OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Artificial silk

Artificial silk or art silk is any synthetic fiber which resembles silk, but typically costs less to produce. Frequently, the term artificial silk is just a synonym for rayon. When made out of bamboo viscose it is also sometimes called bamboo silk.
The first successful artificial silks were developed in the 1890s of cellulose fiber and marketed as art silk or viscose, a trade name for a specific manufacturer.
In the 1910s and 1920s, several manufacturers of viscose competed in Europe and the United States to produce what was frequently called artificial silk. In 1924, the name of the fiber was officially changed in the U.S. to Rayon, although the term viscose continued to be used in Europe. The material is commonly referred to in the industry as viscose rayon.
In 1931, Henry Ford hired chemists Robert Boyer and Frank Calvert to produce artificial silk made with soybean fibers. They succeeded in making a textile fiber of spun soy protein fibers, hardened or tanned in a formaldehyde bath, which was given the name Azlon. It was usable for making suits, felt hats, and overcoats. Though pilot production of Azlon reached 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) per day in 1940, it never reached the commercial market; DuPont's nylon became the most important artificial silk.
Although not sold under the name art silk initially, nylon, the first synthetic fiber, was developed in the United States in the late 1930s and was used as a replacement for Japanese silk during World War II. Its properties are far superior to rayon and silk when wet, and so it was used for many military applications, such as parachutes. Although nylon is not a good substitute for silk fabric in appearance, it is a successful functional alternative. DuPont's original plans for nylon to become a cheaper and superior replacement for silk stockings were soon realized, then redirected for military use just two years later during World War II. Nylon became a prominent industrial fiber in a short time frame, permanently replacing silk in many applications.
In the present day, imitation silk may be made with rayon, mercerized cotton, polyester, a blend of these materials, or a blend of rayon and silk.
Despite a generally similar appearance, genuine silk has unique features that are distinguishable from artificial silk. However, in some cases artificial silk can be passed off as real silk to unwary buyers. A number of tests are available to determine a fabric's basic fiber makeup, some of which can be performed prior to purchasing a fabric whose composition is questionable. Tests include rubbing the pile in the hand, burning a small piece of the fringe to smell the ash and smell smoke, and dissolving the pile by performing a chemical test.
# John Fox-Strangways

The Honourable John George Charles Fox-Strangways (6 February 1803 – 8 September 1859) was a British diplomat, Whig politician, and courtier.

## Early life

Fox-Strangways was the posthumous third son of Henry Fox-Strangways, 2nd Earl of Ilchester and his second wife, Maria Digby, daughter of The Very Reverend William Digby. The 3rd and 4th Earls of Ilchester were respectively his elder half-brother and brother. Louisa Fitzmaurice-Petty, Marchioness of Lansdowne was his half-sister.

## Political career

Fox-Strangways was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Calne in 1836, a seat he held until 1837. He then represented Dorset until 1841.
Fox-Strangways was also in the Foreign Office and served as a Gentleman Usher to Queen Adelaide.

## Marriage and children

Fox-Strangways married Amelia, daughter of Edward Marjoribanks, in 1844. They had two children:
* Lady Maria Georgiana Julia Fox-Strangways (died 12 October 1922), married Arthur Hood, 2nd Viscount Bridport.
* Henry Edward Fox-Strangways, 5th Earl of Ilchester (13 September 1847 - 6 December 1905)
Fox-Strangways died in September 1859, aged 56. His wife died in September 1886.
Their son, Henry, succeeded his uncle William Fox-Strangways, 4th Earl of Ilchester in the earldom of Ilchester in 1865.
# Janet Wanja

Janet Wanja (24 February 1984 – 26 December 2024) was a Kenyan volleyball player, who competed for her Country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, wearing the number #7 jersey. There she ended up in eleventh place with the Kenya women's national team.
Wanja went to Mukumu Girls High School. She played for Kenya Commercial Bank and Kenya Pipeline.
In 2007, under their then coach Sammy Kirongo, she led Kenya's national side to its seventh victory at the Women's African Volleyball Championship in the final against Algeria. The Kenyan team included Wanja and she was judged the "best setter". Dorcas Ndasaba was judged "best player" after she gained the final point to deliver Kenya's victory in straight sets.
In 2015 Brackcides Agala was the captain of the national team and Wanja assisted her. The team announced that they refused to play for the 2015 FIVB World Grand Prix in Canberra after several victories. The players were annoyed that they had not been paid allowances that had been promised by the Kenya Volleyball Federation. The boycott was successful and the team played and won against Peru. However, the KVF were not pleased and when the teams were announced for the 2016 Summer Olympics neither Brackcides Agala nor Janet Wanja were asked to the qualifying matches.
In 2017 Wanja was in the Kenya Pipeline team in Cairo as they contested the Women's Africa Club Volleyball Championship.
Wanja was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer, and died on 26 December 2024, at the age of 40.
# Dusty Blue

