OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mandisa Makesini

Mandisa Makesini (born 20 September 1975) is a South African politician who has been a Permanent Delegate to the National Council of Provinces from the Free State since 2024. She previously served in the Free State Provincial Legislature and in the National Assembly of South Africa. Makesini is a former provincial chairperson of the Economic Freedom Fighters.

## Political career

Makesini was elected to the Free State Provincial Legislature in the 2014 general election alongside Jacob Tshabalala as one of two members of the Economic Freedom Fighters . At the EFF's provincial conference in September 2018, Makesini was elected provincial chairperson of the EFF, defeating incumbent Kgotso Morapela by three votes. On her election, Makesini said that it was a sign that patriarchy was being defeated.
Makesini was re-elected to a second term in the provincial legislature in 2019. She unsuccessfully sought re-election as EFF provincial chairperson at the party's conference in November 2022, losing to Mapheule Liphoko in a vote that went 343 for Liphoko and 278 votes for Makesini. EFF President Julius Malema lamented her loss, criticising the delegates for not electing a woman as provincial chairperson.
Makesini resigned from the provincial legislature in January 2023 and was replaced by Liphoko. She was subsequently sworn in as a member of the National Assembly of South Africa on 8 February 2023.
Following the 2024 general election, Makesini was appointed to take up a seat in the National Council of Provinces where she represents the Free State as the sole EFF member of the provincial delegation.
# Richard Madge

Richard John Palmer Madge (19 December 1914 – 22 November 1996) was an English rugby union player.
Born in Exeter, Madge served with the Royal Artillery during the war, before getting called up by England at the back end of his career. He was capped four times as England scrum-half in 1948, debuting against the Wallabies at Twickenham. A knee ligament injury, suffered nine minutes into a Five Nations match against Scotland, ended his run in the side and ruled him out for the remainder of the season.
Madge, a surveyor by profession, was managing director of a building firm.
# Humphrey Luya

Humphrey Fleetwood Luya (3 February 1918 – 9 May 2008) was an English international rugby union player.
Luya was born in West Derby, Liverpool, and educated at Merchant Taylors' Boys' School.
After joining the Royal Artillery in 1939, Luya served in North Africa during the early stages of World War II. He was captured in 1941 while fighting in Crete and held at the Stalag XVIII-A prisoner of war camp outside Wolfsburg, Austria, before being transferred to Oflag IX-A/H in central Germany. With Russian troops advancing in 1945, Luya and his fellow prisoners were marched out of camp by the Germans and he made a successful escape by bolting into the woods, along with Lieutenant Colonel George Kennard. They were discovered two-days later by American soldiers, who needed to be talked out of shooting the two blond-haired Britons, having initially believed they were Germans in disguise.
Luya, a Waterloo player both sides of the war, was in the Lancashire-Cheshire representative side which defeated the 1947–48 Wallabies tourists and gained his first England call up for the 1948 Five Nations, replacing former captain Joe Mycock. A lock, Luya was capped five times for England, all in Five Nations fixtures. He had two years as captain of Leeds club Headingley and won three County Championships with Lancashire.
# Rob Lozowski

Robert Angelo Peter Lozowski (born 18 November 1960) is an English former rugby union player. He played for Wasps, and was capped by England in 1984 against Australia. He played 263 1st XV games for Wasps and was club captain in the 1988/89 season. He also played for the Barbarians whom he captained against Swansea in 1990. He also represented England at Under 23 and 'A' level between 1984 and 1990. His son Alex is currently a professional rugby player at Saracens.
# Douglas Law

Douglas Edward Law (12 October 1902 – 13 July 1986) was an English international rugby union player.

