OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Walter van Nieuwenhuisen

Walter Michael van Nieuwenhuisen served as the eleventh Archbishop of Utrecht from 1768 to 1797.

## Early ministry

Before serving as Archbishop of Utrecht, van Nieuwenhuisen served as a parish priest in Dordrecht.

## Archbishop of Utrecht

Following the death of Petrus Johannes Meindaerts, Archbishop of Utrecht, on 31 October 1767, the Chapter of Utrecht unanimously elected van Nieuwenhuisen as bishop elect. On 7 February 1768 he was consecrated by Bishop Johannes van Stiphout of Haarlem and Bishop Bartholomaeus Johannes Byeveld of Deventer. Despite van Nieuwenhuisen’s excommunication by the Roman Catholic Church for this act, C.B. Moss says, “The new archbishop received letters of communion from [Roman Catholic] bishops in France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, and from a large number of [Roman Catholic] priests, who recognized fully, not only that the Church of Utrecht was orthodox in doctrine, but also that her claims to canonical jurisdiction were sound.”

## Death

Van Nieuwenhuisen died on Good Friday, 14 April 1797.
# Ouro Sogui

Ouro Sogui or Ourossogui lies in Matam Region in eastern Senegal on the N2 and N3 roads, just south west of Matam on the River Senegal. It is an important market town and transport hub.
In the census of 2002, Ourossogui had a population 13,177. In the 2023 census the population had grown to 27,222.
15°36′N 13°19′W﻿ / ﻿15.600°N 13.317°W﻿ / 15.600; -13.317
# Xeropicta krynickii

Xeropicta krynickii is a terrestrial species of gastropods belonging to the family Geomitridae.

## Distribution

The species is found in Western Asia. and around the Black Sea.

## Taxonomy

This is a rare case in which the author of a species dedicated the species name to himself.
# Farai Madhanaga

Farai Edwin Madhanaga (born 14 February 1995) is a Zimbabwean footballer who plays as a defender for Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila and the Zimbabwe national football team.
# Rosalie Glynn Grylls

(Mary) Rosalie Glynn Grylls (13 April 1905 – 2 November 1988), was a British biographer, lecturer and Liberal Party politician. In 1945 she became known as Rosalie Lady Mander.
She was the daughter of Archibald Campbell Glynn Grylls of Cornwall; the family had been established in the county for centuries. She was educated at Queen's College, London, and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where she graduated with a Master of Arts.
In 1929 she was employed as Secretary to the Liberal MP Edgar Granville. In July 1930 she was selected as Liberal prospective parliamentary candidate for the Reading Division of Berkshire for the General Election that was to occur in 1931.
In November 1930 she married Liberal MP Geoffrey Mander at a ceremony at the House of Commons, where Granville was Mander's best man. She was Mander’s second wife. They had one son and one daughter: John Geoffrey Grylls Mander and Anthea Loveday Veronica Mander.
By the time the General Election came, a National Government had been formed and the Reading Liberals did not contest the constituency. Although she remained interested in politics, she did not attempt to stand again for public office and instead concentrated on her writing.
She was a noted biographer with a special interest in the writers and artists of the Romantic period, and an early connoisseur of the Pre-Raphaelite movement. Her biographical subjects included Mary Shelley (1938), Claire Clairmont (1939), Edward John Trelawny (1950), William Godwin (1953), Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1965), Ivy Compton-Burnett (1971) and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1980). She was influential in the overdue reassessment of the artists and writers of the Victorian period, lecturing widely in Britain and the United States. Her husband had donated their house, Wightwick Manor, with its representative collection of Victorian and Pre-Raphaelite art and manuscripts, to the National Trust in 1937. She continued to open the house to the public and add to its contents until her death in London on 2 November 1988.
# Aimé Haegeman

Aimé Joseph Haegeman (19 October 1861 – 19 September 1935) was a Belgian military officer and horse rider.
Haegeman was an officer in the Lancers Regiment and an instructor at the École de cavalerie d'Ypres.
In May 1900, he competed in the equestrian events during the International Horse Show in Paris. The show was part of the Exposition Universelle, and the equestrian events were later classified as part of the 1900 Summer Olympics. With his horse, Benton II, he won the jumping event.
# Schizothorax sinensis

Schizothorax sinensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Schizothorax from the middle and upper parts of the Yangtze basin in China.
# Norape argyrorrhoea

Norape argyrorrhoea is a moth of the Megalopygidae family. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1825. It is found in Argentina, Trinidad, Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, Paraguay, Panama, Costa Rica and Mexico.
The wingspan is about 24 mm for males and 30 mm for females. Adults are white, with a faint creamy tint. The pectus and femora are smoky black and the antennae testaceous.
# Nioro du Rip

Nioro du Rip is a town and urban commune in the south-west of Sénégal, situated about 60 km (37 mi) to the south-west of Kaolack and 27 km (17 mi) from the border with The Gambia.

