OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Baptiste, Centre

18°48′00″N 71°47′00″W﻿ / ﻿18.80000°N 71.78333°W﻿ / 18.80000; -71.78333
Baptiste (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Lascahobas Arrondissement, in the Centre department of Haiti. The town was made a commune by presidential decree on 22 July 2015.
# Congroidei

Congroidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Anguilliformes, the eels. These eels are mostly marine, although a few species of snake eel will enter freshwater, and they are found in tropical and tempareate waters throughout the world.

## Families and subfamiles

Congroidei contains the following extant families and subfamilies:
* Family Colocongridae D. G. Smith, 1976 (shorttail eels)
* Family Derichthyidae Gill, 1884 (longneck eels or narrowneck eels)
* Family Ophichthidae Günther, 1870 (snake eels and worm eels)
** Subfamily Myrophinae Kaup, 1856 (worm eels)
** Subfamily Ophichthinae Günther, 1870 (snake eels)
* Family Muraenesocidae Kaup, 1859 (pike conger eels)
* Family Nettastomatidae Kaup, 1859 (duckbill eels)
* Family Congridae Kaup, 1856 (conger eels)
** Subfamily Congrinae Kaup, 1856 (congers)
** Subfamily Bathymyrinae J. E. Böhlke, 1949
** Subfamily Heterocongrinae Günther, 1870 (garden eels)
# Sverrir Stormsker

Sverrir Stormsker (born 6 September 1963 in Reykjavík) is an Icelandic singer and pianist. He participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1988, representing Iceland as half of the duo Beathoven along with Stefán Hilmarsson. The song was entitled Þú og þeir (Sókrates).
# Nanook

In Inuit religion, Nanook (/ˈnænuːk/; Inuktitut: ᓇᓄᖅ, lit. "polar bear") was the master of bears, meaning he decided if hunters deserved success in finding and hunting bears and punished violations of taboos. The word was popularized by Nanook of the North, the first feature-length documentary.
The Inuit believed that Nanook, the polar bear, was powerful and mighty, and they thought that he was "almost man." The Inuit hunters would worship this great bear because they believed that he decided if the hunters would be successful. “In the past, the Inuit ate polar bear meat and used the fur to make warm trousers for men and kamiks (soft boots) for women”. Respect was given to Nanook by the hunter hanging the bear's hide in a special section of his igloo, where it would stay for several days. They would also offer the bear's spirit weapons and other hunting tools if it was a male, and needle cases, scrapers (used to scrape the fat off hides) and knives if it was female. “Native people believed that polar bears allowed themselves to be killed in order to obtain the souls of the tools (tatkoit), which they would take with them into the hereafter.” “Legend says that if a dead polar bear was treated properly by the hunter, it would share the good news with other bears so they would be eager to be killed by him. Bears would stay away from hunters who failed to pay respect.”
# Cinematic soul

Cinematic soul is a genre of soul music with a "cinematic" style, combining traditional rock / soul arrangements with orchestral instruments.

## Style

Cinematic soul builds on the foundations of soul music. The backing track can include drums, bass guitar, clavinet and electric guitar played with a wah-wah pedal. On top of this are orchestral instruments including a string section and brass, similar to that heard on a movie soundtrack.

## History

During their psychedelic soul period of 1968–1973, The Temptations created what is described as "cinematic soul", songs, often long in length, with longer instrumental introductions and detailed orchestration. Two such examples are the Temptations' 1972 recording of "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", and their follow-up single, "Masterpiece". Isaac Hayes' "Theme from Shaft" was considered another good example of cinematic soul, and subsequently influenced David Bowie's "Stay", released several years later. Curtis Mayfield's "Superfly" was a top ten Billboard hit, and praised as an archetypical example of the genre.

