OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charge-off

A charge-off or chargeoff is a declaration by a creditor (usually a credit card account) that an amount of debt is unlikely to be collected. This occurs when a consumer becomes severely delinquent on a debt. Traditionally, creditors make this declaration at the point of six months without payment. A charge-off is a form of write-off.

## Legal consequences of a charge-off

While a charge-off is considered to be "written off as uncollectable" by the lender, the debt is still legally valid and remains so after the fact. The creditor has the right to legally collect the full amount for the time period permitted by the statute of limitations applicable to the location of the financial institution and the consumer's residence. Depending on the location, this period may be a certain number of years (e.g. three to seven years) or, in some places, indefinite. Methods of collection that can be used include contacts from internal collections staff, outside collection agencies, arbitration, or a lawsuit.

## United States
### Tax regulations

In the United States, federal regulations require creditors to charge off installment loans after 120 days of delinquency, while revolving credit accounts must be charged-off after 180 days.
The purpose of making such a declaration is to help support a tax deduction for bad debts under Section 166 of the Internal Revenue Code. In that respect it is a form of write-off. Bad debts and even fraud are simply part of the cost of doing business. The charge-off, though, does not free the debtor of having to pay the debt.

### Effects on credit report

A charge-off is one of the most adverse factors that can be listed on a credit report. It will then be listed as such on the debtor's credit bureau reports (Equifax, for instance, lists "R9" in the "status" column to denote a charge-off.) The item will include relevant dates, and the amount of the bad debt. This may make obtaining any unsecured or even secured credit more difficult.
If the charge-off has been paid in full, it will be listed on the credit report as "paid in full". If settled for less than the amount due, it will be listed as "settled". Even such a listing on a credit report can be negative.

### Effects on banks

As the number of charge-offs climbs or becomes erratic, officials from the bank's regulators take a close look at the finances of the bank. They may impose various operating restrictions on the bank and, in the most extreme cases, may close the bank entirely.
# Aprophata aurorana

Aprophata aurorana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vives in 2009. It is known from the Philippines.
# Catocala concumbens

Catocala concumbens, the sleepy underwing or pink underwing, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found in eastern North America, west across the southern half of the Prairie Provinces to eastern Alberta.
The wingspan is 60–75 mm. Adults are on wing in August in one generation depending on the location.
The larvae feed on Populus and Salix species.
# Scaphella neptunia

Scaphella neptunia, commonly known as the Neptune volute is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.
# Girl with Hair Ribbon

Girl with Hair Ribbon is a 1965 pop art painting, by Roy Lichtenstein. It was purchased by the Museum of Contemporary Art in Tokyo, for $6 million. This artwork was created using magna and oil paint.
# C. J. Klaas

C.J. Klaas (born August 23, 1983, in Rockford, Illinois) is an American soccer player who played for U.S. at the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship and spent two seasons with the Seattle Sounders in the USL First Division.

## Youth

Klaas was born and raised in Illinois, playing for the Chicago Magic which won the 1999 U-17 National Championship. He then attended the University of Washington where he played on the men's soccer team from 2001 to 2004. He was a first team All American in 2003 and 2004. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in economics in 2005.

## National team

Klaas was selected to the United States U-20 men's national soccer team which competed at the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship. The U.S. lost to Argentina in the quarterfinals. He played in four matches, including the loss to Argentina.

## Professional

Klaas played one season with the Chicago Fire Premier of the fourth division Premier Development League in 2001. The San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer selected Klaas in the third round (thirty-second overall) in the 2005 MLS SuperDraft. The Chicago Storm of Major Indoor Soccer League also selected Klaas with the second pick of the 2005 MISL College Draft. Klaas chose not to sign with either the Earthquakes or Storm in order to finish his degree. After completing it, he joined the Seattle Sounders of the USL First Division. Klaas quickly cemented himself as a critical cog in the Sounders defensive scheme over the next two seasons. However, he left the Sounders after the 2006 season.

