OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Slade National Wildlife Refuge

Slade National Wildlife Refuge is a 3,000-acre (12 km$^2$) National Wildlife Refuge in Kidder County, North Dakota. It was established in 1941 when the property was donated by G.T. Slade, a Northern Pacific Railroad executive. It is managed under the Long Lake National Wildlife Refuge. It contains Harker Lake and Upper Harker Lake.

## History

Historically, the marshes and wetlands south of the town of Dawson, North Dakota support a large quantity of migratory waterfowl, which have attracted hunters. George Theron Slade, Third Vice President of the Northern Pacific Railroad, enjoyed hunting game birds in the area. In 1924, he began purchasing land around Harker Lake for the use of a private shooting club. Slade invested a considerable sum into improving the land with the aim of making it more attractive for waterfowl. Improvements included planting and harvesting a limited amount of organically-grown grain to provide bird feed, and a well capable of pumping 60,500 liters (16,000 gallons) of water per hour to keep the lake level from falling during drought. In 1940, Slade donated the land to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, which used the land to establish the Slade National Wildlife Refuge.

## Wildlife

The refuge is used by waterfowl approximately nine months out of the year. The most common species to be found include Canada geese, mallards, snow geese, ring-necked pheasants, sharp-tailed grouse, and Hungarian partridges. White-tailed deer are common around the lake, and some coyotes live in the area. A majority of the grasslands around the perimeter of the lake are introduced grasses and legumes.
# Southeast Idaho National Wildlife Refuge Complex

Southeast Idaho National Wildlife Refuge Complex is a National Wildlife Refuge complex in the state of Idaho.

## Refuges within the complex

* Bear Lake National Wildlife Refuge
* Camas National Wildlife Refuge
* Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge
* Minidoka National Wildlife Refuge
# 347

Year 347 (CCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rufinus and Eusebius (or, less frequently, year 1100 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 347 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### China

* Li Shi, ruler of Cheng Han, fails in his attempt to halt a Jin expedition under Huan Wen. He flees to the capital Chengdu and surrenders his forces. Emperor Jin Mudi spares his life and makes him a marquess.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Council of Sardica: An attempt is made to resolve the Arian controversy, and ground rules for bishops are laid down.
* The Council of Philippopolis is held as the result of Eastern bishops leaving the Council of Sardica. In Philippopolis (Bulgaria), they excommunicate Pope Julius, and as a result, the Arian controversy is perpetuated.

## Births

* January 11 – Theodosius I, Roman Emperor (d. 395)
* March 27 – Saint Jerome, priest and translator of the Bible (approximate date)
* Eunapius, Greek sophist and historian
* John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople (approximate date)
* Paula, Desert Mother and Saint (d. 404)
* Saint Porphyry, bishop of Gaza (approximate date)

## Deaths

* Ursicinus of Brescia, Bishop of Brescia
# Hal Reid (actor)

James Halleck Reid (April 14, 1863 – May 22, 1920) was an American playwright and stage and screen actor. Reid also directed over a dozen films.

## Biography

Born in 1863, Reid entered the film business in 1910 as an actor, director, and writer, bringing along his teen son Wallace Reid, who had aspirations to be a director or cameraman. Many of his plays saw Broadway openings.
In 1912, Reid was appointed Censor to the Universal Film Corporation.
Reid was at one time said to be actually Harry Preston and that he had served a prison sentence for an unspecified crime. In 1915 Reid visited Georgia convicted murderer Leo Frank in prison for source material of a film he was making Thou Shall Not Kill. Frank was convicted, then pardoned for the 1913 murder of Mary Phagan in a famous Georgia murder case.
His son Wallace Reid became an actor who starred in many films of Hollywood's silent era.

