OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St George's Anglican Grammar School

St George's Anglican Grammar School is an independent Anglican co-educational secondary day school, located at 50 William Street, in the Perth central business district, Western Australia.

## Overview

Students from Years 7 to 12 are accommodated in a middle school (Years 7 to 9) and senior school (Years 10 to 12). St George's Anglican Grammar School is a school of the Anglican Schools Commission (ASC). The school is Western Australia's first vertical school – one based in a high rise building rather than on a traditional campus.
St George's Anglican Grammar School opened in January 2015 as the 14th school of the Anglican Schools Commission. The ASC had acquired the independent Murdoch College, changed its name, and relocated it from the suburb of Murdoch.
In 2021, the school purchased a building at 441 Murray Street for a new campus. Construction to upgrade the building started in 2023 with students to start moving in 2025.
# Layer by Layer

The Layer by Layer method, also known as the beginners' method, is a method of solving the 3x3x3 Rubik's Cube. Many beginners' methods use this approach, and it also forms the basis of the CFOP speedcubing technique.

## History

The Layer by Layer Method was pioneered by David Singmaster in his 1980 book Notes on Rubik's "Magic Cube". The same idea was adopted by James G. Nourse in his The Simple Solution to Rubik's Cube which became the bestselling book of 1981, and similar approaches could be found in Don Taylor's Mastering Rubik's Cube and Cyril Östrop's Solving the Cube from the same era.

## Method

The method begins with the puzzle solver making a cross on one face with the edge pieces ensuring that all edge colours match the adjacent center colours (step 1 in the diagram below), then putting the corners into position between the edges (step 2). The first layer is then complete. In step 3, the four edge pieces of the middle layer are solved. At this point the first two layers are solved. In step 4, a cross of the opposite color is made on the last layer. For step 5, the last layer edges are permuted (swapped around). In step 6, the last layer corners are permuted. Finally, the last layer corners are oriented.
Most Layer by Layer beginners' methods solve the first two layers using the same technique. However, there are many variant techniques for the final layer, depending on whether the corner or edge pieces are solved first. For example:
* Top layer "white cross": F' U L' U' or F R U R' U' F'
* Top layer left corner: D L D' L’ / right corner: D' R' D R
* Second layer right edge: U R U' R' U' F' U F / Left edge: U' L' U L U F U' F'
* Final layer cross (edge orientation): F R U R' U' F'
* Final layer edge permutation: R U R' U R U2 R'
* Final layer corner orientation: U R U' L' U R' U' L
* Final layer corner permutation: R' D' R D

## CFOP method

The CFOP speedcubing technique, developed by Jessica Fridrich and others in the 1980s, similarly divides the puzzle into layers to be solved. However, the method uses far more algorithms than the beginners' methods, making it harder to learn, but faster to execute once mastered.
# Wilfried Hanke

Wilfried Hanke (23 September 1901 – ?) was a German violinist and music educator.

## Life

Hanke came from the Bohemian city of Levín in the then Austria-Hungary.
He joined the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra in 1927 under the principal conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler. In 1932/33 he was an active member of the orchestra, finally as second concertmaster. In 1931 he was also a member of the Bayreuth Festival Orchestra, which was conducted by Furtwängler at the time. On 1 January 1934, Hanke became first concertmaster at the Hamburg State Theatre. In 1934 the Philharmonic Orchestra and the City Theatre Orchestra merged to form the Philharmonisches Staatsorchester Hamburg, where he was also concertmaster. He played with the conductors Eugen Jochum, Joseph Keilberth and Wolfgang Sawallisch.
From 1938 to 1943 he was primarius of the Hanke Quartet in Hamburg. He played with Rudolf Prick (2nd violin), Fritz Lang (viola) and Rudolf Metzmacher and Bernhard Günther (violoncello). Together with Carl Seemann (piano) and Atis Teichmannis (cello), he performed in the Seemann Trio. He was soloist among others at the premiere of Willy Czernik's Violin Concerto in A minor (with the Staatsorchester Braunschweig) and by Rudolf von Oertzen's Symphonischer Dialog for solo violins and orchestra (conducted by Wolfgang Sawallisch). Furthermore, in 1941 he conducted in Hamburg Conventgarten [de] the premiere of Helmut Paulsen's Sonata for violin and piano (with the composer).
From the 1950s he was also professor of violin at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg.

