OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dynamin

Dynamin is a GTPase protein responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamin is part of the "dynamin superfamily", which includes classical dynamins, dynamin-like proteins, Mx proteins, OPA1, mitofusins, and GBPs. Members of the dynamin family are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cellular compartment and their targeting to, and fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface (particularly caveolae internalization) as well as at the Golgi apparatus. Dynamin family members also play a role in many processes including division of organelles, cytokinesis and microbial pathogen resistance.

## Structure

Dynamin itself is a 96 kDa enzyme, and was first isolated when researchers were attempting to isolate new microtubule-based motors from the bovine brain. Dynamin has been extensively studied in the context of clathrin-coated vesicle budding from the cell membrane. Beginning from the N-terminus, Dynamin consists of a GTPase domain connected to a helical stalk domain via a flexible neck region containing a Bundle Signalling Element and GTPase Effector Domain. At the opposite end of the stalk domain is a loop that links to a membrane-binding Pleckstrin homology domain. The protein strand then loops back towards the GTPase domain and terminates with a Proline Rich Domain that binds to the Src Homology domains of many proteins.

## Function

During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the cell membrane invaginates to form a budding vesicle. Dynamin binds to and assembles around the neck of the endocytic vesicle, forming a helical polymer arranged such that the GTPase domains dimerize in an asymmetric manner across helical rungs. The polymer constricts the underlying membrane upon GTP binding and hydrolysis via conformational changes emanating from the flexible neck region that alters the overall helical symmetry. Constriction around the vesicle neck leads to the formation of a hemi-fission membrane state that ultimately results in membrane scission. Constriction may be in part the result of the twisting activity of dynamin, which makes dynamin the only molecular motor known to have a twisting activity.

## Types

In mammals, three different dynamin genes have been identified with key sequence differences in their Pleckstrin homology domains leading to differences in the recognition of lipid membranes:
* Dynamin I is expressed in neurons and neuroendocrine cells
* Dynamin II is expressed in most cell types
* Dynamin III is strongly expressed in the testis, but is also present in heart, brain, and lung tissue.

## Pharmacology

Small molecule inhibitors of dynamin activity have been developed, including Dynasore and photoswitchable derivatives (Dynazo) for spatiotemporal control of endocytosis with light (photopharmacology).

## Disease implications

Mutations in Dynamin II have been found to cause dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Epileptic encephalopathy–causing de novo mutations in dynamin have been suggested to cause dysfunction of vesicle scission during synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
# AD 502

Year 502 (DII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Avienus and Probus (or, less frequently, year 1255 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 502 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* War with Sassanid Persia: Emperor Anastasius I refuses to pay a share of the cost of defending the Caucasian Gates, through which nomadic tribes have come for raids on Persia and the Byzantine Empire. King Kavadh I invades Armenia and captures Theodosiopolis.
* Winter – Kavadh I besieges the fortress-city of Amida (modern Turkey). The defenders, although unsupported by Byzantine troops, repel the Persian assaults for three months before they are finally beaten.

#### Europe

* March 29 – King Gundobad issues a new legal code (Lex Burgundionum) at Lyon, that makes Gallo-Romans and Burgundians subject to the same laws (approximate date).
* The Bulgars ravage Thrace. A semi-nomadic people, they have absorbed the surviving Huns and meet no opposition from Byzantine forces.

#### China

* The Liang Dynasty is founded by Xiao Yan, who marches on Jiankang (later Nanjing). Emperor He Di, age 14, is put to death. The Southern Qi Dynasty ends and Wu Di becomes ruler of the Liang Dynasty.
* December 24 - Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate.
* The Nanhua Temple, located southeast of Shaoguan, is founded by the Indian monk Zhiyao Sanzang. The temple covers an area of 42.5 hectares (105 acres) and consists of a set of historical Buddhist buildings.

### By topic
#### Arts and sciences

* The Persian philosopher Mazdak declares private property to be the source of all evil.

