OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sandy Abi-Elias

Sandy Patricia Abi-Elias (Arabic: ساندي ابي الياس; born 10 May 1997) is a former footballer who played as a forward.
Abi-Elias played for various youth clubs in England, most notably Arsenal and Chelsea. She made her senior debut in 2014 with Watford, before playing for Bristol Academy, Swindon Town, and Keynsham Town.
Born in England, Abi-Elias is of Lebanese descent; she represented Lebanon internationally in 2018.

## Club career
### Youth

Abi-Elias started her youth career at Fulham in 2007, before moving to AFC Wimbledon in 2011. After one year, Abi-Elias moved to Arsenal, winning the 2012–13 FA Girls Youth Cup, before joining Chelsea in 2013, staying there one year.

### Senior

In 2014 Abi-Elias began her senior career at Watford, playing during the 2014–15 season. In 2015 she moved to Bristol Academy, before joining Swindon Town in 2016. After one season at the club, Abi-Elias moved to Keynsham Town, playing there during the 2017–18 season.

## International career

Abi-Elias made her senior international debut for Lebanon on 28 November 2018, in an AFC Women's Olympic qualifying match against Iran; Lebanon lost 8–0.

## Personal life

Born in Isleworth, England, Abi-Elias studied at Teddington School in Teddington, London between 2007 and 2013. In 2011, while in Year 9, Abi-Elias was awarded Football Player of the Year (Girl). Between 2013 and 2015, Abi-Elias studied BTEC Level 3 Sport and Exercise at Kingston College, while playing for the college's women's football academy. In 2015 Abi-Elias studied at the University of Bath, with a BA in Sport and Social Sciences.

## Honours

Arsenal
* FA Girls Youth Cup: 2012–13
# Zinc iodide

Zinc iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnI$_2$. It exists both in anhydrous form and as a dihydrate. Both are white and readily absorb water from the atmosphere. It has no major application.

## Preparation

It can be prepared by the direct reaction of zinc and iodine in water or refluxing ether:
    Zn + I$_2$ → ZnI$_2$
Absent a solvent, the elements do not combine directly at room temperature.

## Structure as solid, gas, and in solution

The structure of solid ZnI$_2$ is unusual relative to the dichloride. While zinc centers are tetrahedrally coordinated, as in ZnCl$_2$, groups of four of these tetrahedra share three vertices to form “super-tetrahedra” of composition {Zn$_4$I$_{10}$}, which are linked by their vertices to form a three-dimensional structure. These "super-tetrahedra" are similar to the P$_4$O$_{10}$ structure.
Molecular ZnI$_2$ is linear as predicted by VSEPR theory with a Zn-I bond length of 238 pm.
In aqueous solution the following have been detected: Zn(H$_2$O)$_6$$^{2+}$, [ZnI(H$_2$O)$_5$]$^+$, tetrahedral ZnI$_2$(H$_2$O)$_2$, ZnI$_3$(H$_2$O)$^−$, and ZnI$_4$$^{2−}$.

## Applications

* Zinc iodide is often used as an x-ray opaque penetrant in industrial radiography to improve the contrast between the damage and intact composite.
* United States patent 4,109,065 describes a rechargeable aqueous zinc-halogen cell that includes an aqueous electrolytic solution containing a zinc salt selected from the class consisting of zinc bromide, zinc iodide, and mixtures thereof, in both positive and negative electrode compartments.
* In combination with osmium tetroxide, ZnI$_2$ is used as a stain in electron microscopy.
* As a Lewis acid, zinc iodide catalyzes for the conversion of methanol to triptane and hexamethylbenzene.
* It can be used as a topical antiseptic.
# Les Bras en croix

"Les Bras en croix" ("Arms Crossed") is a song by French singer Johnny Hallyday, released in 1963. It was written by Jil & Jan [fr] (lyrics) and Johnny Hallyday (music).
The song was included on Hallyday's 1963 album Johnny Hallyday (commonly known as Les Bras en croix).

## Commercial performance

In France the song reached no. 1 on the singles sales chart.
In Wallonia (Belgium) it spent 28 weeks in the chart, peaking at no. 6 for one week.

## Track listing

7-inch EP Philips 432.908 BE (1963, France, Spain, etc.)
    A1. "Les bras en croix" (2:13)
    A2. "Quitte-moi doucement" ("Break It to Me Gently") (2:30)
    B1. "Quand un air vous possède" ("When My Little Girl Is Smiling") (2:17)
    B2. "Dis-moi oui" ("We Say Yeah") (2:07)

## Charts

| Chart (1963) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 6 |
| France (singles sales) | 1 |
* Charted in Belgium as "Les Bras en croix / Quand un air vous possède"
# Mhachkay

Mhachkay ("Turkish: Meçkey", "Tatar Language: Мәцкәй (Мәчкәй) and Mäçkäy or Мәчекәй sometimes Мәсек", "Azerbaijani Language: Məçkəy'', "Russian: Mасек'') is a creature in Turkic (especially Tatar) mythology which is somewhat similar to a vampire.

