OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sultan Faqihi

Sultan Faqihi (Arabic: سلطان فقيهي; born 1 March 1995) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays for Al-Arabi as a right-back.

## Career

Faqihi started his career at the youth team of Al-Nahda. He made his first-team debut during the 2015–16 season. On 24 January 2017, Faqihi signed his first professional contract with the club. On 31 January 2020, Faqihi joined Pro League side Al-Hazem on a three-year contract. On 10 August 2020, Faqihi made his Pro League debut for Al-Hazem by starting in the 2–1 home defeat to Al-Adalah. During the 2020–21 season, Faqihi made 23 appearances and scored twice as Al-Hazem were crowned champions of the MS League and once again earned promotion to the Pro League. On 7 June 2023, Faqihi joined Damac on a two-year contract. He made his debut for Damac as a second-half substitute in the 1–0 defeat to Al-Tai. On 2 September 2024, Faqihi joined Al-Arabi.

## Honours

Al-Hazem
* MS League/First Division: 2020–21, runner-up 2022–23
# Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay

The men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1948 Olympic Games took place on August 6 & August 7. The United States team won the final, but was initially disqualified when officials thought the pass between Barney Ewell and Lorenzo Wright had taken place outside the zone. After further review, officials saw that the pass took place inside the zone, and restored U.S. results.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing World and Olympic records were as follows.
| World record Olympic record | United States (Foy Draper, Ralph Metcalfe, Jesse Owens, Frank Wykoff) | 39.8 | Berlin, Germany | 9 August 1936 |

## Schedule

All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)
| Date | Time | Round |
| Friday, 6 August 1948 | 16:00 | Round 1 |
| Saturday, 7 August 1948 | 15:30 | Finals |

## Results
### Round 1

Round 1 took place on 6 August. The first two teams from each heat advanced to the final.
Heat 1
| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
| 1 | United States | Harrison Dillard, Barney Ewell, Mel Patton, Lorenzo Wright | 41.1 | Q |
| 2 | Italy | Carlo Monti, Enrico Perucconi, Antonio Siddi, Michele Tito | 41.3 | Q |
| 3 | Brazil | Haroldo da Silva, Hélio da Silva, Ivan Hausen, Rosalvo Ramos | 42.4 | |
| - | Turkey | Kemal Aksur, Erdal Barkay, Raşit Öztaş, Ruhi Sarıalp | DSQ | |
Heat 2
| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Great Britain | Jack Archer, Jack Gregory, Ken Jones, Alastair McCorquodale | 41.4 | Q |
| 2 | Hungary | László Bartha, György Csányi, Béla Goldoványi, Ferenc Tima | 41.4 | Q |
| 3 | Australia | John Bartram, Bill Bruce, Morris Curotta, John Treloar | 41.5 | |
| 4 | Uruguay | Hércules Azcune, Mario Fayos, Juan López, Walter Pérez | 42.8 | |
| 5 | Bermuda | Hazzard Dill, Perry Johnson, Stanley Lines, Frank Mahoney | 45.4 | |
| - | Belgium | Fernand Bourgaux, Pol Braekman, Fernand Linssen, Isidoor Van De Wiele | DNF | |
Heat 3
| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Netherlands | Jan Lammers, Jan Meijer, Gabe Scholten, Jo Zwaan | 41.7 | Q |
| 2 | Canada | Ted Haggis, Don McFarlane, James O'Brien, Don Pettie | 42.3 | Q |
| 3 | Argentina | Alberto Biedermann, Gerardo Bönnhoff, Carlos Isaac, Fernando Lapuente | 42.4 | |
| 4 | Iceland | Ásmundur Bjarnason, Haukur Clausen, Trausti Eyjólfsson, Finnbjörn Þorvaldsson | 42.9 | |
| - | France | Julien Lebas, Marc Litaudon, Alain Porthault, René Valmy | DNF | |

### Final

| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time |
| | United States | Harrison Dillard, Barney Ewell, Mel Patton, Lorenzo Wright | 40.6 |
| | Great Britain | Jack Archer, Jack Gregory, Ken Jones, Alastair McCorquodale | 41.3 |
| | Italy | Carlo Monti, Enrico Perucconi, Antonio Siddi, Michele Tito | 41.5 |
| 4 | Hungary | László Bartha, György Csányi, Béla Goldoványi, Ferenc Tima | 41.6 |
| 5 | Canada | Ted Haggis, Don McFarlane, James O'Brien, Don Pettie | 41.9 |
| 6 | Netherlands | Jan Lammers, Jan Meijer, Gabe Scholten, Jo Zwaan | 41.9 |
# Carsten Müller (footballer)

Carsten Müller (born 3 October 1971) is a German football manager and former player.

