OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Majówka, Łódź Voivodeship

Majówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pabianice, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Pabianice and 16 km (10 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# 1984 European Parliament election in Italy

The 1984 European Parliament election in Italy was held on 17 June 1984. The election took place just six days after the death of Italian Communist Party (PCI) leader Enrico Berlinguer; this fact greatly influenced the vote, producing a historic result. This election was the only time in Italian history that the Communists placed first in a national election, overcoming the dominance of Christian Democracy.

## Electoral system

The pure party-list proportional representation was the traditional electoral system of the Italian Republic since its foundation in 1946, so it had been adopted to elect the Italian representatives to the European Parliament too. Two levels were used: a national level to divide seats between parties, and a constituency level to distribute them between candidates. Italian regions were united in 5 constituencies, each electing a group of deputies. At national level, seats were divided between party lists using the largest remainder method with Hare quota. All seats gained by each party were automatically distributed to their local open lists and their most voted candidates.

## Results

The public emotion caused by Berlinguer's tragic death resulted in an extraordinary strength for the PCI; for the first time in Western Europe since the 1956 French legislative election and the first time ever in Italian history, a Communist party received a plurality by a democratic vote.
In opposition, this result reinforced the moderate government ruling the country. The Italian Socialist Party of Prime Minister Bettino Craxi had maintained its vote, and its major ally, the defeated Christian Democracy, did not want to take any chances of a political crisis that could lead to dangerous general election.
Popular vote
PCI
33.33%
DC
32.96%
PSI
11.21%
MSI
6.47%
PLI-PRI
6.09%
PR
3.67%
PSDI
3.49%
DP
1.44%
Others
1.58% :
# Benoît Paillaugue

Benoît Paillaugue (born 17 November 1987) is a French rugby union player. His position is fly-half or scrum-half and he currently plays for Toulon in the Top 14. He began his professional career with Stade Français in 2008 playing only 2 games before moving to FC Auch Gers in the second division. After only six months with Auch he was signed by Montpellier Hérault in January 2009.

## Honours

* 2015–16 European Rugby Challenge Cup : winner.
# Mike McEwen

Mike McEwen may refer to:
* Mike McEwen (ice hockey) (born 1956), retired Canadian ice hockey player
* Mike McEwen (curler) (born 1980), Canadian curler
# Twomey effect

The Twomey effect describes how additional cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), possibly from anthropogenic pollution, may increase the amount of solar radiation reflected by clouds. This is an indirect effect (or radiative forcing) by such particles, as distinguished from direct effects (forcing) due to enhanced scattering or absorbing radiation by such particles not in clouds.
Cloud droplets normally form on aerosol particles that serve as CCN. Increasing the number density of CCN can lead to formation of more cloud droplets with a smaller size.
The increase in number density increases the optical depth of the cloud, which results in an increase in the cloud albedo making clouds appear whiter. Satellite imagery often shows trails of cloud, or of enhanced brightness of cloud, behind ocean-going ships due to this effect. The decrease in global mean absorption of solar radiation due to increases in CCN concentrations exerts a cooling influence on climate; the global average magnitude of this effect over the industrial era is estimated as between −0.3 and −1.8 W/m$^2$.

## Derivation

Assume a uniform cloud that extends infinitely in the horizontal plane, also assume that the particle size distribution peaks near an average value of ${\bar {r}}$.
The formula for the optical depth of a cloud is
    $\tau =2\pi \;\!h{\bar {r}}^{2}N$
where $\tau$ is the optical depth, $h$ is cloud thickness, ${\bar {r}}$ is the average particle size, and $N$ is the number density of cloud droplets.
The formula for the liquid water content of a cloud is
    $LWC={\frac {4}{3}}\pi {\bar {r}}^{3}\rho _{L}N$
where $\rho _{L}$ is the density of water.
Taking our assumptions into account we can combine the previous two equations to yield
    $\tau ={\frac {3}{2}}{\frac {h\,LWC}{\rho _{L}{\bar {r}}}}$
To derive the effect of changing $N$ while keeping $h$, $\rho _{L}$ and $LWC$ constant, from the last equation we can write
    $\tau \propto {\frac {1}{\bar {r}}}$
and from the equation for $LWC$ we can write
    ${\bar {r}}^{3}\propto {\frac {1}{N}}$
therefore
    $\tau \propto N^{1/3}$
This illustrates the Twomey Effect mathematically, that is, for a constant liquid water content, $LWC$, increasing the number density of cloud droplets, $N$, increases the optical depth of the cloud.
# Gymnetini

Gymnetini is a tribe of fruit and flower chafers in the family Scarabaeidae. According to Catalogue of Life (2023), there are 32 genera in Gymnetini, mostly New World.

