# Miyakonojō

Miyakonojō (都城市, Miyakonojō-shi) is a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 158,235 in 72394 households, and a population density of 240 persons per km$^2$. The total area of the city is 653.36 km$^2$ (252.26 sq mi), making it the largest city in the prefecture in terms of area.

## Geography

Miyakonojō is located at the southwestern tip of Miyazaki Prefecture in the Miyakonojō basin, approximately 50 km west-southwest of Miyazaki City and approximately 90 km east-northeast of Kagoshima City. The northern, western, and southern parts of the city border Kagoshima Prefecture.The Ōyodo River flows roughly from north to south through the center of the city, and the city is surrounded by the Kirishima Mountains to the west and the Wanizuka Mountains to the east.

### Neighboring municipalities

Kagoshima Prefecture
* Kirishima
* Shibushi
* Soo
Miyazaki Prefecture
* Kobayashi
* Kushima
* Mimata
* Miyazaki
* Nichinan
* Takaharu

### Climate

Miyakonojō has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), but is cooler than other cities in Miyazaki. The average temperature is 16.8 °C (62.2 °F), and it rains less than in Miyazaki City. The area's climate is influenced by its proximity to mountains.
Climate data for Miyakonojō (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1942−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) | 23.5 (74.3) | 27.1 (80.8) | 30.4 (86.7) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.4 (93.9) | 37.2 (99.0) | 39.4 (102.9) | 35.2 (95.4) | 34.0 (93.2) | 28.0 (82.4) | 24.4 (75.9) | 39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.1 (53.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.6 (70.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 27.1 (80.8) | 31.4 (88.5) | 32.1 (89.8) | 29.3 (84.7) | 24.8 (76.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 14.2 (57.6) | 22.4 (72.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) | 7.7 (45.9) | 11.0 (51.8) | 15.6 (60.1) | 19.8 (67.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 26.7 (80.1) | 27.0 (80.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 19.1 (66.4) | 13.5 (56.3) | 8.1 (46.6) | 16.8 (62.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) | 2.3 (36.1) | 5.7 (42.3) | 10.2 (50.4) | 14.9 (58.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.4 (74.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 14.4 (57.9) | 8.4 (47.1) | 2.8 (37.0) | 12.2 (53.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) | −8.5 (16.7) | −5.9 (21.4) | −2.7 (27.1) | 2.3 (36.1) | 9.1 (48.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 6.3 (43.3) | −0.8 (30.6) | −4.8 (23.4) | −7.8 (18.0) | −9.8 (14.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 66.1 (2.60) | 106.2 (4.18) | 163.3 (6.43) | 184.3 (7.26) | 207.8 (8.18) | 559.7 (22.04) | 447.0 (17.60) | 320.9 (12.63) | 314.2 (12.37) | 131.6 (5.18) | 94.0 (3.70) | 74.6 (2.94) | 2,694.2 (106.07) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.6 | 8.1 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 16.4 | 13.2 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 122 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 73 | 82 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 75 | 76 | 73 | 75 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 167.2 | 155.2 | 169.4 | 173.9 | 169.2 | 103.1 | 168.2 | 183.6 | 149.1 | 172.4 | 158.5 | 164.8 | 1,934.5 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Miyakonojō in 2020 is 160,640 people. Miyakonojō has been conducting censuses since 1920.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1920 | 104,733 | — |
| 1925 | 115,475 | +10.3% |
| 1930 | 127,302 | +10.2% |
| 1935 | 132,880 | +4.4% |
| 1940 | 132,166 | −0.5% |
| 1945 | 165,910 | +25.5% |
| 1950 | 172,668 | +4.1% |
| 1955 | 179,587 | +4.0% |
| 1960 | 175,708 | −2.2% |
| 1965 | 166,237 | −5.4% |
| 1970 | 157,589 | −5.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1975 | 159,621 | +1.3% |
| 1980 | 172,655 | +8.2% |
| 1985 | 175,728 | +1.8% |
| 1990 | 172,593 | −1.8% |
| 1995 | 174,054 | +0.8% |
| 2000 | 171,812 | −1.3% |
| 2005 | 170,955 | −0.5% |
| 2010 | 169,633 | −0.8% |
| 2015 | 165,029 | −2.7% |
| 2020 | 160,640 | −2.7% |
Miyakonojō population statistics :

## History

The area of Miyakonojō was part of ancient Hyūga Province. In 1026, near the end of the Heian period, it was site of the Shimazu Estate, the largest shōen (landed estate or manor) of medieval Japan. Expanded substantially in the first half of the 12th century, it eventually covered large portions of Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga Provinces. In 1185, Koremune no Tadahisa was appointed as jitō of the estate, and adopted the name of the manor, thus founding the Shimazu clan. The area was ruled by the Hongō clan, a cadet branch of the Shimazu, in the Muromachi period, and with a kokudaka of 40,000 koku, was the largest of the autonomous territories within Satsuma Domain in the Edo period. Following the Meiji restoration, the town of Miyakonojō was established on May 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. It was elevated to city status on April 1, 1924.
On January 1, 2006, the towns of Takajō, Takazaki, Yamada and Yamanokuchi (all from Kitamorokata District) were merged into Miyakonojō.

## Government

Miyakonojō has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 29 members. Miyakonojō contributes six members to the Miyazaki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Miyazaki 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Many of Miyakonojō's citizens work as farmers. They produce gobō, meat, and bell peppers. Miyakonojō is also home to some agriculture-related manufacturing.
Miyakonojō is also famous for producing traditional Japanese archery bows from the abundant bamboo in the area.

## Education

Miyakonojō has 35 public elementary schools and 19 public junior high schools operated by the city government. The city has six public high schools operated by the Miyazaki Prefectural Board of Education. There are also two private high schools. The prefecture operates two special education schools for the handicapped.

## Transportation
### Railways

JR Kyushu - Nippō Main Line
* Aoidake - Yamanokuchi - < Mochibaru - Mimata > - Miyakonojō - Nishi-Miyakonojō - Isoichi
JR Kyushu - Kitto Line
* Hyūga Maeda - Takasaki Shinden - Higashi Takasaki - Mangatsuka - Tanigashira - Hyūga Shōnai - Miyakonojō

### Highways

* Miyazaki Expressway
* National Route 10
* National Route 221
* National Route 222
* National Route 223
* National Route 269

## Sister citiess

* Jiangjin, Chongqing, China, friendship city since November 1999
* Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, friendship city since November 1999

## Notable resident of Miyakonojō

* Hideo Higashikokubaru, a famous comedian and the former Governor of Miyazaki.
* Kōsei Inoue, Olympic Gold Medalist in Judo.
* Masatoshi Nagase, actor.
* Tomoji Tanabe, the world's oldest man 1895–2009, was born and lived in Miyakonojō.
* Gōgen Yamaguchi, known as "The Cat", was a renowned martial arts master of the Gōjū-ryū style of Karate.
* Jūzō Yamasaki, the manga artist was born in Miyakonojō.
* Yuya Yanagi, a professional baseball player for the Chunichi Dragons.

## Local attractions

* Imamachi Ichirizuka, National Historic Site
* Ōshima Hatakeda Site, National Historic Site