OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cross-country skiing at the 1964 Winter Olympics – Men's 50 kilometre

The Men's 50 kilometre cross-country skiing event was part of the cross-country skiing programme at the 1964 Winter Olympics, in Innsbruck, Austria. The competition was held on 5 February 1964, at the Cross Country Skiing Stadium.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Country | Time |
| 1 | Sixten Jernberg | Sweden | 2-43:52.6 |
| 2 | Assar Rönnlund | Sweden | 2-44:58.2 |
| 3 | Arto Tiainen | Finland | 2-45:30.4 |
| 4 | Janne Stefansson | Sweden | 2-45:36.6 |
| 5 | Sverre Stensheim | Norway | 2-45:47.2 |
| 6 | Harald Grønningen | Norway | 2-47:03.6 |
| 7 | Einar Østby | Norway | 2-47:20.6 |
| 8 | Ole Ellefsæter | Norway | 2-47:45.8 |
| 9 | Eero Mäntyranta | Finland | 2-47:47.1 |
| 10 | Melcher Risberg | Sweden | 2-48:03.0 |
| 11 | Igor Voronchikhin | Soviet Union | 2-49:21.7 |
| 12 | Bayazit Gizatullin | Soviet Union | 2-51:02.4 |
| 13 | Livio Stuffer | Italy | 2-51:04.7 |
| 14 | Aleksandr Gubin | Soviet Union | 2-51:39.7 |
| 15 | Lauri Bergqvist | Finland | 2-52:08.0 |
| 16 | Kalevi Hämäläinen | Finland | 2-52:22.3 |
| 17 | Ivan Lyubimov | Soviet Union | 2-52:28.1 |
| 18 | Eugenio Mayer | Italy | 2-53:21.3 |
| 19 | Franco Manfroi | Italy | 2-53:56.5 |
| 20 | Alois Kälin | Switzerland | 2-56:30.5 |
| 21 | Andreas Janc | Austria | 2-58:43.8 |
| 22 | Štefan Harvan | Czechoslovakia | 2-59:33.3 |
| 23 | Ladislav Hrubý | Czechoslovakia | 3-00:35.4 |
| 24 | Siegfried Weiß | United Team of Germany | 3-00:43.0 |
| 25 | Stefan Mitkov | Bulgaria | 3-01:13.7 |
| 26 | Alphonse Baume | Switzerland | 3-03:49.1 |
| 27 | Kazuo Sato | Japan | 3-03:57.9 |
| 28 | Larry Damon | United States | 3-05:06.4 |
| 29 | Franz Kälin | Switzerland | 3-06:09.3 |
| 30 | Herbert Steinbeißer | United Team of Germany | 3-06:52.2 |
| 31 | Georges Dubois | Switzerland | 3-07:21.8 |
| 32 | Borislav Ochushki | Bulgaria | 3-08:18.7 |
| 33 | Hermann Mayr | Austria | 3-08:48.6 |
| 34 | Dick Taylor | United States | 3-09:58.3 |
| 35 | Hidezo Takahashi | Japan | 3-14:31.4 |
| AC | Angelo Genuin | Italy | DNF |
| AC | Eric Luoma | Canada | DNF |
| AC | Rudolf Dannhauer | United Team of Germany | DNF |
| AC | Franz Portmann | Canada | DNF |
| AC | Yang Yong-ok | South Korea | DNF |
| AC | Chogoro Yahata | Japan | DNF |
# Gino Cassinis

Gino Cassinis (27 January 1885, Milan – 13 January 1964) was an Italian politician who served as the Mayor of Milan from 1961 until his death in 1964. He was knight grand cross and grand officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
# Denys Taraduda

Denys Olehovych Taraduda (Ukrainian: Денис Олегович Тарадуда; born 17 August 2000) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Niké liga club MFK Zemplín Michalovce.

## Club career

He made his Ukrainian Second League debut for Dnipro on 15 July 2017 in a game against Real Pharma Odesa. In the summer of 2022, he moved to Narva Trans in Estonia.

## Honours

Vorskla Poltava
* Ukrainian Cup runner-up: 2019–20
# Anders Adler

Anders Adler (born February 6, 1982) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman. Adler most recently played with Tullinge TP in the Swedish League III during the 2010-11 season.
# Peduncle (botany)

In botany, a peduncle is a stalk supporting an inflorescence or a solitary flower, or, after fecundation, an infructescence or a solitary fruit. The peduncle sometimes has bracts (a type of cataphyll) at nodes. The main axis of an inflorescence above the peduncle is the rachis, which hosts flowers (as opposed to directly on the peduncle).
When a peduncle arises from the ground level, either from a compressed aerial stem or from a subterranean stem (rhizome, tuber, bulb, corm), with few or no bracts except the part near the rachis or receptacle, it is referred to as a scape.
The acorns of the pedunculate oak are borne on a long peduncle, hence the name of the tree.
* Cyperus scapes
* Long, magenta peduncles on an American pokeweed, each supporting a raceme
# Sylvain Houles

Sylvain Houles (born 3 August 1981) is the head coach of Toulouse Olympique in the Championship and a French former professional rugby league footballer.

