OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dai Chuanzeng

Dai Chuanzeng (or Dai Chuanceng, 1921–1990, Chinese: 戴傳曾) was a Chinese nuclear physicist who made fundamental contributions to China's nuclear research and industry.

## Life

Dai was born on 21 December 1921 in Dayan Village, Yin County (present Yinzhou District) of Ningbo, Zhejiang province. Dai graduated from the famous Xiaoshi High School (宁波效实中学) in Ningbo. Dai studied physics and graduated in 1942 from the National Southwestern Associated University (NSAU). Dai taught as an assistant at NSAU, Sun Yat-sen University and Tsinghua University. Dai topped (ranked first of totally 400) the Sino-British Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program.
In 1947, Dai went to study in UK and received PhD from the University of Liverpool (advisor James Chadwick). In 1950s Dai went back to China (when Dai was abroad in UK, China already changed its regime from the Republic of China to the newly founded People's Republic of China). Dai was a researcher at the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing.
Dai was the Vice-president, President, Honorary-president of the China Institute of Atomic Energy (中国原子能研究院). Dai was a Deputy-director of the State Nuclear Safety and Environmental Control Committee. Dai was a director of the Chinese Nuclear Physics Society (中国核物理学会), an honorary-director of the Chinese Meteorological Society (中国计量学会), and the deputy director-general of the Chinese Nuclear Power Society (中国核动力学会). Dai was a senior academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Dai died in Beijing on 18 November 1990.

## Merits

Dai's early research focused on developing the nuclear detector of high accuracy, which is closely related to his doctoral study. He was a founding father of this field in China.
Dai's team built the first neutron crystal spectrometer, the first neutron diffractometer, the first zero-energy thermal reactor, the first neutron transmutation doping of monocrystalline silicon, first large-sized electromagnetic separator in China.
Dai is the father of the Chinese nuclear micro-reactor.
# Ground reaction force

In physics, and in particular in biomechanics, the ground reaction force (GRF) is the force exerted by the ground on a body in contact with it. For example, a person standing motionless on the ground exerts a contact force on it (equal to the person's weight) and at the same time an equal and opposite ground reaction force is exerted by the ground on the person.
In the above example, the ground reaction force coincides with the notion of a normal force. However, in a more general case, the GRF will also have a component parallel to the ground, for example when the person is walking – a motion that requires the exchange of horizontal (frictional) forces with the ground.
The use of the word reaction derives from Newton's third law, which essentially states that if a force, called action, acts upon a body, then an equal and opposite force, called reaction, must act upon another body. The force exerted by the ground is conventionally referred to as the reaction, although, since the distinction between action and reaction is completely arbitrary, the expression ground action would be, in principle, equally acceptable.
The component of the GRF parallel to the surface is the frictional force. When slippage occurs the ratio of the magnitude of the frictional force to the normal force yields the coefficient of static friction.
GRF is often observed to evaluate force production in various groups within the community. One of these groups studied often are athletes to help evaluate a subject's ability to exert force and power. This can help create baseline parameters when creating strength and conditioning regimens from a rehabilitation and coaching standpoint. Plyometric jumps such as a drop-jump is an activity often used to build greater power and force which can lead to overall better ability on the playing field. When landing from a safe height in a bilateral comparisons on GRF in relation to landing with the dominant foot first followed by the non-dominant limb, literature has shown there were no significances in bilateral components with landing with the dominant foot first faster than the non-dominant foot on the GRF of the drop-jump or landing on vertical GRF output.
# Five-needle pine

Five-needle pine is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Pinus parviflora, native to eastern Asia
* Pinus peuce, native to southeastern Europe
# Guanay Municipality

Guanay Municipality (Aymara: Wanay) is the second municipal section of the Larecaja Province in the La Paz Department, Bolivia. Its seat is Guanay.

