# 1792–93 United States Senate elections

The 1792–93 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1792 and 1793, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in Class 2.
Formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of Senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the Senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party.

## Results summary

Senate party division, 3rd Congress (1793–1795)
* Majority party: Pro-Administration Party (16)
* Minority party: Anti-Administration Party (13)
* Other parties: 0
* Total seats: 30
* Vacant: 1 (later filled by Pro-Administration)

## Change in composition

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.
Virginia's elections are considered a single race here.

### Before the elections

After the June 1792 admission of Kentucky.
| A$_5$ | A$_4$ | A$_3$ | A$_2$ | A$_1$ |
| A$_6$ | A$_7$ Ga. Ran | A$_8$ Ky. Ran | A$_9$ N.H. Ran | A$_{10}$ R.I. Unknown | A$_{11}$ S.C. Ran | A$_{12}$ Va. Resigned/Ran | V$_1$ Pa. | P$_{15}$ N.C. Ran | P$_{17}$ N.J. Retired |
| P$_{17}$ N.J. Retired |||||
| P$_6$ | P$_7$ | P$_8$ | P$_9$ | P$_{10}$ | P$_{11}$ | P$_{12}$ | P$_{16}$ Del. Unknown | P$_{13}$ Md. (sp) Resigned | P$_{14}$ Mass. Ran |
| P$_5$ | P$_4$ | P$_3$ | P$_2$ | P$_1$ |

### Results of the election

| A$_5$ | A$_4$ | A$_3$ | A$_2$ | A$_1$ |
| A$_6$ | A$_7$ Ga. Hold | A$_8$ Ky. Re-elected | A$_9$ N.C. Gain | A$_{10}$ S.C. Re-elected | A$_{11}$ Va. Ran/Re-elected | V$_1$ Pa. | P$_{18}$ R.I. Gain | P$_{16}$ N.J. Hold | P$_{17}$ N.H. Gain |
| P$_{17}$ N.H. Gain |||||
| P$_6$ | P$_7$ | P$_8$ | P$_9$ | P$_{10}$ | P$_{11}$ | P$_{12}$ | P$_{15}$ Del. Hold | P$_{13}$ Md. (sp) Hold | P$_{14}$ Mass. Re-elected |
| P$_5$ | P$_4$ | P$_3$ | P$_2$ | P$_1$ |

### Beginning of the next Congress

Two Pro-Administration senators (Benjamin Hawkins of North Carolina and John Langdon of New Hampshire) changed to Anti-Administration.
The vacant seat in Pennsylvania was filled February 28, 1793 by an Anti-Administration senator.
| A$_5$ | A$_4$ | A$_3$ | A$_2$ | A$_1$ |
| A$_6$ | A$_7$ | A$_8$ | A$_9$ | A$_{10}$ | A$_{11}$ | A$_{12}$ N.H. (cl. 1) Changed | A$_{13}$ N.C. (cl. 3) Changed | A$_{14}$ Pa. Late | P$_{16}$ |
| P$_{16}$ |||||
| P$_6$ | P$_7$ | P$_8$ | P$_9$ | P$_{10}$ | P$_{11}$ | P$_{12}$ | P$_{13}$ | P$_{14}$ | P$_{15}$ |
| P$_5$ | P$_4$ | P$_3$ | P$_2$ | P$_1$ |
| Key: | A$_#$ Anti-Administration P$_#$ Pro-Administration V$_#$ Vacant |