Dusty Blue is an album by trumpeter Howard McGhee which was recorded in 1960 and released on the Bethlehem label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic reviewer Ken Dryden stated: " With the exception of Together Again with Teddy Edwards, the 1950s had largely been a waste for Howard McGhee, as drug addiction had taken its toll on his playing. But he is in good form for this 1961 studio session for Bethlehem".

## Track listing

All compositions by Howard McGhee, except as indicated
* "Dusty Blue" - 2:53
* "The Sound of Music" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Richard Rodgers) - 3:22
* "I Concentrate on You" (Cole Porter) - 4:06
* "Sleep Talk" - 2:55
* "Park Avenue Petite (From Dream To Dream)" (Benny Golson) - 3:32
* "Flyin' Colors" - 5:52
* "With Malice Towards None" (Tom McIntosh) - 4:02
* "Groovin' High" (Dizzy Gillespie) - 4:19
* "A Cottage for Sale" (Larry Conley, Willard Robison) - 4:28

## Personnel

* Howard McGhee - trumpet
* Bennie Green - trombone (tracks 1, 5, 6 & 8)
* Roland Alexander - tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 5, 6 & 8)
* Pepper Adams - baritone saxophone (tracks 1, 5, 6 & 8)
* Tommy Flanagan - piano
* Ron Carter - bass
* Walter Bolden - drums
# Szlachecka, Łódź Voivodeship

Szlachecka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Szustry

Szustry is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokolniki, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Sokolniki, 16 km (10 mi) east of Wieruszów, and 92 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Szwejki Wielkie

Szwejki Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadkowice, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Sadkowice, 17 km (11 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 71 km (44 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Introducing Kenny Burrell

Introducing Kenny Burrell is the debut album by American jazz guitarist Kenny Burrell, recorded over May 29–30, 1956 and released on Blue Note later that year.

## Release history

In 2000, the album was released on the 2 CD-set Introducing Kenny Burrell: The First Blue Note Sessions with Kenny Burrell Volume 2, plus bonus tracks.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album four stars, stating: "Burrell displays what was already an immediately recognizable tone. At 24, Burrell had quickly emerged to become one of the top bop guitarists of the era, and he is in particularly excellent form... Enjoyable music."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Kenny Burrell, except as noted.

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Kenny Burrell – guitar (except "Rhythmorama")
* Tommy Flanagan – piano (except "Rhythmorama")
* Paul Chambers – bass (except "Rhythmorama")
* Kenny Clarke – drums
* Candido Camero – conga (except "Fugue 'n' Blues", "Weaver of Dreams")

### Technical personnel

* Alfred Lion – producer
* Rudy Van Gelder – recording engineer, mastering
* Reid Miles – design
* Francis Wolff – photography
* Leonard Feather – liner notes
# Sędziejowice-Kolonia

Sędziejowice-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziejowice, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Sędziejowice, 12 km (7 mi) south-west of Łask, and 44 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Introducing Kenny Burrell: The First Blue Note Sessions

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Introducing Kenny Burrell: The First Blue Note Sessions is a compilation album by jazz guitarist Kenny Burrell. It compiles: Introducing Kenny Burrell (Disc 1, #1-7) Kenny Burrell Volume 2 (Disc 1, #8-9; Disc 2 #1-4 and 6) K. B. Blues (Disc 2, #7-11) (1979, Blue Note Japan, GXF-3052)
The album also features the outtake "My Heart Stood Still", originally appeared on the hard to find Swingin' (GXF-3070). All the tracks were recorded mainly at Van Gelder Studio between February and May 1956 and were produced by Alfred Lion.

