OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Five Old and Eight Middle-aged

Five Old and Eight Middle-aged or Five Lao and Eight Zhong (Chinese: 五老八中) is a synonym for a nationally acclaimed academic group formed during the heyday of Wuhan University's Chinese Department in the 1950s, when the department topped the Chinese departments of colleges and universities across the country because of its strong faculty lineup.

## Five Old

Source:
* Liu Yongji (Chinese: 刘永济), courtesy name Hongdu, known as "Hong Lao", was an expert in classical literature;
* Liu Ze (Chinese: 刘赜), known as "Bo Lao", was an expert in the phonetics of characters. He studied under the master of Chinese literature, Huang Kan, and his academic standard was praised by the great masters of Chinese literature Zhang Taiyan and Mr. Huang Jigang (Chinese: 黄季刚).
* Huang Zhuo (Chinese: 黄焯), known as "Yao Lao" (耀老), was an expert in Chinese classical studies and poetry. He was the cousin of Huang Kan.
* Xi Lusi (Chinese: 席鲁思), known as "Lu Lao", an expert in classics and history.
* Chen Dengque (Chinese: 陈登恪), known as "Deng Lao", an expert in novels of the Tang and Song dynasties. He was the son of Chen Sanli and the younger brother of Chen Yinke.

## Eight Middle-aged

Source:
* Cheng Qianfan (Chinese: 程千帆), an expert in classical literature, literary history and literature, and specializes in lecturing.
* Liu Shousong (Chinese: 刘绶松), mainly teaches courses on the history of new Chinese literature and is regarded as an expert on the history of new literature.
* Hu Guorui (Chinese: 胡国瑞), expert in classical literature.
* Zhou Dapu (Chinese: 周大璞), expert in linguistics.
* Li Jianzhang (Chinese: 李健章), head of the Classical Literature Program, an expert in classical literature, who wrote the inscription of the Memorial Pavilion for the June 1 Tragedy at Wuhan University (Chinese: 六一惨案).
* Li Gefei (Chinese: 李格非), expert in philology.
* Miao Kun (Chinese: 缪琨)
* Zhang Yongan (Chinese: 张永安)

## Others

The specific members of the "Five Old and Eight Middle-aged" have changed slightly, with Xu Tianmin (Chinese: 徐天闵) in the Five Old and Shen Zufen (Chinese: 沈祖棻) in the Eight Middle-aged.
# Space cadet

Space Cadet is a 1948 military sci-fi novel for young adults by Robert A. Heinlein.
Space cadet—or similar—may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### In multiple media

* Tom Corbett, Space Cadet, 1950s literary and audiovisual spin-offs of Heinlein's novel created by Joseph Greene

### Film

* Space Cadet (2024 film), a film starring its executive producer Emma Roberts
* Space Cadet (2025 film), a Canadian animated film by Kid Koala

### Comics

* Space Cadet (comic), a 1965 feature in the British Ranger magazine
* Space Cadet (graphic novel), 2011, by Kid Koala—with an accompanying music CD

### Music

* "Space Cadet" (song), 2019, by Metro Boomin
* Space Cadet (EP), 2019, by Beabadoobee
* Space Cadet Solo Flight, a 1981 album by KC and the Sunshine Band
* "Space Cadet", a song by Kyuss from Welcome to Sky Valley
* "Space Cadet", a song by hip-hop artist Kollision from album Control The Streets Vol. 1
* Space Cadets, a band with Jim Capaldi on drums

### Television

* Space Cadets (game show), a 1997 British television comedy panel show
* Space Cadets (TV series), a 2005 hoax event and reality show on British television
* "Space Cadet" (Recess episode)
* "Space Cadet" (Family Guy), an episode of Family Guy

### Video games

* Space Cadet, a table in the Full Tilt! Pinball computer pinball simulation game
* Space Cadet, the lowest rank for a player in the arcade video game Gorf, the rank at which players start the game

## Other uses

* Space-cadet keyboard, a 1978 computer keyboard layout with seven modifier keys
* Various slang uses of space cadet derived from the novel and its spin-offs
# Sacrifice in the Post-Kantian Tradition

Sacrifice in the Post-Kantian Tradition: Perspectivism, Intersubjectivity, and Recognition is a 2014 book about sacrifice by the philosopher Paolo Diego Bubbio, in which the author provides a historical and theoretical analysis of the development of the concept of sacrifice through the works of Kant, Karl Solger, Hegel, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche.

