OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Volunteer (yacht)

Volunteer was an American racing yacht built in 1887 for the America's Cup races. She was the victorious American defender of the seventh America's Cup match that same year against Scottish challenger Thistle.

## Design

Volunteer, a centerboard compromise sloop, was designed by Edward Burgess, built by Pusey & Jones Shipbuilding Company at Wilmington, Delaware and launched after 66 days under construction on June 30, 1887, for owner General Charles J. Paine of the New York Yacht Club.
Volunteer was the first America's Cup yacht with an all steel frame and hull. Her deck was made of white pine.
After the races Volunteer was modified to serve as a cruising schooner. In 1890 a major modification by George Lawley & Sons lengthened the hull by 5 ft (1.5 m), improvements made and changed to a sloop rig. The yacht then had a large cabin and seven staterooms with three toilets. The crew was composed of four officers and eight men. The registry information for 1901—1902 shows 105.25 GRT, 99.88 Net tons, 115 ft (35.1 m) length overall, 90 ft (27.4 m) waterline length, 23 ft 2 in (7.1 m) beam with owner being J. Malcolm Forbes with home port of Boston.

## Career

Volunteer easily beat the 1886 America's Cup defender Mayflower during the defender trials for the 1887 America's Cup and won both Cup races on September 27 and 30, 1887, against Thistle. Volunteer was skippered by Captain Hank Haff with the assistance of Captains Terry, Berry and L. Jeffreys.
Soon after the Cup races, Volunteer was bought by John Malcolm Forbes (who also owned Puritan) and was Re-rigged as a schooner in 1891. On August 21, 1893, she went onto the rocks at Hadley's Harbor, Naushon Island, off the coast of Massachusetts. Damage was extensive, as shown in the picture below. In 1894, in anticipation of racing with the British Valkyrie, she was returned to her original sloop rig. She was broken up at a New York junkyard in 1910.
# Love Returns

Love Returns (Italian: L'amore ritorna) is a 2004 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Sergio Rubini.
For her performance Giovanna Mezzogiorno won the Nastro d'Argento for best supporting actress.

## Cast

* Fabrizio Bentivoglio: Luca Florio
* Margherita Buy: Silvia
* Sergio Rubini: Giacomo
* Giovanna Mezzogiorno: Lena
* Eros Pagni: Professor Mangiacane
* Antonio Prisco: Picchio
* Antonello Fassari: Sergio
* Simona Marchini: Flora
* Umberto Orsini: Dr. Ambrosini
* Michele Placido: Dr. Bianco
* Mariangela Melato: Federica Strozzi
# Mustang! (film)

Mustang! is a 1959 American Western film directed by Tom Gries and starring Jack Buetel The film was made in 1955, when Champ Butler recorded the film's theme tune.

## Plot

In the hills and forest surrounding a horse-breeding ranch, an unbroken wild mustang has been a constant challenge to the ranch owner. To keep the animal from getting killed for being untamed, the ranch owner's son and daughter decide to try and see if they can get and win the trust of the mustang together.

## Cast

* Jack Buetel as Gable (as Jack Beutel)
* Madalyn Trahey as Nancy
* Stephen Keyes as Lou, Ranch Hand (as Steve Keyes)
* Milt Swift as Ranch Owner
* Bob Gilbert as Cowhand (as Robert Gilbert)
* Paul Spahn as Cowhand
* Max M. Gilford as Ranch Hand
* Autumn Moon as The Wild Mustang
# Stochastic universal sampling

Stochastic universal sampling (SUS) is a selection technique used in evolutionary algorithms for selecting potentially useful solutions for recombination. It was introduced by James Baker.
SUS is a development of fitness proportionate selection (FPS) which exhibits no bias and minimal spread. Where FPS chooses several solutions from the population by repeated random sampling, SUS uses a single random value to sample all of the solutions by choosing them at evenly spaced intervals. This gives weaker members of the population (according to their fitness) a chance to be chosen.
FPS can have bad performance when a member of the population has a really large fitness in comparison with other members. Using a comb-like ruler, SUS starts from a small random number, and chooses the next candidates from the rest of population remaining, not allowing the fittest members to saturate the candidate space.

