OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon

Pumpkin: The Curious History of an American Icon is a 2012 book by Cindy Ott. The author follows the history of the pumpkin, from Native American diet staple, to food for peasants, feed for livestock, and now as the symbol of autumn and a multi-million dollar industry. Once considered a desperate substitute to use in beer and bread, only in the absence of barley and wheat, the pumpkin's popularity grew out the romantic nostalgia of rural residents turned city-dwellers, and its commercialization has now reached unprecedented heights. Ott traces the shifting status of the pumpkin in American culture. The author goes as far as to paint the pumpkin as a cultural icon that helped forge a uniquely American identity.
# Teter Creek Lake Wildlife Management Area

Teter Creek Lake Wildlife Management Area is located about 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Belington in Barbour County, West Virginia. It is located on 137 acres (55 ha) of sloping terrain along the shores of Teter Creek Lake.

## Hunting and fishing

Hunting opportunities in Teter Creek Lake WMA include deer, grouse, raccoon, squirrel, turkey and waterfowl. Hunting opportunities are limited by the small size of the WMA.
Fishing opportunities on the 35-acre (14 ha) Teter Creek Lake include largemouth bass, bluegill, channel catfish, tiger musky, and stocked trout. Only electric-powered motors are allowed on boats on Teter Creek Lake.
Rustic camping is available with 20 sites for tents or trailers at the WMA. A boat ramp and handicapped fishing trail are provided at the WMA.
# Tex Creek Wildlife Management Area

Tex Creek Wildlife Management Area at 34,000 acres (140 km$^2$) is an Idaho wildlife management area in Bonneville County east of Idaho Falls. The WMA land was originally obtained to provide mitigation for the construction of the Ririe and Teton dams.
The WMA supports moose, elk, mule deer and other game species over range of habitats. There are opportunities for hiking, horseback riding, and hunting in the WMA.
# Upper Deckers Creek Wildlife Management Area

Upper Deckers Creek Wildlife Management Area, is located about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Reedsville, West Virginia in Preston County. Upper Deckers Creek WMA is located on 56 acres (23 ha), consisting of two small fishing ponds and surrounding forested rolling hills.
The WMA is accessed from County Route 27/3 about one mile north of Reedsville.

## Hunting and fishing

Hunting opportunities are limited by the small size of the WMA and the nearby housing. Waterfowl can be taken from the impoundments.
Upper Deckers Creek WMA provides fishing opportunities for bluegill.
Camping is not permitted at the WMA.
# Warrior Mountain Wildlife Management Area

Warrior Mountain Wildlife Management Area is a Wildlife Management Area in Oldtown, Allegany County, Maryland.
# Timothy "Yogi" Watts

Timothy "Yogi" Watts is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the Christian metal band Demon Hunter since 2004. He was the fourth drummer for The Showdown, original drummer for The Lonely Hearts (originally named Holland), and fill-in drummer for Throwdown as well as The Becoming.

## History

Before joining Demon Hunter, Watts was the original drummer for The Lonely Hearts (Originally called Holland), performing on their albums Photographs & Tidalwaves and Paper Tapes.
After leaving the Lonely Hearts, Demon Hunter hit the road that summer with Watts as their touring drummer, as Jesse Sprinkle could not make the tour. This time Demon Hunter took with them rock/post-hardcore band Dead Poetic, along with fellow Solid State metalcore band Haste the Day. Post-hardcore band Staple replaced Haste the Day towards the end of the tour. Watts' Demon Hunter debut, as well as Ethan Luck's, was The Triptych.
Watts replaced A.J. Barrette of the heavy metal band The Showdown, as fellow Demon Hunter member Jeremiah Scott replaced Eric Koruschak, who played bass. Watts only appeared on Blood in the Gears before being replaced by Isaac Harris. The Showdown went on indefinite hiatus soon after.
Watts played live for Throwdown on the Brawloween Tour in 2011. He is currently playing drums live for Benton Blount, a fairly new country artist, along with Demon Hunter guitarist Patrick Judge. In 2007 he played drums on John Davis' second solo album, Arigato!, recording the tracks in just two days. He also played drums for The Becoming who has hosted members of Demon Hunter and Project 86, while Patrick Judge playing Guitars again.
In 2015, Watts' home caught fire, destroying their home and everything inside, save for their four pet ferrets. Watts and his wife were returning from a doctor's visit, as the couple were at the time expecting their first child, to find their apartment complex in flames. His wife was 39 weeks pregnant at the time. They had their child soon after the accident. By September, Watts, his wife and his daughter moved into their new house. Watts played for The Letter Black and played The Kingdom Festival in Greentown in June 2023.

