OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Family Income Supplement

Family Income Supplement was a means-tested benefit for working people with children introduced in Britain in 1970 by the Conservative government of Edward Heath, effective from August 1971. It was not intended to be a permanent feature of the social security system and was abolished by the Social Security Act 1986 (c. 50), which replaced it with Family Credit.
Half of the amount by which the claimant's income fell below £15/week was paid, plus £2 for each additional child, to a maximum of £3/week (revised to £4/week). In addition, those in receipt were given entitlement to free school meals and passported to the NHS Low Income Scheme. Claimants were required to provide payslips to prove that they were in remunerative full-time work for a minimum of 30 hours per week, or 24 hours for single parents. In 1985, differential rates for children under 11, from 11 to 15 and over 16 were introduced. There was a maximum payment to prevent abuse from claimants or employers deliberately reducing or understating earnings.
Once entitlement was established, it continued for 52 weeks regardless of changes in circumstances.
Entitlement was calculated with respect to gross income, which exacerbated the poverty trap. Each extra £1 a week in gross earnings would reduce weekly Family Income Supplement by 50p, on top of which most claimants would be subject to income tax and National Insurance Contributions of at least 30p, which produced a very high marginal withdrawal rate. Additionally, the loss of entitlement took with it entitlement to health and education benefits.
The take-up of the benefit was initially poor, with less than half of those eligible claiming.
# Datnioides microlepis

Datnioides microlepis, also known as the Indonesian tiger perch, Indo datmoid, Indonesian tigerfish, or finescale tigerfish, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lobotidae, the tripletails and tiger perches. This species is endemic to the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan in Indonesia.

## Taxonomy

Datnioides microlepis was first formally described in 1854 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker with its type locality given as the Kapuas River at Pontianak, Kalimantan, Indonesia. This taxon was considered to be conspecific with the Siamese tigerfish (D. pulcher), which was included in D. microlepis until 1998. The 5th edition of the Fishes of the World classifies this genus as one of two genera in the family Lobotidae, alongside the tripletails in the genus Lobotes, which it places in the order Spariformes.

## Etymology

Datnioides microlepis has the specific name microlepis which means "small scales", an allusion to the smaller scales of this species compared to D. polota.

## Description

Datnioides microlepis has the deepest body of the species in the genus Datnioides, its standard length being 2.1 to 2.4 times its depth. The maximum published total length for this species is 55 cm (22 in), making it the largest species of Datnioides. It may be identified from its congeners by having 6 or 7 broad dark vertical bars on the body, with a yellowish-grey background colour. The band nearest the head typically runs unbroken over the operculum and over the throat. There is an obvious black marking just in front of the base of the pelvic fin. The part of the back in front of the dorsal fin is straight.

## Distribution and habitat

Datnioides microlepis is found in Sumatra and western Kalimantan on Borneo in large lowland rivers, sometimes entering brackish waters. It often prefers areas with an abundance of submerged branches and is found in flooded forests. Records of this species from the drainage basins of the Chao Praya and Mekong are thought to refer to the Siamese tigerfish.

## Biology

Datnioides microlepis is a predatory species, adults feed on crustaceans and smaller fishes, as well as annelids and insects, while juveniles feed on zooplankton. Adults are solitary and aggressive to other members of its species while the juveniles will gather in groups. In the Kapuas river, the local fishermen have observed that this species spawns in April and May.

## Utilisation

Datnioides microlepis is a food fish and overfishing, as well as pollution, threaten the populations in some areas. It is a rare item in the aquarium trade.
# Caples–Ringling Estates Historic District

The Caples'–Ringlings' Estates Historic District comprises the John Ringling Estate, the Edith and Charles Ringling and Hester Ringling Lancaster Sanford Estates, and the Ellen and Ralph Caples Estate as a U.S. historic district located in Sarasota, Florida. The historic designation was given on December 15, 1982. The district is bounded by Sarasota Bay, Tamiami Trail (U.S. Route 41), Parkview Avenue, and North Shore Drive. The district contains 18 historic buildings and 5 structures as well as contributing factors. Architecture (including walls and gateways), landscape architecture, art, sculpture, as well as social and humanitarian factors are cited on the 1980 nomination form as the significant qualification factors for listing the district. The district was the first National Register of Historic Places nomination for a site in the city of Sarasota. The estates associated with three of the homes are the part of the New College of Florida campus that is west of Bay Shore Road, all except that of John Ringling.
Two of the homes, Edith's and Hester's, are used regularly for college functions and the third, the home of the Caples, is undergoing restoration so that it also may be used regularly.

