OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frederick William Hall (academic)

Frederick William Hall (3 December 1867 – 11 October 1933) was an English classical scholar and academic who served as President of St John's College, Oxford, from 18 December 1931 until his death in 1933.
Hall was born in Stoke Newington, the only son of banker William Hall of the London and County Bank. He was educated at St Paul's School, London and read classics at Trinity College, Oxford. He earned his B.A.in 1890 and took first-class honours in Classical Moderations (1888) and Literae Humaniores (1890). In 1893, Westminster School headmaster William Gunion Rutherford appointed him to a mastership. In 1897, he was elected a Fellow of St John's, Oxford and appointed a Lecturer in Classics. He published the important book Companion to Classical Texts (1913) and was a contributor to an updated edition of Liddell and Scott, and to periodicals Classical Review and Classical Quarterly, and was editor of the latter from 1911–30. He was recognised as an authority on Plautus.
In 1932, he earned a D.Litt. from St John's. He died unmarried in a London nursing home following complications from surgery, at age 65.
# Tuomas Vartiainen

Tuomas Vartiainen (born May 8, 1996) is a Finnish professional ice hockey right winger currently playing for IPK on loan from KalPa.
Vartiainen previously played for Kärpät, making his debut for the team on September 29, 2016 against HPK. He went on to play 11 games during the 2016–17 Liiga season and 12 games during the 2017–18 Liiga season. He also played seven games on loan at Jukurit during the 2017–18 season.
Vartiainen joined IPK of Mestis on May 11, 2018. On April 12, 2019, he received a try-out with IPK's parent club KalPa alongside Julius Rantaeskola. On September 23, 2019, the team announced that both Vartiainen and Rantaeskola would remain until the end of the season.
# Obliteration by incorporation

In sociology of science, obliteration by incorporation (OBI) occurs when at some stage in the development of a science, certain ideas become so universally accepted and commonly used that their contributors are no longer cited. Eventually, its source and creator are forgotten ("obliterated") as the concept enters common knowledge (is "incorporated"). Obliteration occurs when "the sources of an idea, finding or concept, become obliterated by incorporation in canonical knowledge, so that only a few are still aware of their parentage".

## Concept

The concept was introduced by Robert K. Merton in 1949, although some incorrectly attribute it to Eugene Garfield, whose work contributed to the popularization of Merton's theory. Merton introduced the concept of "obliteration by incorporation" in the 1968 enlarged edition of his landmark work Social Theory and Social Structure (pp. 28, 35). Merton also introduced the less known counterpart to this concept, adumbrationism, meaning the attribution of insights, ideas or analogies absent from original works.
In the process of "obliteration by incorporation", both the original idea and the literal formulations of it are forgotten due to prolonged and widespread use, and enter into everyday language (or at least the everyday language of a given academic discipline), no longer being attributed to their creator.
Thus they become similar to common knowledge. Merton notes that this process is much more common in highly codified fields of natural sciences than in social sciences. It can also lead to ignoring or hiding the early sources of recent ideas under the claims of novelty and originality. Allan Chapman notes that 'obliteration by incorporation' often affects famous individuals, to whom attribution becomes considered as obvious and unnecessary, thus leading to their exclusion from citations, even if they and their ideas have been mentioned in the text. Marianne Ferber and Eugene Garfield concur with Chapman, noting that obliteration often occurs when the citation count and reputation of an affected scientist have already reached levels much higher than average.
The obliteration phenomenon is a concept in library and information science, referring to the tendency for truly ground-breaking research papers to fail to be cited after the ideas they put forward are fully accepted into the orthodox world view. For example, Albert Einstein's paper on the theory of relativity is rarely cited in modern research papers on physical cosmology, despite its direct relevance.

## Examples

Many terms and phrases were so evocative that they quickly suffered the fate of 'obliteration by incorporation'. Examples include:
* double helix structure of DNA, introduced by James D. Watson and Francis Crick
* periodic table of elements, introduced by Dmitri Mendeleev
* self-fulfilling prophecy, introduced by Robert K. Merton
* role model, introduced by Robert K. Merton
* deconstruction, introduced by Jacques Derrida
# Nowa Wojska

Nowa Wojska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rawa Mazowiecka, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Rawa Mazowiecka and 49 km (30 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Gaurė Eldership

The Gaurė Eldership (Lithuanian: Gaurės seniūnija) is an eldership of Lithuania, located in the Tauragė District Municipality. In 2021 its population was 1959.
# The Leap (How I Met Your Mother)

"The Leap" is the 24th and final episode of season 4 of the How I Met Your Mother TV series and 88th overall. It originally aired on May 18, 2009.

