OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Koga, Fukuoka

Koga (古賀市, Koga-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 29 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 59,282 in 26981 households, and a population density of 1400 persons per km². The total area of the city is 42.07 km$^2$ (16.24 sq mi).

## Geography

Koga is located in northern Fukuoka Prefecture, approximately 15 kilometers northeast of Fukuoka City and approximately 15 kilometers southwest of Munakata City. It belongs to the commuting area of the Fukuoka metropolitan area and has been steadily growing in population as a commuter town. The city faces the Genkai Sea to the west, and is a sand dune area with pine fields. There are hilly areas in the north and south, bordering Fukutsu and Shingu, respectively. To the east lies the Inunaki Mountains, which extend from the Mikori Mountains. The Daikon River (Hanazuru River) flows from the mountains into the center of the town. A small flatland is formed by the deposits and alluvial fan of the Daikon River and the adjacent Nakagawa River. The center of the area is the Tenjin area, but there have been concerns about its hollowing out in recent years. Parts of the city are within the borders of the Genkai Quasi-National Park.

### Neighboring municipalities

Fukuoka Prefecture
* Fukutsu
* Hisayama
* Miyawaka
* Shingū

### Climate

Koga has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Koga is 15.7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1599 mm with September as the wettest month.

### Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Koga is as shown below

## History

The area of Koga was part of ancient Chikugo Province. During the Edo Period the area was under the control of Fukuoka Domain. After the Meiji restoration, the villages of Ogōri and Aoyagi were established on May 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The villages merged to form the town of Koga on April 1, 1955. Koga was raised to city status on October 1, 1997.

## Government

Koga has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 19 members. Koga contributes one member to the Fukuoka Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Fukuoka 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Koga has a mixed economy centering on agriculture and light manufacturing and food processing. An increasing percentage of the working population commutes to nearby Fukuoka City for work.

## Education

Koga has eight public elementary schools and three public junior high schools operated by the city government and two public high schools operated by the Fukuoka Prefectural Board of Education. The Fukuoka Jogakuin Nursing University is located in Koga.

## Transportation
### Railways

JR Kyushu - Kagoshima Main Line
    JA Chidori - Koga - Shishibu

### Highways

* Kyushu Expressway
* National Route 3
* National Route 495

## Local attractions

* Funabaru Kofun, National Historic Site

## Notable people from Koga

* Hiromu Shinozuka, manga artist
# The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World

The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World from the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests is a 1981 book by the British classical historian G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, a fellow of New College, Oxford. The book became a classic of Marxist historiography.

## Summary

De Ste. Croix, a fellow of New College, Oxford, makes a wide-ranging attempt to establish the validity of historical materialist analysis of the ancient world, among other historical periods. De Ste. Croix begins with the attempt to define exactly what terms such as "class", "exploitation", "surplus" and "mode of production" mean, in the sense they were used by Karl Marx. In his interpretation of Marxism, he acknowledges a debt to Gerald Cohen's Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence (1978) and Leszek Kołakowski's Main Currents of Marxism (1976).
Addressing diverse historical periods, De Ste. Croix covers questions as varied as the emergence of democracy in Ancient Athens and the social importance of the decline of the Greek city-state during the Roman Empire. In defending the viability of 'class struggle' as an analytical framework applicable to the ancient world, De Ste. Croix claims that Marx's conceptions are remarkably close to Aristotle's political philosophy and Thucydides' historiography. He cites numerous fourth and fifth-century BC sources to argue that Greek writers themselves (including Plato) saw political tendencies rooted ultimately in economic interests.
There is also lengthy discussion of the significance of the mode by which surplus value is generated. De Ste. Croix argues that a mode of surplus extraction, a concept devised by Marx, is significant and is not necessarily the same as the mode of production engaged in by the majority of a population.

