OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# HMS Tartar (1756)

HMS Tartar was a 28-gun sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy.

## Naval career

Tartar was designed by Sir Thomas Slade and based on Lyme of 1748, "with such alterations as may tend to the better stowing of men and carrying for guns."
The ship was first commissioned in March 1756 under Captain John Lockhart, and earned a reputation as a fast sailer during service in the English Channel. She made many captures of French ships during the Seven Years' War, including 4 in 1756 and 7 the following year.
Vessels captured or sunk by Tartar during the Seven Years' War :
| Date | Ship | Home port | Type | Fate |
| August 1756 | Le Cerf | Saint-Malo, France | Privateer, 24 guns & 200 crew | Captured, 23 killed |
| By October 1656 | Hero | Saint-Malo, France | Privateer, 14 guns & 162 crew | Captured, 1 killed |
| October 1656 | Le Grand Gideon | Granville, France | Privateer, 22 guns & 215 crew | Captured, 7 killed |
| October 1756 | Le Montrozier | La Rochelle, France | Privateer, 3 guns & 190 crew | Captured, 58 killed |
| March 1757 | La Victoire | Le Havre, France | Privateer, 24 guns & 275 crew | Captured, 30 killed |
| April 1757 | Le Duc d'Aguillon | Saint-Malo, France | Privateer, 26 guns & 303 crew | Captured, 47 killed |
| May 1757 | La Penelope | Morlaix, France | Privateer, 18 guns & 190 crew | Captured, 14 killed |
| October 1757 | La Comtesse de Gramont | Not recorded | Privateer, 18 guns | Captured |
| November 1757 | La Melpomene | Bayonne, France | Privateer, 26 guns | Captured |
During the peace that followed, the ship sailed to Barbados carrying a timekeeper built by John Harrison, as a part of a series of experiments used to determine longitude at sea.
American Revolutionary War:On 9 October, 1776 she was in action on the Hudson River, with HMS Roebuck and HMS Phoenix, forced her way upstream, whilst engaging, on either side, the two forts of Washington and Lee. The next day she, HMS Roebuck, and HMS Phoenix captured the abandoned Connecticut Navy galley "Crane" in the Hudson River. She destroyed an American vessel off New Jersey 1 April 1777. and capturing the Spanish Santa Margarita of 28 guns off Cape Finisterre on 11 November 1779.
She went on to see further service during the French Revolutionary War. On 14 December the French frigate Minerve captured off the island of Ivica the collier Hannibal, which was sailing from Liverpool to Naples. However, eleven days later, Tartar recaptured Hannibal off Toulon and sent her into Corsica.
Tartar was part of the fleet under Lord Hood that occupied Toulon in August 1793. With HMS Courageux, Meleager, Egmont and Robust, she covered the landing, on 27 August, of 1500 troops sent to remove the republicans occupying the forts guarding the port. Once the forts were secure, the remainder of Hood's fleet, accompanied by 17 Spanish ships-of-the-line which had just arrived, sailed into the harbour. Tartar was wrecked off Saint-Domingue on 1 April 1797.
# Alpes Cottiae

The Alpes Cottiae (Latin pronunciation:; English: 'Cottian Alps') was a small province of the Roman Empire founded in 63 AD by Emperor Nero. It was one of the three provinces straddling the Alps between modern France and Italy, along with the Alpes Graiae et Poeninae and Alpes Maritimae.
The capital of the province was Segusio (modern Susa, Piedmont). Other important settlements were located at Eburodunum and Brigantio (Briançon). Named after the 1st-century BC ruler of the region, Marcus Julius Cottius, the toponym survives today in the Cottian Alps.

## History

The province had its origin in a local chiefdom controlled by the enfranchised king Marcus Julius Donnus, who ruled over Ligurian tribes of the region by the middle of the 1st century BC. He was succeeded by his son, Marcus Julius Cottius, who offered no opposition to the integration of his realm into the Roman imperial system under Emperor Augustus in 15–14 BC, then kept on ruling on native tribes as a praefectus civitatium of a Regnum Cotti.
After the death of his son Cottius II in 63 AD, the region was annexed by Emperor Nero and made into a procuratorial province known as provincia Alpium Cottiarum.
During the reign of Diocletian (284–305), the western part of the province was transferred to the Alpes Maritimae, and the eastern part allocated under a praeses to the Diocese of Italy.