## Playing career

Born in Burg bei Magdeburg, East Germany Müller made nine appearances for the East Germany under-18 national team. From 1989 to 1994 he played as a defender for 1. FC Magdeburg in the DDR-Oberliga and lower leagues.

## Managerial career

Beginning in 2007 Müller held various academy positions with 1. FC Magdeburg. He left the club in January 2015 to join FC Erzgebirge Aue as a youth coach. While serving as the head of the youth academy, he was named interim co-trainer of the first team in October 2021. He served alongside Marc Hensel who, at 35 years old, did not yet hold the required coaching badge. They were replaced on 23 February 2022. In September 2022, he was appointed as the interim manager of Erzgebirge Aue. The spell ended in December 2022.
# Ricky Bartlett (rugby union)

Richard Michael Bartlett (13 February 1929 – 6 March 1984) was an English international rugby union player.
Born in Kingston upon Thames, Barlett was educated at Stowe School and undertook further studies at the University of Cambridge, where he attained blues. He also played rugby union for Harlequins.
Barlett made the England squad for the 1957 Five Nations and received news of his call up on the same morning his daughter was born. He was fly-half in all England's fixtures, helping them achieve the grand slam, then gained a further three caps in 1958, as they again claimed the championship, to finish with six wins and a draw from his seven caps.
# 994

Year 994 (CMXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Byzantine Empire

* September 15 – Battle of the Orontes: Fatimid forces, under Turkish general Manjutakin (also the governor of Damascus), besiege Apamea (modern Syria). Emperor Basil II sends a Byzantine expeditionary army, led by Dux Michael Bourtzes, to relieve the city in alliance with the Hamdanid Dynasty. Manjutakin defeats the Hamdanids with his forces and attacks the Byzantine force in the rear. The Byzantine army panics and flees, losing some 5,000 men in the process.

#### Europe

* June 23 – Viking Age: Danish Viking raiders, (probably) under King Sweyn Forkbeard, plunder the city of Stade (Lower Saxony). Count Lothair Udo I is captured and killed, during the battle with the pirates.
* September – King Otto III, now 14 years old, receives the regalia to rule the Kingdom of Germany at an assembly of the Imperial Diet in Solingen. Otto appoints Heribert of Cologne as chancellor of Italy.

#### England

* A Danish Viking fleet, under Olaf Tryggvason, sails up the Thames Estuary, and besieges London. King Æthelred II (the Unready) pays Olaf 16,000 lbs of silver (Danegeld).
* Olaf Tryggvason, already a baptised Christian, is confirmed as Christian in a ceremony at Andover. After receiving gifts from Æthelred II, Olaf leaves for Norway.

### By topic
#### Astronomy

* An increase in carbon-14 concentration, recorded in tree rings, suggests that a strong solar storm may have hit the Earth in either 993 or 994.

## Births

* November 7 – Ibn Hazm, Andalusian historian and poet (d. 1064)
* Ahmad al-Bayhaqi, Persian Sunni hadith scholar (d. 1066)
* Alfonso V (the Noble), king of León (Spain) (d. 1028)
* Lothair Udo I, margrave of the Nordmark (d. 1057)
* Sancho III (the Great), king of Pamplona (approximate date)
* Simeon, Norman abbot of Ely Abbey (approximate date)
* Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, Andalusian female poet (d. 1091)

## Deaths

* February 3 – William IV, duke of Aquitaine (b. 937)
* April 4 – Egbert (the One-Eyed), German nobleman
* April 23 – Gerard of Toul, German priest and bishop
* May 11 – Majolus of Cluny, Frankish priest and abbot
* June 23 – Lothair Udo I, German nobleman (b. 950)
* June 24 – Abu Isa al-Warraq, Arab scholar (b. 889)
* July 8 – Richardis, margravine consort of Austria
* July 10 – Leopold I, margrave of Austria (b. 940)
* October 28 – Sigeric, archbishop of Canterbury
* October 31 – Wolfgang, bishop of Regensburg
* Bagrat II, king of Iberia-Kartli (Georgia) (b. 937)
* Fujiwara no Takamitsu, Japanese waka poet
* Ibn Juljul, Andalusian physician (approximate date)
* Sancho Garcés II, king of Navarre (Spain)
# Nicolae Culianu

