OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kaup (emporium)

54°55′54″N 20°28′25″E﻿ / ﻿54.9316°N 20.4735°E﻿ / 54.9316; 20.4735
Kaup is a hill on the bank of the Curonian Lagoon, immediately north of the village of Mokhovoye, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is a large early medieval burial site with Norse grave goods. Kaup has been viewed by historians as an important early medieval emporium and a likely starting point of the Amber Road to the south. The original name of this medieval settlement is uncertain.
It is also the birthplace of Baltic chieftain Caupo, who descended from Swedish Varangian tradesmen.

## History

Archaeological excavations, undertaken in 1899 and 1932, when the area was a part of East Prussia, and in 1979, during Soviet times, suggest that a major center of Old Prussians sprang up there in the early 9th century. Kaup may have been its name, because the place-name is cognate to Old Prussian (and Germanic) terms for "purchase". Marija Gimbutas describes it as
   the gateway for the traffic leading to the east via the lower Nemunas basin into the lands of the Curonians, Lithuanians, and other Baltic tribes.
Following the decline of Truso to the south and Grobin to the north in the course of the century, Kaup succeeded them as the principal regional colony of Swedish merchants from Birka. It was superbly sited along the sand-barred shore particularly rich in amber, hidden from potential enemies within a bay "where islands, shoals, and complicated channels made the approach slow and observable".
Kaup flourished as a market town protected by a garrison until the end of the 10th century, when Harald Bluetooth's son, Haakon, a Dane, raided Samland. This attack, attested by Saxo Grammaticus, probably contributed to the downfall of Kaup, which was again burned to the ground by the Dane Cnut the Great during his anti-Prussian raid in 1016. The Norsemen's raids ended in the 11th century. They abandoned the Curonian shore for good, but the Prussians continued to occupy the site until the Northern Crusades of the 13th century.

## Archaeology

In a forest skirting the modern settlement, German archaeologists of the 19th century found a large cemetery, consisting of up to five hundred tumuli. Of these, only a few remain: continuing activities of amateur Russian archaeologists approach vandalism in that they result in razing of several tumuli each summer. The finds unearthed at Kaup highlight Swedish rather than Danish connections of the medieval Scandinavian colonists.
The tumuli are semi-spherical, less than 1 meter (3 ft 3 in) in height and ranging from 5 to 12 meters (16 to 39 ft) in diameter. A huge boulder was placed on top of each barrow. Some burial mounds were surrounded by stone rings. The Vikings were cremated elsewhere, together with their swords and arrows, before ashes of the dead and their burnt weapons were deposited inside the barrows.
# Barry McCormick

William Joseph "Barry" McCormick (December 25, 1874 – January 28, 1956) was a professional baseball player and later a Major League umpire.
As a player, he played infielder in Major League Baseball from 1895 to 1904. He would play for the Louisville Colonels, Chicago Colts/Orphans, St. Louis Browns, and Washington Senators. McCormick was the last player to have eight at-bats in a nine-inning game, achieving this feat on the June 29, 1897.
After retiring as a player, he took up umpiring, making his Major League debut in 1917 and winding up his second career in 1929. He was behind the plate for the longest extra inning game in Major League history, the 26-inning contest between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Boston Braves on May 1, 1920.
# 426

Year 426 (CDXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Valentinianus (or, less frequently, year 1179 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 426 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum), ends the Gothic revolt of Theodoric I in southern Gaul.
* Rex Flavius Gundericus of the Vandals accepts the request of the Alans in Hispania to become their ruler (approximate date).

#### Mesoamerica

* K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo' becomes the founder of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization at Copán (modern Honduras).

#### Religion

* Augustine of Hippo publishes the De Civitate Dei, City of God.
* Sisinnius becomes Archbishop of Constantinople.

## Births

* Liu Shao, emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty (d. 453)

## Deaths

* Fu Liang, official of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 374)
* Xie Hui, general of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 390)
* Xu Xianzhi, official of the Liu Song Dynasty (b. 364)
* Zhang, empress dowager of the Liu Song Dynasty
# AD 32

AD 32 (XXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Camillus (or, less frequently, year 785 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 32 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

* Philo writes his symbolic interpretation of the Old Testament (Allegory).

