OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sotero Laurel

Sotero Cosme "Teroy" Hidalgo Laurel II (September 27, 1918 – September 16, 2009) was a Filipino politician and educator who served as a Senator from 1987 until 1992, including a period as President pro tempore from 1990 until 1991. Laurel was the son of the former President of the Philippines José P. Laurel and the older brother of former Vice President Salvador Laurel. Laurel was nicknamed "Teroy."

## Early life

Laurel was the third oldest son of former President José P. Laurel, he was also the grandson of the late Sotero Remoquillo Laurel. He was born on September 27, 1918. He earned his law degrees from the University of the Philippines and was a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi fraternity. He later obtained a master's degree from the University of Santo Tomas. Laurel then went to the United States where he studied international and constitutional law at Harvard University and Georgetown University.

## Career

Laurel taught law at Lyceum of the Philippines, the Philippine Law School, and Far Eastern University. He also aligned himself from the school policies to found the "Student Varsitarian" in 1953, a reputable campus organization for students hails from different provinces. Laurel served as the president of the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities (PACU) from 1963 to 1965. He also became the chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Lyceum of the Philippines University System. He was a 1986 recipient of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques of France, which is bestowed on educators and academics.
As Senator from 1987 to 1992, Laurel opposed the extension of the U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay and the Clark Air Base, leading to their closure in 1991. He was a member of the so-called "Magnificent 12" who voted against the extension. He was also the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce and Industry and was the Senate President Pro-Tempore from 1990 to 1991. He was the oldest serving senator also at that time.
Laurel established Lyceum of the Philippines University–Batangas and Lyceum of the Philippines University-Laguna.

## Death

Sotero Laurel died of cancer on September 16, 2009, at the age of 90. (exactly one month after the death of former President Cory Aquino). He was survived by his wife, Lorna, their eight children, and two sisters - Rose L. Avancena and Nita L. Yupangco. Laurel was laid in state in Manila Memorial Park in Parañaque. Laurel was predeceased by his sister, Nene L. Guinto, and brothers former House Speaker José B. Laurel Jr.; former Vice President Salvador "Doy" Laurel; former Philippine Ambassador to Japan José S. Laurel III; banker, Mariano Laurel; and Arsenio "Dodjie" Laurel, a race car driver.
# Fuel cell auxiliary power unit

A fuel cell auxiliary power unit (FC-APU) is a fuel cell based auxiliary power unit on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion. They are mainly used in trucking, aviation, marine and recreational vehicles.

## Market

In 2010 there were globally 3,100 fuel cell APU shipments.

## Trucks

Around 300,000 refrigerator trucks with auxiliary power units are on the road in the United States, according to a 2013 estimate. In recent years, truck and fuel cell manufacturers have teamed up to create, test and demonstrate a fuel cell APU that eliminates nearly all emissions and uses diesel fuel more efficiently.
In 2008, a DOE sponsored partnership between Delphi Electronics and Peterbilt demonstrated that a fuel cell could provide power to the electronics and air conditioning of a Peterbilt Model 386 under simulated "idling" conditions for 10 hours. This solid oxide fuel cell can directly accept diesel using an integrated endothermic reformer. Delphi has said the 5 kW system for Class 8 trucks will be released in 2012, at an $8000–9000 price tag that would be competitive with other "midrange" two-cylinder diesel APUs, should they be able to meet those deadlines and cost estimates. In 2013, DOE announced a similar project giving grants to Nuvera and Plug Power Inc., though this project is based on hydrogen-powered fuel cells.