## Pseudo Code

Described as an algorithm, pseudocode for SUS looks like:
Where Population[0..I] is the set of individuals with array-index 0 to (and including) I.
Here RWS describes the bulk of fitness proportionate selection (also known as "roulette wheel selection") – in true fitness proportional selection the parameter Points is always a (sorted) list of random numbers from 0 to F. The algorithm above is intended to be illustrative rather than canonical.
# Valentin Pluchek

Valentin Nikolayevich Pluchek (Russian: Валенти́н Никола́евич Плу́чек; real name Isaak Nokhimovich Gintsburg, Russian: Исаа́к Нохи́мович Ги́нцбург; 4 September 1909 – 17 August 2002) was a Soviet and Russian theater director and actor. He is known as a stage director of the Physical Culture Day parade in Moscow during the Stalinist epoch. The Physical Culture Day took place each summer at central squares of major Soviet cities. Peter Brook's cousin.
Pluchek worked with the director Vsevolod Meyerhold until he was arrested and shot in 1940, and then worked with the playwright Aleksei Arbuzov. In 1950, he joined the "often-daring" Moscow Satire Theatre in 1950, and rose to chief director in 1957.

## Awards and honors

* Two Orders of the Patriotic War, 2nd class (1945, 1985)
* Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1956)
* People's Artist of the RSFSR (1964)
* Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1970)
* People's Artist of the USSR (1974)
* Order of Friendship of Peoples (1979)
* Order of Lenin (1986)
* Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class (1999)
* Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
* Medal "For the Defence of the Soviet Transarctic"
* Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"
# Pierre Bessonneau

Pierre Bessonneau was a French commander of the Hundred Years' War.
His father was a squire of Louis I of Anjou and Pierre also became a squire, this time to the dauphin Charles (the future Charles VII of France). In 1427 he took part in the defence of Pontorson. He took part in the Siege of Orléans (1428–29) as master general and overseer of the king's artillery. He was present at Charles' coronation at Reims on 17 July 1429. In 1434 he was back in the entourage of Louis of Anjou. On 27 December 1444 he was replaced as master of the artillery by Gaspard Bureau.

## Sources

* Georges Minois, Charles VII
# Solo un padre

Solo un padre (also known as The Semi-Serious Adventures of a Single Father, Perfect Skin and Just a Father) is a 2008 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Luca Lucini. It is based on the novel Perfect Skin written by Nick Earls.

## Cast

* Luca Argentero: Carlo
* Diane Fleri: Camille
* Claudia Pandolfi: Melissa
* Anna Foglietta: Caterina
* Fabio Troiano: Giorgio
# Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge

The Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a 4,049 acre (16.4 km$^2$) National Wildlife Refuge located in Lanier County, Georgia. Banks Lake is a natural pocosin or sink of ancient geologic origin. The refuge was established in 1985 for the protection and conservation of this unique environment as well as migratory and resident wildlife.
An estimated 20,000 people visit the refuge each year. There is no dedicated budget or staff for the refuge; it is administered completely by the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge.

## History

Banks Lake is a natural pocosin or mill pond probably created by tidal action of the ocean and shaped by a more temperate climate thousands of years ago.
In the mid-19th century, Joshua Lee built a low-level dam across the drainage creek on his property and utilized the impounded running water to power a grist mill to grind corn, wheat, and rice. The impounded lake and accompanying mill established the area as a trade center along the early stagecoach route between Waresboro, Georgia and Thomasville, Georgia.
In the 1920s, the E.D. Rivers family attempted to develop the area around the lake for electric power and land development.
In the 1970s, the E.D. Rivers Estate threatened to drain the lake and harvest the "lightered stumps" and cypress trees.
The Nature Conservancy purchased the land from the E.D. Rivers Estate on March 14, 1980. In April, 1980, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service entered into a lease agreement with The Nature Conservancy for management and operation of Banks Lake. On February 22, 1985, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service purchased Banks Lake from The Nature Conservancy and redesignated it as the Banks Lake National Wildlife Refuge.

