OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Free-floating intellectuals

Free-floating intellectuals or free-floating intelligentsia (German: Freischwebende Intelligenz) is a term from the sociology of knowledge that was used by the sociologist and philosopher Karl Mannheim in 1929, but was originally coined by the sociologist Alfred Weber. It includes the members of the intelligentsia, whose relative independence as a socially undefined class allows them to break away from the normative thinking of their environment and to act independently of social class conditions. The intellectual floats (relatively) freely above things and tasks and is therefore less tied to ideology than other people. Karl Mannheim applied this to the political as well as the economic and cultural areas. According to Mannheim, the socially free-floating intellectuals is unbound, critical and sensitive. It is able to represent pluralistic views and have a positive impact on social conditions.
Mannheim sought a way out of the dilemma that the human mind moves within social bonds and biases in contemplation, reasoning and knowledge, but on the other hand wants to and, in his opinion, can find unadulterated truths.

## Reception

Critics dispute that it is possible to transcend the historical, social, cultural and psychological determinants for a particular group in society.
According to Magnus Klaue, Mannheim called free-floating intellectuals the “milieu that shaped the Weimar Republic, which emerged as a result of the crisis of the educated middle class and in which (even then often unemployed) academics, private scholars, wealthy but professionally unambitious middle-class sons and lumpen intellectuals came together.” He has want to point out both the possibilities of this milieu for social and intellectual independence and the danger that it sees itself as an intellectual avant-garde, rejects bourgeois normality as bourgeois and wants to impose its own moral views on the “backward” majority.
# Podtrzcianna

Podtrzcianna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Kawęczyn, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Nowy Kawęczyn, 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Skierniewice, and 53 km (33 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Cowboy (M*A*S*H)

"Cowboy" was the eighth episode of the M*A*S*H television series. Originally shown on November 12, 1972 and repeated May 6, 1973, it was written by Bob Klane and directed by Don Weis. It is the only first-season episode listed in TV Guide as a "classic episode".
The episode's guest stars are Billy Green Bush as John "Cowboy" Hodges, Patrick Adiarte as Ho-Jon, Timothy Brown as Spearchucker Jones, Mike Robello as the cook, Jean Powell as a nurse, Joe Corey as Goldstein, and John Orchard as Capt. "Ugly John" Black.

## Plot

"The Cowboy", a chopper pilot whose nickname stems from his gun holster belt and cowboy hat and boots, arrives at the 4077th with a shoulder wound. He is anxiously awaiting a letter from his wife, who he fears is leaving him for another man ("She's probably off with some rodeo rider; she's a sucker for a 10-gallon hat!"). The Cowboy wants to be sent home before his marriage completely falls apart, but Henry refuses, stating that the Cowboy's wound is not serious enough to merit a discharge. Bad luck then follows Henry wherever he goes: he gets shot at while golfing, his tent gets flattened by a driverless jeep, and the latrine is blown up with him inside it. Deciding to leave camp for a while, he is nearly killed when his desk chair explodes.
The Cowboy offers to fly Henry to Seoul, then tries to push him out of the chopper in midair. At the same time, Hawkeye and Trapper realize that these "accidents" have been the Cowboy's attempts to get revenge against Henry for not sending him home. Radar brings a letter from the Cowboy's wife, and Hawkeye and Trapper inform him over the radio that it has finally arrived. The letter is postmarked Reno, Nevada, which sends the two doctors into a panic, given Reno's reputation (at the time) for quick and painless divorce proceedings. The letter also begins with "Dear John", the clichéd opening of a letter to a man whose heart is about to be broken. It turns out, however, that the Cowboy's real name is John Hodges and that he does live in Reno. In the letter, his wife explains that she had felt herself tested by temptation, but her love for him has allowed her to overcome it. The Cowboy brings Henry safely back to camp and receives a month's stateside leave.
# Zaw Zaw Oo

Zaw Zaw Oo (Burmese: ဇော်ဇော်ဦး; born 31 July 1989) is a footballer from Burma. He is a defender for the Myanmar national football team and Myanmar U-23. He is the bronze medalist with Myanmar U-23 in 2011 SEA Games.
He current plays for Ayeyawady United in Myanmar National League.
# Mokracz

Mokracz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełchatów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) east of Bełchatów and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Sugar Island 37A

Sugar Island 37A is an island and First Nations reserve within Rice Lake in southern Ontario. It is one of two reserves of the Alderville First Nation, along with Alderville.
# Animals' Rights

Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress is an 1892 book by the English social reformer Henry Stephens Salt. It is widely considered to be the first explicit treatment of the concept of animal rights.