## Literature

* Gerassimos Avgerinos: Künstler-Biographien: die Mitglieder im Berliner Philharmonischen Orchester von 1882–1972. self edited, Berlin 1972, p. 62.
# Catherine Storr

Catherine Storr, Lady Balogh (née Catherine Cole; 21 July 1913 – 8 January 2001,) was an English children's writer, best known for her novel Marianne Dreams and for a series of books about a wolf ineptly pursuing a young girl, beginning with Clever Polly and the Stupid Wolf. She also wrote under the name Helen Lourie.

## Life

She was born in Kensington, London, one of three children of a barrister, Arthur Frederick Andrew Cole (1883–1968), and his wife, Margaret Henrietta, born Gaselee (1882–1971). One of her brothers was Hugo Cole, the composer and music critic. She attended St Paul's Girls' School, where she was taught music by Gustav Holst and became the school's organist. She went on to study English literature at Newnham College, Cambridge, and at first pursued a career as a novelist without success. Without giving up this ambition, she studied medicine, qualifying as a doctor in 1944. From 1950 to 1963 she acted as a Senior Medical Officer in the Department of Psychological Medicine at the Middlesex Hospital. Afterwards, while regularly producing children's books, she also worked as an editorial assistant for Penguin Books from 1966 to the early 1970s.
She had met the psychiatrist and author Anthony Storr (1920–2001) during her training and married him in 1942. They had three daughters, Sophia, Polly and Emma, but divorced in 1970. She later married the economist Lord Balogh (1905–1985).
Storr continued writing novels into her eighties. She died at her London flat in January 2001.

## Work

Unusually among the leading children's writers of her time, much of her work was for younger children, at the start of their reading, notably the series of stories about Polly and the wolf, which were written for her daughter, Polly. The stories, starting with the collection Clever Polly and the Stupid Wolf (1955), feature a wolf trying to catch a little girl: the wolf, himself a fairy tale figure, takes his always impractical subterfuges from fairy tales, but is outmatched by Polly every time.
A novel for slightly older children Marianne Dreams (1958) is more disturbing: a young girl, being tutored at home during sickness, travels in dreams to the house she has drawn while awake and meets there another pupil of her tutor; in a moment of jealousy she draws stones with eyes around the house to keep him prisoner and must then undo her actions. It was made into the TV series Escape Into Night and the film Paperhouse; Storr was not fond of the latter, and particularly disliked the ending.
Storr's books often involve confronting fears, even in the lighthearted Polly stories, and she was aware that she wrote frightening stories. On the subject, she writes: "We should show them that evil is something they already know about or half know. It's not something right outside themselves and this immediately puts it, not only into their comprehension, but it also gives them a degree of power".
An opera for schools, Flax into Gold: The Story of Rumpelstiltskin (1957), was written in collaboration with her brother, the composer Hugo Cole. She wrote two series of the ATV series Starting Out (1973 and 1976), made to be shown in schools.
# Maine Marathon

The Gorham Savings Bank Maine Marathon, formerly known as the Casco Bay Marathon, is a series of USATF-certified road running events held each October in Portland, Maine that includes a full marathon, a half marathon, and a marathon relay. The course is an out-and-back that starts and finishes along the Back Cove of Portland, going up the coast to Yarmouth and back.

## History

From 1978 through 1987, the event was known as the Casco Bay Marathon.
The 2012 race was held on Sept. 30, and the 2013 event was held on Oct. 6.
The 2020 in-person edition of the race was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic, with all registrants given the option of running the race virtually (and obtaining a partial refund), transferring their entry to 2021, or obtaining a full refund.

