OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Singh Krora Misl

The Singh Krora or Karorsinghia Misl, also known as the Panjgarhia Misl, was a Sikh Misl.

## History

Sardar Karora Singh Virk, resident of Barki (district Lahore) was the first chief of this Misl; earlier, Karora Singh was the deputy of the jatha led by Sirdar Sham Singh of village Narli (district Lahore); after the death of Sham Singh in 1739, Sardar Karam Singh Uppal (of village Pechgarh) became the chief of this Jatha; he too died in the early days of 1748 and Karora Singh became the chief of the Jatha.
In March 1748, when the Misls were formed, his jatha became a Misl; then this jatha came to be known as Karorsinghia Misl. Karora Singh had the command of 7-8 thousand horsemen; his first possessions were Hariana and Sham Churasi (in Hoshiarpur district); Karora Singh died in the Battle of Taravari in 1761.
Karora Singh was succeeded by Baghel Singh Dhaliwal of Jhabal (district Amritsar); Baghel Singh was fond of adventures; he left the Majha area and launched his actions in Karnal, Saharanpur and other areas of Gang-Doab; he was one of those five generals who unfurled blue Khalsa flag on Red Fort at Delhi on 11 March 1783.
Baghel Singh had an army of 30,000 soldiers; the ground where his army used to pitch its tents is still known as Tees Hazari (literally: associated with thirty thousands).
Baghel Singh died in 1802 without an heir. Jodh Singh and Sukhu Singh each claimed to be the chief of this Misl. During this interregnum, Baghel Singh's two widows, Ram Kaur and Rattan Kaur, ruled this Misl.

## Leaders

| No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Reign |
| 1 | Sham Singh (died 1739) | Sham Singh (died 1739) | | ? – 1739 |
| 2 | Karam Singh | Karam Singh | ? | ? |
| 3 | Karora Singh (died 1761) | Karora Singh (died 1761) | ? | ? – 1761 |
| 4 | Baghel Singh (died 1802) | Baghel Singh (died 1802) | | 1761 – 1802 |
| 5 (disputed) | Jodh Singh (born 1751) | Sukhu Singh | ? | 1802 – ? |
# Wila Frank

Wila Frank, (/wɪlə/ WILLA; born Wilhelmina Frankzerda; April 2, 1998) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer known for her ethereal and cinematic folk music. Her debut album, Black Cloud, has been lauded for its emotional depth and intricate compositions.

## Early life

Wila Frank grew up immersed in music and nature, which heavily influenced her artistic sensibilities. Her upbringing in a rural environment fostered a connection to themes of grief, spirituality, and the natural world, recurring motifs in her music.

## Career
### Debut Album: Black Cloud

Frank released her debut album, Black Cloud, in 2023. The album explores themes of loss, resilience, and human connection, combining lush instrumentation with poignant lyrics. Tracks such as "Black Cloud" and "Oh, Fate" have been highlighted for their haunting melodies and evocative storytelling.

### Style and Influences

Frank's solo work is often described as "cinematic folk," blending traditional acoustic elements with modern production techniques. Her songwriting draws from personal experiences and reflects on universal themes such as grief and renewal. She cites nature as both a spiritual and artistic influence, often describing her creative process as a "religion of nature."

## Paper Wings

In addition to her solo work, Frank is one half of the Americana duo Paper Wings. The duo, blends modern and traditional folk influences, and has released multiple albums and been praised for honoring folk traditions while crafting a contemporary sound.

## Discography
### Solo

* 2023: Black Cloud
* 2024: Agua Verde EP

### Paper Wings

* 2017: Paper Wings
* 2019: Clementine
* 2024: Listen to the World Spin

## Critical Reception

Wila Frank's debut album, Black Cloud, has garnered attention for its emotional resonance and intricate compositions. NPR featured Frank in a music mix alongside artists Rufus Wainwright and PJ Harvey, describing her work as "ethereal and cinematic," with the title track "Black Cloud" noted for its haunting beauty and depth.
Under the Radar praised the album's storytelling, emphasizing its ability to evoke both intimacy and universality, while Enigma called it "cinematic" and "introspective with scalpel-like precision."
# Indian tent turtle

The Indian tent turtle (Pangshura tentoria) is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is found in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.

