OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Just and Unjust Wars

Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations is a 1977 book by the philosopher Michael Walzer. Published by Basic Books, it is still in print, now as part of the Basic Books Classics Series. A second edition was published in 1992, a third edition in 2000, a fourth edition in 2006, and a fifth edition in 2015. The book resulted from Walzer's reflections on the Vietnam War.

## Summary

Walzer draws on medieval Just War theory to explore the reasons that can justify war jus ad bellum and the ethical limits on the conduct of war jus in bello in an attempt to work out a modern, secular theory of just war.
Walzer precises that in war not all action is equal, a just war exists and must be implemented through a strict display of rules.

## Reception

Just and Unjust Wars has, together with Spheres of Justice (1983) and Interpretation and Social Criticism (1987), been identified as one of Walzer's most important works by the philosopher Will Kymlicka in The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (2005). The work is considered a standard in the philosophical literature on the ethics of warfare, with the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy calling Just and Unjust Wars "extraordinarily influential" and "the major contemporary statement of just war theory."
The book has been translated to French by Simone Chambon and Anne Wicke and published in the collection of Claude Lefort in Belin.
# Epidesma trita

Epidesma trita is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1911. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
# The Bonfire of the Vanities: The Opera

The Bonfire of the Vanities: The Opera is an opera by the American composer Stefania de Kenessey and American librettist Michael Bergmann. The story is about ambitions and tensions in New York City in the 1980s and is based on the novel The Bonfire of the Vanities by Tom Wolfe. Kenessey said she wanted to make an opera in the vein of Carmen, depicting the urban upper classes in an operatic and satirical way.
Directed by Bergmann, the opera was first performed on El Museo del Barrio's El Teatro stage in New York City on October 9 and 10, 2015. The production starred Randal Turner, Kevin Maynor, Anne-Carolyn Bird, Yingjie Zhou and Adrienne Danrich.
James Jorden of The New York Observer wrote that the libretto suffers from including too many details from the novel. Jorden described the music as "tuneful and grateful to the voice" but wrote that it consists of "a series of short musical theater ditties", resulting in "neither art music nor compelling pop".
# Hiroko Takahashi

Hiroko Takahashi may refer to:
* Hiroko Takahashi (cross-country skier) (高橋 弘子, born 1942), Japanese cross-country skier
* Hiroko Takahashi (高橋 裕子, born 1979), better known as Ao Takahashi, Japanese voice actress
* Hiroko Takahashi (高橋 浩子, 1969–2013), better known as Kaoru Shimamura, Japanese voice actress
* Hiroko Takahashi (artist), Japanese textile artist
# Bitter end

Bitter end or The Bitter End may refer to:
* Bitter end, the part of a rope used to form a knot
* The Bitter End, a nightclub in New York City

## Geography

* Bitter End, Tennessee
* Bitter End, Virgin Gorda

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Literature

* To the Bitter End, the English translation of Bis zum bitteren Ende, the first-hand account of the German resistance by Hans Bernd Gisevius
* Bitter End (novella), a 1940 Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout
* "The Bitter End" (short story), an alternative history mystery story by Randall Garrett

### Music
#### Albums

* The Bitter End (Red Flag album), 2002
* The Bitter End (Right Away, Great Captain album)

#### Songs

* "Bitter End" (song), by Nine Black Alps
* "Bitter End", by Rag'n'Bone Man
* "A Bitter End", by Deryl Dodd
* "The Bitter End" (song), by Placebo
* "The Bitter End", by Stone Sour from Audio Secrecy
* "The Bitter End", by Sum 41 from Chuck

### Television episodes

* "Bitter End" (Pole to Pole with Michael Palin), 1992
* "The Bitter End" (Blue Bloods), 2013
# London Boy Singers