## Topography

Banks Lake is a natural pocosin probably created by tidal action of the ocean and shaped by a more temperate climate thousands of years ago. Of the 4,049 acres (16.4 km$^2$), approximately 1,000 acres (4 km$^2$) is open water. The remainder consists of marsh, hardwood swamp, and uplands.

## Facilities

Fishing is permitted year-round on the lake in accordance with Georgia State fishing laws. Sportfish most caught include largemouth bass, chain pickerel, crappie, bluegill, warmouth perch, flier, and catfish.
A short walking trail, boardwalk and platform are provided for wildlife viewing opportunities
A concession, the Banks Lake Outdoors, rents canoes and kayaks and sells fishing and hunting licenses, bait and tackle, gifts, and snacks.
# Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge

The Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge protects the lower course of the Bill Williams River, to its mouth at Lake Havasu reservoir, in western Arizona. It is located within eastern La Paz and Mohave Counties, in the Lower Colorado River Valley region.
The federal wildlife refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Recreation activities include nature walks, bird watching, hiking, and kayaking on the Bill Williams River.
The Nature Conservancy acquired the land from the Arizona Ranch and Metals Company in 1977 and donated it to the Fish and Wildlife Service.

## Natural history

The habitats of the refuge are a unique blend of Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert uplands, desert riparian zones, and marsh wetlands habitats, provides for a diverse array of flora and fauna.

### Flora

The ecosystem within the Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge is situated in an ecotone (transition zone) between Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert ecoregions, increasing diversity of plant species present within it, There are few places in the Arizona deserts where one can view saguaro cacti forests, wetland broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia) stands, and cottonwood woodlands in a single viewshed.
The refuge protects the largest remaining stand of the cottonwood-willow forests plant community along the lower Colorado River, with Fremont's cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and Goodding's willow (Salix gooddingii) the primary tree species.

### Fauna

The rare desert context riparian habitat of Bill Williams River NWR supports diverse resident fauna, and draws a variety of neotropical migratory birds, from Central and South America en route to their breeding grounds in the north.
The refuge is host to some endangered bird species, including the southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus), which nests on the refuge; and the Yuma rail (Rallus obsoletus yumanensis) which lives in the marsh's broadleaf cattail colonies, and is endemic to the Lower Colorado River Valley.
This refuge's wildlife includes:
* Birds: southwestern willow flycatcher, vermilion flycatcher, yellow-billed cuckoo, western tanager, lazuli bunting, Yuma rail
* Mammals: North American beaver, bobcat, cougar, gray fox, collared peccary, mule deer, desert bighorn sheep, ring-tailed cat.
* Amphibians: Colorado River toad (Incilius alvarius)
* Fish: razorback sucker and bonytail chub.

## Friends of the Refuge

The Friends of the Bill Williams River and Havasu National Wildlife Refuges is a non-profit membership organization that supports the Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge and the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge up on the Colorado River. They advocate for and strive to obtain grants to support refuge projects, conduct fund-raising activities to support environmental education programs, assist refuge staff with several of the refuge's annual events, and help the Fish and Wildlife Service operate and maintain the refuge facilities and programs by providing volunteer labor.
# Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge

The Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge is located in the foothills of the southwestern San Joaquin Valley in Kern County, California. The refuge is one of four units of the Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex for California condors.

## California condors

Elevations on the Refuge range from 1,600 to 4,680 feet (490 to 1,430 m). Purchased to protect dwindling California condor foraging and roosting habitat in 1985, the 14,097-acre (57.05 km$^2$) refuge is the site where the last wild female condor was trapped in 1986.
The reintroduced condors feed and roost on the refuge. The refuge is an integral part of the Service's condor monitoring activities. The most notable physical features of the refuge are the San Andreas Fault, which bisects the refuge, and the dramatic Bitter Creek Canyon.
As of July 2014, there is a total population of 437 condors living in sites in California, Baja California and Arizona. This includes a wild population of 232 and a captive population of 205. Sixty-eight free-flying Condors are managed by the US Fish & Wildlife Service in Southern California.

