OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Imperative Duty

An Imperative Duty is a short realist novel by William Dean Howells published in 1891. The novel explores the idea of "passing" through the racially mixed character of Rhoda Aldgate, a young woman whose aunt informs her that she is one-sixteenth African American. Rhoda lived her whole life "passing" as a white person.

## List of Characters

* Rhoda Aldgate, a woman of one-sixteenth black ancestry
* Rev. Mr. Bloomingdale, Rhoda's first suitor, a white man
* Dr. Olney, Mrs. Meredith's physician and Rhoda's eventual suitor, a white man
* Mrs. Meredith, Rhoda's aunt, a white woman

## Plot summary

The book is about Rhoda Aldgate, a young woman who discovers she is one-sixteenth African American, after living her whole life as a white person. Rhoda's father was Mrs. Meredith's brother, a white man, and Rhoda's mother was a southern woman of one-eighth black ancestry. In the nineteenth century, Rhoda's mother would have been referred to as an "octoroon."

## Themes

The book is about a "Tragic Mulatta" character, a stereotype used by 19th-century American authors to explore racial miscegenation.
# Roy McWeeny

Roy McWeeny (19 May 1924 – 29 April 2021) was a British academic physicist and chemist.
McWeeny was born in Bradford, Yorkshire in May 1924. His first degree was in physics from the University of Leeds. He then obtained a D.Phil. in mathematical physics and quantum theory under the supervision of Charles Coulson at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford.
From 1948 to 1957 he was lecturer in physical chemistry at King's College, University of Durham (King's College is now the University of Newcastle upon Tyne). From 1957 to 1965 he was at the University of Keele rising to Professor of Theoretical Physics and Theoretical Chemistry. From 1966 to 1982 he was Professor of Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Sheffield. In 1982 he moved to the University of Pisa, Italy where he remained an Emeritus Professor until his death.
In 1996 a celebratory festschrift volume was published in his honour containing original papers by 132 scientists from 19 countries. He was awarded the 2006 Spiers Memorial Medal by the Faraday Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Medal Lecture, "Quantum chemistry: The first seventy years", was published in Faraday Discussions. He has served on the editorial board of Molecular Physics, Chemical Physics Letters and International Journal of Quantum Chemistry.
He has written many scientific papers and seven books, of which perhaps the best known are Coulson's Valence in 1979, an update of the famous book by Charles Coulson originally written in 1951, and the two editions of Methods of Molecular Quantum Mechanics, (the first edition with B. T. Sutcliffe in 1969 and the second edition alone in 1989). He wrote several chapters in the three volumes of the Handbook of Molecular Physics and Quantum Chemistry. In 1963 he wrote Symmetry: an introduction to group theory and its applications.
From 2002 he edited an open-access series of Basic Books in Science, several of which he authored himself. He was also an elected member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and the European Academy of Arts, Sciences and the Humanities.
McWeeny died in Pisa, Italy in April 2021 at the age of 96.
# Hans A. Hansen House

The Hans A. Hansen House is a historic house in Ephraim, Utah. It was built in 1862 by Hans A. Hansen, an immigrant from Denmark who converted to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and arrived in Utah in 1853. Hansen had two wives: Annie, who had emigrated to the United States with him, and Mary Christiansen. He built a second house in the Scandinavian style, but this house was designed in a Vernacular English, or "traditionally American", style, which is interpreted by Tom Carter of the Utah State Historical Society as Hansen's willingness to integrate in American society. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 22, 1980.
# Frances (1859 convict ship)

Frances was a convict ship that transported a single convict from Madras, India to Fremantle, Western Australia in 1859. The convict, Patrick McDonald or McDonnell, was a soldier convicted of an "unnatural crime" by court-martial at Rangoon, and sentenced to fourteen years' transportation. There were no pensioner guards on the ship but 13 civilian passengers made the voyage — W. Bickley, W. H. Mulve, J. Head, P. Kelly, H. Kearning, M. Shea, J. Lynch, J. Thomas, W. Hurkun, L. Deholme, M. Hopkins, E. Egan, and A. Mahoney.
# Frances (disambiguation)

Frances is a given name, the feminine version of Francis.
Frances may also refer to:

## Places

* Frances, Indiana, an unincorporated community
* Frances, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
* Frances, Washington, an unincorporated community
* Frances, South Australia, a town

## Ships

* Frances (ship), several ships
* USS Frances, two ships of the United States Navy

