OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alessandro Lustig

Alessandro Lustig or Alessandro Lustig Piacezzi (5 May 1857 – 23 September 1937) was an Austrian-Italian pathologist who worked on a number of infectious diseases and their management. He developed approaches to boost immunity against plague, worked on approaches in the management of malaria and established the Institute of General Experimental Pathology and Bacteriology at the Royal University of Florence in 1923. He served as a senator from 1911, holding important positions in several universities.

## Early life and education

Lustig was born in Trieste, then a part of the Austrian empire, to the Jewish family of Maurizio and Regina (Anna) Segrè and after receiving education locally, he joined the University of Vienna to study medicine. He studied physiology under Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke and after receiving his degree in 1883 worked at Innsbruck. He moved to Turin and obtained a medical degree, studying under Giulio Bizzozero, after which he worked at the local Mauriziano hospital and established a laboratory there. Here he examined cholera during an outbreak in 1886.

## Career

He became a professor of pathology at the University of Cagliari in 1889, moving to Florence the next year working chiefly on infectious diseases, bacteriology, and immunology. Along with his students Gino Galeotti and Giovanni Polverini, he worked on the induction of an immune response to the toxins obtained from plague bacilli around 1897. This led to a visit to Bombay as part of a British-Italian team to examine cures for the plague. They extracted serum by injecting and immunizing horses. The resulting prophylactic effects against the plague were examined in trials conducted by Nasarwanji Hormusji Choksy.
Lustig's early work was on histology and physiology of nerves and muscles. He also made studies on the embryological development of olfactory epithelium, the etiology of goitre and acetonuria. During World War I, he served as a field doctor, working on measures against cholera and typhus. He later studied mainly infectious diseases and was involved in a number of public health committees. He travelled to Turkey, Argentina, Brazil and several other places.
Lustig became an Italian citizen in 1891. He married Linda Piacezzi in 1915 and changed his surname. He retired in 1932 and died at Marina di Pietrasanta, Lucca. He received several honours including the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy (1924) and Grand Cordon of the Order of SS. Maurizio and Lazzaro (1933).
# Grothendieck trace theorem

In functional analysis, the Grothendieck trace theorem is an extension of Lidskii's theorem about the trace and the determinant of a certain class of nuclear operators on Banach spaces, the so-called ${\tfrac {2}{3}}$-nuclear operators. The theorem was proven in 1955 by Alexander Grothendieck. Lidskii's theorem does not hold in general for Banach spaces.
The theorem should not be confused with the Grothendieck trace formula from algebraic geometry.

## Grothendieck trace theorem

Given a Banach space $(B,\|\cdot \|)$ with the approximation property and denote its dual as $B'$.

### ⅔-nuclear operators

Let $A$ be a nuclear operator on $B$, then $A$ is a ${\tfrac {2}{3}}$-nuclear operator if it has a decomposition of the form $A=\sum \limits _{k=1}^{\infty }\varphi _{k}\otimes f_{k}$ where $\varphi _{k}\in B$ and $f_{k}\in B'$ and $\sum \limits _{k=1}^{\infty }\|\varphi _{k}\|^{2/3}\|f_{k}\|^{2/3}<\infty .$

### Grothendieck's trace theorem

Let $\lambda _{j}(A)$ denote the eigenvalues of a ${\tfrac {2}{3}}$-nuclear operator $A$ counted with their algebraic multiplicities. If $\sum \limits _{j}|\lambda _{j}(A)|<\infty$ then the following equalities hold: $\operatorname {tr} A=\sum \limits _{j}|\lambda _{j}(A)|$ and for the Fredholm determinant $\operatorname {det} (I+A)=\prod \limits _{j}(1+\lambda _{j}(A)).$
# 72 Pegasi

72 Pegasi is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Pegasus. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 4.97. The system is located approximately 550 light years away from the Sun, based on parallax, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −25 km/s.
This is a visual binary with an orbital period of roughly 492 years and an eccentricity of 0.32. The two stars are relatively similar and are about twice the mass of the Sun each. The primary star, 72 Pegasi A, is an evolved K-type giant with a visual magnitude of 5.67. The companion, 72 Pegasi B, is another K-type giant with an apparent magnitude of 6.11, and a separation of about 0.568″ from the primary. 72 Pegasi B is thought to be a binary itself, with a brown dwarf companion in a 4.2-year period.
# Sceptobius dispar