## Settlements

Settlements in Alpes Cottiae included:
* Ad Fines (Malano) ("mansio", customs post)
* Ocelum (Celle) ("oppidum", Celtic village)
* Ad Duodecimum (Saint-Didier) ("mutatio")
* Segusio (Susa) (capital)
* Venausio (Venaus) (oppidum)
* Scingomagus / Excingomagus (Exilles) (oppidum, possibly Donnus's capital)
* Caesao / Goesao (Cesana Torinese) ("castrum")
* Ad Martes Ultor (late imperial "Ulcense") (Oulx) ("castrum")
* Brigantium (Briançon) (mansio)
* Mons Matronae (Mont Genèvre)
# Big Neck Records

Big Neck Records is an independent record label founded and operated by Bart Hart. It was started in Buffalo, New York in 1995 with the release of the first Blowtops and Baseball Furies 7-inch EPs (Voodoo Alley and This Is the World's Greatest Rock & Roll Record, respectively) as an offshoot of The Sanctuary nightclub. Hart opened The Sanctuary in 1995 after abandoning his previous nightclub, Asbury Alley, and it hosted many related bands and performers. Big Neck moved to Washington D.C. The label produces garage, punk, and rockabilly acts.

## Roster

* Bart and the Brats
* The Baseball Furies
* The Blowtops
* Concubine Forming
* Fire Heads
* Hollywood
* The Hussy
* Lost Sounds
* The Ponys
* Radio Beats
* Red Red Red
* Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
* Tractor Sex Fatality
* The Trailerpark Tornados
* The Tyrades
* Sonny Vincent
* Violent Lovers Club
* Wood Chickens
# Allman Bay

Allman Bay is an arm of Nares Strait, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in eastern Ellesmere Island, southwest of the southern edge of the Darling Peninsula. Dobbin Bay is 28 km (17 mi) to the northeast. Cape Prescott is the headland to the west of the entrance.

## Exploration

Admiral Sir George Nares explored the bay during his voyage of 1875–1876.
During the period of August 18, 1898, through August 2, 1899, American explorer Robert Peary's ship was ice-bound in Allman Bay.
# Fort Frances Times

The Fort Frances Times is an independently-owned weekly publication based in Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada, published each Wednesday. A supplemental issue called the Bulletin of the Fort Frances Times ("The Daily Bulletin") is released on Tuesday & Thursday. It is a member of the Ontario Community Newspapers Association (OCNA) and the Canadian Community Newspapers Association (CCNA). The Fort Frances Times has captured the stories and the history of the town of Fort Frances and the Rainy River District for over 127 years, one of the longest-running businesses in the region, since 1896. Locally owned for almost its entire existence, the Times was purchased from the Cumming family in 2019 by London Publishing, but continues to be a community-based newspaper and publishing company. The weekly circulation as of June 2022 was 2,840.
# HMS Wager

Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Wager. Another was planned but later cancelled:
* HMS Wager (1739) was a 24-gun sixth rate purchased in 1739 and wrecked in 1741.
* HMS Wager (1744) was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1744 and sold in 1763.
* HMS Wager was to have been a modified W-class destroyer. She was laid down in 1918 but was cancelled later that year.
* HMS Wager (R98) was a W-class destroyer launched in 1943. She was sold to the Yugoslav Navy in 1956 and renamed Pula, and was withdrawn from service in 1971.
# Benezette, Pennsylvania

Benezette, also known as Benezett, is an unincorporated community in Elk County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on the Bennett Branch and Pennsylvania Route 555, 11.9 miles (19.2 km) southeast of St. Mary's. Benezette has a post office with ZIP code 15821.
# Force Concept Inventory

The Force Concept Inventory is a test measuring mastery of concepts commonly taught in a first semester of physics developed by Hestenes, Halloun, Wells, and Swackhamer (1985). It was the first such "concept inventory" and several others have been developed since for a variety of topics. The FCI was designed to assess student understanding of the Newtonian concepts of force. Hestenes (1998) found that while "nearly 80% of the [students completing introductory college physics courses] could state Newton's Third Law at the beginning of the course, FCI data showed that less than 15% of them fully understood it at the end". These results have been replicated in a number of studies involving students at a range of institutions (see sources section below), and have led to greater recognition in the physics education research community of the importance of students' "active engagement" with the materials to be mastered.
The 1995 version has 30 five-way multiple choice questions.
Example question (question 4):
   A large truck collides head-on with a small compact car. During the collision:
   * the truck exerts a greater amount of force on the car than the car exerts on the truck.
   * the car exerts a greater amount of force on the truck than the truck exerts on the car.
   * neither exerts a force on the other, the car gets smashed simply because it gets in the way of the truck.
   * the truck exerts a force on the car but the car does not exert a force on the truck.
   * the truck exerts the same amount of force on the car as the car exerts on the truck.

