OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernest P. Buffett

Ernest Platt Buffett (February 3, 1877 – September 22, 1946) was an American businessman and grocer. He was the father of U.S. Congressman Howard Buffett and grandfather of businessman and investor Warren Buffett.

## Early life

Buffett was born in Dix Hills, New York, on February 3, 1877, to Sidney Homan Buffett (1848–1927) and Eveline Ketcham Buffett (1850–1886). Buffett's parents were second cousins, both having mainly English descent. The Buffet surname (changed to Buffett) originates in France with a Huguenot weaver, named John Buffett, who became Buffett's first American Buffett ancestor when he immigrated to New York in the late 1600s.
Buffett attended Omaha High School.

## Career

After graduation from high school, he worked at his father's "Buffett & Son" grocery from 1895 to 1915, becoming the owner and operator of its new downtown branch location in 1915. He employed his grandson Warren at the grocery store when he was in high school.
Buffett gained local and national recognition for his innovation in the grocery industry for the first decades of the 20th century. He founded a retail cooperative organization known as "Buy-Rite" which allowed smaller, family-owned grocers to compete with the larger chain supermarkets and stores through cooperative purchasing and advertising.
In 1902, Buffett became the president of the Omaha Retail Grocers Association and later was the president of the Nebraska Retail Grocers Association. He also was an active member of the National Retail Grocers Association. Buffett was a member of the local chamber of commerce, rotary club, Boy Scouts of America council, and served for a period as president of the Nebraska Humane Society.
Buffett was an astute businessman who was known to be frugal, strict, and conservative. In 1939, he wrote, "there has never been a Buffett who ever left a very large estate, but there has never been one that did not leave something. They never spent all they made, but always saved part of what they made, and it has all worked out pretty well."

## Personal life

Buffett married Henrietta Duvall on March 21, 1898. They had 5 children, including Howard Buffett, a four-term member of the United States House of Representatives (1903–1964). Buffett is the grandfather of famed American businessman and investor Warren Buffett. After Henrietta's death in 1921, Buffett married Belle Bailey in 1922.
The Buffetts were active members of Dundee Presbyterian Church in Omaha.
Buffett was writing an unfinished book titled, “How to Run a Grocery Store and a Few Things I Have Learned About Fishing.”

## Death

Buffett died on September 22, 1946, at the age of 69 in Omaha. He is buried at Prospect Hill Cemetery.
# Chapit-e Sofla

Chapit-e Sofla (Persian: چاپيت سفلي) is a village in, and the capital of, Tarhan-e Gharbi Rural District of Tarhan District, Kuhdasht County, Lorestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,104 in 221 households. The following census in 2011 counted 955 people in 218 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 713 people in 203 households.
# James A. Champy

James (Jim) Champy (born 1942) is an Italian American business consultant, and organizational theorist, known for his work in the field of business process reengineering, business process improvement and organizational change. He co-authored the book "Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution" in 1993 with Michael Martin Hammer, which was considered one of the 25 most influential business management books by Time (magazine).

## Biography
### Education

Champy earned his B.S. in 1963 and his M.S. in Civil Engineering in 1965 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a J.D. degree from Boston College Law School in 1968.

### Career

Champy consults with senior-level executives of multinational companies seeking to improve business performance. His approach centers on helping leaders achieve business results through four distinct, yet overlapping areas: business strategy, management and operations, organizational development and change, and information technology.
Champy was chairman and chief executive officer of CSC Index, the management consulting arm of Computer Sciences Corporation. He had been one of the original founders of Index, a $200 million consulting practice that was acquired by CSC in 1988. Subsequently he was chairman of Dell Perot Systems’ (now Dell Services) consulting practice, where he was responsible for providing direction and guidance to the company’s team of business and management consultants.

### Legacy

Champy was a senior research fellow at Harvard's Advanced Leadership Initiative from 2011-2015. He is a life member of the MIT Corporation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology's board of trustees, and serves on the board of overseers of the Boston College Law School. He is also a member of the board of directors of Analog Devices, Inc.
Champy is a member of the MIT School of Engineering Dean's Advisory Council (DAC).
James and his wife, Lois, established the James A. '68 and Lois Champy Fund, to fund scholarships for students pursuing public interest law at Boston College Law School.

