OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexandra Tower, Liverpool

Alexandra Tower is a residential tower located in the Prince's Dock area of Liverpool, England. It was constructed between 2005 and 2008 and upon completion became the sixth tallest building in Liverpool. The tower has a total 27 floors, with 201 apartments, reaching a height of 88 metres (290 ft).
In March 2010, a 100 kilograms (220 lb) decorative glass panel shattered and fell from the building onto the ground below. The cause is not known, although it is thought that temperature fluctuations caused by overnight freezing and subsequent heating during the day may have been responsible. To date only some safety scaffolding remains in place to catch any falling debris.
Following the issues with the glazing, the developer Millenium Estates Ltd went into administration and was taken over by Zolfo Cooper (Alix Partners). The building was deemed unsafe and was applied with a Section 77 (dangerous buildings act) due to the issues with nickel sulphide inclusions in some of the glass.
In 2015, the building was acquired by Colin Wright in a company called Mersey Investments ltd. (IOM). Colin who is a Dubai based developer (of Macintyre Asset Management / Macintyre Group) acquired the building and proceeded to resolve the glazing issues, removed the Section 77 and completed the unfinished works inside the building.

## Gallery

* A view towards the entrance to the Great Float, from one of the upper floors of Alexandra Tower.
* A view of Seacombe Ferry Terminal, as seen from one of the upper floors.
* Wallasey Town Hall and Seacombe Promenade, viewed from an upper floor.
* Looking towards New Brighton and Liverpool Bay, viewed from an upper floor.
# Gunvor (disambiguation)

Gunvor (Gunnvǫr) is a feminine Old Norse given name. It is the feminine of Gunvar (Gunnvarr), a name composed from the elements gunn "fight" and varr "attentive; defender, protector"
Gunvor may also refer to:
* Gunvor (company), an oil trading company
* Gunvor Galtung Haavik (1912–1977), Norwegian foreign ministry official accused of spying for the Soviet Union
* Gunvor Guggisberg (born 1974), Swiss singer knows professionally as Gunvor
* Gunvor, a ship wrecked in 1912
# Alexander von Warsberg

Alexander Freiherr [Baron] von Warsberg (30 March 1836 – 28 May 1889) was an Austrian government official and travel writer.

## Early life

Alexander von Warsberg was the eldest son of the Prussian chamberlain Baron Joseph Alexander von Warsberg and his wife Bavarian aristocrat Baroness Elisabeth von Wyttenbach. Soon after his birth, his father sold their family estates in Lorraine and moved the family to Graz.
Warsberg attended gymnasium and university in Austria, and later joined the imperial royal civil service at the governor's office in Graz.

## Career

In 1858, he was transferred to the governorship in Venice where he worked until he was dismissed by Cajetan von Bissingen-Nippenburg in 1859. In 1868, 1869, and 1871, Warsberg visited Egypt. In 1870, he spent several months in Corfu. During the first half of the 1880s, he toured Attica, Thessaly, Epirus, the Peloponnese, and Libya.
In the beginning of the 1880s, Empress Elisabeth of Austria began to focus on Greece, likely inspired by Warsberg's Odyssey Landscapes. Empress Elisabeth contacted Warsberg, then the Austrian consul in Greece, and appointed him her "traveling marshal". In 1885, he accompanied her on a trip to Greece. Initially, Elisabeth did not leave a positive impression on Warsberg. He described the empress in his diary as "ugly, old, skinny-looking, ill-dressed". However, after their first voyage together, he changed his opinion of Elisabeth and began showing a certain affection toward her. In 1887 and 1888, Warsberg accompanied the empress on further strenuous journeys through Western Greece, Ithaca, the Peloponnese, and Asia Minor. However, his health was steadily declining and he often complained that the hardships as Elisabeth's "travel marshal" exceeded all his previous trips to the Orient.
In November 1887, the Empress commissioned Warsberg to find a suitable plot of land for a villa on Corfu. Warsberg, who was now seriously ill, managed to acquire the Villa Braila for the Empress and purchased additional land on Corfu for the construction of the villa. He created the "spiritual concept" for the palace, called Achilleion, but did not live to see the completion of it in 1891. After his death, his brother Gustav took over the construction management for a short time.
In the fall of 1887, Warsberg was appointed Consul General in Venice, but died in the spring of 1889 from a long-standing lung condition. He was buried in the St. Leonhard-Friedhof Cemetery in Graz.
# River Claire (Dominica)

