OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1129

Year 1129 (MCXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* April 14 – Following the Capetian tradition, King Louis VI (the Fat) has his eldest son Philip crowned as co-ruler of France at Rheims Cathedral. Louis himself becomes the national protector of all France.
* June 2 – Fulk V, count of Anjou, marries Melisende (daughter of King Baldwin II) the heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Fulk gives up his title which passes to his 15-year-old son, Geoffrey V (the Fair).
* September – Roger II of Sicily gains recognition as duke at Melfi from the Norman nobles of Naples, Bari, Capua, Salerno and other cities that have resisted him.
* Burgsteinfurt Castle is built in what is now Steinfurt (modern Germany).

#### Asia

* Jin–Song War: Emperor Gao Zong of the Song dynasty moves the capital from Yangzhou to Hangzhou, after the Jurchen Jin dynasty captures Kaifeng in the Jingkang Incident.
* March 26 – Gao Zong abdicates the throne after a mutiny of the palace guard. His 2-year-old son Zhao Fu succeeds him, but Empress Meng becomes regent and the sole ruler.
* April 20 – Gao Zong regains the throne (with the support of the imperial army led by General Han Shizhong). Zhao Fu is forced to abdicate with Meng having ruled for 25 days.
* July 24 – Former Emperor Shirakawa dies at his native Kyoto. His son Toba begins his cloistered rule, sharing power with Sutoku, a grandson of Shirakawa.

### By topic
#### Religion

* January 23 – Henry of Blois becomes bishop of Winchester after the death of William Giffard (who was also Lord Chancellor to King Henry I) in England.

## Births

* Abu al-Abbas as-Sabti, Moroccan Sufi writer (d. 1204)
* Date Tomomune, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1199)
* Elisabeth of Schönau, German Benedictine abbess (d. 1164)
* Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria (d. 1195)
* Theophanes Kerameus, bishop of Rossano (d. 1152)

## Deaths

* January 23 – William Giffard, bishop of Winchester
* January 27 – Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester (b. 1070)
* January 29 – Minamoto no Shunrai, Japanese poet (b. 1055)
* February 16 – Thoros I, Armenian prince (or 1130)
* February 17 – Constantine II, Armenian prince
* July 24 – Shirakawa, emperor of Japan (b. 1053)
* July 28 – Zhao Fu, emperor of the Song dynasty (b. 1127)
* November 21 – Nigel d'Aubigny, Norman nobleman
* December 30 – Roger of Cannae, Italian bishop (b. 1060)
* Athanasius VI bar Khamoro, patriarch of Antioch
* Cellach of Armagh (or Celsus), Irish archbishop (b. 1080)
* Fujiwara no Akinaka, Japanese nobleman (b. 1059)
* John Theristus, Italian Benedictine monk (b. 1049)
* Ramiro Sánchez, Spanish nobleman (or 1130)
* Richard Fitz Pons, Norman nobleman (b. 1080)
* Walter FitzRoger, Norman sheriff of Gloucester
* Zhao Mingcheng, Chinese politician (b. 1081)
# 1376

Year 1376 (MCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### January–December

* March – The peace treaty between England and France is extended until April, 1377.
* March 31 – Pope Gregory XI excommunicates all members of the government of Florence, and places the city under an interdict.
* April 28 – The Good Parliament begins in England (so called because its members attempted to reform the corrupt Royal Council on that date).
* May 3 – Olav IV Haakonsson is elected King Oluf II of Denmark, following the death of his grandfather, Valdemar IV, in 1375.
* June – Catherine of Siena visits Pope Gregory XI in Avignon, to attempt to persuade him to make peace with Florence, and move the Papacy back to Rome.
* June 7 – The dying Prince Edward summons his father, Edward III, and brother, John of Gaunt, and makes them swear to uphold the claim to the throne of his son Richard; Edward is the first "English" Prince of Wales not to become King of England.
* July 10 – The Good Parliament is dissolved (at that time, it was the longest Parliament to have sat in England).
* August 12 – With the help of the Genoese, Byzantine co-emperor Andronicus IV Palaeologus invades Constantinople and dethrones his father, John V Palaeologus, as co-emperor. John V Palaeologus is taken prisoner.
* September – John of Gaunt summons religious reformer John Wyclif to appear before the Royal Council.
* November 20 – Richard of Bordeaux, son of the Black Prince, is created Prince of Wales in succession to his father.
* December 25 – John of Gaunt presents his nephew, Richard of Bordeaux, to the feudatories of the realm and swears to uphold Richard's right to succeed Edward III.