## Genera

These 32 genera belong to the tribe Gymnetini:

### Subtribe Blaesiina Schoch, 1895

    Blaesia Burmeister, 1842
    Halffterinetis Morón & Nogueira, 2007

### Subtribe Gymnetina Kirby, 1827

    Allorrhina Burmeister, 1842
    Amazula Kraatz, 1882
    Amithao Thomson, 1878
    Argyripa Thomson, 1878
    Astroscara Schürhoff, 1937
    Badelina Thomson, 1880
    Balsameda Thomson, 1880
    Chiriquibia Bates, 1889
    Clinteria Burmeister, 1842
    Clinteroides Schoch, 1898
    Cotinis Burmeister, 1842 - (Green June Beetles)
    Desicasta Thomson, 1878
    Guatemalica Neervoort Van De Poll, 1886
    Gymnephoria Ratcliffe, 2019
    Gymnetina Casey, 1915
    Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819
    Hadrosticta Kraatz, 1892
    Heterocotinis Martinez, 1948
    Hologymnetis Martinez, 1949
    Hoplopyga Thomson, 1880
    Hoplopygothrix Schürhoff, 1933
    Howdenypa Arnaud, 1993
    Jansonia Schürhoff, 1937
    Macrocranius Schürhoff, 1935
    Madiana Ratcliffe & Romé, 2019
    Marmarina Kirby, 1827
    Neocorvicoana Ratcliffe & Mico, 2001
    Pseudoclinteria Kraatz, 1882
    Stethodesma Bainbridge, 1840
    Tiarocera Burmeister, 1842
# Raphaël Poulain

Raphaël Poulain (born 16 August 1980, Amiens, Somme) is a former French rugby union player. He played on the wing.
His first club was the Beauvais club, until 1998 when he signed for Stade Français. He was considered to be one of the brightest hopes in the French rugby scene, until his career was ended prematurely after numerous injuries in 2005. These injuries caused him to miss no fewer than 6 major finals and decline a call-up to the French national side, before eventually succumbing to the curse.
# Blue Guitars (Stephen Bishop album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Blue Guitars is a studio album by singer/songwriter Stephen Bishop. An album with the same title was released in Japan in 1994.
The Japanese release includes two tracks, "Yeh Yeh" and "Natalie", not found on the American version. The American release includes two tracks, "On Blonde Street" and "Wall Around Your Heart", not found on the Japanese version. These tracks were produced by Jeff Jones. All others were produced by Andrew Gold. Some track lengths are also substantially different between the two releases.

## Track listing

All songs written by Stephen Bishop, except where noted.

## Personnel

* Stephen Bishop – vocals, acoustic guitars
* Andrew Gold – keyboards, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, bass, drums, multi-instruments, backing vocals
* David Crosby – harmony vocals (2)
* Carnie Wilson – backing vocals
* Wendy Wilson – backing vocals
* Pia Zadora – backing vocals
* Michael McDonald – backing vocals (2)
# 1839 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1839 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – Queen Victoria
* Governor of New South Wales – Sir George Gipps
* Lieutenant-Governor – Captain William Hobson (ratified 30 July)

### Government and law
## Events

* 3 March or 4 March – John Carne Bidwell is the first European to climb Mount Ngauruhoe. Ngāti Tūwharetoa chief, Te Heuheu Tukino II is enraged that the tapu on the mountain has been disregarded and bans further climbs.
* May
** – The New Zealand Land Company is formed from the New Zealand Colonisation Company, the New Zealand Land Company and the 1825 New Zealand Company. (see 1838)
* 4 May – William Wakefield of the New Zealand Company leaves from London for New Zealand on the Tory
* 30 July – Ratification of William Hobson as Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand.
* August
** – The Tory arrives at Ship Cove, New Zealand in Queen Charlotte Sound.
* 13 August – Confirmation of Hobson's appointment as British consul to New Zealand.
* 14 August – Lord Normanby issues Hobson with instructions for official dealings with New Zealand.
* September
** – After 5 weeks in Ship Cove, the Tory sails for Port Nicholson arriving later that month.
** – After 5 days of negotiations William Wakefield arranges the purchase of land at Petone at the mouth of the Hutt Valley for a settlement to be known as Brittania.
* December
** – William Wakefield, along with naturalist Ernst Dieffenbach, explores northwards along the west coast of the North Island looking for other possible sites for settlements for the New Zealand Company. Wakefield decides that the Taranaki is the most favourable location.
* 23 December – While visiting the Taranaki Ernst Dieffenbach, along with whaler James Heberley, becomes the first European to climb Mount Taranaki/Egmont.