## Plot

As Ted pulls an all-nighter in an attempt to win his firm a contract, Marshall attempts to lure Ted to the roof for a surprise 31st birthday party. An upset Marshall attempts to jump from their apartment roof to the neighboring building's roof (beautifully furnished with a hot tub), about seven feet away, but fails to get the courage to jump like previous times. Lily tries to dissuade him by falsely claiming that she is pregnant, resulting in Marshall saying that he noticed Lily gaining weight, and Lily storming off afterwards.
While Ted is hard at work, the goat scuttles through the apartment. After Ted repeatedly takes a wash-cloth away from the animal, the goat mauls Ted, and he is sent to the hospital. When he shows up to his restaurant design meeting, his clients decide to go with Swedish avant-garde architecture collective Sven, instead of him.
Barney decides to confess his feelings for Robin, but before he can say anything, she says that she loves him. He quickly reacts by saying they should just be friends, and picks up a random girl at the party. Lily then tells him that Robin overheard him using a suit analogy to ask for Ted's blessing to pursue her, and was worried about what to do. She discussed it with Lily and Marshall (who reveal they had known for months), who advised her to "Mosby" Barney, telling him she loves him right away, just like Ted did. A disappointed Barney confronts Robin at the hospital. She admits to "Mosbying" him, but then tries to do it again, until the two confess their complicated feelings for each other and kiss. After this, they decide to discuss it later.
Lily tells Ted that maybe he should just "take the leap" and do what the world seems to want him to do, Marshall takes the advice literally, and leaps from the roof to the other building, followed by the rest of the gang. Cheered on by his friends, Ted makes the leap to the other building alongside them and later accepts the professor job at the University. Future Ted reveals to his kids that the Mother was a student at the first class he taught there.

## Production

This episode was filmed out of order in order to allow Alyson Hannigan, who was about to begin her maternity leave, to appear.

## Critical response

Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club graded the episode B+.
"Prophets" by A.C. Newman features at the start and the end of the episode. Greg Chow on the Rolling Stone website complimented the song choice, describing it as a "transitional [song] of triumph" which "pretty much sums up Ted in a nutshell". It was also mentioned in an article in The Hollywood Reporter.
# Germana Dominici

Germana Dominici (1 December 1946 – 3 January 2024) was an Italian actress and voice actor.

## Biography

Born in Palermo on 1 December 1946, Dominici was the second child of actor Arturo Dominici. She began her career at the Cooperativa Doppiatori Cinematografici [it] in the 1960s and joined the dubbing company Gruppo Trenta in 1982. As a voice actress, she dubbed over the likes of Bette Midler, Kim Novak, Laura Gemser, Vanessa Redgrave, Fernanda Montenegro, and Dalila Di Lazzaro. She retired in 2012.
Dominici was the wife of film director Enrico Bomba with whom she had a daughter, Federica. She was the aunt of voice actress Lilli Manzini and impersonator Francesca Manzini [it].
Germana Dominici died in Rome on 3 January 2024, at the age of 77.

## Filmography
### Film

* Black Sunday (1960)
* The Seventh Grave (1965)
* Mondo pazzo... gente matta! [it] (1966)
* Mi vedrai tornare (1966)
* Il nano e la strega (1973) - voice
* How to Seduce Your Teacher (1979)
* Il ragazzo del Pony Express (1986)
* Intervista (1987)
* Sentimental Maniacs (1994)

### Television

* Nella vita di Sylvia Plath [it] (1980)
# James Forbes (portrait painter)

James Forbes (1 October 1797, Peterhead, Scotland - 25 March 1881, Plainwell, Michigan) was a Scottish portrait painter who later moved and worked in the United States.