Sceptobius dispar is a species of rove beetle in the family Staphylinidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Beardstown, Indiana

Beardstown is an unincorporated community in Franklin Township, Pulaski County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Beardstown was founded in 1901, and took its name from Beardstown, Illinois. A post office was established at Beardstown in 1903, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1905.
# Gavinane

Gavinane is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Nioro du Sahel in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. In 1998 the commune had a population of 21,986.
# Bağlıçay, Gürün

Bağlıçay is a village in the Gürün District of Sivas Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Alhas and Kurecik tribes and had a population of 115 in 2023.
# Greta Gray

Greta Gray was an American architect, home economist, and academic. She was born September 30, 1880, in Covington, Kentucky and died January 18, 1961, in Cathedral City, California. She is noted as the most progressive early writer on the domestic environment.

## Education

Greta Gray earned her Bachelor of Science in architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1901. During her time at MIT she was one of 24 members of Eta Sigma Mu, the first club for women students at MIT. The intention of the club was to “organize a society for the promotion of a more cordial fellow feeling among the women students for a mutual social benefit.” Eta Sigma Mu, later renamed to The Cleofan, recruited members by writing to women who intended to become students over the summer months.
After completing her degree at MIT, Gray worked in the field of architecture and design for 9 years, including a year of travel and study in Europe. She then went on to complete a preparatory course in education at the State Normal School in Cheney, Washington. In 1914, she graduated from the teachers college at Columbia University with a Master of Arts. In 1926, she attended and received a Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health from Yale University.

## Career

After receiving her Master of Arts from Columbia University, Greta taught at the University of Illinois, Kansas State Teachers College, the University of Wyoming, Johns Hopkins University, Washington State University, the University of California, and Columbia University.
In 1918, Greta Gray became Professor of Home Economics and chairman of the department at the University of Wyoming. Upon completing her Doctor of Philosophy, she became a professor at the University of Nebraska, going on to accept an associate professorship at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1928, which she held for 21 years. She held the position of Chairman of the Department of Home Economics at UCLA for six years.

## Publications

During her time at UCLA, Greta published House and Home: A manual and textbook of house planning which featured an article from Richard J. Neutra. The book outlines four phases of shelter development; sanitary, economic, social, and architectural in an "elementary, and non-technical way" with the goal of further study of the subject by its readers.
Gray also published many journal articles that span the subjects of housing needs, clothing, and overall health. Perhaps the most notable of these publications is Convenient Kitchens, published by the USDA, which explores the architecture of kitchens, giving suggestions as to their design.
Among Gray's notes appears this statement:
   It is difficult to find outlets for studies in family economics and other lines in which I am interested, so I have written more that is unpublished than has been published. The other day while going through my files I found a dozen or more I had not previously discarded. Among them were: 'A Thirty-Year Financial History of a Los Angeles Family' and a study of 'Consumption and Production on Small Acreage Homesteads near Los Angeles.
# Green Scouts

Green Scouts can refer to:
* Green Scouting
* De grønne pigespejdere (The Green Girl Guides), \member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts via Pigespejdernes Fællesråd Danmark. The word green refers to the colour of the Guides' uniforms, and is not a political statement.
* Abkhazian Green Scouts Youth Organization, Abkhazia, Georgia
* Global Movement of Green Scouts, New Delhi, India
# Gregor Meyle

Gregor Meyle (born 13 October 1978) is a German singer-songwriter. He first rose to prominence when he auditioned for the talent contest TV Total, hosted in Stefan Raab's late-night-show TV total in late-2007, eventually finishing in second place behind Stefanie Heinzmann.
Meyle achieved even more public recognition when he participated in the reality television series Sing meinen Song – Das Tauschkonzert in 2014, the German version of The Best Singers series. In April 2020, Meyle was infected with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). This led to a two-week interruption of the German show The Masked Singer, in which Meyle was a contestant.

