# Françoise Combes

Françoise Combes (French pronunciation: ; born 12 August 1952) is a French astrophysicist at the Paris Observatory and a professor at the Collège de France where she has been the chair of Galaxies and cosmology since 2014.
On 15 September 2017 the 'City of Success' school at Montpellier was renamed as 'High school Françoise Combes'.

## Education

Françoise Combes studied at the École normale supérieure from 1971 to 1975. In 1975, she obtained the Agrégation and a PhD in Physics from Paris Diderot University, writing her thesis on the dynamics and structure of galaxies.

## Research

Her research works are about galaxy formation and evolution, in a cosmological context. This work includes: galaxy dynamics, their spiral and barred structures, and interactions between galaxies, studied both through multi-wavelength observations and by numerical simulations. Additionally, she has published extensively on the interstellar medium of galaxies. In particular, the molecular gas which gives birth to new stars in nearby galaxies, such as Andromeda, and which can be found in high redshift systems. She has published numerous reviews that range in her areas of interest.
Françoise Combes has contributed to various models of dark matter, and is also interested in alternative solutions, such as modified gravity. She collaborated with Daniel Pfenniger in developing a model to account under the form of cold molecular gas for a large fraction of the dark baryons, which have not yet been identified.

## Awards and honors

* 2023: Oort lecture prize
* 2023: Elected international member of the US Academy of Sciences (NAS)
* 2022: Nick Kylafis Lectureship
* 2022: Karl Jansky Lecturer
* 2021: L'Oréal-UNESCO International Prize for Women in Science 2021
* 2021: American Astronomical Society Fellow
* 2020: Gold Medal of the CNRS
* 2019: Commander of National Order of Merit
* 2017: The school City of Success of Montpellier (France) was renamed as High school Françoise Combes
* 2017: Prix Jules Janssen of the Société astronomique de France, the French Astronomical Society
* 2017: Lise Meitner Prize of the University of Technology CHALMERS in Gothenburg
* 2017: Honorary member of the American Astronomical Society
* 2015: Officer of the French Legion of Honour
* 2013: R.M. Petrie Prize of the Canadian Astronomical Society
* 2013: Honorary Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society
* 2012: Prix des Trois Physiciens, ENS
* 2009: Officer of the National Order of Merit
* 2009: Member of the Academia Europaea
* 2003: Honorary Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2013
* 2009: Tycho Brahe Prize of the European Astronomical Society
* 2006: Knight of the French Legion of Honour
* 2004: Member of the French Academy of Sciences
* 2001: Silver Medal of the CNRS
* 1986: IBM physics prize

## Works

Françoise Combes is the author of over a thousand articles, a number of books, and has participated in collective works. Her English-language books include:
* Active Galactic Nuclei, 2022 F. Combes, ISTE Editor
* Active Galactic Nuclei: fueling and feedback, December 2021 F. Combes, IOP Editor
* Galaxies, 2021 F. Combes, ISTE Editor
* Trous Noirs et Quasars, 2021, F. Combes, de Vive Voix
* Le Big Bang, 2019, F. Combes, Que-sais-je, PUF
* The Milky Way (with James Lequeux), EDP Sciences, 2016, 196p (ISBN 978-2759819157)
* La Matière Noire, clé de l'Univers, 2015, F. Combes, Vuibert
* La Voie Lactée, 2013, (EdP-Sciences), F. Combes & J. Lequeux
* Mysteries Of Galaxy Formation, Praxis, 2010, 224p (ISBN 978-1441908674)
* Galaxies et Cosmologie (2009), (Ellipses), F. Combes, M. Haywood, S. Collin, F. Durret, B. Guiderdoni
* A. Aspect, R. Balian, G. Bastard, J.P. Bouchaud, B. Cabane, F. Combes, T. Encrenaz, S. Fauve, A. Fert, M. Fink, A. Georges, J.F. Joanny, D. Kaplan, D. Le Bihan, P. Léna, H. Le Treut, J-P Poirier, J. Prost et J.L. Puget, Demain la physique, (Odile Jacob, 2009)
* Mystères de la formation des galaxies (2008), (Dunod), F. Combes
* The Cold Universe Saas-Fee Advanced Course. vol 32. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy (with Andrew W. Blain) (editor: Daniel Pfenniger), Springer, 2004, (ISBN 978-3540408383)
* Galaxies and Cosmology (Astronomy and Astrophysics Library) (with Patrick Boissé) (translator: M. Seymour), Springer, 2nd Ed 2004, 468p (ISBN 978-3540419273)
* Galaxies and Cosmology (1995), (Springer), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard, (réédité en 2002)
* Galaxies et Cosmologie (1991), (Inter-Sciences, CNRS), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard