OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jaunjelgava county

Jaunjelgava county (Latvian: Jaunjelgavas apriņķis, German: Kreis Friedrichstadt, Russian: Фридрихштадтский уезд) was a historic county of the Courland Governorate and of the Republic of Latvia. Its capital was Jaunjelgava (Friedrichstadt).

## History

Initially, the Captaincy of Friedrichstadt (German: Hauptmannschaft Friedrichstadt) was as a subdivision of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. In 1795, the Duchy was incorporated into the Russian Empire, and in 1819 Friedrichstadt County (Kreis Friedrichstadt) became one of the ten counties of the Courland Governorate.
After the establishment of the Republic of Latvia in 1918, the Jaunjelgavas apriņķis existed until 1924, when it was renamed to Jēkabpils apriņķis.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Kreis Friedrichstadt had a population of 64,795. Of these, 83.0% spoke Latvian, 9.3% Yiddish, 2.8% German, 2.6% Russian, 1.2% Lithuanian, 0.8% Polish, 0.2% Romani and 0.1% Belarusian as their native language.
# Indian agent (Canada)

From 1755 to 1830 Indian agent was a representative of the British Indian Department in British North America.
From the 1830s (beginning in what was then so-called "Lower Canada") until the 1960s, an Indian agent was the Canadian government's representative on First Nations reserves. The British involvement ended in 1860 when Indigenous affairs were whole Canadian responsibility. The role of the Indian agent in Canadian history has never been fully documented, and today the position no longer exists.
The position of Indian agent was established in the early 1870s. Indian agents were responsible for implementing government policy on reserves, enforcing and administering the provisions of the Indian Act, and managing the day-to-day affairs of First Nations people.
An Indian agent was the chief administrator for Indian affairs in their respective districts, although the title now is largely in disuse in preference to "government agent". The powers of the Indian agent held sway over the lives of all First Nations peoples in their jurisdictions. Both Indian Act and government agent duties were fused in the original colonial title of gold commissioner, which encompassed both agencies as well as the duties of magistrate, policeman, coroner and surveyor.
Under the pass system in place from 1885 until World War II, a Status Indian was not allowed to leave his or her Indian reserve without a pass signed by the Indian agent and could be arrested if found off reserve without a pass or with a pass that had expired.
Notable Indian agents in Canada included Henry Ross Halpin, Ebenezer McColl, and Alexander McKee.
In 1969, First Nations peoples overwhelming rejected a government policy paper called the White Paper, which called for erasing the legal distinctions between First Nations people and others in Canada by repealing the Indian Act. First Nations people did not want to be assimilated, and they also disliked the paternalistic way they were being treated by the government. As a result, the government began to slowly change its approach, including by withdrawing all Indian agents from reserves.
This title Indian agent was also used in the United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries for individuals authorized to interact with Native American tribes on behalf of the U.S. government; see Indian agent.
# John Lawrence Hammond

John Lawrence Le Breton Hammond (18 July 1872 – 7 April 1949) was a British journalist and writer on social history and politics. A number of his best-known works were jointly written with his wife, Barbara Hammond (née Bradby, 1873–1961). She was the sister of poet and novelist G. F. Bradby.
He was educated at Bradford Grammar School and St John's College, Oxford, where he read classics. He was editor of the Liberal weekly The Speaker from 1899 to 1906. He was the leader-writer for The Tribune in 1906–1907 and for The Daily News in 1907. He was later on the staff of the Manchester Guardian.

## Works

* Charles James Fox a Political Study (1903)
* The Village Labourer 1760-1832: a Study of the Government of England before the Reform Bill (1911) with Barbara Hammond
* The Town Labourer 1760-1832: The New Civilisation (1917) with Barbara Hammond via Archive.org
* The Skilled Labourer 1760-1832 (1919) with Barbara Hammond
* The Terror in Action: A Graphic Sketch of Irish Policy from 1914-1921 (1921)
* Lord Shaftesbury (1923) with Barbara Hammond
* The Rise of Modern Industry (1925) with Barbara Hammond
* The Age of the Chartists 1832-1854: A Study of Discontent (1930) with Barbara Hammond
* James Stansfeld: A Victorian Champion of Sex Equality (1932) with Barbara Hammond
* Britain and the Modern World Order (1932) with Arnold J. Toynbee
* C. P. Scott of the Manchester Guardian (1934)
* The Bleak Age: England 1800-1850 (1934) with Barbara Hammond
* Gladstone and the Irish Nation (1934)
* C. P. Scott, 1846 - 1932. The Making of the Manchester Guardian (1946) with C. E. Montague and H. D. Scott Nichols
* Gladstone and Liberalism (1952) with M. R. D. Foot
# Pasir Mas Hilir

