OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge

The Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge was established in 1994, and has grown to over 16,700 acres (68 km$^2$). Like pearls on a string, these acres are spread out as individual units along the Missouri River between Kansas City and St. Louis. These pearls of habitat benefit floodplain-dependent fish and wildlife species. The Big Muddy Refuge is planning to grow to 60,000 acres (240 km$^2$) by buying land from willing sellers who want to see their properties set aside for the benefit of wildlife and the enjoyment of all.
The pre-development Missouri River as documented by Lewis and Clark was considerably different from today's river. The historic Missouri was a broad, slow-moving, shallow river with braided channels. These past river conditions created a haven for wildlife, which included vast floodplain forests of giant trees, marshes, and even wet prairies. Today's river is channelized. It is deeper and faster, and controlled by levees, dikes, and other containment structures. These controls make the river more navigable and the surrounding floodplain ideal for agriculture.
The Big Muddy Refuge is allowing the Missouri River to be a river again, to enter its floodplain. This occurs during minor flood events. Management has created side channels, cut down levees, and allowed the floodplain vegetation to return. Currently, in many places the refuge is an impenetrable thicket of young trees and vegetation, but, as the trees grow and the refuge matures, its appearance will change. The process may take decades or even centuries.
# Billy Dunlop (Sunderland footballer)

William Dunlop (16 August 1869 – 25 May 1960) was a Scottish footballer who played in the English Football League for Sunderland and in the Scottish League for Rangers. He played as a half-back, either at wing half or in the centre.

## Career

Dunlop was born in Annbank, South Ayrshire, and played for his hometown club (taking part in a trial for the Scotland national team in 1890) before coming to England to sign for Sunderland at the start of 1893. He was the uncle (though only two years older) of his new club's star forward Jimmy Miller, while another former Annbank player, defender Robert Smellie, was also in the Sunderland side (he and Dunlop were teammates in the team's run to the quarter-finals of the 1891–92 Scottish Cup).
Dunlop made his debut for the Wearside club on 28 January 1893 in a 4–2 home win against The Wednesday, and played a few more games at the end of the 1892–93 season once the League title was secured. From the following season onwards he was a regular in the first team, contributing to their runners-up position in 1894 and third League championship in the 1894–95 season and making 146 appearances in League and FA Cup. He also played on the winning side in a post-season friendly match against Scottish champions Heart of Midlothian, dubbed by some the "1895 World Championship".
Dunlop returned to Scotland in 1899 to join Rangers, and played six Division One games in the 1899–1900 season – in each case covering for one of the regular half-backs, Neilly Gibson, Bobby Neil and Jacky Robertson – plus a few more games in other competitions, in a couple of which Jimmy Miller also played. He moved on to Partick Thistle in the summer of 1900 before returning to Annbank a few months later.
# Bone Hill National Wildlife Refuge

Bone Hill National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota. It is managed under Kulm Wetland Management District.
Bone Hill National Wildlife Refuge was established by Executive Order 8112, signed on May 10, 1939 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Refuge boundaries encompass 640 acres (2.6 km$^2$) of private land. A system of management easements allows the District staff to maintain a dam on the property and restrict hunting, trapping and other harassment of wildlife.
Bone Hill Refuge is located in LaMoure County, North Dakota. From Jud, North Dakota the northwest corner of the Refuge is 2 miles (3.2 km) north and one mile (1.6 km) east on county and township roads.
The Refuge is a migration stopover for waterfowl. Snow geese frequently stop in the neighborhood surrounding the Refuge during spring and fall migrations. Much of the Refuge lands are cultivated by the owner; however, some waterfowl nesting and brood rearing takes place on the reservoir and pasture portions of the Refuge.
This is a limited-interest national wildlife refuge. The FWS has an easement on private property allowing it to manage wildlife habitat, but the land remains private property. There is no public access but wildlife may be observed from adjacent public roads. Limited-interest refuges were created in the 1930s and 1940s in response to declining waterfowl populations and the need to get people back to work during the Great Depression. Many landowners sold easements allowing the federal government to regulate water levels and restrict hunting.
# Brumba National Wildlife Refuge

Brumba National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in Towner County, North Dakota. It is managed under Devils Lake Wetland Management District.
Brumba NWR is a limited-interest national wildlife refuge. The FWS has an easement on private property, allowing it to manage wildlife habitat, but the land remains private property. There is no public access except from adjacent public roads.
Limited-interest refuges were created in the 1930s and 1940s in response to declining waterfowl populations and the need to get people back to work during the Great Depression. Many landowners sold easements allowing the federal government to regulate water levels and restrict hunting.
# Bug Creek Fossil Area

