OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Azerbaijan Golf Challenge Open

The Azerbaijan Golf Challenge Open was a golf tournament on the Challenge Tour. It was first played in August 2014 at the National Azerbaijan Golf Club in Quba, Azerbaijan. It was the first professional golf tournament in Azerbaijan.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up | Ref. |
| 2014 | Moritz Lampert | 272 | −16 | 2 strokes | Mike Lorenzo-Vera | |
# Friedrich Gottlob Schulze

Friedrich Gottlob Schulze (28 January 1795 – 3 July 1860) was a German economist.

## Biography

He was born at Obergävernitz, near Meissen, and hence called Schulze-Gävernitz. He was educated at Leipzig and Jena, becoming professor in the latter university in 1821, and founding there an agricultural institute, the first connected with a German university. In 1832, he went to Greifswald, where he established a similar training school in Eldena in 1834. These institutions exercised great influence throughout Germany. In 1839 he returned to Jena, where a memorial to him was erected in 1867.
Schulze wrote Deutsche Blätter für Landwirtschaft und Nationalökonomie (1843–59), Nationalökonomie oder Volkswirtschaftslehre (1856), and the posthumous Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Landwirtschaft (1863).
# Bolbocara

Bolbocara is an extinct genus of rattail that lived during the Upper Miocene subepoch of Southern California. It contains a single species, B. gyrinus. It may be related to the extant genus Bathygadus.
It is known from the Monterey Formation near Lompoc.
# Scytalopteryx

Scytalopteryx is a monotypic moth genus belonging to the subfamily Drepaninae first described by Ritsema in 1889. It contains the species Scytalopteryx elongata, described by Snellen in 1889, which is found in Sundaland.
The larvae feed on Cocos, Elaeis, Coffea and Lablab species.
# Sault-lès-Rethel

Sault-lès-Rethel (French pronunciation:, literally Sault near Rethel) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
# Geranic acid

Geranic acid, or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid, is a pheromone used by some organisms. It is a double bond isomer of nerolic acid.

## Pharmacology

Choline geranate (also described as Choline And Geranic acid, or CAGE) has been developed as a novel biocompatible antiseptic material capable of penetrating skin and aiding the transdermal delivery of co-administered antibiotics.
The antibacterial properties of CAGE were analyzed against 24 and 72 hour old biofilms of 11 clinically isolated ESKAPE pathogens (defined as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp, respectively), including multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates.
CAGE was observed to eradicate in vitro biofilms at concentrations as low as 3.56 mM (0.156% v:v) in as little as 2 hours, which represents both an improved potency and rate of biofilm eradication relative to that reported for most common standard-of-care topical antiseptics in current use. In vitro time-kill studies on 24 hour old Staphylococcus aureus biofilms indicate that CAGE exerts its antibacterial effect upon contact and a 0.1% v:v solution reduced biofilm viability by over three orders of magnitude (a 3log10 reduction) in 15 minutes.
Furthermore, disruption of the protective layer of exopolymeric substances in mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus by CAGE (0.1% v:v) was observed in 120 minutes. Insight into the mechanism of action of CAGE was provided with molecular modeling studies alongside in vitro antibiofilm assays. The geranate ion and geranic acid components of CAGE are predicted to act in concert to integrate into bacterial membranes, affect membrane thinning and perturb membrane homeostasis.
# Champigny, Quebec City

Champigny is an administrative sector and neighbourhood of Quebec City. It is also the name of a sub-sub-fief on the île d'Orléans in the era of New France that may have give its name to the neighbourhood. Also located here are Champigny Park, Champigny Street East and Champigny Street West. The two Champigny Streets were formerly Champigny Road, part of the Chemin du Roy from Quebec City to Montreal.
Champigny is also the name of Jean Bochart de Champigny, sieur de Noroy et Verneuil, chevalier and intendant of New France from 1687 to 1702. It is unclear whether the neighbourhood is named after the sub-sub-fief or the intendant.