## Bands
### Current

* Demon Hunter (2004–present)
* World Gone Cold (2023–present)
* The Letter Black (2023-present)

### Former

* The Lonely Hearts (2003–2006)
* The Showdown (2009–2010)
* The Becoming

### Live

* Throwdown (2011)
* Benton Blout (2014–present)
* Superdrag

### Session

* John Davis (2007)

## Discography
### The Lonely Hearts

* Photographs & Tidalwaves (2003; as Holland)
* Paper Tapes (2006)

### Demon Hunter

* The Triptych (2005)
* Storm the Gates of Hell (2007)
* 45 Days (2008)
* Live in Nashville (2008)
* The World Is a Thorn (2010)
* True Defiance (2012)
* Extremist (2014)
* Outlive (2017)
* War (2019)
* Peace (2019)
* Songs of Death and Resurrection (2021)
* Exile (2022)

### The Showdown

* Blood in the Gears (2011)

### John Davis

* Arigato! (2007)
# Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 60

The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 60 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Blair, Centre and Clearfield Counties in Pennsylvania in the United States providing hunting, bird watching, and other activities.

## Geography

Game Lands Number 60 consists of two parcels located in Snyder Township in Blair County, Rush and Taylor Townships in Centre County, and in Beccaria, Bigler and Gulich Townships in Clearfield County. Prince Gallitzin State Park and Glendale Lake are located to the southwest, Rothrock State Forest and Stone Valley Forest are located to the southeast. Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 108 and 158 are located to the southeast, 120 is located to the west, 33 is located to the northeast, and 176 is located to the east. The western parcel of the Game Lands is drained by Clearfield Creek, and the western portion of the eastern parcel is drained by Moshannon Creek, and the eastern portion by Bald Eagle Creek. All are part of the Susquehanna River watershed. Nearby communities include populated places Almaden, Bald Eagle, Banian Junction, Beccaria, Beulah, Chesterfield, Fernwood, Gardner, Ginter, Glen Hope, Hale, Hegarty Crossroads, Heverly, Janesville, Kendrick, Morann, New London, Northwood, Ramey, Sandy Ridge, Smoke Run, Tyrone, Utahville, Viola, Waltzvale, and Whiteside. Pennsylvania Route 253 is north/south oriented to the east of the western parcel, Pennsylvania Route 729 runs to the west and south. Pennsylvania Route 453 runs west and south of the eastern parcel, and Pennsylvania Route 350 separates SGL 60 and Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 33. The highway carrying Interstate 99 and U.S. Route 220 also lies to the south of the eastern parcel.

## Statistics

SGL 324 was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on 24 September 2008 as identification number 1188519, listing the elevation as 2,470 feet (750 m). It consists of 8,764 acres (3,547 ha) in two parcels. Elevations in the western parcel range from 1,360 feet (410 m) along Muddy Run to 1,645 feet (501 m) near Mayo Lane east of Pennsylvania Route 253, and elevations in the western parcel range from 1,540 feet (470 m) along Pennsylvania Route 350 near Big Fill Run to 2,656 feet (810 m) near Old Hoover Road off Pennsylvania Route 453.

## Biology

Hunting and trapping species include bear (Ursus americanus), deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).
# Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 314

The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 314 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Erie County in Pennsylvania in the United States primarily used for deer, turkey, fox, squirrel, gray squirrel, and American woodcock hunting. The park is borderer on its western edge by Ohio and on the north by Lake Erie.