## Other species

In addition to the California condor, the Bitter Creek Refuge provides grassland, oak woodland, chaparral, pinion pine/juniper/oak woodland, and riparian and wetland habitat for federally listed endangered San Joaquin kit fox, blunt-nosed leopard lizard, giant kangaroo rat, and species of Federal concern such as the western spadefoot toad, the western horned lizard and the tri-colored blackbird.
Other terrestrial species on the refuge include coyote, bobcat, mountain lion, mule deer, pronghorn, tule elk, and western rattlesnake. A total of 119 bird species have been recorded on the refuge including 90 migratory species.
# Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge

Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge is located 60 mi (97 km) northeast of New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., and encompasses 36,000 acres (150 km$^2$) of Pearl River Basin swampland.

## History

On June 30, 1980, President Jimmy Carter signed Public Law 96-288 authorizing the 40,000-acre (160 km$^2$) Bogue Chitto National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Washington and St. Tammany Parishes, Louisiana, and Pearl River County, Mississippi. Since that time, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has been acquiring bottomland hardwood habitat in the Pearl River Basin. On December 13, 1989, Congress authorized a boundary expansion for Bogue Chitto NWR that included an additional 8,400 acres (34 km$^2$) of bottomland hardwoods in St. Tammany Parish. To date, some 36,447 acres (147.50 km$^2$) have been placed under refuge management. The refuge is still in an acquisition phase.

## Access

Access is primarily by boat on the refuge's Louisiana side and road access is available on the refuge's Mississippi side. In the summer of 2002, a new 0.75 mi (1.21 km) walking trail was unveiled on the Louisiana side of the Refuge that allows access into the interior of Bogue Chitto's habitat.

## Wildlife and habitat

The refuge is home to hundreds of bird species. The most abundant species are the Neotropical migrants, including the prothonotary and Swainson's warblers, tyrant flycatchers, yellow-billed cuckoo, and white-eyed vireo. In smaller numbers found on the refuge are migratory game birds such as American woodcock and wild turkey, wading birds such as egrets and herons, waterfowl such as wood duck, and raptors such as hawks and owls. Endangered and threatened species found on the refuge are bald eagle, ringed map turtle, gopher tortoise, inflated heelsplitter, and Gulf sturgeon. White-tail deer, squirrel, turkey and wild boar hunting and fishing are offered to the public.
Bogue Chitto NWR is primarily composed of bottomland hardwood habitat interlaced by the Bogue Chitto and Pearl river systems. Numerous sloughs, bayous and lakes are located on the refuge. Water levels fluctuate by several feet from their low point in the summer to winter/spring flood stage. Over 90% of the refuge can be flooded during seasonal high river periods. The mixed hardwood forest includes Water oak, Overcup Oak, American Elm, Sweetgum, and Red Maple on higher elevations and Bald Cypress, Water Tupelo, and Black Tupelo along the wettest areas. Mid-story in mixed hardwoods includes American Hophornbeam, Southern Arrowwood, Virginia Sweetspire and reproduction of the overstory. Typical mid-story plants along the sloughs and bayous are Buttonbush, Eastern Swampprivet, and Water Elm.
# Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge

Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in the state of Maine. It is one of the five refuges that together make up the Maine Coastal Islands National Wildlife Refuge, along with Petit Manan, Franklin Island, Seal Island, and Pond Island.
Cross Island NWR has a surface area of 1,700 acres (6.9 km$^2$). It is part of the Town of Cutler.

## Islands

Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge consists of six islands:
* Cross Island - 1,489 acres (603 ha)
* Scotch Island - 10 acres (4.0 ha)
* Outer Double Head Shot - 14 acres (5.7 ha)
* Inner Double Head Shot - 8 acres (3.2 ha)
* Mink Island - 11 acres (4.5 ha)
* Old Man Island - 6 acres (2.4 ha)
# Culebra National Wildlife Refuge

The Culebra National Wildlife Refuge (Spanish: Refugio nacional de vida silvestre de Culebra) is a National Wildlife Refuge in Puerto Rico. It is part of the Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, which is a unit of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It is the site of the former Camp Roosevelt.
The wildlife refuge covers an area of 1,450 acres (5.86 square kilometers) or one quarter of the island municipality of Culebra, protecting all of its outlying islands and keys (with the exception of the privately owned Key Norte), and the wetlands and mangroves found in Ensenada Honda and southeast Culebra. The national refuge also includes the forested areas around Monte Resaca, the highest point in Culebra.