## History

The town of Nioro du Rip was the capital of Rip (a kingdom of the marabout leader Maba Diakhou Bâ). Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké (founder of The Mouride brotherhood) at one point lived here. Nioro is near one group of the Senegambian stone circles which date from the eighth century.

## Administration

The town is the capital of Nioro du Rip Department, in région of Kaolack.

## Geography

Nioro du Rip is on the route nationale N4 which links Kaolack to Ziguinchor via The Gambia. The nearest small towns are Keur Ali Gueye, Paoskoto, Diamaguene, Keur Bidji Ouri, Lougue, Bamba, Bakesaloum, Mbaye Faye Fafa et Mbap.

### Climate

Climate data for Nioro du Rip (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 34.8 (94.6) | 37.0 (98.6) | 39.2 (102.6) | 40.3 (104.5) | 39.8 (103.6) | 37.1 (98.8) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.2 (90.0) | 32.5 (90.5) | 34.9 (94.8) | 36.8 (98.2) | 35.4 (95.7) | 36.1 (97.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) | 17.4 (63.3) | 19.2 (66.6) | 20.7 (69.3) | 22.4 (72.3) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.2 (73.8) | 18.8 (65.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 20.7 (69.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) | 11.4 (52.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.5 (67.1) | 18.3 (64.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 11.0 (51.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 7.0 (44.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.02) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.8 (0.11) | 53.5 (2.11) | 175.9 (6.93) | 274.6 (10.81) | 214.3 (8.44) | 60.2 (2.37) | 6.6 (0.26) | 0.1 (0.00) | 788.6 (31.05) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 10.3 | 14.8 | 12.9 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 46.7 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||
# Rodreck Mutuma

Rodreck Mutuma (born 5 April 1988) is a Zimbabwean footballer currently playing with Saint-Éloi Lupopo in the Linafoot. He also plays for the Zimbabwe national team.
Rodi, born in Mvuma. At Athens mine compound where he grew up. Early education at Njerere primary school and Leopold Takawira high school.

## Club

Mutuma started his career with Zimbabwe Premier Soccer League side Dynamos in 2011. He stayed with Dynamos until 2013, when he joined South African Premier Soccer League club Bloemfontein Celtic. He made 14 appearances and scored two goals over two seasons for Bloem Celtic. In April 2014, it was claimed that Mutuma had rejoined former club Dynamos on a one-year contract after Bloem Celtic ended his contract. However, it was revealed in May that the South African club hadn't officially released him and therefore he couldn't be signed as a free agent for Dynamos.
Mutuma had a trial with Moroka Swallows in June but failed to win a contract. He subsequently rejoined Dynamos in Zimbabwe after his situation with Bloem Celtic was cleared by FIFA. He remained with Dynamos until 31 December 2014 when he left following the expiration of his contract. Two months later, Mutuma agreed to join CAPS United on a two-year contract. However, in May 2015 Mutuma was again on the move as he quit CAPS United, citing unpaid wages and bonuses. He then joined Dynamos for the third time in his career on 11 July.

## International

Mutuma has received 7 caps for the Zimbabwe national team. His debut came in 2013 in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Egypt, and he has gone on to make six more appearances for Zimbabwe. He scored his first and second international goal in a 2016 African Nations Championship qualifier first leg against Lesotho on 18 October 2015. In the second leg, seven days later, Mutuma scored his third international goal.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of 19 June 2016.
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Zimbabwe | 2013 | 2 | 0 |
| Zimbabwe | 2014 | 0 | 0 |
| Zimbabwe | 2015 | 2 | 3 |
| Zimbabwe | 2016 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 7 | 3 |