## Research

* RDSO started a project to develop fuel cell assisted Auxiliary power units in diesel-electric locomotives of Indian Railways.
* PowerCell is testing an autothermal reformer and a PEM fuel cell stack to convert diesel fuel into electricity for trucks.
# Halat Za'al Island

Ḥālat Za'al (Arabic: جزيرة حالة زعل) is an Island located in Tarout Bay, belonging to the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The island has an area of approximately 0.20 km² and is about 1 nautical mile off the coast. It is home to various bird species, including Sterna.
# Irena Joveva

Irena Joveva (born 26 February 1989) is a Slovenian politician and a former news reporter. She was elected as a Member of the European Parliament and is part of the Slovenian political party Freedom Movement, affiliated with the Renew Europe political group on the European level. She previously worked in the domestic political editorial team of the Slovenian Press Agency (STA) and as a journalist on the 24UR news program on POP TV.

## Early life and education

She grew up in a working-class family in Jesenice. Her parents moved to Slovenia more than a decade before her birth as economic migrants from where is now North Macedonia, then Yugoslavia. After completing her secondary economics school in Radovljica, she continued her studies at the Faculty of Social Sciences in Ljubljana. She graduated in International Relations and completed her master's degree in World Studies in 2017, focusing on the European Union's approach to the Macedonian national issue.

## Journalism

She was employed in the domestic political editorial team of the Slovenian Press Agency. Her coverage included domestic politics and the public sector. From 2015 until her candidacy for the European Parliament in 2019, she worked as a journalist for daily news "24UR" on POP TV. Her reporting focused on domestic politics, foreign affairs, European topics, migration, arbitration, and protests across Europe.

## Political career

On 4 March 2019, List of Marjan Šarec (LMŠ) announced that Joveva would lead the list’s ticket in the upcoming European Parliament elections. She was elected with the second-highest number of preferential votes (42,190) and became a Member of the European Parliament. Alongside her, Klemen Grošelj was also elected from the LMŠ party. Upon her election, she among other things promised transparent operation by publicly disclosing meetings with lobbyists and the use of her office's funds.
She is a member of the Committee on Culture and Education (CULT) and the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL). Additionally, she is a substitute member in the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), where she holds the position of Vice-Chair within the Subcommittee on Public Health (SANT) since March 2023. She was also involved in the Special Committee on Beating Cancer (BECA), which prepared a European strategy to fight cancer.
In addition to committee work, she is active in delegations responsible for inter-parliamentary relations. She is a member of the delegations for North Macedonia, Palestine, Central Asian, African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries.
She is also a member of the European Parliament groups: Intergroup on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas and the MEPs Against Cancer group.
# Norape acuta

Norape acuta is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Walter Hopp in 1927. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Prosecutor General of the Maldives

The Prosecutor General of the Maldives is the chief legal officer responsible for conducting criminal prosecutions in the Republic of Maldives. The post was established under the 2008 Constitution, on 7 September 2008, and its primary role is to ensure the fair and impartial prosecution of criminal cases in the Maldives. The Prosecutor General (PG) is appointed by the President of the Maldives, with the approval of the People's Majlis, and serves for a term of five years, with eligibility for reappointment.
Since its establishment in 2008, there has been 4 Prosecutors General.

## History

The post of Prosecutor General was established on 7 September 2008.

## Powers

Article 220 of the Constitution of the Maldives stipulates that the Prosecutor General is required to carry out their duties in accordance with the Constitution and laws enacted by the People's Majlis.

### Responsibilities

* To supervise the prosecution of all criminal offences in the Maldives, and to consider and assess evidence presented by investigating bodies to determine whether charges should be pursued.
* To institute and conduct criminal proceedings against any person before any court in respect of any alleged offence.
* To oversee the legality of preliminary inquiries and investigations into alleged criminal activity.
* To monitor and review the circumstances and conditions under which any person is arrested, detained or otherwise deprived of freedom prior to trial.
* To order any investigation that deems desirable into complaints of criminal activity or into any other criminal activity of which he becomes aware.
* To take over, review and continue any criminal proceedings instituted by any prosecuting body authorized to initiate prosecutions pursuant to a law enacted by the People's Majilis, and at his discretion to discontinue any criminal proceedings at any stage prior to judgment.
* To review or revert any decisions to prosecute or not to prosecute any alleged offender, or to discontinue any prosecution.
* To appeal any judgment, verdict or decision in a criminal matter; To issue policy directives which shall be observed in the entire prosecutorial process.
* To uphold the constitutional order, the law, and the rights and freedoms of all citizens.