Bug Creek Fossil Area is a 805-acre (326 ha) National Wildlife Refuge located in northeastern Montana. It was designated as a National Wildlife Refuge in 1966.
# Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge

The Caddo Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a 8,493-acre (3,437 ha) protected area of Texas managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) System. It is located along Caddo Lake in East Texas.
The area that currently encompasses the refuge was highly valued in the 19th Century because its loamy soil supported rich cotton plantations. During World War II, Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant was established on the site. In 1993, the importance of the wetlands surrounding Caddo Lake was recognized at the Ramsar Convention, as the area was one of thirteen in the US that were deemed to be of "international significance". The NWR was authorized in 2000 to protect the bottomlands of the Harrison Bayou and to preserve the habitat for migratory birds.
# Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge

The Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge is a 3,689.63 acres (15 km$^2$) National Wildlife Refuge located in central Alabama, along the Cahaba River downstream from Birmingham, Alabama. The refuge was established on September 25, 2002. Additional purchases were approved that will potentially increase the size of the refuge to 7,300 acres (29.5 km$^2$). Additional negotiations propose an expansion to a potential 280,000 acres (1,100 km$^2$), most of which currently belongs to private landowners. The facility is unstaffed, but is administered by the Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge in Anniston, Alabama.
The refuge extends from just north of the confluence of the Little Cahaba and Cahaba Rivers to the Piper Bridge in Bibb county, approximately five miles east of West Blocton, Alabama. Approximately 3.5 miles (6 km) of the Cahaba River flow through the refuge. The refuge lies at the far southwestern end of the Appalachian mountain chain.

## Wildlife

Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge is a critical habitat for the endangered Cahaba shiner, goldline darter, round rocksnail, and cylindrical lioplax. There are also 64 other rare plant and animal species within its borders. It is home to Hymenocallis coronaria, a threatened plant species known in Alabama as the Cahaba lily. Its abundant presence here is one of the reasons for the creation of the refuge.

## Facilities

The refuge provides opportunities for fishing, canoeing, hiking, photography, and wildlife observation.
# Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge

The Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge (CVNWR) in Tucker County, West Virginia, was the 500th National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) to be established in the United States. The refuge preserves a moist valley with unique wetlands and uplands at a relatively high elevation in the Allegheny Mountains. It is administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).

## History

Advocacy for the establishment of a wildlife refuge in Canaan Valley began as early as 1961. In the 1970s, environmental and citizens' groups battled with Allegheny Power Systems (APS), which had owned more than 13,000 acres (53 km$^2$) of Canaan Valley since 1923, over construction of a long-anticipated hydroelectric facility that would have flooded about a quarter of the valley. In 1977, the Federal Power Commission issued a license to APS for construction of a pumped storage hydroelectric project, formally known as the Davis Power Project. However, the following year the Project was denied a Clean Water Act permit by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Corps' decision cited adverse impacts upon the Valley's wetlands, a relatively new concept at the time.
Canaan Valley NWR was initially approved following an Environmental Impact Statement on May 30, 1979.$^{:Sum-1}$ APS appealed the Corps' decision all the way to the Supreme Court, which in 1988 declined to hear the case, thus clearing the way for creation of the refuge. About 86 acres (350,000 m$^2$) were purchased in the valley to establish the refuge on July 11, 1994.$^{:Sum-1}$ Another 12,000 acres (48 km$^2$) were purchased from APS in 2002. With other additions, most recently 120 acres in 2008 and 325 acres (1 km$^2$) in 2011, the refuge now encompasses some 16,628 acres (67 km$^2$) of a total authorized size of 25,459 acres (103 km$^2$). This represents almost 70% of the valley's 25,000 acres (100 km$^2$).

## Wildlife

Several habitat types can be found in the wet soils of the forests, shrublands and open spaces in the refuge. White-tailed deer, raccoons, geese, and squirrels are common, and minks, bobcats, black bears, and barred owls can be seen. Beaver dams affect local water levels. Gamebird species include wild turkeys, ruffed grouse, and woodcocks. The area is also an important habitat for many declining North American bird species, including the bobolink, clay-colored sparrow, Henslow's sparrow, northern saw-whet owl, and cerulean warbler. The fish fauna includes native brook trout and introduced species of trout and bass.

