OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Old Gum Tree

The Old Gum Tree (also known as The Proclamation Tree) is a historic site in Glenelg North, South Australia. Near this tree on 28 December 1836, the British governor John Hindmarsh delivered the proclamation announcing the establishment of Government of the colony of South Australia. A ceremony is held each year at the site on Proclamation Day, with the current Governor reading out Hindmarsh's original speech.
The tree itself, probably a red gum, had died by 1907. Its decayed outer surface was encased in concrete in 1963.
It was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate in 1978 and listed on the South Australian Heritage Register in 1980.
* Old Gum Tree in 1867
* The Old Gum Tree, 1936
* Postage stamp, Australia, 1936
* Postcard from 1903
# Veeran Sundaralingam

Sundaralinga Kudumbanar (died 1799), also known as "Veeran" Sundaralingam Kudumbanar, was an 18th-century CE general from Tamil Nadu, India.

## Fight against British

He was a general of the Poligar Veerapandiya Kattabomman in their fight against the British East India Company. .According to a majority of the accepted historical accounts, he was killed in 1799, while fighting for Kattabomman during the First Polygar War. Another view is that he was killed in the Second Polygar War (1800-1) while assisting Kattabomman's younger brother Oomaithurai.

## Legacy

In 2009, the Tamil Nadu government-issued a policy note to build a memorial for Sundaralingam at Governagiri. He belonged to the Kudumbanar community, which is a subsect of Devendra Kula Vellalar caste, an agricultural and warrior community found in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
# Stefan Drogrishki

Stefan Drogrishki (Macedonian: Стефан Дрогришки; born 9 September 1994) is a Macedonian handball player who plays for GRK Ohrid and the Macedonian national team.
# Norman Cornelius

Norman Cornelius (5 June 1886 – 21 October 1963) was an English cricketer. He played for Gloucestershire between 1910 and 1911.
# Chloe Wilson

Chloe Wilson (born 8 March 2002) is a Northern Irish international lawn bowler.

## Career

Wilson won the Northern Ireland Women's Bowling Association (NIWBA) Pairs Championship in 2018 and on eyear later was chosen for the Irish Emerging Squad. Wilson was selected to represent Northern Ireland in the triples and the fours at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. During 2002, she also won a gold medal at the European Bowls Championships in the triples with Ashleigh Rainey and Lara Reaney.
In 2023, she was selected as part of the All-Ireland team for the sport's blue riband event, the 2023 World Outdoor Bowls Championship on the Gold Coast In Australia. She participated in the women's triples and the women's fours events. In the triples partnering Sophie McIntyre and Shauna O'Neill, the team won a bronze medal after losing to Australia in the semi finals.
In 2024 she won another gold medal at the 2024 European Bowls Championships but this time in the fours.
# Evin Incir

Evin Incir (born 15 June 1984) is a Swedish politician of Kurdish descent for the Swedish Social Democratic Party who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since the 2019 European elections.

## Political career

Incir was born on 15 June 1984 in Diyarbakır, Turkey. She has been serving on the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs since 2019.
In addition to her committee assignments, Incir has been part of the Parliament's delegations to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee since 2019 and to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly since 2021. She is also a member of the European Parliament Anti-Racism and Diversity Intergroup, the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights, the European Parliament Intergroup on Trade Unions and the European Parliament Intergroup on Western Sahara.
In 2023, Incir – together with Malin Björk and Samira Rafaela – alleged in a letter to the President of the European Parliament Roberta Metsola their fellow MEPs Anders Vistisen, Isabella Adinolfi and Cristian Terheș breached Parliament’s rules on offensive language during a debate on the ratification of the 2011 Istanbul convention against gender-based violence and urged Metsola to investigate.

