OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Blue Duck River

The Blue Duck River is a river of New Zealand. A tributary of the Dart River / Te Awa Whakatipu, it rises to the south of the Blue Duck Glacier, flowing into that river east of Cattle Flat.
# AP College Football Player of the Year

The AP College Football Player of the Year award has been awarded annually since 1998 to the most outstanding collegiate football player in the country. The winner is chosen by a vote of Associated Press (AP) sportswriters and editors. Since 2004, the award winner has gone on to win the Heisman Trophy during the same voting cycle in every year except 2009 (Ndamukong Suh) and 2015 (Christian McCaffrey).

## Winners

| Season | Player | Position | School |
| 1998 | Ricky Williams | RB | Texas |
| 1999 | Ron Dayne | RB | Wisconsin |
| 2000 | Josh Heupel | QB | Oklahoma |
| 2001 | Rex Grossman | QB | Florida |
| 2002 | Brad Banks | QB | Iowa |
| 2003 | Jason White | QB | Oklahoma |
| 2004 | Matt Leinart | QB | USC |
| 2005 | Reggie Bush | RB | USC |
| 2006 | Troy Smith | QB | Ohio State |
| 2007 | Tim Tebow | QB | Florida |
| 2008 | Sam Bradford | QB | Oklahoma |
| 2009 | Ndamukong Suh | DT | Nebraska |
| 2010 | Cam Newton | QB | Auburn |
| 2011 | Robert Griffin III | QB | Baylor |
| 2012 | Johnny Manziel | QB | Texas A&M |
| 2013 | Jameis Winston | QB | Florida State |
| 2014 | Marcus Mariota | QB | Oregon |
| 2015 | Christian McCaffrey | RB | Stanford |
| 2016 | Lamar Jackson | QB | Louisville |
| 2017 | Baker Mayfield | QB | Oklahoma |
| 2018 | Kyler Murray | QB | Oklahoma |
| 2019 | Joe Burrow | QB | LSU |
| 2020 | DeVonta Smith | WR | Alabama |
| 2021 | Bryce Young | QB | Alabama |
| 2022 | Caleb Williams | QB | USC |
| 2023 | Jayden Daniels | QB | LSU |
| 2024 | Travis Hunter | CB/WR | Colorado |

## Winners by school

| School | Trophies won |
| Oklahoma | 5 |
| USC | 3 |
| Alabama | 2 |
| Florida | 2 |
| LSU | 2 |
| Auburn | 1 |
| Baylor | 1 |
| Colorado | 1 |
| Florida State | 1 |
| Iowa | 1 |
| Louisville | 1 |
| Nebraska | 1 |
| Ohio State | 1 |
| Oregon | 1 |
| Stanford | 1 |
| Texas | 1 |
| Texas A&M | 1 |
| Wisconsin | 1 |
# Dihydromaltophilin

Dihydromaltophilin, or heat stable anti-fungal factor (HSAF), is a secondary metabolite of bacteria in the genera Streptomyces and Lysobacter. HSAF is a polycyclic tetramate lactam containing a single tetramic acid unit and a 5,5,6-tricyclic system. HSAF has been shown to have anti-fungal activity mediated through the disruption of a ceramide synthase that is unique to fungi.

## Biosynthesis

The backbone of HSAF is formed through a hybrid PKS-NRPS cluster containing one nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) module and one polyketide synthase (PKS) module. The single PKS module functions in a non-canonical fashion in that it is an iterative type I PKS responsible for the generation of the two unique polyketides needed in the backbone of HSAF using malonyl-CoA as both the starter and extender unit, while the NRPS module is responsible for the linking of the polyketides to an L-ornithine unit and the initial cyclization to create the tetramate back bone. The coding region related to HSAF production contains a PKS-NRPS with a total of 9 domains, (KS-AT-DH-KR-ACP-C-A-PCP-TE), while a cascade of FAD-dependent redox reactions (OX1-OX4) flank the PKS-NRPS cluster proposed to be responsible for formation of the 5,5,6-tricyclic system, there are additional coding regions for a putative regulator, an arginase for L-ornithine production from Arginine, and a transporter which flank the PKS-NRPS.
# Milouš Kvaček

Milouš Kvaček (19 November 1933 – 14 May 2010) was a Czech professional football player and manager who played for the Spartak Hradec Králové side that won the 1959–60 Czechoslovak First League title.