## Selected publications

* Michael Hammer, and James Champy. Reengineering the Corporation: Manifesto for Business Revolution, 1993.
* Champy, James. Reengineering management., 1995.
* Champy, James. X-engineering the corporation. New York, NY: Warner Books, 2002.
* James Champy and Harry Greenspun. Reengineering Healthcare: A Manifesto for Radically Rethinking Health Care Delivery. FT Press, 2010.

### Articles, a selection

* Champy, James A. "Preparing for organizational change." The organization of the future (1997): 9-16.
# Chabielice

Chabielice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczerców, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Szczerców, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Bełchatów, and 63 km (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
The village has an approximate population of 500.
# El Golobar

El Golobar is a mountain spot located in the north of the province of Palencia, Spain. It is located in a region of great ecological richness, the Montaña Palentina, in the municipality of Brañosera, the oldest municipality in Spain.
At the end of the 1960s, there were plans to build a ski resort in the vicinity, and several ski lifts and a large building at the top of the mountain to be used as a Parador de Turismo, but the project was stopped and the facilities were abandoned.
The road that gives access to the enclave reaches 1840 m.a.s.l. and is the highest in the province. From the parking lot, you can easily reach the peaks of Valdecebollas and Sestil, as well as other important points of the Sierra de Híjar, such as Sel de la Fuente, where the Pisuerga River rises.

## Access

The road that ascends to Golobar starts from the PP-2204 that joins Brañosera with Reinosa, in Cantabria (from the Cantabrian limit it is called CA-280) going up the Sierra de Híjar. Shortly before reaching Salcedillo, take a detour to the left where the road begins, called PP-2203, and which after 6.5 km reaches the mountain refuge.

## History

The history of Golobar is linked to the ski resort project that the Provincial Council of Palencia carried out in that place at the end of the 1960s, which also included the construction of a Parador de Turismo at its summit. The tourist boom in mountain sports, backed by the success of the nearby Alto Campoo ski resort, led to the idea of locating the facility in this privileged environment. After the completion of the road leading to the parador, whose construction was practically finished on an esplanade in front of a spectacular valley, the first ski lifts were built a few kilometers below and close to a large parking lot with a capacity for 250 vehicles. In 1973, the economic crisis shook the budgets, and the works, which were very close to completion, were left unfinished and abandoned. Since then, the facilities have suffered progressive deterioration: the ski lifts were removed because of the risk they posed and the hotel building was first used as a shelter and then as a livestock corral, which is the use it is currently assigned. The access road lacks maintenance and has suffered some landslides in recent years.
In 2016, a project was presented to recover the building, transforming it into a high-performance sports center, which in 2017 was transferred to the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training.

## Use

The privileged location of Golobar has turned its surroundings into an ideal place for various sports, especially skiing, hiking from its summit and cycling. It is the starting point for routes through the most visited places in the area, such as Valdecebollas, El Sestil, Sel de la Fuente, Covarrés and Fuente del Cobre. It also provides privileged views over the valley of Santullán and the Somahoz hill. The most important cycling competitions that take place in El Golobar are the Vuelta a Castilla y León, which included a stage finish in its 2008 edition with a victory for Alberto Contador, and the Vuelta a Palencia, where it has become its most emblematic stage.
# Orątki Górne

Orątki Górne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żychlin, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Żychlin, 22 km (14 mi) east of Kutno, and 54 km (34 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Thamer Al-Meshauqeh

Thamer Al-Meshauqeh (Arabic: ثامر المشيقح, born 22 April 1991) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a forward.

