OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Château de Commarque

The Château de Commarque is a hillside castle located between Sarlat and Les Eyzies, in the commune of Les Eyzies in the Dordogne department in southern France. It stands on a rocky outcrop in the valley of the river La Beune in the Vézère valley region.

## History

The castle was founded during the 12th century, or possibly slightly prior to it, upon the request of the abbots of Sarlat. At this time the Château de Commarque was only a wooden tower, and its primary concerns were to protect the abbey, to discourage the ambitions of the Beynac family and to ensure the safety of the valley. It was placed at the crossing of two important commercial roads: the road from Périgueux to Cahors and the road from Brive-la-Gaillarde to Bergerac.
After the Beynac family took the control of the castle, the wooden tower was replaced by a stone keep. The fortification was enhanced, and the keep was gradually heightened until the 18th century. The Beynacs, lords of the area, dwelt in the keep.
During the Hundred Years' War, it was captured by the English who held the place for several years. Later during the French Wars of Religion, the castle was taken by the Catholics, due to the Beynacs being Protestant partisans.
Abandoned in the 18th century, the castle was bought in 1972 by Hubert de Commarque who began the rescue of the site. The castle has been undergoing restoration since 1994. It has been listed since 1943 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
There is a prehistoric cave under the castle.
* The castle.
* The keep's tower.
* Façade of a ruined building, with the Knights Templar cross at the top.
* Oven's House and remains of a gable.
* View of Laussel castle through a window in the keep.
# Alex Kindy

Alex Kindy, M.D. (January 8, 1930 – May 6, 2011) was a Canadian politician. Kindy was born in Warsaw, Poland.
His first attempt at entering federal politics was in the 1962 federal election when he ran as an "Independent Liberal" in the Quebec riding of Maisonneuve—Rosemont. He placed last out of five candidates (including the official Liberal candidate) and won 942 votes.
Kindy subsequently joined the Progressive Conservative party and attempted to win a seat from the Quebec riding of Sherbrooke running as "Alexandre Kindy" in the 1968, 1972 and 1974 elections, placing third on each attempt behind the Liberal and Social Credit candidates.
He subsequently moved to Alberta where he won the Tory nomination for Calgary East in the 1984 federal election and was elected to the House of Commons of Canada. He was re-elected in the 1988 federal election in what had become the riding of Calgary Northeast
Kindy was known for his anti-Communist views, and opposed the prosecution of Ukrainians and Balts in Canada accused of perpetrating Nazi war crimes during World War II. He and a fellow Tory MP, Andrew Witer, attempted in 1987 to delay the passage of legislation designed to allow the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in Canada.
Kindy remained a backbench supporter of the Brian Mulroney government until 1990 when the government attempted to pass the Goods and Services Tax into legislation. Kindy and David Kilgour opposed the GST and voted against it in the House of Commons resulting in their expulsion from the Progressive Conservative caucus on April 10, 1990. Kindy continued to sit as a Progressive Conservative MP, though outside of caucus, until May 5, 1993, when he formally became an Independent. He ran for re-election as an independent candidate in the 1993 federal election, and although his stand against the GST was popular with his constituents, he was defeated, coming in fourth place behind Art Hanger of the Reform Party of Canada and the official Progressive Conservative candidate.
The publisher of Comrade J: The Untold Secrets of Russia's Master Spy in America after the End of the Cold War, a book which alleges Kindy was recruited as a spy for the Soviets, halted shipments of the book to Canada due to legal considerations. The book is based on recollections by Sergei Tretyakov, a Soviet spy in Ottawa.
# Mboro

Mboro is a town and urban commune in the Thiès Region of western Senegal. It is located in the Tivaouane Department. The population in 2023 was 40,811.
The town received commune status in 2002. Mboro is situated 25 km west of Tivaouane and 117 km north of Dakar. There is a phosphate mine and factory in Mboro.
# Myadzyel District

Myadzyel District or Miadziel District (Belarusian: Мядзельскі раён, romanized: Miadzielski rajon; Russian: Мядельский район) is a district (raion) of Minsk Region in Belarus. Its administrative center is the town of Myadzyel. As of 2024, it has a population of 24,326.
Four of the main lakes of Belarus are situated in this district: Narach (the largest one), Svir (8th largest), Myadel (11th largest) and Myastro (15th largest).