## Geography

The Cordillera Real traverses the Guanay Municipality. Some of the highest peaks of the range, Chachakumani and Ch'iyar Juqhu, lie within the borders of the municipality. More mountains are listed below:
| Aqhuya Aqhuyani Chachakumani Ch'iyar Juqhu Imasiña Jach'a Pata Janq'u K'ark'a Kuntur Jipiña Ñuñuni Qalani | Pallqa K'ark'a Patapatani Qillwani Turini Wari Qalluni Pata Wila Lluxita Wila Umani Wila Wila |

## Languages

The languages spoken in the Guanay Municipality are mainly Spanish, Aymara and Quechua.
| Language | Inhabitants |
| Quechua | 1.653 |
| Aymara | 3.405 |
| Guaraní | 5 |
| Another native | 94 |
| Spanish | 10.064 |
| Foreign | 86 |
| Only native | 737 |
| Native and Spanish | 4.123 |
| Only Spanish | 5.942 |
Ref.: obd.descentralizacion.gov.bo
# Fox (crater)

Fox is a small lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is named after the American astronomer Philip Fox. It lies near the northern rim of the crater Wyld, and to the southeast of Babcock. This crater is bowl-shaped, with a roughly circular rim, simple sloping walls and a relatively level, featureless interior. There is some talus along the northern inner wall.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Fox.
| Fox | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| A | 1.5° N | 98.3° E | 13 km |
# Adriano de Paiva

Adriano de Paiva (1847–1907) was a Portuguese scientist who was one of the pioneers of telectroscope. He worked at the Politechnical Academy of Porto and conducted research into selenium as a material to transmit images.
His work followed the discovery of photoconductivity in selenium by Willoughby Smith in 1873. In the 19th century he suggested the use of a chemical that would enable images to be transmitted at a considerable range.
# Abeokuta North

Abeokuta North is a Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Akomoje, near Abeokuta. It has an area of 808 km$^2$ and a population of 201,329 at the 2006 census.
The local government area includes the Oyan Dam, an important source of water to the cities of Lagos and Abeokuta. Communities who rely on the Oyan lake for fishing and water supply show high levels of urinary Schistosoma infection.
The postal code of the area is 110.
# Anthroposphere

The anthroposphere refers to that part of the Earth system that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats. The term has been suggested for inclusion as one of the Earth's spheres, while others use the related term technosphere. The term "anthroposphere" was first coined by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess in 1862.
The anthroposphere can be viewed as a human-generated equivalent to the biosphere. While the biosphere is the total biomass of the Earth and its interaction with its systems, the anthroposphere is the total mass of human-generated systems and materials, including the human population, and its interaction with the Earth's systems. A recent study estimated the mass of anthropogenic creations as 1.1 trillion tons in 2020, equivalent to the mass of all living organisms that comprise the biosphere. However, while the biosphere is able to efficiently produce and recycle materials through processes like photosynthesis and decomposition, the anthroposphere is highly inefficient at sustaining itself. As human technology becomes more evolved, such as that required to launch objects into orbit or to cause deforestation, the impact of human activities on the environment potentially increases. The anthroposphere is the youngest of all the Earth's spheres, yet has made an enormous impact on the Earth and its systems in a very short time.
Some consider the term anthroposphere to be synonymous with the noosphere, though the noosphere is often used to refer specifically to the sphere of rational human thought, or ‘the terrestrial sphere of thinking substance’. The anthroposphere is also closely related to the concept of the "technosphere" developed by geologist Peter Haff, historian of science Jürgen Renn, and others. The technosphere refers to all of the technological objects and systems manufactured and created by humans, as contrasted for instance to the biosphere. The technosphere is also distinct from the anthroposphere in these sense that the anthroposphere encompasses not only technologies but cultural, social, economic, and political systems, as well as human behaviors and practices.
Aspects of the anthroposphere include: mines from which minerals are obtained; mechanized agriculture and transportation which support the global food system; oil and gas fields; computer-based systems including the Internet; educational systems; landfills; factories; atmospheric pollution; artificial satellites in space, both active satellites and space junk; forestry and deforestation; urban development; transportation systems including roads, highways, and subways; nuclear installations; warfare.
Technofossils are another interesting aspect of the anthroposphere. These can include objects like mobile phones that contain a diverse range of metals and man-made materials, raw materials like aluminum that do not exist in nature, and agglomerations of plastics created in areas like the Pacific Garbage Patch and on the beaches of the Pacific Islands.
# Grabben Gullen

Grabben Gullen is a small village in Upper Lachlan Shire, New South Wales, Australia. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 253. It is located between Crookwell and Gunning, situated at an elevation of 898 metres above sea level; several snowfalls occur during the winter months.
The town is regularly visited by fossickers, seeking sapphires, garnets, zircons and gold. Its name is derived from an Aboriginal term meaning "small waters", and was chosen due to the numerous small streams in the area, which feed into the Lachlan River.
Built in the early 1800s, Grabben Gullen hosts St Mary's Catholic Church, a post office opened on 16 December 1891, and a pub named The Albion. The church is of gothic style. Designed by an architect named Mr. Gordon in historical records, it lies approximately 4.5 kilometres from the village centre and celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2013.
Grabben Gullen is now a tourist attraction in the Upper Lachlan region, and hosts a monthly produce market.

