OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mass (disambiguation)

Mass is the quantity of matter in a physical body and a measure of the body's inertia.
Mass or Maß may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Music

* Mass (music), a choral composition that sets liturgical text to music
* Mass (Stravinsky), a composition by Igor Stravinsky
* Mass (Bernstein), a musical theater work by Leonard Bernstein
* Mass (English band), a post-punk band
* Mass (Grotus album), 1996
* Mass (Alastair Galbraith album), 2011
* Mass (The Gazette album), 2021
* The Mass (album), by musical project Era

### Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

* Mass (2004 film), Indian Telugu-language film
* Mass, Hindi title of the 2015 Indian Tamil-language film Massu Engira Masilamani
* Mass (2021 film), American drama film
* Mass (novel), a 1973 novel by Filipino author F. Sionil José
* Mass media, communication channels which can reach huge numbers of people
* The Masses, a socialist magazine published in the US from 1911 to 1917

## Military

* MASS (decoy system), a naval defence system
* M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System (or MASS), a developmental shotgun for the M16 rifle/M4 carbine family of guns
* MASS, Marine Air Support Squadrons within the United States Marine Corps

## People with the name

* Mass (surname)
* Peter Harris (producer), an electronic musician who uses the alias Mass
* Mass Sarr, Jr. (born 1973), a Liberian former footballer

## Places

* Mass City, Michigan, also known as Mass, an unincorporated community in the United States
* Maß (Lauer) (pronounced "mass"), a river of Bavaria, Germany, left tributary of the Lauer
* Massachusetts (abbreviated Mass or MA), a U.S. state in New England
* Massachusetts Bay (abbreviated Mass Bay), a bay off the U.S. state of the same name

## Religion

* Mass (liturgy), an act of worship in some Christian churches
* Mass in the Catholic Church, the main act of worship of the Catholic Church

## Society

* Mass Party, a political party in Thailand (2006–2009?)
* Mass society, a society based on relations between huge numbers of people, whose prototypical denizen is the "mass man"
* Mass politics, politics in the mass society, featuring especially the modern political party

## Other uses

* Mass (mass spectrometry), a chemical analysis technique
* Autonomous cargo ship, also known as a Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS)
* BrightBus, a former British vehicle body manufacturer and school bus operator that previously traded as MASS Engineering
* Maß (pronounced "mass"), a German word describing the amount of beer in a regulation mug, also used for the mug itself
* Manab Adhikar Sangram Samiti, a human rights NGO in Assam (India)
* Marc and Eva Stern Math and Science School (Stern MASS)
* Tumor, or mass, a neoplasm that is enlarged
* Mass (object), a high-density object
# Black Pullet

The Black Pullet (original French: La poule noire) also known in French as "la poule aux œufs d'or" (the hen that lays golden eggs) is a grimoire that proposes to teach the "science of magical talismans and rings", including the art of necromancy and Kabbalah. It is believed to have been written in the 18th century by an anonymous French officer who served in Napoleon's army. The text takes the form of a narrative centering on the French officer during the Egyptian expedition led by Napoleon (referred to here as the "genius") when his unit is suddenly attacked by Arab soldiers (Bedouins). The French officer manages to escape the attack, but is the only survivor. An old Turkish man appears suddenly from the pyramids and takes the French officer into a secret apartment within one of the pyramids. He nurses him back to health whilst sharing with him the magical teachings from ancient manuscripts that escaped the "burning of Ptolemy's library".
The book contains instructions on the creation of magical properties such as talismanic rings and amulets, and on how to master their extraordinary powers. Perhaps the most interesting magical property claimed in the book is the Black Pullet, otherwise known as the Hen that lays Golden Eggs. The grimoire claims that the person who understands and attains the power to instruct the Black Pullet will gain unlimited wealth. The notion of such a lucrative possession has been reflected throughout history in fables, fairy tales and folklore.
This text has often been associated to two other texts, known as the Red Dragon (or The Grand Grimoire) and the Black Screech Owl. The latter is also confusingly known as The Black Pullet or Treasure of the Old Man of the Pyramids, and is in fact an alternate printing of the original Black Pullet with only slight changes. All three grimoires claim to possess the science of ancient magic.
# Congo in Four Acts

Congo in Four Acts is a 2010 documentary film.

