OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cantore al liuto

The cantore al liuto – typical Italian definition for musicians and composers at the end of 1400 – is the singing lutist whose description and historical representation are deeply rooted in the past going back to the myth of Orpheus.

## Origins and references

If the image of the European medieval minstrel remembers that of the more ancient storyteller from Asia, the consolidated tradition of singing accompanied by a string instrument whose memory still survives today in our musical culture, is strictly linked to the singing lutist mentioned above. It was the famous Italian poet Francesco Petrarca (1304–1374) one of the earliest Italian rhymers who was named "cantore al liuto", and it is known that he used to put in music his rhymes and to sing accompanying himself on his lute; he, in his turn, was looking back at the tradition of the troubadours and trouvères of the French tradition.

## Interpreters in history

After Petrarca, in the Renaissance age, the most famous singers at the lute certainly were Bartolomeo Tromboncino, Ippolito Tromboncino and Marchetto Cara, whose gift as interpreters are highlighted in The Book of the Courtier by Baldassarre Castiglione.
Later on, in the early 1600s we find Bartolomeo Barbarino called "the pesarino".
The expressive characteristics of this particular figure of musician, of whom today we have almost lost memory, are currently revisited by Simone Sorini, tenor and multi-instrumentalist that over the years has gained and refined a deep knowledge of the Medieval and Renaissance plectrum instruments; a versatile interpreter of lute repertoires from the Middle Ages to the early Renaissance, he plays professionally his numerous instruments – each one made according to the ancient iconography – accompanying himself while singing, bringing back to light the ancient profession of the "cantore al liuto".

## Sources

* Decameron, Giovanni Boccaccio, 1349–1351
* Il Cortegiano, Baldassarre Castiglione, 1528
# 2002 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles

Janet Lee and Wynne Prakusya were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Jelena Dokic and Tamarine Tanasugarn.
Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs won the title by defeating Janette Husárová and Conchita Martínez 6–1, 6–1 in the final.

## Seeds

* Lisa Raymond / Rennae Stubbs (champions)
* Kimberly Po-Messerli / Ai Sugiyama (first round)
* Anna Kournikova / Meghann Shaughnessy (semifinals)
* Janet Lee / Wynne Prakusya (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Grant M Vento-Kabchi | 1 | 1 | | 1 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Grande P Tarabini | 7 | 6 | | | R Grande P Tarabini | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | L Kalvaria G Lastra | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | 1 | L Raymond R Stubbs | w/o | | | | | |
| 3 | A Kournikova M Shaughnessy | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | A Kournikova M Shaughnessy | | | | | | |
| LL | J Craybas S Taylor | 4 | 0 | | 3 | A Kournikova M Shaughnessy | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Frazier A Spears | 6 | 7 | | | A Frazier A Spears | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Kremer M Tu | 2 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 6 |
| | V Henke T Panova | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | J Husárová C Martínez | 1 | 1 |
| | J Husárová C Martínez | 6 | 6 | | | J Husárová C Martínez | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Dokic T Tanasugarn | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | J Dokic T Tanasugarn | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | J Lee W Prakusya | 6$^3$ | 3 | | | | | | | | J Husárová C Martínez | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | A Fusai C Vis | 3 | 7$^7$ | 6$^0$ | | | | | | | A Augustus B Rippner | 4 | 1 | | | | |
| Q | L Granville J Hopkins | 6 | 6$^5$ | 7$^7$ | Q | L Granville J Hopkins | 6 | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | A Augustus B Rippner | 7 | 6 | | | A Augustus B Rippner | 3 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | K Po-Messerli A Sugiyama | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Qualifying
### Qualifying seeds

* Marissa Irvin / Alexandra Stevenson (first round)
* Laura Granville / Jennifer Hopkins (qualified)

### Qualifiers

* Laura Granville / Jennifer Hopkins

### Lucky losers

* Jill Craybas / Sarah Taylor

### Qualifying draw

| First round | First round | First round | Qualifying competition | Qualifying competition | Qualifying competition | Qualifying competition |
| 1 | Marissa Irvin Alexandra Stevenson | 6 | | | | |
| | Jill Craybas Sarah Taylor | 8 | | | | |
| | Jill Craybas Sarah Taylor | 8 | | Jill Craybas Sarah Taylor | 1 | 1 |
| | | | 2 | Laura Granville Jennifer Hopkins | 6 | 6 |
| | Teryn Ashley Kristina Brandi | 6 | 2 | Laura Granville Jennifer Hopkins | 6 | 6 |
| 2 | Laura Granville Jennifer Hopkins | 8 | | | | |
# Trigonopeplus abdominalis

