OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frozen (House)

"Frozen" is the eleventh episode of the fourth season of House and the eighty-first episode overall. It aired on Fox on February 3, 2008, following Super Bowl XLII; it attracted slightly more than 29 million viewers, making it the highest rated House episode of the entire series. It was ranked third for the week, tied with that week's episode of American Idol (also on Fox) and outranked only by the Super Bowl game and the Super Bowl post-game show.
House became the first dramatic TV series to be the lead-out program of a Fox-aired Super Bowl since The X-Files following Super Bowl XXXI. This is the second episode of the show to have an Academy Award winner as a guest star – Mira Sorvino (the first was "Informed Consent" with Joel Grey).

## Plot

Psychiatrist Cate Milton collapses and vomits in a research station in the middle of Antarctica. Weather conditions prevent her from being evacuated, so House is asked to examine her through a webcam. Foreman suspects cancer after her right lung nearly collapses.
House asks to sample her lymph nodes to detect cancer since the test procedures that can be performed are severely limited by the lack of drugs, equipment, and medical personnel on the base. While Foreman and Wilson are looking for makeshift stains for the slides (they test the usefulness of coffee, red wine, etc.), House notices Wilson's quickness to agree and his lavender shirt, and deduces that he is dating someone. Wilson dismisses his suspicions.
After looking at Cate's test results, Wilson concludes she does not have cancer, but Cate's left kidney shuts down. House's theory changes to autoimmune disease, for which she would need to take prednisone. Cate insists on proof (prednisone is a limited resource and there is an asthmatic on the base who could die without it). The team tells her to go outside, since extreme cold has been used as a treatment for auto-immune diseases. As Cate prepares to go outside, she faints and lapses into a coma. House goes on to treat her for brain swelling by having mechanic Sean drill a hole in her skull to see whether her coma is caused by increased intracranial pressure or a problem with her hypothalamus.
After the drilling, Cate regains consciousness. Kutner suggests there is a fat embolus. House realizes it would take an untreated bone break to cause the fat emboli, and that he has seen every part of her body but her feet (because she kept her socks on during her self-examination). A simple examination reveals that her big toe is broken, the pain numbed by the cold. The toe is reset and splinted and Cate is expected to fully recover.
Throughout the episode, House shows feelings for Cate, asking if she is okay and later, telling the only other person with her that he (House) will not let him hurt her. After House sees that the person with her is in love with her, he stops flirting with her. Finally, House goes to the restaurant where Wilson is meeting with his girlfriend, who he learns is Amber, also known to House as "Cutthroat Bitch".
# Hamilton v. Alabama (1964)

Hamilton v. Alabama, 376 U.S. 650 (1964), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that an African American woman, Mary Hamilton, was entitled to the same courteous forms of address customarily reserved solely for whites in the Southern United States, and that calling a black person by their first name in a formal context was "a form of racial discrimination".

## Background

Mary Hamilton (October 13, 1935 – November 11, 2002) was a field secretary for the Congress of Racial Equality in Alabama. In 1963, along with hundreds of others, she was arrested during civil rights protests in Gadsden.
At a habeas corpus hearing on June 25 challenging the legitimacy of those arrests, she refused to answer questions on the witness stand until she was addressed with the same courtesy accorded white witnesses. At that time, in the South and in many other parts of the U.S., it was customary for judges and prosecutors to address white witnesses by last names and courtesy titles, such as "Mr. Jones" or "Mrs. Smith", while addressing all nonwhite witnesses by the first name without honorific. When the county prosecutor addressed Hamilton by her first name only, she said she would not answer any questions unless she were addressed as "Miss Hamilton". When she persisted in her demand to be addressed in this manner, the judge held her in contempt of court and sentenced her to five days in jail and a $50 fine.
After serving the five days, she refused to pay the fine and was allowed out on bond to appeal the contempt conviction. After the Alabama Supreme Court denied her appeal, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund asked the Supreme Court to review Hamilton's case. Her lawyers argued that the first-name form of address used by the prosecutor was part of a "racial caste system" that violated Hamilton's equal protection guarantees.

