OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St. Antony's Church, Kodanad

St. Antony's Church, is a church in Kerala, India. It was built in 1986 and is dedicated to St. Anthony of Padua.
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# Ivan Anokye Mensah

Ivan Anokye Mensah (born 22 April 2004) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as defender for Slovak side Dukla Banská Bystrica.

## Club career

Mensah started his professional career with Ghanaian lower-tier side MŠK Žilina Africa FC, a team which plays in the Ghana Division Two League and are affiliated to Slovak side MŠK Žilina. In March 2021, he joined Ghana Premier League side International Allies for the remainder of the 2020–21 season. He made his debut on 4 April 2021, after playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–1 win over Dreams FC.

## International career

Mensah is a member of the Ghana national under-20 football team. In 2020–21, he was a member of the team that won the 2020 WAFU U-20 Zone B Tournament and 2021 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations.
# Justynów, Łódź East County

Justynów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Andrespol, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Andrespol and 17 km (11 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

## Notable people

* Zygmunt Andrychiewicz, painter
# Joseph McDermott

Joseph McDermott may refer to:
* Joseph McDermott (actor) (1878–1923), American actor of the silent era
* Joseph H. McDermott (1871–1930), U.S. politician from the state of West Virginia
* Joe McDermott (politician) (born 1967), U.S. politician from the state of Washington
* Joe McDermott (golfer) (born 1940), Irish-American golfer
* Joe McDermott (baseball), American baseball pitcher
# X Cancri

X Cancri is a variable star in the northern constellation of Cancer. It has a red hue and is visible to the naked eye at its brightest. The distance to this object is approximately 1,860 light years based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −5 km/s. It lies very close to the ecliptic and so is subject to lunar occultations.
John Birmingham reported that the star's brightness was probably variable, in 1871. In 1895, Thomas Espin confirmed that it is in fact a variable star. It was listed with its variable star designation, X Cancri, in Annie Jump Cannon's 1907 work Second Catalog of Variable Stars. This is a semiregular variable star of subtype SRb that ranges in brightness from visual magnitude 5.52 down to 7.50 with a period of 193 days. Fourier analysis has shown that the star also pulsates with periods of 350 and 1,870 days.
This object is a carbon star – an aging red giant star on the asymptotic giant branch that has a higher abundance of carbon than oxygen in its atmosphere – and is one of the brightest carbon stars in the sky. It has a carbon star spectral classification of C-N4.5 C$_2$5.5 MS3. The first C indicates that it is a carbon star, and the N5 that it is a fairly cool strongly red AGB star. The C$_2$ index indicates the strength of the Swan bands on a scale of one to eight, which shows the relative abundance of carbon vs oxygen. The MS index, not to be confused with an MS spectral class, indicates the strength of the SiC$_2$ bands on a scale of one to seven. These bands are thought to be very sensitive to temperature.
The angular diameter of X Cancri has been measured using both lunar occultations and very long baseline interferometry, both methods giving a diameter around 8 mas.
# Gianluigi Nuzzi

Gianluigi Nuzzi (born 3 June 1969) is an Italian journalist, writer, and television host. He is the author of His Holiness: The Secret Papers of Benedict XVI. He considers himself Roman Catholic.
# 2024 Shenzhen Luohu Challenger

The 2024 Shenzhen Luohu Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Shenzhen, China between 22 and 28 April 2024.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| AUS | James Duckworth | 104 | 1 |
| AUS | Adam Walton | 129 | 2 |
| JPN | Yasutaka Uchiyama | 167 | 3 |
| RSA | Lloyd Harris | 171 | 4 |
| ITA | Mattia Bellucci | 180 | 5 |
| KAZ | Denis Yevseyev | 185 | 6 |
| CHN | Bu Yunchaokete | 186 | 7 |
| HKG | Coleman Wong | 188 | 8 |
| AUS | Li Tu | 193 | 9 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 15 April 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Sun Fajing
* Te Rigele
* Zhou Yi
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Alibek Kachmazov
* Luke Saville
* Philip Sekulic
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Ričardas Berankis
* Rémy Bertola
* Altuğ Çelikbilek
* James McCabe
* Rio Noguchi
* James Trotter
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Hiroki Moriya

## Champions
### Singles

* Lloyd Harris def. James Duckworth 6–3, 6–3.