## Synopsis

Initiated as an educational project to help young filmmakers develop their craft, Congo in Four Acts is a quartet of short films. "Ladies in Waiting (Dames en attente)" chronicles the bureaucratic dysfunctions of a maternity ward from which women cannot leave unless they pay their fees. "Symphony Kinshasa" takes the viewer on a tour through Congo's capital city where malaria is rife, electricity cables lie in the street and garbage is everywhere. "Zero Tolerance" deals with rape as a weapon of war in Eastern RDC and the attempts by authorities to re-establish the national moral code. "After the Mine" depicts life in Kipushi, a mining town where the soil is contaminated.

## Production

The film was co-directed by Dieudo Hamadi, Kiripi Katembo and Divita Wa Lusala.

## Awards

* Cinéma du Réel 2010
* Africa Movie Academy Awards 2011
* The Pierre And Yolande Perrault Grant at Cinema Du Reel (“Ladies In Waiting”)
* The Grand Prix - One World Kyrgyzstan International Film Festival 2011
# Dale Appleby

Dale Appleby (born 19 December 1986) is a Welsh former road racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 2006 and 2016. He represented Wales in the 2006 Commonwealth Games. In 2006 he rode for Recycling.co.uk and in 2007 he rode for the Italian V.C. Seano One Team. In 2010 he was with Team Raleigh and won the Welsh Road Race Championship.
Appleby joined the new NFTO squad for the 2014 season.

## Major results
### 2005

    1st Mountains classification Tour of South
    3rd Legstretchers Memorial to Betty Pharoah
    4th Road race, Welsh National Road Championships
    4th Overall P&O Irish Sea International Tour of North RR

### 2006

    1st Road race, Welsh National Road Championships
    British National Road Championships
       3rd Time trial
       4th Road race
    3rd Perfs Pedal road race

### 2007

    5th Cerbaia di Lamporecchion

### 2008

    3rd Overall Bikeline 2 Day

### 2010

    1st Road race, Welsh National Road Championships

### 2011

    10th Ryedale Grand Prix

### 2012

    5th Severn Bridge Road Race

### 2013

    3rd Circuit d'Alger
    6th Overall Tour d'Algérie

### 2014

    7th National Circuit Race Championships

### 2015

    5th National Circuit Race Championships
    6th Hitter Road Race
    8th Overall Totnes-Vire Stage Race
    8th Stafford Kermesse
    9th Otley Grand Prix
    10th Stafford GP
    10th Ryedale Grand Prix

### 2016

    1st Severn Bridge Road Race
    1st Scorpion CS Road Race
    2nd Chorley Grand Prix
# Lu Feifei

Lu Feifei (born 10 November 1995) is a Chinese footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. She has been a member of the China women's national team.
# Coulport (village)

Coulport (Scottish Gaelic: An Cùl Phort - literally the Back Port or Ferry) is a village on the east side of Loch Long and the west side of the Rosneath Peninsula, in Argyll and Bute, west of Scotland.
It is 5 miles (8 km) north-north-west of Cove. It marks the end of the B833 shore road, although the village can also be reached by a high-quality but unclassified access road (primarily designed for naval traffic) directly from Garelochhead. The village looks across to the small settlement of Ardentinny on the west shore to which, in the 18th/19th century, there was a ferry.
John Kibble, the son of a Glasgow metal merchant, was one of several wealthy Glasgow merchants who had large villas built at Coulport in the nineteenth century either as permanent residences or summer retreats. Several still survive, some now flatted, others in a dilapidated condition. Kibble's Coulport House was the original location of the giant conservatory known as the Kibble Palace (now in Glasgow's Botanic Garden).
Since the 1960s Coulport has been most associated with the Trident missile storage and the nearby Royal Naval Armaments Depot (RNAD Coulport) situated there as part of HMNB Clyde.
# Place du Colonel Fabien

The Place du Colonel Fabien (English: Colonel Fabien Square) is a square in Paris, France.
Before the liberation of Paris, the square was called the Place du Combat ('Combat Square'), but it was renamed in honour of the French communist resistance hero Pierre Georges, whose nom de guerre was Colonel Fabien.
The headquarters of the French Communist Party, designed by the Brazilian communist and utilitarian architect Oscar Niemeyer, is located here, as is a station of the Paris Métro. Nearby is the former location of the medieval Gibbet of Montfaucon, a multi-tiered gibbet that was for most of its history outside the city walls of Paris.
# Five Roads to Freedom: From Apartheid to the World Cup

