OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Harold Drasdo

Harold Drasdo (21 February 1930 – 3 September 2015) was an English rock climber, writer and educationalist.

## Early life

Drasdo was born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England. He began rock climbing just after World War II and became a founding member of a loose association of young climbers from the area who came to be known as "the Bradford Lads". Active throughout the United Kingdom, particularly the gritstone edges of Yorkshire and Derbyshire, the fells of the English Lake District, and the mountains of North Wales.

## Climbing career

Harold climbed regularly in the late 1940s and 1950s with most of the leading northern rock climbers of the day including Joe Brown and members of the famous Rock and Ice Club. Another regular partner throughout his active career was his brother, Neville Drasdo, who became a formidable climber during this period in his own right and whose activities included an ascent with Joe Brown of one of the hardest British routes of its day, "Hardd" (now graded E2 5c) on Carreg Hyll Drem in Snowdonia.
Harold and Neville Drasdo were the first climbers to explore Poisoned Glen in Donegal, Ireland, and during an intensive period established several hard first ascents. In 2000, the Drasdo brothers celebrated 50 years of new routing, a half-century that began with "Cravat" (graded VS 4c) on Neckband Crag, Langdale, in 1950 and culminated with "Two Against Nature" (graded S 4a) on Craig Ddu, Moel Siabod.

## Climbing author

As a guidebook writer, Harold Drasdo wrote the first Fell & Rock Climbing Club guide to the Eastern crags of the Lake District in 1957. In 1971 he became the first climber to write both English and Welsh guidebooks when he wrote the Climbers' Club guide to Lliwedd. As a consistent explorer of undeveloped crags in England, Wales and Ireland, he has established many first ascents, including North Crag Eliminate (E1 5b) on Castle Rock of Triermain, Grendal (VS 4b) in Deepdale, Anarchist (HS 4b) on Raven Crag, Ulysses (VS) in Donegal, Automedon (VS 4c) and Heart of Darkness (VS 4c) on Arenig Fawr, and Traditional Route (S) on Craig Rhaeadr Ewynnol.

## Educational instructor

Harold was an outdoor education instructor who worked in Derbyshire and North Wales which culminated with a twenty-year period as Chief Instructor of the Towers Outdoor Education Centre, Capel Curig, North Wales. Apart from his guidebooks, he published Education and The outdoor Centres (1972); The Mountain Spirit (1979); and his autobiography, The Ordinary Route (1997). A frequent essayist and reviewer, Harold's published works are included in journals and magazines.

## Personal life

Politically he has been a lifelong anarchist and environmentalist who has frequently defended the natural environment in both actions and print. Harold lived in North Wales and still active in mountain activities.
Harold Drasdo died after a short illness, in Bangor, North Wales on 3 September 2015.
# Fred Trautman

Fredrick Orlando "Fred" Trautman (March 24, 1892 – February 15, 1964) was a Major League Baseball pitcher, who appeared in one game for the 1915 Newark Peppers of the defunct Federal League. Trautman was born in Bucyrus, Ohio and died there in 1964.
# Harpalus vagans

Harpalus vagans is a species in the beetle family Carabidae. It is found in the United States and Canada.
# Harpalus udege

Harpalus udege is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Lafer in 1989.

## Distribution

Species distribution is China, Russia, and Mongolia.
# Harriet Judd Sartain

Harriet Amelia Judd Sartain (February 3, 1830 – February 8, 1923) was an American homeopathic physician who practiced in Philadelphia. She was one of the first three women admitted to the American Institute of Homeopathy in 1871.

## Early life and education

Harriet Amelia Judd was born in Waterbury, Connecticut, the daughter of Thomas Judd and Eliza E. Jones Judd. She graduated from the American Hydropathic Institute in 1851, from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1853, and from the Eclectic Medical Institute in Cincinnati in 1854, one of the first women to complete medical training in a homeopathic program. Mary Gove Nichols and Harriet N. Austin were her mentors in the medical field.

## Career

Sartain practiced homeopathic medicine in Philadelphia. She supported the founding the Philadelphia County Homeopathic Medical Society in 1866, and was elected the society's first woman member in 1870. In 1871 she was also admitted to the American Institute of Homeopathy, one of the first three women accepted into that body (along with Harriet Schneider French and Mercy B. Jackson). She was suggested for membership in the Homeopathic Medical Society of Pennsylvania in 1872. In 1883 she founded and led the Women's Homeopathic Medical Club of Philadelphia. She retired from medical work for health reasons in 1889. She was also active in temperance and women's suffrage work.