## Biography

Law was born in Huddersfield and educated at Birkenhead School.
Primarily a hooker, Law played his rugby with Birkenhead Park, which he captained for multiple seasons. He was a durable player, not missing a single club match or Cheshire fixture in a period between 1923 and 1927. His solitary England cap came against Ireland at Twickenham in the 1927 Five Nations. Later that year, Law toured Argentina with the British Lions and played all four matches against the Pumas, forming a front-row beside Arthur Allen and Charles Payne.
# Julio Montt

Julio Felipe Montt Momberg (born 27 April 1926 − 16 September 2019) was a Chilean politician who served as minister of State under Patricio Aylwin's government (1994–2000).
# Phil Judd (rugby union)

Philip Edward Judd (8 April 1934 – 14 June 2015) was an England international rugby union player and captain.
Judd was capped twenty-two times for England as a prop between 1963 and 1966. He captained England in his last five internationals, including the 1967 Five Nations Championship.
Judd began his rugby career playing for Broadstreet RFC before progressing to play for his city side Coventry.
# Jeremy Janion

Jeremy Paul Aubrey George Janion (born 25 September 1946) was a rugby union international wing who represented England in twelve matches between 1971 and 1975.
Janion was educated at St. Edmund's College, Ware. He played for Saffron Walden, Bedford and London Counties before beginning his test career with an appearance for England U-25s against Fiji in 1970. He later left Bedford for Richmond from where he won the last of his England caps. He was a member of the Richmond team that won the Middlesex Sevens in 1974 and then played for Eastern Counties in the 1975 County Championship final.
# John Hyde (rugby union)

John Phillip Hyde (born 8 June 1930) is an English former international rugby union player.
Raised in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, Hyde was educated at Wellingborough Grammar School. He enlisted in the Army after leaving school and served in the Northamptonshire Regiment.
Hyde, Northampton RFC and East Midlands county player, appeared as a winger for England in two 1950 Five Nations Championship matches, debuting aged 19 against France at Colombes.
# Wally Holmes (rugby union)

Wally Holmes (1925 – 2009) was an English rugby union player, who represented England, and also played for the Barbarians.
Born Walter Alan Holmes on 10 September 1925 in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, he attended the town's Vicorage Street School and Higham Lane School, before working as a Bevin Boy during World War II. He would later work as an engineer for Morris Motors and Massey Ferguson. He joined Nuneaton R.F.C. (known locally as the Nuns) in 1944, and enjoyed a twenty-five year playing career with them. In 1950 he was called up to play for England, and represented them in fifteen international matches. He also played eight matches with the Barbarians, and during his career was capped sixteen times.
At the time of his death on 6 April 2009, his grandson Gary was the first team captain of Nuneaton R.F.C.
In 2010 the Coventry Telegraph reported that an England shirt worn by Holmes during his international rugby career was discovered to be for sale at a shop in Neutral Bay, Sydney, Australia for $AS5,000 (roughly £3,000).
# Reg Higgins

Reginald "Reg" Higgins (11 July 1930, in Widnes – 1979 (aged 48–49), in Frodsham) was a British international rugby union player.
He was born in Widnes, Lancashire and played as a flanker for Liverpool rugby club. He was capped thirteen times for England between 1954 and 1959. He also took part in the British Lions tour of South Africa, playing in the first test match. Although the Lions won the game 23-22, Higgins was carried off the field with a broken leg.
# Ted Hewitt (rugby union)

Edwin Newbury Hewitt (22 April 1924 – June 2003) was an English international rugby union player.
Hewitt grew up near Coundon Road Stadium in Coventry and was educated at Barkers Butts School.
A fullback, Hewitt was capped for England in three 1951 Five Nations matches, against Wales, Ireland and France. He was also a Warwickshire representative player and competed at club level with Coventry, which he captained.
Hewitt retired to Spain, where he died in 2003.
# Brzeziny, Kutno County

Brzeziny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żychlin, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Żychlin, 22 km (14 mi) east of Kutno, and 49 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Cliff Harrison

Arthur Clifford Harrison (10 May 1911 – 29 June 2003) was an English international rugby union player.
Born and raised in Hartlepool, Harrison learned his rugby at Galleys Field School.
Harrison, a pacy winger, captained his hometown club Hartlepool Rovers. He became a Durham regular from his debut at age 18 and made 49 appearances for the county. In 1931, Harrison was capped twice for England during the Five Nations, debuting in place of Carl Aarvold on the left wing against Ireland at Twickenham. He retained his place for their next match against Scotland at Murrayfield, before missing the final fixture in Paris with a dislocated shoulder.
# Brzozów, Skierniewice County

Brzozów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skierniewice, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Skierniewice and 45 km (28 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Dick Greenwood

John Richard Heaton Greenwood OBE (born 11 September 1940) is an English former rugby union player and coach. A flanker, he played for Waterloo, Cambridge University, Lancashire and England. He later coached Preston Grasshoppers and England.

