OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 283

Year 283 (CCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Carus and Carinus (or, less frequently, year 1036 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 283 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Spring: Emperor Carus makes his son Carinus the Augustus in the west.
* Exploiting the Persian civil war, Carus leaves Carinus in charge of much of the Roman Empire and, accompanied by his younger son Numerian, invades the Sassanid Empire. They sack Seleucia and Ctesiphon, the capital of the Persian kingdom, and they press on beyond the Tigris. For his victories, Carus receives the title of Persicus Maximus.
* The officer Diocles, the future Emperor Diocletian, distinguishes himself in the war against the Persians.
* Carinus campaigns with success in Britain and on the Rhine frontier.
* Summer: Carus dies in mysterious circumstances during the war against the Persians. Various sources claim he died of illness, was struck by lightning or was killed in combat.
* Carinus and Numerian succeed their father Carus. Numerian, who had accompanied his father into the Persian Empire, leads the army back to Roman territory.
* The corrector Aurelius Julianus usurps power in Pannonia but is defeated by Carinus.

#### Persian Empire

* The King of Kings Bahram II fights a civil war against his brother Hormizd, the king of Sakastan.

### By topic
#### Religion

* December 17 – Pope Caius succeeds Eutychian as the 28th pope of Rome.

## Births

* Eusebius of Vercelli, Christian bishop and saint (d. 371)
* Ge Hong, Chinese scholar and philosopher (d. 343)

## Deaths

* December 7 – Etychian, bishop of Rome
* Marcus Aurelius Carus, Roman emperor (b. 224)
* Shan Tao, Chinese scholar and politician (b. 205)
* Sima You (or Dayou), Chinese prince (b. 248)
* Sima Zhou (or Zijiang), Chinese prince (b. 227)
# Liam Sole

Liam Sole (born 21 December 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Championship club Livingston.

## Club career

Sole began his career in the youth academy of MK Dons, signing his first professional contract in May 2018.
He spent a short spell on loan at St Albans City in 2019 before leaving MK Dons permanently.
In October 2019, Sole signed a short-term contract with Nottingham Forest. However he left the club in 2020 without making a single first team appearance.
The midfielder rejoined St Albans City permanently in 2021. He joined Kings Langley on loan in February 2023.
Sole signed for Maidstone United ahead of the 2023–2024 season, and was part of the side that knocked then English Championship side Ipswich Town out of the FA Cup in January 2024.
In May 2024, Sole signed a pre-contract with Scottish side Livingston.
# Teya Penkova

Teya Plamenova Penkova (Bulgarian: Тея Пламенова Пенкова; born 8 September 1999) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Bulgaria women's national team.

## International career

Penkova capped for Bulgaria at senior level in a 3–0 friendly win against Luxembourg on 20 September 2020.
# 2000 in Germany

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 2000 in Germany.

## Incumbents
### Federal level

* President – Johannes Rau
* Chancellor – Gerhard Schröder

## Events

* 9–20 February - 50th Berlin International Film Festival
* 18 February - Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2000
* 27 February - Schleswig-Holstein state election, 2000
* 14 May - North Rhine-Westphalia state election, 2000
* 25 July – Air France Flight 4590 crashes near Paris, France shortly after taking off, killing 109 people mostly Germans, and 4 on the ground.
* 2 October - German company ProSiebenSat.1 Media was founded.
* Date unknown: German company Mannesmann is taken over by British company Vodafone.
* Date unknown: Fusion of German company VEBA and German company VIAG [de] to German company E.ON

## Sport

* 2000 Betty Barclay Cup
* 2000 Faber Grand Prix
* 2000 FIRA Women's European Championship
* 2000 Sparkassen Cup (tennis)
* 2000 WTA German Open

