OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed

1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed is a 2014 non-fiction book about the Late Bronze Age collapse by American archaeologist Eric H. Cline. It was published by Princeton University Press. An updated edition was published in 2021.

## Description

The book focuses on Cline's hypothesis for the Late Bronze Age collapse of civilization, a transition period that affected the Egyptians, Hittites, Canaanites, Cypriots, Minoans, Mycenaeans, Assyrians and Babylonians; varied heterogeneous cultures populating eight powerful and flourishing states intermingling via trade, commerce, exchange and "cultural piggybacking," despite "all the difficulties of travel and time". He presents evidence to support a "perfect storm" of "multiple interconnected failures," meaning that more than one natural and man-made cataclysm caused the disintegration and demise of an ancient civilization that incorporated "empires and globalized peoples." This ended the Bronze Age, and ended the Mycenaean, Minoan, Trojan, Hittite, and Babylonian cultures.
Before this book, the leading hypothesis during previous decades attributed the civilizations' collapse mostly to Sea Peoples of unknown origin.

## Awards

The book has won the following awards:
* Winner of the 2014 Award for the Best Popular Book, American Schools of Oriental Research
* Honorable Mention for the 2015 PROSE Award in Archeology & Anthropology, Association of American Publishers
* One of The New York Post's Best Books of 2014
* One of The Federalist's Notable Books of 2015
* One of The Australian's Best Books of the Year in 2014, chosen by filmmaker Bruce Beresford
* Selected as the 'Book of the Semester' Fall 2016, David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies at Brigham Young University
# Franquin's Last Laugh

Franquin's Last Laugh (French: Idées noires: Dark thoughts) is a collection of black comedy comic strips drawn by André Franquin, written by Franquin and Yvan Delporte. The one-page stories first appeared frequently in 1977, in the brief run of the Spirou magazine supplement, Le Trombone illustré. After this initiative was cancelled, Idées noires resumed publication in the magazine Fluide Glacial, upon Gotlib's suggestion, where it remained a fixture until 1983. The first album was published in 1981, and a sequel in half-page format was published in 1984.
As the title Idées noires might suggest, these stories explore depressive and horrific fantasies, all drawn with dramatic use of black on white. Suicide, execution, industrial recklessness, ecological disaster and hunting accidents are some of the themes darkly illustrated in this body of work. It's also notable for its stances against nuclear energy, the death penalty, game hunting and war. The series contrasts sharply with Franquin's other comic strips such as Gaston Lagaffe, Spirou et Fantasio and the Marsupilami, although a dark touch occasionally surfaced in other later work such as the Gaston Lagaffe strip for Amnesty International (published in Cauchemarrants, 1979).
A few pages were translated in Kitchen Sink's short-lived comics magazine "French Ticklers" under the title "Dark Designs". The whole collection was set to be published by Fantagraphics Books in an English translation by Kim Thompson in 2013, but publication has been delayed, possibly because of Thompson's death to cancer. It was finally published in 2018 under the title "Die Laughing".

## Publications

* Idées noires (1981)
* Idées noires 2 (1984, half-page (21.8x15cm) publication)
* Idées noires, l'intégrale (2001, complete collection)
* Die Laughing (2018, complete collection in English)

## In popular culture

In the Belgian Comic Strip Center in Brussels the permanent exhibition brings homage to the pioneers of Belgian comics, among them André Franquin. One of the rooms dedicated to his work is a black, dark tunnel where pages from "Idéés Noires" are exhibited.

## Sources

* Idées noires publications in Spirou Archived 2007-02-02 at the Wayback Machine and Fluide Glacial Archived 2007-05-25 at the Wayback Machine BDoubliées (in French)
* Idées noires album publications Bedetheque (in French)
Footnotes
* ↑ franquin.com. "Franquin-une vie-1977".(in French)
* ↑ "André Franquin".
* ↑ Cauchemarrants is a play on the French terms for "nightmare" (cauchemar) and "funny" (marrants)
* ↑ The World of Franquin. "The anarchist as poet". Archived from the original on 2012-02-09.
* ↑ André Franquin, lagaffemegate.free.fr. "Les Combats de Gaston" (in French).
* ↑ "Other Translations".
* ↑ "Franquin's Last Laugh delayed". 16 April 2013.
* ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2015-11-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
# Ben Debenham

