OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 42

42 may refer to:
* 42 (number)
* one of the years 42 BC, AD 42, 1942, 2042

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* 42 (film), a 2013 biopic about American baseball player Jackie Robinson
* 42, the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything, from Douglas Adams' series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Named after or in honor of this:
** "42" (Doctor Who), a 2007 television episode
** "42" (2001), the final episode of the television series Buzz Lightyear of Star Command
** "42" (Coldplay song), 2008
** 42, the 2012 debut album of Cthulhu Rise
** 42: The Wildly Improbable Ideas of Douglas Adams, 2023 book by Kevin Jon Davies
* 42 Entertainment, an alternate reality games company founded in 2003
* 42 (dominoes), a game
* 42 (Aya Nakamura song), 2024
* "42", a song by Mumford & Sons from Delta, 2018
* "Forty Two", a song by Karma to Burn from the album Appalachian Incantation, 2010
* 42, a 2021 album by Sech

## Other uses

* 42 (school), a French computer programming school
* The 42 (Kolkata), a residential skyscraper in India
* Tower 42 a skyscraper in London, England
* 42.zip, a zip bomb
* 42, Jackie Robinson’s jersey number, since retired by all of Major League Baseball
* 42, the atomic number of Molybdenum
* 42 Isis, a main-belt asteroid
# Central March

The Central March or Middle March (Arabic: الثغر الأوسط, romanized: al-Thaghr al-Awsaṭ) was the central of the three marches along the northern frontier of the Emirate and (after 929) Caliphate of Córdoba between the 8th and 11th centuries. It lay roughly along the Tagus valley, between the Lower March to the southwest and the Upper March to the northeast. Its administrative centre was at first Toledo, later Medinaceli.
The concept of al-thughūr (الثغر), the frontier zones or marches between the dār al-ḥarb and the dār al-islām, was found throughout the Islamic world. The marches were not fixed, but fluctuated with the fortunes of Islam. The stability of the frontier in Spain between the late 8th and the early 11th centuries is responsible for the outsized role and relatively well-defined nature of the thughūr there. The tripartite division was certainly in existence by the 9th century.
The Central March extended east as far as the edge of the territory known as Bārūsha, which was part of the Upper March and lay south of Daroca, covering Molina. Late in the reign of the Emir Muḥammad I (852–886), there was a chain of fortresses stretching from Bārūsha to Toledo at Madrid, Talamanca, Canales, Olmos and Calataifa.
In the reign of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III (912–961), the classical tripartite division disappeared. The Central March and the Lower March were combined under the name of the latter but with the character of an enlarged Central March. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān moved the capital north from Toledo to a fortress he constructed at Medinaceli. This expanded march included the Sierra de Guadarrama north of Madrid and a string of fortresses along the Tagus. According to Aḥmad al-Rāzī, its northern extensions towards the Duero comprised the districts of Santaver, Racupel, Zorita, Guadalajara and Medinaceli with their fortresses, including Castejón de Henares, Uclés, Cuenca, Huete and Huelamo. Towards the former Lower March were the fortresses of Talavera, Madrid, Coria, Coimbra.
The thughūr persisted in name through the first taifa (faction) period following the collapse of the caliphate in the 11th century, but by the 12th they were gone. The Reconquista (Christian reconquest) of the northern lands of al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia) had rendered the old system of fortresses and districts impossible.
# Donald Pickering

Donald Ellis Pickering (15 November 1933 – 19 December 2009) was an English actor, appearing in many stage, television, film and radio roles.

## Early life and education

Pickering was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, son of John Joseph Pickering (died 1978) and Edith (died 1983), née Ellis. He was educated privately and at the Old Vic Theatre School in London established by Michel Saint-Denis.