## Prosecutors general

| No. | Portrait | Name | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Ref. |
| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Ref. |
| 1 | Ahmed Muizzu | Ahmed Muizzu | 26 July 2009 | 25 November 2013 | 4 years, 122 days | |
| Vacant (25 November 2013 – 22 July 2014) |||||||
| 2 | | Muhthaz Muhsin | 22 July 2014 | 11 November 2015 | 1 year, 112 days | |
| 3 | | Aishath Bisam | 24 November 2015 | 28 November 2019 | 4 years, 127 days | |
| 4 | | Hussain Shameem | 8 December 2019 | 22 August 2024 | 4 years, 258 days | |
| Vacant (22 August – 18 September 2024) |||||||
| 5 | | Abbas Shareef | 18 September 2024 | Incumbent | 107 days | |
# Norape arietina

Norape arietina is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Walter Hopp in 1927. It is found in Guyana.
# Norape capreolata

Norape capreolata is a moth of the family Megalopygidae. It was described by Walter Hopp in 1927. It is found in Colombia.
# John McLaren

John McLaren may refer to:
* John McLaren (baseball) (born 1951), American baseball manager
* John McLaren (cricketer) (1886–1921), Australian cricketer
* John McLaren (horticulturist) (1846–1943), built Golden Gate Park
* John McLaren (public servant) (1871–1958), Australian public servant
* John McLaren, Lord McLaren (1831–1910), Scottish Liberal MP and judge
* John Inglis McLaren (1865–1948), Canadian politician
* John Francis McLaren (1919–1953), Welsh barrister and RAF officer
* John F. McLaren (1855–1888), Chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh
* John P. McLaren, U.S. Army general
# Jane Bunford

Jane Bunford (26 July 1895 – 1 April 1922) was one of the tallest women ever measuring 2.41 metres (7 ft 11 in) at the time of her death (adjusted for spinal curvature). She was the tallest woman in the world during her lifetime.

## Early life

Bunford's parents were John Bunford (14 March 1856 – 10 December 1916) and Jane Bunford (Nee Andrews) (April 1857 – 1934) of Bartley Green, Birmingham, UK. Her father was a metal caster.

## Accident

According to the Guinness Book of Records at the age of 11, Bunford had a head injury. It is believed that the injury permanently damaged her pituitary gland, releasing an excess of growth hormone which sent her growth out of control. While she was fairly tall for her age, her height wasn't unusual or exceptional before her accident at 5 ft 0 in.

## School

Bunford attended St. Michael's Secondary School in Bartley Green. At school she displayed a talent for embroidery but the desks and chairs became too uncomfortable for her to sit at. A Mrs Booth who knew Bunford said it was difficult for her to get through the school doors. As a result of both factors, Bunford's parents took her out of school. On her 13th birthday she was measured at 1.98 metres (6 ft 6 in) tall. On her 21st birthday Bunford was measured at 2.39 metres (7 ft 10 in) tall, her peak standing height. Mrs Booth said Bunford had to have her shoes specially made at Halesowen as she had size 17 feet.

## Later life

Bunford rejected several opportunities to benefit financially from her size and appearance. She had straight long auburn hair. In her final years Bunford became a recluse. She hated the attention her size brought her, and her spine developed a severe curvature. Because of this, Bunford could not stand fully erect towards the end of her life. By the end of her life, Bunford was also in pain because of joint problems and other ailments. She often baby-sat young children in the area, as a favour for neighbours.