## Reception

The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World has received much scholarly attention: more, according to Paul Cartledge, than almost any other work of ancient history since George Grote and Theodore Mommsen. It was soon seen as a classic of Marxist historiography, credited with bringing the Classical world back to holding a key position in Marxist history. The work was praised by Mark Golden for showing how a Marxist analysis can help explain the historical process.
The work was criticised by Yvon Garlan for involving a fundamentalist reading of Marx, though Paul Cartledge disagreed with this analysis, praising Ste. Croix for his avoiding dogmatically following Marx. Other critics have noted that the book failed to address the position of metics in ancient Greek society, and have queried Ste. Croix's characterisation of women as a separate class in the ancient world. Perry Anderson, for instance, argued that reproduction is not a form of production in the Marxist sense, and so Ste. Croix's contention that women counted as a separate class was inaccurate.
# Ibrahima Diallo (politician)

Ibrahima Diallo (born 1915 in Sedhiou, Senegal) was a Senegalese politician who served in the French Senate from 1956 to 1958.
# A Texas Steer

A Texas Steer is a lost 1927 American silent film directed by Richard Wallace and starring Will Rogers. It was a cinematic adaptation from an eponymous play by Charles H. Hoyt.

## Plot summary

Maverick Brander, a newly elected Congressman from the fictional town of Red Dog, Texas, moves to Washington, D.C. to serve in the United States House of Representatives. He supports the Eagle Rock Dam bill. Meanwhile, he flirts with a woman.

## Cast

* Will Rogers as Cattle Brander
* Louise Fazenda as Mrs. Ma Brander
* Sam Hardy as Brassy Gall
* Ann Rork as Bossy Brander
* Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. as Farleigh Bright
* Lilyan Tashman as Dixie Style
* George F. Marion as Fishback
* Bud Jamison as Othello (as Bud Jamieson)
* Arthur Hoyt as Knott Innitt
* Mack Swain as Bragg
* William Orlamond as Blow
* Lucien Littlefield as Yell

## Critical reception

The film was reviewed in The New York Times by film critic Mordaunt Hall in 1928. He noted, "There are passages in this film that are rowdy, but there are also a good many witty episodes."
# Yerkebulan Nurgaliyev

Yerkebulan Sabyruly Nurgaliyev (Kazakh: Еркебұлан Сабырұлы Нұрғалиев; born 12 September 1993) is a Kazakhstani footballer who plays as a midfielder for Yelimay.

## Career
### Club

In January 2018, Nurgaliyev signed for Akzhayik.
On 6 December 2018, Nurgaliyev signed a one-year contract with Shakhter Karagandy.
# Andrei Sidelnikov

Andrei Gennadyevich Sidelnikov (Russian: Андрей Геннадьевич Сидельников; born 8 March 1980) is a former professional footballer. Born in Russia, he played for the Kazakhstan national team.

## Career

On 29 December 2014, Sidelnikov was released by FC Aktobe.
On 24 January 2018, Sidelnikov announced his retirement from football.

## Honours
### Aktobe

* Kazakhstan Super Cup (1): 2014
# Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle heavyweight

The men's freestyle heavyweight was a Catch as Catch Can wrestling, later freestyle, event held as part of the wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. It was the third appearance of the weight class. Heavyweight was the heaviest category, and included wrestlers weighing over 80 kilograms.
A total of eight wrestlers from five nations competed in the event, which was held from Wednesday, August 25 to Friday, August 27, 1920.

## Results

| Quarterfinals August 25 | Quarterfinals August 25 | Semifinals August 27 | Semifinals August 27 | Final August 27 | Final August 27 |
| Robert Roth (SUI) | W | | |
| Jussi Salila (FIN) | L | | |
| Jussi Salila (FIN) | L | Robert Roth (SUI) | W |
| | | Fred Meyer (USA) | L |
| Fred Meyer (USA) | W | Fred Meyer (USA) | L |
| Frederick Mason (GBR) | L | | | | |
| Frederick Mason (GBR) | L | | | Robert Roth (SUI) | W |
| | | | | Nat Pendleton (USA) | L |
| Nat Pendleton (USA) | W | | | Nat Pendleton (USA) | L |
| Sven Mattsson (FIN) | L | | | | |
| Sven Mattsson (FIN) | L | Nat Pendleton (USA) | W | | |
| | | Ernst Nilsson (SWE) | L | Third place | Third place |
| Ernst Nilsson (SWE) | W | Ernst Nilsson (SWE) | L | Third place | Third place |
| Archie MacDonald (GBR) | L | | | | |
| Archie MacDonald (GBR) | L | | | Fred Meyer (USA) | draw |
| | | | | Ernst Nilsson (SWE) | draw |
# Waggarandall