## Playing career

Kvaček spent most of his playing career in the Czechoslovak First League, playing for FK Mladá Boleslav, Spartak Hradec Králové, TJ Jablonec nad Jisou and FC Slovan Liberec. He also had a brief spell playing in Australia for Sydney Prague. Overall, he appeared in 141 Czechoslovak First League matches and scored 52 league goals.

## Career as manager

Following retirement as a player, he managed several clubs, including FK Mladá Boleslav in the second division in the 1975–76 season. He also led the Czechoslovakia Olympic football team, and also coached teams in Malaysia and Singapore. He led Kedah FA into two Malaysia Cup finals, winning the 1990 final.
In Singapore, he had a brief stint as national team coach in 1992 and also coached the Singapore Lions in Malaysia Cup. Kvacek also worked as a technical director for SAFFC in the S.League from 1996 to 1997.
# Zac Evans

Zacharia Douglas Evans (born 3 May 1991) is a Welsh footballer who plays as a midfielder for Newtown.

## Playing career

On 13 August 2010, Presteigne-born Evans joined Hereford United of League Two on a one-year deal. He made his debut in the Football League Trophy second round 3–0 defeat by Exeter City on 5 October 2010, replacing Richard Rose on 56 minutes but was released in January 2011.
Evans joined Welsh Premier League club Newtown towards the end of the 2009–2010. He failed to score his first goal for Newtown. Saturday 17 December 2011 as a penalty against Airbus UK in a Welsh Premier League match.
# VPI

VPI may refer to:

## Science and technology

* Vapor phase infiltration, a technique
* Velopharyngeal insufficiency, a medical disorder
* Verilog Procedural Interface, a programming interface
* Virtual path identifier, in computer networking
* Virtual protocol interconnect, a feature of Mellanox Technologies

## Organizations

* Vertical Politics Institute, a conservative political action committee
* Vietnam Petroleum Institute
* Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, official name of Virginia Tech, a US university
* Visegrad Patent Institute, a patent organization created by the four Visegrad countries
* VPI Industries, a manufacturer of phonographs

## Other uses

* Vocational Preference Inventory, by John L. Holland
# Jessie Phipps

Dame Jessie Wilton Phipps (née Duncan; 9 February 1855 – 7 August 1934) was an American-born British politician who served on London County Council.
Born at 1 Fifth Avenue in New York as Jessie Percy Butler Duncan, her parents were William Butler Duncan and Jane Percy Sargent. In 1876, she married William Wilton Phipps, from Wiltshire in England and in 1880 the couple moved to the United Kingdom, settling in London the following year. There, she struck up a friendship with Maude Lawrence, and this led her to become the manager of several schools in Chelsea.
Phipps was elected to London County Council in 1907, as a Municipal Reform Party member, and in 1913 she became an alderman. From 1907, she served on the council's education committee, chairing it from 1923 to 1926, the first woman to do so. She served as vice-chair of the council in 1920/21, also the first woman to hold this post.
In 1926, Phipps was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. She reduced her commitments on the council, and from 1926 to 1931 chaired the Central Council for the London Blind. This was inspired by her own failing eyesight, and by 1931 this increasingly poor sight led her to give up her work.
# Tomáš Gerát

Tomáš Gerát (born 15 June 1993) is a Slovak football player who currently plays for MFK Tatran Liptovský Mikuláš as a midfielder.

## Career
### MFK Ružomberok

He made his professional debut for Ružomberok against ViOn Zlaté Moravce on 19 July 2014.
# Abdo al-Tallawi

Abdo al Tallawi (Arabic: عبدو التلاوي) was a Syrian general who was killed in 2011 in the Siege of Homs during the course of the Syrian civil war. His two sons and nephew were also killed during the fighting.
# XEDA-FM

XEDA-FM is a radio station in Mexico City owned by Grupo Imagen. XEDA-FM is the flagship station of the Imagen Radio news/talk network which is available to other Mexican cities through Imagen's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates.
XEDA-FM is authorized to broadcast in HD. but the station doesn't use this feature. The transmitter site is located atop Cerro del Chiquihuite.