## Track listing

All compositions by Kenny Burrell except as indicated
Disc One
* "This Time the Dream's on Me" (Arlen, Mercer) - 5:00
* "Fugue 'N Blues" - 6:48
* "Takeela" - 4:19
* "Weaver of Dreams" (Elliott, Young) - 4:43
* "Delilah" (Young) - 6:04
* "Rhythmorama" (Kenny Clarke) - 6:28
* "Blues for Skeeter" - 8:08
* "Get Happy" (Arlen, Koehler) - 4:02
* "But Not for Me" (Gershwin, Gershwin) - 3:49
Disc Two
* "Moten Swing" (Bennie Moten) - 6:08
* "Cheetah" - 4:43
* "Now See How You Are" (Woody Harris, Oscar Pettiford) - 5:54
* "Phinupi" - 4:42
* "My Heart Stood Still" (Hart, Rodgers) - 5:13
* "How About You?" (Lane, Ralph Freed) - 5:14
* "K.B. Blues" - 6:24
* "D.B. Blues" (Young) - 5:50
* "Nica's Dream" (Horace Silver) - 9:37
* "Out for Blood" - 9:06
* "K.B. Blues" [Alternate Take] - 6:16
Disc One recorded on May 29–30, 1956; Disc Two #1-6 on March 12, 1956; #7-11 on February 10, 1956.

## Personnel

Disc One
* Kenny Burrell – guitar (except on #6)
* Tommy Flanagan – piano (except on #6 & 9)
* Paul Chambers – bass (except on #6 & 9)
* Kenny Clarke – drums (except on #9)
* Candido – conga (except on #2, 4 & 9)
Disc Two #1-6
* Kenny Burrell – guitar
* Tommy Flanagan – piano
* Frank Foster – tenor saxophone
* Oscar Pettiford – bass
* Shadow Wilson – drums
Disc Two #7-11
* Kenny Burrell – guitar
* Horace Silver – piano
* Hank Mobley – tenor saxophone
* Doug Watkins – bass
* Louis Hayes – drums
# Sędów, Opoczno County

Sędów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białaczów, within Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Harry Platt (footballer)

Harold Platt (11 December 1908 – 1993) was an English footballer who played as a wing half for Rochdale. He also played non-league football for various other clubs.
# Sławków, Łódź Voivodeship

Sławków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Regnów, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Raupp

Raupp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Karl Raupp (1837–1918), German painter
* Manfred G. Raupp (born 1941), German agricultural scientist and economist
* Roger Raupp (born 1963), American artist
* Valdir Raupp (born 1955), Brazilian politician
* Andrew B. Raupp American educationist
* Werner Raupp (born 1955), German historian of philosophy and theology
# Spassk operation

The Spassk operation (Russian: Спасская операция), also known as the storming of Spassk, was an attack by the People's Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the Far Eastern Republic (DVR) on the forces of the White Zemskaya Rat at Spassk. The attack took place between 7 and 9 October 1922 during the NRA's Primorsky operation to take control of Primorye, the last major operation of the Russian Civil War. During the operation, the NRA forces stormed Spassk, one of the major settlements of Primorye and an important center of resistance of the Zemskaya rat, clearing the path to Vladivostok.

## Background and planning

In 1921, Japanese troops built a strong fortified region on the approaches to Spassk, the main defenses of which consisted of seven field forts, joined by trenches and covered by three to five layers of barbed wire. The fortified region was defended by the Volga group of Major General Viktorin Molchanov, numbering more than 1,800 infantry and 700 cavalry with nine guns and 28 machine guns.
In late 1922, the NRA advanced into Primorye with the goal of destroying the Zemskaya Rat and taking Vladivostok. For the operation, the NRA command assigned the 2nd Priamur Rifle Division the mission of taking forts one and three. With up to 5,000 men, 22 guns and 200 machine guns, the division was split into two columns, one on the left and another on the right. The overwhelming numerical and equipment superiority of the Reds was strengthened by the help of partisans commanded by Mikhail Volsky, operating in the rear of the defenders.