## Description

A person born with two hearts and two souls was believed to be a Mhachkay. When one was recognized it was chased away from human habitations. Mhachkays were usually people who died at a young age, but only one soul passed on, and the other soul caused the deceased Mhachkay to come alive and prey upon other living beings. These undead creatures fly at night in the form of an owl and attack night-time travelers and people who wander off into the woods, sucking out their blood and eating out their insides. A Mhachkay could also be satisfied with animal blood, for a short period of time. When a person recognized as a Mhachkay dies, decapitating the corpse and burying the head separate from the rest of the body is said to prevent a Mhachkay from rising back from the dead; burying the body face down with a sickle around its head is said to work as well. Anyone found wandering the forests with fresh soil and blood covering their hands, and possibly torn fingernails were believed to be a Mhachkay as well.

## A Mhachkay event in the Ottoman Empire

Ahmed Şükrü Efendi, kadı (judge) of Veliko Tarnovo, reported an event to the capital city. With a letter he published the happenings in the journal Takvim-i Vakayi (date: 19 Rebiulahir 1249 /1833):
       “There have been manifestations of vampires in Tirnovo. (...) A huge crowd went to the graveyard. As he turned the painted piece of wood on his finger, the painting stood in front of the graves of two brigands, Tetikoğlu Ali and Apti Alemdar, formerly members of the Janissary corps, and bloody tyrants. The graves were dug up. The cadavers were found to have grown by a half, their hair and nails had grown longer by three or four inches. Their eyes were inundated by blood, and looked terrifying. All of the crowd assembled at the graveyard saw it. When alive, these men had committed all kinds of mischief, including rape, theft and murder; when their corps was abolished, they had not been delivered to the executioner, interestingly, as evidenced by their age they had died a natural death. Unsatisfied by their mischievous life, they now harassed people as evil spirits. According to the description of Nikola the exorcist, in order to expel such evil spirits, one has to drive a wooden stake into the belly of their cadavers and pour boiling water onto their hearts. Ali Alemdar’s and Apti Alemdar’s corpses were removed from their graves. Wooden stakes were driven into their bellies and their hearts were boiled with a cauldron of water, but with no result. The exorcist said: we must burn these corpses.”
# Adrian Cade

Adrian Mark Cade (born 23 September 1961) is a former English cricketer. Cade was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Peterborough, Cambridgeshire.
Cade made his debut in county cricket in the 1990 Minor Counties Championship for Cambridgeshire against Suffolk. From 1990 to 1992, he represented the county in 17 Minor Counties Championship matches.
In 1991 he made his List-A debut for Cambridgeshire against Kent in the 1st round of the 1991 NatWest Trophy. His second and final List-A match for the county came against Northamptonshire in the 1st round of the 1992 NatWest Trophy.
In the 1999 NatWest Trophy, he played a single List-A for Huntingdonshire against Bedfordshire. In his 3 career List-A matches, he scored 23 runs at a batting average of 11.50 and a high score of 18*.

## Family

His nephew Jon Cade made a single List-A appearance for Huntingdonshire in 2001.
# Kresy, Łódź Voivodeship

Kresy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Jo-Anne Beaumier

Jo-Anne Claude Beaumier (Arabic: جو ان كلود بومييه; born 10 April 1996) is a footballer who plays as a defender for Canadian club Révolution FC.
Beaumier was born in Canada to a Canadian father and a Lebanese mother. She obtained Lebanese citizenship through naturalization in order to represent Lebanon internationally.

## Club career

In 2022, Beaumier played for Révolution FC in Canada.
# Chuck Corgan

Charles Howard Corgan (December 4, 1902 – June 13, 1928) was an American professional baseball and football player. In baseball, he played the infield for the Brooklyn Robins during the 1925 and 1927 seasons. He also played football for the Kansas City Blues/Cowboys, Hartford Blues and New York Giants from 1924 to 1927. He attended college at the University of Arkansas. He died from cancer in 1928.

