# 1824–25 United States Senate elections

The 1824–25 United States Senate Elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1824 and 1825, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Jacksonians gained a majority over the Anti-Jacksonian National Republican Party.

## Results summary

Senate party division, 19th Congress (1825–1827)
* Majority party: Jacksonian (26)
* Minority party: Anti-Jacksonian (22)
* Total seats: 48

## Change in composition
### Before the elections

| | | | | | | DR$_1$ | DR$_1$ | DR$_3$ | DR$_4$ |
| DR$_{14}$ | DR$_{13}$ | DR$_{12}$ | DR$_{11}$ | DR$_{10}$ | DR$_9$ | DR$_8$ | DR$_7$ | DR$_6$ | DR$_5$ |
| DR$_{15}$ | DR$_{16}$ | DR$_{17}$ | DR$_{18}$ | DR$_{19}$ | DR$_{20}$ | DR$_{21}$ | DR$_{22}$ | DR$_{23}$ | DR$_{24}$ |
| DR$_{24}$ |||||||||
| DR$_{34}$ Ohio Ran new party | DR$_{33}$ N.C. Ran new party | DR$_{32}$ Mo. Ran new party | DR$_{31}$ Md. Ran new party | DR$_{30}$ La. Ran new party | DR$_{29}$ Conn. Ran new party | DR$_{28}$ | DR$_{27}$ | DR$_{26}$ | DR$_{25}$ |
| DR$_{35}$ S.C. Ran new party | DR$_{36}$ Ala. Unknown | DR$_{37}$ Ga. Unknown | DR$_{38}$ Ill. Unknown | DR$_{39}$ Ky. Unknown | DR$_{40}$ N.H. Unknown | DR$_{41}$ Ind. Retired | DR$_{42}$ Pa. Retired | DR$_{43}$ Vt. Retired | Fa$_5$ N.Y. Retired |
| | | | | | | Fa$_1$ | Fa$_2$ | Fa$_3$ | Fa$_4$ |

### Election results

| | | | | | | DR$_1$ | DR$_1$ | DR$_3$ | DR$_4$ |
| DR$_{14}$ | DR$_{13}$ | DR$_{12}$ | DR$_{11}$ | DR$_{10}$ | DR$_9$ | DR$_8$ | DR$_7$ | DR$_6$ | DR$_5$ |
| DR$_{15}$ | DR$_{16}$ | DR$_{17}$ | DR$_{18}$ | DR$_{19}$ | DR$_{20}$ | DR$_{21}$ | DR$_{22}$ | DR$_{23}$ | DR$_{24}$ |
| DR$_{24}$ |||||||||
| AJ$_6$ Pa. Gain | AJ$_5$ Ohio Gain | AJ$_4$ Ind. Gain | AJ$_3$ Vt. Re-elected new party | AJ$_2$ Mo. Re-elected new party | AJ$_1$ La. Re-elected new party | DR$_{28}$ | DR$_{27}$ | DR$_{26}$ | DR$_{25}$ |
| V$_1$ Conn. DR Loss | V$_2$ N.Y. F Loss | J$_8$ N.H. Gain | J$_7$ Ky. Gain | J$_6$ Ill. Gain | J$_5$ Ga. Gain | J$_4$ Ala. Gain | J$_3$ S.C. Re-elected new party | J$_2$ N.C. Re-elected new party | J$_1$ Md. Re-elected new party |
| | | | | | | Fa$_1$ | Fa$_2$ | Fa$_3$ | Fa$_4$ |

### Beginning of the next Congress

| | | | | | | AJ$_1$ | AJ$_2$ | AJ$_3$ | AJ$_4$ |
| AJ$_{14}$ | AJ$_{13}$ | AJ$_{12}$ | AJ$_{11}$ | AJ$_{10}$ | AJ$_9$ | AJ$_8$ | AJ$_7$ | AJ$_6$ | AJ$_5$ |
| AJ$_{15}$ | AJ$_{16}$ | AJ$_{17}$ | AJ$_{18}$ | AJ$_{19}$ | AJ$_{20}$ | V$_1$ | V$_2$ | V$_3$ | J$_{25}$ |
| Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | Majority → | J$_{24}$ |
| J$_{15}$ | J$_{16}$ | J$_{17}$ | J$_{18}$ | J$_{19}$ | J$_{20}$ | J$_{21}$ | J$_{22}$ | J$_{23}$ | J$_{24}$ |
| J$_{14}$ | J$_{13}$ | J$_{12}$ | J$_{11}$ | J$_{10}$ | J$_9$ | J$_8$ | J$_7$ | J$_6$ | J$_5$ |
| | | | | | | J$_1$ | J$_2$ | J$_3$ | J$_4$ |
| Key: | 18th Congress 19th Congress DR$_#$ Democratic-Republican AJ$_#$ Anti-Jacksonian F$_#$ Federalist J$_#$ Jacksonian   V$_#$ Vacant |

## Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

### Special elections during the 18th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1824 or before March 4, 1825; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Delaware (Class 2) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Incumbent re-elected late January 9, 1824. Federalist gain. | ▌Y Nicholas Van Dyke (Federalist) 18 ▌Andrew Gray (Democratic-Republican) 9 Blank 1 |
| Delaware (Class 1) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Caesar A. Rodney (DR) resigned January 29, 1823 in the previous Congress. Successor elected January 13, 1824. Federalist gain. | ▌Y Thomas Clayton (Federalist) 19 ▌Henry M. Ridgely (Federalist) 9 ▌William H. White (Federalist) 1 |
| Louisiana (Class 3) | James Brown | Democratic- Republican | 1819 | Incumbent resigned December 10, 1823 to become U.S. Minister to France. Successor elected January 15, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor later re-elected; see below. | ▌Y Josiah S. Johnston (Adams-Clay D-R) 29 ▌Edward Livingston (Jackson D-R) 27 |
| Connecticut (Class 2) | Henry W. Edwards | Democratic- Republican | 1823 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected May 5, 1824. | ▌Y Henry W. Edwards (Jackson D-R) [data missing] |
| Louisiana (Class 2) | Henry Johnson | Democratic- Republican | 1818 (appointed) 1823 (special) | Incumbent resigned May 27, 1824 to become Governor of Louisiana. Successor elected November 19, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Dominique Bouligny (Adams-Clay D-R) 33 ▌J. H. Harper (Unknown) 14 votes ▌P. Thomas (Unknown) 11 votes |
| Illinois (Class 3) | Ninian Edwards | Democratic- Republican | 1818 1819 | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1824. Successor elected November 24, 1824 on the third ballot, but not to next term. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y John McLean (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
| Georgia (Class 2) | Nicholas Ware | Democratic- Republican | 1821 (special) 1823 | Incumbent died September 7, 1824. Successor elected December 6, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Thomas W. Cobb (Jackson D-R) [data missing] |
| Virginia (Class 2) | John Taylor | Democratic- Republican | 1792 (special) 1793 | Died August 21, 1824. Successor elected December 7, 1824. Democratic-Republican hold. | ▌Y Littleton Tazewell (Jackson D-R) [data missing] |

