OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Racism in martial arts

Racism in martial arts has been a common allegation.

## Media portrayal

Some of this can be attributed to media portrayal of minority groups while giving the majority a primary role. Television shows such as Mighty Morphin Power Rangers have been called racist for alleged ethnic stereotyping; however, in the case of Power Rangers, African-American actor Walter Emanuel Jones attributed it to coincidence. The web television series Iron Fist, based on the comic book character of the same name, centers around a white protagonist who learns mystical Asian martial arts to fight crime, typically against Asian antagonists; the show's premise has drawn accusations of cultural appropriation, white savior narrative, Orientalism and yellow peril stereotyping. Movies such as The Forbidden Kingdom and Birth of the Dragon have drawn similar accusations as well.
Quite often the media would portray Asians as being proficient in martial arts while lacking other defining qualities. Ethnic groups and ethnic martial arts would be merged into one although they might be quite distinct. However, martial arts shows such as Into the Badlands and Warrior have been praised for avoiding and subverting stereotypes that have commonly plagued Asian martial artists in western media.

## Alleged instances

Bruce Lee stated that racism was widely practiced in martial arts in Hong Kong. Ron Duncan (an Afro-Panamanian), a founder of ninjitsu in America, discussed in detail the problems of racism in martial arts as he saw them. Duncan explained how he believes he was denied recognition by Black Belt magazine in favor of Stephen K. Hayes (who was white). The Black Karate Federation was formed by Steve Sanders and others seeking to have equal treatment of black fighters in karate tournaments. This included allegations of biased officiating in martial arts tournaments.

## Current times

Fighters such as Maurice Smith and Kevin Randleman were amongst the first black champions in MMA, but neither have received the media attention that fighters of other races have. Joe Rogan of the UFC has suggested that Jon Jones, a UFC light heavyweight champion, is not as popular as he could be due in large part to racism.
# Iloilo Provincial Capitol

The Iloilo Provincial Capitol is the seat of the provincial government of Iloilo in the Philippines. It is located on Bonifacio Drive in Iloilo City Proper, adjacent to the Casa Real de Iloilo, the former seat of the provincial government since the Spanish colonial period.

## History

The new Iloilo Provincial Capitol was built in 2006 after a 1998 fire of unknown origin severely damaged the Casa Real de Iloilo, the old capitol, destroying nearly half of the structure and leaving only the main building intact. The old capitol building has since been renovated and restored to its original design and now serves as a lobby and reception area for visiting guests and government dignitaries.
The new capitol building, upon its completion, is considered one of the most modern and largest capitol buildings in the Philippines.

## Architecture

The Iloilo Provincial Capitol was designed by Filipino architect Guillermo Hisancha. The capitol complex underwent redevelopment in 2019, including the building of a 6-storey with roof deck multilevel parking building; landscaping of the front of the Capitol building up to the Casa Real, or the Old Provincial Capitol; improvement of the grounds adjacent to the Western Visayas Regional Museum; and the improvement of the power station. The centerpiece of the redevelopment project is the mural titled "Panaysayun sang Paranublion." The two-meter by 15-meter mural, which depicts the rich culture and heritage of the province, was designed by architects Victor Jacinto, Ryan Angelo Braga, Kenneth Torre, and Jorge Cadiao Jr. It was sculpted by architects Margarette and Albert Pampliega.
# Bread and Authority in Russia

Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914—1921, is a history book by Lars T. Lih about the food crisis in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union (war communism).

## Description

In his controversial work, which was originally a PhD thesis of Lars Lih, he claims that the seven-year period he examined was the key to understanding the causes and course of the Russian Revolution. The book, containing eighteen tables, seventeen of which are in the final chapter, is intended for specialists and includes a bibliographic list useful for researchers of the Russian food crisis of the times of World War I and war communism.
# Mikko Hyytiä

Mikko Hyytiä (born July 12, 1981) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who played with JYP Jyväskylä in the SM-liiga during the 2000-01 season. He was selected by the Montreal Canadiens in the 8th round (225th overall) of the 1999 NHL Entry Draft.

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |
| IIHF World U18 Championships All-Star Team | 1999 |
# Teemu Rautiainen

Teemu Rautiainen (born March 13, 1992) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who currently plays with the GCK Lions of the Swiss League (SL). He previously played with Ilves of the Finnish Liiga.
Rautiainen played with HPK in the SM-liiga during the 2010–11 season.
# David Griffith (comics)

David "D.W." Griffith is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is depicted as an ally of Luke Cage.
The character was portrayed by Jeremiah Richard Craft in the television series Luke Cage set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

## Publication history

The character, created by Archie Goodwin and George Tuska, first appeared in Hero for Hire #2 (Aug. 1972).