### Dates Unknown

* Acamapichtli becomes the first tlatoani of Tenochtitlan.

## Births

* November 9 – Edmund Mortimer, English nobleman and rebel (d. c. 1409)
* date unknown
** Gihwa, scholar in Korean Buddhism (d. 1433)
** Sofia of Bavaria, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1425)
** Yusuf III, Sultan of Granada (d. 1417)

## Deaths

* January 24 – Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, English military leader
* April 6 – Przecław of Pogorzela, Cardinal and Bishop of Wrocław (b. 1310)
* May 30 – Joan of Ponthieu, Dame of Epernon, French countess regent
* June 8 – Edward, the Black Prince, son of King Edward III of England (b. 1330)
* July 22 – Simon Langham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1310)
* September 30 – Adelaide of Vianden, German countess
# Diving at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's synchronized 10 metre platform

The women's synchronised 10 metre platform diving competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan was held on 8 October at the Sajik Swimming Pool.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 8 October 2002 | 19:00 | Final |

## Results

| Rank | Team | Dive | Dive | Dive | Dive | Dive | Total |
| Rank | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Total |
| | China (CHN) Hu Jia Xu Hao | 54.00 | 52.80 | 87.72 | 73.80 | 88.32 | 356.64 |
| | North Korea (PRK) Ri Jong-nam Jo Chol-ryong | 50.40 | 49.20 | 80.64 | 77.22 | 68.73 | 326.19 |
| | South Korea (KOR) Cho Kwan-hoon Kwon Kyung-min | 48.60 | 49.80 | 69.30 | 80.64 | 63.36 | 311.70 |
| 4 | Japan (JPN) Kotaro Miyamoto Kiichiro Miyamoto | 44.40 | 46.80 | 72.96 | 68.16 | 68.40 | 300.72 |
| 5 | Philippines (PHI) Jaime Asok Rexel Fabriga | 46.20 | 43.20 | 66.60 | 65.28 | 77.52 | 298.80 |
| 6 | Malaysia (MAS) Noraznizal Najib Low Lap Bun | 43.80 | 44.40 | 65.70 | 64.32 | 66.30 | 284.52 |
# Epifanio Mejia

Epifanio Mejía Quijano (1838–1913) was a Colombian poet and politician who in his lifetime published over 134 poems. He was born in Yarumal, Antioquia, in 1838, in an hacienda known as El Caunce, and died in an asylum in Medellín in 1913. He is known as one of the most famous poets from Antioquia, and one of his poems was chosen as the official Anthem of Antioquia.

## Biography

He was the son of Ramon Mejia Vallejo and Maria Luisa Quijano. After the death of this father, he moved to Medellin in search of better economic opportunities. He soon started to write poetry.
Alongside the poet Gregorio Gutiérrez González and others of his stature, Epifanio Mejía was one of the major poets from Antioquia during the 19th century.
One of his poems, "The song of Antioquia," was chosen as the official anthem of Antioquia.
Between 1868 and 1869, he collaborated on the literary magazine El Oasis (The Oasis), directed by Isidoro Isaza. He was considered insane and admitted to the mental hospital in Medillín at the age of 31.
He died in 1913.
# 266

Year 266 (CCLXVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallienus and Sabinillus (or, less frequently, year 1019 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 266 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* King Odaenathus of Palmyra invades Persia to conquer the capital, Ctesiphon, and twice comes as far as the walls of the Persian capital, but fails to take it. After his victories in the East, he pronounces himself with the title "king of kings".
* A powerful tropical volcanic eruption around this year brings a below-average flood of the Nile next year.

#### Ireland

* The rule of High King Cormac mac Airt ends (approximate date).

#### Asia

* February 4 – Sima Yan, regent of the Chinese state of Cao Wei, forces the last Cao Wei emperor Cao Huan to abdicate in his favour. The Cao Wei state's existence comes to an end. Sima Yan establishes the Jin Dynasty, and becomes its first emperor on 8 February, and is historically known as "Wu of Jin". He establishes his capital at Luoyang, and gives his male relatives independent military commands throughout his empire.