#### Literature

* The Chinese Book of Song is finished. The text is one of the Twenty-Four Histories, a traditional collection of historical records during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

#### Religion

* Caesarius becomes bishop of Arles. His episcopal see, near the mouth of the Rhone River and close to Marseille, retains its ancient importance in the social and commercial life of Gaul for forty years.
* October 23 – The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theodoric the Great, clears Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.

## Births

* Amalaric, king of the Visigoths (d. 531)

## Deaths

* Genevieve, patron saint of Paris (approximate date)
* He Di, Chinese emperor of Southern Qi (b. 488)
* Narsai, Syrian poet and theologian (approximate date)
* Vakhtang I of Iberia, Georgian king (approximate date)
# Amadou Mame Diop

Amadou Mame Diop (born 18 July 1965) is a Senegalese politician who served as the President and Speaker of the National Assembly of Senegal from 12 September 2022 to 2 December 2024. He is also mayor of the municipality of Richard-Toll (northern Senegal) and the Managing Director of Société Aménagement de la Petite Côte.

## Education

Diop holds a doctorate in pharmacy from Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar and a DESS in pharmacy distribution and management.

## Professional background

Diop is a community pharmacist and pharmacy owner in the city of Richard-Toll. He was the general manager of the company for the development and promotion of the coasts and tourist areas of Senegal between 2021 and 2022.

## Political background

Diop made his political debut in 2008 with the creation of the Alliance for the Republic by Macky Sall. In July 2012, he was elected deputy on the Dagana departmental list of the Benno Bokk Yakaar coalition, of which he is a member of the parliamentary group. During his tenure, he was a member of the WAEMU Interparliamentary Committee.
Since July 2012, Diop has been mayor of the municipality of Richard-Toll.
He was re-elected deputy in the legislative elections of 2022 and was elected President of the National Assembly on September 12, 2022, thus becoming the second personality of the State. His election to the presidency of the Assembly came as a surprise: the main contenders for the presidency, including Aminata Touré, head of the APR list in the legislative elections, are not retained by the coalition.
# From Boys to Men

From Boys to Men: Gay Men Write About Growing Up (ISBN 0786716320) is an anthology of essays about growing up gay. It was edited by Ted Gideonse and Rob Williams and published by Carroll & Graf in 2006.

## Contributors

* Michael McAllister — "Sleeping Eros"
* K.M. Soehnlein — "The Story I Told Myself"
* Tom Dolby — "Preppies Are My Weekness"
* Eric Karl Anderson — "Barbie Girls"
* Raymonde C. Green — "Signs"
* David Bahr — "No Matter What Happens"
* Todd Pozycki — "The Lives and Deaths of Buffalo Butt"
* Alexander Chee — "Dick"
* Trebor Healey — "The Updshot"
* Austin Bunn — "Guide"
* Joe Jervis — "Terrence"
* Horehound Sillpoint — "The Boy with the Questions and the Kid with the Answers"
* Viet Dinh — "A Brief History of Industrial Music"
* Michael Gardner — "The Competitive Lives of Twin Gays"
* Francis Strand — "Five Stories About Francis"
* Vestal McIntyre — "Mom-voice"
* D. Travers Scott — "Growing Up in Horror"
* Lee Houck — "Inheritance"
* Aaron Hamburger — "Whatever Happened to..."
* Mike McGinty — "Peristalsis"
* Jason Tougaw — "Aplysia californica"
# OK gesture (film)

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# 353

Year 353 (CCCLIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magnentius and Decentius (or, less frequently, year 1106 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 353 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Battle of Mons Seleucus: Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius, who commits suicide in Gaul in order to avoid capture. Constantius becomes sole emperor, and reunifies the Roman Empire.
* Constantius II sends his official Paulus Catena to Britain, to hunt down the opponents supporting Magnentius. Flavius Martinus, vicarius of Britain and supporter of Constantius, opposes the persecutions; he is then accused by Catena of being a traitor. In response, Martinus tries to kill Catena with a sword; he fails and then commits suicide.
* Constantius II assembles a conciliabulum at Arles, and condemns Athanasius as Patriarch of Alexandria.