## Opinion of the Court

In a 6–3 per curiam opinion, the Supreme Court granted certiorari (agreed to consider the case) and, without hearing any oral arguments, found in Hamilton's favor, reversing the judgment of the Alabama Supreme Court. In support of its summary decision, the court cited its 1963 ruling in Johnson v. Virginia, in which it had unanimously held that "a State may not require racial segregation in a courtroom".
Associate Justices Tom C. Clark, John M. Harlan II, and Byron White dissented from the majority's decision to grant certiorari.
# Ivan Ljavinec

Ivan Ljavinec (18 April 1923 – 9 December 2012) was a Czech hierarch of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church.
Ljavinec was born in Volovec, Czechoslovakia (now in Ukraine) and ordained a priest on 28 July 1946. Ljavinec was appointed titular bishop of Acalissus as well as Apostolic Exarch of the Apostolic Exarchate of the Greek Catholic Church in the Czech Republic on 18 January 1996 and consecrated a bishop on 30 March 1996. Ljavinec retired as apostolic exarch on 23 April 2003.
He lived as the Apostolic Exarch emeritus in the House of St. Elżbeta in Žernůvka, Czech Republic, where died. His body was transferred in Ukraine and, on 15 December 2012, buried in his native Volovec.
# Arnold Quainoo

Lieutenant General Arnold Quainoo was a Ghanaian former military officer and served as the Chief of Defence Staff of the Ghana Armed Forces from August 1983 to September 1989. He took over from Flight Lieutenant J. J. Rawlings and handed over to Lieutenant General Winston Mensa-Wood. He was also the first commander of the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) which intervened in Liberia to help end the civil war. He also served twice as Army Commander, first in 1979 following the coup-d'état by the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council which overthrew the Supreme Military Council. He was replaced when the Limann government was elected. He was however re-appointed as Chief of Army Staff following the coup by the Provisional National Defence Council and later as General Officer Commanding the Ghana Armed Forces.
In 2014, Quainoo denied any responsibility for the death of Liberian President Samuel Doe.
Quainoo died at the 37 Military Hospital in Accra on Monday, December 2nd, 2024, at the age of 82.
# Thrumster railway station

Thrumster was a railway station located at Thrumster, Highland, Scotland between Wick and Lybster. The station building can still be seen alongside the main road in Thrumster.
In July 2023, "Thrumster Railway Station is officially switched on" and has become "the farthest north heritage station in the UK."

## History

Latitude: 58° 23' 23.82" N Longitude: -3° 08' 10.75" W
The station was opened as part of the Wick and Lybster Railway on 1 July 1903. It was one of the five stations along the line. The Railway was shown in Schedule one of the RailwayAct 1921 as being part of part of The North Western, Midland, and West Scottish Group.
As with the other stations on the line, the station was closed from 3 April 1944. It began to be used as a post office
In 2011 Yarrows Heritage Trust restored the railway.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Welsh's Crossing Halt Station and Line closed | Highland Railway Wick and Lybster Light Railway | Wick Station open; Line closed |
# The D.E.Y.

The D.E.Y. is a Latin hip hop group that formed in 2007. The group is composed of members Divine, Élan, and Yeyo.

## Discography
### Albums

* The DEY Has Come EP (2007)
* The DEY Has Come LP (2008) (Asia Exclusive)

### Singles

| Year | Title | Album | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions | Chart positions |
| Year | Title | Album | U.S. | U.S. R&B | Pop 100 | Rhythmic Top 40 | Hot Rap Tracks |
| 2006 | "Walk Away (Remember Me)" (Paula DeAnda feat. The D.E.Y.) | Paula DeAnda | 18 | — | 10 | 8 | — |
| 2008 | "Give You the World" | The DEY Has Come EP | — | 31 | — | 29 | 22 |
| 2008 | "There's Nothin' (Remix)" (Sean Kingston featuring Juelz Santana and The D.E.Y.) | Sean Kingston | 60 | 63 | 33 | 30 | — |
| 2008 | "I Need You"/"She Said" | The DEY Has Come | — | 42 | — | 50 | — |
| 2008 | "Macarena (The Art of Sound Group Mix)" | Quinceañera Macarena | — | — | — | — | — |
# Sebastjan Gobec

Sebastjan Gobec (born 6 December 1979) is a retired Slovenian footballer who played as a defender. He is the all-time most capped player in the Slovenian PrvaLiga with 488 appearances.

