OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Harper's Garage (Stourport) Ltd

Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Harper's Garage (Stourport) Ltd [1967] UKHL 1 is an English contract law case, concerning the restraint of trade through a tying arrangement.

## Facts

Harper's Garage agreed to accept all petrol for its two stations from Esso for a long period of time, a solus agreement. It agreed to keep the garage open at all reasonable hours and not to sell it without ensuring that the buyer entered a similar agreement. One agreement was for 5 years, the other for 21 years.

## Judgment

The House of Lords held that the 5-year agreement was valid and the 21-year agreement was invalid.
Lord Reid said he ‘would not attempt to define the dividing line between contracts which are and contracts which are not in restraint of trade’. It was preferable ‘to ascertain what were the legitimate interests of the [suppliers] which they were entitled to protect and then to see whether these restraints were more than adequate for that purpose.’

## Significance

In Peninsula Securities Ltd v Dunnes Stores (Bangor) Ltd [2020] the Supreme Court invoked the Practice Statement to depart from Esso with Lord Wilson stating:
   the objections to the test are that it has no principled place within the doctrine; that it has been consistently criticised for over 50 years and, although in some quarters loyally applied, the reasoning behind it has, to the best of my knowledge, scarcely been defended; and that the common law has been limping between the continuing authority of the test in our jurisdiction and its rejection in Australia and in parts of Canada.
# Tvindkraft Wind Turbine

Tvindkraft Wind Turbine or Tvindmøllen is a 2 MW wind turbine owned by the school cooperative Tvind near Ulfborg in West Jutland, Denmark. Tvindkraft Wind Turbine set off real research and development in wind energy in a number of areas. Among other things, Risø DTU started working on aerodynamics problems, after researchers from this institute calculated the blades of the Tvindmøllen. Tower and cone are built of iron-reinforced concrete. The pinnacle is made of rolled steel sheets. The wings are made of fiberglass. The mill runs today with all original parts except the blades and blade bearings, which had been replaced.

## History

Between 1978 and 2000, the 54-metre-high wind turbine was the talles wind turbine in Denmark. It began to produce electricity in spring 1978, and in the autumn of this year it began to produce electricity for Ringkjøbing County's High Voltage Association. In the first years of operation, the public grid could only take 400 kW, although the turbine was already able to deliver 1 MW. The excess power was used to produce electricity for a 500 kW immersion boiler, which heated water for the central heating system at Tvind school.
In July 2007, the turbine had made 117,540 operating hours, 100,000,000 revolutions, and produced 16 GWh. From the beginning, the mill only ran at half power, with a maximum output of approx. 1 MW instead of 2 MW. The reason was that the turbine had to run faster than it could, which was evident during the test run. History has later shown that 1 MW is exactly the power a turbine with blades of 27 m can produce. It also meant that Tvind got a lower-performing mill, which, in turn, could live longer. It turned out at the beginning of the operating period that the blades hit the tower's self-oscillating frequency when rotating with 27 revolutions per minute. Therefore, the rotor speed is limited to a maximum of 21 revolutions per minute.
# Francesco Rinaldi

Francesco Rinaldi is a brand of pasta sauce with an Italian flavor. It is manufactured as the only private-label product of the independent, privately owned LiDestri Foods (formerly Cantisano Foods), which also operates as a contract food manufacturer.

## History

The Cantisano Family created Ragú in 1937, sold it in 1970 (the Ragu Company would later become part of Unilever and then of Mizkan), and later founded Cantisano Foods. Ralph Cantisano purchased Francesco Rinaldi in 1981 from Francesco Rinaldi's sons (Anthony, Thomas, and Joseph). Francesco Rinaldi started the family business in 1940. Ralph Cantisano started selling Francesco Rinaldi in 1982, and marketed their new pasta sauce as tasting more Italian with his famous catchphrase "As I got older, I got better" spoken in television commercials. Later, Cantisano Foods offered a T-shirt with Ralph Cantisano's spoken line. Another line, "Ciao Francesco Rinaldi!", was popularized at the end of its commercials. Ralph Cantisano retired in 1998, and in 2002, the company was renamed LiDestri Foods. Their current slogan, "Made by Italians. Enjoyed by everyone.", was then unveiled. The CEO of LiDestri Food & Beverage is Giovanni LiDestri. Ralph Cantisano died in 2007 at age 84.
# Keith Robinson (cricketer)

Keith Robinson (born 17 December 1933) is an English former first-class cricketer.
While serving in the Royal Navy, Robinson played a single first-class cricket match for the Combined Services cricket team against Northamptonshire in 1961 at Northampton. Batting once in the match, he scored 18 runs in the Combined Services before being dismissed by Malcolm Scott.
# Mosque No. 25

Mosque No. 25 is a former Nation of Islam (NOI) mosque in Newark, New Jersey, which was presided by Minister Louis Farrakhan (Louis X) and James Russell McGregor (James 3X).