## Description

P. tentoria is a small species of turtle, growing to a maximum straight carapace length of 27 cm (11 in).

## Subspecies

Three subspecies of P. tentoria are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
* Pangshura tentoria tentoria (Gray, 1834)
* Pangshura tentoria circumdata (Mertens, 1969)
* Pangshura tentoria flaviventer (Günther, 1864)
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Pangshura.

## Geographic range

P. tentoria is found in Peninsular India, Nepal, and Bangladesh at elevations below 80 m (260 ft) asl.
* P. t. tentoria – Mahanadi and Godavari river drainages in India (country endemic)
* P. t. circumdata – upper and central Ganges river drainage in India and southern Nepal
* P. t. flaviventer – lower Ganges drainage in Bangladesh, India, and southern Nepal
Type locality: "in Indiae Orientalis regione Dukhun [=Deccan] dicta "; restricted by M.A. Smith 1931: 128, to "Dhond, Poona Dist.", India.

## Habitat

P. tentoria is primarily a riverine turtle that occurs in both small and large rivers. They bask on rocks and tree snags. Females are largely herbivores while males and juveniles are more carnivorous.

## Reproduction

P. tentoria is oviparous.
# John Whyatt

Sir John Whyatt (13 April 1905 – 14 March 1978) was a colonial judge who served as Chief Justice of Singapore from 1955 to 1958.

## Early life and education

Whyatt was born on 13 April 1905. He was educated at Stonyhurst College and Balliol College, Oxford.

## Career

Whyatt joined the colonial legal service in 1937 and went to Hong Kong as Assistant Crown Solicitor, and in the following year was appointed Crown Counsel, Hong Kong. In 1941, he was seconded to the Eastern Group Supply Council in India as Secretary. In 1944, he returned to Hong Kong and served with the planning department at the Colonial Office. The following year, he went to Australia as supplies officer for the Colonial Office in Australia, and served as adviser to the British representative of UNRRA at its meeting in Sydney. In 1946, he returned to Hong Kong as Custodian of Energy Property.
Whyatt served as Attorney-General of Barbados in 1948, and from 1951 to 1955, he was Attorney General of Kenya and Minister for Legal Affairs. During the Kenya Emergency, he faced exceptional challenges as government member for law and order dealing with unrest and crime. In order to tackle the large number of prosecution cases accumulating, his responsibility for the police force was transferred to the Chief Secretary. In 1955, he was appointed Chief Justice of Singapore and remained in the post until his retirement in 1958.
In 1961, Whyatt was recalled from retirement to serve as President of the Committee of Justice set up to inquire into current procedures for handling citizens' grievances against the government and public bodies, and to consider improvements, with reference to the use of Ombudsman in Scandinavian countries, and he recommended in his report the appointment of a Parliamentary Commissioner to investigate such claims. In the same year, he was appointed judge of the Chief Court for the Persian Gulf and remained in the post until 1966, when he became Director of Studies of the Government Legal Officers course.

## Personal life and death

Whyatt married Margaret Stewart in 1936 and they had a son.
Whyatt died on 14 March 1978 in Sussex, aged 73.

## Honours

Whyatt was created a Knight Bachelor in the 1957 Birthday Honours.
# Al-Tulay'i

Al-Tulay'i (Arabic: الطليعي, also spelled Tli'i) is a village in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Tartus Governorate, southeast of Tartus. Nearby localities include Buwaydet al-Suwayqat to the north, al-Sisiniyah and al-Mitras to the northeast, Arzuna to the south, Kafr Fo to the southwest and al-Safsafah to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Sisiniyah had a population of 2,123 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.
# Kaff al-Hammam

Kaff al-Hammam (Arabic: كاف الحمام, also spelled Kaf al-Hamam) is a village and suburb in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Tartus Governorate, located southeast of Tartus. Nearby localities include Hammam Wasel to the northwest, al-Qadmus to the northeast, Hammam Qanyah and al-Riqama to the east, Brummanet al-Mashayekh to the southeast, al-Shaykh Badr to the south, Brummanet Raad to the southwest and al-Qamsiyah to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Kaff al-Hammam had a population of 372 in the 2004 census. The inhabitants of the village are predominantly Ismailis.
# Ynyslas

Ynyslas (Welsh for 'Green Island'; Welsh pronunciation:) is a small village about 1.5 miles north of Borth and 8 miles north of Aberystwyth, within the county of Ceredigion, Wales. It is sandwiched between a long sandy beach in Cardigan Bay and the beach in the Dyfi Estuary. The area between the sea and the estuary beach is made up of the Ynyslas Sand Dunes which are part of the Dyfi National Nature Reserve and home to many rare plants and animals. The sands of the estuary beach can be driven onto and parked upon. The nature reserve has a visitor centre with toilets and a small shop. At the start of some BBC1 programmes, it shows people flying kites on the sand dunes, this was filmed at Ynyslas.
The northern end of the Ceredigion Coast Path extends to the Dyfi Estuary National Nature Reserve at Ynyslas.