Trigonopeplus abdominalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by White in 1855.
# Adah Rose Gallery

Adah Rose Gallery is a fine arts gallery in Kensington, MD, a suburb of Washington, DC and part of the Greater Washington, DC capital area. The gallery was established in 2011 and represents local, regional and national artists. The gallery is located at 3766 Howard Ave, Kensington, MD 20895.

## Artists represented

The gallery represents several well-known national-level artists such as Jessica Drenk, Gregory Ferrand, Sheila Giolitti, Joan Belmar, and about a dozen others. In addition to monthly exhibitions in its Kensington space, the gallery also conducts "pop up" shows in various locations around the capital region area.

## Critical reception

As one of the few art galleries in the Greater Washington area which regularly participates in national art fairs, the gallery's exhibitions have received significant critical coverage in the press, and the national art fairs have given its exhibition program a wide international audience. Its shows are regularly reviewed by the major Greater Washington, DC newsmedia.
# Khairna

Khairna, also spelled Khyrna, is a small hamlet in the Nainital district of the Indian state of Uttarakhand which grew up around the bridge of the same name which has linked two sides of the Kosi River at this site since the Colonial Era.
The Bridge was created in late nineteenth century, when The British Government decided to create a new road along the Khairna river to directly connect the cantonment town of Ranikhet to Nainital the then summer capital of United Provinces. Several shops were established in further years by individuals giving the area the name Khairna Market.

## Geography

Khairna is located on the confluence of Kosi and Khairna Rivers, around the Khairna Bridge at 29°29′48″N 79°28′52″E﻿ / ﻿29.496571°N 79.480985°E﻿ / 29.496571; 79.480985. It is located at a distance of 30 km from Nainital and Ranikhet. The Khairna Bridge marks the junction of the National Highway 109 with the Bhowali-Ranikhet Road. The river bed at Khairna is abundant in ironstone and quartzite.

## Education

The pattern of primary education is essentially the same all over the state. There are government owned schools and government aided schools, which are affiliated to the Uttarakhand Board of School Education. A few privately owned schools are also affiliated to the system. The state education board offers both Hindi and English medium instruction.
The general pattern of education is ten years of common schooling to reach the secondary level. After the secondary level, three streams, namely Arts, Commerce or Science are offered for higher secondary education. After finishing the school, students can opt for higher education related to the streams they had undergone for higher secondary schooling. Approximately 400 students study in the Government Inter College located in Khairna.
# Australopyge

Australopyge is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Arenig stage of the Ordovician Period, approximately 478 to 471 million years ago.
# Sensation (fiction)

Sensation is the fiction-writing mode for portraying a character's perception of the senses. According to Ron Rozelle, "...the success of your story or novel will depend on many things, but the most crucial is your ability to bring your reader into it. And that reader will be most completely in when you deliver the actual sensations of the many things that comprise your story" (Rozelle 2005, p. 76). As stated by Jessica Page Morrell, "You breathe life into fiction by translating the senses onto the page, producing stories rooted in the physical world ... that creates a tapestry, a galaxy of interwoven sensory ingredients." (Morrell 2006, p. 172)
Also according to Rozelle, "The sensation of what something feels like is used to describe everything from sensual pleasure to pain and torture. It's a wide range, and your readers have actually experienced only some of those feelings. So your job is to either make them recall exactly what it feels like when something occurs in your story or, if they haven't experienced it, what it would feel like if they did" (Rozelle 2005, p. 86). Morrell describes a "sensory surround", which when "coupled with drama tugs the reader into [the] story and forces him to keep reading." (Morrell 2006, p. 173)
The importance of conveying sensation in fiction is widely accepted. However, recognition of sensation as a distinct fiction-writing mode is a matter of discussion.
# Philippiella patagonica

Philippiella patagonica is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. It is the sole species in genus Philippiella.