## Club career

Gobec started his career at Celje's youth sides. He made his first team debut on 2 March 1997 in a league match against Primorje. In the following two seasons, he established himself as a first team regular. In December 2007, Gobec left Celje after ten seasons and signed with Sint-Truiden. He played twelve matches and scored one goal in the Belgian First Division, before returning to Celje in June 2008.

## International career

Gobec played two matches for the Slovenia national team. He made his international debut on 9 February 2005 in a friendly against the Czech Republic.

## Honours

Celje
* Slovenian Cup: 2004–05
# Pumapungo Museum

The Pumapungo Museum (Spanish: Museo Pumapungo) is an ethnographic and art museum in Cuenca, Ecuador.

## History

The museum was founded in 1979, the name Pumapungo means "Puma Bridge". In 2019, the museum temporarily exhibited 37 works by Salvador Dalí.

## Collections

The museum has ethnographic collections that include traditional costumes, objects representative of the beliefs and rites of the peoples of Ecuador. The museum has a room about baroque art dating from the 18th century. The museum has reconstructions of Afro-Ecuadorian houses from the province of Esmeraldas. The museum also has tzantzas from the Shuar people. The museum has rooms dedicated to archaeology and ethnography, including ceramics and ucuyayas, which are amulets that represent mythical characters. The museum contains a collection of 5000 cassettes, these contain films of Ecuadorian cinema, also includes musical recordings, the collection is composed of 600 betamax, 1500 VHS and 3080 Cassette tapes. In 2015, the exhibition "Poéticas del presente" (Poetics of the Present) was presented, in which works by 8 Ecuadorian artists were exhibited. The museum presented an exhibition about Latin American jewelry in 2018, in which 34 jewelers participated. In January 2018, the museum housed a collection of 6445 recovered objects including pots, ocarinas and statuettes, these collections had been recovered since 2008, some of the recovered objects came from different cultures such as Puruhá, Guangala [es] and Jama Coaque [es]; also the objects came from private collections in Ecuador and other countries such as Colombia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Spain, United States, Italy, Denmark and Egypt.
The archaeological park of Pumapunku [es] is part of the museum.
# Longyuan Power

China Longyuan Power Group Limited (SEHK: 916), or Longyuan Power, is the largest wind power producer in China and Asia. It is mainly engaged in designing, developing, managing and operating wind power plants, and selling the electricity generated by its plants to its sole customers. As of June 2013, the company had installed wind power plants with a total capacity of 10,661 MW.
Longyuan Power is a partially owned subsidiary of the state-owned China Energy Investment, and is responsible for China Energy's renewable energy assets. It had a 24 percent share of China's wind power market in terms of total installed capacity as of the end of 2008. It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as H share in December 2009 with an IPO price of HK$8.16 per share.
# Srokowo

Srokowo (until 1946 Dryfort, German: Drengfurth) is a village in Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Srokowo. It lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Kętrzyn and 83 km (52 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in Masuria.

## History

The settlement was founded sometime before 1397 with a grid plan. In 1405 it received town privileges modeled on the city law of Chełmno by the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Konrad von Jungingen. During the Middle Ages the town defences consisted of palisades, a dry moat and three gates. In 1454, King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation. After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466), it became a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Knights. Construction of the church was finished in 1409 and renovated in 1577. A school was founded in the town in 1592.
A privilege of protection was proclaimed for the town in 1618 by Elector John Sigismund, whose coat of arms can still be seen on the facade of the town hall. The town was severely damaged in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War and almost completely destroyed by Tatar troops in 1657 during the Deluge. Because of its location, the town never grew to become very large and continued to be populated mainly by farmers and artisans also during the 18th and 19th centuries. From the 18th century it was part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany. Eight annual fairs were held in the town in the late 19th century.
After Germany's defeat in World War II, the town became again part of Poland under its historic Polish name Dryfort. It was renamed Srokowo in 1946, after Stanisław Srokowski, the head of the Polish Committee for Settling of Place Names. There is an abandoned Bismarck tower that can be visited on the hill just outside of the village.
# Dimitar Dimitrioski

Dimitar Dimitrioski (Macedonian: Димитар Димитриоски) (born 16 February 1998) is a Macedonian handball player who plays for Recoletas Atlético Valladolid and the Macedonian national team.
He participated at the 2017 Men's Junior World Handball Championship.
# Tamara Bojat

Tamara Bojat (Serbian Cyrillic: Тамара Бојат; born 11 April 1997) is a Montenegrin footballer who plays as a forward and has appeared for the Montenegro women's national team.