## History

In November 1869 the Goulburn Herald and Chronicle reported that the residents of Grabben Gullen had signed and adopted a petition. For nine months the residents received no response, and the matter was set aside for about three months. At the expiration of that time an answer was received that a police station would be established.
In 1896 the Goulburn Evening Penny Post reported that the inhabitants of Grabben Gullen were again signing a petition for a police station to be established there.
# Guy of Spoleto

Guy of Spoleto may refer to:
* Guy I of Spoleto (d. 860)
* Guy II of Spoleto (d. 882/83)
* Guy III of Spoleto (d. 894), also King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor
* Guy IV of Spoleto (d. 897)
# Falkenstein Grand Hotel

The Falkenstein Grand Hotel is a luxury resort in Königstein im Taunus (Falkenstein im Taunus), Germany. It was founded in 1875 as a sanatorium for officers. The current structure was completed in 1909 and opened by Kaiser Wilhelm II. It was a sanatorium until 1976 and also served as a hospital, military sanatorium and hospital for invalids before being closed in 1991. On 9 September 1999, it re-opened as a 106-room luxury hotel, the Kempinski Hotel Falkenstein Königstein Frankfurt, managed by Kempinski hotel. In 2001 The German Hotel and Restaurant Association awarded the hotel five stars. In January 2021, its management transferred from Kempinski to Marriott International's Autograph Collection division.
# Reserva de familia

Reserva de Familia (Reserve of Family) is a Chilean telenovela produced by TVN. It is an adaptation of the Spanish series Gran Reserva by Pablo Illanes and directed by Maria Eugenia Rencoret.

## Plot

A family story revolves around two families of winemakers: The Ruiz-Tagle, represented by their patriarch Mr. Fernando (Nelson Villagra) and four children: Miguel (Francisco Melo), Pedro (Marcelo Alonso), Emma (Ingrid Cruz) and Raul (Diego Muñoz) who consider wine as a lucrative business, a family winery that bears more than a century as part of the history and winemaking tradition. After a careful process of making and aging are born Treasury Ruiz-Tagle, strong and balanced wines.
The Rivera, after the death of Federico (Luis Alarcón) are headed by Mrs. Sofia (Consuelo Holzapfel) and their two children: Lucía (Luz Valdivieso) and Daniel (Pablo Cerda), who believe that the vineyard and land area of life. Despite the differences, both families live in a balance that breaks dramatically when someone tries to kill Miguel, the eldest of the Ruiz-Tagle.
It all starts after a failed assassination attempt, the manager of the wineries Ruiz-Tagle is amnesiac, back home trying to recover his memory, his life and discover who tried to kill him. Betrayed and without memory, you can not trust anyone not even their nearest and dearest relatives, including his wife Paula (Paola Volpato), his family Gustavo (Andres Velasco) and Sara (Ignacia Baeza), including Monica (Patricia López), the ambitious family lawyer.
From overnight everyone is a suspect and help detective Jacqueline (Ximena Rivas) is committed to finding the person responsible for the failed assassination.

## Cast
### Main cast

* Nelson Villagra as Fernando Ruiz-Tagle Mackenna.
* Francisco Melo as Miguel Ruiz-Tagle Solar .
* Paola Volpato as Paula Risopatrón.
* Marcelo Alonso as Pedro Ruiz-Tagle Solar.
* Ingrid Cruz as Emma Ruiz-Tagle Solar.
* Diego Muñoz as Raul Ruiz-Tagle Solar .
* Luz Valdivieso as Lucia Rivera Guzmán .
* Andrés Velasco as Gustavo Gonzalez.
* Ignacia Baeza as Sara García López.
* Pablo Cerda as Daniel Rivera Guzmán .
* Patricia López as Mónica Robles.
* Ximena Rivas as Jacqueline Ortega.
* Consuelo Holzapfel as Sofía Guzmán.
* Gabriela Medina as Tina Sánchez.
* César Arredondo as Natalio Contreras.
* Catalina Aguayo as Paloma Olmedo / Antonia.
* Florencia Martínez as Claudia Ruiz-Tagle Risopatrón.