Waggarandall is a locality in the Shire of Moira, Victoria.
Waggarandall post office opened on 12 February 1879 and was closed on 31 December 1964.
# Braslav, Duke of Lower Pannonia

Braslav (fl. 882–896) was a prince who ruled the Slavs in Lower Pannonia, in a territory located mostly in modern-day Croatia, between 884 and 896 as a vassal of Arnulf of Carinthia. He participated in the Frankish–Moravian War (882–84) and the Frankish invasion of Moravia (891–92). He was last mentioned when he was entrusted Pannonia by Arnulf in order to secure the Frankish frontier against the Hungarians (896), who subsequently overran all of Pannonia and continued into Italy.

## Background

In 882–84, a bloody war was fought between Arnulf of Carinthia and Svatopluk I of Moravia. The two agreed on peace in 884.

## Life

A Slavic prince and ardent Frankish loyalist, according to the Frankish Annals, Braslav was the "Duke of Lower Pannonia" (Pannonia inferior cum duce Braslao ad officium rediit). He ruled a province from the Drava to the Sava (modern-day Slavonia). He took part in the 884 Frankish–Moravian peace treaty reached at Tulln.
Sometime during 891, according to the Annals of Fulda, Arnulf sent an embassy led by margrave Arbo to Moravia in order to renew the peace. A letter written by the margrave soon announced that the legates were returning from Svatopluk and the Moravians who had agreed "to give themselves in friendship". Svatopluk, however, broke his pledges, thus Arnulf decided to invade Moravia in 891. First Arnulf met with Braslav, the Slavic dux on the river Sava, next raised an army of Franconians, Bavarians and Alamanni, and also recruited Hungarians to join his campaign (for the latter recruitment, Ottonian authors blamed Arnulf for unleashing the Hungarians on Europe). Braslav participated in the 892 campaign.
After Svatopluk's death in 894, the Hungarians ravaged Pannonia, becoming enemies of Arnulf, threatening Frankish Pannonia. The critical situation came after the Hungarians had occupied the Pannonian basin between the Tisza and Danube. Thus, in 895 or 896, Arnulf entrusted Mosapurc (modern Zalavár, Hungary) and Pannonia to Braslav, thereby strengthening the defense of his southeastern frontier. Arnulf and Braslav could not stop the Hungarians, and Pannonia was subsequently overrun by the Hungarians. Braslav was last mentioned in a source dating to 898, at which time the Hungarians with a great army had breached into Italy for the first time, having crossed the Slavic lands.

## Legacy

He also undertook a pilgrimage to Cividale as his name is found in the Evangelistary of Cividale together with the name of his wife Ventescela.
Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, has been theorized as having been named after Braslav (Brezalauspurc, 907).
There are references to Braslav as a Croatian duke in modern Croatian historiography.
# Johan Koren Christie (writer)

