OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mount Mellenthin

Mount Mellenthin is a 12,645-foot (3,854 meter) elevation summit located in San Juan County of Utah, United States. Mount Mellenthin is the second-highest peak of the La Sal Mountains, and second-highest in the county. It is situated in a dry, rugged, sparsely settled region, and set on land administered by Manti-La Sal National Forest. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into tributaries of the Colorado River. The nearest town is Moab, 20 mi (32 km) to the northwest, and the nearest higher neighbor is Mount Peale, 1.7 mi (2.7 km) to the south. The mountain's name honors Rudolf E. Mellenthin (1884–1918), forest ranger of La Sal National Forest, who was shot to death near this peak on August 23, 1918, while attempting to apprehend two draft evaders. This geographical feature's toponym was officially adopted in 1932 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Mount Mellenthin. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a Cold semi-arid climate zone, which is defined by the coldest month having an average mean temperature below 32 °F (0 °C), and at least 50% of the total annual precipitation being received during the spring and summer. This desert climate receives less than 10 inches (250 millimeters) of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.
# Shooting at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's 30 metre pistol

The men's 30 metre individual competition with free revolver was one of the five sport shooting events on the 1896 Summer Olympics shooting program. Six competitors entered the pistol event on 11 April. Having won the 25 metre military pistol event, John Paine then withdrew from the 30 metre free pistol event, citing his desire to not embarrass his Greek hosts. He also said he had an agreement with his brother that whoever won the first event between them would drop out the next event. The competitors each shot five strings of six shots. Sumner Paine won the event.

## Background

This was the first appearance of what would become standardised as the men's ISSF 50 meter pistol event. The event was held at every Summer Olympics from 1896 to 1920 (except 1904, when no shooting events were held) and from 1936 to 2016; it was open to women from 1968 to 1980. This was the only time that the event was held at a distance of 30 metres; in 1900 the distance would move to the 50 metres that would become standard (with the exception that yards were used in 1908).
Paine used a Smith & Wesson New Model 3 Revolver.

## Competition format

The competition had each shooter fire 30 shots, in 5 strings of 6, at a range of 30 metres. Scoring involved multiplying target hits by points scored in each string. Each target had a score of up to 6. The maximum score possible in each string of shots was 216 (6 hits times 6 scores of 6); for the 5-string total, the maximum was 1080 points

## Schedule

The free pistol event was the first shooting event on the sixth day of competition.
| Date | Date | Time | Round |
| Gregorian | Julian | Time | Round |
| Saturday, 11 April 1896 | Saturday, 30 March 1896 | 9:00 | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Shooter | Nation | Hits | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Score |
| | Sumner Paine | United States | 24 | 76 | 64 | 80 | 120 | 102 | 442 |
| | Holger Nielsen | Denmark | Unknown | 12 | 85 | 62 | 24 | 100 | 285 |
| | Ioannis Frangoudis | Greece | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 4 | Nikolaos Morakis | Greece | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
| 5 | Georgios Orphanidis | Greece | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
# Neches River National Wildlife Refuge

The Neches River National Wildlife Refuge is a 7,000-acre (28 km$^2$) protected area of Texas managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. It is located in the rolling hills of East Texas near Jacksonville.
Encompassing the upper Neches River, the unit preserves a pristine waterway. After the city of Dallas proposed constructing a dam along the body of water, conservationists petitioned the federal government to protect the river, which resulted in the 2006 creation of the refuge. The Texas Water Board sued to prevent this acquisition, but in 2010, a federal judge ruled in favor of the Fish & Wildlife Service. The refuge formally opened to the public on October 27, 2018.
More than 100 visitors came to the Refuge in October 2012 to acquaint themselves with the grounds, canoe on the Neches River, and later enjoyed a barbecue dinner at a nearby ranch. Among the hosts were the Friends of the Neches River and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. The Refuge at that point had not received enough funding to establish any on-site programs or amenities to where it could open to regular visitors. A Friends of the Neches River representative explained that the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service received more than 15,000 letters and signatures requesting the agency to consider a refuge for the area. By 2012, over 3,000 acres (12 km$^2$) had been set aside to make up the Refuge, with thousands more anticipated in the near term. Ultimately, upwards of 25,000 acres (100 km$^2$) could end up being part of the Refuge.
A preview event was held at the Refuge in September 2018, which was open to the public. A Texas Parks and Wildlife representative was present to acquaint visitors with the various wildlife found there. Also attending were University of Texas at Tyler students and teachers, helping to show younger visitors what could be found at the Refuge. Experienced guides led nature walks for attendees, as well. The Texas Conservation Alliance played host of the preview.