## Playing career

As a player, Houles was a French international who toured New Zealand and Papua New Guinea in 2001 and appeared in the Super League for the Huddersfield Giants, the London Broncos and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. He also played in the Championship for the Dewsbury Rams and Toulouse Olympique. His position of choice was initially on the wing or in the centre, but in his later career he played as a loose forward.

## Coaching career

Houles combined playing with an assistant coach role in his later career, was appointed head coach of Toulouse Olympique once his playing career ended in 2012.
On 10 October 2021, Houles coached Toulouse to victory over Featherstone in the Million Pound Game which saw the club promoted to the Super League for the first time in their history. Toulouse Olympique would go on to be relegated the following season from the Super League after finishing bottom of the table. Houles would later comment saying that the relegation had done "untold damage" to the club.
# Amanda Hanson

Amanda Hanson (1985 – January 25, 2024) was an American journalist and television presenter.

## Biography

Hanson's career in journalism started at the KAIT television station in Jonesboro, Arkansas, where she worked from 2010 to 2015 and again from 2018 to 2021.
She studied communications at the University of Memphis and earned a master's degree in strategic communications in 2020. She worked for the Arkansas channel K8 News, Memphis' Action News 5 and state newscast TN In Ten. She was the leader of digital innovation for the NBC affiliate WMC. She and her husband Darren had one daughter.
She died on January 25, 2024, at the age of 38 in Memphis. Her death was a result from complications after having an undisclosed medical emergency.
# Solar Crusade

Solar Crusade, the follow-up to Chaos Control, is a rail shooter video game designed and published by Infogrames Multimedia, created using Softimage 3D, and modeled on Silicon Graphics workstations hardware for the Windows 95 operating system and Phillips CD-i video game console. This was the last official released game on the CD-i in its lifetime and the only one to be released in 1999.

## Reception

Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| CD-i | 82% |
# Torchesk

Torchesk (Ukrainian: Торчеськ; Russian: Торческ) was a medieval town, located between today's villages of Olshanytsia and Sharky in Kyiv Oblast (province) of central Ukraine near Kaharlyk.
Torchesk was first mentioned in a chronicle under the year of 1093 as the center of the Torks (and later Chorni Klobuky), who settled along the Ros River valley and served Kievan princes. In the second half of the 12th century, Torchesk became the capital of a principality, with its rulers being appointed by the grand princes of Kiev.
Torchesk was last mentioned in a chronicle in 1234. It appears that the town was destroyed by the Mongol invasions.
# Adam Bergqvist

Adam Bergqvist (born April 25, 1993) is a Swedish ice hockey player. He made his Elitserien debut playing with Brynäs IF during the 2012–13 Elitserien season.
# Charles Abouo

Charles-Noe' Abouo (born November 4, 1989) is an Ivorian basketball player who last played for ESSM Le Portel of the French LNB Pro A. Standing at 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) and 215 lb (98 kg), he also played for the Côte d'Ivoire national basketball team.

## Early career

Abouo attended Logan High School in Utah where he was the school's all-time leading scorer. He was a three-time all-state player and was named Utah Class 3A Player of the Year following his senior season. Upon graduation, Abouo spent a year playing for Brewster Academy in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, where he helped the team to the New England Preparatory School Athletic Conference Class A Championship.

## College career

Abouo then moved back to Utah and signed with Brigham Young University following his year in prep school. During his freshman season, he averaged 2.9 points per game and 1.9 rebounds per game off the bench for the Mountain West Conference champions.
Abouo started all 35 games as a senior and averaged 11.0 points, 6.2 rebounds, 2.6 assists, 1.1 steals in 26.8 minutes per game for the 26-9 Cougars. He set BYU records for most career wins (113) and for career games/consecutive games played with 141. Abouo never missed a game throughout his collegiate career.

## Professional career

In 2012, Abouo signed his first professional contract with the Lobe Huesca, team that plays in the LEB Oro, Spanish second division.
On July 12, 2018, he has signed with ADA Blois Basket 41 of the French LNB Pro B. Abouo spent the 2019–20 season with Fos Provence and averaged 10.3 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 1.7 assists per game. He signed with ESSM Le Portel on October 1, 2020.