## Legacy

Artists continue to call their music cinematic soul into the 21st century. Barry Adamson's 2002 album The King of Nothing Hill opened with the track "Cinematic Soul", which was roughly based on "Theme from Shaft" and was conceived as a tribute to the genre. A compilation of the genre, Superbad Funk and Cinematic Soul was released in 2006. Singer/songwriter Jessica Lá Rel describes her music as cinematic soul, using soul as a base, then using other styles including classical and theatrical instrumentation. New York band Ikebe Shakedown has been described as cinematic soul.
# Hawsh al-Dawahira

Hawsh al-Dawahira (also spelled Hosh Eldawahreh; Arabic: حوش الضواهرة) is a Syrian village located in Douma District. Hawsh al-Dawahira had a population of 3,415 in the 2004 census.
# Paul III Šubić of Bribir

Paul III Šubić of Bribir (Croatian: Pavao III Šubić Bribirski; † 1356.), was a member of the Croatian Šubić noble family.

## Family Connections

Paul III Šubić was son of Juraj II Šubić, and grandson of Paul I Šubić of Bribir who was the most powerful Croatian noble at the end of the 13th century and beginning of the 14th century. His sister Jelena Šubić was married to Regent of Bosnia Vladislav Kotromanić. He married Venetian Catherina Dandolo.
Paul III Šubić died in 1356 and was probably buried like his brother Mladen III Šubić in the Cathedral of St. Lawrence in Trogir.
# Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres

The men's 5000 metres event at the 1948 Olympic Games took place July 31 and August 2. The final was won by Gaston Reiff of Belgium. The Belgian Gaston Reiff became the Olympic champion ahead of the Czechoslovakian Emil Zátopek. Willem Slijkhuis from the Netherlands won bronze.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing World and Olympic records were as follows.
| World record | Gunder Hägg (SWE) | 13:58.2 | Gothenburg, Sweden | 20 September 1942 |
| Olympic record | Gunnar Höckert (FIN) | 14:22.2 | Berlin, Germany | 7 August 1936 |
The following new Olympic record was set during this competition:
| Date | Event | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 2 August | Final | Gaston Reiff (BEL) | 14:17.6 | OR |

## Schedule

All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1).
| Date | Time | |
| Saturday, 31 July 1948 | 16:00 | Round 1 |
| Monday, 2 August 1948 | 17:00 | Final |

## Results

The first four runners from each heat qualified to the final.

### Heats

Heat 1
| Rank | Country | Athletes | Time (hand) |
| 1 | Sweden | Evert Nyberg | 14:58.2 |
| 2 | Finland | Väinö Koskela | 14:58.3 |
| 2 | United States | Curt Stone | 14:58.6 |
| 4 | Belgium | Marcel Vandewattyne | 15:14.0 |
| 5 | France | Jacques Vernier | 15:29.8 |
| 6 | New Zealand | Harold Nelson | 15:34.4 |
| 7 | Netherlands | Jef Lataster | 15:39.0 |
| 8 | Great Britain | Jack Braughton | |
| 9 | Canada | Cliff Salmond | 16:05.0 |
| 10 | Trinidad and Tobago | Manny Ramjohn | |
| - | Denmark | Aage Poulsen | DNF |
| - | Ireland | John Joe Barry | DNF |
Heat 2
| Rank | Country | Athletes | Time (hand) |
| 1 | Sweden | Erik Ahldén | 14:34.2 |
| 2 | Czechoslovakia | Emil Zátopek | 14:34.4 |
| 2 | Finland | Väinö Mäkelä | 14:45.8 |
| 4 | Norway | Martin Stokken | 15:04.4 |
| 5 | France | Maurice Pouzieux | 15:09.8 |
| 6 | Spain | Gregorio Rojo | 15:19.0 |
| 7 | Great Britain | Bill Lucas | |
| 8 | Republic of China | Lou Wen-ngau | |
| 9 | Greece | Vasilios Mavrapostolos | |
| 10 | South Korea | Sim Bok-seok | |
| - | Turkey | Mustafa Özcan | DNF |
| - | United States | Clarence Robison | DNF |
Heat 3
| Rank | Country | Athletes | Time (hand) |
| 1 | Netherlands | Willem Slijkhuis | 15:06.8 |
| 2 | Belgium | Gaston Reiff | 15:07.0 |
| 2 | Sweden | Bertil Albertsson | 15:07.8 |
| 4 | Finland | Helge Perälä | 15:07.8 |
| 5 | United States | Jerry Thompson | 15:08.4 |
| 6 | France | Alain Mimoun | 15:11.2 |
| 7 | Great Britain | Alec Olney | |
| 8 | Mexico | Martín Alarcón | |
| 9 | Switzerland | Ernst Günther | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time (hand) | Notes |
| | Gaston Reiff | Belgium | 14:17.6 | OR |
| | Emil Zátopek | Czechoslovakia | 14:17.8 | |
| | Willem Slijkhuis | Netherlands | 14:26.8 | |
| 4 | Erik Ahldén | Sweden | 14:28.6 | |
| 5 | Bertil Albertsson | Sweden | 14:39.0 | |
| 6 | Curt Stone | United States | 14:39.4 | |
| 7 | Väinö Koskela | Finland | 14:41.0 | |
| 8 | Väinö Mäkelä | Finland | 14:43.0 | |
| 9 | Marcel Vandewattyne | Belgium | | |
| 10 | Martin Stokken | Norway | | |
| 11 | Helge Perälä | Finland | | |
| | Evert Nyberg | Sweden | | DNF |
Key: DNF = Did not finish, OR = Olympic record
# Eric Fraser (rugby league)