## Content

In the book, Salt argues against the idea of speciesism, though the term was not coined for another 76 years.
The book also argues against vivisection, misuse of horses and wild animals, hunting and fishing, and the fur trade, and in favour of vegetarianism.

## Reception

James H. Hyslop reviewed the book contemporaneously for the International Journal of Ethics, strongly praising the book's intentions "its spirit shows the finest feelings a moral being can possess" but also arguing that it failed to present a theoretical justification for the equal rights it presumes between humans and animals: "No fundamental position, philosophical or theological, is taken as ground for such rights, and hence we have only an exposure of certain logical weaknesses in the defence of existing practices towards animal life."
Hyslop also argues that Salt conflates disparate ethical questions:
   the book confuses three distinct problems which ought to be kept distinct from one another. (1) The abstract question of animal rights of any kind; (2) The question of their treatment as sensible beings, whether we accord them the same rights as man or not; and (3) The question of vegetarianism. The last question virtually assumes that they have equal rights with man. On the other hand, some can defend animal rights of a certain kind without including a prohibition of animal food. Then, independently of all questions of rights, others may insist on human conduct towards animals upon the grounds of man's duty to moral law in general.
In 1895, The William and Mary Quarterly said of the work: "Mr. Salt is undoubtedly ahead of his age by many years."

## Editions

The first American edition published in 1894, included an essay "On Vivisection in America" by Albert Leffingwell.
A reprint of the first edition of the book was published in 1980, with a preface by the Australian philosopher Peter Singer, who is well known for his work on the ethics of treatment towards animals (specifically in the book Animal Liberation). The 1980 reissue prompted a review from Stephen Clark who praised Salt's book with some provisos. He states that Salt's attempt to blame the treatment of non-human animals on the theological doctrine of man having "dominion" over the natural world was mistaken.
# 2012 United States Virgin Islands hemp referendum

A referendum on the use of industrial hemp was held in the United States Virgin Islands on 6 November 2012, alongside general elections. The proposal was approved by 57% of voters.

## Background

On 21 August 2012 the Legislature of the Virgin Islands voted by 10–4 to pass a law on the use of industrial hemp (hemp with a low tetrahydrocannabinol content). Governor John de Jongh signed it into law on 11 September 2012.

## Results

   Are you in favor of the Legislature enacting legislation that allows for the production, processing, manufacturing and distributing of industrial hemp in the Virgin Islands?
| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 4,559 | 57.47 |
| Against | Against | 3,374 | 42.53 |
| Total | Total | 7,933 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 7,933 | 27.70 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 20,710 | 72.30 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 28,643 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 49,886 | 57.42 |
| Source: Direct Democracy ||||
The unusually high number of blank votes was caused by the question being on the same ballot paper as the simultaneous general elections.
# Akiko (actress)

Akiko (亜希子, born 18 August 1989, in Chiba Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese actress, singer, and former member of the female idol group SDN48. Her real name is Akiko Oki (大木 亜紀子, Ōki Akiko). Her hobby is reading. Her skills are writing, playing basketball, long-distance running, and cooking.
Akiko's twin sister is Natsuko.

## Discography
### Singles

| Title | Notes |
| "Sado e Wataru" | As part of Under Girls B |
| "Awajishima no Tamanegi" | As part of Under Girls B |
| "Onedari Champagne" | As part of Under Girls A |
| "Gamjatang Bojō" | As part of Under Girls A |
| "Kurikuri" | As part of Under Girls A |

### Theatre performances

| Title | Songs |
| SDN48 1st Stage 2-kisei: Yūwaku no Garter | "Black boy" and "I'm sure" |

## Publications
### Videos

| Year | Title |
| 2007 | Akiko |
| 2007 | Natsuko-Akiko |
| 2011 | Akiko: Kyōshuku Body |

