OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei

The Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei (奥羽越列藩同盟, lit. 'Alliance of the domains of Mutsu, Dewa, and Echigo') was a Japanese military-political coalition established and disestablished over the course of several months in early to mid-1868 during the Boshin War. Its flag was either a white interwoven five-pointed star on a black field, or a black interwoven five-pointed star on a white field. It is also known as the Northern Alliance (北部同盟, Hokubu Dōmei).

## History

The Alliance centered on the Sendai, Yonezawa, and Nihonmatsu domains, and drew together nearly all domains from the provinces of Mutsu and Dewa, several domains of northern Echigo Province, and even the Matsumae Domain of Ezo (modern-day Hokkaidō). Headquartered at Shiroishi Castle, the alliance's nominal head was Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa, the onetime abbot of Kan'eiji Temple in Edo who fled north following the Satsuma–Chōshū takeover of the city, who declared himself "Emperor Tobu" (東武天皇), with Date Yoshikuni of Sendai and Uesugi Narinori of Yonezawa as the head of the Alliance. Although heteroclite in nature, the Alliance formed of a combination of modern and traditional forces, and mobilized a total of about 50,000 soldiers. Though the alliance did its best to support the Aizu Domain (会津藩), Aizu was not formally part of the alliance "Kaishō Alliance" (会庄同盟); neither was Shōnai (庄内藩).
In addition, though it technically no longer existed as a domain, the forces of the Hayashi clan of Jōzai Domain also fought on behalf of the Alliance.
While the alliance was a bold, innovative step that combined the military forces of several dozen domains, it was unable to fully act as a single, cohesive unit, and with the fall of Sendai and Aizu, it effectively collapsed.

## Members of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei

| Domain | Ruling Family | Province |
| Matsumae | Matsumae | Ezo |
| Morioka | Nanbu | Mutsu |
| Nihonmatsu | Niwa | Mutsu |
| Hirosaki | Tsugaru | Mutsu |
| Tanagura | Abe | Mutsu |
| Sōma | Sōma | Mutsu |
| Sendai | Date | Mutsu |
| Ichinoseki | Tamura | Mutsu |
| Miharu | Akita | Mutsu |
| Iwakitaira | Andō | Mutsu |
| Fukushima | Itakura | Mutsu |
| Moriyama | Matsudaira | Mutsu |
| Izumi | Honda | Mutsu |
| Hachinohe | Nanbu | Mutsu |
| Yunagaya | Naitō | Mutsu |
| Miike | Tachibana | Fukuoka |
| Akita | Satake | Dewa |
| Yonezawa | Uesugi | Dewa |
| Shinjō | Tozawa | Dewa |
| Yamagata | Mizuno | Dewa |
| Kaminoyama | Matsudaira | Dewa |
| Honjō | Rokugō | Dewa |
| Kameda | Iwaki | Dewa |
| Tendō | Oda | Dewa |
| Yashima | Ikoma | Dewa |
| Shibata | Mizoguchi | Echigo |
| Nagaoka | Makino | Echigo |
| Murakami | Naitō | Echigo |
| Muramatsu | Hori | Echigo |
| Mineyama | Kyōgoku | Tango |
| Kurokawa | Yanagisawa | Echigo |
# Katju

Katju may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Arundhati Katju (born 1982), lawyer qualified to practice in India and New York
* Brahma Nath Katju (born 1927), Indian judge and the Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court
* Kailash Nath Katju (1887–1968), prominent politician of India
* Markandey Katju, an Indian jurist
* Shiva Nath Katju (1910–1996), Indian lawyer, judge and an Indian National Congress politician
# UD España

Union Deportiva de Tánger, also known as Unión Deportiva España de Tánger, was a football club based in Tangier during its Spanish protectorate.