## Recognition

In December 2020, Incir received the Best Newcomer award at The Parliament Magazine's annual MEP Awards.
In June 2022 Incir won the award for diversity, inclusion and social impact at The Parliament Magazine's annual MEP Awards.
In June 2023, Incir was the joint recipient of the Promoting European Value Award, alongside fellow MEP Vlad Gheorghe at The Parliament Magazine's annual MEP Awards
In March 2024 Incir was the joint winner, alongside Irish MEP Frances Fitzgerald, of the "European Values Champion of the Mandate" award at The Parliament Magazine's annual MEP Awards.
# Gunnar Bratlie

Gunnar Bratlie (8 October 1918 – 14 June 1990) was a Norwegian illustrator.
He was born in Fredrikstad, and worked in Oslo and Røros before returning to Fredrikstad in 1981. He is known for his book covers and illustrations, such as the complete works of Selma Lagerlöf and Alexandre Dumas, and the local historical work Fredrikstad bys historie. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was imprisoned with editor of Norsk Ukeblad Ernst Ancher-Hanssen for a caricature of Vidkun Quisling in Norsk Ukeblad in February 1943 (#8). The caricature portrayed Quisling as an unsteady ice skating boy, who was being helped to stand up by a man with a Hitler moustache. Bratlie was imprisoned in Grini concentration camp from 19 February 1943 to 22 March 1945. He continued to draw while inside, and a collection of these drawings was published in 1945 under the title Skisser i smug, with a preface written by co-prisoner and professor Francis Bull. Bratlie kept his sketches hidden in a hollow leg of a table, and they were smuggled out of the camp from time to time. Several of his sketches were also published in the two-volume book Griniboken.
His main techniques were etching and serigraphy, but he also did paintings and acquarels. The first exhibition of his art was in Kunstnerforbundet in 1968. In total he was exhibited about 30 times, as well as several collective exhibitions. His works have been bought by such institutions as the National Gallery of Norway, the Museo del'arte in Pistoia and the Accademia delle bell'arte in Catania.
From 1978 to 1985 he was granted the State Guarantee Income for Artists. He died in June 1990 and was buried in Glemmen.
# Elena Bunina

Elena Igorevna Bunina (Russian: Елена Игоревна Бунина; born 12 May 1976) is a Russian-Israeli businesswoman. She was the CEO of Yandex from 2017 to 2022. She resigned her position two weeks early. Following her resignation, she immigrated to Israel following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
As of 2022, she is a professor in the mathematics department of Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel, and a scientific advisor at the Y-Data school of data science in Israel.

## Early life and education

Elena Igorevna Bunina was born May 12, 1976, in Moscow, Soviet Russia, and is of Jewish background. Her father Igor Bunin [ru] was a historian.
Bunina finished Moscow State School 57, where she later taught mathematical analysis. Bunina graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics at the Moscow State University in 1998.

## Scientific career

At the Department of Higher Algebra at Moscow State University, under the guidance of Professor Alexander Vasilyevich Mikhalev, she defended her PhD thesis for the degree of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences on the topic "Elementary equivalence of linear and algebraic groups".
In 2001 she began teaching programming at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University, since 2005 she has worked at the Department of Higher Algebra of Moscow State University, where she taught algebra until 2022. Also, at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, she was the head of the Department of Data Analysis at the FPMI until 2022.
In 2010 she defended her dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Sciences on the topic "Automorphisms and elementary equivalence of Chevalley groups and other derived structures".
She is the author and co-author of more than 50 scientific articles on elementary properties of algebraic structures and other issues of algebra and mathematical logic.  In 2023 she became a professor at the Department of Mathematics at Israel's Bar-Ilan University.

## Personal life

Bunina is married, and has four children.
# Nikola Kosteski

Nikola Kosteski (Macedonian: Никола Костески) (born 22 August 1992) is a Macedonian handball player who plays for Talent Plzeň.
His brother Nenad Kosteski is also a handball player.
# Firmin Ngrébada

Firmin Ngrébada (born 24 May 1968) is a Central African politician who served as Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 25 February 2019 to 15 June 2021. He was appointed after a peace deal was signed between the government and 14 armed groups to try to suppress violence in the ongoing civil war. He also led the Central African Republic's delegation in the negotiations of the peace deal.

