OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grammont, Haute-Saône

Grammont (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## Geography

Grammont is located in the north of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 10 km from Villersexel and 10 km from L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs. The village's name is the combination of the adjective for "large" and the name "mount".
The average altitude of Grammont is 350 m.
The village had 374 inhabitants at the time of the French Revolution of 1789, and 422 during the reign of King Louis-Philippe. As of 2021, the village had only 68 inhabitants.

### Geology

The communal area is based on the Keupérien coalfield Haute-Saône (it is part of the concession Mélecey operated from 1778 to 1865) and the oil shale deposit of Haute-Saône dated Toarcien.

## History

In 1308, Guyot II Granges ("Grammont Guyot II") built a castle here. He was in homage to Count Renaud de Montbéliard. The castle was besieged, taken, burned and partially demolished by the Swiss after the battle of Héricourt on November 13, 1474.
By letters patent of 10 March 1657, the land of Grammont was erected in the county in favor of Claude-François de Grammont, honorary knight in Parliament Dole (Jura). After taking Besançon in 1674, Louis XIV made him dismantle the castles of Franche-Comté and Grammont. From 1699, the castle of Villersexel, from the family of Rye, was the new place of residence of the family.
In 1841 Grammont had 422 inhabitants. At the end of the nineteenth century, Chalon-sur-Saône and Grammont were the two largest Eastern horse fairs, with a concentration on the second which went from 400 to 800 hp by year. The Belgian and Italian armies went there sometimes for horses to their artillery; they were led on foot to the station Villersexel by grooms of these armies. The Flemish merchants went there regularly. Then came the First World War, and infectious anemia equine decimated the herd. Mules replaced them; they even harnessed cows.
At Grammont, in the early twentieth century, fairs tools and seeds that correspond to periods of intense work (plowing and haymaking) disappeared. The horse fair, in hollow period, retained all its reason for being in late winter, hence the saying: "After the fair in Grammont is sown oats."
World War II was due to the horse park with massive requisitions of the German army for the needs of the Russian front.
In 1976, the population of Grammont gave back a second wind at the fair to make it a privileged meeting place for the rural world.

### Annual fair

The annual fair of Grammont is held on the last Saturday of February. It has a tradition of 500 years and dates back to 1502. The fair features demonstrations of agricultural equipment and farm animals, musical performances and a market of regional produce.

### Heraldry

The coat of arms of Grammont is an "Azure three queen busts complexion, and sandy hair and gold crown."

## Population

In 2017, the commune of Grammont had 66 inhabitants. In 1841 the population of Grammont peaked at 422, after which it declined.
# Bob Rob Medina

Robert "Bob Rob" Medina is an American artist, author, musician and educator.
In 1988, Medina founded the Denver-based punk/hardcore record label, Donut Crew Records, releasing the Colorado Crew series of compilation 7-inch EPs featuring The Fluid, Warlock Pinchers, and many others. He was a member of the bands Idiots Revenge, Short Fuse, Suede Fruit, Rotoflo, Savalas, Llamas Nova, Chocolate Kiss, Cabron and Gnar Jar.
Medina is a prolific visual artist, having shown in over 50 group and solo exhibitions worldwide. In 2008, he presented a solo exhibition in Tijuana, Mexico, entitled Buttoning Up the Border. In 2012 his San Diego solo exhibit, Where You From? A Collection of Sights and Sounds from Alexandria, Egypt drew coverage from National Public Radio. In 2015, he published his first book, Denvoid and the Cowtown Punks (launching his own imprint, Robot Enemy Publications, in the process), a collection of illustrations as well as personal memoirs, photos and interviews documenting the punk scene of 1980's Denver.Westword magazine named Denvoid and the Cowtown Punks the "Best Denver Music-History Book" of 2016. Also in 2015, he contributed an article on early Denver punk promoter, Tom Headbanger, to the Colorado Music History series at Denver Public Library. In 2017, Robot Enemy Publications published its second volume, Headspaces: Surrealistic Album Art & Collage by Sonny Kay.
The follow-up to Denvoid, Denvoid 2 Colorado Crew: A Collection of Tales and Images from The Colorado Punk Scene 1988-1996, is a collaboration with Sonny Kay and was released with much fanfare in 2019. The book includes over sixty interviews featuring bands, record labels, artists, writers, entrepreneurs, academics, photographers, promoters, culture jammers, and media influencers including director/musician Mark Brooks, of Lil Pimp and Metalocalypse; Pete Lyman, who has mastered Grammy Award-winning albums by artists including Chris Stapleton; Matt Jacobson owner of the influential grindcore and death metal record label, Relapse Records; punk rock artist icon, Chris Shary who has designed album covers for the Descendents and Less Than Jake, and musician/author Jason Heller, among many others. The Denvoid books were a primary source for Daniel Harvey's "Mile High Hardcore" paper in the Spring 2021 Historical Studies Journal.
In late 2020, Wake Up! Music Group released a 182-page volume of Medina's Day of The Dead artwork and writing, Y Con Tu Espíritu: Palabras y Muertitos.
In the spring of 2021 Medina conceptualized and created the Calaca Tarot Card deck. The project was realized through a Kickstarter funded project.
Medina's work on the Denver punk scene has been featured in interviews including the Emo Brown podcast, Low Key Arts' Movers and Makers, and a KGNU Metro Episode talking about both books and the impact KGNU had on Colorado's punk scene.
Medina taught art at the American Community School of Abu Dhabi.
# Aleksandr Bulanov