## Career

Bojat has been capped for the Montenegro national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.
# Banasandra

Banasandra is a small town north of Turuvekere, India. It is a commerce hub for Turuvekere region due to its junction of roads and railway systems. Indian Railways operates a track route through the area. It is situated 56 kilometres (35 mi) west of the Tumakur district headquarters, 17 kilometres (11 mi) from Turuvekere, and 124 kilometres (77 mi) from the state capital, Bangalore.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 India census, Banasandra was home to 2,385 people, and had a literacy rate of 78.92%.

## Commerce

Since the early 1950s, Banasandra has been the home of many mineral and ore transportation companies. Manganese ore was transported here from the northern part of Chikkanayakana Halli and exported to different parts of the world after the quality assessment was done.

## Education

Banasandra is home to both VSS High School and VSS Junior College, and serves as an educational hub for the surrounding villages. VSS High School was established as a cooperative society in the 1960s and has since become part of the Government Aided High School system. Despite this change, it continues to operate as a cooperative society.
# Lo Siu Kei

Lo Siu Kei (Chinese: 盧兆崎; born 15 September 2001) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Hong Kong Premier League club Rangers.

## Honours
### Club
#### Rangers

* Hong Kong Sapling Cup: 2023–24
# Moo Free

Moo Free Ltd. is a British manufacturer of dairy free, gluten free, vegan and organic chocolates. Their head office is located in Holswothy, Devon. The company was established in 2010 by husband and wife team Mike and Andrea Jessop with the intent of making a dairy free chocolate with a taste similar to that of milk chocolate by using rice milk instead of conventional dairy milk. The concept was to ensure that vegan children or those with food allergies or intolerance could have traditional seasonal chocolates such as Easter eggs and Advent calendars. In addition to being vegan, the company's products are also free from dairy, gluten, wheat and soya, and are made from organically certified ingredients.
The company's range includes a variety of bars, bags of chocolates and seasonal products, including Advent Calendars and Easter Eggs.

## Awards
### Product Awards

The company's products have received a number of awards and commendations, including 'Best Sweets or Cakes' and 'Best Vegan Chocolates' in the Vegfest Awards 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2018 and the FreeFrom Food Awards Ireland 2016 - 'Best Free From Chocolate'.

### Business Awards

Moo Free have received several business awards over the years including the Food & Drink Federation's (FDF) - 'Growth Business Award' and The Queen's Award For Enterprise: International Trade 2016.
# MPL-50

The MPL-50 (Russian: МПЛ-50, малая пехотная лопата-50, malaya pekhotnaya lopata-50, small infantry spade-50) is a small spade (50 cm (20 in) length) invented by Danish officer Mads Johan Buch Linnemann [da] in 1869. It has been used by rank and file military personnel in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and its successor states since the late 19th century. While nominally an entrenching tool, the MPL-50 has seen wide-ranging wartime applications, from a close-quarters combat weapon to a cooking utensil.

## History

The MPL-50 was invented in 1869 by the Danish officer Mads Johan Buch Linnemann. In 1870 it was patented and supplied to the Danish Army. The next year it was adopted by the much bigger Austrian Army, and Linnemann founded a factory in Vienna to produce his spade. It was later introduced to Germany, France, Romania and Russia, though only Russia recognized Linnemann's patent rights, and paid him 30,000 rubles and ordered 60,000 spades. The MPL-50 remains almost unchanged through its history in Russia and the Soviet Union; attempts to introduce a folded-handle design were not approved.

## Design

The MPL-50 has a total length of 50 cm (20 in); the steel blade is 15 cm (5.9 in) wide and 18 cm (7.1 in) long. It is sharpened on its working edge and often on one side, for use as an axe. The wooden handle is not painted, but polished with sandpaper and fire singed to create a smooth surface that doesn't slide off the user's hand. The blade carries the manufacturer's seal, which indicates the production year and distinguishes original products from forgeries.

