OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reinhold Rau

Reinhold Eugen Rau (7 February 1932 – 11 February 2006) was a German natural historian who initiated the Quagga Project in South Africa, which aims to re-breed the extinct quagga, a sub-species of zebra.
Rau was born in Friedrichsdorf, Germany, and trained as a taxidermist at the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt, joining the South African Museum in Cape Town in 1959. Rau was initially part of a team of seven taxidermists working at the museum. Although principally known for his work on quaggas, Rau also rediscovered a species of tortoise which had been thought extinct.
Rau continued to work at the South African Museum following his retirement; he died on February 11, 2006, at his home in Cape Town.

## Quaggas

Rau's interest in quaggas began in 1969, when he re-mounted a quagga foal at the South African Museum. In 1971, Rau visited museums across Europe, and ultimately examined 22 of the world's 23 quagga specimens. Dried tissue samples from the skin of the South African Museum's quagga foal, together with additional tissue samples from the two Mainz quaggas that he re-mounted in 1980/81, formed the basis of the DNA analyses that led to the discovery that the Quagga was a subspecies of the Plains Zebra, not a distinct species. This led to Rau founding the Quagga Project, an attempt to re-breed the extinct Quagga.
Rau's quest to rebreed the Quagga is said to have provided inspiration for Michael Crichton's 1990 novel Jurassic Park.
In 2000, the Cape Tercentenary Foundation awarded Rau the Molteno Medal for lifetime services to nature conservation in the Cape.
In 2013, Khumba, an animated movie about a quagga, was dedicated to Rau's memory.

## Works

* Hulley, P. Alexander; Rau, Reinhold E. (5 December 1969). "A female Regalecus glesne from Cape Province, South Africa". Copeia. 1969 (4): 835. doi:10.2307/1441807. JSTOR 1441807.
* Rau, R.E. (1974). "Revised list of the preserved material of the extinct cape colony quagga, Equus quagga quagga (Gmelin)". Annals of the South African Museum. 65 (2): 41–87. ISSN 0303-2515.
* Rau, R.E. (1978). "Additions to the revised list of preserved material of the extinct Cape Colony quagga and notes on the relationship and distribution of southern plains zebras". Annals of the South African Museum. 77 (2): 27–45. ISSN 0303-2515.
* Rau, Reinhold Eugen (1990). "Quagga experimental breeding project". In Reed, David W. (ed.). Spirit of Enterprise: The 1990 Rolex Awards. Bern: Buri. pp. 434-436. ISBN 9783716921036.
* Rau, R. (1997). "Does the taxonomy of the quagga really need to be reconsidered?". South African Journal of Science. 93: 67–68. ISSN 0038-2353.
# Ross Cuthbert

Ross Cuthbert may refer to:
* Ross Cuthbert (politician) (1776–1861), Canadian writer, lawyer and politician
* Ross Cuthbert (ice hockey) (1892–1971), Canadian-born British ice hockey player
# Batrachedra epimyxa

Batrachedra epimyxa is a moth in the family Batrachedridae. It is found in India.
# Glyphodes grandisalis

Glyphodes grandisalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1902. It is found in Venezuela and Ecuador.
# Euryparyphes

Euryparyphes is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pamphagidae. Euryparyphes is the type species of its tribe and species have been recorded from southern Europe and North Africa.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists:
* Euryparyphes atlasicus La Greca, 1993
* Euryparyphes bolivarii (Stål, 1876)
* Euryparyphes breviphallus La Greca, 1993
* Euryparyphes cinerascens La Greca, 1993
* Euryparyphes defauti La Greca, 1993
* Euryparyphes flexuosus Uvarov, 1927
* Euryparyphes gharbensis Defaut, 1987
* Euryparyphes laetus (Bolívar, 1907)
* Euryparyphes mamorensis Defaut, 1987
* Euryparyphes maroccanus (Saussure, 1887)
* Euryparyphes minor Chobanov & Massa, 2022
* Euryparyphes nigripes La Greca, 1993
* Euryparyphes paraflexuosus La Greca, 1993
* Euryparyphes pictipes Uvarov, 1927
* Euryparyphes rungsi Massa, 2013
* Euryparyphes sitifensis (Brisout de Barneville, 1854)
* Euryparyphes tazzekensis La Greca, 1993
* Euryparyphes terrulentus (Serville, 1838) - type species (as Porthetis terrulenta Serville)
# Ernest P. Young

Ernest P. Young is an American historian who focused his research on the politics and international relations of China in the late 19th and early 20th century China. He taught at the University of Michigan from 1968 to 2002, and became the Richard Hudson Professor of History in 1998.