### By topic
#### China

* Wang Xizhi, Chinese calligrapher, produces "Preface to the Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion" in running script style. It becomes a model for future calligraphers.

## Births

* Saint Paulinus (Paolino), Bishop of Nola (d. 431)
* Saint Vigilius, Bishop of Trent (d. 405)

## Deaths

* August 11 – Magnentius, Roman usurper (b. 303)
* August 18 – Magnus Decentius, brother and Caesar of Magnentius
* Flavius Martinus, vicarius of Roman Britain
* Zhang Chonghua, ruler of Former Liang (b. 327)
# Cole Beaudoin

Cole Beaudoin (born April 24, 2006) is a Canadian ice hockey forward for the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) as a prospect to the Utah Hockey Club of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 24th overall by Utah in the 2024 NHL entry draft.

## Playing career

On April 20, 2022, Beaudoin was drafted tenth overall by the Barrie Colts in the 2022 OHL Draft. On June 3, 2022, he signed with the Colts. During the 2022–23 season with the Barrie Colts he recorded eight goals and 12 assists in 63 games. During the 2023–24 season, he recorded 28 goals and 34 assists in 67 games.
On June 28, 2024, Beaudoin was drafted 24th overall by the Utah Hockey Club in the 2024 NHL entry draft, becoming the team's second ever selection in franchise history. He was later signed to a three-year, entry-level contract with the Utah Hockey Club on July 22, 2024.

## International play

Beaudoin represented Canada at the 2024 IIHF World U18 Championships, where he recorded two goals and two assists in seven games and won a gold medal.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2022–23 | Barrie Colts | OHL | 63 | 8 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 2023–24 | Barrie Colts | OHL | 67 | 28 | 34 | 62 | 27 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| OHL totals | OHL totals | OHL totals | 130 | 36 | 46 | 82 | 47 | 19 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 10 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2024 | Canada | U18 | | 7 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| 2025 | Canada | WJC | 5th | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 27 |
| Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | 12 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 29 |
# Stockton State Forest

Stockton State Forest is a 977-acre New York State Forest. It is located in Stockton, New York, between the Chautauqua Lake and Cassadaga Creek watersheds. It was established in the 1930s for timber harvesting and land conservation.

## Ecology

Stockton State Forest is home to populations of white-tailed deer, ruffed grouse, rabbit, and turkey. Conifer stands of pine and spruce trees were once planted, but are now managed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for the natural regeneration of native hardwood trees. Marshy wetlands in the forest create habitat for swallows, ducks, and beavers. There are almost 200 species of bird that have been spotted during annual surveys.

## Recreation

There are no designated walking trails in Stockton State Forest, but biking, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, hiking, and horseback riding are allowed. There are three miles of maintained snowmobile trails. Primitive camping, hunting, and trapping are permitted.
# Sultan Naga Dimaporo

Sultan Naga Dimaporo, officially the Municipality of Sultan Naga Dimaporo (Maranao: Inged a Sultan Naga Dimaporo; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Sultan Naga Dimaporo; Tagalog: Bayan ng Sultan Naga Dimaporo), is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 60,904 people. It was formerly known as Karomatan.

## History

Executive Order No. 588, s. 1953 (Signed on April 30, 1953) created the Karomatan from the following: (note that Lanao was split 1959)
* From Kapatagan: Tagalo, Mabohai, Pandanan, Pikinit, Dangoloan, Dabliston, Calobi, Tapokon, Karomatan, Pitikol, Sigayan
* From Malabang: Bauyan, Dadoan, Calibao Payong
The barrio/baranggay of Karomatan was then made the Poblacion of this municipality
On November 5, 1992, former mayor Hadji Mohammad "Naga" Dimaporo was in Quiapo, Manila with his wife Sunang and four companions prior to his planned travel to Pakistan when he was assassinated near a mosque by four gunmen. Zamboanga del Sur police officer Jam Mitumadum Enca was arrested two weeks later upon the order of President Fidel V. Ramos for his alleged involvement in the killing, but was later acquitted by a court after two months in prison.