## Références

* 1 2 3 "Champigny - Québec (Ville)". Commission de toponymie. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
* 1 2 3 4 "Fiche : Champigny". www.ville.quebec.qc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
* ↑ "Champigny". Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB). Retrieved 2023-06-12.
* Bouchard, René et al, Itinéraire toponymique du chemin du Roy : Québec-Montréal, Québec, Commission de toponymie, 1981, p. 13.
* Société d'histoire de Sainte-Foy, Normalisation des odonymes : historique de chacun des noms de rues de de la ville de Sainte-Foy, 1993.
* "Québec - secteur de Champigny, Quebec, Canada Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index". The World Air Quality Index project. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
* Ricard-Châtelain, Baptiste (2021-05-26). "La caserne Champigny démolie cet été, les pompiers relocalisés". Le Soleil (in French). Retrieved 2023-06-12.
* This Quebec City-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Thygater

Thygater is a genus of bees belonging to the family Apidae.
The species of this genus are found in Central and South America.
Species:
* Thygater aethiops (Smith, 1854)
* Thygater anae Urban, 1999
* Thygater analis (Lepeletier, 1841)
* Thygater carijo Freitas & Silveira, 2018
* Thygater chaetaspis Moure, 1941
* Thygater cockerelli (Crawford, 1906)
* Thygater colombiana Urban, 1967
* Thygater crawfordi Urban, 1967
* Thygater danunciae Freitas & Silveira, 2017
* Thygater dispar (Smith, 1854)
* Thygater hirtiventris Urban, 1967
* Thygater laevis Urban, 1999
* Thygater latitarsis Urban, 1967
* Thygater luederwaldti (Schrottky, 1910)
* Thygater melanotricha Urban, 1967
* Thygater mexicana Urban, 1967
* Thygater micheneri Urban, 1967
* Thygater minarum Urban, 1999
* Thygater montezuma (Cresson, 1879)
* Thygater mourei Urban, 1961
* Thygater nigropilosa Urban, 1967
* Thygater oliveirae (Holmberg, 1903)
* Thygater palliventris (Friese, 1908)
* Thygater paranaensis Urban, 1967
* Thygater rubricata (Smith, 1879)
* Thygater seabrai Urban, 1967
* Thygater sordidipennis Moure, 1941
* Thygater tuberculata Urban, 1967
* Thygater ubirajarai Urban, 1999
* Thygater xanthopyga Urban, 1967
# Thomas Sale

Thomas Sale may refer to:
* Tommy Sale (1910–1990), English footballer
* Tommy Sale (rugby league) (1918–2016), English rugby league footballer
* Thomas Sale (priest) (1865–1939), Archdeacon of Rochdale
# Biflaviolin synthase

Biflaviolin synthase (EC 1.14.21.7, CYP158A2, CYP 158A2, cytochrome P450 158A2) is an enzyme with systematic name flaviolin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    (1) 2 flaviolin + NADPH + H$^+$ + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ 3,3'-biflaviolin + NADP$^+$ + 2 H$_2$O
    (2) 2 flaviolin + NADPH + H$^+$ + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ 3,8'-biflaviolin + NADP$^+$ + 2 H$_2$O
This cytochrome P450 enzyme, from the soil-dwelling bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), catalyses a phenol oxidation C-C coupling reaction.
# Koh Lip Lin

Koh Lip Lin (1935 – 12 February 2015) was a Singaporean chemist and former politician. A former member of the People's Action Party (PAP), he served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Nee Soon Constituency from 1980 to 1988 and the MP for Nee Soon South Single Member Constituency from 1988 to 1996, both of which he served two terms, until they were absorbed by Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency. He also served as the first dean of the Science Faculty for the National University of Singapore (NUS) from 1980 to 1996.

## Early life

Koh was born in 1935. He attended Chung Cheng High School in 1954. In 1960, Koh received a Bachelor of Science from Nanyang University and a PhD in Science from the University of Boston.

## Career

Koh was director of Heeton Holdings until 2012 when he retired.

### Academic career

In 1972, Koh was appointed the dean of the College of Science of Nanyang University. In 1978, Koh joined the People's Action Party (PAP) and was a member of the Estimates Committee of Parliament (from 1979 to 1990) and the Urban and Rural Service Committee (from 1979 to 1988). He stated that before joining, he had previously been asked by the PAP to join in "1970 or 1972".
In the late 1970s to 80s, Koh, along with several others, supported the merging of Nanyang University and the University of Singapore to form the National University of Singapore (NUS).