## Ecology

The Dyfi National Nature Reserve and the Ynyslas Sand Dunes are situated where the mouth of the Afon Leri joins the Dyfi Estuary at Ynyslas. Cors Fochno is situated to the east beyond the Afon Leri. At low tide the remains of an ancient submerged forest with stumps of petrified oak, pine, birch, willow and hazel are exposed on the beach.

## Railway

From 1867 Ynyslas had a railway station on the Cambrian Railways, with sidings serving the riverside wharves. The Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway proposed to create a narrow-gauge line to the wharves in the 1890s but this was never built. Ynyslas railway station was closed by the London Midland Region of British Railways on 14 June 1965.

## Recreation

Borth Rowing Club stores its boat at, and launches from the Ynyslas Boatyard on the banks of the Afon Leri.
The 18 hole golf course at the Borth & Ynyslas Golf Club stretches from Borth to Ynyslas.
Swimming is not allowed at Ynyslas in the sea or estuary, due to the dangerously strong currents.
Ynyslas was the home of the Aberystwyth Beach Cricket Society, under the name the Ynyslas Oval.
# Al-Dar al-Kabirah

Al-Dar al-Kabirah (Arabic: الدار الكبيرة, romanized: Al-Dār al-Kabīrāh, also spelled Dar al-Kabera) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, forming a northwestern suburb of Homs. Nearby localities include Khirbet al-Sawda to the west and al-Ghantu and Teir Maalah to the northeast. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Dar al-Kabirah had a population of 7,280 in the 2004 census. A significant portion of the inhabitants are Turkmens.
# Hong Thai Travel Services

Hong Thai Travel Services (Chinese: 康泰旅行社) was one of the largest travel agencies in Hong Kong. It was founded in 1966 and at its peak had employees in more than 30 sales offices, located in Hong Kong, Macao, China (Guangdong Province), United States, Canada, Thailand and Taiwan.

## History

Hong Thai Travel Services was founded in Hong Kong by Jackie Wong See Sum (黃士心) in 1966. Its primary business was booking of airline tickets, ferry tickets and offering services for inbound tourism. Its director was Jackie Wong See Sum and its general manager was his son Jason Wong Chun Tat (黃進達). The father-and-son pair ceased to be primary shareholders in 2011, when they sold Hong Thai's majority of shares to HNA Group, who sold Hong Thai to the Chinese tourism service group Caissa Tosun (凯撒旅业) in a 2019 restructuring. Under the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, Caissa Tosun liquidated Hong Thai in October 2022, citing its negative net asset value of over 68 million Chinese yuan reported by the end of June.

## Incident

On August 23, 2010, a twelve-hour-long hostage incident on one of the company's buses in Manila, Philippines, occurred. Twenty-five people, part of a tour group from Hong Kong, were taken hostage on a bus by the gunman, Rolando Mendoza, a former police officer. Eight of them were killed, seven injured while six left the scene unharmed. Mendoza was shot in the head and killed by the police.
# Czech Republic women's national cricket team

The Czech Republic national women's cricket team is the team that represents Czech Republic in international women's cricket. In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches that will be played between Czech Republic women and other ICC members after 1 July 2018 have been eligible for full WT20I status. Czech Republic played their first ever WT20I on 8 June 2024 against Austria.

## Records and statistics

International Match Summary — Czech Republic Women
Last updated 16 June 2024
Playing Record :
| Format | M | W | L | T | NR | Inaugural Match |
| Twenty20 Internationals | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 8 June 2024 |

### Twenty20 International

* Highest team total: 120/6 v Croatia on 14 June 2024 at Vinoř Cricket Ground, Prague, Czech Republic.
* Highest individual score: 52, Tereza Kolcunova v Croatia on 15 June 2024 at Vinoř Cricket Ground, Prague, Czech Republic.
* Best individual bowling figures: 4/17, Sarka Kolcunova v Austria on 9 June 2024 at Seebarn Cricket Ground, Austria.
T20I record versus other nations
Records complete to WT20I #1926. Last updated 16 June 2024.
| Opponent | M | W | L | T | NR | First match |
| ICC Associate members ||||||||
| Austria | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 June 2024 |
| Croatia | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 June 2024 |
| Gibraltar | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 June 2024 |
# Garon (surname)

Garon is a French surname. It is derived from the Germanic personal name Garo, meaning "ready", as well as from places in the Loire and Rhône departments.