## Other uses

* Frances (horse), a New Zealand racehorse
* Frances (film), a 1982 film starring Jessica Lange as actress Frances Farmer
* Hurricane Frances (disambiguation), various cyclones
* Frances, the Allied code name for the Japanese Yokosuka P1Y bomber of the Second World War
* Frances (musician) (born 1993), English singer and songwriter
* Frances (1811 cricketer), first name unknown
# Hans Kotzsch

Hans Kotzsch (24 April 1901, Dresden (Loschwitz) - 25 July 1950 Dresden (Blasewitz)) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.
From 1925 Kotzsch owned the entomological dealership "Hermann Wernicke" in Dresden. From here he sold insects collected on his many collecting trips (Rybachy Peninsula (1933), Armenia (1934), Hindu Kush (1936), Iran and Afghanistan (1939) Turkey and China. Many of his specimens are in Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn and in Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. In 1948 two years before his death he purchased the business collection "Staudinger" - Bang-Haas from the widow of Otto Bang-Haas. Like most dealers of his time Kotzsch described many new subspecies of "exotic" butterflies, particularly from South America. Most are these are unsound but his taxonomic work on Palaearctic fauna is much better.

## Works

Beginning list
* 1929 Nue Falter aus dem Richthofengebirge Entomologische Zeitschrift 43 (16): 204-206, fig. 1-10.
* 1936 Ein Sommer unter den Kurden. Ent. Rundsch. 53: 313-317
* 1939 Neue Weibform von Baronia brevicornis Salv. Entomologische Zeitschrift 53(46):360.
* 1936. Falternenbreiten aus meiner Hindukusch-Expedition Entomologische Rundschau. Bd. 54.5. S. 50–52.
* 1939. Weitere Falterneuheiten aus meiner Hindukusch-Expedition 1936 Entomologische Rundschau 55 (1): 9-10.
# Rubén Blades y Son del Solar...Live!

Rubén Blades y Son del Solar... Live! or also known as Live! is the third live album by Panamanian singer Rubén Blades and the first with the band Son Del Solar released on March 20, 1990. For WEA International Inc. and Elektra Records. The album contains all the featured songs from Blades albums from 1984 (with Buscando América) to 1988 (with Antecedente ), with songs like Decisiones (Live), El Padre Antonio (Live) and also including his hit Pedro Navaja (Live). A song that was not in his stay in Elektra but was in Fania Records on his 1978 album Siembra.

## Background

After recording his curious English album Nothing But the Truth in 1988 Blades said goodbye to Elektra to go to Sony Music until 2002 with his studio album Mundo.

## Recordings and songs

Blades He wanted to record this album with Son Del Solar to give it a touch of eccentricity, also taking from Gabriel García Márquez the song Cuentas Del Alma, Ojos De Perro azul that was included in his album Crossover Dreams. I also include his success in Elektra Decisiones and Pedro Navaja. He also rewrote the song Muévete originally recorded by Los Van Van.

## Track listing

All songs from Live! were written and composed by Rubén Blades except Muévete written by Juan Formell y Los Van Van.
All tracks are written by Rubén Blades

## Musicians

Obtained from Jazz en la Web (in Spanish):

### Performers

* Oscar Hernandez: Piano
* Mike Viñas: Bass
* Ralph Irizarry: Timpani
* Edwin "Eddy" Montalvo: Congas
* Arturo Ortiz: Synthesizers
* Robby Ameen: Drums
* Roger Paiz: Bongos
* Marc Quiñones: Congas
* Angel "Papo" Vásquez, Reynaldo Jorge, Leopoldo Pineda: Trombones

## Staff

Obtained and adapted from Discogs:

### Credits

* Art Direction – Carol Bobolts
* Composed by Cesar Miró* (Tracks: 5), Rubén Blades* (Tracks: 1 to 4, 6 to 9)
* Engineer – Jerry Solomon
* Lead Vocals – Rubén Blades
* Mixed by Jon Fausty
* Photography by Frank W. Ockenfels III
* Original lyrics and music written by Juan Formell (Tracks:9)
# Rudolf Züllich

Rudolf Züllich (1813 in Gyulafehérvár – 1890 in Cairo) was a Hungarian sculptor noted for his classicist style. He is best known for his bust of József Katona.
After studying sculpture and working in Vienna and Rome, he returned to Pest and in 1846 modelled Juno a 132 cm tall white marble statue. Many of his busts are in the Hungarian National Gallery in Budapest. The following years of his life saw him in Kolozsvár, Paris, Sicily and towards his later years in Egypt where he died in Cairo in 1890.
# Blanca Andreu

Blanca Andreu (born 4 August 1959 A Coruña) is a Spanish poet.