## Births

* 1 December - Sophia Flörsch, racing driver

## Deaths

* 4 January - Diether Krebs, German actor and comedian (born 1947)
* 7 January - Klaus Wennemann, German actor (born 1940)
* 8 January - Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (born 1918)
* 11 March - Alfred Schwarzmann, German gymnast (born 1912)
* 17 March - Harry Blum, German politician (born 1944)
* 10 April — Walter Stöhrer, German painter (born 1937)
* 21 May - Erich Mielke, German politician (born 1907)
* 22 May - Ernst-Dieter Lueg, journalist (born 1930)
* 21 August - Gustav Scholz, German boxer (born 1930)
* 2 October - Harald Wust, German general (born 1921)
* 20 October - Klaus Winter, German judge (born 1936)
* 15 October – Konrad Emil Bloch, biochemist (born 1912)
* 21 November Harald Leipnitz, German actor (born 1926)
* 12 December - Götz Friedrich, German opera and theatre director. (born 1930)
* 13 December -Erhard Krack, German politician (born 1931)
* 27 December - Mark Brandis (Nikolai von Michalewsky), journalist and science fiction author (born 1931)
# Kalelkar Commission

Adhering to Article 340 of the Constitution of India, the First Backward Classes Commission was set up by a presidential order on 29 January 1953 under the chairmanship of Kaka Kalelkar. It is also known as the First Backward Classes Commission, 1955 or the Kaka Kalelkar Commission.
# Michael Moriarty (author and educator)

Michael Moriarty (born 8 March 1954) is a native of County Carlow, Ireland, and the author of several motivational and Irish history-related books. For over twenty years (1997–2018), he was involved at the highest level of education and training in the Republic of Ireland, having been General Secretary of Education and Training Boards Ireland (ETBI) and of its predecessor the Irish Vocational Education Association (IVEA). From 2014 to 2020 he was also president of the European Federation of Education Employers (EFEE).

## Career

In 2019 Michael Moriarty published his first book on leadership development, Every Leader's Reality Guide. In 2020 he published his second book, What It Said in the Papers – The Execution of Kevin Barry, a historical account of the trial and execution of the Irish patriot Kevin Barry. In 2021 his third book on unleashing personal potential in the workplace, How to Bring Your Best Self to Work – Strategies for Career Success, was published.
From 1997 to 2018 Moriarty oversaw a major restructuring of the Further Education and Training (FET) sector in Ireland, which arose from the enactment of the Education and Training Boards Act 2013. The process included the renaming of IVEA to Education and Training Boards Ireland (ETBI) and the amalgamation of IVEA's 33 member Vocational Education Committees (VECs) into 16 statutory regional Education and Training Boards (ETBs) which also took on the training functions of FÁS, the dissolved national training authority.
From 2014 to 2020 Moriarty was president of the European Federation of Education Employers (EFEE) which is composed of education employer organisations from across the EU/EFTA countries. EFEE is a partner with ETUCE, the European Trade Union Committee for Education, in the European Sectoral Social Dialogue body for Education (ESSDE)], which is consulted by the European Commission on education policy and initiatives.
Moriarty was the chief executive of the since defunct Carlow Kildare Radio from 1989 to 1997.

## Board and other appointments

Moriarty served on the board of the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland from 2010 to 2015. He was a board member of the former national training authority FÁS prior to its dissolution in 2013, and was a member of Ireland's National Skills Council from 2017 to 2018. In 2021 Moriarty was appointed as a member of the Governing Body of Carlow College.
He is a former president of the County Carlow Chamber of Commerce and was a member of the executive committee of County Kildare Chamber.

## Awards and recognition

Moriarty received the Waterford Crystal Quality of Life Award in the Southeast Region in 1989 for his work in the community. In 2016, he was awarded the international Albert Schweitzer Leadership for Life award, in recognition of his lifelong commitment to education and his leadership in education, training and structural reform.
# 1195

Year 1195 (MCXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

## Events

* June 1 – Battle of Shamkor: Georgians defeat the Ildenizids of Azerbaijan.
* July 18 – Battle of Alarcos: Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur decisively defeats Castilian King Alfonso VIII.
* The Priory of St Mary's is founded in Bushmead.
* Alexius III Angelus overthrows Isaac II, and becomes Byzantine Emperor.