## Career

Pickering's television appearances include three roles in Doctor Who (The Keys of Marinus, 1964; The Faceless Ones, 1967; Time and the Rani, 1987). In the 26-part BBC series The Pallisers, he played Dolly Longstaffe. He also played roles in The House of Eliott, Dr. Watson in the series Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson (1979–1980), Yes, Prime Minister, The Brittas Empire, Executive Stress and The Professionals.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1957 | Doctor at Large | Cyril | Uncredited |
| 1957 | Carry On Admiral | Second Officer | Uncredited |
| 1964–1987 | Doctor Who | Eyesen / Captain Blade / Beyus | TV series, 12 episodes |
| 1964 | Nothing But the Best | Adrian Slater | |
| 1964–1966 | The Saint | Jeremy / Hans | TV series, 2 episodes |
| 1965 | Battle of the Bulge | | |
| 1966 | Fahrenheit 451 | Bernard | Uncredited |
| 1967 | A Challenge for Robin Hood | Sir Jamyl de Penitone | |
| 1967–1969 | The Avengers | Freddie Cartwright / Peter Roberts | TV series, 2 episodes |
| 1970 | The Breaking of Bumbo | Jorum | |
| 1971 | The Persuaders! | Morley Lyndon | |
| 1973 | The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club | Dr. Penberthy | Lord Peter Wimsey (TV series) Episodes 6-9 |
| 1977 | A Bridge Too Far | Lieutenant Colonel Mackenzie | |
| 1977 | The Three Hostages | McGillivray | |
| 1978 | The Thirty Nine Steps | Marshall | |
| 1979 | Zulu Dawn | Major Russell | |
| 1979 | Yanks | Golfing friend | |
| 1979–1980 | Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson | Doctor John Watson | Series, 24 episodes |
| 1982 | The Professionals | Army brigadier | Series 5 Episode 4 |
| 1983 | Scarab | Harrington | |
| 1986 | Half Moon Street | George Hardcastle | |
| 1986–1988 | Yes, Prime Minister | Sir Richard Wharton, Permanent Secretary to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office | TV series |
| 1994 | Lovejoy | Sir Roger | S6, episode 9 Holding The Baby |
| 1997 | The Man Who Knew Too Little | Sir Duncan | |
| 1998 | Monk Dawson | Archbishop of Westminster | |
| 2000 | Undertaker's Paradise | | |
# Church of St Nefydd and St Mary, Llannefydd

The Church of St Nefydd and St Mary is an active parish church in the village of Llannefydd, Conwy County Borough, Wales. The village lies 5m south-east of Abergele. Cadw records that the present church dates from c.1550, although it certainly had earlier origins. It was restored in 1859 and again in 1908–1909 by Henry Harold Hughes. The church is designated by Cadw as a Grade I listed building.

## History

The Church of St Nefydd and St Mary stands in the centre of the village of Llannefydd, 5m south-east of Abergele and close to the border with Denbighshire. The dedications are to Saint Nefydd, a sixth-century Welsh saint of whom almost nothing is known beyond his reputedly being a grandson of Brychan, king of Brycheiniog, and Saint Mary. Nefydd supposedly founded the church in the 5th century, but there is no documentary evidence relating to it which predates 1291. Cadw dates the present church to c.1500, while acknowledging that this was certainly a rebuilding of an earlier church. The circular churchyard and the dedication suggest its origins as a clas church.
The church was restored in the mid-19th century and again between 1908 and 1909 by Henry Harold Hughes. The church remains an active parish church in the Diocese of St Asaph and regular services are held.

## Architecture and description

St Nefydd and St Mary's consists of a double nave, a western bellcote and a south porch. The building material is mainly local limestone with roofing in Welsh slate. Edward Hubbard, in his Clwyd volume in the Buildings of Wales series, describes it as a "double-nave Perpendicular church, and a particularly pleasing one". The pulpit is in the Arts & Crafts style and was designed by Hughes. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) records a Hanoverian coat of arms painted on slate.
St Nefydd and St Mary is a Grade I listed building. Its Cadw listing record calls it a "fine and well-preserved late medieval parish church". A bier house and a sundial in the churchyard are both listed at Grade II.
# Tjark Ernst

Tjark Ernst (born 15 March 2003) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for 2. Bundesliga club Hertha BSC.