## Post-soccer career

Klaas joined Klaas Financial in 2007, which was founded by his father, Craig Klaas. He is currently the president and CFO.
# Sea Lots

Sea Lots is an area within Trinidad and Tobago. The area received its name because the government at the time parceled "lots" of land near the sea. This area is considered part of a group of localities that together are known as Laventille. Sea Lots, however, though very close to Laventille, is distinct from it.
Its close proximity to the sea also makes it very close to the port in Port of Spain, and many old and defunct vessels can be seen in the area. There are also various industrial facilities operating locally, so despite the large number of residents (mostly squatters) it is more of an industrial than a residential area. It is also known as a crime ridden community
In 2013, Machel Montano and Morgan Heritage collaborated on the song, "I See Lots", in an attempt to bring attention to the poverty and crime in the area, while showcasing the youth of the Sea Lots, who desperately need financial assistance and higher education.
# Tony Bennett (sociologist)

Tony Bennett FAcSS FAHA (born 1947) is a British sociologist who has held academic positions in the United Kingdom and Australia. His work focusses on cultural studies and cultural history.

## Early life and education

Bennett was born in Manchester and earned a BA in Politics, Philosophy and Economics at Oxford University in 1968 and a PhD in sociology at Sussex University in 1972.

## Career

In the 1970s and early 1980s, Bennett taught sociology at the Open University in the United Kingdom, as a staff tutor and then as chair of the Popular Culture course.
He then moved to Griffith University in Brisbane, where he was Professor of Cultural Studies, Dean of Humanities, and director of the ARC Key Centre for Cultural and Media Policy until 1998.
In 1998 he returned to the Open University, where he was Professor of Sociology and a founding director of the ESRC Centre for Research on Socio-cultural Change (CRESC).
In 2009 he returned to Australia as research professor in Social and Cultural Theory at the Institute for Culture and Society at Western Sydney University, while remaining a Visiting research professor at the Open University and an associate member of CRESC. He has also been a visiting professor at universities in the United States, China, and Canada.
His work has been important in literary and popular culture studies, especially as a founder of the Australian school of cultural policy studies. He is an elected fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities (1997).

## Publications

Bennett's 1992 essay, "Putting Policy into Cultural Studies", was seminal.
His books include:
* Formalism and Marxism (1979), on Marxist literary criticism
* Outside Literature (1990)
* The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics (1995), a study of the origins and cultural function of the modern museum
* Culture: A Reformer's Science (1998), a reexamination of cultural policy studies
* Culture in Australia: Policies, Publics, Programs (ed., with David Carter, 2001)
* Understanding Everyday Life (ed., with Diane Watson, 2002), textbook for their Open University core course in sociology
* Pasts Beyond Memories: Evolution, Museums, Colonialism (2004)
* Making Culture, Changing Society (2013)
* Museums, Power, Knowledge: Selected Essays (2018)
# Saint George, Virginia

Saint George is an unincorporated community in Greene County, Virginia, United States. Saint George is home to the Blue Ridge School.
# Selected Poems 1956–1968

Selected Poems 1956–1968 is Leonard Cohen's fifth collection of poetry, first published in 1968 by McClelland & Stewart in Canada, and his first book to be published after his debut as a recording artist in December 1967. It was also the first of Cohen's poetry books to be published in the US (by Viking), and offered twenty new poems along with a selection from earlier volumes. Many were hand-picked by Cohen's long-time girlfriend Marianne Ihlen. Published in June, the work sold 20,000 copies over the summer.
# Tiger Style!

Tiger Style! is a 2016 stage play written by Mike Lew, an American-born playwright of Chinese heritage. It was first presented at Boston's Wimberly Theatre, Calderwood Pavilion, Boston Center for the Arts in October/November 2016, produced by the Huntington Theatre Company and directed by Moritz von Stuelpnagel. It will be playing at the Olney Theatre Center, in Olney, Maryland, opening in July 2019.