### Doubles

* Yuta Shimizu / James Trotter def. Wang Aoran / Zhou Yi 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$.
# Nil Military Unit

The Nil military unit, commonly called JW NIL formerly known as Jednostka Wojskowa NIL is one of six special forces units in Polish Armed Forces.

## Mission

The Nil unit is tasked with conducting reconnaissance, including radio reconnaissance, image reconnaissance, personnel reconnaissance and reconnaissance analysis, supporting command and ensuring logistical support and military communications.

## History

The decision to start forming Nil unit was issued on 2 December 2008. The formation of the Special Forces Command and Support Support Unit took place in 2009. On 31 July 2009, the Minister of National Defence gave the unit the name of its patron – Brig. Gen. August Emil Fieldorf "Nil" and established an annual Unit Day on 6 September. On 18 March 2011, the name was changed to the Military Unit "Nil", and on the Unit Day, the avenue named after Gen. Fieldorf was opened.
The first commander of the NIL Military Unit was Brig. Gen. Mariusz Skulimowski (at that time in the rank of colonel). From January 3, 2013 to November 11, 2018, the Unit was commanded by Colonel Mirosław Krupa. In the years 2018-2023, the Unit was commanded by Colonel Andrzej Gardynik. The current commander of the NIL Military Unit is Colonel Piotr Gomuła.
Some of the soldiers of JW Nil served as part of the operational forces of the Polish Military Contingent in Afghanistan. They provided information, logistics and command support to the soldiers of JW Komandosów (TF-50) and JW Grom (TF-49) by, among others, reconnaissance IMINT using FlyEye and ScanEagle and by HUMINT.
On October 17, 2012, the operation to combat ISAF opponents and destroy the training camp in Paktika was revealed. Reconnaissance activities for the operation conducted by TF50 and Afghan policemen of Provincial Response Company Ghazni were conducted by the JW Nil sub-unit.
* NIL insignias
* JW NIL commemorative badge
* JW Nil insignia
* The identification badge of the JW NIL Information Support Team for the dress uniform
* The identification badge of the JW NIL Information Support Team for the field uniform

## Organization

* HQ Staff
* Command Team
* Logistic Security Team
* Command Team
* Information Support Team
* Medical Security Group
# Tünde Vaszi

Tünde Vaszi (born 18 April 1972 in Érpiskolt, Romania) is a retired Hungarian long jumper. Her greatest success was the bronze medal at the 2002 European Championships in Athletics, and her personal best is 6.86 metres from when she placed fourth at the 2001 World Championships in Edmonton.
She lived in Carei, Romania till 1990 when she has moved to Hungary with her family.
She later took up pole vault, and competed at the 2002 European Indoor Championships. Her current personal best is 4.25 m.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Hungary |||||
| 1995 | World Indoor Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 12th | |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, United States | 8th | |
| 1997 | World Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 9th | |
| 1999 | World Indoor Championships | Maebashi, Japan | 5th | |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 7th | |
| 2001 | World Championships | Edmonton, Canada | 4th | |
| 2002 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 3rd | |
| 2002 | IAAF Grand Prix Final | Paris, France | 3rd | |
| 2003 | World Indoor Championships | Birmingham, England | 8th | |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 6th | |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 7th | |
| 2005 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 10th | |
| 2006 | European Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 9th | 6.49 m |

## Awards

* Hungarian athlete of the Year (6): 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
# La Argentinidad al Palo

La Argentinidad al Palo: Se Es, Lo Que Se Es is the seventh album by the Argentine Rock band Bersuit Vergarabat, released in 2004. Released firstly in two different discs, Se Es (If It Is) as disc 1 and Lo Que Se Es (What It Is) as disc 2.

