OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alabama Thunderpussy

Alabama Thunderpussy, originally spelled Alabama Thunder Pussy, is an American heavy metal band from Richmond, Virginia. It was founded by Bryan Cox, Erik Larson and Asechiah Bogdan in 1996.

## History

Bryan Cox, Erik Larson and Asechiah Bogdan founded ATP in 1996. Bill Storms and Johnny Throckmorton completed the lineup, and the band signed to Man's Ruin Records in 1998. They released their debut album Rise Again later that year and recorded River City Revival, which was released in 1999. 2000 brought Constellation.
The band released a split with Halfway to Gone the same year. The split was the first time that the band was billed as Alabama Thunderpussy. 2002's Staring at the Divine followed. Alabama Thunderpussy parted ways with Man's Ruin and singer Johnny Throckmorton later that year, signing to Relapse Records and hiring new frontman Johnny Weills. Weills performed vocals on the album Fulton Hill, released in May 2004. By the time of the following album, Open Fire, Weills had left the band to form Danballah in Columbus, Ohio. He was replaced by Kyle Thomas, formerly of New Orleans bands Floodgate and Exhorder.
Members of ATP have appeared in many side projects. Larson has released two discs under his name, the most recent in 2005. Larson has also appeared in the side project Axehandle with Bryan Cox and Ryan Lake. Erik also appears in another side project group Birds of Prey with a release from July 25, 2006. Erik Larson was also the former drummer for AVAIL. Bryan Cox was a member of instrumental band Suzukiton and was on their one release, Service Repair Handbook. Bogdan was a member of Windhand between 2009 and 2015.
Former vocalist Johnny Throckmorton is now the vocalist for Richmond, Virginia-based Before the Machine.
Open Fire, the band's most recent CD, was released March 6, 2007, on Relapse Records.
In 2022, Alabama Thunderpussy announced their first tour since 2007.

## Line-up

* Kyle Thomas – vocals (2006–2008, 2022–present)
* Erik Larson – guitar (1996–2008, 2022–present)
* Ryan Lake – guitar (2001–2008, 2022–present)
* Sam Krivanec – bass (1998–2001, 2022–present)
* Bryan Cox – drums (1996–2008, 2022–present)

### Former members

* Johnny Throckmorton – vocals (1996–2003)
* Johnny Weills – vocals (2003–2005)
* Asechiah "Cleetus LeRoque" Bogden – guitars (1996–2001)
* Bill Storms – bass (1996–1998; died 2001)
* John Peters – bass (2001–2005)
* Mike Bryant – bass (2006–2008)

### Timeline
## Discography
### Albums

* Rise Again (1998)
* River City Revival (1999)
* Constellation (2000)
* Staring at the Divine (2001)
* Fulton Hill (2004)
* Open Fire (2007)

### Split albums

* Alabama Thunderpussy/Halfway to Gone (2000)
* Orange Goblin/Alabama Thunderpussy (2000)

### Compilations

* Right in the Nuts: A Tribute to Aerosmith (July 10, 2000), Small Stone Records
* Sucking the 70's (2002), Small Stone Records
* Sucking the 70's – Back in the Saddle Again (2006), Small Stone Records
* For the Sick (March 20, 2007) Emetic Records
* On Your Knees: The Tribute to Judas Priest (2007)
# Fedotovia

Fedotovia is a genus of Asian ground spiders that was first described by Dmitry Kharitonov in 1946.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains four species:
* Fedotovia feti Fomichev & Marusik, 2015 – Mongolia
* Fedotovia mikhailovi Fomichev & Marusik, 2015 – Mongolia
* Fedotovia mongolica Marusik, 1993 – Mongolia
* Fedotovia uzbekistanica Charitonov, 1946 (type) – Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan
# Feletheus

Feletheus (also known as Feva, Feba, Foeba, Fevva, Fevvanus, Theuvanus; died 487) was the king of the Rugii from 475 to 487.

## Biography

Feletheus was the son of Flaccitheus, king of the Rugii and founder of the Kingdom of the Rugii. His brother was Ferderuchus. Feletheus was married to the Goth Gisa, who was probably the cousin of the Amal Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great. After the death of his father, probably in 475, Feletheus succeeded his father as king of the Rugii. Their territory at the time was based in Lower Austria. In 476, Feletheus supported Odoacer and his Scirian and Herulian allies in the overthrow of the Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus. Feletheus was a close confidant of Severinus of Noricum. After the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno attempted to create conflict between the Rugii and Odoacer, Feletheus executed his nephew Fredericus, who supported Odoacer. Odoacer subsequently invaded the Kingdom of the Rugii, utterly defeating them at a battle near present-day Vienna. Feletheus and his wife were captured, and executed in Ravenna in 487. Two years later, under his son Frideric, the Rugii joined the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great, who invaded Italy and defeated and murdered Odoacer in 493.

