# Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres

The men's 400 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea took place between 24 and 28 September 1988. Seventy-five athletes from 55 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at three since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.06 seconds by Steve Lewis of the United States, the second in what would ultimately be seven consecutive American victories stretching from 1984 to 2008. As of May 2024, this remains the narrowest winning margin in the event since the introduction of fully automatic timing. The United States swept the podium in the event for the third time, having previously done so in 1904 and 1968.

## Summary

It always promised to be a classic. The clear favourite was the legendary American Harry "Butch" Reynolds. He had set a new world record of 43.29 seconds six weeks before. Reynolds breezed through the heats and into the final.
The final, ran on Thursday September 28, 1988, started somewhat as expected, with Reynolds holding back and saving himself for his normal strong finish. To the surprise of most watching a young American Steve Lewis went out strong from the start and gave Reynolds a run for his money. Entering the home straight Lewis was leading and Reynolds charging back at him but Reynolds left it too late and the 19yr old Lewis hung on for victory in an amazing time of 43.87sec. Reynolds finished second and Danny Everett third for an American sweep. The same trio was also involved with Kevin Robinzine in winning the 4 × 400 m relay.
The career of Lewis was blighted by injury although he did compete in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, placing second in 400m and being part of the American quartet who took gold in 4 × 400 m relay.

## Background

This was the 21st appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. None of the Americans from 1984 returned, but all five non-American finalists did: silver medalist Gabriel Tiacoh of the Ivory Coast, fourth-place finisher Darren Clark of Australia, sixth-place finisher Sunday Uti and seventh-place finisher Innocent Egbunike of Nigeria, and Bert Cameron of Jamaica (who had qualified for but did not start the Los Angeles final due to injury). The new American team was favored, however; Butch Reynolds had just broken the 20-year-old world record, and Danny Everett and Steve Lewis were strong contenders. The 1987 world champion, Thomas Schönlebe of East Germany, was also a significant challenger.
Bangladesh, Honduras, Indonesia, the Maldives, Mali, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, South Korea, Vanuatu, the (U.S.) Virgin Islands, and Zaire appeared in this event for the first time; the Republic of China had previously competed, but now appeared as Chinese Taipei for the first time. The United States made its 20th appearance, most of any nation, having missed only the boycotted 1980 Games.

## Competition format

The competition retained the basic four-round format from 1920. The "fastest loser" system, introduced in 1964, was used for the first round. There were 10 first-round heats, each with 7 or 8 runners. The top three runners in each heat advanced, along with the next two fastest overall. The 32 quarterfinalists were divided into 4 quarterfinals with 8 runners each; the top four athletes in each quarterfinal heat advanced to the semifinals, with no "fastest loser" spots. The semifinals featured 2 heats of 8 runners each. The top four runners in each semifinal heat advanced, making an eight-man final.

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in seconds) prior to the 1976 Summer Olympics.
| World record | Butch Reynolds (USA) | 43.29 | Zürich, Switzerland | 17 August 1988 |
| Olympic record | Lee Evans (USA) | 43.86 | Mexico City, Mexico | 18 October 1968 |
No world or Olympic records were set during this event.

## Schedule

Following the 1984 schedule, the event was held on four separate days, with each round being on a different day.
All times are Korea Standard Time adjusted for daylight savings (UTC+10)
| Date | Time | Round |
| Saturday, 24 September 1988 | 9:30 | Round 1 |
| Sunday, 25 September 1988 | 12:20 | Quarterfinals |
| Monday, 26 September 1988 | 15:45 | Semifinals |
| Wednesday, 28 September 1988 | 12:55 | Final |

