OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alessandro Tonucci

Alessandro Tonucci (born 23 April 1993) is a Grand Prix motorcycle racer from Italy. He currently rides a Kawasaki ZX-6R in the CIV Supersport Championship. He is a former runner-up of the Italian 125GP Championship, doing so in 2009.

## Career statistics
### By season

| Season | Class | Motorcycle | Team | Race | Win | Podium | Pole | FLap | Pts | Plcd |
| 2009 | 125cc | Aprilia | Junior GP Racing Dream | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 2010 | 125cc | Aprilia | Junior GP Racing Team FMI | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 26th |
| 2011 | 125cc | Aprilia | Team Italia FMI | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 25th |
| 2012 | Moto3 | FTR Honda | Team Italia FMI | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 45 | 18th |
| 2013 | Moto3 | Honda | La Fonte Tascaracing | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 26th |
| 2013 | Moto3 | FTR Honda | La Fonte Tascaracing | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 26th |
| 2014 | Moto3 | Mahindra | CIP | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 19th |
| 2015 | Moto3 | Mahindra | Outox Reset Drink Team | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| 2016 | Moto2 | Kalex | Tasca Racing Scuderia | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC |
| Total | | | | 94 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 86 | |

### Races by year

(key)
| Year | Class | Bike | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | Pos | Pts |
| 2009 | 125cc | Aprilia | QAT | JPN | SPA | FRA | ITA 26 | CAT | NED | GER | GBR | CZE 23 | INP | RSM 29 | POR | AUS | MAL | VAL | | | NC | 0 |
| 2010 | 125cc | Aprilia | QAT | SPA | FRA | ITA 18 | GBR | NED | CAT | GER | CZE 18 | INP | RSM 20 | ARA | JPN | MAL | AUS | POR 13 | VAL | | 26th | 3 |
| 2011 | 125cc | Aprilia | QAT 22 | SPA 19 | POR DNS | FRA 26 | CAT 29 | GBR 20 | NED 23 | ITA 20 | GER 25 | CZE 19 | INP 23 | RSM 17 | ARA 14 | JPN 10 | AUS 16 | MAL 15 | VAL 13 | | 25th | 12 |
| 2012 | Moto3 | FTR Honda | QAT Ret | SPA 11 | POR 18 | FRA 14 | CAT 28 | GBR 16 | NED 22 | GER 16 | ITA 16 | INP 15 | CZE 10 | RSM 17 | ARA 12 | JPN 3 | MAL 17 | AUS 7 | VAL 14 | | 18th | 45 |
| 2013 | Moto3 | Honda | QAT 18 | AME 18 | SPA 18 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 26th | 6 |
| 2013 | Moto3 | FTR Honda | | | | FRA 14 | ITA Ret | CAT 16 | NED 25 | GER 26 | INP Ret | CZE 12 | GBR Ret | RSM 16 | ARA 27 | MAL DNS | AUS | JPN | VAL | | 26th | 6 |
| 2014 | Moto3 | Mahindra | QAT 21 | AME 16 | ARG 13 | SPA 18 | FRA Ret | ITA 7 | CAT 13 | NED 26 | GER 16 | INP Ret | CZE 21 | GBR 22 | RSM 18 | ARA Ret | JPN 15 | AUS 14 | MAL 14 | VAL 21 | 19th | 20 |
| 2015 | Moto3 | Mahindra | QAT 25 | AME 21 | ARG 25 | SPA Ret | FRA Ret | ITA 19 | CAT 17 | NED 21 | GER 24 | INP 16 | CZE 25 | GBR Ret | RSM 22 | ARA 23 | JPN Ret | AUS 16 | MAL DNS | VAL Ret | NC | 0 |
| 2016 | Moto2 | Kalex | QAT 21 | ARG 27 | AME 24 | SPA 19 | FRA 22 | ITA 25 | CAT | NED | GER | AUT | CZE | GBR | RSM | ARA | JPN | AUS | MAL | VAL | NC | 0 |
# Beckert