## Career

Al-Meshauqeh started his career at Al-Taawon and is a product of the Al-Taawoun's youth system. On 2 September 2012, Al-Meshauqeh made his professional debut for Al-Taawoun against Al-Raed in the Pro League, replacing Yassin Hamzah . He then played with Al-Asyah, and Al-Bukayriyah.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 29 July 2020
| Club | Season | League | League | King Cup | King Cup | Asia | Asia | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Al-Taawoun | 2011–12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Al-Taawoun | 2012–13 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | 6 | 0 |
| Al-Taawoun | 2013–14 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 8 | 1 |
| Al-Taawoun | 2014–15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Al-Taawoun | Total | 16 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| Career totals | Career totals | 16 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
# Les Smith (footballer, born 1918)

Leslie George Frederick Smith (13 March 1918 – 20 May 1995) was an English footballer.

## Football career

He was born and educated in Ealing and was a junior with Petersham, before joining Brentford as an amateur on 26 June 1934. Whilst as an amateur he gained experience at both Wimbledon and Hayes F.C. on loan, before turning professional with the Bees in March 1936 as an outside-right. On 24 May 1939, he was capped by England, replacing the injured Stanley Matthews against Romania, to become Brentford's second England international following Billy Scott in 1936.
When the war broke out, Smith played a vital part in the RAF as a rear gunner, where he consequently met his future wife, Joan (who was part of the women's RAF). However Smith still managed to play for Brentford during the war. He also played 13 wartime internationals for England, 11 whilst a Brentford player and 2 once transferred to Aston Villa. He also played in 3 'unofficial International matches', under the guise of an FA XI, but all players played in England shirts, all were English and all received notification on English FA headed paper.
As a consequence of the Second World War, regionalized football returned. Smith guested for Chelsea during the war and won the Football League War Cup (south) with the club at Wembley in 1945.
In October 1945, Smith signed for Aston Villa for a fee of £7,500, where he spent six seasons and became a crowd favourite. In 1952, he returned to Brentford, for a fee of £3,000, where he spent one season before retiring. After his retirement he went into management for a season with Kidderminster Harriers, before becoming a scout for Wolverhampton Wanderers.

## Personal life

Smith was the son of Francis Edmond and Ethel-May and he had one sister, Frances (m. Byrne). Smith attended St Dunstan's College in Ealing, where he was a friend of his future Brentford manager Harry Curtis' son Gordon. After leaving Brentford for the second time in 1953, he returned to Aston and ran an electrical business. Smith died of Alzheimer's disease in May 1995.

## Honours
### As a player

Brentford
* London War Cup: 1941–42
Chelsea
* Football League War Cup (south): 1945
Individual
* Brentford Hall of Fame
# Species homogeneity

In ecology, species homogeneity is a lack of biodiversity. Species richness is the fundamental unit in which to assess the homogeneity of an environment. Therefore, any reduction in species richness, especially endemic species, could be argued as advocating the production of a homogeneous environment.

## Monocultures

Homogeneity in agriculture and forestry; in particular, industrial agriculture and forestry use a limited number of species. About 7,000 plants (2.6% of all plant species) have been collected or cultivated for human consumption. Of these, a mere 200 have been domesticated and only a dozen contribute about 75% of the global intake of plant-derived calories.
95% of world consumption of protein derives from a few domesticated species, i.e. poultry, cattle and pigs. There are about 1,000 commercial fish species, but in aquaculture fewer than 10 species dominate global production. Human food production therefore rests on the tips of pyramids of biodiversity, leaving the majority of species not utilised and not domesticated.

## Species migration

Species naturally migrate and expand their ranges, utilising new habitats and resources, e.g. the cattle egret. These natural invasions, an incursion in the absence of anthropogenic influences, occur "when an intervening barrier is removed, or through the development of biotic or abiotic transportation mechanisms, able to overcome the barrier in question". Introductions, or human-mediated invasions, have in the last century become more frequent. It is estimated that on an average day more than 3,000 species alone are in transit aboard ocean-going vessels.
Using species richness as the unit for which to assess global homogeneity, it appears that anthropogenic assistance in alien species establishment has done much to reduce the number of endemic species, especially on remote islands. Some 'species-poor' habitats may, however, benefit in diversity if an invader can occupy an empty niche. Arguably, that environment becomes more diverse, equally it has also "become more similar to the rest of the world", though ecological interactions between the invaders and the natives are likely to be unique. Indeed, many species are so well naturalised that they are considered native, yet they were originally introduced; with the best examples probably being the Roman and Norman introduction of the hare and the rabbit respectively to Britain.
Introduction of non-endemic species and subsequent eradication of species can happen remarkably fast; evolutionary tempo is, however, slow and "succession of rapid change [will] result in a great impoverishment". That impoverishment will indeed equate in a world that is more similar, as there will simply be less species to formulate difference.
# Platylabini

Platylabini is a tribe of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 40 genera and about 8 described species in Platylabini.