## Summary

Bubbio's main thesis is that there is a strong interrelation between the kenotic conception of sacrifice and the tradition of Kantian and post-Kantian idealism. In other words, this conception of sacrifice can be seen in the works of most of the thinkers of the post-Kantian tradition.
Bubbio argues that the very possibility of a “realm of reason” made up by values and norms depends on the recognition of “the other” as another human being. Particularly he emphasizes the reciprocal connection of the Hegel's recognition-theoretic approach and his emphasis on kenotic sacrifice, both of which are evidence of his belonging to perspectivism. Bubbio takes this kind of perspectivism as a fundamental feature of the post-Kantian tradition.

## Reception

Sacrifice in the Post-Kantian Tradition was reviewed by the philosophers Gianni Vattimo, Chris Fleming, Mark Alznauer, and Patrick Stokes.
Vattimo writes: "… Bubbio’s book is an important philosophical work: not only as an excellent analysis of sacrifice in the post-Kantian tradition but also—and perhaps especially—because it confronts what is more alive in contemporary philosophy in a clear and productive way." Fleming writes: "Bubbio’s particular talent is for re-excavating the history of Western philosophy and asking us to see anew things that we have read before."
# Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle S10

The men's 100m freestyle S10 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 6 September. There were three heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results
### Heats

Competed from 11:33.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 4 | Benoît Huot | Canada | 54.46 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Michael Anderson | Australia | 54.70 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Dmitry Grigorev | Russia | 54.95 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | Robert Welbourn | Great Britain | 55.45 | |
| 5 | 2 | Isaac Bouckley | Canada | 56.29 | |
| 6 | 7 | Lasse Winther Andersen | Denmark | 56.99 | |
| 7 | 1 | Shahin Izadyar | Iran | 57.91 | AS |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 4 | Phelipe Andrews Melo Rodrigues | Brazil | 53.21 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Nathan Stein | Canada | 54.23 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Lucas Ludwig | Germany | 55.71 | |
| 4 | 2 | Graham Edmunds | Great Britain | 56.01 | |
| 5 | 7 | Rick Pendleton | Australia | 56.62 | |
| 6 | 1 | Joe Wise | United States | 56.93 | |
| 7 | 6 | Achmat Hassiem | South Africa | 57.61 | AF |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 5 | Andrew Pasterfield | Australia | 53.01 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | André Brasil | Brazil | 53.02 | Q |
| 3 | 7 | Ian Jaryd Silverman | United States | 54.85 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | David Levecq | Spain | 55.15 | |
| 5 | 6 | Kevin Paul | South Africa | 55.55 | AF |
| 6 | 1 | Filip Coufal | Czech Republic | 57.17 | |
| 7 | 2 | Justin Zook | United States | 58.03 | |

### Final

Competed at 20:20.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 5 | André Brasil | Brazil | 51.07 | PR |
| | 3 | Phelipe Andrews Melo Rodrigues | Brazil | 52.42 | |
| | 4 | Andrew Pasterfield | Australia | 52.77 | OC |
| 4 | 2 | Benoît Huot | Canada | 53.32 | |
| 5 | 6 | Nathan Stein | Canada | 53.59 | |
| 6 | 8 | Dmitry Grigorev | Russia | 54.33 | EU |
| 7 | 1 | Ian Jaryd Silverman | United States | 54.68 | |
| 8 | 7 | Michael Anderson | Australia | 54.73 | |
Q = qualified for final. PR = Paralympic Record. EU = European Record. AS = Asian Record. AF = African Record. OC = Oceania Record.
# Antonio Cerdá

Antonio Cerdá (10 December 1921 – 28 November 2010) was an Argentine professional golfer.

## Professional career

Cerdá solo runner-up second in the 1951 Open Championship to Max Faulkner. Two years later he finished joint runner-up at the 1953 Open Championship to Ben Hogan, among seven consecutive top-ten finishes in the championship. He won several national opens in Europe in the 1950s and won the first Canada Cup with Roberto De Vicenzo in 1953 for Argentina. Later in his career, Cerdá would emigrate to Mexico, and also represented that country five times at the World Cup, finishing third in 1967.
After an outstanding professional career, Cerdá dedicated over 40 years to golf instruction, particularly to young players in Mexico, like his son Antonio Cerdá Jr..