Pasir Mas Hilir was a federal constituency in Kelantan, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1959 to 1974.
The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 1974 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of Parliament for Pasir Mas Hilir :
| Parliament | No | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Pasir Mas |||||
| Parliament of the Federation of Malaya |||||
| 1st | P017 | 1959–1963 | Nik Man Nik Mohamed (نئ من نئ محمد) | PMIP |
| Parliament of Malaysia |||||
| 1st | P017 | 1963–1964 | Nik Man Nik Mohamed (نئ من نئ محمد) | PMIP |
| 2nd | P017 | 1964–1969 | Muhammad Fakhruddin Abdullah (محمد فخرالدين عبدالله) | PMIP |
| | | 1969–1971 | Parliament was suspended | Parliament was suspended |
| 3rd | P017 | 1971–1973 | Muhammad Fakhruddin Abdullah (محمد فخرالدين عبدالله) | PMIP |
| 3rd | P017 | 1973–1974 | Muhammad Fakhruddin Abdullah (محمد فخرالدين عبدالله) | BN (PMIP) |
| Constituency abolished, renamed to Pasir Mas |||||

### State constituency

| Parliamentary constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency |
| Parliamentary constituency | 1955–1959* | 1959–1974 | 1974–1986 | 1986–1995 | 1995–2004 | 2004–2018 | 2018–present |
| Pasir Mas Hilir | | Bandar Pasir Mas | | | | | |
| Pasir Mas Hilir | | Meranti | | | | | |
| Pasir Mas Hilir | | Tendong | | | | | |
# William Hooker (botanical illustrator)

William Hooker (1779–1832) was a British illustrator of natural history. He studied under Franz Bauer (1758–1840), becoming the official artist of the Royal Horticultural Society from 1812 until retirement in 1820, whose publications he illustrated. His paintings of fruit were particularly appreciated.
Hooker also worked on the Oriental Memoirs of James Forbes and The Paradisus Londinensis, with descriptions by Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761–1829). He contributed illustrations for Hooker's Finest Fruits until his death in 1832.
The standard author abbreviation W.Hook. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
# Pretoria railway station

Pretoria railway station is the central station in Pretoria, the executive capital of South Africa. It is located between Pretoria's central business district and Salvokop, in a 1910 building designed by Herbert Baker. It is the terminus of various Metrorail commuter rail services in the northern part of Gauteng, and a stop on Shosholoza Meyl inter-city services from Johannesburg to Polokwane and Nelspruit. Pretoria is also the northern terminus of the luxury Blue Train service from Cape Town. Platforms and tracks for the Gautrain rapid-rail service are adjacent to the main-line station.

## History

The first railway station in Pretoria was built in 1892 by the Netherlands-South African Railway Company (NZASM) as the western terminus of its line to the harbour of Delagoa Bay (now Maputo). In 1910, shortly before the creation of the Union of South Africa, the government of the Transvaal Colony decided to spend excess funds on constructing a new station for Pretoria, rather than surrendering the money to the new national government. The new station was the first public building designed by Sir Herbert Baker.
On 19 February 2001, a signalling failure led to major delays to Metrorail services in Pretoria. Angered by the delays, some commuters set a fire in a waiting room which spread to the roof of the building, which caved in. Almost all of the roof was destroyed, although the structure itself was saved. The restoration, which cost 18 million rand, started in June 2001 and finished in February 2002.

## Services

Shosholoza Meyl inter-city services originating from Johannesburg pass through Pretoria en route to Musina via Polokwane and Komatipoort via Nelspruit. Metrorail commuter services operate from Pretoria west to Atteridgeville, north to Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa, east to Mamelodi, and south to Johannesburg Park Station. The Gautrain connects Pretoria station to Park Station, with another going east in Pretoria to Hatfield.
| Preceding station | Shosholoza Meyl | Shosholoza Meyl | Shosholoza Meyl | Following station |
| Germistontowards Johannesburg | | Johannesburg–Komatipoort | | Eerste Fabrieketowards Komatipoort |
| Germistontowards Johannesburg | | Johannesburg–Musina | | Pyramidtowards Musina |
| Preceding station | Gautrain | Gautrain | Gautrain | Following station |
| Centuriontowards Park Station | | North–South Line | | HatfieldTerminus |
| Preceding station | Metrorail Gauteng | Metrorail Gauteng | Metrorail Gauteng | Following station |
| Fonteinetowards Johannesburg | | Johannesburg–Pretoria | | Terminus |
| Terminus | | Pretoria–Saulsville | | Bosman Streettowards Saulsville |
| Terminus | | Pretoria–Mabopane/De Wildt | | Bosman Streettowards Mabopane or De Wildt |
| Terminus | | Pretoria–Pienaarspoort | | Mears Streettowards Pienaarspoort |
# Arende (film)