## Births

* 28 April – Marcus Salvius Otho, Roman emperor (d. AD 69)
* Ban Chao, Chinese general and diplomat (d. 102)
* Ban Gu, Chinese historian and politician (d. AD 92)

## Deaths

* Cassius Severus, Roman rhetor and writer
* Decimus Haterius Agrippa, Roman consul
* Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Roman consul (b. 48 BC)
* Jesus of Nazareth (approximate date)
* John the Baptist, religious figure in Christianity, Islam, and other Abrahamic religions (b. late 1st century BC)
# AD 126

Year 126 (CXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Verus and Ambibulus (or, less frequently, year 879 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 126 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* The old Pantheon is demolished by Emperor Hadrian, and the construction of a new one begins (its date is uncertain, because Hadrian chooses not to inscribe the temple).

#### Asia

* First year of the Yongjian era of the Chinese Han dynasty.

## Births

* August 1 – Pertinax, Roman emperor (d. 193)
* Lu Kang, Chinese politician and prefect (d. 195)

## Deaths

* Domitia Longina, Roman empress (b. c. 53 AD)
* Yan Ji (or Ansi), Chinese empress
# AD 136

Year 136 (CXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 136th Year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 136th year of the 1st millennium, the 36th year of the 2nd century, and the 7th year of the 130s decade. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Commodus and Civica (or, less frequently, year 889 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 136 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* The war against the Suebi begins.
* Emperor Hadrian chases the Jews from Galilee, and receives a triumphal arch near Scythopolis.
* The Roman province of Iudaea (plus Galilee) becomes Syria Palaestina; the name Palestine as a designation for this land has been used since at least the 5th century BC (mentioned by Herodotus).
* Hadrian dictates his memoirs at his villa near Tivoli (Tibur) outside Rome.
* Hadrian uncovers a new conspiracy among certain senators. He adopts Lucius Aelius as his heir.

#### Asia

* First year of Yonghe era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Pope Hyginus succeeds Pope Telesphorus as the ninth pope of Rome according to tradition.
* Change of Bishop of Byzantium from Bishop Eleutherius to Bishop Felix.

## Deaths

* May 24 – Judah ben Dama, one of the Ten Martyrs
* Gajabahu I, king of Raja Rata (modern Sri Lanka)
* Lucius Julius Servianus, Roman politician (b. AD 45)
# 32 BC

Year 32 BC was either a common year starting on Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Monday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Sosius (or, less frequently, year 722 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 32 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Republic

* Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Gaius Sosius become consuls of Rome.
* Spring – Final War of the Roman Republic: Mark Antony transfers his headquarters from Samos to Athens, where he assembles a fleet of 500 combat vessels and 300 transport ships, crewed by 150,000 men.
* Sparta under Caius Iulius Eurycles, whose father Antony had been ordered to be executed for piracy, declares his support for Octavian. Lappa (modern Argyroupoli) in Attica and Kydonia in Crete revolt against Cleopatra.
* July – The Roman Senate declares war upon Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII. Octavian Caesar is proclaimed dux and the West - Gallic and Spanish provinces, Africa, Sicily and Sardinia - swear an oath (sacramentum) of loyalty to him. In order to assure this oath, Octavian forces the high priest of the Vestal Virgins in Rome to hand over Antony's will, which contains information about the Roman-conquered territories as kingdoms and plans to build a tomb in Alexandria for him and Cleopatra.
* Winter – Antony distributes garrisons along the west coast of Greece, stations the fleet at Actium and establishes his headquarters at Patrae.
* Zacynthus is held by Gaius Sosius, and Methone (Messenia) by Bogud of the royal house of Mauretania, driven into exile by his brother Bocchus II.

## Births

* Marcus Valerius Messalla, Roman politician

## Deaths

* March 31 – Titus Pomponius Atticus, Roman nobleman
# Främling (song)

"Främling" (Swedish pronunciation:; "Stranger") is a song recorded by Swedish singer Carola Häggkvist with music composed by Lasse Holm, Swedish lyrics written by Monica Forsberg, and arranged by Lennart Sjöholm [sv]. It represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1983 held in Munich, after winning the Melodifestivalen 1983.

## Background
### Conception

"Främling" was composed by Lasse Holm, with Swedish lyrics by Monica Forsberg, and was arranged by Lennart Sjöholm [sv].