## Disc 1: Se Es

* "Coger No Es Amor" [Fucking Is Not Love] (Gustavo Cordera) – 4:06
* "La Soledad" [Loneliness] (Cordera, Daniel Suárez, Germán Sbarbatti) – 4:23
* "Va Por Chapultepec" [Going Through Chapultepec] (Cordera, Pepe Céspedes) – 3:58
* "Convalescencia En Valencia" [Convalescence in Valence] (Juan Subirá) – 4:57
* "Fisurar" [Fissure] (Alberto Verenzuela) – 3:19
* "Al Olor Del Hogar" [Smell of Home] (Ariel Prat) – 3:17
* "La Argentinidad Al Palo" [Argentineness to the Maximum] (Cordera, Oscar Righi, Subirá, Céspedes, Carlos Enrique Martín) – 5:29
* "A Destiempo" [Out of Time] (Verenzuela) – 3:37
* "El Baile De La Gambeta" [Dribbling Dance] (Cordera) – 3:59
* "No Seas Parca" [Don't Be a Death Man] (Subirá, Céspedes) – 3:43
* "Como Un Bolu" [Like a Jerk] (Subirá, Céspedes, Righi) – 2:16
* "La Calavera" [The Skull] (Cordera, Céspedes) – 5:42

## Disc 2: Lo Que Se Es

* "Shit Shit Money Money" (Cordera) – 5:11
* "Porno Star" (Subirá) – 3:53
* "La Oveja Negra" [The Black Sheep] (Cordera) – 4:20
* "Otra Sudestada" [Another Southeast-ing] (Cordera, Céspedes, Martín) – 6:26
* "Zi Zi Zi" (Verenzuela) – 3:31
* "Hecho En Buenos Aires" [Made In Buenos Aires] (Subirá, Céspedes) – 4:51
* "Mariscal Tito" [Marshal Tito] (Cordera, Céspedes) – 4:49
* "Y No Está Solo..." [And He's Not Alone...] (Cordera, Céspedes) – 6:44
* "Pájaro Negro" [Black Bird] (Subirá) – 4:31
* "Murga De La Limousine" [The Limousine Buskers] (Subirá, Martín, Céspedes, Cordera) – 2:56
* "El Viento Trae Una Copla" [The Wind Brings a Song] (Bersuit Vergarabat) – 8:21

## Charts and certifications

| Country | Peak position | Certification | Sales/shipments |
| Argentina | 1 | 5× Platinum | 200.000 |
# Tax on trees

Tax on trees was a tax imposed on the owners of fruit trees in the USSR by Joseph Stalin's government in 1944. The tax made it expensive to have trees on a farm, and had the unintended consequence of causing a mass felling of trees by Soviet farmers. This subsequently led to shortage of fruit.
The idea was proposed by the Minister Arseny Zverev, and Stalin failed to foresee the problems it would produce. The tax was repealed in 1954 by Georgy Malenkov, when taxes were reduced by 60 percent for farmers.
# Stadionul Cătălin Hîldan

Cătălin Hîldan Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Brănești, Ilfov County, Romania. It is the home ground of CS Brănești and holds 2,500 people.
The stadium is named after Cătălin Hîldan, the former Dinamo Bucharest player who died on the field during a game.
# The Jumping-Off Place

The Jumping-Off Place is a children's novel by Marian Hurd McNeely about homesteading in South Dakota. It is set on the Dakotan prairie in the early 1900s. The novel, illustrated by William Siegel was first published in 1929 and was a retrospective Newbery Honor recipient for 1930.