## Recreation and access

Facilitated refuge activities include wildlife observation and photography, hunting, fishing, hiking, environmental education, and nature programs.
The refuge maintains 31 miles (50 km) of designated trails, including:
* 31 miles (50 km) for pedestrian use
* 23 miles (37 km) for bicycle use
* 22 miles (35 km) for horseback use
The refuge also maintains 7 miles (11 km) of roads for licensed vehicles to provide public access.
# Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge

Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge is an 8,040-acre (32.5 km) bottomland hardwood forest in western Kentucky near Benton. The refuge lies along the East Fork of the Clarks River and is the seasonal home to more than 200 species of migratory birds. The bottom lands are dominated with overcup oaks, bald cypress, and tupelo-gum, and the slightly higher, better drained areas are covered with willow oak, swamp chestnut oak, red oak, sweet gum, sycamore, ash, and elm.
# Creedman Coulee National Wildlife Refuge

Creedman Coulee National Wildlife Refuge is a 2,728-acre (1,104 ha) National Wildlife Refuge in the northern region of the U.S. state of Montana. This very remote refuge is a part of the Bowdoin Wetland Management District (WMD), and is unstaffed. The refuge consists of only 80 acres (32 ha) that are federally owned, while the remaining 2,648 acres (1,072 ha) is an easement with local landowners and on private property. The refuge is managed from Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge.
# Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in North Dakota. It is managed under Kulm Wetland Management District.
Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge was established by Executive Order 8117, signed on May 10, 1939 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Refuge boundaries encompass 2,784 acres (11.27 km$^2$) of private land. A system of flooding easements and management easements allows the Service flood land within the river channel or to restrict hunting, trapping and other harassment of wildlife.
The District manages a low level dam on the James River called Dakota Lake Dam, also known as Ludden Dam or State Line Dam. Dakota Lake Dam was initially constructed by local people and the depression era Works Project Administration to raise the level of the James River, which frequently turned stagnant and toxic to cattle during summer months. The dam raises the level of the James River about one foot which holds water in old river channels, providing breeding, nesting and brood rearing habitat for many marsh dependent birds and other wildlife.
Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located in southern Dickey County, North Dakota. From Ludden, North Dakota proceed west on North Dakota Highway 11; the Refuge boundary is at the west end of town. North Dakota Highway 11 crosses the James River and the Refuge.
The James River is at the heart of major corridor for migrating birds. The Refuge is a migration stopover for many thousands of waterfowl and shore birds. Snow geese are one of the most obvious users of the Refuge during their spring and fall migrations. Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge in South Dakota is a scant 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Dakota Lake National Wildlife Refuge.
Dakota Lake is closed to all public use; however, hunting, wildlife observation and photography can be quite good on public roads or private lands around the Refuge. April and October are good times to observe waterfowl migrations. An abundance of shorebirds migrate during late August and September.
# DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge

DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge, created in 1958, is located along the banks of the Missouri River in the U.S. states of Iowa and Nebraska. The 8,362-acre (3,384 ha) refuge (46% in Iowa, 54% in Nebraska) preserves an area that would have been otherwise lost to cultivation. In 1960, an Army Corps of Engineers channelization project on the Missouri River moved the main river channel in the area to the west. The former river channel became DeSoto Lake, a seven-mile long oxbow lake. As a result, part of the Nebraska portion of the refuge lies on the east side of the Missouri River.
For over 20 years after construction, the lake was used for recreational boating, with half of the lake designated for watersports and the other half a no-wake zone for wildlife habitat and fishing. The lake was so popular that access was limited by the park's rangers to keep the boat traffic down on the lake on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. The lake's marina, snack bar, swimming area and boat ramps were all removed, and restrictions were placed on boat operation.
Today, the refuge is home to around 30 mammal species, including white-tailed deer, beavers, opossums, raccoons, fox squirrels, muskrats and coyotes. Many bird species also inhabit the refuge, such as bald eagles, great blue herons, egrets, pelicans, turkeys and cardinals. The refuge is also a major stopover on the Central Flyway bird migration route; the population of migratory birds increases substantially in the spring and fall months. The numbers of snow geese used to frequently be in the hundreds of thousands, but for unknown reasons has substantially dropped for only a few thousand a year (not at once). The population of Canada geese that stopped at the lake before it was channelized is once again rising.
Several miles of nature trails provide access to the varied landscapes of the refuge. Dogs are permitted only under physical restrictive control of a leash at all times. Hunting is allowed in season (for deer, turkey, and pheasant) with a permit and there are several fishing piers along the lake, which are open outside of the bird migration seasons.
The refuge also documents the area's human history. In 1865, the sternwheel steamboat Bertrand, bound for the Montana Territory, sank in the Missouri River. The boat and its cargo rested on the river bottom until 1968, when the wreck was rediscovered. Over 500,000 items were excavated from the wreck; many of them were in excellent condition. Catalogue numbers are now in the upper 5000's, each number sometimes only having one related object, or, in the case of nails, tens of thousands. A visitor center in the refuge displays many of these items. The Bertrand site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge is located five miles (eight kilometres) east of Blair, Nebraska. Access to the refuge is on U.S. Route 30 between Blair and Interstate 29.
| DeSoto Lake was once part of the Missouri River, but rechannelization projects cut a large bend out of the river, forming the lake at Desoto NWR | Red-headed woodpecker at DeSoto NWR. | DeSoto NWR center, housing the Bertrand exhibit. |
# Krzepocinek