Benjamin John Debenham (born 11 October 1967) is an English cricket umpire who has stood in first-class cricket matches since being named to the ECB Umpires List in 2012. He has also stood in a Women's One Day International cricket matches and Women's Twenty20 Internationals.
Born in Chelmsford, Essex, Debenham also represented Essex, playing for their Second XI as a left-handed batsman.
# List of Jewish American playwrights

When adding names to the list, please include a reliable source that describes the person added as "Jewish" or "Jewish&#x2D;American" (or a source where the person describes themselves as such), in accordance with Wikipedia's [[No Original Research]] policies. This is a list of notable Jewish American playwrights. For other Jewish Americans, see Lists of Jewish Americans.
* David Adjmi
* Lynn Ahrens
* Sholom Aleichem
* Woody Allen (born 1935), film director, writer, actor, and comedian
* Jacob M. Appel
* George Axelrod
* Jeff Baron
* S. N. Behrman
* David Belasco
* Saul Bellow
* Leo Birinski
* Agnes Borinsky
* Mel Brooks
* Paddy Chayefsky
* Betty Comden & Adolph Green
* Norman Corwin
* Howard Dietz
* Edward Einhorn
* Eve Ensler
* Harvey Fierstein
* Edna Ferber
* Herb Gardner
* Larry Gelbart
* Joel Gersmann
* Josh Greenfeld
* Oscar Hammerstein II
* Otto Harbach
* Yip Harburg
* Moss Hart
* Ben Hecht
* Lillian Hellman
* Peretz Hirshbein
* Israel Horovitz
* George Jessel
* George S. Kaufman
* Sidney Kingsley
* Tony Kushner
* James Lapine
* Arthur Laurents
* H. Leivick
* Alan Jay Lerner
* Ira Levin
* Craig Lucas
* David Mamet
* Donald Margulies
* Arthur Miller
* Cheryl Moch
* Becky Mode
* Itamar Moses
* Clifford Odets
* Carl Reiner
* Elmer Rice
* Morrie Ryskind
* Peter Sagal
* Rod Serling
* Irwin Shaw
* Wallace Shawn
* Sidney Sheldon
* Martin Sherman
* Neil Simon
* Isaac Bashevis Singer
* Joey Soloway, playwright, television writer
* Aaron Sorkin (born 1961), screenwriter, producer and playwright
* Gertrude Stein
* Joseph Stein
* Louise Stern
* Jeffrey Sweet
* Chaim Towber
* Alfred Uhry
* Wendy Wasserstein (1950–2006), playwright and an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University; recipient of the Tony Award for Best Play and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama
* Jerome Weidman
* Franz Werfel
* Norman Wexler, screenwriter of Saturday Night Fever, Joe, Serpico, Mandingo
# Doctor Love (film)

Doctor Love (also spelled Dr. Love) is a 2011 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film written and directed by K. Biju. The film stars Kunchacko Boban, Ananya, Bhavana, Manikuttan, Rejith Menon, and Salim Kumar. The songs were composed by Vinu Thomas. Doctor Love was released on 9 September 2011. The film was shot in the campus of St. Berchmans College, Changanassery.

## Plot

Dr. Love is the story of Vinayachandran, an unsuccessful romantic novel writer who helps people with love issues. Because of his ability to help people solve love issues, he gets a job as a waiter in a college canteen, which also aids the hearty affair of a Professor. But after entering the campus, he helps a student, Sudhi, to get his lover, Manju, and thus, becomes a hero. He is given the title Doctor Love - Romance Consultant by all the students on the campus.
Now, one of the challenges before him is to make the brash campus devil Ebin fall in love with the quiet boy Roy. Dr.Love starts working on his plan but now the story takes some dramatic twists and turns

## Cast

* Kunchacko Boban as Vinayachandran
** Ramzan Muhammed as Young Vinayachandran
* Bhavana as Ebin
** Esther Anil as Young Ebin
* Ananya as Gauri
* Bhagath Manuel as Sudhi
* Hemanth Menon as Roy Mathew
* Rajith Menon as Martin
* Manikuttan as Vengidi
* Aju Varghese as Omanakuttan
* Vidhya Unni as Manju (voice dubbed by Angel Shijoy)
* Biyon as Kannan
* Miya George as Ebin's friend
* Nimisha Suresh as Ebin's friend
* Roslin as Yashoda
* Kalabhavan Niyas as Eldho
* Innocent as Sathyasheelan
* Nedumudi Venu as Gauri's father
* Shari as Ebin's mother
* Kalabhavan Shajohn as Appachan
* Bindu Panicker as Ajithakumari
* Lal as Himself (cameo appearance)
* Asif Ali as Narrator (cameo appearance)