## Fictional character biography

He operated the Gem Theater and rented out a room for Luke Cage when he needed a place to stay. Despite the theater being a constant source of destruction, Griffith remained a faithful friend to Cage mostly because he considered him his only friend. Griffith was also a film student and wanted to produce his own production company. When it seemed that he was going nowhere, Griffith attempted to commit suicide, but a mysterious stranger, implied to be Moon Knight, convinced him not to do himself in and be happy. His theater was used a base for the Mighty Avengers.

## In other media

Dave Griffith makes a recurring appearance on Luke Cage played by Jeremiah Richard Craft. He is black, as opposed to Caucasian like in the comics, and is usually seen on the streets attempting to sell bootleg recordings of "The Incident". Cage approached him on the street and asked that he use his eyes to inform him about the goings on. Despite some reluctance, Dave gave in, acting as an informant. He appears in the episode "You Know My Steez", filming the street fight between Cage and Willis Stryker. He returns in season 2 where he has set up a Luke Cage merchandise store within Pop's Barber Shop, much to Cage and Bobby Fish's chagrin. He follows Cage around by using the Harlem's Hero app and films his many exploits. Following Cage's defeat at the hands of Bushmaster, Griffith begins selling tapes of the fight, despite still admitting support for Cage. Griffith is also present when Danny Rand arrives to visit Cage and he even gets to see him briefly use his powers. While at a party, Griffith and his girlfriend Aisha Axton witness two friends of theirs reacting violently to a drug labeled 'Bushmaster' and inform Cage. When Cage makes a bid to act as the "sheriff" of Harlem, Griffith voices his concern. He ultimately decides to use the money he earned from his Luke Cage gift shop to buy Pop's Barber Shop stating that Harlem needs a Switzerland. He is last seen putting a "Help Wanted" sign up on the window.
# Juha-Pekka Pietilä

Juha-Pekka Pietilä (born April 30, 1991) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who played with Pelicans in the SM-liiga during the 2010–11 season.
# Teemu Metso

Teemu Metso (born August 23, 1985) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who played with Kärpät in the SM-liiga during the 2010–11 season.
# Carlos Felton

Carlos Eduardo Felton González (born 22 August 1958) is a Mexican politician from the National Action Party. From 2006 to 2009 he served as Deputy of the LX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Sinaloa.
# Zwierzchów

Zwierzchów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bełchatów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Bełchatów and 47 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Karl Gilg

Karl Gilg (20 January 1901, in Mankovice (Mankendorf), Austrian Silesia – 4 December 1981, in Kolbermoor, Bavaria) was a German chess International Master from Czechoslovakia.

## Biography

Gilg played for Czechoslovakia in several Chess Olympiads.
* In 1927, at second board in 1st Olympiad in London (+5 −3 =5);
* In 1928, at first board in 2nd Olympiad in The Hague (+5 −3 =4);
* In 1931, at second board in 4th Olympiad in Prague (+2 −3 =6), team bronze;
* In 1936, at fifth board in 3rd unofficial Olympiad in Munich (+8 −3 =5).
In tournaments, he won at Aussig 1923, won at Chabařovice 1924, tied for 1st-2nd at Broumov 1925, took 2nd at Breslau 1925 (B tourn), took 2nd at Dresden 1926 (B tourn), won at Ostrava 1926, tied for 1st-2nd with Borislav Kostić at Trenčianske Teplice 1926, and won, jointly with Heinrich Wagner, at Vienna 1926 (DSV Kongress). He tied for 14–15th at Semmering 1926, though defeating Alexander Alekhine in their individual game (Rudolf Spielmann won). In 1927, he tied for 7–8th in Kecskemét (Alekhine won).
In 1928, he won in Šumperk. In 1929, he took 20th in Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad; Aron Nimzowitsch won). In 1930, he won in Olomouc. In 1930, he tied for 3rd–5th in Štubnianske Teplice (Andor Lilienthal won). In 1933, he tied for 8–9th in Ostrava (Ernst Grünfeld won). In 1934, he tied for 1st-2nd with Hans Müller in Klosterneuburg. In 1934, he took 3rd in Bad Liebwerda (13th DSV Kongress; Salo Flohr won). In 1935, he won in Konstantinsbad (14th DSV Kongress). In 1937, he won in Teplice). In 1937, he took 7th in Prague (Paul Keres won).
In 1938, Gilg changed his citizenship to become German. That year he won in Gablonz, and tied for 4–5th in Bad Elster (Efim Bogoljubow won). In 1939, he took 3rd in Bad Oeynhausen (the 6th GER-ch; Erich Eliskases won). In 1940, he tied for 3rd–4th in Bad Oeynhausen (7th GER-ch; Georg Kieninger won), and took 9th at Kraków/Krynica/Warsaw (the 1st GG-ch, Bogoljubow and Anton Kohler won). In 1943, he tied for 6–7th in Vienna (10th GER-ch; Josef Lokvenc won).
After World War II, he lived in West Germany. In May 1949, he tied for 26–27th in Bad Pyrmont (3rd West GER-ch; Bogoljubow won). In 1951, he took 4th in Düsseldorf (GER-ch; Rudolf Teschner won). In 1953, he took 4th in Berlin (FRG-ch; Wolfgang Unzicker won). In 1954 and 1963, he won FRG Cup championships. Gilg played for Germany (FRG) in 1st European Team Championship at Vienna 1957, where, as first reserve, he scored 1/4 (+0 =2 −2).
In 1953, Gilg was awarded the International Master title.
# GURPS Russia

