OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blairlogie Castle

Blairlogie Castle (in Scottish Gaelic: Caisteil Blàr Lagaidh), also known as "The Blair", stands in its grounds near the village of Blairlogie in Stirling in Scotland, one of Scotland's earliest conservation villages, consisting of a cluster of 17th-19th-century cottages. The castle commands a strategic position at the southern end of the Ochil Hills on the Northeastern approach into the ancient Scottish capital of Stirling. It sits at the base of the cliff of Dumyat, and at the foot of Castlelaw, overlooking the National Wallace Monument.
The castle is a category A listed building and was listed in 1973.

## History

The lands of the Blairlogie estate were held by the Scottish Crown until 1513, when James IV granted them to a James Spittal, a Stirling based merchant who was said to have served as tailor to Queen Margaret. James Spittal died in 1528, and his younger son, a second James, inherited the lands of Blairlogie. His son, Alexander Spitall, had the tower built in 1543, and it was Alexander’s son Adam Spittal who extended it with a stair wing in 1582 making it into a L-plan tower. Blairlogie was a possession of the Spittal family from the late 15th century until 1767, when the last to bear the name, Elizabeth Spitall, married Robert Dundas of Blair, near Culross. The estate hence passed into the hands of the Dundases of Blair. In 1845 a later Robert Dundas sold the estate, after which passed through different hands. The castle and surrounding estate was purchased by Lt Col James Hare of Calder Hall in 1891 who carried out extensive alterations.

## The castle and gardens

The castle is perched above the village of Blairlogie with a small burn running to the east. The Castle is at its core a 16th-century tower house and consists of four parts: the old tower, composed of three storeys and at least two corner turrets; a rectangular block to the rear; two extensions on the eastern side.
Three dormer windows bear carvings of a fleur de lis and initials A. S. (most likely for Alexander Spittal), a thistle and initials E. H. (for Ellen Holbourne or Hay, Alexander's wife), and a man's head, or rose, and date 1513 (year of Flodden) or 1543.
The walls are 0.71 m (2 ft 4 in) thick, rubble-built and harled. The gables are crow-stepped and the roof is composed of slate. The tower retains four early windows, and in addition a Victorian oriel window has been inserted in the South gable along with a projecting stair. The basement of the original tower has two vaulted cellars, while the hall occupied the first floor. The gardens to the West of the castle are hedged and stepped, with stables to the west, and a summer house to the north.
# Ryūsei (signal rocket)

A ryūsei (龍勢) is a traditional Japanese signal rocket.

## Summary

A ryūsei fuselage is made from either pine softwood or a section of bamboo, and it is propelled by the combustion of gunpowder. The particular type of gunpowder used in ryūsei is formulated to burn slowly.
Ryūsei are believed to have been developed by reverse engineering primitive Chinese gunpowder rockets left behind by the defeated Yuan armies after the Mongol invasions of Japan in the 13th century. However, there is another theory that ryūsei were invented locally by Japanese peasants. Because of this, they are sometimes called farmers' rockets (農民ロケット). In the 16th century, ryūsei rockets were used as smoke signals, and documents preserved at Muku Shrine [ja] record the launch of a ryūsei in 1575.
After the Second World War and occupation, American-directed bans on private possession of gunpowder nearly caused the extinction of ryūsei. After many petitions, gunpowder for ryūsei was finally legalized again in 1972.

## Ryūsei in later times

In Chichibu, a number of ryūsei from different areas of Japan are on display at the Ryūsei Kaikan (龍勢会館) roadside station.
In order to reduce the risk of a forest fire in case of accidental explosion, modern workshops for manufacturing ryūsei are made of fireproof concrete and have no electricity. If the fuselage is not properly constructed and cannot withstand the force of the ignition, the rocket may explode on the launch scaffold in what is known as a tsutsuppane (筒っ跳ね). Because they are manufactured by amateurs, there are often cases of tsutsuppane and other launch failures. For this reason, when a launch is successful, it is customarily followed by a banzai shout.
This type of rocket is mentioned in the metaphorical phrase, to "start like a ryūsei and end like a stick" (龍勢のように始まり、棒のように終わる), referring to something with an exciting beginning but an anticlimactic finish.
# Metropolitan and Great Central Joint Railway

The Metropolitan and Great Central Joint Railway was a joint railway company that controlled a line extending from Harrow on the Hill in what is now north-western Greater London to Verney Junction in Buckinghamshire, England. Owned by the Metropolitan Railway and the Great Central Railway, the railway was nationalised in 1948.