### Political career

Koh became the Member of Parliament (MP) representing Nee Soon Constituency after the 1980 Singaporean general election where he was elected unopposed. In 1987, Koh opened the S$5 million Jiemin Primary School. In the 1984 Singaporean general election, Koh remained as the MP representing Nee Soon Constituency after winning 74.24% of the vote against Singapore United Front's (SUF) Quek Teow Chuan's 25.76% of the vote.
During the 1988 Singaporean general election, Koh became the MP representing Nee Soon South Single Member Constituency after winning 64.9% of the votes against Singapore Democratic Party's (SDP) Yong Chu Leong with 30.7% and United People's Front's (UPF) Munjeet Singh with 4.39%.
In the 1991 Singaporean general election, Koh secured a second term as the MP representing the Nee Soon South Single Member Constituency by winning 52.9% of the vote against SDP's Low Yong Nguan. In 1996, Koh complained that his branch's library had not been made since it was materialized 10 years ago, asking for a progress report on the Library 2000 project.
He retired from politics in 1996 after being an MP since 1979.

## Death

Koh died on 12 February 2015 at 79.
# Three Threes Condiments

Three Threes Condiments is a condiments producer of Australia. Their products include:
* Sweet mustard pickles (Spreadable and Chunky)
* Tomato sauce
* Pickled onions (Australian, Old Style and Honey Mustard)
* Sweet Spiced Gherkins
* Olives (Stuffed, Green, stuffed with fetta, stuffed with anchovies)
* Giardiniera (mix of vegetables in brine)
* Mint jelly
* Apple sauce
* Mightymite
* Passionfruit Butter
* Choc-Honey Spread
* Mediterranean Antipasto Mix
* Sundried Tomatoes in Olive Oil
* Stuffed Vine Leaves (Dolmades)
# Chaparral 2E

The Chaparral 2E is a Group 6 sports prototype race car designed and developed by both Jim Hall and Hap Sharp, and built by American manufacturer Chaparral, which campaigned in the Can-Am Championship series, in 1966.
# Kobroor

Kobroor is an island in the Aru Islands in the Arafura Sea. It is situated in the Maluku Province, Indonesia. Its area is 1723 km$^2$. The other main islands in the archipelago are Tanahbesar (also called Wokam), Kola, Maikoor, Koba and Trangan.
# Kobro (crater)

Kobro is a crater near the south pole of the planet Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on the December 12, 2012. Kobro is named for the Polish sculptor Katarzyna Kobro. It is adjacent to Komeda crater, which was named at the same time.
The northern floor of Kobro is in permanent shadow.
# Thrill Collins

Thrill Collins are a British acoustic trio formed in 2009. The band consists of Robbie Pert on guitar and vocals, Andrew Lansley on double bass/vocals and Peter Harper on cajon/vocals. To date they have released three EPs recorded by producer George Shilling. The band are most noted for their application of the skiffle genre to modern music. Taking inspiration from the DIY ethics of the movement and artists such as Lonnie Donegan and The Quarrymen, the band have sought to replicate the style and humour that is closely associated with the genre. Using the trio set-up of guitar, upright bass the band substituted the traditional washboard percussion for the Peruvian cajon.

## Origins

Thrill Collins grew out of a friendship between Pert and Lansley and the band formed when they played their debut gig before rehearsing, stepping in at the last minute to fill an empty slot at a local event. As the band grew in popularity Harper joined the line up ahead of their 2011 European tour enhancing the vocal and rhythmic capabilities of the trio.

## Charity work

Thrill Collins do not take any profit from the proceeds of CD/MP3 sales. They have undertaken charity work throughout their career for numerous national organisations such as Oxfam, Cancer Research UK, Sue Ryder, Macmillan, Teenage Cancer Trust, Alzheimer's Society, Winston's Wish and the London 2012 Olympics.

## Notable appearances

Thrill Collins have played numerous festivals and tours across the UK, Europe and the US. On their Myspace page the band claim to have been "on tour since 2009" and average between 120 and 150 shows per year. In the past they have enjoyed support slots with artists such as The Wurzels, Zero 7, Chas and Dave, The Subways, Wiley, Bucks Fizz and The Hoosiers and continue to perform regularly throughout Europe.

## Television and radio

The band have appeared numerous times on radio and television programming. They have also created a number of episodic and feature length web documentaries on YouTube including "The Soundman's Tale", "The Wrong Way Round", "Jouer Noel", "It's Not A Holiday" and "WAGS". The band have also released a video for "Black or White", a cover of Michael Jackson's hit single.
# Kokamau

Kokamau is a village on the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It is located 45.2 kilometres (28.1 mi) by road northwest of Honiara.
# Thunder Bay Community Auditorium

The Thunder Bay Community Auditorium is a 1,511 seat performance arts centre, located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. It opened on October 16, 1985 and is home to the Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra. The Community Auditorium hosts 150,000 patrons annually,.
It has a 40' by 50' permanent stage, a 70' by 39' proscenium, 8 dressing rooms, 52 lines, 2x 400 A 120 V/208 V electrical, 3 meeting rooms, a 450-person banquet capacity, and parking for 1000 vehicles. The facility features a wide variety of state-of-the-art equipment, including a ceiling that can be lowered or raised and acoustic draperies which can be adjusted to modify the reverberance in the auditorium.

