OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander von Winiwarter

Alexander von Winiwarter (22 April 1848 – 31 October 1917) was an Austrian-Belgian surgeon who was a native of Vienna. He was the brother of physician Felix von Winiwarter (1852-1931).
Alexander Winiwarter obtained his medical doctorate in 1870 at the University of Vienna, and worked as a surgical assistant at the Vienna University Clinic under Theodor Billroth, a pioneer in the field of modern surgical practices. Later, he became head of the surgical department at the Kronprinz-Rudolf-Kinderspitals (Crown Prince Rudolf Children's Hospital), and in 1878 relocated to Belgium, where he became a professor of surgery at the University of Liège. Subsequently, he acquired Belgian citizenship.
In the latter part of the 19th century, Winiwarter introduced specialized massage and compression procedures to treat lymphedema, a disease that causes swollen arms and legs due to fluid retention in the lymphatic system. In 1932, Danish physiotherapist Emil Vodder refined and improved Winiwarter's technique to treat lymphedema. Vodder's treatment was to become known as manual lymphatic drainage.

## Selected writings

* Untersuchungen über die Gehörschnecke der Säugethiere (Studies on the cochlea in mammals), 1870.
* Zur pathologischen Anatomie der Leber (On the pathological anatomy of the liver), 1872.
* Das maligne Lymphom und das Lymphosarkom (Malignant lymphoma and lymphosarcoma) in Langenbeck's Archive, 1874.
* Beiträge zur Statistik der Carcinome (Contributions involving statistics of carcinoma), 1878.
* Zur Chirurgie der Gallenwege (On the surgery of bile ducts), Commemorative publication in honor of Billroth, 1892.
* Die chirurgischen Krankheiten der Haut und des Unterhautzellgewebes (Surgical diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue), 1893.
* Die Lehre von den chirurgischen Operationen und den chirurgischen Verbänden, 1895
# Fokus (Luxembourg)

The Fokus (lit. 'Focus') is a Luxembourgish political party founded on 21 February 2022. Founding members are the former CSV president Frank Engel, the former Democratic Party general secretary Marc Ruppert, the former president of the trade confederation and DP member Gary Kneip and the lawyer and Green municipal councilor from Esch-Uelzecht, Luc Majerus.
According to its own statements, Fokus is a "pragmatic party without a fixed ideology, located in the center of the political spectrum". Engel is the party's leading candidate in the 2023 general election.

## Election results
### Chamber of Deputies

| Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 2023 | 93,839 | 2.49 (#8) | 0 / 60 | New | Extra-parliamentary |

### European Parliament

| Election | List leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
| 2024 | Frank Engel | 22,222 | 1.60 (#8) | 0 / 6 | New | – |
# Guinea at the 2008 Summer Paralympics

Guinea sent a single athlete, Ahmed Barry, to compete at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, People's Republic of China. He entered the men's 200 m T46 as his only event, but was a non-starter.

## Athletics
### Men's track

| Athlete | Class | Event | Heats | Heats | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Class | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ahmed Barry | T46 | 200m | DNS | DNS | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Gustave Huberti

Gustave Huberti (14 April 1843 in Brussels – 28 June 1910 in Schaerbeek) was a Flemish composer. He studied at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels where he won prizes for piano, organ, harmony and chamber music in 1858. He won the prestigious Belgian Prix de Rome in 1865 with this cantata La fille de Jephté, which allowed him to travel through Italy and Germany for three years. During his career, he worked as a composer, a music critic, a teacher, an inspector of music education of the state schools of Antwerp, and as a director. He led the musical academies of Mons and Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, and taught harmony at the Brussels Conservatory. He also directed the Grisar-choir and was part of the musical organisation of the World's Fair of 1885.
Around the year 1876, Huberti became principal conductor at the Grand Théâtre in Ghent and was appointed as professor of harmony and counterpoint at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp. In 1884 he was made director of the Ghent Opera.
Despite his Walloon roots, Huberti was a supporter of Peter Benoit and the Flemish school. His oeuvre contains oratoria, songs, choir works, piano music, and compositions aimed at children. Huberti was a big admirer of Robert Schumann, Hector Berlioz, and especially Richard Wagner.
# Alexander MacGowan