## Description

The play is an attempt by a Chinese-American playwright to describe his conflicted feelings, being raised by "tiger parents" while confronting the realities of career and lifestyle choices in the United States. It lampoons the stereotypes that surround Chinese-Americans while illustrating the weight of such stereotypes on those involved. As the play opens, an older sister and a younger brother living in the United States are reflecting on the unrealized potential in their lives, as they squabble and consider their individual futures. They finally decide to travel to China, where "race will not be a problem".
Albert is in his early 30s. Jennifer is also in her 30s. They were high achievers in their youth. They both went to Harvard (she graduated in three years). She played piano — "I was the first MD/PhD ever to sell out a concert at Carnegie Hall," she boasts — and he played cello. She became an oncologist; he became a software programmer. But they have ended up with neither the professional fulfillment nor the romantic satisfaction they anticipated. Their life plans are not being fulfilled.
Jennifer has just been dumped by her boyfriend, who excused his leaving by explaining that he at first found her exotic, but was disappointed when she was not "submissive". Albert has just been passed over for a promotion at his company. Looking for explanations for their relative failures, they first blame their parents. They decide it would be therapeutic to confront the parents to demand an apology for the "tiger parenting" that fostered unrealistic expectations but inadequate life skills. Says Albert, "I'm gonna yell at my mom like a white girl!"
However, Mom and Dad prove unrepentant; they advise the children to stop whining. So Albert and Jennifer decide to travel to China, the ancestral homeland, as part of an "Asian Freedom Tour" that will allow them to reinvent themselves ("If we can’t escape a racialized context in America despite being Americans, then we go be Chinese in China, where race is no longer a factor").
Complications ensue.

## Development

Playwright Mike Lew was interviewed on Boston FM radio station WBUR-FM's program All Things Considered to discuss the background of his play. He explained that "tiger parenting" is not a China-society phenomenon, but rather is a strategy which has been employed by some Chinese immigrants in an attempt to have their next-generation members be more accepted by American society. Lew said his play is his attempt to a) explain the origin of this strategy in Chinese-origin families; and b) explore the resulting pressures and reactions of the children thus involved. He said that many of his own feelings and experiences are portrayed (in a fictionalized format) in the play.
# Catocala chenyixini

Catocala chenyixini is a moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in China (Chekiang).
# George Pennington

George Pennington may refer to:
* Kewpie Pennington (1896–1953), Major League Baseball pitcher
* George Pennington (cricketer) (1899–1933), English cricketer
# Ashotan I, Prince of Mukhrani

Ashotan I (Georgian: აშოთან I მუხრანბატონი, Ashot'an I Mukhranbatoni) (died 1561) was a Georgian tavadi ("prince") of the House of Mukhrani, a collateral branch of the royal Bagrationi dynasty, and a co-prince (batoni) of Mukhrani from 1539 to 1561.
Ashotan was a son of Bagrat I, son of Constantine II of Georgia, by his wife Elene. After the resignation of Bagrat in 1539, Ashotan acceded as co-prince with his elder brother Vakhtang I. At the same time, he was commander of the Banner of Shida Kartli, one of the key provinces of the Kingdom of Kartli, a successor of the Kingdom of Georgia ruled by his royal cousins. Ashotan followed the tradition of the Georgian royals of patronizing the Iviron monastery on Mount Athos. A refectory at the Iviron commissioned by Ashotan housed the tomb of Catholicos Nicholas V of Georgia. During the Safavid invasion of Georgia in 1554, Ashotan joined his brothers, Vakhtang and Archil, in their refuge at the court of their sister, Dedisimedi, in Samtskhe. Back to his demesne, Ashotan successfully defended Mukhrani against the attack by the highlanders of Pkhovi in 1561, but he himself died in the battle.
The identity of Ashotan's wife is not known, but he had a daughter, Ketevan (c. 1560 – 13 September 1624), who was married to King David I of Kakheti. She was tortured to death at the order of Shah Abbas I of Persia for having refused to convert to Islam and was subsequently canonized as a saint by the Georgian Orthodox Church.
# Get da Money

"Get Da Money" is a song by American hip hop artist Erick Sermon (released under the moniker Erick Onasis) recorded for his third album Def Squad Presents Erick Onasis (2000). The song, which features fellow hip hop artist Ja Rule, was released as the second single for the album in 2000.

