# Tonghai County

Tonghai County (Chinese: 通海县; pinyin: Tōnghǎi Xiàn) is located in Yuxi Prefecture-level City, Yunnan Province, China.

## Geography

Tonghai County occupies the fertile valley of Qilu Lake, surrounded on all sides by mountains. The county seat is located on the south side of the lake, separated from the lake by a mile-wide strip of farmland.
The county's southernmost part, including the Dagao Dai and Yi Ethnic Township and Lishan Yi Ethnic Township, is separated from the rest of the county by mountains; it is outside of the Qilu Lake basin, and is drained into the Qu River instead.
In 1970, a powerful earthquake struck the area.

## History

The area around Qilu Lake has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic period. In the Tang dynasty it was the base of a general. For many centuries it was the political, economic and military center of southern Yunnan.
Soon after the formation of PRC, the area of today's Tonghai County was organized as two counties: Tonghai and Hexi (in the western part of today's Tonghai County). The two counties were merged into Qilu County (杞麓县) on November 22, 1956. On October 22, 1959, Qilu County was renamed Tonghai County.
The county includes a large Muslim (Hui) population. Centers of Hui culture include Dahui and Xiaohui villages in Hexi Township, as well as Nagu Town, with its Najiaying Mosque.
Xingmeng Mongol Ethnic Township, home to the Yunnan Mongols (Khatso), is the only Mongol ethnic township in Yunnan.

## Administrative divisions

Tonghai County has 2 subdistricts, 4 towns and 3 ethnic townships.

### 2 subdistricts

* Xiushan (秀山街道)
* Jiulong (九龙街道)

### 4 towns

| Yangguang (杨广镇) Hexi (河西镇) | Sijie (四街镇) Nagu (纳古镇) |

### 3 ethnic townships

* Lishan Yi (里山彝族乡)
* Gaoda Dai and Yi (高大傣族彝族乡)
* Xingmeng Mongol (兴蒙蒙古族乡)

## Transportation

Bus routes:
* Jianshui County (2hr)
* Gejiu (2hr)
* Hekou (13hr)
* Kaiyuan (4hr)
* Kunming (2hr)
Railway:
* Yuxi–Mengzi Railway (a section of the standard gauge Kunming–Hekou Railway). The passenger station, Tonghai Station, is located at Jiulong, a few kilometers west of the county seat.

## Climate

Climate data for Tonghai, elevation 1,802 m (5,912 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.7 (74.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 28.3 (82.9) | 30.7 (87.3) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.6 (87.1) | 29.3 (84.7) | 29.3 (84.7) | 27.7 (81.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 24.5 (76.1) | 32.4 (90.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) | 18.9 (66.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.1 (75.4) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.1 (77.2) | 25.1 (77.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 21.4 (70.5) | 19.4 (66.9) | 16.2 (61.2) | 22.0 (71.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) | 12.2 (54.0) | 15.4 (59.7) | 17.8 (64.0) | 20.2 (68.4) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.7 (69.3) | 20.3 (68.5) | 19.1 (66.4) | 16.5 (61.7) | 13.1 (55.6) | 10.1 (50.2) | 16.4 (61.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) | 6.5 (43.7) | 9.5 (49.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 15.5 (59.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 13.3 (55.9) | 8.7 (47.7) | 5.6 (42.1) | 12.1 (53.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | −0.9 (30.4) | −3.2 (26.2) | 3.2 (37.8) | 6.7 (44.1) | 11.5 (52.7) | 11.9 (53.4) | 11.2 (52.2) | 7.8 (46.0) | 4.3 (39.7) | −1.2 (29.8) | −5.5 (22.1) | −5.5 (22.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.6 (1.09) | 16.8 (0.66) | 21.4 (0.84) | 39.9 (1.57) | 82.9 (3.26) | 145.7 (5.74) | 183.6 (7.23) | 150.4 (5.92) | 99.7 (3.93) | 74.4 (2.93) | 35.1 (1.38) | 16.5 (0.65) | 894 (35.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.4 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 8.1 | 11.5 | 15.1 | 19.7 | 19.0 | 13.5 | 11.4 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 121.3 |
| Average snowy days | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70 | 62 | 57 | 59 | 67 | 77 | 81 | 82 | 80 | 80 | 77 | 75 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 222.2 | 225.2 | 255.9 | 259.5 | 224.5 | 152.8 | 121.5 | 135.2 | 130.5 | 141.6 | 191.5 | 197.6 | 2,258 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 66 | 70 | 68 | 68 | 54 | 37 | 29 | 34 | 36 | 40 | 59 | 60 | 52 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administrationall-time extreme temperature ||||||||||||||