OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chagrin Falls Township, Ohio

Chagrin Falls Township is a township located in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census, the township had a total population of 4,317, which includes the village of Chagrin Falls. The portion of the township outside the village limits had a population of 129 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated township consists of about 44 households on an area of 0.52 square miles (1.3 km$^2$), resulting in a population density of 261.7 persons/mile² (101.0 persons/km$^2$). It is one of only two civil townships remaining in Cuyahoga County (the other being Olmsted Township) and the only Chagrin Falls Township statewide.

## Geography

Located in the eastern part of the county, it borders the following villages and townships:
* Russell Township, Geauga County - northeast
* Chagrin Falls - southeast
* Moreland Hills - west
According to the United States Census Bureau, the incorporated and unincorporated areas of the township have a total area of 2.6 sq mi, all land.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. As of 2022, the board is composed of chairperson Tom Florkiewicz and members John Finley and Jen McKee, and the fiscal officer is Beth Boles.
# AD 122

Year 122 (CXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aviola and Neratius (or, less frequently, year 875 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 122 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Hadrian orders that a 73-mile (117-kilometer) wall be built to mark the northern Roman Empire while personally visiting the area. Hadrian's Wall, as it comes to be known, is intended to keep the Caledonians, Picts and other tribes at bay.
* Vindolanda, a Roman auxiliary fort (castrum) in northern England, is garrisoned by cohort VIII Batavorum.
* September 13 – The building of Hadrian's Wall begins.
* Hadrian gives up the territories conquered in Scotland.

#### Asia

* Change of era name from Jianguang (2nd year) to Yanguang of the Chinese Eastern Han dynasty.
# Batinci

Batinci (Macedonian: Батинци, Albanian: Batincë) is the First-largest village in the municipality of Studeničani, North Macedonia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the village had a total of 7.267 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Albanians 4.473
* Bosniaks 1.625
* Turks 616
* Macedonians 17
* Vlachs 2
* Serbs 2
* Others 532
| Year | Macedonian | Albanian | Turks | Romani | Vlachs | Serbs | Bosniaks | Others | Total |
| 2002 | 36 | 3.217 | 407 | 2 | ... | 1 | 1.660 | 41 | 5.364 |
| 2021 | 17 | 4.473 | 616 | ... | 2 | 2 | 1.625 | 532 | 7.267 |

## Notable people

Notable people from Batincë include -
* Jasir Asani, (born 19 May 1995) Albanian professional footballer
* Esad Colakovic, former Captain of Macedonian Football Nationalteam.
# Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks women's basketball

The Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks women's basketball team represents University of Maryland Eastern Shore in Princess Anne, Maryland, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.

## History

Maryland Eastern Shore began play in 1981, with their transition to Division I happening during the 1981–82 season. They have never won the MEAC title, though they reached the Final in 2015, losing to Savannah State 65–47.
# Xie Zhen (footballer)

Xie Zhen (Chinese: 谢镇; born 30 October 1998) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a midfielder for Xi'an Hi-Tech Zone.

## Club career

In February 2018, Xie signed for Portuguese club Vizela alongside compatriot Liu Sheng.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 15 February 2023.
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Vizela | 2017–18 | Campeonato de Portugal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Inner Mongolia Caoshangfei | 2019 | China League Two | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Nantong Zhiyun | 2019 | China League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nantong Zhiyun | 2020 | China League One | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nantong Zhiyun | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the Chinese FA Cup
# Newbiggin, Teesdale

Newbiggin is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England. At the 2011 census the parish had a population of 146. It is situated on the north side of Teesdale, opposite Holwick. An influx of Derbyshire lead miners into the area in the late 18th century may have brought the name from Biggin. The village is within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
The village of Newbiggin is up the River Tees from the incredible High Force, one of England's most impressive waterfalls. The hamlet of Bowlees is close by.
Newbiggin was formerly a township in the parish of Middleton-in-Teesdale, but in 1866 became a separate civil parish.
A Methodist chapel was built in the village in 1760. It is now a holiday let known as Newbiggin Chapel. For many years it was said to be one of the oldest Methodist chapel in continuous use. It is a Grade II listed building.
In February 2022 Robert Hooper, a local farmer, was cleared of dangerous driving and criminal damage, after using a telehandler with forks, to remove a parked car from a lane outside his farm, flipping it and pushing it on its side.
# Kopin Corporation

