# 1906–07 United States Senate elections

The 1906–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1906 and 1907, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
The Republican Party gained three seats in the United States Senate, expanding their majority to more twice that of the opposing Democratic Party. The elections were held alongside the 1906 House of Representatives elections, which saw a significant Democratic gain in contrast to the Senate elections.
In Georgia, the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the 60th Congress on March 4. In Rhode Island, the legislature deadlocked and did not elect a Senator until well into 1908.

## Results summary

Senate party division, 60th Congress (1907–1909)
* Majority party: Republican (60)
* Minority party: Democratic (28)
* Other prties: 0
* Vacancies: 2
* Total seats: 90

## Change in composition
### Before the elections

At the beginning of 1906.
| | | | | | D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ |
| D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ | D$_{10}$ | D$_9$ | D$_8$ | D$_7$ | D$_6$ |
| D$_{16}$ | D$_{17}$ | D$_{18}$ | D$_{19}$ Al. Ran | D$_{20}$ Ar. Ran | D$_{21}$ Co. Retired | D$_{22}$ Ga. Ran | D$_{23}$ Id. Ran | D$_{24}$ Ky. Ran | D$_{25}$ La. Ran |
| R$_{56}$ W.V. Ran | R$_{57}$ Wyo. Ran | D$_{33}$ Va. Ran | D$_{32}$ Tex. Ran | D$_{31}$ Tenn. Ran | D$_{30}$ S.C. Ran | D$_{29}$ Or. Retired | D$_{28}$ N.C. Ran | D$_{27}$ Mont. Retired | D$_{26}$ Miss. Ran |
| R$_{55}$ S.D. Ran | R$_{54}$ R.I. Ran | R$_{53}$ N.J. Ran | R$_{52}$ N.H. Ran | R$_{51}$ Neb. Retired | R$_{50}$ Minn. Ran | R$_{49}$ Mich. Retired | R$_{48}$ Mass. Ran | R$_{47}$ Me. Ran | R$_{46}$ Kan. Ran |
| R$_{46}$ Kan. Ran |||||||||
| R$_{36}$ | R$_{37}$ | R$_{38}$ | R$_{39}$ | R$_{40}$ | R$_{41}$ | R$_{42}$ | R$_{43}$ Del. Retired | R$_{44}$ Ill. Ran | R$_{45}$ Ia. Ran |
| R$_{35}$ | R$_{34}$ | R$_{33}$ | R$_{32}$ | R$_{31}$ | R$_{30}$ | R$_{29}$ | R$_{28}$ | R$_{27}$ | R$_{26}$ |
| R$_{16}$ | R$_{17}$ | R$_{18}$ | R$_{19}$ | R$_{20}$ | R$_{21}$ | R$_{22}$ | R$_{23}$ | R$_{24}$ | R$_{25}$ |
| R$_{15}$ | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ | R$_{10}$ | R$_9$ | R$_8$ | R$_7$ | R$_6$ |
| | | | | | R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ |

### Result of the general elections

| | | | | | D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ |
| D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ | D$_{10}$ | D$_9$ | D$_8$ | D$_7$ | D$_6$ |
| D$_{16}$ | D$_{17}$ | D$_{18}$ | D$_{19}$ Re-elected | D$_{20}$ Re-elected | D$_{21}$ Re-elected | D$_{22}$ Re-elected | D$_{23}$ Re-elected | D$_{24}$ Re-elected | D$_{25}$ Re-elected |
| R$_{56}$ Hold | R$_{57}$ Gain | R$_{58}$ Gain | R$_{59}$ Gain | R$_{60}$ Gain | V$_1$ R.I. R Loss | V$_2$ Ga. D Loss | D$_{28}$ Hold | D$_{27}$ Hold | D$_{26}$ Hold |
| R$_{55}$ Hold | R$_{54}$ Hold | R$_{53}$ Hold | R$_{52}$ Hold | R$_{51}$ Re-elected | R$_{50}$ Re-elected | R$_{49}$ Re-elected | R$_{48}$ Re-elected | R$_{47}$ Re-elected | R$_{46}$ Re-elected |
| Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | R$_{45}$ Re-elected |
| R$_{36}$ | R$_{37}$ | R$_{38}$ | R$_{39}$ | R$_{40}$ | R$_{41}$ | R$_{42}$ | R$_{43}$ Re-elected | R$_{44}$ Re-elected | R$_{45}$ Re-elected |
| R$_{35}$ | R$_{34}$ | R$_{33}$ | R$_{32}$ | R$_{31}$ | R$_{30}$ | R$_{29}$ | R$_{28}$ | R$_{27}$ | R$_{26}$ |
| R$_{16}$ | R$_{17}$ | R$_{18}$ | R$_{19}$ | R$_{20}$ | R$_{21}$ | R$_{22}$ | R$_{23}$ | R$_{24}$ | R$_{25}$ |
| R$_{15}$ | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ | R$_{10}$ | R$_9$ | R$_8$ | R$_7$ | R$_6$ |
| | | | | | R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ |

### Beginning of the next Congress

| | | | | | D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ |
| D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ | D$_{10}$ | D$_9$ | D$_8$ | D$_7$ | D$_6$ |
| D$_{16}$ | D$_{17}$ | D$_{18}$ | D$_{19}$ | D$_{20}$ | D$_{21}$ | D$_{22}$ | D$_{23}$ | D$_{24}$ | D$_{25}$ |
| R$_{56}$ | R$_{57}$ | R$_{58}$ | R$_{59}$ | R$_{60}$ | V$_1$ R.I. | D$_{29}$ Ga. Appointed | D$_{28}$ | D$_{27}$ | D$_{26}$ |
| R$_{55}$ | R$_{54}$ | R$_{53}$ | R$_{52}$ | R$_{51}$ | R$_{50}$ | R$_{49}$ | R$_{48}$ | R$_{47}$ | R$_{46}$ |
| Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | Majority→ | R$_{45}$ |
| R$_{36}$ | R$_{37}$ | R$_{38}$ | R$_{39}$ | R$_{40}$ | R$_{41}$ | R$_{42}$ | R$_{43}$ | R$_{44}$ | R$_{45}$ |
| R$_{35}$ | R$_{34}$ | R$_{33}$ | R$_{32}$ | R$_{31}$ | R$_{30}$ | R$_{29}$ | R$_{28}$ | R$_{27}$ | R$_{26}$ |
| R$_{16}$ | R$_{17}$ | R$_{18}$ | R$_{19}$ | R$_{20}$ | R$_{21}$ | R$_{22}$ | R$_{23}$ | R$_{24}$ | R$_{25}$ |
| R$_{15}$ | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ | R$_{10}$ | R$_9$ | R$_8$ | R$_7$ | R$_6$ |
| | | | | | R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ |
| Key | D$_#$ Democratic R$_#$ Republican V$_#$ Vacant |

## Race summaries
### Elections during the 59th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1906 or in 1907 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Delaware (Class 1) | Vacant | Vacant | Vacant | Legislature had previously failed to elect. New senator elected June 12, 1906. Republican gain. | ▌Y Henry A. du Pont (Republican) 36 ▌J. Edward Addicks (Republican) 2 |
| Kansas (Class 2) | Alfred W. Benson | Republican | 1906 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. | ▌Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 120 ▌Alfred W. Benson (Republican) 19 ▌W. A. Harris (Democratic) 11 ▌Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 1 |
| Oregon (Class 2) | John M. Gearin | Democratic | 1905 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired January 22, 1907, when successor elected. New senator elected January 22, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections. Republican gain. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. | ▌Y Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) UnopposedIn state election: ▌Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) 74.85% ▌J. D. Stevens (Socialist) 15.17% ▌Hiram Gould (Prohibition) 9.99% |
| Michigan (Class 2) | Russell A. Alger | Republican | 1902 (appointed) 1903 (special) | Incumbent died January 24, 1907. New senator elected February 5, 1907. Republican hold. Winner had already been elected to the next term; see below. | ▌Y William A. Smith (Republican) [data missing] |
In this election, the winner was seated March 4, 1909, in the 61st Congress.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Alabama (Class 3) | Edmund Pettus | Democratic | 1903 | Incumbent re-elected early January 22, 1907, for the term beginning March 4, 1909. Winner died July 27, 1907, and a new senator was elected early August 6, 1907. | July 27, 1907: ▌Y Edmund Pettus (Democratic) Unopposed August 6, 1907: ▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed |

### Elections leading to the 60th Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1907; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Alabama | John T. Morgan | Democratic | 1876 1882 1888 1894 1900 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. Winner died June 11, 1907, and a new senator was appointed June 17. Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907. | January 22, 1907: ▌Y John T. Morgan (Democratic) Unopposed July 16, 1907: ▌Y John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Arkansas | James H. Berry | Democratic | 1885 (special) 1889 1895 1901 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected January 29, 1907. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Jeff Davis (Democratic) ▌John L. Worthington (Republican) 5 |
| Colorado | Thomas Patterson | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican gain. | ▌Y Simon Guggenheim (Republican) 68 ▌Charles Thomas (Democratic) 27 ▌Frank C. Goudy (Republican) 4 |
| Delaware | J. Frank Allee | Republican | 1903 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican hold. | ▌Y Harry A. Richardson (Republican) 36 ▌Willard Saulsbury Jr. (Democratic) 15 |
| Georgia | Augustus O. Bacon | Democratic | 1894 1900 | Incumbent ran, but legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was appointed to start the term and was later elected to finish the term; see below. | ▌Augustus O. Bacon (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Idaho | Fred Dubois | Democratic | 1890 1897 (lost) 1901 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1907. Republican gain. | ▌Y William Borah (Republican) 50 ▌Fred Dubois (Democratic) 18 |
| Illinois | Shelby M. Cullom | Republican | 1882 1888 1894 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. | ▌Y Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) 132 ▌Carroll C. Boggs (Democratic) 68 ▌Daniel R. Sheen (Prohibition) 3 |
| Iowa | Jonathan Dolliver | Republican | 1900 (appointed) 1901 (appointed) 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1907. | ▌Y Jonathan Dolliver (Republican) 110 ▌Claude Porter (Democratic) 45 |
| Kansas | Alfred W. Benson | Republican | 1906 (appointed) | Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected January 22, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term; see above. | ▌Y Charles Curtis (Republican) 122 ▌William A. Harris (Democratic) 32 ▌Joseph L. Bristow (Republican) 1 |
| Kentucky | J. C. S. Blackburn | Democratic | 1884 1890 1897 (lost) 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 9, 1906. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Thomas Paynter (Democratic) 101 ▌William Cox (Republican) 30 ▌C. F. Burnan (Republican) 1 |
| Louisiana | Murphy J. Foster | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected early May 18, 1904. | ▌Y Murphy J. Foster (Democratic) 148 Unopposed |
| Maine | William P. Frye | Republican | 1881 (special) 1883 1889 1895 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907. | ▌Y William P. Frye (Republican) 109 ▌William H. Pennell (Democratic) 66 |
| Massachusetts | Winthrop Crane | Republican | 1904 (appointed) 1905 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907. | ▌Y Winthrop M. Crane (Republican) 207 ▌James B. Carroll (Democratic) 48 ▌George Williams (Democratic) 3 ▌Joseph H. O'Neil (Democratic) 1 ▌John A. Sullivan (Democratic) 1 |
| Michigan | Russell A. Alger | Republican | 1902 (appointed) 1903 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907. Republican hold. Winner was subsequently elected to finish the current term; see above. | ▌Y William A. Smith (Republican) 123 ▌Charles E. Townsend (Republican) 2 ▌T. E. Barkworth (Democratic) 2 |
| Minnesota | Knute Nelson | Republican | 1895 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. | ▌Y Knute Nelson (Republican) 143 ▌Albert Schaller (Democratic) 27 ▌W. J. Dean (Progressive) 3 ▌John O. Johnson (Democratic) 1 ▌Frank A. Day (Democratic) 1 |
| Mississippi | Anselm J. McLaurin | Democratic | 1894 (special) 1900 | Incumbent re-elected early January 19, 1904. | ▌Y Anselm J. McLaurin (Democratic) [data missing] |
| Montana | William Clark | Democratic | 1899 1900 (resigned) 1901 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1907. Republican gain. | ▌Y Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 70 ▌Joseph Toole (Democratic) 17 ▌H. L. Frank (Democratic) 6 ▌W. C. Conrad (Unknown) 2 ▌[FNU] Norris (Democratic) 1 |
| Nebraska | Joseph Millard | Republican | 1901 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 15, 1907. Republican hold. | ▌Y Norris Brown (Republican) 95 ▌William H. Thompson (Democratic) 36 |
| New Hampshire | Henry E. Burnham | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1907. | ▌Y Henry E. Burnham (Republican) 254 ▌Nathan C. Jameson (Democratic) 123 ▌George B. Leighton (Unknown) 1 |
| New Jersey | John F. Dryden | Republican | 1902 (special) | Incumbent withdrew from renomination. New senator elected February 5, 1907. Republican hold. | ▌Y Frank O. Briggs (Republican) 41 ▌James E. Martine (Democratic) 35 ▌John W. Griggs (Republican) 1 ▌Mahlon Pitney (Republican) 1 |
| North Carolina | F. M. Simmons | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. | ▌Y F. M. Simmons (Democratic) 116 ▌Spencer B. Adams (Republican) 3 ▌James J. Britt (Republican) 2 |
| Oregon | John M. Gearin | Democratic | 1905 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 2, 1907, ratifying popular selection made in 1906 state elections. Republican gain. | ▌Y Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Republican) 80 ▌Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 4 ▌Frank A. Moore (Democratic) 2 ▌Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican) 1In state election: ▌Jonathan Bourne Jr. (Republican) 46.25% ▌Robert S. Bean (Democratic) 42.86% ▌A. G. Simola (Socialist) 6.10% ▌B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 4.80% |
| Rhode Island | George P. Wetmore | Republican | 1894 1900 | Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. | ▌George P. Wetmore (Republican) ▌Samuel P. Colt (Republican) ▌Robert H. I. Goddard (Democratic) |
| South Carolina | Benjamin Tillman | Democratic | 1894 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. | ▌Y Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed |
| South Dakota | Robert J. Gamble | Republican | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. | ▌Y Robert J. Gamble (Republican) 100 ▌Andrew E. Lee (Democratic) 17 ▌Thomas Sterling (Independent) 15 |
| Tennessee | Edward W. Carmack | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected January 15, 1907. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Robert L. Taylor (Democratic) 108 ▌Nathan W. Hale (Republican) 26 ▌Asbury Wright (Republican) 1 |
| Texas | Joseph W. Bailey | Democratic | 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. | ▌Y Joseph W. Bailey (Democratic) 108 ▌William L. Cabell (Democratic) 2 ▌Alexander W. Terrell (Democratic) 1 ▌Horace Chilton (Democratic) 1 ▌Thomas M. Campbell (Democratic) 3 ▌John W. Logan (Democratic) 2 ▌James E. Yantis (Democratic) 2 ▌Cecil A. Lyon (Republican) 2 ▌Other Democrats 25 |
| Virginia | Thomas S. Martin | Democratic | 1893 (early) 1899 (early) | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1906. | ▌Y Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) 116 ▌Campbell Slemp (Republican) 17 |
| West Virginia | Stephen B. Elkins | Republican | 1895 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. | ▌Y Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) 101 ▌John J. Cornwell (Democratic) 30 |
| Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | 1890 1893 (lost) 1895 1901 | Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1907. | ▌Y Francis E. Warren (Republican) 64 ▌Colin Hunter (Democratic) 6 |