## Biography

Young earned an A.B and PhD in History and Far Eastern Languages at Harvard University in 1965. Young worked as a professor of oriental history at Dartmouth College and as assistant to Edwin O. Reischauer, the US Ambassador to Japan. Young moved to the University of Michigan in 1968, was promoted to professor in 1974, and was appointed the Richard Hudson Professor of History in 1998. He retired in 2002 to become an emeritus professor.
His marriage to foreign policy expert Marilyn B. Young, a professor at New York University, ended in divorce. He later remarried M. Brady Mikusko, a life coach and mediator.

## Academic career

Young's publications ranged from Yuan Shikai's presidency to the French imperialist project supporting the Catholic Church in China, and Sino-Japanese relations.
During the Vietnam War, his travel to Japan to interview a group of American anti-war deserters known as "The Intrepid Four" made headlines.

## Works

* Young, Ernest P. (1977). The presidency of Yuan Shih-k'ai. University of Michigan Press.
* Lieberthal, Kenneth; Lin, Shuen-fu; Young, Ernest P., eds. (1997). Constructing China: The Interaction of Culture and Economics. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-89264-121-5.
* Young, Ernest P. (2013). Ecclesiastical Colony: China's Catholic Church and the French Religious Protectorate. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-992462-2.

## References and further reading

"Memoir: Ernest P. Young", Faculty History Project, University of Michigan, 2011
# Falak music

Falak (literally "heaven," "fate," "universe") is a style of music native to the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, particularly the Badakhshan region of northeastern Afghanistan, southeastern Tajikistan, and northern Pakistan. Falak lyrics can involve religious-mystical themes of divine love, separation and reunion (often drawn from Persian Sufi poetry), or secular and melancholy lyrics of human love and suffering.

## Music theory

Falak music is generally in a descending scale, with a limited range often limited to a hexachord (six notes).

## Instrumentation

Falak may be sung a cappella, accompanied by instruments, or instrumental. Falak instruments include the ghijak (spike fiddle), nay (Persian flute), and dombura (long-necked lute), as well as percussion instruments.
# Anson Northup

Anson Northup (possibly Anson Northrup) was a 100-horsepower (75 kW) sternwheel riverboat named for her captain who was the first to navigate the Red River of the North from Fort Abercrombie, Dakota Territory, to Fort Garry, Rupert's Land, departing 6 June and arriving 10 June 1859. Sold and renamed Pioneer, she sank during the winter of 1861–62. Pioneer was dismantled and her boiler reused by SS Colvile.
The new Anson Northrup is a riverboat that normally offers tours in the Twin Cities area on the Mississippi River. The boat was built in Louisiana and is operated by Padelford Packet Boat Company. In 2004, the boat participated in the Grand Excursion, which ran from the Quad Cities of Iowa to the Twin Cities.
# Renzo Arbore

Lorenzo Giovanni "Renzo" Arbore Knight Grand Cross OMRI (Italian pronunciation:; born 24 June 1937) is an Italian television host, singer, actor and film director.

## Career

Arbore became nationally recognized as radio anchor man, together with Gianni Boncompagni, in the late 1960s, with shows such as Bandiera gialla (1965), Per voi giovani (1967), Alto Gradimento (1970), increasingly marked by their ironical approach which later became one of their brands. He debuted in Italian television with Speciale per voi (1969–1970), which included debates about singers of that age. His first great TV success was the surreal L'altra domenica ("The Other Sunday", 1976–1979), in which he launched numerous comedians including Mario Marenco, Isabella Rossellini and Roberto Benigni. Also very successful were Quelli della notte (1985), with Nino Frassica, Riccardo Pazzaglia, Maurizio Ferrini, and Roberto D'Agostino, and Indietro tutta!(1988), again with Frassica, which established Arbore as one of the most intelligent and cult figures of Italian televisions.
In the meantime Arbore wrote and directed the movies Il pap'occhio (1980) and "FF.SS." – Cioè: "...che mi hai portato a fare sopra a Posillipo se non mi vuoi più bene?" (1983), both surreal stories featuring numerous actors launched by him and others friends (including Luciano De Crescenzo, Benigni, Rossellini and many others), set in his adoptive city of Naples. Arbore also played and sang in numerous of his shows, notably in Quelli della Notte and Indietro tutta!, whose music albums sold hundreds of thousand copies in Italy.
An apt amateur clarinet player, in 1991 Arbore founded the Orchestra Italiana, a group of 15 artists with the aim to popularize Neapolitan music worldwide. The orchestra has toured in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. He was also director of the Umbria Jazz festival. His latest TV show is Speciale per me – Meno siamo, meglio stiamo! on Rai Uno.
Recently, he received the 2010 America Award from the Italy-USA Foundation. In July 2010, Arbore received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music. The award was presented at the 25th anniversary of the Umbria Jazz Clinics.