## Refuge features

Bodies of water (besides the Neches River itself):
* Deadwater Lake
* Buzzard Slough
* Twin Lakes
Trails on the property:
* Deadwater Trail (4.5 miles (7.2 km))
* Hidden Grove Trail (1.5 miles (2.4 km))
* Pine Tree Trail (2.7 miles (4.3 km))
* Rocky Point Trail (7.2 miles (11.6 km))
* Song Bird Trail (1 mile (1.6 km))
# 772

Year 772 (DCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 772 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne leads a Frankish expedition from the Middle Rhine into disputed territory lost by the Franks in 695. He starts a campaign against the Saxons and seizes Eresburg, destroying the Irminsul (Saxon sacred tree) near Paderborn. Charlemagne devastates several major Saxon strongholds, and forces them to retreat beyond the Weser River. After negotiating with some Saxon nobles and obtaining hostages, he installs a number of garrisons.
* King Desiderius of the Lombards, enraged by the repudiation by Charlemagne of his daughter Desiderata, proclaims Gerberga's sons lawful heirs to the Frankish throne. He attacks Pope Adrian I for refusing to crown them, and invades the Duchy of the Pentapolis. Desiderius marches on Rome, and Adrian turns to the Franks for military support.
* In England, King Offa of Mercia attempts to rule Kent directly, possibly to depose his rival Egbert II (approximate date).

#### Asia

* Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur completes construction of the garrison city of al-Rāfiqah adjacent to Raqqa.

### By topic
#### Religion

* February 1 – Pope Stephen III dies after a 3½-year reign, in which he has approved the acceptable reverence of icons in the Eastern Church. He is succeeded by Adrian I (also referred to as Hadrian) as the 95th pope of Rome.

## Births

* Bai Ju Yi, Chinese poet and official (d. 846)
* Cui Qun, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 832)
* Cui Zhi, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 829)
* Li Ao, Chinese philosopher and prose writer (d. 841)
* Liu Yuxi, Chinese poet and philosopher (d. 842)
* probable
** Charles the Younger, son of Charlemagne (d. 811)

## Deaths

* February 1 – Pope Stephen III
* May 13 – Dōkyō, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 700)
* July 10 – Amalberga of Temse, Lotharingian nun and saint (b. 741)
* date unknown
** Dúngal mac Cellaig, king of Osraige (Ireland)
** Yuan Jie, Chinese poet
** Zhu Xicai, general of the Tang Dynasty
# Speed skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Women's 500 metres