## Operation

After the beginning of the offensive, the right column, led by 2nd Priamur Division commander Yakov Pokus, consisting of the 6th Khabarovsk Regiment and a battalion from the Separate Far Eastern Cavalry Brigade, two batteries and an armored train, attacked Fort No. 1 while the left column, led by Stepan Vostretsov with the 5th Amur and 4th Volochayevka Rifle Regiments and the Troitsko-Savsk Cavalry Regiment, the battalion of the junior commanders' school, and an armored train, attacked Fort No. 3. By the end of 8 October Soviet troops captured Fort No. 3, and on the next day together with partisans captured Fort No. 1 and other fortifications. Facing the threat of encirclement, the Spassk garrison abandoned the city. During the storming of Spassk the Whites lost more than 1,000 killed and wounded and roughly 300 captured. Red casualties were 187 killed and 420 wounded.
The success of the storming, which opened the way to Vladivostok, was credited to the massive concentration of forces of the NRA for the main attack and close cooperation with partisans. For their performance in the operation, Vostretsov, Pokus, and several other commanders were awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
# Słowik, Łódź Voivodeship

Słowik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Zgierz and 17 km (11 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Słupia-Pokora

Słupia-Pokora is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Taras, Łódź Voivodeship

Taras is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przedbórz, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Przedbórz, 34 km (21 mi) east of Radomsko, and 79 km (49 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Taraska

Taraska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Aleksandrów, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 61 km (38 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Ray Brown with the All-Star Big Band

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Ray Brown with the All-Star Big Band is a 1962 album by the jazz double bassist Ray Brown accompanied by a big band featuring the alto saxophonist Cannonball Adderley.

## Track listing

* "Work Song" (Nat Adderley) – 5:17
* "It Happened in Monterey" (Billy Rose, Mabel Wayne) – 3:06
* "My One and Only Love" (Robert Mellin, Guy Wood) – 3:56
* "Tricrotism" (Oscar Pettiford) – 3:54
* "Thumbstring" (Ray Brown) – 4:42
* "Cannon Bilt" (Brown) – 3:34
* "Two for the Blues" (Neal Hefti, Jon Hendricks) – 4:07
* "Day In, Day Out" (Rube Bloom, Johnny Mercer) – 2:49
* "Baubles, Bangles, & Beads" (Robert Wright, George Forrest) – 3:29

## Personnel

* Ray Brown – double bass, cello
* Cannonball Adderley – alto saxophone
* Sam Jones – double bass
* Budd Johnson, Earle Warren, Jerome Richardson, Seldon Powell, Yusef Lateef – woodwind
* Britt Woodman, Jimmy Cleveland, Melba Liston, Paul Faulise – trombone
* Clark Terry, Ernie Royal, Joe Newman, Nat Adderley – trumpet
* Tommy Flanagan – piano
* Osie Johnson – drums
* Al Cohn – arranger
* Ernie Wilkins – arranger, conductor
* Ray Hall – engineer
* Burt Goldblatt, Chuck Stewart – photography
* Jim Davis – producer
# Teodory

Teodory is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łask, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Łask and 29 km (18 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Teodorów, Łask County

Teodorów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzierady, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south-east of Wodzierady, 14 km (9 mi) north of Łask, and 23 km (14 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Samantha Scott

Samantha Jane Scott MNZM is a New Zealand theatre and television director. She established the Maidment Youth Theatre (now Massive Theatre Company) in 1991. In 2013 Scott was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to theatre.

## Early life and education

Scott grew up in Auckland, and attended Westlake Girls High School. Her great-grandmother was feminist and activist Miriam Soljak. Her grandmother, Miriam's daughter, was trade unionist and anti-abortion campaigner Connie Purdue. Scott's parents were involved in theatre, and her mother in local politics too, and as a teenager Scott joined Auckland Youth Theatre, run by Mark Wright, Alison Wall, Christian Penny and Anna Marbrook. While at school Scott had an exchange visit to Reading, Pennsylvania. She also trained at Ecole Philippe Gaulier in London.

## Career

Scott worked as director at Northland Youth Theatre before co-founding Maidment Youth Theatre in 1991. She was the artistic director at Maidment until 1997, when she founded Aotearoa Young People's Theatre. The Maidment Youth Theatre was originally for actors under 25, but transformed in Massive Theatre Company when actors started asking how to stay involved when they passed that age. Scott took the cast of Massive's production of The Sons of Charlie Paora to London and Paris. They were the first New Zealand company on stage at London's Royal Court Theatre. Massive Theatre Company celebrated its thirtieth anniversary in 2021. Scott set up a mentorship programme called The Directors’ Lab in 2015.
Scott has directed for television and film, and was director of the soap opera Shortland Street for ten years, beginning in the late 1990s. She also directed an award-winning short film, His Father’s Shoes, released in 2004.