Eric Gordon Fraser (7 January 1931 – 6 July 2000) was an English World Cup winning professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level has played for Great Britain (captain), and at club level for Warrington (captain), as a goal-kicking fullback.

## Playing career

Fraser won caps for Great Britain while at Warrington in 1958 against Australia (3 matches), and New Zealand (2 matches), in 1959 against France (2 matches), and Australia, in 1960 against France (2 matches), New Zealand, and France (2 matches), and in 1961 against France, and New Zealand (2 matches). He played fullback, and scored a goal in Warrington's 5-4 victory over St. Helens in the 1959–60 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1959–60 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 31 October 1959. Fraser played fullback in the first two of the three matches for Great Britain's 1960 Rugby League World Cup winning team, being replaced by Austin Rhodes in the last game against Australia.
Fraser was inducted to the Warrington Wolves Hall of Fame.
# Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 44

The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 44 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Elk County in Pennsylvania in the United States providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

## Geography

State Game Lands Number 44 is located in Horton, Ridgway and Spring Creek Townships in Elk County.
Horton Ridgway Spring Creek

## Statistics

SGL 44 was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on 2 August 1979 as identification number 1210008, elevation is listed as 1,919 feet (585 m).
# Columbimorphae

Columbimorphae is a clade/superorder discovered by genome analysis that includes birds of the orders Columbiformes (pigeons and doves), Pterocliformes (sandgrouse), and Mesitornithiformes (mesites). This group was defined in the PhyloCode by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Columba oenas, Mesitornis variegatus, and Pterocles alchata". Previous analyses had also recovered this grouping, although the exact relationships differed. Some studies indicated a sister relationship between sandgrouse and pigeons (the traditional view) while other studies favored a sister grouping of mesites and sandgrouse instead. This sister relationship of the sandgrouses and mesites was named by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as the clade Pteroclimesites and defined in the PhyloCode as "the least inclusive crown clade containing Mesitornis variegatus and Pterocles alchata".
In 2020 Kuhl et al. sequenced 3-prime untranslated region (3’UTR) from 429 species and 379 genera of birds.They have found that cuckoos are the sister group to pigeons within Columbimorphae as shown in the cladogram below:
This is unlike most studies, which consider cuckoos to be related to turacos and bustards (part of the clade Otidimorphae). The six orders in Columbimorphae and Otidimorphae are sometimes considered to form a clade, Columbaves.
# Maike Diekmann

Maike Betts (née Diekmann) is a Namibian rower. She competed in the women's single sculls event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
She began rowing during her third year attending Rhodes University in South Africa and represented Namibia for the first time at the 2015 African Olympic Qualification Regatta held in Tunisia.
# Joël Bacanamwo

Joël Bacanamwo (born 23 May 1998) is a Burundian footballer, who plays as a defender. Born in Belgium, Bacanamwo represents the Burundi national football team internationally.