## Geography

Sultan Naga Dimaporo is located at the south-western part of the province of Lanao del Norte. It is bordered on the southeast by the municipality of Picong in Lanao del Sur, and on the west by the municipalities of Tukuran and Aurora, both in Zamboanga del Sur. To the south is the tip of Illana Bay, part of the Celebes Sea.

### Barangays

Sultan Naga Dimaporo is politically subdivided into 37 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.
* Bangaan
* Bangko
* Bansarvil II
* Bauyan
* Cabongbongan
* Calibao
* Calipapa
* Calube
* Campo Islam
* Capocao
* Dableston
* Dalama
* Dangolaan
* Ditago
* Ilian
* Kauswagan
* Kirapan
* Koreo
* Lantawan
* Mabuhay
* Maguindanao
* Mahayahay
* Mamagum
* Mina
* Pandanan
* Payong
* Piraka
* Pikalawag
* Pikinit
* Poblacion
* Ramain
* Rebucon
* Sigayan
* Sugod
* Tagulo
* Tantaon
* Topocon

### Climate

Climate data for Sultan Naga Dimaporo, Lanao del Norte :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 22 (72) | 23 (73) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 23 (73) | 23 (74) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69 (2.7) | 58 (2.3) | 67 (2.6) | 60 (2.4) | 109 (4.3) | 114 (4.5) | 83 (3.3) | 78 (3.1) | 76 (3.0) | 92 (3.6) | 86 (3.4) | 63 (2.5) | 955 (37.7) |
| Average rainy days | 12.8 | 11.6 | 14.8 | 17.4 | 24.8 | 23.5 | 20.7 | 18.5 | 17.4 | 22.5 | 21.6 | 15.6 | 221.2 |
| Source: Meteoblue ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Poverty incidence of Sultan Naga Dimaporo
* 10
* 20
* 30
* 40
* 50
* 60
* 70
* 2006 48.90
* 2009 59.91
* 2012 63.98
* 2015 54.10
* 2018 27.70
* 2021 40.27
* Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
# Kim Mi-wol

Kim Mi-wol (Korean: 김미월; born 1977) is a South Korean writer of fiction.

## Life

Kim Mi-wol was born in 1977 in Gangneung in the Gangwon province of South Korea. Her father was a public servant and so she moved, along with his job, to Hongcheon for middle school. Unusually, she enjoyed, saying, "I liked moving to a new school. The excitement of encountering something new was overwhelming. The sadness of separation from things that were familiar paled in comparison."
Kim became a writer, she says, because "when the book I was reading had an ending that I did not like, I would re-write the conclusion of as I see It fit. Little Women, A Dog of Flanders, Sonagi (by Hwang Soon Won) and Tess are some of the examples. Considering the examples are all tragic stories, I must have preferred a happy ending even in my younger years.
She attended a secondary school for girls in Chuncheon. She then moved to Seoul and got a degree from Korea University in Linguistics and a degree at the University of the Arts in Seoul in creative writing. She made her literary debut in 2004 with her work "Think Your Way Through the Garden" (Jeongwone gireul mutda) published in the newspaper Segye Ilbo. She has received the Munhakdongne Young Writers Award three times (2010, 2012, 2013).

## Work

While Kim made her debut with "Think Your Way Through The Garden" she was initially most recognized for “Guide to Seoul Cave” the eponymous short story from her first collection which was published in 2007. The story deals with the isolation of modern individuals, adrift in society at large. Her tone shifted in her first novel “The Eighth Room,” (2010) which was both warm and funny in describing the position of young adults in the modern world. Later on, her work narrowed, dealing with characters who lived largely within themselves and replaced personal relationships with relationships with various objects, creating for themselves a kind of "virtual paradise".
As demonstrated in her work "What Has Yet To Happen," Kim writes about young Koreans isolated in minimal spaces in which they embrace the reality that solitude is inescapable. Loneliness, is not unusual, in fact it is inescapable and the only answer to this fact is in an existential aesthetic - not some strong will that overpowers all weakness, rather the narrower struggle to create an autonomous space by essentially embracing detachment and indifference.

