# Paul Rougnon

Paul-Louis Rougnon (French pronunciation:; 24 August 1846 – 11 December 1934) was a French composer, pianist and music educator.

## Biography

Paul Rougnon was born in Poitiers the son of Louis Rougnon and Claire Clotilde Robin. A student at the Lycée Bonaparte (now the Lycée Condorcet), he entered the Conservatoire de Paris in 1861 as an auditor, then a full-time student in 1862. He studied piano, music theory and composition with such masters as Édouard Batiste, François Bazin, Ambroise Thomas, Antoine François Marmontel and César Franck. He received degrees in music theory in 1865, harmony in 1868 and counterpoint in 1870.
In 1873, at age 27, Rougnon became a professor at the Conservatoire, then under the directorship of Ambroise Thomas. He taught music theory, counterpoint and fugue until his retirement in 1921. His students include Alfred Cortot, Yves Nat, Fernand Oubradous, Noël Gallon, and Henri Mulet. In addition to teaching, he was an administrator for the choral societies Orphéon and Sociétés musicales mutuelles. He composed choral works especially for these ensembles. After the turn of the century, he began to work with various magazines including Piano-Soleil, Le Monde Musical, Le Ménestrel, Le Monde Orphéonique and L'Harmonie.
As a prolific composer and writer, he composed more than 300 musical works in addition to literary and pedagogical volumes. He composed hundreds of piano pieces, two operas, some chamber music, and also vocal and choral works. In 1896, under the tenure of Théodore Dubois, the Conservatoire began the practice of charging composers to write contest pieces. Rougnon began composing works for this purpose, particularly for piano, viola, flute, and trumpet. His treatises on music theory and piano pedagogy are still in use today.
Rougnon received a gold medal for his collective works of music education at the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris. In 1911, he was made a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur.
Rougnon married Marie-Louise de Beurmann in 1887 and had five children. He died on 11 December 1934 at his home in Saint-Germain-en-Laye.