## Gender differences

The FCI shows a gender difference in favor of males that has been the subject of some research. Men score on average about 10% higher.
# Asthenotricha anisobapta

Asthenotricha anisobapta is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Louis Beethoven Prout in 1932. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.
# Harry Ranken

Harry Sherwood Ranken VC (3 September 1883 – 25 September 1914) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Details

Harry Ranken graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1905, and joined the British Army in 1909. Ranken was 31 years old, and a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps, British Army, attached to 1st Battalion, The King's Royal Rifle Corps during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.
On 19 and 20 September 1914 at Haute-Avesnes, France, Captain Ranken was severely wounded in the leg whilst attending to his duties on the battlefield under shrapnel and rifle fire. He arrested the bleeding from this and bound it up, then continued to dress the wounds of his men, sacrificing his own chance of survival to their needs. When he finally permitted himself to be carried to the rear his case had become almost desperate and he died on 25 September.
Ranken is buried in Braine Communal Cemetery.

## Legacy

Ranken worked at the Brook fever hospital in South East London, which was on the site adjacent to the Royal Herbert Military Hospital; the original hospital designed on the principles laid down by Florence Nightingale after the Crimean war. When the military hospital moved across the road to a new set of buildings around 1977 - the Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital - the administration block at the QE was named after him - Ranken House. The QE has since been largely rebuilt and is now a civilian hospital, but the name has been preserved. Harry Ranken's photograph and a copy of his citation are still proudly displayed in the reception area of Ranken House.

## The medal

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Army Medical Services Museum (Aldershot, England).
# Bolbocerosoma

Bolbocerosoma (sometimes misspelled as Bolbocerasoma) is a genus of earth-boring scarab beetles in the family Bolboceratidae. There are about 13 described species in Bolbocerosoma.

## Species

* Bolbocerosoma biplagiatum Dawson and McColloch, 1924
* Bolbocerosoma bruneri Dawson & Mccolloch, 1924
* Bolbocerosoma cartwrighti Howden, 1955
* Bolbocerosoma confusum Brown, 1928
* Bolbocerosoma elongatum Howden, 1955
* Bolbocerosoma farctum (Fabricius, 1775) (fancy dung beetle)
* Bolbocerosoma hamatum Brown, 1929
* Bolbocerosoma lepidissimum Brown, 1928
* Bolbocerosoma mexicanum Howden, 2005
* Bolbocerosoma pusillum Dawson & Mccolloch, 1924
* Bolbocerosoma quadricornum Robinson, 1941
* Bolbocerosoma ritcheri Howden, 1955
* Bolbocerosoma tumefactum (Palisot de Beauvois, 1809)
# Beneziphius

Beneziphius is an extinct genus of ziphiid cetacean known from late Miocene to Pliocene marine deposits in Belgium and fishing grounds off Spain. The genus name honors Pierre-Joseph van Beneden, who pioneered the study of Neogene marine mammals from Belgium.

## Taxonomy

Two species are known, B. brevirostris and B. cetariensis. Beneziphius differs from other primitive beaked whales ("Messapicetus clade" sensu Bianucci et al. 2016) in having ankylosed thickened premaxillae dorsally roofing the mesorostral groove for most of its length. The two species of Beneziphius differ from each other in their size, rostral length, premaxillary length, and features of the premaxillary sac fossa.
# Fontaines-Saint-Martin

Fontaines-Saint-Martin (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.
# Acanthicus hystrix

Acanthicus hystrix, the lyre-tail pleco, is a species of armored catfish native to the Amazon, Tocantins–Araguaia and Orinoco basins. It is typically found at various depths on a rock or rock–gravel bottom in the main channel of rivers in places with moderate to strong current, although it also occurs in slow currents. The species is occasionally seen in the aquarium trade, but its adult size and territorially aggressive behavior means that a very large tank is required.

## Appearance

It grows to 62.8 cm (2.06 ft) in standard length, but may possibly reach 100 cm (3.3 ft). Its color ranges from medium-brown to near-black (especially those from the Madeira, Branco and Xingu rivers are dark), and the underparts often have a vermiculated pattern. Some of the variants are commonly considered as separate, undescribed species in the aquarium trade (e.g., L193 from the Orinoco basin and L407 from the Branco basin; in the L-number system), but there is extensive overlap in the morphometrics of the different populations. Unlike the polka dot lyre-tail pleco (A. adonis), A. hystrix never has white spots. Adult males are especially spiny with extensive odontodes on the cheeks and opercle.
# Actina viridis

Actina viridis is a species of soldier fly in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Adams Fall

