OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rhodochiton atrosanguineus

Rhodochiton atrosanguineus is a herbaceous perennial vine native to Mexico. It has been cultivated as an ornamental plant since at least 1836.
Although the specific epithet is sometimes spelled atrosanguineum, chiton in Greek is masculine, so the ending is correctly -us.
Rhodochiton atrosanguineus has been known colloquially in the UK as the "black man's willy". Another common name is purple bell vine or simply purple bell.
All Rhodochiton species are sometimes placed in the genus Lophospermum.

## Description

Its dangling flowers have a pink, bell-shaped calyx of sepals surrounding a protruding, tubular corolla of purple-black petals. It has somewhat hairy, heart-shaped leaves, often with purple venation. The vine can reach three metres in length in perfect conditions, but more-likely 1.5-2.5 metres. The seeds are 3mm across.

## Taxonomic history

Wayne J. Elisens has outlined the somewhat confused taxonomic history of the name of this species. In 1829, Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini sent seeds and a description to individuals and botanical gardens under the name "Rhodochiton volubile", considering it to be a new genus; however the name was not formally published. In 1832, Zuccarini decided that it was actually a Lophospermum, and published the name Lophospermum atrosanguineum, writing that "I held it at first to be new genus and sent the seeds obtained in the summer of 1829 to several gardens under the name Rhodochiton volubile. The figure in the Botanical Register has convinced me of the identity of the genus." Not knowing of Zuccharini's change of name, in particular his publication of the epithet atrosanguineum, in 1834 Christoph Friedrich Otto and Albert Gottfried Dietrich published and illustrated Rhodochiton volubilis, an illegitimate name since a prior epithet existed. In 1943, Rothmaler provided a legitimate combination in the genus Rhodochiton, namely Rhodochiton atrosanguineus.

## Cultivation

Rhodochiton atrosanguineus has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
This plant is undemanding if given full sun or near-full sun, well-drained soil, and general care. It will tolerate cold temperatures, but not freezing.
Propagation is by seed sown in spring, or at 15-18 °C.
Plants can be pruned in late winter to manage size and shape.
* Flower from underneath
* Developing seed pod
* Seeds (3mm across)
# Money and Government

Money and Government: The Past and Future of Economics is a 2018 book about the history of economics by Robert Skidelsky.
# Hoekaspis

Hoekaspis is an extinct genus of trilobites from the family Asaphidae. It lived during the early part of the Arenig stage of the Ordovician, a faunal stage which lasted from approximately 466 to 461 million years ago.

## Distribution

Fossils of Hoekaspis have been found in France, Morocco, Bolivia and Argentina.
# Meymaneh Province

Meymaneh Province was a former province of Afghanistan, which in 1964 was divided, creating Badghis Province and Faryab Province. However, the name "Maymana" survives the administrative center of the Faryab Province.

## Sources

* Statoids.com - Provinces of Afghanistan
* This Badghis Province, Afghanistan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This Faryab Province, Afghanistan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Lutjanus adetii

Lutjanus adetii, the yellow-banded snapper or hussar, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean. This species is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries and is sought after as a game fish.

## Taxonomy

Lutjanus adetii was first formally described in 1873 as Diacope adetii by the French naturalist François-Louis Laporte, comte de Castelnau with the type locality given as Nouméa on New Caledonia. Its specific name honours "Mr Adet" who collected the specimens of fishes that Castelnau described from New Caledonia, Castelnau did not give Adet's given names.

## Description

Lutjanus adetii has a relatively deep body, which has a standard length of 2.5 to 2.7 times its depth. The snout is rather pointed, the preorbital bone is wider than the diameter of the eye and there is a well developed preopercular protuberance and incision. The tongue has a patch of granular teeth while the vomerine teeth are arranged in a triangular patch. The dorsal fin has 10 spines and 14 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays, these fins have a rounded posterior profile. The pectoral fins contain 17 rays while the caudal fin may be emarginate or slightly forked. The background colour is rosy-pink shading to silvery below with a dusky to golden stripe which runs from the middle of the operculum to the base of the caudal fin. There is a golden patch which surrounds the eye and runs onto the snout while the pectoral fin base has a yellow blotch, The dorsal and anal fins have white margins. The juveniles have a sizeable red spot on the caudal peduncle, which some retain while the mid lateral stripe appears. This species attains a maximum total length of 50 cm (20 in), although 30 cm (12 in) is more typical.

