OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 324

Year 324 (CCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday in the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Constantinus (or, less frequently, year 1077 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 324 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### Roman Empire

* January 1 – Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar, the sons of the Emperor Constantine and his expected heir, and Flavius Claudius Constantinus begin their one year terms as the new Roman consuls.
* June – The earliest known use of the Greek word monachós to refer to a monk is made in a petition filed in Egypt by a man named Aurelius Isidorus, a man from the town of Karanis in Egypt.
* July 3 – Battle of Adrianople: Emperor Constantine the Great defeats his rival Licinius near Adrianople, forcing him to retreat to Byzantium. Constantine then invades Thrace with a Visigothic force and raids the countryside.
* July – Battle of the Hellespont: Flavius Julius Crispus, the designated heir of his father Constantine, destroys the naval fleet of Licinius in the Dardanelles, allowing Constantine to cross over the Bosphorus into Asian provinces. Byzantium is besieged and Licinius assembles a second military force, under his newly elevated co-emperor Martinian at Lampsacus (modern-day Lapseki).
* September 18 – Battle of Chrysopolis: Constantine I definitively defeats Licinius at Chrysopolis, and becomes sole Emperor, thus ending the period of the Tetrarchy. Licinius escapes and gathers around 30,000 of his surviving troops at Nicomedia. Thus, the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy, which began in 306, end with Constantine ruling as sole Emperor.
* November 8 – Emperor Constantine declares his son, Flavius Julius Constantius, to the rank of caesar, designating Flavius as his successor. Flavius will ascend the throne as Constantine the Second in 337 AD.
* November 9 – Dedication of the Lateran Basilica in Rome.
* December 19 – Licinius abdicates his position as Emperor. He is pardoned by Constantine I as a result of the supplication of his wife Constantia (who is Constantine's halfsister), and banished to Thessalonica as a private citizen.
* (Date unknown) The Roman Emperor Constantine I seizes the Byzantine Empire's capital, Byzantium, and commences work on rebuilding the city as the Eastern Empire's capital, which he will inaugurate as Constantinople in 330.
* Constantine reorganises the Roman army in smaller units classified into three grades: palatini, (imperial escort armies); comitatenses, (forces based in frontier provinces) and limitanei (auxilia border troops).

### China

* August 9 – (guiyou day of the 7th month of the 2nd year of the Tai'ning era) In Jin dynasty China, the rebel warlord Wang Dun succumbs to illness as the armies of the Emperor Ming of Jin are approaching his camp.

## Births

* Chu Suanzi, Chinese empress of the Jin dynasty (d. 384)

## Deaths

* Guo Pu, Chinese historian, poet and writer (b. 276)
* Wang Dun (or Chuzhong), Chinese warlord (b. 266)
* Zhang Mao, Chinese ruler of Former Liang (b. 277)
# Dick Molyneux

Richard Molyneux (January 1858 – 5 June 1906) was an English football manager. He managed in nearly 400 games in the Football League with Everton from 1889 to 1901 and later managed Brentford.

## Managerial career
### Everton

Molyneux joined Everton in 1878, when the club was founded as St. Domingo FC. He became Everton secretary-manager on 23 August 1889. His Toffees team finished as runners-up in the Football League in the 1889–90 season and won the Liverpool Senior Cup. Everton went one better in the 1890–91 season, winning the Football League and retaining the Liverpool Senior Cup. In 1892, Molyneux was one of the instigators behind the club's move across Stanley Park from Anfield to Goodison Park. Despite dominating the Liverpool Senior Cup throughout the 1890s, Everton failed to win any further major silverware during Molyneux's tenure and finished as runners-up in the Football League First Division in 1894–95 and were FA Cup finalists in 1892–93 and 1896–97. Everton also twice won the Lancashire Senior Cup under Molyneux, in 1894 and 1897. Molyneux's tenure came to an end on 11 September 1901, when he was suspended by the board of directors for suspected drunkenness.