## Track listing
### 12", Vinyl

* "Get Da Money" (Main Pass) - 3:37
* "Get Da Money" (Clean) - 3:37
* "Get Da Money" (Instrumental) - 3:37
* "Get Da Money" (A Capella) - 3:37

## Chart performance

| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| U.S. Hot Rap Singles | 48 |
# Sea Mammal Research Unit

The Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) is a marine science research organisation in Fife, Scotland. It provides the UK's main science capability in the field of marine mammal biology. It is located at the Gatty Marine Laboratory, part of the University of St Andrews. It was established in 1978, when the Natural Environment Research Council merged its Seals Research Division and Whale Research Unit.
SMRU's current strategic science priorities include evaluating the status of marine mammal populations; investigating the importance of marine mammals as components of marine ecosystems; determining the dynamics of marine mammal populations; studying marine mammal social structure and communication; providing the technological basis for observing free-ranging marine mammals and their environment. SMRU also uses the popularity of marine mammals to improve public knowledge about the marine environment.
SMRU's activities address the requirements for information about marine mammals identified in the UK and Scottish Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Strategies and the Strategy for Scotland’s Coast and Inshore Waters. It is also relevant to the Joint UK Response to the Review of Marine Nature Conservation, the EU Marine Strategy and the UK Small Cetacean Bycatch Response Strategy.
SMRU is an independent NERC collaborative centre. The funding it receives from NERC is mainly to support the Conservation of Seals Act 1970. SMRU focuses over half of its research effort on cetaceans. In agreement with NERC, SMRU raises the remainder of its funding from other sources. These include the European Union, Defra, Scottish Government and UK Ministry of Defence. It also develops and supplies instrumentation to the science community.
SMRU Consulting Ltd (Europe) was set up in 2006 as the commercial arm of the Sea Mammal Research Unit at the University of St Andrews and provides consultancy services and advice on marine environmental issues. They have offices in Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific.
Notable SMRU Consulting projects includes Marine Mammal Mitigation on the world's first commercial tidal device at Strangford Loch and the development of PAMBuoy, now Decimus - run by St Andrews Instrumentation Ltd.
On 1 June 2016, a dead Minke whale washed ashore on the West Sands beach of St Andrews, near to the SMRU, and was discovered by a dog walker that evening. During low-tide on 2 June, staff and students from the SMRU, along with the Scottish Marine Animal Strandings Scheme, jointly conducted a necropsy of the whale in view of the public. Noting signature abrasions on the tailstock, and excessive fluid in the lungs, they concluded that the animal had been caught in a fishing trawler's lines, and was drowned by the dragging.
# Bounce to This

Bounce to This is an album by Karl Gordon, also known as K-Gee. The album had one minor hit with "I Don't Really Care" which peaked at No. 22 on the UK Singles Chart two years prior to the album's release, but received more publicity for the song "Let's Get Nice" which he recorded with Melanie Blatt while they were both stoned about the joys of marijuana.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Length |
| 1. | "Stuck in the Middle" | 4:48 |
| 2. | "Hit the Floor" | 4:38 |
| 3. | "Stay True" | 5:03 |
| 4. | "I Don't Really Care" | 5:52 |
| 5. | "If You Leave Me Now" | 4:22 |
| 6. | "Ain't Trying to Hear" | 4:10 |
| 7. | "Stuck in Yo' Head" featuring Shaznay Lewis | 4:04 |
| 8. | "Bounce to This" | 5:21 |
| 9. | "Gettin' It On" | 5:11 |
| 10. | "K.M.F.O! (Knocking Motherfuckers Out!)" | 4:51 |
| 11. | "Worldwide" | 4:27 |
| 12. | "Upside Down" | 4:27 |
| 13. | "We Have It Like That" | 4:50 |
| 14. | "Let's Get Nice" featuring Melanie Blatt | 5:00 |
# Selected Poems 1965–1975