## Distribution and habitat

Lutjanus adetii has a restricted distribution in the southwest Pacific Ocean. It occurs in eastern Australia, eastern Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia. In Australia it occurs from the northern Great Barrier Reef in Queensland south to Sydney in New South Wales, with small juveniles being recorded further south, and Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. This species occur from the surface down to 40 m (130 ft) living among rocky and coral reefs.

## Biology

Lutjanus adetii is a nocturnal hunter, the adults spend the day in large aggregations which disperse at night to forage Off New Caledonia the spawning season is from August to February, peaking in November to January.

## Fisheries

Lutjanus adetii is mainly of interest to recreational fisheries. Its flesh is considered to be of good quality and it is caught for markets in some localities, especially in New Caledonia. It is caught using hook and line and gill nets and the catch is normally sold fresh. The hussar is one of the species taken in the coral reef finfish fishery of Australia.
# Clarence Francis

Clarence Francis (December 1, 1888 - December 22, 1985) was a business executive and internationally recognized expert on food.

## Early life

He was born in Staten Island in 1888. Upon graduating from Amherst College in 1910 he went to New York City intending to apply for work at Standard Oil. By mistake, Francis went to the wrong office and soon found himself working for the Corn Products Refining Company, a small food manufacturing firm. This inauspicious beginning led to a lifelong interest in the food industry. By the time Francis retired from the General Foods Corporation in 1954 he had risen to become Chairman of the Board of Directors. After absorbing an initial $17 million loss in the frozen foods sector, Francis was able to turn a profit for General Foods in this very important market.

## Career

After working for Corn Products and Ralston Purina, Francis joined the Postum Company (later General Foods) in 1924. He became executive vice president in 1931, president in 1935,and then chairman of the board in 1943.
In addition to his work in the food industry, Francis also served as a government consultant. By 1933 he was recognized as an expert on food production and distribution. When the National Recovery Administration, one of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal agencies, was created to establish codes to regulate business operations, Francis was hired as a consultant to help draft codes for the food industry. The successful conclusion of this task led to further demands for his services. Between 1940 and 1943 he assisted in defense mobilization; from 1943 to 1945 he led a committee that studied the food services at several naval bases in the United States; he studied manpower training and utilization in the U.S. Department of Defense from 1951-52; and he evaluated the Mutual Security Program in 1953.
In 1949, Francis was appointed by Secretary of Interior Julius A. Krug to chair an official United States Citizens Committee for the United Nations Scientific Conference on Conservation and Utilization of Resources, held in August of that year at Lake Success, New York.
Francis’ consultant work required taking extended leaves from his work at the General Foods Corporation. After his retirement in 1954 he was able to devote most of his time to government service. He became a special consultant to President Dwight D. Eisenhower with the responsibility of disposing of the vast agricultural surpluses which the federal government had accumulated. At the same time he served as chairman of the Citizens Committee for the Hoover Report, and was the American representative on the European Productivity Agency.
At the end of the Eisenhower administration Francis left government services and returned to private business. His last major activity was with the Economic Development Council of New York City. He remained a Director Emeritus of General Foods until his death.
# Niabina

Niabina is a town and commune in the Brakna Region of southern Mauritania.
In 2013, it had a population of 12,989.
# Nomad: From Islam to America

Nomad: From Islam to America: A Personal Journey Through the Clash of Civilizations (first published May 18, 2010) is a memoir by Somali-born Dutch-American writer, politician and activist Ayaan Hirsi Ali. It is a sequel to her New York Times bestseller Infidel. It deals in greater depth than the earlier book with certain aspects of the author's childhood in Somalia, Kenya and Saudi Arabia, and in particular with her family, as well as with her exile from the Netherlands and her present home with the American Enterprise Institute in the United States. The book is critical of Islam and the multiculturalism which the author sees as enabling Muslim extremism. It sets out to make the case that moderate Christian churches should seek actively to convert Muslim believers. The book has been praised by Christopher Hitchens, John Lloyd, and Richard Dawkins.