The Kopin Corporation (Nasdaq: KOPN) is a Westborough, Massachusetts-based electronics manufacturer, best known for its microdisplay devices and application specific optical solutions for defense, enterprise, medical and consumer mobile electronics.

## Microdisplays

Founder and former Chairman, President and CEO John C.C. Fan describes the company's growth strategy as being based on expanding the range of applications for microdisplays.
Kopin's first CyberDisplay product debuted in 1999 in a JVC digital camera; it featured a 320x240 pixel display with a 0.24 inches (0.61 cm) diagonal measurement. In 2007, the Olympus Corporation chose a Kopin CyberDisplay with QVGA-level resolution for inclusion as a viewfinder in its SP-550 UZ model. In 2012, the company's newest CyberDisplay model had a diagonal measurement of 0.27 inches (0.69 cm) with VGA-level resolution of 640x480 pixels.
Outside of the consumer market, Kopin's microdisplays have also been used in electronics devices aimed at the military and law enforcement officers. In 2008, the United States Army awarded Kopin with the first phase of a $4.2 million program aimed at producing microdisplays more quickly and improving their performance, with the aim of incorporating them in night vision devices.

## Other products

Kopin also previously manufactured heterojunction bipolar transistors.

## Acquisitions

In January 2011, Kopin acquired British optoelectronics company Forth Dimension Displays (FDD) for £7 million in cash. Kopin's former president John Fan indicated in media comments that Kopin was especially interested in FDD's ultra-high resolution reflective microdisplays and time domain imaging technology.

## Controversy

In July 1999, Neil Bush, (son to President George H. W. Bush and brother to President George W. Bush) made at least $798,000 on three stock trades in a single day of Kopin Corp. where he had been employed as a consultant. The company announced on the same day good news about a new Asian client that sent its stock value soaring. Bush stated that he had no inside knowledge and that his financial advisor had recommended the trades. He said, "any increase in the price of the stock on that day was purely coincidental, meaning that I did not have any improper information." When asked in January 2004 about the stock trades, Bush contrasted the capital gains he reported in 1999 and 2000 with the capital losses on Kopin stock he reported ($287,722 in all) in 2001. In 2001 Kopin joined a broad decline in high-tech stock valuations.
# Beans, Beans, the Musical Fruit

"Beans, Beans, The Musical Fruit" (alternately "Beans, Beans, good for your heart") is a playground saying and children's song about how beans cause flatulence (i.e. farting).
The basis of the song (and bean/fart humor in general) is the high amount of oligosaccharides present in beans. Bacteria in the large intestine digest these sugars, producing carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methane.

## Lyrics

   Beans, beans, the musical fruit. The more you eat, the more you toot. The more you toot, the better you feel. So eat your beans with every meal!
Alternate lyrics include:
   Beans, beans, the magical fruit. The more you eat, the more you toot. The more you toot, the better you feel. So let’s have beans for every meal!

## Popular culture

* A version of the rhyme appears at the beginning of Robert Crumb's comic strip, "Crybaby's Blues".
* In The Simpsons season 4 episode 20 "Whacking Day," Bart performs a rendition of "Beans, Beans, the Musical Fruit."
* The American bean brand Bush Brothers and Company wrote a related song with the singer Josh Groban. The lyrics include a direct reference to the rhyme: "They'd yell about the musical fruit // They'd say the more that I ate, the more I'd (toot)".
* In a "Dot's Poetry Corner" segment of Animaniacs, Dot recites a variation entitled "Ode to a Veggie", that goes "Beans, beans, the musical fruit / The more you eat, the more they kick you off the air if you finish this poem."
* In an episode of Rocko's Modern Life, Heffer Wolfe randomly sings "Beans, beans, they're good for your heart. The more you eat, the more you-" only to get cut off.