Adams Fall is writer Sean Desmond's first novel. It recounts the events which occur to a college student in his senior year at Harvard University. In the midst of completing his thesis and applying for a study abroad program, the narrator copes with his stresses by resorting to alcohol and other drugs.
Adams House, a real House at Harvard, features prominently in the novel; the author is himself a Harvard graduate.
The novel was the (loose) basis for the 2002 film Abandon starring Katie Holmes.
# Büyükpınar, Şehitkamil

Büyükpınar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Şehitkamil, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,477 (2022).
# Büyükpörnekler, Aksaray

Büyükpörnekler (also: Pörnekler) is a village in the Aksaray District, Aksaray Province, Turkey. Its population is 393 (2021). The village is populated by Kurds.
# Schweigmatt

Schweigmatt is a hamlet located in the southern Black Forest of Germany at an altitude of 780 metres. It belongs to the village of Raitbach and is part of the municipality of Schopfheim in the district of Lörrach. Schweigmatt lies beneath the 985 m peak of the Hohe Möhr, from which it is possible to see as far as the Swiss Alps and Jura Mountains across the Rhine River.
This hamlet was first mentioned in documents in 1113, but gained international recognition only recently as the birthplace of actress Q'orianka Kilcher.
# Sclerodistomidae

Sclerodistomidae is a family of trematodes belonging to the order Plagiorchiida.
Genera:
* Eurycoelum Brock, 1886
* Kenmackenzia Gibson, 1983
* Prosogonotrema Vigueras, 1940
* Prosorchiopsis Dollfus, 1947
* Prosorchis Yamaguti, 1934
* Sclerodistomum Looss, 1912
# Adderley Green

Adderley Green is a village in Staffordshire, England. It is included in the township of Longton with the population at the 2011 census being listed under the Stoke Ward of Sandford Hill. It was a centre for mining activities in the 19th century.
In 2010 the Adderley Green Residents Association began an annual Summer Festival. The Festival is in July each year and includes live music, football matches and stalls.

## Bus depots

D&G Bus and First Potteries have their bus depots in Adderley Green.
# Schwyz railway station

Schwyz railway station (German: Bahnhof Schwyz) is a railway station in the municipality of Schwyz, the capital of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. Opened in 1882, it is owned and operated by the Swiss Federal Railways, and forms part of the Gotthard railway, which links northern Switzerland and Immensee with Chiasso and Italy, via the Gotthard Tunnel.
The station is located in the village of Seewen in the middle of the Schwyz valley, about 2 km (1.2 mi) northwest of the town centre, between the Grosser Mythen and the Urmiberg.

## History

Schwyz railway station was opened in 1882, as the Gotthardbahn began operations. When the Gotthardbahn was nationalised in 1909, the station came into the ownership of the SBB-CFF-FFS.
In 1900, the Schwyzer Strassenbahnen electric tramway opened their first line, from the station to the Schwyz Post stop in the town centre. In 1914 and 1915, the line was extended through the town centre to Brunnen railway station and the Brunnen ferry terminal. The line closed in 1963, and was replaced by bus services.
In 1979 and 1980, the entire station was redeveloped. The station building was demolished and replaced with the present, post-modern buildings. Also, the platform system was renewed, and the sidings removed.

## Facilities

The railway facilities at the station include four through tracks, three of which face a railway platform. However, only the island platform facing tracks 2 (towards Brunnen) and 3 (towards Steinen and Arth-Goldau) is used for scheduled passenger trains. The platform nearest the station building (Swiss Standard German: Hausperron), facing track 1, is only 100 metres (330 ft) long and has no regularly scheduled trains. Tracks 1 and track 4, which has no platform, are used for overtaking trains.
There are also still some sidings and connecting tracks, mainly for the Schwyzerland cheese factory, KIBAG, Arthur Weber Stahl and Zeughausareal Seewen.

## Services

As of the December 2020 timetable change, the following services stop at Schwyz:
* InterRegio: hourly service between Locarno and Arth-Goldau; trains continue to Basel SBB or Zürich Hauptbahnhof.
* Zug Stadtbahn S2: hourly service between Baar Lindenpark and Erstfeld.
* Lucerne S-Bahn S3: hourly service between Lucerne and Brunnen.