## Births

* August 15 – Anthony of Padua, Portuguese preacher and saint (d. 1231)
* Princess Shōshi of Japan (d. 1211)
* Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester (d. 1265)

## Deaths

* March 3 – Hugh de Puiset, bishop of Durham (b. c. 1125)
* August 6 – Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria (b. 1129)
* October 13 – Gualdim Pais, Great Master of the Templars in Portugal (b. 1118)
* December 17 – Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut (b. 1150)
* Ascelina, French nun and mystic (b. 1121)
# Higashi-Tagonoura Station

Higashi-Tagonoura Station (東田子の浦駅, Higashi-Tagonoura-eki) is a railway station in the city of Fuji, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai ).

## Lines

Higashi-Tagonoura Station is served by the JR Tōkai Tōkaidō Main Line, and is located 137.4 kilometers from the official starting point of the line at Tokyo.

## Station layout

Higashi-Tagonoura Station has a single side platform serving Track 1 and an island platform serving Track 2 and Track 3, connected to the station building by a footbridge. Track 2 is used for through transit of express trains, as is Track 4 (without platform) to the outside of Track 3. The station is staffed.

### Platforms

| 1 | ■ Tōkaidō Main Line | For Fuji・Shizuoka |
| 2 | ■ Tōkaidō Main Line | For express trains |
| 3 | ■ Tōkaidō Main Line | For Numazu・Mishima・Atami |

## Adjacent stations

| « | Service | » |
| Central Japan Railway Company |||||
| Tōkaidō Main Line CA06 |||||
| Rapid: Does not stop at this station |||||
| Yoshiwara CA07 | Local | Hara CA05 |

## History

Higashi-Tagonoura Station was opened on September 15, 1949, primarily as a commuter station serving workers for nearby heavy industry.
Station numbering was introduced to the section of the Tōkaidō Line operated JR Central in March 2018; Higashi-Tagonoura Station was assigned station number CA06.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 1430 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).

## Surrounding area

* Japan National Route 1
# Negativicoccus

Negativicoccus is a Gram-negative and anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Veillonellaceae.
# Nathan Moses

Nathan Moss (March 2, 1819 – May 6, 1887) was a merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented Yarmouth township in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1855 to 1859.
He was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, the son of William Frances Moses and Lydia Butler. Moses married Sarah Ryerson. Moses was a justice of the peace from 1863 to 1887. He died in Halifax at the age of 68.
# 786

Year 786 (DCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 786th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 786th year of the 1st millennium, the 86th year of the 8th century, and the 7th year of the 780s decade. The denomination 786 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* King Charles the Younger, son of Charlemagne and ruler of Aquitaine, visits Monte Cassino and Capua, both in Beneventan territory. Prince Arechis II, feeling threatened by the Franks, decides that he needs to stop quarrelling with the Byzantine Duchy of Naples so he can focus on the Frankish foe. Prince Arechis II therefore signs a peace agreement, or 'pactum', with the Duchy of Naples.

#### Britain

* Cyneheard, brother of the late king Sigeberht, ambushes and kills his rival Cynewulf of Wessex, while he is at Meretun (now called Marten) with his mistress. The Wessex nobles refuse to recognise Cyneheard as king.
* Cyneheard is executed and succeeded by Beorhtric, through the support of King Offa of Mercia. His rival claimant to the Wessex throne, a distant nephew of the late king Ine, named Egbert, is driven across the Channel.
* Egbert settles at the court of Charlemagne, and learns the arts of government during his time in Gaul. During his stay he meets Eadberht, a priest, who later becomes king of Kent.