The River Claire is a river on the Caribbean island of Dominica.
# Fokus (newspaper)

Fokus is a weekly newspaper from North Macedonia.
# FolE RNA motif

The folE RNA motif, now known as the THF-II riboswitch, is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. folE motifs are found in Alphaproteobacteria.
folE motif RNAs likely function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their positions upstream of protein-coding genes. Instances of the folE RNA motif are often located nearby to the predicted Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the downstream gene. This arrangement is consistent with a model of cis-regulation where the RNA allosterically controls access to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, thus regulating the gene translationally. All known folE RNAs are present upstream of genes encoding GTP cyclohydrolase I, which performs a step in folate metabolism.
folE RNAs have been shown to bind tetrahydrofolate and related molecules, leading to their designation as a second structural class of tetrahydrofolate riboswitches, called THF-II riboswitches.
# Guinea at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships

Guinea competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China between July 16 and 31, 2011.

## Swimming

Guinea qualified 3 swimmers.

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Amadou Camara | Men's 50m Freestyle | 29.72 | 107 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Amadou Camara | Men's 100m Freestyle | 1:06.25 | 101 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Mohamed Camara | Men's 50m Breaststroke | DSQ | DSQ | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Mohamed Camara | Men's 100m Breaststroke | DSQ | DSQ | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Dede Camara | Women's 50m Breaststroke | 44.44 | 31 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Dede Camara | Women's 100m Breaststroke | 1:40.16 | 46 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Alexandre Picard

Alexandre Picard may refer to:
* Alexandre R. Picard (born 1985), hockey defencemen originally drafted by the Philadelphia Flyers of the NHL
* Alexandre Picard (ice hockey) (born 1985), hockey left winger originally drafted by the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL
# Gustave Hermite

Gustave Hermite (11 June 1863 – 9 November 1914) was a French aeronaut and physicist, pioneer with Georges Besançon of the weather balloon. He was the nephew of Charles Hermite, one of the fathers of modern mathematical analysis.

## Biography

Gustave Hermite was born in Nancy, France, on 11 June 1863. Fond of sciences, he began studying chemistry in 1884 at the laboratory of the Academy of Neuchâtel in Switzerland, then turned to astronomy. His first communication to the French Academy of Sciences in 1884 deals with an astronomical telescope of its design. In 1885, he became a member of the Astronomical Society of France. He then embarked on developing inventions and in 1887, he designed and made a rangefinder, then in 1888 a small captive helicopter powered by an electric motor attached to a battery on the ground.
In 1889 he began experimenting with heavier than air aviation: small airplanes propelled by rockets or kites used as a means of traction, on water or on ice. On 17 August 1889, he made his first flight in an untethered balloon and, with his friend Georges Besançon, in 1889 built the Sirius in which they made a trip from Paris to Le Creusot in 16 hours with a stop in the Yonne Department.
In 1890–91, Hermite and Besançon planned a flight over the North Pole but the project did not materialize for lack of funding. The two men began then working on high altitude balloons for scientific purposes. In early 1892, they launched a series of small paper balloons filled with gas to become familiar with the technique. On 17 September, the first documented weather balloon in history flew, with a barometer and a minimum thermometer. The ball fell to the ground thanks to a parachute and the instruments could be recovered.
Having demonstrated the feasibility of the balloon probe, which he gave the name of weather balloon, and thanks to the support of the Union Aerophile de France, they then launch a series of balloons capable of carrying more than 10,000 meters a nacelle weighing several kilograms containing recording devices which inaugurated a series of international scientific ascents. In 1898 Léon Teisserenc de Bort organized the beginnings of systematic sounding of the atmosphere at the Trappes Observatory of Dynamic Meteorology .
Gustave Hermite died on 9 November 1914 in Bois-Colombes, a suburb of Paris.
# Gustave J. Stoeckel

Gustave Jakob Stoeckel (November 9, 1819 – May 14, 1907) was a longtime music instructor and college organist at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.

