OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Generalized valence bond

The generalized valence bond (GVB) is a method in valence bond theory that uses flexible orbitals in the general way used by modern valence bond theory. The method was developed by the group of William A. Goddard, III around 1970.

## Theory

The generalized Coulson–Fischer theory for the hydrogen molecule, discussed in Modern valence bond theory, is used to describe every electron pair in a molecule. The orbitals for each electron pair are expanded in terms of the full basis set and are non-orthogonal. Orbitals from different pairs are forced to be orthogonal - the strong orthogonality condition. This condition simplifies the calculation but can lead to some difficulties.

## Calculations

GVB code in some programs, particularly GAMESS (US), can also be used to do a variety of restricted open-shell Hartree–Fock calculations, such as those with one or three electrons in two pi-electron molecular orbitals while retaining the degeneracy of the orbitals. This wave function is essentially a two-determinant function, rather than the one-determinant function of the restricted Hartree–Fock method.
# Bryan Benson

Bryan Benson was Governor of the Bank of England from 1735 to 1737. He had been Deputy Governor from 1733 to 1735. He replaced Horatio Townshend as Governor and was succeeded by Thomas Cooke.
# Santiago Square

The Santiago Square, or São Tiago Square, (Portuguese:Praça de Santiago), is a medieval town square located in the city of Guimarães. It is fully included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Historic Centre of Guimarães.

## History

According to tradition, an image of the Virgin Mary was brought to Guimarães by the apostle St. James (São Tiago in Portuguese) and placed in a pagan temple in a square that came to be called St. Tiago Square.
The Santiago Square is mentioned over various centuries in multiple documents, and it still retains many of its medieval features.
It was in its vicinity that the Franks who came to Portugal in the company of Count Henry settled. There existed a small 17th century porched chapel dedicated to St. James, which was demolished at the end of the 19th century, and the place where it once stood is marked using Portuguese pavement.
The now-romanticized and photogenic medieval houses were once considered sloppy and unsanitary. The square they occupied was deemed an "unworthy" place, as evidenced by the scarcity of old photographs of it in postcards compared to other areas of the city.
In the 19th century, there were projects to improve this square and the alleys attached to it, which was described as a place where every corner is a source of infection. Such projects were repeated throughout the 20th century, and in May 1904, the City Council approved a project to extend the Santiago Square, expropriating three buildings, the back of which formed an “infected alleyway, impossible to make habitable”.
In 1911, the republican newspaper Alvorada asked its readers to answer the following question: What is the most urgent and far-reaching work that the City Council should undertake? In one of the answers, a reader proposed the complete elimination of the S. Tiago neighborhood, the “neighborhood of prostitutes”. He describes it as being an “antisocial and at the same time antigenic den that demoralizes our society, defiles our race and tarnishes the atmosphere that surrounds us, must be removed from the city center”.
The Santiago Square is where the Maçãzinhas, one of the festivities of the Nicolinas, takes place.
# George Brudenell

George Brudenell may refer to:
* George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan (1685–1732), Earl of Cardigan
* George Brudenell, 4th Earl of Cardigan (1712–1790)
* George Bridges Brudenell (1726–1801), British politician
# Gensac, Tarn-et-Garonne

Gensac is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.
# Gens des nuages

Gens des nuages is a travel journal written in French by the French Nobel laureate J. M. G. Le Clézio and his wife Jémia. Gens des nuages could be translated as meaning The Cloud People.
It was written during a trip to Sahara and published in 1997.
Jémia Le Clézio is a Sahrawi and her ancestors were nomads who lived in the desert area. After her grandmother left her country, she never visited the place before the trip.
# Sarah Coysh

Sarah Coysh (c. 1742 – 1801) was the heiress to the estates of the Coysh, Allen, and James families. Her marriage to John Rolls (1735–1801) illustrates one of the methods by which the renowned Rolls family of Monmouthshire, Wales, and London, England, accumulated and improved their properties and advanced their social rank during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
By 1830, her son John Rolls of The Hendre in Llangattock-Vibon-Avel, Monmouthshire, near Monmouth, had made the estate his country seat and undertaken the first of several expansions of the mansion. By 1892, two expansions later, his grandson John A Rolls had been elevated to the peerage and had become Baron Llangattock of The Hendre. At the turn of the twentieth century, following the mansion's fourth enlargement, the family was honoured with a visit from the future King George V and Queen Mary, then the Duke and Duchess of York. The royal visit included a ride in the automobile of Lord Llangattock's son Charles Stewart Rolls, future aviation pioneer and co-founder of Rolls-Royce.
# Abaá

