OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacques de Billy

    For the English patristic scholar and Benedictine abbot, see Jacques de Billy (abbot) (1535–1581).
Jacques de Billy (March 18, 1602 – January 14, 1679) was a French Jesuit mathematician. Born in Compiègne, he subsequently entered the Society of Jesus. From 1629 to 1630, Billy taught mathematics at the Jesuit College at Pont-à-Mousson. He was still studying theology at this time. From 1631 to 1633, Billy taught mathematics at the Jesuit college at Rheims. From 1665 to 1668 he was professor of mathematics at the Jesuit college at Dijon. One of his pupils there was Jacques Ozanam. Billy also taught in Grenoble. He also served as rector of a number of Jesuit Colleges in Châlons-en-Champagne, Langres and in Sens.
The mathematician Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, who had been a pupil of Billy's at Rheims, became a close friend. Billy maintained a correspondence with the mathematician Pierre de Fermat.

## Work and legacy

Billy produced a number of results in number theory which have been named after him. Bachet introduced Billy to indeterminate analysis. Billy's mathematical works include Diophantus Redivivus.
In the field of astronomy, he published several astronomical tables. First published in Dijon by Pierre Palliot in 1656, Billy's tables of eclipses is called Tabulae Lodoicaeae seu universa eclipseon doctrina tabulis, praeceptis ac demonstrationibus explicata. Adiectus est calculus, aliquot eclipseon solis & lunae, quae proxime per totam Europam videbuntur. The tables were calculated for the years 1656 to 1693. This work also contains solar and lunar tables based on the Paris meridian. It also includes a detailed examination of problems involved in astronomical calculations.
Billy was one of the first scientists to reject the role of astrology in science. He also rejected old notions about the malevolent influence of comets.
He died at Dijon.
The crater Billy on the Moon is named after him.

## Works

* Diophanti redivivi (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lyon: Jean Thioly. 1670.
* Diophanti redivivi (in Latin). Vol. 2. Lyon: Jean Thioly. 1670.
# Charlie Titcombe

Charlie Titcombe (born 28 December 2001) is an English rugby union player who plays as a Flyhalf for Welsh United Rugby Championship side Scarlets.

## Club career
### Youth

Titcombe played in the Leicester Tigers academy being released at 18, moving to Loughborough University playing in the BUCS Super Rugby, winning the league in 2022–23. Titcombe was named as player as the tournament.

### Worcester Warriors

He began playing for Worcester in 2021, making his debut in the 2021-22 Premiership Rugby Cup against Gloucester, coming off the bench in a 27–21 win. His only other appearance for Worcester before their collapse came in the 2022-23 Premiership Rugby Cup once again against Gloucester this time starting at Flyhalf in a 49–21 loss against the Cherry and Whites. While at Worcester he played on loan for Loughborough Students RUFC in National League 2 North.

### Scarlets

He joined the Scarlets in 2023, his first appearance coming in the 1st Round of the 2023-24 United Rugby Championship against Bulls. His first start coming in the 5th Round of the championship, a 54–5 loss against Leinster. While at the Scarlets he has featured on loan for Aberavon Quins.

## International career

He made his debut for England Students in 2022 playing against France Universities, his second cap came in the 2023 edition of Le Crunch Universitaire with England winning 25–21 against France Universities. He started at fullback in the first win away over the French side in 17 years.

## Honours
### Loughborough University

* BUCS Super Rugby: 2022-23 (champions)

### Worcester Warriors

* Premiership Rugby Cup: 2021-22 (champions)

### Individual

* BUCS Super Rugby Team of the Tournament: 2021–22, 2022-23
* BUCS Super Rugby Player of the Tournament: 2022–23
# 1995–96 US Cremonese season

The 1995–96 season was the 93rd season in existence of Cremonese and the club's third consecutive season in the top flight of Italian football. In addition to the domestic league, Cremonese participated in this season's edition of the Coppa Italia. The season covered the period from 1 July 1995 to 30 June 1996.