## Personal life and legacy

Harriet Judd married engraver Samuel Sartain in 1854. His sister Emily Sartain and niece Harriet Sartain were noted artists associated with the Philadelphia School of Design for Women; his brother William Sartain and his father John Sartain were noted printers and engravers. Harriet and Samuel Sartain had three children together. Samuel Sartain died in 1906; their son Edwin died in infancy, and their daughter Amy died in 1916; only son Paul survived her when she died in Philadelphia in 1923, soon after her 93rd birthday.
Sartain's papers are part of several Sartain family collections, especially at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Archives of American Art. The Harriet Judd Sartain Memorial Medical Scholarship at Bryn Mawr College was established by her son, and named in her memory.
# François Nourissier

François Nourissier (French pronunciation:; Paris, 18 May 1927–Paris, 15 February 2011) was a French journalist and writer.
Nourissier was the secretary-general of Éditions Denoël (1952–1955), editor of the review La Parisienne (1955–1958), and an adviser with the Éditions Grasset Paris publishing house (1958–1996).
In 1970, he won the Prix Femina for his book La crève. Several of his novels have been made into films and in 1973 he was a member of the Jury at the Cannes Film Festival.
François Nourissier was elected to the Académie Goncourt in 1977. He served as the literary organization's Secretary-General in 1983 and was its president from 1996 to 2002.
In 2002, he was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca.
On 15 February 2011 Francois Nourissier died at Sainte-Perine Hospital in Paris from the complications of Parkinson's disease.

## Major works

* 1951 : L'Eau Grise
* 1956 : Les Orphelins d'Auteuil, Les Chiens à fouetter
* 1957 : Le Corps de Diane
* 1958 : Bleu comme la nuit
* 1964 : Un petit bourgeois
* 1965 : Une histoire française - Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française
* 1970 : La crève (Prix Femina)
* 1973 : Allemande
* 1981 : L'Empire des nuages
* 1985 : La Fête des pères
* 1992 : Le Gardien des ruines
* 1997 : Le Bar de l'escadrille
* 2001 : À défaut de génie
* 2003 : Le prince des berlingots
* 2008 : Eau-de-feu
# Andhra University College of Science and Technology

Andhra University College of Science and Technology is a constituent college of Andhra University established in 1931.

## History

The College was started in 1931 as the combined Colleges of Arts, Science and Technology. In later years the combined colleges were bifurcated in the year 1966, with Prof. R.Ramanadham as its first principal.

## Schools and departments

The College of Science and Technology is made up of schools as follows:
School of Physics:
* Department of Physics
* Department of Nuclear Physics
School of Chemistry:
* Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
* Department of Organic Chemistry and Foods, Drugs and Water
* Physical and Nuclear Chemistry and Chemical Oceanography
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences:
* Department of Geology
* Department of Geography
* Department of Geophysics
* Department of Meteorology and Oceanography
School of Mathematical Sciences:
* Department of Mathematics
* Department of Applied Mathematics and
* Department of Statistics.
School of Life Sciences:
* Department of Botany
* Department of Zoology
* Department of Marine Living Resources
* Department of Biochemistry
* Department of Human Genetics
* Department of Environmental Sciences
* Department of Microbiology
* Department of Biotechnology

### Research and Development Centres

* Delta Studies Institute
* Population Research Centre
* Centre for Nuclear Techniques
* Centre for Marine Archaeology
* Hydrology and Water Management with Rural Bias
* University Science Instrumentation Centre

## Academics

The Courses offered in the College are:
* M.Sc. (Two Year Courses)
* M.Sc. (Tech) - 3 Year Courses
* P.G.Diploma - 1 Year Course
* M.Phil. - In all the Departments
* PhD - In all the Departments

## Eminent alumni

* U. Aswathanarayana, Honorary Director of the Mahadevan International Centre for Water Resources Management, India
* Trivikram Srinivas, M.Sc (Nuclear Physics), Film director
# Russian defence

Russian Defence may refer to:
* Ruy Lopez § Steinitz Defence Deferred
* Petrov's Defence (Russische Verteidigung)
# Bieberstein

Bieberstein is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein (1842–1912), German politician
* Adolph Bieberstein (1902–1981), American footballer
* Arno Bieberstein (1884–1918), German swimmer
* Friedrich August Marschall von Bieberstein (1768–1826) German botanist
The Marschall von Bieberstein family origins come from the region of Saxony in Eastern Germany. The current German family derives from the Bieberstein Castle near Dresden.
# For Faultless Service Medal

“For Faultless Service” medal – is a medal of Azerbaijani Republic. The medal was approved by Law of Azerbaijan Republic by Decree No. 330 – IIQ, on May 17, 2002.

## Description

For Faultless Service medal consists of a narrow plate decorated with national ornaments and a round bronze plate of 25 mm diameter. Crossed rifles and an anchor are described against a background with an eagle with opened wings in the front side of the medal. There is a crescent and an eight-pointed star at the top and garlands of oak leaves at the bottom of the medal.
The 3rd class medal is silver color, the second class is gold color, the 1st class is gold color, the crescent and the eight-pointed star are white color, the rifles are silver color and the anchor is black color. Rare side of the medal is flat with “For 20 years faultless service” words on the 1st class medal, “For 15 years of faultless service” on the 2nd class medal, with “For 10 years of faultless service” on the 3rd class medal in the center and with a crescent and an eight-pointed star on a national ornament. “Azerbaijani Republic” words at the top and “Armed Forces” words at the bottom are carved along the circle.
The medal is pinned to the chest with a satin ribbon of 27x43 mm size and a ring and loop. There are vertical olive and white color stripes of 1 mm width and blue and white color vertical stripes of 3 mm located in a sequence from the corners to the center of the satin ribbon. There is one vertical 1 mm gold color stripe on the 1st class medal, 2-3 such stripes on the 2nd and 3rd class medals. A 27x9 mm mould covered with the same satin is attached to the medal for pinning to the chest.
# Alfred McClung Lee

Alfred McClung Lee (August 23, 1906 – May 19, 1992) was an American sociologist whose research included studies of American journalism, propaganda, and race relations.

## Biography

Lee was born in Oakmont, Pennsylvania in 1906. He obtained an undergraduate (1927) and master's degree (1931) at the University of Pittsburgh and a Ph.D. from Yale University (1933).
Lee's first book was The Daily Newspaper in America, The Evolution of a Social Instrument in 1937, which examined the development and influence of American newspapers. As part of his work with the Institute for Propaganda Analysis, he wrote, with his wife Elizabeth Briant Lee, The Fine Art of Propaganda (1939) which examined the speeches of Father Coughlin.
Among his academic appointments, Lee served as chair of the Sociology and Anthropology departments at Wayne University from 1942 to 1947, and as chair of the Sociology and Anthropology department at Brooklyn College from 1951 to 1957. In 1976, he co-founded the Association for Humanist Sociology with his wife, Elizabeth Briant Lee. He also served as president of the American Sociological Association (1976–1977), said to have been installed by a mobilisation of left-wing sociologists. In 1973 he was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto II.
Lee died of congestive heart failure at his home in Madison, New Jersey, on May 19, 1992.

## Publications

* 1937: The Daily Newspaper in America: the evolution of a social instrument via Internet Archive
* 1939: (with Elizabeth Briant Lee) The Fine Art of Propaganda
* 1943: (with Norman D. Humphrey) Race Riot, Detroit 1943,
* 1946: (as editor) New Outline of the Principles of Sociology via Internet Archive
* 1952: How to Understand Propaganda.
* 1954: Fraternities without Brotherhood
* 1966: Multivalent Man.
* 1973: Toward Humanist Sociology
* 1983: Terrorism in Northern Ireland
* 1976: Sociology for Whom?
* 1988: Sociology for People: toward a caring profession
# Alexander Meduna

Alexander Meduna (born 1957 in Olomouc, Czech Republic) is a theoretical computer scientist and expert on compiler design, formal languages and automata. He is a professor of Computer Science at the Brno University of Technology. Formerly, he taught theoretical computer science at various European and American universities, including the University of Missouri, where he spent a decade teaching advanced topics of formal language theory. He is the author of several books and over sixty papers related to the subject matter.
Meduna is also an artist, who is primarily interested in visual art. He had several exhibitions in the USA and Europe. He often performs poetry reading as well.

## Publications

* Meduna, Alexander (2000). Automata and Languages: Theory and Applications. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781852330743.
* Meduna, Alexander (2007). Elements of Compiler Design. CRC Press. ISBN 9781420063233.
* Meduna, Alexander (2014). Formal Languages and Computation: Models and Their Applications. CRC Press. ISBN 9781466513457.
* Meduna, Alexander; Švec, Martin (2005). Grammars with Context Conditions and Their Applications. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471736554.
* Meduna, Alexander; Techet, Jiří (2010). Scattered Context Grammars and Their Applications. WIT Press. ISBN 9781845644260.
* Meduna, Alexander; Zemek, Petr (2014). Regulated Grammars and Automata. Springer. ISBN 9781493903696.
* Meduna, Alexander; Soukup, Ondřej (2017). Modern Language Models and Computation: Theory with Applications. Springer. ISBN 9783319630991.
* Meduna, Alexander; Horáček, Petr; Tomko, Martin (2019). Handbook of Mathematical Models for Languages and Computation. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. ISBN 978-1-78561-659-4.
# Bichelsee (lake)

Bichelsee is a lake in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland. The village of Bichelsee in the municipality Bichelsee-Balterswil is named after the lake. Of the surface of 0.092 km², 5/6 are located in the canton of Thurgau, the remainder in the canton of Zurich.
* This Thurgau location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article related to a lake in the canton of Zürich is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Biches

Biches (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.
# Alpes Grésivaudan Classic

The Alpes Grésivaudan Classic is an elite women's professional one-day road bicycle race held annually in the Deprartment of Isère, France. The event was first held in 2022 is currently rated by the UCI as a 1.1 category race.

## Past winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2022 | France | Évita Muzic | France (national team) |
| 2023 | France | Évita Muzic | France (national team) |
| 2024 | France | Marion Bunel | St. Michel–Mavic–Auber93 |
# Rohatyn (surname)

Rohatyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Felix Rohatyn (1928–2019), American investment banker and diplomat
* Jeanne Greenberg Rohatyn (born c. 1967), American gallerist
# Rohatsko

Rohatsko is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
# Foro (river)

The Foro is a river in Italy. It is located in the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of southern Italy. Its source is located in Maiella National Park near the border with the province of Pescara. The river flows northeast past Fara Filiorum Petri before flowing into the Adriatic Sea between Francavilla al Mare and Ortona.
# Alpe di Neggia

Alpe di Neggia (el. 1395 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
It connects Vira and Indemini. The pass lies in the saddle between Monte Tamaro and Monte Gambarogno. The maximum grade of the pass road is 12 percent.
# Fort Wood

Fort Wood may refer to:
* Fort Wood, former fort now serving as the base of the Statue of Liberty
* Fort Wood, 1863 Union fortification in Chattanooga, Tennessee, namesake of Fort Wood Historic District
* Fort Wood, New Orleans, later renamed Fort Macomb
# Bilat

Bilat may refer to:
* Bilat (India), a village in East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India
* Bilat Paswan Vihangam (1940–2017), Indian writer and politician
* Bilat Pyan Than (1908–2007), Burmese singer and civil servant
# Bilateral

Bilateral may refer to any concept including two sides, in particular:
* Bilateria, bilateral animals
* Bilateralism, the political and cultural relations between two states
* Bilateral, occurring on both sides of an organism (Anatomical terms of location § Medial and lateral)
* Bilateral symmetry, symmetry between two sides of an organism
* Bilateral filter, an image processing algorithm
* Bilateral amplifier, a type of amplifier
* Bilateral (album), an album by the band Leprous
* Bilateral school, see Partially selective school (England)
# Rollinia xylopiifolia

Rollinia xylopiifolia is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to the Atlantic Forest ecoregion of Brazil.
# Fort Nelson

Fort Nelson may refer to:

## Canada

* Fort Nelson, British Columbia, a town
* Fort Nelson River, British Columbia
* Fort Nelson (Manitoba) (1670–1713), an early fur trading post at the mouth of the Nelson River and the first headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company

## United Kingdom

* Fort Nelson, Hampshire, England (built 1860–1867), a Palmerston Fort and present-day museum

## United States

* Fort Nelson (Kentucky), built in 1781
* Fort Nelson (Virginia), first constructed in 1776
# 2023 Sofia Open

The 2023 Sofia Open was a men's tennis tournament to be played on indoor hard courts. It was the eighth edition of the event and it was part of the ATP 250 tournaments on the 2023 ATP Tour. It was played at the Arena Sofia in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 6 November to 11 November 2023. The tournament replaced the 2023 edition of the Tel Aviv Open, which was canceled due to the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.

## Champions
### Singles

* Adrian Mannarino def. Jack Draper, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 2–6, 6–3

### Doubles

* Gonzalo Escobar / Aleksandr Nedovyesov def. Julian Cash / Nikola Mektić 6–3, 3–6, [13–11]

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ITA | Lorenzo Musetti | 22 | 1 |
| FRA | Adrian Mannarino | 25 | 2 |
| GER | Jan-Lennard Struff | 27 | 3 |
| ARG | Sebastián Báez | 29 | 4 |
| AUS | Alexei Popyrin | 39 | 5 |
| AUS | Max Purcell | 43 | 6 |
| AUT | Sebastian Ofner | 44 | 7 |
| HUN | Márton Fucsovics | 52 | 8 |
| SRB | Miomir Kecmanović | 53 | 9 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 30 October 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Cem İlkel
* Alexandar Lazarov
* Dimitar Kuzmanov
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Térence Atmane
* Billy Harris
* Marc-Andrea Hüsler
* Vitaliy Sachko
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Nicolas Moreno de Alboran

### Withdrawals

* Alejandro Davidovich Fokina → replaced by Fábián Marozsán
* Laslo Djere → replaced by Jurij Rodionov
* Tomás Martín Etcheverry → replaced by Hamad Medjedovic
* Taylor Fritz → replaced by Zsombor Piros
* Sebastian Korda → replaced by Jack Draper
* Mackenzie McDonald → replaced by Albert Ramos Viñolas
* Alexei Popyrin → replaced by Nicolas Moreno de Alboran
* Ben Shelton → replaced by Christopher O'Connell
* Frances Tiafoe → replaced by Maximilian Marterer
* Aleksandar Vukic → replaced by Roberto Carballés Baena

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| BEL | Sander Gillé | BEL | Joran Vliegen | 50 | 1 |
| USA | Nathaniel Lammons | USA | Jackson Withrow | 51 | 2 |
| GBR | Julian Cash | CRO | Nikola Mektić | 80 | 3 |
| AUT | Alexander Erler | AUT | Lucas Miedler | 83 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 30 October 2023.

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Alexander Donski / Alexandar Lazarov
* Petr Nesterov / Yanaki Milev
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Íñigo Cervantes / David Vega Hernández

### Withdrawals

* Máximo González / Andrés Molteni → replaced by Íñigo Cervantes / David Vega Hernández
* Marcel Granollers / Horacio Zeballos → replaced by Nikola Ćaćić / Philipp Oswald
* Mackenzie McDonald / Marcelo Melo → replaced by Evan King / Reese Stalder
* Max Purcell / Jordan Thompson → replaced by Max Purcell / John-Patrick Smith
# Altab Ali Park

Altab Ali Park is a small park on the Whitechapel Road, in Whitechapel, London. Formerly known as St Mary's Park, it is the site of the old 14th-century, once whitewashed church, St Mary Matfelon, from which Whitechapel gets its name.
St Mary's was badly damaged by enemy action in 1940, during The Blitz, and subsequently demolished. Little remains of the old church, other than the floor plan and some graves. Those buried in former churchyard include Richard Parker, Richard Brandon, Sir John Cass, and "Sir" Jeffrey Dunstan, "Mayor of Garratt".
The park was renamed Altab Ali Park in 1998 in memory of Altab Ali, a 24-year-old British Bangladeshi leather clothing worker, who was murdered on 4 May 1978, in the adjacent Adler Street, by three teenage boys as he walked home from work. Ali's murder was one of the many racist attacks that occurred in the area at that time. At the entrance to the park is an arch created by David Petersen, developed as a memorial to Altab Ali and other victims of racist attacks. The arch incorporates a complex Bengali and European style pattern, meant to show the merging of different cultures in East London.
Along the path down the centre of the park are letters spelling out "The shade of my tree is offered to those who come and go fleetingly", a fragment of a poem by Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, which is no longer there.
The Shaheed Minar, which commemorates the Bengali Language Movement, stands in the southwest corner of Altab Ali Park. The monument is a smaller replica of the one in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and symbolises a mother and her martyred sons. It was unveiled by the Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament, Humayun Rashid Choudhury, in February 1999.
The nearest London Underground station is Aldgate East on the District and Hammersmith & City lines.