## Naming sponsor

In an effort to decrease the facility's burden on taxpayers, the Community Auditorium issued an expression of interest for an organization or individual to become a naming sponsor in February 2008. Two potential sponsors — Shaw Communications and TBayTel — initially expressed interest, but did not follow up on it by the March 27, 2008 deadline, and the name will remain the same. The facility receives $475,000 annually from the City of Thunder Bay.
# Knema poilanei

Knema poilanei is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is endemic to Vietnam.
# Chamberlineptus

Chamberlineptus morechalensis, the sole species of the genus Chamberlineptus is a spirostreptid millipede from Venezuela. Individuals are around 10 cm (3.9 in) long and 5.4 to 7 mm (0.21 to 0.28 in) in diameter. C. morechalensis was described in 1954 by Nell B. Causey, described as similar to the spirostreptid Andineptus in the structure of the gonopods (male reproductive appendages). However, J. M. Demange (1970) and Jean-Paul Mauriès (1975) considered both Chamberlineptus and Andineptus to be taxonomic synonyms, or at least subgenera, of Orthoporus.
# Chamberlin Inn

The Chamberlin Inn is a historic Cody, Wyoming hotel and landmark, known famously as the hotel where Ernest Hemingway stayed and finished his manuscript, Death in the Afternoon. Located at 1032 12th Street in downtown Cody, Wyoming the small boutique hotel is 21 units made up of a series of suites, rooms, cottage and garden studios, as well as the Court House Residence, all within a brick and wrought iron courtyard.

## Description and history

In 1900 Agnes (Aggie) Chamberlin made the journey from Kansas to Cody based on a job awarded to her to work for the famous Buffalo Bill Cody at the Cody Enterprise newspaper office. Across the street from the Cody Enterprise office was a sagebrush-covered vacant lot where in 1903, Agnes opened her first boarding house. Over the next 14 years, several buildings were combined to create the Chamberlin Hotel. Agnes held the first Cody Club meetings in the dining room of the Inn. The Cody Club is still in existence in Cody, Wyoming as the Cody Country Chamber of Commerce's weekly meeting event.
Agnes sold the hotel in 1939 and the name was later changed to the Pawnee Hotel by Hattie and George Evans. Then in 1974 the hotel was purchased by JoJean DeHony, and over the next 31 years JoJean successfully operated the hotel, landscaped the adjoining vacant lot, and added baths to most rooms. In October 2005, the hotel again changed ownership and, as a tribute to Agnes Chamberlin, the name was changed back to the Chamberlin Inn. The owners Ev and Susan Diehl, long time Cody residents, began a complete restoration of the hotel and the surrounding properties.

## Notable guests

During the 1920s and 30's, the Chamberlin Inn was a very popular place to stay in Cody and included famous people such as Marshall Fields, Larry Larom, Stanley, and Haliburton.
Ernest Hemingway's signature is on one of the Chamberlin Inn's original guest registers and is displayed in Room 18, where the author stayed for several days in 1932. During this time, Ernest Hemingway had completed the manuscript for "Death in the Afternoon" and mailed the manuscript and several short stories to his publishers from his Cody, Wyoming location. Hemingway spent his days fishing the Clark's Fork River and was known to frequent the Irma Bar at night.

## Present

The Chamberlin Inn has been featured in many travel magazines and books including Fodors "Choice", National Geographic Traveler Magazine, Top Ten Inns, Frommers, Historic Hotels of the Rockies, Cowboys & Indian Magazine, Moon Guide, Lonely Planet, Insider's Guide, Sunset Magazine and Western Art & Architecture.
# CVS

CVS may refer to:

## Organizations

* CVS Health, a US pharmacy chain
** CVS Pharmacy, a subsidiary of CVS Health (originally named the Consumer Value Stores from 1963–1969)
** CVS Caremark, a prescription benefit management subsidiary
* Council for Voluntary Service, England
* Cable Video Store, former US pay-per-view service
* CVS Ferrari, an Italian mobile handling equipment manufacturer
* Chicago Vocational High School, US