## History

Located at 257 South Orange Avenue in Newark, the building was originally built for Victorian Theatre, a vaudeville theater. It was later known as Congress Theater.
In 1958, Temple No. 25 was the first Nation of Islam mosque to open in Newark, New Jersey. Located on South Orange Avenue, its membership had a reputation of being more active and loyal than NOI members in other larger municipalities.
When Malcolm X returned from his trip to Africa in September 1959, he showed home movies to the members at this mosque. Men involved in Malcolm X's assassination had ties with the mosque, including the 3 men convicted of his murder and two additional accomplices that were not charged. On September 7, 1973, the mosque was the location of the funeral for James Russell McGregor (James Shabazz). Over 3,000 people were in attendance.
It is now known as Masjid Muhammad-Newark.
# Timurid Quran manuscript

The Timurid Quran manuscript, also known as the Aqquyunlu Quran manuscript, is a 15th-century Timurid Quranic manuscript written on paper produced in the Ming dynasty. On 25 June 2020, it was sold at auction by Christie's for £7,016,250, surpassing its estimated value more than twelve-fold and rendering it the most expensive Quranic manuscript ever sold at the time.

## Description

The manuscript consists of 534 folios, sized 22.6 x 15.5cm, largely comprising dyed, gold-flecked paper manufactured in Ming China. Infused with lead white, the paper is described as having a soft and silk-like texture. It is variously coloured pink, purple, cream, orange, blue and turquoise, with some pages containing depictions of landscapes, flora and birds. The Arabic is written using naskh script, with thuluth script used for titling surahs and the thirty juz'.

## Controversy

The sale of the manuscript was condemned by several academics, who argued that doing so undermined its historical, cultural and spiritual value. Questions were also raised over its provenance, with critics stating that concealment by Christie's of its details before the 1980s could obscure possible instances of looting and trafficking.
# Fares D. Noujaim

Fares Noujaim (Arabic: فارس نجيم) is a Lebanese-American banker who joined Guggenheim Partners in September 2014. He was appointed Co-Chairman of Guggenheim Securities, the investment banking and capital markets division of Guggenheim Partners in 2024. Previously, Noujaim was Executive Vice Chairman of Global Corporate & Investment Banking at Bank of America Merrill Lynch.
Noujaim was also a member of the Global Corporate & Investment Banking Leadership team and had served as Global Head of Sovereign Wealth Funds, after previously serving as President of Merrill Lynch Middle East & North Africa.

## Career

Prior to joining Merrill Lynch in June 2008, Noujaim was vice chairman of the board of directors of Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. and was a member of Bear Stearns’ President’s Advisory Committee, having previously served as the committee’s chairman. While at Bear Stearns, Noujaim led banking teams providing capital markets and strategic advisory services to key domestic and international investment banking clients, including a broad range of global corporate enterprises and sovereign governments. He was Global Head of the firm’s Capital Markets Group from 1992 to 1997.
In 2008, he was appointed as the president for Merrill Lynch's Middle East and North Africa subsidiary, a position that was created specifically for him and resided in Dubai for two years.
Over the course of his career, Noujaim has advised on announced M&A transactions in excess of $1 trillion and has facilitated financings totaling in approximately $1 trillion. Noujaim began his career with Goldman Sachs in 1985 and has served on the board of International College as well as The National Council of Economic Education.
# Kościuszkowców Street, Warsaw

Kościuszkowców Street is located in the Wawer district of Warsaw, Poland. It connects Korkowa Street with Bronisława Czecha Street, which is also part of the national road 2. Its east side borders with King Jan Sobieski Reserve.
Close to the street there's Church of St. Felix of Cantalice, and from its tower Adolf Hitler observed occupation of Warsaw on September 15, 1939.
There are public transport lines running, including 115, 305 and night line N25.
# Katama

Katama (Amharic: ከተማ kätäma) was the name of a medieval fortified Ethiopian military encampment, that was typically situated on top of an amba. These royal military camps served as the capital of the empire and was an important element of the political and social organization of the Ethiopian state until the 17th century. Later the term was used in the 19th and 20th centuries as any kind of dense urban settlement that functioned as a center of an administrative unit.

