OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Raid on Madrid

The Raid on Madrid was a small raid by Canadian Militia and Royal Marines on the village of Madrid, New York, during the War of 1812.

## Background

With the withdrawal of Wilkinson's Army from their winter quarters along the Salmon River, the British and Canadians believed it was a good time to launch a raid and attempt to capture any supplies that had been abandoned in the American retreat.
Capt. Reuben Sherwood of the 1st Leeds Militia formulated a plan to raid the village of Madrid for any vital supplies.

## Raid

Late in the evening on February 6, 1814, Sherwood took a force of 23 Royal Marines, 11 members of the Incorporated Militia of Upper Canada, and 20 men from the Dundas Militia and crossed the St. Lawrence River in boats manned by the Dundas men. They marched through Hamilton and then turned and marched 14 miles to Madrid arriving late that night. There they recovered property belonging to Kingston merchants which had been seized when their seven bateaux were captured near Cornwall in late October by privateers from Hamilton.
Sherwood and his men commandeered as many sleighs as possible from the area and loaded them full with supplies and stores from Madrid. They began their return to the river on the morning of February 7, and crossed back over that afternoon in boats once again manned by men of the Dundas Militia.

## Aftermath

The raid was successful, though 20 sleigh loads had to be left behind due to lack of space in the boats. The supplies were taken to Cornwall and Gen. Morrison was convinced to launch a larger scale raid in the area, resulting in the Salmon River Raid later that month.
# Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska

Monika Antonina Adamczyk-Garbowska (born 1956 in Lublin) is a Polish literature expert, professor of humanistic studies, and expert in the field of American and comparative literature.

## Biography

She got her habilitation in 1995. She is the manager of the Institute for Jewish Culture and History (Zakład Kultury i Historii Żydów) in the Humanistic department of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. Her job is translating literature from English and Yiddish. She is also an editor for the magazine "Akcent". Member of the editorial office in charge of the newspaper "Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry” published by Brandeis University in the United States.
From 1998 to 1999 she was a Fulbright Visiting Scholar at Brandeis University.

## Publications

* Polska Isaaca Bashevisa Singera – rozstanie i powrót (1994)
* Contemporary Jewish Writing in Poland. An Anthology (2001, along with Antony Polonsky)
* Odcienie tożsamości. Literatura żydowska jako zjawisko wielojęzyczne (2004)
* Kazimierz vel Kuzmir. Miasteczko różnych snów (2006)
* Następstwa zagłady Żydów. Polska 1944–2010 (co-editor: Feliks Tych, 2011)

## Translations

* Fredzia Phi-Phi (1986) – translation of Winnie the Pooh
* Sztukmistrz z Lublina (2024) – translation of The Magician of Lublin (the Polish translation was done directly from Yiddish and not from English, as it was done before)

## Awards

In 2004 she received the scientific award, named after Jan Karski and Pola Nireńska, for studies on Yiddish literature.
# Victor's Way

Victor's Way (previously Victoria's Way), located near Roundwood, County Wicklow, Ireland, is a privately owned meditation garden which contains black granite sculptures. The 9-hectare property includes a number of small lakes and forested areas.

## The park

The park, which has been known both as Victor's Way and Victoria's Way, closed in 2015, with the owner stating that "Too may day-trippers came turned it into a fun park for parents with children. It was designed as a contemplative garden for over 28's". The owner re-opened the garden, under its original name of Victor's Way, in April 2016, with new age restrictions and higher entrance fee.
The park is open to the public during the summer months. A plaque by the entrance says the park is dedicated to cryptographer Alan Turing.

## Ownership

The park is owned and maintained by Victor Langheld, who was born in 1940 in Berlin and has lived with a number of different religious orders in India. He has also travelled in Thailand, Japan, and Sri Lanka. Family inheritance allowed Langheld to spend most of his adult life travelling to spiritual sites in Asia, before travelling to Ireland and sponsoring the construction of the sculpture park.
Langheld designed most of the sculptures, and continues to curate the park and welcome visitors.