## Results
### Round 1
#### Heat 1

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | Todd Bennett | Great Britain | 46.37 | Q |
| 2 | 7 | Miles Murphy | Australia | 46.38 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Anton Skerritt | Canada | 46.64 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | Richard Louis | Barbados | 46.80 | |
| 5 | 8 | Felix Sandy | Sierra Leone | 46.82 | |
| 6 | 5 | Gustavo Envela | Equatorial Guinea | 48.11 | |
| 7 | 6 | Joe Rodan | Fiji | 48.69 | |
| 8 | 1 | Odiya Silweya | Malawi | 49.73 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 7 | Brian Whittle | Great Britain | 46.07 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Gaietà Cornet | Spain | 46.16 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Butch Reynolds | United States | 46.28 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | Seibert Straughn | Barbados | 47.37 | |
| 5 | 1 | Filipe Lombá | Portugal | 47.57 | |
| 6 | 5 | Ali Faudet | Chad | 48.69 | |
| 7 | 2 | Baptiste Firiam | Vanuatu | 51.77 | |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Mohamed Amer Al-Malki | Oman | 46.79 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Lucas Sang | Kenya | 46.85 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Ousmane Diarra | Senegal | 46.86 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | Douglas Kalembo | Zambia | 47.44 | |
| 5 | 8 | Mohamed Hossain Milzer | Bangladesh | 48.76 | |
| 6 | 1 | Akossi Gnalo | Togo | 51.46 | |
| — | 7 | Sérgio de Menezes | Brazil | DNF | |
| — | — | William Taramai | Cook Islands | DNS | |

#### Heat 4

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Ian Morris | Trinidad and Tobago | 45.84 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Thomas Schönlebe | East Germany | 47.07 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Sunday Uti | Nigeria | 47.08 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Lin Kuang-liang | Chinese Taipei | 48.18 | |
| 5 | 8 | Ernest Tché-Noubossie | Cameroon | 48.31 | |
| 6 | 7 | Haji Bakr Al-Qahtani | Saudi Arabia | 48.53 | |
| 7 | 6 | Enock Musonda | Zambia | 49.21 | |
| 8 | 5 | Ahmed Shageef | Maldives | 50.61 | |

#### Heat 5

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 7 | Steve Lewis | United States | 45.31 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Jens Carlowitz | East Germany | 45.64 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Gabriel Tiacoh | Ivory Coast | 47.19 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | Jean-Didiace Bémou | Republic of the Congo | 48.46 | |
| 5 | 2 | Abdullah Ali Ahmed | Libya | 48.89 | |
| 6 | 4 | Jonathan Chipalo | Zambia | 48.97 | |
| 7 | 1 | Maher Abbas | Lebanon | 51.29 | |
| 8 | 8 | Carlton Usher | Belize | 51.42 | |

#### Heat 6

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 6 | Gérson de Souza | Brazil | 45.90 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Howard Davis | Jamaica | 45.97 | Q |
| 3 | 8 | Takale Tuna | Papua New Guinea | 47.87 | Q |
| 4 | 7 | Sunday Maweni | Botswana | 47.97 | |
| 5 | 5 | Sulaiman Juma Al-Habsi | Oman | 48.30 | |
| 6 | 3 | Nordin Mohamed Jadi | Malaysia | 49.52 | |
| 7 | 1 | Michael Williams | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 51.22 | |

#### Heat 7

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 7 | Darren Clark | Australia | 45.93 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Simeon Kipkemboi | Kenya | 46.15 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Elvis Forde | Barbados | 46.47 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | Elijah Nkala | Zimbabwe | 46.60 | |
| 5 | 1 | Antonio Sánchez | Spain | 47.18 | |
| 6 | 6 | Jaime Rodrigues | Mozambique | 47.33 | |
| 7 | 2 | Aouf Abdul Rahman Youssef | Iraq | 47.45 | |
| 8 | 8 | Desai Wynter | Virgin Islands | 48.39 | |

#### Heat 8

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Bert Cameron | Jamaica | 46.24 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Rob Stone | Australia | 46.52 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Dawda Jallow | The Gambia | 46.91 | Q |
| 4 | 8 | Yun Nam-han | South Korea | 47.02 | |
| 5 | 1 | John Goville | Uganda | 47.11 | |
| 6 | 5 | Muhammad Fayyaz | Pakistan | 47.13 | |
| 7 | 7 | Yaya Seyba | Mali | 48.83 | |
| 8 | 4 | Alfred Browne | Antigua and Barbuda | 48.92 | |

#### Heat 9

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Danny Everett | United States | 45.63 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Devon Morris | Jamaica | 45.95 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Tomasz Jędrusik | Poland | 46.12 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Patrick Delice | Trinidad and Tobago | 46.14 | q |
| 5 | 5 | Slobodan Branković | Yugoslavia | 46.59 | |
| 6 | 7 | Jorge Fidel Ponce | Honduras | 51.11 | |
| — | 8 | Mwana Bute Kasongo | Zaire | DSQ | |

