OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# AD 115

Year 115 (CXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Vergilianus (or, less frequently, year 868 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 115 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Trajan is cut off in southern Mesopotamia after his invasion of that region.
* Trajan captures the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon.
* The Diaspora Revolt erupts almost simultaneously across various Jewish Diaspora communities in the empire's east, including Egypt, Libya and Cyprus.
* Alexandria in Egypt is damaged during the Jewish-Greek civil wars. Marcus Rutilius Lupus, the Roman governor, sends Legio XXII Deiotariana to protect the inhabitants of Memphis.
* A revolt breaks out in Britain; the garrison at Eboracum (York) is massacred.
* The Pantheon of Agrippa is reconstructed in Rome.

#### Asia

* An earthquake destroys Apamea and Antioch in Syria. The local bishop is held responsible (he will be martyred and remembered as St. Ignatius).

### By topic
#### Religion

* Pope Sixtus I succeeds Alexander I as the seventh pope of Rome (according to Catholic biographies).

## Births

* Pausanias, Greek historian and geographer (d. 180)
* Shun of Han, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (d. 144)

## Deaths

* Alexander I, bishop of Rome (approximate date)
* Dio Chrysostom, Greek philosopher and historian (b. AD 40)
# Runyon Lake

Runyon Lake (formerly known as Fountain Lakes) is located in Pueblo, Colorado. It was originally used as a dredge pond for the Rocky Mountain Steel Mill, it is approximately 35 acres (14 ha) in size, and is fed by the Arkansas River.
It is used solely for fishing and is stocked by the Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Boating is restricted to hand launched craft under 15 feet (4.6 m) in length (including float tubes and personal pontoons). Boats may be propelled by hand, wind, or electric motors only. Ice fishing, swimming, open fires and camping are all prohibited.

## Fish

Runyon Lake is home to several different fish species. Included species are white crappie, green sunfish, bluegill, black bullhead, saugeye, channel catfish, large mouth bass and rainbow trout. The lake has previously held the record in Colorado for the biggest catfish catch. The catfish was 38.5 inches long and weighed 29.5 pounds.
# Pandigai

Pandigai (transl. Festival) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by debutant Feroz and produced by his wife Vijayalakshmi Ahathian. The film stars Krishna and Anandhi, while Saravanan, Pandi, Karunas, Madhusudhan Rao, and Arjai play supporting roles. The music was composed by R. H. Vikram with cinematography by Aravind. The film was released on 14 July 2017 and received positive reviews from critics.

## Plot

Velu is a waiter at a holiday resort in Chennai who wants to make enough money to pay for his working permit to work abroad. However, he has had a traumatic childhood. After the death of his parents, his uncle and aunt sent him to boarding school, where he was initially bullied. In order to survive in the new, harsh environment, he learns to fight to protect himself. As a young adult, he moves to the city to start a new life. As poor, single, and young men, Velu and his roommate, Tirupathi, face many hardships in the city. They eventually meet Muni, an agent for an underground fight club. After seeing Velu win a fight at a bar, Muni introduces him to the ruthless owner of the fight club, Natwar Dada. Velu slowly rises up the ranks and becomes one of the city's best underground fighters. Velu then meets a girl named Kavya and plans to stop fighting in order to be with her, but first, he needs to make enough money to escape his current life. Velu also needs money to get his house back. Together, they hatch a plan to rig Velu's next fight with Victor, the city's top underground fighter. However, things do not quite turn out as planned.

## Cast

* Krishna as Velu
* Anandhi as Kavya
* Saravanan as Muni
* Pandi as Tirupathi
* Karunas as Rattinam Kumar / Elango
* Madhusudhan Rao as Natwar Dada
* Arjai as Victor
* Nithin Sathya as Mundhiri Settu
* Shanmugarajan as Police Officer
* Aruldoss as Feeling Suresh
* Senthi Kumari as Muni's wife
* Lokesh as Pandi
* Aathma Patrick

## Production

The makers of the film initially narrated the script to Vikram Prabhu, but his unavailability meant that Krishna was signed on to play the lead role, with Nithin Sathya and Karunas selected to essay supporting roles. Pandigai began shoot in early June 2015, with Anandhi added to the cast to play the heroine. Nithin Sathya essays the role of Mundhiri Settu. Release of this movie is postponed from 7 July 2017 to a week later 14 July 2017.