### Undated

* The Weller brothers whaling settlement at Otakou on the shore of Otago Harbour has the largest population of Europeans in New Zealand outside the Bay of Islands/Hokianga.
* An Anglican mission station is established at Ōtaki by Reverend Octavius Hadfield.
* A whaling station and trading post is set up at Wairoa by Captain William Barnard Rhodes.

## Births

* 5 January (in Bohemia): Gottfried Lindauer, painter

### Unknown date

* (in Jersey): Edward Bartley, architect

## Deaths

* 28 October: Makea Pori Ariki, sovereign of the Cook Islands
* 20 November: John Williams, missionary

### Unknown date

* Te Wera Hauraki, Ngāpuhi tribal leader
# Self-Portrait (book)

Self-Portrait is a 2019 illustrated memoir by artist Celia Paul. The book has four "positive" reviews and eight "rave" reviews according to review aggregator Book Marks.
# Malanów, Wieruszów County

Malanów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokolniki, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Sokolniki, 18 km (11 mi) east of Wieruszów, and 93 km (58 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Caulolatilus

Caulolatilus is a genus of tilefishes native to the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas. This genus is regarded as the least specialised and the most basal of the tilefishes.

## Species

There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus:
* Caulolatilus affinis T. N. Gill, 1865 (Bighead tilefish)
* Caulolatilus bermudensis Dooley, 1981 (Bermuda tilefish)
* Caulolatilus chrysops (Valenciennes, 1833) (Atlantic goldeneye tilefish)
* Caulolatilus cyanops Poey, 1866 (Blackline tilefish)
* Caulolatilus dooleyi Berry, 1978 (Bankslope tilefish)
* Caulolatilus guppyi Beebe & Tee-Van, 1937 (Reticulated tilefish)
* Caulolatilus hubbsi Dooley, 1978 (Hubbs' tilefish)
* Caulolatilus intermedius Howell-Rivero, 1936 (Gulf bareye tilefish)
* Caulolatilus microps Goode & T. H. Bean, 1878 (Grey tilefish)
* Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns, 1840) (Ocean whitefish)
* Caulolatilus williamsi Dooley & Berry, 1977 (Yellowbar tilefish)
Studies have shown that C. hubbsi is not readily distinguishable from C. princeps and should be treated as a junior synonym of the latter taxon.
# Mike Tadjer

Mike Tadjer Barbosa (born 10 March 1989) is a French-born Portuguese rugby union player who plays as a hooker for RC Massy in the Nationale, France’s third tier of rugby.

## Club career

He first played at RC Massy, where he joined the first team in 2007/08. After a season at Racing Métro 92 (2008/09), where he won the French Pro D2, he returned to RC Massy, where he would play from 2009/10 to 2014/15. He has played since then at SU Agen (2015/16-2016/17), CA Brive (2017/18), FC Grenoble (2018/19), ASM Clermont (2019/20), US Montauban (2020/21), and currently plays for USA Perpignan, since 2021/22.

## International career

Tadjer earned 22 caps for Portugal, with 3 tries scored, and 15 points on aggregate. His debut was a 15-7 loss to Romania on 4 February 2012, in Bucharest, for the Six Nations B.
He was involved in Os Lobos' successful 2023 Rugby World Cup qualifying campaign. He was selected to be a part of the Portugal squad for the 2023 Rugby World Cup in France. In their last pool stage game against Fiji, Portugal claimed a historic first win at the tournament; beating Fiji 23–24. Since Portugal didn't advance to the knockout stages, it was Tadjer's last match for his nation as he announced his retirement from international rugby.

## Personal life

Tadjer was born in France to a Portuguese father and Syrian mother.
# 1833 in New Zealand

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
The following lists events that happened during 1833 in New Zealand.