## Births

* Galeria Valeria, Roman empress and wife of Galerius (d. 315)
* Wang Dun (or Chuzhong), Chinese general and warlord (d. 324)
* Zu Ti (or Shizhi), Chinese general and adviser (d. 321)

## Deaths

* Wang Chen (or Chudao), Chinese general and politician
* Wang Fan, Chinese astronomer and mathematician (b. 228)
# Deepthroat (song)

"Deepthroat" (also released as "CupcakKe Deepthroat") is a song by American rapper Cupcakke, released on November 17, 2015 as the second single from her first mixtape Cum Cake (2016). Along with her song "Vagina", it propelled her to fame through going viral online. The title of the song refers to a type of fellatio.

## Background

After her debut single "Vagina" gained viral attention, Cupcakke composed and released "Deepthroat", which achieved greater popularity on the Internet. Like most of her songs, "Deepthroat" contains sexually explicit lyrics; she particularly uses metaphors related to eating food. The music video of the song became viral on YouTube, WorldStarHipHop and Facebook, leading to Cupcakke's rise to prominence.

## Music video

The music video reached 23 million views on YouTube, before it was removed in March 2018 for violating the policy on sexual content. Cupcakke demanded the video to be put back on YouTube, which was eventually done.

## Impact

In September 2019, when Cupcakke announced a retirement on Instagram Live, she stated she felt as though she was "corrupting the youth" as she had seen young children singing along to her explicit songs, referring to "Deepthroat" as an example.
In April 2021, Cupcakke claimed on Twitter that the song influenced the modern generation of female rappers in regard to sexually explicit music. The comment was met with strong disagreement from some fans.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Fabian Steinheil

Fabian Gotthard von Steinheil (Russian: Фадде́й Фёдорович Ште́йнгель, tr. Faddéy Fyódorovich Shtéyngelʹ; 3 October 1762 – 7 March 1831) was a Baltic German who served as a Russian military officer and the Governor-General of Finland between 1810 and 1824.
Steinheil was born in Hapsal, Estonia. His father's family was from region of Upper Rhine in Germany (where they had been burghers and officials of their hometowns); and his mother was from a cadet branch of the ancient Baltic House of Tiesenhausen, daughter of nobleman Frommhold Fabian Tiesenhausen, lord of Orina in Estonia. Stenheil's uncle and father had received a baronial title from the imperial authorities.
Fabian von Steinheil became a lieutenant in the Imperial Russian Army in 1782. He took part in the war in Finland in 1788 and in 1791-92 he worked with construction of fortifications in Old Finland, after which he served in military cartography.
He became a Major General in 1798 and took part in the campaigns in Prussia in 1806-1807 and Poland in 1805-1807. He became a Lieutenant General in 1807 and commanded the Russian troops on Åland in 1809 during the Finnish War.
In 1810 he was appointed as the Governor-General of Finland, to succeed Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly. He was well regarded by the Finnish population and was made a count in 1812. In 1812 he was defeated at Mesoten, but then fought under the prolific General Wittgenstein at Polotsk. In 1813 he took part in the war against Napoleon as the commander of an army in Courland and Livonia, and was succeeded as Governor-General by the influential Count Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt. However, due to Armfelt's fragile health, Steinheil soon returned to the post of Governor-General which he held to 1823, being then succeeded by Count Arseniy Zakrevskiy.
He remained in Finland and died in Helsingfors in 1831.

## Honours and awards

* Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
* Order of Saint Anna, 1st class
* Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class
* Gold Sword for Bravery
* Order of St. George, 3rd class
* Order of St. George, 4th class
* Order of the Red Eagle 1st Class
* Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
# Oleiros, Galicia

Oleiros (Spanish and Galician: ) is a municipality of northwestern Spain in the province of A Coruña, in the autonomous community of Galicia. The whole municipality is basically a residential area and the vast majority of its residents commute on a daily basis to the neighbor city of A Coruña. Oleiros is the wealthiest municipality in Galicia, it enjoys very high living standards and is notably famous for its public gardens and for a very careful urban planning. The population is more dense in the four major urban areas of Oleiros: Santa Cristina-Perillo, Santa Cruz, Oleiros and Mera. The wealthiest inhabitants of Oleiros usually live in suburbs outside these urban areas. Many of these suburbs are composed of terraced or semidetached houses. Some rural areas still exist all across the municipality.

## Geography

Limits at north with the Ria of Betanzos, at east with Sada and Bergondo municipalities, at south with Cambre and Culleredo municipalities and at west with A Coruña municipality and O Burgo Estuary.