## Race summaries
### Elections during the 2nd Congress

In these elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1793; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Kentucky (Class 2) | None (new state) | None (new state) | None (new state) | Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792. Winner elected June 18, 1792. Anti-Administration gain. | ▌Y John Brown (Anti-Admin.) 100% |
| Kentucky (Class 3) | None (new state) | None (new state) | None (new state) | Kentucky was admitted to the Union June 1, 1792. Winner elected June 18, 1792. Anti-Administration gain. | ▌Y John Edwards (Anti-Admin.) [data missing] |
| Virginia (Class 2) | Richard Henry Lee | Anti-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent resigned October 8, 1792. Winner elected October 18, 1792. Anti-Administration hold. | ▌Y John Taylor (Anti-Admin.) 55.56% (90 votes) ▌Arthur Lee (Unknown) 24.07% (39 votes) ▌Francis Corbin (Unknown) 20.37% (33 votes) |
| Maryland (Class 1) | Charles Carroll | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent resigned November 30, 1792. Winner elected January 10, 1793. Pro-Administration hold. | ▌Y Richard Potts (Pro-Admin.) [data missing] |
| Pennsylvania (Class 1) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Legislature failed to elect in 1791–1792, leaving the seat vacant. Winner elected February 28, 1793. Anti-Administration gain. | ▌Y Albert Gallatin (Anti-Admin.) 54.88% (45 votes) ▌Henry Miller (Pro-Admin.) 42.68% (35 votes) ▌Arthur St. Clair (Anti-Admin.) 1.22% (1 vote) ▌William Irvine (Anti-Admin.) 1.22% (1 vote) |

### Races leading to the 3rd Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1793; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Delaware | Richard Bassett | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1793. Pro-Administration hold. | ▌Y John Vining (Pro-Admin.) [data missing] |
| Georgia | William Few | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1793. Anti-Administration hold. | ▌Y James Jackson (Anti-Admin.) 85.37% (35 votes) ▌William Few (Unknown) 12.20% (5 votes) ▌George Mathews (Unknown) 2.44% (1 vote) |
| Kentucky | John Brown | Anti-Administration | 1792 (new state) | Incumbent re-elected December 11, 1792. | ▌Y John Brown (Anti-Admin.) Unopposed |
| Massachusetts | Caleb Strong | Pro-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent re-elected in 1793. | ▌Y Caleb Strong (Pro-Admin.) [data missing] |
| New Hampshire | Paine Wingate | Anti-Administration | 1788 | Incumbent lost re-election in 1792. Pro-Administration gain. | ▌Y Samuel Livermore (Pro-Admin.) 58.43% (52 votes) ▌Paine Wingate (Federalist) 31.46% (28 votes) ▌Nathaniel Peabody (Unknown) 8.99% (8 votes) ▌Abiel Foster (Federalist) 1.12% (1 vote) |
| New Jersey | Philemon Dickinson | Pro-Administration | 1790 (special) | Incumbent retired. Winner's election date unknown. Pro-Administration hold. | ▌Y Frederick Frelinghuysen (Pro-Admin.) [data missing] |
| North Carolina | Samuel Johnston | Pro-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1792. Anti-Administration gain. | ▌Y Alexander Martin (Anti-Admin.) 24.71% (42 votes) ▌John Leigh (Unknown) 20.00% (34 votes) ▌Thomas Blount (Unknown) 18.24% (31 votes) ▌John Steele (Unknown) 18.24% (31 votes) ▌Gaiter (Unknown) 16.47% (28 votes) ▌Samuel Johnston (Pro-Admin.) 0.59% (1 vote) ▌William Lenoir (Unknown) 0.59% (1 vote) ▌Alfred Moore (Unknown) 0.59% (1 vote) ▌Richard Dobbs Spaight (Unknown) 0.59% (1 vote) ▌Willie Jones (Unknown) 0.00% (0 votes) |
| Rhode Island | Joseph Stanton Jr. | Anti-Administration | 1790 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1793. Pro-Administration gain. | ▌Y William Bradford (Pro-Admin.) [data missing] |
| South Carolina | Pierce Butler | Anti-Administration | 1789 | Incumbent re-elected December 5, 1792. | ▌Y Pierce Butler (Anti-Admin.) 88.06% (118 votes) ▌Charles Pinckney (Unknown) 5.97% (8 votes) ▌Zachariah Horskins (Unknown) 1.49% (2 votes) ▌John Little Ward (Unknown) 1.49% (2 votes) ▌John Baxter (Unknown) 0.75% (1 vote) ▌John E. Colhoun (Unknown) 0.75% (1 vote) ▌Adam C. Jones (Unknown) 0.75% (1 vote) ▌Jacob Read (Federalist) 0.75% (1 vote) |
| Virginia | John Taylor | Anti-Administration | 1792 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1793. | ▌Y John Taylor (Anti-Admin.) [data missing] |

