OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Utility in Canadian patent law

In Canadian patent law, inventions must be useful, in addition to novel and non-obvious, in order to be patented.

## General principles

Although utility can be demonstrated by commercial success, it only requires that the invention is directed to a practical use and that it does what is indicated in the patent. The mechanism underlying an invention's function does not need to be disclosed in the patent. If a mechanism is proposed in the patent but is subsequently disproven, the patent is not invalidated.
An invention is useful if it does what it promises; following the directions should result in the desired effect. The inventor does not have to have created the product of the invention, but the specifications must disclose an actual way to do so.
A patent is addressed to a person skilled in the art, and any prior art and knowledge that such a person would have can be taken into consideration when the patent is being interpreted by the courts. If a patent's scope is so broad that a person skilled in the art could follow its specifications and not get the useful result, the invention is not useful.
To be valid, a patent's usefulness must be established, whether by demonstration or by sound prediction, at the time of the patent application. Any evidence of utility after this date is irrelevant, regardless of when the patent's validity is challenged. Later proof of an invention's inutility can be used to invalidate a patent.

## Sound prediction

The utility of an invention can be established by sound prediction where “utility can be predicted in advance of complete testing." This is a question of fact, and there are three prongs to the doctrine:
* There must be a factual basis for the prediction.
* The inventor must have an articulable and sound line of reasoning from which the desired result can be inferred from the factual basis.
* There must be proper disclosure.

## Rationale

The grant of a patent gives the inventor a monopoly in the market for its product. This monopoly is granted in exchange for the disclosure of the invention which can be further developed by society. The requirement that the invention is useful ensures that society receives accurate and complete disclosure.
That a patent does not have to be economically useful is justified by the fact that these kinds of discoveries may lay the foundation for more profitable discoveries.
The basis for the doctrine of sound prediction is the expedited disclosure of inventions. By ensuring that these inventions are not speculation or misinformation, the public domain remains uncluttered.
# White Ghost Shivers

White Ghost Shivers is an eclectic American band based in Austin, Texas which claims cabaret, jazz, vaudeville, hokum, western swing, hillbilly, jugband and ragtime as its inspiration. The band has been declared "Best None of the Above" by the Austin Music Awards for 2005 and 2007.

## Band members

* Shorty Stump: vocals, tenor banjo, ukuleles, guitar, mandolin, kazoo, nose flute, tuba, jug
* Cella Blue: vocals, skirt-lifting, slide whistle, various sound effects, mover and shaker
* Smokebreak Slemenda/Detective Stain: vocals, lead guitar
* Hot Thomas/Sleepytime T: vocals, violin, tenor banjo
* Poppiticus/Ma poppitt: string bass, background vocals
* Ten-Penny Brown/Saturn: clarinet, tenor saxophone, jug
* Reese's Pieces/Baby-Faced Finster: stride piano, saw, uke
# Jiggs and Maggie in Jackpot Jitters

Jiggs and Maggie in Jackpot Jitters is a 1949 American comedy film directed by William Beaudine and starring Joe Yule, Renie Riano and George McManus. It was the third of four films in the Jiggs and Maggie film series, spun off from Bringing Up Father (1946). The series follows the adventures of a family of Irish immigrants to the United States.

## Plot

Jiggs and Maggie win a racehorse in a competition, but lose large sums of money on it each time it races.

## Cast

* Joe Yule as Jiggs
* Renie Riano as Maggie
* George McManus as George McManus
* Tim Ryan as Dinty Moore
* Pat Goldin as Dugan
* June Harrison as Nora
* Sam Hayes as Race Announcer
* Joe Hernandez as Race Announcer
* Jimmy Aubrey as McGurk
* Leon Belasco as Gambler
* Willie Best as Willie
* Betty Blythe as Mrs. Van Belden
* Chester Conklin as Jiggs' Friend
* Joe Devlin as Casey
* Earle Hodgins as Joe Klink
* Eddie Kane as Gambler
* Tom Kennedy as Murphy
# Luhtajoki

Luhtajoki is a 46-kilometre (29 mi) long river in Southern Finland. The river starts from Hyvinkää and flows as Kyläjoki into the church village of Nurmijärvi, where it flows 23 kilometers (14 mi) into the Klaukkala and from there to the River Vantaa where it connects.
The Luhtajoki River is lush and its water is clayey. The river is subject to both point and diffuse loads. The loads are caused by, for example, sewage load and agriculture. There are extensive floodplains in the area. The river has been sprouted several times. The Luhtajoki River is classified as satisfactory and the River Kyläjoki as passable. The river is also quite demanding for canoeing due to its eutrophication and sometimes its low amount of water.
# Dan Clifton