### Brentford

Molyneux became manager of Southern League First Division club Brentford in 1903. Later in the year, Molyneux was suspended from football until the end of the 1903–04 season for attempting to buy goalkeeper John Bishop out of the Scots Guards. Molyneux managed the club to mid-table mediocrity in the following two seasons, with the club's best position being 9th in 1905–06. During Molyneux's reign and due to his nous, Brentford moved from Boston Park cricket ground to a ground of their own in 1904. Serious illness (described as "paralysis") saw Molyneux replaced temporarily by trainer Bob Crone and then secretary William Brown until the end of the 1905–06 season, at the end of which his contract was terminated. He returned to Liverpool in June 1906 to be with his wife Anne and died a few days after arriving home.

## Administrative career

Molyneux was a member of the Football League Management Committee from 1893 to 1899.

## Managerial statistics

| Team | From | To | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Ref |
| Team | From | To | G | W | D | L | Win % | Ref |
| Everton | 23 August 1889 | 11 September 1901 | 386 | 194 | 64 | 128 | 050.26 | |
| Brentford | May 1903 | February 1906 | 102 | 33 | 25 | 44 | 032.35 | |
| Total | Total | Total | 488 | 227 | 89 | 172 | 046.52 | |

## Honours

Everton
* Football League First Division (1): 1890–91
* Liverpool Senior Cup (9): 1890, 1891, 1892, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1900
* Lancashire Senior Cup (2): 1894, 1897
# Felix Milgrom

Felix Milgrom (12 October 1919 – 2 September 2007) was a Polish American immunologist who was State University of New York Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. He is best known for the development of a simple test for syphilis that could be performed on a drop of dried blood.

## Biography

Milgrom was born in Rohatyn, Poland in 1919. Initially a student at the University of Lwow, he earned a medical degree from the Wrocław Medical University in 1946, becoming a docent in 1951.
He taught at the Wrocław Medical University and led the microbiology department at the Medical University of Silesia. He joined the Department of Microbiology at the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in 1958.
He was the chairman of the Department of Microbiology at the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences from 1967 to 1985. Milgrom was named a SUNY Distinguished Professor in 1981. Together with Ernest Witebsky and others, Milgram established what is now known as the Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology.
Milgrom authored 400 articles and other publications, including several books. The president of Collegium Internationale Allergologicum from 1978 to 1982, Milgrom was a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Society for Microbiology, and Sigma Xi.
He received honorary degrees from the University of Vienna, the University of Lund, the University of Heidelberg, the University of Bergen, and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. He has been awarded the Cross of Merit, a Polish state decoration. Milgrom is a recipient of the Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation Prize (1986) and the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize (1987).

## Personal life

He married Halina Miszel, a noted physician, on October 15, 1941. They have two children, Henry and Martin Louis. Henry Milgrom is a Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Colorado Denver.
# Data compression symmetry

Symmetry and asymmetry, in the context of data compression, refer to the time relation between compression and decompression for a given compression algorithm.
If an algorithm takes the same time to compress a data archive as it does to decompress it, it is considered symmetrical. Note that compression and decompression, even for a symmetric algorithm, may not be perfectly symmetric in practice, depending on the devices the data is being copied to and from, and other factors such as latency and the fragmentation on the device.
In turn, if the compression and decompression times of an algorithm are vastly different, it is considered asymmetrical.
7zip algorithms comparison (in nanoseconds/bytes) :
| Algorithm | Compression | Decompression | Symmetry |
| LZMA | 2286 | 63 | Asymmetrical |
| BWT | 1974 | 176 | Asymmetrical |
| PPMd | 647 | 655 | Symmetrical |

## Uses

Symmetric algorithms are typically used for media streaming protocols, as either the server taking too long to compress the data, or the client taking too long to decompress, would lead to delays in the viewing of the data.
Asymmetrical algorithms wherein the compression is faster than the decompression can be useful for backing up or archiving data, as in these cases data is typically much more often stored than retrieved.
Also asymmetrical algorithm are used in audio compression because decompression must happen in real-time, otherwise playback might get interrupted.
# Georgia Campagnale

Georgia Campagnale (born 9 December 1996) is an Australian professional soccer midfielder who played for Adelaide United in the W-League Campagnale was the winner of the 2021 Client of the Year at The Fit Space alongside her older brother Sam.