## Early life

Corgan was born in 1902 in Wagoner, Oklahoma. He attended Wagoner High School, where he played baseball, basketball and football. He had six siblings, including four brothers, all of whom played baseball at Wagoner High School. His brother Marsh played baseball in the Western Association before being elected Wagoner County Sheriff and becoming the youngest sheriff in the nation. His brother Roy played and managed in the Western Association.
Corgan played college football at the University of Arkansas. He played end on the same team as Wagoner native Elza T. Renfro. Corgan and Renfro also played basketball together for Arkansas.

## Career

Between 1924 and 1927, Corgan played 30 games as an end or blocking back in the National Football League for the Kansas City Blues/Cowboys, Hartford Blues and New York Giants.
Corgan's baseball career began to attract attention in the Western League in 1925. The Brooklyn Robins purchased his contract that year. He played 33 major league games for the Robins, mostly as a second baseman or shortstop, in 1925 and 1927. He reported to spring training before the 1928 season, but he had developed abdominal cancer and was too ill to continue playing. He was hospitalized in Rochester in early summer, but he went home to Wagoner a few days before he died on June 13, 1928.
# Susan Short

Susan E. Short is the Robert E. Turner Distinguished Professor of Population Studies at Brown University who is known for her work on how gender, family, health and well-being are effected by social and political environments.

## Education

Short received her B.A. in Human Biology from Stanford University in 1986. She earned a Master's (1994) and a Ph.D. (1997) from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

## Career

After receiving her PhD in 1997, Short began in her role as assistant professor at Brown University. Short served as a visiting scholar at the National University of Lesotho from 2003 to 2004 studying the AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, she was a visiting scientist at Harvard School of Public Health from 2008 to 2010. From 2011 to 2014, Short was Director of Graduate Studies for the Sociology Department at Brown University. In 2022, she was named the Robert E. Turner Distinguished Professor of Population Studies at Brown University.

## Research

Short's research highlights changing social and political environments and their implications for family dynamics, gender, health, and well-being. Her research examines a variety of issues, including, economic reform and the one child policy in China, the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Lesotho, and changes in the organization of women's work and parenting in the United States.

## Selected publications

* Short, Susan E; Mollborn, Stefanie (2015-10-01). "Social determinants and health behaviors: conceptual frames and empirical advances". Current Opinion in Psychology. 5: 78–84. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.05.002. ISSN 2352-250X. PMC 4511598. PMID 26213711.
* Torr, Berna Miller; Short, Susan E. (2004). "Second Births and the Second Shift: A Research Note on Gender Equity and Fertility". Population and Development Review. 30 (1): 109–130. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2004.00005.x. ISSN 0098-7921.
* Short, Susan E.; Yang, Yang Claire; Jenkins, Tania M. (2013). "Sex, Gender, Genetics, and Health". American Journal of Public Health. 103 (S1): S93 – S101. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301229. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 3786754. PMID 23927517.
* Short, Susan E.; Fengying, Zhai (1998). "Looking Locally at China's One-Child Policy". Studies in Family Planning. 29 (4): 373–387. doi:10.2307/172250. ISSN 0039-3665. JSTOR 172250. PMID 9919631.

## Awards and honors

In 2016, Short was elected to the Sociological Research Association. Short was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2020.
# Bill Bushby

William John Bushby (born 26 September 1935) is an English former cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Southwick, Sussex.
Bushby made his debut for Bedfordshire against Shropshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship. He played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1961 to 1975, making 80 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1967 Gillette Cup. He made 5 further List A appearances, the last of which came against Lancashire in the 1973 Gillette Cup. In his 6 List A matches, he scored 110 runs at an average of 27.50, with a high score of 80 not out. This score was against Essex in the 1971 Gillette Cup. With the ball, he took 4 wickets at a bowling average of 56.00, with best figures of 2/10.
# Descending perineum syndrome

Descending perineum syndrome (also known as levator plate sagging) refers to a condition where the perineum "balloons" several centimeters below the bony outlet of the pelvis during strain, although this descent may happen without straining. The syndrome was first described in 1966 by Parks et al.

## Signs and symptoms

Abnormal descent of the perineum may be asymptomatic, but otherwise the following may feature:
* perineodynia (perineal pain)
* Colo-proctological symptoms, e.g. obstructed defecation, dyschesia (constipation), or degrees of fecal incontinence
* gynaecological symptoms, e.g. cystocele (prolapse of the bladder into the vagina) and rectocele (prolapse of the rectum into the vagina)
* lower urinary tract symptoms, e.g. dysuria (painful urination), dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse), urinary incontinence and urgency
Other researchers concluded that abnormal perineal descent did not correlate with constipation or perineal pain, and there are also conflicting reports of the correlation of fecal incontinence with this condition.