## History

In 1968, Publicistas, S.A., received the concession to sign on XEDA-FM 90.5 in Mexico City, and was later acquired by Grupo Imagen, who branded the station as "Radio Imagen" airing contemporary music. In 1992, it adopted a Top 40 format as "Pulsar FM". In 2000, it became a talk station, simply known as "Imagen 90.5" and soon forming a national network. It still retains some musical programming in the overnight hours.

## Affiliates owned by Grupo Imagen

* XHQOO-FM 90.7 MHz - Cancún, Quintana Roo
* XHCHI-FM 97.3 MHz - Chihuahua, Chihuahua
* XHPCPG-FM 98.1 MHz - Chilpancingo, Guerrero
* XEDA-FM 90.5 MHz - México City
* XHCC-FM 89.3 MHz - Colima, Colima
* XHSC-FM 93.9 MHz - Guadalajara, Jalisco
* XHHLL-FM 90.7 MHz (HD2) - Hermosillo, Sonora
* XHCCCT-FM 94.1 MHz - Mérida, Yucatán
* XHCMS-FM 105.5 MHz - Mexicali, Baja California
* XHMN-FM 107.7 MHz - Monterrey, Nuevo León
* XHTLN-FM 94.1 MHz - Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas
* XHOLA-FM 105.1 MHz - Puebla, Puebla
* XHOZ-FM 94.7 MHz - Querétaro, Queretaro
* XHRP-FM 94.7 MHz - Saltillo, Coahuila
* XHEPO-FM 103.1 MHz - San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi
* XHMIG-FM 105.9 MHz - San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato
* XHMDR-FM 103.1 MHz - Tampico, Tamaulipas
* XHLTN-FM 104.5 MHz (HD2) - Tijuana, Baja California
* XHEN-FM 100.3 MHz - Torreón, Coahuila
* XHQRV-FM 92.5 MHz - Veracruz, Veracruz
# Keefe

Keefe is both a surname and a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
* Adam Keefe (basketball) (born 1970), American basketball player
* Adam Keefe (ice hockey) (born 1984), Canadian ice hockey player
* Anne Keefe (theatre director), American theatre director
* Bobby Keefe (1882–1964), American baseball player
* Brian Keefe, American basketball coach
* Daniel Keefe (1852–1929), American labor leader
* Dave Keefe (1897–1978), American baseball player
* David Keefe (born 1957), English footballer
* Denis Keefe (born 1958), British ambassador to Serbia
* Dylan Keefe (born 1970), American musician
* Emmett Keefe (1893–1965), American football player
* Frank Bateman Keefe (1887–1952), American politician
* George Keefe (1867–1935), American baseball player
* James Keefe (18th century), Irish Roman Catholic bishop
* Jim Keefe (born 1965), American comic strip cartoonist
* John Keefe (baseball) (1867–1937), American baseball player
* John Keefe (actor) (born 1979), American actor
* John B. Keefe (1928–1997), American lawyer, judge, and politician
* Melinda H. Keefe, American chemist
* Michael Edwin Keefe (1844–1933), Canadian politician
* Mike Keefe (born 1946), American editorial cartoonist
* P. J. Keefe, American football coach
* Patrick Radden Keefe (born 1976), American writer and investigative journalist
* Peter Keefe (1952–2010), American television producer
* Rob Keefe (born 1980), American Arena Football League player and coach
* Sheldon Keefe (born 1980), Canadian ice hockey player
* Simon Keefe (born 1968), British musicologist and author
* Stephen Keefe (born 1945), American politician and chemist
* Susan Keefe, American anthropologist and author
* Tim Keefe (1857–1933), American baseball player
* William John Keefe (1873–1955), American judge
* Zena Keefe (1896–1977), American actress
Given name:
* Keefe Brasselle (1923–1981), American actor, television producer and writer
* Keefe Cato (born 1957), American baseball player

## Fictional characters

* Keefe Sencen, a character in the Keeper of the Lost Cities book series
* Keefe Lee, a character in The Butterfly Effect duology

## Places

* Keefe Peak, a mountain in Colorado
# Rescue (Echo & the Bunnymen song)