### National Selection

"Främling" performed by a 16-year-old Carola Häggkvist competed in the 22nd edition of the Melodifestivalen, winning the competition. As this Melodifestivalen was organised by Sveriges Television (SVT) to select its song and performer for the 28th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, the song became the Swedish entrant, and Carola the performer, for Eurovision. Kikki Danielsson was first asked to sing "Främling", but instead she chose "Varför är kärleken röd?", which finished second.
In addition to the Swedish language original version, Carola recorded the song in English –as "Love Isn't Love" with lyrics by Stuart Slater–, German –as "Fremder"–, Dutch –as "Je ogen hebben geen geheimen"–, and in an English-Dutch-Swedish version.

### Eurovision

On 23 April 1983, the Eurovision Song Contest was held at the Rudi-Sedlmayer-Halle in Munich hosted by Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR) on behalf of ARD and broadcast live throughout the continent. Carloa performed "Främling" fourth on the evening, following the United Kingdom's "I'm Never Giving Up" by Sweet Dreams, and preceding Italy's entry "Per Lucia" by Riccardo Fogli. Anders Ekdahl conducted the event's live orchestra in the performance of the Swedish entry.
At the close of voting, it had received 126 points, placing third in a field of twenty.

## Chart history

"Främling" became a huge hit in Scandinavia, charting in Finland, Norway and Sweden, peaking at number six, one and five, respectively.

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1983) | Peak position |
| Denmark (IFPI) | 1 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 6 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 1 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 5 |
| Chart (2023–2025) | Peak position |
| Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan) "Främling 40" (with Nause) | 8 |

## Legacy

* The Swedish heavy metal group Black Ingvars covered "Främling" on their 1998 album Schlager Metal.
* Finnish singer Meiju Suvas covered the song in Finnish, as "Muukalainen" (also translating as "stranger").
* The Norwegian free-jazz band Farmers Market has covered "Främling" on several concerts, and on their 2008 album Surfin' USSR. Farmers Market often use unusual time signatures, and their version of Främling switch between 11/16, 15/16, 7/16 and 13/16. The live version usually also has four bars of 2/4.
# AD 51

AD 51 (LI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Scipio (or, less frequently, year 804 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 51 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Claudius and future emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus are Roman Consuls.
* Burrus, praetorian prefect (51–62 AD), charges Seneca with the education of Nero.
* In Britain, governor Publius Ostorius Scapula defeats Caratacus and the Silures in the territory of the Ordovices in central Wales. Caratacus seeks sanctuary with Cartimandua, queen of the Brigantes in northern England, but she is a Roman ally and hands him over to Ostorius. Despite the defeat, the Silures continue to fight.
* The captured Caratacus is exhibited in chains in Claudius' triumph in Rome, but his dignified demeanour persuades the emperor to spare his life and allow his family to live free in the capital for a short period of time.

#### Parthia

* Vonones II dies a few months after he had ascended to the throne. His son Vologases I becomes the new Parthian king.

## Deaths

* Gotarzes II, king of the Parthian Empire
* Lucius Vitellius the Elder, Roman consul (b. 5 BC)
* Mithridates of Armenia, Roman client king
* Vonones II, king of the Parthian Empire
# AD 411

Year 411 (CDXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1164 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 411 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Honorius sends two Roman generals to deal with the usurper Constantine III in Gaul. They kill Gerontius, Constantine's rebellious general (magister militum) in Spain, then besiege Arles and defeat Constantine III. He is taken prisoner and put to death at Ravenna.
* Following the defeat of Constantine III, the Burgundians and the Gallic nobility proclaim Jovinus, Gallo-Roman senator, emperor of the Western Roman Empire at Mogontiacum (modern Mainz).

#### Europe

* King Ataulf leads the Goths into Gaul at the instigation of Honorius, who promises to recognise a Visigothic Kingdom if he defeats the several usurpers who threaten the Roman Empire.
* The Alans establish their rule in the Roman province of Lusitania (Portugal south of the Duero River and Spain).
* The Teutonic tribes in Spain join the Roman Empire as foederati (allies with military commitments).