## Club career
### Adelaide United

Campagnale started her Adelaide United career in 2014. She made her debut in a 2–0 loss to Sydney FC. On 1 December 2018, Campagnale scored her first goal for Adelaide United with a 97th minute last-gasp equaliser against Melbourne City FC. She had her contract renewed with the club in September 2019. Campagnale held the record for the most games for Adelaide United women's team of all time. Campagnale departed Adelaide United ahead of the 2021–22 A-League Women season.

## Personal life

Campagnale is studying for a master's degree in Nutrition and Dietetics. She is of Italian descent.
# Golden Arrow (comics)

Golden Arrow is a superhero that appeared in American comic books published by Fawcett Comics. Created by writer Bill Parker and artist Greg Duncan, he first appeared in Whiz Comics #2.

## Character History

Golden Arrow was Roger Parsons who, as a young boy, went on a cross-country balloon trip with his parents. His father, Professor Paul Parsons, was testing out an invention that was supposed to revolutionize aviation, but he and his wife were both killed by their greedy rival Brand Braddock. Roger was found and raised by "Nugget Ned" and became the superhero Golden Archer when he grew up. He would coat his arrows in gold leaf and ride a horse named White Wind. He would fight "angry natives, evil cowboys and outlaws, talking totem poles, the female shootist the Gun Ghost, the killer Desolation, and Butu, the Ancient Bow-Man."
The book appeared to be set in the Wild West, but Golden Arrow would occasionally make appearances alongside Captain Marvel.
The character lasted from Whiz Comics #2, which was the book's first issue, until Whiz Comics #154, which was its second-to-last. He also appeared in his own series which lasted six issues.
# John Adams Ten Eyck III

John Adams Ten Eyck III (October 28, 1893 - October 21, 1932) was a painter and etcher.

## Biography

He was born on October 28, 1893, in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He was the son of Dr. John Adams Ten Eyck II (?-1906) and Bella Burnham. He attended the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts. In 1918 he married and then served in World War I. He died in Shippan Point in Stamford, Connecticut. His granddaughter was Beverley Sener who married Aubin Lueckner.
# Yen Kuan-heng

Yen Kuan-heng (Chinese: 顏寬恆; pinyin: Yán Kuānhéng; born 14 September 1977) is a Taiwanese politician. He was elected to the Legislative Yuan from Taichung in 2013, to replace his father Yen Ching-piao in office. Yen lost reelection to Chen Po-wei in 2020, and returned to office in 2024.

## Education

Yen graduated from Chienkuo Technology University and earned a Master of Public Administration (M.P.A.) from Chung Hua University. He then completed graduate studies in the United States at the University of San Francisco, where he earned a Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.).

## Political career

Yen Kuan-heng helped run his father's first legislative campaign in 2001, and worked as the elder Yen's legislative assistant. Yen Ching-piao was sentenced to prison in November 2012 and expelled from the Legislative Yuan, necessitating a by-election for Taichung 2. Chen Shih-kai was named the Democratic Progressive Party candidate days before the Kuomintang announced its support of Yen Kuan-heng. The by-election was held on 26 January 2013, with Yen winning by 1,138 votes. The Kuomintang nominated Yen for a second term over fellow party member Chi Kuo-tung [zh] in the 2016 legislative elections, and Yen won again. In March 2016, Yen joined the Parliamentary Transparency Alliance, a smaller group of Kuomintang legislators within the Ninth Legislative Yuan. Yen narrowly lost reelection to Taiwan Statebuilding Party candidate Chen Po-wei in 2020. Following a successful bid to recall Chen from office [zh] in October 2021, a by-election was scheduled for 9 January 2022. The Kuomintang formally nominated Yen as its candidate for the by-election on 9 November 2021. French-born Taiwanese director Jean-Robert Thomann filmed the documentary Taiwan, Chronicle of a Threatened Democracy, about the by-election, which Yen lost to Lin Ching-yi. Yen unseated Lin in the 2024 legislative election.
During the 2021 by-election, Yen was investigated by the Taichung District Prosecutor’s Office, which found that his house in Shalu District was illegally built on state-owned land. The resulting probe additionally discovered that Yen had illicitly received NT$1.08 million in public funds, by having Lin Chin-fu claim to be Yen's legislative aide. In July 2024, the Taichung District Court found that Yen violated Article V of the Anti-Corruption Act, and was guilty of forgery, and sentenced him to a combined prison term of eight years and four months.
# Queerstralia