## Filmography
### TV drama

| Year | Title | Role | Network | Notes |
| 2005 | Nobuta wo Produce | Nami Saeki | NTV | |
| 2006 | Regatta: Kimi toita Eien | Aki Shinozuka | TV Asahi | |
| 2006 | Teppan Shōjo Akane!! | Mikan Katsura | TBS | |
| 2007 | Mirai Yuenchi | Maki | TV Asahi | |
| 2008 | Karuta Komachi | Sakyo Ichijo | Fuji TV | |
| 2008 | Koiuta Drama SP | Yuri Takamine | TBS | Episode 1 |
| 2010 | Tomehane! Suzuri Kōkō Shodōbu | Hiromi Hino | NHK-G | |
| 2010 | Uta Sera | Rumi | TBS | |
| 2014 | Tenchu: Yami no Shioki Hito | Etsuko | Fuji TV | |

### Variety series

| Year | Title | Network | Notes |
| 2005 | Toshiaki Karasawa Presents: Kioku no Chikara II | NTV | Debut |
| 2007 | Quiz! Hexagon II | Fuji TV | |
| 2007 | Mirai Kyōju Sawamura | Fuji TV | |
| 2007 | BS Brunch | BS-TBS | |
| 2008 | Goddotan | TV Tokyo | |
| | Nekketsu! Hobby Stadium | Kids Station, TVK | |
| 2010 | Suppon no Onna-tachi | TV Asahi | |
| 2011 | Rumi Matsushima no Monday Night 20! | A! To odoroku Hōsōkyoku | |

### Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2008 | Utatama | Kaede Matsumoto |
| 2008 | Hitorimake | Mio Satoda |

### Stage

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 2012 | Gekka no Orchestra | Co-starred with Natsuko |
| 2012 | Kono Ai yo Kanaunara Ureshī yo | |
| 2013 | Dai 1-kai Dig/esT Produce Kōen: O Ninpu-tachi no Lullaby | |

### Advertisements

* Title
* Toto Ltd.
* NTT Higashinihon Denpo
* Æon Group
* Panasonic
* Godiva

### Others

| Title | Notes |
| 100 Scene no Koi | Mobile drama |
| Inu Kaisha DS | As the voice of Sano-san |
# Kosiska, Łódź Voivodeship

Kosiska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżów, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south of Jeżów, 15 km (9 mi) east of Brzeziny, and 34 km (21 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Podżar

Podżar is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczerców, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Szczerców, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Bełchatów, and 57 km (35 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Bessière

Bessière is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Amiel-François Bessière [de] (1869–1923), French bishop of Constantine-Hippone
* Gérard Bessière (1928–2024), French diarist, poet, and priest
* Jean Bessière (born 1943), French professor of Comparative Literature
* Richard Bessière (1923–2011), French author
# Aphrodisiacs and Anti-aphrodisiacs

Aphrodisiacs and Anti-aphrodisiacs: Three Essays on the Powers of Reproduction is a 1869/1873 book by John Davenport in which the author provides an account of sexual rituals and symbols.

## Publication

John Camden Hotten prepared the book for the press. Dragana Đorđević believes the book to be backdated and argues that it was in fact printed in 1873 because "custom of back-dating a new text was as common in this business as the practice of up-dating an old one." 100 copies were advertised but 250 were actually printed.

## Reception

Steven Marcus regards it "with a certain amount of sympathy and respect."
# Republic Square (Ljubljana)

Republic Square or Square of the Republic (Slovene: Trg republike), at first named Revolution Square, is the largest square in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It was designed in the second half of the 20th century by Edvard Ravnikar. Independence of Slovenia was declared here on 26 June 1991. The National Assembly Building stands at its northern side and Cankar Hall at the southern side. In the 2010s the square was converted from a parking space to a pedestrian space.
# Moników

Moników is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Krzysztoporska, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution

The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution is a 1971 collection of essays by the philosopher Ayn Rand, in which the author argues that religion, the New Left, and similar forces are irrational and harmful. Most of the essays originally appeared in The Objectivist. A revised edition appeared in 1975, and an expanded edition edited by Peter Schwartz was published in 1999 under the title Return of the Primitive: The Anti-Industrial Revolution.