## Plot

The four orphaned Linville children - Becky, Dick, Phil, and Joan - move to South Dakota in 1910 to "prove up" on a homestead claim originally filed by their uncle Jim, who raised them and who died suddenly just before the story starts. They deal with unexpected expenses, unpleasant neighbors, claim jumpers, bad weather, and other problems, but eventually triumph over them all and gain the respect and friendship of the nearby town's inhabitants. Though they had originally intended to sell or rent the claim once they owned it, they decide at the end of the book to stay in South Dakota, having come to love the prairie.
# Józefów, Gmina Poddębice

Józefów (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poddębice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Poddębice and 47 km (29 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Roman Theatre at Bosra

The Roman Theatre at Bosra (Arabic: المسرح الروماني ببصرى) is a large Roman theatre in Bosra, in the district of Dar'a in south-western Syria.$^{:143}$

## History

It was built in either the second quarter$^{:53}$ or the second half of the second century AD,$^{:143}$ and is constructed of black basalt.$^{:141}$ It is likely that the theatre was built during the reign of Trajan.
The theatre was originally built outside the walls of the town, but was later completely enclosed by an Ayyūbid fortress.$^{:141}$ The city of Bosra had its fortifications expanded between 481 and 1251. When later integrated into the fortifications, its role was to serve as a citadel and to guard a road leading to Damascus.
The theatre is 102 metres across and has seating for about 17,000 people; it is thus among the largest of the Ancient Roman civilisation.$^{:141}$ It served a city that once had 80,000 inhabitants. It is also one of the best preserved both in Syria and across the Roman empire. It was substantially restored between 1947 and 1970, before which it contained large quantities of sand, which may have helped to protect the interior.$^{:141}$

### Syrian Civil War

As of July 2018, the site is still on the UNESCO's list of World Heritage in Danger. The theatre was added to the list in 2013.
The site has been damaged in the Syrian Civil War by various military activities conducted nearby. For instance, snipers have been active at the site.

## Gallery

| Panoramic view of the theatre | Stage of the theatre | Walls |
# Hussein Luaibi

Hussein Luaibi (Arabic: حسين لعيبي; born 1953) is an Iraqi football coach and former footballer. He played as a forward.

## Club career

Luaibi started playing for Al-Najda FC and then Al-Aliyat FC. He then moved to Al-Shorta, where he played with them for six seasons, then moved to Al-Tayaran and stayed with them for 10 seasons until his retirement in 1989. In 27 years of playing he did not get one color card.

## Asian title and the first Iraqi goal in FIFA U-20

Luaibi played the youth team and won the 1977 AFC Youth Championship in Tehran, than played in the 1977 FIFA World Youth Championship in Tunisia with the first participation of Iraq in the history of the tournament and scored the first goal of an Iraqi player in the history of this tournament, which scored against Soviet Union on 26 June 1977, and scored against Austria too.

## International career

On September 5, 1976, Luaibi played his debut with Iraq against Saudi Arabia in fully international match, in the Friendly match in Riyadh, which ended 0-0.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Iraq's goal tally first.
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 22 October 1976 | Al-Shaab Stadium, Baghdad | Libya | 2–1 | 3–1 | Friendly |
| 2. | 22 October 1976 | Al-Shaab Stadium, Baghdad | Libya | 3–1 | 3–1 | Friendly |

## Awards

* Finalist Pestabola Merdeka 1977 with Iraq
* Asian Youth champion in 1977 with Iraq U-19
* Winner of the Al-Wehdat Championship in 1986 with Al-Tayaran
# 28 generals of the Cloud Terrace

In A.D. 60, Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han dynasty honored 28 founding generals of the dynasty, who had served his father Emperor Guangwu, by painting their portraits on the Cloud Terrace (Yuntai) of the South Palace in the capital Luoyang. They became known as the twenty-eight generals of the Cloud Terrace (or Yuntai) (雲台二十八將).
One criterion Emperor Ming used for his selection was that the men honored must not be relatives of the imperial family. Thus, Ma Yuan (whose daughter was Emperor Ming's empress) and Lai Xi (来歙, Emperor Guangwu's uncle-in-law) were not selected, despite their great contributions.
Unusual in Chinese history, the 28 generals all had natural deaths or died while in service to Emperor Guangwu. Guangwu himself was lauded for his trust of these men who helped him forge his empire.