## Background

The land originally was originally owned by U.S. Steel before being acquired by the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy in 1989 and then turned over to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1991 to be managed by the Pennsylvania Game Commission. Established as the Roderick Wildlife Reserve, it was designated for hiking, fishing, cross-country skiing and walking along the beach.
The hunting mostly commonly done at the Game Lands is for deer, turkey, fox, squirrel, gray squirrel, and American woodcock. There are also those who hunt rabbit and ring-necked pheasant. Additionally, there is an opportunity for dog hunting with coyote in the park. According to the PA Game Commission, the hunting of crows in the park has been controversial. This activity has been controversial due to crow hunters not cleaning up their kill properly.
The David M. Roderick Reserve, which sits adjacent to Erie Bluffs State Park is a 3,600 acres (1,500 ha) wildlife reserve on the Erie shoreline. It was sold to the Pennsylvania Game Commission, and is named after former U.S. Steel CEO David M. Roderick.
# Tân Định, District 1

Tân Định is a ward (phường) of District 1 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Tân Định Church is in District 3, but refers to a parish by this name as Tân Định was a village established from villages of Xuân Hòa (in District 3) and Phú Hòa (in District 1) in the past.
Its name in Hán Nôm is 新定.
# Vic Gustafson

Victor Gustafson (c. 1905 – ?) was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois for six seasons, from 1929 to 1934, compiling a record of 14–27–5.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Wheaton Crusaders (Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference) (1929–1934) ||||||
| 1929 | Wheaton | 2–6–1 | 1–4–1 | T–18th |
| 1930 | Wheaton | 2–6 | 0–4 | 20th |
| 1931 | Wheaton | 3–5 | 0–3 | 22nd |
| 1932 | Wheaton | 4–3 | 1–3 | T–15th |
| 1933 | Wheaton | 2–2–3 | 1–2–2 | T–15th |
| 1934 | Wheaton | 1–5–1 | 0–4–1 | 18th |
| Wheaton: | Wheaton: | 14–27–5 | 3–20–4 | |
| Total: | Total: | 14–27–5 | | |
# Armando Favalli

Armando or Armanno Favalli (20 May 1939 – 10 June 1965) was an Italian footballer who played as a midfielder or forward.
He was part of Italy's squad for the 1960 Olympic Football Tournament. His brother Erminio was also a footballer, arriving in Foggia the year Armando died. He died on 10 June 1967 in a car crash at the age of 47.
# Blocking (linguistics)

In linguistics, blocking is the morphological phenomenon in which a possible form for a word cannot surface because it is "blocked" by another form whose features are the most appropriate to the surface form's environment. More basically, it may also be construed as the "non-occurrence of one form due to the simple existence of another."
Word formation employs processes such as the plural marker in English s or es (e.g. dog and dogs or wish and wishes). This plural marker is not, however, acceptable on the word child (as in *childs), because it is "blocked" by the presence of the competing form children, which in this case inherits features from an older morphological process.
Blocking may also prevent the formation of words with existing synonyms, particularly if the blocked form is morphologically complex and the existing synonym is morphologically simple, e.g. *stealer which is blocked by the existing simple form thief.
One possible approach to blocking effects is that of distributed morphology, which asserts that semantic and syntactic features create slots or cells in which items can appear. Blocking happens when one cell is engaged by one form as opposed to another. Blocking has been explained along two primary dimensions: the size of the blocking object, and the existence of ungrammatical forms.

## History

Blocking was first described in the 5th or 4th century BC by the Indian grammarian Pāṇini, who stated that the more restricted of two competing rules would have precedence within a language system. During the 1960s, this insight was reformulated as the so-called "elsewhere principle", used in the language of several contemporary theories of grammar. Hermann Paul, a German linguist, wrangled with the idea, proposing an alternative theory that accounts for the crucial role of frequency in how blocking can be learned.
# Petalism

Petalism, or petalismos, was an ancient Syracusan variant of ancient Athens’ ostracism, wherein a citizen was temporarily removed from the city and public life. It was first and exclusively recorded in Diodorus Siculus’ Bibliotheca historica.

## Institution

Following a failed coup by Tyndarides in 454 BCE, the Syracusan assembly sought to check the power of potential tyrants and prevent future political uprisings. Consequently, the assembly turned to Athens' institution of ostracism as an example, adopting and adapting the system for their own use. Thus, the assembly established their own system known as petalism.