## Background

The inspiration for collecting these essays into a book came from a reader, who wrote Rand a letter complimenting several of the essays and suggesting she put them out as a book to counteract the influence of the New Left among college students.

## Publication history

The first edition of the book was published by New American Library in 1971, as a paperback under its Signet imprint. A revised edition, adding the essay "The Age of Envy", appeared in 1975.
In 1999, Rand's estate authorized publication of an expanded edition titled Return of the Primitive: The Anti-Industrial Revolution. It was edited by Peter Schwartz and added a new introduction by Schwartz, as well as two essays by Rand ("Racism" was included in The Virtue of Selfishness, and "Global Balkanization" was in The Voice of Reason) and three by Schwartz ("Gender Tribalism", "The Philosophy of Privation", and "Multicultural Nihilism").

## Reception

The book received little attention from reviewers when it was first released. In a survey of Rand's works, historian James T. Baker described the book's essays as "shrill proclamations" that are "more negative than positive, more destructive than constructive." Rand bibliographer Mimi Reisel Gladstein said the book's topics "seem dated", but "as Rand's predictions about the negative results of some of the practices she rails against come about, one begins to appreciate the perceptiveness of her logic."
# Caritas Moldova

Caritas Moldova is a Catholic not-for-profit social welfare and humanitarian relief organisation in Moldova. Caritas Moldova is a member of both the Caritas Europa and the Caritas Internationalis networks.

## History

On 10 May 1995, the "religious catholic mission" Caritas Moldova was registered as the social department of the Roman Catholic Church in Moldova, at the initiative of the Apostolic Administrator for Moldova, Anton Coșa. It operated through the Caritas branches in local parishes, consisting of a local director - the parish priest - and volunteers. On 2 June 2015, Caritas Moldova was reorganised as a charitable foundation under the same name.

## Work

Caritas Moldova implements projects to support vulnerable persons at the margins of Moldovan society. This includes educational programmes for children in four centres located in Tiraspol, Rașcov, Petropavlovca and Zârnești, and activities to improve the quality of life of elderly people. They benefit from a wide range of medical and social services provided by professionals at the home of the elderly in four locations. Another vulnerable group are the Romani people who struggle with low literacy rates. Caritas Moldova supports them with their "Reintegration Through Literacy" project.
People who return from EU countries are targeted by the activities from Caritas Moldova who provides them with reintegration support.
After he Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Caritas Moldova implemented large-scale relief projects to support the high number of Ukrainian refugees arriving in Moldova. This assistance consisted in cash and voucher support, accommodation, the provision of food and hygiene items and psychosocial and medical support. In 2022 alone, Caritas Moldova assisted 100,000 Ukrainian refugees, providing shelter, food, money and psychological support, and at least one hot meal a day to over 42,000 individuals in eight different national refugee centres. For this purpose, it received funding from other Caritas organisations around the world, as well as from institutional donors such as UNHCR.
Caritas Moldova's youth division "Young Caritas" organised activities for children and teenagers, including summer camps.
In its humanitarian work, Caritas Moldova applies the Sphere Standards.
Caritas Czech Republic has also been active in Moldova since 2004, through its own country office which opened in 2017. The American Caritas, Catholic Relief Services, is present in the country with its own country office as well.
# Cults in Our Midst

Cults in Our Midst: The Hidden Menace in Our Everyday Lives is a study of cults by Margaret Singer and Janja Lalich, Ph.D., with a foreword by Robert Jay Lifton.

## Overview

Singer writes:
   In this book I will use the term cult and cultic group to refer to any one of a large number of groups that have sprung up in our society and that are similar in the way that they originate, their power structure, and their governance. Cults range from the relatively benign to those that exercise extraordinary control over members' lives and use thought-reform processes to influence and control members. While the conduct of certain cults causes nonmembers to criticize them, the term cult is not in itself pejorative but simply descriptive. It denotes a group that forms around a person who claims to have a special mission or knowledge, which they will share with those who turn over most of their decision making to that self-appointed leader.