"Rescue" is the second single released by the band Echo & the Bunnymen. It was released on 5 May 1980 and subsequently included on the Crocodiles album, which was released on 18 July 1980. It was the band's first single to chart, reaching number 62 on the UK Singles Chart. It was also their first release on the newly formed Korova label.
On the single's release, Smash Hits described it as "attractive left field pop" that had "sparse guitaring reminiscent of early Cure and plenty of deadpan melodic bite".
The single was reissued as a limited edition 7" single on 4 December 2006 on the same label and with the same catalogue number, KOW 1, and reached number 177 on the UK Singles Chart. A promo 7" version was also released by Korova in January 1983.
The song was covered by the Scottish rock group Idlewild on the B-side of their 2000 single "These Wooden Ideas," and by the American band Rogue Wave on the 2016 album of 80s covers, Cover Me.

## Formats and track listings

All tracks written by Will Sergeant, Ian McCulloch, Les Pattinson and Pete de Freitas.

### 1980 and 2006 7" single (KOW 1)

* "Rescue"
* "Simple Stuff"

### 1980 12" single (KOW 1T)

* "Rescue"
* "Simple Stuff"
* "Pride"

### 1983 7" promo single (SAM271)

* "Rescue"
* "Never Stop"
* "The Cutter"

## Chart positions

| Chart | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart (1980) | 62 |
| UK Singles Chart (2006) | 177 |
# Cascade River (New Zealand)

The Cascade River (Māori: Tahutahi) is a river of the South Island of New Zealand. It flows north for 30 kilometres (19 mi) from its source in Mount Aspiring National Park in the Southern Alps, forming a deep valley between the Olivine Range and Red Hills Range. From the end of this valley it turns west to cross a low-lying swampy floodplain before entering the Tasman Sea close to Cascade Point, a headland halfway between Big Bay and Jackson Bay.
# Daikundi (Hazara tribe)

Daikundi also spelled as Dai Kundi, (Dari: دایکندی) is one of the major tribes of Hazara people in Afghanistan mostly in Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region.

## Geographical distribution

They live in Daikundi Province and the Lal Wa Sarjangal, Chaghcharan, Dawlatabad, Charsadda, and Pasaband districts of Ghor Province. Daikundi Hazaras remained secluded and unhinged from the devastation and the resulting uprooting of different Hazara tribes, after the Battle of Uruzgan.
The Daikundi have traditionally been very closely allied with the Daizangi.

## Subclans

Subsets of the Daikundi include the Ainak, Alak, Babuli, Baibagh, Barat, Bubak, Chahkuk, Chahush, Chora, Dawlat Beg, Doda, Fihristan, Haider Beg, Jami, Jasha, Kalanzai, Kaum-i-Ali, Khudi, Khushak, Mamaka, Mir Hazar, Neka, Roshan Beg, and Saru.

## Background

Daikundi Province was created from the upper half of the Uruzgan province of Afghanistan in 2004. It partially fulfilled the Hazara demand that their land is restored to them. The Hazaras were uprooted from Uruzgan after the 1893 Battle of Uruzgan, and the Pashtun tribes were settled on their land.
# Fichu

A fichu (/ˈfiːʃuː/, from the French "thrown over") is a large, square kerchief worn by women to fill in the low neckline of a bodice.

## Description

It originated in the United Kingdom in the 18th century and remained popular there and in France through the 19th with many variations, as well as in the United States. The fichu was generally of linen fabric and was folded diagonally into a triangle and tied, pinned, or tucked into the bodice in front.
A fichu is sometimes used with a brooch to conceal the closure of a décolleté neckline. The fichu can thus be fastened in the front, or crossed over the chest. The cross-over fichu sometimes extended all the way to the back. Some models include a large over-the-shoulders back piece.
The fichu found in several traditional cultures resembles a poncho that covers only the shoulders and chest.