Johan Koren Christie (31 May 1814 – 17 May 1885) was a Norwegian writer. He was a notable nationalist writer in the middle of the nineteenth century.
He was born in Kristiansund, the son of customs officer and politician Edvard Eilert Christie (1773–1831). He was a grandnephew of Werner Hosewinckel Christie, nephew of politician Wilhelm Frimann Koren Christie, a first cousin of architect Christian Christie, politician Hans Langsted Christie and physicist Hartvig Caspar Christie, and a granduncle of politician Hartvig Caspar Christie. He was a second cousin of female politician pioneer Sara Stockfleth Christie.
He finished his secondary education at Bergen Cathedral School in 1834, enrolled in law studies but left after three years, then worked as a private teacher before graduating with the cand.theol. degree in 1842. He worked as a teacher and headmaster in Røros from 1843 and Tromsø from 1847. In March 1848 in Tromsø he married Benedicte Sontum (1816–1846). From 1855 to 1859 he worked at Bergen Cathedral School.
Already while studying he wrote extensively, in the magazines Urda and Granskeren. Granskeren was issued by Ludvig Kristensen Daa, a friend of Christie. Christie was also involved in the dispute between Henrik Wergeland and Johan Sebastian Welhaven, on the former's side. He debated questions on the Norwegian language, especially in the Norwegian Students' Society; in 1843 he released Om det norske Sprogs Retskrivning: et Forsøg. He had high ambitions, and wanted to publish a thesis on Norwegian legends, but only managed to publish one chapter, in the journal Norsk Tidsskrift for Videnskab og Litteratur. His literary production declined when living in remote Røros and Tromsø. In Norsk biografisk leksikon, Francis Bull wrote that living in Northern Norway "had destroyed him". He did continue to publish poems, novels, translations and magazines (such as Bergenseren from 1859 to 1860), and now supported nationalist Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, but according to Francis Bull, his "attempts at novels have little value". He lived in Haugesund in his later life, and died there on 17 May 1885, incidentally the Norwegian Constitution Day, the celebration of which nationalists like Wergeland and Bjørnson had been proponents.
# Svetoslav Suronja

Svetoslav Suronja (Croatian pronunciation:), was King of Croatia from 997 to 1000. A member of the Trpimirović dynasty, he reigned with the help of his ban, Varda. John the Deacon (d. 1009) called him "Surinja" (Latin: "Surigna"), adopted in Croatian historiography as "Suronja", meaning "dark man" or "cold man", probably due to his temper. He was the oldest son of king Stephen Držislav, from whom he received the title of duke, and was designated as his successor.

## Rebellion

After the death of their father, his brothers Krešimir III and Gojslav started organizing a rebellion against him since Svetoslav rejected sharing power over the kingdom. The brothers had asked Bulgarian emperor Samuil for aid, even though the emperor was at war with the Byzantine Empire. In the war, the Byzantines were supported by Venice and Svetoslav Suronja, who had continued his father's policy. Samuil had accepted the revolters' invitation and attacked Croatia in 998, which started the last of three Croatian-Bulgarian wars. In his rampage, he took all of Croatian Dalmatia up to Zadar after which he ended his rampage, returning home to Bulgaria through Bosnia. Samuil gave all the territory he took to the revolters Krešimir and Gojslav. Using this newly gained territory and further Bulgarian aid, the brothers overthrew their elder brother, Svetoslav Suronja, and became rulers of Croatia.

## War with Venice

Svetoslav's reign was particularly unpleasant for the Dalmatian cities, as they were occasionally raided and pillaged by his supporters. The cities asked the Venetian Republic for help in the autumn of 999, which encouraged Venice to make a pact with the Byzantine Empire in order to secure the cities for themselves. Taking the Croatian raids as a casus belli, the Venetian Doge Pietro II Orseolo launched a campaign in Dalmatia against Croatia in 1000. In May, Croatia lost the islands Cres, Lošinj, Krk and Rab to the Doge, who was eventually received in Zadar and recognised as its master. Svetoslav sent envoys to the city offering peace, but the Doge declined and decided to further his campaign. From here the island Pašman was taken and, with negotiations, the city of Biograd.
He was the father of Stjepan Svetoslavić.
# Muslim Mubarak

Muslim Mubarak Almas (Arabic: مسلم مبارك الماس; born 13 June 1985 in Basra, Iraq) is an Iraqi footballer currently playing for Baghdad club Al-Difaa Al-Madani. He was part of Iraq B team in the 2007 King's Cup.

## Career

For several years the forward that been touted as starter for the national side after his displays for Al-Zawraa and the Under-19s, however coach after coach have overlooked the dazzling frontman for the national side. Has won the league title at three clubs, in 2006 with Al-Zawraa in which he dispatched the winning penalty, with Arbil FC in 2008 and with Al Shorta in 2013.