## Honours and awards

Scott won the NEXT Woman of the Year: Arts & Culture award in 2019.
In the 2013 Queen's Birthday Honours she was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to theatre.

## Personal life

Scott's partner is actor and drama teacher Robert Pollock.
# Topola Królewska

Topola Królewska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyca, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Łęczyca and 38 km (24 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Topola Szlachecka

Topola Szlachecka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyca, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Łęczyca and 38 km (24 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Paik Too-chin

Paik Too-chin or Baek Du-jin (Korean: 백두진; October 7, 1908 – September 5, 1993) was a South Korean politician. He was acting prime minister until confirmed in office by the National Assembly on April 24, 1953, when he became the prime minister of South Korea.
# Rhythm in Mind

Rhythm in Mind is an album by saxophonist Steve Coleman, recorded in 1991 and released by Novus Records.

## Reception

The Toronto Star wrote that "the fluid emotional work of altoist Coleman headlines an octet gathering of post-bop conservatism, spacey odysseys and booting contributions from veterans Von Freeman on tenor and Tommy Flanagan on piano."
Scott Yanow of AllMusic stated: "The music is essentially a quirky version of straight-ahead jazz with generally strong solos from the diverse players, hints of Coleman's M-Base music, and some blues. Intriguing but not essential."
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Steve Coleman except as indicated
* "Slipped Again" (Thad Jones) - 6:50
* "Left of Center" - 8:16
* "Sweet Dawn" - 8:00
* "Pass It On" (Dave Holland) - 8:05
* "Vet Blues" - 10:20
* "Zec" (Thad Jones) - 9:06
* "Afterthoughts" (Kevin Eubanks) - 6:28

## Personnel

* Steve Coleman – alto saxophone
* Von Freeman – tenor saxophone
* Kenny Wheeler – trumpet, flugelhorn
* Kevin Eubanks – guitar
* Tommy Flanagan – piano
* Dave Holland – double bass
* Ed Blackwell – drums
* Marvin Smith – drums, percussion
# The Pregnant Man

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#REDIRECT The Pregnant Man and Other Cases from a Hypnotherapist's Couch
# Synspermiata

Synspermiata is a clade of araneomorph spiders, comprising most of the former "haplogynes". They are united by having simpler genitalia than other araneomorph spiders, lacking a cribellum, and sharing an evolutionary history of synspermia – a particular way in which spermatozoa are grouped together when transferred to the female.

## Synspermia

Spermatozoa are produced in a multi-step process. A primary spermatocyte with the full diploid number of chromosomes divides to form two secondary spermatocytes which are haploid, i.e., each has half the diploid number of chromosomes. Each secondary spermatocyte then divides to produce two spermatids which undergo further development to form spermatozoa. In synspermia, two or more spermatids from the same spermatocyte fuse together and are enclosed in an envelope, forming a "capsule". This contrasts with cleistospermia, where the capsules enclose individual spermatozoa. After transfer to the female in either form, decapsulation and activation are necessary before the resulting spermatozoa can fertilize eggs.

## Phylogeny

In 2014, Peter Michalik and Martín Ramírez published a study of the morphology of the reproductive system of male spiders, including their spermatozoa. They found a clade within haplogyne spiders, Synspermatia, characterized by the absence of a cribellum and the synapomorphy (shared derived character) of synspermia. Not all members of the clade exhibit synspermia, since it has evolved into cleistospermia multiple times and Telemidae have individually encapsulated sperm cells arranged in densely packed stacks.
A much larger molecular phylogenetic study published in 2016 also found Synspermatia to be a clade, grouping with the families Hypochilidae and Filistatidae at the base of Araneomorphae:

## Families

Families placed in Synspermiata are:
* Caponiidae
* Diguetidae
* Drymusidae
* Dysderidae
* Ochyroceratidae
* Oonopidae
* Orsolobidae
* Pacullidae
* Periegopidae
* Pholcidae
* Plectreuridae
* Scytodidae
* Segestriidae
* Sicariidae
* Telemidae
* Tetrablemmidae
* Trogloraptoridae

### Extinct families

†Eopsilodercidae
(Telemidae was not included in the analysis by Wheeler et al., but is placed in Synspermiata in other studies.