## Club career

Ernst is a youth product of the German clubs TSG Niederdorfelden, DJK Arminia Bochum and Bochum. On 12 February 2022, he first made a senior match day squad as the backup goalkeeper for Bochum in a Bundesliga match against Bayern Munich. On 30 June 2022, he transferred to Hertha BSC on a contract until 2026 and was originally assigned to their reserves. He made his senior and professional debut with Hertha in a 2–1 Bundesliga win over Wolfsburg on 27 May 2023.

## International career

Ernst is a youth international for Germany, having played at every youth level for them. In September 2023, he was called up to the Germany U21s for a 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification match.

## Personal life

Ernst's father Thomas Ernst was also a professional football goalkeeper, and his mother Kerstin Pohlmann was also a professional footballer.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 19 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| VfL Bochum | 2021–22 | Bundesliga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Hertha BSC II | 2022–23 | Regionalliga Nordost | 6 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Hertha BSC | 2022–23 | Bundesliga | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Hertha BSC | 2023–24 | 2. Bundesliga | 27 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 30 | 0 |
| Hertha BSC | Total | Total | 28 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 31 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 34 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
# Fecal pH test

A faecal pH test is one where a specimen of faeces is tested for acidity in order to diagnose a medical condition.
The pH of human faeces is variable but the average is pH 6.6 (acidic) for normal faeces. A lower faecal pH (very acidic stool) can indicate a digestive problem such poor absorption of carbohydrates or fats, lactose intolerance, an infection such as E. coli or rotavirus, or overgrowth of acid-producing bacteria (such as lactic acid bacteria).

## Test procedure

The test is fast and can be performed in a doctor's office. A patient must not be receiving antibiotics. At least half a milliliter of feces is collected, and a strip of nitrazine paper is dipped in the sample and compared against a color scale. A pH of less than 5.5 indicates an acidic sample.

## Results

Unhealthy individuals with a higher or lower pH rate have been observed having a higher mortality rate. A high alkaline pH rating is associated with the body's inability to create enough acid along with undigested food.
# Bishop Garrison

Bishop Garrison is an American lawyer. He was a senior advisor to the Secretary of Defense and later the acting chief of staff at the Selective Service System under President Joe Biden.
Garrison is currently the vice president of policy at the Intelligence and National Security Alliance.

## Early life and education

Bishop Garrison was raised in Lexington, South Carolina. He graduated in 1998 from Lexington High School. Garrison graduated from the US Military Academy in 2002 and was commissioned as an air defense officer.

## Career

Garrison served two tours in Operation Iraqi Freedom as a platoon leader and later signal officer with the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment. After leaving the military as a captain, Garrison graduated from William & Mary Law School in 2010. After law school, he was a national security consultant.

### Obama administration

Garrison joined the second term of the Obama Administration serving at the Department of Defense as the deputy White House liaison. Later, he served as the White House liaison at the Department of Veterans Affairs. Garrison then was an advisor at the Department of Homeland Security on science and technology.
After leaving the Obama Administration, Garrison worked on the Hillary Clinton campaign as deputy foreign policy advisor. From 2018 to 2019 Garrison served as the interim executive director of the Truman National Security Project. Later, he was the director of national security outreach at Human Rights First.

### Biden administration

From 2021 to 2022, Garrison served in the Biden Administration as the senior advisor to the Secretary of Defense for human capital and diversity, equity, and inclusion. In this role, he advised the Secretary and Deputy Secretary on workforce-related issues including co-leading the development of the first-of-its-kind HBCU consortium University Affiliated Research Center; leading the department’s efforts on extremist activity; and serving as a liaison on sexual assault response and prevention.

## In media

Garrison is a frequent commentator on national security issues, especially personnel matters and artificial intelligence.
# CZ Loko

CZ Loko is a Czech locomotive and railway vehicle repair, modernisation, and manufacturing company, based in Česká Třebová.

## History

The company was founded as Českomoravská komerční společnost, in 1995, based in Nymburk. In 1999, the company was renamed ČMKS holding, as.. In 2006, the company moved to Česká Třebová, and was renamed CZ Loko.

## Products

CZ Loko manufacturers several types of diesel shunting locomotives, as well as full sized diesel and electric locomotives.