## History

On 2 April 1906, the same day that the Great Western and Great Central Joint Railway (GWGCJR) was opened, the Metropolitan and Great Central Joint Railway (MGCJR) was created. This took over the lines of the Metropolitan Railway north and west of Harrow South Junction, with the exception of the branch to Uxbridge. These comprised the main line between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Verney Junction and the branches from Chalfont & Latimer to Chesham and from Quainton Road to Brill. The MGCJR was created under the terms of the Metropolitan & Great Central Railway Act, which received Royal Assent on 4 August 1905.
Management of the joint line was to be in alternate periods of five years by the two co-owners, the first five-year term being that of the Metropolitan. After establishment of the MGCJR, new stations were opened at Sandy Lodge in 1910, and at North Harrow in 1915. Aylesbury station was leased jointly to the MGCJR and the GWGCJR from 1907.
The branch to Watford from Rickmansworth was authorised under an Act of Parliament obtained by the Metropolitan on 7 August 1912, but was a MGCJR project. Purchase of land began in 1914, but the First World War held up further progress, and the first contract for construction was not placed until December 1922.
At the start of 1923, the GCR was a constituent of the newly created London and North Eastern Railway; and on 1 July 1933, the Metropolitan was a constituent of the London Passenger Transport Board. Through both these changes of ownership, the MGCJR retained its title, and was listed in the Transport Act 1947, which nationalised the British railways, as one of the "bodies whose undertakings are transferred to the [British Transport] Commission".
In 1993, British Rail (now Chiltern Railways) services calling at Moor Park ceased.

## Legacy

The route north of Aylesbury was closed to passenger trains in September 1966. The railway line and stations are used today by Transport for London's Metropolitan line as far as Amersham, and Chiltern Railways provides a service from Marylebone as far as Aylesbury Vale Parkway station, opened on 15 December 2008, north of Aylesbury, about a four-minute journey.
# Ronald Caress

Ronald Caress (third 1⁄4 1920 – death unknown) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s. He played at club level for Wakefield Trinity and Castleford (World War II guest), as a wing or centre.

## Background

Ronald Caress' birth was registered in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

## Playing career
### Club career

Ronald Caress made his début for Wakefield Trinity during October 1940, he played his last match for Wakefield Trinity during November 1944, he transferred as a World War II guest from Wakefield Trinity to Castleford, he made his début for Castleford on Saturday 11 November 1944, and he played his last match for Castleford on Saturday 11 November 1944.
# Yurkud

Yurkud is a town in the southwestern Gedo region of Somalia. It was the site of the Battle of Yurkud (2012).
It is dominated by a subclan of the Rahaweyn called Malinwiin, also known as Macalinweyn (in the Maxa language). This group was mostly pastoralist before the civil war, and some were Islamic school teachers. Today, this clan has grown large and lives in Bay, Bakool, Gedo, and Middle Juba, specifically in Dinsoor and Bardera.
# Chris Brockbank

Christopher Brockbank (c. 1901 – 24 July 1963) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s, and coached in the 1930s through to the 1950s. He played at representative level for England, and at club level for Swinton and Bradford Northern, as a wing, and coached at club level for Huddersfield and Warrington.

## Background

Chris Brockbank's birth was registered in Barton-upon-Irwell district, Lancashire, England, and he died aged 61 in Blackpool, Lancashire, England.

## Playing career
### Club career

Chris Brockbank played on the wing in Swinton's 0–17 defeat by St Helens Recs in the 1923–24 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1923–24 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 24 November 1923, in front of a crowd of 25,636, played on the wing and scored a try in the 15–11 victory over Wigan in the 1925–26 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1925–26 season at The Cliff, Broughton, Salford on Wednesday 9 December 1925 (postponed from Saturday 21 November 1925 due to fog), in front of a crowd of 17,000, played on the wing in the 5–2 victory over Wigan in the 1927–28 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1927–28 season at Watersheddings, Oldham on Saturday 19 November 1927, in front of a crowd of 22,000, but he didn't play in the 8–10 defeat by Salford in the 1931–32 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1931–32 season at The Cliff, Broughton, Salford on Saturday 21 November 1931, in front of a crowd of 26,471.
He was signed by Bradford Northern in January 1932.