Krzepocinek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wartkowice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Wartkowice, 16 km (10 mi) north-east of Poddębice, and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Yesterday (2004 film)

Yesterday is a 2004 South African drama film written and directed by Darrell Roodt. The film tells a story of a young mother, Yesterday (Leleti Khumalo), who discovers she has AIDS. Her husband, a migrant mine laborer, rejected her despite being the one that infected her. Her ambition becomes to live long enough to see her daughter, Beauty, go to school.
This film is the first commercial feature-length production in Zulu. It was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 77th Academy Awards. It also won Best Sound and Best Editing at the inaugural edition of the Africa Movie Academy Awards.

## Plot

Yesterday, a Zulu mother residing with her seven-year-old daughter, Beauty, in Rooihoek, a rural village in Zululand, South Africa, spends her days toiling in the fields, fetching water, and managing household chores while caring for her daughter. She forms a bond with the new village teacher.
Struggling with a persistent cough and weakness, Yesterday makes a long trek to the local clinic with Beauty, only to be turned away without seeing a doctor. When she collapses at home, Beauty seeks help from the teacher, who advises Yesterday to revisit the clinic. With the teacher's support, Yesterday reaches the clinic early the next day.
At the clinic, the doctor inquires about Yesterday's name, given by her father who believed in better times past. She learns she has AIDS, likely contracted from her husband working in a mine. Devastated, Yesterday resolves to inform her husband but faces violence upon doing so. She continues caring for her family, supported by her teacher friend.
Months later, John returns home, also sick. He apologizes for his previous actions, revealing his dismissal from the mine due to his illness. Villagers ostracize him, prompting Yesterday to construct a makeshift hospital on a nearby hill. Despite efforts, John dies.
Yesterday shifts her focus to preparing Beauty for school, her own education dreams unfulfilled. She vows to live to see Beauty attend school. When informed of her resilient health, Yesterday attributes it to her mindset. The film ends as Yesterday watches Beauty's first day at school.

## Credited cast

* Kenneth Khambula as John Khumalo, Yesterday's Husband
* Leleti Khumalo as Yesterday
* Harriet Lenabe as Teacher
* Lihle Mvelase as Beauty
* Camilla Walker as Female Doctor

## Awards

* "Best Film" at the 3rd Pune International Film Festival in India.
* Won EIUC Award at the 61st Venice International Film Festival.
* Awards for Best Sound, Best Makeup, and Best Editing at the 1st Africa Movie Academy Awards.
* Nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 77th Academy Awards.
* Nominated for Outstanding Made for Television Movie at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards.
* Won a Peabody Award in 2005.
# Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga (Dakinyam), Bhimpur

Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga (Dakinyam), Bhimpur, is a Hindu temple situated in the western part of the holy Mahendragiri mountains on the Mahendratanaya River in the Indian state of Odisha. It is debated to be the Dakini area and the Jyotirlingam found there is believed to be one among the 12 Jyotirlingams.

## History

According to Linga Purana written by Vedavyasa and as translated by Babaji Baishnaba Chrana Das in Odia, one of the 12 jyotirlingams is in Dakinye Bhima shankara. As described in Mahabharata and as believed by many historians, Dakini is between the western part of Mahendragiri River to Godavari River. It is believed that in the Dvadasha jyotirlinga strotram of Shankaracharya the words "Dakinyam Bhimasankara" refers to the Dakini area.
The specialty of the Jyotirlingam is the quadrangular Shakti around the Linga decorated by a Upavita as per the purana. This place came into light after it was excavated in the year 1974. The nearby Machha Diian (Jumping fish)Odia: ମାଛଡିଆଁ waterfall in Mahendra tanaya river attract devotees as well as tourists throughout the year.

## Geography

Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga temple is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Gunupur and at a distance of 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the district headquarter Rayagada and located near the sangam of Mahendratanaya river and Vamsadhara.
# Henry I. Gourley

Henry Irvin Gourley (October 3, 1838 – May 27, 1899) was an American politician. He served as Mayor of Pittsburgh from 1890 to 1893.

## Biography

Gourley was born in Juniata County, Pennsylvania in 1838 to a peasant family. As a child, he was sent early in life to a farm in Pine Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. There, he became a schoolteacher.
In 1876, he was elected to the City Council. Mayor Gourley took office in 1890 and his reputation for hard and honest work served him well in city hall. His term was noted for the trust it engendered in Pittsburgh residents. After he left office he served as city controller before his death on May 27, 1899, aged 60. He is buried in Homewood Cemetery.