OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 215

Year 215 (CCXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Laetus and Sulla (or, less frequently, year 968 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 215 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Caracalla's troops massacre the population of Alexandria, Egypt, beginning with the leading citizens. The emperor was angry about a satire, produced in Alexandria, mocking his claim that he killed Geta in self-defense.
* A coin, the Antoninianus, is introduced. The weight of this coin is a mere $^1$/$_{50}$ of a pound. Copper disappears gradually, and by the middle of the third century, with Rome's economy in crisis, the Antonianus will be the only official currency.

#### China

* Zhang Liao holds off Sun Quan's invasion force at the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford in Hefei, China.

#### Caucasus

* Vachagan I becomes king of Caucasian Albania.

## Births

* Huangfu Mi (or Shi'an), Chinese physician and poet (d. 282)

## Deaths

* Chen Wu, Chinese general serving under Sun Quan
* Clement of Alexandria, Greek scholar and philosopher
* Han Sui (or Wenyue), Chinese general and warlord
* Sun Yu, Chinese warlord and cousin of Sun Quan (b. 177)
* Zhang Cheng, Chinese official serving under Cao Cao
# Joshua & the Battle of Jericho

Joshua & the Battle of Jericho is a 1992 Christian video game developed and published by Wisdom Tree. The game is themed on the Battle of Jericho described in the Book of Joshua, in which the Israelites topple the defensive wall of the city of Jericho by encircling it and blowing their trumpets.
As a tile-based action puzzle game, Joshua & the Battle of Jericho was one of the few Christian video games of its day that did not adhere strictly to a Bible quiz format. However, the player is asked five multiple choice questions about the Book of Joshua between levels.
In 1992, Wisdom Tree published the game in the United States for the Nintendo Entertainment System, and later ported it to Game Boy (1993), MS-DOS (1994), and Sega Genesis (1994).

## Design and gameplay

The game is a sequel to 1991's Exodus, which was a redesign of Crystal Mines (1989), a title developed by Ken Beckett for Wisdom Tree's predecessor, Color Dreams. In addition to changes in theme, graphics, and game mechanics, Joshua introduces a password feature for revisiting a game level. The game has 100 levels, 100 quizzes, and 10 bonus stages. Unlike Exodus, the game has no background music.
Whereas in Crystal Mines the player character is a gun-wielding robot who mines a newly discovered exoplanet, Joshua is a tribal leader of Israel who infiltrates and pillages the city of Jericho. He attacks enemies and destroys obstacles with blasts from a shofar (a Jewish ceremonial horn). Enemies include Amorites, Hittites, and other Canaanites; Balaam features as a slightly more powerful enemy. Joshua's trumpet blasts (called "toots" in-game) also destroy blocks of Jericho's wall; "Israelite discontent", "Achan's sin", and "foreign idols" (cult images) are likewise represented by destructible tiles. The trumpet blasts are symbolized by white quavers. Occasionally, destroying a block with a trumpet blast reveals an item or power-up.
All the levels have a time limit. To advance in the game, Joshua must pillage enough gold, silver, brass, and iron to meet the quota for the level. He must also collect five "Joshua questions". With all these attained, he navigates to the exit. The obstacles to these goals are movable boulders, immovable barriers, destructible objects, enemy soldiers, citizens, goats, et al.
After each game level (including the final one) is a Bible quiz. By correctly answering trivia questions about the Book of Joshua (and other books such as Numbers and Deuteronomy), the player earns Bibles. The game advances even if the player answers questions incorrectly.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Hardcore Gaming 101 | 4/10 |
| Sega-16 | 8/10 |
# Pallion

