OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Røros Copper Works

The Røros Copper Works (Norwegian: Røros kobberverk) was a copper mining company based in the town (bergstad) of Røros in what is now Røros Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The mines operated from 1644 until 1977. The Crown designated the area as a bergstad in 1647 and put Joachim Irgens von Westervick in charge, including rights to forests and water resources within a circular diameter of 90 kilometres (56 mi) around the town. The local farmers were given working obligations, such as transport and charcoal production for the copper works. Among the mines were the Storwartz mines, Hestkletten, Christianus Qvintus, Olavsgruven, Kongens Gruve, and Christianus Sextus. During its operation a total of 110,000 tonnes (110,000 long tons; 120,000 short tons) of copper and 525,000 tonnes (517,000 long tons; 579,000 short tons) of pyrites was produced.

## History

In 1644, the general manager of the mine at Kongsberg gave permission to exploit one lode of copper in the mountains near Rauhaammaaren. Storvola and Gamle Storwartz became some of the company's most important mines. Nordgruve, another important mining area, was situated to the north east of the town of Røros.
In 1685, Røros discovered a considerable amount of associated silver mines. The mining activity lasted for about 40 years, and a total of 1,350 tonnes (1,330 long tons; 1,490 short tons) of sterling silver was mined. This provided considerable revenue for the Danish-Norwegian treasury to support King Frederick IV in building the palace of Solbjerg.
From 1740 onwards, there was a period of greatness for the Røros Copper Works with several mines yielding well. Due to the funding of the Oldenburg royal family, the scale of the Leros silver mine and copper mine expanded. As the mine is close to Trondheim and at a lower latitude, the ore output is much higher than Scandinavia Falun. The rich income of the mining area also prompted the royal family to repeatedly ask for an expansion of the mining. Dynamite was utilised from 1870 and later drilling machines. The electrical generating station built high-tension power lines to supply the mines, starting in 1897. The Bessemer process was introduced at the end of the 1800s. The Rørosbanen railway line was completed in 1877. High prices for both copper and zinc gave good results, but then the prices dropped and there were several years with large losses. After 333 years, mining activity in Røros Municipality ceased in 1977.

## Geology

This region consists of Cambro-Silurian sedimentary rocks (i.e., rocks from the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian periods, formed 545 to 417 million years before the present) that are highly metamorphosed by the Caledonian orogeny about 490 to 390 million years ago (Ma). The mountain formation created extensive folding with numerous anticlines and synclines across much of Norway. In addition to Cambrosilurian shales, there are numerous volcanic intrusive sills and dikes. Metal deposits are formed by hydrothermal interaction of fluids between volcanic and surrounding rocks, concentrating copper sulfates in ore zones.
# 1296

Year 1296 (MCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### January–December

* March 30 – Capture of Berwick: King Edward I of England storms and captures Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking what is at this time a Scottish border town, with much bloodshed. He slaughters most of the residents, including those who flee to the churches.
* April 12 – King Mangrai the Great of Ngoenyang establishes a new capital by founding Chiangmai, and founds the Mangrai Dynasty, that will rule the Lanna Kingdom of Chiangmai from 1296 to 1578 (the 700th Anniversary Stadium will be built in remembrance of this foundation).
* April 27 – Battle of Dunbar: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey.
* July 20 – Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji dies, and his nephew and son-in-law Ala-Ud-Din-Khalji comes to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in Hindustan, becoming the most powerful ruler of his dynasty.
* October 21 – The formal coronation of Alauddin Khalji as Sultan of Delhi takes place, and he takes the regnal name Muhammad Shah I.

### Date unknown

* Boniface of Verona expels the Byzantines from their last remaining strongholds on Euboea.
* Chinese diplomat Zhou Daguan spends a year at the court of Khmer King Indravarman III at Angkor, and pens a journal setting forth his observations.
* approximate date – Tarabya, self-proclaimed king of Pegu, is defeated in single combat on war elephants by Wareru.