The London Boy Singers were an English boys' choir which formed in 1961. It initially drew its members from the Finchley Children's Music Group. The choir was started at the suggestion of Benjamin Britten, who was its first president.
In the beginning the choir was run by a group of three adults: John Andrewes, who also led the Finchley Children's Music Group, Rosamund Strode, a musician, singer and later assistant to Britten, and Jonathan Steele, deputy to George Malcolm at Westminster Cathedral. Steele became the conductor and leader of the London Boy Singers.
The choir sang at the Aldeburgh Festival on a number of occasions. It sang in Westminster Abbey in the first London performance of Britten's War Requiem in 1962. The group performed at the Royal Albert Hall in 1964 and 1974.
In an attempt to widen the social and geographical mix of the choir, a subsidiary choir was established in Bethnal Green in 1964 but this was eventually merged with the Finchley choir.
Many of its singers took part in other events, including performing at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden and on tour with them to Manchester and to Lisbon in Portugal, including Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream and the premiere of Aston's ballet 'The Dream', both in 1964), Covent Garden, the English Opera Group (including a tour of the USSR in 1964) and many individual operas and other engagements. The choir also sang at the Aldeburgh Festival, gave a concert to the choristers at King's College Cambridge and broadcast A Ceremony of Carols on BBC television (1965). Members of the choir also performed as street urchins in a BBC television production of "La Boheme" (1966).
The choir recorded a collection of Christmas Music ('Christmas Music for Boys Voices')for HMV in the Abbey Road Studios, released in 1965. It also recorded 'The happy wanderer' for RCA Victor, and two Christmas songs with the Music Academy (London Jazz Quartet) for CBS which featured on Juke Box Jury. In 1969, the choir toured in Germany and the Netherlands and, in 1971, returned to Germany and also Denmark.
Britten wrote 12 Apostles: Choral Octavo and The Bitter Withy for the choir and his arrangement of King Herod and the Cock was dedicated to it. In 1966, Britten severed his relationship with the group. Jonathan Steele remained its director until the choir folded in the mid 1970s.
Its last known performance was the theme song from the foreign television series Barbapapa in 1974 alongside Ed Stewart, the theme song was heard in the English-dubbed version of the series that was produced for BBC Television in January 1975 until its run ended in 1978.
# Harald Sohlberg

Harald Oskar Sohlberg (29 November 1869 – 19 June 1935) was a Norwegian Neo-romantic painter.

## Biography

Sohlberg attended the Royal School of Art and Design of Christiania. He later trained under the graphic artist and painter Johan Nordhagen. Sohlberg attended the art school of Kristian Zahrtmann. He also studied as a pupil of Erik Werenskiold, Eilif Peterssen and Harriet Backer.
He is particularly known for his depictions of the Rondane mountains and the town of Røros. Perhaps his most widely recognized paintings, in several variations, is Winter's Night in Rondane, presently featured at the National Gallery (Nasjonalgalleriet).

## Cultural references

His painting Fisherman's Cottage was used as the cover of a book by John Burnside, Scottish writer, called A Summer of Drowning; Sohlberg is mentioned prominently throughout the novel, and one of the sections of this book is called "The Fisherman's House" in obvious homage to the painting.
Another painting, Flower Meadow of the North, was used as the cover of the book Morning Poems by Robert Bly.

## Selected works

* Natteglød (1893) Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo.
* Sommernatt (1899) Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo.
* Vinternatt i fjelene (1901) Hilmar Rekstens Samlinger, Bergen
* Fra Røros (1902) Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo.
* Natt (1904) Trondheim Kunstmuseum, Trondheim
* En blomstereng nordpå (1906) Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo.
* Eken (1908) Drammen Kunstmuseum
* Vinternatt i Rondane (1911–14) Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo.

## Gallery

* Harald Sohlberg's works
* Fisherman's cottage, 1907
* Summer Night, 1899
* Flower Meadow in the North, 1905
* Vinternatt i Fellene III (Winter's Night in the Mountains III)
* Storgaten Røros (Røros main street) from 1903
* Natt (Night) from 1904
* Sara vokter hjorden (Sara guarding the flock) c. 1910
* Oslo fra Akershus (Oslo from Akershus) c. 1900
# Əxşam

40°44′19″N 47°09′46″E﻿ / ﻿40.73861°N 47.16278°E﻿ / 40.73861; 47.16278
Əxşam (also, Akhsham and Ekhshem) is a village in the Yevlakh Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Havarlı.
# Vijay Kamulkar

Vijay Maruti Kamulkar (unknown – 14 March 2010) was an Indian politician. He was a former member of the Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly, representing the Mandrem Assembly constituency from 1963 to 1967. Kamulkar was affiliated with the Shiv Sena.

## Early life

Vijay Maruti Kamulkar was born in Pernem, Goa, Portuguese India during the Portuguese Empire (now part of India). He belonged to the Bahujan Samaj community and owned a tea stall.

## Career

Kamulkar first contested the 1963 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election from the Mandrem Assembly constituency on the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP) ticket and emerged victorious by defeating two feudal doyens, Raghunathrao Deshprabhu and Vaikunthrao Dempo, with a majority of 6,663 votes. He served for four years from 1963 to 1967.
During his tenure, Kamulkar raised concerns in debates regarding the economically backward class school students. He then unsuccessfully contested the 1967 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election as an independent politician from the same constituency. Kamulkar lost to (MGP) candidate, Anthony D'Souza, by a margin of 6,885 votes.
In 1971, Kamulkar left the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party to contest the 1972 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election from the Mandrem Assembly constituency on the Indian National Congress ticket. However, he lost to his former party leader, Dayanand Bandodkar, by a margin of 6,248 votes.
After suffering significant defeats in past elections from the Mandrem Assembly constituency, Kamulkar chose not to contest in the following three elections. In the 1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election, Kamulkar left the Indian National Congress to join the Shiv Sena, and subsequently contested unsuccessfully from the Pernem Assembly constituency. He was defeated by the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP) candidate, Shankar Kashinath Salgaonkar, by a margin of 6,932 votes.
After suffering his biggest defeat in his political career from the Pernem Assembly constituency, Kamulkar did not contest any subsequent elections. All of his defeats came at the hands of candidates from his former party, the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. He maintained a low profile and avoided publicity.

## Death

Kamulkar died on 14 March 2010. On 22 March 2010, the Goa Legislative Assembly made an obituary reference to his honor.

## In the media

On 22 August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Kamulkar's family celebrated Ganesh Chaturthi with the help of a smartphone, following the government's instructions to practice social distancing and avoid gathering in large numbers.

## Positions held

* Chairman of Public Accounts Committee
# Vasudev Morajkar

Vasudev Datta Morajkar (born 15 September 1925) is an Indian politician and social worker from Goa. He is a former member of the Goa Legislative Assembly, representing the Sanguem Assembly constituency from 1967 to 1977. He was a member of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party.

## Positions held

* Councillor of Sanguem Municipality for 5 years
* Panel of Chairman 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70
* Member of the Committee on Petitions 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71 and 1971–72
* Member of the Committee on Delegated Legislation 1969–70
* Member of the Committee on Petitions 1970–71
# Allium rothii

Allium rothii Zucc is a plant species found in Israel, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Jordan. It is a perennial with umbel-shaped flowers that forms bulbs. Stamens and ovaries are noticeably deep purple, and the tepals are white with deep purple midveins.. This name is reported by Amaryllidaceae as an accepted name in the genus Allium (family Amaryllidaceae)."[Pictures taken by]": Gideon Pisanty "[can be found here]" Gideon "Gidi" Pisanty is a photographer and researcher from Israel.
The record derives from WCSP (data supplied on 2023-11-24) which reports it as an accepted name
# Alfons Hörmann

Alfons Hörmann (born 6 September 1960) is a German businessman and sports official. Since 7 December 2013, he has been the President of the Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund. He had previously served as president of the German Ski Association from 2005 to 2013.

## Business career

Hörmann began his career in the building materials fabrication industry in 1977. From 1990 to 1998, he was the director of the marketing and sales department at the German company Creaton [de; fr]. He became its CEO in 1998 and remained in that position until 2010. From 2011 to 2016, was the managing director of Hörmann Industries [de] and was a member of Funkwerk AG [de]'s supervisory.
From January 2018 to April 2020, Hörmann was the CEO of the Schöck Group [de].

## Sports officialdom

In 2010, Hörmann joined the Council of the International Ski Federation. He was elected as president of the Bavarian Ski Association in 2002, German Ski Association in 2005, and then of the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) in 2013 to replace Thomas Bach. Hörmann's election to the presidency of the DOSB led to the owner of Hörmann Industries, Hans Hörmann, firing Alfons and Alfons offering to resign from the presidency.
Amid concerns of a lack of trust and confidence in Hörmann's leadership and the DOSB during the COVID-19 pandemic, Hörmann resigned the presidency of the DOSB in June 2021 ahead of a vote of confidence.
In July 2021, during the 2020 Tokyo Games, German cyclist coach Patrick Moster made a racist remark on film about North African cyclists for which he was sent back to Germany. Moster issued a public apology, and Hörmann commented on it to say that he believed that the apology was sincere. Hörmann was also criticized because of this event for the working environment of the DOSB as a result.