## Selected works
### Compositions

This is a list of compositions sorted by genre, opus number, date of composition (or publication), and title.
| Genre | Opus | Date | Title | Scoring | Notes |
| Opera | | 1876 | La Prima Donna | | libretto by Lauzières de Thémines |
| Opera | | | Le Prince charmant | | |
| Chamber music | | | Air de ballet | for oboe and piano | |
| Chamber music | | 1916 | Allegro appassionato in D minor | for viola (or cello) and piano | |
| Chamber music | | 1879 | Aragonaise | for violin and piano | original for piano solo |
| Chamber music | | 1900 | 2 Morceaux 2. Allegro symphonique | for oboe (or violin) and piano | |
| Chamber music | | 1919 | Barcarolle in G major | for flute (or violin) and piano | |
| Chamber music | 138 | 1895 | Concertino romantique in D minor | for viola (or violin) and piano | dedicated to violist Théophile Laforge |
| Chamber music | | 1921 | Élégie | | |
| Chamber music | | 1922 | Fantaisie-Caprice in G major | for viola and piano | dedicated to violist Maurice Vieux |
| Chamber music | | | 1$^{er}$ Fantaisie de concert | for trumpet and piano | |
| Chamber music | | 1900? | Fantaisie de concert | for oboe and piano | |
| Chamber music | | 1902 | 4$^{ème}$ Fantaisie de concert in G minor | for viola (or violin) and piano | |
| Chamber music | | | Grande étude de concert | for viola and piano | |
| Chamber music | | | Méditation | for violin (or cello) and piano or organ | |
| Chamber music | | 1911 | 4 Pièces archaïques concertantes DanzaPasse-piedToccata | for 2 violins and piano | |
| Chamber music | | | Polonaise de concert | for 2 trumpets and piano | |
| Chamber music | | | Prière | | |
| Chamber music | | 1919 | Rapsodie italienne | for flute (or violin) and piano | |
| Chamber music | | 1919 | Sérénade in A major | for flute (or violin) and piano | dedicated to flautist René Le Roy |
| Chamber music | | | Sicilienne | for bass saxhorn, bugle, baritone or saxophone | |
| Chamber music | 128 | 1895 | 1$^{er}$ Solo in F major | for clarinet and piano | dedicated to clarinetist Cyrille Rose |
| Chamber music | | | 1$^{er}$ Solo de concert | for alto saxophone and piano | |
| Chamber music | | 1895 | 2$^{ème}$ Solo de concert BerceuseCaprice | for alto saxophone and piano | "Ces deux parties s'enchaînent sans interruption ou peuvent être jouées séparément" |
| Chamber music | | | 1$^{er}$ Solo de concert | for trumpet or cornet and piano | |
| Chamber music | 129 | 1895 | 2$^{ème}$ Solo de concert in D minor | for trumpet and piano | "Imposé au Concours du Conservatoire de Paris (1895)" |
| Chamber music | | 1900 | 4$^{ème}$ Solo de concert in F major | for trumpet and piano | "Imposé au Concours du Conservatoire de Paris (1913)"; dedicated to trumpeter Merri Franquin |
| Chamber music | | 1900 | 5$^{ème}$ Solo de concert: Variations sur un thème original | for trumpet and piano | Fantaisie pastorale |
| Chamber music | | | 8$^{ème}$ Solo de concert | for trumpet and piano | |
| Chamber music | | | Suite de concert | for viola and piano | |
| Organ | | | 2 Pièces | for organ | No. 1 in C, No. 2 in E |
| Piano | 2 | | Caprice-Menuet, Menuet symphonique in G major | for piano | |
| Piano | 4 | | Mazurka-Polonaise | for piano | |
| Pedagogical | 12 | 1875 | 15 Études préparatoires de mécanisme et de style mélodiques et progressives | for piano | |
| Pedagogical | 15 | 1874 | 24 Récréations instructives dans tous les tons majeurs et mineurs, Précédées de la gamme rythmée et d'un exercice dans le ton du morceau | for piano | |
| Pedagogical | 21 | 1877 | 12 Études très faciles, Faisant suite aux méthodes | for piano | introduction to Op. 22 |
| Pedagogical | 22 | 1877 | 12 Études faciles sans octaves, Précédées d'exercises préparatoires et composées spécialement pour développer le mécanisme, le sentiment mélodique et rhythmique | for piano | introduction to Op. 23 |
| Pedagogical | 23 | 1877 | 12 Études chantantes de style et de mécanisme faisant suite aux Études faciles, Op. 22, Précédées d'exercices préparatoires | for piano | introduction to Op. 24 |
| Piano | 26 | 1877 | 15 Caprices-Études | for piano | dedicated to Ambroise Thomas |
| Piano | 30 | | La Madgyare, Fantaisie-Caprice | for piano | |
| Piano | 32 | | La Chant de la montagne | for piano | |
| Piano | 35 | | Rêve maternal | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1879 | Aragonaise | for piano | also for violin and piano |
| Piano | 38 | 1879 | La charmeuse, Polka-Mazurka | for piano | |
| Piano | 46 | 1880 | Historiette, Caprice | for piano | |
| Piano | 47 | 1880 | Le sommeil des fleurs, Nocturne | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1880 | Fleurs et diamants, Caprice brillante | for piano | |
| Piano | 52 | 1882 | Souvenance, Gavotte | for piano | |
| Piano | 55 | 1881 | Caprice espagnol | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1881 | Le Réveil de flore, Valse brillante | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1886 | Au Village, Impromptu | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1886 | Valse-Caprice | for piano | |
| Piano | 80 | 1887 | Gavotte | for piano | |
| Piano | 81 | 1887 | Chanson vénitienne | for piano | |
| Piano | 82 | 1887 | Marquis et Marquise, Souvenir d'autrefois | for piano | |
| Piano | 88 | 1885 | Perruque poudrée, Vieux style | for piano | |
| Piano | 90 | 1885 | Aragonaise | for piano | |
| Piano | 91 | | Concert des anges, Nocturne brilliante | for piano | |
| Piano | 93 | | Valse-Ballet, Morceau de salon | for piano | |
| Piano | 96 | 1886 | Scherzo-Valse, Morceau brilliante | for piano | |
| Piano | 97 | | Tristezza, Chant de tristesse, Nocturne | for piano | |
| Piano | 98 | | Allegrezza | for piano | |
| Piano | 99 | | Valse des lutins, Morceau brilliante | for piano | |
| Piano | 100 | 1887 | Valse rêveuse | for piano | |
| Piano | 101 | 1887 | Menuet symphonique | for piano | |
| Piano | 103 | | Ballerine, Air de ballet | for piano | |
| Piano | 104 | | Astre des nuits, Nocturne | for piano | |
| Piano | 105 | | Menuet de l'infante | for piano | |
| Piano | 105 | | Valse-Rêverie | for piano | |
| Piano | 106 | | Chanson de l'aïeule | for piano | |
| Piano | 107 | | Valse joyeuse | for piano | |
| Piano | 108 | | Mascarade | for piano | |
| Piano | 109 | | Parmi le thym et le rosée, Idylle in A major | for piano | |