## Notable residents

* Maksim Tank (1912–1995), journalist, poet and translator
* Dr. Vincent Žuk-Hryškievič (1903–1989), Belarusian emigre politician, President of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic between 1971 and 1982
# Instance (computer science)

In computer science, an instance is an occurrence of a software element that is based on a type definition. When created, an occurrence is said to have been instantiated, and both the creation process and the result of creation are called instantiation.

## Examples
### Class instance

A class instance is an object-oriented programming (OOP) object created from a class. Each instance of a class shares a data layout but has its own memory allocation.

### Computer instance

A computer instance is an occurrence of a virtual machine which typically includes storage, a virtual CPU.

### Polygonal model

A computer graphics polygonal model can be instantiated in order to be drawn several times in different locations in a scene which can improve the performance of rendering since a portion of the work needed to display each instance is reused.

### Program instance

In a POSIX-oriented operating system, program instance refers to an executing process. It is instantiated for a program via system calls such as fork and exec. Each executing process is an instance of a program which it has been instantiated from.
# Eugénie Angot

Eugénie Angot (née Legrand; born 27 June 1970) is a French equestrian. She competed in individual jumping and team jumping at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
Her father was composer Michel Legrand (1932–2019). She was previously married to fellow equestrian Patrice Delaveau. They had a daughter, Camille Delaveau (born c. 1994). They were later divorced. She married Cédric Angot, another fellow equestrian, in 1999. They had one son, Stanislas Angot.
# Nam Kul

Nam Kul (Persian: نام کول) is a village in Zirtang Rural District of Kuhnani District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 724 in 151 households. The following census in 2011 counted 737 people in 182 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 638 people in 187 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Horațiu Pungea

Horațiu Eugen Pungea (born 18 February 1986) is a Romanian rugby union footballer. He plays as a prop for Lyon.
He started his career at CS Universitatea Cluj-Napoca before moving to play for RC Timișoara in the Romanian Rugby Championship. In October 2013 he signed a short-term deal with the Scarlets
He has 30 caps for Romania, having to score yet his first points. He made his international debut on 10 November 2012, in a 23-34 loss to Japan, in Bucharest. He was selected in the Romania squad for their autumn internationals in November 2013. He was called for the 2015 Rugby World Cup. He played in two games as a substitute.
# Haradok District

Haradok District (Belarusian: Гарадоцкі раён; Russian: Городокский район) is a district (raion) of Vitebsk Region in Belarus. Its administrative centre is Haradok.
The largest lakes of the district are Yezyaryscha Lake (the thirteenth largest in Belarus) and Losvida Lake (the eighteenth largest in Belarus).
# Evolved antenna

In radio communications, an evolved antenna is an antenna designed fully or substantially by an automatic computer design program that uses an evolutionary algorithm that mimics Darwinian evolution. This procedure has been used since the early 2000s to design antennas for mission-critical applications involving stringent, conflicting, or unusual design requirements, such as unusual radiation patterns, for which none of the many existing antenna types are adequate.