## History

The La Unión Deportiva España de Tánger UDET in Spanish, or Unión Deportiva de Tánger UDT, also known as 'España de Tánger', was a Spanish football club founded in Tangier. The Unión Deportiva España de Tánger was one of the teams in the Spanish Second Division during the 1950s.
Until Moroccan independence, football competition in the Spanish protectorate (to which only Tangier belonged between 1940 and 1945) was run by the Spanish Football League. In Morocco there were other teams of Spanish origin, such as the Unión Deportiva Sevillana, the Unión Tangerina, the Fútbol Club Iberia or the Club Atlético Tetuán.
In 1956, after the independence of Morocco, the club merged with Algeciras CF to form España de Algeciras CF before switching back to Algeciras CF in the following year.

## Season to season

| Season | Tier | Division | Place | Copa del Generalísimo |
| 1947–48 | 4 | 1ª Reg. | 1st | |
| 1948–49 | 3 | 3ª | 9th | First round |
| 1949–50 | 3 | 3ª | 15th | |
| 1950–51 | 3 | 3ª | 14th | |
| 1951–52 | 3 | 3ª | 7th | |
| 1952–53 | 3 | 3ª | 2nd | |
| 1953–54 | 2 | 2ª | 8th | |
| 1954–55 | 2 | 2ª | 4th | |
| 1955–56 | 2 | 2ª | 5th | |
* 3 seasons in Segunda División
* 5 seasons in Tercera División

## Former players

* Adolfo Bolea
* Heliodoro Castaño
* Jaco Azafrani
# The Marblehead Messenger

The Marblehead Messenger is the third album by the band Seatrain, recorded in 1971. As with Seatrain's previous album, it was produced by George Martin.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic's brief retrospective review said the album was "better played and sung" and "much more of a band effort" than Seatrain.

## Track listing

* "Gramercy" (Kulberg, Roberts) 2:59
* "The State of Georgia's Mind" (Kulberg, Roberts) 4:01
* "Protestant Preacher" (Rowan) 5:23
* "Lonely's Not the Only Way to Go" (Baskin) 2:23
* "How Sweet Thy Song" (Rowan) 5:00
* "Marblehead Messenger" (Kulberg, Roberts) 2:40
* "London Song" (Kulberg, Roberts) 4:20
* "Mississippi Moon" (Rowan) 3:13
* "Losing All the Years" (Kulberg, Roberts) 4:34
* "Despair Tire" (Greene, Kulberg, Roberts) 5:29

## Personnel

* Peter Rowan – vocals, guitar
* Richard Greene – violin
* Lloyd Baskin – keyboards, vocals
* Andy Kulberg – bass, flute
* Larry Atamanuik – drums, percussion
* Jim Roberts – lyrics
# Hamza Makhdoom

Hamza Makhdoom, popularly known as Makhdoom Sahib (c. 1494 – c. 1576), was a Sufi mystic living in Kashmir. He is sometimes referred to as Mehboob-ul-Alam (literally, "beloved of the world") and Sultan-ul-Arifeen (literally, "king among those who know God").

## Early life

Hamza Makhdoom was born as Muhammad Hamza Raina in the village of Tujjar near Sopore in Baramulla district. He was son of Usman Raina and Bibi Maryam who came from a Chandravanshi Rajput family of the Raina clan. According to tradition, teenage Hamza Makhdoom studied in the Shamsi Cha monastery for a year, and later studied jurisprudence, tradition, philosophy, logics, ethics and mysticism in a madrasa founded by Ismail Kubrawi.

## Teachings

A prolific scholar and spiritual preacher, Hamza Makhdoom adhered to the tradition and was a disciple of Syed Jamal Uddin Bukhari of Delhi who was great grandson of Jahaniyan Jahangasht. He directed his teachings specifically to the followers of Islam, and under his influence a part of Kashmir's population trully followed the Hanafi jurisprudence. He was staunch follower of Shariah and Sunnah.