## Political career

Firmin Ngrebada graduated in law in 1988, then he obtained a master's degree in public law in 1994, at the University of Bangui. He entered public service in October 1993, inspecting social and labor law.
Ngrébada served as Deputy Cabinet Director under Simplice Sarandji when Sarandji was Cabinet Director and Faustin-Archange Touadéra was Prime Minister. He went on to become the cabinet director of the Central African Republic, and chief of staff to the President. On 25 February 2019, Ngrébada was sworn in as Prime Minister.
On 10 June 2021, Ngrébada and his entire cabinet resigned following the withdrawal of 160 French soldiers from the country earlier that week.
# Fiqh Council of North America

The Fiqh Council of North America (originally known as ISNA Fiqh Committee) is an association of Muslims who interpret Islamic law on the North American continent. The FCNA was founded in 1986 with the goal of developing legal methodologies for adopting Islamic law to life in the West.
According to its website, the Fiqh Council traces its origins back to the Religious Affairs Committee of the then Muslim Student Association of the United States and Canada established in the 1960s. In 1980, after the founding of the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), the Religious Affairs Committee evolved into the Fiqh Committee of the Islamic Society of North America, and was eventually transformed into the Fiqh Council of North America in 1986.
Its 20 members issue religious rulings, resolve disputes, and answer questions relating to the Islamic faith. As outlined in its by-laws, the Council's primary objectives include: "To consider, from a Shari'ah perspective, and offer advice on specific undertakings, transactions, contracts, projects, or proposals, guaranteeing thereby that the dealings of North American Muslims fall within the parameters of what is permitted by the Shari'ah." The Council's opinions are not binding.

## Fatwas

* Terrorism: In July 2005, the Council issued a fatwa stating that all forms of terrorism against civilians are haram (forbidden under Islamic law), that it is forbidden for Muslims to cooperate with anyone involved in terrorism, and that it is a duty of all Muslims to cooperate with law enforcement to protect civilian lives.
* Capital Punishment: The Council has issued a fatwa calling for a moratorium on capital punishment in the United States, based on the fact that several of the presupposed requirements for the carrying out of the law, according to Sharia, are not being met in most cases.
* Apostasy: The Council issued a fatwa which declared that apostasy could not, on its own, be the grounds for any fixed punishment, especially capital punishment. The fatwa states: "The preponderance of evidence from both the Qur’an and Sunnah indicates that there is no firm ground for the claim that apostasy is in itself a mandatory fixed punishment Hadd, namely capital punishment"

## Executive Committee and members

Executive Members:
* Dr. Yasir Qadhi, Chairman
* Dr. Zainab Alwani, Vice Chairman
* Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Shah, Executive Director
* Dr. Muzammil H. Siddiqi
* Dr. Mohammad Qatanani
* Shaykh Umer Khan
Council Members:
* Dr. Abdulbari Mashal
* Shaykh Abdur Rahman Khan
* Dr. Ali Sulaiman Ali
* Dr. Deina Abdelkader
* Dr. Ihsan Bagby
* Dr. Jamal Badawi
* Dr. Jasser Auda
* Dr. Muddassir Siddiqui
* Shaykh Muhammad Nur Abdullah
* Shaykh Mustafa Umar
* Dr. Ossama Bahloul
* Shaykh Suhaib Webb
* Dr. Tamara Gray
* Imam Yahya Hendi
# Chiu Siu Wai

Chiu Siu Wai (Chinese: 趙少維; born 16 February 1996) is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Club career

On 2 October 2019, Chiu was loaned to Happy Valley.
In July 2023, Chiu joined Kowloon City.

## Honours
### Club
#### Tai Po

* Hong Kong Sapling Cup: 2016–17
* Hong Kong Premier League: 2018–19
# Josh Burnett

Josh Burnett (born 26 October 2000) is a New Zealand cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTean Burgos Burpellet BH.
In 2024 he won the overall classification of the Tour de Beauce.

## Major results
### Road
#### 2021

    1st Stage 4 Tour of Southland
    5th Overall New Zealand Cycle Classic

#### 2022

    1st Overall Tour of Southland
       1st Prologue (TTT) & Stage 7
    1st Young rider classification, Joe Martin Stage Race

#### 2023

    2nd Overall New Zealand Cycle Classic
       1st Stage 3
    5th Gravel and Tar Classic
    8th Overall Tour of Hainan

#### 2024

    1st Overall Tour de Beauce
       1st Stage 3
    1st Gravel and Tar Classic
    7th Overall New Zealand Cycle Classic
    7th Gran Premio New York City

### Cyclo-cross
#### 2021–2022

    1st National Championships

### Mountain bike
#### 2018

    2nd Cross-country, National Junior Championships

#### 2020

    2nd Cross-country, Oceania Under-23 Championships
    2nd Cross-country, National Championships
# Periya Kaladi