Aleksandr Bulanov (born 26 December 1989) is a Russian athlete specialising in the shot put. He won the bronze medal at the 2015 Summer Universiade. Earlier in his career he won the silver at the 2008 World Junior Championships and gold at the 2007 European Junior Championships.
His personal bests in the event are 19.99 metres outdoors (Yerino 2015) and 19.92 metres indoors (Gothenburg 2013).

## Doping ban

Bulanov tested positive for the anabolic steroid methandienone in an out-of-competition control in July 2009 and was subsequently handed a two-year ban from sports. The ban ended on 20 July 2011.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Russia ||||||
| 2007 | European Junior Championships | Hengelo, Netherlands | 1st | Shot put (6 kg) | 19.95 |
| 2008 | World Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 2nd | Shot put (6 kg) | 20.14 m |
| 2013 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 6th | Shot put | 19.70 m |
| 2015 | Universiade | Gwangju, South Korea | 3rd | Shot put | 19.84 m |
# Kerry Spencer

Kerry Spencer may refer to:
* Kerry Spencer (murderer) (born 1980), American convicted murderer
* Kerry Spencer (Emmerdale), fictional character on the television series Emmerdale
# The Mirror Maker

The Mirror Maker is a collection of stories and essays by Italian author Primo Levi originally published in the Italian newspaper La Stampa.

## Stories

"The Thaw" "The Interview" "They Were Made to Be Together" "The Great Mutation" "The Two Flags" "Five Intimate Interviews" "The Mirror Maker" "Through the Walls" "The Ant's Wedding" "Force Majeure" "A Mystery in the Lager" "Time Checkmated" "The Tommy-Gun under the Bed"

## Essays

"A Valley" "The Commander of Auschwitz" "The Moon and Man" "Sic!" "Our Dreams" "The Struggle for Life" "Spears Become Shields" "Translating Kafka" "Rhyming on the Counterattack" "Dear Horace" "Bacteria Roulette" "Among the Peaks of Manhattan" "The Wine of the Borgias" "Reproducing Miracles" "The Man Who Flies" "About Gossip" "Jack London's Buck" "Adam's Clay" "The Spider's Secret" "The Dispute among German Historians" "Defiance in the Ghetto" "Hatching the Cobra"
* This article about an anthology of written works is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# 2008 Uzbek League

The 2008 Uzbek League season was the 17th edition of top level football in Uzbekistan since independence from the Soviet Union in 1992.