## Career

Bacanamwo started playing football at the age of 7. At the age of 10, he joined K.V.K. Tienen-Hageland. He later joined Sint-Truidense at the age of 15. In November 2018, he signed his first professional contract with A.F.C. Tubize.

## International career

Bacanamwo was born in Brussels, Belgium, on 23 May 1998 to Burundian parents who had fled from the outbreak of civil war in Burundi in 1993. He grew up in Brussels until he was 6 years old before his family moved to Landen.
Bacanamwo represented the Burundi national football team in a 1-1 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification tie with Tanzania on 4 September 2019.
# Rodica

Rodica may refer to:
A Romanian female given name:
* Rodica Mateescu (born 1971), triple jumper
* Rodica Popescu Bitănescu (born 1938), actress
* Rodica Ramer, professor of engineering
* Rodica Stănoiu (born 1939), jurist and politician
* Rodica Şerban (born 1983), rower
In Slovenia:
* Rodica, a settlement in the Municipality of Domžale
* Little Mount Rodica (Mala Rodica), a 1836 m mountain in the Julian Alps, northwestern Slovenia
* Rodica Hill, a 307 m hill in Rodica, Domžale
* Mount Rodica, a 1966 m mountain in the Julian Alps, northwestern Slovenia
* Mount Suha Rodica, a 1944 m mountain in the Julian Alps, northwestern Slovenia
# Norman Foster (rugby league)

Norman Foster (birth registered fourth ¼ 1907 – February 1999) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, and coached in the 1940s and 1950s. He played at representative level for England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Keighley (two spells), Halifax, Hull Kingston Rovers and Newcastle RLFC, as a centre, and coached at club level for Keighley (A-Team Assistant Coach to Billy Watson), Prince-Smith & Stells ARLFC (see also Prince-Smith baronets) and Keighley Albion ARLFC.

## Playing career
### International honours

Norman Foster won a cap for England while at Keighley in 1935 against France.

### County honours

Norman Foster won cap(s) for Yorkshire while at Keighley.

### Club career

Norman Foster made his début for Keighley against Featherstone Rovers at Post Office Road during the 1928-29 season on Tuesday 2 April 1929, and he was transferred from Keighley to Halifax in 1935 for £1,600 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £279,700 in 2016).

## Testimonial match

Norman Foster's Testimonial match at Keighley took place during the 1945–46 season.

## Honoured at Keighley Cougars

Norman Foster is a Keighley Cougars Hall of Fame inductee, inducted in November 1998.

## Genealogical information

Norman Foster's marriage to Hilda (née Gordon, birth registered fourth ¼ 1906 in Keighley) was registered second ¼ 1929 in Keighley district.

## Funeral

Norman Foster funeral took place at 1.45pm on Tuesday 16 February 1999 at St Mary's Church, Riddlesden.
# I-mutation

I-mutation (also known as umlaut, front mutation, i-umlaut, i/j-mutation or i/j-umlaut) is a type of sound change in which a back vowel is fronted or a front vowel is raised if the following syllable contains /i/, /iː/ or /j/ (a voiced palatal approximant, sometimes called yod, the sound of English ⟨y⟩ in yes). It is a category of regressive metaphony, or vowel harmony.
The term is usually used by scholars of the Germanic languages: it is particularly important in the history of the Germanic languages because inflectional suffixes with an /i/ or /j/ led to many vowel alternations that are still important in the morphology of the languages.

## Germanic languages

I-mutation took place separately in the various Germanic languages from around 450 or 500 CE in the North Sea area and affected all the early languages, except for Gothic. It seems to have taken effect earliest and most completely in Old English and Old Norse. It took place later in Old High German; by 900, its effects are consistently visible only in the spelling of Germanic */a/.