## People with the name

* Alban Garon (1930–2007), Canadian judge
* Garon Whited author of the "Nightlord" series
* Jesse Garon Presley (1935), Twin brother of Elvis Aaron Presley, creator of Rockabilly music.
* Jean Garon (1938–2014), Canadian politician, lawyer, academic and economist
* Jesse Garon (musician) (born 1962), French singer-songwriter
* Joseph Garon (1814–1890), Canadian notary and politician
* Mathieu Garon (born 1978), Canadian ice hockey player
* Paul Garon, American author, writer and editor
* Pauline Garon (1900–1965), Canadian-born American silent film actress
* Sheldon Garon, American historian
* Timothy Garon (1951–2008), American singer-songwriter
# Shiriya

Shiriya is a village in the Kasaragod district of Kerala, India. Shiriya is composed of several smaller villages, those being Shiriya, Shiriya kunnil, Muttam-gate, and Olayam.

## Geography

Shiriya is in Manjeshwaram Taluk which is the northernmost taluk in both Kasaragod district and the state of Kerala. The town is situated on the coast of the Lakshadweep Sea, at the mouth of the Shiriya River. A rail line and National Highway 66 pass through the town.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census, Shiriya census town had a population of 5,277, where 2,403 are male and 2,874 are female. It covered an area of 400 hectares and had 974 households in that year. 818 people, roughly 15% of the town's population, were at or below the age of 6 in 2011. Although the two official languages of the region are Malayalam and English, people in Shiriya also speak Tulu, Beary, and Konkani. Migrant workers also speak Hindi language.

## Administration

Shiriya is within Manjeshwar State Assembly constituency, and Kasaragod Lok Sabha constituency.
# Taldou District

Taldou District (Arabic: منطقة تلدو, romanized: manṭiqat Taldou) is a district of the Homs Governorate in central Syria. Administrative centre is the town of Taldou. The Northwestern Quadrant of the District is within Wadi al-Nasara, an Antiochian Greek Orthodox population region and cultural area. Krak Des Chevaliers, a famous Crusader Castle, is in the northwesternmost edge of the district.
The district was formed in 2010 from three sub-districts formerly belonging to Homs District. At the 2004 census, these sub-districts had a total population of 90,139.

## Sub-districts

The district of Taldou is divided into three sub-districts or nawāḥī (population as of 2004):
* Taldou Subdistrict (ناحية تلدو): population 71,503.
* Kafr Laha Subdistrict (ناحية كفرلاها): population 20,041.
* Al-Qabu Subdistrict (ناحية القبو): population 18,636.
# 2024 Open de Oeiras II

The 2024 Open de Oeiras II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 11th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Oeiras, Portugal between 13 and 18 May 2024.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| USA | Alex Michelsen | 69 | 1 |
| USA | Zachary Svajda | 122 | 2 |
| USA | Emilio Nava | 124 | 3 |
| CZE | Vít Kopřiva | 127 | 4 |
| RSA | Lloyd Harris | 128 | 5 |
| ARG | Román Andrés Burruchaga | 149 | 6 |
| USA | Patrick Kypson | 150 | 7 |
| JPN | Shintaro Mochizuki | 157 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 6 May 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Gastão Elias
* Jaime Faria
* Henrique Rocha
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as special exempts:
* Jacopo Berrettini
* Gauthier Onclin
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Dan Added
* Adrian Andreev
* Frederico Ferreira Silva
* Juan Pablo Ficovich
* Lukas Neumayer
* Dmitry Popko

## Champions
### Singles

* Jaime Faria def. Elias Ymer 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$, 6–4.