## Death and funeral

Shortly before her death, Bunford was measured at 7 feet 7 inches (2.31 m) tall. It was estimated that she would have been 7 feet 11 inches (2.41 m), if she had not developed the spinal curvature.
Bunford died at her home in Jiggins Lane on 1 April 1922. According to her death certificate, Bunford died of hyperpituitarism and gigantism.
The funeral was held at St Michaels and All Angels Church, Bartley Green, on 5 April 1922. The coffin had been locked in the church overnight before the day of the funeral. According to undertaker's records published in General Practitioner, her coffin was 2.50 metres (8 ft 2 in) long and was probably the longest ever used for a UK funeral. Mrs. Booth claimed in February 1972 that no local people were allowed to enter the church. The story featured on ATV on 27 January 1972 and 14 March 1972.
| Preceded byUnknown | Tallest Recognized Woman ?-1982 | Succeeded byZeng Jinlian |
| Preceded byTrijntje Keever Alleged, Disputed | Tallest Recognized Woman ever ?-1982 | Succeeded byZeng Jinlian |
| Preceded byUnknown | Tallest Recognized British Person ever ?-present | Succeeded by- |
# Szlamica

Szlamica (Belarusian: Шляміца - Shlyamitsa) is a river of Poland and Belarus, a tributary of the Marycha. It branches off the Czarna Hańcza near Rygol, northeastern Poland, flows through the lakes Głębokie and Szlamy and crosses the Belarusian border. It flows into the Marycha near the village Kalety, Grodno District.
* This article related to a river in Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* t
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# 306

Year 306 (CCCVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius (or, less frequently, year 1059 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 306 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* July 25 – Constantius I dies outside Eboracum (modern-day York). Constantine, aged 23 or 24, is declared emperor by his troops. Emperor Galerius grants Constantine the title of Caesar, and elevates Flavius Valerius Severus to emperor in the Western part of the Roman Empire.
* Constantine institutes toleration of the Christians in his territories.
* Constantine establishes his capital in Augusta Treverorum (Trier). He begins a major expansion of the city, strengthening the walls, expanding the palace complex and building the Imperial Baths.
* Building on the efforts of Diocletian, Galerius introduces the poll tax to central and southern Italy and truncates the size of the Praetorian Guard, with plans to disband the Guard altogether.
* October 28 – Maxentius, son of former Western Emperor Maximian, leads a revolt by the Praetorian Guard and members of the Senate in Rome, and is proclaimed Emperor. Southern Italy supports Maxentius, as do Africa, Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. Maxentius recalls Maximian from retirement, who joins his son in Rome.
* Winter: Constantine fights with success against the Franks.
* Galerius has the Rotunda of Galerius built in Thessaloniki (Macedonia).

#### Asia

* The War of the Eight Princes ends in China.

### By topic
#### Religion

* The Synod of Elvira concludes with the issue of various canons, including one declaring that killing through a magic spell is a sin and the work of the devil.
* Metrophanes becomes bishop of Byzantium.
* The Patriarchate of Lisbon is established.
* Christianity is established in Roman Britain. British bishops participate in the councils of Arles (314), Nicaea (325) and Arminum (349).

## Births

* Ephrem the Syrian, Syriac theologian and hymnodist (d. 373)

## Deaths

* February 17 – Theodore of Amasea, Roman soldier and martyr
* March 4 – Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia, Christian martyrs
* July 25 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor (b. c. 250)
* August 25 – Maginus, Christian hermit and martyr
* Demetrius of Thessaloniki, Roman soldier and martyr
* Sima Ying, Chinese prince of the Jin Dynasty (b. 279)
* Sima Yong (or Wenzai), Chinese prince and regent
# Gilvan (footballer)

Gilvan Souza Correa (born 10 November 1989), simply known as Gilvan, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a central defender for América de Natal.