Nicolae Culianu (28 August 1832 – 28 November 1915) was a Moldavian, later Romanian mathematician and astronomer.
A native of Iași, he enrolled in the University of Paris after graduating from Academia Mihăileană in 1855, and earned his undergraduate degree in mathematics in 1860. He remained there until 1863, performing research at the Paris Observatory. Initially a high school teacher, he later joined the astronomy and geodesy faculty of the University of Iași, where he served as dean of the sciences faculty, and from 1880 to 1898 as rector. He was a close associate of Titu Maiorescu, a member of the Junimea movement that the latter led, and involved in the educational reform movement it promoted. As such, he was among the founders of a private high school in Iași, to which he donated a group of buildings. While active in Junimea, his renowned affability and venerable bearing earned him the nickname "Papa Culiano". He was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy in 1889.
He helped found the Iași astronomical observatory for the use of students and teachers, and published textbooks on mathematics and geodesy. He was among the founders Recreații Științifice [ro], the country's first scientific periodical addressed to young people and to a generalist audience. Briefly involved in politics, he was vice president of the Romanian Senate during the fourth conservative government of Lascăr Catargiu (1892–1896).
Culianu's textbooks include an 1870 one on differential and integral calculus, the first published Romanian-language course on mathematical analysis; and ones on elementary algebra (1872), applied geometry (1874), plane and spherical trigonometry (1875), cosmography (1893), plane trigonometry (1894), and high-school cosmography (1895). He was buried in Eternitatea Cemetery. His great-grandson was Ioan Petru Culianu.
# Oprzężów

Oprzężów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Krzysztoporska, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Wola Krzysztoporska, 7 km (4 mi) west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 44 km (27 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Al-Karak, Syria

Al-Karak (Arabic: الكرك) is a Syrian village in Daraa District in Daraa Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Karak had a population of 10,510 in the 2004 census.

## History

In 1596, Al-Karak appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as 'Karak al-Bathaniyya'; part of the nahiya (subdistrict) of Bani Malik al-Ashraf in the Hauran Sanjak. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 45 households and 71 bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 40% on various agricultural products, including wheat (10800 akçe), barley (1800), summer crops (4200), goats and beehives (1700), in addition to "occasional revenues"(1500); a total of 20,000 akçe. 5/24 of the revenue went to a waqf.
In 1838, it was noted as a Sunni Muslim village, situated "In the Nukrah, South of Eshmiskin", the Nukrah being the southern Hauran plain.
# Hormiphora californiensis

Hormiphora californensis is a species of comb jelly in the family Cydippidae. Called the California sea gooseberry, is a comb jelly, or ctenophore, common in California coastal waters. Ctenophores have eight sets of cilia running down their side, which they use to propel themselves through the oceans in search of food.
# Christian Urízar

Christian Erwin Urízar Muñoz (born 27 May 1968) is a Chilean politician who served as deputy.
# Bobsleigh at the 1968 Winter Olympics – Four-man

The Four-man bobsleigh competition at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble was held on 16 February, at L'Alpe d'Huez. A sudden thaw in the ice on the track limited the competition to two runs.