## Gallery

* Former gateway to Ca'd'Zan, now the entrance to the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art complex of the associated museums, a restaurant, and a gift shop
* Front entrance to Ca'd'Zan
# Hvedholm Castle

Hvedholm Castle is an estate and castle located near Faaborg on the island of Funen, Denmark. It is now the site of Hvedholm Slotshotel.

## History

Hvedholm was built in the 15th century. The main building was built in 1588, rebuilt in 1681 after a fire and was rebuilt in 1878–1882 on the basis of drawings by architect Johan Schrøder (1836–1914).
It was owned in turn by the Banke, Hardenberg and Brahe families until 1919, when the Danish government presented the then owners with an enormous tax demand, forcing them to sell it to the state for approximately 175,000 Danish kroner. Hvedholm Castle was later returned to the Brahe family, who were considered for generations the rightful rulers of the castle and surrounding villages. The family was served by the nearby Horne Church.
Today, the castle is the production place of the Danish TV-series Forræder.
Hvedholm Slotshotel is a hotel in the main building on Hvedholm with 62 rooms and a park on 10 hectares. The hotel is part of the chain Danske Slotshoteller.
# Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's Greek discus throw

The men's Greek-style discus throw was one of six throwing events on the Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme in London. The competition was held on 18 July 1908. In the Greek-style event, throwers hurled the discus from atop a rectangular platform raised above the ground. Throwing style was strictly prescribed by the rules of the event. The event had been contested at the 1906 Summer Olympics, but was not held again after 1908. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records in the standard discus throw prior to the competition.
| World record | Wilhelm Dörr (GER) | 43.86 | Worms | 1907 |
| Olympic record | Martin Sheridan (USA) Ralph Rose (USA) | 39.28 | St Louis | 3 September 1904 |

## Results

| Place | Name | Nation | Distance |
| 1 | Martin Sheridan | United States | 37.99 metres |
| 2 | Bill Horr | United States | 37.32 metres |
| 3 | Verner Järvinen | Finland | 36.48 metres |
| 4 | Arthur Dearborn | United States | 35.65 metres |
| 5 | Michalis Dorizas | Greece | 33.34 metres |
| 6 | Nikolaos Georgantas | Greece | 33.21 metres |
| 7 | István Mudin | Hungary | 33.11 metres |
| 8 | Wilbur Burroughs | United States | 32.81 metres |
| 9 | Elmer Niklander | Finland | 32.46 metres |
| 10 | Umberto Avattaneo | Italy | 29.15 metres |
| 11–23 | Platt Adams | United States | Unknown |
| 11–23 | John Barrett | Great Britain | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Alfred Flaxman | Great Britain | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Folke Fleetwood | Sweden | Unknown |
| 11–23 | John Garrels | United States | Unknown |
| 11–23 | György Luntzer | Hungary | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Walter Henderson | Great Britain | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Imre Mudin | Hungary | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Henry Leeke | Great Britain | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Eric Lemming | Sweden | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Ernest May | Great Britain | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Mór Kóczán | Hungary | Unknown |
| 11–23 | Miroslav Šustera | Bohemia | Unknown |
# Christian Morals

Christian Morals is a prose work written by the physician Sir Thomas Browne as advice for his eldest children. It was published posthumously in 1716 and consists, as its title implies, of meditations upon Christian values and conduct.

## Contents

The work is divided into three sections with many of the numbered paragraphs standing-alone as text, with unique and startling imagery involving optics, perspective and appearance. A work of a lifetime's study and understanding of the human condition, in psychological terms, Browne's last major work may be considered as advice on obtaining individuation and self-realization as much as Christian virtue.

## Baroque style

Stylistically, it displays some of the best and worst excesses of Browne's at times labyrinthine and meandering baroque style, often involving parallelisms in its sentence construction.

## Samuel Johnson edition

Christian Morals was edited by Samuel Johnson in 1756; Johnson prefaced his edition with a biography of Browne. His latter prose imitated aspects of Browne's late prose-style.
# Solomon Tuliaupupu

Solomon Nokeakua-Stroud Tuliaupupu is an American football defensive end for the USC Trojans.