#### Asia

* Ingyo succeeds his brother Hanzei, and becomes the 19th emperor of Japan.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Rabbula becomes bishop of Edessa.
* The Councils of Carthage are held, on the issue of Donatism.

## Births

* Merovech, Founder of the Merovingian dynasty and grandfather of Clovis I (approximate date)

## Deaths

* September 18 – Constantine III, Roman usurper
* Constans II, usurper and son of Constantine III
* Gerontius, Roman general
* Gundomar I, king of Burgundy
* Yax Nuun Ayiin I, king of Tikal (Guatemala) (approximate date)
# Nega

Nega may refer to:
* Berhanu Nega (born 1958), mayor of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
* Nega Mezlekia (born 1958), Ethiopian writer who writes in English
* Nega (album), a 1997 album by Maxim Fadeev
# Transition metal phosphate complex

Transition metal phosphate complexes are coordination complexes with one or more phosphate ligands. Phosphate binds to metals through one, two, three, or all four oxygen atoms. The bidentate coordination mode is common. The second and third pK$_a$'s of phosphoric acid, pK$_{a2}$ and pK$_{a3}$, are 7.2 and 12.37, respectively. It follows that HPO2−4 and PO3−4 are sufficiently basic to serve as ligands. The examples below confirm this expectation. Molecular metal phosphate complexes have no or few applications.

## Examples

* Co(H$_2$NCH$_2$CH$_2$NH$_2$)$_2$PO$_4$
* [Pt$_2$(HPO$_4$)$_4$(SC$_4$H$_8$)$_2$]$^{2−}$
* [Re$_3$Cl$_9$(PO$_4$)]$^{3−}$
* Phosphotungstic acid H$_3$PW$_{12}$O$_{40}$
* Bidentate, chelating: One example is [Co(ethylenediamine)$_2$(PO$_4$)].
* Bis-Bidentate: {[Co([tetraamine)]$_2$(PO$_4$)}$^{3+}$ (tetraamine = N(CH$_2$CH$_2$CH$_2$NH$_2$)$_3$)
* Bidentate, bridging: Phosphate, like carboxylate and sulfate, is well suited to span metal-metal bonds. This bonding mode is illustrated by [Mo$_2$(HPO$_4$)$_4$]$^{4−}$, which features a Mo-Mo triple bond. Related [Pt(III)]$_2$ complexes have been reported.
* Tridentate, bridging. Several triangulo clusters feature a capping phosphate ligand, e.g. [Re$_3$Cl$_9$(PO$_4$)]$^{3−}$.
* Encapsulated: In phosphotungstic acid, all four oxygen atoms of phosphate are bonded to metals.

## Other transition metal phosphates

Aside from molecular metal phosphate complexes, the topic of this article, many or most transition metal phosphates are nonmolecular, being coordination polymers or dense ternary or quaternary phases. Iron(III) phosphate, contemplated as a cathode material for batteries, is one example. Vanadyl phosphate (VOPO$_4$(H$_2$O)) is a commercial catalyst for oxidation reactions. Many metal phosphates occur as minerals.

## Di- and polyphosphates

Phosphates exist in many condensed oligomeric forms. Many of these derivatives function as ligands for metal ions. Pyrophosphate (P$_2$O4−7) and trimetaphosphate ([P$_3$O$_9$]$^{3−}$) have been particularly studied. They typically function as bi- and tridentate ligands.
# Beaubier

Beaubier may refer to:
* Cameron Beaubier (born 1992), American motorcycle racer
* David Wilson Beaubier (1864–1938), Canadian politician
* Northstar (Jean-Paul Beaubier), fictional Marvel Comics superhero
* Aurora (Jeanne-Marie Beaubier), fictional Marvel Comics superhero
* Beaubier, Saskatchewan, Canadian hamlet
# Layla Almasri

Layla Almasri (/ælˈmɑːsri/ al-MAHSS-ree; Arabic: ليلى المصري, Palestinian pronunciation:; born 26 June 1999) is a Palestinian-American athlete specializing in middle-distance and long-distance running. In 2024, she received an invitation from the International Olympic Committee to represent Palestine in the 800 meters event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Early life

Almasri was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, to a family from Nablus, West Bank. She started running as a young child, taking part in running clubs and joining her middle school's track team.
She attended the University of Colorado Colorado Springs from 2017 to 2023, studying biomedical sciences and pursuing a career as a medical sonographer.