## Death

He died at an age of 82 in year 1576 (984 AH) in Srinagar.
Nearly fourteen years after his death, king Akbar built a shrine there which was reconstructed during the Afghan rule by Atta Mohammad Khan around 1821 AD. The shrine, located on the southern slope of Hari Parbat Hill and popularly called Makhdoom Sahib and Hazrat Sultan, is an important pilgrimage centre in Kashmir.
Atta Mohammad Khan Barakzai in his honour issued the coins bearing the names of Nur-ud-Din-Rishi and Hamza Makhdoom.
# Changpa

The Changpa, or Champa, are a semi-nomadic Tibetan people found mainly in the Changtang in Ladakh, India. A smaller number resides in the western regions of the Tibet Autonomous Region and were partially relocated for the establishment of the Changtang Nature Reserve. By 1989, there were half a million nomads living in the Changtang area.

## Changpa of the Tibet Autonomous Region

The homeland of the Changpa is a high altitude plateau known as the Changtang, which forms a portion of western and northern Tibet extending to southeastern Ladakh, and Changpa means "northerners" in Tibetan. Unlike many other nomadic groups in Tibet, the Changpa are not under pressure from settled farmers as the vast majority of land they inhabit is too inhospitable for farming.
Most of the Tibetan Changtang is now protected by means of nature reserves consisting of the Chang Tang Nature Reserve, the second-largest nature reserve in the world, and four new adjoining smaller reserves totalling 496,000 km$^2$ (191,507 sq. miles) of connected Nature Reserves, which represents an area almost as large as Spain and bigger than 197 countries. Since the reserves were established, there has been a welcome increase in the number of endangered species. The protected areas stretch across parts of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Xinjiang and Qinghai in China.
The Changpa of Ladakh are high-altitude pastoralists, raising mainly yaks and goats. Among the Ladakh Changpa, those who are still nomadic are known as Phalpa and they take their herds from the Hanley Valley to the village of Lato. Hanley is home to six isolated settlements, where the sedentary Changpa, the Fangpa, reside. Despite their different lifestyles, both these groups intermarry. The Changpa speak Changskhat, a dialect of Tibetan, and practice Tibetan Buddhism.
Only a small part of Changthang crosses the border into Ladakh, in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is, however, on a historically important route for travelers journeying from Ladakh to Lhasa, and now has many different characteristics due to being part of India. Historically, the Changpa of Ladakh would migrate with their herds into Tibet, but with the Chinese takeover of Tibet, this route has been closed.
As of 2001, the Changpa are classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's reservation program of affirmative action.

## Changpa and their goats

For many Changpa, rearing of animals and consuming and selling their produce (milk and its products, hair and meat) is their only means of livelihood.
The Changpa rear the highly pedigreed and prized Changra goats (Capra hircus) that yield the rare Pashmina (Cashmere) fibre. The Changra goats are not raised for their meat but for their fibre (pashm). The pashmina fibre (Pashm in Persian) is the finest fibre of all goat hair.

## Documentary

A documentary, Riding Solo to the Top of the World, was directed by Gaurav Jani. Another documentary, The Nomadic Night, depicting the life of the Changpa, was directed by Marianne Chaud.
# Abu Jandal al-Masri

Abu Jandal al-Masri (Arabic: أبو جندل المصري) is an Egyptian who served as a senior official in the Islamic State. It was reported on January 23, 2017, that he was appointed to replace Abu Ahmed al-Souri as the group's Chief of Information.
According to the American Enterprise Institute he was a competent military commander, prior to serving as Chief of Information.
The Middle East Forum described him as an ISIL commander in the capture of the Minnagh Airbase. They quoted a speech he gave, where he allegedly swore that Mujahideen fighters would "not leave a single Alawite alive in Syria."
# Bangka Regency

Bangka Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. It covers an area of 3,016.85 km$^2$ in the northeast of Bangka Island, and had a population of 277,204 at the 2010 Census rising to 326,265 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 334,344 - comprising 172,248 males and 162,096 females. The coastal town of Sungailiat is its regency seat.