Arende is a 1994 South African action war film film directed by Dirk de Villiers. The film stars Ian Roberts and Gavin van den Berg in lead roles along with Diane Wilson, Keith Grenville and Percy Sieff in supportive roles. It is a continuation of the Arende TV series that preceded it.
The film received positive reviews and won several awards at international film festivals.

## Plot

The film is set during the Anglo–Boer War. It depicts the life of the rebellious Boer farmer Sloet Steenkamp and the Captain of the British Army James Kerwin.
The film follows Sloet Steenkamp after his subsequent capture by the British. Sloet is originally sentenced to execution for treason, due to his past as a British citizen originally from the Cape Colony that joined the war on the Boer side; his execution is commuted to life imprisonment on Saint Helena Island. This highly motivates him to escape as, unlike the other prisoners who will be released after the war, he instead expects to remain imprisoned. The film details his ultimately unsuccessful attempts at escaping the island. It ends with the death of two fellow inmates and the attempted kidnapping of the island's governor to demand better medical care, and a race with Captain Kerwin that ends in the death of another Boer prisoner – and friend of Sloet's – just as the end of the Boer War is announced.

## Cast

* Ian Roberts as Sloet Steenkamp
* Gavin van den Berg as Capt. James Kerwin
* Brian O'Shaughnessy as Sgt. Stewart
* James White as Dr. John Moston-Smythe
* Keith Grenville as Governor Andrew Wilks
* Diane Wilson as Mary Wilks
* Jocelyn Broderick as Jo-Ann Wilks
* Michelle Botes as Princess Gobbler
* Percy Sieff as Benny Mentz
* Johan Esterhuizen as Buks Retief
* Libby Daniels as Annette Steenkamp
* André Roodtman as P.J. Buys
* Hennie Oosthuizen as Commandant Hendrik Keet
* Limpie Basson as Petrus Johnson
* Flip Theron as Rev. Louw
* Albert Maritz as Rev. Bloemfontein
* Gert van Niekerk as Paul Johnson
* Chipi van der Merwe as Kortgiel Mostert
* Kobus Steyn as Chris Marneweck
* Lourens Potgieter as Danie
* David Pieters as Sam Gobbler
* Pieter Sherriff as Faan
* Tim Mahoney as Jimmy Kitchener
* Richard Farmer as Rev. Patrick Swindle
* Gordon van Rooyen as Col. Miller
* Nico de Beer as Mees Mouton
# Bakewell pudding

Bakewell pudding is an English dessert consisting of a flaky pastry base with a layer of sieved jam and topped with a filling made of egg and almond paste.

## Etymology

References to "Bakewell pudding" appear earlier than the term "Bakewell tart", which entered common usage in the 20th century.
In the Oxford Companion to Food by Alan Davidson, it is claimed the earliest reference to "Bakewell pudding" comes from The Cook and Housewife's Manual by Margaret Dods, published in 1826. This is, however, erroneous as no recipe for "Bakewell pudding" (or indeed Bakewell tart) appears in the 1826 edition. A recipe for "bakewell pudding" does, however, appear in the 1847 edition.

## History

The pudding originated in the Derbyshire town of Bakewell. The origins of the pudding are not clear, but a common story is that it was first made by accident in 1820 (other sources cite 1860) by Mrs Greaves, who was the landlady of the White Horse Inn (since demolished). She supposedly left instructions for her cook to make a jam tart. The cook, instead of stirring the eggs and almond paste mixture into the pastry, spread it on top of the jam. When cooked, the egg and almond paste set like an egg custard, and the result was successful enough for it to become a popular dish at the inn.
The dates and/or premises given in this story are unlikely to be accurate as the White Horse Inn was demolished in 1803 to make way for the development of Rutland Square and subsequently the Rutland Arms Hotel. Additionally, Eliza Acton provides a recipe for 'Bakewell pudding' in her book Modern Cookery for Private Families which was published in 1845, making the pudding's creation date of 1860 impossible.
One of the earliest verifiable examples of a Bakewell pudding recipe comes from The Magazine of Domestic Economy issued in London in 1836. Eliza Acton published a recipe in her 1845 work Modern Cookery for Private Families and Mrs Beeton published two recipes for Bakewell pudding, one which used a pastry base and one which used breadcrumbs, in her Book of Household Management in 1861.
# Krian (Federal Legislative Council constituency)

Krian was a federal constituency in Perak, Malaysia, that was represented in the Federal Legislative Council from 1955 to 1959. The federal constituency was created as part of the 1955 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Federal Legislative Council under the first past-the-post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 1959 when the constituency boundaries were redrawn.