#### Abbasid Caliphate

* June 11 – Battle of Fakhkh: An Alid uprising in Medina is crushed by the Abbasids. One of the Alids, Idris ibn Abdallah, flees to the Maghreb in western North Africa, where he later founds the Idrisid dynasty in 788/789.
* September 14 – Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, upon the death of his brother Al-Hadi. He appoints Salim Yunisi as governor of Sindh and the Indus Valley.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Beatus of Liébana, monk and theologian, publishes his Commentary on the Apocalypse.

## Births

* October 10 – Saga, emperor of Japan (d. 842)
* Adelochus, archbishop of Strasbourg (d. 823)
* Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar, Muslim mathematician (d. 833)
* Al-Ma'mun, Muslim caliph (d. 833)
* Sahl ibn Bishr, Muslim astrologer (approximate date)
* Tachibana no Kachiko, empress of Japan (d. 850)

## Deaths

* June 11 – Al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid, anti-Abbasid rebel leader
* September 14 – Al-Hadi, Muslim caliph (b. 764)
* September – Marajil, mother of caliph al-Ma'mun.
* October 16 – Lullus, archbishop of Mainz
* Abo of Tiflis, Christian martyr
* Al-Rabi' ibn Yunus, Muslim minister (or 785)
* Cyneheard the Ætheling, nobleman of Wessex
* Cynewulf, king of Wessex
* Desiderius, king of the Lombards (approximate date)
* Diarmait mac Conaing, king of South Brega (Ireland)
* Sakanoue no Karitamaro, Japanese general (b. 727)
* Tipraiti mac Taidg, king of Connacht (Ireland)
* Empress Wang (Dezong) of China
# Gay Marriage: For Better or for Worse?

Gay Marriage: For Better or for Worse? What We've Learned from the Evidence is a 2006 book about same-sex marriage and civil partnership by William N. Eskridge Jr. and Darren R. Spedale, published by Oxford University Press.

## Reviews

* Cole, David (2 July 2009). "The Same-Sex Future". The New York Review of Books. Vol. 56, no. 11. pp. 12–16. ISSN 0028-7504.
* Pinello, Daniel R. (2008). "Book Reviews". Law & Society Review. 42 (1): 227–229. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00339_1.x. ISSN 0023-9216. JSTOR 29734110.
* Smith, Raymond A. (2007). "Book Reviews". Political Science Quarterly. 122 (2): 329–330. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2007.tb01626.x. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 20202861.
* Weston, Beau (January 2007). "Social & Behavioral Sciences". Choice. Vol. 44, no. 5. p. 909. ISSN 0009-4978. ProQuest 225748272.
* Zabcik, Brian (November 2006). "Wedding Planners". The American Lawyer. Vol. 28, no. 11. pp. 75–76. ISSN 0162-3397. Archived from the original on 27 November 2006.
# Pammeces lithochroma

Pammeces lithochroma is a moth of the family Agonoxenidae. It was described by Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham, in 1897. It is found in the West Indies.
# 1157

Year 1157 (MCLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

## Events

* January 12–March 16 – Caliph Al-Muqtafi successfully defends Baghdad against the coalition forces of Sultan Muhammad of Hamadan, and Atabeg Qutb-adin of Mosul.
* Albert I of Brandenburg begins his ruthless program to pacify the Slavic region.
* June 11 – Albert I of Brandenburg, also called The Bear (Ger: Albrecht der Bär), becomes the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, Germany and the first Margrave.
* July – Henry II launches a campaign against Owain Gwynedd in north Wales. Although Owain defeats him at the Battle of Ewloe he eventually submits to Henry and pays homage.
* August 12 – The 1157 Hama earthquake takes place after a year of foreshocks. Its name is taken from the city of Hama, in west-central Syria (then under Seljuk rule), where the most casualties are sustained.
* August 21 – Sancho III and Ferdinand II, the sons of King Alfonso VII of Castile, divide his kingdom between them upon his death.
* October 23 – Battle of Grathe Heath: A civil war in Denmark ends with the death of King Sweyn III. Valdemar I of Denmark becomes king of all Denmark, and restores and rebuilds the country.
* Henry II of England grants special trading privileges to the Hansa merchants of Cologne in London who lend him money at interest.
* Henry II of England grants a charter to the merchants of Lincoln (approximate date).
* Nur ad-Din Zengi besieges the Knights Hospitaller in the crusader fortress of Banyas, routs a relief army led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem, and takes Grand Master Bertrand de Blanquefort prisoner.