## Process

The computer program starts with simple antenna shapes, then adds or modifies elements in a semirandom manner to create a number of new candidate antenna shapes. These are then evaluated to determine how well they fulfill the design requirements, and a numerical score is computed for each. Then, in a step similar to natural selection, a portion of the candidate antennas with the worst scores are discarded, leaving a smaller population of the highest-scoring designs. Using these antennas, the computer repeats the procedure, generating a successive population (using operators such as mutation, crossover, and selection) from which the higher-scoring designs are selected. After a number of iterations, the population of antennas is evaluated and the highest-scoring design is chosen. The resulting antenna often outperforms the best manual designs, because it has a complicated asymmetric shape that could not have been found with traditional manual design methods.
The first evolved antenna designs appeared in the mid-1990s from the work of Michielssen, Altshuler, Linden, Haupt, and Rahmat-Samii. Most practitioners use the genetic algorithm technique or some variant thereof to evolve antenna designs.
An example of an evolved antenna is an X-band antenna evolved for a 2006 NASA mission called Space Technology 5 (ST5). The mission's objective was to demonstrate innovative technologies of potential use in future space missions. Each satellite had two communication antennas to talk to ground stations - an evolved antenna with unusual structure, and a more standard, quadrifilar helix antenna. The former was evolved to meet a challenging set of mission requirements, notably the combination of wide beamwidth for a circularly polarized wave and wide impedance bandwidth to cover the up and down link frequencies at X-band. Both antennas were fabricated by the Physical Science Laboratory at New Mexico State University. Their external appearance was essentially identical in that a foam radome covered the radiating elements. The ST5 mission successfully launched on March 22, 2006, and operated for the mission period before being decommissioned by NASA, and so this evolved antenna represents the world's first artificially-evolved object to fly in space. Other evolved antennas were subsequently used on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer spacecraft.
# Meteorinae

Meteorinae is a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps; however, since 2015, most scientists have treated this clade as the Tribe Meteorini in Euphorinae. Several species have been used in biological control programs. The name for this group comes from the pupal stage, which, in species attacking Lepidopteran hosts, hangs suspended from a long thread of silk.

## Description and distribution

Meteorines are characterized by an open 1st subdiscal cell and a four-sided 2nd subdiscal cell of the forewings. They have a distinctive petiolate waist.
They are found worldwide, in habitats where their hosts can be found.

## Biology

Meteorines are koinobiont endoparasitiods of Coleoptera or Lepidoptera larvae. Some species are known to have broad host ranges, meaning they can attack many species of hosts. Most are solitary, laying a single egg per host, but some are gregarious and many larvae develop within a single host. Many species are nocturnal as adults.

## Genera

Two genera are found in North America, Meteorus and Zele. Recent evidence suggests that Meteorus may be paraphyletic with respect to Zele, but synonymyzing the two genera could potentially cause great confusion in the scientific literature.

## Use in biological control

Many hosts of Meteorines are considered pests, especially of forests, making them good candidates for biocontrol projects. Meteorus pulchricornus has been imported to North America on multiple occasions to attempt to control the gypsy moth. M. vesicolor was introduced to the United States in the early 1900s for the control of the brown-tail moth. M. trachynotus was investigated for control of spruce budworm as was M. hypophloei for controlling bark beetles. Other species have been used in control of cutworms, avocado looper, and swallowtail pests on citrus crops.
# The Haunted Hotel

The Haunted Hotel is a 1907 American silent comic trick film written, produced, and directed by J. Stuart Blackton. One of the oldest surviving animated films, it combines live action and stop motion to animate objects.

## Plot

The film starts with an outside view of a small house, obviously a model. The windows and door start moving and the house take the shape of a face. A traveller enters the hotel and things start to move by themselves. A waiter brings the dinner and, on the table, the bread is cut by a knife moving by itself and coffee and sugar are served without human intervention.
A small figure comes out of the milk jug to pour the milk in the cup before returning to the jug. The flabbergasted guest brings out of the jug a napkin which starts dancing by itself and, when he finally catches it, it turns into a sheet. The man finally goes to bed. The room starts turning around. The film ends with a big monster appearing behind the bed and catching into his huge hands the traveler and his blanket.