## Description

It is a sub-shrub, or small shrub. It is cushion forming, and dioecious (having male and female reproductive structures which develop only on different plants).
It has dense, imbricate (tiled) and slightly fleshy leaves. Which are arranged in opposite pairs, linear to obovate in shape, rigid and about 1.5 mm long. It blooms in spring, with solitary, terminal (at the ends of branches) flowers. They are perigynous (borne around the ovary) and subsessile (not completely sessile, a plant stalk). They are about 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) wide and greenish yellow in colour. They have 4 sepals, which are carnose (fleshy), with ciliate (having small hairs) margins. They also have 4 petals, which are filiform (thread-like in shape), and it has 4 stamens which are episepalous (attached to the sepals). The anthers are monothecous (having a sole compartment or cell) and the ovary is 1 celled (uniovulate). The style has 2 clefts, The fruit (or seed capsule) dehiscing irregularly at base. Inside the seeds are ellipsoid and compressed.

## Taxonomy

The genus name of Philippiella is in honour of Rodolfo Amando Philippi (1808–1904), a German–Chilean paleontologist and zoologist. The Latin specific epithet of patagonica refers to coming from Patagonia region. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata vol.3 on page 566 in 1897.
The species is recognised by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), it is also recognised by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they do not list any known species.

## Distribution and habitat

It is native to southern Argentina and Chile.
It grows on cold steppes, at elevations of 0–500 metres (0–1,640 ft) above sea level.

## Cultivation

It can be grown in a sunny, open site in poor, sandy soil or within an alpine house. New plants can be grown from seed in spring, in trays or pots with a thin layer of compost over the seed. Germination will take 1-3 months. Also propagation by cuttings in late summer, also works.
# Selected Poems

Among the numerous literary works titled Selected Poems are the following:
* Selected Poems (Conrad Aiken) by Conrad Aiken
* Selected Poems (Robert Frost) by Robert Frost
* Selected Poems (Galway Kinnell) by Galway Kinnell
* Selected Poems (MacDiarmid) by Hugh MacDiarmid
* Selected Poems (Howard Moss) by Howard Moss
* Selected Poems (Robert Nathan) by Robert Nathan
* Selected Poems (Sylvia Plath) by Sylvia Plath
* Selected Poems (Robert Pinsky) by Robert Pinsky
* Selected Poems (J. C. Ransom) by John Crowe Ransom
* Selected Poems (C. A. Smith) by Clark Ashton Smith
* Selected Poems (James Tate) by James Tate
* Selected Poems (Vern Rutsala) by Vern Rutsala
* Selected Poems by Huang Te-shih by Huang Te-shih.
# Tritonia pallida

Tritonia pallida may refer to:
* Tritonia pallida (plant), a species of plant in the family Iridaceae
* Tritonia pallida (gastropod), a species of nudibranch in the family Tritoniidae
# Schumann Center for Media and Democracy

The Schumann Center for Media and Democracy (formerly The Florence and John J. Schumann Jr. Foundation) was established in 1961, by Florence Ford and John J. Schumann Jr. The foundation states that its purpose is to renew the democratic process through cooperative acts of citizenship, especially as they apply to governance, and the environment. It is based in Montclair, New Jersey in the New York City Metropolitan Area.

## Establishment

John J. Schumann Jr was the former president of General Motors Acceptance Corporation. Florence Ford brought to the foundation wealth that she had inherited from her father Austin Ford, who was one of the founders of Bundy Manufacturing Company, a predecessor of IBM.
Current officers and trustees of the foundation include the founders' sons Robert F. Schumann (chairman) and W. Ford Schumann (vice president) as well as Bill Moyers (president). Bill Moyers' son, John Moyers, was approved by the board of directors on Monday, October 9, 2006, to follow his father as president of the foundation when the senior Moyers retires in January 2007. About a month later, John Moyers resigned that position. Joan Konner, a long time board member, was appointed chairman of the board. John Moyers was the recipient of significant funds from the-then Schumann Foundation to found TomPaine.com, which he headed for several years.

## Statistics

The foundation reported 2001 assets of $60,963,043 and expenditures of $5,096,495. Recipients of recurring Schumann Foundation grants during the 1990s, ranging from under $100,000 to more than $5 million annually, include the Tides Foundation and Tides Center, Environmental Working Group, Union of Concerned Scientists, Natural Resources Defense Council, Western Organization of Resource Councils, Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, the Center for Media and Democracy, The Nation, Mother Jones, In These Times, TomPaine.com, and The American Prospect. The campaign finance reform advocacy organization, Public Campaign received over $1 million for its work in 2006.
# 2007 World Archery Championships – Women's individual compound

The women's individual compound competition at the 2007 World Archery Championships took place in July 2007 in Leipzig, Germany. 73 archers entered the competition. Following a qualifying FITA round, the archers were placed into a 7-round knockout round, drawn according to their qualification round scores, with the top 55 qualifiers receiving a bye to the second round. The semi-finals and finals then took place on 15 July.

## Qualifying

The following archers were the leading 16 qualifiers:
* Erika Anschutz (4th round)
* Jamie van Natta (4th round)
* Petra Ericsson (4th round)
* Jennifer Dy Chan (Quarterfinal)
* Albina Loginova (2nd place)
* Ingrid Olofsson (2nd round)
* Camilla Sømod (4th round)
* Amandine Bouillot (3rd place)
* Valerie Fabre (4th round)
* Gladys Willems (3rd round)
* Eugenia Salvi (Champion)
* Maja Marcen (3rd round)
* Hiroko Taniguchi (2nd round)
* Andrea Weihe (3rd round)
* Anna Kazantseva (Quarterfinal)
* Almendra Ochoa (3rd round)

## Finals

| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 17 | Seo Jung-hee | 112 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Amandine Bouillot | 113 | | | | | | |
| 8 | Amandine Bouillot | 113 | 8 | Amandine Bouillot | 109 | | | |
| | | | 5 | Albina Loginova | 114 | | | |
| 5 | Albina Loginova | 112 | 5 | Albina Loginova | 114 | | | |
| 4 | Jennifer Dy Chan | 111 | | | | | | |
| 4 | Jennifer Dy Chan | 111 | | | | 5 | Albina Loginova | 107 |
| | | | | | | 11 | Eugenia Salvi | 111 |
| 19 | Ivana Buden | 112 | | | | | | | 11 | Eugenia Salvi | 111 |
| 11 | Eugenia Salvi | 113 | | | |
| 11 | Eugenia Salvi | 113 | 11 | Eugenia Salvi | 112 | Third place | Third place | Third place |
| | | | 23 | Irina Markovic | 108 |
| 23 | Irina Markovic | 112 | 23 | Irina Markovic | 108 | 8 | Amandine Bouillot | 114$^{10}$ |
| 15 | Anna Kazantseva | 109 | | | | 23 | Irina Markovic | 114$^9$ |
# Australoplana alba

Australoplana alba, also known as the Australian flatworm, is a species of land planarian belonging to the tribe Caenoplanini. It is native to Australia.

## Taxonomy

Australoplana alba contains the following subspecies:
* Australoplana alba roseolineata
* Australoplana alba alba
# Goodenia arachnoidea

Goodenia arachnoidea is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect to ascending herb with egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and racemes of yellow flowers with leaf-like bracts at the base.

## Description

Goodenia arachnoidea is an erect to ascending herb that typically grows to a height of 450 mm (18 in), with dense, cobwebby hairs on the foliage. The leaves are egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 40–100 mm (1.6–3.9 in) long, 15–35 mm (0.59–1.38 in) wide with small teeth on the edges. The stem leaves are more or less petiolate. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to 300 mm (12 in) long, each flower on a pedicel about 40 mm (1.6 in) long with leaf-like bracts at the base. The sepals are linear to triangular, densely hairy and 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long, the corolla yellow, 12–14 mm (0.47–0.55 in) long and hairy near the base. The lower lobes of the corolla are 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long with wings about 2 mm (0.079 in) wide. Flowering has been observed in May and the fruit is an oval capsule 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Goodenia arachnoidea was first formally described in 1990 by Roger Charles Carolin in the journal Telopea from material collected by David Symon near Theda Station in the Kimberleys in 1971. The specific epithet (arachnoidea) means "cobwebby", referring to the hairs on the foliage.

## Distribution and habitat

This goodenia usually grows in forest on sandstone outcrips in the Northern Kimberley region of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Goodenia arachnoidea is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Chief veterinary officer

Chief veterinary officer (CVO) is the head of a veterinary authority (typically a national government service comprising veterinarians, other professionals and paraprofessionals). They have the responsibility and competence for ensuring or supervising the implementation in their nation of animal health and welfare measures, international veterinary certification and other standards and recommendations. The World Organization for Animal Health recognizes the notion of chief veterinary officers. The Council of the European Union also realizes the importance of the chief veterinary officers, and founded a preparatory body called Working Party of Chief Veterinary Officers. Typical responsibilities of a chief veterinary officer are to organize and operate a country's animal health and animal protection service and veterinary public health service, covering food chain safety, control of zoonoses, environmental contamination and role of animals in the society.