### International honours

Chris Brockbank won a cap for England while at Swinton in 1927 against Wales.

## Coaching career
### Challenge Cup Final appearances

Chris Brockbank was the coach in Huddersfield's 21–17 victory over Warrington in the 1932–33 Challenge Cup Final during the 1932–33 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 6 May 1933, was the coach in the 8-11 defeat by Castleford in the 1934–35 Challenge Cup Final during the 1934–35 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 4 May 1935, in front of a crowd of 39,000, and was the coach in Warrington's 19-0 victory over Widnes in the 1949–50 Challenge Cup Final during the 1949–50 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 6 May 1950, in front of a crowd of 94,249.

## Genealogical information

Brockbank's marriage to Florence (née Jackson) was registered during third ¼ 1925 in Barton-upon-Irwell district.

## Outside of rugby league

Chris Brockbank retired from rugby league in 1951 to run a hotel business in Blackpool.
# Country Music Channel

Country Music Channel (CMC) was an Australian cable and satellite music television channel owned and operated by Foxtel Networks. It was the only country music video channel in Australia, created after the departure of MusicCountry from the Australian market.
Country Music Channel ceased operations at the end of June 2020, and was replaced by a regional version of CMT (owned by Network 10 parent company Paramount Networks UK & Australia).

## Former CMC-era programming

* The CMC Top 30 Countdown - weekly chart based on airplay
* Spotlight, one-hour collection of videos from a single artist.
* 30 Best - themed countdown.
* Headline Country
* The Wilkinsons (TV series)
* Tuckerville
* Rollin' With... - an artist profile show host by Steve Forde. artists profiled include Lee Kernaghan, Catherine Britt, Adam Brand, Troy Cassar-Daley, Joe Nichols, Dierks Bentley, Corb Lund Band, Blaine Larsen, Miranda Lambert, Jack Ingram, Colt Ford and The Wilkinsons
* Muster Masters - a game show hosted based around the Gympie Muster (2009)

### Talent

* Steve Forde (Rollin' with...)
* The Sunny Cowgirls (Muster Masters, CMC Rocks the Hunter)
* Morgan Evans

### Live events

CMC co-produced a three-day music festival, with Rob Potts Entertainment Edge and Michael Chugg Entertainment - CMC Rocks.
* The first three years the event took place in Thredbo.
* In 2008, CMC Rocks the Snowys featured Mia Dyson, Brian Cadd, John Butler Trio, Shea Fisher, The McClymonts, Jim Lauderdale, Catherine Britt, Steve Forde, Adam Harvey, Shannon Noll, Sugarland, Gary Allan, and Patty Griffin.
* In 2009, CMC Rocks the Snowys featured Corb Lund and the Hurtin' Albertans, Steve Forde, Captain Flange, Taylor Swift, Joe Nichols, Old Crow Medicine Show, John Williamson, Pete Murray, The Waifs, The Sunny Cowgirls, Ash Grunwald, The Audreys, Jasmine Rae, and Deana Carter.
* In 2010, CMC Rocks the Snowys featured Adam Harvey, Nanci Griffith, Tania Kernaghan, Steve Forde, Phil Vassar, Jack Ingram, Lee Kernaghan.
* In 2011, the event moved to the Hunter Valley of New South Wales and featured Troy Cassar-Daley, Russell Morris, Alan Jackson, Joe Nichols, Emerson Drive, Dean Brody.
In partnership with parent company Foxtel, CMC hosted its own awards program which it airs live. The CMC Awards took place on the night until CMC Rocks officially starts.
# Rosa de la Cruz

Rosa Rionda de la Cruz (1942–2024) was a Cuban-American businesswoman. She was best known as a collector of contemporary art.

## Biography

Rosa de la Cruz started her art collection in the 1960s, along with her husband, Cuban-American businessman Carlos de la Cruz. Married since 1962, the couple has assembled one of Miami's finest collections of contemporary art, particularly postwar German paintings. Most of her works have been exhibited in the private De la Cruz Collection museum since 2009, 10,000m² dedicated to contemporary art in Miami in a building designed by John Marquette. Rosa and Carlos had five children and lived in Key Biscayne, Florida.