## Soundtrack

All lyrics are written by Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma; all music is composed by Vinu Thomas

## Reception
### Critical reception

Rediff.com gave the film a rating of 2 out of 5 and said "Dr Love is yet another campus film". Sify also rated the movie at 2/5 and said "Dr.Love tries to present all those masala once again, but it looks amateurish to the core. Watch it at your own risk please". Indiaglitz said "All in all, 'Dr.Love' has some interesting moments and the ensemble star cast pitches in real performances too. On the whole, the movie could be an ideal popcorn flick targeted to strike a chord with the youth and those who relish candy floss and madcap entertainers. If you are not looking for wisdom and rationale in a light-hearted entertainer, we are sure you will savour this campus carnival" and gave 2.75 stars out of 5.
# Zhang Xinxin (footballer)

Zhang Xinxin (simplified Chinese: 张辛昕; traditional Chinese: 張辛昕; pinyin: Zhāng Xīnxīn; born October 19, 1983) is a Chinese former international football player.

## Club career

Originally from Beijing, he would move to Shenzhen to begin his professional football career with top-tier football club Shenzhen Ping'an at the beginning of the 2002 football league season where he initially started out as a midfielder. With them he would become a squad regular and even see them win the league title in the 2004 league season. He was however unable to establish himself within the squad and would transfer to the newly promoted Wuhan Huanghelou team at the beginning of the 2005 Chinese Super League season. At Wuhan F.C. Zhang would have greater playing time and was part of the squad that won the Chinese Super League Cup as well as finishing fifth within the league. Zhang would be a vital player as he helped guide the club to several mid-table finishes until in the 2008 Chinese Super League when the club found themselves fighting against relegation and one of their players was given an eight match ban after a scuffle, the club thought the punishment was too hard by the Chinese Football Association, which then saw the club disband in retaliation as well as being subsequently relegated from the league. This led to Zhang transferring to Beijing Guoan at the beginning of the 2009 Chinese Super League season for 1,150,000 RMB. In his first season, the club's manager Lee Jang-Soo would move him to left-back where he quickly establish himself as an integral member of the team and would aid Beijing Guoan to win the league title at the end of the season.

## International career

Zhang Xinxin was given a call-up to the senior Chinese national team for the first time against Laos on July 28, 2011 in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification game, where China won 6–1.

## Honours

Shenzhen Ping'an
* Chinese Super League: 2004
Wuhan Huanghelou
* Chinese Super League Cup: 2005
Beijing Guoan
* Chinese Super League: 2009
# Juliette Thomas

Juliette Suzanne Thomas (born 7 June 1964) is a British businesswoman and interior designer most known for her TV appearances on BBC programme Dragons' Den, and Channel 4 programme Millionaires' Mansions. Thomas is the founder and owner of the eponymous interior business, Juliette's Interiors.

## Early life and education

Thomas was born on 7 June 1964 in Solihull. She studied at the Stratford-upon-Avon High School, completing her education in 1992. After she left high school she worked as personal assistant to the town's mayor. She joined Mysis as a sales manager in 1988 and worked there till 1997.

## Career

Thomas and her partner separated in 2005. Thomas had a total saving of £1,200, which she used to buy home accessories for selling on eBay. She was successful in selling the items and subsequently launched Juliette's Interiors, an interior design and luxury furniture retail company based in London. Initially the business was online-only, with a website retailing designer furniture and an interior design and lifestyle blog written by Juliette Thomas in an editorial style, offering interior design ideas, inspiration and advice along with industry news and trends.
In 2008 she appeared on BBC TV show Dragons' Den to seek investment for her business. Although her business was praised by the dragons she didn't secure funding on the programme when she stated that she wasn't drawing a salary from her business but was receiving financial help from the government to support her and her children whilst she built up a business. While the Dragons and the public appreciated her, she also received hate mail after her appearance but her number of website visitors rose from 13,000 per month to 10,000 per week following the show. Deborah Meaden visited Juliette on follow-up TV show Dragons' Den on Tour in 2009 to report on how her business was progressing.
Thomas also appeared on the interior design programme, May the Best House Win on ITV in 2011. The next year her company became an Industry Partner of the British Institute of Interior Design.
In 2013 Thomas opened the Juliettes Interiors showroom on the Kings Road in Chelsea, London. She attracted national media and social media attention in 2016 when she was featured on Channel 4 TV documentary Millionaires' Mansions and appeared in the Daily Mirror.
In 2018 Juliettes Interiors’ Provence Villa won the highest-scoring 5 Star award in the prestigious European Property Awards for the Best Interior Design of a Private Residence in France.
In 2021 Juliette Thomas appeared on Series 1 - Episode 6 of the ITV Television show Family Diaries.
# Leslie Sears