## General references

* Dawson, Jim. Who Cut the Cheese?: A Cultural History of the Fart, ISBN 1-58008-011-1
# Harry Paulo

Thomas Henry Chandler (1847–1932), was a music hall entertainer noted for performing as Harry Paulo, a clown.

## Career

Paulo rose to fame in the 1870s, starring in London performances such as This is the House that Jack built; or, Harlequin Pussy Cat, Where Have You Been? The Little Wee Dog and the Good Child's History of England at the Prince Alfred, The Adventures of Sir Job at the Cremorne Gardens, and Little Boy Blue at the Marylebone Theatre. One of his early successes was playing a herald that could only read proclamations backwards. He was a regular on the stage in comedic roles, and as early as 1881, was called a "celebrated clown" by the London Weekly Dispatch newspaper.
In the 1890s, Paulo revived the clown Grimaldi's famous song "Hot Codlins" for music hall audiences, "evoked roars of laughter" performing as Granny in Little Red Riding Hood, and often starred in harlequinades. Paulo toured across Europe and the British Isles until his death.
In 1924, he attended a gathering of "the Aristocracy of the Harlequinade". In 1931, he was described by the Era newspaper as "second to none in wielding the red-hot poker in his day. At eighty-four he is the oldest of the living clowns though the halest and heartiest of his contemporaries".
Paulo died in 1932, and is commemorated on the Streatham Park Cemetery Artistes Memorial in London.
# Stigmella sorbi

Stigmella sorbi is a moth of the family Nepticulidae, described by Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1861. It is found in most of Europe, east to the eastern part of the Palearctic realm.

## Description

The wingspan is 6–7 mm. The thick erect hairs on the head vertex are ochreous-yellowish to fuscous. The collar is pale grey. The antennal eyecaps are whitish. The front wings are bronze-fuscous with a broad somewhat shining whitish fascia beyond middle; apical area beyond this is rather dark purplish-fuscous. Hindwings are light grey. Microscopic examination of the genitalia is essential for correct determination.
Adults are on wing in May.

### Ovum

Laid on the underside of a leaflet, often close to the midrib.

### Larva

The larvae feed on Amelanchier, Himalyan cotoneaster (Cotoneaster simonsii), apple (Malus domestica), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) and Swedish whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia), mining the leaves of their host plant.

### Pupa

In a brown cocoon spun on detritus.

## Distribution

Found across the Palearctic and most of Europe (except Iceland, Portugal, Belgium, and the western part of the Balkan Peninsula)

## Etymology

Stigmella sorbi was described by the English entomologist, Henry Tibbats Stainton in 1861 from a type specimen found in Scarborough, Yorkshire. The genus Stigmella – ″stigma″, refers to the conspicuous (or occasionally metallic) small dot or a brand fascia on the forewing of many of the Stigmella species, or possibly the small size of the moths. The species name sorbi – refers to rowan Sorbus aucuparia', one of the larval foodplants.
# Czech Republic national beach soccer team

The Czech Republic national beach soccer team represents the Czech Republic in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the FAČR, the governing body for football in Czech Republic.

## Current squad

Correct as of August 2013
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Player |
| 1 | GK | Tomás Zidlicky |
| 2 | DF | Jaroslav Kovarik |
| 5 | DF | Michal Salak |
| 7 | MF | Martin Dlouhy |
| 8 | MF | Michal Kubice |
| No. | Pos. | Player |
| 10 | FW | Martin Chalupa (captain) |
| 14 | MF | Lubomir Karda |
| 17 | FW | Tomáš Hurab |
| 20 | FW | Tosovsky |
| 18 | GK | Petr Visek |
Coach: Michael Lukič

## Achievements

* FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup qualification (UEFA) Best: Quarter finals
** 2008
# William Files

William Files is an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film The Batman.