## Professional wins (37)
### European wins (8)

* 1950 Spanish Open
* 1951 German Open
* 1952 German Open, Belgian Open, Spalding Tournament (tie with Harry Weetman)
* 1955 Yorkshire Evening News Tournament
* 1956 Dutch Open, Italian Open

### Argentine wins (23)

* 1944 Cordoba PGA Championship
* 1946 Alta Gracia Tournament
* 1948 Argentine Open, Palermo Match Play
* 1949 Ranelagh Open
* 1950 South Open, Masllorens Grand Prix
* 1951 Cirio Grand Prix
* 1952 Argentine PGA Championship, Center Open, Jockey Club Grand Prix
* 1953 Center Open
* 1954 Acantilados Grand Prix, Jockey Club Grand Prix, Fernet Branca Grand Prix
* 1955 South Open, Center Open
* 1956 Argentine Open, Ranelagh Open, Rio Cuarto Open, Western Textil Grand Prix
* 1957 Rio Cuarto Open, Western Textil Grand Prix (tie with Romulado Barbieri and Fidel de Luca)

### Other wins (6)

this list is probably incomplete
* 1953 Canada Cup (team with Roberto De Vicenzo)
* 1954 Barranquilla Open (Colombia)
* 1955 Panama Open, Manizalez Tournament (Colombia), Jamaica Open
* 1958 Mexican Open

## Results in major championships

| Tournament | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 |
| Masters Tournament | | | | | | | | | | | | | T24 | T39 | T39 | CUT |
| The Open Championship | CUT | CUT | 2 | T5 | T2 | T5 | T5 | T8 | T9 | T26 | T16 | | | | | |
Note: Cerdá only played in the Masters Tournament and The Open Championship.
NT = No tournament CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" indicates a tie for a place

## Team appearances

* World Cup (representing Argentina): 1953 (winners), 1954, 1955, 1957
* World Cup (representing Mexico): 1962, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1968
# Oreocryptophis

Oreocryptophis porphyraceus is a rat snake species, commonly called the black-banded trinket snake, red bamboo snake, found in mid to upper-level elevations of forested hills in southeastern Asia, ranging from evergreen tropical to dry seasonal forests depending on the subspecies and locality. It is the only member of the genus Oreocryptophis, but it was formerly placed in Elaphe.

## Description

The head is small, sharp and squarish, while the color pattern includes red or orange colors, along with black bands or stripes. A terrestrial species, it has a preference for cool climates that restricts its habitat to hills and mountain plateaus. It is known to be crepuscular, active during the late evenings till night and dawn till late mornings. In captivity, it is one of the most sought-after rat snake species.

## Distribution

India (Darjeeling, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh (Miao, Namdapha - Changlang district, Itanagar - Papum Pare district), Myanmar, Bhutan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Nepal, South China (Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hong Kong, Hainan, northward to Henan and Gansu; south to Wei He river), Taiwan, West Malaysia (Cameron Highlands, Pahang), Indonesia (Sumatra). The type locality given is "India: Assam, Mishmi [Mishmee] Hills." It is also reported from Lowachhara National Park of North-eastern Bangladesh

## Habitat

These rat snakes thrive under cool and very humid conditions. On many occasions they are found at altitudes exceeding 800 meters in evergreen moist rainforest or monsoon forests, depending on the subspecies and locality. They spend most of the time hiding in leaf litter, under moss carpets, or under rocks and logs.

## Diet

The diet consists primarily of rodents and other small mammals in the wild. Frogs are a possibility. In captivity, mice are accepted readily.

## Subspecies

| Subspecies | Geographic range |
| O. p. porphyraceus | Bhutan; India; Laos; Myanmar; Nepal; China, Thailand, Vietnam |
| O. p. coxi | NW Thailand |
| O. p. kawakamii | Taiwan |
| O. p. laticinctus | Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra |
| O. p. vaillanti | China, Vietnam |
| O. p. pulchra | China |
# Salamon Raj

Salamon Raj a/l Adaickalam (born 23 March 1994) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Petaling Jaya City.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 12 September 2021
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Sri Pahang | 2016 | 19 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 21 | 1 |
| Sri Pahang | 2017 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 1 |
| Sri Pahang | 2018 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| Sri Pahang | 2019 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 0 |
| Sri Pahang | Total | 37 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0 | – | – | 48 | 2 |
| Petaling Jaya City | 2020 | 5 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Petaling Jaya City | 2021 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 19 | 0 |
| Petaling Jaya City | Total | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 24 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |

## Honours
### Sri Pahang

* Malaysia FA Cup: 2018
# Cyclosalpa bakeri

Cyclosalpa bakeri is a salp, a marine tunicate in the class Thaliacea. It is found floating in the open sea in the Indo-Pacific region.