## Births

* August 10 – "Blind" King John I of Bohemia (d. 1346)
* December – Marjorie Bruce, Scottish princess, only daughter of Robert I of Scotland (d. 1316)
* date unknown
** Charles of Taranto (d. 1315)
** Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Thessalonica (d. 1359)
** Roland of Sicily, Italian nobleman (d. 1361)
* probable
** Algirdas, ruler of Lithuania (d. 1377)
** Blanche of Burgundy, queen consort of France (d. 1326)
** Shi Naian, Chinese author (d. 1370)
** Tamagusuku, ruler of Chuzan

## Deaths

* February 8 – King Przemysł II of Poland (b. 1257)
* March 11 – John le Romeyn, Archbishop of York
* March 24 – Odon de Pins, French Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
* May – William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke
* May 19 – Pope Celestine V (b. 1215)
* June 5 – Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster, son of Henry III of England (b. 1245)
* June 27 – Floris V, Count of Holland (b. 1254)
* August 7 – Heinrich II von Rotteneck, prince-bishop of Regensburg
* August 9 – Hugh, Count of Brienne, French crusader
* October 9 – Louis III, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1269)
* November 1 – Guillaume Durand, French canonist and writer
* December
** Isabella of Mar, Scottish countess, spouse of Robert I of Scotland
** Adam de Darlington, Bishop of Caithness (approximate date)
* date unknown
** Philippe de Rémi, French lawyer and royal official (b. c. 1247)
** Campanus of Novara, Italian astronomer and mathematician (b. c. 1220)
** Dnyaneshwar, Hindu saint and poet (b. 1275)
** Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji, founder of the Khalji dynasty in India
** Tarabya of Pegu, self-proclaimed ruler
** Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford (b. c.1240)
# Neeneri Nathar Temple

Neeneri Nathar Temple is a Hindu temple located at Thandalachery in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The presiding deity is Shiva. Thandalachery is located 17 kilometres from Tiruvarur on the road to Thiruthiraipoondi.

## History

The temple was constructed by the Early Chola king Kocengannan who was cured of leprosy at this place. The village of Kannandangudi had served as a Chola capital.

## Significance

Thandalachery is the birthplace of the Saivite saint Arivattaya Nayanar one of the 63 Nayanmars. The temple is frequented by people afflicted with leprosy. The Saivite saint Sambandar had sung praises of the temple.
# Stanley Marisa

Stanley Chikomborero Marisa (born 18 November 1985) is a Zimbabwean cricketer who has played for the Southern Rocks in Zimbabwean domestic cricket. He is a left-arm orthodox bowler.
Marisa was born in Chiredzi, Masvingo Province. At the age of 16, he was selected in the Zimbabwe under-19s squad for the 2002 Under-19 World Cup in New Zealand. He played in all eight of his team's matches, and took eight wickets with a best of 2/14 against Kenya. A few months after the World Cup, Marisa was selected to play for Zimbabwe A in the 2002 ICC Six Nations Challenge, hosted by Namibia. He appeared in three games (all of which held List A status), but took only a single wicket, 1/45 against the Netherlands. Marisa was re-included in the national under-19 team for the 2004 Under-19 World Cup in Bangladesh, but made only two appearances. However, he did take 3/36 against New Zealand in his team's final game of the tournament. Despite his earlier international appearances, Marisa did not make his debut in senior Zimbabwean domestic cricket until the 2011–12 season. He played three first-class games and two limited-overs games for the Southern Rocks, but had little success in either format.
# Rule egoism

Rule egoism is the doctrine under which an individual evaluates the optimal set of rules based on whether conformity to those rules would bring the most benefit to themselves. An action, therefore, is right if it promotes one's welfare at least as well as any alternative rule available to them. It is associated with foundational egoism, which maintains that normative factors must be grounded in consideration of the agent's well-being - something that rule egoism does but in a way that avoids factoral egoism.

## Development

Although it is claimed that Thomas Hobbes is a rule-egoist, the term "rule egoism" was first coined by Richard Brandt in his work "Rationality, Egoism, and Morality, where it was briefly mentioned.
# Rana Nayar

Rana Nayar (born 1957) is a translator of poetry and short fiction from Punjabi to English. He has more than forty volumes of poetry and translation works to his credit. He is also a theatre artist and has participated in a number of major full-length productions. He won Sahitya Akademi Golden Jubilee prize for his English translation of the Punjabi devotional poetry of Saint Baba Farid.

## Education and career

Nayar taught English literature at St Bede's College in Shimla from 1980 to 1990. In 1990 he joined Panjab University, Chandigarh, where he became Professor and Head of the Department of English and Cultural Studies. He has also served as visiting professor with Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies.

## Major works

A critic, scholar and translator, Rana Nayar has been a pioneer in bringing into Punjabi translation a great number of classics from Punjabi literature. Among the prominent Punjabi authors he has translated are included such literary giants as Gurdial Singh, Raghubir Dhand, Mohan Bhandari and Beeba Balwant inter alia. He has translated three of Gurdial's novels, Night of the Half-moon, Parsa and Alms in the Name of a Blind Horse. He has also translated 14 short stories by Gurdial under the title Ëarthy Tones.
Besides translating the works of such prominent women writers from Punjab such as Amrita Pritam, Ajit Caur and Dalip Kaur Tiwana, he has helped in bringing to public notice such lesser known writers as Chandan Negi, who writes in both Punjabi and Dogri. Rana Nayar was instrumental in revival of interest in Gurdial Singh's novels and short stories.
His first collection of poems (composed by himself) is titled Breathing Spaces, which has received critical review and appreciation in Indian literary circle.