Pallion is a suburb and electoral ward in North West Sunderland, in Tyne and Wear, England. Most of the buildings in the area were built during the Victorian Era and consist of large terraced houses built for shipbuilders, but also smaller one-storey cottages in other areas for local workers (the shipyard industry has now long gone).
The place-name 'Pallion' is first attested in 1328, where it appears as le Pavylion. This is a French name meaning 'the Pavilion'.
On the edge of the parish (on the bank of the River Wear) once stood Pallion Hall, the childhood home of Sir Joseph Swan, developer of the lightbulb. The house was demolished in 1901. Near this part of the area is a retail park, Pallion Metro station and an industrial estate. The new Northern Spire Bridge crosses the Wear just to the east of here.
Pallion was also the home of the infamous New Monkey club, which had shaped rave culture in the North East. The club was shut down in 2006 after a drugs raid where there were 18 arrests. 165 officers stormed the club, later the club was forced to shut down.
The electoral ward of Pallion was a safe seat for the Labour Party from its creation in the 1970s until early 2018, when it was won by Liberal Democrat campaigner Martin Haswell. Pallion's ethnicity is very similar to the Sunderland average.
# 829

Year 829 (DCCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* October 2 – Emperor Michael II dies after an 8-year reign in Constantinople, and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Theophilos, as sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire. He continues his father's ideology of iconoclasm.
* October – Battle of Thasos: Saracens from the newly founded Emirate of Crete almost annihilate the Byzantine fleet at Thasos, close to the coast of Thrace. The Cyclades and other islands in the Aegean Sea are pillaged.

#### Europe

* Emperor Louis the Pious appoints his 6-year-old son Charles (by his second wife Judith) as ruler of the Frankish subkingdom Alamannia, enraging his eldest son and co-emperor Lothair I, who begins an insurrection.
* Viking chieftain Halfdan the Black becomes king of Agder (modern Norway). He expands his realm through military conquest and political negotiations, dividing the kingdom of Vestfold with his half-brother Olaf.
* Giustiniano Participazio, doge of Venice, dies after a 2-year reign, and is succeeded by his younger brother Giovanni Participazio. He continues the work of Giustiniano, in construction of St. Mark's Basilica.

#### Britain

* King Egbert of Wessex invades Mercia, ousts his rival Wiglaf, and attempts to rule directly from Wessex. He is recognized as overlord (bretwalda) of other English kingdoms.
* Winter – Battle of the River Dore: Egbert of Wessex leads his army against the Northumbrians as far as Dore, where he clashes with King Eanred of Northumbria.

#### Egypt

* The Nile River freezes over.

#### China

* The Bai kingdom of Nanzhao captures the city of Chengdu, in Sichuan Province.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Ansgar, Frankish abbot of Corvey (modern Westphalia), is appointed missionary to Sweden by Louis the Pious, at the request of the Swedish king Björn at Haugi.
* The city of Wiesbaden (Germany) is first mentioned by Einhard, biographer of former emperor Charlemagne (approximate date).

## Births

* September 8 – Ali al-Hadi, 10th Shia Imam (approximate date)
* Al-Nasa'i, Muslim scholar and hadith compiler (approximate date)
* Lu Yan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 874)
* Yahya I, Muslim sultan (d. 864)

## Deaths

* June 1 – Li Tongjie, general of the Tang dynasty
* July 30 – Shi Xiancheng, general of the Tang dynasty
* October 2 – Michael II, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (b. 770)
* Abu al-Razi Muhammad, Muslim governor
* Cináed mac Mugróin, king of Uí Failghe
* Cui Zhi, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 772)
* Giustiniano Participazio, doge of Venice
* Leibulf of Provence, Frankish nobleman
* Li Yi, Chinese poet (or 827)
* Li You, general of the Tang dynasty
* Muiredach mac Ruadrach, king of Leinster
* 'Umayr ibn al-Walid, Muslim governor
* Wei Chuhou, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 773)
* Zheng Yin, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 752)
# 857

Year 857 (DCCCLVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* Emperor Michael III, under the influence of his uncle Bardas, banishes his mother Theodora to the Gastria Monastery. Bardas, the de facto regent, becomes the most powerful person in the Byzantine Empire.

#### Europe

* November – Erispoe, ruler (duke) of Brittany, is assassinated by his cousin Salomon and followers, in the church at Talensac. King Charles the Bald acknowledges Salomon as the rightful 'king' of Brittany.
* A Danish Viking fleet raids the cities of Dorestad, Paris and Orléans. Others sail up the Oise River, ravaging Beauvais and the abbey of Saint-Germer-de-Fly (approximate date).
* Viking chieftain Rorik, with the agreement of King Lothair II, leaves Dorestad with a fleet and forces his rival Horik II to recognise him as ruler over Denmark (approximate date).