## Overview

It was contested by 16 teams, and Bunyodkor won the championship. Traktor Tashkent and Tupalang Sariosiyo withdrew of 2008 season participation because of financial problems. They were replaced by and OTMK Olmaliq, a team from First League, and Metallurg Bekabad which as of 2008 season end, was originally relegated to First League, remained in top division.
Sogdiana Jizzakh and Uz-Dong-Joo promoted from First League. Vobkent FK was relegated in 2007 season.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Bunyodkor | 30 | 25 | 4 | 1 | 75 | 13 | +62 | 79 | 2009 AFC Champions League Group stage |
| 2 | Pakhtakor | 30 | 23 | 5 | 2 | 64 | 14 | +50 | 74 | 2009 AFC Champions League Group stage |
| 3 | Neftchi Farg'ona | 30 | 18 | 6 | 6 | 42 | 25 | +17 | 60 | |
| 4 | Mash'al Mubarek | 30 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 38 | 26 | +12 | 52 | |
| 5 | FK Andijan | 30 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 35 | 28 | +7 | 46 | |
| 6 | FK Samarqand-Dinamo | 30 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 40 | 30 | +10 | 42 | |
| 7 | Metallurg Bekabad | 30 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 28 | 34 | −6 | 42 | |
| 8 | Lokomotiv Tashkent | 30 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 41 | 38 | +3 | 37 | |
| 9 | Nasaf Qarshi | 30 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 28 | 36 | −8 | 35 | |
| 10 | Olmaliq FK | 30 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 29 | 34 | −5 | 33 | |
| 11 | Sogdiana Jizzakh | 30 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 32 | 48 | −16 | 33 | |
| 12 | FC Shurtan Guzar | 30 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 22 | 44 | −22 | 33 | |
| 13 | Navbahor Namangan | 30 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 28 | 39 | −11 | 32 | |
| 14 | Qizilqum Zarafshon | 30 | 9 | 5 | 16 | 27 | 44 | −17 | 32 | |
| 15 | FK Buxoro (R) | 30 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 25 | 44 | −19 | 26 | Relegation to Lower Division |
| 16 | Uz-Dong-Joo (R) | 30 | 2 | 7 | 21 | 17 | 65 | −48 | 13 | Relegation to Lower Division |
# Larry Jones (wide receiver)

Lawrence Allen Jones (born March 4, 1951) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants, the Washington Redskins, and the San Francisco 49ers. He played college football at Truman State University (then Northeast Missouri State), where he was also an All-American in track and field.

## College career

In 1972, Jones won the national championships in the 440 yards run. In 1974, Jones had the world's fastest time in the 440, at 45.2 seconds.
In 1985, Jones was inducted into the Truman State athletic hall of fame.

## NFL career

Jones was drafted in the 15th round of the 1974 draft by the New York Giants. He was released by the Giants before the season started and signed by the Washington Redskins. In the 1974 season, Jones returned 100 kicks, including a 52-yard return for a touchdown.
Before the 1978 season, Washington traded Jones to the San Francisco 49ers. The 49ers released Jones after 10 games. Jones subsequently signed with the Giants.
# Scottish Crofting Federation

The Scottish Crofting Federation (SCF), formerly called the Scottish Crofting Foundation (also formerly called the Scottish Crofters Union), is an organization of crofting communities in the highlands and islands of Scotland.
The SCF's mission is to safeguard and promote the rights, livelihoods, and culture of crofters and their communities. Its magazine is called The Crofter.

## SCF (Scottish Crofting Federation)

The SCF is a charity dedicated to safeguarding crofting and its cultural heritage. Established and run by crofters, SCF engages with agencies and government at a local, national, and international level to influence policy on rural issues including sustaining rural populations, food production, and environmental protection. It also provides a network of support to established, new, and aspiring crofters through training, mentoring, and sharing of experience.

## Scottish crofting produce mark

The Scottish crofting produce mark was introduced in 2008 to identify products produced by a croft or similar small agri-business that is located in the Highlands or the Islands of Scotland.
Only those businesses that qualify and are members of the Scottish Crofting Federation may place the mark on their products. The federation states on its website that it plans to enforce product quality, cleanliness, and traceability, as well as ensure animals are healthy and reasonably treated.