## Controversies

In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, 14-year-old Olympian Quan Hongchan, representing China won the gold medal in Diving. German Olympic Committee Chairman Alfons Homancun criticized the Chinese diver and said: “I don’t want to know that this Chinese girl was three, five, or eight years ago. What’s your daily life like. But I think that if you have to consider this training method, I must be critical of it.” Homan added: “This method of continuously lowering the age of the contestants is meaningless and ineffective. responsible.” This has raised huge criticism in China, some netizens criticized that the German Olympic delegation had set the worst performance at the Tokyo Olympics. While some slammed Alfons Homancun for his double standards, as German athlete Lilly Stoephasius, also aged 14, competed in skateboarding at the Tokyo Olympics games as well.

## Personal life

Hörmann is married and has three children.
# Brenzikofen railway station

Brenzikofen railway station (German: Bahnhof Brenzikofen) is a railway station in the municipality of Brenzikofen, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is located on the standard gauge Burgdorf–Thun line of BLS AG. This station is served as a request stop by local trains only.

## Services

As of the December 2024 timetable change, the following services stop at Brenzikofen:
* Bern S-Bahn S21 / S42: two per hour between Thun and Konolfingen, with every other train continuing from Konolfingen to Hasle-Rüegsau.
# Robert W. Brooks

Robert Wolfe Brooks (Washington, D.C., September 16, 1952 – Montreal, September 5, 2002) was a mathematician known for his work in spectral geometry, Riemann surfaces, circle packings, and differential geometry.
He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1977; his thesis, The smooth cohomology of groups of diffeomorphisms, was written under the supervision of Raoul Bott. He worked at the University of Maryland (1979–1984), then at the University of Southern California, and then, from 1995, at the Technion in Haifa.

## Work

In an influential paper (Brooks 1981), Brooks proved that the bounded cohomology of a topological space is isomorphic to the bounded cohomology of its fundamental group.

## Honors

* Alfred P. Sloan fellowship
* Guastella fellowship

## Selected publications

* Brooks, Robert (1981). "Some remarks on bounded cohomology". Riemann surfaces and related topics: Proceedings of the 1978 Stony Brook Conference (State Univ. New York, Stony Brook, N.Y., 1978). Ann. of Math. Stud. Vol. 97. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press. pp. 53–63. MR 0624804.
* Brooks, Robert (1981). "A relation between growth and the spectrum of the Laplacian". Mathematische Zeitschrift. 178 (4): 501–508. doi:10.1007/BF01174771. MR 0638814. S2CID 122114581.
* Brooks, Robert (1981). "The fundamental group and the spectrum of the Laplacian". Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici. 56 (4): 581–598. doi:10.1007/BF02566228. MR 0656213. S2CID 121175762.
* Brooks, Robert (1988). "Constructing isospectral manifolds". American Mathematical Monthly. 95 (9): 823–839. doi:10.1080/00029890.1988.11972094. MR 0967343.
       Reviewer Maung Min-Oo for MathSciNet wrote: "This is a well written survey article on the construction of isospectral manifolds which are not isometric with emphasis on hyperbolic Riemann surfaces of constant negative curvature."
* Brooks, Robert, "Form in Topology", The Magicians of Form, ed. by Robert M. Weiss. Laurelhurst Publications, 2003.
# Polymnia Saregkou

Polymnia Saregkou (alternate spellings: Polimnia, Saregou; born 11 May 1972) is a Greek former basketball player who competed with the senior Greek women's national team at the 2004 Athens Summer Olympics.
# Janne Juutinen

Janne Juutinen (born February 15, 1994) is a Finnish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with HIFK in the Finnish Liiga.
Juutinen made his Liiga debut playing with HIFK during the 2013–14 Liiga season.
# Pio Tuwai

Pio Tuwai is a Fiji rugby union player. He currently plays for the Fiji sevens team.
Tuwai played for the Sri Lankan Army in 2014. He returned to the Fiji sevens team in 2015 and played at the Hong Kong Sevens.
# Steve Sedgley

Stephen Philip Sedgley (born 26 May 1968) is an English former professional footballer, and football manager.
As a player, he was a midfielder and a defender. He was capped 11 times for England at under-21 level. who made more than 450 appearances in the Football League and Premier League for Coventry City, Tottenham Hotspur, Ipswich Town and Wolverhampton Wanderers. He became manager of Kingstonian in 2001, and later joined the coaching staff of Luton Town.

## Playing career

Sedgley was born in Enfield. He made more than 180 first-team appearances for Tottenham Hotspur as a player after a £750,000 move from Coventry City in July 1989 before switching to Ipswich Town for £1 million in June 1994. More than 100 appearances followed for Ipswich before the final move of his playing career, a £500,000 transfer to Wolverhampton Wanderers in July 1997, where he again made more than 100 league appearances before retiring from the game in December 2000. He has two FA Cup-winners' medals. The first came with Coventry, as an unused substitute in the 3–2 defeat of Spurs in the 1987 final. He received his second in 1991 when he was in the starting XI for Spurs, as they beat Nottingham Forest 2–1 after extra time.

## Coaching career

Sedgley was appointed manager of Kingstonian in October 2001, stepping up from the position of coach, but resigned 14 months later, citing "a clash of opinions off the pitch with the club's owners". A UEFA-qualified coach, Sedgley was appointed as a youth team coach at Luton Town in mid-October 2005 where he worked alongside Marvin Johnson until new manager Kevin Blackwell brought in his own backroom staff in 2007.

## Honours

Coventry City
* FA Cup: 1987
Tottenham Hotspur
* FA Cup: 1991
* FA Charity Shield: 1991 (Shared)
# Ziguinchor region

Ziguinchor is a region of Senegal (regional capitals have the same name as their respective regions). The region is also referred to historically and popularly as Basse Casamance.

## Departments

Ziguinchor region is divided into 3 departments:
* Bignona département
* Oussouye département
* Ziguinchor département
# John G. Witherspoon

John Gordon Witherspoon, Sr. (August 26, 1939 – January 4, 1994) was a distinguished sailor in the United States Coast Guard. Born in Yadkin Valley, North Carolina and raised in Lenoir, North Carolina, Witherspoon started his military career in the United States Army and later enlisted in the Coast Guard in 1963, where, after promotion to Quartermaster First Class, he was invited to attended Officer training school, and was commissioned an ensign, in 1971. Witherspoon would eventually command three Coast Guard cutters, Mallow, Valiant and Dependable, and rise to the rank of captain. He was only the second individual of African-American descent to command a cutter, and was the first individual of African-American descent to command a Coast Guard base.
Witherspoon died on January 4, 1994, in New Orleans, Louisiana and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Legacy

In 1994 the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), named Witherspoon and a Coast Guard colleague Cynthia M. Morris, as recipients of the Roy Wilkins Renown Service Award for their achievements in civil rights.
The Coast Guard established an annual award for distinguished leadership named after Witherspoon.
In 2010, Charles "Skip" W. Bowen, who was then the Coast Guard's most senior non-commissioned officer, proposed that all the cutters in the Sentinel class should be named after enlisted sailors in the Coast Guard, or one of its precursor services, who were recognized for their heroism. In 2019 the Coast Guard announced that John Witherspoon would be the namesake of the 58th cutter, USCGC John Witherspoon.
# Longden executive council of Ceylon

The Longden executive council was 10th executive council of British Ceylon. The government was led by Governor James Robert Longden.

## Executive council members

| Member of Council | Office | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| James Robert Longden | Governor | 4 September 1877 | 10 July 1883 | |
| Arthur Birch | Colonial Secretary | 4 September 1877 | 1878 | Replaced by John Douglas |
| John Douglas | Colonial Secretary | 18 August 1878 | 10 July 1883 | |
| Major general John Alfred Street | Commander of Troops | 4 September 1877 | ? | Replaced by William Wilby |
| Major general William Wilby | Commander of Troops | 1879 | 10 July 1883 | |
| Richard Cayley | Attorney General as Queen's Advocate | 4 September 1877 | 1879 | Replaced by Bruce Burnside |
| Bruce Burnside | Attorney General as Queen's Advocate | 24 October 1879 | 1883 | |
| W. H. Ravenscroft | Auditor General | 4 September 1877 | 10 July 1883 | |
| George Vane | Treasurer | 4 September 1877 | 1882 | Replaced by William D. Wright |
| William Dumaresq Wright | Treasurer | 22 June 1882 | 10 July 1883 | |
# Kali the Mother (book)

Kali the Mother (1900) is an English book written by Sister Nivedita. Kali is a popular Hindu goddess who is considered to free her worshippers from fear (anxiety) and all troubles. In this book Nivedita celebrated this Indian goddess Kali.

## Chapters

* Title Page
* Contents
* Concerning Symbols
* The Vision of Siva
* Two Saints of Kali
* The Voice of the Mother
* A Visit to Dukineshwar
* An Intercession
* The Story of Kali for a Western Baby
* Kali the Mother
* Works by the Swâmi Vivekânanda
# Kellogg's Six-Hour Day

Kellogg's Six-Hour Day is a 1996 book by Benjamin Kline Hunnicutt on the implementation and effects of a reduced work week policy at Kellogg's.