An abaá or abahá (from the Fang language, abáá 'house of the word') is a longhouse located in cities and towns of Equatorial Guinea, especially those of the Fang ethnic group. The abaá has an official, religious and leisure function; In it, activities of all kinds are carried out, cooking, celebrating and men meet to make relevant decisions for the entire community. It is considered a symbolic place of unity and solidarity, and the supreme traditional head of the abaá is called "abbá".
Formerly, in the center of the house a sacred column, decorated with reliefs called àbòm-àbàà, used to be placed. The abaá was located at both ends of the town to act as a guard house; the alarm was raised with a drum (hollow trunk) called 'nkúú that according to the rhythm of the touches could communicate complex messages, and could even be heard from neighboring towns, transmitting information from one side of the valley to the other. Today, these practices are less and less common, and the abaá is built in the center of the town. The construction and maintenance of the abaá are also done in common.
The Fang, also called Betí, Pahouin, Pangwe or Pamue, are one of the majority ethnic groups in the country. Fang women are not allowed to enter the abaá, unless they serve food or testify in litigation.
The word "abaá" is one of the thirty of Equatorial Guinean origin in the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy. They were incorporated into it in 2013, which defines the abaá as a "communal house". The other ethnic groups in the country have equivalent communal centers. They are known as mwebe in Ndowé, mpa in Bisío, riebapuá or wedja bohôté in Bubi and vidyil in Fá d'Ambó. In Spanish it is frequently called "House of the Word", a name that spread during colonial times.
# Buena Vista Hills (Kern County)

The Buena Vista Hills are a mountain range of the Transverse Ranges System, located in western Kern County, California.
They are on the southwestern edge of the San Joaquin Valley, near the site of the former Buena Vista Lake.
# Abhishek Banerjee

Abhishek Banerjee may refer to:
* Abhishek Banerjee (politician) (born 1987), Indian politician
* Abhishek Banerjee (actor) (born 1988), Indian actor and casting director
# Santos Dumont (supercomputer)

Santos Dumont is a Brazilian supercomputer that in 2022 ranked 178th on the TOP500 list of the world's fastest computers. It is housed in the state of Rio de Janeiro, at the base of the National Laboratory of Scientific Computation (LNCC) in Petrópolis. It has a capacity of 5.1 petaflops.

## History and impact

The supercomputer was developed in France and acquired by the Brazilian government in 2015 for R$50 million. When the machine arrived at LNCC in 2015, it took the position of the largest computer in Latin America. In 2019, it underwent an upgrade, increasing its processing capacity from 1.1 to 5.1 petaflops. During the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it assisted researchers in sequencing the coronavirus. As of November 2023, a new upgrade was planned for 2024, boosting its capacity to 23 petaflops.
Since its installation in 2016, it has contributed to the publication of over 900 articles in scientific journals, 42 books and chapters, over 300 theses and dissertations, and generated 11 patents.

## Access

The machine is available to Brazilian public or private institutions to support teaching, research, and development activities. Any researcher affiliated with a Brazilian institution can submit proposals to use its computational resources. As of November 2023, 256 projects were using Santos Dumont, with over two thousand active users, running an average of about 200 simultaneous applications daily.
# Brémur-et-Vaurois

Brémur-et-Vaurois (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
# Arabesque (company)

Arabesque is a Romanian company based in Galați, which distributes building materials and operates hardware stores. The network comprises 7 Mathaus DIY stores and 22 Arabesque warehouses in Romania. It also operates 6 warehouses in Moldova, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The company was founded in 1994 and is owned by Romanian businessman Cezar Rapotan who also owns shares of the manufacturer of steel structures Sibel FIERCTC and of the energy solutions company Chorus Marketing and Distribution.
The first warehouse outside Romania was opened in 2005, in Chișinău, Moldova, as Arabesque Construct.
In July 2006, Arabesque has acquired the Budmax network, the third largest player in the building materials business-to-business market in Ukraine. In 2020 Arabesque still operates only 3 of the 10 warehouses that still operate under the Budmax brand in Ukraine.
Arabesque also owns in Bulgaria a Budmax warehouse in Sofia since 2006 and in Burgas since 2007.
# Ablabesmyia peleensis