## Reception

Nicholas Kristof of The New York Times wrote, "Since Hirsi Ali denounces Islam with a ferocity that I find strident, potentially feeding religious bigotry, I expected to dislike this book. It did leave me uncomfortable and exasperated in places. But I also enjoyed it. Hirsi Ali comes across as so sympathetic when she shares her grief at her family's troubles that she is difficult to dislike. Her memoir suggests that she never quite outgrew her rebellious teenager phase, but also that she would be a terrific conversationalist at a dinner party." Alexander Linklater of The Observer similarly observed, "In Nomad she calls her ancestral voices into direct confrontation with her demands for reform of Islamic theology. The result is electrifying. This is not the same as saying she is always right; but when she calls on western feminists to stand with her, to celebrate the better values of the west, and to confront the worst of the abuses perpetrated on Muslim women, it is not clear what more useful thing those feminists might be doing."
However, Mona Siddiqui, a professor of Islamic studies, was far more critical of the book, opining, "As you read this book two things become obvious. The first is that Hirsi Ali is a woman who had enough courage and determination to escape from a life that her parents wanted for her but which she did not want – something that can be very hard to do in many Islamic cultures. She has been both a victim and a survivor – she lives with death threats. The second is that as a writer she has used her fame, her security issues and her intellectual status to discredit a faith through sweeping generalisations fuelled both by her own experiences but also her own prejudices."

## Censorship

Pursuant to the Printing Presses and Publications (Control of Undesirable Publications) (No. 21) Order 2016 dated 18 April 2016 made by the then Minister of Home Affairs of Malaysia, the "printing, importation, production, reproduction, publishing, sale, issue, circulation, distribution or possession" of this book is prohibited as doing so is "likely to be prejudicial to public order and likely to alarm public opinion".
# Mark Saxelby

Mark Saxelby (4 January 1969 – 12 October 2000) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler.
He started his eleven-year cricketing career at Nottinghamshire, where he enjoyed a fair few successful seasons and consistently averaged in the 30s with the bat without making himself overly known or feared. However, he was soon off to Durham, who spotted him after an excellent century innings in the Sunday leagues. Despite being keen to keep both Mark and his brother Kevin Saxelby for as long as possible, he was to move to Durham and make 181 on his Championship debut for the team.
However, a season after reaching 1000 runs for the first time, Saxelby was once again packing his bags and moving, after patchy form saw him down to number five in the batting lineup.
After some years in minor league cricket, and a 1996 MCC Trophy win for Cheshire, Saxelby was signed by Derbyshire in 2000 and only appeared for them after an injury to Mathew Dowman left his teammate unable to play.
At the age of 31, Saxelby committed suicide by ingesting weedkiller; he was suffering from depression.
# Frank Doyle (politician)

Francis Edward Doyle (17 June 1922 – 13 March 1984) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian House of Representatives from 1972 to 1974, representing the electorate of Lilley.
Doyle was born in Oakey, Queensland. He worked as a train driver across regional Queensland and was Queensland state secretary of the Australian Federated Union of Locomotive Enginemen from 1958 to 1972. He was also a member of the state executive of the Labor Party. Doyle was an unsuccessful nominee for Labor Senate preselection in 1967 and was the unsuccessful Labor candidate for Lilley at the 1969 federal election, topping the primary votes but losing on Democratic Labor Party preferences.
He was elected to the House of Representatives at the 1972 federal election, defeating sitting Lilley MP and former minister Kevin Cairns by only 35 votes. He lost a rematch with Cairns at the 1974 election, and tried to reclaim his seat unsuccessfully at the 1975 election.
In March 1975, he was appointed as the first Queensland director of the Australian Trade Union Training Authority, serving in that role until his death in 1984.
# Otto Beisheim

Otto Beisheim (3 January 1924 – 18 February 2013) was a German businessman and co-founder of Metro AG. In 2010, his net worth was estimated at US$3.6 billion.

