OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Steve Molloy

Stephen John Molloy (born 11 March 1969) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s, and coached in the 2000s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and England, and at club level for Warrington, Leeds, Featherstone Rovers (captain), Sheffield Eagles, Oldham (two spells), Huddersfield-Sheffield Giants, Huddersfield Giants and Batley Bulldogs, as a prop, and coached at club level for Oldham. Steve is the current Head Coach of the ambitious Manchester Rangers RLFC who are currently working on plans to enter the semi-professional & professional ranks in the near future.

## Background

Steve Molloy was born in Gorton, Manchester, Lancashire, England. Nickname Big Face

## Playing career
### Club career

Molloy made his début for Warrington on Sunday 28 August 1988, and he played his last match for Warrington on Monday 16 April 1990. He played at prop in Warrington's 24–16 victory over Oldham in the 1989 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1989–90 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Saturday 14 October 1989.
In 1993, Molloy transferred from Leeds to Featherstone Rovers. The transfer fee was decided by a tribunal, with Featherstone paying Leeds an initial fee of £95,000, and an additional £5,000 when he received another cap for Great Britain. He made his début for Featherstone Rovers on Sunday 29 August 1993, and he played his last match for the club in September 1997.

### International honours

Steve Molloy won caps for England while at Leeds in 1992 against Wales, while at Featherstone Rovers in 1996 against France (interchange/substitute), and Wales, while at Sheffield Eagles in 1999 against France (2 matches), and won caps for Great Britain while at Leeds in 1993 against France, while at Featherstone Rovers in 1994 against Fiji, 1996 against Fiji (interchange/substitute), and New Zealand (interchange/substitute).

## Coaching career

In 2002, he became player-coach at Oldham. He left the club at the end of the 2004 season when his contract was not renewed.
He spent three seasons coaching Oldham's rugby union team before accepting a development role with the Rugby Football League in 2008.
# Freedonia (disambiguation)

Freedonia is a name for any of several fictitious nations.
Freedonia may also refer to:
* Principality of Freedonia, a defunct micronation
* Freedonia, a side-project band by Christopher Cross
* "Freedonia" (The West Wing), a television episode
# Shepard Glacier

Shepard Glacier is a glacier remnant (glacieret) In Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. The glacieret is immediately southeast of Cathedral Peak. Shepard Glacier was one of a number of glaciers that have been documented by the United States Geological Service (USGS) to have retreated significantly in Glacier National Park. Shepard Glacier was measured in 2009 to have decreased to less than 25 acres (0.10 km$^2$), considered to be a minimal size to qualify as being considered an active glacier. Between 1966 and 2005, Shepard Glacier lost 56 percent of its surface area.
Comparing the 2005 image at right to the one below taken in 1913, it is apparent that Shepard glacier has retreated significantly between these dates.
# Tazeen Hussain

Tazeen Hussain is a Pakistani actress who works in Pakistani television. The daughter of actor Talat Hussain, she made her acting debut in late 1990s. After several television appearances, she made her television comeback in 2022.

## Personal life

Hussain is the daughter of actor Talat Hussain. Her husband Zahid Hussain died of heart attack in 2020.

## Career

Hussain made her acting debut in 1994 with Shalimar Television Network's telefilm Raqeeb, opposite Faisal Rehman. She then appeared in Syed Mohammad Ahmed's telefilm Aurat. She played a girl with management problems in Shahpar.
She returned to television after a hiatus of more than fifteen years in Mohammed Ehteshamuddin's Yunhi where she played a composed and divorced daughter of a typical Pakistani family. She next appeared in Mehreen Jabbar's directed Jurm as a mother seeking justice for her murdered daughter.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1994 | Raqeeb | Shahida | Telefilm |
| 1994 | Aurat | | Telefilm |
| 1995 | Itni Si Baat | Sukaina | Serial |
| 1997 | Shahpar | Seema | Serial |
| 1997 | Deeda e Purkhoon | | Telefilm |
| 1998 | Shaam Say Pehle | | Telefilm |
| 2001 | Mohalt | | Serial |
| 2003 | Anjanay Raastey | | Serial |
| 2023 | Yunhi | Iqbal "Bali" Karamat | Serial |
| 2023 | Jurm | Naseema Nadeem | Serial |
| 2023 | Zulm | Rameen | Serial |
| 2024 | Let's Try Mohabbat | Samiya Sher Ali | Serial |
| 2024 | Daghabaaz Di | Zohra Phuppo | Film |
| 2024 | Khayal | | |
| | Qarz-e-Jaan | Bisma | Serial |
| | Jo Bachay Hain Sang Smait Lo | "Bibi Jaan" | Upcoming Netflix Serial |
# Paul Medley

Paul Medley (born 21 September 1966) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, and at club level for Leeds, Halifax, Bradford Northern/Bradford Bulls and Dewsbury Rams, as a prop, second-row, or loose forward.

## Playing career
### Leeds

Medley signed for Leeds from the club's Colts team in 1984. He made his first team debut in January 1985 against Workington Town.
Medley played at second-row in Leeds' 14–15 defeat by St. Helens in the 1987–88 John Player Special Trophy Final during the 1987–88 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 9 January 1988.
Medley appeared as a substitute (replacing second-row Mark Brooke-Cowden) and scored a try in Leeds' 33–12 victory over Castleford in the 1988 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1988–89 season at Elland Road, Leeds on Sunday 16 October 1988.
In January 1989, Medley was sold to Halifax as part of a exchange deal for Paul Dixon.