## Sculptures

Most of the park's statues are made of black granite and range in height from 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 m) to 16 feet (4.9 m). The first structure by the entrance is a sculpted tunnel based on the idea of vagina dentata. The first statue added to the park was the fasting Buddha.
Eight statues are dedicated to Ganesha, showing the elephant god dancing, reading, and playing musical instruments. All the Ganesha sculptures were made in Tamil Nadu, India, and each took five craftsmen a year to make.
A number of the sculptures include small motifs of modernity, such as a small pint of Guinness beside a Ganesha. One of the bronzes is a "copy" of a Gandhara-era sculpture.
* Fasting Buddha - the first statue in the park
* The entrance to Victor's Way
* Lord Shiva
* Band of Ganeshas
# Jungle Rhythm

Jungle Rhythm is a Mickey Mouse short animated film first released on November 15, 1929, as part of the Mickey Mouse film series. It was the thirteenth Mickey Mouse short to be produced, the tenth of that year.

## Plot

Mickey Mouse wanders into a jungle and comes across several animals, including elephants, monkeys, and lions. A monkey and parrot begin playing a tune on Mickey's accordion, and it turns into a concert for the jungle animals. Mickey dances with a lion, a bear and a pair of monkeys to the tune of Johann Strauss' The Blue Danube. Then two ostriches dance as Mickey plays "Auld Lang Syne" on a makeshift saxophone. Mickey continues with "Aloha 'Oe", "Turkey in the Straw" and "Yankee Doodle", and the animals applaud.

## Legacy

Jungle Rhythm was the inspiration for the first adventure storyline in the 1930 Mickey Mouse comic strip.
Jungle Rhythm is also a "Projector Screen" level in the 2010 Wii game Epic Mickey. It sets apart Mean Street and Ventureland, and later Tortooga and the Jungle.

## Reception

Disney had some trouble with the state censors over this cartoon, due to the suggestive hula-dancing lion.
In his book Mickey's Movies: The Theatrical Films of Mickey Mouse, Gijs Grob writes: "Jungle Rhythm is one of the most boring early Mickey Mouse shorts: there's no plot, no dialogue, no song, and the dance routines resemble the worst in contemporary Silly Symphonies. Moreover, it remains unclear what Mickey, who until now we had known is a barnyard and small-town dweller, is doing in the jungle."
In the Disney Film Project, Ryan Kilpatrick observes: "Ub Iwerks' silly dancing numbers are constantly amusing. We get two monkeys in one sequence and two ostriches in another. We also get a lion that pushes its mane down to use as a grass skirt and become a hula dancer. All three are great flowing animation that are fun to watch, even if they're not necessarily story driven."
The Film Daily (December 8, 1929) wrote: "Mickey, Master Musician: The jungle beasts serving Mickey as musical instruments. His playing is such as to set the whole animal population a-dancing. In fact, it is his musical ability alone that stands between him and annihilation. The little fellow is fully aware that 'music soothes the savage breast'. He reveals an amazing mastery of every instrument. Again Mickey shows that he is a performer to be relied upon. Plenty of fun, especially for the young."
Motion Picture News (January 11, 1930) said: "Mark this down as a real laugh-getter. Mickey Mouse in the jungle getting the whole animal gang going by virtue of his musical ramblings on a wide variety of instruments. There are a number of clever gags which assure it many real laughs."

## Home media

The short was released on December 7, 2004, on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White, Volume Two: 1929-1935.
# Paul Baier

Paul Baier (born February 2, 1985) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who mainly played in the American Hockey League (AHL).