Beckert is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Franz Beckert (1907–1973), German gymnast who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics
* Glenn Beckert (1940–2020), American baseball player
* Jens Beckert (born 1967), German sociologist
* Lothar Beckert (1931–2017), German long-distance runner
* Patrick Beckert (born 1990), German Olympic speed skater
* Stephanie Beckert (born 1988), German speed skater
* Sven Beckert, American historians and Laird Bell Professor of American History at Harvard University
* Tom Beckert, American sound engineer
See also
# Grenadian Creole

Grenadian Creole may refer to:
* Grenadian Creole English, an Eastern Atlantic Creole
* Grenadian Creole French or Patois, a variety of Antillean Creole French
# Flag of Central Lithuania

The flag of the Republic of Central Lithuania, an unrecognized short-lived puppet republic of Poland, was established on 12 October 1920 and remained in use until 18 April 1922, when the state ceased to exist.

## Design

The flag was officially defined as a red flag with eagle and Pahonia (a knight on a horse) on it. It consists of 2 charges set next to each other in the middle. On the right is a silver (white) eagle, and on the left, a silver (white) Pahonia, a charge, that consists of a knight with a sword in his right hand, and a shield with the Cross of Lorraine in his left hand, that is sitting on a jumping horse.

## History

The flag was established as the symbol of the state, on 12 November 1920, in the Decree No. 1 of the Chief-in-command of the Army of Central Lithuania. It stopped being used after the Republic of Central Lithuania was incorporated into Poland on 18 April 1922.
# First Dikshit ministry

The First Dikshit cabinet was the Council of Ministers in second Delhi Legislative Assembly headed by Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit.

## Council of Ministers (3 December 1998 - 1 December 2003)

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Chief Minister | Sheila Dikshit | 3 December 1998 | 1 December 2003 | INC |
| | Ashok Kumar Walia | 3 December 1998 | 1 December 2003 | INC |
| Minister of Transport, Public Works Department, Land and Building, Delhi Metro | Parvez Hashmi | 3 December 1998 | 1 December 2003 | INC |
| Minister of Social Welfare, SC & ST, Labour & Employment | Krishna Tirath | 3 December 1998 | 1 December 2003 | INC |
| Minister of Education, Technical Education, Power, Tourism, Languages | Narendra Nath | 3 December 1998 | 1 December 2003 | INC |
| Minister of Finance | Mahinder Singh Saathi | 3 December 1998 | 1 December 2003 | INC |
| Minister for Development, Food and Civil Supplies | Yoganand Shastri | 3 December 1998 | 1 December 2003 | INC |
# Grenier

Grenier is a surname. It is a French word for attic, loft, or granary. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adrian Grenier
* Angèle Grenier, Canadian maple syrup producer
* Auguste Jean François Grenier (1814–1890), French doctor and entomologist
* Clément Grenier
* Eustace Grenier
* Hugo Grenier, French tennis player
* Jacques de Grenier (1736–1803), French Navy officer
* Jean Charles Marie Grenier (1808–1875), French botanist and naturalist
* John Grenier
* Louis Grenier, fictional character
* Martin Grenier
* Paul Grenier (1768–1827), French general
* Philippe Grenier
* Richard Grenier (disambiguation)
* Robert Grenier (CIA officer)
* Robert Grenier (poet)
* Roger Grenier
* Suzanne Blais-Grenier
* Sylvain Grenier
* Walter I Grenier, Lord of Caesarea
* Zach Grenier
# Grenier-Montgon

Grenier-Montgon (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.
# Firebase Delta

Firebase Delta is a former Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) firebase northwest of Kontum in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.

## History

The base was established approximately 25 km northwest of Kontum.
At the start of the Easter Offensive the base was defended by one company of ARVN Airborne and one of Rangers. On 31 March 1972 a CH-47 of the 180th Assault Support Helicopter Company on a resupply mission to the base was shot down, the crew survived and made it to the base. On the morning of 3 April as U.S. forces were attempting to evacuate the CH-47 crew the base came under attack by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) 52nd Regiment, the assault was repulsed using intensive tactical air strikes and the PAVN suffered 353 killed.$^{:86}$
On 21 April the PAVN launched an assault by 3 tanks supported by infantry and by the evening had succeeded in overrunning the base.