Selected Poems 1965–1975 is a poetry collection by Seamus Heaney, who received the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature. It was published in 1980 by Faber and Faber (and published in the United States as Poems 1965–1975 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1981). It includes selections from Heaney's first four volumes of verse:
* Death of a Naturalist (1966)
* Door into the Dark (1969)
* Wintering Out (1972)
* North (1975)
* This article about a collection of written poetry is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Tiebata

Tiebata is a village in the Mangodara Department of Comoé Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 949.
# George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan

George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan (29 September 1685 – 5 July 1732), styled Lord Brudenell between 1698 and 1703, was a British peer.

## Origins

He was the son of Francis Brudenell, Lord Brudenell, son and heir of Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan. His mother was Lady Frances Savile, granddaughter of Thomas Savile, 1st Earl of Sussex.

## Career

In 1703 he succeeded his grandfather in the earldom. In January 1709 he officially renounced his Roman Catholic faith (the Brudenells had been Catholic for generations) in order to take his seat in the House of Lords. In 1712 he was appointed Master of the Buckhounds, a post he held until 1715.

## Marriage and children

In 1703 he married Lady Elizabeth Bruce (1689-December 1745), a daughter of Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury, 3rd Earl of Elgin, by whom he had several children including:
* George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, 4th Earl of Cardigan, who was created Duke of Montagu in 1766;
* James Brudenell, 5th Earl of Cardigan;
* Mary Brudenell, wife of Richard Powys MP, parents of Elizabeth Powys, Viscountess Sydney;
* Robert Brudenell;
* Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury, who succeeded to the Bruce estates and was created Earl of Ailesbury in 1776.

## Death

He died in July 1732 and was succeeded by his eldest son George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, 4th Earl of Cardigan.
# Causes

Causes, or causality, is the relationship between one event and another. It may also refer to:
* Causes (band), an indie band based in the Netherlands
* Causes (company), an online company
# Admiral Madden

Admiral Madden may refer to:
* Alexander Madden (1895–1964), British Royal Navy admiral
* Sir Charles Madden, 1st Baronet (1862–1935), British Royal Navy admiral
* Sir Charles Madden, 2nd Baronet (1906–2001), British Royal Navy admiral
# Blind Youth

Blind Youth is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Edward Sloman and starring Walter McGrail, Leatrice Joy, and Claire McDowell. It was based upon the play of the same name by Lou Tellegen and Willard Mack. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, when Elizabeth (McDowell) and Pierre Monnier (Swickard) part, the mother takes one son, Henry (Kinny), while the father takes the other, Maurie (McGrail), to Paris. Maurie shows promise as a sculptor, but his life is ruined when he marries Clarice (Carew) and she deserts him to go with Jules Chandoce, a returning soldier. When his father dies, Maurie returns to New York, but finds his mother and brother ashamed of him. He walks the street for a time and contemplates suicide, but becomes inspired after meeting artist model Hope Martin (Joy). With her posing for him he makes a figure called "Blind Youth" which makes him famous overnight. After confessing his love to Hope, he tells her of his unfortunate marriage. Clarice reappears to share Maurie's recent fortune, but, after finally realizing that his happiness means more to her than money, she confesses to him that their marriage was illegal as Chandoce really was her husband. Maurie and Hope then wed.

## Cast

* Walter McGrail as Maurie Monnier
* Leatrice Joy as Hope Martin
* Ora Carew as Clarice Monnier
* Claire McDowell as Elizabeth Monnier
* Josef Swickard as Pierre Monnier
* Charles A. Post as American Tubby
* Leo White as French Louis
* Helen Howard as Matilda Packard
* Clara Horton as Bobo
* Colin Kinny as Henry Monnier

## Production

Two hundred extras were used in a scene set in the world of a "bohemian" New York cabaret. Director Sloan completed the film after Alfred E. Green became ill.