## Other languages

I-mutation exists in many other languages but is often referred to by different names. However, in the Romance languages, it is more commonly called metaphony (from Ancient Greek, meaning "process of changing sounds," which translates into German as umlaut: um "about" with laut "sound"). Meanwhile, in Celtic languages, it is referred to as affection. A type of i-mutation is also observed in Anatolian languages, including Hittite, Luwian, Lycian and Lydian.

### Korean language

In Middle Korean, I-backward-sequenced vowels (ㅐ, ㅔ, ㅒ, ㅖ, ㅚ, ㅟ, ㅢ) were diphthongs, i.e. ㅐ [ɐj], ㅔ [əj], ㅒ [jɐj], ㅖ [jəj], ㅚ [oj], ㅟ [uj], ㅢ[ɯj ~ ɰi]. However, in early modern Korean, they are monophthongized by umlaut, i.e. ㅐ [ɛ], ㅔ [e], ㅒ [jɛ], ㅖ [je], ㅚ [ø], ㅟ [y] with only one exception: ㅢ. However, in late modern Korean, ㅟ is diphthongized to [ɥi]. Also, ㅚ is unstable and standard Korean allows to pronounce both [ø] and [we].
In modern Korean language, there are two types of I-mutation, or I-assimilation: I-forward-assimilation (ㅣ 순행 동화) and I-backward-assimilation (ㅣ 역행 동화). Assimilation occurs when ㅣ is in front of (forward) or behind (backward) the syllable. In standard Korean, only a few words are allowed to assimilate, however, exceptions are often observed in some dialects and casual usage. I-forward-assimilation adds [j] sound, but I-backward-assimilation causes vowel to umlaut.
* Forward: 피어 (to bloom) [pʰi.ʌ] → 피여 [pʰi.jʌ], 아니오 (no) [ɐ.ȵi.o] → 아니요 [a.ȵi.jo]
* Backward: (Western Korean dialect) 아기 (baby) [ɐ.ɡi] → 애기 [ɛ.ɡi], 어미 (mother) [ʌ.mi] → 에미 [e.mi], 고기 (meat) [ko.ɡi] → 괴기 [kø.ɡi ‐ kwe.ɡi]
# Gagauz Republic

The Gagauz Republic (Gagauz: Gagauz Respublikası,; Romanian: Republica Găgăuzia,; Russian: Республика Гагаузия, romanized: Respublika Gagauziya,) was a self-proclaimed unrecognised political entity, first declared in 1989, that separated from Moldova in 1990 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union but later peacefully joined Moldova after being de facto independent from 1991 to 1995.

## History

The Special Congress of Representatives of the Gagauz people was held on 12 November 1989, in which the Gagauz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in the Moldavian SSR, but on the next day the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Moldavia abolished the Special Congress' decisions, calling them unconstitutional.
The Congress of People's Deputies of the Steppe South of the Moldavian SSR declared itself separate from the Moldavian SSR and the establishment of the Gagauz Republic within the Soviet Union on 19 August 1990. Two days later, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Moldavian SSR held an emergency meeting, and a decision was reached to declare the republic illegal and the congress unconstitutional. A detachment of Moldovan volunteers and police units were sent to Gagauzia to quell the dissidence, but the arrival of SSV soldiers prevented bloodshed.
Initially, the republic was made up of five districts: Comrat, Ceadîr-Lunga, Vulcănești, Basarabeasca, and Taraclia.
The Gagauz Republic never declared itself formally independent, and only became a de facto independent state following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
On 23 December 1994, on the basis of agreements reached by the Gagauz Republic and the Republic of Moldova, a document on the peaceful reintegration of Gagauzia, with rights of autonomy, was signed. It entered into force on 14 January 1995. The reintegration of Gagauzia was carried out from December 1994 to June 1995, when the Gagauz Republic legally dissolved and became the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia.