Five Roads to Freedom: From Apartheid to the World Cup is a 2010 documentary film co-directed by Robin Benger and Jane Thandi Lipman that looks at South Africa's revolutionary transformation through the eyes of five men and women who lived under the shadow of apartheid.
The documentary focuses on five individuals from across the social and political spectrum: ordinary people whose experiences are representative of the profound changes of the past 15 years and whose lives in 2010 reflect both the promise and the ambiguities of today's South Africa.
Five Roads to Freedom is a deeply personal project for filmmaker Robin Benger. As a South African student leader in the late 1960s and early 1970s, he was arrested three times for anti-apartheid activities, and ultimately expelled from the country. The film is produced by Ian Ayres, Robin Benger, Eric Ellena, Jane Thandi Lipman, Joseph Oesi and Christopher Sumpton.
# Eustratie Dabija

Eustratie (or Istrate) "the Drunk" Dabija (? – 11 September 1665) was Prince (Voivode) of Moldavia between 1661 and his death in September 1665.

## Rule

As financial collapse had marked the history of Moldavia for several decades running, Dabija is noted for re-introducing the mint in Suceava from his first year of rule. Previous large-scale inflation and devaluation had made Moldavian currency undesirable, so the state had to resort to issuing counterfeit coinage, mainly Swedish and Livonian shillings and riksdalers. Produced with the assistance of Polish mintmaster Titus Livius Boratini, the imitations are, usually, of extremely poor quality. The only proper monetary issue of his rule are the şalăi (in sources that use Latin, they are referred to as solidi), the smallest coin on the market.
Eustratie Dabija assisted the Ottomans during two of their campaigns into Transdanubia against the Habsburgs, in 1663 and 1664.
He was the step-father of Anastasiya Dabizha.
He was the father of Maria Dabizha. Her family married her to a rising politician of the country, Iordache Rosetti, But Maria died in a few years after the wedding.
Mihai Eminescu's poem, Umbra lui Istrate Dabija - Voievod ("Prince Istrate Dabija's shadow"), presents the image of an inebriated and jovial leader ruling over an isolated and bucolic country.
# Li Qingtong

Li Qingtong is a Chinese professional football player who plays for Meizhou Hakka. She studied at the Guangzhou Sport University.
# Kurt Landers

Kurt Landers is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played for Penrith and St. George in the NSWRL/ARL competition.

## Background

Landers is the son of former Penrith and Eastern Suburbs player Bob Landers.

## Playing career

A St. George junior, Landers made his first grade debut for the club in round 12 of the 1990 NSWRL season against North Sydney at Kogarah Oval, scoring a try in St. George's 18-12 victory. Landers made a total of seven appearances for the club over two seasons.
He signed with Penrith for the 1994 season, and appeared in the reserve grade team for the majority of the season, making his club debut late in the season, coming off the bench in round 19 against North Sydney at Penrith Stadium. It would be his solitary first appearance. He earnt selection on the wing in the opening round of the 1995 season, playing in the first two matches before returning for one final first grade appearance in round 16.
# 947

Year 947 (CMXLVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### By place
#### Europe

* Summer – A Hungarian army led by Grand Prince Taksony campaigns in Italy, heading southwards on the eastern shore of the peninsula. It besieges Larino and reaches Otranto, plundering Apulia for three months. Berengar of Ivrea negotiates a truce and offers them a massive tribute (for which he imposes a special tax).
* Winter – King Otto I cedes the Duchy of Bavaria to his brother Henry I. To secure his rule, Henry is married to Judith, a daughter of Arnulf I ("the Bad"), and appoints a series of counts palatine.

#### England

* Horsham, a market town on the upper reaches of the Aran River in West Sussex, is first mentioned in 'King Eadred's land charter' (see History of Horsham).

#### Arabian Empire

* August 19 – Abu Yazid, a Kharijite Berber leader who has led a rebellion against the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya, is defeated in the Hodna Mountains (modern-day Algeria). Caliph al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah sets about restoring the Fatimid dominion over North Africa.

#### China

* January 11 – Emperor Tai Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty invades the Later Jin (Five Dynasties), resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin. Khitan forces head southwards to the Yellow River, but must return to their base in present-day Beijing in May after Tai Zong dies of an illness.
* March 10 – The Later Han is founded by Liu Zhiyuan, the military governor (jiedushi) of Bingzhou. He declares himself emperor (formally called Gaozu) and establishes the capital in Bian, present-day Kaifeng.

### By topic
#### Literature

* Al-Masudi, an Arab historian and geographer, completes his large-scale work The Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems, a historical book about the beginning of the world, starting with Adam and Eve.