## Births

* September 8 – King Richard I of England (d. 1199)
* Alexander Neckham, English scholar, teacher, theologian and abbot of Cirencester Abbey (d. 1217)
* Leopold V of Austria, Duke of Austria from 1177 and Duke of Styria from 1192 until his death (d. 1194)
* Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary, Queen of England by marriage to Henry the Young King and queen of Hungary and Croatia by marriage to Béla III of Hungary (d. 1197)
* Tomoe Gozen, female Samurai warrior and military leader (d. 1247)

## Deaths

* January 24 or January 25 – Agnes of Babenberg, Politically active High Duchess consort of Poland (b. 1111)
* May 8 – Ahmed Sanjar, Great Seljuk Sultan (b. 1084 or 1086)
* May 15 – Yury Dolgoruky, Russian prince (b. c. 1099)
* August 21 – King Alfonso VII of Castile (b. 1105)
* October 23 – King Sweyn III of Denmark (b.c. 1125) (in battle)
* date unknown – King Eystein II of Norway (b.c. 1125)
# Parent Rescue

Parent Rescue was a six-part documentary series, produced and broadcast by the SBS. The series explored the exasperating job of raising kids and looked at the role of the family services group Karitane in helping desperate parents.
# Progress and Poverty Institute

The Progress and Poverty Institute, founded in 1925 as the Robert Schalkenbach Foundation, is a private operating foundation dedicated to the social and economic philosophy of Henry George through publication and research. Among its activities, the Institute publishes The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, funds the Henry George Chair in Economics at St. John's University, and supports the Henry George Lecture Series at the University of Scranton.

## History

The organization was founded in 1925 to promote public awareness of the social and economic philosophy of Henry George and keep his works in print. It is the oldest Georgist organization in existence, and actively supports Georgist ideas such as land value taxation, as well as carbon pricing, zoning reform, community land trusts and universal basic income.

## Activities

The Institute, in partnership with Wiley Publishing, sponsors The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. Founding editor Will Lissner, who served from 1941 to 1989, was assisted for many years by Dorothy Burnham Lissner. Subsequent editors-in-chief include Frank C. Genovese, Laurence S. Moss (1997-2009), Clifford W. Cobb, and Richard H. Cebula (2022-).
In 1986, the Institute funded the Henry George Chair in Economics at The Peter J. Tobin College of Business of St. John's University. Holders of the named chair include Northrup Buechner (1981-1991), Joseph A. Giacallone (1991-2019) and Aleksandr V. Gevorkyan (2019-).
The Society also supports the Henry George Lecture Series, a public lecture series on economics held annually since 1986 at the University of Scranton. A number of lecturers from the series have subsequently won the Nobel Prize.
The Progress and Poverty Institute, along with the Center for the Study of Economics, co-sponsors the Center for Property Tax Reform (CPTR), a nonprofit for research into property taxes.

## Leadership

The organization's executive director is Josie Faass. Past directors have included economists Mason Gaffney and Nicolaus Tideman.

## Funding

As of 2021 the Institute receives grants from the Francis Neilson Trust Fund. It holds approximately $18 million in assets.