## Use

The main purpose of MPL-50 is entrenching, which is carried out at a rate of 0.1–0.5 m$^3$/hour depending on the soil type and physical condition of the soldier. The spade can also be used as an axe, and one side of its blade is sharpened for this purpose, or as a hammer, with the flat of the blade as the working surface. It can serve as an oar for paddling on improvised rafts, as a frying pan for cooking food, and as a measuring device, as its length and width are standardized.
Soviet Spetsnaz units had advanced training with the MPL-50, which they mostly used as a weapon for close quarters combat rather than for entrenching. The spade is well balanced, which allows it to be used as a throwing weapon.
In March 2023, the UK's Ministry of Defence reported that Russian military reservists fighting in Ukraine had resorted to using MPL-50s in hand-to-hand combat, due to a shortage of ammunition.
# Liz Deighan

Liz Deighan (born c. 1953, Northumberland) is a former association football player, who played for the England national women's football team, as well as clubs including Fodens WFC, Southport WFC, and St Helens W.F.C. She won 49 England caps, making her debut against France on 7 November 1974.

## Career

Although often deployed in attack early in her career, Deighan made a name for herself as a midfielder.
She scored in the semi-final of the 1984 European Competition for Women's Football, in which England reached the final before losing to Sweden on penalties. Her final cap came in the Mundialito in September 1985.
Domestically she won the Women's FA Cup in the 1979–80 season with St Helens, and reached three other finals as runner-up with the club during the 1980s. St Helens were beaten in the 1981 WFA Cup final by Southampton and in the 1983 and 1987 finals by Doncaster Belles.
Upon retirement from the game she trained as a coach, including a spell in charge of England's Under-21 ladies. In 1989 Deighan founded and managed Newton Ladies FC, the team who would eventually become Liverpool F.C. Women.
She was allotted 21 when the FA announced their legacy numbers scheme to honour the 50th anniversary of England’s inaugural international.
# Robert Charles Matthews

Robert Charles Matthews, PC (June 14, 1871 – September 19, 1952) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Lindsay, Ontario, Matthews came from a background where public service to others was lauded as a worthy pursuit.
The Honourable Robert Charles Matthews received his B.A. from Trinity College, University of Toronto. Further business studies took Matthews to Harvard University where he attended the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Science in the 1901–1902 academic year. He was the second President (1910) of the Harvard Club in Toronto, which he helped to co-found in 1904.
After many years in the investment and banking sectors, Matthews turned his hand to politics. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing the riding of Toronto East Centre in the 1926 Canadian federal election as a Conservative under the Cabinet of W. L. Mackenzie King. Re-elected in the 1930 Canadian federal election under the cabinet of R. B. Bennett, from December 1933 to August 1935, Matthews was the Minister of National Revenue. He was asked to continue for a second term but declined due to health concerns. In addition Matthews was appointed a member of The Queen's Privy Council, December 1933. He was the 1936 President of The Canadian Chamber of Commerce.
Matthews enjoyed nautical pursuits and supporting Canadian cricket in both Canada and England. He sponsored the Canadian Cricket Association's 1936 tour of England, where the Canadian team beat Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's.
# George Constable

Charles George Constable (July 1904 – 14 April 1932) was a British long-distance runner who competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Constable finished second behind Jack Webster in the steeplechase event at the 1926 AAA Championships and repeated the feat the following year, finishing second behind Ernie Harper, but this time in the 10 miles event at the 1927 AAA Championships.
Constable competed in the men's 10,000 metres at the 1928 Olympics Games.
# Mauro Monges

Mauro Milciades Monges (born 17 February 1983) is a Paraguayan former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

* Sportivo San Lorenzo 2002
* Guaraní 2003
* Nacional 2004
* Rosario Central 2005
* Nacional 2006-2007
* Atlético Tembetary 2007
* Olimpia 2008
* 2 de Mayo 2009
* Deportivo Caaguazú 2009–2010
* 2 de Mayo 2011–2013
* Pacífico FC 2013