## Biography

His artistic education is not a matter of record. He originally worked in Aberdeen, where he was also an art teacher. John Phillip was among his best known students. In 1824, he married Mary Waters (1797-1853). They had eight children. Their eldest, Mary Forbes, also became a portrait painter.
He produced numerous portraits of famous men in that area of Scotland, including the poet William Thom and the folklorist Peter Buchan. During the 1850s, he exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy, the Royal Academy in London and the British Institution.
In 1859, despite his great success there, he and his six surviving children emigrated to the United States and settled in Chicago. He is believed to have left there sometime in 1868, although there is evidence that he maintained a studio that was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire. Either way, he seems to have been induced to relocate to Indiana by his friendship with Col. Henry F. Blount (1829-1917), who owned a plow factory in Evansville and may have been a source for commissions.

## Works

His first portrait was of Mayor William H. Baker (1813-1872), which led to a meeting with Governor Conrad Baker, the Mayor's brother. This resulted in a commission to paint official portraits of six Indiana Governors; three posthumous (Jonathan Jennings, Ratliff Boon and James Whitcomb), three from life (Baker, Paris Dunning and Oliver Morton).
Later, he bought a farm near Kalamazoo from his brother John, where he lived with his daughter Mary and her husband William until his death in 1881.
# Austen Smith

Austen Jewell Smith (born July 23, 2001) is an American sports shooter and Olympian. She holds a silver and bronze medal in skeet from the 2024 Paris Olympics, alongside a gold medal from the 2021 ISSF World Cup Shotgun held in Lonato, Italy.
She was the youngest member of the US Olympic shooting team for the 2020 Summer Olympics. On August 4, 2024, she won the bronze medal in the women's skeet event at the 2024 Summer Olympics. Francisca Crovetto Chadid won the gold, beating the British Amber Rutter in a tiebreaker at the Chateauroux Shooting Center. She also won silver in the Mixed skeet event alongside Vincent Hancock.
# Latiume Fosita

Latiume Junior Fosita (born 25 July 1992) is a Tonga rugby union player who currently plays as a utility back for Auckland in the Mitre 10 Cup and the Tonga national rugby union team.

## Career

Fosita started his career with a surprise move from Auckland to South Africa where he turned out for Wits University in the 2013 Varsity Cup tournament. However, the move west didn't work out as planned and he played only 2 games before heading back to New Zealand. He linked up with Northland ahead of the 2013 ITM Cup, the move had teething problems for both parties as the Taniwha endured a disappointing campaign and Fosita only made 1 appearance. 2014 was more fruitful with Fosita making 10 appearances and Northland showing a much improved performance.

## International career

Fosita made his international debut for Tonga on 9 November 2013 in a match against Romania in Bucharest and has since established himself as a regular member of the side.
While he was initially not selected for the 2019 Rugby World Cup squad, he was selected as a replacement for Kurt Morath.
# Cranioschisis

Cranioschisis (Greek: κρανιον kranion, "skull", and σχίσις schisis, "split") is a skull-related neural tube defect. The skull does not close all the way in this deformity (especially at the occipital region). As a result, the amniotic fluid enters the brain, leading to eventual brain degeneration and anencephaly. Craniorachischisis is on the extreme end of the dysraphism spectrum, wherein the entire length of the neural tube fails to close.
# Sione Tupou

Sione Maile Tupou (born 25 May 1994) is a Tongan international rugby union player.
A back-row forward, Tupou captains Tonga in rugby sevens. He led the team at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens and 2022 Commonwealth Games, where he was a flag bear for Tonga in the Parade of Nations.
Tupou made his debut for the Tonga XV in a 2023 Test against Canada in Nukuʻalofa.
# Identity Politics (book)

Identity Politics: Lesbian Feminism and the Limits of Community is a non-fiction book by Shane Phelan. It was published in 1989 by Temple University Press.
# Helena Snoek

Helena Snoek (22 September 1764 – 3 December 1807) was a Dutch actress. She also played a popular tragedy role in the historical play, Gijsbrecht van Aemstel by Joost van den Vondel.