### Representation history

Members of Parliament for Dindings :
| Parliament | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created ||||
| 1st | 1955–1959 | Ahmad Tuan Hussain (احمد توان حسين) | PMIP |
| Constituency abolished, split into Krian Laut and Krian Darat ||||

### State constituency

| Parliamentary constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency |
| Parliamentary constituency | 1955–1959* | 1959–1974 | 1974–1986 | 1986–1995 | 1995–2004 | 2004–2018 | 2018–present |
| Krian | Krian East | | | | | | |
| Krian | Krian West | | | | | | |
# List of Argentine musicians

This is a list of notable Argentinean musicians and singers:
* Alejandro Toledo (musician)
* Los Auténticos Decadentes
* Ataque 77
* Almendra
* Babasónicos
* Bizarrap
* Cazzu
* Charly García
* Duki(Rapper)
* Emilia Mernes
* Gustavo Cerati
* Indica – Rock band formed in 2006 in Buenos Aires
* La Empoderada Orquesta Atípica
* Los Enanitos Verdes
* Los Fabulosos Cadillacs
* Fito Páez
* Flema
* Kapanga
* Khea
* L-Gante
* La Renga
* Lali Espósito
* Lex Talion – Viking metal/folk metal band
* Los Pericos
* Lit Killah
* María Becerra
* Martha Argerich
* Miranda!
* Nicki Nicole
* Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota
* Paulo Londra
* Pescado Rabioso
* Puente Celeste
* Serú Girán
* Soda Stereo
* Sui Generis
* Tiago PZK
* Tini(Singer)
* Todos Tus Muertos
* Virus (band)
* Xavier Moyano
# Carnegie

Carnegie may refer to:

## People

* Carnegie (surname), including a list of people with the name
** Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist
* Clan Carnegie, a lowland Scottish clan

## Institutions
### Named for Andrew Carnegie

* Carnegie Building (Troy, New York), on the campus of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
* Carnegie College, in Dunfermline, Scotland, a former further education college
* Carnegie Community Centre, in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia
* Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs
* Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a global think tank with headquarters in Washington, DC, and four other centers, including:
** Carnegie Middle East Center, in Beirut
** Carnegie Europe, in Brussels
** Carnegie Moscow Center
* Carnegie Foundation (disambiguation), any of several foundations
* Carnegie Hall, a concert hall in New York City
* Carnegie Hall, Inc., a regional cultural center in Lewisburg, West Virginia
* Carnegie Hero Fund
* Carnegie Institution for Science, also called Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW)
* Carnegie library, libraries built with grants paid by Carnegie
* Carnegie Medal (literary award), a British award for children's literature
* Carnegie Mellon University
** Carnegie Institute of Technology (CIT), now part of the Carnegie Mellon University
* Carnegie Museum of Art, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which awards the
** Carnegie Prize
* Carnegie Museum of Natural History, featuring the famous Dinosaur Hall
** Carnegie collection, a series of educational figures based on the exhibits in Dinosaur Hall
* Carnegie Steel Company
* Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, a charitable foundation

### Named for industrialist David Carnegie

* Carnegie Investment Bank, Swedish investment bank
** Carnegie Art Award, a Swedish art prize

## Places
### Australia

* Carnegie, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia
** Carnegie railway station, Melbourne
* Lake Carnegie (Western Australia)

### United States

* Carnegie, California, a former populated place
* Carnegie, Georgia
* Carnegie, Minnesota
* Carnegie, New York
* Carnegie, Oklahoma
* Carnegie, Pennsylvania
* Carnegie, Wisconsin
* Lake Carnegie (New Jersey), at Princeton University

## Other

* Carnegie (horse) (1991–2012), a Thoroughbred racehorse and sire
* Carnegie (yacht), a brigantine yacht launched in 1909, destroyed in 1929, a non-magnetic survey ship of the Carnegie Institution
* Carnegie Deli, in New York City
* Carnegie stages of embryonic development
* Carnegie State Vehicular Recreation Area, in California
* Leeds Carnegie, a brand name used by several sports teams
* USS Carnegie (CVE-38), or HMS Empress, a World War II escort aircraft carrier
# Fred Quercy

Frédéric Quercy (born 6 July 1991) is a French professional rugby union player of Spanish descent.