## Playing career

Baier was drafted in the third round, 95th overall, by the Los Angeles Kings in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Prior to playing professional hockey, Baier attended Brown University.
Unsigned from the Kings he participated in the Buffalo Sabres training camp prior to the 2008–09 season before he was released to AHL affiliate, the Portland Pirates. Following his first full professional season with the Pirates Baier was invited to the Ottawa Senators training camp on September 12, 2009, and played the 2009–10 season with AHL affiliate, the Binghamton Senators.
The following season Baier returned to the Rochester Americans, signing a one-year contract on September 14, 2010.
Baier became a free agent for the 2011–12 season, and was signed by the Hershey Bears to a one-year AHL contract in July 2011. Subsequently, the Washington Capitals invited him to their training camp in September 2011.
However, Baier began the 2011–12 season with the Capitals' and Bears' ECHL affiliate the South Carolina Stingrays. On January 24, 2012, with only two games with the Hershey Bears, Baier was mutually released from his contract and immediately joined the Italian Serie A for the remainder of the year.
On July 29, 2013, he was signed to a one-year deal, alongside his younger brother Eric, as a free agent with the Orlando Solar Bears of the ECHL. After just 12 games with the Solar Bears, Baier announced his retirement midseason on January 23, 2014.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2002–03 | Deerfield Academy | HS Prep | 25 | 2 | 15 | 17 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2003–04 | Deerfield Academy | HS Prep | 23 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2004–05 | Brown University | ECAC | 32 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 24 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005–06 | Brown University | ECAC | 30 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2006–07 | Brown University | ECAC | 32 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 55 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2007–08 | Brown University | ECAC | 31 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 38 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2007–08 | Rochester Americans | AHL | 9 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2008–09 | Portland Pirates | AHL | 62 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 67 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2009–10 | Binghamton Senators | AHL | 62 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 49 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2010–11 | Rochester Americans | AHL | 65 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 80 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011–12 | South Carolina Stingrays | ECHL | 39 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011–12 | Hershey Bears | AHL | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2011–12 | SG Cortina | ITA | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 16 |
| 2012–13 | HC Valpellice | ITA | 19 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 16 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2013–14 | Orlando Solar Bears | ECHL | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | — | — | — | — | — |
| AHL totals | AHL totals | AHL totals | 200 | 8 | 27 | 35 | 206 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
# Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shiism

Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shiism is a non-fiction book by Ingvild Flaskerud about the practise of Shiism in Iran. It was published in 2010 by Continuum International Publishing Group.
# Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar

Mohd Khuzzan bin Abu Bakar is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Johor State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under former Menteris Besar Osman Sapian and Sahruddin Jamal from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH state administration in February 2020 and Member of the Johor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Semerah from May 2018 to March 2022. He is a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH coalition.

## Election results

Parliament of Malaysia :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 2013 | P149 Sri Gading | | Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar (PKR) | 16,692 | 42.64% | | Ab Aziz Kaprawi (UMNO) | 22,453 | 57.36% | 39,818 | 5,761 | 89.03% |
Johor State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 2018 | N17 Semerah | Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar (PKR) | 12,619 | 42.84% | Mohd Ismail Roslan (UMNO) | 12,521 | 42.51% | 29,846 | 98 | 83.94% |
| 2018 | N17 Semerah | Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar (PKR) | 12,619 | 42.84% | Adnan Othman (PAS) | 4,314 | 14.65% | 29,846 | 98 | 83.94% |
| 2022 | N17 Semerah | Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar (PKR) | 6,265 | 22.44% | Mohd Fared Mohd Khalid (UMNO) | 12,542 | 44.93% | 27,916 | 4,041 | 59.85% |
| 2022 | N17 Semerah | Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar (PKR) | 6,265 | 22.44% | Ariss Samsudin (BERSATU) | 8,501 | 30.45% | 27,916 | 4,041 | 59.85% |
| 2022 | N17 Semerah | Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar (PKR) | 6,265 | 22.44% | Mahdzir Ibrahim (PEJUANG) | 361 | 1.29% | 27,916 | 4,041 | 59.85% |
| 2022 | N17 Semerah | Mohd Khuzzan Abu Bakar (PKR) | 6,265 | 22.44% | Kamarolzaman Mohd Jidin (PUTRA) | 247 | 0.88% | 27,916 | 4,041 | 59.85% |
# Isake Katonibau

Isake Camaibau Katonibau (born 27 May 1983) is a Fijian former rugby union international.

## Early life and education

Katonibau was born in Suva and educated at Marist Brothers High School.

## Career

In 2012, Katonibau was capped three times for the Flying Fijians in the Pacific Nations Cup. He made his appearances as a centre and scored a try on debut in a win over Japan in Nagoya.
Katonibau is a former captain of the Fiji rugby sevens team and was a member of the side that won the 2015 Hong Kong Sevens tournament. He was a forward in rugby sevens.
Injury problems caused Katonibau to be withdrawn from the sevens squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics and an assault charge in 2018, for allegedly striking a police officer, caused further interruptions to his career.
# Joe Nasilisili

Josateki Nasilisili (born 25 August 1983) is a Fijian former professional rugby union player.
A centre, Nasilisili played his rugby in Fiji with Naitasiri and was capped twice for the national team, coming on off the bench against Tonga and Samoa in Apia at the 2010 IRB Pacific Nations Cup.
Nasilisili represented the Fiji Police rugby league team at the 2013 World Cup in England, where they were beaten in the final by Australia, after which he was signed to play professional rugby union with Strasbourg.
# Fredrik Karlström

Fredrik Karlström (born 12 January 1998) is a Swedish professional ice hockey forward for the Bridgeport Islanders in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the Dallas Stars where was drafted in the third round, 90th overall, of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft.