Dan Clifton (1865–1896?), known as Dynamite Dan or Dynamite Dick, was an American Old West outlaw and member of the Doolin Gang.
Clifton was a minor criminal wanted in the Oklahoma Territory for robbery, safecracking, and cattle rustling before joining the Doolin Gang in 1892. Upon joining the gang, Clifton took part in the remainder of the Doolin Gang's bank robberies, including the 1893 gunfight with law enforcement at Ingalls, Oklahoma, where three of his fingers were shot off. Following the gang's escape, and eventual disbandment, a bounty of $3,500 was placed on Clifton, who was becoming popularly known as the "most killed outlaw in America", as people would repeatedly turn in a corpse claiming the body as Clifton's, despite the fact the bodies had all 10 fingers, while others, who would randomly cut off three fingers, would often cut the wrong ones. Clifton was reportedly killed near Blackwell, Oklahoma, by Deputy US Marshal Chris Madsen in 1896. While the man in question was missing the correct fingers, the outlaw killed was suspected to have actually been Buck McGregg. That is unlikely, though, as Clifton never surfaced again, and Madsen was said to have known Clifton.
Actor Buck Taylor was cast as Clifton under the nickname "Dynamite Dick", instead of "Dynamite Dan", in the 1981 film, Cattle Annie and Little Britches, a fictional portrayal of teenaged Oklahoma bandits.
A character named after Clifton appears in the 1997 Western-themed first-person shooter Outlaws by LucasArts. In the game, Richard "Dynamite Dick" Clifton is an English immigrant and wanted outlaw who favors dynamite as his preferred weapon and is one of five bounty targets pursued by protagonist U.S. Marshal James Anderson in the game's "Marshal Training" bonus missions. In the game's manual, he is described as a gunfighter and safecracker who once ran with the Purcell Gang. The historical Clifton was also a known safecracker as well as a thief and cattle rustler who ran with Bill Doolin's gang.
# Edgar Steacie

Edgar William Richard Steacie (December 25, 1900 – August 28, 1962) was a Canadian physical chemist and president of the National Research Council of Canada from 1952 to 1962.

## Education

Born in Montreal, Quebec, the only child of Richard Steacie and Alice Kate McWood, he studied a year at the Royal Military College of Canada. In 1923, he received his Bachelor of Science degree and his Ph.D. in 1926 from McGill University.

## Career

From 1926 to 1939, Steacie taught at McGill University. In 1939, he joined the National Research Council as director of the division of chemistry. In 1950, he became vice-president (scientific) and, in 1952, president.

## Awards and honours

Steacie was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his contributions during the Second World War. From 1954 to 1955, he was the president of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1961, he was elected president of the International Council of Scientific Unions. He was president of the Faraday Society. He was a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences. He was an honorary Fellow of the Chemical Society.
In 1948, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and was awarded the Henry Marshall Tory Medal in 1955. He is a member of the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame.
The Steacie Science and Engineering Library at York University, the Steacie Building for Chemistry at Carleton University, the NSERC E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship, and the Steacie Prize are named in his honour.
# Brian Clayton

Brian Clayton (born 18 August 1948) is a South African former cricketer. He played in five first-class matches for Eastern Province in 1977/78.
# Buonconvento

Buonconvento is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Siena in the area known as the Crete Senesi. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

## History

Buonconvento (from the Latin bonus conventus, "happy place") is mentioned for the first time in 1100. In 1313 the German emperor Henry VII died here.
It was surrounded by a line of walls starting from 1371, carried on by the Republic of Siena to which it belonged until 1559, when it became part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. It was annexed to Italy in 1861.

## Main sights

The local museum of art, the Museo d'Arte Sacra della Val d'Arbia, houses works by Duccio di Buoninsegna, Pietro Lorenzetti, Andrea di Bartolo, Matteo di Giovanni and other Tuscan painters, taken from local churches. The church of Santi Pietro e Paolo has a Madonna Enthroned with Child (c. 1450) by Matteo di Giovanni and an early-fifteenth century fresco of the Sienese school. The fortified pieve of Sant'Innocenza a Piana dates from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Most of Buonconvento's frazioni house medieval or Renaissance castles.
The church of St. Lawrence in Bibbiano has a cyborium by Ventura Salimbeni.