### The Basketball Tournament (TBT)

In the summer of 2017, Abouo played in The Basketball Tournament on ESPN for Team Fredette. He competed for the $2 million prize, and for Team Fredette, he scored 15 points in their first-round game, which they lost to Team Utah (Utah Alumni) 100–97. In TBT 2018,Abouo averaged 2.2 pts for Team Fredette. They lost in the first round to Team Utah.

## Côte d'Ivoire national team

Abouo was a member of the Côte d'Ivoire national basketball team at the 2009 FIBA Africa Championship. At the tournament, he helped the team to a surprise silver medal to qualify for the country's first FIBA World Championship in 24 years by averaging 5.2 PPG and 2.2 RPG.
# Gabriel Cividini

Gabriel Roberto Cividini Moreira (born 4 November 1994) is a Brazilian professional footballer who currently plays as a centre back for Hong Kong Premier League club Tai Po.

## Club career
### Tai Po

On 8 August 2022, it was announced that Cividini had joined Hong Kong Premier League club Tai Po.
On 27 August 2022, Cividini made his debut for the club in a HKPL match against Eastern.
In the 2022–23 season, Cividini has made 17 league appearances and scored a goal for the club. His excellent performance on the field have earned him a spot in the Hong Kong Top Footballer Awards.
# Bradley-Burns Uniform Local Sales and Use Tax Law

The Bradley-Burns Uniform Local Sales and Use Tax Law is a California law enacted in 1955 that governs the imposition and collection of local sales and use taxes.

## History and purpose

The Bradley-Burns law was introduced as a response to the proliferation of local sales and use tax ordinances enacted by California cities and counties between the 1940s and 1950s. This explosion of diverse tax regulations created compliance difficulties for both taxpayers and tax administrators. The primary purpose of the law was to establish a uniform system for sourcing and collecting local sales and use taxes, thereby simplifying the tax landscape for businesses and local governments.

## Key provisions
### Authorization for local taxes

The Bradley-Burns law authorizes counties and cities to impose local sales and use taxes in accordance with its provisions. These taxes apply to tangible personal property sold at retail in the county or city, or purchased for storage, use, or other consumption within the jurisdiction.

### Tax rate and structure

Under the Bradley-Burns law, local jurisdictions can adopt a uniform local sales and use tax rate of up to 1% based on the price of property sold at retail. This 1% is typically broken down as follows:
* 0.75% goes to the city where the sale occurs (or to the county if the sale occurs in an unincorporated area)
* 0.25% goes to the county transportation fund

### Place of sale

The law stipulates that all retail sales are consummated at the place of business of the retailer unless otherwise specified.

### Administration and collection

Local agencies are required to contract with the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (CDTFA) for the administration and collection of these taxes. The CDTFA is responsible for transmitting the collected taxes to the respective cities or counties.

## Impact
### Revenue generation

The Bradley-Burns tax is a significant source of revenue for local governments in California. On average, it provides around 30% of a city's general-purpose revenues, although this percentage can vary widely among different municipalities.

### General fund allocation

The basic Bradley-Burns rate is considered a general tax, meaning its uses are unrestricted and can be allocated for general government purposes. These revenues typically go into a city's general fund, providing flexibility in their use for various municipal needs.

### Constitutional protections

The Bradley-Burns tax revenues have received constitutional protection through voter-approved measures. Proposition 1A in 2004 and Proposition 22 in 2010 prohibit the state from reducing the local sales and use tax rate or altering its allocation method, ensuring a level of fiscal stability for local governments.
# Maxime Hérold

Maxime Hérold (born 9 September 1989) is a French professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop, second-row or loose forward for the Limoux Grizzlies in the Elite One Championship. He is a France international.

## Playing career

In 2014 he signed for the London Broncos in the Super League, after an initial four-week trial.
In 2014 Hérold returned to France and re-joined Limoux Grizzlies in the Elite Championship.
He made his France début in 2015 against Serbia.
# Assétou Kolga

Assétou Kolga (born April 24, 1988) is an Ivorian female professional basketball player.
# Louis Adolphus Duhring