### Races leading to the 19th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1825 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Alabama | William Kelly | Democratic-Republican (Jackson faction) | 1822 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Henry H. Chambers (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Connecticut | James Lanman | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in 1824 but disqualified. Democratic-Republican loss. | ▌Y James Lanman (Unknown) [data missing] |
| Georgia | John Elliott | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1819 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y John M. Berrien (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Illinois | Ninian Edwards | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 1819 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824 on the tenth ballot. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Elias Kane (Jacksonian) 28 ▌Samuel D. Lockwood (Anti-Jacksonian) 21 ▌Thomas Sloo Jr. (Jacksonian) 2 ▌Edward Coles (Independent) 1 |
| Indiana | Waller Taylor | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1816 1818 | Incumbent retired. Successor elected in 1825 on the fourth ballot. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y William Hendricks (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Kentucky | Isham Talbot | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1815 (special) 1819 (lost or retired) 1820 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1824. Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y John Rowan (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Louisiana | Josiah S. Johnston | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1824 | Incumbent re-elected in 1825 on the second ballot as an Anti-Jacksonian. | ▌Y Josiah S. Johnston (Anti-Jacksonian) 32 ▌Edward Livingston (Democratic-Republican) 27 |
| Maryland | Edward Lloyd | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected in 1825 as a Jacksonian. | ▌Y Edward Lloyd (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Missouri | David Barton | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1821 | Incumbent re-elected in 1824 as an Anti-Jacksonian. | ▌Y David Barton (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| New Hampshire | John F. Parrott | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Successor elected in 1825 on the forty-first ballot. Jacksonian gain. Successor seated late March 16, 1825. | ▌Y Levi Woodbury (Jacksonian) 115 ▌Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) 53 ▌Samuel Dinsmoor (Democratic-Republican) 43 ▌William Plumer Jr. (Anti-Jacksonian) 1 ▌Nay 2 votes |
| New York | Rufus King | Federalist (Adams-Clay faction) | 1789 1795 1796 (resigned) 1813 1819/1820 | Incumbent retired. Vacant due to a deadlock in the New York State Legislature. Federalist loss. | 17 candidates |
| North Carolina | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1815 (special) 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in 1824 as a Jacksonian. | ▌Y Nathaniel Macon (Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Ohio | Ethan Allen Brown | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1822 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Successor elected in 1825 on the fourth ballot. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y William Henry Harrison (Anti-Jacksonian) ▌Ethan Allen Brown (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
| Pennsylvania | Walter Lowrie | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1818 | Incumbent retired. Successor elected in February 1825 on the thirty-second ballot. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y William Marks (Anti-Jacksonian) 73 ▌Thomas Burnside (Democratic-Republican) 27 ▌John Sergeant (Federalist) 19 ▌Samuel D. Ingham (Democratic-Republican) 2 |
| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic-Republican (Crawford faction) | 1804 (special) 1806 1812 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in 1824 on the second ballot as a Jacksonian. | ▌Y John Gaillard (Jacksonian) 82 ▌Daniel E. Huger (Jacksonian) 67 ▌Warren R. Davis (Jacksonian) 7 Blank 1 |
| Vermont | William A. Palmer | Democratic-Republican (Adams-Clay faction) | 1818 (special) 1818 | Incumbent retired. Successor elected in 1824 on the fourth ballot. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Dudley Chase (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |

### Special elections during the 19th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1825 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Connecticut (Class 3) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant due to credentials challenge. Successor elected May 4, 1825. Anti-Jacksonian gain. | ▌Y Calvin Willey (Anti-Jacksonian) [data missing] |
| Rhode Island (Class 2) | James DeWolf | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820/1821 | Incumbent resigned October 31, 1825. Successor elected October 31, 1825. Anti-Jacksonian hold. | ▌Y Asher Robbins (Anti-Jacksonian) 43 ▌Elisha R. Potter (Unknown) 36 Scattering 2 |

## Delaware
### Delaware (special, class 1)

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Caesar A. Rodney resigned on January 29, 1823, after being appointed U.S. Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Provinces of the River Plate, an office now known as the U.S. Ambassador to Argentina, by President James Monroe. A special election was held on January 13, 1824. Federalist Anti-Jacksonian Thomas Clayton, a Delaware State Senator and former congressman was elected to the office, beating Delaware State Representative Henry M. Ridgely, who was also a Federalist, but one with Jacksonian sympathies.

### Delaware (special, class 2)

The Delaware General Assembly had failed to elect a senator in the previous election cycle. Nicholas Van Dyke, the incumbent, was reelected late.

## Illinois
### Illinois (special)

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Ninian Edwards resigned on March 3, 1824, to become the U.S. Minister to Mexico, although he never took office. Former Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives John McLean, a Democratic-Republican was elected to take his place on November 24, 1824.

### Illinois (regular)
## Louisiana
### Louisiana (special)

Incumbent Democratic-Republican James Brown resigned on December 10, 1823, to become the U.S. Minister to France. A special election was held on January 15, 1824. Both candidates were Democratic-Republicans but were split over loyalties to Andrew Jackson. The Anti-Jacksonian, former congressman Josiah S. Johnston narrowly defeated Jacksonian congressman Edward Livingston.

### Louisiana (regular)
## Maryland

Edward Lloyd won election over Ezekiel F. Chambers by a margin of 22.47%, or 20 votes, for the Class 3 seat.

## Ohio

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Jacksonian Ethan Allen Brown was elected in an 1822 special election following the death of William A. Trimble. He was defeated for reelection by William Henry Harrison, a former congressman and war hero, who was an Anti-Jacksonian.