## Notable natives

* Victor Moscoso (born 1936), graphic artist
# Four-stroke power valve system

A four-stroke power valve is a device fitted to four-stroke engines that constantly adjusts the internal diameter of the exhaust system to better suit the speed of the engine. Yamaha was the first to develop such a system, called the Exhaust Ultimate Power Valve (EXUP). It first appeared on the Yamaha FZR EXUP and was later used on many other Yamahas.
Later versions from Honda went by the names Honda Titanium Exhaust Valve (HTEV) and Honda Variable Intake/Exhaust (H-VIX), appearing on the CBR600RR and Honda CBR929RR. Suzuki's version is called Suzuki Exhaust Tuning (SET). The system is also used on the Triumph Daytona 675 triple.

## Operation

At low engine speeds, the wave pressure within the pipe network is low. A full oscillation of the Helmholtz resonance occurs before the exhaust valve is closed, and to increase low-speed torque, large-amplitude exhaust pressure waves are artificially induced. This is done by partial closing of an internal butterfly valve within the exhaust where the primary pipes from the cylinders join. The alteration of the pressure at this point controls the behavior of reflected waves at this sudden increase in area discontinuity. Closing the valve increases the local pressure, inducing the formation of larger-amplitude negative reflected expansion waves. A servo motor controlled by the ECU opens and shuts the valve. The valve goes from being almost fully closed at idle speed, through to fully open at higher engine speeds. This ensures low to mid-range performance, more linear power output and reduced exhaust noise levels while the valve is in its reduced opening position.
# 320

Year 320 (CCCXX) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantinus and Constantinus (or, less frequently, year 1073 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 320 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Crispus, eldest son of Constantine I, leads a victorious campaign against the Franks, assuring twenty years of peace along the Rhine frontier. He establishes his residence in Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier), capital of Germania.
* Licinius reneges on the religious freedom promised by the Edict of Milan, and begins a new persecution of Christians in the Eastern Roman Empire. He imprisons Christians, confiscates their properties and destroys churches.

#### Asia

* King Chandragupta I founds the Gupta dynasty in northern India (approximate date).
* Zhang Shi (張寔), Zhang Duke of Xiping and governor of Liang Province, (涼州)is assassinated by Yan She (閻涉) and Zhao Ang (趙卬) and replaced by Zhang Mao (張茂), commonly accepted first ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang.

### By topic
#### Art

* Construction begins on the Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome (approximate date).

#### Culture and Religion

* In Nydam Mose (Denmark), the Nydam oak boat is sacrificed by the Danes (the boat is excavated in the 1830s, when a local farmer finds weapons, including swords and spears).

#### Science

* October 18 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philosopher, observes an eclipse of the sun and writes a commentary on The Great Astronomer (Almagest).

## Births

* Aurelius Victor, Roman historian and politician (approximate date)
* Constans I, Roman emperor (d. 350)
* Flavian I, Patriarch of Antioch (d. 404)
* Jin Jianwendi, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (d. 372)
* Oribasius, Greek physician (approximate date)
* Tuoba Shiyiqian, prince of the Tuoba Dai (d. 376)
* Xie An, statesman of the Jin Dynasty (d. 385)

## Deaths

* January 2 – Narcissus, Argeus, and Marcellinus, Roman Catholic martyrs and saints
* January 29 – Valerius of Trèves, Roman Catholic priest and saint
* February 6 – Dorothea of Alexandria, Roman Catholic virgin, martyr and saint
* March 9 – 40 Martyrs of Sebaste
* March 10 – Cyrion and Candidus, Armenian Orthodox priest and saints
* July 11 – Januarius and Pelagia, Roman Catholic priests, martyrs and saints
* November 29 – Saint Illuminata, Roman Catholic religious sister and saint
* December 9 – Proculus of Verona, Roman Catholic priest and saint

### Date unknown

* Lactantius, Christian writer (approximate date)
* Sima Bao, prince of the Jin Dynasty (b. 294)
* Zhang Shi, Duke of Xiping
# Zaafrane, Tunisia

Zaafrane (Arabic: زعفران) is a small desert oasis village in central Tunisia. It is located at around 33°26′17″N 8°55′5″E﻿ / ﻿33.43806°N 8.91806°E﻿ / 33.43806; 8.91806 and is the gateway to the Grand Erg Oriental desert. It is the centre for the traditionally nomadic Adhara people.
# Luo Jianming