Louis Adolphus Duhring (December 23, 1845, Philadelphia – May 8, 1913, Philadelphia) was an American physician and professor of dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania. He is best remembered for having delineated dermatitis herpetiformis (also known as Duhring's disease); but he also described pruritus hiemalis ("winter itch"), and seborrheic dermatitis.
After a stint with the 32nd Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers in the American Civil War, Duhring enrolled at Penn's Medical School, graduating in 1867. During his time in medical school, he became a lecturer of dermatological diseases in 1865 at the University of Pennsylvania. From 1868 he continued his studies in Vienna, Paris and London, returning to Philadelphia in 1870, where he established the Dispensary for Skin Diseases. He was director of the dispensary until 1880. In the meantime he became a visiting dermatologist at the department of skin diseases at Blockley Hospital (1876-1887).
In 1875 he gained his clinical professorship at Penn, becoming a full professor in 1891. In 1876 he was a founding member of the American Dermatological Association (twice serving as its president). He was the author of two major works, Atlas of Skin Diseases (1876–80) and A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin (1877). The latter book established Duhring as a top authority in American dermatology. He also authored the encyclopedic Cutaneous Medicine, of which only two of several planned volumes were published, in 1895 and 1898.
Duhring died on May 8, 1913, due to an intestinal obstruction and resulting peritonitis. He was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Upon his death, a significant sum was bequeathed to Penn. In 1915, the During Wing of the Fisher Fine Arts Library was erected in his honor.
# Florian Quintilla

Florian Quintilla (born 20 October 1987) is a French former professional rugby league footballer. He played for Catalans Dragons in the Super League and for Toulouse Olympique in the Co-operative Championship. He is now playing for Lézignan Sangliers in the Elite One Championship.
He primarily plays in the second-row.
Quintilla named in the France training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup. He was not selected to play.
# Rohr, Pfaffenhofen

Rohr is a small village in the municipality of Rohrbach in the district of Pfaffenhofen in Upper Bavaria in Bavaria, Germany and had a population of 160 in 2007.
# Phosphoenolpyruvic acid

Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the carboxylic acid derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate. It exists as an anion. PEP is an important intermediate in biochemistry. It has the highest-energy phosphate bond found (−61.9 kJ/mol) in organisms, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In plants, it is also involved in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds, and in carbon fixation; in bacteria, it is also used as the source of energy for the phosphotransferase system.

## In glycolysis

PEP is formed by the action of the enzyme enolase on 2-phosphoglyceric acid. Metabolism of PEP to pyruvic acid by pyruvate kinase (PK) generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via substrate-level phosphorylation. ATP is one of the major currencies of chemical energy within cells.
| 2-phospho-D-glycerate | Enolase | Enolase | phosphoenolpyruvate | Pyruvate kinase | Pyruvate kinase | pyruvate |
| | | H$_2$O | | ADP | ATP | |
| | | H$_2$O | | | | |
Compound C00631 at KEGG Pathway Database. Enzyme 4.2.1.11 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00074 at KEGG Pathway Database. Enzyme 2.7.1.40 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00022 at KEGG Pathway Database.

## In gluconeogenesis

PEP is formed from the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and hydrolysis of one guanosine triphosphate molecule. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This reaction is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis:
    GTP + oxaloacetate → GDP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO$_2$

## Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
* ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".

## In plants

PEP may be used for the synthesis of chorismate through the shikimate pathway. Chorismate may then be metabolized into the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine) and other aromatic compounds. The first step is when Phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate react to form 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP), in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme DAHP synthase.
    Biosynthesis of DAHP from phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate
In addition, in C$_4$ plants, PEP serves as an important substrate in carbon fixation. The chemical equation, as catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase), is:
    PEP + HCO−3 → oxaloacetate
# Kouakou Privat Yao

Kouakou Privat Yao N’goran (born 30 June 1991) is an Ivorian footballer who plays as a forward.

## Club career
### Spartak Trnava

Yao made his professional Fortuna Liga debut for Spartak Trnava against Ružomberok on 31 July 2016.
Currently, Yao is a member of FK Palanga in Lithuanian top A Lyga.
# Gyrohypnus

Gyrohypnus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Staphylinidae. The genus was described by William Elford Leach in 1819. It has cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