## Honour

* Italy: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (3 december 2021)
# American Concerto

The American Concerto is a trumpet concerto written by the American composer Ellen Taaffe Zwilich. The work was commissioned by the California Center for the Arts, Escondido, the San Diego Symphony, the Virginia Symphony Orchestra, the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, and the trumpeter Doc Severinsen, to whom it is dedicated. The piece was completed in New York on June 12, 1994, and was given its world premiere by Doc Severinsen and the San Diego Symphony under the direction of JoAnn Falletta in Escondido, California, on September 24, 1994.

## Composition

The American Concerto cast in a single movement and has a performance duration of approximately 15 minutes. Zwilich titled the concerto thus, in part, "to pay tribute to the distinctive and virile style of American brass playing exemplified by Doc Severinsen." In the score program note, the composer elaborated, "Unlike his or her European counterparts, the American brass player typically has had a broad background encompassing orchestral, band and jazz idioms. This lends a special vitality and versatility to the playing and offers remarkable inspiration to a composer. My American Concerto celebrates this marriage of the visceral and exciting to the majestic and uplifting."

### Instrumentation

The music is scored for a solo trumpet and a large orchestra consisting of piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, two clarinets, bass clarinet, bassoon, contrabassoon, four horns, two trumpets, two trombones, bass trombone, tuba, timpani, two percussionists, and strings.

## Reception

The American Concerto has been generally praised by music critics. Reviewing the first performance by the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, Herman Trotter of The Buffalo News wrote, "The music seldom stands still. Predominantly nervous and energetic, it dances around, always moving from one type of expression to another with very natural transitions. But despite this mercurial character of the lyric line, there is a strong feeling of organic unity holding all the elements together." Reviewing the first performance by the Virginia Symphony Orchestra, David Nicholson of the Daily Press similarly observed, "Instead of long melodic lines and sweeping orchestration, the concerto featured brilliant blasts from the trumpet over powerful, agitated undercurrents created by the orchestra." He continued, "The work possessed a tremendous amount of drama, with high-pitched sounds from the trumpet and pounding rhythms from the percussion section. Zwilich's use of different tempos created a relentless feeling that drove the work forward."
Anne Midgette of The New York Times was slightly more critical, however, remarking, "The trumpet concerto was an able piece that moved through its entire course sounding at every moment as if something were just about to happen, with a sense of building climaxes or impending adagios. But it never quite delivered on its promise, seeming finally to be a collection of gestures rather than a fully satisfying continuum."
# Boamah

Boamah is a surname of Akan origin meaning 'helper of nations'. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edward Omane Boamah (fl. 2001), Ghanaian politician
* Patrick Yaw Boamah (b. 1974), Ghanaian politician
# Anderson, Cass County, Illinois

Anderson is an unincorporated community in Cass County, Illinois, United States.
# Rząśnik

Rząśnik may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Rząśnik, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Rząśnik, Ostrów Mazowiecka County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Rząśnik, Wyszków County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
# Blome

Blome is a surname of:
* Fanny Blomé (born 1990) is a Swedish model
* Gert Blomé (born 1934), Swedish ice hockey player
* Heinz-Jürgen Blome (1946–2012) German football player
* Kurt Blome (1894–1969), German scientist
* Nikolaus Blome (born 1963), German journalist
* Richard Blome (1635–1705), British publisher and cartographer
* Blome (composer), 15th-century English composer
# 21 Ranchhouse

21 Ranchhouse, located at 7570 Waha Road near Lewiston in Nez Perce County, Idaho, is a Queen Anne-style house built in 1886. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
It is a 3-story house with a wraparound shed-roofed porch. A gambrel roofed frame barn built in 1921 is to the north.
The house is prominent, visible from several miles away, and is a local landmark.
# Andersen's fruit-eating bat

Andersen's fruit-eating bat (Dermanura anderseni) is a bat species found in South America.