Venni Kaladi (died 1759), also known as "Periya Kaladi, was an 18th-century CE general from Tamil Nadu, India

## Fight against Yusuf Khan

According to a majority of the accepted historical accounts, Khan Saqib decided to fight against Puli Thevar. The troops of Khan Saqib decided to surround and fight the Nerkattumseval fort at night from the camp they had set up in the night. Then Periya Kaladi attacked the camp and destroyed the troops of Khan Saqib. During the attack,he was wounded by a hidden attack of one of the enemy warriors. Even though the stomach was torn and the intestines came out, but he pushed it back and took the piece tied as a turban and tied it along the gut and proceeded to fight the war and defeated the opponents. He drove his horse and arrived at Puli Thevar to report that they had gone into hiding in the forest with the army and died while lying on the lap of Puli Thevar while delivering the news during a serious injury.

## Legacy

Puli Thevar later planted a stone (natukal) at the spot where his commander had died fighting large artillery. The place is still known as 'Kaladi Medu' by the people of the area.
# Milorad Kukoski

Milorad Kukoski (born 7 December 1987) is a Macedonian handball player who plays for GRK Ohrid and for the Macedonia national handball team.

## Honours

    HC Vardar
* Macedonian Handball Super League
    Winner (2):2009,2013
* Macedonian Handball Cup
    Winner (2):2012,2014
* SEHA League
    Winner (2): 2011–12, 2013–14
    HC Pelister
* Macedonian Handball Super League
    Winner (1):2023
# State Agency of Automobile Roads of Ukraine

The Ukravtodor or The State Service of Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Державне агентство автомобільних доріг України) is the agency within the Ministry of Infrastructure that oversees the road signs in Ukraine.

## History

The state agency Ukravtodor was established as a state corporation in 1990, replacing the Ministry of Roadways of Soviet Ukraine as the state governing body of automobile roads in modern Ukraine. It is supplemented by a project institute Ukrhiprodor which designs objects of road management. Ukravtodor is supervised by the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine. On February 28, 2002, by the presidential order the state owned open stock company Avtomobilni dorohy Ukrainy (ADU) was created. The company was directly involved in road construction and maintenance. In 2016 ADU was merged into Ukravtodor, with the latter now owning 100% of its shares.
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the agency requested citizens to remove traffic signs to confuse Russian troops. They also used Google Maps to update citizens on the locations of Russian Ground Forces.
# Horace Clark (cricketer)

Horace George Clark (23 January 1889 – 28 February 1967) was an English cricketer active from 1920 to 1923 who played for Essex. He was born in West Ham and died in Epping. He appeared in two first-class matches and scored 13 runs.
# Mofidul Hoque

Mofidul Hoque (born 13 February 1948) is a Bangladeshi researcher, publisher and essayist. He is one of the founder trustees of the Bangladesh Liberation War Museum. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2016 and Bangla Academy Literary Award in 2013 by the government of Bangladesh.

## Early life

Hoque was born on 13 February 1948 in Noakhali of the then East Bengal (now Bangladesh). He obtained his masters in sociology from the University of Dhaka.

## Awards

* Bangla Academy Literary Award (2013)
* Ekushey Padak (2016)
* Altaf Mahmud Padak (2017)

## Personal life

Hoque is married to Sheema Moslem. Haque has a brother Monzurul Huq and a sister, Dilruba Islam (d. 2022).
# Greg Goosen

Gregory John Goosen (born 9 September 1983) is a South African former professional rugby union player.
Born in Durban, Goosen was a versatile utility back, used mostly as a fullback, but also capable of playing as a centre or fly-half. He toured the United Kingdom with the Natal Sharks under-19s, but found himself behind the likes of Percy Montgomery and Brent Russell for senior selection, so made the decision to continue his career in France.
Goosen had four seasons at Paris-based club Racing 92, then crossed to Stade Rochelais for a season in 2010–11. He was signed in 2011 by Premiership Rugby side Newcastle Falcons to play fullback and impressed with a hattrick in their LV Cup win over Cardiff. In 2012, Goosen was loaned out to French club SU Agen, a stint which ended early when he was knocked out and concussed against Castres. He subsequently retired and returned to South Africa.
# Chiu Yu Ming

Chiu Yu Ming (Chinese: 邱于銘; Cantonese Yale: Yāu Yūmìng ; born 9 November 1991 in Hong Kong), is a former Hong Kong professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career
### Tai Po

Chiu joined Tai Po youth system and was promoted to the first team in the 2010–11 season, serving as the backup of Pang Tsz Kin.