## Genera

These 40 genera belong to the tribe Platylabini:
* Acantholabus Heinrich, 1974
* Afrectopius Heinrich, 1936
* Ambloplisus Heinrich, 1930
* Apaeleticus Wesmael, 1845
* Asthenolabus Heinrich, 1951
* Carlsonia Heinrich, 1973
* Clypeolabus Heinrich, 1974
* Cotiheresiarches Telenga, 1929
* Cratolaboides Tereshkin, 2009
* Cratolabus Heinrich, 1974
* Cyclolabellus Heinrich, 1974
* Cyclolabus Heinrich, 1936
* Dentilabus Heinrich, 1974
* Ectopius Wesmael, 1859
* Ectopoides Heinrich, 1951
* Heinrichiellus Tereshkin, 2009
* Hirtolabus Heinrich, 1974
* Hoploplatystylus Schmiedeknecht, 1912
* Hypomecus Wesmael, 1845
* Lamprojoppa Cameron, 1901
* Levansa Townes, 1961
* Linycus Cameron, 1903
* Lissolaboides Heinrich, 1974
* Neeurylabia Heinrich, 1967
* Neolevansa Gauld, 1984
* Neolinycus Heinrich, 1971
* Notoplatylabus Heinrich, 1936
* Pachyjoppa Cameron, 1901
* Pagarenes Cameron, 1903
* Platybirmania Heinrich, 1974
* Platylabus Wesmael, 1845
* Platymischos Tischbein, 1868
* Poecilostictus Ratzeburg, 1852
* Pristicerops Heinrich, 1961
* Pristiceros Gravenhorst, 1829
* Probolus Wesmael, 1845
* Pyramidophorus Tischbein, 1882
* Rhyssolabus
* Spanophatnus Cameron, 1905
* Tropicolabus Heinrich, 1959
# Chabielice-Kolonia

Chabielice-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczerców, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Szczerców, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Bełchatów, and 62 km (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
The village has an approximate population of 200.
# 2018 AFL Rising Star

The NAB AFL Rising Star award is given annually to a standout young player in the Australian Football League (AFL). Jaidyn Stephenson of Collingwood was the winner with 52 votes ahead of Tom Doedee of Adelaide who received 42.

## Eligibility

Every round, a nomination is given to a standout young player who performed well during that particular round. To be eligible for nomination, a player must be under 21 on 1 January of that year and have played ten or fewer senior games before the start of the season; a player who is suspended may be nominated, but is not eligible to win the award.

## Nominations

2018 AFL Rising Star nominees :
| Round | Player | Club |
| 1 | Riley Bonner | Port Adelaide |
| 2 | Tom Doedee | Adelaide |
| 3 | Sam Murray | Collingwood |
| 4 | Jaidyn Stephenson | Collingwood |
| 5 | Ben Long | St Kilda |
| 6 | Jake Waterman | West Coast |
| 7 | Jack Henry | Geelong |
| 8 | Ben Ronke | Sydney |
| 9 | Alex Witherden | Brisbane Lions |
| 10 | Ed Richards | Western Bulldogs |
| 11 | Oliver Florent | Sydney |
| 12 | Brennan Cox | Fremantle |
| 13 | Hunter Clark | St Kilda |
| 14 | Paddy Dow | Carlton |
| 15 | Cameron Rayner | Brisbane Lions |
| 16 | Adam Cerra | Fremantle |
| 17 | Sam Taylor | Greater Western Sydney |
| 18 | Jack Higgins | Richmond |
| 19 | Tom Cole | West Coast |
| 20 | Harry Morrison | Hawthorn |
| 21 | James Worpel | Hawthorn |
| 22 | Aaron Francis | Essendon |
| 23 | Aaron Naughton | Western Bulldogs |