## Biography

Helena Snoek was the eldest of five children in the Catholic family of skipper Joannes Snoek (d. 1780), from Emden, and Helena de Ruijter (d. 1808), shopkeeper who was born in Heusden. She was the sister of the actors Andries Snoek and Anna Maria Snoek.
In 1787, Helena Snoek began her career with the traveling troupe of W. van Dinsen Jr. Andries Snoek who first joined at the Rotterdam Theater later brought together a troupe of musical professionals including Helena Snoek and Anna Maria Snoek.
In 1789, Helena Snoek married singer Pieter Snoeck (1769–1848) who mainly played comedic roles then joined the troupe at the Rotterdam Theater.
Between 1792 and 1793, Helena Snoek served as the director of the Rotterdam Theater along with Andries Snoek. They owned the troupe under the name of Andries Snoek from 1793 to 1795.
At the beginning of 1793, the Rotterdam Theater was closed due to the French invasion. The musical troupe was subsequently moved to the Southern Netherlands through Breda to Ghent and Bruges. In March 1794, the troupe further reached to Brussels, and at the end of that year returned to Bruges.
In February 1795, the troupe eventually reached to Rotterdam. Helena Snoek was also associated with the theater hall Utile et Amusant in Amsterdam. She then had a long career with the Stadsschouwburg Amsterdam between 1795 and 1807.
She died on 3 December 1807.
# Max Romih

Massimiliano "Massimo" Romi (né Max Romih; 22 May 1893 – 24 April 1979) was an Italian chess master.
Romih was born in Pinguente, Istria (now Buzet), and as a Croatian a citizen of Austria-Hungary, but after World War I the region of Julian March became part of Italy. Soon afterwards, in keeping with its nationalistic ideals, Fascism began to encourage Italianization of foreign or foreign-sounding names and he first became Massimiliano Romih, ultimately dropping the "h" off the end of his name after the San Remo 1930 chess tournament.
He played several times in the Italian Chess Championship, and tied for 5th/6th at Viareggio 1921 (Davide Marotti won), got 2nd at Milan 1931 (behind Stefano Rosselli del Turco), 3rd at Milan 1934 (Mario Monticelli won), shared 2nd place at Florence 1935 (behind Antonio Sacconi). After World War II, he tied for 16th place at Florence 1948, ended 9th at Venice 1951, 3rd at Trieste 1954, and 2nd at Rovigo 1956. Finally, he tied for 12th/15th at Sottomarina (Chioggia) 1970, at the age of 77.
He won at Scarborough 1925, ended 3rd at Hyères 1926 (Abraham Baratz won), tied for 5th/7th at Spa 1926 (Fritz Sämisch and George Alan Thomas won), got 7th at Venice 1929 (Rudolf Pitschak won), 16th at San Remo 1930 (Alexander Alekhine won), 4th at Paris 1938 (José Raúl Capablanca won), and 2nd at Reggio Emilia 1947 (behind Esteban Canal).
Romi played for Italy in unofficial and official Chess Olympiads:
* In 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad at Paris 1924 (+5 –5 =3);
* In 1st Chess Olympiad at London 1927 (+3 –9 =3);
* In 4th Chess Olympiad at Prague 1931 (+5 –10 =3);
* In 6th Chess Olympiad at Warsaw 1935 (+5 –9 =3);
* In 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Munich 1936 (+6 –11 =3).
# Patrick Sean Smith

Patrick Sean Smith is an American television show creator, writer, and producer.

## Filmography

* The Chronicle (2002) writer
* Everwood (2003-2004) writer
* Summerland (2005) writer
* Supernatural (2006) writer
* Greek (2007–2011) creator, writer, producer
* Chasing Life (2014–2015) writer, showrunner, producer
* Dolly Parton's Heartstrings (2019) producer, writer
* Virgin River (TV series) (2023) showrunner, producer, writer
# Thorndale

Thorndale may refer to:

## Australia

* Thorndale, Queensland, a locality in the Southern Downs Region

## Canada

* Thorndale, Ontario

## United States

* Thorndale, Pennsylvania
* Thorndale, Texas
* Thorndale (Oxford, North Carolina), a historic plantation house
# Azgueilem Tiyab

Azgueilem Tiyab is a town and commune in the Gorgol Region of southern Mauritania.
In 2000, it had a population of 9,056.
# Ruth Kerr

Ruth Kerr (March 8, 1916 – June 17, 1974), later known by her married name Ruth Todd, was a Canadian freestyle and backstroke swimmer who competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