## Order

* Grand Tutor, Marquis of Gaomi, Deng Yu (鄧禹)
* Grand Marshal, Marquis of Guangping, Wu Han (吳漢)
* Left general, Marquis of Jiaodong, Jia Fu [zh] (賈復)
* Grand general who establishes might, Marquis of Haozhi, Geng Yan (耿弇)
* Commander of the capital guards, Marquis of Yongnu, Kou Xun [zh] (寇恂)
* Grand general who conquers the south, Marquis of Wuyang, Cen Peng [zh] (岑彭)
* Grand general who conquers the west, Marquis of Yangxia, Feng Yi (馮異)
* Grand general who establishes virtue, Marquis of Ge, Zhu Hu [zh] (朱祜)
* General who conquers barbarians, Marquis of Yingyang, Zhai Zun (祭遵)
* Grand general of swift cavalry, Marquis of Yueyang Jing Dan [zh] (景丹)
* Grand general of the tiger corps, Marquis of Anping, Ge Yan [zh] (蓋延)
* Commander of the palace guards, Marquis of Ancheng, Yao Qi [zh] (銚期)
* Governor of Dong, Marquis of Dongguang, Geng Chun [zh] (耿純)
* Colonel of the capital gate, Marquis of Langling, Zang Gong [zh] (臧宮)
* General who captures barbarians, Marquis of Yangxu, Ma Wu (馬武)
* General of swift cavalry, Marquis of Shen, Liu Long [zh] (劉隆)
* Governor of Zhongshan, Marquis of Quanjiao, Ma Cheng [zh] (馬成)
* Governor of Henan, Marquis of Fucheng, Wang Liang [zh] (王梁)
* Governor of Langya, Marquis of Zhu'e, Chen Jun [zh] (陳俊)
* Grand general of swift cavalry, Marquis of Canqu, Du Mao [zh] (杜茂)
* General of repeating crossbow, Marquis of Kunyang, Fu Jun [zh] (傅俊)
* Left minister of war, Marquis of Hefei, Jian Tan [zh] (堅鐔)
* Governor of Shanggu, Marquis of Huailing, Wang Ba [zh] (王覇)
* Governor of Xindu, Marquis of Eling, Ren Guang [zh] (任光)
* Governor of Yuzhang, Marquis of Zhongshui, Li Zhong [zh] (李忠)
* Right general, Marquis of Huaili, Wan Xiu [zh] (萬脩)
* Minister of ceremonies, Marquis of Lingshou, Pi Tong [zh] (邳彤)
* General of brave cavalry, Marquis of Changcheng, Liu Zhi [zh] (劉植)

## Other honorees

In addition to the 28 generals, Emperor Ming hung the portraits of four other men in the Cloud Terrace. They are:
* Wang Chang (王常)
* Li Tong (李通); Li was also Emperor Ming's uncle-in-law as his wife is Emperor Ming's aunt (and Emperor Guangwu's sister) Liu Boji.
* Dou Rong (窦融)
* Zhuo Mao (卓茂)
# Lords of Verona