## Selected plays

* At Cripple Creek
* A Mother's Love
* A Child Wife
* Custer's Last Fight (1905)
* For Love of a Woman
* Human Hearts (original title Logan's Luck, 1895)
* In Convict Stripes
* Knobs o'Tennessee (1899)
* A Working Girl's Wrong
* A Wife for a Day
* A Wife's Secret (1903)
* For a Human Life (1906)
* A Millionaire's Revenge (1906)
* The Prince of the World
* The Avenger (1907)
* The Gypsy Girl (1905)
* The Shoemaker (1907)
* Sweet Molly O! (1907)
* The Cow Puncher (1906)
* Roanoak
* The Peddler (1902)
* The German Immigrants
* The Heart of Virginia
* The Singing Girl from Killarney (1907)
* The Pride of Newspaper Row
* From Broadway to Bowery (1907)

## Filmography

* The Girl from Arizona (1910), short
* Becket (1910), short
* Human Hearts (1910), short
* Wig Wag (1911), short
* One Touch of Nature (1911), short
* The Path of True Love (1912), short
* Jean Intervenes (1912), short
* Indian Romeo and Juliet (1912), short
* The Hobo's Redemption (1912), short
* Cardinal Wolsey (1912), short
* Father Beauclaire (1912), short
* Virginius (1912), short
* A Nation's Peril (1912), short
* Rip Van Winkle (1912), short
* Every Inch a Man (1912), short
* The Deerslayer (1913), short
* Dan (1914)
* Time Lock No. 776 (1915)
* Mothers of Men (1917)
* Little Miss Hoover (1918)
* The Two Brides (1919)

## Film Director

* The Victoria Cross (1912) *short
* Old Love Letters (1912)*short
* Love in the Ghetto (1912)*short
* Father Beauclaire (1912)*short
* Curfew Shall Not Ring Tonight (1912)*short
* Kaintuck(1912)*short
* Virginius (1912)*short
* Votes for Women (1912)*short
* A Man's Duty (1912)*short
* At Cripple Creek (1912)*short
* Thou Shalt Not Kill (1913)*short
* The Deerslayer (1913)*short
* Time Lock No. 776 (1915)*feature
* Prohibition (1915)*feature
* Thou Shalt Not Kill(1915)*feature; based on the Leo Frank case
# Rowing at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's double sculls

The men's double sculls competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles took place are at the Long Beach Marine Stadium.

## Schedule

| Date | Round |
| Tuesday, August 9, 1932 | Heats |
| Thursday, August 11, 1932 | Repechage |
| Saturday, August 13, 1932 | Final |

## Results
### Heats

First boat of each heat qualified to the final, remainder goes to the repechage.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Rowers | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Noël de Mille Charles Pratt | Canada | 7:25.0 | Q |
| 2 | Mario Moretti Orfeo Paroli | Italy | 7:33.0 | R |
| 3 | Adamor Gonçalves Henrique Tomassini | Brazil | 7:38.8 | R |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Rowers | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | William Gilmore Ken Myers | United States | 6:16.31 | Q |
| 2 | Gerhard Boetzelen Herbert Buhtz | Germany | 7:21.4 | R |

### Repechage

First two qualify to the final.
| Rank | Rowers | Country | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Gerhard Boetzelen Herbert Buhtz | Germany | 7:28.4 | Q |
| 2 | Mario Moretti Orfeo Paroli | Italy | 7:33.2 | Q |
| 3 | Adamor Gonçalves Henrique Tomassini | Brazil | 7:57.8 | |

### Final

| Rank | Rowers | Country | Time |
| | William Gilmore Ken Myers | United States | 7:17.4 |
| | Gerhard Boetzelen Herbert Buhtz | Germany | 7:22.8 |
| | Noël de Mille Charles Pratt | Canada | 7:27.6 |
| 4 | Mario Moretti Orfeo Paroli | Italy | 7:49.2 |
# Nieczuj

Nieczuj is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Burzenin, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Burzenin, 20 km (12 mi) south of Sieradz, and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Navajo Church

Navajo Church is a 7,350-foot-elevation (2,240-meter) pillar in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States.