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of albums, with selected chart positions and certifications :
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
| Title | Details | GER | AUT | SWI | Certifications |
| So soll es sein | Released: 2008 | 8 | 26 | 31 | |
| Meylenweit | Released: 2010 | 46 | 71 | — | |
| Meile für Meyle | Released: 2012 | 9 | 5 | 11 | BVMI: Gold |
| New York – Stintino | Released: 2014 | 5 | 4 | 6 | BVMI: Gold |
| Die Leichtigkeit des Seins | Released: 2016 | 13 | 11 | 39 | |
| Hätt' auch anders kommen können | Released: 2018 | 11 | 20 | 35 | |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. ||||||
# Beijing Gymnasium

Beijing Gymnasium is an indoor arena located in Dongcheng District, Beijing, which consists of a main competition hall, a practice hall, and a swimming pool. Built in 1954 with the aid of Soviet architects, it is the first multi-purpose indoor stadium built after the founding of People's Republic of China. It was the venue for badminton competition of 1990 Asian Games. It has been serving as the Fitness Center of National Sports Training Center since 2009.

## Government usage

Beijing Gymnasium is used for meeting foreign dignitaries before the construction of Great Hall of the People. It is reported that He Long has his office here, with a red telephone that is directly connected to Zhongnanhai.
# Beijing Haidian International School

Beijing Haidian International School (Haiwai; Chinese: 北京市海淀国际学校) is an international school in Beijing, China. The school, established by Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School, serves up to Year 12.
# Belentepe, Musabeyli

Belentepe, historically Şiraz, is a village in the Musabeyli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 142 in 2022.
In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 15 houses inhabited by Turks.
# Fin de Siglo

Fin de Siglo (End of Century) (1998) is the fifteenth studio album by Mexican rock and blues band El Tri. The most successful single was "Nostalgia" a song about the generational circle completing with the end of century. The band count with the participation of famous singer-songwriter and producer Andres Calamaro.

## Track listing

All tracks by Alex Lora except where noted.
* "Todo Me Sale Mal" (Everything I Do Comes Out Wrong) – 3:42
* "Nostalgia" – 4:27
* "El Voceador" (The Newspaper Vendor) – 4:22
* "El Futuro del Mundo" (The Future of the World) – 5:13
* "Quién Da Un Peso Por Mis Sueños" (Who Gives a Dime for My Dreams) (Armando Manzanero) – 3:06
* "Cásate o Muérete" (Marry or Die) – 5:45
* "Gandalla" (Swine) – 2:42
* "El Blues del Taxista" (The Cabdriver's Blues) – 3:14
* "El Viagra" – 3:32
* "No Hay Pedo" (Slang for "No Problem") – 2:32
* "Amarga Navidad" (Bitter Christmas) – 5:23
* "Todo Se Vale" (Everything Goes) (Lora, Carlos Carvajal) – 4:54
* "Cotorreando Con la Banda" (Chatting Up with the Band) – 4:18
* "Razas Gemelas" (Twin Races) (Lora, Eduardo Chico) – 3:08

## Personnel

* Alex Lora – bass, vocals, producer, mixing
* Rafael Salgado – harmonic
* Eduardo Chico – guitar
* Oscar Zarate – guitar
* Chela Lora – backing vocals, concept, vocals in "Gandalla"
* Lalo Toral – piano
* Ramon Perez – drums
* Sergio Rivero – photography
* Andres Calamaro – vocals in "Casate o Muerete"

### Technical personnel

* John Hendrickson – mixing, mixing assistant, percussion
* Jean B. Smith – engineer, mixing
* Juan Carlos Paz y Puente – A&R
* Maricela Valencia – Coordination
# Grevillea pinifolia

Grevillea pinifolia, commonly known as the pine-leaved grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to a restricted area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, mounded shrub with linear, more or less cylindrical leaves and red to orange-red flowers.

## Description

Greville pinifolia is a low, mounded shrub that typically grows to a height of 30–60 cm (12–24 in) and has many branches. Its leaves are linear, more or less cylindrical, 25–50 mm (0.98–1.97 in) long and 0.5–0.7 mm (0.020–0.028 in) wide. The edges of the leaves are rolled under to the mid-vein with two longitudinal grooves either side. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups of up to 4 in leaf axils, on a woolly-hairy rachis 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long and are red to orange-red and shaggy- to silky-hairy, the pistil 7.5–8.5 mm (0.30–0.33 in) long. Flowering occurs from July to October and the fruit is an oval follicle about 10 mm (0.39 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Grevillea pinifolia was first formally described in 1856 by Carl Meissner in de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis from specimens collected in the Swan River Colony by James Drummond. The specific epithet (pinifolia) means "pine-leaved".