Queerstralia is an Australian documentary TV series about LGBT history in Australia that aired on ABC Television in 2023. The three episodes were hosted by comedian Zoe Coombs Marr.

## Synopsis

Over three episodes, the series combines comedic and documentary techniques to explore queer history of Australia. Over three one-hour episodes themed around belonging, identity and law, Coombs Marr covers everything from lesbian convict gangs to the gay bushranger Captain Moonlite; the 78ers and gay bashing at the first Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in 1978, and the AIDS response in Australia.
The series features interviews with comedian Hannah Gadsby, actor Magda Szubanski, historian Dr Yves Rees, activist Peter de Waal, former rugby league player Ian Roberts, feminist and filmmaker Barbara Creed, director Tony Ayres, and others.
The episodes were as follows:
* Episode 1: The Law
* Episode 2: Gender and Identity
* Episode 3: Community and Belonging

## Cast

* Zoë Coombs Marr
* Magda Szubanski
* Ian Roberts
* Nayuka Gorrie
* Rhys Nicholson
* Hannah Gadsby
* Georgie Stone
* Tony Ayres
* Narelda Jacobs
* Aunty Dawn Daylight
* Yves Rees
* Peter De Waal
* Todd Fernando
* Dino Hodge
* Den Altman
* Julie Peters
* Tony Briffa
* Anthony Brandon Wong – narrator

## Production

Queerstralia was produced by Guesswork Television Production for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The series was hosted by comedian and self-proclaimed "professional lesbian" Zoe Coombs Marr and directed by Stamatia Maroupas
Interviews by Coombs Marr and interviewees featured various locations, such as The Peel in Collingwood; The Fox Hotel in Altona; and the Cascades Female Factory.

## Release

All three episodes of Queerstralia were released in 2023. Episode one, "The Law" featured on Gogglebox Australia.

## Critical reception

Michael Idato, of The Sydney Morning Herald, gave Queerstralia 4 out of 5 stars. Idato commended the series on "deliver[ing] a robust, and nicely irreverent, telling of Australia's queer history".
Queerstralia was a finalist in the Representation of LGBTQIA+ Non-Scripted category in the MIPCOM CANNES Diversify TV Awards.
# MTV OMG

MTV OMG was a British pay television music channel operated by Paramount Networks UK & Australia. It launched on 1 March 2018, replacing free-to-air sister music channel Viva. The audience profile on Sky Media showed that the channel had a 60/40 viewer bias in favor of women. The channel aired its own weekly OMG Top 20 charts, which were chosen by the channel.
The channel closed on 20 July 2020.

## History

The network launched on 1 March 2018, one month after Viva's discontinuation, with a love song-focused video playlist branded as MTV Love airing throughout February. From 2018 until 2020, MTV OMG was temporarily renamed MTV Pride to coincide with Pride in London, which celebrates the LGBT+ community. Before 2018, this temporary renaming was carried out on its sister channel MTV Classic.