## Biography

Greenwood was born in Chorley in Lancashire. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
He played for Waterloo, Cambridge University and Lancashire.
In 1966 he made his debut for England against Ireland at Twickenham. In total he won five international caps until 1969, serving as captain in his last game, again against Ireland. He never won a game for England, drawing one and losing four.
In 1973 he was sent to Kenya by the Rugby Football Union on a coaching assignment, and while there was selected to play for The Scorpions, an East African invitation team. After this assignment he moved to Italy to play for Rugby Roma from 1973 to 1976, becoming the Italian Championship's best try scorer in 1974 and 1975. So enamoured had he been by his time in Kenya that he persuaded his Italian club to tour East Africa in 1976.
After retiring from playing he coached Preston Grasshoppers. He was coach of England from 1983 to 1985, an unsuccessful period for the national team.
He remained president of Waterloo after his retirement. He is also involved in rugby league, serving as chairman and coaching the junior sides of Prestatyn and Rhyl Panthers since 2011, and is (as of 2015) on the board of directors of Wales Rugby League.
Greenwood was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to rugby.

## Personal life

Outside rugby, Greenwood was the Assistant Bursar and a geography teacher and head of rugby at Stonyhurst College.
Greenwood and his wife Sue have three children: one daughter and two sons, one of whom is Will Greenwood, who also played rugby for England. Sue is a retired teacher who taught mathematics at Stonyhurst St Mary's Hall for over two decades.
Greenwood caused embarrassment for Preston Grasshoppers Rugby Club in November 2021 when he arranged for Nigel Farage to speak at a sportsmans dinner at the club. When the club found out that the divisive former UKIP leader and Brexit campaigner was speaking, they cancelled the event. However, the story was covered widely by the national press after members tweeted that they were cutting up their membership cards in protest at the club being associated with Farage.
# Ronald Haley

Ronald William Robert Haley (29 November 1941 – 13 November 2023) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played one List A cricket match for Otago during the 1970–71 season.
Haley was born at Dunedin in 1941. He played age-group cricket for Otago during the 1964–65 season and Second XI matches for the representative side between 1965–66 and 1971–72 as well as playing for Dunedin Metropolitan. His only senior appearance for Otago came in February 1971 against the touring England Test side in a one-day match at Carisbrook, when Haley took two wickets, dismissing both opening batsmen, Brian Luckhurst and John Edrich.
Haley died in Dunedin in November 2023, aged 81.
# Maciejów, Zgierz County

Maciejów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Zgierz and 10 km (6 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Niwy, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

Niwy (German: Haideschäferei) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Karnice, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Karnice, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Gryfice, and 75 km (47 mi) north of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Charles F. Marvin

Charles Frederick Marvin (October 7, 1858 – June 5, 1943) was an American meteorologist and chief of the United States Weather Bureau from 1913 – 1934.

## Biography

Marvin was born in Putnam, Ohio. He graduated from Michigan State University in 1883 and, on September 1, 1884, joined the civilian corps of the United States Army Signal Service (which at the time carried out the duties of nation's first weather service) as a junior professor of meteorology. Following the transfer of the nation's weather service, by an Act of Congress, to the United States Department of Agriculture, on July 1, 1891, Marvin joined the newly created Weather Bureau as a professor of meteorology. All the men and duties relating to weather were transferred from the War Department. In 1913, upon the recommendation of the National Academy of Sciences, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Marvin chief of the Weather Bureau.
Marvin conducted important experiments for determining the amount of moisture in the air, invented instruments for automatically measuring and recording rainfall, snowfall, etc., and produced other advancements during the time when man first began the employment of powered aircraft.
Marvin wrote numerous pamphlets and papers published by the Weather Bureau. He contributed to the New International Encyclopedia.
Marvin was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1916.
He died at Doctors Hospital, Washington, D.C., after a month's illness.
# Hermitage Academy, Helensburgh