## Taxonomy and etymology

It was described as a new species in 1916 by American zoologist Wilfred Hudson Osgood. The holotype had been collected in 1915 by "R. H. Becker" (likely Osgood's assistant Robert Becker) in Porto Velho, Brazil. The eponym for the species name "anderseni" is Danish mammalogist Knud Andersen. The classification of Dermanura and Artibeus has been a topic of debate, though there has been genetic and morphological evidence to reclassify the species as Artibeus aequatorialis.

## Description

It is a relatively small species of bat, with a forearm length of 34–36 mm (1.3–1.4 in). Its fur is dark brown on both its dorsal and ventral sides. Individuals weigh 8–12 g (0.28–0.42 oz). Its dental formula is 2.1.2.22.1.2.2 for a total of 28 teeth. It has indistinct facial stripes.

## Biology and ecology

It is one of relatively few species of bats that constructs "tents" out of leaves for roosting. It is likely frugivorous.
It is found in several countries in South America, including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It has been found at elevations up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above sea level.

## Conservation

As of 2016, it is evaluated as least concern by the IUCN.
# Blood Money (TV series)

Blood Money is a British television serial written by Arden Winch and produced by the BBC in 1981.
The series starred Michael Denison as Captain Percival, an operative of British Special Intelligence, who works with Scotland Yard to solve the kidnapping of the young son of the Administrator General of the United Nations by a terrorist cell. As originally written (under the title "Blood Royal"), the kidnapped child was a member of the Royal Family called Prince Rupert, but after objections by the real Royals, the character was changed.
The six-part serial was produced by Gerard Glaister, previously responsible for the Second World War drama series Secret Army. Blood Money also reunited a number of former Secret Army cast members – Bernard Hepton played the Chief Superintendent of the anti terrorist squad with Daniel Hill as Insp. Danny Clark, a brilliant linguist. Daniel Hill had also appeared in 2 episodes of Secret Army as two different characters, the last one directed by Michael E Briant. Juliet Hammond-Hill and Stephen Yardley also appeared as two of the terrorists.
The character of Captain Percival later appeared in two more BBC thriller serials – Skorpion in 1983, involving the pursuit of an assassin in Scotland, and Cold Warrior in 1984, an eight-part collection of individual stories which also starred Daniel Hill and Jack McKenzie.

## Cast

* Michael Denison – Captain Aubrey Percival
* Bernard Hepton – Det. Chief Supt. Meadows
* Juliet Hammond-Hill – Irene Kohl
* Gary Whelan – Danny Connors
* Stephen Yardley – James Drew
* Cavan Kendall – Charles Vivian
* Daniel Hill – Insp. Clark
* Anna Mottram – WPC Barratt
* Reg Woods – Det. Sgt. Summers
* Jack McKenzie – Det. Insp. Perry
* Dean Harris – Sgt. Danny Quirk
* Grant Warnock – Viscount Rupert Fitzcharles
# Andinodontis

Andinodontis is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are at least four described species in Andinodontis.

## Species

These four species belong to the genus Andinodontis:
* Andinodontis guzzettii Toledano & Erwin, 2010 (Bolivia)
* Andinodontis maveetyae Erwin & Maddison, 2010 (Peru)
* Andinodontis moreti Erwin & Toledano, 2010 (Ecuador)
* Andinodontis muellermotzfeldi Toledano & Erwin, 2010 (Ecuador)
# Andrea De Marchi

Andrea De Marchi may refer to:
* Andrea De Marchi (rugby union, born 1988)
* Andrea De Marchi (rugby union, born 1992)
# Hardeman (surname)

Hardeman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bailey Hardeman (1795–1836), American lawyer and politician
* Buddy Hardeman (born 1954), American football player
* Don Hardeman (1952–2016), American football player
* Dorsey B. Hardeman (1902–1992), American politician, lawyer and businessman
* Ernie Hardeman (born 1947), Canadian politician
* Gary Hardeman (born 1950), Australian rules footballer
* N. B. Hardeman (1874–1965), American educator
* Rachel Hardeman, American public health academic
* Thomas Hardeman Jr. (1825–1891), American politician, lawyer and Confederate States Army officer
* William Polk Hardeman (1816–1898), Confederate States Army general
# Rəstəcə

Rəstəcə (also, Rastadzha) is a village and municipality in the Ujar Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,069.
# Harry Trusted

Sir Harry Herbert Trusted QC (27 June 1888 – 8 December 1985) was a British colonial Attorney-General and Chief Justice.