## Incumbents
### Regal and viceregal

* Head of State – King William IV
* Governor of New South Wales – Major-General Sir Richard Bourke

### Government and law

* British Resident in New Zealand – James Busby

## Events

* 10 May – James Busby arrives in the Bay of Islands on HMS Imogene.
* 16 May – James Busby meets 22 leading chiefs at Paihia and reads them a message from King William IV.
* October/November
** – Alfred Nesbitt Brown along with Henry Williams, John Morgan and William Fairburn visit the Thames Valley and reach Matamata.(see also 1834 & 1835)
* November/December
** – A mission is established at Puriri.

### Undated

* The building of the house for James Busby is begun. After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi there in 1840 it will be known as the Treaty House.
* The keystone above the door of the Stone Store in Kerikeri is carved.
* Late in the year Louisa, daughter of John and Betty Guard, is born at Port Underwood. She is the first female European child born in the South Island.

## Births

* 1 January (in Scotland): Robert Lawson, architect.
* 27 January (in Australia): William Larnach, businessman, politician.
* 31 May (in Scotland): David Boyle, 7th Earl of Glasgow, 14th Governor of New Zealand.
* 14 September (in Scotland): John Bryce, politician.
* 23 September (in England): William Hodgkins, artist and art historian.
* 20 October (in England): Arthur Atkinson, politician.
* undated (in Hokitika): Richard Hobbs, politician.
# Riaan Viljoen

Riaan Viljoen (born 1 April 1983) is a professional South African rugby union rugby player, currently playing with Japanese Super Rugby side the Sunwolves and Top League West side NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes. He was born in Carletonville, South Africa and his first tour with the Springboks was to France, Italy, Ireland and England in late 2009 where he played in two touring matches. He signed with the Sharks for the 2012 and the 2013 Super Rugby tournaments.
In 2013, he signed a deal to play in the Top League in Japan for NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes. For 2016 he joined the new Japanese Super Rugby team Sunwolves.

## Honours

* Tour matches: 2
* Total Springbok matches: 2
* Win ratio:
* Tours:
** France, Italy, Ireland & England, 2009.
** North West Craven Week 2001.
** Griquas Currie Cup 2008.
# Staro Selo, Vratsa Province

Staro Selo (Old Village) is a small village in the Vratsa Province of northwest Bulgaria. It is situated at the foot of the Balkan Mountains. Staro Selo is a part of Mezdra Municipality. It is also home to the town hall. Staro Selo is near the river Iskar, popular for its angling possibilities.
The number of inhabitants as of summer 2008 numbered less than 200 due to emigration and is still falling as young people move to nearby towns such as Mezdra, Vratsa or even further away. Many houses are no longer inhabited permanently, having either been abandoned or turned into summer cottages.
# 1972 European Badminton Championships

The 3rd European Badminton Championships were held in Karlskrona, Sweden, between 14 and 16 April 1972, and hosted by the European Badminton Union and the Svenska Badmintonförbundet.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles | Wolfgang Bochow | Klaus Kaagaard | Ray Stevens |
| Men's singles | Wolfgang Bochow | Klaus Kaagaard | Flemming Delfs |
| Women's singles | Margaret Beck | Gillian Gilks | Eva Twedberg |
| Women's singles | Margaret Beck | Gillian Gilks | Joke van Beusekom |
| Men's doubles | Willi Braun and Roland Maywald | Derek Talbot and Elliot Stuart | Erland Kops and Elo Hansen |
| Men's doubles | Willi Braun and Roland Maywald | Derek Talbot and Elliot Stuart | Wolfgang Bochow and Gerhard Kucki |
| Women's doubles | Gillian Gilks and Judy Hashman | Margaret Beck and Julie Rickard | Anne Flindt and Pernille Kaagaard |
| Women's doubles | Gillian Gilks and Judy Hashman | Margaret Beck and Julie Rickard | Annie Bøg Jørgensen and Lene Køppen |
| Mixed doubles | Derek Talbot and Gillian Gilks | Wolfgang Bochow and Marieluise Wackerow | Roland Maywald and Brigitte Steden |
| Mixed doubles | Derek Talbot and Gillian Gilks | Wolfgang Bochow and Marieluise Wackerow | Gert Perneklo and Eva Twedberg |
| Teams | England | Denmark | West Germany |