## Frazioni

Inhabited places in the comune consist of the town of Buonconvento, the frazioni of Bibbiano, Ponte d'Arbia and Serravalle, and other settlements including Castelnuovo Tancredi, Chiatina, Percenna and Piana.
# David van der Knaap

David Saunders van der Knaap (born 7 September 1948) is a former South African cricketer active from 1967 to 1979 who played for Lancashire and Transvaal. He was born in Johannesburg. He appeared in 43 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm off break. He scored 289 runs with a highest score of 44 and held 39 catches. He took 121 wickets with a best analysis of six for 61.
# Bangnolac Jean Franklin

Jean Franklin Banyolag (born June 30, 1988, in Yaoundé) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a attacking midfielder .
# Neil Fox (cricketer)

Neil Fox (born 10 February 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Norwich, Norfolk.
Fox made his debut for Norfolk in the 1991 Minor Counties Championship against Hertfordshire. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Norfolk from 1991 to 2000, which included 77 Minor Counties Championship matches and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Warwickshire in the 1993 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A appearances, the last coming against Dorset in the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In his 8 List A matches, he scored 135 runs at an average of 16.87, with a high score of 68. This was his only half century in List A cricket and it came against Hampshire in the 1996 NatWest Trophy. With the ball, he took a single wicket at a cost of 45 runs.
# Le Bled

Le Bled is a 1929 French silent adventure film directed by Jean Renoir and starring Jackie Monnier, Enrique Riveros and Alexandre Arquillière. It was shot at the Joinville Studios in Paris and on location in French Algeria around Biskra, Boufarik and Staouéli. The film's sets were designed by the art director William Aguet. It was made to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the French conquest of Algeria in 1830. The film's title was an expression used to refer to the interior of Algeria.

## Cast

* Jackie Monnier as Claudie Duvernet
* Diana Hart as Diane Duvernet
* Renée Rozier as Marie-Jeanne
* Enrique Rivero as Pierre Hoffer
* Manuel Raaby as Manuel Duvernet
* Aïssa as Zoubir
* G.A. Martin as Le fauconnier
* Jacques Becker as Un ouvrier agricole
* Hadj Ben Yasmina as Le chauffeur
* Alexandre Arquillière as Christian Hoffer
# Otolithes ruber

Otolithes ruber, commonly known as the tigertooth croaker, silver teraglin, wiretooth, snapper kob, snapper salmon, Yankee whiting or Yankee salmon is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

## Taxonomy

Otolithes ruber was first formally described in 1801 as Johnius ruber by the German naturalists Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with the "Indian Ocean" given as its type locality. In 1817 Lorenz Oken proposed the new genus Otolithes for this species and in 1863 Theodore Gill designated Johnius ruber as the type species of the genus. The genus Otolithes is included in the subfamily Otolithinae by some workers, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae, which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.
It had been recognised that there were more than two taxonomic units, or lineages, within Otolithes and that these may represent previously unrecognised cryptic species and in 2019 O. arabicus from the Persian Gulf was described as a third species in the genus, distinct from O. ruber and there may be a fourth, as yet undescribed, species in the western Indian Ocean which is found from South Africa to Gujarat.

## Etymology

Otolithes ruber has the specific name ruber which means "red", the fish was described as red but is, in fact, silvery.

## Description

Otolithes ruber has a brownish upper body, frequently showing diagonal black streaking, while the lower body is silvery with a gold lustre. The anal fin, pectoral fins and pelvic fins are reddish brown. The dorsal fin has 10 spines in the first part of the fin, an incision, then a single spine and between 27 and 30 soft rays supporting the fin to the rear of the incision. The anal fin is supported by 2 spines and 7 soft rays. This species reaches a maximum published total length of 90 cm (35 in), although 40 cm (16 in) is more typical.

## Distribution and habitat

Otolithes ruber is found in the Indo-West Pacific from South Africa and Madagascar east into the Western Pacific as far as eastern Australia. However, the population in the western Indian Ocean may represent a different species. It occurs at depths between 3 and 100 m (9.8 and 328.1 ft) in brackish and marine waters over sand, mud and rock substrates.