## Collection

The first work she acquired was "Star Gazer" (1956), by the Mexican artist Rufino Tamayo. The collection includes work by Dan Colen, Kathryn Andrews, Ana Mendieta, Jim Hodges, Martin Kippenberger, Isa Genzken, Christopher Wool, Félix González-Torres, Mark Bradford, Peter Doig, Nate Lowman, Christian Holstad and Sterling Ruby. Other important artists are Wifredo Lam and Salvador Dalí, whose portrait of Carlos de la Cruz's mother, Dolores Suero Falla, belongs to the collection.
In 2016, ArtNews included Rosa de la Cruz among the "Top 200 Collectors".

## Death

Rosa de la Cruz died at the age of 81 in her home on Key Biscayne, Florida on February 25, 2024, following a long period with an undisclosed autoimmune disorder.
# Brayer

A brayer is a hand-tool used historically in printing and printmaking to break up and "rub out" (spread) ink, before it was "beaten" using inking balls or composition rollers. A brayer consists of a short wooden cylinder with a handle fitted to one end; the other, flat end is used to rub the ink.

## History

The word is derived from the verb to "bray", meaning "to break, pound, or grind small, as in a mortar".
In the late nineteenth century the term was applied in the United States to a small hand-roller, "used for spreading ink on the inking table, and for applying it to the distributing plates or rollers connected with presses". Such small rollers were sold as "brayers" from at least 1912 and later in the century the term was applied in the U.S. to hand-rollers of all sorts and sizes. It retains its original meaning in Europe.

## Materials

Brayers in the original sense were generally made of wood (though Southward refers to their being made of "wood or glass"). Later, rollers could be made of composition, vulcanized rubber, sponge, acrylic, polyurethane or leather. They are formed around a shaft or core and often attached to a wooden handle. Some rollers have an all-metal support, while larger examples may have two handles to allow for two-handed use (to allow the heavy roller to be controlled and in some cases to apply additional pressure).

## Process

The printer uses an ink knife to lay out a "pad", mound or streak of ink on a smooth inking plate, originally made of polished metal or stone. The ink is then rubbed with the brayer until an area is smooth enough to beat with the ink balls or roller. In contemporary printmaking, commercially-available inks are often smooth and soft enough that they do not require braying before they can be rolled (and thus a more-fragile glass sheet may be used as an inking plate). The roller is passed systematically across the surface to produce an even layer of ink. The roller is then applied to the forme, block, stone or plate so that the ink is evenly transferred to the raised or receptive areas before the next stage of transferring the ink, by moderate pressure, to the printing surface or offset substrate.

## Uses

Brayers are rarely used in contemporary printing and printmaking to break up and spread ink, except in cases of historical reconstruction or when a printer has made their own ink and it is too thick to spread without the use of a brayer. Rollers are primarily used for relief printing, leather rollers almost exclusively in lithography and sponge rollers are used only for paint, scrapbooking and other craft applications.
# William Catton (cricketer)

William Catton (1865 – 14 April 1939) was a South African cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for Eastern Province in 1889/90 and 1890/91.
# Charles Square

Charles Square (Czech: Karlovo náměstí) is a city square in the New Town of Prague, Czech Republic. At roughly 80,550 m² it is one of the largest squares in the world and was the largest town square of the medieval Europe. Founded in 1348 as the main square of the New Town by Charles IV, it was known as Dobytčí trh (Cattle Market) from the 15th century and finally named after its founder in 1848. The central portion of the square was turned into a park in the 1860s.
The square is now one of the main transport hubs of the city centre with Karlovo náměstí metro station and numerous tram lines and busy roads crossing it in all directions.

## History

Charles Square originated as a part of the New Town of Prague founded in 1348 by emperor Charles IV. With Wenceslas Square (Horse Market) and Senovážné náměstí (Hay Market) it became one of three main squares of the newly founded town. These squares were connected with one street (today streets Vodičkova and Jindřišská). Charles Square was supposed to be the most important square of the New Town of Prague and probably of the whole of Prague, therefore the Town Hall of the New Town was built there. Despite these plans the most important square later became Wenceslas Square.
In the late 14th century the Corpus Christi Chapel was built in the middle of the square. It was closed in 1784 and demolished a few years later. This chapel was a very important place of pilgrimage in the late 14th and early 15th century, because the holy relics and crown jewels of the Holy Roman Empire were shown there to thousands of pilgrims.
On 30 July 1419 the Hussite Wars broke out in this square, when Hussites led by priest Jan Želivský threw some Catholic councilors from windows of the New Town Hall. This event is called "the First Defenestration of Prague".
In the 17th century the Jesuits started to build their New Town residence on Charles Square. They also founded a new church dedicated to their patron saint and founder of the Jesuit Order, St. Ignatius of Loyola. This church was designed by Carlo Lurago and built in 1655-1677 in the early Baroque style.
On the south side of the square there is a gate to the Church of St. John of Nepomuk "on the Rock" which was built in the high Baroque style in 1730s by Kilian Ignac Dientzenhofer.