## Club career

Born in Salgado, Gilvan made his professional debut with fourth tier Iraty Sport Club in 2010, before moving to Londrina Esporte Clube of the same tier two years later. On 19 May 2014, he signed for Associação Atlética Ponte Preta of the second tier on a loan deal.
After having ended the season winning promotion to the first tier, Gilvan chose to stay back in the second, and signed a one-year loan deal with Ceará Sporting Club on 9 January 2015. He made his league debut in May, playing the whole ninety minutes of a 1–0 defeat against Paraná Clube.
On 6 January 2016, Gilvan moved to Paysandu Sport Club on a year long loan deal. He scored a brace for the club on 20 August, in a 2–0 league victory against his former club Ceará. He won the 2016 season of the Copa Verde with the club. On 5 July 2017, he was released by the club due to a clause in his contract - he had to be released if he received any offer from a Série A club. He subsequently signed with Atlético Goianiense. Though the club was relegated at the season, he signed a one-year contract extension in December.
On 13 January 2018, Gilvan moved abroad for the first time and signed a three-year deal with Romanian Liga I club CFR Cluj. He returned to Atlético Goianiense in July 2018 without making an appearance for the Romanian club.

## Honours
### Botafogo

* Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2021

### CFR Cluj

* Liga I: 2017–18

### Ceará

* Copa do Nordeste: 2015
# Charlotte H. Bruner

Charlotte H. Bruner (May 8, 1917 – December 4, 1999) was an American scholar who was one of the first in the United States to write extensively about, and translate the work of, African women writers. She was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1997.

## Biography

Charlotte Hughes Johnston was born May 8, 1917, in Urbana, Illinois, to Charles Hughes Johnston and Nell Converse (Bomar) Johnston. She graduated from University Laboratory High School in 1934. She received her undergraduate education at the University of Illinois (B.A., 1938) and her M.A. degree from Columbia University in 1939. That same year, she married David Kincaid Bruner, who would become a faculty member in the Department of English and Speech at Iowa State College (which later became Iowa State University). They had two children, Nell and Charles.
Bruner joined the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures as a professor of French at Iowa State College in 1954 and retired from the university in 1987 after more than three decades of teaching and research. As a scholar, she dedicated her career to writing about and publishing translations of literature by African women, helping to create a wider public for these writers. She edited two volumes of short stories by African women: The Heinemann Book of African Women's Writings (1993) and Unwinding Threads (1994), and was one of several editors for The Feminist Companion to Literature in English (1990). She has been called an outstanding pioneer in the fields of both African studies and world literature, pursuing her studies at a time when American academics were largely uninterested in African literature and taught mainly European classics.
In the early 1970s, Bruner and her husband David spent a year in Africa interviewing African writers, and on their return three dozen of their interviews were aired as a series of radio programs entitled Talking Sticks. From 1980 to 1986, Bruner cohosted (with David) a weekly series of radio programs, First Person Feminine, in which she read from and discussed international women's literature.
Bruner served as vice-president of the African Literature Association.
She was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1997, two years before her death on December 4, 1999. Her name is inscribed in the university's Plaza of Heroines.

## Selected publications
### Books

* The Heinemann Book of African Women's Writings (1993)
* Unwinding Threads (1994)

### Articles

* "Black French Literature in the Classroom" (1972)
* "The Meaning of Caliban in Black Literature Today" (1976)
* "Child Africa as Depicted by Bessie Head and Ama Ata Aidoo" (1979)
* "A Caribbean Madness, Half Slave and Half Free" (1984)
* "Women Viewed and Women Viewers in African Literature" (1989)
* "Cross-Cultural Marriage as a Literary Motif in African and Caribbean Literature" (1994)
# 1993 in Rwanda

The following lists events that happened during 1993 in Rwanda.

## Incumbents

* President: Juvénal Habyarimana
* Prime Minister: Dismas Nsengiyaremye (until 18 July), Agathe Uwilingiyimana (starting 18 July)

## Events
### August

* August 4 - The Arusha Accords are signed between President Juvénal Habyarimana and leaders of the RPF in Arusha, Tanzania, ending the Rwandan Civil War.
# Irene Prescott

Irene Prescott (born 21 June 1994) is a Tongan swimmer. She competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where she ranked 61st with a time of 28.68 seconds. She did not advance to the semifinals.