The Women's 500 metres in speed skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics took place on 22 February, at the Olympic Oval.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows:
| World record | Christa Rothenburger (GDR) | 39.39 | Calgary, Canada | 6 December 1987 |
| Olympic record | Christa Rothenburger (GDR) | 41.02 | Sarajevo, Yugoslavia | 10 February 1984 |
The following new world and olympic records was set during the competition.
| Date | Pair | Athlete | Country | Time | OR | WR |
| 22 February | Pair 1 | Andrea Ehrig | East Germany | 40.71 | OR | |
| 22 February | Pair 2 | Karin Enke | East Germany | 39.12 | OR | WR |
| 22 February | Pair 4 | Bonnie Blair | United States | 39.10 | OR | WR |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Time | Difference | Notes |
| | Bonnie Blair | United States | 39.10 | – | WR |
| | Christa Rothenburger | East Germany | 39.12 | +0.02 | |
| | Karin Kania | East Germany | 39.24 | +0.14 | |
| 4 | Angela Stahnke | East Germany | 39.68 | +0.58 | |
| 5 | Seiko Hashimoto | Japan | 39.74 | +0.64 | |
| 6 | Shelley Rhead-Skarvan | Canada | 40.36 | +1.26 | |
| 7 | Monika Pflug | West Germany | 40.53 | +1.43 | |
| 8 | Shoko Fusano | Japan | 40.61 | +1.51 | |
| 9 | Natalya Glebova | Soviet Union | 40.66 | +1.56 | |
| 10 | Andrea Ehrig | East Germany | 40.71 | +1.61 | |
| 11 | Natalie Grenier | Canada | 40.73 | +1.63 | |
| 12 | Katie Class | United States | 40.91 | +1.81 | |
| 13 | Yoo Seon-Hee | South Korea | 40.92 | +1.82 | |
| 14 | Edel Therese Høiseth | Norway | 40.95 | +1.85 | |
| 15 | Ingrid Haringa | Netherlands | 41.12 | +2.02 | |
| 16 | Yelena Ilyina | Soviet Union | 41.15 | +2.05 | |
| 17 | Christine Aaftink | Netherlands | 41.22 | +2.12 | |
| 18 | Zofia Tokarczyk | Poland | 41.37 | +2.27 | |
| 19 | Emese Hunyady | Austria | 41.38 | +2.28 | |
| 19 | Erwina Ryś-Ferens | Poland | 41.38 | +2.28 | |
| 21 | Noriko Toda | Japan | 41.44 | +2.34 | |
| 22 | Song Hwa-son | North Korea | 41.46 | +2.36 | |
| 23 | Leslie Bader | United States | 41.57 | +2.47 | |
| 23 | Ariane Loignon | Canada | 41.57 | +2.47 | |
| 25 | Kristen Talbot | United States | 41.71 | +2.61 | |
| 26 | Han Chun-Ok | North Korea | 42.25 | +3.15 | |
| 27 | Marie-France van Helden | France | 42.49 | +3.39 | |
| 28 | Jasmin Krohn | Sweden | 42.81 | +3.71 | |
| 29 | Stéphanie Dumont | France | 43.30 | +4.20 | |
| 30 | Bibija Kerla | Yugoslavia | 44.47 | +5.37 | |
# Hardship payments in the United Kingdom

Hardship payments in the United Kingdom are welfare payments that may be claimed when a person's social security benefits are sanctioned. Under Universal Credit, hardship payments are recoverable.
# Rowing at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's coxless four

The men's coxless four competition at the 1952 Summer Olympics took place at Meilahti, Finland.

## Results

The following rowers took part:
| Rowers | Country |
| Duje Bonačić Velimir Valenta Mate Trojanović Petar Šegvić | Yugoslavia |
| Pierre Blondiaux Jean-Jacques Guissart Marc Bouissou Roger Gautier | France |
| Veikko Lommi Kauko Wahlsten Oiva Lommi Lauri Nevalainen | Finland |
| Harry Almond John Jones James Crowden Adrian Cadbury | Great Britain |
| Edward Schwarzer Zbigniew Schwarzer Henryk Jagodziński Zbigniew Żarnowiecki | Poland |
| Roman Zakharov Yury Rogozov Ivan Makarov Vladimir Kirsanov | Soviet Union |
| Giuseppe Moioli Elio Morille Giovanni Invernizzi Franco Faggi | Italy |
| Werner Biel Hans Krause-Wichmann Achim Krause-Wichmann Hanns Peters | Saar |
| Sverre Kråkenes Kristoffer Lepsøe Thorstein Kråkenes Harald Kråkenes | Norway |
| Louis McMillan Dempster Jackson John Davis James Welsh | United States |
| Kurt Marz Alexander Mitterhuber Adolf Scheithauer Johann Geiszler | Austria |
| Charles Van Antwerpen Jos Rosa Harry Elzendoorn Florent Caers | Belgium |
| Knud Bruun Jensen Carl Nielsen Harry Nielsen Paul Locht | Denmark |
| László Decker Imre Kaffka János Hollósi Imre Kemény | Hungary |
| Frits de Voogt Ruud Sesink Clee Jan op den Velde Kees van Vugt | Netherlands |
| Don Dyke-Wells Damian Nichol John Webb Christopher Veitch | South Africa |
| Ron Cameron Lloyd Montour Jack Zwirewich Art Griffiths | Canada |
# Męcka Wola