## Winners

| Year | Male | Country/State | Time | Female | Country/State | Time |
| 2005 | Frongillo, MatthewMatt Frongillo | United States Bar Harbor, ME | 2:41:34 | Liming, BrennanBrennan Liming | United States Apex, NC | 3:11:22 |
| 2006 | Decker, ByrneByrne Decker | United States Yarmouth, ME | 2:30:25 | Parrot, DanaDana Parrot | United States Tampa, FL | 2:53:54 |
| 2007 | Vassallo, DanDan Vassallo | United States Wilmington, MA | 2:26:54 | Crawford, StephanieStephanie Crawford | United States Framingham, MA | 3:01:16 |
| 2008 | Siemers, ArtArt Siemers | United States Golden, CO | 2:28:24 | Pagano, HeatherHeather Pagano | United States Portland, ME | 3:06:54 |
| 2009 | Adler, JeremyJeremy Adler | United States New York, NY | 2:38:57 | Goodfellow, HeatherHeather Goodfellow | Canada Halifax, Nova Scotia | 2:59:16 |
| 2010 | Adler, JeremyJeremy Adler | United States New York, NY | 2:36:35 | Jorgensen, JenniferJennifer Jorgensen | United States Glastonbury, CT | 3:00:55 |
| 2011 | Graves, EvanEvan Graves | United States Caribou, ME | 2:36:53 | Crawford, StephanieStephanie Crawford | United States Dover, NH | 3:07:08 |
| 2020 | cancelled due to coronavirus pandemic | cancelled due to coronavirus pandemic | cancelled due to coronavirus pandemic | cancelled due to coronavirus pandemic | cancelled due to coronavirus pandemic | cancelled due to coronavirus pandemic |
| 2021 | Terry, JacobJacob Terry | United States Scarborough, ME | 2:25:27 | Hamilton, AbbyAbby Hamilton | United States Yarmouth, ME | 2:39:38 |
| 2022 | Eiler, RyanRyan Eiler | United States Boston, MA | 2:19:19 | Gaudrault, LilaLila Gaudrault | United States Cape Elizabeth, ME | 2:52:17 |
| 2023 | Brandon Talisesky | United States New York, NY | 2:34:52 | Emma Howe | United States Cambridge, MA | 2:48:54 |
| 2024 | Ryan Jara | Gorham | 2:21:09 | Jenise Madden | Osterville, MA | 2:53:32 |
# AFC Fortuna Poiana Câmpina

Fortuna Poiana Câmpina was a Romanian football club from Poiana Câmpina, Prahova County founded in 2010. The team was dissolved in the summer of 2015.

## History

It was founded in the summer of 2012 under the name of Fortuna Brazi after a merger between Prahova 2010 Tomșani and Chimia Brazi. On August 2, 2013, it was announced that the club was moved from Brazi to Poiana Câmpina and changed its name from Fortuna Brazi to Fortuna Poiana Câmpina.
At the end of the 2013–14 Liga III season, the team gained promotion to Liga II, for the first time in their history.

## Honours

Liga III:
* Winners (1): 2013–14
* Runners-up (1): 2012–13

## Notable former players

* Csaba Borbély
* Cristian Danci
* Bogdan Șandru
* Andrei Antohi

## Former managers

* Octavian Grigore (2012–2013)
* Laurențiu Diniță (2013)
* Mugurel Cornățeanu (2013)
* Edward Iordănescu (2013)
* Eusebiu Tudor (2014)
# HDMS Lossen (1684)

Lossen was a frigate built for the navy of Denmark–Norway at Isegran, Fredrikstad, Norway, and launched in 1684.
Lossen was wrecked during the Christmas storm of 1717, outside the island Vesteroyen (in norwegian Vesterøy) in Hvaler, Norway. Nearly half of the crew of 103 perished.
The wreck was found in 1963, and explored by the Norwegian Maritime Museum in 1967, 1968, and 1974.
# 1943 in China

Events in the year 1943 in China. The country had an estimated population of 444,801,000 in the mainland and 6,507,000 in Taiwan.

## Incumbents

* President: Lin Sen (until 1 August), Chiang Kai-shek (from 1 August)
* Premier: Chiang Kai-shek
* Vice Premier: Kung Hsiang-hsi

## Events

* Continuing Chinese famine of 1942-43
* January 11 — Conclusion of the Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China
* January 11 — Signing of the Sino-American Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China
* May 9–12 — Changjiao massacre
* May 12 – June 3 — Battle of West Hubei
* May 20 — Ratification and entry into force of the Sino-British Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extra-Territorial Rights in China
* May — Ratification and entry into force of the Sino-American Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China
* Disestablishment of the United States Court for China
* August 18 — Start of the Linnan Campaign
* 2 November - 20 December — Battle of Changde
* Opening of the Sup'ung Dam, in Liaoning

## Births
### March

* March 26 — Sanmao, Taiwanese writer and translator (d. 1991)
* Pan Wuyun, linguist

### May

* May 10 — Liu Chao-shiuan, Taiwanese educator and politician

### June

* June 7 — Chan Hung-lit, Hong Kong actor (d. 2009)
* June 22 — Xu Caihou, former Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission (d. 2015)

### July

* July 1 — Liu Jingnan, geodesist and educator
* July 10 — Michael Chan, Hong Kong actor and martial artist

### October

* October 1 — He Guoqiang, 10th Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
* October 15 — Xi Murong, writer and painter
* October 22 — Zuo Dabin, actress and educator

### November

* November 4 — Mao Peiqi, historian
* November 22 — Xie Shengwu, physicist
* November 25 — Wang Fuchun, photographer and railway worker (d. 2021)