Alexander MacGowan may refer to:
* Alexander Henry Boswall MacGowan (1850–1927), businessman and political figure in British Columbia
* Alexander Gault MacGowan (1894–1970), war correspondent during World War II
# Alexander MacDonnell

Alexander MacDonnell may refer to:
* Sir Alexander Macdonnell (died 1634), of the Macdonnell baronets of Maye
* Sir Alexander Macdonnell, 1st Baronet (1794–1875), of the Macdonnell baronets of Kilsharvan
* Alexander MacDonnell, 3rd Earl of Antrim (1615–1699)
* Alastair Ruadh MacDonnell (c. 1725–1761), also called Alexander
* Alexander Macdonell (bishop of Kingston) (1762–1840), first Roman Catholic bishop of Kingston, Upper Canada
# Guerendiáin

Guerendiáin is a locality and council located in the municipality of Noáin, in Navarre province, Spain. As of 2020, it had a population of 24.

## Geography

Guerendiáin is located 18km south-southeast of Pamplona.
# Alfred Budge House

The Alfred Budge House, in Paris, Idaho, located at N. 1st, West at W. 1st, North, is a historic house that was built in 1880. It was renovated to include Second Empire styling, including a mansard roof, at a later date. The house has a complex design with three major sections and multiple smaller ones; while the mansard roof tops the main section, the house has eight roof components in total. It is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places; the listing included six contributing buildings.
It is significant in part as the home of prominent Idahoan Alfred Budge. Budge served as a justice of the Idaho Supreme Court. The house is one of four Paris residences related to the Budge family which are listed on the National Register.
# Alfred Budge

Alfred Budge (February 24, 1868 – January 25, 1951) was a justice of the Idaho Supreme Court from 1914 to 1948, including several terms as chief justice.

## Early life, education, and career

Born in Providence, Utah, to William Budge and Eliza (Pritchert) Budge, the family moved to Paris, Idaho, when Budge was very young. He was raised on the home ranch of his father, who became a prominent figure in Idaho politics. Budge had limited opportunities for schooling, attending four or six months each year the common schools of Bear Lake county, and at the age of fifteen became a student in the Brigham Young Academy in Provo, Utah, where he spent three years. He was then sent on a mission to Geneva, Switzerland, where he "learned to speak German fluently", and "walked across Switzerland, preaching as he went, and continued walking into Germany". After three years in Germany, he was arrested in Nuremberg and convicted of "preaching a faith hostile to the government"; while his appeal was pending before the supreme court at Munich, he learned that the conviction was likely to be upheld, and he "he quietly left the country and reentered Switzerland".
His experience in Germany having stimulated an interest in the law, Budge returned to the United States and attended the University of Michigan Law School, from which he graduated in 1892. In July of that year, he opened an office at Paris, Idaho, and within two years "had acquired a substantial and profitable practice". While residing at Paris, he served as member of the city council, was city attorney, and a school trustee, and was substantially connected with the business affairs of the community. In 1894 he was elected district attorney of the fifth judicial district, then comprising, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Fremont, Lemhi, and Oneida counties, and in November, 1898, he was elected prosecuting attorney for Bear Lake county, an office which he filled for two years.

## Judicial career

A lifelong Republican, in 1902 he was elected as a candidate for that party to a seat as a judge on the fifth judicial district of Idaho, defeating the incumbent Democrat and moving to Pocatello, Idaho, to carry out the office. He was thereafter reelected to a second term on the fifth judicial district, serving a total of 12 years as a district court judge. Budge was "a close personal friend and business partner of former Gov. Frank Steunenberg and was with Steunenberg at Richman, Utah, on the night before an assassin's bomb killed him December 30, 1905".
On November 28, 1914, Governor John Haynes appointed Budge to a seat on the state supreme court. Budge was thereafter repeatedly reelected, serving for 34 years before retiring on December 30, 1948, due to a back injury. Over the course of his career, Budge authored nearly 1,800 opinions.