## Awards

* 2014 22nd Today's Young Artist Award
* 2013 4th Munhakdongne Young Writers Award
* 2012 3rd Munhakdongne Young Writers Award
* 2011 29th Shin Dong-yup Literary Award
* 2010 1st Munhakdongne Young Writers Award

## Works in English

* What Has Yet to Happen (ASIA Publishers, 2014)
* Guide to Seoul Cave (PDF - Brother Anthony)

## Works in Korean

* Seoul Cave Guide
* The 8th Room
* The Unopened Book
* What Has Yet to Happen
# John Anderson (discus thrower)

John Franklin Anderson (July 4, 1907 – July 11, 1948) was an American athlete who competed mainly in the discus throw. He won the gold medal in this event at the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles.
Anderson graduated from Cornell University in 1929, where he was a member of the Quill and Dagger society.
Prior to graduation from Cornell, he placed fifth at the 1928 Olympics in the discus throw. He later improved to beat the world record holder, Paul Jessup, at the 1932 Final Trials. He then took the gold medal in Los Angeles with a new Olympic record. He won the AAU title in 1933 and in June 1936 he had the best throw of his career in winning the Eastern Olympic Trials, 165-9 (50.62 m), but he failed to make a third consecutive Olympic team. Anderson was also an above-average performer with the shot (49 feet) and won the 1929 IC4A indoor shot put title. While at Cornell, Anderson played tackle on the football team for three years, was on the track team for three years, captaining it as a senior, and was president of the student council in his last year. Anderson was thought by Hollywood to have "dazzling masculine beauty" and after the 1932 Olympics he stayed on in California to star in the film Search for Beauty (the role went to Buster Crabbe). Later, experience gained in the Pacific during World War II as a lieutenant commander in the naval reserve led to his obtaining a post as chief navigator of a salmon fishing fleet. While on an expedition some 700 miles north of Anchorage, he suffered a brain hemorrhage and died immediately, aged only 41.
# Stoney Demonstration Forest

Stoney Demonstration Forest is a state forest located in Aberdeen, Maryland, United States.
The forest serves as an educational resource, the main objective of which is to teach silviculture, forest management, and wildlife habitat management practices to students and landowners. The forest occupies 318 acres (129 ha) of the rural Harford county. It was originally owned by Sydney Peverly up until 1981 when the state of Maryland purchased the land. The forest consists of rock cliffs ranging from 40 to 80 feet (12 to 24 m) in height.
39°30′50″N 76°15′0″W﻿ / ﻿39.51389°N 76.25000°W﻿ / 39.51389; -76.25000
# From Bacteria to Bach and Back

From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds is a 2017 book about the origin of human consciousness by the philosopher Daniel Dennett, in which the author makes a case for a materialist theory of mind, arguing that consciousness is no more mysterious than gravity.
Drawing on ideas from René Descartes and Charles Darwin, Dennett writes that:
    '... natural systems can create "competence without comprehension"—that is, situations in which sophisticated actions occur without the individual or machine involved understanding the reasons for the actions taken.'
and that:
    'a comprehending mind could in fact have arisen from a mindless process of natural selection. ...'

## Critical reception

Physician Harriet Hall reviewing the book for Skeptical Inquirer magazine, said that "Dennett is always worth reading, and this latest book distills his current thinking and all he has learned over the years". He discusses many "conundrums with facts and arguments from evolution and neuroscience". "Dennett warns that trying to understand consciousness, 'We mustn't let our moral intuitions distort our empirical investigation from the outset'". Hall suggests that this book is not for light reading, but well written, something you will need to think about as you ponder "how consciousness works and how it came about".