## Execution and differences from ostracism

Based upon the Athenian practice of ostracism, Syracusan citizens would vote on an influential individual to be cast out from the city, with their votes being recorded and submitted on olive leaves, rather than the traditional piece of pottery (ostrakon) used in ostracism. Additionally, the individual to be ostracized was determined by whoever received the greatest number of votes, with no set threshold number of votes required. As a result, one citizen was guaranteed to be sentenced after a vote, with the individual then being "exiled" for a period of five years, compared to the sentence of ten years given to Athens’ ostracized.

## Effects and discontinuation

Following the employment of the practice, rich and respectable citizens began to fear exile, so they withdrew from public affairs. During their seclusion, the affluent members of Syracusan society attended to personal business while living in luxury, resulting in a growing wealth divide. Consequently, with the most prominent citizens avoiding public affairs, leadership was left to less capable individuals, leading to increasing factional and revolutionary conflicts. By 450 BCE, the practice had largely been abandoned by the Syracusan assembly before eventually being abolished altogether.
# Gesamtbedeutung

Gesamtbedeutung (German for "general meaning", German pronunciation:), in linguistics, is the general meaning of the various uses of a morphological element. The Gesamtbedeutung of a language's past tense, for instance, might be conceived as "distance from the present". This meaning might later be generalized to refer to events both temporally distant (e.g. the box was empty) as well as separated in terms of reality or likelihood (e.g. the box might be empty, if the box were empty..., the box could be empty, etc.)
In Japanese, for example, the tense system has been reduced to a system of "past", "non-past", and "probable", where the latter two tenses share the Gesamtbedeutung of abstraction from the real. The past tense refers to events which are complete and definite, whereas the non-past refers to virtually everything else, including present and future events. The probable tense functions in much the same way as the non-past, but with a stronger sense of separation from the present reality.
For another example, the English word endings "-ing" and "-er" share a Gesamtbedeutung of agency (as opposed to that of patienthood, represented by such morphemes as "-ed" and "-ee"). One who is driving is, by definition, a driver. Though differing in grammatical function, these two morphemes share a common Gesamtbedeutung.
# Emiko Iwasaki

Emiko Iwasaki (岩崎恵美子, Iwasaki Emiko, born October 16, 1976) is a Japanese video game artist from Yokohama active since 1999, most known for her work with Arc System Works's Guilty Gear series.

## Career

Initially joining the company as a part-time artist, she went on to work as general director on four titles, one of the few women in the Japanese game industry to hold such a position. The last of those, Battle Fantasia, came from an original concept by Iwasaki herself and was the developer's first fighting game with 3D models. With no previous experience, she and her team developed 2.5D techniques that influenced Street Fighter IV, as well as other Arc System Works games.
In 2011, she left Arc System Works and relocated to Singapore, holding leading positions in mobile game developers Gumi.
Although she found Arc System Works' CEO and the Guilty Gear team welcoming, Iwasaki also faced gender discrimination during her work with the company, which made her interested in working on other countries. She has been vocal about the hurdles women face in the Japanese video game industry, sharing her experience in United Nations events and working as an ambassador for the Singapore Committee for UN Women programme Girls2Pioneers.

## Works

| Year | Title | Platform(s) | Role |
| 2001 | Guilty Gear Petit | WonderSwan Color | general director, promotion illustration |
| 2001 | Guilty Gear Petit 2 (ギルティギア プチ２) | WonderSwan Color | general director, design, promotion illustration |
| 2002 | Guilty Gear X: Advance Edition | Game Boy Advance | graphics |
| 2002 | Guilty Gear XX: The Midnight Carnival and updates | arcade, PlayStation 2, Windows, Xbox, PlayStation Portable, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo Switch | illustrator, character art, webmaster |
| 2003 | Naruto: Ninja Council (ＮＡＲＵＴＯ－ナルト- 忍術全開! 最強忍者 大結集) | Game Boy Advance | art director |
| 2003 | Guilty Gear Isuka (鶍) | arcade, PlayStation 2, Windows, Xbox | illustrator, character art |
| 2004 | Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger (特捜戦隊デカレンジャー) | Sega Pico | general director |
| 2005 | Ys IV: Mask of the Sun -A New Theory- | PlayStation 2, cell phones | art director |
| 2007 | Battle Fantasia (バトルファンタジア) | arcade, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Windows | general director, original story plan, lead designer, planning, art and character design, voice of Marco Van de Land |
| 2009 | Diva Girls: Diva Dancers | Nintendo DS | costume design, logo |
| 2011 | Hard Corps: Uprising | Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 | character and machine concept, character design, 3D-character design, effect design |
| 2013 | Puzzle Trooper | Android, iOS | art director |
| 2013 | Brave Frontier | iOS, Android, Fire, Windows, Windows Phone | |
| 2016 | Final Fantasy Brave Exvius | iOS, Android, Fire | creative director (art team, Gumi Asia Pte. Ltd.) |
# Privative