## Life

She grew up in Orihuela, where her family still resides, and attended El Colegio de Jesus-Maria de San Agustin, followed by studies in philology in Murcia. At age 20, she moved to Madrid without formally completing her education. Here, she met Francisco Umbral, who introduced her to the literati of the city.
In 1980, she was awarded the Premio Adonáis de Poesía for her work entitled, De una niña de provincias que se vino a vivir en un Chagall. Her use of surrealism is considered the beginning of the Post-Modern Generation. Her later work have tried to shy away from the surrealist tendencies of her early pieces.
In 1985 she married novelist Juan Benet. After he died in 1993, she moved to Alicante and then to A Coruña where she now lives an ordinary life.

## Awards

* 1980: Premio Adonáis de Poesía
* 1981: Premio de Cuentos Gabriel Miró
* 1982: Premio Mundial de Poesía Mística, Fernando Rielo
* 1982: Premio Ícaro de Literatura
* 2001: Premio Internacional de Poesía Laureà Mela

## Works

* De una niña de provincias que se vino a vivir en un Chagall (1980)
* Báculo de Babel (1982)
* Capitán Elphistone (1988)
* El sueño oscuro (1994)
* La tierra transparente (2002)

## Critical studies

* "Blanca Andreu: Recovering the Lost Language", Sylvia Sherno, Hispania, Vol. 77, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp. 384-393
* "Between Water and Fire: Blanca Andreu's Dream Landscapes", Sylvia Sherno, Revista Hispánica Moderna, Año 47, No. 2 (Dec., 1994), pp. 533-542
* John Chapman Wilcox (1997). "Amparo Amoros, Ana rosetti, Blanca Andreu". Women poets of Spain, 1860-1990: toward a gynocentric vision. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06559-0.
# Blacourt

Blacourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# 2024 Wisconsin Question 1

2024 Wisconsin Question 1 may refer to:
* April 2024 Wisconsin Question 1, held alongside the state's spring election
* August 2024 Wisconsin Question 1, held alongside the state's fall primary
# Rudy Wijnands

Rudy Wijnands (born 1971) is a Dutch astrophysicist. He is professor of Observational High-Energy Astrophysics at the University of Amsterdam.

## Academic career

Since 2004 Wijnands has been part of the faculty with the Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. In 2008 he was appointed associate professor, and in 2017 full professor. Before that, he worked at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, and MIT in the United States. He received his PhD from the University of Amsterdam in 1999 with a thesis entitled "Millisecond phenomena in X-ray binaries".

## Research

His research focuses on the accretion of matter onto neutron stars and black holes, which are very compact stellar remnants. He uses X-ray space telescopes such as Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton to observe the X-ray emission from these objects. In particular he studies neutron stars and black holes when they are accreting at very low rates. He also investigates the rate at which neutron stars cool after they have been heated by accretion, in order to learn about their interior composition. Furthermore, Wijnands has been involved in research into quasi-periodic oscillations.
In 1998, Wijnands and his PhD advisor Michiel van der Klis discovered coherent millisecond X-ray pulsations in the persistent flux of the X-ray binary SAX J1808.4-3658. This was strong evidence for the model in which radio millisecond pulsars are spun up to periods of a few milliseconds by the accretion of matter from a companion star in an X-ray binary.

## Awards

In 2006 Wijnands received the Bruno Rossi Prize along with Deepto Chakrabarty and Tod Strohmayer "for their pioneering research which revealed millisecond spin periods and established the powerful diagnostic tool of kilohertz intensity oscillations in accreting neutron star binary systems".
# Rudy Williams

Rudy Williams may refer to:
* Rudy Williams (saxophonist) (1919-1954), American jazz saxophonist
* Rudy Williams (footballer) (born 1965), Honduran footballer
# Frank B. Woodbury