## Cast

Paul Panzer as The Traveller
William V. Ranous as The Waiter

## Production and reception

For the production of The Haunted Hotel, Blackton combined various tricks such as double exposure or objects hanging from wires with the stop-motion process. Vitagraph advertised the film as "Impressive, indefinable, insoluble, positively the most marvelous film ever invented."
The film became such a hit in Europe and in the United States that it gained "a reputation as the first animated picture (...) and the most popular up to that point". The film became the best-selling American film in France and in all of Europe over 150 prints were delivered. Public response in Paris, where Vitagraph had recently opened an office, "was so strong that all the French producers racked their brains trying to figure out the tricks that made objects move by themselves. After considerable difficulty the secret was discovered and the history of cartoons could begin."
Blackton would continue the use of stop motion in The Humpty Dumpty Circus (1908) and several other short films.
# John Basnett

John Basnett (born 3 January 1957) is an English rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for New Brighton F.C., Winnington Park and for Cheshire in the RFU County Championship competition and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, and at club level for Widnes, as a wing.

## Background

Born in Wallasey, Cheshire, Basnett attended Ellesmere Port Grammar School.

## Playing career
### Rugby union

Basnett started his career as a rugby union player, joining New Brighton F.C. at the age of 16. In 1978, he represented England under-23's against Holland.
Basnett returned to rugby union at the end of his career, playing for Winnington Park.

### Widnes

Basnett turned professional in April 1981, joining rugby league club Widnes.
Basnett played left wing in Widnes 14–14 draw with Hull F.C. in the 1982 Challenge Cup Final during the 1981–82 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 1 May 1982, and played left wing in the 9–18 defeat by Hull F.C. in the replay at Elland Road, Leeds on Wednesday 19 May 1982.
At the end of the 1982–83 season, Basnett scored two tries in the 22–10 win against Hull in the 1982–83 Premiership final at Old Trafford.
During the 1983–84 season, Basnett played left wing in Widnes' 8–12 defeat by Barrow in the 1983 Lancashire Cup Final at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 1 October 1983, and played left wing in the 19–6 victory over Wigan in the 1984 Challenge Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 5 May 1984, in front of a crowd of 80,116.
Basnett was the first Widnes player to score five tries in a match, scoring them in a John Player Trophy tie away to Batley, he later repeated this feat scoring all five tries in a 26–8 league win over Hull Kingston Rovers in 1986.

### Leeds

In August 1987, Basnett was transferred to Leeds for a fee of £50,000.
Basnett played left wing (replaced by substitute Carl Gibson) in Leeds' 14–15 defeat by St. Helens in the 1987–88 John Player Special Trophy Final during the 1987–88 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 9 January 1988.
After one season at Leeds, Basnett was involved in a car crash, and retired due to the injuries suffered in the incident.

### International honours

Basnett won his first cap for Great Britain while at Widnes in 1984 against France. He was selected for the 1984 Great Britain Lions tour as a replacement for the injured Ronnie Duane.
His only other Test appearance for Great Britain was in the 1985–1988 Rugby League World Cup against Australia. Despite Basnett only playing in one game for Great Britain against Australia in 1986, Australian former captain Wally Lewis named him as one of the best English test wingers he had played against. Lewis praised Basnett's efforts in keeping his opposite number Dale Shearer quiet, although Great Britain ultimately lost the third Ashes test 24-15 played at the Central Park ground in Wigan.
# Kropotkin and the Rise of Revolutionary Anarchism

Kropotkin and the Rise of Revolutionary Anarchism, 1872–1886 is a history book by Caroline Cahm that traces anarchist Peter Kropotkin's ideas and influence within European radicalism and socialism during his life.
# MTV Brand New (Dutch TV channel)

MTV Brand New was a 24-hour specialist music channel featuring new music videos, alternative and indie music available in the Netherlands. An Italian version of the channel launched on September 14, 2003. It also launched in Germany in 2011.