The Lords of Verona ruled the city from 1260 until 19 October 1387 and for ten days in 1404. The lordship was created when Mastino I della Scala was raised to the rank of capitano del popolo from that of podestà. His descendants, the Scaliger, all Ghibellines, ruled the city and its vicinity as a hereditary seigniory for a century and a half, during which the city experienced its golden age.
| Signore | Rule | Rule | Affiliation | Notes(s) |
| Mastino I della Scala | 7 October 1259 | 26 October 1277 | Ghibelline | Podestà of Verona Elected signore in 1262 |
| Alberto I della Scala | 26 October 1277 | 3 September 1301 | Ghibelline | Former Podestà of Mantua Brother of Mastino I First hereditary signore |
| Bartolomeo I della Scala | 3 September 1301 | 7 March 1304 | Ghibelline | Son of Alberto I |
| Alboino della Scala | 7 March 1304 | 29 November 1311 | Ghibelline | Son of Alberto I |
| Cangrande I della Scala | 29 November 1311 | 22 July 1339 | Ghibelline | Son of Alberto I Joint-lord with Alboino I (1308–1311) |
| Mastino II della Scala | 22 July 1339 | 3 June 1351 | Ghibelline | Son of Alboino I Joint-lord with Cangrande I (1329–1339) |
| Alberto II della Scala | 22 July 1339 | 3 June 1351 | Ghibelline | Son of Alboino I Joint-lord with Cangrande I (1329–1339) |
| Cangrande II della Scala | 3 June 1351 | 14 December 1359 | Ghibelline | Son of Mastino II Son-in-law of Louis IV Murdered by his brother Cansignorio |
| Cansignorio della Scala | 14 December 1359 | 18 October 1375 | Ghibelline | Son of Mastino II |
| Paolo Alboino della Scala | 14 December 1359 | 18 October 1375 | Ghibelline | Son of Mastino II Murdered by Cansignorio in death bed |
| Bartolomeo II della Scala | 18 October 1375 | 12 July 1381 | Ghibelline | Natural son of Cansignorio Murdered by his half-brother Antonio |
| Antonio I della Scala | 12 July 1381 | 19 October 1387 | Ghibelline | Son of Cansignorio Deposed by pro-Milanese nobles Died in exile on 5 August 1388 (suspected being murdered by Visconti's envoys) |
| Gian Galeazzo Visconti | 20 October 1387 | 3 September 1402 | Ghibelline | Elected signore by pro-Milanese nobles Still Lord of Milan |
| Gian Maria Visconti | 3 September 1402 | 8 April 1404 | Ghibelline | Son of Gian Galeazzo Lacked of any authority over Verona Deposed by anti-Visconti forces |
| Guglielmo della Scala | 8 April 1404 | 18 April 1404 | Guelph | Natural son of Cangrande II Re-enthroned by anti-Visconti forces Murdered shortly after by his ally Francesco II da Carrara |
| Francesco II da Carrara | 18 April 1404 | 22 June 1405 | Guelph | Usurper of Gugliemo Still Lord of Padua Executed after the Venetian victory in the War of Padua |
# Yiwen Leiju

The Yiwen Leiju, or translated as Encyclopedia of Literary Collections, is a Chinese leishu encyclopedia completed by Ouyang Xun in 624 under the Tang dynasty. Other contributors include Linghu Defen and Chen Shuda.
Yiwen Leiju is divided into 47 sections and many subsections, covering a vast number of subjects and including many quotations from older works, which are well cited.
* Pages from a Southern Song dynasty Shaoxing period edition of the Yiwen Leiju, from the Shanghai Library
* Pages from a Ming dynasty Jiajing period edition of Yiwen Leiju, from the Harvard University
* Pages from a Ming dynasty Wanli period edition of Yiwen Leiju, from the Harvard University
* Pages from a Ming dynasty Wanli period edition of Yiwen Leiju, from the National Archives of Japan
# Margarita Starkevičiūtė

Margarita Starkevičiūtė (1956 - ) is a member of EU institutions' advisory boards on financial markets and the digital economy, external academic expert for European Parliamentary Research Services. In 2004-2009 she was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) elected in Lithuania, ALDE political group, Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee, Budget Committee, Budgetary Control Committee, Temporary committee on policy challenges and budgetary means of the enlarged Union 2007-2013, Delegation for relations with Japan, Delegation for relations with Australia and New Zealand, Delegation for relations with Iran. PhD in socials science (economics) from Vilnius University (Lithuania),“Strategy of Long-Term Economic Growth in Transition and its Implementation in Lithuania”. The subject of research is the growth and strategy of economic policy. The aim is to evaluate the development of the economy in transition and applying modern growth model, to define the determinants and sources of long-term economic growth and to outline government economic policy strategy facilitating the growth of an economy. 1996-2004 and 2009-2014 was a lecturer, Associate Professor and researcher at Vilnius University. 1994–2001, a Head of Market Analysis Group, financial markets in Lithuania. 1978–1994, an economist and advisor for foreign relations, different Lithuania's public institutions and Ministries. Graduated in 1978 from Vilnius University with the degree in economics.