### Publication history

The book was reprinted by Jossey-Bass in 1996 in hardcover format. A 1997 Spanish was issued as Las Sectas Entre Nosotros ('The Sects Among Us'), and in German, as Sekten: Wie Menschen ihre Freiheit verlieren und wiedergewinnen können ('Sects: How people can lose and regain their freedom').
In 2003, a revised edition of the book titled Cults in Our Midst: The Continuing Fight Against Their Hidden Menace was published in paperback form by John Wiley & Sons, without Janja Lalich listed as co-author.
# Taeko Kawasumi

Taeko Kawasumi (河角 多恵子, Kawasumi Taeko, born October 30, 1972) is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan women's national football team.

## Club career

Kawasumi was born on October 30, 1972. She played for Tokyo Shidax LSC, Yomiuri-Seiyu Beleza and FC PAF.

## National team career

On June 3, 1988, when Kawasumi was 15 years old, she debuted for the Japan national team against Czechoslovakia. She played two games for Japan in 1988.

## National team statistics

Japan national team :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1988 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 2 | 0 |
# Aristotle (Shields book)

Aristotle is a 2007 book by Christopher Shields in which the author provides an introduction to Aristotle's thought. The book has been translated into Chinese, Turkish and Persian. The second edition of the book was published in 2014.

## Reception

Barbara Sattler calls the book "a very readable and helpful guide to Aristotle". Hamidreza Mahboobi Arani (from Tarbiat Modares University) won the Iranian Book Review Award for reviewing the book.
# Revolution Square, Moscow

Revolution Square (Russian: Площадь Революции, romanized: Ploshchad Revolyutsii), known as Resurrection Square (Russian: Воскресенская площадь, romanized: Voskresenskaya ploshchad) until 1918, is a square located in the center of Moscow, in Tverskoy District, northwest of Red Square. The square has the shape of an arc running from the southwest to the north and is bounded by Manezhnaya Square to the southwest, Okhotny Ryad to the north, and the buildings separating it from Nikolskaya Street to the south and to the east. It is one of the Central Squares of Moscow. The continuation of the Revolution Square north behind Okhotny Ryad is Teatralnaya Square.
There are three Moscow Metro stations located under the square, all of them having at least one exit at the square: Ploshchad Revolyutsii, named after the square, Teatralnaya, and Okhotny Ryad. All these stations are transfer stations, with Teatralnaya being connected with the other two.

## History

Originally, the Neglinnaya River, a tributary of the Moskva River, currently underground, was flowing through the area. Between 1534 and 1538, the wall of Kitay-gorod with the Iberian Gate and Chapel was constructed. In 1817–1819, the Neglinnaya was rebuilt as a tunnel, and thus the area became a square. It got the name of Voskresenskaya Square (Resurrection Square), after the other name of the Iberian Gate, Resurrection Gate. In 1918, the square was renamed by the Bolsheviks in honour of the October Revolution. In 1931, the Iberian Gate was demolished by the Soviet regime despite its historic status (restored in 1994–1995 after the break-up of the USSR), and in 1935, Hotel Moskva was built on the northern side of the square, separating it from Okhotny Ryad. The road traffic was subsequently separated, so that traffic from Tverskaya Street in the direction of Lubyanka Square followed Revolution Square, and road traffic in the reverse direction followed Okhotny Ryad. In 1993, all road traffic around the Moscow Kremlin was made unidirectional (in the clockwise direction), and Revolution Square ceased to be a through road. It is now pedestrianized.

## Notable buildings

* Hotel Metropol, located in the northwestern side of the square at the corner with Teatralny Lane, was built in 1899-1907 and is considered one of the finest Art Nouveau buildings in Moscow.
* Hotel Moskva, is located at the northern side of the square and separates it from Okhotny Ryad. It was built between 1932 and 1938 by Alexey Shchusev and rebuilt in 2014. The current building replicates the iconic facade of the original, following Shchusev's exterior plans as accurately as possible.
* The building of the Moscow City Hall, built in 1890-1892 by Dmitry Chichagov, was repurposed into a Lenin museum after the Bolshevik Revolution. It separates the Revolution Square from the Red Square.
* Resurrection Gate was built in 1535 and rebuilt in 1680. It was demolished on Joseph Stalin's orders in 1931, but, after the fall of the Soviet Union, the city restored the Resurrection Gate in 1994–1996. It connects the Revolution Square with the Red Square.