Frank Bartlett Woodbury (December 27, 1867 – December 21, 1962) was a leader of and an Acting Presiding Patriarch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), one of only three church members to hold this position in church history.
Born in St. George, Utah Territory, to Orin Nelson Woodbury and Ann Cannon, Woodbury served in many capacities in the church on a local level. Some, but not all, LDS Church sources list Woodbury as "Acting Presiding Patriarch" of the church between 1934 and 1937. However, Woodbury was never sustained to this calling in a general conference of the church and it is unknown whether he was ordained or set apart to serve in this office or calling. It is also unclear whether Woodbury was considered by the church to be a general authority. In 1937, church apostle George F. Richards was officially called and sustained as the Acting Patriarch to the church. After his release, Woodbury served as a local stake patriarch in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Woodbury was married to Lily Druce Lambert and was the father of six children: George L., Lillian, Frank Orin, Harvey Charles, Nettie, and Melvin. Woodbury died in Salt Lake City age 94.
# 238 Hypatia

238 Hypatia is a large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by Russian astronomer Viktor Knorre on July 1, 1884, in Berlin. It was the third of his four asteroid discoveries. The name was given in honour of philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria. Based upon the spectrum, it is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of primitive carbonaceous material. Like many asteroids of this type, its surface is very dark in colour.
Photometric observations of this asteroid at the European Southern Observatory in 1981 gave a light curve with a period of 8.9 ± 0.1 hours and a brightness variation of 0.12 in magnitude. Stellar occultation events were observed for this asteroid during 2001 and 2005. The resulting chords provided cross-section diameter estimates of 146.5 and 145.3 km, respectively.
# Ana Galvis Hotz

Ana Galvis Hotz (22 June 1855 — 2 November 1934) was the first Colombian woman to have obtained a medical degree as a Doctor of Medicine.
Ana was born on 22 June 1855 in Bogotá to Dr. Nicanor Galvis from Colombia, and his wife Sophie Hotz from Switzerland. In April 1872 she enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bern, becoming the first regular full-time student of the University, where she obtained her degree as a Doctor of Medicine on 26 June 1877 with her dissertation titled Über Amnionepithel (On the Amniotic Epithelial); she thus became not only the first Colombian female medical doctor, but also the first from Latin America or Spain, at a time when women could not even attend university in Colombia. On her return to Colombia she opened her own medical practice advertising her services as a "specialist on the diseases of the uterus and its surroundings"; therefore she is now also recognized as the first Colombian gynaecologist.
# Blair Bowden

Blair Thisbe Bowden, BEM (née Williams; 7 June 1916 – 30 September 1981) was an Australian naval officer who served as director of the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS).
Born in Dunedin, New Zealand, Bowden attended Christchurch Girls High School and received an arts degree from Canterbury University College before moving to Australia and enlisting in 1943. She was a member of the first training course for potential female officers, receiving the rank of third officer. By the end of the Second World War she had been promoted to first officer and was "senior serving WRANS officer in the New South Wales command". The WRANS was disbanded in the immediate post-war period, but on its reformation in 1950 Bowden was appointed as its director, a position she held until 1954. She then moved to London and worked at the Australian High Commission, receiving the British Empire Medal in 1970.
# Francis Saunders

Francis Saunders (1513/14–1585), of Welford, Northamptonshire, was an English politician.

## Family

Saunders was the son of William Saunders and Dorothy née Young, a daughter of John Young of Croome D'Abitot, Worcestershire. Saunders was the half-brother of the Master of Requests Walter Haddon, and of the reforming cleric James Haddon. He was educated at the Middle Temple. His first marriage was to Elizabeth Carew, a daughter of George Carew, probably of Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. They had two sons and a daughter. His second marriage was to Helen Chaloner, daughter of Roger Chaloner of London and the widow of Thomas Farnham of Stoughton and Quorndon, Leicestershire; they probably had one son. His third marriage was to Frances née Pope, with whom he had one son and four daughters.

## Career

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Brackley in 1547 and March 1553.
# Francis Sanford

Francis Ariioehau Sanford (11 May 1912 – 21 December 1996) was a French Polynesian politician. He served as a member of the French National Assembly from 1967 until 1978.

## Early life

Sanford was born in Papeete and had an American grandfather. He initially worked in the docks, before becoming a waiter and then a teacher. After 1932, he became a civil servant, becoming Station chief in the Gambier Islands. In 1939 he married Elisa Snow, with whom he had five children. During World War II he rallied the "Free French" and acted as liaison officer to the Americans in Bora Bora. After the war he returned to education, working as a teacher in Bora Bora. In 1956 he was appointed Director of Primary Education in the French Polynesian government.