## Description

The katama's basic structure was described in the 14th century Ethiopian text Ser'ata Mangest, which describe the ritual proceedings for the assembling and dismantling of a katama camp. According to this text, the camp's construction began with the planting of the royal standard, marking the center of the Emperor's compound, usually on the highest summit. Then surveyors determined the sites of the structures around it. The layout of the katama followed a characteristic pattern, it was circular and concentric around two perpendicular axes. In the center was the Emperor's quarters, which also housed the royal chapels, a clergy and the royal kitchen. The inner center was surrounded by a palisade and only a very limited number of dignitaries were allowed in. In the second circle around that accommodated the compounds of the royal spouses, the court and the rest of the state dignitaries. This too was surrounded by a palisade and strictly guarded. And outside of that was occupied by the houses of vassals, their retainers and their families. There were also other institutions such as prisons, marketplaces and churches. During the medieval era the population of a katama was vast, with Francisco Álvares estimating Lebna Dengel's katama to number over 40,000 people.
After the establishment of Gondar, the culture of establishing military encampments did not disappear, but instead was imitated by smaller courts of regional governors. This would play an important role in Menelik II's conquest of the south and the consolidation of imperial rule. The katama was mostly established on hilltops, sometimes near already existing villages or markets. These katamas were established to house Menelik II's soldiers (neftenya) and their families, but they also served as an outpost for Christian Amhara culture, which acted as a kind of cultural bridgehead towards the surrounding countryside. Many of these katamas evolved into permanent settlements, among those were Irgalem, Jijiga, Galamso, Goba, Dembidolo, Ginir and Negele Borana.
# Henrik Wiese

Henrik Wiese (born 22 July 1971) is a German flutist.

## Life and career

Born in Vienna, Wiese studied in his hometown of Hamburg with Ingrid Koch-Dörnbrak and in Munich with Paul Meisen. In 1995, he was engaged as principal flutist at the Bavarian State Opera Munich. In 2006, he moved to the same position in the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. Wiese received calls to the Hochschule für Künste Bremen in 2018 and to the Hochschule für Musik Nürnberg in 2020.
Wiese is a prize-winner of the 1995 Deutscher Musikwettbewerb and the international competitions in Kobe / Japan 1997, Internationaler Instrumentalwettbewerb Markneukirchen [de] 1998, Odense / Denmark Carl Nielsen 1998 and 2000 ARD International Music Competition.
His artistic work is documented by several recordings (CD, radio and television recordings). In addition to the Böhm flute, Wiese also plays the transverse flute and can be heard with this instrument in the "Accademia giocosa". Since 1997, Wiese has worked as an editor for, among others, G. Henle Verlag in Munich, Breitkopf & Härtel in Wiesbaden or Universal Edition in Vienna. His editorial and scholarly interests focus on the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Bach's pupil Johann Philipp Kirnberger and Gewandhaus Kapellmeister Carl Reinecke.
Wiese is a synesthesist.

## Editions (selection)

* Mozart: Hafner-Sinfonie KV 385.
* Mozart: Große g-Moll-Sinfonie KV 550
* Mozart: Gran Partita KV 361.
* Mozart: Oboen- bzw. Flötenkonzert KV 314.
* Mozart: Hornkonzerte KV 412, 417, 447 und 495.
* Reinecke: Flute Concerto D major op. 283.
* Weber: Trio for Piano, Flute and Cello, op. 63.
* Wiese: The Flute Audition, Collection of auditions for flute.
# John Mogford

John Mogford (1821– 2 November 1885) was an English landscape painter.

## Life

Mogford's background was in Devon. He studied at the Somerset House Government School of Design, and then exhibited at the Royal Academy, British Institution and Suffolk Street Gallery. He lived in Hampstead, and became a member of the Institute of Painters in Watercolours, where he was known for his Cornish landscapes.
Mogford taught at the Maddox Street art school, where his pupils included Emily Mary Osborn. He married a daughter of Francis Danby.
He died on 2 November 1885 and was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.
# The Origin and Nature of Life on Earth: The Emergence of the Fourth Geosphere

The Origin and Nature of Life on Earth: The Emergence of the Fourth Geosphere (2016) is a book by Eric Smith and biophysicist Harold J. Morowitz which provides an introduction to origins of life research via a review of perspectives from a variety of fields active in this research area, including geochemistry, biochemistry, ecology, and microbiology. The book seeks to advance a novel theory by which the emergence of life can be conceptualized as a series of phase transitions, and in so doing relies on ideas from statistical mechanics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The book also argues for the primacy of metabolism, suggesting that the problem is not so much when and how life first appeared on Earth, but rather how a variety of non-biological chemical reactions came to be integrated into the earliest biotic metabolism. Given the nature of life's emergence through a series of phase transitions, and the abiotic origins of the various chemical processes constituting metabolism, the authors contend that the emergence of the biosphere, and its underlying biochemistry, is itself a planetary-scale process that is continuous with geochemistry and thus the biosphere itself should be considered the "fourth Geosphere," as the title suggests.
# Ochre (disambiguation)

Ochre is a natural pigment and associated color.
Ochre or Ocher may also refer to:
* Ochre (musician) (born 1979), an artist
* Mariya Ocher (born 1986), Russian singer-songwriter
* Ochre River, Manitoba, in Canada
* Ochre, a type of genetics stop codon
* Ocher, alternative spelling of Ochyor, a town in Perm Krai, Russia
# Hendri Satriadi

Hendri Satriadi (born 3 May 1992) is an Indonesian professional footballer who plays as a winger.