## Biography

Born in Maikammer, Bavarian Palatinate, Stoeckel graduated from the seminary in Kaiserslautern in 1838, and then pursued a post-graduate course in musical composition under Joseph Krebs. He was a teacher and organist until 1847, when he emigrated to the United States. He joined Yale University in 1849 when he became a music teacher there, and was appointed organist of Yale College Chapel. Yale gave him the degree of Mus.D. in 1864.
He pioneered Yale's program in music and was one of its first faculty. In 1868, he became the first faculty director of the Yale Glee Club, Yale's oldest singing group, now a professionally led 80-voice choir of international fame. He held the position of organist at Yale's chapel for over 30 years, beginning in 1860 until his resignation in May 1894. He made his last appearance as a professor of music performing preludes and postludes for the graduating class at the commencement exercises held in Battell Chapel on Sunday, June 24, 1894.

## Writings

Stoeckel compiled a hymnal with the title Sacred Music, first published in New York in 1868. He published College Hymn-Book for male voices in 1886. Besides compositions for the piano, songs, and overtures and symphonies for orchestra, he was also the author of several unpublished operas: "Lichtenstein," "Mahomet," "Miles Standish," and "Miskodeeda."

## Legacy

Yale University named a former student club building in honor of Gustave Stoeckel in 1954 when the School of Music moved in. Renovated in 2009, it is now the home of the Department of Music of Yale College. The building, at the corner of College and Wall Streets, was designed by Grosvenor Atterbury in the Venetian Gothic style,.
Battell Chapel is named for Joseph Battell (1774–1841), and was built with funds donated by his son Joseph Battell (1806–1874) and others of his family, whose 1854 gift enabled the university to begin offering music education.
# Robert Lawton

Robert Lawton may refer to:
* Robert B. Lawton (born 1947), American Jesuit and president of Loyola Marymount University
* Robert O. Lawton (1924–1980), professor at Florida State University
* Rob Lawton (born 1964), Australian rugby union player
# Alfonso Pardo

Alfonso Pardo (died 1603) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Trevico (1580–1603).

## Biography

On 22 June 1580, Alfonso Pardo was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Trevico. He served as Bishop of Trevico until his death in 1603.
# Alfonso Parigi

Alfonso Parigi the Younger (1606–1656) was an Italian architect and scenographer, the son of Giulio Parigi, and grandson of Alfonso Parigi the Elder.
He worked mainly in Florence, beginning at a very early age as his father's assistant. After the latter's death in 1635, he became court architect of the Grand Dukes of Tuscany at Palazzo Pitti, where he led the completion of the Giardini di Boboli, building the Isolotto and the steps of the amphitheatre.
He also worked in the church of San Giovannino degli Scolopi, the basilica of Santo Spirito, and the Medici villas at Poggio a Caiano and Careggi.

## Sources

* Opere di Filippo Baldinucci: Notizie de'professori del disegno da Cimabue in qua By Filippo Baldinucci, Domenico Maria Manni, page 439.
* Bryan's dictionary of painters and engravers, Volume 4 By Michael Bryan, George Charles Williamson, page 68.
Media related to Alfonso Parigi jr at Wikimedia Commons
* This article about an Italian architect or firm of architects is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gurzhi effect

The Gurzhi effect was theoretically predicted by Radii Gurzhi in 1963, and it consists of decreasing of electric resistance $R$ of a finite size conductor with increasing of its temperature $T$ (i.e. the situation $dR/dT<0$ for some temperature interval). Gurzhi effect usually being considered as the evidence of electron hydrodynamic transport in conducting media. The mechanism of Gurzhi effect is the following. The value of the resistance of the conductor is inverse to the $l_{lost}=\min\{l_{boundary},l_{V}\}$ — a mean free path corresponding to the momentum loss from the electrons+phonons system$R\propto {\frac {1}{l_{lost}}},$where $l_{boundary}$ is the average distance which electron pass between two consecutive interactions with a boundary, and $l_{V}$ is a mean free path corresponding to other possibilities of momentum loss. The electron reflection from the boundary is assumed to be diffusive.
When temperature is low we have ballistic transport with $l_{ee}\gg d$, $l_{lost}\approx l_{boundary}\approx d$, where $d$ is a width of the conductor, $l_{ee}$ is a mean free path corresponding to effective normal electron-electron collisions (i.e. collisions without total electrons+phonons momentum loss). For low temperatures phonon emitted by electron quickly interacts with another electron without loss of total electron+phonons momentum and $l_{ee}\approx l_{ep}$, where $l_{ep}\propto T^{-5}$ is a mean free path corresponding to the electron-phonon collisions. Also we assume $d\ll l_{V}$. Thus the resistance for lowest temperatures is a constant $R\propto d^{-1}$(see the picture). The Gurzhi effect appears when the temperature is increased to have $l_{ee}\ll d$. In this regime the electron diffusive length between two consecutive interactions with the boundary can be considered as momentum loss free path: $l_{lost}\approx l_{boundary}\approx d^{2}/l_{ee}$, and the resistance is proportional to $R\propto l_{ee}(T)/d^{2}\propto T^{-5}d^{-2}$, and thus we have a negative derivative $dR/dT<0$. Therefore, Gurzhi effect can be observed when $l_{ee}\ll d\ll d^{2}/l_{ee}\ll l_{V}$.
Gurzhi effect corresponds to unusual situation when electrical resistance depends on a frequency of normal collisions. As one can see this effect appears due to the presence of a boundaries with finite characteristic size $d$. Later Gurzhi's group discovered a special role of electron hydrodynamics in a spin transport. In such a case magnetic inhomogeneity plays role of a "boundary" with spin-diffusion length as a characteristic size instead of $d$ as before. This magnetic inhomogeneity stops electrons of the one spin component which becomes an effective scatterers for electrons of another spin component. In this case magnetoresistance of a conductor depends on the frequency of normal electron-electron collisions as well as in the Gurzhi effect.
# Beneš-Mráz Be-150 Beta-Junior