## Early life

Beisheim was born on 3 January 1924, near Essen, Germany. He was the son of a caretaker, and his family was too poor to pay for him to attend high school, so he became a leather tradesman.
In October 1942, Otto Besheim voluntarily joined the Waffen-SS. During this time, he temporarily served as Sturmmann (Private) in the SS Division Leibstandarte in an artillery regiment on the Eastern Front. There is no historical indication that he was involved in war crimes during his assignment with the Waffen-SS. In 1943, Beisheim incurred a light injury in July in the Battle of Kursk in July 1943, and a severe injury in December near Berdychiv. In July 1944, following an extensive period of recovery in various military hospitals, Beisheim served as a Private in an administrative unit before he was taken as a British prisoner of war in May 1945. He was released in March 1946.

## Career

After the war, Beisheim began his commercial career at the Wilhelm Nebel leather factory. After several positions in the iron and steel industry, he worked for the electrical trading company Stöcker & Reinshagen from 1959, where he became an authorized officer.
Returning to Germany, he founded Metro, the country's first cash-and-carry retailer, in 1964 at Mülheim an der Ruhr.
On 10 January 2004, Beisheim Center was officially opened on the northwest side of Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, built for 463 million euros, and including the Ritz-Carlton and Marriott chains.
In 2009, he sold 5.2% of the shares of Metro AG to various national and international investors; a further 3.1% could be sold. The WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, in Vallendar is named after him.

### Awards

* Iron Cross II Class
* 1993: Doctor of Economics - honorary, the Technical University of Dresden
* 1994: Grand Federal Cross of Merit
* 2000: Bavarian Order of Merit
* 2003: Order of Merit of the State of Berlin
* 2003: Honorary Senator of WHU
* 2005: WHU ring of honor
* 2005: Honorary citizenship of all five valley communities in the Tegernsee valley
* 2008: Honorary doctorate from WHU

## Personal life and legacy

On 18 February 2013, Beisheim committed suicide in his home in Rottach-Egern, Germany. The Beisheim Group issued a statement that Beisheim chose to take his own life after being diagnosed with a terminal illness. Beisheim was intensely private and rarely in the public eye. Even at his company's shareholders' meetings, he was reported to have shown up on occasion masquerading under the name Müller.
Otto gave his name to the Beisheim Group, a family holding company for his interests in Metro AG.
# 2021 U-18 Copa Generación

The Copa Generación was a U-18 youth football league in Peru for the Peruvian football teams in the Liga 1 and Liga 2.

## Teams
### Stadia and locations

| Team | City |
| Alianza Lima | Lima |
| Ayacucho | Ayacucho |
| Cantolao | Callao |
| Comerciantes Unidos | Cutervo |
| Deportivo Municipal | Lima |
| Pirata | Olmos |
| Regatas Lima | Lima |
| Sport Boys | Callao |
| Sporting Cristal | Lima |
| Universidad César Vallejo | Trujillo |
| Universidad San Martín | Lima |
| Universitario | Lima |

## Fase Inicial

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Sporting Cristal | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 33 | 7 | +26 | 27 | Advance to Semifinals |
| 2 | Alianza Lima | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 28 | 15 | +13 | 24 | Advance to Semifinals |
| 3 | Academia Cantolao | 11 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 25 | 11 | +14 | 23 | Advance to Repechajes |
| 4 | Universidad César Vallejo | 11 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 10 | +12 | 23 | Advance to Repechajes |
| 5 | Pirata | 11 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 17 | 6 | +11 | 19 | Advance to Repechajes |
| 6 | Deportivo Municipal | 11 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 12 | +2 | 18 | Advance to Repechajes |
| 7 | Universitario | 11 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 18 | 10 | +8 | 14 | |
| 8 | Regatas Lima | 11 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 29 | −19 | 12 | |
| 9 | Universidad San Martín | 11 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 18 | 29 | −11 | 8 | |
| 10 | Ayacucho | 11 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 22 | −11 | 6 | |
| 11 | Sport Boys | 11 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 30 | −20 | 3 | |
| 12 | Comerciantes Unidos | 11 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 12 | 37 | −25 | 3 | |