## Pre-season and friendlies

Win  Draw  Loss

## Competitions
### Overview

| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Serie A | 27 August 1995 | 12 May 1996 | Matchday 1 | 17th | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | !— |
| Coppa Italia | 19 August 1995 | 30 August 1995 | First round | Second round | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 050.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 | 050.00 |
Source: Competitions

### Serie A
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 14 | Piacenza | 34 | 9 | 10 | 15 | 31 | 48 | −17 | 37 | |
| 15 | Bari (R) | 34 | 8 | 8 | 18 | 49 | 71 | −22 | 32 | Relegation to Serie B |
| 16 | Torino (R) | 34 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 28 | 46 | −18 | 29 | Relegation to Serie B |
| 17 | Cremonese (R) | 34 | 5 | 12 | 17 | 37 | 57 | −20 | 27 | Relegation to Serie B |
| 18 | Padova (R) | 34 | 7 | 3 | 24 | 41 | 79 | −38 | 24 | Relegation to Serie B |

#### Results summary

| Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away |
Source: Serie A

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 |
| Ground | A | H | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A |
| Result | L | D | L | L | L | L | D | D | L | L | W | L | W | L | D | L | D | D | L | D | L | D | W | D | D | L | W | W | L | L | D | L | D | L |
| Position | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Matches

Source:
# Pawelce

Pawelce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klonowa, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Klonowa, 35 km (22 mi) south-west of Sieradz, and 87 km (54 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Viçosa, Alagoas

Viçosa is a Brazilian municipality in Alagoas state. Located inland on the zone of a former portion of the Atlantic Rain Forest, it is 86 km away from the state capital Maceió. Its population was 25,693 (2020) and its area is 354.76 km$^2$.
# Leonor Bonilla

Leonor Bonilla (born Leonor Bonilla Martínez on March 15, 1970, in Mexico City, Mexico) is a Mexican actress. She is known for Rojo Amanecer, Mujer, casos de la vida real and Cicatrices.

## Biography

Bonilla was born on March 15, 1970, in Mexico City, Mexico. She is the daughter of actors Héctor Bonilla and Socorro Bonilla. she had a brother, Sergio Bonilla Martinez and a half-brother Fernando Bonilla Álvarez, from her father's next marriage. Bonilla is married to Ben Burton and has two children.
In 1989 debut in the film Rojo Amanecer as Student girl. In 1991 debut in telenovelas as Avelina in Madres egoístas produced by Juan Osorio. After an eight-year break, in 1999 she participated in Laberintos de pasión as Rebeca Fernández.
Next participation in 2001 in El manantial as Mirna and 2002 participated in television series Mujer, casos de la vida real. Bonilla in 2005 played Thelma in the film Cicatrices

## Filmography

Films, Telenovelas, Television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1989 | Rojo Amanecer | Student girl | Film |
| 1991 | Madres egoístas | Avelina | Recurring role |
| 1999/00 | Laberintos de pasión | Rebeca Fernández | Recurring role |
| 2001/02 | El manantial | Mirna Barraza | Recurring role |
| 2002/06 | Mujer, casos de la vida real | | TV series |
| 2005 | Cicatrices | Thelma | Film |
# Uchina Station

Uchina Station (内名駅, Uchina-eki) is a passenger railway station located in Takemori, Tōjō-chō, in the city of Shōbara, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Uchina Station is served by the Geibi Line, and is located 29.0 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Bitchū-Kōjiro and 35.4 kilometers from Niimi.

## Station layout

The station consists of one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track. There is no station building or ticket machines, but there is a waiting room on the platform. The station is unattended.
* Uchina Station passenger waiting area building
* Uchina Station looking toward Bingo Ochiai Station
* Uchina Station looking toward Tōjō Station
* Uchina Station platform sign

## History

Uchina Station was opened on July 20, 1955. It became part of JR West on April 1, 1987 when Japan National Railways was privatized.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 3 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Nariwa River
* Hiroshima Prefectural Road No. 450 Uchibori Bingo Hachiman Station Line
# Mate coquimbano