## Playing career

During the 2018–19 season, Karlström was briefly loaned to his youth club, AIK in the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv) on from his SHL club, Linköping HC. Karlström returned after 6 games to finish the season in the SHL with 10 points in 45 games.
Out of contract with Linköping in the off-season, Karlström left to sign a two-year contract with rival club, the Växjö Lakers, on 8 April 2019.
On 2 June 2020, Karlström was signed to a two-year, entry-level contract with the Dallas Stars. It was announced that Karlström would continue his development with the Växjö Lakers on loan from the Stars for the 2020–21 season.
At the conclusion of his contract with the Stars following the 2023–24 season, Karlström left as a free agent and was signed to a one-year, two-way contract with the New York Islanders on July 2, 2024.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2014–15 | AIK | J20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015–16 | AIK | J20 | 44 | 13 | 20 | 33 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 4 |
| 2015–16 | AIK | Allsv | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2016–17 | AIK | J20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 0 |
| 2016–17 | AIK | Allsv | 45 | 9 | 15 | 24 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2017–18 | Linköping HC | J20 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017–18 | Linköping HC | SHL | 35 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018–19 | Linköping HC | SHL | 45 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2018–19 | AIK | Allsv | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2019–20 | Växjö Lakers | SHL | 52 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2020–21 | Växjö Lakers | SHL | 51 | 10 | 15 | 25 | 14 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 2 |
| 2021–22 | Texas Stars | AHL | 65 | 16 | 13 | 29 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2021–22 | Dallas Stars | NHL | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022–23 | Texas Stars | AHL | 47 | 10 | 16 | 26 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2022–23 | Dallas Stars | NHL | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2023–24 | Texas Stars | AHL | 72 | 21 | 23 | 44 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 0 |
| SHL totals | SHL totals | SHL totals | 183 | 26 | 34 | 60 | 34 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 2 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2017 | Sweden | WJC | 4th | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| 2018 | Sweden | WJC | | 7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | Junior totals | 14 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
# 1978 Cork Junior Hurling Championship

The 1978 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the 81st staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.
On 5 November 1978, Mayfield won the championship following a 2-08 to 0-03 defeat of Carritwohill in the final at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork. It was their first ever championship title.
# Tomoyuki

Tomoyuki is a masculine Japanese given name.

## Written forms

Tomoyuki can be written using many different combinations of kanji characters. Some examples:
* 友之, "friend, of"
* 友幸, "friend, happiness"
* 友行, "friend, go"
* 友恭, "friend, respectful"
* 友志, "friend, determination"
* 知之, "know, of"
* 知幸, "know, happiness"
* 知行, "know, go"
* 知恭, "know, respectful"
* 知志, "know, determination"
* 智之, "intellect, of"
* 智幸, "intellect, happiness"
* 智行, "intellect, go"
* 共行, "together, go"
* 朋幸, "companion, happiness"
* 朝之, "morning/dynasty, of"
* 朝幸, "morning/dynasty, happiness"
* 朝行, "morning/dynasty, go"
The name can also be written in hiragana ともゆき or katakana トモユキ.

## Notable people with the name

* Tomoyuki Arakawa (荒川 知幸, born 1968), Japanese mathematician
* Tomoyuki Arata (荒田 智之, born 1985), Japanese footballer
* Tomoyuki Dan (檀 臣幸, 1963–2013), Japanese actor and voice actor
* Tomoyuki Furumaya (古厩 智之, born 1968), Japanese film director
* Tomoyuki Higuchi (footballer) (樋口 知行, born 1985), Japanese footballer
* Tomoyuki Hirase (平瀬 智行, born 1977), Japanese footballer
* Tomoyuki Hoshino (星野 智幸, born 1965), Japanese writer
* Tomoyuki Kajino (梶野 智幸, born 1960), Japanese footballer
* Tomoyuki Kawabata (河端 朋之, born 1985), Japanese cyclist
* Tomoyuki Kōno (河野 智之, born 1971), Japanese voice actor
* Tomoyuki Kubota (久保田 智之, born 1981), Japanese baseball player
* Tomoyuki Matsuda (松田 知幸, born 1975), Japanese sport shooter
* Tomoyuki Nishita (西田 友是, born 1949), Japanese computer scientist
* Tomoyuki Sakai (酒井 友之, born 1979), Japanese footballer
* Tomoyuki Sasaki (佐々木 共之, born 1963), Japanese sailor
* Tomoyuki Sato (佐藤 智之, born 1981), Japanese long-distance runner
* Tomoyuki Sugano (菅野 智之, born 1989), Japanese baseball player
* Tomoyuki Suzuki (鈴木 智幸, born 1985), Japanese footballer
* Tomoyuki Tanaka (田中 友幸, 1910–1997), Japanese film producer
* Tomoyuki Yamashita (山下 奉文, 1885–1946), Japanese Imperial Army general
* Tomoyuki Yoshino (吉野 智行, born 1980), Japanese footballer
# Janaesia hibernans