## Selected filmography

* The Batman (2022; co-nominated with Stuart Wilson, Douglas Murray and Andy Nelson)
# Forty Mile Colony, Montana

Forty Mile Colony is a Hutterite colony and census-designated place (CDP) in Big Horn County, Montana, United States, within the Crow Indian Reservation. It is in the valley of the Little Bighorn River, 3 miles (5 km) south of the town of Lodge Grass.
The location was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
# Photuris versicolor

Photuris versicolor, is a species complex of firefly common throughout the Eastern United States. Fireflies famously use flash-based visual signalling to find mates at a distance and each species of firefly has a unique flash pattern sequence that males and females of the same species use to identify one another. Researchers have documented the ability of female P. versicolor to hunt males of other firefly species by mimicking the flash responses of female fireflies of other species. Photuris versicolor appear to target males, such as Photinus pyralis, specifically for the lucibufagin steroids that their prey produce.

## Description

Photuris versicolor are large members of the Lampyridae family, approximately 20–50 mm in length. P. versicolor are strong fliers with excellent eye sight, which is especially sensitive to light in the near UV (380 nm) and green (550 nm) spectra. Although male and female adults both have luminescence, this species is strongly sexually dimorphic. Females are larger bodied with a larger flash organ than males.

## Mating

Virgin P. versicolor females respond to the triple flash mating signal of P. versicolor males prior to mating. However, sometime after mating, P. versicolor females become unresponsive to conspecific males and begin using flash signalling in hunting.
# Ross McMullin

Ross McMullin is an Australian historian who has written a number of books on political and social history, as well as several biographies.

## Early life and education

McMullin was educated at the University of Melbourne, where he wrote his Master of Arts thesis on the 1913 federal election and his doctoral thesis on the cartoonist Will Dyson.

## Writing career

McMullin wrote a biography of Dyson, Will Dyson: Australia's Radical Genius, that was shortlisted for the 2007 National Biography Award, and was one of three books to be cited as "highly commended" by the judging panel.
McMullin has written several entries in the Australian Dictionary of Biography. He was commissioned to write the official history of the Australian Labor Party to coincide with the 100th anniversary of its founding. It was published in 1991 as The Light on the Hill, with the title taken from Ben Chifley's speech of the same name. He later published So Monstrous a Travesty, a book about the Watson government, to coincide with its 100th anniversary in 2004.
In 2002, McMullin published Pompey Elliott, a biography of the First World War general Harold Elliott. It won the Melbourne University Press Award for Literature and the Fellowship of Australian Writers Christina Stead Award. In 2018, he published a second book on Elliott, titled Pompey Elliott at War, which focused on his speeches and writing during the war.
McMullin's book Farewell, Dear People – a collection of World War I biographies – won the 2013 Prime Minister's Prize for Australian History, including prize money of A$75,000. In 2016, The Sydney Morning Herald reported that Prime Minister Kevin Rudd had personally overruled the judging panel (which had chosen another book) to award the prize to McMullin.

## Selected works

* The Light on the Hill: The Australian Labor Party 1891–1991 (1991)
* Pompey Elliott (2002)
* So Monstrous a Travesty: Chris Watson and the World's First National Labour Government (2004)
* Will Dyson: Australia's Radical Genius (2006)
* Farewell, Dear People: Biographies of Australia's Lost Generation (2013)
* Pompey Elliott At War: In His Own Words (2018)
* Life So Full of Promise: Further Biographies of Australia's Lost Generation (2023)
# Marc Thorpe

Marc Thorpe (9 November 1946 – 24 November 2023) was an American artist and designer known for creating the Robot Wars.

## Early life and education

Born in San Francisco, Thorpe studied at California State University, Hayward, and the University of California, Davis.