### By topic
#### Medicine

* The first recorded major outbreak of ergotism kills thousands of people in the Rhine Valley. They have eaten bread made from rye infected with the ergot fungus parasite Claviceps purpurea (approximate date).

## Births

* Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn, Korean philosopher and poet
* Li Cunjin, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 922)

## Deaths

* March 11 – Eulogius, Spanish priest and martyr
* Dae Ijin, king of Balhae (Korea)
* Erispoe, king (duke) of Brittany
* Harith al-Muhasibi, Muslim teacher (b. 781)
* Hilderic of Farfa, Frankish abbot
* Kim Yang, viceroy of Silla (Korea) (b. 808)
* Yuhanna ibn Masawaiyh, Assyrian physician
* Matudán mac Muiredaig, king of Ulaid (Ireland)
* Ma Zhi, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
* Munseong, king of Silla (Korea)
* Roderick, Spanish priest and saint
* Wang Shaoding, Chinese governor (jiedushi)
* Yahya ibn Aktham, Muslim jurist
* Zheng Lang, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
* Ziryab, Muslim poet and musician (b. 789)
# Bangarapet Junction railway station

Bangarapet Junction railway station, also known as Bangarapete Junction railway station (station code:BWT) is a double-line electrified railway station which is located in the heart of the city. It is one of the important railway stations in the Chennai Central–Bangalore City line where many people board and de-board for many purposes.
Some of the major routes that cross this station are MGR Chennai Central, New Tinsukia Jn in the Northeast part of India, Howrah Jn, and many more. Some of the popular trains crossing this station and traveling towards Bengaluru are Lalbagh SF Express (12607/12608), Brindavan Express (12639/12640) and Chennai–Bangalore Double Decker Express (22625/22626) and many more.

## History

Madras Cantonment to Jolarpettai as a branch on the newly constructed Chennai–Beypur line in 1864. The station was then known by the name as Kolar Road for its proximity to the Kolar Gold fields and later christened as Bowringpet, the name of a District collector of the British of the area. Bangalore Mail started running around the same period, the exact date not being very clear.
The 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) wide narrow-gauge line between Bowringpet (later Bangarapet) and Kolar was opened in 1913 by Mysore State Railway. The narrow-gauge Yeshvantapur–Devanhalli–Chikballapur line was opened in 1915, Extension of NG Line from Kolar to Chickballapur via Sidlaghatta, Chintamani, Srinivasapura under Yelahanka-Bangarpet section narrow-gauge line in 1916 and final extension of NG Line from Yeshwantpur-Bangalore in 1918. Gauge conversion of the Bangarpet–Kolar line was completed and opened for traffic in 1997 and since then it has been serviced by a railbus. Gauge conversion of Yelankha–Chickballapur was completed and opened for traffic in 2004. Then, gauge conversion of Chickballapur–Kolar was completed and opened for traffic in November 2013, thus connecting the entire network into an Yelankha–Bangarpet broad-gauge line.
The 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge Bangarpet–Marikuppam line opened in 1894.

## Electrification

The Mulanur–Bangarpet–Bangalore City sector was electrified in 1991–92.

## Amenities

The Bangarapet railway station has a subscriber trunk dialing booth, computerized reservation counter, waiting room, vegetarian refreshment stall, tea stall and book stall.
# 831

Year 831 (DCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Abbasid Empire and Byzantine Empire

* Byzantine–Arab War: Emperor Theophilos invades the Abbasid dominions, and reaches the Euphrates River in north-eastern Syria. He captures and sacks the city of Tarsus, but is defeated in Cappadocia.
* Summer – Muslim Arabs under Caliph Al-Ma'mun launch an invasion into Anatolia (modern Turkey), and capture a number of Byzantine forts. Heraclea Cybistra and Tyana fall to the Arabs.
* Fall – Muslim Arabs reinvade Sicily, and lay siege to Palermo. Symeon, Byzantine commander of the imperial bodyguard (spatharios), surrenders the city in exchange for a safe departure.