## Biology

Otolithes ruber feed on planktonic crustaceans near the surface as juveniles and as adults they prey on benthic invertebrates and fishes.

## Fisheries

Otolithes ruber is caught in mixed species fisheries and as bycatch throughout its range. The fish landed are sold fresh or preserved by drying or salting.
# Huachinera Municipality

Huachinera is a municipality in the state of Sonora in north-western Mexico.
The population of the municipal seat was 732 in 2000. In the 2020 Census, the municipality reported a total population of 1,186.
# Syarhey Nikifarenka

Syarhey Ivanavich Nikifarenka (Belarusian: Сяргей Нікіфарэнка; Russian: Серге́й Никифоренко; born 18 February 1978) is a Belarusian football coach and a former player.

## Career

He spent the majority of his career in Shakhtyor Soligorsk. He is Shakhtyor's all-time top scorer and was one of the most prolific scorers of Belarusian League in the late 1990s and 2000s. From 2015 till 2016 he worked as a Shakhtyor Soligorsk head coach.

## Honours

Shakhtyor Soligorsk
* Belarusian Premier League champion: 2005
* Belarusian Cup winner: 2003–04
# Rosignano Monferrato

Rosignano Monferrato is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,659 and an area of 19.2 square kilometres (7.4 sq mi).
Rosignano Monferrato borders the following municipalities: Camagna Monferrato, Casale Monferrato, Cella Monte, Frassinello Monferrato, Ozzano Monferrato, San Giorgio Monferrato, and Terruggia.

## People

* Captain Michele Amatore died here in 1883.
# Fred Emney

Frederick Arthur Round Emney (12 February 1900 – 25 December 1980) was an English character actor and comedian.
Emney was born in Prescot, Lancashire, the son of Blanche (née Round) and Fred Emney, a music hall entertainer. His great-uncle was the actor Arthur Williams. Emney junior grew up in London and was educated at Cranleigh School.
He made his film debut in 1935, having previously worked in music hall. He became a familiar figure to screen audiences, usually playing the "posh fat bloke", usually gruff and invariably wearing a monocle. During the 1950s, he had his own television show which featured sketches and deft piano pieces often composed by him. Some were released on record. He had a short spell as straight man to puppets Pinky and Perky.
His sister Joan Emney was an actress who sometimes appeared with him in the same stage productions.
Fred Emney died in Bognor Regis, Sussex, on Christmas Day 1980.

## Filmography

* A Man of Mayfair (1932) - (uncredited)
* Brewster's Millions (1935) - Freddy
* Come Out of the Pantry (1935) - Lord Axminster
* The Lilac Domino (1937) - Baron Ladislas de Gonda
* Let's Make a Night of It (1937) - Henry Boydell
* Jane Steps Out (1938) - General Wilton
* Hold My Hand (1938) - Lord Milchester
* Luck of the Navy (1938) - Cook
* Just like a Woman (1939) - Sir Charles Devoir
* Yes, Madam? (1939) - Sir Charles Drake-Drake
* She Couldn't Say No (1939) - Herbert
* The Middle Watch (1940) - Adm. Sir Reginald Hewett
* Just William (1940) - Mr. Brown
* Let the People Sing (1942) - Sir George Denberry-Baxter
* Fun at St. Fanny's (1955) - Dr. Jankers
* The Fast Lady (1962) - 1st Golfer
* A Home of Your Own (1964) - The Mayor
* Father Came Too! (1964) - Sir Francis Drake
* I've Gotta Horse (1965) - Lord Bentley
* Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines (1965) - Colonel
* San Ferry Ann (1965) - Gourmet
* Bunny Lake Is Missing (1965) - Man in Soho
* The Sandwich Man (1966) - Sir Mervyn Moleskin
* Oliver! (1968) - Workhouse Chairman
* The Assassination Bureau (1969) - Elevator Victim (uncredited)
* Lock Up Your Daughters! (1969) - Earl of Ware
* The Italian Job (1969) - Birkinshaw
* The Magic Christian (1969) - Fitzgibbon
* Under the Table You Must Go (1969) - Himself (documentary)
* Doctor in Trouble (1970) - Father
* Up the Chastity Belt (1971) - Mortimer
* Mistress Pamela (1974) - Dr. Livesey
* The Amorous Milkman (1975) - Magistrate
* Adventures of a Private Eye (1977) - Sir Basil (final film role)
# Artsyom Zakharaw