## Description

Navajo Church is part of the Zuñi Mountains. The landmark is located seven miles (11 km) east-northeast of Gallup and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of the town of Church Rock, which is named after the landform. Topographic relief is modest as the summit rises 550 feet (168 meters) above Red Rock State Park in 0.6 mile (1 km). A 2.2 mile (round-trip) hiking trail leads to, and around, the base of the spires. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains to the Puerco River. Navajo Church is a sacred place to the Navajo people. This landform's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

## Geology

The three spires of Navajo Church are composed of the Westwater Canyon Member of the Morrison Formation which dates to the Late Jurassic. The spires rest atop a pedestal of the formation's Recapture Member. This then overlays Zuni Sandstone which displays spectacular eolian crossbedding on the south face. Successive layers below dropping south to Red Rock Park include Bluff Sandstone, Summerville Formation, and Entrada Sandstone.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Navajo Church is located in a cool semiarid climate zone (Köppen BSk). The summers are hot during the day, but the high altitude and low humidity mean that nights remain distinctly cool. Most rain falls in the summer from afternoon thunderstorms, and winter snow is common and sometimes heavy.

## Gallery

* circa 1871–1878
* South aspect
* South aspect from Red Rock Park
# Australian cricket team in the West Indies in 1972–73

The Australian cricket team toured the West Indies in the 1972–73 season to play a five-match Test series against the West Indies. Australia won the series 2–0 with three matches drawn. Australia therefore kept the Sir Frank Worrell Trophy.

## Australian squad

The original squad selected were as follows:
* Batsmen – Ian Chappell (captain), Greg Chappell, Keith Stackpole, Doug Walters, John Benaud, Ian Redpath, Ross Edwards
* Fastbowlers – Dennis Lillee, Jeff Hammond, Max Walker, Bob Massie
* Spinners – Kerry O'Keeffe, Terry Jenner, John Watkins
* Wicketkeeper – Rod Marsh

## Test matches

Dennis Lillee became injured during the tour and Bob Massie lost form. However the other Australian bowlers performed admirably and Australia wound up winning the series comfortably.. Henry Blofeld later wrote in Wisden:
   It hardly seemed possible for Australia to win a series in the West Indies without any contribution from Lillee and Massie who had developed into such a formidable combination against England a few months earlier, and without the services of Mallett, their off spinner, who was unavailable for the tour. In spite of all this Ian Chappell's side won impressively, beating the West Indies in the third and fourth Test matches at Port of Spain and Georgetown respectively. Australia won as much as anything because of the strength and the nature of their temperament which both collectively and individually refuses to accept defeat until it has become a fact. On the other hand it was the temperamental deficiencies of the West Indies players which contributed more to their defeat than any technical inadequacies.

## Test series summary
### First Test

* 16–21 February 1973 Scorecard
* Match drawn Sabina Park, Kingston Umpires: Ralph Gosein and Douglas Sang Hue
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 19 February was taken as a rest day.
* Jeff Hammond (AUS) made his Test debut.

### Second Test

* 9–14 March 1973 Scorecard
* Match drawn Kensington Oval, Bridgetown Umpires: HBD Jordan and D Sang Hue
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 12 March was taken as a rest day.
* ET Willett (WIN) made his Test debut.

### Third Test

* 23–28 March 1973 Scorecard
* Australia won by 44 runs Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain Umpires: Ralph Gosein and Douglas Sang Hue
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 26 March was taken as a rest day.

### Fourth Test

* 6–11 April 1973 Scorecard
* Australia won by 10 wickets Bourda, Georgetown Umpires: Cecil Kippins and Douglas Sang Hue
* West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
* 9 April was taken as a rest day.

### Fifth Test

* 21–26 April 1973 Scorecard
* Match drawn Queen's Park Oval, Port of Spain Umpires: Ralph Gosein and Douglas Sang Hue
* Australia won the toss and elected to bat.
* 24 April was taken as a rest day.
# Maile Ngauamo

Maile Ngauamo (born 15 August 1993 in Tonga) is a Tongan rugby union player who plays for the Brumbies in Super Rugby. His playing position is hooker. He was announced as a replacement signing in May 2019.