### December

* December 1 — Guo Ruilong, football coach and former player
* December 14 — Fang Chengguo, senior banker (d. 2009)

### Unknown dates

* Abdurehim Haji Amin, politician and accountant (d. 2011)

## Deaths

* January 24 — Lü Bicheng, writer, activist, newspaper editor, poet and school founder (b. 1883)
* August 1 — Lin Sen, 3rd Chairman of the Nationalist Government (b. 1868)
* September 9 — Li Shiqun, politician (b. 1905)
* September 20 — Jiang Chaozong, general (b. 1861)
* September 27
** Mao Zemin, younger brother of Mao Zedong (b. 1896)
** Chen Tanqiu, politician and founding member of the Chinese Communist Party (b. 1896)
* December 13 — Gong Xinzhan, politician (b. 1871)

### Dates unknown

* Gao Enhong, politician (b. 1875)
# Manifesto Antropófago

The Anthropophagic Manifesto (Portuguese: Manifesto Antropófago), also variously translated as the Cannibal Manifesto or the Cannibalist Manifesto, is an essay published in 1928 by the Brazilian poet and polemicist Oswald de Andrade, a key figure in the cultural movement of Brazilian Modernism and contributor to the publication Revista de Antropofagia. It was inspired by "Abaporu," a painting by Tarsila do Amaral, modernist artist and wife of Oswald de Andrade. The essay was translated to English in 1991 by Leslie Bary;

## Content

Written in poetic prose in the modernist style of Une Saison en Enfer by Rimbaud, the Manifesto Antropófago is more directly political than Oswald's previous manifesto, Manifesto Pau-Brasil, which was created in the interest of propagating a Brazilian poetry for export. The "Manifesto" has often been interpreted as an essay in which the main argument proposes that Brazil's history of "cannibalizing" other cultures is its greatest strength, while playing on the modernists' primitivist interest in cannibalism as an alleged tribal rite. Cannibalism becomes a way for Brazil to assert itself against European post-colonial cultural domination.
One of the Manifesto's iconic lines, written in English in the original, is "Tupi or not Tupi, that is the question." The line is simultaneously a celebration of the Tupi, who practiced certain forms of ritual cannibalism (as detailed in the 16th century writings of André Thévet, Hans Staden, and Jean de Léry), and a metaphorical instance of cannibalism: it eats Shakespeare. On the other hand, some critics argue that Antropofagia as a movement was too heterogeneous for overarching arguments to be extracted from it, and that often it had little to do with a post-colonial cultural politics.

## Influences

In the 1960s, introduced to the work of Oswald de Andrade by concrete poet Augusto de Campos, both visual artist Hélio Oiticica and musician Caetano Veloso saw the Manifesto as a major artistic influence on the Tropicália movement. Veloso has stated, "the idea of cultural cannibalism fit us, the tropicalists, like a glove. We were ‘eating’ the Beatles and Jimi Hendrix." On the 1968 album Tropicalia: ou Panis et Circensis, Gilberto Gil and Torquato Neto explicitly refer to the Manifesto in the song "Geléia geral" in the lyric "a alegria é a prova dos nove" (happiness is the proof of nines), which they follow with "e a tristeza é teu porto seguro" (and sadness is your safe harbor).
In 1990, Brazilian visual artist Antonio Peticov created a mural in honour of what would have been Andrade's 100th birthday. Momento Antropofágico com Oswald de Andrade was installed in the São Paulo Metro's Republica station. It was inspired by three of Andrade's works: O Perfeito Cozinheiro das Almas deste Mundo, Manifesto Antropofágico, and O Homem do Povo.
# Le Monde Chico

Le Monde Chico is the debut studio album by French cloud rap duo PNL. It was released on 30 October 2015 through the duo's own QLF Records. The album was preceded by the singles "Plus Tony que Sosa", "Le monde ou rien", "J'suis PNL", "Dans ta rue", "Oh lala" and "Tempête".

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | 3× Platinum | 300,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Gopal Ghose

Gopal Ghose (5 December 1913 – 30 July 1980) was an Indian painter from West Bengal. In 1943, he was one of the founders of the Calcutta Group, perhaps the first group of modernist painters in India.