Mate coquimbano is a mate cup style produced in 19th century in the area near the port of Coquimbo in northern Chile. The Mate coquimbano is typically made of low grade silver alloy with sparse geometric or vegetal motiff decoration made of copper or bronze. The silver used originated in the mining district of Chañarcillo, where a silver rush took place in the 1830s and 1840s. Being cheaper than mate cups of purer silver and gold Mate coquimbano cups were common among the populace.
Contrary to many contemporary mate cups in Chile that had until then followed European fashionable styles such as Baroque and Neoclassicism the Mate coquimbano had evident mestizo influences. Over time, aspects of the Mate coquimbano style diffused into the neighboring Andean region of Argentina.
# Peter Lennox-Kerr

Peter Lennox-Kerr (1927 – 22 July 2007) was an internationally known British textile journalist.

## Life

He was an expert reporting on the development of synthetic fibres. He died in Derbyshire, on 22 July 2007.
# Team Wang

Team Wang is a record label founded by rapper and singer Jackson Wang. The label was established in 2017 and conducts business in music, production, and artist management. In 2020, Team Wang Design was launched, where Jackson Wang serves as the creative director and designer.

## Label history

Team Wang is an international record label, originating from China. Jackson Wang founded Team Wang in 2017, and subsequently, the label's first release was Wang's hit single, "Papillon". Released on 26 August 2017, the all-English track was Wang's first solo single.
On 25 October 2019, Team Wang released Wang's first full-length English album, Mirrors. The album reached #1 on Billboard's independent music chart. Mirrors reached #32 on the Billboard 200, the highest-charting debut album from a Chinese artist. The album featured American rapper GoldLink and Indonesian rapper Rich Brian.
Other Team Wang releases include Wang's singles "100 Ways" and "Pretty Please", a collaboration with Swedish dance music duo Galantis. In December 2020, the label released Wang's Chinese single, "Should've Let Go", with JJ Lin. On 17 April 2023, Wang released the single "Slow", in collaboration with American singer Ciara.

## Team Wang Design

In July 2020, Jackson Wang launched a fashion collection with an eight piece monochromatic line called "Cookies – The Original". Other collaborations, which are also referred to as "Sparkles", include an exclusive release with StockX and a Claude Monet-inspired capsule in conjunction with Bund One Art Museum of Shanghai. Dubbed as "Team Wang x Monet Sparkles", it paid homage to Paris and celebrated the first time Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise painting was shown in Shanghai. At the end of 2020, Team Wang announced the release of The Cart.
On 17 January 2021, Jackson Wang announced the launch of Team Wang's second collection "Cookies – The Velvet".

### Collaborations

Team Wang has partnered with many brands, including:
* Fendi
* Ray-Ban
* Super X
* Monet
* Cartier
* Beats By Dr.Dre
* L'Oreal Men
* Braun
* Vivo
* Dr.Jart+
* Pepsi
* Armani Beauty
* Hennessy

## Key people

* Jackson Wang (CEO, founder & designer, creative director)
* Henry Cheung (Chairman, co-founder of Team Wang Design)
# Gary O'Donnell (Gaelic footballer)

Gary O'Donnell (born 6 January 1988) is an Irish sportsperson, who plays inter-county Gaelic football for Galway. He is a first cousin of double All-Ireland-winning former Galway footballer and two-time All Star Jarlath Fallon. O'Donnell's parents are both from County Mayo and he has uncles who have played football for that county at a number of levels.
O'Donnell, who first played football with St Colman's, Gort, also played hurling in his youth and was on the same under-age teams as later Galway senior inter-county players Aidan Harte and Greg Lally. Gort's football team disbanded in 2009 and O'Donnell moved to Tuam Stars, as it was the club his cousins, the Fallons, played for.
Having been an unused substitute in Galway's 2008 Connacht final victory over Mayo, O'Donnell made his inter-county debut with in 2009. In 2016, O'Donnell was named Galway captain by Kevin Walsh, having previously captained the side on occasions when Paul Conroy wasn't available. On 17 July 2016, Galway won the Connacht Championship, and O'Donnell became the first Galway player since Pádraic Joyce in 2008 to receive the J. J. Nestor Cup.
In October 2021, he announced his retirement from inter-county football.
# Amanda Ripley

Amanda Ripley is an American journalist and author. She has covered high-profile topics for Time and other outlets, and she contributes to The Atlantic. Her book The Smartest Kids in the World was a New York Times bestseller.