## Personal life and death

On July 5, 1894, in Logan, Utah, he married Ella Hoge, of Paris, Idaho, daughter of Walter and Amelia Hoge. In 1850, Ella was named Idaho's mother of the year. They had eight children, including congressman Hamer H. Budge.
Budge died in Boise at the age of 82.
# Guilherme Oliveira

Guilherme Oliveira may refer to:
* Guilherme Oliveira (footballer) (born 1995), Portuguese footballer
* Guilherme Oliveira (racing driver) (born 2005), Portuguese racing driver
* Gui Oliveira (born 1985), Brazilian handball player
# Benoit Dunoyer de Segonzac

Benoit Dunoyer de Segonzac (born 1962) is a virtuoso double bass player who performed with Jacques Loussier and Andre Arpino playing renditions by Johann Sebastian Bach / Eric Satie.
A cousin of the painter André Dunoyer de Segonzac, he was born in Strasbourg, where he began to study music at the age of five at the Strasbourg Conservatoire. He completed his professional training on the contrabass at the age of twenty under Vincent Pasquier of the Orchestre de Paris and Jean Marc Rollez, soloist with the Paris Opera.
Dunoyer de Segonzac and the drummer Andre Arpino—have tackled some of today’s most widely heard and popular Baroque classics. Their goal is to play the piece in a manner that updates the sound while remaining true to the spirit of each piece.
The repetitive structure of the Pachelbel allows Loussier and his virtuosic bass player, de Segonzac, to trade the melody and bass lines in a delicious interplay of sounds and ideas. In the Albinoni, similarly constructed with a repetitive harmonic framework, Arpino provides a lively beat in the central section that tempts Loussier to some sassy improvisation.
# Gyetsa

Gyetsa is a town in Bumthang District in central Bhutan.
# Gyeryongsan (South Gyeongsang Province)

Gyeryongsan is a mountain located in Geoje, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It has an elevation of 566 m (1,857 ft).
# Robert Black (American football)

Robert Black is a former American football player and coach and current associate vice president for athletics for the Sewanee Tigers. He served as head football coach of Sewanee: The University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee from 2007 and 2010, compiling a record of 4–34. He previously served as the defensive coordinator at Sewanee in addition to coaching at TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas and the Montgomery Bell Academy. Black was as Sewanee's 29th head football coach.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Sewanee Tigers (Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference) (2007–2010) |||||
| 2007 | Sewanee | 1–8 | 0–7 | 8th |
| 2008 | Sewanee | 2–8 | 1–6 | 7th |
| 2009 | Sewanee | 0–9 | 0–6 | 7th |
| 2010 | Sewanee | 1–9 | 0–6 | 7th |
| Sewanee: | Sewanee: | 4–34 | 1–25 | |
| Total: | Total: | 4–34 | | |
# Robert Erskine (politician)

Robert Hamilton Erskine (25 June 1905 – 18 September 1982) was an Australian politician.
He was born at Merewether to tram driver Richard Hamilton Erskine and Anne Bland Craig. His family moved to Newtown in 1912, where he was educated. From 1917 he was a milkman's assistant and subsequently a commercial traveller's buggy boy, eventually becoming a textile worker. On 11 June 1932 he married Mary Ferry, with whom he had two daughters. He was active in the Australian Textile Workers' Union, serving on the management committee from 1928 and as secretary and treasurer from 1941 to 1962. From 1947 to 1962 he was federal president of the union, and from 1962 to 1972 federal secretary and treasurer. From 1949 to 1973 he was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. Erskine died at Earlwood in 1982.
# Bengbu Airport

Bengbu Airport (IATA: BFU, ICAO: ZSBB) is a dual-use (military and civil) airport in Bengbu, Anhui Province, China.