### Doubles

* Anirudh Chandrasekar / Arjun Kadhe def. Simon Freund / Johannes Ingildsen 7–5, 6–4.
# Umm al-'Adam

Umm al-'Adam (Arabic: أُمُّ الْعِظَام, also spelled Ümmü’l-İzâm) is a village in northern Syria located northwest of Homs in the Homs Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Umm al-'Adam had a population of 1,930 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.
# Umm al-Qasab

Umm al-Qasab (Arabic: أم القصب, romanized: Umm al-Kāsāb, also spelled Umm al-Kasab) is a village in northern Syria located northwest of Homs in the Homs Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Umm al-Qasab had a population of 904 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Turkmens.
# Wujuh al-Hajar

Wujuh al-Hajar (Arabic: وجه الحجر, also spelled Woojeh al-Hajjar) is a village in western Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, southwest of Homs. It is situated near the border with Lebanon to the south, and nearby localities include Khirbet al-Ghazi to the northeast and Laftaya to the northwest. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Wujuh al-Hajar had a population of 831 in the 2004 census.
# Further Adventures of Lucky Jim

Further Adventures of Lucky Jim or The New Adventures of Lucky Jim is a comedy television series which first aired on BBC1 in 1967. Inspired by the novel Lucky Jim by Kingsley Amis, it updates the story from the early 1950s of the novel to mid-1960s Swinging London. It stars Keith Barron as the young university lecturer Jim Dixon. The scriptwriters wrote a belated sequel The Further Adventures of Lucky Jim starring Enn Reitel in 1982.
The majority of the episodes are now considered lost. In 2024 audio recordings were found for several missing episodes from the series. These episodes are entitled 'Jim's In', 'Jim Cleans Up', 'Look Why Don't We Go Back To My Place?' and 'Jim Freaks Out'.
Other actors who appeared in the series include Suzy Kendall, Nerys Hughes, John Le Mesurier, Francis Matthews, Eunice Gayson, John Junkin, Donald Hewlett, William Kendall, Robert Raglan, Felix Bowness, Janina Faye, Patrick Newell, Diana King and Michael Balfour.

## Main cast

* Keith Barron as Jim Dixon
* Colin Jeavons as Brian
# 2024 Dutch Open

The 2024 Dutch Open, also known by its sponsored name Van Mossel Kia Dutch Open, was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the Challenger tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Amersfoort, Netherlands between 15 and 21 July 2024.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ARG | Juan Manuel Cerúndolo | 139 | 1 |
| AUT | Jurij Rodionov | 152 | 2 |
| LIB | Benjamin Hassan | 154 | 3 |
| FRA | Matteo Martineau | 170 | 4 |
| BOL | Hugo Dellien | 171 | 5 |
| HUN | Zsombor Piros | 181 | 6 |
| BEL | Joris De Loore | 191 | 7 |
| POL | Kamil Majchrzak | 192 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 1 July 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Alec Deckers
* Guy den Ouden
* Max Houkes
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a special exempt:
* Hugo Dellien
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as an alternate:
* Álvaro Guillén Meza
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Mathys Erhard
* Matheus Pucinelli de Almeida
* Santiago Rodríguez Taverna
* Jelle Sels
* Deney Wassermann
* Alexey Zakharov
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Elmer Møller

## Champions
### Singles

* Tomás Barrios Vera def. Alexey Zakharov 6–2, 6–1.

### Doubles

* Marcelo Demoliner / Guillermo Durán def. Jay Clarke / David Stevenson 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 6–4.
# Transforming growth factor

Transforming growth factor (, or TGF) is used to describe two classes of polypeptide growth factors, TGFα and TGFβ.
The name "Transforming Growth Factor" is somewhat arbitrary, since the two classes of TGFs are not structurally or genetically related to one another, and they act through different receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, they do not always induce cellular transformation, and are not the only growth factors that induce cellular transformation.

## Types

* TGFα is upregulated in some human cancers. It is produced in macrophages, brain cells, and keratinocytes, and induces epithelial development. It belongs to the EGF family.
* TGFβ exists in three known subtypes in humans, TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3. These are upregulated in Marfan's syndrome and some human cancers, and play crucial roles in tissue regeneration, cell differentiation, embryonic development, and regulation of the immune system. Isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) are also thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. They belong to the transforming growth factor beta family. TGFβ receptors are single pass serine/threonine kinase receptors.

## Function

These proteins were originally characterized by their capacity to induce oncogenic transformation in a specific cell culture system, rat kidney fibroblasts. Application of the transforming growth factors to normal rat kidney fibroblasts induces the cultured cells to proliferate and overgrow, no longer subject to the normal inhibition caused by contact between cells.
# Randy Burchell

Randy Burchell (born July 2, 1955) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender.
During the 1976–77 season Burchell played five games in the World Hockey Association (WHA) with the Indianapolis Racers.