The Beneš-Mráz Be-150 Beta-Junior was a light aerobatic trainer and racing aircraft, designed and built in Czechoslovakia in the late 1930s.

## Design and development

With the success of the Beneš-Mráz Be-50 Beta-Minor Beneš decided to produce a smaller version with better performance for sport flying. A major incentive was the availability of five spare 78 kW (105 hp) Walter Junior engines, which would imbue the Be-150 with much improved vertical performance compared to the Be-50.
Beneš shortened the fuselage and fitted the short-span wings of the Be-52, retaining the open cockpits and fixed, trousered, tailwheel undercarriage of the Be-50.

## Operational history

The Be-150 was first flown on 5 January 1937, but was rejected by the MNO (Czechoslovak Ministry of Defense) and the three production aircraft were used for general flying club use and for air racing.

## Specifications (Be-150)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 7.55 m (24 ft 9 in)
* Wingspan: 10.66 m (35 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 14 m$^2$ (150 sq ft)
* Gross weight: 790 kg (1,742 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Walter Junior 4-cyl. Air-cooled inverted in-line piston engine, 78 kW (105 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 215 km/h (134 mph, 116 kn)
* Cruise speed: 185 km/h (115 mph, 100 kn)
* Range: 750 km (470 mi, 400 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 5,500 m (18,000 ft)
# Benezet (disambiguation)

The name Benezet or the accented Bénézet may refer to:

## People

* Saint Benezet (c. 1163 – 1184), medieval saint
* Anthony Benezet (1713–1784), Quaker educationalist
* Louis P. Bénézet (1878–1961), American educationalist
* Louis T. Benezet (1915–2002), American educationalist (son of the above)
* Mathieu Bénézet (1946–2013), French author
* Nicolas Benezet (born 1991), French football player

## Places

* Pont Saint-Bénezet, a bridge in Avignon
* Saint-Bénézet, a commune in Gard, France
# Alfonso Wong

Alfonso Wong Kar-Hei (Chinese: 王家禧; 27 May 1923 – 1 January 2017), also known by his pen name Wong Chak, was a Hong Kong manhua artist who created one of the longest-running comic strips, Old Master Q, that became popular across Asia.

## Biography

Wong was born in Tianjin, Republic of China. He studied Western art at Fu Jen Catholic University, then based in Beijing and finished school by 1944. In 1956, he moved south to British Hong Kong. He was responsible for drawings in Bibles for a French Catholic missionary in the colony and also became the art editor for Hong Kong Catholic magazine, Lok Fung Pao (乐峰报; 樂峰報; Lè Fēng Bào; lok6 fung1 bou3).
Wong became well known in 1961 when he made the manhua Old Master Q. The comic was one of the most influential pieces of work in Hong Kong under British rule before it was transferred back to China, and was popular across Asia. It voiced the opinions of the citizens in an exaggerated comical sense at a time when comics avoided controversial political issues. From integration with mainlanders to the education gap, there were few limitations being broached by the sensitive subjects which accompanied his stories. The comic became known for maintaining popularity for over 40 years against endless competition with other Hong Kong manhua and Japanese manga. Later adaptations into movies, Chinese animation and other works of fiction continued well after his retirement. He later emigrated to the United States and retired by the mid-1990s, leaving his son Joseph Wong in charge of the Old Master Q series since then.
In an exhibition showcasing Wong, the Hong Kong Arts Centre called his work, "a collective memory of Chinese-speaking communities around the world." Original pieces of Wong's work have been exhibited by both Sotheby's and Christie's auction houses.