### Results

| Home \ Away | ALI | AYA | CAN | COM | MUN | PIR | REG | SBA | SCR | UCV | USM | UNI |
| Alianza Lima | | 2–1 | 2–1 | 3–2 | | 0–0 | | | | 2–3 | 5–2 | |
| Ayacucho | | | | | | 1–5 | | | | | | |
| Academia Cantolao | | 2–0 | | 4–3 | | 1–0 | | 3–1 | | 1–2 | | 2–0 |
| Comerciantes Unidos | | 1–1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deportivo Municipal | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 | | 1–0 | | 3–1 | 0–1 | | 3–2 | 1–0 |
| Pirata | | | | 5–0 | | | | | | | | |
| Regatas Lima | 2–7 | 2–2 | 0–4 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1–1 | | 1–0 | | 0–3 | 2–2 | |
| Sport Boys | 2–3 | 3–3 | | 0–0 | | 0–1 | | | | | | |
| Sporting Cristal | 2–2 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 6–1 | | 0–0 | 5–0 | 8–1 | | | 4–1 | 2–0 |
| Universidad César Vallejo | | 3–0 | | 6–1 | 1–2 | 1–1 | | 0–0 | 0–2 | | | |
| Universidad San Martín | | 1–1 | 0–4 | 5–1 | | 0–2 | | 4–2 | | 1–2 | | 0–3 |
| Universitario | 0–0 | 0–0 | | 5–2 | | 1–2 | 5–0 | 4–0 | | 0–1 | | |
# Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's horizontal bar

The men's horizontal bar was an artistic gymnastics event held as part of the gymnastics programme at the 1904 Summer Olympics. It was the second time the event was held at the Olympics. An unknown number of gymnasts competed, only five are known at present. The competition was held on Friday, October 28, 1904. Anton Heida and Edward Hennig tied for first, with George Eyser third.

## Background

This was the second appearance of the event, which is one of the five apparatus events held every time there were apparatus events at the Summer Olympics (no apparatus events were held in 1900, 1908, 1912, or 1920). Heida was the reigning AAU champion.

## Competition format

Each gymnast performed three exercises on the parallel bars, all voluntary in design. Three judges each gave scores from 0 to 5 for each exercise; thus, the maximum for an exercise was 15 and the maximum total was 45.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| Friday, 28 October 1904 | | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Gymnast | Nation | Score |
| | Anton Heida | United States | 40 |
| | Edward Hennig | United States | 40 |
| | George Eyser | United States | 39 |
| 4–5 | John Duha | United States | |
| 4–5 | William Merz | United States | |
# Non-Shia Practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the Diaspora

Non-Shia Practices of Muḥarram in South Asia and the Diaspora: Beyond Mourning is a 2021 non-fiction book edited by Pushkar Sohoni and Torsten Tschacher and published by Routledge in their Routledge South Asian Religions series. The book's various essays present case studies of the observance of Muharram in non-Islamic contexts through time and in different regions of the world. It is one of the few works that deals with non-Muslim observances of Muharram, at the intersection of South Asian culture and nationalism.

## Synopsis

The book begins with an introductory chapter by the editors, who explain the multi-cultural appropriation of Muharram across the world, driven largely by South Asian diasporas. They argue for a theoretical position that challenges prescribed and scriptural religion as the basis of understanding faith. The following seven chapters present cases from South-east Asia, South Africa, the Caribbean, and different parts of India and Pakistan, using source material from various languages including Bahasa, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, and Urdu.

## Reception

The journal Asian Ethnography published a review by Karen G. Ruffle which laments the lack of a concluding essay, but praises the book for providing "compelling material, ritual, and documentary evidence of how the Muharram ritual complex has taken “on new shapes and guises” outside of South Asia and has become an integral part of non-Shi’i ritual calendars in the subcontinent". Ali Teymour said that the book focused on Muḥarram "beyond the script provided by Shia Muḥarram practices."