## History

Originally, the Bengbu Airport was located very close to Bengbu's urban area (32°56′N 117°22′E﻿ / ﻿32.933°N 117.367°E﻿ / 32.933; 117.367). As the city grew, this created an unacceptable situation both for the city's development and for the flight safety. By 1995, the city government decided to try to have the airport relocated. After some years of negotiation, an agreement was reached between the Anhui provincial government and the Nanjing Military Region to construct a new airport elsewhere and to release the old airport site for city development.
In 1997, land acquisition for the new airport started, and in May 1998, 4030 mu (2.69 square km) of land near Renheji (仁和集) village in Qinji Township (秦集乡) was dedicated for the new airport. The site is within 8 km straight-line distance from downtown Bengbu, or 11 km by road.
In August 2002, the new airport was opened for military use. Provisions for future civilian use are made as well, but construction on the civilian-use facilities is yet to start.
# Fluidized bed (disambiguation)

Articles on Fluidized bed include:
* Fluidized bed
* Fluidized bed combustion
* Fluidized bed dryer
* Fluidized bed reactor
* Coffee roasting using a fluidized bed
# Fluidity

Fluidity may refer to:

## In science

* Reciprocal of viscosity
* Cognitive fluidity
* Fluid intelligence
* Membrane fluidity
* Sexual fluidity

## Other

* Fluidity (video game)
# Benjamin Arthur (actor)

Benjamin Arthur is the stage name of Benjamin Arthur Gutknecht, a Canadian actor from Kitimat, British Columbia. He is most noted for his regular role as Josh Blecher in the television comedy series Less Than Kind, for which he won the Gemini Award for Individual Performance in a Comedy Program or Series at the 25th Gemini Awards in 2010.
He was previously nominated in the same category at the 24th Gemini Awards in 2009.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2003 | Gordon | Steve | |
| 2005 | Darkest Hour | Dreighton Sawyer | |
| 2008 | That One Night | Chauncey | |
| 2010 | Switch | Gray Kinsman | |
| 2012 | American Reunion | Chester | |
| 2012 | Hang Loose | Ben | Also writer |
| 2012 | The Movie Out Here | Mick | |
| 2012 | Charlie | Tyson | |
| 2015 | The Steps | David | |
| 2016 | Blood Hunters | Henry | |
| 2021 | Last Survivors | Andy | |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2006 | Whistler | Employee | Episode: "Out of the Shadows" |
| 2006 | My Silent Partner | Young Man | Television film |
| 2006, 2007 | The L Word | Hip Guy / 70's Faggot #2 | 2 episodes |
| 2008–2013 | Less Than Kind | Josh Blecher | 41 episodes |
| 2009 | Something Evil Comes | Jordan | Television film |
| 2014 | Saving Hope | Seth Rollins | Episode: "Wide Awake" |
| 2014 | Working the Engels | Jimmy Engel | 12 episodes |
| 2017 | FANatic | Hunter Clay / Kal | Television film |
| 2018 | The Mick | Doug | Episode: "The Night Off" |
| 2018 | Superstore | Kent | Episode: "Managers' Conference" |
| 2022 | Young Rock | Jake 'The Snake' | 2 episodes |
# Bernardino Galliari

Bernardino Galliari (1707–1794) was an Italian painter, active mainly as a scenic designer and decorator of theaters.