#### Heat 10

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 5 | Susumu Takano | Japan | 45.42 | Q |
| 2 | 7 | Troy Douglas | Bermuda | 45.69 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Innocent Egbunike | Nigeria | 46.02 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Elkana Nyangau | Kenya | 46.25 | q |
| 5 | 3 | Ismail Mačev | Yugoslavia | 46.37 | |
| 6 | 8 | Elieser Wattebosi | Indonesia | 47.10 | |
| 7 | 2 | Willis Todman | British Virgin Islands | 50.11 | |

### Quarterfinals
#### Quarterfinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 6 | Ian Morris | Trinidad and Tobago | 44.70 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Jens Carlowitz | East Germany | 45.09 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Brian Whittle | Great Britain | 45.22 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | Tomasz Jędrusik | Poland | 45.27 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Sunday Uti | Nigeria | 45.33 | |
| 6 | 2 | Miles Murphy | Australia | 45.93 | |
| 7 | 1 | Dawda Jallow | The Gambia | 46.35 | |
| 8 | 8 | Elvis Forde | Barbados | 46.59 | |

#### Quarterfinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 5 | Danny Everett | United States | 44.33 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Innocent Egbunike | Nigeria | 45.02 | Q |
| 3 | 7 | Thomas Schönlebe | East Germany | 45.09 | Q |
| 4 | 8 | Bert Cameron | Jamaica | 45.16 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | Simeon Kipkemboi | Kenya | 45.44 | |
| 6 | 2 | Todd Bennett | Great Britain | 45.96 | |
| 7 | 1 | Ousmane Diarra | Senegal | 46.23 | |
| 8 | 4 | Troy Douglas | Bermuda | 46.28 | |

#### Quarterfinal 3

| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 5 | Steve Lewis | United States | 44.41 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Darren Clark | Australia | 44.96 | Q |
| 3 | 8 | Mohamed Amer Al-Malki | Oman | 45.01 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Devon Morris | Jamaica | 45.30 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | Gaietà Cornet | Spain | 45.39 | |
| 6 | 2 | Anton Skerritt | Canada | 46.08 | |
| 7 | 1 | Elkana Nyangau | Kenya | 46.09 | |
| 8 | 7 | Takale Tuna | Papua New Guinea | 47.48 | |

#### Quarterfinal 4

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Butch Reynolds | United States | 44.46 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Susumu Takano | Japan | 45.00 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Gérson de Souza | Brazil | 45.35 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Howard Davis | Jamaica | 45.40 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Gabriel Tiacoh | Ivory Coast | 45.49 | |
| 6 | 8 | Lucas Sang | Kenya | 45.72 | |
| 7 | 4 | Patrick Delice | Trinidad and Tobago | 45.75 | |
| 8 | 2 | Rob Stone | Australia | 46.04 | |

### Semifinals
#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Steve Lewis | United States | 44.35 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Danny Everett | United States | 44.36 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Darren Clark | Australia | 44.38 | Q |
| 4 | 8 | Bertland Cameron | Jamaica | 44.50 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | Susumu Takano | Japan | 44.90 | |
| 6 | 2 | Jens Carlowitz | East Germany | 45.08 | |
| 7 | 7 | Gerson Souza | Brazil | 45.27 | |
| 8 | 1 | Tomasz Jędrusik | Poland | 46.17 | |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 6 | Butch Reynolds | United States | 44.33 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Ian Morris | Trinidad and Tobago | 44.60 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Mohamed Amer Al-Malki | Oman | 44.69 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | Innocent Egbunike | Nigeria | 44.74 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Thomas Schönlebe | East Germany | 44.90 | |
| 6 | 1 | Howard Davis | Jamaica | 45.48 | |
| 7 | 8 | Devon Morris | Jamaica | 45.68 | |
| 8 | 7 | Brian Whittle | Great Britain | 46.07 | |

### Final

Lewis' winning margin of 0.06 seconds remains the smallest winning margin in the history of the event.
| Rank | Lane | Athlete | Nation | Time |
| | 6 | Steve Lewis | United States | 43.87 |
| | 3 | Butch Reynolds | United States | 43.93 |
| | 4 | Danny Everett | United States | 44.09 |
| 4 | 5 | Darren Clark | Australia | 44.55 |
| 5 | 7 | Innocent Egbunike | Nigeria | 44.72 |
| 6 | 2 | Bertland Cameron | Jamaica | 44.94 |
| 7 | 8 | Ian Morris | Trinidad and Tobago | 44.95 |
| 8 | 1 | Mohamed Amer Al-Malki | Oman | 45.03 |