# Elections in Timor-Leste

Timor-Leste (formerly East Timor) elects on national level a head of state, the president, and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamenta Nacional) has 65 members.

## Schedule

| Position | 2012 | 2013 - 2016 | 2017 | 2022 |
| Type | Presidential (March & April) National Parliament (July) | None | Presidential (March & April) National Parliament (July) | Presidential (March & April) |
| President | President | None | President | |
| National Assembly | All seats | None | All seats | |
| Provinces, cities and municipalities | All seats | None | All seats | |

## Latest elections
### Presidential elections

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | José Ramos-Horta | National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction | 303,477 | 46.56 | 398,028 | 62.10 |
| | Francisco Guterres | Fretilin | 144,282 | 22.13 | 242,939 | 37.90 |
| | Armanda Berta dos Santos | Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan | 56,690 | 8.70 | | |
| | Lere Anan Timur | Independent | 49,314 | 7.57 | | |
| | Mariano Sabino Lopes | Democratic Party | 47,334 | 7.26 | | |
| | Anacleto Bento Ferreira | Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Party | 13,205 | 2.03 | | |
| | Martinho Germano da Silva Gusmão | United Party for Development and Democracy | 8,598 | 1.32 | | |
| | Hermes da Rosa Correia Barros | Independent | 8,030 | 1.23 | | |
| | Milena Pires | Independent | 5,430 | 0.83 | | |
| | Isabel da Costa Ferreira | Independent | 4,219 | 0.65 | | |
| | Felizberto Araújo Duarte | Independent | 2,709 | 0.42 | | |
| | Constâncio da Conceção Pinto | Independent | 2,520 | 0.39 | | |
| | Rogerio Lobato | Independent | 2,058 | 0.32 | | |
| | Virgílio da Silva Guterres | Independent | 1,720 | 0.26 | | |
| | Antero Benedito Silva | Independent | 1,562 | 0.24 | | |
| | Ángela Freitas | Independent | 711 | 0.11 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 651,859 | 100.00 | 640,967 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 651,859 | 98.16 | 640,967 | 99.16 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 12,247 | 1.84 | 5,422 | 0.84 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 664,106 | 100.00 | 646,389 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 859,613 | 77.26 | 859,925 | 75.17 |
| Source: National Election Commission |||||||

### Parliamentary elections

| | Alliance for Change and Progress (CNRT–PLP–KHUNTO) | 309,663 | 49.58 | 34 | –1 |
| | Fretilin | 213,324 | 34.16 | 23 | 0 |
| | Democratic Party | 50,370 | 8.07 | 5 | –2 |
| | Democratic Development Forum [de] (PUDD [de]–UDT–FM–PDN [de]) | 34,301 | 5.49 | 3 | +3 |
| | Hope of the Fatherland Party [de] | 5,060 | 0.81 | 0 | 0 |
| | National Development Movement [de] (APMT [de]–PLPA [de]–MLPM [de]–UNDERTIM) | 4,494 | 0.72 | 0 | 0 |
| | Republican Party | 4,125 | 0.66 | 0 | 0 |
| | Social Democratic Movement [de] (CASDT–PSD–PST–PDC) | 3,188 | 0.51 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 624,525 | 100.00 | 65 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 624,525 | 98.33 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 10,591 | 1.67 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 635,116 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 784,286 | 80.98 | | |
| Source: CNE ||||||