## Primary sources

* Eugippius: Vita Sancti Severini
* Paul the Deacon: History of the Lombards

## Secondary sources

* Pauly-Wissowa. Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (RE). Bd. 6,2. Stuttgart 1909, Sp. 2161f.
* Friedrich Lotter: Severinus von Noricum, Legende und historische Wirklichkeit: Untersuchungen zur Phase des Übergangs von spätantiken zu mittelalterlichen Denk- und Lebensformen. Stuttgart 1976.
* Arnold Hugh Martin Jones u.a.:The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire. Bd. 1, Cambridge 1971, ISBN 0-521-20159-4, ISBN 978-0-521-20159-9
* Walter Pohl: Die Gepiden und die gentes an der mittleren Donau nach dem Zerfall des Attilareiches. In: Herwig Wolfram, Falko Daim (Hrsg.): Die Völker an der mittleren und unteren Donau im fünften und sechsten Jahrhundert. Wien 1980, S. 239ff.
# Alard du Gaucquier

Alard du Gaucquier (c. 1534 – c. 1582) was a choirmaster at the Imperial Chapel of the Holy Roman Empire. He began composing noted Magnificats and masses in 1574.
According to the City Archives of Antwerp, Gaucquier was born in Lille sometime around 1534. Approximately in the year 1558 he entered the service of the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian II as a tenor singer.
At the January 1567 death of Jacobus Vaet, Gaucquier was appointed interim Kapellmeister and was given a trial. Evidently Emperor Maximillian II did not find Gaucquier entirely suitable to the role, for he appointed his ambassador to Rome, Count Prospero d'Arco, to find a permanent replacement for Vaet, with a note expressing dissatisfaction with Gaucquier's performance. He was indeed replaced by Philippe de Monte on 1 May 1568, but the position of vice-Kapellmeister was created specifically for Gaucquier. He was given a patent of nobility at the same time, acquiring a coat of arms depicting a nut tree. In addition to his court duties he was music teacher to the younger sons of Maximilian. In 1578, he requested release from his employment after having served the Holy Roman Emperor for twenty years, which was granted by Rudolf II along with a lifelong pension of 100 guilders. He moved to the Netherlands to become a conductor for his former pupil, Matthias, while the latter was acting as Governor-General there.
He received an invitation from Archduke Ferdinand II to become Kapellmeister at his Innsbruck court. Gaucquier left Brussels on 29 October 1581 to accept this position but he never arrived there. There is no further mention of Gaucquier until his widow was granted a pauper's pension of 50 florins in March, 1583.

## Works

In 1574 eight Magnificats, scored for four to six voices, were published in Venice. A set of four masses scored for five to eight voices was published in Antwerp in 1581. An additional four-voice mass has been attributed to him. His works are in cantus firmus, with significant instances of indirect chromaticism and dissonant false relations.
# Baw Baw, New South Wales

Baw Baw is a locality in the Goulburn Mulwaree Council, New South Wales, Australia. It lies about 7 km north of Goulburn and 95 km northeast of Canberra. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 260.
Baw Baw had a state public school from November 1879 to May 1941, except in 1937. This was described as a "public school" until October 1929, when it became a "half-time school".
# Baw Baw, Sierra Leone

Baw Baw is a fishing village around the peninsular in the Western Area Rural District of Sierra Leone. The major industry in the village is fishing; and most of its residents are fishermen. The village lies close to the sea and the peninsular beach. Baw Baw village lies about ten miles west of Freetown.
The village Of Baw Baw is largely inhabited by the Sherbro people. The village is known for its traditional secret society.

## History

The village of Baw Baw was founded by a group of Sherbro fishermen before colonial era as a settlement for the Sherbro people, who are native to Sierra Leone. The word Baw Baw is literally translated as "if you can make it through" in the Sherbro language.
# Femtosecond pulse shaping

In optics, femtosecond pulse shaping refers to manipulations with temporal profile of an ultrashort laser pulse. Pulse shaping can be used to shorten/elongate the duration of optical pulse, or to generate complex pulses.