### International goals

    As of 19 June 2016. Scores and results list Zimbabwe's goal tally first.
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 18 October 2015 | Barbourfields Stadium, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe | Lesotho | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2016 African Nations Championship qualification |
| 2 | 18 October 2015 | Barbourfields Stadium, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe | Lesotho | 2–0 | 3–1 | 2016 African Nations Championship qualification |
| 3 | 25 October 2015 | Setsoto Stadium, Maseru, Lesotho | Lesotho | 1–0 | 1–1 | 2016 African Nations Championship qualification |

## Honours
### Club
#### Dynamos

* Zimbabwe Premier Soccer League (3): 2011, 2012, 2014,
# Wygoda, Łódź East County

Wygoda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brójce, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Aasi Ghazipuri

Shah Muhammad Abdul Aleem Aasi (21 December 1834 – 24 January 1917) better known as Aasi Ghazipuri was an Indian Sufi mystic and Poet of Urdu-language. He was a contemporary of Altaf Hussain Hali, Hafeez Jalandhari and Zafar Ali Khan. He was the teacher of Fani Ghazipuri, a known poet of Urdu-language and was one of poet who was praised by Firaq Gorakhpuri and Majnun Gorakhpuri.

## Early life and education

Muhammad Abdul Aleem Aasi was born on 21 December 1834 at Sikandarpur, Ballia district, United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) into a well-educated family. He was a student of Nasikh school.
He received his early education under the tutelage of his maternal grandfather and then he went to Jaunpur and studied under Maulana Abdul Haleem Firangi Mahali.

## Works

* Ghazipuri, Aasi (1983). Abdali, Dr. Taiyab (ed.). Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Aasi Ghazipuri (in Urdu) (1st ed.). Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy.

## Death

He died on 24 January 1917 at Ghazipur, United Provinces.
# Zalim Singh II

Zalim Singh II was the Maharaj Rana of Jhalawar in the British Raj from 1875 until his deposition in 1896.

## Birth

Zalim Singh, originally born as Bakht Singh in 1864, was the son of Kesari Singh, the second son of Thakur Rai Singh of Wadhwan.

## Education

He was educated at the Mayo College in Ajmer.

## Adoption

Maharaj Rana Prithvi Singh of Jhalawar, who had no male child of his own, adopted Bakht Singh, aged 9, from the Jhala family of Wadhwan, in 1873. Bakht Singh was related to him in the ninth degree.

## Succession

When Maharaj Rana Prithvi Singh died on 29 August 1875, the question of succession remained undecided for some time due to the rumored pregnancy of his widow; however, no child was born to her. On 1 June 1876, Bakht Singh was acknowledged as the successor to the late Prithvi Singh and was installed as the Maharaj Rana of Jhalawar on 24 June 1876. On this occasion, he took the name Zalim Singh in accordance with family custom.

## Reign

At the time of his accession, he was a minor, so the state was placed under the superintendence of a British officer. On his coming of age in November 1883, he was invested with full administrative powers over his state on 21 February 1884. However, he had to follow certain rules: he needed to consult the Political Agent about important matters and heed his advice, and he had to obtain the Political Agent's approval before making any significant changes or altering the current operations. But he failed to administer his government in accordance with these principles. In September 1887, the Government of India withdrew his powers and restored the arrangements that were in force during his minority. In November 1992, he was again entrusted with some departments of the administration, when he promised reform. However, he failed to govern the state properly and was deposed on 22 March 1896.
Following this, he went on to live in Varanasi on a pension of £2,000 (Rs. 30,000), and the administration of the state was placed in the hands of a British resident. A major portion of the territories ceded by the Kota State by the Treaty of 1838 to form the Jhalawar State was reverted to them in 1897, as Zalim Singh I's heirs and successors had failed after his deposition. With the remaining portion, a new state was formed, of which Bhawani Singh was made the first ruler in 1899.

## Marriages

He married twice: first, in 1886, to a sister of Maharaja Sir Sadul Singh of Kishangarh, and secondly, a few months later, to a daughter of the Thakur of Limri from the Gohil family in Kathiawar. He had no children.

## Death

He died in Varanasi on the 8 October 1912.
# Allicin

Allicin is an organosulfur compound obtained from garlic and leeks. When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, which is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic. Allicin is unstable and quickly changes into a series of other sulfur-containing compounds such as diallyl disulfide. Allicin is an antifeedant, i.e. the defense mechanism against attacks by pests on the garlic plant.
Allicin is an oily, slightly yellow liquid that gives garlic its distinctive odor. It is a thioester of sulfenic acid. It is also known as allyl thiosulfinate. Its biological activity can be attributed to both its antioxidant activity and its reaction with thiol-containing proteins.