## Release

The satellite rights of the film were sold to Vasanth TV. Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion wrote "Midway, Pandigai changes genre. It becomes a heist movie. Instead of settling down with the (oft-told) story of a fighter, why not give us the (oft-shown) mechanics of a heist? Double the genre and halve the clichés."
# 1457

Year 1457 (MCDLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### January–December

* February 11 – After years of captivity and absence from the Ming throne, the Zhengtong Emperor of China is reinstated, as the Tianshun Emperor.
* February 24 – Charles VIII of Sweden is declared deposed. The Archbishop of Sweden, Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, and statesman Erik Axelsson Tott become co-regents of Sweden. The throne is then offered to Christian I of Denmark and Norway.
* March 6 – King James II of Scotland decrees that ". . . ye futebawe and ye golf be uterly cryt done and not usyt . . ", the first historical mention of the game of golf.
* April 12 – Ştefan cel Mare secures the throne of Moldavia, which he retains for the next 47 years.
* June 23 – Christian I is elected king of Sweden, ending the war between Sweden and Denmark and restoring the Kalmar Union.
* June 29 – The Dutch city of Dordrecht is devastated by fire.
* August 14 – The Mainz Psalter, the second major book printed with movable type in the West, the first to be wholly finished mechanically (including colour), and the first to carry a printed date, is printed for the Elector of Mainz.
* September 2 – Battle of Ujëbardha: One of Skanderbeg's most important victories is won against the Ottoman army, in the open field.

### Date unknown

* Albrechts University is founded at Freiburg im Breisgau.
* Edo Castle is built by Ōta Dōkan in modern-day Tokyo.

## Births

* January 18 – Antonio Trivulzio, seniore, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1508)
* January 28 – King Henry VII of England (d. 1509)
* February 2 – Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, Italo-Spanish historian and diplomat (d. 1526)
* February 13 – Mary of Burgundy, sovereign duchess regnant of Burgundy, married to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1482)
* August 20 – Seongjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1494)
* September 21 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria, Polish princess (d. 1502)
* November 16 – Beatrice of Naples, Hungarian queen (d. 1508)
* date unknown – Richard Grey, English knight, half brother of Edward V (executed 1483)
* probable
** Sebastian Brant, German humanist and satirist (d. 1521)
** Filippino Lippi, Florentine painter (d. 1504)
** Jacob Obrecht, Dutch composer (d. 1505)
** Thomas West, 8th Baron De La Warr (d. 1525)

## Deaths

* March 14 – Jingtai Emperor of China (b. 1428)
* March 16 – László Hunyadi, Hungarian statesman and warrior (b. 1433)
* May 22 – Saint Rita of Cascia, Italian saint (b. 1381)
* August 1 – Lorenzo Valla, Italian humanist
* August 19 – Andrea del Castagno, Italian painter (b. 1421)
* September 12 – Gabriele Sforza, Archbishop of Milan (b. 1423)
* September 14 – Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach, countess consort of Hanau (b. 1432)
* September 22 – Peter II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1418)
* November 3 – Ludwig II, Count of Württemberg-Urach, German noble (b. 1439)
* November 23 – King Ladislaus Posthumus of Bohemia and Hungary (b. 1440)
* December 24 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (b. 1441)
* date unknown
** Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza, ruler of Khurasan (b. 1422)
** Bartolomeu Perestrello, Portuguese navigator and explorer (b. 1395)
# AD 55

AD 55 (LV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Vetus (or, less frequently, year 808 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 55 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Nero becomes a Roman Consul.
* The Roman jurist Sabinus writes three books on the rights of citizens.

### By topic
#### Religion

* The apostle Paul writes his First Epistle to the Corinthians.