## Current use

The base has reverted to jungle.
# Grivac, Knić

Grivac is a village in the municipality of Knić, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 371 inhabitants.

## Population

Population of Grivac :
| Year | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2002 | 2011 |
| Pop. | 910 | 860 | 838 | 713 | 625 | 537 | 458 | 371 |
| ±% | — | −5.5% | −2.6% | −14.9% | −12.3% | −14.1% | −14.7% | −19.0% |
# Rip the Runway

Rip the Runway is an annual fashion show and music show broadcast by BET, held at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City.

## 2005

The first Rip the Runway show was hosted by Fonzworth Bentley and Eva Pigford.

## 2006

The 2006 Rip the Runway show was hosted by LL Cool J and Gabrielle Union.

## 2007

The 2007 Rip the Runway show was hosted by Ciara and Chris Brown.

## 2008

The 2008 Rip the Runway show was hosted by Nelly and Lauren London.
Performers
* Day26
* Cheri Dennis
* Missy Elliott
* N.E.R.D.
* T-Pain
* Flo Rida
* Snoop
* Trey Songz
* Webbie

## 2009

The 2009 Rip the Runway show was hosted by Derek Luke and Joy Bryant.
Performers
* T.I.
* The-Dream
* Ron Browz
* GS Boyz
* Mavado
* Yung LA
* Young Dro
* Protege
* Bobby Valentino
* Busta Rhymes
* Fabolous
* Keri Hilson

## 2010

The 2010 Rip the Runway show was hosted by Nicki Minaj and Pooch Hall.
Performers
* Ludacris
* Estelle
* Trina
* Roscoe Dash
* Janelle Monáe
* B.o.B
* Bruno Mars
* Roscoe Dash
* Soulja Boy

## 2011

The 2011 Rip the Runway show was hosted by Mehcad Brooks and Selita Ebanks.

### Performer

* Melanie Fiona
* Keri Hilson
* Miguel
* Lloyd
* Wiz Khalifa
* Lil Wayne
* Drake

## 2012

The 2012 Rip the Runway show was hosted by Selita Ebanks and Pooch Hall. (This is the second time the two host).

### Performer

* B.o.B
* Meek Mill
* Diggy Simmons
* Jeremih
* Wale
* Estelle
* Lil' Kim

## 2013

The 2013 Rip the Runway show was hosted by Kelly Rowland and Boris Kodjoe
Performers
* Meek Mill
* Rick Ross
* Jaden Smith
* Luke James
* Trinidad James
* Sevyn Streeter
* Omarion
* Watch the Duck
# Rip van Winkle cipher

In cryptography, the Rip van Winkle cipher is a provably secure cipher with a finite key, assuming the attacker has only finite storage.
The cipher requires a broadcaster (perhaps a numbers station) publicly transmitting a series of random numbers.
The sender encrypts a plaintext message by XORing it with the random numbers, then holding it some length of time T. At the end of that time, the sender finally transmits the encrypted message.
The receiver holds the random numbers the same length of time T. As soon as the receiver gets the encrypted message, he XORs it with the random numbers he remembers were transmitted T ago, to recover the original plaintext message.
The delay T represents the "key" and must be securely communicated only once.
Ueli Maurer says the original Rip van Winkle cipher is completely impractical, but it motivated a new approach to provable security.

## Sources

* ↑ "Rip van Winkle cipher"
* ↑ "A Provably-Secure Strongly-Randomized Cipher" Ueli M. Maurer
J.L. Massey and I. Ingemarsson. The Rip van Winkle cipher - a simple and provably computationally secure cipher with a finite key. In Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Information Theory (Abstracts), page 146, 1985.
* This cryptography-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Alexander Makowsky

Alexander Makowsky (17 December 1833 in Svitavy – 30 November 1908 in Brno) was an Austrian botanist, geologist and paleontologist.
He studied at the University of Technology in Brno, and afterwards, worked as a schoolteacher in Olomouc (1858–64) and Brno (1864–68). From 1873 to 1905 he was a professor of geology and mineralogy at the technical university in Brno.
He devoted the early part of his career to botanical studies, but his interests later switched to the areas of geology, paleontology and prehistory. Included in his research were studies of Pleistocene era humans and animals of Moravia. With Anton Rzehak, he produced a geological map of the environs of Brno, titled Geologische Karte der Umgebung von Brünn (1883). The discosauriscid seymouriamorph Makowskia laticephala commemorates his name.