Artsyom Zakharaw (Belarusian: Арцём Захараў; Russian: Артём Захаров; born 12 July 2002) is a Belarusian professional footballer.
# Flynn Field

Flynn Field is a baseball park located in Madison, South Dakota. It is the home of the Dakota State Trojans baseball team as well as the Madison Broncos, a semi-professional baseball team that plays in the Cornbelt League.
# Vitaly Rushnitsky

Vitaly Rushnitsky (Belarusian: Віталь Рушніцкі; Russian: Виталий Рушницкий; born 17 January 1990) is a Belarusian footballer who plays for Stenles Pinsk.
# Gundugutti Manjanathaya

Gundugutti M. Manjanathaya was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. Born as G. M. Manjanath, on 2nd June, 1904, he was a prominent coffee planter and lived in the village of Gundugutti in Somwarpet taluk in Kodagu district.

## Freedom movement

In 1934, Pandyanda Belliappa, another prominent freedom fighter, and Gundugutti Manjanathaya succeeded in persuading Mahatma Gandhi to tour Coorg for his cause of gaining donations towards the Harijan welfare fund. They accompanied him into Coorg and he stayed at Gundugutti Manjanathaya's house for one evening. It was here that Mrs. B. T. Gopal Krishna, better known as Kodagina Gowramma, a famous Kannada woman writer and his relative, donated her jewellery for the cause and invited the entourage to her house. During the 1942 Quit India Movement Manjanathaya's eldest son Gundugutti Narasimhamurthy organised a Seva Mandal in Madikeri to inspire the youth.

## Politics

In 1947 Coorg was a separate state in South India. Coorg had two MPs in the Union Parliament then, besides having a state legislative body. Manjanathaya was elected MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly) of the State of Coorg (now Kodagu), between the years 1952-1957 and represented Sunticoppa I constituency as a member of the Indian National Congress party. In 1956 the State Reorganisation Act was passed. Coorg State (Kodagu) was merged with Mysore State and the legislative body at Madikeri was dissolved. In 1967 G.M. Manjanathaya represented the Swatantra Party and defeated INC candidate C.K. Kalappa from Somwarpet constituency in the Mysore State (Old name for Karnataka) Elections in 1967.

## Legacy

You can also locate a high school called Gundugutty school, named after its founder GMM.
# Jack Pleasants

Jack Pleasants (born Squire Pleasants; 27 August 1874 – 2 January 1924) was an English music hall comedian and singer.

## Life and career

Jack Pleasants was born in Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, England in 1874. After entering a talent contest in Leeds, he had his first music hall appearances there. He made his London debut in 1901, but was not an immediate success and returned to provincial theatres for several years, gradually increasing his popularity in the north of England. In 1907, he appeared with George Mozart in pantomime in Bradford.
From then his status as one of the top Northern dialect comedians grew. Billed as “The Bashful Limit”, he typically played the part of a "bashful fool", whose ostensible lack of experience with women could turn out to reveal hidden purpose. He wore make-up, a black frock coat, trousers, and a bowler hat, and sported a large marguerite flower.
He popularised the songs “I’m Twenty-One Today” and “I’m Shy, Mary Ellen, I’m Shy”, which remain the songs for which he is best remembered.

## Death

Jack Pleasants died in 1924 aged forty-nine. He died of a perforated appendix after an evening pantomime performance of Little Red Riding Hood at the Prince's Theatre, Bradford. One source suggests that Pleasants dropped dead on stage, and that he had been only "subbing" for Arthur Lucan and Kitty McShane of Old Mother Riley fame.
The pantomime began to seem jinxed. The 7 February 1924 edition of Variety carried the following report:
   "Francis Laidler's pantomime at Prince's Theatre, Bradford is having a particularly unhappy time. First, the principal comedian, Jack Pleasants, died shortly after the production opened, and now the principal girl, Winifred O'Connor, has been nearly burned to death. She was shampooing her hair with spirit mixture assisted by her mother when the stuff caught fire, setting the room ablaze. The screams of the two women brought their landlord to the room, and he flung a carpet over them. Winifred O'Connor was so seriously burned that it will be some time before she can return to work."
Pleasants's widow, Jessie, lived in London and died just after World War II.

## Trivia

Both Will Fyffe and Sandy Powell began their careers by doing impressions of Jack Pleasants and other music hall performers.