## Personal life and Death

Wong was ambidextrous (i.e. capable of drawing with both hands) and particularly enjoyed drawing fish. He used his eldest son's name Wong Chak (王澤; 王泽; Wáng Zé; wong4 zaak6) as a pen-name and relinquished the comic to him in 1995. Wong died of organ failure on 1 January 2017, at the age of 93.
He was also the son of the ethnic-Manchu Chinese warlord Wang Chengbin.
# Alfonso XIII (Madrid Metro)

Alfonso XIII is a station on Line 4 of the Madrid Metro, located near the Avenida de Alfonso XIII ("Alfonso XIII Avenue", called the same as the one that inaugurated the Metro in 1919 (105 years ago) (1919)). It is located in fare Zone A.
# Robert Henry Codrington

Robert Henry Codrington (15 September 1830, Wroughton, Wiltshire – 11 September 1922) was an Anglican priest and anthropologist who made the first study of Melanesian society and culture. His work is still held as a classic of ethnography.
Codrington wrote, "One of the first duties of a missionary is to try to understand the people among whom he works," and he himself reflected a deep commitment to this value. Codrington worked as headmaster of the Melanesian Mission school on Norfolk Island from 1867 to 1887. Over his many years with the Melanesian people, he gained a deep knowledge of their society, languages, and customs through a close association with them. He also intensively studied "Melanesian languages", including the Mota language.
He popularized the use of the word "mana" in the West, and described mana "as a generalized power that is perceived in objects appearing in any sense out of the ordinary, or that is acquired by persons who possess them."

## Bibliography of works by Codrington

* A Sketch of Mota Grammar. (1877). (full text from the Internet Archive).
* The Melanesian Languages. (1885). Oxford: Clarendon Press. (full text from the Internet Archive).
* The Melanesians: Studies in their Anthropology and Folk-Lore. (1891). Oxford: Clarendon Press. (full text from the Internet Archive).
* A Dictionary of the Language of Mota, Sugarloaf Island, Banks' Islands: With a short grammar and index. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
* "Melanesians." Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics. Ed. James Hastings. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 8:529–38.
# Robert Henry Cobbold

Robert Henry Cobbold (Chinese: 哥伯播义) (1816, Eye, Suffolk - 1893 Hereford ) was an Anglican missionary who worked with William Russell at the Church Missionary Society in China in Ningbo, China.
He and Russell left for China in November 1847, arriving in Ningbo, where they started work with the assistance of Mary Ann Aldersey.

## Early life

Several of his works were printed in Chinese:
* 1856 Exhortations for the Age (pinyin: Ch'uan-shih-wen,)
# Alfred Shaw (disambiguation)

Alfred Shaw (1842–1907) was a British cricketer.
Alfred Shaw may also refer to:
* Alfred P. Shaw (1895–?), American architect
* Al Shaw (catcher) (Alfred Shaw, 1873–1958), American baseball player
* Alf Shaw, racing driver, 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season
* Alfred Shaw (motorcyclist); see Rider deaths in motorcycle racing
* Alfred Shaw (painter); see Mary Shaw (contralto)
# Alfred Sheath

Alfred Sheath (15 June 1859 – 1939) was an English cricketer. He played in one first-class match in New Zealand for Canterbury in 1879/80.
# Bernadeinkopf

Bernadeinkopf (elevation 2,143 m (7,031 ft)) is a summit of the Wetterstein range in the German state of Bavaria.

## Alpinism

The Bernadeinkopf lies below the eastern ridge of the Alpspitze, which continues in its northern steep walls. The southern side is in contrast less steep and leads to the lake Stuibensee.
Several via ferrata access the summit, easy and moderate Nordwandsteig and Schöngänge, or Mauerläufersteig of difficulty D-E. All of them can be easily reached after short hikes from the top station of the cable car at Osterfelderkopf. Access to the summit is also possible in winter through the southern side as ski tour.
The closest shelter is the restaurant at the Osterfelderkopf.