## Critical and analytical writing

Rana Nayar's critical works on poetry include "Edward Albee: Towards a Typology of Relationships" published in 2003 by Prestige Publishers. His other critical works which are forthcoming include "Mediations: Self & Society", which is a collection of essays on Indian history, society and culture, and "Third World Narrative : Theory & Practice". He has made seminal contribution to historical analysis of Indian literary translation.

## Awards and recognition

Rana Nayar has been a Charles Wallace (India) Trust Awardee, besides having won commendation awards for translation from British Council and Katha. In 2007 he won Sahitya Akademi's Indian Literature Golden Jubilee Literary Translation Prize for Poetry. Rana Nayar is also on the editorial board of the prestigious Lakeview International Journal of Literature & Arts.
# .global

.global is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) and was delegated to the DNS root zone on June 6, 2014. The application for the new top-level domain was approved on April 17, 2014, and .global was made available to the general public on September 9, 2014.

## Background

The path from application to launch was rather complicated, due to the name collision concerns relating to the word "global" (as it is being used in many internal networks). As a consequence, the .global registry had to block 60,000 domain names from registration for a couple of months, until the name collision issues had been fully resolved.
# Yesica Hernández

Yesica Luciana Hernández Ferrando (born 16 September 1988) is a Uruguayan football manager and former player, who played as a midfielder. She has been a member of the Uruguay women's national team.

## Early life

Hernández hails from Ombúes de Lavalle.

## College career

Hernández attended the Missouri Valley College in the United States.

## Club career

Hernández played in Uruguay for Colón.

## International career

Hernández played for Uruguay at senior level in the 2014 Copa América Femenina.

## Personal life

Hernández is vegetarian.
# 1343

Year 1343 (MCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

## Events
### January–December

* January 14 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last bishop of Prague and, subsequently, the first Archbishop of Prague.
* January 27 – Pope Clement VI issues his bull Unigenitus, defining the doctrine of "The Treasury of Merits" or "The Treasury of the Church" as the basis for the issuance of indulgences by the Catholic Church.
* April 23 – The St. George's Night Uprising begins in Estonia.
* May 4 – St. George's Night Uprising: The "Four Estonian kings" are murdered, at the negotiations with the Livonian Order.
* August 15 – Magnus IV of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway, in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. However, Haakon is still a minor, allowing Magnus to remain de facto ruler.
* August 31 – A naval league is formed between the Pope, the Republic of Venice, the Knights Hospitaller and the Kingdom of Cyprus, to prepare the Smyrniote Crusades.
* November 25 – A tsunami, caused by an earthquake, devastates the Maritime Republic of Amalfi, among other places.

### Date unknown

* Tsar Dušan conquers Albania.

## Births

* December 19 – William I, Margrave of Meissen (d. 1407)
* date unknown
** Emperor Chōkei of Japan (d. 1394)
** Constance of Aragon, queen consort of Sicily (d. 1363)
** Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (d. 1403)
** Nang Keo Phimpha, queen of Lan Xang (d. 1438)
** Tommaso Mocenigo, doge of Venice (d. 1423)
** Paolo Alboino della Scala, lord of Verona (d. 1375)
** Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, Scottish ruler (d. 1405)
* probable
** Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (approximate date) (d. 1400)

## Deaths

* January 20 – Robert of Naples (b. 1276)
* May 29 – Francesco I Manfredi, lord of Faenza
* June 22 – Aimone, Count of Savoy (b. 1291)
* June 23 – Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi, Italian cardinal (b. c. 1270)
* September 16 – Philip III of Navarre (b. 1306)
* December 15 – Hasan Kucek, Chobanid prince (b. c. 1319)
* date unknown
** Sir Ulick Burke, Irish nobleman
** Anne of Austria, Duchess of Bavaria (b. 1318)
** Veera Ballala III, ruler of the Hoysala Empire (b. 1291)
# Ivan Nagy (dancer)