## Distribution and habitat

Pine-leaved grevillea grows in shrubland and is restricted to a small area between Eneabba and Bindi Bindi in the Avon Wheatbelt bioregion of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

This grevillea is listed as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.
# Belder

Belder is a surname.
* Bas Belder (born 1946), Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament
* Dylan De Belder (born 1992), Belgian footballer
* Pieter-Jan Belder (born 1966), Dutch instrumentalist in historically informed performance, playing recorder, harpsichord and fortepiano
* Rikki Belder (born 1993), Australian Track Cyclist
# Bel-Air station

Bel-Air station could refer to:
* Bel-Air station (Paris Métro), a station on the Paris Métro
* Bel-Air LEB railway station, a railway station in Switzerland
* Belair railway station, a railway station in Australia
# Bel-Aire, Calgary

Bel-Aire is a residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is located east of the Glenmore Reservoir and the Elbow River and west of the community of Meadowlark Park and Chinook Center and north of the neighbourhood of Mayfair. The Calgary Country Club golf course makes up its northern boundary.
Bel-Aire was annexed to the City of Calgary in 1954 and was established as a neighbourhood in 1960. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 11 councillor.

## Demographics

In the City of Calgary's 2012 municipal census, Bel-Aire had a population of 424 living in 159 dwellings, a -5.6% increase from its 2011 population of 449. With a land area of 0.3 km$^2$ (0.12 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,410/km$^2$ (3,700/sq mi) in 2012.
Residents in this community had a median household income of $138,124 in 2000, and there were no low income residents living in the neighbourhood. As of 2000, 13.5% of the residents were immigrants. All buildings were single-family detached homes, and none of the housing was used for renting.

## Education

The community is served by the Calgary Girl's Charter School. The Bel-Aire campus serves students in grades 4 and 5.
# Beauty of Labour

The Beauty of Labour (Schönheit der Arbeit) was a propaganda organization of the Nazi government from the period 1934 to its eventual disbandment in 1945. One of its principal functions was workplace design and the beautification of the German work environment. Initially a propaganda machine, the SdA worked bilaterally with its counterpart organisation Strength Through Joy (KdF) to achieve overall appeasement of the general population. The organization campaigned for improved cleanliness, better hygiene, proper work attire, changing rooms, lockers, better air, and less noise in factories and other places of employment. Beauty of Labour was one of the many areas that made up the Nazi labour union, the Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF or "German Labour Front") and was directed by Albert Speer.
Campaigns such as the Fight against Noise and Good ventilation in the workplace gave the Hitler-led government the ability to stimulate productivity within the workplace while simultaneously installing a sense of community and greater cordiality between the government and the German population.
# Finsch's rufous thrush

Finsch's rufous thrush (Stizorhina finschi), also known as Finsch's flycatcher-thrush, Finsch's rusty flycatcher, Finsch's ant thrush or Finsch's rufous ant thrush, is a little-known flycatcher-like thrush of West African forests. It is often considered a subspecies of Fraser's rufous thrush.

## Range and habitat

This species lives at low levels in the thickest parts of forests, often near streams or damp areas or in wooded swamps, from sea level to 1500 meters (about 5,000 ft), in the southern parts of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria. (A record from southern Togo may represent a small population there.) It is sedentary (does not migrate).
It is rare in many areas, but common in some.

## Description

Finsch's flycatcher-thrushes are 18 to 20 cm (7.1 to 7.9 in) long. Adults are brown above and orangish below, more gray or olive on the nape and breast and more rufous at the rear of the body. The tail is dark brown with white corners. The cheeks and throat are pale with gray and orange tints. Immatures are undescribed.
The voice is similar to that of the rufous flycatcher-thrush. In Liberia it sings from May to October. The song is four melodious whistles, "hooee, hooee hooee-huEE, slower and lower-pitched than song of Rufous Flycatcher Thrush". One call is four rapidly repeated notes, "tswe-tswe-tswe-tswe" with the variant "tsw-tsee… tsweeeee"; another is "a long, plaintive whistle wee… weeeee-eee." In alarm caused by predators it gives a "buzzing word-word-word." Unlike the rufous flycatcher-thrush, this species responds to recordings of its call.