## Past elections
### Presidential elections

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Francisco Guterres | Fretilin | 133,635 | 28.76 | 174,408 | 38.77 |
| | Taur Matan Ruak | Independent | 119,462 | 25.71 | 275,471 | 61.23 |
| | José Ramos-Horta | Independent | 81,231 | 17.48 | | |
| | Fernando de Araújo | Democratic Party | 80,381 | 17.30 | | |
| | Rogério Lobato | Independent | 16,219 | 3.49 | | |
| | José Luís Guterres | Frenti-Mudança | 9,235 | 1.99 | | |
| | Manuel Tilman | Association of Timorese Heroes | 7,226 | 1.56 | | |
| | Abílio Araújo [de] | Timorese Nationalist Party | 6,294 | 1.35 | | |
| | Lucas da Costa [de] | Independent | 3,862 | 0.83 | | |
| | Francisco Gomes [de] | People's Freedom Party of the Aileba [de] | 3,531 | 0.76 | | |
| | Maria do Céu | Independent | 1,843 | 0.40 | | |
| | Angelita Pires [de] | Independent | 1,742 | 0.37 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 464,661 | 100.00 | 449,879 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 464,661 | 94.84 | 449,879 | 98.08 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 25,272 | 5.16 | 8,824 | 1.92 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 489,933 | 100.00 | 458,703 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 627,295 | 78.10 | 627,295 | 73.12 |
| Source: IFES, IFES |||||||
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| | Francisco Guterres | Fretilin | 112,666 | 27.89 | 127,342 | 30.82 |
| | José Ramos-Horta | Independent | 88,102 | 21.81 | 285,835 | 69.18 |
| | Fernando de Araújo | Democratic Party | 77,459 | 19.18 | | |
| | Francisco Xavier do Amaral | Timorese Social Democratic Association | 58,125 | 14.39 | | |
| | Lúcia Lobato | Social Democratic Party | 35,789 | 8.86 | | |
| | Manuel Tilman | Association of Timorese Heroes | 16,534 | 4.09 | | |
| | Avelino Coelho da Silva | Socialist Party of Timor | 8,338 | 2.06 | | |
| | João Viegas Carrascalão | Timorese Democratic Union | 6,928 | 1.72 | | |
| Total | Total | Total | 403,941 | 100.00 | 413,177 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 403,941 | 94.56 | 413,177 | 97.34 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 23,257 | 5.44 | 11,298 | 2.66 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 427,198 | 100.00 | 424,475 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 522,933 | 81.69 | 524,073 | 81.00 |
| Source: ANFREL, IFES |||||||
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Xanana Gusmão | Independent | 301,634 | 82.69 |
| | Francisco Xavier do Amaral | Timorese Social Democratic Association | 63,146 | 17.31 |
| Total | Total | Total | 364,780 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 364,780 | 96.36 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 13,768 | 3.64 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 378,548 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 446,256 | 84.83 |
| Source: IFES |||||