### HybridShunter 400

The HybridShunter 400 is a battery-electric shunting locomotive, first produced in 2019. A two axle locomotive, mainly powered by batteries, which have an estimated life of 24 to 48 hours. The Loco is also fitted with a 44KW Caterpillar to be used as a backup.

### EFIShunter Range

The EFFIShunter range are CZ Loko's diesel shunting locomotives. The 300 is the smallest locomotive on offer, with the 600, 1000, and 1600 offering higher levels of power, giving 563KW, 895KW, and 1550KW respectively. There is also the C30-M available, a heavy duty version of the 1600 built for 1520mm gauge.

## Other services

The company is also known for its modernisation of locomotives, such as former ČD Brejlovec locomotives, ČD Class 750 and ČD Class 753, which have been refurbished for Czech, Italian, Slovakian, and Hungarian operators. The company has also modernised other former ČD locomotives, such as the ČD Class 740 and ČD Class 742.
# 2003–04 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship

The 2003–04 All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship was the inaugural staging of the All-Ireland Intermediate Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association.
The All-Ireland final was played on 25 April 2004 at Páirc Mhearnóg in Portmarnock, between Ilen Rovers and St. Michael's. Ilen Rovers won the match by 1-11 to 1-04 to claim their first ever championship title.
# Herman Berendsen

Herman Johan Christiaan Berendsen (22 September 1934 – 7 October 2019) was a Dutch chemist. He was a professor of physical chemistry at the University of Groningen from 1967 to 1999.

## Career

Berendsen was born on 22 September 1934 in Apeldoorn. In 1962, he obtained his PhD cum laude from the University of Groningen, with a dissertation titled: "An NMR study of collagen hydration". In March 1963, Berendsen was appointed lector of physical chemistry at his alma mater, and four years later became full professor. He retired in 1999. At Groningen, Berendsen was group leader of molecular dynamics.
In 1976, Berendsen and Wilfred van Gunsteren together with the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners Martin Karplus and Michael Levitt were involved in the start of theories on molecular calculating.
Berendsen was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979. In 2013 he was awarded the Berni J. Alder Prize by the Centre européen de calcul atomique et moléculaire. The jury amongst other points praised his development of the GROningen MOlecular Simulation (GROMOS) type of force field.

## Literature

Samulski, E.T. The Magical Power of Water: A Reminiscence of Herman Johan Christiaan Berendsen. The Protein Journal 42, 168–176 (2023).
# Oche

The oche /ˈɒki/, also the throw line or toe line, in the game of darts is the line behind which the throwing player must stand. For steel tip darts, it is generally 7 ft 9+1⁄4 in (2.37 m) from the face of the dartboard, measured perpendicularly. This is the recognized world standard as set by the World Darts Federation and is used in most areas. The diagonal distance from the bull's eye to the oche, 9 ft 7+3⁄8 in (2.93 m), may also be used. In soft tipped darts, the perpendicular distance is 8 ft (2.44 m), as set by the American National Dart Association. This was the original distance first standardized by the British Darts Organisation for all darts.
The throwing player must stand so that no portion of either foot extends past the edge of the oche closest to the dartboard. One or both feet may touch any other portion, and the player may lean forward over the oche if desired.

## Origin

The origin of the term is unknown, though it probably came into use in the 1920s. It was originally spelled hockey, only becoming oche in the late 1970s.
There is a popular (but unsubstantiated) theory that there was a brewery called "S. Hockey and Sons" in the West Country of England whose beer crates were used to measure out the 9 feet (2.7 m) from the dartboard. This tale is also sometimes associated with the phrase "toeing the hockey". However, according to a statement made by the Brewery History Society in the 1990s, no records of such a brewery can be found.
Another theory traces the term's origin to darts competitions held in the 1920s by an English newspaper, the News of the World. This newspaper used the word hockey for the throwing line in their tournament rules, and may have been the first to do so. Hockey might be derived from the Old English word hocken which meant 'to spit'. It is said that spitting competitions were held in the bars of English public houses, and that the "hockey line" was determined by the length that a given player could spit from a position with his back to the dartboard.
Eric Partridge suggested that the term comes from hoggins line.
# Charlotte Hosmer Chapin