## Honors
### Clubs
#### Al-Zawraa

* Iraqi Premier League: 2005–06

#### Erbil

* Iraqi Premier League: 2007–08, 2008–09, 2011–12

#### Al-Shorta

* Iraqi Premier League: 2012–13
# Najm Shwan

Najm Shwan (born 9 July 1997) is an Iraqi footballer who plays as a defender for Duhok SC, in Iraq Stars League, and the Iraq national team.

## International career

On 11 August 2019, Shwan made his first international cap with Iraq against Yemen in the 2019 WAFF Championship.

## Honours

Al-Zawraa
* Iraqi Premier League: 2015–16
* Iraq FA Cup: 2016–17, 2018–19
# Budakovo

Budakovo (Macedonian: Будаково, Turkish: Budaklar) is a village in the municipality of Mogila, North Macedonia. It used to be part of the former municipality of Dobruševo.

## Demographics

In the early Ottoman period, Budakovo was one of several villages in the Pelagonia plain settled by nomadic Turkomen tribes from Anatolia during 1475–1543.
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 248 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Turks 200
* Macedonians 44
* Albanians 3
* Others 1
# Battle of Millarapue

The Battle of Millarapue that occurred November 30, 1557 was intended by the Toqui Caupolicán as a Mapuche ambush of the Spanish army of García Hurtado de Mendoza that resulted in a Spanish victory when the ambush failed.

## History

After the victory of the Spanish arms in the Battle of Lagunillas, Mendoza went into the hostile territory of Arauco looking for a decisive battle. The Spanish royal forces encamped at Millarapue on November 29. The Mapuche army under Caupolicán tried an ambush at dawn on November 30, attempting to surprise the enemy camp. That day was the day of San Andres celebrated among the Spaniards and a celebratory morning call of trumpets was interpreted by the Araucanians as an alarm. Believing their ambush detected Caupolicán ordered his army to advance to the attack. Leading some Mapuche warriors from the front was Galvarino, with his handless arms urging on his comrades. The battle was brutal and fierce. The Battle of Millarapue lasted from dawn to early afternoon. Finally the Mapuches were defeated, losing 3,000 dead and 800 captured. Captured leaders were hanged, and Galvarino, captured again, was thrown to the dogs. Following the victory the Spanish advanced to Tucapel and settled down to build the fort of Cañete, not very far from where Valdivia's old fort of Tucapel had been located.
# John Frederick Bailey

John Frederick Bailey (5 August 1866 – 19 May 1938) was a botanist and horticulturist active in Australia in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Bailey became Director of the Botanic Gardens of Brisbane in 1905. He succeeded his father, Frederick Manson Bailey, as state botanist of Queensland for 18 months in 1915–1916. He was subsequently the Director of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide from 1917 to 1932, where an earlier attempt to establish a botanic garden had been made in 1839 by his grandfather, John Bailey, South Australia's first Colonial Botanist.

## Memberships

* Royal Society of Queensland, Secretary from 1893 to 1905, President in 1909
* Horticultural Society

## Publications

* 1896: Report on the timber trees of Herberton District, North Queensland. 15 pages.
* 1906: A Selection of Flowering Climbers. 15 pages.
* 1910: Introduction of economic plants into Queensland. 102 pages.

## Literature

* Adelaide Botanic Garden, Centenary Volume 1855-1955 (Adel, 1955)
* Votes and Proceedings (Legislative Assembly, Queensland), 1906, 2, 146, (South Australia), 1918, 3 (89)
* R. H. Pulleine, 'The botanical colonisation of the Adelaide plains', Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (South Australian Branch), 35 (1935)
* C. T. White, 'The Bailey family and its place in the botanical history of Australia', JRHSQ, 3 (1936–47)
* Observer (Adelaide), 30 June 1923, 18 Apr 1925
* Australian botanists biographical files (Australian Academy of Science Library).
# Manik Prabhu Temple

Manik Prabhu Temple is a mandir in Mominpet, Andhra Pradesh, India. It was built by Kotra Janaiah Gupta in 1861.
* This article about an Indian Hindu place of worship is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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