## Births

* Al-Qadir, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (d. 1031)
* Fujiwara no Koshi, Japanese empress (d. 979)
* Raja Raja Chola I, king of Chola Kingdom (d. 1014)

## Deaths

* January 12 – Sang Weihan, Chinese chief of staff (b. 898)
* January 27 – Zhang Yanze, Chinese general and governor
* January 28 – Jing Yanguang, Chinese general (b. 892)
* May 18 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 902)
* May 30 – Ma Xifan, king of Chu (Ten Kingdoms) (b. 899)
* June 21 – Zhang Li, official of the Liao Dynasty
* June 22 – Qian Hongzuo, king of Wuyue (b. 928)
* June 23
** Li Congyi, prince of Later Tang (b. 931)
** Wang, imperial consort of Later Tang
* August 19 – Abu Yazid, Kharijite Berber leader (b. 873)
* November 23 – Berthold, duke of Bavaria
* Ce Acatl Topiltzin, Toltec ruler (approximate date)
* Hugh of Arles, king of Italy and Lower Burgundy
* Jordi, bishop of Vic (Spain) (approximate date)
* Li Renda, Chinese warlord and governor
* Liu Xu, chancellor of Later Tang and Later Jin (b. 888)
* Thomais of Lesbos, Byzantine saint (b. ca. 909)
* Wulfgar, bishop of Lichfield (approximate date)
# Diāna Ņikitina

Diāna Ņikitina (born 9 December 2000) is a Latvian former figure skater. She is the 2017 Golden Bear of Zagreb champion, the 2018 Cup of Tyrol silver medalist, and the 2018 Latvian national champion. She competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, placing 26th.
Earlier in her career, Ņikitina placed within the top ten at two World Junior Championships and won silver in the team event at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.

## Early life

Diāna Ņikitina was born on 9 December 2000 in Riga, Latvia. She studied through distance education at Riga Secondary School No. 1.

## Career

Ņikitina competed internationally on the novice level in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons.
She moved up to the junior level in the 2014–15 season. Making her ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) debut, Ņikitina placed 11th in Japan in September 2014 and 5th in Croatia the following month. In March 2015, she competed at the World Junior Championships in Tallinn, Estonia, and qualified for the free skate by placing 13th in the short program. Her 10th place in the free lifted her to 10th overall.
During the 2015–16 JGP series, Ņikitina placed 12th in Latvia and 5th in Poland. She then collected three junior international medals – gold at the Volvo Open Cup, bronze at the Tallinn Trophy, and silver at the Toruń Cup. In February 2016, Ņikitina represented Latvia at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics in Hamar, Norway; she placed 5th in the individual event and won silver in the team event. In March, she finished 10th at the 2016 World Junior Championships in Debrecen, Hungary.

## Programs

| Season | Short program | Free skating |
| 2017–2018 | Soldier Of Love by Sade | Nocturne (from La califfa) by Ennio Morricone Trooping With Crows (from Romeo and Juliet) by Abel Korzeniowski |
| 2016–2017 | Lacrymosa by Evanescence choreo. by Svetlana Korol | Alice in Wonderland by Danny Elfman choreo. by Svetlana Korol |
| 2015–2016 | Les feuilles mortes by Joseph Kosma choreo. by Svetlana Korol | The Piano by Michael Nyman choreo. by Svetlana Korol |
| 2014–2015 | Les feuilles mortes by Joseph Kosma choreo. by Svetlana Korol | Cabaret by John Kander choreo. by Svetlana Korol |
| 2013–2014 | The Master and Margarita by Igor Kornelyuk | Cabaret by John Kander choreo. by Svetlana Korol |
| 2012–2013 | The Master and Margarita by Igor Kornelyuk | The Umbrellas of Cherbourg by Michel Legrand |

## Competitive highlights

CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
International :
| Event | 14–15 | 15–16 | 16–17 | 17–18 |
| Olympics | | | | 26th |
| Europeans | | | | 36th |
| CS Ondrej Nepela | | | | 10th |
| Cup of Tyrol | | | | 2nd |
| Golden Bear | | | | 1st |
| International: Junior |||||
| Junior Worlds | 10th | 10th | 30th | |
| Youth Olympics | | 5th | | |
| JGP Croatia | 5th | | | |
| JGP Czech Rep. | | | 7th | |
| JGP Germany | | | WD | |
| JGP Japan | 11th | | | |
| JGP Latvia | | 12th | | |
| JGP Poland | | 5th | | |
| Jégvirág Cup | 1st | | | |
| Tallinn Trophy | | 3rd | | |
| Toruń Cup | | 2nd | | |
| Volvo Open Cup | 1st | 1st | | |
| National |||||
| Latvian Champ. | 1st J | 1st J | | 1st |
| Team events |||||
| Youth Olympics | | 2nd T 2nd P | | |
# Spialia confusa