## Reference list

* ↑ "Ngauamo & Wagner Join Squad for Rest of Season" (Press release). Brumbies. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
* ↑ Dutton, Chris (2019-05-24). "Brumbies sign front-row duo as back-ups". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
# Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge

Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States in Nevada. It is located in the Lahontan Valley, near the community of Fallon, sixty miles east of Reno. It was established in 1949 and encompasses 79,570 acres (322.0 km$^2$).
The Stillwater wetlands are well known to birders, as this area has been designated a site of international importance by the Western Hemispheric Shorebird Reserve Network because of the hundreds of thousands of shorebirds, such as long-billed dowitcher, black-necked stilt, and American avocet passing through during migration.
Also listed as a 'Globally Important Bird Area' by the American Bird Conservancy, more than 280 species have been sighted in the area. These tremendously rich and diverse wetlands attract more than a quarter million waterfowl, as well as over 20,000 other water birds, including American white pelicans, double-crested cormorants, white-faced ibis, and several species of egrets, herons, gulls, and terns.
# 196

Year 196 (CXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dexter and Messalla (or, less frequently, year 949 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 196 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Septimius Severus attempts to assassinate Clodius Albinus but fails, causing Albinus to retaliate militarily.
* Emperor Septimius Severus captures and sacks Byzantium; the city is rebuilt and regains its previous prosperity.
* In order to assure the support of the Roman legion in Germany on his march to Rome, Clodius Albinus is declared Augustus by his army while crossing Gaul.
* Hadrian's wall in Britain is partially destroyed.

#### China

* First year of the Jian'an Era, during the reign of the Xian Emperor of the Han.
* The Xian Emperor returns to war-ravaged Luoyang and seeks the protection of warlord Cao Cao. He is advised to move the capital to Xuchang; the emperor becomes a pawn in the hands of the Chinese warlords.

#### Korea

* Naehae becomes king of Silla.

### By topic
#### Religion

* A church council is held in Caesarea over the date of Easter.

## Births

* Cao Chong, son of Cao Cao (d. 208)

## Deaths

* Beolhyu, Korean ruler of Silla
* Cao Bao, Chinese general and governor
* Chizhi Shizhu Hou, Chinese puppet ruler (b. 150)
* Zhou Xin, Chinese official and politician
# Sarah Gertrude Knott

Sarah Gertrude Knott (1895 Kevil, Kentucky – 1984) was an American folklorist, and folk festival organizer.

## Early life

Sarah Gertrude Knott was born in 1895 in Kevil, Kentucky. She created the National Folk Festival Association in 1933 and founded the National Folk Festival, first held in St Louis, in 1934.

## Works

* "The National Folk Festival after Twelve Years", California Folklore Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Jan., 1946), pp. 83–93
# Alliance for the Homeland

The Alliance for the Homeland (Romanian: Alianța pentru Patrie, ApP, formerly known as PAINE) was a nationalist political party in Romania.

## History

The party was founded on 19 September 2021 by Codrin Ștefănescu and promoted by Liviu Dragnea, who was the leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) between 2015 and 2019 until his judicial demise. Dragnea holds no position in the party, as he is barred from political offices until 2024.
Dragnea explained to have agreed with Ștefănescu on the idea of founding their own party in October 2020 and in May 2021, and the party's name was first registered in court by four other people. Dragnea's early release from prison on 15 July 2021 served as a pre-announcement. Dragnea criticized the PSD for not being an effective opposition party, and for changing course under the leadership that replaced him following his conviction. Dragnea added that if he were to return to politics in any form, he would need people to work with, and did not rule out founding his own party.
The party was merged into the National Identity Force Party, led by ex-minister Ilan Laufer, on 1 December 2023.

## Ideology

Both Dragnea and Ștefănescu originate from the PSD. Their platform promotes economic nationalism and Romanian nationalism. It is Eurosceptic and advocates familialism. Dragnea explained that Ștefănescu's intent was to create a new party "that is not riddled with compromisers, with insiders".
Although it maintains a left-wing outlook, the party's slogan calls for the return of the national sovereignty of Romania. Dragnea commented that it is "not a radical, xenophobic, anti-European party", and focuses on welfare. Ștefănescu was elected as Member of Parliament in 2000 for the radical right populist Greater Romania Party (PRM). It was also described as national-populist.
The manifesto on the party's website describes it as "a national party that advocates for the homeland, the family, national identity and pride, the well-being of every Romanian and the traditional historical, cultural, moral and religious values of the Romanian people". It aims to tackle the demographics of Romania's population exodus and the decrease of Romania regions by Human Development Index, and seeks to end abusive investigations and legal threats. It opposes alleged dangerous chemicals put in foreign food imports, the population's "biological degradation", and the alleged unpatriotic "progressive, neo-Marxist politicians" who are "acting at the behest of foreigners".
Political scientist Ioan Bogdan Lefter described the party as ultranationalist and similar to Vladimir Putin's United Russia.
# Tauschia stricklandii