## Life and career

Ghose was born in Calcutta, West Bengal on 5 December 1913. After obtaining a diploma in painting from the Government College of Arts and Crafts, Jaipur in 1935, he trained in sculpture at the Government College of Art and Crafts, Chennai in 1938, where he studied under Debi Prasad Roy Choudhuri.
Initially influenced by the Bengal School, Ghose was drawn to the pictorial vocabulary developed by European Expressionists and Cubists to depict nature. Ghose reworked the genre of landscape painting, investing it with expressionistic qualities. He travelled extensively within India to paint his landscapes. Ghose was adept with several mediums, and known especially for his ingenious handling of watercolour. He also worked with tempera, pen and ink, and brush and pastel.
He was one of the founder members of the well-known Calcutta Group (1943). Ghose taught at the Indian Society of Oriental Art, in Kolkata from 1940 to 1945 and then joined the faculty of the Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur (then affiliated with the University of Calcutta), where he taught architectural drawing. He was also the joint secretary of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kolkata.
His works can be seen at the Birla Academy of Art & Culture, Kolkata, and the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.
He died on 30 July 1980.

## Exhibitions

* The Chromatic Image - Gopal Ghose at Akar Prakar, New Delhi. (2017)
* Gopal Ghose: A Jubilant Quest for the Chromatic at NGMA, New Delhi in association with Akar Prakar. Curated by Sunjoy Kumar Mallik (2012)
# Herdmanston House

Herdmanston House was a castle and later tower house located in the parish of Saltoun, East Lothian in Scotland.
The lands of Herdmanston were held by the St Clair/Sinclair family from the 12th century, when Henry St Clair received a grant of lands of Herdmanston, from Richard de Morville, Constable of Scotland. Described as an L-plan 16th-century tower house, incorporating an earlier building. The tower was seized by Lord Gray of Wilton in 1548.
The house was demolished on 31 May 1969, after the house had been declared unsafe and uninhabitable after use by the military during the Second World War. A gate pillar remains at the site.
Nearby are located the remains of the 13th century chapel, dedicated to St John the Evangelist and the vault of the Sinclair family.
# Mparo Royal Tombs

Mparo Royal Tombs also Mparo tombs is a historical royal burial site for Omukama Kabalega II and kings and royals of Bunyoro-Kitara kingdom. The tombs cover six acres of land.

## Location

Mparo royal tombs is located along the Hoima-Masindi highway in Mparo village, Mparo division approximately 4kmnortheastst of Hoima town in Hoima district, Western Uganda.

## Structure

In Front of the tombs is a white and black painted cone-shaped monument built when Sir Emin Pasha met Kabalega in 1871 for the first time to tell him accept British rule. It is made of 12 steps upward.
The Mparo royal tombs is a round-grass thatched huts with reeds having wooden doors guarded by royal guards.
Bunyoro-Kitara kingdom has various royal sites each occupying eight square mile of land. Some of the tombs found in these sites include the Kabalega tomb, Tito Winyi tomb who was the father of Omukama Solomon Gafabusa and others.

## Historical significance

The Mparo royal tombs are burial grounds for various royal figures in the Bunyoro-Kitara kingdom. The tombs houses the remains of Omukama Chwa II Kabalega who ruled Bunyoro kingdom in the 19th century. Omukama Kabalega II was exiled to Seychelles in April 1899 by British Empire for resisting colonial rules.
The Mparo royal tombs is also the final resting place for the remains of Sir Tito Winyi, father to the Omukama Solomon Gafabusa Iguru I, current Omukama. It's also burial grounds for the princess, princesses and other royals of Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom.

## Cultural significance

The remains of Kabalega are kept in a traditional mausoleum covered with bark cloth. Each tomb at Mparo royal tombs is covered with a bark-cloth next to the royal regalia and other cultural belongings of the respective kings which he used during his regime.
The Mparo royal tombs are tourist attractions having ancients instruments such as smoking pipes, clay pots, milk and water containers, baskets, wooden bowls, sticks, drums, spears, shields, wooden stools and coffee berries.
People visit the Mparo royal tombs to perform cultural rituals and also to pay homage to the former kings and pray for inspiration, and blessings from the spirits Omukama Kabalega and other kings.
The tombs also houses the bronze and iron spears got from the Chwezi and Babito dynasties, the cone-shaped crowns, flutes and necklaces used by the rulers of chwezi dynasty.

## Taboo

People visiting the tombs are not allowed to enter with shoes, he or she should not have engaged in extramarital affairs the night prior visiting. Girls/women who are undergoing menstruations periods are not allowed to enter. Also for one to step into the tombs, your required to confess his/her sins.

## Rehabilitation

in 2009, the tombs were rehabilitated by Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF) in preparation for the Heroes day celebration in June 2009 which were hosted by the Bunyoro kingdom. The soldiers renovated the traditional huts and tombs inside the Bunyoro empire and also constructed the perimeter wall replacing the reed fence with a perimeter wall of concrete and bricks.