## High school career

Tuliaupupu attended Claremont High School in Claremont, California before transferring to Mater Dei High School in Santa Ana, California after his sophomore year. He played his entire high school career as a middle linebacker. Despite suffering a season-ending foot injury in the playoffs of his senior season, Tuliaupupu recorded sixty-three tackles, four sacks, and won the Butkus Award.

## College career

Tuliaupupu was redshirted his freshman season due to a pre-season foot injury.
He missed his entire redshirt freshman season to another pre-season foot injury.
He missed his entire sophomore year due to a year-ending knee surgery.
His junior year, he moved from middle linebacker to defensive end.

## Personal life

His father played offensive lineman at Southern Utah.
# Rhytiphora heros

Rhytiphora heros is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was first described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1863, under the original genus Iphiastos. This species is known to inhabit Australia.
# William McDonough (disambiguation)

William McDonough may refer to:
* William McDonough, American architect
* William Joseph McDonough (1934–2018), Federal Reserve Bank of New York chairman
* William McDonough (jockey), took part in four Grand Nationals in the 1830s and 40s
# Walter Saldanha

Walter Saldanha (31 October 1931 – 28 December 2024) was an Indian businessman and co-founder with Brendan Pereira, of Chaitra Advertising Private Limited (now Leo Burnett). He was latterly the Chairman-Cum-Managing Director of Chaitra Holdings Private Limited. In 2001, he founded the Asian Institute of Communication and Research, better known as AICAR Business School.

## Life and career

Saldanha started his career as a typist in 1947, a few months short of his 16th birthday. In 1951 he joined the advertising agency J Walter Thompson (JWT India) as secretary to a senior account executive. He worked with JWT in various roles, he was also instrumental in setting up JWT operations in Sri Lanka. In 1972, he and Creative Director Brendan Pereira, left Aiyar Advertising and Marketing Ltd, to set up their own advertising agency, Chaitra Advertising. By 1983 Chaitra Advertising was among the top 10 advertising agencies in India. In the late 1990s Chaitra Advertising was acquired by Leo Burnett, one of the leading advertising agencies in the world. In 2001 he set up the Asian Institute of Communication & Research, better known as AICAR Business School. He was also a member of the Board of Directors for Aptech Limited.
Saldanha was also the Hon. Treasurer of the Society for Eradication of Leprosy, he was also a Trustee of the Sangeet Abhinay Academy, an organisation devoted to the development of musical talent and the Shanti Avedna Sadan (a home for terminally ill cancer patients). He was also Chairman of Slum Rehabilitation Society.
Saldahna died on 28 December 2024, at the age of 93.

## Awards

In 2000, Saldanha was awarded for his outstanding contribution to advertising by the Advertising Agencies Association of India (AAAI).
# I'm Diggin' It

I'm Diggin' It is the only studio album by the American country music singer Alecia Elliott. It was released in 2000 by MCA Nashville. It peaked at No. 18 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart. The album includes the singles "I'm Diggin' It" and "You Wanna What?"

## Production

The album was produced by Tony Brown and Jeff Teague. Elliott co-wrote two of the album's songs.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Albuquerque Journal | |
| AllMusic | |
| Detroit Free Press | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| USA Today | |
Country Standard Time wrote that "Elliott's a talented vocalist, but what she's chosen (or been given) to sing is perfectly forgettable and nearly free of country influence." Nashville Scene thought that "'I’m Diggin’ It' and the ridiculous 'You Wanna What?' position Elliott as the silly, superficial younger sister of Shania Twain." Time opined that "Elliott's warm voice brings out the melody in every track, deepening and personalizing her songs."

## Track listing

* "Some People Fall, Some People Fly" (Matraca Berg, Randy Scruggs) – 3:00
* "I Don't Understand" (Stephanie Bentley, Adrienne Follesé, Keith Follesé) – 3:17
* "I'm Waiting for You" (Gary Baker, Alecia Elliott, Frank J. Myers) – 4:07
* "Ain't No Ordinary Love" (Tommy Lee James, Robin Lerner) – 3:48
* "Every Heart" (Michele McCord, Mark D. Sanders, Sharon Vaughn) – 3:40
* "I'm Diggin' It" (Daryl Burgess, McCord) – 2:39
* "That's the Only Way" (Cathy Majeski, Sunny Russ, Stephony Smith) – 3:22
* "Say You Will" (Hunter Davis, Hillary Lindsey) – 3:38
* "You Wanna What?" (Andy Bohatiuk, Elliott, Bill Terry) – 2:54
* "Stay Awhile" (Mark Selby, Tia Sillers) – 2:57
* "Some Say I'm Running" (Brent Bourgeois, Michael W. Smith) – 4:15