## Political career

In 1965 Sanford was elected mayor of Faa'a. In the 1967 elections to the French National Assembly, he was elected as the French Polynesian deputy, defeating incumbent MP John Teariki by 13,633 votes to 13,285. In the National Assembly he initially joined the Independent Republicans, before switching to the Progress and Modern Democracy group following the 1968 elections. He later joined the Reformist Movement after its foundation in 1972.
He remained a member of the National Assembly until 1978, and later served as President of French Polynesia's Council of Government. He was also the founder of the Aia Api party. He retired from politics in 1985.
# An Oriental Biographical Dictionary

An Oriental Biographical Dictionary (original title The Oriental Biographical Dictionary) was an important biographical dictionary of the Islamic, Persian and Indian worlds by Thomas William Beale, published posthumously by The Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1881. A new edition, revised and enlarged, was published in London by W. H. Allen in 1894. The book has since been reprinted several times and is now out of copyright. Both editions were edited by Henry Keene, Fellow of the University of Calcutta and a contributor to the Dictionary of National Biography.
Little is known of Beale, other than that he was a clerk in the office of the Board of Revenue of the North West Provinces and evidently a knowledgeable amateur historian. According to Keene's preface to the 1894 edition of the work, Beale had never been in Europe and died at an advanced age in Agra, 1875. He was also the author of a historical work in Persian, مفتاح التواريخ Miftāḥ al-Tavārīkh, published in 1867.

## Editions

* The Oriental Biographical Dictionary. By the late Thomas William Beale ... Calcutta: The Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1881. Edited by the Asiatic Society of Bengal, under the superintendence of Henry George Keene.
* An Oriental Biographical Dictionary, Founded on Materials Collected by the late Thomas William Beale ... New edition revised and enlarged. London: W.H. Allen & Co., 1894. Edited by Henry George Keene.
# Blastobasis evanescens

Blastobasis evanescens is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1901. It is found on Corsica.
# Anaproutia

Anaproutia is a genus of moths belonging to the family Psychidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
* Anaproutia comitella (Bruand, 1853)
* Anaproutia norvegica (Schoyen, 1880)
# Anaproutia comitella

Anaproutia comitella is a moth of the Psychidae family. It is found in France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria.
The wingspan is about 15 mm for males. Female are wingless. Adults are on wing in May and June.
# Happy Head

Happy Head is the debut album by the English band the Mighty Lemon Drops, released in 1986. It peaked at No. 58 on the UK Albums Chart and was a hit on American college radio. The band supported the album with a UK tour and by opening for the Chameleons on a North American tour. The title track appeared on NME's C86. Happy Head was rereleased in 2022 as part of the Inside Out box set.

## Production

The album was produced by Stephen Street. Its music was influenced primarily by the Sex Pistols, the Teardrop Explodes, and Echo and the Bunnymen. Most of the songs were written by guitarist David Newton, with the entire band working on the arrangements. The album was recorded quickly; singer Paul Marsh later expressed dissatisfaction with the results. All of the songs are about relationships.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Reno Gazette-Journal | |
| Tamworth Herald | |
The Washington Post stated that "the sunny outlook and artless charm of the four-man group's debut LP Happy Head hearkens back to the days of mop-top pop". The Toronto Star noted the "blend of hard-nosed rhythms and nifty melodic hooks." The Chicago Tribune labeled the album "mainstream rock, much of [which] has an aggressive, forceful undercurrent that suggests a familiarity with the late-'70s punk scene in Britain." NME concluded that "the Mighty Lemon Drops teeter precariously on the brink of mediocrity."
The Gazette called it "catchy pop that mixes Byrds' guitars with Echo and the Bunnymen mood." The Omaha World-Herald said that Happy Head "benefits from the Lemon Drops' special blend of punk energy and pop instincts, a style not unlike Australia's Hoodoo Gurus." Trouser Press determined that it "offers the neo-psychedelia of early Echo played with a ringing Rickenbacker as the lead instrument and a less mannered (and less interesting) vocalist."
# An Prefecture (Guangxi)

Anzhou (Chinese: 安州; pinyin: Ānzhōu) was a prefecture (州) created by the Liang dynasty.
Initially, its prefecture seat was at Songshou county (宋寿县, located on the northwest banks of the Qin River, northeast of modern Qinzhou), which was a part of Songshou commandery (宋寿郡). After the Sui conquest of Chen, Songshou commandery was abolished. In 598, Anzhou was changed into Qinzhou prefecture, and its prefecture seat of Songshou county became part of the Ningyue commandery (宁越郡).