## Behavior

Finsch's flycatcher-thrush usually occurs alone or in pairs. During the breeding season it is highly territorial, but at other times it may join mixed-species flocks at ant swarms. However, it relies much less on ant swarms than two of its fellow members of the genus Neocossyphus, the white-tailed and red-tailed ant thrushes. Instead it catches insects in its beak like a flycatcher, hawking from perches or taking them from under leaves while it hovers. Favored insects include termites, grasshoppers, ants, beetles, flies, and various small species. It may sit for a long time without moving on a horizontal perch. It often flicks its outer rectrices to the side "in scissor-like fashion".
In Nigeria, a bird was seen in March collecting nesting material at the base of an epiphyte. In Liberia, birds have been observed in breeding condition from June to December and independent young in September. Little else is known about this species' reproduction.

## Taxonomy

Some authorities lump this species with Fraser's rufous thrush, partly because of observations of birds in southern Nigeria with plumage and songs between those of the two species. Here it is treated as a separate species following the Handbook of the Birds of the World and other authorities.
The specific epithet honors the explorer Otto Finsch. It is often spelled finschii, but the spelling with one i is correct.
# Gregory Beylkin

Gregory Beylkin (born 16 March 1953) is a Russian–American mathematician.

## Education and career

He studied from 1970 to 1975 at the University of Leningrad, with Diploma in Mathematics in November 1975. From 1976 to 1979 he was a research scientist at the Research Institute of Ore Geophysics, Leningrad. From 1980 to 1982 he was a graduate student at New York University, where he received his PhD under the supervision of Peter Lax. From 1982 to 1983 Beylkin was an associate research scientist at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. From 1983 to 1991 he was a member of the professional staff of Schlumberger-Doll Research in Ridgefield, Connecticut. Since 1991 he has been a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics at the University of Colorado Boulder. He was a visiting professor at Yale University, the University of Minnesota, and the Mittag-Leffler Institute and participated in 2012 and 2015 in the summer seminar on "Applied Harmonic Analysis and Sparse Approximation" at Oberwolfach. He is the author or co-author of over 100 articles in refereed journal and has served on several editorial boards.
   Gregory Beylkin's research is focused on analysis and development of fast algorithms for solving integral and differential equations. Applications include quantum chemistry, gravity field evaluation and estimation, wave propagation and inverse problems. A number of algorithms developed by Gregory Beylkin and his group have been implemented and are used in practical applications.

## Awards and honors

* 1998 — Invited Speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians
* 2012 — Fellow of the American Mathematical Society
* 2016 — Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

## Patents

* Beylkin, Gregory (July 26, 1988). "Seismic exploration using exactly invertible discrete transformation into tau-p space, U.S. Patent 4,760,563".
* Beylkin, Gregory (September 13, 2007). "Method and Apparatus for Efficient Data Acquisition and Interpolation, U.S. Patent 20070214202A1".
# Aletris aurea

Aletris aurea (golden unicorn root) is a plant species native to the southeastern United States from eastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma to Maryland.
Aletris aurea is a perennial herb up to 80 cm tall, with a long spike of small, golden-yellow, bell-shaped flowers.
# Aletrimyti

Aletrimyti is an extinct monotypic genus of recumbirostran tetrapod from the Early Permian of Oklahoma.
The type species Aletrimyti gaskillae was named in 2015 by Matt Szostakiwskyj, Jason D. Pardo and Jason S. Anderson.
# Aletris obovata

Aletris obovata (southern colicroot or white colic-root) is a plant species native to the southeastern United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia).
Aletris obovata grows in moist areas, such as pine woodlands and savannahs. It is a perennial herb up to 100 cm tall, with a long spike of small, cylindrical flowers. Flowers are usually white or cream-colored with brownish tips on the corolla lobes, the lobes bent inwards to give the flower an overall rounded, ovoid or obovoid (egg-shaped) shape with only a narrow opening at the tip. It is usually pollinated by butterflies.