Leslie Daniel Sears (12 January 1901 – 27 June 1992) was an English cricketer who played as a left-handed batsman. He was born at Wokingham, Berkshire.
Sears made two first-class appearances for Essex against Worcestershire and Derbyshire in the 1925 County Championship, scoring 18 runs at an average of 4.50, with a high score of 16. He later played for Berkshire, making his debut for his native county against Wiltshire in the 1933 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Berkshire in 1934 and 1935, making thirteen appearances.
He died at Amesbury Abbey care home, Wiltshire on 27 June 1992. His son, also Leslie, played for Berkshire and later served as the county's chairman from 1983 to 2004. His grandsons, Jamie and Richard, also played for Berkshire.
# John Fisher (ice hockey)

John Fisher (born 21 December 1947) is a Scotland-born Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

## Early life

Fisher was born in Ayr, Scotland, but played his junior hockey in Canada with the Moose Jaw Canucks and the St. Catharines Black Hawks.

## Career

Fisher played the majority of his career with teams in the minor professional leagues (CHL, IHL, EHL). He played 40 games with the Alberta Oilers of the World Hockey Association during the league's inaugural 1972–73 season.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1966-67 | St. Catharines Black Hawks | OHA | 48 | 16 | 25 | 41 | 20 | | | | | |
| 1967-68 | St. Catharines Black Hawks | OHA | 53 | 27 | 34 | 61 | 10 | | | | | |
| 1968-69 | Dallas Black Hawks | CHL | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 1968-69 | Greensboro Generals | EHL | 68 | 31 | 48 | 79 | 14 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 0 |
| 1969-70 | Nashville Dixie Flyers | EHL | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 1970-71 | Fort Worth Wings | CHL | 70 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1971-72 | Fort Worth Wings | CHL | 33 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 1971-72 | Port Huron Wings | IHL | 24 | 5 | 11 | 16 | 6 | 15 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| 1972-73 | Alberta Oilers | WHA | 40 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
# Arthur Sutton

James Arthur Sutton (born 26 June 1939) is a former English cricketer. Sutton was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Longsight, Lancashire.
Sutton made his debut for Cheshire in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1959 to 1987, including 238 Minor Counties Championship matches. and 14 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1964, he made his List A debut for Cheshire against Surrey in the Gillette Cup. He made seven further List A appearances for Cheshire, with his final List A match coming against Surrey in the 1986 NatWest Trophy. In his eight List A matches for Cheshire, he scored 84 runs at a batting average of 12.00, with a high score of 18. With the ball he took 5 wickets at a bowling average of 38.60, with best figures of 3/29 which came against Norfolk in the 1968 Gillette Cup. Sutton served as the Cheshire captain from 1977 to 1986.
Playing for a Minor County, Sutton played a number of games for combined Minor Counties teams. It was for the Minor Counties cricket team that he made his first-class for against the touring West Indians. He played three further first-class matches for the team, the last coming in 1972 against the touring Australians. In those four matches, he scored 164 runs at a batting average of 20.50, with a single half century high score of 57 which came against the touring New Zealanders in 1969. With the ball he took 4 wickets at an average of 49.25, with best figures of 2/44. In the 1975 Benson & Hedges Cup, he played a single List A match for Minor Counties North against Lancashire, in which he scored 54 runs. He also took a single wicket in this match, that of Lancashire captain David Lloyd.
Sutton also played for the Lancashire Second XI in 1957.
# Allarde Decree

The Allarde Decree was a decree adopted by the French National Constituent Assembly on March 2, 1791, and formally enacted on March 17, 1791. Named after Pierre d'Allarde, the decree abolished the rights and privileges of guilds and introduced the principle of freedom of trade and industry in France. This marked a pivotal step towards economic liberalization during the French Revolution.