### Parliamentary elections

| | Fretilin | 168,480 | 29.66 | 23 | –2 |
| | National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction | 167,345 | 29.46 | 22 | –8 |
| | People's Liberation Party | 60,098 | 10.58 | 8 | New |
| | Democratic Party | 55,608 | 9.79 | 7 | –1 |
| | Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan | 36,547 | 6.43 | 5 | +5 |
| | United Party for Development and Democracy [de] | 15,887 | 2.80 | 0 | New |
| | Timorese Democratic Union | 11,255 | 1.98 | 0 | 0 |
| | Frenti-Mudança | 8,849 | 1.56 | 0 | –2 |
| | Hope of the Fatherland Party [de] | 6,775 | 1.19 | 0 | New |
| | Timorese Monarchist People's Association [de] | 5,461 | 0.96 | 0 | 0 |
| | Bloku Unidade Popular (PMD–PLPA [de]–PDRT) | 4,999 | 0.88 | 0 | 0 |
| | Socialist Party of Timor | 4,891 | 0.86 | 0 | 0 |
| | Social Democratic Party | 4,688 | 0.83 | 0 | 0 |
| | Republican Party | 3,951 | 0.70 | 0 | 0 |
| | National Development Party [de] | 3,846 | 0.68 | 0 | 0 |
| | Timorese Social Democratic Action Center | 2,330 | 0.41 | 0 | New |
| | People's Development Party [de] | 2,079 | 0.37 | 0 | 0 |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 1,764 | 0.31 | 0 | 0 |
| | Maubere People's Liberation Movement [de] | 1,332 | 0.23 | 0 | New |
| | National Unity of Timorese Resistance | 1,216 | 0.21 | 0 | 0 |
| | Timorese Democratic Party [de] | 669 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 568,070 | 100.00 | 65 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 568,070 | 97.28 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 15,886 | 2.72 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 583,956 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 760,907 | 76.74 | | |
| Source: CNE ||||||
| | National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction | 172,831 | 36.66 | 30 | +12 |
| | Fretilin | 140,786 | 29.87 | 25 | +4 |
| | Democratic Party | 48,581 | 10.31 | 8 | 0 |
| | Frenti-Mudança | 14,648 | 3.11 | 2 | New |
| | Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan | 13,998 | 2.97 | 0 | New |
| | Socialist Party of Timor | 11,379 | 2.41 | 0 | 0 |
| | Social Democratic Party | 10,158 | 2.15 | 0 | – |
| | National Development Party [de] | 9,386 | 1.99 | 0 | New |
| | Timorese Social Democratic Association | 8,487 | 1.80 | 0 | – |
| | National Unity of Timorese Resistance | 7,041 | 1.49 | 0 | –2 |
| | Timorese Democratic Union | 5,332 | 1.13 | 0 | 0 |
| | Republican Party | 4,270 | 0.91 | 0 | 0 |
| | PLPA [de]–PDRT coalition | 4,012 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 |
| | Timorese Monarchist People's Association [de] | 3,968 | 0.84 | 0 | New |
| | National Unity Party | 3,191 | 0.68 | 0 | –3 |
| | Coligação Bloco Proclamador (PMD–PARENTIL [de]) | 3,125 | 0.66 | 0 | 0 |
| | Democratic Alliance (KOTA–PTT) | 2,622 | 0.56 | 0 | –2 |
| | Timorese Democratic Party [de] | 2,561 | 0.54 | 0 | 0 |
| | Liberal Party | 2,222 | 0.47 | 0 | New |
| | People's Development Party [de] | 1,904 | 0.40 | 0 | New |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 887 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 471,389 | 100.00 | 65 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 471,389 | 97.64 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 11,403 | 2.36 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 482,792 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 645,624 | 74.78 | | |
| Source: STAE, SAPO ||||||
| | Fretilin | 120,592 | 29.02 | 21 | –34 |
| | National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction | 100,175 | 24.10 | 18 | New |
| | PSD–ASDT | 65,358 | 15.73 | 11 | –1 |
| | Democratic Party | 46,946 | 11.30 | 8 | +1 |
| | National Unity Party | 18,896 | 4.55 | 3 | New |
| | Democratic Alliance (KOTA–PPT) | 13,294 | 3.20 | 2 | –2 |
| | National Unity of Timorese Resistance | 13,247 | 3.19 | 2 | New |
| | Timorese Nationalist Party | 10,057 | 2.42 | 0 | –2 |
| | Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Party | 7,718 | 1.86 | 0 | New |
| | Republican Party | 4,408 | 1.06 | 0 | New |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 4,300 | 1.03 | 0 | –2 |
| | Socialist Party of Timor | 3,982 | 0.96 | 0 | –1 |
| | Timorese Democratic Union | 3,753 | 0.90 | 0 | –2 |
| | Millennium Democratic Party | 2,878 | 0.69 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 415,604 | 100.00 | 65 | –23 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 415,604 | 97.51 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 10,606 | 2.49 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 426,210 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 529,198 | 80.54 | | |
| Source: CNE ||||||
Seats :
| | Fretilin | 208,531 | 57.37 | 55 |
| | Democratic Party | 31,680 | 8.72 | 7 |
| | Social Democratic Party | 29,726 | 8.18 | 6 |
| | Timorese Social Democratic Association | 28,495 | 7.84 | 6 |
| | Timorese Democratic Union | 8,581 | 2.36 | 2 |
| | Timorese Nationalist Party | 8,035 | 2.21 | 2 |
| | Association of Timorese Heroes | 7,735 | 2.13 | 2 |
| | People's Party of Timor | 7,322 | 2.01 | 2 |
| | Christian Democratic Party | 7,181 | 1.98 | 2 |
| | Socialist Party of Timor | 6,483 | 1.78 | 1 |
| | Liberal Party | 4,013 | 1.10 | 1 |
| | Christian Democratic Union of Timor | 2,413 | 0.66 | 1 |
| | Timorese Popular Democratic Association | 2,181 | 0.60 | 0 |
| | Timorese Labor Party | 2,026 | 0.56 | 0 |
| | National Republic Party of East Timor [de] | 1,970 | 0.54 | 0 |
| | Maubere Democratic Party [de] | 1,788 | 0.49 | 0 |
| | Independents | 5,341 | 1.47 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 363,501 | 100.00 | 88 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 363,501 | 94.60 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 20,747 | 5.40 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 384,248 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 446,666 | 86.03 | |
| Source: Ying, Elections Today, IDEA |||||