## Examples of chief veterinary officers

* Chief Veterinary Officer (Hungary)
* Chief Veterinary Officer (United Kingdom)
* Chief Veterinary Officer (Australia)
* Chief Veterinary Officer (United States), the Veterinary Services Deputy Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, part of the United States Department of Agriculture
# Candelaria Bypass Road

Candelaria Bypass Road, also known as Candelaria Diversion Road, is a 7.5-kilometer (4.7 mi) national secondary road in the town of Candelaria, Quezon. Inaugurated in September 2012, it bypasses the town proper of Candelaria. It was initiated as a project of former Quezon 2nd district Representative Irvin Alcala as an effort to decongest traffic at Pan-Philippine Highway.
The entire road is designated as National Route 609 (N609) of the Philippine highway network.

## Route description

The two- to four-lane bypass road bypasses the town proper of Candelaria. Travelers thus cut the travel time from Pan-Philippine Highway (Maharlika Highway), which traverses into the town proper.
It starts at the Pan-Philippine Highway in Barangay Bukal Sur, turning southwest to Barangays Masin Sur, Pahinga Norte, Malabanban Sur and Mangilag Sur. It intersects the San Juan–Candelaria Road at Malabanban Sur and crosses the Philippine National Railway track in Mangilag Sur. It reunites with Maharlika Highway at its eastern end.

## Intersections

The entire route is located in Candelaria, Quezon. Intersections are numbered by kilometer post, with the Rizal Park in Manila designated as kilometer 0.
| km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| 104.25 | 64.78 | AH 26 (N1) (Maharlika Highway) | Western terminus |
| 105.52 | 65.57 | Baloyboy Road | |
| 106.838 | 66.386 | Masin Bridge over Masin River | Masin Bridge over Masin River |
| 107.65 | 66.89 | Cabunag Street / Pahinga Road | |
| 107.807 | 66.988 | Quiapo Bridge over Quiapo River | Quiapo Bridge over Quiapo River |
| 108.82 | 67.62 | San Juan–Candelaria Road | |
| 110.61 | 68.73 | Railroad crossing - Philippine National Railways | Railroad crossing - Philippine National Railways |
| 111.79 | 69.46 | AH 26 (N1) (Maharlika Highway) | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi ||||
# Phyllanthus amarus

Phyllanthus amarus is a leafy herbal plant found in tropical regions in the Americas, Africa, India, China,Sri Lanka and South East Asia. Commons names for this plant include gale of the wind, carry me seed, seed on the leaf, pick-a-back, Bhuiavla (Hindi), Bhuiamla (Bengali), stonebreaker, dukung anak (Malay).

## Description

Phyllanthus amarus is a small, annual plant that grows to a height of 30–60 cm. Its thin branches spread out, and each branch has two rows of small, elliptic-oblong leaves of 5-10mm long that are arranged alternately. Its radial flowers are star-shaped and of about 2mm in size. It grows well in soil of high moisture with light shade, and reaches maturity in 2–3 months.

## Constituents

Phyllanthus amarus contains flavonoids (quercetin-3-0-glucoside and rutin), tannins (geraniin, amariin and gallocatechin) and alkaloids (phyllantine, quinolizidine type, securinine, norsecurinine, isobubbialine and epibubbialine).

## Uses

Phyllanthus amarus has been used in the traditional medicine of various cultures, including Amazonian tribes for the treatment of gallstones and kidney stones; in Ayurvedic and සිංහල වෙදකම (Sinhala) medicine for bronchitis, anaemia, diabetes; and in Malay traditional medicine for diarrhoea, kidney ailments and gonorrhea. More recently there have been preclinical and clinical studies looking into the plant's supposed liver-protective abilities and effect on hepatitis B.
According to animal tests, it has hepatic protection against paracetamol hepatoxicity in rats.
* fruit
* flowers
# Gix

GIX or Gix may refer to:
* George Von Elm (1901–1961), American golfer
* Ghana Internet Exchange
* Gilima language