GURPS Russia is a role-playing game supplement by S. John Ross, published by Steve Jackson Games in 1998 for the GURPS (Generic Universal Role-Playing System) rule set.

## Description

This book enables gamemasters to design a GURPS campaign set in medieval Russia. Chapters include:
* Life in medieval Russia: Life in a Russian village, city life, social organizations, Cossaack society, notable locations, geography, and climate.
* Russians: Creating player characters, and equipping them.
* Russian history
* Religion
* Fantasy Russia: Various mythical locations, with descriptions of folklore, magic, and notable legendary figures
* Bestiary, including domestic, feral and supernatural creatures
* The Russian Campaign: How to design and implement a campaign setting in medieval Russia
Twelve ideas for adventures are also included, some using strictly historical background, others using mythical fantasy.

## Publication history

In the 2014 book Designers & Dragons: the '80s, game historian Shannon Appelcline noted that after Steve Jackson Games published the unusual In Nomine in 1997, SJG decided to try experimenting with GURPS: "GURPS Russia (1998), which released on February 28, was the most controversial experiment. Because retailers were unwilling to order a game on medieval Russia in more than token numbers, Jackson released GURPS Russia through a new 'straight line' program that made it available only through SJG's website. There was considerable anger and distress over this, from fans and retailers alike. As Jackson expected, the book did well, and it was later reprinted for release through the standard distribution network."$^{:49}$
GURPS Russia is a 128-page book designed by S. John Ross, with additional material provided by Romas Buivydas, Graeme Davis, Steffan O'Sullivan, and Brian J. Underhill, with interior art by Heather Bruton, Eric Hotz, and Ramon Perez, and cover art by Gene Seabolt. SJG published it in 1998.

## Reception

In the August 1998 edition of Dragon (Issue #250), Ray Winninger called this "quite a bit better than the average GURPS historical sourcebook." Winninger found some of the historical material dry, and suggested that replacing some of it with more material on "designing and running Russian campaigns would have made for a much better book." Despite this, he concluded that "GURPS Russia still boasts plenty of useful tidbits between its covers."

## Reviews

* Backstab #9
* Fishbaugh, Brent (July 1998). "GURPS Russia". InQuest. No. 39. Wizard Entertainment. p. 36.
# Active Channel

Active Channel was a technology introduced by Internet Explorer 4.0 in 1997. It allowed synchronizing website content and viewing it offline. It made use of the Channel Definition Format, which was designed to "offer frequently updated collections of information, or channels, from any web server for automatic delivery to compatible receiver programs."

## History

Microsoft unveiled the Active Channel component as part of an Internet Explorer 4.0 preview release in July 1997, and brought out the final version with the launch of the 4.0 browser in September that year.
Most Active Channels were provided by bigger entertainment and news companies like Disney, WB or AOL and also made heavy use of DHTML (Dynamic HTML). Channel defaults varied by country/region, and were controlled by the choice of country/region during the installation of Internet Explorer 4 (and therefore Windows 98). Channels could be displayed in a Channel Bar.
Active Channel support was removed from Internet Explorer in version 7, as it had been superseded by the more popular and standards-based RSS format.
# Janko Swanepoel

Janko Swanepoel (born 8 September 1999) is a South African professional rugby union player for the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup. His regular position is lock.
Swanepoel was named in the Blue Bulls side for their Round 5 match of the 2020–21 Currie Cup Premier Division against the Golden Lions. He made his debut in the same fixture, coming on as a replacement.