## Administrative Districts

The Regency as at 2022 was divided into eight districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022. The table also includes the location of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (totaling 62 rural desa and 19 urban kelurahan) and the number of offshore islands in each district, and its postal codes.
However, a further three districts have recently been established - those of Karang Lintang, Maras Makmur and Simpang Tiga, although data concerning these have not yet been published.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km$^2$ | Pop'n Census 2010 | Pop'n Census 2020 | Pop'n Estimate mid 2022 | Admin centre | No. of villages | No. of islands | Post codes |
| 19.01.04 | Mendo Barat | 685.64 | 42,290 | 51,133 | 52,399 | Petaling Banjar | 15 | 8 | 33173 |
| 19.01.03 | Merawang | 215.89 | 26,200 | 30,596 | 31,354 | Batu Rusa | 10 | 1 | 33172 |
| 19.01.08 | Puding Besar | 272.10 | 16,385 | 19,419 | 19,900 | Puding Besar | 7 | - | 33171 |
| 19.01.01 | Sungai Liat | 147.05 | 82,635 | 92,883 | 95,183 | Sri Menanti | 13 | 7 | 33211 - 33215 |
| 19.01.05 | Pemali | 140.46 | 24,985 | 34,705 | 35,564 | Air Duren | 5 | - | 33251 & 33255. |
| 19.01.06 | Bakam | 426.26 | 16,667 | 19,039 | 19,510 | Bakam | 9 | - | 33252 |
| 19.01.02 | Belinyu | 503.54 | 44,401 | 50,200 | 51,443 | Kuto Oanji | 12 | 19 | 33253 |
| 19.01.07 | Riau Silip | 625.91 | 23,641 | 28,290 | 28,991 | Riau | 9 | 13 | 33254 |
| | Totals | 3,016.85 | 277,204 | 326,265 | 334,344 | Sungailiat | 81 | 48 | |

## Religion

In 2014 Bangka Regency had 247,316 Moslem, 31,710 Buddhism religion, 6,464 Protestantism, 5,845 Confusianism, 3,368 Catholicism, 2,326 other religions, 62 Hinduism and 16,995 persons are not identified/other.
# Vichy shower

A Vichy shower, also known as an affusion shower, is a kind of shower used in spas, featuring a horizontal bar with five to seven shower heads, or holes. Large quantities of warm water are poured over a spa patron while he or she lies in a shallow wet bed, similar to a massage table, but with drainage for the water. The patron typically lies on their back first, and then is rolled onto their stomach.
The Vichy shower originated in Vichy, France, which contains natural mineral springs. These springs inspired the design of the Vichy shower.
# Catenary (disambiguation)

Catenary is a mathematical curve.
Catenary may also refer to:

## Mathematics

* Catenary arch, an arch that follows a catenary curve
* Catenary ring, a type of mathematical ring

## Other uses

* Overhead catenary, another name for the overhead line system for electric power transmission for railways
# BYG

BYG can refer to:
* Bang Yong Guk, acronym and stage name of the South Korean rapper.
* Beyond Gaming, a Taiwanese former professional League of Legends team
* BYG Records, French record label
* BYG•DTU, the Department of Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark.
# Marisol Vargas Bárcena

Marisol Vargas Bárcena (born 27 January 1975) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party. She represents the state of Hidalgo and the fifth electoral region in the Chamber of Deputies for the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress.