## Programming

* (artist) vs (artist): Pop Battle
* 2-4-1 Happy Hour Hits
* All New! This Week's OMG Top 20
* OMG! 00s Hits
* OMG! It's Goodbye
* OMG Loves: (artist)
* OMG's Pop Obsessions
* OMG's Weekend Hits
* Hottest 20 Girls in the World
* Summer Is Fri-Nally Here! Hot 50 Summer Tunes
* Top 50 OMG Music Moments
* Tree Mendous Tinsel Tunes

## Closure

This channel, along with its sister channels Club MTV and MTV Rocks, was closed permanently on 20 July 2020, folding the channel space that had been established by TMF in October 2002. The last music video played on the channel was "Thank You for the Music" by ABBA.
# Francis Alger

Francis Alger (March 8, 1807 – November 27, 1863) was an American mineralogist and industrialist.

## Biography

Alger was born on March 8, 1807, between Lucy Wills and Cyrus Alger. His work mostly focused on Nova Scotia and New Jersey area. He published several successful articles and amassed a large private collection of minerals.
Alger was a friend of Dr. Charles Thomas Jackson, who was also a mineralogist. In the summer of 1827, they traveled to Nova Scotia, to collect minerals and make observations upon the geology of the area. This trip was probably suggested by Alger, who already have been there in 1826 following his father, and published a short article of the location. And based on the visit, they published A Description of the Mineralogy and Geology of a part of Nova Scotia on the American Journal of Science and Arts Volume 14-15. In 1829, they traveled to Nova Scotia again. And in August 1831, submitted Remarks on the Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia, corrected and enlarged version of the prior 'essay', to the first volume of Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Next year, they published this article as a book with the similar title.
During the dispute between Jackson and Dr. William T. G. Morton about the discovery of ether anesthesia, Alger testified for Jackson. Their friendship lasted until Alger's death. Notice of the Death of Francis Alger of Boston on the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History (1864) was written by Jackson.
He never had education past common school, but he received an honorary MA from Harvard in 1849. Alger was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1833. He was one of the founders and curators of the Boston Society of Natural History. He was also a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
He married Mary Louisa Jones on May 9, 1835. They had 4 children: Herbert Alger (1836, died same year), Francis Alger (1838 – 1922), Marion Mott Alger (1840 – 1923), Alfred Andrews Alger (1841 – died same year). They later divorced, probably after 1841, and Alger married Lydia W Smith on October 13, 1858. They had two children, Lucy Alger (1859 – 1921) and Cyrus Willis Alger (1861 – 1942).
After his father’s death in 1856, Alger took over as manager of the South Boston Iron Company.
He died from typhoid pneumonia in Washington, D.C., U.S. on November 27, 1863. He is buried at the Mount Auburn Cemetery with his family.

## Selected writings

* Alger, Francis. "Notes on the Mineralogy of Nova Scotia". The American Journal of Science and Arts. 12: 227–232.
* Jackson, Charles T.; Alger, Francis (1832). Remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the peninsula of Nova Scotia : accompanied by a colored map, illustrative of the structure of the country, and by several views of its scenery. Canadiana.org. Cambridge: E. W. Metcalf and Company.
* Phillips, William (1844). Alger, Francis (ed.). An elementary treatise on mineralogy: comprising an introduction to the science (5th ed.). Boston.
# María de Cazalla

María de Cazalla (born 1487) was a Christian mystic in early modern Castile.
Born in Palma del Río, her family was of Jewish converso lineage (from which for whatever reason she disassociated herself). She was the sister of Juan de Cazalla, Cardinal Cisneros' secretary. She married an Old Christian whom with she had 6 children.
She was the subject of a long heresy trial by the Spanish Inquisition, lasting between 1532 and 1534.
When the process was opened against Toledo's lights, he was interrogated by the Inquisition in 1525 and entered prison in 1532. Her trial included accusations of lutheranism, erasmism and involvement with the alumbrados. It lasted until December 1534. She was subjected to the rack and water torture and was gagged part of the time of her captivity. She finally was acquitted of the most serious charges, subject to public shame in a church in Guadalajara and fined one hundred ducats, prohibited from keeping contact with her old relations.