## Results
### Semi-finals

| Category | Winner | Runner-up | Score |
| Men's singles | Wolfgang Bochow | Ray Stevens | 15–4, 15–4 |
| Men's singles | Klaus Kaagaard | Flemming Delfs | 18–13, 8–15, 15–7 |
| Women's singles | Gillian Gilks | Eva Twedberg | 11–2, 11–7 |
| Women's singles | Margaret Beck | Joke van Beusekom | 11–2, 11–1 |
| Men's doubles | Roland Maywald Willi Braun | Elo Hansen Erland Kops | 15–13, 15–8 |
| Men's doubles | Derek Talbot Elliot Stuart | Gerhard Kucki Wolfgang Bochow | Walkover |
| Women's doubles | Judy Hashman Gillian Gilks | Anne Flindt Pernille Kaagaard | 15–5, 15–10 |
| Women's doubles | Julie Rickard Margaret Beck | Annie Bøg Jørgensen Lene Køppen | 15–9, 15–7 |
| Mixed doubles | Derek Talbot Gillian Gilks | Roland Maywald Brigitte Steden | 15–1, 15–9 |
| Mixed doubles | Wolfgang Bochow Marieluise Wackerow | Gert Perneklo Eva Twedberg | 15–11, 15–8 |

### Finals

| Category | Winners | Runners-up | Score |
| Men's singles | Wolfgang Bochow | Klaus Kaagaard | 15–5, 15–2 |
| Women's singles | Margaret Beck | Gillian Gilks | 11–0, 11–1 |
| Men's doubles | Roland Maywald Willi Braun | Derek Talbot Elliot Stuart | 15–11, 18–15 |
| Women's doubles | Judy Hashman Gillian Gilks | Julie Rickard Margaret Beck | 15–11, 15–7 |
| Mixed doubles | Derek Talbot Gillian Gilks | Wolfgang Bochow Marieluise Wackerow | 15–6, 15–4 |

## Medal account

| Pos | Country | | | | Total |
| 1 | England | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
| 2 | West Germany | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 3 | Denmark | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 4 | Sweden | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 5 | Netherlands | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
# The Sensuous Woman

The Sensuous Woman is a book written by Terry Garrity and issued by Lyle Stuart. Published first during 1969 with the pseudonym "J", it is a detailed instruction manual concerning sexuality for women. It is notable for greater frankness in discussing sex than other literature of its era.

## Summary

Some of the most confusing and lonely experiences of J's life, as well as the most beautiful ones, have been sexual. She believes women in the modern era have great potential for enjoyable sex, orgasms, and greater intimacy with their husband or paramours.
She recommends women increase their sensitivity with various tactile experiences, taking sensuous baths, dancing, and most importantly masturbation, with various methods described. J stresses that masturbation and sex are normal and wholesome activities, and that women should ignore those who attempt to make them feel shame about them.
The author gives tips about fashion and voice training. She encourages readers to care for their health, including early treatment for venereal disease. The reader is encouraged to keep a diary of her sexual appetite, to encourage her to think about her sexual ethics, and to practice sexual role-play to keep relationships interesting.
J discusses how to select sexual partners, both for casual sex and marriage. She explains various sexual techniques, including how be a giving partner while still looking after one's own pleasure. She gives advice on attending orgies, including how to avoid advances from lesbians. Finally, she discusses how to become receptive to love and contentment.

## Reception

The book was a best-seller and remained popular for years because its frankness about sex was rare in books of its era. The author had "thought about the unthinkable," according to the New York Times, by attempting to demystify sex in an era when sex was normally hinted at indirectly.
Some readers were very angry about the book. Garrity was besieged with demands for details of her personal life. Her real name was leaked to Time magazine by her publisher, according to Garrity, which resulted in increased attacks on her, including several attempts at sexual assault. Her mental health suffered because of the fame of the book and hostile reactions to it.
In 1982, author Anita Diamant compared The Sensuous Woman with Alexandra Penney's then-popular How to Make Love to a Man. Diamant found "the most dramatic difference" was in their recommendations on faking orgasms--with Garrity for it and Penney against it. This difference, said Diamant, "underscores the popularization of the ideas of women's absolute right to equal pleasure and honesty between the sexes."
The Sensuous Woman was among the six books chosen by career columnist Penelope Trunk for her list of "best books," as published in the September 21, 2007 edition of The Week magazine.

## Cultural references

The album Music for Sensuous Lovers by "Z", released by Mort Garson in 1971, is a quote from the book's title.
# Mamień

Mamień is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Parzęczew, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.