Ablabesmyia peleensis is a species of midge in the family Chironomidae, found in North America.
# Archambault (disambiguation)

Archambault (French pronunciation:) is a Media company in Quebec, Canada.
Archambault may also refer to:
* Archambault (surname), includes a list of people with the name.
* Bourbon-l'Archambault, spa town and a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne in central France
* Bourg-Archambault, commune of the Vienne département, in France
* Canton of Bourbon-l'Archambault, administrative division in central France
* Archambault Ridge, Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Archambault report, influential study of the penitentiary system in Canada that was tabled in 1938
* Archambault House, historic house in Florissant, Missouri, U.S.
# Gentille Assih

Gentille Menguizani Assih is a Togolese film director and producer.

## Biography

Assih was born in Kpalimé, Togo in 1979. She developed a passion about cinema from a young age. In 2001, she trained as a technician in computer graphics and photography. In 2006, Assih studied screenwriting and documentary making with Africadoc, in Senegal. During this same period, she earned a BTS in communication from the African Institute of Commercial Studies. In 2009, Assih received a degree in Human Resources Management.
Assih worked in a communications firm for two years before establishing the company "World Films". She began her directing career in 2004, making the short films Le prix du velo and La vendeuse contaminee. In 2008, she directed her first short documentary film, Itchombi. It details the circumcision ceremony of Deou, a Togolese student who returns from Dakar.
The following year, Assih directed and produced Bidenam, l’espoir d’un village, with help from the Goethe Institute in Johannesburg. The film is about the life of Bidenam, who returns to her native village after six years and decides to teach his family how to use an irrigation system, and it touches upon themes of politics and rural exodus. It was inspired by Assih's younger sister who went to Morocco to study agronomy. In 2012, Assih directed the feature-length documentary Le Rite, la Folle et moi. In the film, she studies the initiation rite for women in northern Togo. Continuing her work on ceremonies from her previous documentary, the object of this rite is her younger sister.
In 2021, Assih was one of the recipients of the Top 25 Canadian Immigrant Awards.

## Filmography

* 2004: Le prix du velo
* 2004: La vendeuse contaminee
* 2008: Itchombi
* 2009: Bidenam, l’espoir d’un village
* 2012: Le Rite, la Folle et moi
# Saraswati Nagar

Saraswati Nagar is a Town in Yamunanagar District in the Indian state of Haryana.

## Etymology

According to government records, the town was earlier known as Saraswati Tirth which was later under Muslim rule renamed as Mustafabad. It was officially renamed to Saraswati Nagar via a notification by the BJP government in 2016 after the Sarasvati River's paleochannel flowing through there.

## Geography

Saraswati Nagar is 18 km from Jagadhri and 23 km from Yamunanagar. This name arises from the presence of the Saraswati River. There is an old Shiva temple near this river.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Saraswati Nagar had a population of 8513. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Saraswati Nagar has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 68%. In Saraswati Nagar, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. The town has majority Hindu population with all major religions.
# Sarah Kyolaba

Sarah Kyolaba Tatu Namutebi Amin (1955 – 11 June 2015), also known by her stage name "Suicide Sarah", was a Ugandan dancer who was dictator Idi Amin's fifth and last-surviving wife. She met Amin when she was a 19-year-old go-go dancer and they married in 1975. The couple had three children but Kyolaba left Amin after he went into exile in 1979. She moved to England where she ran a restaurant and later a hair salon. She died from cancer in 2015.

## Early life

Sarah Kyolaba was born in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, in 1955 to Haji Kamadi and Aisha Nsubuga.