Janaesia hibernans is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Biobío Region of Chile, the Puno Region of Peru and bordering region in Bolivia as well as Neuquén in Argentina.
The wingspan is about 45 mm. Adults are on wing from January to February.
# Kasalanan ang Buhayin Ka

Kasalanan ang Buhayin Ka (trans. It's a Sin to Bring You Back to Life) is a 1990 Philippine action film directed by Francis "Jun" Posadas. The film stars Cesar Montano, Rita Avila and John Regala.

## Plot

Following an altercation with the most prominent criminal family in their town, Jimmy (Cesar) loses his eyesight and people closest to him, including his fiancee Carmen (Vivian). He meets Nancy (Rita), a club dancer and a single mother who gives him a reason to plot revenge against his tormentors. Conflict arises when the woman and her son Biboy (Billy Joe) who gave him a purpose to live again are connected to the same family that gave him hell.

## Cast

* Cesar Montano as Jimmy
* Joel Torre as Digs
* John Regala as Mateo
* Rita Avila as Nancy
* Vivian Foz as Carmen
* Jojo Alejar as Pinggoy
* Billy Joe Crawford as Biboy
* Jovit Moya as Erning
* Vanessa Escaño
* Odette Khan as Mrs. Valdez
* Mary Walter as Jimmy's Grandmother
* Dan Fernandez as Ding
* Cris Daluz as Enciong
* Ros Olgado
* Joseph de Cordova
* Turko Cervantes
* Edmund Cupcupin as Dr. Mercado

## Production

Jestoni Alarcon was originally cast as the leading role, but turned it down in favor of another movie. Eventually, the role went to Cesar Montano, marking his first major role in an action film. Ogie Alcasid was commissioned to sing the movie theme song composed by Rey Magtoto.
# 1931 Cork Junior Hurling Championship

The 1931 Cork Junior Hurling Championship was the 35th staging of the Cork Junior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board.
On 9 November 1931, Blackrock won the championship following a 3–07 to 1–01 defeat of Skibberreen in the final at Clonakilty Sportsfield. This was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1910.
# Skarżyn, Łódź Voivodeship

Skarżyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Oporów, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Oporów, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Kutno, and 58 km (36 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Skotniki, Gmina Zgierz

Skotniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Zgierz and 8 km (5 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Behind the 1953 Coup in Iran

Behind the 1953 Coup in Iran: Thugs, Turncoats, Soldiers, and Spooks is a 2014 book by Ali Rahnema in which the author examines the historical background of 1953 coup in Iran. It has been translated into French (as La chute de Mossadegh) and Persian.

## Content

Rahnema tries to provide a historical reconstruction of the 1953 coup d'état which overthrew Mohammed Mosaddeq's government. Mosaddeq's fall has been the subject of much research and debate due to the role of foreign governments, the sociopolitical impact on Iran, and the enduring influence the ousting had on Iran-US relations. Based on American, British and Iranian sources, the author closely examines the four-day period between the first unsuccessful coup and the second successful one, surveying in fine detail how the two coups were shaped by actors on both the Anglo-American and Iranian sides.

## Reception

The book has already received positive reviews by Ali Gheissari (University of San Diego), John Gurney (Wadham College) and Wm. Roger Louis.
Mark Gasiorowski describes this book as the "best account of how the coup occurred". Fariborz Mokhtari (University of Vermont) calles it "detailed and passionately written". Michael Axworthy appreciates the book but believes that Rahnema "overstates his argument".