Hermitage Academy is a non-denominational secondary school in Helensburgh, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is one of two secondary schools in the Helensburgh area (the other being Lomond School) and is currently the largest secondary school in Argyll and Bute.
The school catchment area extends from the Firth of Clyde to Loch Lomond and the Rest and be thankful, including in addition to the town of Helensburgh the villages of Cardross, Rhu, Shandon, Garelochhead, Clynder, Rosneath, Kilcreggan, Arrochar, Tarbet and Luss and other rural areas. Since this catchment area straddles the Highland Boundary Fault Line, the school is uniquely both a Lowland and a Highland school.

## History

The school was originally located in East Argyle Street next to the current primary school. The first Gothic building, with four classrooms and a music room and an intended capacity of 500, opened in 1880. In 1966, after complaints of overcrowding, the secondary school was replaced by a new building at Campbell Drive, Helensburgh, but when this proved too small, a second building of equal capacity was built beside it. In February 2008 the school was again relocated to a new campus on the outskirts of the town. The school badge features the main entrance of the original Hermitage School.
Robert Williamson retired at the end of the school term in 2020. Prior to joining Hermitage in 2017, Mr Williamson was Head Teacher at Drumchapel High School. Mr Williamson replaced Geoff Urie, who retired in June 2017. The role was filled until October 2017 by David Mitchell, the substantive Head Teacher of Dunoon Grammar School.
Douglas Morgan took up the post of Acting Head Teacher in January 2021. He was appointed permanent Head Teacher in November 2022.
The school's motto is Nulla Virtus Sine Labore, which translates to Nothing Achieved Without Hard Work.
As of November 2018, the school had 1284 pupils and almost 100 teaching staff.

## Notable alumni

* Marco Biagi - former Minister of the Scottish Government
* Hazel Irvine - BBC sports presenter and journalist
* Ross King - Los Angeles correspondent on ITV morning shows Daybreak and Lorraine
* Nigel Healey - academic, currently Vice-President at the University of Limerick
* Stephen Park - former Team GB sailor and current performance director for British Cycling
* Derek Parlane - Rangers, Leeds United and Scotland footballer (1970–1988)
* Luke Patience - silver medallist sailor at the 2012 London Olympics
* Richard Tait - Creator of Cranium and former Microsoft employee of the year
* Very Rev Peter Donald Thomson - Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1934
* Tom Gallacher, Scottish playwright
* Lawrence Chaney, Drag Queen, winner of the second series of RuPaul's Drag Race UK
# Miłosz Horodyski

Miłosz Horodyski (born 1974 in Kraków) is an artist, painter, a Polish film director and television director, film producer, an academic teacher and journalist. He lives and works in Kraków as a journalist in a Polish Television TVP Kraków. He is also an academic teacher at Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków.

## Documentaries

* 2007 Czerwony maj
* 2007 Pałka i Konstytucja
* 2007 Hutnik- historia pisana powielaczem
* 2008 Tożsamość wolności
* 2008 Nowa Huta walczy!
* 2008 Niewidzialni drukarze
* 2009 Dymy nad Arką Pana ("The Smokes over the Ark of the Lord")
* 2009 Plotka pod dozorem specjalnym ("The Special supervision gosip")
# BIKINI state

The Bikini state was an alert state indicator previously used by the UK Ministry of Defence to warn of non-specific forms of threat, including civil disorder, terrorism or war. Signs giving the current alert state were displayed at the entrance to government buildings and military installations. It was established on 19 May 1970. According to the Ministry of Defence, the word "bikini" was randomly selected by a computer.
Whilst similar to the DEFCON (defence readiness condition) alert states used in the United States, the Bikini levels were defined by the section of the military or organisation rather than UK-wide, and as a result, countermeasures and reactions to differing states may differ as acutely as from building to building. The highest levels of alert, Red and Amber, were only intended to be maintained for limited times. The White state has rarely been used, and is only known to have been used for periods between the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 and 11 September 2001.
The system was illustrated in the British television drama Threads, produced by the BBC in 1984.
It was replaced by a more general and public terrorism alert status, the UK Threat Levels, an alert state system in use by the British government since 1 August 2006.