## Importance of crofting

Crofting has sustained rural communities in many areas in Western Europe. Crofting provides certain benefits to the local community.
Small-scale eco-friendly systems, as practiced by crofters, is an alternative to industrial agriculture.
Much of the UK's High Nature Value farming is found in the crofting areas. Extensive land management methods have created and preserved the habitats of rare species now threatened elsewhere in the UK, and continuing crofting land use is recognized as having an important role in maintaining and increasing biodiversity.

## Opposition to marine protected areas

The SCF opposes Highly Protected Marine Areas, a proposal from the Scottish government to create marine protected areas.

## Indigenous people

The SCF is currently involved in activities to encourage the UK government to recognize crofters as indigenous people of Scotland.
# Shinzō Hanabusa

Shinzō Hanabusa (英 伸三, Hanabusa Shinzō, born 1936) is a Japanese photographer. As a member of the Japanese Youth Delegation, he visited China during the Chinese-Japanese Youth Meeting in 1965.
# Chinwe Obaji

Chinwe Obaji is a higher education lecturer, teacher and education administrator who was appointed to head Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Education in June 2005 as Senior Minister, and was succeeded a year later by Obiageli Ezekwesili.

## Background

Chinwe Obaji was born in Ezinihitte-Mbaise in Imo State. She graduated from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1975. From 1980 she was a lecturer and administrator at Michael Okpara College of Agriculture, Umuagwo, Imo State in Nigeria.

## Ministerial position

Chinwe Obaji was the first female education Minister in Nigeria. As the Education Minister, she made efforts to resuscitate the Inspectorate Division of the Federal Ministry of Education. She started the one-meal-a-day project in some pilot primary schools across the country.
She directed that Universities should administer the Post University Matriculation Examination to candidate students in an effort by bypass the inefficiency of the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB). Notably, in support of her directive.
However, there was controversy over the fees charged by universities for the test. In an October 2005 meeting between the Federal Ministry of Education, the National Universities Commission (NUC) and Joint Admission and Matriculation Board, it was unanimously agreed to peg the test fee at N1,000. Answering questions in the House of Representative in November 2005, Chinwe Obaji said that any university that collected more than N1,000 from candidates seeking admission after the post JAMB screening had done so in violation of her directive. The House of Representations later cancelled the directive.
In April 2006, Chinwe Obaji detailed reforms to the design of the basic education system to ensure that every Nigerian child at least has access to basic education. The government set up a system of reprimanding parents who do not register their children for school, and started to recruit 40,000 teachers for rural communities. She stated that the Universal Basic Education (UBE) program aimed at enhancing "unhindered access to quality basic education to the children, especially to the girl-child".

## Subsequent positions

Dr Chinwe Obaji was appointed Professor of International Education at the Voorhees College in the USA starting in 2007.
# Alan I. Green

Alan Ivan Green (November 7, 1943 – November 26, 2020) was an American psychiatrist. He was the Raymond Sobel Professor of Psychiatry at Geisel School of Medicine and longtime chairman of the school's psychiatry department.

## Biography

Green was born on November 7, 1943, in Norwalk, Connecticut, to Dr. Howard and Irene Wouk Green. His mother was the sister of writer Herman Wouk and inventor Victor Wouk. He attended public schools and received his B.A. in history from Columbia University in 1965. He then received his medical degree from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, working in the lab of Solomon H. Snyder. While in medical school, Green took a summer course at University of San Francisco, where he studied patients impaired by substance abuse, kindling his interest in studying substance abuse and chronic mental illness.
Green completed his internship at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston and subsequently entered the United States Public Health Service as a staff associate at the National Institute for Mental Health and a personal assistant to Jerome Jaffe, President Richard Nixon's drug Czar. After two years, he began his residency at Massachusetts Mental Health Center, but was beset by an illness caused by a cytomegalic virus that left him bedridden for seven years. He completed his residency after his recovery.
Under the guidance of Drs. Carl Salzman and Joseph J. Schildkraut, Green commenced his career in psychiatric research. His research focused on the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, especially with clozapine. Green's research suggested that clozapine could limit alcohol and other substance use in patients with schizophrenia. He was an associate professor at Harvard Medical School, directing its Commonwealth Research Center based in the Massachusetts Mental Health Center.
Green became chairman and Raymond Sobel Professor of Psychiatry at Dartmouth Medical School in 2002, and served in this position for the next 18 years.
Green was a fellow of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