#### Europe

* Emperor Louis the Pious is reinstated as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire. He promises his sons Pepin I and Louis the German a greater share of the inheritance. His eldest son Lothair I is pardoned, but disgraced and banished to Italy.
* February – Empress Judith stands trial to "undergo the judgment of the Franks" for an assembly arranged by Louis the Pious, and is exonerated.
* Omurtag, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, dies after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his youngest son Malamir, because his older brother Enravota favours Christianity.
* Nominoe, duke of Brittany, is designated missus imperatoris (imperial emissary) by Louis the Pious, at Ingelheim (modern Germany).

#### China

* An Uyghur Turk sues the son of a Chinese general, who had failed to repay a debt of 11 million government-issued copper coins. Emperor Wenzong hears the news, and is so upset that he not only banishes the general, but attempts to ban all trade between Chinese and foreigners except for goods and livestock. This ban is unsuccessful, and trade with foreigners resumes, especially in maritime affairs overseas.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Summer – Ansgar, Frankish missionary, founds the first church at Birka (modern Sweden).
* Ansgar is consecrated; he travels to Rome to receive the pallium from Pope Gregory IV.

## Births

* Wang Chucun, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 895)

## Deaths

* July 10 – Zubaidah bint Ja`far, Abbasid princess, wife of caliph Harun al-Rashid, mother of al-Amin.
* December 26 – Euthymius of Sardis, Byzantine monk and bishop
* Omurtag, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire
* Sadyrnfyw, Welsh bishop (approximate date)
* Yuan Zhen, politician of the Tang Dynasty (b. 779)
# The Compleat Angler

The Compleat Angler (the spelling is sometimes modernised to The Complete Angler, though this spelling also occurs in first editions) is a book by Izaak Walton, first published in 1653 by Richard Marriot in London. Walton continued to add to it for a quarter of a century. It is a celebration of the art and spirit of fishing in prose and verse.
It was illustrated by Arthur Rackham in 1931.

## Background

Walton was born in Stafford and moved to London when he was in his teens in order to learn a trade. The Compleat Angler reflects the author's connections with these two locations, especially on the River Dove, central England, that forms the border between Staffordshire and Derbyshire in the Peak District. The book was dedicated to John Offley of Madeley, Staffordshire, and there are references in it to fishing in the English Midlands. However, the work begins with Londoners making a fishing trip up the Lea Valley in Hertfordshire, starting at Tottenham.
Walton was not sympathetic to the Puritan regime of the 1650s and the work has been seen as a reaction to the turbulence of the English Civil War and its aftermath; "the disorder of the present times received muted comment in the work's scenes of harmony", is the view of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. "Study to be Quiet" was one of Walton's favourite mottos.

### Sources

Walton's sources included earlier publications on the subject of fishing, such as the Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle included in the Book of Saint Albans. Six verses were quoted from John Dennys's 1613 work The Secrets of Angling.

## Editions

The Compleat Angler was first published by the bookseller Richard Marriot, whose business was based in Fleet Street near where Walton had a shop. Walton was a friend of Marriot's father John, who had started the business, but was in retirement by the time the book appeared. The book was printed by Thomas Maxey of Paul's Wharf.
The first edition featured dialogue between veteran angler Piscator and student Viator, while later editions change Viator to hunter Venator and added falconer Auceps.
There were a number of editions during the author's lifetime. There was a second edition in 1655, a third in 1661 (identical with that of 1664), a fourth in 1668, and a fifth in 1676. In this last edition, the thirteen chapters of the original had grown to twenty-one, and a second part was added by his friend and brother angler Charles Cotton, who took up Venator where Walton had left him and completed his instruction in fly fishing and the making of flies.