## Results

| Rank | Country | Athletes | Run 1 | Run 2 | Total |
| | Italy (ITA-1) | Eugenio Monti Luciano De Paolis Roberto Zandonella Mario Armano | 69.84 | 67.55 | 2:17.39 |
| | Austria (AUT-1) | Erwin Thaler Reinhold Durnthaler Herbert Gruber Josef Eder | 70.08 | 67.40 | 2:17.48 |
| | Switzerland (SUI-1) | Jean Wicki Hans Candrian Willi Hofmann Walter Graf | 70.65 | 67.39 | 2:18.04 |
| 4 | Romania | Ion Panţuru Petre Hristovici Gheorghe Maftei Nicolae Neagoe | 70.59 | 67.55 | 2:18.14 |
| 5 | West Germany (FRG-1) | Horst Floth Willi Schäfer Frank Lange Pepi Bader | 70.49 | 67.84 | 2:18.33 |
| 6 | Italy (ITA-2) | Gianfranco Gaspari Giuseppe Rescigno Andrea Clemente Leonardo Cavallini | 70.24 | 68.12 | 2:18.36 |
| 7 | France (FRA-1) | Francis Luiggi André Patey Gérard Monrazel Maurice Grether | 70.65 | 68.19 | 2:18.84 |
| 8 | Great Britain (GBR-1) | Tony Nash Guy Renwick Robin Widdows Robin Dixon | 70.45 | 68.39 | 2:18.84 |
| 9 | West Germany (FRG-2) | Wolfgang Zimmerer Stefan Gaisreiter Hans Baumann Peter Utzschneider | 71.12 | 68.35 | 2:19.47 |
| 10 | United States (USA-2) | Boris Said, Jr. David Dunn Robert Crowley Phil Duprey | 71.08 | 68.48 | 2:19.56 |
| 11 | France (FRA-2) | Bertrand Croset Claude Roussel Louis Courtois Henri Sirvain | 71.11 | 68.61 | 2:19.72 |
| 12 | Switzerland (SUI-2) | René Stadler Hansruedi Müller Robert Zimmermann Ernst Schmidt | 71.02 | 68.81 | 2:19.83 |
| 13 | Austria (AUT-2) | Manfred Hofer Hans Ritzl Fritz Dinkhauser Karl Pichler | 70.90 | 69.12 | 2:20.02 |
| 14 | Great Britain (GBR-2) | John Blockey John Brown Tim Thorn Mike Freeman | 71.52 | 68.67 | 2:20.19 |
| 15 | United States (USA-1) | Bill Hickey Howard Clifton Michael Luce Paul Savage | 71.45 | 68.92 | 2:20.37 |
| 16 | Sweden | Rolf Höglund Hans Hallén Sven Martinsson Börje Hedblom | 72.20 | 69.90 | 2:22.10 |
| 17 | Canada | Purvis McDougall Bob Storey Michael Young Andrew Faulds | 72.61 | 70.21 | 2:22.82 |
| 18 | Spain (ESP-2) | Víctor Palomo Maximiliano Jones José Clot Eugenio Baturone | 72.86 | 70.32 | 2:23.18 |
| 19 | Spain (ESP-1) | Guillermo Rosal Néstor Alonso José Manuel Pérez Antonio Marín | 72.90 | 71.42 | 2:24.32 |
# Restricted shell

The restricted shell is a Unix shell that restricts some of the capabilities available to an interactive user session, or to a shell script, running within it. It is intended to provide an additional layer of security, but is insufficient to allow execution of entirely untrusted software. A restricted mode operation is found in the original Bourne shell and its later counterpart Bash, and in the KornShell. In some cases a restricted shell is used in conjunction with a chroot jail, in a further attempt to limit access to the system as a whole.

## Invocation

The restricted mode of the Bourne shell sh, and its POSIX workalikes, is used when the interpreter is invoked in one of the following ways:
* sh -r note that this conflicts with the "read" option in some sh variants
* rsh note that this may conflict with the remote shell command, which is also called rsh on some systems
The restricted mode of Bash is used when Bash is invoked in one of the following ways:
* rbash
* bash -r
* bash --restricted
Similarly KornShell's restricted mode is produced by invoking it thus:
* rksh
* ksh -r

### Setting up rbash

For some systems (e.g., CentOS), the invocation through rbash is not enabled by default, and the user obtains a command not found error if invoked directly, or a login failure if the /etc/passwd file indicates /bin/rbash as the user's shell.
It suffices to create a link named rbash pointing directly to bash. Though this invokes Bash directly, without the -r or --restricted options, Bash does recognize that it was invoked through rbash and it does come up as a restricted shell.
This can be accomplished with the following simple commands (executed as root, either logged in as user root, or using sudo):

## Limited operations

The following operations are not permitted in a restricted shell:
* changing directory
* specifying absolute pathnames or names containing a slash
* setting the PATH or SHELL variable
* redirection of output
Bash adds further restrictions, including:
* limitations on function definitions
* limitations on the use of slash-ed filenames in Bash builtins
Restrictions in the restricted KornShell are much the same as those in the restricted Bourne shell.

## Weaknesses of a restricted shell

The restricted shell is not secure. A user can break out of the restricted environment by running a program that features a shell function. The following is an example of the shell function in vi being used to escape from the restricted shell:
Or by simply starting a new unrestricted shell, if it is in the PATH, as demonstrated here:

## List of programs

Beyond the restricted modes of usual shells, specialized restricted shell programs include:
* rssh – used with OpenSSH, permitting only certain file copying programs, namely scp, sftp, rsync, cvs, and rdist
* smrsh, which limits the commands sendmail can invoke
# Timothy Chow

Timothy Stephen Chow (Chinese: 周子謙; born on 11 March 2006) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a defender for Hong Kong Premier League club Lee Man.