## Births

* Epictetus, Greek-Roman philosopher (d. 135)

## Deaths

* February 11 – Britannicus, son of Claudius (b. AD 41)
* Antonia Tryphaena, Roman client queen (b. 10 BC)
* Izates bar Monobaz, Parthian client king (b. c. AD 1)
# The Lucifer Principle

The Lucifer Principle is a 1995 book by American author Howard Bloom, in which he argues that social groups, not individuals, are the primary "unit of selection" on genes and human psychological development. He states that both competition between groups and competition between individuals shape the evolution of the genome. Bloom "explores the intricate relationships among genetics, human behavior, and culture" and argues that "evil is a by-product of nature's strategies for creation and that it is woven into our most basic biological fabric". It sees selection (e.g., through violent competition) as central to the creation of the "superorganism" of society. It also focuses on competition between individuals for position in the "pecking order" and competition between groups for standing in pecking orders of groups. The Lucifer Principle shows how ideas are vital in creating cohesion and cooperation in these pecking order battles. In the book, Bloom writes: "Superorganism, ideas and the pecking order...these are the primary forces behind much of human creativity and earthly good."

## Reception of the book

Reviews of the book saw it as "ambitious" and "disturbing" in its conclusions that societies based on individual freedom might succumb to systems such as bureaucratic Communism or Islamic fundamentalism. The Washington Post said that "Readers will be mesmerized by the mirror Bloom holds to the human condition... He draws on a dozen years of research into a jungle of scholarly fields...and meticulously supports every bit of information...." while Chet Raymo in The Boston Globe termed it "a string of rhetorical firecrackers that challenge our many forms of self-righteousness".

## Bloom responds to Islamic issues

Bloom later wrote that he and his publisher had been threatened by Islamic groups who objected to aspects of the book. He claimed that "Arab pressure groups asked ever so politely that The Lucifer Principle be withdrawn from print and that nothing that I write be published again. They offered to boycott my publisher's products—all of them—worldwide. And they backed their warning with a call for my punishment in seventeen Islamic countries." Bloom states that the attorney for the Authors Guild wrote to his publishers, warning of an author boycott if the book was pulled from the shelves. The publishers asked Bloom to rewrite a chapter on Islamic violence, which led to the creation of 358 lines of footnotes attesting to the facts he presented within it, documenting that what Bloom wrote about Islam in The Lucifer Principle is based on expertise.
# Russell Sage Wildlife Management Area

Russell Sage Wildlife Management Area, also referred to as Russell Sage WMA, is a 38,213-acre (15,464 ha) protected area in Caldwell, Morehouse, Ouachita, and Richland Parishes, Louisiana. It was the first WMA owned by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries upon purchasing 15,000 acres of property in 1960. The WMA is located about seven miles east of Monroe and 10 miles west of Rayville. The 2,767-acre Kennedy Tract was purchased in 2015. There are 2,955 acres owned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1,240 acres owned by the Ouachita Parish School Board, and 13,332 acre Ouachita WMA that was consolidated in 2015.
# SK Horní Měcholupy

SK Horní Měcholupy is a Czech football club located in Prague-Horní Měcholupy. It currently plays in the Prague Championship.
In 2018, the men's team closed down due to financial problems and now the club plays only youth competitions

## Honours

* Czech Fourth Division (fourth tier)
** Champions Divize A 2011–12
* Prague Championship (fifth tier)
** Champions 2004–05, 2006–07
# Gayle Moran

Gayle Moran (born 1943) is an American vocalist, keyboardist, and songwriter. She is from Spring Arbor, Michigan and graduated from Spring Arbor High School (now Spring Arbor University) in 1961. She was a member of the Mahavishnu Orchestra during the mid-1970s, appearing on Apocalypse (1974) and Visions of the Emerald Beyond (1975).
She later appeared on multiple recordings by her husband Chick Corea (whom she married in 1972): Return to Forever's 1977 album Musicmagic, the Chick Corea solo albums The Leprechaun (1975), My Spanish Heart (1976), Mad Hatter (1978), Secret Agent (1978) and Touchstone (1982). She participated in the making of "Afterlife" from the soundtrack to the 2007 film War starring Jet Li and Jason Statham.
Other guest appearances include "The Gracious Core", on Mark Isham's album Castalia, and the title track from the 1976 David Sancious & Tone release, Transformation (The Speed of Love).
She recorded one album under her own name, I Loved You Then ... I Love You Now (1979).
She appeared on Chick Corea's Antidote (2019) album, with The Spanish Heart Band and Rubén Blades.
# Lytton Strachey: A Critical Biography

Lytton Strachey: A Critical Biography is a 1967–68 two-volume biography of Lytton Strachey by Michael Holroyd, often seen as the author's magnum opus. He published a revised version in 1994 with a revised subtitle, The New Biography.