A privative, named from Latin privare 'to deprive', is a particle that negates or inverts the value of the stem of the word. In Indo-European languages, many privatives are prefixes, but they can also be suffixes, or more independent elements.

## Privative prefixes

In English there are three primary privative prefixes, all cognate from Proto-Indo-European:
* un- from West Germanic, from Proto-Germanic; e.g. unprecedented, unbelievable
* in- from Latin; e.g. incapable, inarticulate.
* a-, called alpha privative, from Ancient Greek ἀ-, ἀν-, from Proto-Hellenic *ə-; e.g. apathetic, abiogenesis.
These all stem from a PIE syllabic nasal privative *n̥-, the zero ablaut grade of the negation *ne, i.e. "n" used as a vowel, as in some English pronunciations of "button". This is the source of the 'n' in 'an-' privative prefixed nouns deriving from the Greek, which had both. For this reason, it appears as an- before vowel, e.g. anorexia, anesthesia.
The same prefix appears in Sanskrit, also as a- अ-, an- अन्- ( , -n- infix). In Slavic languages the privative is nie- and u-, e.g. nieboga, ubogi. In North Germanic languages, the -n- has disappeared and Old Norse has ú- (e.g. ú-dáins-akr), which became u- in Danish and Norwegian, o- in Swedish, and ó- in Icelandic.
Privative prefixes are not feature of Indo-European languages only, but also exist in languages belonging to other families, such as Hebrew: אל־, romanized: al- (Semitic).

### Confusion of privative and non-privative in English

Many words introduced into the English from the Latin start with the prefix in-. While often, it is a privative, it is not always so. Even if it is a privative, the meaning may be unclear to those who are not familiar with the word. The following three examples illustrate that:
* inexcusable
    The - prefix is a privative and the word means the opposite of excusable that is, "unable to be excused, not excusable".
* invaluable
    That is also a privative but it does not mean "not valuable, not precious". While today valuable is a synonym for precious, it originally meant "able to be given a value". The meaning of invaluable hinges upon this original meaning and thus means "of very great value" or literally "value cannot be estimated (because it is so great)", similar to priceless but dissimilar to worthless.
* inflammable
    A naive reader may incorrectly interpret that as "not flammable". However, the word contains not a privative but a locative and flammable (the newer word in English by 300 years), rather than being the opposite of inflammable means the same thing.
The prefix in- arises from the Latin for "in, inside, within" and inflammable derives from the Latin root inflammāre meaning "able to be set alight, able to kindle a flame". Since at least the 1920s, there have been calls to stop using inflammable and substitute it exclusively with flammable to avoid the confusion that occurs even by native English-speakers.

## Privative suffixes

Some languages have privative suffixes; -less is an example in English. Further examples are -t(a)lan or -t(e)len in Hungarian or -ton/-tön in Finnish (non-IE languages).
# Gestalt Therapy (book)

Gestalt Therapy is a 1951 book that outlines an extension to psychotherapy, known as gestalt therapy, written by Fritz Perls, Ralph Hefferline, and Paul Goodman. Presented in two parts, the first introduces psychotherapeutic self-help exercises, and the second presents a theory of personality development and growth.
The book is known in the gestalt community as "PHG".
English literature professor George Levine thought of the book as the only emotionally engaging textbook he knew.
# Buhi

Buhi can mean:
* Boie’nen [bɔ̆ɪ̆ɛ̋’n̆ə̆n]
* Buhi, Camarines Sur, Philippines
* Lake Buhi, Philippines
* BuHi, nickname for the Buford Highway community near Atlanta, Georgia, United States
# Nahit

Nahit or NAHIT may refer to:
* Nahit (Russian word), see chickpea
* NAHIT, National Alliance for Health Information Technology, see RHIO