## Illustrations

Starting with the first edition, which had anonymous illustrations, the work has inspired artists, for example Arthur Rackham (1931).
# 599

Year 599 (DXCIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 599 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* Emperor Maurice refuses to pay ransom for 12,000 Byzantine soldiers taken prisoner by the Avars. Their leader Bayan I orders the execution of the prisoners, and slaughters them all. His failure to buy back the captives destroys Maurice's popularity with the Byzantine troops in the Balkan Peninsula.
* Summer – Balkan Campaign: The Byzantine generals Priscus and Comentiolus join their forces at Singidunum (modern Belgrade), and move downstream to the fortress city of Viminacium (Serbia). The Byzantines cross the Danube River and invade Upper Moesia, where they defeat the Avars in open battle.
* Priscus pursues the fleeing Avar tribes and invades their homeland in Pannonia. He devastates the land east of the Tisza River, deciding the war for the Byzantines and ending the Avar and Slavic incursions across the Danube.
* Autumn – Comentiolus reopens the Gate of Trajan pass, near Ihtiman (Bulgaria). This strategic mountain pass, whose fortress "Stipon" defends the border between the provinces Thrace and Macedonia, is not used for decades.

#### Europe

* Callinicus, governor (exarch) of Ravenna, repulses attacks of the South Slavs in Istria (Croatia). The region is pillaged, but the Byzantines drive them all out.
* Callinicus breaks the truce by kidnapping the Lombard daughter of King Agilulf, beginning a war with the Exarchate of Ravenna (approximate date).

#### Britain

* Rædwald becomes king (bretwalda) of East Anglia (East of England), under the overlordship of Æthelberht of Kent (according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle).

#### Persia

* King Khosrau II sends a Persian expedition to South Arabia and conquers Yemen. He establishes a military base to control the sea trade with the East (approximate date).

#### Asia

* Tardu declares himself to be ruler (khagan) of the united Turkic Khaganate (east and west). His new status is not recognised widely in the empire.
* Beop becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Baekje.

#### Mesoamerica

* The Maya city of Palenque (southern Mexico) is plundered by King Scroll Serpent of Calakmul (approximate date).

### By topic
#### Religion

* Venantius Fortunatus, Latin poet and hymnodist in the Merovingian court, is appointed bishop of Poitiers.

## Births

* January 23 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d. 649)

## Deaths

* Anastasius I, patriarch of Antioch
* Hye, king of Baekje (Korea)
* Taliesin, Brythonic poet (approximate date)
* Tulan Qaghan, ruler (khagan) of the Göktürks
# 588

Year 588 (DLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 588 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* Byzantine-Sassanid War: Unpaid Byzantine troops mutiny against Priscus (magister militum per Orientem). King Hormizd IV begins a Persian offensive, but is defeated at Martyropolis (modern Turkey).
* Summer – Guaram I of Iberia, Georgian prince in exile, is sent by Emperor Maurice to the city of Mtskheta (Georgia). He restores the monarchy and is bestowed with the Byzantine court title of curopalates.

#### Europe

* The Franks and Burgundians under King Guntram and his nephew Childebert II invade Northern Italy, but suffer a disastrous defeat against the Lombards.
* The Lombard Kingdom (Italy) is converted to Roman Catholicism under the rule of King Authari (approximate date).

#### Britain

* Æthelric succeeds his father Ælla as king of Deira in Northern England (according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle).

#### Persia

* First Perso-Turkic War: A Persian army (12,000 men) under Bahrām Chobin, supported by Cataphracts (heavy cavalry), ambush the invading Turks, and win a great victory at the Battle of the Hyrcanian Rock.

#### Asia

* Emperor Wéndi of the Sui dynasty prepares a campaign against the Chen dynasty. He amasses 518,000 troops along the northern bank of the Yangtze River, stretching from Sichuan to the Pacific Ocean.

### By topic
#### Religion

* The Skellig Michael monastery is founded on a steep rocky island off the coast of Ireland (approximate date).
* The Guanghua Temple in Putian (China) is built during the Chen dynasty, under Emperor Chen Wu Di.

## Births

* Eligius, bishop and saint (approximate date)
* Suintila, king of the Visigoths (approximate date)
* Yu Zhining, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 665)

## Deaths

* Áed mac Bricc, Irish bishop and saint
* Ælla, king of Deira (approximate date)
* Agericus, bishop of Verdun
* Fridianus, Irish prince and saint
* Li Ezi, empress of Northern Zhou (b. 536)
* Monulph, bishop of Maastricht