### Special participation

* Gloria Münchmeyer as Estela Solar De Arce .
* Luis Alarcón as Federico Rivera.

### Supporting cast

* Patricio Achurra as Agustín Correa.
* Silvia Santelices as Amelia of Correa.
* Alex Zisis as Diego Calvo.
* Elvira Cristi as Pascal Correa.
* Nicolás Brown as Gonzalo Rodríguez.
* César Caillet as Adrián Fernández.
* Ivana Llanos as Lorena Paris.
* Fernando Olivares as David Toledo.
* Pedro Vicuña as Iván Serrano.
* Pablo Striano as Julio Medina.
* Sergio Silva as Gustavo's friend.
# Airola

Airola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 35 km northeast of Naples and about 20 km southwest of Benevento in the Valle Caudina, facing the Monte Taburno. Nearby is the confluence of the Tesa and Faenza streams into the Isclero River. Airola's territory is also crossed by the Acquedotto Carolino, carrying waters to the Caserta Palace.

## History

Airola is mentioned for the first time in 997. Later it was a fief of Rainulf III of Alife, of Martin Toccabove and the Cortillon family. In 1460, after the siege of Ferdinand I of Naples, it was sold to the Carafa family, and was later given to Alfonso d'Avalos who, in turn, sold it to Ferrante Caracciolo in 1575.
Until 1816 it was included in the Principato Ultra of Avellino, and then was part of the Terra di Lavoro until the unification of Italy (1861), when it was annexed to the province of Benevento.

## Main sights

* Church of the Annunziata (14th-15th centuries), with an Annunciation altarpiece. The bell tower is from 1735. The 18th century façade was designed by Luigi Vanvitelli.
* Lombard castle
* Church of San Gabriele at Monte Oliveto
* Church of Santa Maria dell'Addolorata (14th century, restored in the 18th century)
* Church of San Michele (16th century)
* Palazzo Montevergine, built in 1606 by the Benedictines of Montevergine.
* 17th century churches of San Donato and San Carlo
# Ajjagondahalli

Ajjagondahalli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Hosakote taluk of Bangalore Rural district in Karnataka.
# Barithengarh railway station

vteKharagpur–Puri line :
Legend :
Barithengarh railway station is a railway station on Kharagpur–Puri line, part of the Howrah–Chennai main line under Khurda Road railway division of East Coast Railway zone. It is situated at Barimula, Bato in Jajpur district in the Indian state of Odisha.

## History

In between 1893 and 1896 the East Coast State Railway constructed Howrah–Chennai main line. Kharagpur–Puri branch was finally opened for public in 1901. The route was electrified in several phases. In 2005, Howrah–Chennai route was completely electrified.
# Agyrta mathani

Agyrta mathani is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Rothschild in 1912. It is found in Colombia.
# Fallaste corazón

Fallaste corazón, is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa and originally transmitted by Telesistema Mexicano.

## Cast

* Sonia Furió
* Cuco Sánchez
* Andrea Palma
* Lupita Lara
# Fallbach

Fallbach may refer to:
* Fallbach, Austria, a town in the district of Mistelbach, Lower Austria
* Fallbach Waterfall, a waterfall in the Maltatal valley in the Austrian Alps
* Fallbach (Inn, Baumkirchen), a river of Austria, tributary of the Inn in Baumkirchen
* Fallbach (Inn, Innsbruck), a river of Austria, tributary of the Inn in Innsbruck
* Fallbach (Kinzig), a river of Hesse, Germany
# Gordon Gray Currie