## Science

* Cardiovascular system
* Cyclic vomiting syndrome
* Chorionic villus sampling, a form of prenatal testing
* Computer vision syndrome, from excessive computer display use
* CVS (enzyme), the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of valencene
* Coversine, in mathematics

## Technology

* Computer-controlled Vehicle System, a personal rapid transit system developed in Japan
* Concurrent Versions System, a revision control system for software development
* Crankcase ventilation system, a system for allowing engine blow-by gases to escape

## Other

* Anti-submarine warfare carrier, US hull classification symbol CVS
* C. V. S. Rao (1918–1993), a senior officer in the Indian police
# 2010 Intersport Heilbronn Open

The 2010 Intersport Heilbronn Open (known as the 2010 Intersport Heilbronn Open presented by Wilson for sponsorship reasons) was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Talheim, Germany between 25 and 31 January 2010.

## ATP entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| GER | Michael Berrer | 66 | 1 |
| GER | Daniel Brands | 91 | 2 |
| CZE | Jan Hernych | 109 | 3 |
| CRO | Mario Ančić | 115 | 4 |
| ISR | Harel Levy | 116 | 5 |
| SVK | Karol Beck | 117 | 6 |
| GER | Björn Phau | 118 | 7 |
| UKR | Oleksandr Dolgopolov Jr. | 123 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of January 18, 2010.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Nils Langer
* Louk Sorensen
* Cedrik-Marcel Stebe
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Tobias Kamke
* Jan Mertl
* Michał Przysiężny
* Yuri Schukin
The following player received the lucky loser spot:
* Robin Vik

## Champions
### Singles

Michael Berrer def. Andrey Golubev, 6–3, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$.

### Doubles

Sanchai Ratiwatana / Sonchat Ratiwatana def. Mario Ančić / Lovro Zovko, 6–4, 7–5.
# Gavignano

Gavignano is a town in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy. Gavignano is approximately 50 km south east of Rome, on a hill in the Lepini Mountains.
The name of the town is believed to be derived from the Roman consul and general Aulus Gabinius, a friend of Pompey and ally of Julius Caesar.
The nearest train station is located in the town of Colleferro. Nearby, within the communal territory, is an archaeological site of a Roman villa from the Republican era, the villa "Rossilli", believed to be a country home of the Julii family. At Rossilli there is also a historical abbey, built by the Benedictines in the 12th century.
Pope Innocent III was born there in 1160.
# Shilu (Jurchen)

Shilu was a chieftain of the Wanyan tribe, the most dominant among the Jurchen tribes which later founded the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). He was the eldest son of Suike. He was appointed chieftain of the Wanyan tribe by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 10th and 11th centuries.
Shilu was posthumously honoured with the temple name Zhaozu (昭祖) by his descendant, Emperor Xizong.

## Family

* Father: Suike
* Mother: Suike's primary consort, posthumously honoured as Empress Gongjing (恭靖皇后)
* Spouse: Lady Tushan (徒單氏), posthumously honoured as Empress Weishun (威順皇后), bore Wugunai and Wuguchu
* Concubines:
** Dahumo (達胡末) of the Wusazha (烏薩扎) tribe, bore Tuohei, Pulihei and Woli'an
** Concubine of unknown name, from Goryeo, bore Hushida
* Sons:
** Wugunai, posthumously honoured as Emperor Jingzu
** Wuguchu (烏古出)
** Bahei (跋黑)
** Pulihei (仆里黑)
** Woli'an (斡里安)
** Hushida (胡失答)
# Arab Law Quarterly

The Arab Law Quarterly is an English language quarterly devoted to Arab law, covering both Sharia and secular law. The magazine was first published in September 1985. It is based in London and was published by Lloyd's of London in the past. It is now published by Brill Publishers.
# Friedrich Kless

Friedrich Kless (7 October 1906 – 6 April 1994) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## Awards and decorations

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 14 October 1940 as Major and Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Kampfgeschwader 55
* German Cross in Gold on 12 January 1943 as Oberstleutnant im Generalstab (in the General Staff) of Luftwaffen-Kommando Ost
# COCH

Coch or COCH may refer to:
* Cochlin, extracellular matrix protein enriched in the inner ear
* Council of Christian Hospitals, in Andhra Pradesh, India
* Countess of Chester Hospital, in Chester, United Kingdom
* Aleix Coch (born 1991), Spanish footballer
* Jessica Coch (born 1979), Mexican actress