## Introduction

Generation of sequences of ultrashort optical pulses is key in realizing ultra high speed optical networks, Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems, chemical and biological reaction triggering and monitoring etc. Based on the requirement, pulse shapers may be designed to stretch, compress or produce a train of pulses from a single input pulse. The ability to produce trains of pulses with femtosecond or picosecond separation implies transmission of optical information at very high speeds.
In ultrafast laser science pulse shapers are often used as a complement to pulse compressors in order to fine-tune high-order dispersion compensation and achieve transform-limited few-cycle optical pulses.

## Techniques

A pulse shaper may be visualized as a modulator. The input pulse is multiplied with a modulating function to get a desired output pulse. The modulating function in pulse shapers may be in time domain or a frequency domain (obtained by Fourier transform of time profile of pulse). However, application of direct pulse shaping technique on a femtosecond time scale faces the same problem as direct femtosecond pulse measurement: electronics speed limitations. Michelson interferometer can be regarded as direct space-to-time pulse shaper since position of the moving mirror is directly transferred to the inter-pulse delay of the output pulse pair.

### Fourier transform pulse shaping

An ultrashort pulse with a well-defined electrical field $E(t)$ can be modified with an appropriate filter acting in the frequency domain. Mathematically, the pulse is Fourier transformed, filtered, and back-transformed to yield a new pulse:
    $E'(t)={\mathcal {F}}^{-1}\{{\mathcal {F}}\{E(t)\}(\omega )f(\omega )\}(t).$
It is possible to design an optical setup with an arbitrary filter function $f(\omega )$ which can be complex-valued, as long as ⁠$|f(\omega )|\leq 1$⁠.

## Design

One can distinguish Fourier transform pulse shapers by their optical design: i.e., collinear shapers and transverse shapers, and by their programmability, i.e., static (or manually adjustable) shapers and programmable shapers.

## Examples

* Collinear static: propagation in dispersive medium, chirped mirror
* Collinear programmable: AOPDF
* Transverse static: pulse stretcher/compressor (static mask in Fourier plane can be added for amplitude shaping)
* Transverse programmable: spatial light modulator inserted in a zero-dispersion line
# Grand River Township, Cass County, Missouri

Grand River Township is an inactive township in Cass County, in the U.S. state of Missouri with a population of 11,655.
Grand River Township was established in 1872, taking its name from the Grand River.
# Graeme Lancefield

Graeme Lancefield is a retired Australian bodybuilder best known for winning the 1991 NABBA Masters Mr Universe and the 1978 Mr Australia. He is no longer with NABBA International.
He is the current President of [Mr Australia - WFF Australia] and World President of [World Fitness Federation - WFF] International.
# Granica

Granica may refer to:

## Places
### Poland

* Granica, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Granica, Podkarpackie Voivodeship (south-east Poland)
* Granica, Warsaw West County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
* Granica, Opole Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Granica, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)

### Serbia

* Granica, Bojnik

## Other uses

* Granica (grape), another name for the Italian wine grape Aglianico
* Granica, or The Frontier, a novel by the Polish writer Zofia Nałkowska
# Graniberia

Graniberia is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the subfamily Granariinae of the family Chondrinidae.

## Species

* Graniberia braunii (Rossmässler, 1842) (synonym: Granaria braunii braunii (Rossmässler, 1842)
# Alan Hale

Alan Hale or Allan Hale may refer to:
* Alan Hale Sr. (1892–1950), American actor, father of Alan Hale Jr.
* Allan M. Hale (1914–1997), American jurist, first Chief Justice (1972–84) of Massachusetts Appeals Court#Justices
* Alan Hale, American radio announcer in 1942 (List of Los Angeles Dodgers broadcasters#List of current and former broadcasters and stations)
* Alan Hale Jr. (1921–1990), American actor, "Skipper" on Gilligan's Island, son of Alan Hale Sr.
* Alan Hale (politician) (1953–2016), American Republican legislator from Montana
* Alan Hale (astronomer) (born 1958), American astronomer
* Allan Hale (born 1987), Scottish manager of Maud F.C. from 2011 to 2018 (2017–18 North Superleague#Member clubs for the 2017–18 season)
# Grapefruit mercaptan