| Piano | 110 | | Valse des fileuses | for piano | |
| Piano | 111 | | Sous les tilleuls, Valse alsacienne | for piano | |
| Piano | 115 | | Polichinelle | for piano | |
| Piano | 117 | | Bagatelle | for piano | |
| Piano | 120 | | 4 Pièces faciles et brillantes sans octaves Danse bretonneRondo-ValseBalladeGalop | for piano 4-hands | |
| Piano | 121 | | Gavotte Régence | for piano | |
| Piano | 122 | | Valse arabesque | for piano | |
| Piano | 123 | | Russia, Mazurka | for piano | |
| Piano | 124 | | Menuet-Ballet | for piano | |
| Piano | 125 | | Danse rustique | for piano | |
| Piano | 126 | | Dans l'azur, Caprice | for piano | |
| Piano | 128 | | Echos du nord, Mazurka | for piano | |
| Piano | 129 | | Près du Ruisseau | for piano | |
| Piano | 131 | | Mazurka rêveuse | for piano | |
| Piano | 133 | | Chanson du Batelier | for piano | |
| Piano | 136 | | Hymne | for piano | |
| Piano | 141 | | Passe-pied de la reine | for piano | |
| Piano | 141 | | Chants du cœur | for piano | |
| Piano | 142 | | Les Cascatelles, Caprice brillante | for piano | |
| Piano | 142 | | 2$^{ème}$ Valse-Caprice | for piano | |
| Piano | 146 | | Valse expressive | for piano | |
| Piano | 170 | 1899 | Sérénade tendre | for piano | |
| Piano | 171 | 1899 | À Grenade, Danse espagnole | for piano | |
| Piano | 200 | | Faintaisie-Valse | for piano | |
| Piano | 220 | | 6 Morceaux Sous la Ramée, ValseLa Naïade, CapriceEn rêvant, RomanceTalons roses, Caprice-GavotteEn valsant, Fantaisie-ValseBalancelle, Caprice-Valse | for piano | |
| Piano | 301 | 1912 | Pour la saison nouvelle, 2 Pièces 2. Chanson d'été | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1921 | Danse ancienne in D minor | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1927 | Les Harpes célestes, Caprice in G major | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1931 | 6$^{ème}$ Mazurka in D major | for piano | |
| Piano | | 1930 | 1$^{ère}$ Alsacienne in A major | for piano | may be played as a solo or simultaneously with 2$^{ème}$ Alsacienne on a second piano |
| Piano | | 1930 | 2$^{ème}$ Alsacienne in A major | for piano | may be played as a solo or simultaneously with 1$^{ère}$ Alsacienne on a second piano |
| Piano | | | 2$^e$ Air de ballet | for piano | |
| Piano | | | Cantilène italienne | for piano | |
| Piano | | | Chanson espagnole in D minor | for piano | |
| Piano | | | Chant d'amour, Rêverie-Barcarolle in E♭ major | for piano | |
| Piano | | | Fleur de bruyères, Villanelle | for piano | |
| Piano | | | La Féria, Caprice espagnol in A minor | for piano | |
| Piano | | | Marche bosniaque in C major | for piano | |
| Vocal | | 1876 | Le Bataillon de la reine | for voice and piano | words by François de Barghon Fort-Rion |
| Vocal | | 1879 | Chant de Pâques | for voice and piano | words by L. Bridier; championed by tenor Jean-Alexandre Talazac |
| Vocal | | 1879 | L'Assomption! | for voice and piano | words by L. Bridier |
| Vocal | | 1885 | La Chanson du renouveau | for voice and piano | words by R. Laret |
| Vocal | | 1885 | Le Souvenir | for voice and piano | words by P. Roussel |
| Vocal | 99 | 1887 | Gavotte-Marly | for voice and piano | ....Théorie composée par De Soria |
| Vocal | | 1890 | Pour Vous, Mélodie | for voice and piano | words by Léon Roger-Milès |
| Vocal | | 1904 | Le Chant de la Mutualité, Prose rythmée | for voice and piano | words by the composer À Monsieur Léopold Mabilleau, Président de la Fédération Nationale des Sociétés de Secours Mutuels, Directeur du Musée Social |
| Vocal | | 1921 | Les Enfants du Poitou!, Hymne patriotique poitevin | for voice and piano | words by the composer; Patriotic Hymn of Poitou |
| Vocal | | 1927 | Aragonaise, Cantilène espagnole | for voice and piano | words by Louis Tiercelin |
| Vocal | | | Comment on dit: je t'aime | for voice and piano | words by Fernand Rougnon |
| Vocal | | | Coquelicots et bluets | for voice and piano | words by Louis Girard |
| Vocal | | | J'ai fait pleurer tes yeux... | for voice and piano | words by A. Saillard |
| Vocal | | | Je crois, j'aime, j'espère!, Mélodie | for voice and piano | words by Fernand Rougnon |
| Vocal | | | Le Rêveur et le passant | for voice and piano | words by Fernand Rougnon |
| Choral | | | Bois | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Cyclopes, Scène chorale | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | En mer | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Enfants de la côte | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Enfants d'Orphée | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Enfants de St. Eloi | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Fin de moisson | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Fleur du matin | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Fraternité | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Gloire aux héros! | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Haut les cœurs! | for male chorus a cappella | words by H. A. Simon |
| Choral | | | Hymne à Paris (Vive Paris!), Scène chorale | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Hymne au drapeau | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Idylle | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Korrigans | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | La Nuit aux champs | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Les Bateleurs | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Les Chants du jeune age pour garçons ou filles | for chorus and piano | |
| Choral | | | Les Flibustiers | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Les Laboureurs | for male chorus a cappella | words by René Brancour |
| Choral | | | Les Pêcheurs | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Les Penseurs | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Les Voix de la foule | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | 1873 | Messe en Fa majeur à 3 voix | for chorus a cappella | premiered at L'église de Saint-Porchaire in Poitiers with subsequent performances in Paris on 6 June 1891 at Basilique du Sacré Cœur de Montmartre, in Rome at San Luigi dei Francesi, and at the Palace of Versailles |
| Choral | | | Poésie du soir | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Retour du Pôle | for male chorus a cappella | |
| Choral | | | Vers les Times | for male chorus a cappella | |