Charlotte Mary Chapin (née Hosmer; 12 December 1902 – July 1970) was an American female tennis player who was ranked No. 3 in the United States in 1927.
She reached the final of the women's doubles competition at the 1926 U.S. National Championships (now US Open). With partner Mary K. Browne she lost the final in three sets against Eleanor Goss and Elizabeth Ryan. Her best singles performance at a Grand Slam tournament came in 1927 when she reached the semifinals at the U.S. National Championships which she lost in three sets to Betty Nuthall after having defeated eight-time singles champion Molla Bjurstedt Mallory in the quarterfinal. Hosmer Chapin participated in the 1927 Wightman Cup, the team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. Partnering Eleanor Goss she lost her doubles match against Gwendolyn Sterry and Betty Hill in three sets.
She won the singles title at the Pacific Coast Championships in June 1923, defeating Avery Follett in a three-sets final. In 1923 and 1925 she was the singles runner-up to Helen Wills. She was also runner-up to Wills in the 1923 California State Championships. Hosmer Chapin won the singles title at the Illinois State Championships in July 1925 after a win in three sets in the final against 16-year old Helen Jacobs. At the Eastern Grass Court Championships she was the finalist at the first two editions, in 1927 and 1928, losing the final to Molla Bjurstedt Mallory and May Sutton Bundy respectively.
On January 18, 1926, she married tennis player Alfred H. Chapin Jr. in San Francisco.

## Grand Slam finals
### Doubles (1 runner-up)

| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Partners | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1926 | U.S. Championships | Grass | Mary K. Browne | Eleanor Goss Elizabeth Ryan | 6–3, 4–6, 10–12 |
# Stuck on You (Elvis Presley song)

"Stuck on You" was Elvis Presley's first hit single after his two-year stint in the US Army, reaching number one in 1960 in the US.
He recorded the song during March 1960, and the single was released within weeks and went to number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in late-April 1960, becoming his first number-one single of the 1960s and thirteenth overall. "Stuck on You" also peaked at number six on the R&B chart. The song knocked Percy Faith's "Theme from A Summer Place" from the top spot, ending its nine-week run at number one on the chart. The record reached number three in the UK.
The song was written by Aaron Schroeder and J. Leslie McFarland and published by Gladys Music, Elvis Presley's publishing company. The single had a special picture sleeve with the RCA Victor logo and catalog number on the top right corner and included, in large letters, "ELVIS" in red on the top right. On the bottom left appeared the statement: "Elvis' 1st new recording for his 50,000,000 fans all over the world," in reference to his previous hits compilation 50,000,000 Elvis Fans Can't Be Wrong. The U.S. picture sleeve had photos of Elvis on the left top corner and the lower right corner. The New Zealand sleeve did not have the photographs on the corners but had the "45 R.P.M." designation on the top right corner.

## Personnel

Sourced from AFM contracts.
The Blue Moon Boys
* Elvis Presley - lead vocals, acoustic rhythm guitar
* Scotty Moore - lead guitar
* D. J. Fontana - drums
Additional personnel and production staff
* Hank Garland - six-string “tic-tac” bass guitar
* Bob Moore - double bass
* Floyd Cramer - piano
* Buddy Harman - drums
* The Jordanaires - backing vocals

## Chart performance
### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Jopie van Oudtshoorn

Jopie van Oudtshoorn (born 5 February 1976) is a South African sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.
His personal best time is 44.75 seconds, achieved in April 1999 in Germiston. Together with Hendrick Mokganyetsi, Adriaan Botha and Arnaud Malherbe he holds the South African record in 4 x 400 metres relay with 3:00.20 minutes, achieved at the 1999 World Championships in Seville where South Africa finished fourth. The team was subsequently awarded bronze medals for a third place in the same race, following a positive drugs test in the US team. van Oudtshoorn also ran for the South African team that finished fourth at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
On the individual level, van Oudtshoorn won a bronze medal at the 1999 Summer Universiade in the 400 metres.