## Biography

He was born at Andorno in the Province of Biella in the Piedmont. He painted an Adoration of the Shepherds by him in the Brera at Milan.
In addition from learning from family members, he is said to have learned to paint quadratura with Giovanni Battista Crosato. He was sought after not only in Italy but also in Germany and France. Bernardino was the first son of Giovanni. He was born into a large family of artists:
* Giovanni Galliari d’ Andorno-Cacciorna, painter.
* Fabrizio Galliari (1709-1790), second son of Giovanni, quadraturista. He painted in many churches and palaces. He painted the cupola of the Cathedral of Vercelli. In 1778, he became professor at the Albertina Academy.
* Gian Antonio Galliari (1718-1783), third son of Giovanni, still-life painter of flowers. Born in Andorno, died in Milan.
* Giovannino Galliari, son of Fabrizio, quadraturista, travelled to Paris and Berlin, painted the duomo at Biella, and a salon in the Turin Academy of Sciences, died in 1819 in Treviglio.
* Giuseppino Galliari, son of Fabrizio, Mannerist figure painter, scenographer, died in 1817 at Milan.
* Gaspare Galliari was the son of Gian Antonio.
# Bernardino Halbherr

Bernardino Halbherr (21 July 1844, Rovereto – 31 March 1934, Rovereto) was an Italian entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera and Heteroptera.
Halbherr was an accountant. He worked closely with two other Rovereto naturalists Giovanni Cobelli and Ruggero Cobelli. His collection is in the Museo Civico Rovereto.
# Gutweed

Gutweed may refer to:
* Ulva intestinalis, a seaweed
* Sonchus arvensis, a terrestrial plant
# Gutwein

Gutwein is a surname of German origin literally meaning "good wine". Notable people with the surname include:
* Douglas Gutwein, American politician
* Peter Gutwein (born 1964), Australian politician
# Gutulisjøen

Gutulisjøen is a lake in Engerdal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2.2-square-kilometre (0.85 sq mi) lake lies along the southwestern border of the Gutulia National Park, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of the village of Drevsjø.
# Alexander Vasiliev (priest)

Father Alexander Pavlovich Vasiliev (1894 in Yekaterinoslav, Russian Empire – 1944? in USSR) was an Orthodox (later the Greek-Catholic) priest.

## Biography

He was born in 1894 in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnipro, Ukraine) in a family of an Orthodox priest. He graduated from high school in Mariupol and after, attended Moscow Theological Academy. On 1 October 1927 he was ordained priest by Orthodox Bishop Bartholomew Remov. Vasiliev served as rector of the Church of Saint Nikita the Martyr in Krylatskoye under Moscow. On 25 December 1928 was secretly attached to the Catholic Church by Bishop Pius Neve. On February 15, 1931, he was arrested in Moscow in the case of Sergei Solovyov and was accused of espionage and counterrevolutionary literature. As a condition for the withdrawal of charges, suggesting a return to Orthodoxy, from which Father Alexander refused. On 18 August 1931 he was sentenced to 10 years in labor camps. Father Vasiliev in 1934 was transferred to a camp in the Chita region, which already has a group of "Stakhanovite" to be able to financially support his wife and daughters. The exact date and place of death is unknown, died no later than 1944.
# Alfred Marten

Sir Alfred George Marten, QC (8 November 1829 – 22 June 1910, in St Leonards-on-Sea) was an English politician and barrister. He was Member of Parliament for Cambridge, between 1874 and 1880, as a member of the Conservative Party. In 1896, he was appointed a County Court Judge.

## Life

Alfred George Marten was born in 1829 into a non-conformist family, the third son of Robert Giles Marten of Plaistow, Essex. His father's and grandfather's business was in shipbroking and insurance in the city of London. However, both his father and grandfather died in 1839. Alfred went to Mill Hill School and then on to St John's College Cambridge. He qualified as a barrister at the Inner Temple and became a fellow of St John's in 1870.
He married Patricia Barrington Kennett, dau. of Capt. Vincent Frederick Kennett, in 1869. His children included Sir Amberson Barrington Marten and Sir Clarence Henry Kennett Marten.
He died in St Leonards-on-Sea in 1910, aged 80.
# Robert Wade