Męcka Wola is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sieradz, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Sieradz and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Laurie Fishlock

Laurence Barnard Fishlock (2 January 1907 – 25 June 1986) was an English cricketer, who played in four Test matches from 1936 to 1947. A specialist batsman, he achieved little in those four matches, but might have had a much more substantial Test career had he not lost six of what should have been his best years to World War II.
Colin Bateman, a cricket writer, noted that "Fishlock, a good county performer, was astonishingly unlucky when his Test chance did come along... A forcing left-hander, he went on two Ashes tours (1936–37) and (1946–47) and suffered hand injuries both times, restricting him to one Test overseas".

## Cricket career

He joined the staff of Surrey in 1930, and made his first-class debut the following season. However, he did not play in a substantial number of matches until 1934, when he made 598 runs with an average of 31.47. In 1935 he was a regular member of the side and passed 1,000 runs for the first time, and scored his first three hundreds. The following year he came right to the fore. He made 2,129 runs at an average of 53.22. He was selected for the Players at Lord's, played in two Test trials and was selected for two Tests against India. He was selected for the following winter's tour of Australia, but missed six weeks through a broken bone in his right hand, and thus missed his chance to press for a Test place. During the 1937 season, he switched to opening the batting for Surrey, and occupied that batting position for most of the remainder of his career. He continued to score heavily, and was selected for a Test trial in 1938, in which he made a hundred, but even so could not force his way into the Test team.
He had trained as an engineer, and during World War II he made aircraft parts for the RAF. After the war, he had a fine season in 1946, with 2,241 runs at an average of 50.47. As a result, he played in one Test against India and was selected as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in the 1947 edition. He went on the 1946-7 tour of Australia and played in his fourth and final Test. In 1948 he made his highest score, 253 against Leicestershire at Grace Road, Leicester. In his final season of 1952, when he was 45 years old, he still made his 1,000 runs and helped Surrey to win the Championship, the first of their record sequence of seven victories. Later he was a coach at Trinity School of John Whitgift, Croydon and St Dunstan's College.

## Football career

Fishlock also played professional football as a winger, including three seasons (1929–1932) with Crystal Palace (19 senior appearances, two goals), one season (1933–34) with Millwall (36 senior appearances, seven goals) and two with Southampton (1934–1936). Prior to turning professional, he had played for Dulwich Hamlet and in amateur international fixtures for England. He played professionally for Aldershot and Gillingham.

## Death

Fishlock died in hospital following an operation, in Sutton, London, in June 1986, aged 79.
# Fleming–Watson Historic District

The Fleming–Watson Historic District comprises 365 buildings and 1 structure of architecture significance on 84 acres (0.34 km$^2$) in Fairmont, West Virginia. It is in two irregular sections separated by a ravine, approximately bounded by Fairmont Avenue, Second and Fay Streets, Apple Crescent, Green and Emerson Streets, Coleman Avenue, Ninth Street, and Outlook. High Gate, the James Edwin Watson House, also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in the district.
The district contains a variety of the architectural styles that were common from 1850 to 1951. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
# DeCarlos Nicholson

DeCarlos Nicholson (born November 16, 2001) is an American football cornerback for the USC Trojans. He previously played for the Mississippi Gulf Coast Bulldogs and the Mississippi State Bulldogs.

## Early life and high school

Nicholson grew up in Petal, Mississippi and attended Petal High School where he lettered in football, basketball and baseball. In his high school career, Nicholson completed 245 of his 439 pass attempts for 3,450 yards, 30 touchdowns and 11 interceptions. Nicholson would also rush for 984 yards and 11 touchdowns, while also hauling in a receptions for 15 yards. Nicholson was an unranked cornerback recruit and committed to Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College.