## Career

Earlier in his career, in 1974, Thorpe received a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship to develop "behavioral sculptures" involving trained dolphins at Marineland in Florida. The project resulted in the documentary Betty and Eva, which showcased the synchronized swimming patterns of the trained dolphins.
From 1979 to 1990, Thorpe worked at George Lucas' Industrial Light and Magic, contributing to special effects in films such as Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Return of the Jedi, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Dragonslayer, Poltergeist, Howard the Duck, and The Hunt for Red October.
In 1994, Thorpe launched the first Robot Wars competition in San Francisco, which featured battles between remote-controlled robots built by amateur and professional robot-builders. The concept later expanded to other U.S. cities and inspired television specials and a UK series that ran intermittently until 2018.
After leaving LucasToys in 1994, Thorpe managed Robot Wars events until 1997, when he lost creative control to Profile Records. He later held positions on the board of directors for Public Art Works in Marin County, worked as a mechanical engineer at Electronic Arts and RunBot.
Thorpe's creation of Robot Wars inspired a series of combat competitions on British television from 1998 to 2004 and again from 2016 to 2018, as well as the American series BattleBots, which has been airing since 2000.
# Fore-and-aft rig

A fore-and-aft rig is a sailing vessel rig with sails set mainly along the line of the keel, rather than perpendicular to it as on a square rigged vessel.

## Description

Fore-and-aft rigged sails include staysails, Bermuda rigged sails, gaff rigged sails, gaff sails, gunter rig, lateen sails, lug sails, tanja sails, the spanker sail on a square rig, and crab claw sails.
Fore-and-aft rigs include:
* Rigs with one mast: the proa, the catboat, the sloop, the cutter
* Rigs with two masts: the ketch, the yawl
* Rigs with two or more masts: the schooner
Barques and barquentines are partially square rigged and partially fore-and-aft rigged.
A rig which combines both on a foremast is known as a hermaphroditic rig.

## History
### Austronesia

The fore-and-aft rig is believed to have been developed independently by the Austronesian peoples some time after 1500 BC with the invention of the crab claw sail. It is suggested that it evolved from a more primitive V-shaped "square" sail with two spars that come together at the hull. Crab claw sails spread from Maritime Southeast Asia to Micronesia, Island Melanesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar via the Austronesian migrations. Austronesians in Southeast Asia also later developed other types of fore-and-aft sails, such as the tanja sail (also known as the canted square sail, canted rectangular sail, or the balance lug sail).
Their use later spread into the Indian Ocean since the first millennium, among vessels from the Middle East, South Asia, and China.

### Europe

The lateen was developed in the Mediterranean as early as the 2nd century AD, during Roman times. It became common by the 5th century.
The square rig had predominated in Europe since the dawn of sea travel, but in the generally gentle climate of southern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea during the last few centuries before the Renaissance the fore-and-aft began to replace it. By 1475, its use increased, and within a hundred years the fore-and-aft rig was in common use on rivers and in estuaries in Britain, northern France, and the Low Countries, though the square rig remained standard for the harsher conditions of the open North Sea as well as for trans-Atlantic sailing.
# Stigmella trimaculella

Stigmella trimaculella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in most of Europe, east to the eastern part of Palearctic realm.
The wingspan is 5–6 millimetres (0.20–0.24 in). The thick erect hairs on the head vertex are ochreous-yellowish. The collar is white. Antennal eyecaps are whitish. The forewings are dark fuscous; a broad median longitudinal patch extending from base to near middle, and large opposite sometimes confluent triangular costal and dorsal spots beyond middle whitish-yellowish. Hindwings are grey. Abdomen of male yellowish, crimson-tinged. External image
Adults are on wing in May and again in August.
The larvae feed on Populus alba, Populus angustifolia, Populus x canadensis, Populus candicans, Populus canescens, Populus deltoides, Populus nigra, Populus simonii, Populus suaveolens, Populus tremula and Populus trichocarpa. They mine the leaves of their host plant.