## Biography

Amanda Ripley was born in Arizona and grew up in New Jersey. She graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Cornell University in 1996 with a B.A. in government.
After covering Capitol Hill for Congressional Quarterly, Ripley learned to write long-form feature stories under editor David Carr at the Washington City Paper. She then spent a decade working for Time magazine from New York, Washington and Paris. She covered the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the anthrax investigation and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, helping Time win two National Magazine Awards.
Ripley has written three nonfiction books about human behavior, including The Smartest Kids in the World, a New York Times bestseller. In 2018, she became certified in conflict mediation and began training journalists to cover polarizing conflict differently, in partnership with the Solutions Journalism Network. Ripley writes op-eds for The Washington Post and feature articles for Politico and The Atlantic, where she is a contributing writer. She also hosts the "How To!" show for Slate.
She lives in Washington, D.C., with her husband. Her brother is the screenwriter Ben Ripley.

## Works
### Books

* 2009. The Unthinkable: Who Survives when Disaster Strikes - and Why. New York : Arrow Books. ISBN 9780099525721, OCLC 972068736.
* 2014. The Smartest Kids in the World: And How They Got That Way New York, NY : Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. ISBN 9781451654431, OCLC 862348013. NYT Hardcover Nonfiction Bestseller, September 22, 2013.
* 2021. High Conflict: Why We Get Trapped and How We Get Out. New York, NY : Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781982128562, OCLC 10581323837.

### Selected articles

* 2010. "What Makes a Great Teacher?" The Atlantic. January/February issue.
* 2013. "The Case Against High School Sports." The Atlantic. October issue.
* 2016. "How America Outlawed Adolescence." The Atlantic. November issue.
* 2018. "Complicating the Narratives." The Whole Story.
* 2019. "The Least Politically Prejudiced Place in America." The Atlantic.
* 2020. "We've Created Cartoonish Narratives About People in the Opposite Party. They're Not True." The Washington Post.
* 2022. "I stopped reading the news. Is the problem me — or the product?" The Washington Post.
# Norwegian International Ship Register

Norwegian International Ship Register or NIS is a separate Norwegian ship register for Norwegian vessels aimed at competing with flags of convenience registers such as Panama and Liberia. Originally proposed by Erling Dekke Næss in 1984, it was established in Bergen in 1987 and is managed by the Norwegian Ship Registers. In 2010, it was the 12th ship register by gross tonnage, representing 1% of the global tonnage.

## Objectives

In the years before the register was established, the Norwegian register lost out as it could not compete with lower-cost registers. The main objectives of establishing the register were:
* Maintain the shipping industry under the Norwegian flag.
* Provide better competitive conditions for the Norwegian merchant fleet in worldwide trade.
* Initiate registration requirements in accordance with Norway's obligations under international agreements, (especially United Nations (UN), International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Labour Organization (ILO)).
* Maintain a Norwegian fleet that could give greater employment opportunities to Norwegian seaman than a foreign-flagged fleet.
* Restrict the types of vessel that may be registered.
* Limit the trading areas allowed. NIS vessels cannot trade cargo between Norwegian ports or carry passengers on a regular basis to or from Norwegian ports.
The register has been highly successful and in 2002 there were 880 vessels in the register with a total of around 21.2 million gross tonnage (GT) (39 million tonnes deadweight (DWT)).