### Literary works

* Devoirs élémentaires de musique théorique et pratique en deux livres (Éditions Gallet)
* Dictées harmoniques à 2 parties (Heugel and Cie., 1914)
* Dictionnaire général de l'art musical (Éditions Delagrave, 1935)
* Dictionnaire musical des locutions étrangères (italiennes, allemandes, etc.) (c.1880, Éditions Delagrave, 1918, 1935)
* La Musique et son histoire (Librairie Garnier Frères, 1920)
* Le Mouvement et les nuances d'expression dans la musique (P. Dupont, 1893)
* Le Rythme et la mesure: Traité complet théorique, analytique & practique (Éditions Enoch et Cie.)
* Manuel de transposition musicale: étude de toutes les clés; appliquée aux instruments de musique et principalment au piano, à l'orgue, à la harpe (Heugel, 1912)
* Origines de la notation musicale moderne: Étude historique (1925)
* Petit dictionnaire de musique: termes musicaux usuels (Heugel, 1922)
* Petit dictionnaire liturgique de musique religieuse: théorique, pratique, historique (P. Lethielleux, 1921)
* Petite biographie des grands compositeurs (in 3 volumes) 1. École française 2. École italienne 3. École allemande (Éditions Margueritat, 1924)
* Souvenirs de 60 années de vie musicale et de 50 années de professorat au Conservatoire de Paris (Éditions Margueritat, 1925)

#### Pedagogical publications

* Cours de chant choral (Andrieu et Cie., 1924)
* Cours de piano élémentaire et progressif formant un cours complet de mécanisme (E. Gallet, 1899; Éditions M. Combre)
* Grandes études journalières de solfège à changement de clef (Éditions du Ménestrel, 1907)
* Mon piano: Hygiène du piano, Petit dictionnaire explicatif et historique des éléments constitutifs du piano (Éditions Fischbacher, 1921)
* Principes de la musique. Étude développée (Édition Delagrave, 1936)
* Solfège élémentaire: théorique, analytique et pratique à la portée des jeunes élèves (Éditions Combre)
* Solfège en 16 volumes (Éditions Combre)
* Traité pratique de prosodie dans la composition musicale et la déclamation lyrique (Éditions Enoch et Cie.)
* Traité pratique d'harmonie (Éditions Gallet)