Tauschia stricklandii is a perennial herb in the Apiaceae family with the common name Strickland's umbrella-wort. It is a narrow endemic that is found mostly in meadows around Mount Rainier.

## Description

Tauschia stricklandii is a glabrous herb usually less than 30 cm (12 in) tall. A small number of compound leaves arise from the base and each is divided into leaflet segments that are lanceolate to elliptic and up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long and 1 cm (0.4 in) wide. There are sometimes much reduced cauline leaves low on the flower stem. The tiny yellow flowers are held well above the foliage in a compound umbel that arises from the base of the plant. The flowers have yellow anthers and are very similar in appearance to those of Lomatium species. The fruit is a slightly elongated sphere that acquires prominent ridges as it matures and is 2 to 3 mm (0.08 to 0.12 in) long.

## Range and habitat

Tauschia stricklandii is abundant in certain seasonally wet meadows around Mount Rainier in Washington state, notably in Grand Park and Spray Park. It is also found in a few other Mount Rainier meadows and there are apparently disjunct populations in a few isolated meadows in northern and western Oregon.

## Taxonomy

The taxonomy of this genus in unsettled, with many species having been transferred to Lomatium, with likely additional changes to be made following DNA sequence analysis.

## Gallery

* Leaf
* Fruits
# Ferrera

Ferrera is a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Grisons, Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2008 through the merger of Innerferrera and Ausserferrera. Geographically, it covers the entire Ferrera valley.

## Historical population

The combined historical population of the two municipalities is given in the following table:
| year | population |
| 1808 | 167 |
| 1850 | 273 |
| 1900 | 162 |
| 1950 | 145 |
| 1960 | 405 |
| 2000 | 96 |
    ^a Population increase due to construction of the dam at Valle di Lei

## Languages

Languages in Ferrera :
| Languages | Census of 1980 | Census of 1980 | Census of 1990 | Census of 1990 | Census of 2000 | Census of 2000 |
| Languages | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage |
| German | 79 | 69.30% | 75 | 75.76% | 90 | 91.84% |
| Romansh | 33 | 28.95% | 21 | 21.21% | 1 | 1.02% |
| Italian | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 2.02% | 3 | 3.37% |
| Population | 114 | 100% | 99 | 100% | 98 | 100% |
Languages in Ausserferrera :
| Languages | Census of 1980 | Census of 1980 | Census of 1990 | Census of 1990 | Census of 2000 | Census of 2000 |
| Languages | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage |
| German | 29 | 58.00% | 28 | 58.33% | 44 | 93.62% |
| Romansh | 19 | 38.00% | 17 | 35.42% | 1 | 2.13% |
| Italian | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 4.17% | 1 | 2.13% |
| Population | 50 | 100% | 48 | 100% | 47 | 100% |
Languages in Innerferrera :
| Languages | Census of 1980 | Census of 1980 | Census of 1990 | Census of 1990 | Census of 2000 | Census of 2000 |
| Languages | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage |
| German | 50 | 78.13% | 47 | 92.16% | 46 | 94.0% |
| Romansh | 14 | 21.88% | 4 | 7.84% | 2 | 6.0% |
| Population | 64 | 100% | 51 | 100% | 49 | 100% |

## Weather

Innerferrera village in Ferrera has an average of 118.2 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,238 mm (48.7 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is August during which time Innerferrera receives an average of 158 mm (6.2 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.2 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 13.3, but with only 141 mm (5.6 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 44 mm (1.7 in) of precipitation over 12.2 days.