## Final voting

| | Player | Club | Votes |
| 1 | Jaidyn Stephenson | Collingwood | 52 |
| 2 | Tom Doedee | Adelaide | 42 |
| 3 | Alex Witherden | Brisbane Lions | 35 |
| 4 | Jack Higgins | Richmond | 11 |
| 5 | Oliver Florent | Sydney | 10 |
| 5 | Jack Henry | Geelong | 10 |
| 7 | Cameron Rayner | Brisbane Lions | 4 |
| 8 | Ben Ronke | Sydney | 2 |
| 9 | Aaron Francis | Essendon | 1 |
| 9 | Ed Richards | Western Bulldogs | 1 |
# Scott Guyton

Scott Guyton (born 11 June 1976) is a New Zealand former professional cyclist, who currently works as the directeur sportif and general manager of UCI Continental team Bolton Equities Black Spoke. Guyton competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, in the men's individual road race, and at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, in the men's individual road race.

## Major results
### 1998

    1st Overall Tour of Southland
    1st GP du Printemps
    9th Overall Herald Sun Tour

### 2000

    3rd Ronde van Midden Brabant

### 2001

    1st Auckland 1000/TelstraClear Challenge
    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
    8th Overall Tour of Japan
    10th Brussel-Ingooigem
    10th Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen

### 2002

    1st Stage 10 Tour of Southland

### 2003

    1st Overall Tour of Southland
       1st Stage 8
    3rd Overall Herald Sun Tour
       1st Stage 13

### 2004

    1st Stage 1 (TTT) Tour of Southland
    1st K2 Classic
# Bouches-de-l'Èbre

Bouches-de-l'Èbre (French:; "Mouths of the Ebro") Catalan: Boques de l'Ebre), was a short-lived department of the First French Empire in present-day Spain. It was created on 26 January 1812 on Catalonia's annexation by the French Empire. It incorporated Catalan territories of the Ebre basin and the municipalities of Fraga and Mequinenza. Its prefecture was in Lleida and its subprefectures were Tortosa, Cervera and Tarragona; its only prefect was Alban de Villeneuve-Bargemont, who had previously been auditor to the Council of State and sub prefect of Zierickzée (a subprefecture of the department of Bouches-de-l'Escaut). He served as prefect from 12 February 1812 until 1813, moving to become prefect of Sambre-et-Meuse then of Tarn-et-Garonne under the First Restoration - he then continued his career as a prefect under the Second Restoration before finally becoming a member of the Chamber of Deputies of France under the July Monarchy.
On 7 March 1813 this department was merged with that of Montserrat to form the department of Montserrat-et-Bouches-de-l'Èbre (though the civil administration of the area was suppressed and replaced by a military government). After the French retreat, it was dissolved by Spain in 1814.
# Orłów-Parcel

Orłów-Parcel is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bedlno, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Bedlno, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kutno, and 41 km (25 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź. It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Orłów was a county seat and private town within the Łęczyca Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.
# Acid Orange 7

Acid Orange 7, also known as 2-naphthol orange is an azo dye. It is used for dyeing wool.

## Preparation

It is produced by azo coupling of β-naphthol and diazonium derivative of sulfanilic acid.
    Synthesis of Acid Orange 7
# Yevhen Santrapynskykh

Yevhen Santrapynskykh (Ukrainian: Євген Костянтинович Сантрапинських; born 21 October 1987) is a Ukrainian former professional football midfielder.

## Career

Yevhen Santrapynskykh is a product of Bastion Illichivsk school system, in Odesa Oblast. He made his debut for the Metalurh Zaporizhzhia senior team on 10 June 2007, during the Ukrainian Premier League home match against rival FC Kharkiv, which Metalurh club won 3:1.
# Chajczyny

Chajczyny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zelów, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Zelów, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Bełchatów, and 44 km (27 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.