## Cause

One of the main causes is suggested to be excessive and repetitive straining during defecation. Other causes include weakness of the pelvic floor muscles (secondary to age-related neuropathic degeneration or traumatic injury during pregnancy and labor.

## Diagnosis

Diagnosis is by rectal examination. A specialized tool called a "Perineocaliper" can be used to measure the descent of the perineum. A retro anal ultrasound scan may demonstrate the condition. "Anti sagging tests", whereby the abnormal descent is corrected temporarily, may help to show whether symptoms are due to descending perineum syndrome or are in fact due to another condition.
Normally, the anal margin lies just below a line drawn between the coccyx (tailbone) and the pubic symphysis. In descending perineum syndrome the anal canal is situated several cm below this imaginary line, or it descends 3–4 cm during straining.
Defecography may also demonstrate abnormal perineal descent.

## Treatment

Surgical treatments may be used to treat the condition, and include retro-rectal levatorplasty, post-anal repair, retro-anal levator plate myorrhaphy.

## Epidemiology

The condition mainly occurs in women, and it is thought by some to be one of the main defects encountered problem in perineology.
# Bobby Thompson (American football coach)

Bobby Thompson (born August 2, 1937) is a former American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served at the head football coach at Northwestern Oklahoma State University in 1974 and two stints as the head football coach at Fort Hays State University in Hays, Kansas, from 1979 to 1980 and again in 1984, compiling a career college football coaching record of 16–23–2. He was the athletic director at Fort Hays State from 1980 to 1981, the University of South Dakota from 1981 to 1982, the University of Nebraska Omaha from 1985 to 1988, and University of Texas at San Antonio (USTA) from 1988 to 1999.
Thompson was born on August 2, 1937, in Guthrie, Oklahoma, and attended Guthrie High School there. He played football and baseball at Eastern Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College—now known as Eastern Oklahoma State College—in Wilburton, Oklahoma and at Adams State College—now known as Adams State University—in Alamosa, Colorado.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Northwestern Oklahoma State Rangers (Oklahoma Intercollegiate Conference) (1974) ||||||
| 1974 | Northwestern Oklahoma State | 7–3 | 2–2 | 3rd |
| Northwestern Oklahoma State: | Northwestern Oklahoma State: | 7–3 | 2–2 | |
| Fort Hays State Tigers (Central States Intercollegiate Conference) (1979–1980) ||||||
| 1979 | Fort Hays State | 5–6 | 3–4 | T–3rd |
| 1980 | Fort Hays State | 4–4–2 | 3–2–2 | T–3rd |
| Fort Hays State Tigers (Central States Intercollegiate Conference) (1984) ||||||
| 1984 | Fort Hays State | 0–10 | 0–7 | 8th |
| Fort Hays State: | Fort Hays State: | 9–20–2 | 6–13–2 | |
| Total: | Total: | 16–23–2 | | |
# Nomatsiguenga language

Nomatsiguenga (Matsigenka) is an Arawakan language of Peru. It is close enough to Machiguenga to sometimes be considered dialects of a single language, especially given that both are spoken by the Machiguenga people. Most speakers are monolingual.

## Phonology

According to Lawrence, Nomatsiguenga has the following consonant and vowel phonemes.
Nomatsiguenga consonants :
| | | Bilabial | Dental | Alveo- palatal | Velar | Glottal | Unspecified |
| Nasal | Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | | ŋ ⟨ng, n⟩ | | N ⟨n, m⟩ |
| Stop | Voiceless | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | | k ⟨k⟩ | | |
| Stop | Voiced | b ⟨b⟩ | | | g ⟨g⟩ | | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | s ⟨s⟩ | ʃ ⟨sh⟩ | | h ⟨h⟩ | |
| Affricate | Affricate | | ts ⟨ts⟩ | tʃ ⟨ch⟩ | | | |
| Liquid | Liquid | | | ɾ ⟨r⟩ | | | |
| Semivowel | Semivowel | | | j ⟨y⟩ | | | |
The archiphoneme ⟨N⟩ is the only consonant that can appear word-medially or in a syllable coda.
Nomatsiguenga vowels :
| | Front | Front | Central | Central | Back | Back |
| High | i ⟨i⟩ | iː ⟨ii⟩ | ɨi ⟨ë⟩ | | | |
| Mid | e ⟨e⟩ | eː ⟨ee⟩ | | | o ⟨o⟩ | oː ⟨oo⟩ |
| Low | | | a ⟨a⟩ | aː ⟨aa⟩ | | |
The diphthong /ɨi/ does not have a long counterpart, nor does it pattern with the other phonemic diphthongs.
Nomatsiguenga has three phonemic diphthongs: /ai/, /ei/, and /oi/.