## Club career
### Persegres Gresik

He made his professional debut against Persela Lamongan in the first week of the 2016 Indonesia Soccer Championship A.
# Johnny Holton

Johnny Holton Jr. (born August 22, 1991) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at Cincinnati and was signed by the Oakland Raiders as an undrafted free agent in 2016. He was also a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, Pittsburgh Steelers, and New York Giants.

## College career

Holton was recruited to play junior college football at the College of Dupage. There, Holton excelled on the field at wide receiver over his two years at the school. After his time there, he had offers from the University of Alabama, Florida State University, Ohio State University, TSU and Auburn but he chose Cincinnati to continue his college career.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 0+5⁄8 in (1.84 m) | 190 lb (86 kg) | 32+7⁄8 in (0.84 m) | 9+7⁄8 in (0.25 m) | 4.54 s | 31.5 in (0.80 m) | 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m) | 8 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine ||||||||

### Oakland Raiders

On May 10, 2016, Holton signed with the Oakland Raiders as an undrafted free agent following the conclusion of the 2016 NFL draft. He played in 15 games his rookie season, recording two receptions for 34 yards while playing regular role on special teams.
On September 3, 2018, Holton was waived by the Raiders and was later re-signed to the practice squad, with his position being changed from wide receiver to cornerback. He was promoted to the active roster on November 21, 2018, as a wide receiver. He was waived on November 26, 2018, and re-signed to the practice squad.

### Philadelphia Eagles

On January 15, 2019, Holton signed a reserve/future contract with the Philadelphia Eagles. He was waived on May 8, 2019.

### Pittsburgh Steelers

On May 13, 2019, Holton signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was waived on August 31, 2019, and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on September 7, 2019.
The Steelers released Holton on March 16, 2020.

### New York Giants

Holton was signed by the New York Giants on September 2, 2020. He was released on September 5, 2020, and signed to the practice squad the next day. He was elevated to the active roster on September 26 for the team's week 3 game against the San Francisco 49ers, and reverted to the practice squad after the game on September 28. He was released on October 5, 2020.
# John Wild (cricketer)

John Wild is an English former cricketer active from 1953 to 1961 who played for Northamptonshire (Northants). He was born in Northampton on 24 February 1935. He appeared in 41 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled off spin. He scored 664 runs with a highest score of 95 and took 57 wickets with a best performance of four for 44.
# Aggrey Memorial A.M.E. Zion Senior High School

Aggrey Memorial A.M.E. Zion Senior High School is a publicly supported Coeducational senior high school in Cape Coast, Ghana. It educates students to pass the WASSCE.

## Academics

The academic performance of students has always been high compared to that of sister schools. The Ordinary and Advanced Level ('O' and 'A' Level) programmes were respectively phased out in 1994 and 1996 when the government of Ghana introduced the new "Educational Reform Programme" started in 1999. The school currently offers four of five programs that the new system addresses: Agricultural Science, Business, Vocational (Home Economics and Visual Arts), and General (Arts and Science). The only programme that the school does not offer is Technical Programme. In 2001, Out of the total number of 500 candidates the school presented for the West African Senior High School Certificate Examination (WASSCE), 498 passed in five or more subjects out of 499 students who took the examination. The highest-performing student scored 7 A1s and a B2 while three others obtained 7 A1s and a B3.
The school also participates in the Robotics Inspired Science Education (RiSE) Workshop mission that inspires and energizes teachers, middle school, high school and college students in Ghana to pursue education and careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) by using the motivational effects of robots to connect theory with practice.

## Excellence

In 1997, the Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations conducted by the West Africa Examinations Council(WAEC), Aggrey Memorial Zion Secondary School was one of the schools honoured by the council for academic excellence. The school produced the best Agricultural Science Student in this examination.
The school's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) status is very high with a 120 feet transmission mast linked via satellite with AT&T in the US.
The Aggrey Memorial A.M.E. Zion Senior High School undertook a project designed to assemble and fly light aeroplanes in the country in 2010. The project, the first of its kind by an educational institution in Ghana, was in collaboration with the Franklyn College in the United Kingdom and the British Model Flying Association (BMFA).

## Notable alumni

* Yaw Darko Asare, active Justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana
* Kofi Acquah-Dadzie, academic and judge
* Kojo Asemanyi, politician
* T. D. Brodie-Mends, politician
* Mustapha Essuman, footballer
* Ken Kanda, Ghanaian representative to the United Nations
* Rose Mensah-Kutin, gender advocate, journalist
* Abrewa Nana, musician
* Yvonne Nelson, actress
* George Brigars Williams, actor
* John Kudalor, former Inspector General of Police