## Description

Like other salps, Cyclosalpa bakeri has two different phases. In one of these forms, individuals live a solitary life. They are cylindrical, transparent, gelatinous animals with a rather flabby test, growing to about 15 cm (6ins) long. There are openings at the anterior and posterior ends of the cylinder which can be opened or closed as needed. The bodies have seven transverse bands of muscle interspersed by white, translucent patches. A stolon grows from near the endostyle (an elongated glandular structure producing mucus for trapping food particles). The stolon is a ribbon-like organ on which a batch of aggregate forms of the animal are produced by budding. The aggregate is the second, colonial form of the salp and is also gelatinous, transparent and flabby. It takes the shape of a radial whorl of individuals up to about 20 cm (4 in) in diameter. It is formed of approximately 12 zooids linked side by side in a shape that resembles a crown.

## Distribution

Cyclosalpa bakeri has an Indo-Pacific distribution. Its range includes tropical and temperate waters and extends as far north as Alaska.

## Biology

Cyclosalpa bakeri moves by contracting its bands of muscles rhythmically at the same time opening and closing the front and rear openings appropriately. This squeezes water out from the hollow interior and the animal moves in the opposite direction, a form of jet propulsion. This water movement brings in suspended phytoplankton which are caught by a mucus net. Cyclosalpa bakeri is an extremely efficient feeder. The aggregates can grow by a quarter of their size each day and individuals can eat more than half their body mass daily.
Individuals within the aggregate are sequential hermaphrodites. They usually start life as females but later develop into males. Eggs are produced by the females and are fertilised by sperm from another aggregate. There is no larval form and a single embryo develops in each individual in the aggregate. This later becomes detached from the aggregate and becomes a solitary individual ready to undergo asexual reproduction by budding again. The animal's rapid growth and this alternation of generations means that the population can build up rapidly when there is a plentiful food supply such as a bloom of phytoplankton. The salps themselves are eaten by fish, turtles, birds, jellyfish, heteropods, siphonophores and ctenophores.
# The Defector (Star Trek: The Next Generation)

"The Defector" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the 58th episode of the series overall.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, a Romulan defector requests asylum aboard the Enterprise after claiming to possess vital information about an imminent Romulan invasion.

## Plot

While Data is performing a scene from Shakespeare’s Henry V under Captain Picard's direction, they are interrupted by a notification that a Romulan scout vessel is fleeing a Romulan warbird through the Neutral Zone, and approaching Federation space. The Enterprise intercepts the ship, and the Warbird retreats. The occupant of the ship claims he is Sub-Lieutenant Setal, a logistics clerk seeking to defect to the Federation after learning about a secret Romulan installation on the planet Nelvana III, within the Neutral Zone, that could sustain a large Romulan fleet.
Picard and his crew are skeptical of Setal's claims after he refuses to provide evidence, and Picard orders an investigation of Setal's reliability. After Setal's ship auto-destructs, the crew review the records of his arrival, and suspect that the Romulans have arranged Setal's appearance as part of an elaborate hoax. Picard refuses to enter the Neutral Zone on the baseless claims.
Setal confides to Data that his defection came at a heavy price; he will never see Romulus or his family again. Data attempts to alleviate Setal's feelings by taking him to a holodeck representation of Romulus. Setal dismisses the hologram, and reveals he is Admiral Jarok, a high-ranking officer who led a vicious campaign against several Federation outposts. Jarok again beseeches Picard to investigate Nelvana III, explaining that he has defected to protect his family from a possible war. After persuading Jarok to disclose detailed tactical information about Romulan capabilities, Picard orders the Enterprise to Nelvana III.
When they arrive, the crew find no evidence of any installation, to Jarok's surprise. Unexpectedly, two Romulan warbirds decloak and fire upon the Enterprise. Picard realizes Jarok was used as a pawn by the Romulans, feeding him disinformation to lure the Federation into the Neutral Zone. In response to Romulan commander Tomalak's demand for the Enterprise's surrender, Picard reveals that he prepared for this: three Klingon Birds-of-Prey, sent by the Klingon Empire at Picard's request, decloak and surround the warbirds, rendering the situation a stalemate. The Romulans retreat, allowing the Enterprise to leave.
Soon, the crew discovers that Jarok has committed suicide, leaving behind a note for his family. While Data notes that relations with the Empire make delivery of the letter impossible, Picard states that as long as there are Romulans with Admiral Jarok's courage and conviction, it may, one day, be possible to deliver Jarok's letter.
# Ricardo Naón