## Life

Vargas began her political career in the PAN and the municipality of Pachuca in 1996, while she studied for her law degree from the Colegio Anáhuac. In 1997, she became the state coordinator of the PAN's Secretariat for the Political Promotion of Women, a time in which she also served as a legal advisor to the PAN delegation to the state congress as well as to the PAN's town councilors in Pachuca.
From 2001 to 2003, Vargas simultaneously served as the president of the PAN in Hidalgo, as well as a town councilor in Pachuca. At the end of her stint in those posts, she was elected to the LIX Legislature as a federal deputy. She sat on the Constitutional Points, Justice and Human Rights, Population, Borders and Migratory Matters, and Housing Commissions.
In 2013, after an extended stint as a delegate of the Mexican Social Security Institute in Hidalgo, Vargas retired from the post. Two years later, the PAN returned her to the Chamber of Deputies for the LXIII Legislature. She sits on the Government, Ranching, and Foreign Relations Commissions, as well as on the Administration Committee.
# Sclerisis

Sclerisis is a genus of coral in the family Mopseidae.
# Michael Slive

Michael Lawrence Slive (July 26, 1940 – May 16, 2018) was an American attorney and college sports executive. Slive was the commissioner of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), a college athletics association, from 2002 until 2015.

## Early life and education

Slive was born on July 26, 1940 in Utica, New York. His father Sol Slive owned a meat market and hoped for Mike to become a doctor. Slive was the quarterback of Utica Free Academy's high school football team, and became the first person in his family to attend college, when he enrolled in Dartmouth College as a premed and played college football. However, he soon switched from football to lacrosse, and from medicine to law. While at Dartmouth, he was president of Alpha Theta fraternity. He worked as a unionized meat cutter to pay for his tuition.
He graduated from Dartmouth College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1962. He earned a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1965 and an LL.M. from the Georgetown University Law Center in 1966.

## Career

Slive began his career in 1969 as assistant director of athletics at Dartmouth College. Slive became the seventh commissioner of the SEC on July 1, 2002. He was the first commissioner of Conference USA from 1995 to 2002, and the first commissioner of the Great Midwest Conference upon its founding in 1991.
Early in his life, he practiced law in New Hampshire, serving as judge of the Hanover District Court from 1972 to 1977, and was a partner in a Chicago law firm. He was assistant director of athletics at Dartmouth College, assistant executive director of the Pacific-10 Conference, and director of athletics at Cornell University from 1981 to 1983. In 1990, he became senior partner and founder of the Mike Slive-Mike Glazier Sports Group, a legal practice specializing in representing colleges and universities in athletics-related matters.
As part of his role as the SEC Commissioner, he served as the coordinator of the Bowl Championship Series for the 2006 and 2007 regular seasons. He was a member of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Committee through September 2009 and served as the chairman of the committee for the 2008–09 academic year. He retired as commissioner effective July 31, 2015.
He chaired the NCAA Infractions Appeals Committee and the National Letter of Intent Steering Committee.
In 2009, Slive was inducted into the Greater Utica Sports Hall of Fame.

## Death

In his later years, Slive was diagnosed with prostate cancer. Before his death, he co-founded the Mike Slive Foundation for Prostate Cancer Research. He died on May 16, 2018, age 77, in Birmingham, Alabama. He is survived by his wife of 49 years, Liz, and their daughter, Anna.
# Piera McArthur

Sylvia Margarite Piera McArthur ONZM (née Monro; born 1929) is a New Zealand painter. In 2012 she was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to the arts.

## Early life and education

McArthur was born in Ramsgate in 1929. She was one of five children, and her father was a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh, and from a "well-known medical dynasty" the Munros of Auchinbowie. The family moved to New Zealand in 1938, settling in Feilding. McArthur attended Feilding Convent School and then Erskine College in Wellington, where she won the Society of the Sacred Heart's international prize for excellence, the St Madeleine Sophie award. She earned a scholarship to Victoria University of Wellington where she gained a Master of Arts in Modern Languages.