## Idi Amin

Kyolaba met Idi Amin when she was a 19-year-old go-go dancer in the so-called Revolutionary Suicide Mechanised Regiment Band of the Uganda Army. That led to her nickname, "Suicide Sarah". The couple married in Kampala in 1975 in a ceremony where Yasser Arafat was the best man. The wedding banquet was reported to have cost the equivalent of £2 million. Kyolaba was said to have been Amin's "favourite" wife.
Kyolaba had been pregnant and in a relationship with the child's father in Masaka when she met Amin. On 25 December 1974 she gave birth, and Amin had the child's birth announced on television as his own, and the real father soon disappeared.
Kyolaba went with Amin when he was forced to leave Uganda in 1979, first to Libya and then to Saudi Arabia, where they eventually settled in Jeddah. Kyolaba separated from Amin in 1982. She travelled to Germany with Faisal Wangita, Amin's son, leaving her other three children behind. Once in Germany she claimed asylum and worked as a lingerie model, before moving to London.

## Life in London

Kyolaba ran Krishna's Restaurant in Upton Road, West Ham, London, from 1997 until at least 1998. The restaurant served dishes such as stewed goat, muchomo (barbecued meat with salad) and ekigere (cow hoof in gravy). It was closed down for a time in November 1997 after environmental health inspectors found cockroaches and mice in the kitchen. Kyolaba avoided prison by pleading guilty at Snaresbrook Crown Court, where she received a two-year conditional discharge, and had to pay £1,000 towards the prosecution's costs.
After Amin's death in Jeddah in 2003, Kyolaba called him a "true African hero" and a "wonderful father", adding, "He was just a normal person, not a monster. He was a jolly person, very entertaining and kind". At the time of her death, she was running a hair salon in Tottenham, north London and living nearby in Palmers Green.

## Death

Kyolaba died from cancer on 11 June 2015 in London's Royal Free Hospital.
# Sarah Kuhn

Sarah Kuhn is an American author of fantasy literature best known for her Heroine Complex series featuring Asian American superheroines.

## Career

Early in her career, in 2010, Kuhn wrote a rom-com novella, "One Con Glory", which garnered positive reviews from io9 and USA Today and went into development as a feature film. Kuhn has written articles and essays for various genre-specific publications such as Apex Magazine, IGN, Backstage, Creative Screenwriting Magazine, and the Hugo-nominated essay collection Chicks Dig Comics.
Kuhn has also worked on Barbie comics and on a comic book continuation of the movie Clueless, which she worked on with Amber Benson and Siobhan Keenan. With artist Nicole Goux, Kuhn has worked on a Batgirl/Cassandra Cain graphic novel for DC Comics. Kuhn also wrote a Doctor Aphra audio drama with a full cast in 2020.

## Personal life

In 2011, she was selected as a finalist for the Coalition of Asian Pacifics in Entertainment New Writers Award and in 2018 she was one of the finalists for the Astounding Award for Best New Writer. Kuhn is married and lives in Los Angeles.
Kuhn is of half-Japanese, quarter-German and quarter-English descent and is featured in the 2020 Netflix documentary The Claudia Kishi Club.
# George Cyril Allen

George Cyril Allen (28 June 1900 – 31 July 1982), published as G. C. Allen, was a British economist and academic. He was Brunner Professor of Economic Science at the University of Liverpool from 1933 to 1947, and then Professor of Political Economy at University College London from 1947 to 1967. He wrote on Japanese and British industrial policy.

## Life

Allen was born in Kenilworth, Warwickshire. After education at King Henry VIII School, Coventry he briefly joined at the Royal Air Force in 1918 before studying at the University of Birmingham. There he studied under William Ashley, graduating B.Com in 1921 and M.Com in 1922. From 1922 to 1925 he taught economics at the Higher Commercial School in Nagoya, Japan. Returning to Birmingham, Allen gained a PhD in 1928 with a thesis which was published the following year as The Industrial Development of Birmingham and the Black Country. He became professor of economics at the University College of Hull in 1929, and Brunner Professor of Economic Science at the University of Liverpool in 1933. In 1947 he became Professor of Political Economy at University College London.
His papers are held at University College London.