## Personal life

Green married Frances Cohen, a Columbia-trained lawyer, in 1983. He died on November 26, 2020.
# Shangyi Town

Shangyi Town may refer to these towns in China:
* Shangyi, Guangdong, in Zijin County, Guangdong
* Shangyi, Sichuan, in Meishan, Sichuan
# Kepler-46

Kepler-46, previously designated KOI-872, is a star located in the constellation Lyra. Observed since 2009 by the Kepler space observatory, it has since been found to possess a planetary system consisting of at least three planets and while it has a similar mass to the Sun (90%) it is significantly older at ten billion years.
Kepler-46 b (previously KOI-872.01), was the first planet discovered in the system. It was found through detailed analysis of Kepler space observatory data. An additional planet, Kepler-46 c, was discovered by an outside group using Kepler public data through analysis of transit timing variations. While only one additional planet was confirmed by the analysis, the study revealed the potential existence of an unconfirmed planet KOI-872.03 (KOI-872 d). Validation by the multiplicity method confirmed the existence of this planet which was then renamed Kepler-46d.

## Planetary system

Planet b is a gas giant planet with a mass slightly less than that of Jupiter. The second planet in the system was among the first to be discovered through the method of transit timing variations, and through its confirmation of KOI-872 c with a 99% confidence level has shown that the method of detection may be used to detect future extrasolar planets and, possibly, extrasolar moons. This second planet exerted a gravitational force on the first planet, orbiting its host star in just 34 days. While this usually occurs on an extremely regular schedule, additional planets within the system can disrupt the time of the transit, and these disruptions can indicate the presence of a planet, even if the disrupting planet does not pass in front of the host star itself.
The data show that Kepler-46 c is an approximately Saturn-mass object with an orbital period of 57 days. As the planet does not itself transit its host star, there is no way of knowing its size (probably a similar size to its sibling). The measurements also suggest the existence of another planet orbiting with a period of about 6.8 days, and this planet was confirmed in 2016.
The method in which the planet was detected is similar to the way that the planet Neptune was discovered, in which the newly discovered planet is detected by its pull on another which is already known to exist.
In 2021, it was found the orbital plane of Kepler-46b is slowly changing, likely under the gravitational influence of the additional giant planet.
The Kepler-46 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| d | 3.339 M$_🜨$ | 0.0679±0.0035 | 6.76671+0.00013 −0.00012 | 0(assumed) | 88.55+0.49 −0.69° | 0.1510+0.0094 −0.0098 R$_J$ |
| b | 0.885+0.374 −0.343 M$_J$ | 0.1971±0.0001 | 33.648+0.004 −0.005 | 0.0321+0.0069 −0.0078 | 89.04±0.14° | 0.810+0.035 −0.36 R$_J$ |
| c | 0.362±0.016 M$_J$ | 0.2811±0.0003 | 57.325+0.116 −0.098 | 0.0354+0.0057 −0.0059 | 88.66+0.26 −0.27° | — |
# Laura Grimaldi

Laura Grimaldi (1928 – 3 July 2012) was an Italian writer, journalist and translator from English.

## Life

Grimaldi was born in Rufina near Florence in 1928. Her family soon moved to Milan where she resided for most of her life. She has two sons, Carlo and Gabriele, and is also the grandmother of Oliver Grimaldi.
She became known for her translations of notable authors writing in English. The hundreds of books she translated included works by Ray Bradbury, Raymond Chandler, Agatha Christie, Philip K. Dick, Ernest Hemingway and Ellery Queen.
Grimaldi wrote crime novels and her publisher called her the "Queen of Crime" citing her work in the 1950s. Her novels include Suspicion. Her stories are set in Milan. She received the Prix du Polar Européen in 2003 by her work La Colpa. She was a director of the company Interno Giallo. In the year 2000, she was interviewed about her life and her work in the show 'La Signora in Nero (The Lady in Black)'
Grimaldi died in Milan in 2012.
# Campodea pusilla

Campodea pusilla is a species of two-pronged bristletail in the family Campodeidae.