There are about 35 recognized species:
* Gyrohypnus angustatus Stephens, 1833
* Gyrohypnus atratus (Heer, 1839)
* Gyrohypnus birmanus (Cameron, 1932)
* Gyrohypnus campbelli Smetana, 1982
* Gyrohypnus ebneri (Scheerpeltz, 1925)
* Gyrohypnus fracticornis (Müller, 1776)
* Gyrohypnus fuscipes (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Gyrohypnus keijiroi (Y. Watanabe & Y. Shibata, 1965)
* Gyrohypnus khachikovi Bordoni, 2011
* Gyrohypnus khola Bordoni, 2002
* Gyrohypnus leopoldinus Bordoni, 2016
* Gyrohypnus liber Assing, 2003
* Gyrohypnus marginalis (Wollaston, 1862)
* Gyrohypnus maximus Bordoni, 2002
* Gyrohypnus nuristanicus Bordoni, 2016
* Gyrohypnus ochripennis (Eppelsheim, 1892)
* Gyrohypnus paramerum Bordoni, 2016
* Gyrohypnus punctulatus (Paykull, 1789)
* Gyrohypnus qinghai Bordoni, 2013
* Gyrohypnus remotus (Eppelsheim, 1895)
* Gyrohypnus rougemonti Bordoni, 2016
* Gyrohypnus schuelkei Assing, 2003
* Gyrohypnus setosus Bordoni, 2017
* Gyrohypnus shimba Bordoni, 2016
* Gyrohypnus sichuanensis Zheng & Fa-Ke, 1995
* Gyrohypnus silvanus (Peyerimhoff, 1917)
* Gyrohypnus smetanai Bordoni, 2002
* Gyrohypnus stercorosus Bordoni, 2016
* Gyrohypnus swatae Bordoni, 2002
* Gyrohypnus tropicus Bordoni, 2016
* Gyrohypnus ugandensis Bordoni, 2016
* Gyrohypnus vomer Assing, 2003
* Gyrohypnus wagneri (Scheerpeltz, 1926)
* Gyrohypnus wutaishanensis Bordoni, 2000
* Gyrohypnus yilderimi Bordoni, 2003
# Carex rossii

Carex rossii, commonly known as Ross's sedge, is a hardy species of sedge that is often a pioneer species in areas with little or no established vegetation, or in places where disturbance has occurred. Ross's sedge grows in a variety of habitats throughout much of western North America, from Alaska to Ontario, south to New Mexico and California. It flowers in May and June.

## Taxonomy

Carex rossii was first described by Francis Boott in Hooker's Flora Boreali-Americana (1839). The type locality was listed as "Hab. N. W. Coast. Douglas. Rocky Mountains. Drummond" (sic)".

## Description

Carex rossii produces a dense clump, or solid mat of slender stems up to about 40 centimetres (16 in) from a shallow network of rhizomes. The pale to dark green leaves are usually longer than the stems. The inflorescences contain one or more staminate flower spikes above more rounded pistillate spikes. The fruit is three-sided, and covered in a greenish or brownish perigynium.

## Distribution and habitat

Carex rossii is native to, and sometimes abundant in, Alaska and subarctic Canada (Nunavut, Northwest Territories, and Yukon Territory); western Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan); and the contiguous U.S. (Arizona, California, Colorado, the Dakotas, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.) It is found only sporadically in Ontario, Michigan, and Nebraska.
It grows in many habitat types, including wet and dry areas in forest, sagebrush, prairie, and alpine meadows.
# Manimandapa

Manimandapa (Maithili: मणिमंडप) is a Hindu temple believed by some to be the place of marriage between the Prince Rama of Ayodhya and the Princess Sita of Mithila Kingdom. It is located at the outskirts of Janakpur city in the Mithila region of Nepal.

## Background

In the Ramayana, King Janaka of Mithila Kingdom organised a famous Swayamvar Sabha for the marriage of his daughter Princess Sita at the court of the kingdom. In the Swayamvar Sabha King Janaka put a condition that whoever be able to uplift the Pinaka bow and broke it would be eligible for marriage with his daughter Princess Sita. It is said that in the Swayamvar Sabha all the kings of Aryavarta were invited to participate. According to the Ramayana, no one was able to uplift the bow except Prince Rama of Ayodhya. In the Swayamvar Sabha, Prince Rama uplifted the bow Pinaka and broke it into three pieces. It is believed by some adherents that one piece of the bow went into the sky, the other into the Patala (underworld), and the third onto the earth. Prince Rama was declared as the winner of the competition in Swayamvar Sabha. After Prince Rama broke the bow in the Swayamvar Sabha, Princess Sita garlanded him.

## Description

According to legend, after the prince Rama broke the bow at the court of the King Janaka, the procession for marriage along with King Dasharatha came from Ayodhya to Mithila. According to legendary story in Mithila, after winning Swayamvar Sabha at the court of Janaka, Prince Rama along with his three brothers were married at Manimandapa with Princess Sita and her three sisters. The place where the altar and sacrificial pavilion (Yajna Mandap) decorated with gems was built for the marriage in Janakpur is near Rani Bazar known Manimandapa. In the campus of the shrine there is a pond where the feet of the four brothers were washed at the time of the marriage.