## Life

Kerr was born in 1916 and her parents started the Border Cities Swimming Club in 1930. At the time it was reportedly the largest swimming club in Canada. She trained at the club's quarters at Kennedy Collegiate in Windsor.
As a 16-year-old in 1932, she was a member of the Canadian team which finished fourth in the 4x100-metre freestyle relay, swimming the third leg of four in the relay. The other relay swimmers were Irene Pirie, Betty Edwards, and Betty Mullen. She also participated in the qualifying heats of the 400-metre freestyle and 100-metre backstroke, but in both she was eliminated in the first round.
Kerr was the first Windsor-born athlete to participate in an Olympic Games. She was also the youngest member of the 1932 Canadian Olympic Team.
Kerr was inducted into the Essex Sports Hall of Fame in September 1987. She worked as a school teacher for many years, and married Robert Todd in 1948. The couple had four children (Kathy, Kerry, Bobby and Kristy). On September 21, 2013, Kerr was inducted into the Ontario Aquatic Hall of Fame as a Pioneer Swimmer. Her oldest daughter, Kathy, made a brief presentation and accepted the award on behalf of the family. Her second daughter, Kari, attended the induction ceremony, as did her husband and her children.
Ruth's younger brother, Gordon Kerr competed in the 100 metre backstroke in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin
# Powhatan Wildlife Management Area

Powhatan Wildlife Management Area is a 4,462-acre (18.06 km$^2$) Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Powhatan County, Virginia. Consisting primarily of former farmland, much of the area is currently covered by open fields; these combine with mature and new forest growth to provide habitat for a diverse array of wildlife. The property is divided by Route 60 and contains one interior parcel of privately owned land. The elevation of the property is between 200 and 350 feet (61 and 107 m) above sea level.
The area is drained by several small streams that make their way to Sallee Creek, a tributary to the James River. Located on the property are the two Powhatan Lakes, which are 32 and 26 acres (13 and 11 ha) in size; an additional four farm ponds, numerous beaver ponds, marshes along Sallee Creek, and a small impoundment for waterfowl combine to provide water for the area.
Powhatan WMA is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. The area is open to the public for hunting, trapping, fishing, hiking, boating, horseback riding, and primitive camping. Access for persons 17 years of age or older requires a valid hunting or fishing permit, a current Virginia boat registration, or a WMA access permit.
# Julius Rantaeskola

Julius Rantaeskola (born March 22, 1993) is a Finnish professional ice hockey right winger currently playing for KalPa of Liiga.

## Career

Rantaeskola had spells on Jr. A SM-liiga for HIFK and Jokerit before making his professional debut with a loan spell at Kiekko-Vantaa of Mestis during the 2013-14 season. He became a permanent member of Kiekko-Vantaa on June 4, 2014 and played the next four seasons with the team. He had rejoined Jokerit on May 2, 2017 on a two-way contract after they entered co-operation with Kiekko-Vantaa but spent the 2017–18 season on loan at Vantaa for his fourth successive season with them.
On May 18, 2018, Rantaeskola joined IPK of Mestis where he led the team with 40 points (18 goals and 22 assists) in 50 games. His performances earned him a try-out with IPK's parent club KalPa alongside Tuomas Vartiainen. He made his debut for the team on September 14, 2019 against HIFK. Nine days later, KalPa announced that both Rantaeskola and Vartiainen would remain with the team until the end of the season after a successful try out.
# Nowe, Łódź Voivodeship

Nowe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krośniewice, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Krośniewice, 10 km (6 mi) west of Kutno, and 54 km (34 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Donald S. Farner

Donald Sankey Farner (May 2, 1915 Waumandee, Wisconsin – May 18, 1988) was an American ornithologist. He received his BS from Hamline University, and his MA and PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He served in the Navy's Medical Service Corps in World War II and later retired with the rank of captain. He was president of the American Ornithologists' Union from 1973 to 1975. He was also President of the 17th International Ornithological Congress and prepared its statutes and by-laws. He served as dean of the graduate school at Washington State University.
Among other things, he wrote several volumes on avian biology and works on the fauna of Crater Lake. His honors included a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1957 and the Brewster Medal in 1960.
His doctoral students include James R. King. Brian Follett was a postdoc in Farner's laboratory investigating photoperiodism.