## History

Portions of the island of Culebra were first designated a wildlife reserve in 1909 in accordance with an order proclaimed by then President Theodore Roosevelt. At the time, Culebra was administered by the United States Navy, and several areas were used for gunnery and bombing practice by the Navy and the Marine Corps until 1976. Portions of the Navy-administered lands were returned to the Puerto Rican government in 1977 while jurisdiction over the rest of the zone was passed to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. On-site administration of the refuge was established in 1983.

## Background

More than 50,000 seabirds of 13 species breed and nurture their young at the refuge annually, with the largest sooty tern nesting in the Culebra archipelago being found on Peninsula Flamenco.
Many other bird species permanently call Culebra home while three species of sea turtles, including leatherback and hawksbill, use the waters surrounding Culebra and nest on refuge beaches.

## Gallery

* Volunteers relocating sea turtle nests at Culebra NWR.
# D'Arbonne National Wildlife Refuge

D'Arbonne National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located north of West Monroe, Louisiana. It is in Ouachita and Union Parishes on either side of Bayou D'Arbonne near its confluence with the Ouachita River. It lies on the western edge of the Mississippi River alluvial valley. It was established in 1975 to protect bottomland hardwoods and provide wintering habitat for migratory waterfowl. D'Arbonne is one of four refuges managed in the North Louisiana Refuges Complex.

## Ecology

The refuge is bisected by 13 miles of Bayou D'Arbonne and is crisscrossed by numerous creeks, sloughs, and oxbow lakes. Cypress swamps and bottomland hardwood and upland forests provide several types of habitat for native plants and animals. Local species include the American alligator, Rafinesque's big-eared bat, the bald eagle, and the red-cockaded woodpecker.
In years of normal or above rainfall, the refuge's bottomland hardwood forest is a very important overflow area for the Ouachita River basin. High water levels, which usually occur between January and May, can flood up to 87% of the refuge. The wetland forests not only provide habitat to wetland-dependent wildlife, but they also reduce damage from flooding in developed areas. They filter silt and pollutants from the water and they provide recharge areas for aquifers.

## Recreation

No camping is allowed on the refuge. Camping areas can be found in nearby Lake D'Arbonne State Park.
# Ismail Omar (footballer)

Ismail Omar (Arabic: إسماعيل عمر; born 21 March 1992) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays for Jeddah as a winger.

## Career

Ismail started his career at the youth team of Jeddah and made his first team debut in 2014. On 8 September 2020, he joined Al-Faisaly on a three-year contract. On 27 May 2021, Omar started the 2021 King Cup Final against Al-Taawoun and helped Al-Faisaly win their first title. On 30 July 2023, Omar joined Al-Batin.

## Honours

Al-Faisaly
* King Cup: 2020–21
# Jai Prakash Bhai Patel

Jai Prakash Bhai Patel is an Indian politician from Jharkhand. He was elected to the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from Mandu Assembly constituency as a member of the Bharatiya Janta Party. Patel is a son of late Tek Lal Mahto. He left Bharatiya Janata Party and joined Indian National Congress on 20 March 2024.
# Luis Closa

Luis Alberto Closa (born 10 March 1984), commonly known as Luis Closa, is a Paraguayan professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Career

Luis Closa has played for 10 professional clubs in his career, in countries like Paraguay, Colombia, Argentina, Peru and Singapore. He started off his career with 12 de Octubre, before moving out of Paraguay to Columbia to join Deportes Tolima.
Although he returned to Paraguayan side Club Rubio Ñu in 2011, he left for Argentina in 2012, before returning to his home country in 2013. He subsequently joined five-time S.League champions Tampines Rovers in 2014.