## Publication

Robert Lescher, vice president of Holt, Rinehart & Winston, contracted English biographer Michael Holroyd around 1961 to write a biography of Lytton Strachey. Over the next six years, it became a two-volume release. Lescher helped Holroyd secure grant funding for his work from the Saxton and Bollingen Foundations. By the time the book was published, Lescher had left the position to become a literary agent. Lytton Strachey's brother, James, gave Holroyd permission to use previously unpublished work.
The Strachey biography's first of two volumes, The Unknown Years 1880–1910, was released in 1967. The second volume, The Years of Achievement 1910–1932, arrived the next year. He revisited the work by popular request and in 1971 released two revised volumes for Penguin Press: Lytton Strachey: A Biography and Lytton Strachey and the Bloomsbury Group. After writing on Augustus John and Bernard Shaw, in 1994, Holroyd again revised the biography into a single volume, Lytton Strachey: The New Biography. The last release addressed new findings in the quarter-century since the first release, and the previously private information of Strachey's friends became publishable as they died. Lytton Strachey's brother, James, who had given Holroyd permission to use previously unpublished work, originally disagreed with some of Holroyd's passages in the first release, and Holroyd gave him reprieve by publishing the brother's disagreements as footnotes in the text. James died before the first release was published, and the footnotes were removed from the later edition. The 1994 edition also truncated his commentary on Strachey's work, including shorter treatments of each individual book and a new overview of Strachey's Eminent Victorians where there had previously been chapter analyses.

## Reception

The biography's initial reception was positive, with particular praise for how Holroyd navigated Strachey's personal life.

## Legacy

Though Holroyd would write other biographies, his two-volume release on Strachey became the biographer's magnum opus. Holroyd's biography, Hilton Kramer wrote, "radically altered" common understandings of the Bloomsbury Group and modern English culture. The long-yet-engrossing story made the vast prior library on the Bloomsbury group obsolete; such were its revelations. Still, Kramer retrospectively criticised its ornate and wordy prose, and considered Holroyd's mid-1970s Augustus John biography to be of a higher writing quality.
# Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae

Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae (Croatian: Psihologija, o naravi ljudske duše) is a work by Marko Marulić, a Croatian Renaissance humanist written between 1510 and 1517. It is the earliest known literary reference to "psychology" in the history of the discipline.
# Pranava Veda

Pranava Veda may be:
* following the Bhagavata Purana (9.14.48), the notion that in a primeval state, "Om was the Veda"
* allegedly, a "fifth Veda" followed by the Vishwakarma (caste)
* a notion of an "original Veda" of Mamuni Mayan
* a misspelling for Pranava-Vāda
# Chapter 8 (American Horror Story)

"Chapter 8" is the eighth episode of the sixth season of the anthology television series American Horror Story. It aired on November 2, 2016, on the cable network FX. The episode was written by Todd Kubrak and directed by Gwyneth Horder-Payton.

## Plot

Thomasin and the colonists' ghosts begin to surround the house and start their attack. As Shelby and Dominic attempt to escape, Shelby can no longer handle her guilt after murdering Matt and commits suicide.
At their family compound, the Polks continue torturing Lee, Audrey, and Monet as retribution for kidnapping their grandchildren. As Mama and her reluctant son, Jether begin to butcher flesh from Lee's leg and Audrey having one of her teeth ripped out, while the matriarch explains how and why the Polks first resorted to cannibalism. Eventually, Audrey and Lee fight back, killing Mama and Jether, and escape back to the farmhouse using the secret passageway, leaving Monet in the wilderness.
Back at the house, the two women come across Matt's body, much to Lee's grief. In the upstairs bedroom, Audrey tries to comfort Lee while nursing her back to health. Audrey finds Shelby's dead body, and a fierce argument erupts among the three of them. Lee blames Dominic for being responsible for the deaths of her brother and sister-in-law and locks himself out of the bedroom in the hallway, where he is murdered by the Piggy Man.
The next morning, Lee convinces Audrey that they have to go back to the Polk family compound to retrieve the video evidence of their torture by the Polks as proof of their story. Despite Audrey's protests, they agree to do so but just as they approach the front door to leave, they are confronted by a person dressed in a Piggy Man costume who turns out to be Dylan, the re-enactor who portrayed Ambrose White, much to the women's surprise.