## Structure and occurrence

Allicin features the thiosulfinate functional group, R-S-(O)-S-R. The compound is not present in garlic unless tissue damage occurs, and is formed by the action of the enzyme alliinase on alliin. Allicin is chiral but occurs naturally only as a racemate. The racemic form can also be generated by oxidation of diallyl disulfide:
    (SCH$_2$CH=CH$_2$)$_2$ + 2 RCO$_3$H + H$_2$O → 2 CH$_2$=CHCH$_2$SOH + 2 RCO$_2$H
    2 CH$_2$=CHCH$_2$SOH → CH$_2$=CHCH$_2$S(O)SCH$_2$CH=CH$_2$ + H$_2$O
Alliinase is irreversibly deactivated below pH 3; as such, allicin is generally not produced in the body from the consumption of fresh or powdered garlic. Furthermore, allicin can be unstable, breaking down within 16 hours at 23 °C.

### Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of allicin commences with the conversion of cysteine into S-allyl-L-cysteine. Oxidation of this thioether gives the sulfoxide (alliin). The enzyme alliinase, which contains pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), cleaves alliin, generating allylsulfenic acid (CH$_2$=CHCH$_2$SOH), pyruvate, and ammonium ions. At room temperature, two molecules of allylsulfenic acid condense to form allicin.

## Research

Allicin has been studied for its potential to treat various kinds of multiple drug resistance bacterial infections, as well as viral and fungal infections in vitro, but as of 2016, the safety and efficacy of allicin to treat infections in people was unclear.
A Cochrane review found there to be insufficient clinical evidence regarding the effects of allicin in preventing or treating common cold.

## History

It was first isolated and studied in the laboratory by Chester J. Cavallito and John Hays Bailey in 1944. Allicin was discovered as part of efforts to create thiamine derivatives in the 1940s, mainly in Japan. Allicin became a model for medicinal chemistry efforts to create other thiamine disulfides. The results included sulbutiamine, fursultiamine (thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide) and benfothiamine. These compounds are hydrophobic, easily pass from the intestines to the bloodstream, and are reduced to thiamine by cysteine or glutathione.$^{:302}$
# Battle of Lake Benacus

The Battle of Lake Benacus was fought along the banks of Lake Garda in northern Italy, which was known to the Romans as Benacus, in 268 or early 269, between the army under the command of the Roman Emperor Claudius II and the Germanic tribes of the Alamanni and Juthungi.

## Background

Ιn 268, the Alamanni, who had been making incursions into Roman territory since the reign of Marcus Aurelius, had broken through the Roman frontier at the Danube and crossed the Alps. The power struggles in Mediolanum due to Aureolus' revolt, the murder of Emperor Gallienus and the resulting confrontation between Aureolus and Claudius, who had been nominated as emperor by Gallienus on his death bed, forced the Romans to denude the frontier of troops. Having defeated and killed Aureolus in a siege on Mediolanum, Claudius led his army, together with the remnants of Aureolus' force, north to confront the Germans.

## Battle

Details of the battle are unknown, but future Emperor Aurelian was present at the battle. After what was described as a decisive victory, Claudius assumed the title Germanicus Maximus. Much of the German force was slaughtered on the field with the remainder retreating beyond the bounds of the Empire.

## Aftermath

Claudius returned to Rome after the battle to attend to affairs of state. The Alemanni returned to Italy in 271 and won a victory against Emperor Aurelian at the Battle of Placentia before their ultimate defeat in the Battle of Fano.
# Tarrant

Tarrant may refer to:

## Places
### United Kingdom

* River Tarrant, a river in Dorset, after which several villages are named:
** Tarrant Crawford, Dorset
** Tarrant Gunville, Dorset
** Tarrant Hinton, Dorset
** Tarrant Keyneston, Dorset
** Tarrant Launceston, Dorset
** Tarrant Monkton, Dorset
** Tarrant Rawston, Dorset
** Tarrant Rushton, Dorset
* Tarrant Abbey, Dorset
* Hill Forts and Upper Tarrants (ward)
* Hurstbourne Tarrant, Hampshire, with associations to Tarrant Abbey