## Selected works

* Die Sumpf- und Uferflora von Olmütz, 1860 – Marsh and riparian flora of Olmütz.
* Die Flora des Brünner Kreises, nach pflanzengeographischen Principien, 1862 – The flora of the Brünn area, according to phytogeographical principles.
* Darwin's Theorie der organischen Schöpfung (1865) – vorgetragen in der Sitzung des naturforschenden Vereins vom 11. Jänner 1865 von Alexander Makowsky
* Die Wasserpest (1869) – ein Beitrag, gehalten in der Plenarsitzung des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn am 13. October 1869
* Mährens Gesteine in terminologischer Anordnung für die Weltausstellung in Wien (1873) – Unterrichts-Abtheilung
* Der Boden von Brünn (1875) – Vortrag des Alexander Makowsky im Verein praktischer Aerzte in Brünn. Separate: Tagesbote aus Mähren und Schlesien, Nr. 156, 157 und 158.
* Die vulkanische Eifel (1875) – eine geologische Skizze : vorgetragen in der Sitzung des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn am 11. Februar 1875.
* Geologischer Führer für die Umgebung von Brünn (1877) – Excursion Nr. 2. 30. September bis 2. October
* Bericht über den Meteoritenfall bei Tieschitz in Mähren, 1878 – Report on the meteorite fall at Tieschitz in Moravia.
* Die erloschenen Vulkane Nord-Mährens und Öst. Schlesiens (1883)
* Die Tropfsteinhöhle von Saubsdorf in österr. Schlesien. Freiwaldau (1885) – Mährisch-schlesischer Sudeten-Gebirgsverein
* Der Löss von Brünn und seine Einschlüsse an diluvialen Thieren und Menschen, 1888 – The loess of Brünn and its inclusions of Pleistocene animals and humans.
* Der diluviale Mensch in Löss von Brünn, 1889 – The diluvial man in the loess of Brünn.
* Denkschrift zur endgiltigen Lösung der Trinkwasserfrage von Brünn (1890)
* Das Rhinoceros der Diluvialzeit Mährens als Jagdthier des paläolithischen Menschen, 1897 – The rhinoceros of diluvial Moravia as a hunted animal of Palaeolithic people.
* Der Mensch der Diluvialzeit Mährens mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der in den mineralogisch-geologischen Sammlungen der k.k. technischen Hochschule in Brünn verwahrten Fundobjecte (1899)
# Rorippa amphibia

Rorippa amphibia, also known as great yellow-cress, is a plant species in the family Brassicaceae. The flowers are visited by many types of insects, and can be characterized by a generalized pollination syndrome.
# Repenning

Repenning is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Repenning, American computer scientist
* Charles Repenning (1922–2005), American paleontologist and zoologist
* Nelson Repenning, American business scholar
# Guy de La Brosse

Guy de La Brosse (1586 – 1641 in Paris), was a French botanist, medical doctor, and pharmacist. A physician to King Louis XIII of France, he is also notable for the creation of a major botanical garden of medicinal herbs, which was commissioned by the king. This garden, the Jardin des Plantes (originally Jardin du Roi) was the first botanical garden in Paris, and the second in France (after the Montpellier garden created in 1593).