## Armed forces

As the Gagauzia conflict was developing and tensions between the Gagauz and the central government in Chișinău remained high, the Gagauz localities started establishing paramilitary structures such as the Budjak Battalion (Gagauz: Bucak Batalyonu; Romanian: Batalionul Bugeac) for their self-defense.
# Pjetër Mazreku

Pjetër Mazreku (1584– 27 November 1634) (Italian: Pietro Massarecchi, Latin: Petrus Massarecchius) was an Albanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He wrote documents on the state of Christians in the Ottoman Empire, and a short 33 word Albanian etymological dictionary, preserved as a manuscript.

## Life

Mazreku was born in Prizren, most likely in the village of Mazrek, into an Albanian family from the Mazreku tribe, which spoke in the Gheg dialect of Albanian. He served as the Archbishop of Bar from 1624 to 1634, while in 1631 he became the apostolic visitor of Hungary, Serbia and Slavonia. In 1634 he was ordained as the apostolic administrator of Serbia. Until his death around 1638 he served as Bishop of Prizren.
Mazreku knew many languages, and wrote an etymological dictionary of the Albanian language.

## Annotations

His name was spelt in Latin and Italian as Mazzaretus, Massarechio, Maserecho, Masarecho, Masserecco, Massarecius, etc. In Albanian, his name is spelt Pjetër Mazreku.
# Kuhnani Rural District

Kuhnani Rural District (Persian: دهستان کوهناني) is in Kuhnani District of Kuhdasht County, Lorestan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Kuhnani.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 11,596 in 2,364 households. There were 7,160 inhabitants in 1,765 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 6,665 in 1,827 households. The most populous of its 23 villages was Baba Gerd Ali, with 1,265 people.
# 2-Hydroxybenzylamine

2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA, marketed as Hobamine) is a natural product found in Himalayan tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). It acts as an antioxidant and scavanger of free radicals and isolevuglandins and is sold as a dietary supplement.
# Kéniaba Arrondissement

Kéniaba Arrondissement is an arrondissement of the Bakel Department in the Tambacounda Region of Senegal.

## Subdivisions

The arrondissement is divided administratively into rural communities and in turn into villages.
# Victor Omune

Victor Omune is a Kenyan striker currently in the ranks of Kenyan Premier League side AFC Leopards, and the Kenya National team.
Omune formerly turned out for FC Kariobangi Sharks, Mahakama FC, Muhoroni Youth, Nairobi Stima F.C. and KCB before returning to Leopards in 2021 for a second time.
# List of Soviet aircraft carriers named Admiral Kuznetsov

A ship class and an aircraft carrier have been named Admiral Kuznetsov after Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov (1904–1974), who was the People's Commissar of the Soviet Navy during World War II and later the Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Navy.
* Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier, a conventionally powered class of heavy aircraft carrying cruisers and the final class of Soviet aircraft carriers
* Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, a heavy aircraft carrying cruiser commissioned in 1991, and currently serving as the flagship of the Russian Navy.
# Ragged Island Wildlife Management Area

Ragged Island Wildlife Management Area, also known as Ragged Island Wildlife Refuge, is a 1,537-acre (6.22 km$^2$) Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Isle of Wight County, Virginia. Within a few miles of one of Virginia's busiest and most populated regions is the Ragged Island Wildlife Management Area, a largely unspoiled area of marshland and scattered woody hummocks. It includes unspoiled brackish marsh and small pine islands adjacent the south bank of the James River. The area is dominated by vegetation such as marsh mallow, smartweed, saltmarsh cordgrass, and black needlerush, with loblolly pine as the most common tree species. Impenetrable areas of wax myrtle and greenbriar are also found on the property. The area is known in particular for its wide range of waterfowl.
Ragged Island WMA is managed by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. The area is open to the public for hunting, trapping, fishing, and hiking. A boardwalk allows access for viewing the marsh and its wildlife. The WMA may accessed from two parking areas on U.S. Highway 17 just south of the James River Bridge. Access for persons 17 years of age or older requires a valid hunting or fishing permit, or a WMA access permit.