## Honours

* Currie Cup winner 2021
* Pro14 Rainbow Cup runner-up 2021
* United Rugby Championship runner-up 2021-22
# Marnus Potgieter

Marnus Potgieter (born 20 June 1999) is a South African rugby union player for the Sharks in the United Rugby Championship and in the Currie Cup. His regular position is centre or wing.
Potgieter was named in the Bulls squad for the Super Rugby Unlocked competition. He made his debut for the Blue Bulls in Round 2 of the 2020 Currie Cup Premier Division against the Free State Cheetahs.

## Honours

* Currie Cup winner 2020–21
# Fullara

Fullara is a temple-town in Labpur CD Block in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district in West Bengal in India. It is situated near Labhpur. Fullara is about 30 km. from its nearest town Bolpur Shantiniketan. There is no image or idol in the Garbha griha in the temple, rather, a large stone (the symbol of Devi Sati) is worshiped there. It is also one of 51 shakti peethas.

## History

According to the Hindu mythology, when Mahadeva danced around with Sati’s dead body cutting it to pieces, the LIPS fell at Fullara. There is a big pond beside the temple. According to hearsay, Hanuman collected 108 blue lotuses from the pond when Sri Ramachandra required them for the worship of goddess Durga. It is considered to be one of the fifty-one shakti peethas in India.

## Fair

A 10-day fair is organized near Fullara temple during Magh Purnima.
# HJ Luus

HJ Luus (born (1988-01-21)21 January 1988) is a South African rugby union player for the Griquas in the Currie Cup. His regular position is hooker.
Luus was named in the team for the first round of Super Rugby Unlocked against Bulls, making his debut in the process.
# Thaakir Abrahams

Thaakir Abrahams (born 10 January 2000) is a South African rugby union player, who plays for Munster Rugby. His regular position is wing or fullback.
Abrahams was named in the Sharks squad for both the 2020 Super Rugby season and the subsequent Super Rugby Unlocked competition. Abrahams made his Sharks debut in Round 1 of the Super Rugby Unlocked competition against the Lions.
Abrahams joined Lyon ahead of the 2023/24 Top 14 season. He also featured in Lyon's Champions Cup campaign, featuring in four of their five games, scoring five tries.
On 29 May 2024, it was announced that Abrahams had signed a two-year deal to join Munster for the 2024-25 season.
# Pelham Henwood

Pelham Henwood (born 22 May 1946) is a South African cricketer. He played in 79 first-class matches between 1965 and 1980. Henwood, a left-arm spin bowler, played for Natal. He was a member of the mixed team that played against the DH Robins XI when they toured in 1975.
# Kwenzo Blose

Kwenzokuhle Ndumiso Blose (born 12 May 1997) is a South African rugby union player for the Exeter Chiefs in the Premiership Rugby competition. His regular position is prop.
Blose made his Currie Cup debut for Western Province in July 2019, coming on as a replacement prop in their opening match of the 2019 season against the Blue Bulls.
On 20 August 2024, Blose would move to England as he signs for Exeter Chiefs in the Gallagher Premiership from the 2024-25 season.
# Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, 3rd Duke of Feria

Gómez Suárez de Figueroa y Córdoba, 3rd Duke of Feria (1 September 1587 – 1634) was a Spanish nobleman, diplomat and army commander during the 17th century.
He was the son of Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa y Córdoba, who he succeeded in 1607 as third Duke of Feria and second Marquis of Villalba (1604–1634). His mother was his father's third wife.
Don Gómez was known as the Gran Duque de Feria for his military skills. He can be considered as one of the last able military commanders of the Spanish Empire. He was also Viceroy of Valencia, Viceroy of Catalonia, Governor of Milan, state councilor, and special ambassador to Rome and France. He appointed Sebastian Francisco de Medrano, president of the Poetic Academy of Madrid, as his chaplain and treasurer. While leading the Army of Alsace, he died in 1634 in Munich from typhoid.
He first married Francisca Cardona y Córdoba, and later Ana Fernández de Córdoba y Figueroa, who gave him a son, Gaspar Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa y Córdoba (1629–1634). He became the fourth Duke of Feria and third Marquis of Villalba (1634), after the death of his father and grandfather. The boy died in the same year at the age of five. The title went to the boy's maternal grandfather, the Marquis of Priego.
Government offices :
| Preceded byThe Marquis of Caracena | Viceroy of Valencia 1615–1618 | Succeeded byThe Marquis of Tavara |
| Preceded byThe Marquis of Villafranca | Governor of the Duchy of Milan 1618–1625 | Succeeded byGonzalo Fernández de Córdoba |
| Preceded byThe Bishop of Solsona | Viceroy of Catalonia 1629–1630 | Succeeded byEnrique de Aragón |
| Preceded byThe Marquis of Santa Cruz | Governor of the Duchy of Milan 1631–1633 | Succeeded byThe Cardinal-Infante |
| Spanish nobility |||
| Preceded byLorenzo Suárez de Figueroa | Duke of Feria 1607–1634 | Succeeded byGaspar Suárez de Figueroa |
| Preceded byLorenzo Suárez de Figueroa | Marquis of Villalba 1604–1634 | Succeeded byGaspar Suárez de Figueroa |
# C/1932 Y1 (Dodwell–Forbes)