## Biography

Guy de La Brosse, medical doctor to Louis XIII, obtained royal permission on 6 July 1626 to found, in Paris, a herb garden destined to culture plants useful to medicine to replace those of Montpellier created by Henri IV. But this project took some time to come to fruition since the Faculty of Medicine in Paris considered the garden as competition to their activities, because La Brosse wished to teach botany and chemistry there.
This garden, called "Jardin du roi" (Garden of the King), would not be officially inaugurated until 1640, more than 5 years after its actual creation. To calm the university faculty, the king only authorised one teacher without diploma at the garden, with this choice being left to the garden supervisor.
In 1628 La Brosse published "Dessin du Jardin Royal pour la culture des plantes médicinales" ("Design of the Royal Garden for the culture of medical plants"). It was published again with five supplementary woodcuts in 1640. It contained the nature, virtue and use of the medical plants, a catalogue of the plants currently being cultivated and a plan of the garden. In 1631 he published "Avis pour le Jardin royal des plantes" ("Advice for the Royal Garden"). La Brosse had also planned the publication of a "Collection of planters of the Jardin du Roi" accompanied by four hundred copper plates attributed to Abraham Bosse (1602–1676), but his death prevented La Brosse from achieving this. The heirs of Guy de La Brosse sold the copper plates to a boiler-maker for the weight of the metal. Guy-Crescent Fagon (1638–1718), successor to de La Brosse in the post of Supervisor of the Jardin du Roi, could, after much effort, only locate fifty of them. Eventually Sebastien Vaillant (1669–1722) and Antoine de Jussieu (1686–1758) supplied a collection of 24 specimens.
The Jardin du Roi is now known as the Jardin des Plantes (Garden of Plants).

## Works

* Traicté de la peste, fait par Guy de La Brosse,... avec les remèdes préservatifs (1623)
* Dessin du Jardin Royal pour la culture des plantes médicinales (1928)
* De la nature, vertu, et utilité des plantes (1628)
* Avis pour le Jardin royal des plantes (1931)
* L'ouverture du Jardin royal de Paris (1640)
# AnyJunk

AnyJunk is a man and van bulky waste collection company. It was established in October 2004 by ex-investment banker Jason Mohr.
Its head office is located in Putney, London. It diverts more than 94% of waste collected from landfill.
In 2011, AnyJunk advised the team for the BBC show The Apprentice, which involved contestants making money from junk removal. Mohr was an expert panellist on The Apprentice: You're Fired.
In March 2018, AnyJunk opened the London Stock Exchange for winning "Business of the Year" at the 2017 Annual Chamber Business Awards. Other awards won by AnyJunk include the CorporateLiveWire award for Innovation in Waste Disposal Service 2018 and 2019, the Most Useful Website 2018 for the GoodWebGuide, and British Chambers of Commerce award for Best Use of Technology 2017.
# Riz Maslen

Riz Maslen is an English electronic musician. During the mid-1990s, she worked with 4hero and Future Sound of London. After playing keyboards for the Beloved, she took out a loan, built a home studio and created her first albums there. In 1995, she signed as Neotropic under the label Ntone and soon after as Small Fish with Spine to Oxygen Music Works in New York. She continues to be a prominent figure in experimental electronic music.

## Discography
### Neotropic

* Tumble Weed EP - N-Tone - 1995
* 15 Levels of Magnification LP - N-Tone - 1995
* Laundrophonic EP - N-Tone - 1996
* 15 Levels of Magnification Remixes EP - N-Tone - 1997
* Ultra Freaky Orange EP - N-Tone - 1998
* Mr Brubaker's Strawberry Alarm Clock LP - N-Tone - 1998 (Fact Magazine ranked the album at 31 on its list of "The 50 Best Trip-Hop Albums of All Time" in 2015)
* La Prochaine Fois LP - N-Tone - 2001
* "Sunflower Girl" 7" - N-Tone - 2002
* White Rabbits LP - Mush - 2004
* Prestatyn EP - Council Folk Recordings - 2006
* Whiter Rabbits 2 x LP - Squids Eye Records - 2008
* Equestrienne LP - Council Folk Recordings - 2009

### Small Fish with Spine

* Stickleback EP - Oxide - 1996
* The Hilltop EP - Apollo - 1996
* Fugu EP - Oxide - 1996
* I Hate Your Remixes EP - Oxide - 1996
* Fugu Remixed EP - Oxide - 1996
* Ultimate Sushi LP - Oxide - 1999

### Remix work

Tracks by Mantronik, Low, Frank Chickens, Sky Crys Mary, DJ Food, Ekko, Mich Gerber, Skinny Puppy, Ulver, Thread, Fujiya & Miyagi and papercutz.