## Personnel

* Alecia Elliott: Vocal
* Thomas Flora, Tareva Henderson, Jennifer O'Brien, John Wesley Ryles, Harry Stinson: Vocal Backing
* Steuart Smith, Randy Scruggs, Jerry McPherson, Brent Mason: Guitars
* Steve Gibson, George Marinelli: Guitars, Mandolin
* Dan Dugmore: Guitars, Pedal Steel
* Larry Franklin: Fiddle
* Matt Rollings: Keyboards, Piano
* Steve Nathan: Keyboards, Organ, Piano
* Michael Rhodes: Bass
* Eddie Bayers, Paul Leim, Greg Morrow: Drums
* Tom Roady, Jeff Teague: Percussion

## Chart performance

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 18 |
| U.S. Billboard Top 200 | 172 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Heatseekers | 6 |
# Gareth Smith

Gareth Smith (born 20 July 1966) is a former English cricketer. Smith was a right handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Jarrow, County Durham.
Smith made his first-class debut for Northamptonshire against the touring Indians in 1986. His County Championship debut for the county came against Derbyshire in the same season. From 1986 to 1989, he represented the county in 9 first-class matches, the last of which came against Essex. His debut in List A cricket also came for Northamptonshire. His debut match in that format come against Somerset in 1987, with his second and final List A match for Northamptonshire coming against Sussex two years later.
In 1990, he joined Warwickshire. He played a single first-class match for the county, which was to be the last in his career, against Sussex. In his career total of 10 first-class matches, he scored 90 runs at a batting average of 10.00, with a high score of 30. In the field he took 3 catches and with the ball he took 21 wickets at a bowling average of 30.14, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/72. He also played 3 List A matches for Warwickshire during the 1990 season against Essex, Derbyshire and Sussex.
In 1992, he represented Bedfordshire. His debut in the Minor Counties Championship for the county came against Lincolnshire. During the 1992 season, he represented the county in 5 Championship matches, the last of which came against Staffordshire. Smith played a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match in 1992 for Bedfordshire against Suffolk.
His next appearance in List A cricket came for the Durham Cricket Board in the 1999 NatWest Trophy against Oxfordshire. From 1999 to 2001, he represented the Board in 7 one-day matches, the last of which came against Hertfordshire in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. In his career total of 12 List A matches, he scored 25 runs at an average of 8.33, with a high score of 9*. With the ball he took 14 wickets an average of 25.42, with best figures of 2/20.
# Shalate Sekhabi

Kgabang Sekhabi (born July 27, 2000), popularly known as Shalate Sekhabi, is a South African actress and singer. She is best known for the roles in the television soap opera as, The River, and House of Zwide.

## Personal life

Sekhabi was born in 2000 in Mafikeng in the North West Province of South Africa. Her father Aubrey Sekhabi is a playwright and director. In 2018, she matriculated from Crawford College, Pretoria. Then in 2019, she entered to the University of the Witwatersrand, and later graduated with a Bachelor's degree in film and television.

## Career

At the age of 8 years, she joined the school choir and drama club. Then, Sekhabi joined Steele Models when she was eleven years old. At the age of 14, she made film debut with two short films: A Cup of Sugar directed by Xolile Tshabalala and Making a Killing directed by Justine Head.
In January 2020, she made her television debut with the 1Magic soap opera The River, where she made the recurring role of "Millicent" in the season three of the soapie. After the success of the soapie, she was invited to play the lead role "Shoki" in the e.tv soap opera House of Zwide in the same year. Later in January 2021, the series replaced the long-running soap opera Rhythm City.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Genre |
| 2020 | The River | Millicent | TV series |
| 2021 | House of Zwide | Shoki | TV series |
| 2021 | Rhythm City | | TV series |
# Shum Kwok Pui

Shum Kwok Pui (Chinese: 岑國培; Jyutping: sam$^4$ gwok$^3$ pui$^4$; born 11 August 1970) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a centre back.

## Coaching career
### Pegasus

Shum joined Pegasus in 2008 as an assistant coach. He left the club by mutual consent in June 2011.

### South China

As part of a partnership with Chelsea Soccer School, Sham returned to South China as the coach of the U-18 squad.