## Early life

Chow joined HKFC at the age of 8, and from age 12, the club arranged for him to play against older opponents. As a primary schooler, Chow enrolled in the Diocesan Boys’ Primary Division, and played futsal at that age. After that, he played for Diocesan Boys' School.

## Club career
### HKFC

In August 2022, Chow was promoted to the first team of HKFC. Timothy made his debut for the club on the 20th of November, coming on for Jack Sealy in the 2–1 victory over HK U23. Following his debut and at the age of 16, he made his first start for HKFC during a 2–1 win over Tai Po.
Chow's defensive performances led to him winning the HKPL Player of the Match on 19 March 2023 against HK U23 and on 7 May 2023 against Southern.
Chow scored his first HKPL goal on 7 May 2023 against Southern, making him the youngest goal scorer in HKPL history. He was voted Best U22 Player of the Team by Sapling Cup for the 2022–23 season.

### Lee Man

On 4 July 2024, Chow joined Lee Man.

## International career

In October 2022, Chow captained and scored a goal for the Hong Kong national under-17 football team.
Chow went on to represent the Hong Kong national under-23 football team during the 2023 Merlion Cup. Chow made a total of 2 appearances for the representative team in the Merlion Cup, returning with a 2nd place title.
Chow was a member of the final squad for the 2022 Asian Games that finished fourth in the competition, the best for Hong Kong since its first appearance in 1954. Chow was the youngest player in the team squads of the Football men's tournament at the 2022 Asian Games.
Chow was named in the 43-man preliminary squad in preparation for the 2026 World Cup qualifiers against Iran and Turkmenistan.
On 5 September 2024, Chow made his international debut for Hong Kong in a friendly match against Solomon Islands.

## Style of play

Chow models his playing style after Argentine defender Lisandro Martínez.

## Personal life

Timothy has an older brother, Christopher Chow, who currently plays for Pomona.
# Tonga Ma'a Tonga Kautaha

Tonga Ma'a Tonga Kautaha (Tonga for Tongans Cooperative) was formed in Tonga in 1909 to export copra on behalf of its members, prior to which such exports had been controlled by a cartel of European traders who profited greatly from the trade but paid little to Tongan copra growers.
The cooperative was the idea of Alexander Donald Cameron, a trader from a Scottish family, who with the support of a noble titleholder, Vaea of Hauma, organised meetings in villages around Tongatapu, the main island in the Kingdom of Tonga, to explain its concept and enlist members. Cameron had its constitution drawn up by fellow expatriate Robert Hanslip, based on that of Tonga's Free Church, which favoured Tongan autonomy and was the official church in Tonga of which most Tongan growers were members rather than of the Wesleyan Church favoured by the majority of European expatriates.
Formed as a commission agency that passed on to its members the exact overseas sale price less duty, freight and a modest commission that went to Cameron as its president, the cooperative was also viewed as a vehicle for Tongan aspirations and a means of acquiring business skills of non-indigenous residents.
The cooperative opened in May 1909 with 1,300 members and before the end of the year had 3,280 members from all three main islands in the kingdom - Tongatapu, Vava’u and Ha’apai - including many of Tonga's most influential nobles and chiefs, comprising 60 per cent of the kingdom's taxpayers, or landowners in terms of the Constitution, out of a population at that time of 22,000.
As the cooperative prospered it began importing consumables for sale to its members, breaking a monopoly previously held by European traders who had pursued a two-tier policy of one price for their fellow expatriates and double that for Tongans.
The cooperative's success drew the ire of the islands' European traders, who through the support of the local British Agent caused it to be investigated, the Auditor General being given access to its books (with Cameron's blessing) and presenting a report of his findings to its members that led to its closure by Tonga's Premier on grounds of financial irregularities by Cameron, for which Cameron was subsequently charged. On appeal, Cameron was acquitted of any wrongdoing. He later attempted to reform the collective under the name Tonga Ma'a Tonga Company Limited with himself as general manager and now paid a salary rather than a commission, but it was not successful and ceased business in about 1916.
The circumstances of the investigation, its outcome and in particular the heavy-handedness of William Telfer Campbell, the British Agent, in his dealings with the ruling monarch, King George Tupou II, led to a redefining of the role of that office in relation to advice given to the monarch, strengthening the latter's authority and the nation's autonomy.
# Orpelów

Orpelów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobroń, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Dobroń, 12 km (7 mi) west of Pabianice, and 24 km (15 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. In March 2011, the population was 763 with a density of 119.8 persons per km².