### Hong Kong Sapling

In the 2011–12 season, as Mutual refused to promote to the top-tier division, a team of youth players formed Hong Kong Sapling. Chiu was loaned to the team and originally served as a backup of Tsang Man Fai. However, due to the departure of Tsang Man Fai, he became the first-choice goalkeeper. He returned to Tai Po after the season.

### Southern

Chiu joined newly promoted First Division club Southern for an undisclosed fee.

## International career

On 19 June 2012, Chiu was called up into the final squad for the 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification in Laos. However, he did not feature any matches as Tsang Man Fai played every match.
On 21 June 2013, Chiu was again chosen into the training squad for the 2013 East Asian Games.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 23 June 2013
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Continental | Total | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | G.C. | C.S. | Apps | G.C. | C.S. | Apps | G.C. | C.S. | Apps | G.C. | C.S. |
| NT Realty Wofoo Tai Po | 2010–11 | First Division | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4 | 7 | 0 |
| NT Realty Wofoo Tai Po | 2011–12 | First Division | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hong Kong Sapling (loan) | 2011–12 | First Division | 11 | 33 | 0 | 5 | 12 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 16 | 45 | 1 |
| Tai Po Total | Tai Po Total | Tai Po Total | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 0 |
| Hong Kong Sapling Total | Hong Kong Sapling Total | Hong Kong Sapling Total | 11 | 33 | 0 | 5 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 45 | 1 |
| Southern | 2012–13 | First Division | 16 | 21 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 22 | 29 | 7 |
| Southern | 2013–14 | First Division | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Southern Total | Southern Total | Southern Total | 16 | 21 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 29 | 7 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 30 | 58 | 5 | 12 | 23 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 81 | 8 |
# Eric Dosantos

Eric Dosantos (born 25 February 1995) is an Uruguayan former rugby union player, currently playing for Súper Liga Americana de Rugby side Peñarol. His preferred position is flanker.

## Professional career

Dosantos signed for Súper Liga Americana de Rugby side Peñarol ahead of the 2021 Súper Liga Americana de Rugby season. He has also represented the Uruguay national team.
In December 2023, Dosantos announced his retirement from professional rugby to pursue engineering.
# Table tennis at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Men's team – Class 3

The Men's team table tennis – Class 3 tournament at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro took place during 14–16 September 2016 at Riocentro Pavilion 3. Classes 1-5 were for athletes with a physical impairment that affected their legs, and who competed in a sitting position. The lower the number, the greater the impact the impairment was on an athlete’s ability to compete.

## Results

All times are local time in UTC-3.

### Competition Bracket

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | Germany (GER) | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 0 | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 0 | | 1 | Germany (GER) | 3 | 3 | | | | | |
| 0 | Brazil (BRA) | 3 | 3 | | 0 | Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 1 | | | | | |
| 3 | South Korea (KOR) | 2 | 0 | | | | | | 1 | Germany (GER) | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Poland (POL) | 1 | 3 | 1 | | | | | 2 | China (CHN) | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 0 | Thailand (THA) | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | Thailand (THA) | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | Ukraine (UKR) | 0 | 0 | | 2 | China (CHN) | 3 | 3 |
| 2 | China (CHN) | 3 | 3 | | | | | | Bronze Medal Match | Bronze Medal Match | Bronze Medal Match | Bronze Medal Match | Bronze Medal Match |
| | | | | | | | | | 0 | Brazil (BRA) | 2 | 0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | 0 | Thailand (THA) | 3 | 3 | |
# Gerald Campbell (cricketer)

Gerald Victor Campbell (29 April 1884 – 26 March 1950) was an English first-class cricketer active 1905–12 who played for Surrey. He was born in Kensington; died in Lymington.
# John Bonomy

John Bonomy (11 March 1918 – 27 June 1980) was a Scottish amateur football right back who played in the Scottish League for Queen's Park. He was capped by Scotland at amateur level.