### Happy Valley

South China decided to end their partnership with Chelsea after the 2015-16 season. As a result, Chelsea found a new partner in Happy Valley with which to loan their students. Sham decided to follow Chelsea and was named the manager at Happy Valley in September 2016.
On 15 July 2019, Shum ceded his head coaching duties to Pau Ka Yiu while remaining with Happy Valley as an assistant.

## Honours
### Eastern

* Hong Kong Senior Shield: 2007–08
# Parivattam

Parivattam (transl. Turban) is a 1996 Indian Tamil language drama film written and directed by T. K. Rajendran who earlier directed Thalattu (1993). The film was produced by Iyyanar Cine Arts. The film stars Jayaram and Sukanya, while Goundamani and Senthil acted in supporting roles. Deva was the music composer. The film was released on 28 September 1996.

## Cast

* Jayaram
* Sukanya
* Goundamani
* Senthil
* Manivannan
* Karai Subbaiya

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by Deva and lyrics were by Vaali.
| Song | Singers | Length |
| "Arasampatti" | Krishnaraj | 05:15 |
| "Chinna Moondrampirai" | P. Unnikrishnan | 05:36 |
| "Gundouru Gundumalli" | Krishnaraj, Swarnalatha | 05:16 |
| "Madurai Anthapakkam" | K. S. Chithra | 05:00 |
| "Paaya Potta Pankajavalli" | Swarnalatha | 05:20 |
# Asplenium obtusatum

Asplenium obtusatum, the shore spleenwort or paranako, is a species of spleenwort found in New Zealand and other Pacific isles.

## Description

Shore spleenworts grow up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) high and the same across. They are evergreen plants with plump fronds and bulky rhizomes that often protrude above-ground as a woody lump. Spleenworts have elongated, rather than circular, sori; those of Asplenium obtustatum grow to 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long.

## Distribution

Shore spleenworts are found in coastal habitats on both main islands of New Zealand (North and South), as well as Stewart Island, Campbell Island, and the Chatham, the Snares, Auckland, and the Antipodes islands. It is also reported from various southern Pacific and Atlantic islands and from parts of South America.

## Taxonomy

Asplenium obtusatum is commonly known as the shore spleenwort; its Māori name is "paranako". The specific epithet, obtusatum, means "blunt".
There are two subspecies: A. o. obtusatum, more common in the South Island; and A. o. northlandicum, smaller and found near Auckland.
# Equestrian at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Team jumping

The team jumping in equestrian at the 1948 Olympic Games in London was held at the Empire Stadium on 14 August. The competition consisted of a single round of jumping. In the case of a tie in points, a jump-off was arranged. The jump-off had no time limit, however, the time taken to complete the jump-off was used as a tie-breaker. The points from the individual competition were also used in the team competition.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Individual penalties | Team total penalties |
| | Mexico (MEX) Humberto Mariles Rubén Uriza Alberto Valdés | 6.25 8 20 | 34.25 |
| | Spain (ESP) Jaime García José Navarro Morenés Marcelino Gavilán | 12 20 24.50 | 56.50 |
| | Great Britain (GBR) Harry Llewellyn Henry Nicoll Arthur Carr | 16 16 35 | 67.00 |
| - | France (FRA) Jean-François d'Orgeix Max Fresson Pierre de Maupeou d'Ableiges | 8 16 Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Sweden (SWE) Eric Sörensen Greg Lewenhaupt Karl-Åke Hultberg | 12 20.75 Eliminated | DNF |
| - | United States (USA) Franklin Wing John Russell Andrew Fierson | 8 38.25 Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Ireland (IRL) Dan Corry Fred Ahern Jack Lewis | 21.25 25.50 Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Portugal (POR) Henrique Callado João Barrento Hélder Martins | 26 42.50 Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Brazil (BRA) Francisco Pontes Eloy de Menezes Ruben Ribeiro | 20 Eliminated Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Argentina (ARG) Rafael Campos Néstor Alvarado Pascual Pistarini | 24 Eliminated Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Netherlands (NED) Joachim Gruppelaar Jan de Bruine Jaap Rijks | 36 Eliminated Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Denmark (DEN) Otto Mønsted Acthon Jeppe Johannes Ladegaard-Mikkelsen Torben Tryde | Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Italy (ITA) Alessandro, Count Bettoni Cazzago Gerardo Conforti Piero D'Inzeo | Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated | DNF |
| - | Turkey (TUR) Selim Çakir Kudret Kasar Eyüp Öncü | Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated | DNF |