Robert Wade may refer to:
* Robert Wade (born 1962), half of the British screenwriting duo Neal Purvis and Robert Wade
* Robert Wade (chess player) (1921–2008), New Zealand and British chess player
* Robert Wade (cricketer) (born 1968), English cricketer
* Robert Wade (scholar) (born 1944), New Zealand development scholar
* Robert Wade (surgeon) (1798–1872), British surgeon
* Robert Wade (watercolour artist) (1930–2024), Australian artist
* Robert E. Wade (1933–2023), Canadian politician
* Robert F. Wade (20th century), Knights of Columbus executive
# Alfredo, Alfredo

Alfredo, Alfredo is a 1972 Italian award-winning comedy film co-written and directed by Pietro Germi.

## Plot

The film, told mostly in flashback, tells the story of a timid bank clerk living in Ascoli Piceno, Italy, who finds himself swept into dating and marrying a possessive woman, the stress he endures as her behavior in their marriage becomes increasingly domineering, and the obstacles he faces in leaving her for a more amenable woman, in a time when divorce was still illegal in Italy.

## Cast

* Dustin Hoffman (dubbed by Ferruccio Amendola): Alfredo Sbisà
* Stefania Sandrelli (dubbed by Manuela Andrei): Maria Rosa Cavarani
* Carla Gravina: Carolina Bettini
* Duilio Del Prete: Oreste
* Saro Urzì: Father of Mariarosa
* Emanuela Fallini [it]:the shaman
* Danika La Loggia [it]: Mother of Maria Rosa
* Clara Colosimo: Mother of Carolina
* Gino Baghetti [it]: Father of Alfredo
* Vittorio Duse (dubbed by Sergio Graziani): judge
* Mario Frera [it] (dubbed by Michele Gammino): assistant of the judge
* Renzo Marignano: doctor

## Production

The film was completely shot in Ascoli Piceno, Italy.

## Awards

* Golden Globe nominee: Best Foreign Language Film
* David di Donatello: Best Film
* U.S. National Board of Review nominee: Best Foreign Language Film
# Arnd Klawitter

Arnd Klawitter (born 26 July 1968) is a German stage, movie and television actor.

## Career

After his studies at Otto Falckenberg School of the Performing Arts in Munich, Arnd Klawitter joined the ensemble of the Munich Kammerspiele in 1994 for a year. From 1995 until 2001 he was engaged at Staatstheater Stuttgart, where he mostly played the leading man, e. g. Andri in Max Frisch's Andorra. Since 2001 he has worked as a freelance artist. As guest he has worked at important theatres like the Schauspielhaus Zürich and Bavarian Staatsschauspiel in Munich. During the RuhrTriennale 2007 he appeared in the first night of Juli Zeh's Corpus delicti. Since leaving acting school he has also worked for both TV and cinema frequently.
He appeared next to Franka Potente in After Five in the Forest Primeval (1995), and in the 1997 remake of Es geschah am hellichten Tag (It Happened in Broad Daylight). In 2000 he played with Matthew McConaughey and Jon Bon Jovi in the movie U-571 as the German Hydrophone Operator. He also appeared in the German movie Hitler Cantata [de] in 2005. While in international productions he has only been cast in supporting roles, in his German films he has played leading characters, too. Klawitter is often chosen to play in historical films because of his slightly old fashioned appearance that can be compared to that of Ralph Fiennes.
On television he is frequently cast in crime series like the famous Tatort-series (Scene of the Crime) where he has appeared in three episodes so far, or - recently - Der Bulle von Tölz. His most successful production so far was the leading role in the acclaimed German TV miniseries Der Laden [de] (The Shop), where he played next to Adolf-Grimme-Preis-winner Martin Benrath. In 2007 he appeared in GG 19 – Eine Reise durch Deutschland in 19 Artikeln [de], a film inspired by and called after the German constitution (Grundgesetz).
He lives in Berlin with his partner, actress Julika Jenkins.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | A Coffee in Berlin | | |
| 2015 | The Nightmare | | |