## Gallery

* Elizabeth Sewall Salisbury wears an embroidered fichu pinned at the neck, 1789.
* Jeune femme au fichu blanc, between 1790 and 1800
* American or European, cotton, mid-19th century.
* Probably American, cotton, mid-19th century.
* French, silk, mid-19th century.
* British, linen, knotted, mid-19th century.
* American or European, silk, mid-19th century.
* Fichu en indienne, traditionally worn in the Comtat Venaissin.
# Ingegerdsleden

Ingegerdsleden ("the Ingegerd trail") is a pilgrimage route in the province of Uppland in Sweden, between Stockholm Cathedral (Storkyrkan) and Uppsala Cathedral (Uppsala domkyrka). The hiking trail is approximately 110 kilometres (68 mi) and passes historical places, churches, palaces and nature reserves.
The trail is named after the Swedish princess Ingegerd Olofsdotter, daughter of Swedish king Olof Skötkonung and who after she married became Grand princess of Kiev.
After her death Ingegerd was later declared a saint by the name of St. Anna in Novgorod.

## Route

The Ingegerd trail is divided into seven separate walks:
* Stockholm Cathedral – Ulriksdal - Kista Church 22 km
* Kista Church - Ed Church 16 km
* Ed Church - Rosersberg Palace 14 km
* Rosersberg Palace - Sigtuna 13 km
* Sigtuna - Odensala Church 14 km
* Odensala Church - Alsike Church 14 km
* Alsike Church - Sunnersta Church - Uppsala Cathedral 18 km
In addition to these, there are alternative stretches for easy access to, for example, public transport.
# Red Pyke River

The Red Pyke River is a river in northern Fiordland, New Zealand, located in Mount Aspiring National Park. It is a tributary of the Pyke River, rising east of Telescope Hill and flowing southwards to join the Pyke River at Pyke Gorge, west of Red Mountain.
# By the Tree

By the Tree was a contemporary Christian rock group. They were active from 1997 to 2007, releasing two self-produced albums followed by six albums with Fervent Records. Their notable successes included their 2001 album Invade My Soul, which won two Dove Awards, and their number-one hit "Beautiful One".

## Overview

By the Tree was founded in Weatherford, Texas in 1997 by Chuck Dennie and Bala Boyd.
By the Tree got their start playing a series of small venues — predominantly churches — throughout the southern and southwestern United States. In 1999 they released two independent, self-produced CDs, which they sold at their concerts. By 2001, these two CDs had sold a combined 30,000 units, which more than recouped their production costs, and additionally brought them to the attention of the Christian music industry.
The band eventually signed with Fervent Records, part of the BMG music publishing company. Their first national U.S. commercial recording was Invade My Soul. The album charted on the Billboard Christian Albums chart and Independent chart. The album eventually went on to win two Dove Awards: The album itself won Best Modern Rock/Alternative Album, and the album's title track won Best Recorded Song.
By the Tree achieved a number-one hit single with a cover of Tim Hughes's song "Beautiful One" in 2004. The song reached the number-one position on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart on October 30, 2004, and stayed in the top spot for four weeks. By the Tree released four albums under the Fervent label.

## Members

Current
* Chuck Dennie – vocals
* Aaron Blanton – drums
* Ben Davis – bass
Former
* K.S. Rhoads – vocals, guitar
* Samuel McKern – drums
* Charlie Goddard – vocals, guitar
* Garrett Goodwin – drums
* Dustin Sauder – lead guitar, vocals
* David Canington – keyboard, guitar
* John Dennie – guitar
* Ryan Tallent – bass guitar, keyboards, vocals, production/engineering

## Discography

* Passion for Jesus (1999) (Self-produced and distributed)
* Shoot Me Down (1999) (Self-produced and distributed)
* Invade My Soul (Fervent Records, 2001) U.S. Christian No. 35
* These Days (Fervent, 2002) U.S. Christian No. 17
* Root (Fervent, 2003) U.S. Christian No. 15
* Hold You High (Fervent, 2004)
* World On Fire (Fervent, 2006)
* Beautiful One: The Best of By the Tree (Fervent, 2007)

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name :
| Year | Title | Peak positions | Peak positions | Album |
| Year | Title | US Christ. | US Christ. AC | Album |
| 2004 | "Beautiful One" | 1 | 1 | Hold You High |
| 2005 | "Hold You High" | 25 | 24 | Hold You High |
| 2005 | "Only To You" | — | 40 | Hold You High |
# Shabana (actress)