Gordon Gray Currie (May 20, 1923 – February 22, 2017) was a political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Regina Wascana from 1982 to 1986 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative.
He was born in Semans, Saskatchewan, the son of Robert Currie and Mary Anne Pool, and was educated in Saskatchewan, in British Columbia, at Notre Dame Collegiate and at Mount Allison University. Currie served in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II, returning to Regina in 1947. Currie taught school at Balfour Technical School there and coached the football and hockey teams. In 1953, he married Shirley Corinne Clarke. From 1965 to 1976, Currie coached the Regina Rams football club. He led the Rams to eight Manitoba-Saskatchewan Junior League championships, seven Western Canada Junior championships and six national junior titles. In 1975, he was named Canadian Amateur Coach of the Year. He then returned to teaching and later served as a high school principal at Campbell Collegiate in Regina, Saskatchewan.
Currie served in the Saskatchewan cabinet as Minister of Advanced Education and Manpower, as Minister of Continuing Education, as Minister of Education, as Minister of Science and Technology and as Minister of Telephones. He was dropped from cabinet in December 1985 and he did not seek reelection in 1986.
He was named to the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame in 1978, to the Order of Canada in 1979 and to the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 2005. In 1977, he established the Gordon Currie Foundation which awards the Gordon Currie Youth Development Fund.
Currie died on February 22, 2017, aged 93.
# Rhectosemia nomophiloides

Rhectosemia nomophiloides is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1959. It is found in Bolivia.
# Goldington Bury

Goldington Bury is a cricket ground in the Goldington area of Bedford, in England. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1941, when Bedford Town played London Counties. The ground hosted its first Minor Counties Championship match when Bedfordshire played Hertfordshire in 1967. From 1967 to 2003, the ground played host to 32 Minor Counties Championship matches, with the final Minor Counties Championship match played at the ground seeing Bedfordshire host Northumberland. The ground has also hosted 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.
The ground has also hosted List-A matches, the first played between Bedfordshire and Hampshire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. The ground has hosted 3 List-A matches involving Bedfordshire and a single match with Minor Counties South as the home side against Essex in the 1975 Benson & Hedges Cup.
In local domestic cricket, Goldington Bury is the home ground of Bedford Cricket Club and has been since the 1930s. The club was known under the name of Bedford Town Cricket Club until 2006, when it ceased operating, before reforming under its current name.
# Air Combat Emulator

Air Combat Emulator may refer to:
* Ace 1 (video game) or Air Combat Emulator I, a 1985 combat flight simulator
* Ace 2 (video game) or Air Combat Emulator II, a 1987 combat flight simulator
# 2022 World Para Swimming Championships – Women's 50 metre butterfly

The women's 50m butterfly events at the 2022 World Para Swimming Championships were held at the Penteada Olympic Swimming Complex in Madeira between 12–18 June.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| S5 | Marta Fernández Infante Spain | Sevilay Öztürk Turkey | Joana Neves Brazil |
| S6 | Ellie Marks United States | Sara Vargas Blanco Colombia | Nicole Turner Ireland |
| S7 | Danielle Dorris Canada | Giulia Terzi Italy | Tess Routliffe Canada |

## Results
### S5
#### Heats

13 swimmers from nine nations took part. The swimmers with the top eight times, regardless of heat, advanced to the final.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nation | Result | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Marta Fernández Infante | Spain | 42.27 | Q, CR |
| 2 | 2 | 5 | Sevilay Öztürk | Turkey | 44.99 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | 4 | Joana Neves | Brazil | 46.62 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | 5 | Giulia Ghiretti | Italy | 48.18 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | 6 | Jordan Tucker | Canada | 54.24 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | 3 | Darlin Romero | Colombia | 54.53 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 6 | Solène Sache | France | 54.55 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 2 | Dunia Felices | Peru | 1:00.44 | Q |
| 9 | 1 | 2 | Ellie Challis | United Kingdom | 1:02.34 | |
| 10 | 2 | 7 | Meryem Nur Tunug | Turkey | 1:05.04 | |
| 11 | 1 | 7 | Jessica Tinney | Canada | 1:07.65 | |
| 12 | 2 | 1 | Clémence Paré | Canada | 1:09.89 | |
| | 2 | 3 | Sümeyye Boyacı | Turkey | DSQ | |

#### Final

The final was held on 14 June 2022.
| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Result | Notes |
| | Marta Fernández Infante | Spain | 41.91 | CR |
| | Sevilay Öztürk | Turkey | 44.38 | |
| | Joana Neves | Brazil | 45.06 | AM |
| 4 | Giulia Ghiretti | Italy | 47.23 | |
| 5 | Solène Sache | France | 54.02 | |
| 6 | Darlin Romero | Colombia | 54.54 | |
| 7 | Dunia Felices | Peru | 1:00.98 | |
| | Jordan Tucker | Canada | DSQ | |