## Filmography

* Dish - written and directed by Meloni Poole, Film Four and Film Council. Shown at London Film Festival 2001 and competition at International Film Festivals.
* Remote Control - Kohoutek documentary at various film events around London.
* Murder in Paradise - documentary for Channel 4 broadcast early 2002.
* La Prochaine Fois - directed Riz Maslen, shown at Leeds film festival 2000, Pompidou Centre in Paris 2000 and Sundance Film Festival 2002.
* Vigilarie - Riz Maslen and Kaffe Matthews. A film about surveillance as part of the Future Sonic Festival in Manchester 2001, FutureSonic Tour 2004 Bristol / Birmingham / Liverpool.

### Videogame work

Maslen also provided vocals to the Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories soundtrack.
# Ann Sophia Towne Darrah

Ann Sophia Towne Darrah (1819–1881) was an American painter who often depicted the White Mountains of New Hampshire.

## Biography

Darrah was born in 1819 in Philadelphia. She was a student of Paul Weber.
Her work was included in the 1858 New Bedford Art Exhibition organized by the landscape painter Albert Bierstadt. From 1855 to 1864 Darrah exhibited in group exhibitions at the Boston Athenæum. From 1856 to 1867 she also exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
Darrah died in 1881.

## Legacy

In 1882 the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, held a memorial exhibition of her work.
Darrah's work was included as part of a historical retrospective on American art in the Palace of Fine Arts at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

## Gallery

* Mount Washington from Saco River, 1857
* Mount Chocorua and Saco River from North Conway, 1856
# Robert L. Millender Sr.

Robert L. Millender Sr. (1916–1978) was an attorney, a rights activist in the city of Detroit and political campaigner, best known for his drive to improve the representation of African Americans in political leadership.

## Biography

As a young attorney Robert Millender forged and successfully ran the political campaigns of a great many African-American politicians. Most noted are former Secretary of State Richard Austin, Congressman John Conyers and Mayor Coleman Young.
The University of Rochester Millender Fellowship was established in memory of Robert. L. Millender. Wayne State University runs the Robert L. and Louise Millender Memorial Lecture. In early 1980s the Millender Center was named in honor of Robert Millender's contributions to Detroit.
# Beriáin

Beriain is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.
# Flutie

Flutie may refer to the following:
* Doug Flutie (b. 1962), a retired American football and Canadian football quarterback who played in both the NFL and the CFL.
** Hail Flutie, a famous college football game between Boston College and the University of Miami on 23 November 1984, in which Doug Flutie threw an unlikely pass to win the game for Boston College.
** Flutie Effect, a phenomenon whereby a successful sports team increases the prominence of a university, in reference to a large increase in applications to Boston College in the year following the "Hail Flutie" game.
** Flutie Flakes, a brand of cereal created in 1998 during Doug Flutie's first season with the Buffalo Bills.
** Flutie Fruities, a brand of fruit snacks created in 2001 during Doug Flutie's first season with the San Diego Chargers.
* Darren Flutie (b. 1966), a retired Canadian football wide receiver who played in the CFL, and the brother of Doug Flutie.
* Principal Robert "Bob" Flutie, a minor character in the first season of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, played by Ken Lerner.
* Tuttie Flutie, a 1980 jazz album recorded by the Toshiko Akiyoshi Trio with a flute quartet
# Robert Nataf

Robert Nataf is a French chemist and the director and founder of the Laboratoire Philippe Auguste in Paris, known for his controversial 2006 study proposing an association between childhood autism and environmental toxins, particularly mercury. Nataf has promoted the notion that mercury toxicity may be a cause of autism at various conferences, such as at the United States Autism and Asperger Association's annual conference. He has also, along with Mark Geier, conducted further research regarding the potential link between mercury toxicity and autism, as manifested in differences in the levels of certain urinary porphyrins. However, Kevin Leitch of the blog LeftBrainRightBrain has questioned Nataf's research, arguing that precoproporphyrin levels were not, as Nataf had assumed in his 2006 paper, necessarily indicative of mercury toxicity. Other critics have noted that Laboratoire Auguste Philippe sells porphyrin tests and that Nataf therefore may have a conflict of interest.

## Education

Nataf received his MD from Paris Diderot University.