### United States

* Tarrant, Alabama
* Tarrant, Wisconsin
* Tarrant County, Texas

## People

* Ambrose Tarrant (1866–1938), Australian cricketer
* Blair Tarrant (born 1990), New Zealand field hockey player
* Brenton Tarrant (born 1990), Australian mass shooter
* Chris Tarrant (born 1946), British radio broadcaster and television presenter
* Chris Tarrant (footballer) (born 1980), Australian footballer
* Colin Tarrant (1952–2012), British actor
* Dick Tarrant (born 1931), American basketball coach
* Dorothy Tarrant (1885–1973), professor of Greek
* Frank Tarrant (1880–1951), Australian cricketer
* George Tarrant (1838–1870), English cricketer
* George Tarrant Sr. (1838–1904), American politician
* Ingrid Tarrant (born 1954), English television presenter
* Jeffrey Tarrant (1956-2019), American businessman
* John Tarrant (athlete) (1932–1975), English long-distance runner
* John Tarrant (bishop) (1952-2020), American Episcopal Bishop
* Louis Tarrant (1903–?), Australian cricketer
* Margaret Tarrant (1888–1959), English illustrator and children's author
* R. J. Tarrant, American classicist
* Richard Tarrant (politician) (born 1942), American businessman and politician
* Robbie Tarrant (born 1989), Australian footballer
* Shawn Z. Tarrant (born 1965), American politician
* Tom Tarrant (born 1931), Australian footballer
* Walter George Tarrant (1875–1942), English developer and builder
* William Tarrant (?–1872), British Hong Kong civil servant and journalist

## Fictional characters

* Del Tarrant, a character from Blake's 7, played by Steven Pacey
# Bülent Tekin

Bülent Tekin (born 15 February 1954), Kurdish poet and writer, Turkish citizen. In the 1970s he wrote two novels (“Son” and “Money”), a collection of “Social Poems”, and a research document on the socialism in Allende's Chile, all four of which were confiscated by the police, thus “lost” and unpublished. He contributed to Gırgır, a leading satirical journal. Tekin prepared a TV program of political analysis for Dijle TV. He is married with two children.

## Childhood

He was born in the town called Derik, where he began primary school. Soon his father Abdülaziz Tekin (Azîzê Pîrê) decided to send him to a school in Mardin for a better education. Thanks to the friendship between their families, Bülent Tekin and Murathan Mungan (also a poet and novelist) became childhood friends. Tekin attended two years of middle school in Ankara and the third year in Çermik. He finished high school in Diyarbakır, at Ziya Gökalp Lisesi.

## Literary Life

He was impressed by the stories and tales he was told in his childhood and he started to write. At Primary School (Mardin Ebul’ula Ilkokulu) he won the first prize for writing a composition, organized by the Governorship of Mardin. He began writing poems in high school. He wrote two novels at university, while also writing poetry.

## Politics

In the 1970s he was an active member of Istanbul Cultural Association of Higher Education (İYÖKD). He focussed on the Kurdish question. Due to several obstacles, he did not graduate from either the Chemistry Department or the Faculty of Law. He took place on the stage of Kurdistan Revolutinory and at the beginning of the PKK. During the mid 1970s he was active in the movement called The Voice of the Kurdistan Revolution. (KDS)

## Works

* Kızıldan Sarıya, (From Red to Yellow), Poetry
* Tarih Tarih Olsun, (Let History be History), Poetry
* Sevdanla Yaşayacaksan, (If you will live with your Love), Poetry
* Kral Situ’nun Hikâyesi, (King Situ's Story), Novel
* Barışla Güzeldir Sevdam, (My Love is Beautiful with Peace), Poetry
* Feyyo’nun Felsefesi, (Feyyo's Philosophy), Novel
* Ölümü Vurmak Güneşi Öpmek, (Shooting Death and Kissing the Sun), Poetry
* Bir Türkiye Çıkmazı, (Deadend specific to Turkey), Essays
* Kartal Yuvası-Mardin Tarihçedir, (Eagle's Nest-Mardin is History), Historical Novel
* Köpekleşmenin Şerefi, (Honour of Becoming a Dog), Satire
* Vatan Millet Diyarbakır, (Homeland Nation Diyarbakır), Satire
* Kürt Sorunu Ve Sayılmayan İsyanlar, (Kurdish Question and the Uprises not considered), Analysis
* Ana Tanrıçadan Modern Köleye, (From The Mother Goddess To The Modern Slave) Essays