## Reception

"Chapter 8" was watched by 2.20 million people during its original broadcast, and gained a 1.2 ratings share among adults aged 18–49.
The episode received mixed reviews from critics. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds a 63% approval rating, based on 16 reviews with an average score of 6.3/10. Tom Philips of The New York Observer wrote that the episode's "reliance on heavy gross-outs and strong character beats lead to what has to kindly be called a mixed bag". In contrast, Emily L. Stephens of The A.V. Club was more positive, writing, "The grimness of "Chapter 8" is leavened by flickers of tenderness, some of it from unexpected quarters."
# T. Sasitharan

Thirunalan Sasitharan (born 23 February 1958; also known as T. Sasitharan) is a Singaporean theatre educator and the co-founder and director of Intercultural Theatre Institute (ITI), formerly known as the Theatre Training & Research Programme (TTRP).

## Life and career

For more than 30 years, Sasitharan, has been actively involved as an actor, director and producer in the Singapore theatre scene.
From 1983 to 1989, he taught philosophy at the National University of Singapore.
He was the theatre and visual art critic with The Straits Times from 1988 to 1996, where he also served as the arts editor for the ‘Life!’ Section. He had 14 articles ranging from commentaries on Singapore culture and the arts to reviews of performances, exhibitions, talks and catalogue entries published both in Singapore and overseas.
He then became the second Artistic Director of The Substation from April 1996 to August 2000 before he founded ITI with the late Kuo Pao Kun in 2000. ITI is now a private school under the Committee for Private Education.
In 2015, Sasitharan starred in the segment "The Flame" of omnibus film 7 Letters.

## Personal life

Sasitharan is married to Kavita Kumari Ratty, an associate director at a university research institute. The couple have 2 daughters.

## Awards and honours

In 2012, he was awarded the Cultural Medallion, the highest award for the arts in Singapore.
In 2022, he received the Harvard Club of Singapore Fellow Award for his contributions to the development of arts and culture in Singapore.
# Richard Dorrego

Richard Andrés Dorrego Coito (born 1 February 1995) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cerro Largo in the Uruguayan Primera División.
# Practical Ethics

Practical Ethics, a 1979 book by the moral philosopher Peter Singer, is an introduction to applied ethics.

## Summary

Singer analyzes, in detail, why and how beings' interests should be weighed. In his view, a being's interests should always be weighed according to that being's concrete properties, and not according to its belonging to some abstract group. Singer studies a number of ethical issues including race, sex, ability, species, abortion, euthanasia, infanticide, embryo experimentation, the moral status of animals, political violence, overseas aid, and whether we have an obligation to assist others. The 1993 second edition adds chapters on refugees, the environment, equality and disability, embryo experimentation, and the treatment of academics in Germany. A third edition published in 2011 omits the chapter on refugees, and contains a new chapter on climate change.

## Reception

Practical Ethics is widely read and was described as "an excellent text for an introductory ethics course" by the philosopher John Martin Fischer. The philosopher James Rachels recommended the book "as an introduction centered on such practical issues as abortion, racism, and so forth." The philosopher Mylan Engel called the book "must reading for anyone interested in living an ethical life."
H. L. A. Hart's review of the first edition in The New York Review of Books was mixed. While writing that "The utility of this utilitarian's book to students of its subject can hardly be exaggerated", Hart also criticized Practical Ethics for philosophical inconsistency in its chapter on abortion. He argues that Singer insufficiently explains how preference and classical utilitarianism each view abortion, and does not bring out their differences.