## History

MTV Brand New was derived from the hit pan-European MTV music show brand:new which launched in 1999 on MTV's regional channels. The show was known as mtv:new or brand:new on MTV. The show focused primarily on new music releases, cutting edge music videos, introducing new artists and bands, interviews and live performances. The programme was turned into a stand-alone music channel in Italy in 2003. Since then MTV Networks Europe has begun to roll out localized Brand New channels gradually.
In 2006, the flagship program became a stand-alone channel in the Netherlands and Flanders featuring new music videos, alternative, punk and rock videos 24 hours a day without any commercial breaks. In the evening the channel also broadcasts MTV Live shows as well. The channel kicked of on KPN IPTV network, Caiway Cable television, UNET Fiber to the Home network and @Home Cable television on August 1, 2006. Followed by UPC Netherlands on October 5, 2006.
The channel was previously available in Belgium.
The channel identity was designed by Dutch creative studio PostPanic.
On 1 February 2021, the channel was replaced by MTV Hits.
# Bacama language

Bacama (Bachama) is an Afro-Asiatic language of the Chadic branch that is spoken in Nigeria in Adamawa State principally in the Numan, Demsa and Lamurde Local Government Areas by the Bwatiye people. The Dialects are Mulyen, Opalo, and Wa-Duku. Bachama-Yimburu appears to be a closely related but is a distinct language. Bachama is used as a trade language. It is often considered the same language as Bata.

## Numerals

Bachama has a decimal/quinary number system, with both 5 and 10 as bases:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| hido | kpe | mwakin | fwot | tuf | tukoltaka | tukolukpe | fwofwot | dombi hido | bau |
8 is 4-4, 6 and 7 are based on adding to 5, and 9 means '(10) less 1'.

## Example Texts in Bacama

* Gibo ma ḅa ḍa motso da Pwa tsi ne ndso-nogi ka nji-nogi ka nogi. - Mark 3:35 (GWVS 1915)

## Other Resources available in Bacama

Audio Recordings in Bacama
# Dagana, Senegal

Dagana is a town and urban commune situated in the Saint-Louis Region of Senegal and it is the capital of the Dagana Department. Dagana borders Mauritania across the Senegal river.
The different ethnic groups in Dagana include Wolof, Fula (Fula: Fulɓe; French: Peul or Peulh), and Moor.

## History

The village was founded in the 14th century. In 1820 the French installed a fort in Dagana, which was expanded over time.
On June 18th 1833, Njembot Mbodj, lingeer of Waalo, married the Trarza Moorish leader Mohamed El Habib in Dagana.
In March 1908 the French fort was unsuccessfully attacked by the marabout Aly Yoro Dia, who was killed in the attempt.

## In popular culture

In Season 5, Episode 3 of The Grand Tour, presenters Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May use discarded plastic bottles to float cars across the Senegal River at Dagana, as part of a homage to the Dakar Rally.
# GiNaC

GiNaC is a free computer algebra system released under the GNU General Public License. The name is a recursive acronym for "GiNaC is Not a CAS" (Computer Algebra System). This is similar to the GNU acronym "GNU's not Unix".
What distinguishes GiNaC from most other computer algebra systems is that it does not provide a high-level interface for user interaction. Rather, it encourages its users to write symbolic algorithms directly in C++, which is GiNaC's implementation programming language. The algebraic syntax is achieved in C++ through the use of operator overloading. The name GiNaC is also explained by its developers' perception that most "computer algebra systems" put too much emphasis on a high-level interface and too little on interoperability.
GiNaC uses the CLN library for implementing arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Symbolically, it can do multivariate polynomial arithmetic, factor polynomials, compute GCDs, expand series, and compute with matrices. It is equipped to handle certain noncommutative algebras which are extensively used in theoretical high energy physics: Clifford algebras, SU(3) Lie algebras, and Lorentz tensors. Due to this, it is extensively used in dimensional regularization computations – but it is not restricted to physics.
GiNaC is the symbolic foundation in several open-source projects: there is a symbolic extension for GNU Octave, a simulator for magnetic resonance imaging, and since May 2009, Pynac, a fork of GiNaC, provides the backend for symbolic expressions in SageMath.