Ricardo Naón was an Argentine footballer who played as a midfielder.
He was part of Argentina's squad for the 1916 South American Championship, but did not play any game during the tournament.
Badaracco played two international matches for Argentina.
# Johanne Rosing

Johanne Cathrine Rosing (née Olsen; 2 June 1756 – 15 January 1853) was a Danish stage actress and ballet dancer, one of the most noted of the era.

## Biography

Born in a poor home as the daughter of Herman Olsen and Gundel Marie Abelgreen. She was a maid before she became a student of the French Ballet company at the court theatre and, in 1772, of the Royal Danish Ballet, when the court theatre became a part of the Royal Danish Theatre. There, she was made an actress in 1773 and given an education of a singer by the theatre. She never learned to read and write. In 1777–79, she was a member of the academy Det Dramatiske Selskab under the direction of Frederik Schwarz (1753–1838).
She was married the Norwegian actor Michael Rosing (1756–1818). They were the parents of singer and stage actress Emilie Rosing (1783–1811).
As an actress, she had her great breakthrough in the 1780s, when she began to play the part of mother: in the part of a "tender mother", she personified the new ideal of femininity of the time, which was highlighted by the fact that she was often pregnant on stage. In these roles, she gained great popularity. She retired in 1823.
She died on 15 January 1853 and is buried in Asminderød Cemetery in Fredensborg.
# List of Uruguayan women artists

This is a list of women artists who were born in Uruguay or whose artworks are closely associated with that country.

## A

* Gladys Afamado (1925–2024), poet and visual artist
* Bárbara Álvarez (born 1970), cinematographer
* Elsa Andrada (1920–2010), painter and upholsterer

## B

* Blanca Luz Brum (1905–1985), writer and artist

## C

* Josefina Canel Suarez de Gallesio (1915–2004), visual artist and painter
* Agustina Casas Sere-Leguizamon (born 1984), digital artist

## D

* Águeda Dicancro (1938–2019), sculptor
* Lacy Duarte (1937–2015), visual artist

## F

* Beatriz Flores Silva (born 1956), film director

## G

* María Helena García Brunel (1917–1996), painter
* Alejandra González Soca (born 1973), artist and psychologist
* Leonilda González (1923–2017), painter and engraver

## H

* Gabriela Hearst (born 1976), garment designer
* Magali Herrera (1914–1992), artist and writer

## I

* Eloísa Ibarra (born 1968), visual artist

## K

* Mônica Kabregu Bernasconi (born 1947), ceramicist

## L

* Hilda López (1922–1996), painter and sculptor

## M

* María Esther Mendy (born 1910), painter
* Jill Mulleady (born 1980), painter

## N

* Adela Neffa (1922-2019), sculptor

## O

* Raquel Orzuj (1939–2018), cartoonist and artist

## P

* Agó Páez Vilaró (born 1954), plastic artist
* Virginia Patrone (born 1950), painter
* Manolita Piña (1883–1994), painter
* Olga Piria (1927–2015), artist, pianist, and goldsmith

## R

* Quela Rovira (1917–2014), painter and sculptor

## S

* Elián Stolarsky (born 1990), visual artist and illustrator

## T

* Ana Tiscornia (born 1951), visual artist

## U

* Mariví Ugolino (born 1943), sculptor

## V

* Petrona Viera (1895–1960), painter
* Cecilia Vignolo (born 1971), visual artist and teacher

## W

* Margaret Whyte (born 1940), visual artist

## Z

* Guma Zorrilla (1919–2001), costume designer