## Important buildings

* New Town Hall (Prague)
* Church of St. Ignatius
* former Jesuit school
* Church of St. John of Nepomuk "on the Rock"
* neo-renaissance building of the Czech Technical University in Prague
# Naing Lin Oo

Naing Lin Oo (Burmese: နိုင်လင်းဦး; born 15 January 1986) is a footballer from Burma, and a midfielder for Thitsar Arman. He played for Myanmar U-22 in 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification He currently plays for Ayeyawady United in Myanmar National League.

## Honours
### Club
#### Ayeyawady United

* MFF Cup (2): 2012, 2014
* 2015 General Aung San Shield:
# Songs of the Century

The "Songs of the Century" list is part of an education project by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the National Endowment for the Arts, and Scholastic Inc. that aims to "promote a better understanding of America's musical and cultural heritage" in American schools. Hundreds of voters, who included elected officials, people from the music industry and from the media, teachers, and students, were asked in 2001 by the NEA (National Endowment for the Arts) and the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) to choose the top 365 songs (not necessarily by Americans) of the 20th century with historical significance in mind. RIAA selected the voters, and about 15% (200) of the 1,300 selected voters responded.

## The list

The list of the top 25 songs, in the order of votes received. Each song is followed by the name of the artist who made the most notable recording of the song.
| Rank | Title | Artist | Year |
| 1 | "Over the Rainbow" (Harold Arlen, E.Y. Harburg) | Judy Garland | 1939 |
| 2 | "White Christmas" (Irving Berlin) | Bing Crosby | 1942 |
| 3 | "This Land Is Your Land" (Woody Guthrie) | Woody Guthrie | 1940 |
| 4 | "Respect" (Otis Redding) | Aretha Franklin | 1967 |
| 5 | "American Pie" (Don McLean) | Don McLean | 1972 |
| 6 | "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy" (Don Raye, Hughie Prince) | The Andrews Sisters | 1941 |
| 7 | West Side Story (album) | Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim | 1957 |
| 8 | "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" (Jack Norworth, Albert Von Tilzer) | Billy Murray | 1908 |
| 9 | "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" (Phil Spector, Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil) | The Righteous Brothers | 1964 |
| 10 | "The Entertainer" (Scott Joplin) | Scott Joplin | 1902 |
| 11 | "In the Mood" (Wingy Manone, Andy Razaf, Joe Garland) | Glenn Miller Orchestra | 1940 |
| 12 | "Rock Around the Clock" (Max C. Freedman, James E. Myers) | Bill Haley & His Comets | 1954 |
| 13 | "When the Saints Go Marching In" | Louis Armstrong | 1938 |
| 14 | "You Are My Sunshine" | Jimmie Davis | 1939 |
| 15 | "Mack the Knife" (Kurt Weill, Bertholt Brecht) | Bobby Darin | 1959 |
| 16 | "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) | The Rolling Stones | 1965 |
| 17 | "Take the 'A' Train" (Billy Strayhorn, Joya Sherrill) | Duke Ellington Orchestra | 1941 |
| 18 | "Blueberry Hill" (Larry Stock, Al Lewis) | Fats Domino | 1956 |
| 19 | "God Bless America" (Irving Berlin) | Kate Smith | 1938 |
| 20 | "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (John Philip Sousa) | Sousa's Band | 1897 |
| 21 | "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" (Norman Whitfield, Barrett Strong) | Marvin Gaye | 1968 |
| 22 | "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" (Redding, Steve Cropper) | Otis Redding | 1967 |
| 23 | "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" (George C. Cory Jr., (Douglass Cross) | Tony Bennett | 1962 |
| 24 | "Good Vibrations" (Brian Wilson, Mike Love) | The Beach Boys | 1966 |
| 25 | "Stand by Me" (Ben E. King, Leiber and Stoller) | Ben E. King | 1961 |