## Career

Almasri joined her university's track and field club, the UCCS Mountain Lions, and ran cross-country. She later became assistant coach.
In March 2023, she began running under the Palestinian flag, and in June 2023, she won the bronze medal in the 1500 meters at the 2023 Arab Athletics Championships in Marrakech. In July 2023, she finished 6th in the 1500 meters at the Asian Athletics Championships. She competed at the 2024 World Athletics Cross Country Championships.
At the 2024 Summer Olympics, she set a new national record for Palestine in the 800 metres during her heat, but failed to advance.

## Personal bests

* 800 metres – 2:12.21 (Paris 2024) NR
** Indoor – 2:16.71 (Colorado Springs 2021)
* 1500 metres – 4:20.05 (Murfreesboro, TN 2024) NR
* Mile – 4:41.66 (Saint Louis 2023) NR
** Indoor – 4:50.53 (Topeka 2022)
* 3000 metres – 9:38.11i (Topeka 2023)
* 5000 metres – 16:00.80 (Los Angeles 2024) NR
# Far from Home (1975 film)

Far from Home (Persian: در غربت, romanized: Dar Ghorbat) is a 1975 Iranian film directed by Sohrab Shahid-Saless. It was entered into the 25th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Parviz Sayyad as Husseyin
* Cihan Anasai as Student
* Muhammet Temizkan as Kasim
* Hüsamettin Kaya as Osman
* Imran Kaya as Osmans Frau
* Sakibe Kaya as Osmans Tochter
* Wurdu Püsküllü
* Ursula Kessler as Alte Frau
* Renate Derr as Frau im Park
* Stanislaus Solotar as Arbeiter in der Kantine
* Heinz Bernard as Arbeiter in der U-Bahn
# Anapa campaign (1790)

vteSheikh Mansur Movement Russian conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan Russo-Circassian War :
1785
Aldy (July)
Alkhan–Yurt (July)
Karginsk (July)
1st Kizlyar (July)
Grigoriopolis (July)
2nd Kizlyar (August)
Malka River (October)
Tatartup (November)
1786
Invasion of Kabardia (July)
1787
Kachkalikov (January)
Russian punitive Campaign (January)
Karabulak Campaign (June)
1st Anapa Campaign (September)
1st Urup River
Kuban River
1788
Shchedrinskaya (January)
2nd Anapa Campaign (August–October)
Ubin River
1st Anapa
1790
3rd Anapa Campaign (February–May)
Shibza River
2nd Anapa
Tokhtamysh River (September)
1791
3rd Anapa (June) :
The Anapa campaign in the winter of 1790 was a military expedition launched by Russia to capture the fortress of Anapa. The expedition failed.

## Background

The fort of Anapa is located on Krasnodar Krai and facing the black sea and Crimea. In the past centuries, it was a trading post where Turks, Greeks, and Genoese people came to buy slaves from Circassia and Abkhazia. By the end of the 18th century, the fort became a battleground between the Ottomans, Russians, Circassians, Crimeans, and Nogai people due to its location. In 1787, the Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia. The Chechen leader, Sheikh Mansur, who was allied with the Ottomans at the time, took a position to defend Anapa from the Russian army.

## Campaign

In March 1790, Russia dispatched a military expedition to conquer the Ottoman fort of Anapa. The fort had a garrison of 15,000 men, led by Battal Hussein Pasha. The Russians were led by General Yuri Bibikov, who had a force of 12,000 men. Bibikov arrived at a village near the fort and attacked it; he also began attacking Circassian and Nogai tribes, defeating them. Pasha dispatched a force under Kose Mustasa Pasha to aid the tribes; however, he was defeated and forced back to the fort.
After his victory, Yuri attacked the fort of Anapa on March 24. The Russian troops did not have scaling ladders, horses, or food, and the hostile Caucasian population began attacking them. The Russian attack on the fort was also repulsed by heavy Ottoman artillery and attacks from the forces of Sheikh Mansur. As a result, the Russians called off the attack and withdrew. Yuri lost 5,000 men and 1,000 sick and wounded died 40 days later. The Russian Tsarina, Catherine the Great, dismissed Yuri, who was later sent for trial.