## College career
### Mississippi Gulf Coast CC

During Nicholson's true freshman season in 2020, he played in all six games as a quarterback, finishing the season with completing 16 out of 36 passing attempts for 178 along with rushing 25 times for 210 yards. During the 2021 season, he converted to a cornerback and played nine games, finishing the season with 19 total tackles (13 solo and six assisted, two tackles for loss for eight yards and 16 pass breakups.
Nicholson would decide to transfer to Mississippi State, but would decommit and commit to Kentucky, but would later decommit and would eventually commit back at Mississippi State.

### Mississippi State

During the 2022 season, Nicholson played in 13 games, finishing the season with five tackles and one pass breakup. During the 2023 season, he played in 12 games and started seven of them, finishing the season with 42 total tackles (17 solo and 25 assisted), two tackles for loss of for four yards and two pass breakups.
On December 7, 2023, Nicholson announced that he would enter the transfer portal.

### USC

On December 20, 2023, Nicholson announced that he will transfer to USC.
# Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge

The Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge (ORINWR) is a National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in non-contiguous sites consisting of islands along 362 miles (583 km) of the Ohio River, primarily (85% of acreage) in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
There are also two islands that are located upstream in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, and a pair that are located downstream in Lewis County, Kentucky.
Looking downstream, the refuge is currently located in parts of these counties: Beaver, Brooke, Ohio, Marshall, Wetzel, Tyler, Pleasants, Wood, Jackson, Mason, and Lewis. All counties are part of West Virginia, with the Pennsylvania and Kentucky exceptions that are mentioned above.

## History

The ORINWR was established in 1990 and consists of 3,354 acres (13.57 km$^2$) of land and underwater habitat on twenty-two islands and four mainland properties.
The refuge headquarters with visitor center is located in Williamstown, West Virginia.

## Islands

The following islands in the Ohio River are part of the Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge. All are located in West Virginia unless indicated otherwise.
* Phillis Island (Pennsylvania)
* Georgetown Island (Pennsylvania)
* Wheeling Island – part
* Captina Island
* Fish Creek Island
* Paden Island
* Williamson Island
* Witten Towhead
* Crab Island
* Wells Island
* Mill Creek Island
* Grandview Island
* Grape Island
* Middle Island
* Broadback Island
* Buckley Island
* Muskingum Island
* Neal Island – part
* Buffington Island
* Letart Island
* Manchester 1 Island (Kentucky)
* Manchester 2 Island (Kentucky) - part
# 241

Year 241 (CCXLI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gordianus and Pompeianus by the Romans (or, less frequently, year 994 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 241 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Winter – Emperor Gordian III reaches Antioch and, with his army, prepares an offensive against the Sassanids.
* Gaius Furius Sabinius Aquila Timesitheus becomes praetorian prefect and de facto ruler of the Roman Empire.

#### Persia

* Prince Shapur I succeeds his father Ardashir I as ruler of the Sassanid Empire. He begins his expansion in India.
* Shapur I annexes parts of the Kushan Empire. The ancient city of Bagram (modern Afghanistan) is abandoned.
* Fall of Hatra: Shapur I captures Hatra, the capital of the Kingdom of Hatra. The city is destroyed by the Sassanids.

#### Europe

* November 1 – The Battle of Samhain is fought in Ireland (approximate date).

### By topic
#### Religion

* The Dura-Europos church is converted from a house in Syria (approximate date).

## Births

* Cao Mao, Chinese emperor of the Cao Wei state in the Three Kingdoms period (d. 260)

## Deaths

* Sanatruq II, king of Hatra (Ending of the Kingdom of Hatra)
* Sun Deng, Chinese prince of the Eastern Wu state (b. 209)
* Sun Shao, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (b. 188)
* Zhuge Jin, Chinese general of the Eastern Wu state (b. 174)