## Background

The Allarde Decree was influenced by earlier liberalization attempts, such as the 1776 edict of Turgot which had sought to dismantle guilds but was repealed due to popular unrest. The decree aimed to remove restrictions on professions and trades, allowing individuals to freely engage in economic activities. Pierre d’Allarde defended the decree by asserting that the "right to work is one of the fundamental rights of man."
The decree complemented the Le Chapelier Law of June 1791, which further prohibited worker associations and guilds, fostering a capitalist labor market.

## Provisions

The decree, particularly its Article 7, enshrined the principle of freedom of trade and industry:
   It shall be free for any person to engage in such trade or profession as they see fit; however, they must first obtain a patente tax, pay its cost as determined, and adhere to public order regulations.
The Allarde Decree introduced two major principles:
* Freedom of enterprise: Individuals could freely create businesses and engage in professions without guild restrictions.
* Free competition: Economic actors were expected to compete fairly without interference, establishing the foundation for market economy practices.
While it granted economic freedoms, the decree also allowed public authorities to regulate activities in the interest of public order and general welfare.

## Impact

The Allarde Decree played a significant role in dismantling the corporatist structures of the Ancien Régime, paving the way for modern capitalism in France. It abolished the monopoly powers of guilds, fostering an open market economy. This economically liberal approach became a cornerstone of French economic policies.
However, the decree also eliminated the social safety nets provided by guilds, leaving workers vulnerable to exploitation in the newly competitive economy. The subsequent Le Chapelier Law exacerbated this vulnerability by banning trade unions and collective bargaining.

## Legacy

The decree's principles of economic freedom have been enshrined in French law and jurisprudence, influencing modern regulatory frameworks. Despite its repeal in some jurisdictions, the Allarde Decree remains a landmark in the history of economic liberalization.
The decree faced criticism during the Vichy regime, which attempted to reinstate corporatist policies through the 1941 Charte du travail.
# List of airlines of Singapore

This is a list of airlines which have a current Air Operator Certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore.

## Scheduled airlines

| Airline | IATA | ICAO | Callsign | Commenced operations |
| Jetstar Asia Airways | 3K | JSA | JETSTAR ASIA | 2004 |
| Scoot | TR | TGW | SCOOTER | 2012 |
| Singapore Airlines | SQ | SIA | SINGAPORE | 1972 |

## Cargo airlines

| Airline | Image | IATA | ICAO | Callsign | Commenced operations |
| Singapore Airlines Cargo | | SQ | SQC | SINGAPORE | 2001 |
# Digby (blogger)

Digby is the short name of American political blogger Heather Digby Parton from Santa Monica, California who founded the blog Hullabaloo. She has been called one of the "leading and most admired commentators" of the liberal/progressive blogosphere.
Digby began as a commenter on the blogs of Bartcop and Atrios and launched her own blog on January 1, 2003, calling it Hullabaloo "because one function of blogs is to cause a ruckus" and decorating it with a picture of a screaming Howard Beale from the film Network. She has been joined by other bloggers on Hullabaloo, including composer Richard Einhorn, who blogs under the name "Tristero".
Digby graduated from Lathrop High School in Fairbanks, Alaska. She studied theater at San Jose State University (then known as San Jose State College) and worked on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System and for a number of film companies, including Island Pictures, PolyGram, and Artisan Entertainment.
Digby won the 2005 Koufax award for blog writing and accepted the Paul Wellstone Award on behalf of the progressive blogosphere from the Campaign for America's Future (CAF) at their "Take Back America" conference. Digby had initially kept her identity secret and it was widely assumed that Digby was male until she made an appearance at the 2007 CAF conference to accept the award. Digby has since written regularly at the online tabloid Salon under her given name of Heather Digby Parton. She also won the 2014 Hillman Prize for Opinion and Analysis Journalism.
# The Strangler (1932 film)

The Strangler is a 1932 British crime film directed by Norman Lee and starring Jack Morrison, Moira Lynd and Lewis Dayton. It was made at Welwyn Studios.

## Cast

* Jack Morrison as Johnnie Scott
* Moira Lynd as Rosie Platt
* Lewis Dayton as Lee MacArthur
* Molly Lamont as Frances Marsden
* Cecil Ramage as Dr. Bevan
* Carol Coombe as Billie Southgate
* Hal Gordon as Leveridge
* Patrick Susands as Eckersley