Comet Dodwell–Forbes, formally designated as C/1932 Y1, is a long-period comet discovered independently by Alexander F. I. Forbes and George F. Dodwell in late 1932. It was Dodwell's only comet discovery, while it was Forbes's third overall.

## Discovery and observations

The comet was the brightest of thirteen comets observed in 1932, when George F. Dodwell reported his discovery on 17 December 1932. However, it was soon realized that Alexander F. I. Forbes first spotted the comet from his 8 in (20 cm) reflector two days earlier. The comet was a 10th-magnitude object at the time of its discovery.
In 1949, it was speculated that comet Dodwell–Forbes and eight known others were members of a "Neptune-family" of comets based on their similar aphelia (85 AU) and orbital periods ranging between 235 and 300 years. However, it is now concluded that this comet family did not exist, and their apparent association with Neptune were a result of orbital resonances with Jupiter.
# C/1942 X1 (Whipple–Fedtke–Tevzadze)

C/1942 X1 (Whipple–Fedtke–Tevzadze) is a non-periodic comet discovered on 8 December 1942 by Fred Whipple and independently, on later days, by Carl Fedtke and G. A. Tevzadze.

## Observational history

Fred Whipple discovered the comet in patrol plates from Harvard College Observatory exposed on 8.24 December 1942. The comet was estimated to be magnitude 10. Whipple searched in other patrol plates for the comet and found it in 20 more plates, the earliest of which dated from 5 November. The comet was then magnitude 12. Carl Fedtke from Konigsberg discovered it independently on 11 December 1942, while, due to communications break-down during World War II, G. A. Tevzadze from Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Georgia, found the comet on 28 December without knowing it was already discovered.
In early January 1943 the comet was estimated to have an apparent magnitude of 6, while its tail was estimated to be about half a degree long. M. Beyer of Hamburg Observatory, Bergedorf, Germany, spotted the comet with the naked eye on 8 January, estimating its magnitude to be 5.5. The closest approach to Earth took place on 25 January 1943, at a distance of 0.43 AU. At that date its magnitude was estimated to be between 3.8 and 5 and its tail extended for 1.6 degrees. The perihelion was on 6 February 1943, at 1.35 AU. N. I. Tchudovitchev from Engelhardt Observatory photographed the comet revealing its tail was 6 degrees long.
The comet exhibited a sudden rise in magnitude on 21 February. On 24 February, its magnitude was estimated to be 3.2 to 3.95 and its tail extended for 6.5 degrees while its coma was 27 arcminutes across. The tail in photographs exhibited several knots in February and March. On 4 March, the magnitude of the comet was estimated to be between 4.2 and 5.1, on 15 March was estimated to be between 4.5 and 5.2, and on 30 March between 5.2 and 5.8. The tail extended for half a degree. Apart from the 24 February outburst, the apparent magnitude seen to rise above the expected also on 24 March, 23 April, 23 May and 21 June.
The comet continued to fade and on 29 April its magnitude was estimated to be between 6.7 and 7.2 and the tail was 0.6 degrees long. In early June its magnitude was about 9. It was last detected on 2 August 1943.

## Scientific results

The spectrum of the comet was obtained between 24 February and 9 March 1943. The comet exhibited strong cyanide (CN) and methylene (CH$_2$) lines, stronger than the diatomic carbon lines (Swan band), which were less intense than usual. The λ4315 band associated with methylidyne (CH) was also present, although weak. The λ3883 0-0 CN line was complex and could be resolved into individual lines.