## Bikini alert states

(most serious at top) :
| RED | Information has been received about an attack on a specific target. It can also mean "red alert", meaning the United Kingdom is at war, especially if there is a likelihood of a nuclear strike. |
| AMBER | There has been specific information received and there is a substantial threat to government targets. It can also mean "high alert", which could be a transition to war. |
| BLACK SPECIAL SPECIAL | There is an increased likelihood of an attack, but no defined target. It can also mean "potential terrorist threat". |
| BLACK | There has been an assessment made that there is the possibility of an attack, but no defined target. It can also mean "possible civil unrest", meaning safety cannot be guaranteed. |
| WHITE | No information available about a specific threat. It can also mean "situation stable" |

## NATO military alert state

In addition to Bikini alerts that applied to individual installation NATO had a "Counter-Surprise" Military Alert System to mobilise its military forces.
NATO Counter-Surprise alert states (most serious at top) :
| SCARLET | Enemy attack expected within minutes (the alert may have been triggered by enemy aircraft penetrating NATO airspace). Deployment as ORANGE alert state where time permits, plus anti-aircraft weapons manned. Aircraft awaiting combat orders. |
| ORANGE | Triggered by Intelligence reports suggesting the enemy are preparing to launch an attack within 36 hours. NATO forces go to a high state of operational readiness. Communication networks, War Headquarters and C & R manned. Forces dispersed and moved to operational locations. |
# John Shepperd (cricketer)

John Shepperd (born 8 May 1937) is a former English cricketer and umpire. Shepperd was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Willesden, Middlesex.
Shepperd made his first-class debut for Middlesex against the touring Indians in 1959. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both of which came in the 1960 County Championship against Essex and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 4 wickets at an average of 41.75, with best figures of 3/35. With the bat, he scored 32 runs at a batting average of 8.00, with a high score of 13. He also made a single first-class appearance for L.C. Stevens' XI against Cambridge University in 1960 at The Saffrons, Eastbourne, scoring 3 runs and going wicketless.
He later joined Norfolk in Minor counties cricket, making his debut for the county in the 1963 Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire. He made 65 further Minor Counties Championship appearances for Norfolk, the last of which came against Suffolk in 1968. He also played List A cricket for Norfolk, making two appearances, against Hampshire in the 1965 Gillette Cup and Cheshire in the 1968 Gillette Cup, taking 4 wickets at an average of 27.00, with best figures of 3/23.
He later stood as an umpire in two first-class matches, between the Minor Counties and the touring West Indians in 1973, and the Minor Counties and the touring Pakistanis in 1974. He also umpired in the Minor Counties Championship from 1971 to 1974, standing in 21 matches.
# August Hagenbach

August Hagenbach (22 December 1871 – 11 August 1955) was a Swiss physicist working in spectroscopy.
He was the son of physicist Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff and obtained his Ph.D. in 1894 at the University of Leipzig with a thesis titled "Über Thermoelemente aus Metallen und Salzlösungen" under the supervision of Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann.
In 1906, he took over the chaired professorship at the University of Basel earlier held by his father.
In 1926, he was rector of the University of Basel.
One of his students was Ernst Stueckelberg.
# Arthur Sealy

Arthur John Edmund Sealy (30 November 1903 – 11 November 1944) was an English first-class cricketer.
Sealy was born at Woolwich in November 1903. He was educated at Winchester College, before going up to Brasenose College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he played first-class cricket for Oxford University in 1924, making eight appearances. Sealy scored a total of 62 runs in his eight matches, with a high score of 17 not out. With his right-arm medium pace bowling, he took 20 wickets at an average of 27.35 and best figures of 3 for 25. Sealy died at Portsmouth in November 1944. His stepfather, Arthur Pawson, also played first-class cricket.