## Publications
### Books

* Progress and Poverty by Henry George
* Social Statics, or The Conditions essential to Happiness specified, and the First of them Developed by Herbert Spencer
* Land title origins, a tale of force and fraud by Alfred Noblit Chandler
* Protection or Free Trade by Henry George
* Crumbling Foundations: how faulty institutions create world poverty by David Smiley
* Rent as Public Revenue: Issues and Methods by Lindy Davies, Gilbert Herman, et al.
* Democracy Versus Socialism: A Critical Examination of Socialism as a Remedy for Social Injustice and an Exposition of the Single Tax Doctrine by Max Hirsch
* Why Global Poverty?: A Companion Guide to the Film The End of Poverty? by Clifford Cobb
* New Life In Old Cities by Mason Gaffney
* The Science of Political Economy by Henry George

### Journals

* Sponsor of The American Journal of Economics and Sociology

### Film

* The End of Poverty?
# List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids

The following is a list of programming carried by the defunct American digital cable network Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids (shortened to Nick GaS), which aired from 1999 until the end of 2007, when it was replaced on most systems by a 24-hour version of The N.

## Former programming
### Games and sports

* Double Dare (1999–2007; 1999–2009 on Dish Network)
** Double Dare 2000 (2002-2007; 2002-2009 on Dish Network)
** Family Double Dare (1999-2005)
** Super Sloppy Double Dare (1999-2005)
** Super Special Double Dare
* Figure It Out (1999–2007; 1999–2009 on Dish Network)
** Figure It Out: Family Style
** Figure It Out: Wild Style
* Finders Keepers (1999–2006)
* Gamefarm (2003–2004)
* Get the Picture (1999–2007; 1999–2009 on Dish Network)
* Global Guts (1999–2005)
* Legends of the Hidden Temple (1999–2007; 1999–2009 on Dish Network)
* Make the Grade (2000–2004)
* Maximum Rocket Power Games (2002–2003)
* Nick Arcade (1999–2007; 1999–2009 on Dish Network)
* Nickelodeon All-Star Challenge (2002–2004)
* Nickelodeon Guts (1999–2007; 1999–2009 on Dish Network)
* Nickelodeon Robot Wars (2003–2004)
* Play 2 Z (2003–2004)
* Scaredy Camp (2003–2005)
* SK8-TV (1999–2005)
* Splash TV (2002–2004)
* Sports Illustrated For Kids (1999)
* Think Fast (1999–2004)
* Topspin (2003)
* What Would You Do? (1999–2005)
* Wild & Crazy Kids (1999–2005)
* You're On! (1999–2004)

### Other programming

* Nickelodeon Sports Theater with Shaquille O'Neal (1999)
* Cousin Skeeter (1999-2000)
* Kenan & Kel (1999-2000)
* Nick News with Linda Ellerbee (2000; 2003; 2005) (special airings only)
* Renford Rejects (1999–2000)
* Rocket Power (2003–2005)
* Salute Your Shorts (1999; 2003–2004)
* Speed Racer X (2004–2005)

## Programming blocks

* Camp GAS (2000–2004)
* Extreme GAS (1999–2002)
* Family Fuel (1999–2002)
* Heads Up! (2001–2002)
* Crime Time (2001-2003)
* Pumping GAS (1999–2005)
* Wild Card (1999–2002)
* All Access GAS (1999-2000)
* Double Dare Double Play (1999-2000)
# Lothan Cousins

Lothan Cousins is a Jamaican People's National Party politician who has been Member of Parliament for Clarendon South Western since 2020. He attended the University of the West Indies.
# Vsevolod Nihaev

Vsevolod Nihaev (born 4 May 1999) is a Moldovan football player who currently plays as a midfielder for Moldovan Super Liga club Petrocub Hîncești. He also holds Russian citizenship as Vsevolod Pavlovich Nikhayev (Russian: Всеволод Павлович Нихаев).

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Akron Tolyatti on 27 February 2021 in a game against FC Veles Moscow.
On 31 August 2024 Nihaev joined Petrocub Hîncești.