## Grammar

Nomatsiguenga is one of the few languages in the world that has two different causative mechanisms to denote whether the causer was involved in the activity with the causee or not. The prefix ogi- is used to express the idea that the causer was not involved in the activity, while the suffix -hag is used when the causer is involved.
y-ogi-monti-ë-ri
3MSG-CAUS1-cross.river-NFUT-3MSG
i-tomi
3MSG-son
y-ogi-monti-ë-ri i-tomi
3MSG-CAUS1-cross.river-NFUT-3MSG 3MSG-son
"He made his son cross the river (he told him to)."
y-monti-a-hag-ë-ri
3MSG-cross.river-E-CAUS2-NFUT-3MSG
i-tomi
3MSG-son
y-monti-a-hag-ë-ri i-tomi
3MSG-cross.river-E-CAUS2-NFUT-3MSG 3MSG-son
"He made his son cross the river (he helped him across)."
# John Bush (English cricketer)

John Edgar Bush (20 August 1928 – 1 June 2015) was an English cricketer in the 1950s.
Bush was born in Oxford, Oxfordshire. He attended Magdalen College School, Oxford, before going on to Magdalen College at Oxford University. A right-handed batsman, he made his first-class debut for Oxford University against the Free Foresters in 1950. He played 7 further first-class matches for the University, the last coming against Cambridge University in 1952. In his 8 first-class matches, he scored 417 runs at a batting average of 29.78, with a high score of 67. This came against Middlesex in 1952.
Bush made his debut for Oxfordshire before playing for Oxford University, first appearing in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire. Bush played Minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire from 1949 to 1973 which included 139 Minor Counties Championship matches. He made his only List A appearance for Oxfordshire against Cambridgeshire in the 1967 Gillette Cup. In this match he scored 14 runs before being dismissed by Alan Wilson.
He was a schoolmaster at St Lawrence College, Ramsgate, from 1956 until his retirement in 1988.
# Ibn Abi Usaybi'a

Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa Muʾaffaq al-Dīn Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad Ibn Al-Qāsim Ibn Khalīfa al-Khazrajī (Arabic: ابن أبي أصيبعة‎; 1203–1270), commonly referred to as Ibn Abi Usaibia (also Usaibi'ah, Usaybea, Usaibi`a, Usaybiʿah, etc.), was a physician from Syria in the 13th century CE. He compiled a biographical encyclopedia of notable physicians, from the Greeks, Romans and Indians up to the year 650AH/1252AD in the Islamic era.

## Biography

Ibn Abi-Usaibi'a was born in Damascus, a member of the Arab Banu Khazraj tribe. The son of a physician, he studied medicine in Damascus and Cairo and In 1236, was appointed physician to a new hospital in Cairo, but the following year he took up an offer by ruler of Damascus, of a post in Salkhad, near Damascus, where he lived until his death. His only surviving work is Lives of the Physicians. In that work, he mentions another of his works, but it has not survived.

## Lives of the Physicians

The title in Arabic, Uyūn ul-Anbāʾ fī Ṭabaqāt al-Aṭibbā (Arabic: عيون الأنباء في طبقات الأطباء), is translatable loosely and expansively as "Sources of News on Classes of Physicians", commonly translated into English as History of Physicians, Lives of the Physicians, Classes of Physicians, or Biographical Encyclopedia of Physicians. The book opens with a summary of the physicians from ancient Greece, Syria, India and Rome but the main focus of the book's 700 pages is physicians of medieval Islam. A first version appeared in 1245–1246 and was dedicated to the Ayyubid physician and vizier Amīn al-Dawlah. A second and enlarged recension of the work was produced in the last years of the life of the author, and circulated in at least two different versions, as shown by the extant manuscripts.

### Editions

The text has been published five times in all. When the first edition by August Müller (Cairo, 1882), published under the pseudonym "Imrū l-Qays", was found to be marred by typos and errors and a corrected version was subsequently issued (Königsberg, 1884). Relying on Müller's work, Niẓār Riḍā published a non-critical edition of the text in Beirut in 1965, which was subsequently reworked by Qāsim Wahhāb for yet another edition issued in Beirut in 1997. ʿĀmir al-Najjār published his own critical edition (not based on Müller) in Cairo in 1996.
A team of scholars from the universities of Oxford and Warwick has published a new critical edition and a full annotated English translation of the Uyūn al-Anbā. Their work is available in Open Access at Brill Scholarly Editions.
In 2020, a new translation was published by Oxford World's Classics under the name Anecdotes and Antidotes: A Medieval Arabic History of Physicians.