Grapefruit mercaptan is a natural organic compound found in grapefruit. It is a monoterpenoid that contains a thiol (also known as a mercaptan) functional group. Structurally a hydroxy group of terpineol is replaced by the thiol in grapefruit mercaptan, so it also called thioterpineol. Volatile thiols typically have very strong, often unpleasant odors that can be detected by humans in very low concentrations. Grapefruit mercaptan has a very potent, but not unpleasant, odor, and it is the chemical constituent primarily responsible for the aroma of grapefruit. This characteristic aroma is a property of only the R enantiomer.
Pure grapefruit mercaptan, or citrus-derived oils rich in grapefruit mercaptan, are sometimes used in perfumery and the flavor industry to impart citrus aromas and flavors. However, both industries actively seek substitutes for grapefruit mercaptans for use as a grapefruit flavorant, since its decomposition products are often highly disagreeable to the human sense of smell.
The detection threshold for the (+)-(R) enantiomer of grapefruit mercaptan is 2×10$^{−5}$ ppb, or equivalently a concentration of 2×10$^{−14}$. This corresponds to being able to detect 2×10$^{−5}$ mg in one metric ton of water - one of the lowest detection thresholds ever recorded for a naturally occurring compound.
# Battle of Cēsis (1210)

The Battle of Cēsis was fought between native Estonian forces and the Germanic knights (known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword) and their allies during the Livonian Crusade.
In 1210 the Estonian counties launched several raids on the strongholds in Latvia, guarded by the Sword Brethren. Many Estonian troops besieged the stronghold of Cēsis, which had become an important strongpoint for the Livonian Order. The Estonians attempted to set the stronghold on fire by building a large turret. Attacked from above and below, the defenders were put in a difficult situation. The stronghold was under siege for three days and the defenders probably wouldn't have been able to keep defending it, if on the fourth day the besiegers hadn't unexpectedly left. The Estonians had received a message from their scouts that numerous enemy troops led by Caupo of Turaida were heading towards Cēsis to relieve the army trapped inside the stronghold. Without waiting for the whole relief army, the besieged troops began chasing the retreating Estonian army with some of the newly arrived Livonians and Latgalians.
# Federal Building and Post Office (Fallon, Nevada)

The Federal Building and Post Office, also known as the Old Post Office or Fallon Post Office is located at 90 N. Maine St. in Fallon, Nevada. It was built around 1928-29 and is a Classical Revival-style building of a standard design. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Battle of Vesontio (68)

The Battle of Vesontio was a conflict in 68 AD in which Lucius Verginius Rufus defeated Gaius Julius Vindex. Vindex had rebelled against the Emperor Nero and declared his allegiance to Galba. Verginius advanced against him and a battle between their two forces took place near Vesontio (modern Besançon). What occurred then is unclear, but, despite a meeting between Verginius and Vindex, the forces under Verginius seem to have decided on a battle without orders. Desire for plunder and the weakness of Verginius as a commander are possible explanations. Vindex was defeated in the resulting battle and subsequently committed suicide.
# Granuloma multiforme

Granuloma multiforme is a cutaneous condition most commonly seen in central Africa, and rarely elsewhere, characterized by skin lesions that are on the upper trunk and arms in sun-exposed areas.$^{:707}$ It may be confused with tuberculoid leprosy, with which it has clinical similarities. The condition was first noted by Gosset in the 1940s, but it was not until 1964 that Leiker coined the term to describe "a disease resembling leprosy" in his study in Nigeria.

## Signs and symptoms

The upper trunk and arms are the main areas affected. The clinical picture differs greatly. Typically, the first lesions are papules, which quickly develop into polycyclic and annular lesions with papular or nodular margins. There might also be plaques that are elevated. Lesions typically leave behind residual hypopigmented macules and extend with central healing over months or years. It irritates and is itchy, particularly when new lesions are developing. The lesions differ from leprosy in that they do not exhibit nerve enlargement, local sensation impairment, or impaired sweating. Also, the lesions never become ulcerated. The illness is a cause of cosmetic disfigurement, but it does not affect the patient's overall health.

## Causes

Granuloma multiforme is primarily thought to be caused by cumulative photodamage to the dermal collagen, with the lesions in this condition almost exclusively occurring in sun-exposed areas.