Luo Jianming (Chinese: 罗建明; born 6 November 1969) is a male Chinese weightlifter. He competed at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, and won a bronze medal in men's 52–56 kg.
# Bright-line rule

A bright-line rule (or bright-line test) is a clearly defined rule or standard, composed of objective factors, which leaves little or no room for varying interpretation. The purpose of a bright-line rule is to produce predictable and consistent results in its application. The term "bright-line" in this sense generally occurs in a legal context.
Bright-line rules are usually standards established by courts in legal precedent or by legislatures in statutory provisions. The US Supreme Court often contrasts bright-line rules with their opposite: balancing tests (or "fine line testing"), where a result depends on weighing several factors—which could lead to inconsistent application of law or reduce objectivity.

## Debate in the US

In the United States, there is much scholarly legal debate between those favoring bright-line rules and those favoring balancing tests. While some legal scholars, such as former Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, have expressed a strong preference for bright-line rules, critics often argue that bright-line rules are overly simplistic and can lead to harsh and unjust results. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer noted that there are circumstances in which the application of bright-line rules would be inappropriate, stating that "no single set of legal rules can ever capture the ever changing complexity of human life."

## Examples

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) may be considered establishing a bright-line rule. The majority opinion in that case required law enforcement agents to give a criminal suspect what is now known as a Miranda warning of their "Miranda" rights when the suspect is in custody, and when the suspect is about to be interrogated.

## New Zealand - Taxation (Bright-line Test for Residential Land) Act 2015

The Taxation (Bright-line Test for Residential Land) Act 2015 is a form of Capital Gains Tax legislation in New Zealand. When it was introduced a bright-line test was described as, "a term used in law for a clearly-defined rule or standard, using objective factors, which is designed to produce predictable and consistent results."

## Notable cases containing bright-line rules

* Goldberg v. Kelly (1970) ruled that the due process requirement requires an evidentiary hearing before a recipient of certain government welfare benefits can be deprived of such benefits.
* Michigan v. Summers (1981) held that for Fourth Amendment purposes, a warrant to search for contraband founded on probable cause implicitly carries with it the limited authority to detain the occupants of the premises while a proper search is conducted.
* SEC v. Chenery Corp., 332 U.S. 194 (1947)
* Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U.S. 108 (1964)
* Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966)
* Katko v. Briney, 183 N.W.2d 657 (Iowa 1971)
* Heckler v. Campbell, 461 U.S. 458 (1983)
* Bowen v. Georgetown University Hospital, 488 U.S. 204 (1988)
* Evans v. the United Kingdom
* Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2001)
* Arizona v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332 (2009)

## Notable cases not following bright-line rules

* District of Columbia v. Heller
# Rampart Peak

Rampart Peak (13,441 ft (4,097 m)) is located in the northern Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Situated .31 mi (0.50 km) south of Bastion Peak, Rampart Peak is within the Bridger Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest and immediately west of the Continental Divide. Though one of the highest peaks in the Wind River Range, Rampart Peak is not ranked since it has less than 300 ft (91 m) of clean topographic prominence.

## Hazards

Encountering bears is a concern in the Wind River Range. There are other concerns as well, including bugs, wildfires, adverse snow conditions and nighttime cold temperatures.
Importantly, there have been notable incidents, including accidental deaths, due to falls from steep cliffs (a misstep could be fatal in this class 4/5 terrain) and due to falling rocks, over the years, including 1993, 2007 (involving an experienced NOLS leader), 2015 and 2018. Other incidents include a seriously injured backpacker being airlifted near SquareTop Mountain in 2005, and a fatal hiker incident (from an apparent accidental fall) in 2006 that involved state search and rescue. The U.S. Forest Service does not offer updated aggregated records on the official number of fatalities in the Wind River Range.
# Stara Rossocha

Stara Rossocha is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rawa Mazowiecka, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Rawa Mazowiecka and 52 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Isle (river)

The Isle (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Eila) is a 255-kilometre (158 mi) long river in south-western France, right tributary of the Dordogne. Its source is in the north-western Massif Central, near the town Nexon (south of Limoges). It flows south-west through the following départements and towns:
* Haute-Vienne: Le Chalard
* Dordogne: Périgueux, Mussidan
* Gironde: Libourne
It flows into the Dordogne in Libourne. Among the tributaries of the Isle are the Auvézère, the Loue, the Beauronne and the Dronne.