### Elections during the 60th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1907 after March 4; sorted by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Results | Candidates |
| Wisconsin (Class 3) | John C. Spooner | Republican | 1897 1903 | Incumbent resigned April 30, 1907. New senator elected May 17, 1907. Republican hold. | ▌Y Isaac Stephenson (Republican) 87 ▌G. W. Bird (Democratic) ▌Jacob Rummel (Social Democratic) |
| Georgia (Class 2) | Augustus O. Bacon | Democratic | 1894 1900 1907 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected July 9, 1907. | ▌Y Augustus O. Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Alabama (Class 2) | John H. Bankhead | Democratic | 1907 (appointed) | John T. Morgan (D), having just been re-elected (see above), died June 11, 1907. Interim appointee elected July 16, 1907. | ▌Y John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Alabama (Class 3) | Edmund Pettus | Democratic | 1903 1907 | Incumbent, having just been re-elected, died July 27, 1907. New senator elected August 6, 1907. Democratic hold. | ▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Alabama (Class 3) | Edmund Pettus | Democratic | 1903 1907 | New senator was also elected early August 6, 1907, to the term beginning March 4, 1909. | ▌Y Joseph F. Johnston (Democratic) Unopposed |
| Oklahoma (Class 2) | None (new state) | None (new state) | None (new state) | First senators elected December 10, 1907. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Robert L. Owen (Democratic) 128 votes ▌Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes ▌C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes |
| Oklahoma (Class 3) | None (new state) | None (new state) | None (new state) | First senators elected December 10, 1907. Democratic gain. | ▌Y Thomas Gore (Democratic) 128 votes ▌Clarence B. Douglas (Republican) 22 votes ▌C. B. Jones (Republican) 22 votes |

## Alabama

The two new senators, John H. Bankhead and Joseph F. Johnston, were named "alternate" senators at the state Democratic primary in 1906. The men who would beat them both died so Bankhead and Johnston were elected in their places.

### Class 2
#### Alabama (regular, class 2)

Five-term Democrat John Tyler Morgan was re-elected January 22, 1907.

#### Alabama (special, class 2)

Morgan died June 11, 1907, just three months into his sixth term. Democrat John H. Bankhead was appointed June 18, 1907, to continue the term, pending a July 16, 1907, special election, which he won.

### Class 3
#### Alabama (regular, class 3)

Two-term Democrat Edmund Pettus was re-elected early on January 22, 1907, for the term that would begin in 1909.

#### Alabama (special, class 3)

Pettus died July 27, 1907, even before his new term was supposed to begin. Democrat Joseph F. Johnston was elected August 6, 1907, both to finish the term and to the next term.