Afroza Sultana Ratna (born 5 June 1950), best known by her stage name Shabana, is a Bangladeshi film actress. She earned a total of ten Bangladesh National Film Awards. Her national film award-winning roles were in Janani (1977), Sokhi Tumi Kar (1980), Dui Poisar Alta (1982), Nazma (1983), Bhat De (1984), Apeksha (1987), Ranga Bhabi (1989), Moroner Pore (1990) and Achena (1991). Across her three-decade-long career, she appeared in 299 films. She co-starred with Alamgir in 130 of them.
In 1981, Shabana attended the 12th Moscow International Film Festival where she met actress Natalya Belokhvostikova. Shabana starred in the film Bhat De for which she received the National Film Award as Best Actress in 1984 and attended the Cannes Film Festival. Shabana served as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador and helped with vaccination campaigns against polio in Bangladesh in 1988 and 1989. She was photographed with fellow UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador actress, Audrey Hepburn, in 1989. In July 2017, Shabana was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by Prime Minister for her contribution as an actress to the Bangladeshi film industry.

## Early life and career

Shabana's family has originated in Dabua, Raozan area in Chittagong. She started her acting career co-starring with Pakistani actor Nadeem in Urdu film Chakori in 1967. She acted in 299 films in Bengali and Urdu, and one in Hindi titled Shatru where she starred with Indian actor Rajesh Khanna in 1986. The film was directed by Pramod Chakravorty. She acted with Nadeem, Razzak, Bulbul Ahmed, Prabir Mitra, Shawkat Akbar, Subhash Dutta, Rahman, Syed Hasan Imam, Ujjal, Zafar Iqbal, Alamgir, Jashim, ATM Shamsuzzaman, Khasru, Sohel Rana, Mahmud Koli, Ilyas Kanchan, Wasim (actor), Humayun Faridi, Javed Sheikh and Rajesh Khanna.

### Shabana-Nadeem pair

Shabana first acted with Pakistani film actor Nadeem in her debut Urdu film Chakori in 1967. Her performances in the films Anari, Chotey Sahab, Chand aur Chandni and Chand Suraj, an experimental film with the first half devoted to the relationship between Waheed Murad and Rozina and the unconnected second half focused on Shabana and Nadeem, received international critical acclaim.
She resurfaced in Pakistani movies during the 80s, when co-productions among South Asian countries became popular, including roles in Basera (1984) and Aandhi (1991), both co-starring Nadeem. She also starred in the Pakistan-Turkey co-production Halchal with Javed Sheikh in 1986.

## Personal life

Shabana retired from acting in 1998 and immigrated to the United States to live with her family. She has been married to Bangladeshi film producer Wahid Sadique since 1973. They have two daughters and one son. Her daughter graduated from Yale and attended Harvard University for her doctoral work. Her son works in finance.
# Rupert Shipperley

Rupert Scott Shipperley (born 21 November 1992) is a Welsh international field hockey player who plays as a midfielder or forward for Wales and Great Britain.
He plays club hockey in the Men's England Hockey League Premier Division for Hampstead & Westminster.
He has also played for Surbiton and Cardiff & Met.
Before being selected for Tokyo 2020, he was a Geography teacher at King's College School, Wimbledon.

## International career

Shipperley made his senior debut for Wales on 13 May 2014, in a 0–5 defeat to Spain in Spain. He played for Wales at Hockey at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast and 2019 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship, where they finished 6th. He was selected to represent Great Britain at the 2024 Summer Olympics. The team went out in the quarter-finals after losing a penalty shootout to India.
# Abednego Mazibuko

Abednego Mazibuko ( born Mpindela Abednego Mazibuko, March 12, 1954 ) is a member of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, a South African choral group founded in 1960 - and still led - by his cousin Joseph.
Abednego was born in Ladysmith, South Africa, and was the youngest of six sons; the others being Albert, Milton, Funokwakhe, Mehlo, and Ngali Mazibuko. Abednego joined the group in 1974 as a bass singer. whilst Walter Malinga left the lineup in 1972
After the death of his brother Milton in 1984 after the Ibhayibheli Liyindlela album, Abednego remained in the line-up with Albert and has been a full-time member of the group since the early 1980s.