## Criticism

There has been some criticism of countries that have opened second registers, such as Norway (NIS), Germany (GIS) and Denmark (DIS), because there are fewer restrictions on the nationality of the crew and allegedly lower safety standards than the main national register.
# Louis Hillman-Cooper

Louis Hillman-Cooper (born 22 December 2001) is an English rugby union player who plays for Gloucester in the Premiership Rugby.
Hillman-Cooper joined the Gloucester academy aged 16 and made his England U18 debut against Scotland in March 2019, also playing against France a week later. He was included in the England U20s squad for the 2021 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
He made his debut during the Premiership Rugby Cup against local rivals Bath in November 2021.
# Farewell to Reason

Farewell to Reason is a 1987 book by the Austrian philosopher of science Paul Feyerabend. The book includes some reprinted essays published in other venues and was published by Verso Books, which also published Against Method and Science in a Free Society. The primary goal of the book is to trace the historical origins of "rationalism" and argue for a version of relativism and cultural diversity.

## Translations

Farewell to Reason has been translated into numerous languages:
* Spanish translation by José R. de Rivera: Adios a la razón, Tecnos: Madrid 1984, 300 pp.
* French translation by Baudouin Jurdant: Adieu à la raison, Seuil: Paris 1989, 373 pp.
* German translation by Jürgen Blasius: Irrwege der Vernunft, Suhrkamp: Frankfurt am Main 1989, 471 pp. Reprinted 1990.
* Italian translation by Marcello D'Agostino: Addio alla ragione, Armando: Roma 1990, 320 pp.
* Japanese translation: Risei yo saraba, Hoseidaigakushuppankyoku: Tokyo 1992, 34+399 pp.
* Portuguese translation: Adeus à razão, UNESP: São Paulo 2010, 399 pp.
The book was reprinted in 1988, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, and 1999. A 2nd edition was released including a new preface by Feyerabend.

## Content

Farewell to Reason begins with a lengthy chapter on relativism. He distinguishes it from absolutism, or the view that some views are entirely truth and their alternatives are false, pluralism, where multiple views are held simultaneously without critical interaction, and scientific pluralism where different traditions must critically engage with one another. He argues that there is no reason to necessarily accept science over other traditions and that traditions can learn from one another. Continuing on arguments made in Science in a Free Society, Feyerabend spells out the political implications of relativism including the claim that all traditions should be given equal access to resources necessary to develop their traditions. He continues by situating his relativism within a historical tradition including Herodotus, Protagoras, and several democratic theorists.
The second chapter argues that Xenophanes, who was praised by Karl Popper for inventing scientific rationalism, never provides an argument against the Homeric gods. Rather, Xenophanes begs the question and assumes that defenders of the Homeric worldview accept that there can be a single God. Xenophanes, rather than inventing rational criticism, provides an instructive episode in the history of relativism.
This is followed by several chapters that are reprinted essays on various topics including the role of theories in simplifying nature (a theme that would be explored in more detail in Conquest of Abundance), creativity, progress in the sciences, arts, and philosophy, Mach's principle, incommensurability, Aristotle's theory of mathematics, and critical reviews of some of Popper's books.
The final parts of the book include a lengthy letter where he argues, amongst other things, that cultural exchanges do not require shared assumptions or a shared language as well as a titular essay where he argues that philosophy should be abandoned as a practice and replaced by participation in particular traditions.
# Per Svensson (ice hockey)

Per Svensson (born October 10, 1988) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently playing with Timrå IK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

## Playing career

Svensson joined Almtuna IS with the 2012-13 season. He played two games with AIK IF in the Swedish Hockey League during the 2013–14 season.
On February 4, 2020, Svensson left Sweden to join EHC Kloten of the Swiss League (SL) for the remainder of the season. He was brought in as their third import player to provide depth for the playoffs and a potential promotion round.
# Bear claw (disambiguation)

A bear claw is a type of pastry.
Bear claw or bear claws may also refer to:
* The claw of a bear
* Bear claw, a style of winter boot sold at such retailers as Sam's Club
* Bear Claw Casino & Hotel, near Carlyle, Saskatchewan, Canada
* Bear Claw Nebula, an emission nebula and star-forming region
* "Bear Claws," a 2017 single by The Academic
* Berenklauw, a fried Dutch snack
* Bear claw or bear's claw quilt block, see List of notable North American quilt-block patterns