Ivan Nagy (28 April 1943 – 22 February 2014) was a Hungarian ballet dancer.
He became one of American Ballet Theatre's most popular stars in the 1970s as an acclaimed partner to great ballerinas.
Nagy was born in Debrecen, Hungary on 28 April 1943. He was trained in Budapest by Soviet-influenced teachers before he defected to the United States in 1965. He was sent to the International Ballet Competition in Varna, Bulgaria, where he won a silver medal.
Nagy met his wife, the Australian ballerina Marilyn Burr, at the National Ballet. After three years with the National Ballet, Nagy danced for one season, in 1968, with the New York City Ballet. By July 1968, he had moved to Ballet Theater, where he established partnerships with Natalia Makarova, Gelsey Kirkland and Cynthia Gregory, and on tour with Dame Margot Fonteyn. Nagy retired from Ballet Theater at the age of 35 in 1978. Makarova was especially disappointed as he was a favorite partner of hers. She remarked, "It is a great loss. Ivan is in top form. He is quitting far too soon."
In 1980, he embarked on a second career as an artistic director of the Ballet de Santiago in Chile from 1982 to 1986 and artistic director of the Cincinnati/New Orleans Ballet from 1986 to 1989. From 1990 to 1993, he was artistic director of the English National Ballet before returning to the Ballet de Santiago for several years. In his final year he worked as artistic adviser to the Hungarian State Opera House Ballet.
He lived with his wife in Valldemossa, on the island of Majorca. He did pay a visit to guest-teach at Gelsey Kirkland's School of Classical Ballet.
Nagy died on 22 February 2014 while visiting a cousin in Budapest. He was aged 70. He was survived by his wife, two daughters and a granddaughter.
# 28th Florida Senate District

Florida's 28th Senate district elects one member of the Florida Senate. The district comprises Collier, Hendry, and parts of Lee county. Its current senator is Republican Kathleen Passidomo.

## Senators

* Francis A. Hendry, 1865-1867
* C. B. McClenny, 1879-1881
* S. M. Hendricks, 1883-1885
* J. M. Fraser, 1887
* Charles F. A. Bielby, 1889
* W. H. Bristol, 1891-1893
* Charles Daugherty, 1895-1897
* Frank W. Sams, 1899-1909
* James W. Perkins, 1911
* (Not represented, 1912 ex)
* Jacob B. Conrad, 1913-1915
* James E. Alexander, 1917
* Lincoln Hulley, 1918-1921
* Howard G. Putnam, 1923-1929
* W. C. Chowning, 1931-1933
* F. B. Nordman Jr., 1935-1937
* Hubert A. Price, 1939-1941
* L. A. Coleman, 1943-1945
* Walter G. Walker, 1947-1949
* E. William Gautier, 1951-1965
* Wilbur H. Boyd, 1966(D)
* Lawton M. Chiles Jr., 1967-1970 (D)
* Bob Brannen, 1970-1972 (D) (resigned, Feb. 16, 1972)
* Curtis Peterson, 1972 (special election, March 22, 1972)
* Tom Johnson, 1973-1974 (R)
* Donnell Childers, 1975-1990 (D)
* Robert Wexler, 1991-1996 (D)
* Ron Klein, 1997-2002 (D)
* Kenneth (Ken) Pruitt, 2003-2009 (R)
* Nancy Detert, 2009-2016 (R)
* Kathleen Passidomo, 2016-present (R)
# Popular Action (Spain)

Popular Action (Spanish: Acción Popular), until 1932 National Action (Spanish: Acción Nacional), was a Spanish Roman Catholic political party active during the Second Spanish Republic.
The group was formed after the fall of the monarchy and the defeat of monarchist parties in the 1931 elections, in order to defend the interests of Roman Catholics in the new Spanish Republic. It emanated from the Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas and effectively formed a political party drawn from this hard-line monarchist movement. The main leader of Popular Action was editor of El Debate and future cardinal Ángel Herrera Oria. In 1932, National Action had to change its name, because parties and political movements were prohibited to use the word "national" in their names.
The Popular Action sought to unite the right-wing, monarchist and Catholic camp and thus became the core of a conservative federation of parties, the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (CEDA), established in 1933.
Even after the formation of CEDA the party's youth movement, Juventudes de Acción Popular (commonly known as the Greenshirts) continued to organise. However, in the spring of 1936, the decline of Popular Action was underlined when 15,000 Greenshirts left the movement to join Falange Española de las JONS instead. On the eve of the Spanish Civil War, Popular Action had around 12,000 members. When Francisco Franco announced his decree establishing FET y de las JONS on 19 April 1937, Popular Action was one of a number of parties absorbed into this new pan-right group.
# Graeme Scarratt

Graeme Scarratt (born 14 September 1945) is an English former cricketer. Scarratt was a left-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born in Hartlepool, County Durham.
Scarratt made his debut for Durham against the Yorkshire Second XI in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1968 to 1972, making 24 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Oxfordshire in the 1972 Gillette Cup. In this match, he was dismissed for 4 runs by Saeed Hatteea.
# KH Trepça

KH Trepça is a handball team based Mitrovica. KH Trepça competes in the Kosovar Superliga and Cup.