## Bus traffic

The bus station is next to the station building and has three bus platforms. Several bus routes operated by the Auto AG Schwyz company link the station with the Schwyz town centre in about five minutes:
* Line 1: Lauerz – Schwyz – Muotathal
* Line 3: Seewen – Ibach – Schwyz – Rickenbach
# Schwyzer

Schwyzer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eduard Schwyzer (1874–1943), Swiss linguist
* Hugo Schwyzer (born 1967), American professor and writer
* Philip Schwyzer (born 1970), American-British author and educator
# Adam Silo

Adam Silo (Amsterdam, 25 December 1674 - Amsterdam, 1760) was a Dutch painter who specialized in maritime scenes — particularly naval ships, but also trading and whaling vessels. He also wrote books on art and gave drawing lessons to Russian Tsar Peter the Great.
Paintings by Silo can be found at the Amsterdams Historisch Museum in Amsterdam, the Maritiem Museum Rotterdam, the Hermitage in Saint Petersburg, the National Maritime Museum in London and the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, among others. The Hermitage, for instance, has a 1730s work by Silo showing fleet maneuvers in the Zuiderzee during Peter the Great's visit to Amsterdam. The Amsterdams Historisch Museum has the only dated painting by Silo, showing a fleet of whalers off Amsterdam: Het IJ met een vloot walvisvaarders gezien vanaf het bolwerk Blauwhoofd (1729).
Silo was born on Christmas Day, 1674, and baptized on the 30th. At the age of 21, when he married, he was making gold thread and also worked as a ship's carpenter. He later worked, until the age of 30, as a master ship's builder and sea captain. Around 1694, he became a pupil of the artist Theodor van Pee (circa 1668-1746) and learned to paint.
In 1697, he gave instruction in the drawing of ships to Peter the Great, who was visiting Amsterdam at the time. Notes made by the tsar during these lessons have survived. Peter the Great also purchased some of Silo's paintings.
The multitalented Silo produced not only paintings but also prints and drawings, which also exclusively depicted maritime scenes. Over 20 etchings by Silo are known. He also experimented with the mezzotint technique. In his later years, he worked as an instrument builder, making musical instruments, binoculars, magnifying glasses, and telescopes, among others. He also produced wax models.
Silo wrote a number of books, including Afteekeningen van verscheidene soorten en charters van schepen en andere vaartuigen ("Drawings of various types of ships and other vessels", 1757).
He lived to over 80 years of age, and was buried on 8 October 1760 at the Leidse Kerkhof cemetery in Amsterdam.

## Sources

* Artnet / Grove Dictionary of Art
* Kollenburg Antiquairs (Dutch, archived)
* Jan Wagenaar, Amsterdam in zyne opkomst, aanwas, geschiedenissen, voorregten, koophandel, gebouwen, kerkenstaat, schoolen, schutterye, gilden en regeeringe (1767), deel 11, pp. 435–436 (Dutch)
* Hendrick Collot d'Escury van Heinenoord, Holland's roem in kunsten en wetenschappen (1826), deel 3, p. 29 (Dutch)
* Jacobus Kok, Vaderlandsch woordenboek (1792), deel 27-28, p. 83 (Dutch)
# Scopula peractaria

Scopula peractaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in New Guinea.
# Scopula permutata

Scopula permutata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Mongolia, Russia and Tibet.
# Băleni

Băleni may refer to several places in Romania:
* Băleni, a commune in Dâmboviţa County
* Băleni, a commune in Galați County
* Băleni, a village in Lazuri de Beiuș Commune, Bihor County
# Bălești

Băleşti may refer to several places in Romania:
* Băleşti, a commune in Gorj County
* Băleşti, a commune in Vrancea County
* Băleşti, a village in Bistra Commune, Alba County
* Băleşti, a village in Cozmeşti Commune, Vaslui County
# Scrapper

Scrapper may refer to:

## Film and television

* The Scrapper, a 1917 short Western film directed by John Ford
* Scrappers, a 2010 feature documentary film
* Scrappers, a 2010 reality television show on Spike TV
* Scrapper (2011 film), a short film
* Scrapper (2013), an independent film starring Michael Beach, Anna Giles and Aidan Gillen
* Scrapper (2023 film), a British film

## Fictional characters

* Scrapper (Transformers), several Transformers characters
* Scrapper Griswell, a character in the comic strip Striker
* Scrapper, a cat in the animated TV series Mr. Bean
* Scrapper Smith, one of Lord Snooty's Pals in the Beano

## Other uses

* Someone who collects and sells scrap
* Someone who illegally collects and sells metal as scrap; see Metal theft
* A scrapbooker
* Scrapper Blackwell, 1903–1962, American blues guitarist and singer
* Scrappers, a role-playing game by Privateer Press
* Mahoning Valley Scrappers, a minor league baseball club based in Niles, Ohio, USA
* Nashville Scrappers, the sports team of Nashville High School in Nashville, Arkansas, US