Spialia confusa, the confusing sandman, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in south-eastern Africa, from Zululand, Zimbabwe and Mozambique to Kenya.
The wingspan is 19–25 mm. Adults are on wing year-round with peaks from October to March.
The larvae feed on Melhania and Triumfetta species.

## Subspecies

* Spialia confusa confusa (central Tanzania, Malawi, northern Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, South Africa: Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal)
* Spialia confusa obscura Evans, 1937 (eastern and central Kenya, north-eastern Tanzania)
# Gilbert Morgan

The Rev. Gilbert Morgan (May 23, 1791 – May 28, 1875) is generally numbered as the second chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh, then called the Western University of Pennsylvania. He served only one year, from 1835 to 1836. His official title at the time was "Principal," a holdover from the institution's academy days.

## Biography

Born in New York on May 23, 1791, Morgan was a graduate of Union University in Schenectady, New York. He then completed theological studies at Princeton University.
Morgan was appointed as university president by the University Board of Trustees in July 1835 following recommendations from his associates at Union College. At the time of his appointment, he was also a Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, Sacred Literature and Oratory.
After beginning work on September 21, 1835, he was officially inaugurated on Tuesday evening, December 1, 1835. The ceremony was held at the First Presbyterian Church. He opened his inaugural address by saying:
   "An oath to the Searcher of Hearts, administered by the Guardian of the Commonwealth, adds fear to this solemnity. This anticipation of the eternal results, summons the conscience to trace the bearings of this office. They cannot be limited to Pupils, to the City, or State. The history of Pennsylvania, the history of our country is the record of but few individuals. It is three centuries since a smaller city than Pittsburgh, secluded among the Alps, on less ambitious waters, received a stranger seeking the retirement of learning. He furnished the model for European and American Colleges. The principles which preserve the State free, and the Church pure, the one dissevered from the other, leaving each to govern and reform themselves first took their visible forms in the Academy of Geneva.
   That Academy, with its distinguished head, gave the reformation and civil freedom to Holland, to Scotland; to England,—the best elements of reform; to France,—a bright morning, darkened by martyrdom and exile. But the cloud, which poured its rebuke on Europe, was the pillar of fire to the American Israel. The Moses' and Hurs, the Aarons and Joshuas, who led forth the colonies were educated in that school of Faith and Freedom. As in her own walls was educated Milton, strong in human rights; so Locke and Sidney."
His short tenure as president was considered mostly unsuccessful. He resigned just a year after his appointment to accept a position at a school for young women in North Carolina.

## Illness, death, funeral, and interment

Morgan fell ill with pneumonia in mid-May 1875 and died from that condition on May 18 while staying at the home of his son-in-law, the Honorable E. Delafield Smith, in New York City, New York. His funeral was held at his son-in-law's home on Monday, June 6; his body was then transported to New Jersey, where it was interred at the First Presbyterian Churchyard Cemetery in Shrewsbury.
| Preceded byRobert Bruce | University of Pittsburgh Principal 1835 – 1836 | Succeeded byRobert Bruce (Heman Dyer was the third individual to occupy the post) |
# Reece Deakin

Reece Deakin (born 12 December 1996) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a forward.

## Career

Deakin played youth football for Crystal Palace and spent time with Cray Wanderers, before signing for Conwy Borough in October 2016. He moved to Airbus UK Broughton in January 2017, before turning professional with Morecambe in July 2017. He was released by Morecambe at the end of the 2017–18 season, having made three cup appearances for them.

## Career statistics

    As of 10 May 2018
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Airbus UK Broughton | 2016–17 | Welsh Premier League | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| Morecambe | 2017–18 | League Two | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 1 |
# Ernie Sulik

Ernest Richard Sulik (July 7, 1910 – May 31, 1963), was a Major League Baseball outfielder who played in 1936 with the Philadelphia Phillies. He batted and threw left-handed.
He was born in San Francisco, California and died in Oakland, California.
# Sybra dorsatoides

Sybra dorsatoides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1957.