## Works

* Modern Japan and its problems, 1927
* The industrial development of Birmingham and the Black Country, 1860-1927, 1929
* British industries and their organization, 1933
* Japan: the hungry guest, 1938
* Japanese industry: its recent development and present condition, 1939
* (with Elizabeth Boody Schumpeter) The industrialization of Japan and Manchuko, 1930-1940: population, raw materials and industry, 1940
* A short economic history of modern Japan, 1867-1937, 1946
* (with Audrey Donnithorne) Western enterprise in Far Eastern economic development: China and Japan, 1954
* (with Audrey Donnithorne) Western enterprise in Indonesia and Malaya: a study in economic development, 1957
* Japan's economic recovery, 1958
* A short economic history of modern Japan, 1958
* The structure of industry in Britain: a study in economic change, 1961
* Japan's economic expansion, 1965
* Monopoly and restrictive practices, 1968
* The British disease : a short essay on the nature and causes of the nation's lagging wealth, 1979
* The Japanese economy, 1981
* Appointment in Japan: memories of sixty years, 1983
# Sarada tehsil

Sarada (also spelt Sarara) is a tehsil of Salumbar district in Rajasthan, India. It consists of 152 villages and 3 towns (Bhalariya, Newa Talai, and Chawand). The tehsil headquarter is located in the village of Sarada.
Before the formation of the Republic of India, the territory of present-day Sarada tehsil was part of the former Udaipur State. With the formation of the United State of Rajasthan (precursor to the state of Rajasthan) in 1948, the new district of Udaipur was constituted which included the area of present-day Sarada tehsil. In 2013, Sarada tehsil was sub-divided into two parts, with Semari tehsil being established as an independent tehsil, containing areas formerly under Sarada.
The area of the tehsil is 776 square kilometres. The annual average rainfall in Sarada tehsil is 537 mm, with an average of 27 rainy days per year.
# Saradan railway station

Saradan Station (station code: SRD) is a third-class railway station in Sugihwaras, Saradan, Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia, operated by Kereta Api Indonesia. This railway station is at the most eastern railway station in Madiun Regency. This station's new building is operated—which has four tracks (two main lines and two passing tracks)—since Nganjuk–Babadan double track segment activation on 30 April 2019.
Before Bagor railway station, there is Wilangan railway station that has been deactivated since the double-track activation.

## Services

This railway station has no train services except for train overtaking.

## Gallery

* Saradan railway station's rail yard, 2019
# Bundy tube

Bundy tube, sometimes called Bundy pipe, is type of double-walled low-carbon steel tube manufactured by rolling a copper-coated steel strip through 720 degrees and resistance brazing the overlapped seam in a process called Bundywelding. Some key sources are Shelley Automation ltd in the UK and SVS Refcomp Pvt Ltd in India

## History

It may be zinc or terne coated for corrosion protection. It is used in automotive hydraulic brake lines in cars manufactured in the US since the 1930s.
The Bundy Tubing Company, started in the US, was bought in the 1980s by what is now the British company TI Fluid system .

## Kunifer pipe

A 1969 study by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) recommended the replacement of Bundy tube with 90-10 copper-nickel alloy UNS C70600 (Kunifer pipe) because of corrosion concerns. Kunifer pipe has since been adopted by European automakers Volvo, Rolls-Royce, Lotus Cars, Aston-Martin, Porsche, and Audi. Bundy tube still retains the advantage of higher rigidity, which means less volume expansion under pressure.
# Bunea

Bunea may refer to:

## Persons

* Gheorghe Bunea Stancu (born 1954), Romanian politician
* Catalin Florentin Bunea (born 1981), Romanian / Canadian Banker
* Florentina Bunea (born 1966), Romanian statistician

## Places

* Bunea Mare, a village in the commune Făget, Timiș County, Romania
* Bunea Mică, a village in the commune Făget, Timiș County, Romania
* Bunea (river), a tributary of the river Bega in Timiș County, Romania
# Buchonia

Buchonia is a region in Hesse, a state of Germany, where one of the first forestry planning systems was developed by Georg Ludwig Hartig (1764–1837). It was called "Flächenfachwerk". He also wrote in 1791 "Anweisung zur Holzzucht für Förster" Archived 2015-09-30 at the Wayback Machine

## Books

Georg Ludwig Hartig: "Anweisung zur Holzzucht für Förster"
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