## Diagnosis

The best way to understand the histologic features is to look at a radial biopsy with a raised border and central zone. The absence of elastic fibers, the disease's hallmark, is best shown in the central zone using an elastic tissue stain like Verhoeff-Van Gieson's. A zone of transition with granulomatous infiltration is visible on the elevated border. Both a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate and elastic tissue phagocytosis are seen within the giant cells.
Other conditions that should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of granuloma multiforme include sarcoidosis, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, granuloma annulare, and the typical mimic of tuberculoid leprosy, which has sensory impairment and thickening of the nerve trunk but no degenerated collagen. In younger age groups, granuloma annulare is characterized by asymptomatic lesions that histopathologically show increased mucin deposition encircled by a granulomatous zone with a scarcity of giant cells with fewer nuclei. Necrobiosis lipoidica is characterized by a yellow-colored appearance of the plaques, telangiectasia, involvement of the lower limbs, as well as the presence of fibrosis mixed with necrosis, vessel wall changes, and fat deposition in the deep reticular dermis.

## Treatment

Although topical steroids have been tried, there is currently no effective treatment for granuloma multiforme.
# Ferguson Peak

Ferguson Peak (54°47′S 35°50′W﻿ / ﻿54.783°S 35.833°W﻿ / -54.783; -35.833) is a peak, 560 metres (1,840 ft) high, standing close west of the head of Cooper Bay in the eastern extremity of South Georgia. It was photographed by Niall Rankin during his visit to South Georgia in 1947. Rankin did not disclose the locality because he wished to protect the fur seals found there and shown in his photo. The photo was identified as the feature now described by the British South Georgia Expedition, 1954–55, and the peak was unofficially named "Fur Seal Peak". Since Bird Island, at the west end of South Georgia, is now the only place where fur seals breed, this name is misleading. A new name, "Ferguson Peak" was recommended by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1957 for David Ferguson, a Scottish geologist, who carried out geological investigations in South Georgia in 1911–12 for Messrs. Christian Salvesen and Company.
# Fernandocrambus radicellus

Fernandocrambus radicellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in Patagonia.
# Fernandocrambus ruptifascia

Fernandocrambus ruptifascia is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1919. It is found in Mexico.
# Richard Thomas (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir William Richard Scott Thomas, KCB, KCVO, OBE (22 March 1932 – 13 December 1998) was a senior Royal Navy officer and the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod (or simply Black Rod) in the British Parliament's House of Lords from January 1992 to 8 May 1995.

## Naval career

Educated at Downside School, Thomas joined the Royal Navy in 1951. He was given command of the destroyer HMS Troubridge in 1966. He went on to be Staff Officer Operations to the Flag Officer, Scotland and Northern Ireland and saw action in the Second Cod War in 1972. Promoted to captain, he took part in Polaris development at the Ministry of Defence before being given command of the assault ship HMS Fearless. He went on to be Director of Seaman Officers' Appointments in 1982, Naval Secretary in 1983 and Flag Officer, Second Flotilla in 1985. Promoted to vice admiral, he became Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic at Norfolk, Virginia, in 1987 and the UK Military Representative to NATO from 1989 to 1992, when he retired from the Royal Navy.
In retirement Thomas became Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod. Amongst other honours, he was awarded a papal knighthood in the Order of Pope Pius IX.

## Family

Thomas was born on 22 March 1932 in Rhyl, Wales, the son of Mary Hilda Bertha "Maimie" (née Hemelryk) and Commander William Scott Thomas (who commanded HMS Impulsive during the Second World War) and brother of Lieutenant Commander Simon Scott Thomas. In 1959, he married Paddy Cullinan; they had 8 children. He was the uncle of actresses Kristin Scott Thomas and Serena Scott Thomas (the "Scott" portion of their last names coming from another British naval officer, Captain Robert F. Scott, the ill-fated explorer of the South Pole).
# Alazeya Plateau

The Alazeya Plateau (Russian: Алазейское плоскогорье) is a mountain plateau in the Sakha Republic, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. The area is named after river Alazeya, which has its source in the plateau.
There are kigilyakhs in the Alazeya Plateau. The particularity of the kigilyakhs found in this location is that their lower part (corresponding to the legs) is thinner than the upper part.

## Geography

The Alazeya Plateau is located in eastern Sakha Republic, between the Indigirka, Kolyma, Alazeya and Ozhogina rivers. The average height of the plateau surface is around 350 meters (1,150 ft). There are slightly higher tableland type elevations cutting across the plateau area; the highest point is a 954 metres (3,130 ft) high unnamed summit.
The plateau is limited by the Yana-Indigirka Lowland, including the Aby Lowland, to the west, with rivers Yana and Indigirka, the Ozhogina to the south, and the Kolyma Lowland with the Kolyma to the east and northeast. Besides the Alazeya, the Sededema and the Shangina also have their sources in the plateau.
There are forests of larch in the lower areas and mountain tundra in the higher altitudes.