## Education

Trusted was educated at Ellesmere College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He studied law at the Inner Temple, but joined the Middle Temple on 31 January 1911, withdrawing Middle Temple in 1913.

## Career

Trusted was called to the bar in 1911 at Inner Temple and served overseas in the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry during the First World War (1914–1918).
In 1925 he was appointed a Puisne Judge in the Leeward Islands Supreme Court, becoming Attorney-General in 1927. In 1929 he was transferred to be Attorney-General of Cyprus.
From 1932 to 1936 he served as Attorney-General of the British Mandate for Palestine, then replaced Michael McDonnell as Chief Justice in 1936. As Chief Justice he is remembered for granting additional powers to the Bedouin Tribal Courts on condition they abandoned the practice of ordeal by fire (Bish'a).
In 1941 he moved to be Chief Justice of the Federated Malay States, which lasted until 1946. For much of that time he was a Prisoner of War of the invading Japanese army.
In 1948 he chaired a Commission of Inquiry into the anti-Jewish riots in the British Protectorate of Aden.

## Personal life

Trusted was born in Birmingham, the only son of the Rev. Wilson Trusted of Salisbury in 1888.
He had married Mary Warmington, daughter of Sir Marshall Warmington, 1st Baronet. They had 2 sons and 3 daughters. His son John Marshall Trusted died at 21.
He died in Surrey in 1985.

## Honour

Trusted was knighted in 1938.
# Harry Tunstill

Harry Tunstill (19 November 1852 - 11 May 1928) was a wealthy mill-owner from Lancashire, England.

## Early life and family

Harry Tunstill was born on 19 November 1852 to William and Mary Tunstill. He was Christened at Barrowford, Lancashire, which was also his place of residence.
Tunstill married Margaret Ecroyd in 1879, the daughter of a cotton manufacturer in East Lancashire. They lived at Oak Lodge, in the Little Marsden area of Nelson, where their first three children were all born. These were Mary Cicely (February 1880), Harry Gilbert (August 1881) and Margaret Farrer (known as "Meta") (1884). They subsequently moved to Montford Hall, near Fence, where the couple had five more daughters, Edith Dorothea ("Dolly"), Rosamond, Alice Ecroyd, Gertrude Adelaide (Gertie) and Constance Sybil (Sybil). Gertrude married the physician William Pickles in 1917.

## Career

Harry Tunstill joined the family firm of Tunstill Brothers which owned a number of cotton mills and employed around 1,500 people, working with his father William Tunstill (died 1903) and his brother Robert (1860-1902). After their deaths, Harry became the sole owner of the business which was incorporated in 1904 as Brierfield Mills Limited. His co-directors were W.H. Hartley and J.W. Fyson. At that time the company owned two spinning mills and three weaving sheds.

## Death

Tunstill died 11 May 1928. His address at the time of his death was Thornton Lodge, Thornton Rust near Aysgarth, North Yorkshire. He left an estate of £160,268 (the equivalent of £12.2 million as of 2024).
# Frederic Fox

Frederic Ewing Fox (August 19, 1917 – February 20, 1981) is known as the only man to hold the title “Keeper of Princetoniana" at Princeton University, and also served as a Special Assistant in the White House, and as Staff Assistant to President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
He was born in Stamford, Connecticut, attended schools in Scarsdale, New York and Asheville, North Carolina, and received his degree from Princeton University in 1939. In 1941 he enlisted in the U.S. Army and served in the European Theater of Operations under General Dwight D. Eisenhower as a captain in the Signal Corps until 1945. After being honorably discharged he attended the Union Theological Seminary and Defiance College. He went on to become pastor of four Congregational Churches in Arizona, New York, Ohio and Massachusetts.
He was brought to the attention of President Eisenhower through his articles in The New York Times on American community life. In 1956 he became a Special Assistant in the White House; and from 1957 to January 1961 he served as Staff Assistant to the President. In 1964 he became the Recording Secretary at Princeton University and served in that position until 1981.
# Harris & Jacoby

Harris & Jacoby was a retail enterprise of Leopold Harris and the Jacoby Bros. in the 1870s in Los Angeles. For further information, see:
* Leopold Harris
* Jacoby Bros.