## Biography

A native of Béziers, Quercy was a boxer in his youth, but quit at the age of 16 to focus on rugby, a sport both his father and grandfather had played. His grandfather won a national championship with AS Béziers and it was at that club that Quercy originally trained. He was a French representative player at under-18 and under-19 level.
Quercy, a back-row forward, got started in senior rugby at Montpellier Hérault, where he played in the Top 14 and Heineken Cup. Since leaving Montpellier, Quercy has played his rugby in the Pro D2, with SC Albi, USON Nevers and US Montauban. He competes for Spain in international rugby, by virtue of having a paternal grandmother from Valencia. In 2022, Quercy scored a try in Spain's 33–28 win over Portugal that secured qualification for the World Cup, but their place in the tournament was taken away after they were found to have earlier fielded an ineligible player.
# Franca Faldini

Franca Faldini (10 February 1931 – 22 July 2016) was an Italian writer, journalist and actress.

## Life and career

Born in Rome into a middle-class Jewish family, Faldini was forced to flee to Tuscany because of the Fascist racial laws. After the war, she was noticed by Ben Stahl, who pictured her in a painting called "Moment at Villa D'Este" for the magazine Esquire. She later moved to Hollywood, where she won a beauty pageant for aspiring actresses called "Miss Cheesecake", and made her film debut in Sailor Beware.
Returning to Italy, where she was initially billed as "The Italian who comes from Hollywood", Faldini started a relationship with the popular comedian Totò, also appearing in several of his films. In 1954, they had a son, Massenzio, who died a few hours after his birth. Totò dedicated a song to her, "Principessa" (Italian for 'Princess').
In 1955, dissatisfied with her roles, Faldini retired from acting, making occasional returns in 1957, when she replaced on stage the injured main actress Franca Maj in a revue alongside Totò, and in 1998, appearing in Incontri proibiti (Italian for 'Prohibited encounters'), the last film by Alberto Sordi. Faldini eventually started a career as a journalist and writer, co-writing with Goffredo Fofi [it] a history of Italian cinema, L'Avventurosa storia del cinema italiano (Italian for 'The adventurous history of Italian cinema'), and writing several books about Totò.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1952 | Sailor Beware | Bit Role | Uncredited |
| 1952 | Toto and the Women | La signora dell'appuntamento | |
| 1953 | Man, Beast and Virtue | Mariannina | |
| 1953 | Neapolitan Turk | Angelica | |
| 1953 | Funniest Show on Earth | Yvonne, la soubrette | |
| 1954 | Where Is Freedom? | Maria | |
| 1954 | Poverty and Nobility | Nadia | |
| 1955 | Toto in Hell | Maria | |
| 1955 | Are We Men or Corporals? | Gabriella | |
| 1998 | Incontri proibiti [it] | Alessandra Andreoli | (final film role) |
# Raymond Bond

Raymond Ernest Bond (born 7 September 1944) is a former English cricketer. Bond was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Burnham, Buckinghamshire.
Bond made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship against Suffolk. Bond played Minor counties cricket for Buckinghamshire from 1965 to 1979, which included 72 Minor Counties Championship matches. In 1969, he made in his List A debut for Buckinghamshire, against Middlesex in the Gillette Cup. He played 4 further List A matches for Buckinghamshire, the last coming against Suffolk in the 1979 Gillette Cup. He also played 4 List A matches for Minor Counties South, spread over the 1973 and 1974 Benson & Hedges Cup In total, he played 9 List A matches, taking 15 wickets at a bowling average of 18.46, with a single five wicket haul against Cambridgeshire in the 1972 Gillette Cup, with Bond taking figures of 5/17 in the match.
During his career, Bond played just the single first-class match. This came for a combined Minor Counties cricket team against the touring West Indians in 1973. He wasn't required to bat in this match, but did take 2 wickets: Roy Fredericks' in both the West Indian first-innings and second-innings.
# Susanta Chakraborty

Susanta Chakraborty (1 September 1940 - 9 September 2002) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Howrah, West Bengal in 1989 and 1991 as a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
# Vladyslav Prudius

Vladyslav Mykolayovych Prudius (Ukrainian: Владислав Миколайович Прудіус; Russian: Владислав Николаевич Прудиус; born 22 June 1973) is a Ukrainian professional football coach and a former player. He also holds Russian citizenship.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League B in 1991 for FC Mayak Kharkiv. He played 2 games in the 1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup for FC Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don.

## Honours

* Ukrainian Premier League champion: 1994.