## Career

McArthur married diplomat John G. McArthur, who she had met as a student. Their first posting was to Paris. The McArthurs had recently established New Zealand's first embassy in Chile when the 1973 Chilean coup d'état occurred. A wanted "prominent trade unionist", Luis Figueroa, broke into the embassy seeking asylum, and John McArthur smuggled him to the residence in the back of his car. Figueroa was joined by his girlfriend, and the couple were sheltered by the McArthurs for ten days before being passed over to the Swedish ambassador. Diplomatic wives were generally not allowed to undertake paid work in their host country. It was in Chile that Piera McArthur learned to paint. although after advice from artist Douglas MacDiarmid she did not have formal training.
McArthur spent considerable time in Paris and Moscow, as well as postings to Brussels and the UN in New York. She was first New Zealander to have a solo show at the New Tretiakov Gallery in Moscow. McArthur is known for her colourful style. The Journal of Soviet Culture described her works as "vibrating, breathing, trembling". She lives and works in Thorndon, Wellington. She and her husband had six children together.

## Honours and awards

In the 2012 New Year Honours, McArthur was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to the arts.
# Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics – Men's parallel bars

The men's parallel bars event was part of the gymnastics programme at the 1932 Summer Olympics. It was contested for the fifth time after 1896, 1904, 1924, and 1928. The competition was held on Friday, August 12, 1932. Fifteen gymnasts from six nations competed. Each nation was limited to three gymnasts. The event was won by Romeo Neri of Italy, the nation's first victory in the men's parallel bars. István Pelle earned Hungary's first medal in the event with his silver, while Heikki Savolainen similarly earned Finland's first medal with his bronze.

## Background

This was the fifth appearance of the event, which is one of the five apparatus events held every time there were apparatus events at the Summer Olympics (no apparatus events were held in 1900, 1908, 1912, or 1920). Eight of the 15 gymnast had competed in the Olympics before: Mario Lertora of Italy had finished fifth in 1924 and tied for seventh (with Mauri Nyberg-Noroma of Finland) in 1928. Along with those two seventh-place finishers, other returning gymnasts from 1924 were Romeo Neri of Italy, Heikki Savolainen of Finland, István Pelle and Miklós Péter of Hungary (the latter of whom had finished last in 1928), and Al Jochim and Frank Haubold of the United States. Pelle had won the 1931 world championships.
Japan and Mexico each made their debut in the men's parallel bars. The United States made its fourth appearance, most of any nation, having missed only the inaugural 1896 Games.

## Competition format

For the second (after 1896) and last time, the parallel bars competition was entirely separate from the individual all-around rather than being entirely aggregated into the all-around or sharing qualification results. Each gymnast performed one compulsory exercise and one voluntary exercise. The score for each exercise was up to 30 points, with a combined score of 60 points maximum.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| Friday, 12 August 1932 | 8:00 | Final |

## Results

A separate competition was held, unrelated to the all-around event. Two exercises were contested with the results based on total points.
| Rank | Gymnast | Nation | Compulsory | Voluntary | Total |
| | Romeo Neri | Italy | 28.2 | 28.7 | 56.9 |
| | István Pelle | Hungary | 27.7 | 28.1 | 55.8 |
| | Heikki Savolainen | Finland | 27.5 | 27.3 | 54.8 |
| 4 | Mauri Nyberg-Noroma | Finland | 27.7 | 25.7 | 53.4 |
| 5 | Mario Lertora | Italy | 26.9 | 25.7 | 52.6 |
| 6 | Al Jochim | United States | 26.6 | 25.8 | 52.4 |
| 7 | József Hegedűs | Hungary | 25.7 | 26.2 | 51.9 |
| 7 | Miklós Péter | Hungary | 26.2 | 25.7 | 51.9 |
| 9 | Michael Schuler | United States | 25.7 | 26.1 | 51.8 |
| 10 | Savino Guglielmetti | Italy | 25.0 | 26.1 | 51.1 |
| 11 | Frank Haubold | United States | 25.3 | 25.4 | 50.7 |
| 12 | Toshihiko Sasano | Japan | 24.1 | 24.1 | 48.2 |
| 13 | Vicente Mayagoitia | Mexico | 21.0 | 23.9 | 44.9 |
| 14 | Mahito Haga | Japan | 20.5 | 21.4 | 41.9 |
| 15 | Francisco José Álvarez | Mexico | 20.2 | 21.0 | 41.2 |