### Election in 1793 during the 3rd Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated after March 4, 1793, the beginning of the next Congress.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Connecticut (Class 3) | Roger Sherman | Pro-Administration | 1791 (special) | Incumbent died July 23, 1793. Winner elected December 2, 1793. Pro-Administration hold. | ▌Y Stephen Mitchell (Pro-Admin.) [data missing] |

## Georgia

One-term Anti-Federalist William Few was defeated by fellow Anti-Federalist, James Jackson. Jackson won 24 votes in the Georgia House of Representatives and 11 in the State Senate for a combined total of 35. Few won 3 in the House and 2 in the Senate for a combined total of 5. Jackson took office as a member of the 3rd United States Congress on March 4, 1793. He would later resign in 1795 to run for his state's legislature.
United States Senate election in Georgia, 1792/93 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes in the House | Votes in the Senate | Total | % |
| Anti-Federalist | James Jackson | 24 | 11 | 35 | 85.4% |
| Anti-Federalist | William Few (incumbent) | 3 | 2 | 5 | 12.2% |
| Anti-Federalist | George Mathews | 1 | - | 1 | 2.4% |

## Kentucky

Incumbent John Brown, who had previously been elected in a special election was easily reelected with no opposition and 100% of votes from the legislators.

## Maryland (special)

Richard Potts won election to fill the seat vacated by Charles Carroll over Josh Hoskins Stone by a margin of 21.84%, or 19 votes, for the Class 1 seat.

## New Hampshire

Incumbent U.S. Senator Paine Wingate was not reelected. The New Hampshire General Court instead elected Federalist Samuel Livermore, a U.S. Representative, to the seat. Livermore, like his fellow senator, John Langdon, would go on to serve as President Pro-Tempore during this term.

## North Carolina

Pro-Administration Samuel Johnston lost re-election to Anti-Administration Alexander Martin for the class 2 seat. The other senator, Benjamin Hawkins, switched his support from Pro- to Anti-Administration.

## Pennsylvania (special)

There was a special election on February 28, 1793, for the Class 1 seat from Pennsylvania. Incumbent William Maclay's term had ended on March 3, 1791, but the legislature failed to elect a successor due to a disagreement on the procedure to be followed in the election.
The seat remained vacant until Albert Gallatin was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the seat during this election.
Upon agreement between the two houses of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the House of Representatives and the Senate, regarding the procedure to elect a new Senator, an election was finally held on February 28, 1793. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
State Legislature Results :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Anti-Administration | Albert Gallatin | 45 | 51.72% |
| | Pro-Administration | Henry Miller | 35 | 40.23% |
| | Pro-Administration | Arthur St. Clair | 1 | 1.15% |
| | Pro-Administration | William Irvine | 1 | 1.15% |
| | N/A | Not voting | 5 | 5.75% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 87 | 100% |
On February 28, 1794, the Senate determined that Gallatin did not satisfy the citizenship requirement for service and he was removed from office. He later went on to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. Gallatin was replaced in the Senate by a special election in 1794.

## Virginia

Anti-Administration senator Richard Henry Lee resigned October 8, 1792, just before the March 3, 1793 end of term. Anti-administration John Taylor of Caroline was elected October 18, 1792 to finish Lee's term and then re-elected in 1793 to the next term.

### Special

Virginia special election :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| John Taylor of Caroline | John Taylor of Caroline | 90 | 55.6 |
| Arthur Lee | Arthur Lee | 39 | 24.1 |
| Francis Corbin | Francis Corbin | 33 | 20.4 |