## History

KH Trepça was founded in 1950 in Mitrovica. They competed in the Yugoslav regional championship of Kosovo and in the second Yugoslav League. During the Yugoslav era they won the Regional Championship three times. KH Trepça reached the Yugoslav First League in the 1979–80 season and were the first Kosovan club to achieve this huge success. In 1991, KH Trepça like many other Kosovan clubs left the Yugoslav handball league system because Kosovo proclaimed independence from Serbia and they started competing in the Superliga. Trepça won the Kosovar Superliga in 1994 and 2001. In addition to that, Trepça won the Kosovar Cup in 1994, 2002 and 2023.

## Crest, colours, supporters
### Kits

HOME :
| 2022–23 | 2023–24 |
AWAY :
| 2022–23 | 2023–24 |

## Sports Hall information

* Arena: - Minatori Sports Hall
* City: - Mitrovica
* Capacity: - 3000
* Address: - Mitrovica, Kosovo

## Team
### Current squad

    Squad for the 2023–24 season
KH Trepça :
Goalkeepers
01 Behar Terziqi
12 Sadri Dragaj
16 Liridon Esati
Left Wingers
09 Lulzim Shabani
18 Alban Mahmuti
19 Edmond Istrefi
Right Wingers
02 Getoar Hajzeri
10 Shpetim Mehmeti
11 Yassine Henahem
Line Players
03 Rron Ramadani
05 Amar Mujka
06 Ermir Januzi
07 Sali Maxhera (c)
Central Backs
08 Hamdi Salihu
14 Vlerson Zherka
Left Backs
04 Deniz Terziqi
15 Ermir Smaka
Right Backs
17 Marley Wallace De Carvalho :

### Technical staff

* Head coach: Taib Kabashi
* Assistant coach: Besim Shala
* Physiotherapist: Gentian Kabashi
* Club doctor: Gazmend Sahiti

### Transfers

    Transfers for the 2023–24 season

## Titles

* Yugoslav Regional Championship:
** Winners (3): 1968, 1975, 1990
* Superliga :
** Winners (2): 1994, 2001
* Kosovo Cup:
** Winners (3): 1994, 2002, 2023

## European record

| Season | Competition | Round | Club | 1st leg | 2nd leg | Aggregate |
| 2017–18 | EHF Challenge Cup | R3 | AHC Potaissa Turda | 19-35 | 30-40 | 49-75 |
| 2021–22 | EHF Challenge Cup | R1 | HC Holon | 22-29 | 25-37 | 47-66 |
| 2022–23 | EHF Challenge Cup | R2 | RK Vogošća | 27-27 | 30-31 | 57-58 |

## EHF ranking

    As of 29/3/2024
| Rank | Team | Points |
| 183 | RK Dubrava | 16 |
| 184 | RK Sloga Doboj | 16 |
| 185 | HSG Wetzlar | 16 |
| 186 | KH Trepça | 16 |
| 187 | SG Handball West Wien | 16 |
| 188 | Mors-Thy Håndbold | 16 |
| 189 | IFK Skövde | 15 |

## Notable players

* Dervish Berisha
* Aziz Makiqi
* Basri Tupella
* Alfred Llazari
* Leonard Llazari
* Sami Mustafa
* Sali Maxhera
* Deniz Terziqi
* Lulzim Shabani
* Atdhe Basholli
* Meriton Lladrovci
* Yassine Henahem
* Yassine Ben Jouida
* Marouane Soussi
# Khaled Al-Khathlan

Khaled Al-Khathlan (Arabic: خالد الخثلان, born 3 August 1996) is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Al-Batin.

## Career

Al-Khathlan began his career at the youth team of Al-Hilal. He joined the U23 team of Al-Nassr in 2015. On 14 August 2017, Al-Khathlan signed for Al-Qaisumah. On 9 July 2019, Al-Khathlan signed a three-year contract with Abha. On 31 January 2020, Al-Khathlan joined Al-Raed and signed a 3-year contract with the club. On 29 July 2023, Al-Khathlan joined Al-Batin.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 9 September 2020.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Al-Qaisumah | 2017–18 | MS League | 28 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 29 | 0 |
| Al-Qaisumah | 2018–19 | MS League | 34 | 1 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 36 | 1 |
| Al-Qaisumah | Total | Total | 62 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 1 |
| Abha | 2019–20 | Pro League | 26 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 29 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 88 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 1 |