### Bradford

Following Halifax's relegation from the First Division at the end of the 1988–89 season, Medley was signed by Bradford Northern for a club record fee of £110,000.
Medley appeared as a substitute (replacing prop Jon Hamer) in Bradford Northern's 20–14 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the 1989 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1989–90 season at Headingley, Leeds on Sunday 5 November 1989.
Medley played second-row in Bradford Northern's 2–12 defeat by Warrington in the 1990–91 Regal Trophy Final during the 1990–91 season at Headingley, Leeds on Saturday 12 January 1991.
Medley played second-row in 8–15 defeat by Wigan in the 1992–93 Regal Trophy Final during the 1992–93 season at Elland Road, Leeds on Saturday 23 January 1993.
He appeared for Bradford Bulls from the bench in their 1996 Challenge Cup Final defeat by St Helens.
He played 385 games and scored 149 tries in a career that lasted 15 years. He was one of the key players of the Bradford Bulls for 10 years.
Medley played one final season with Dewsbury Rams, helping them reach the 1999 Northern Ford Premiership Grand Final before announcing his retirement.

### Representative career

Medley was selected for the 1988 Great Britain Lions tour.

## Post-playing career

After retiring as a player, Medley returned to Bradford Bulls, and worked in a number of different roles at the club, including player performance manager and being head of the club's youth academy. He left the club in 2014 to become the national player development manager for the Rugby Football League.
# Ogle Township, Pennsylvania

Ogle Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 467 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.2 square miles (93.9 km$^2$), of which 36.2 square miles (93.8 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km$^2$) (0.08%) is water. Ogle Township is bordered by Shade Township to the south, Paint Township to the west, Cambria County to the north, and Bedford County to the east.

## Recreation

Most of the Gallitzin State Forest (Babcock Division) and a very small portion of the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 26 occupies just over half of the township.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 588 people, 217 households, and 157 families living in the township. The population density was 16.2 people per square mile (6.3/km$^2$). There were 251 housing units at an average density of 6.9/sq mi (2.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.49% White, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51%.
Of the 217 households 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 22.1% of households were one person and 6.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.20.
The age distribution was 26.5% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.9 males.
The median household income was $43,438 and the median family income was $48,625. Males had a median income of $35,536 versus $22,083 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,005. About 4.2% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.
# Veronica Pyke

Veronica Pyke (born 11 April 1981) is an Australian former cricketer who played for Tasmanian Roar and Hobart Hurricanes.

## Early life

From Orford on the east coast of Tasmania, Pyke first played senior cricket with the men's team in her home town.

## Tasmanian Roar

Pyke has captained Tasmanian Roar since that team joined the domestic competition. Originally she was known as a left-arm bowler, but over time she has developed into an all-rounder. During the 2012–13 WNCL competition, she scored a total of 151 runs, more than any other Roar player.
At Cricket Tasmania's awards night in 2013–14, Pyke won the Tasmanian Roar Player of the Year award, after also being named the team's WNCL Player of the Year and WT20 Player of the Year.
In round 1 of the 2015–16 WNCL competition, Pyke scored 24 runs against the ACT Meteors and took 3/21 against the Victorian Spirit. However, the Roar lost all three of its matches in that round, including its match against the Queensland Fire. In the next round, a match against the New South Wales Breakers in Launceston, Pyke scored 41 from 33 balls, but again the Roar fell short of victory. In the final round, in Adelaide, Pyke took two wickets in the Roar's losing effort against the Western Fury. She then made 28 runs against the South Australian Scorpions, but after her dismissal the Roar suffered yet another loss.

## Hobart Hurricanes

Pyke was part of the Hurricanes squad for the Women's Big Bash League inaugural season in 2015–16. She finished second on that season's table of the leading WBBL wicket takers, with 22 wickets at an average of 13.09, and a best performance of 3 for 19 against the Melbourne Renegades. At the end of the season, the Australian Cricketers' Association selected her in its WBBL All*Star Team of the Year. She was also a member of the Hurricanes squad for the 2016–17 WBBL season. In November 2018, she was named in the Hobart Hurricanes' squad for the 2018–19 Women's Big Bash League season.

## Personal life

Off the field, Pyke is a Parks and Reserves officer with the Glamorgan Spring Bay Council.
# 458

Year 458 (CDLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Maiorianus and Leo (or, less frequently, year 1211 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 458 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* Emperor Majorian builds a Roman fleet at Miseno and Ravenna. He strengthens the army, by recruiting a large number of barbarian mercenaries (Bastarnae, Burgundians, Huns, Ostrogoths, Rugii, Scythians and Suebi).
* Summer – The Vandals land in Campania, at the mouth of the Liri or the Garigliano River, and devastate the region. Majorian personally leads the Roman army and defeats the invaders near Sinuessa, destroying their ships on the seashore, loaded with booty.
* Battle of Arelate: Majorian defeats the Visigoths under King Theodoric II at Arles (Southern Gaul), near the Rhone River. Theodoric is forced to sign a peace treaty and becomes a foederatus (pl. foederati) of the Western Roman Empire.
* Winter – Majorian enters the Rhone Valley, and defeats the Burgundians under King Gondioc at Lugdunum. He forces the Bagaudae to join the western coalition against the Suebi in Spain.

#### Europe

* Childeric I succeeds his father Merovech as king of the Salian Franks. He establishes his capital at Tournai (modern Belgium) and becomes a foederatus (pl. foederati) of the Western Roman Empire.

#### Asia

* Jabi becomes the king of the Korean kingdom of Silla.

### By topic
#### Exploration and Colonization

* The city of Tbilisi (Georgia) on the Kura River is founded by King Vakhtang I of Iberia. Its location gives it control of the trade routes between western and eastern Transcaucasia.

#### Religion

* July 3 – Gennadius I becomes patriarch of Constantinople.

## Births

* Damascius, Syrian neoplatonist (approximate date)
* Xiao Zhangmao, crown prince of Southern Qi (d. 493)

## Deaths

* July 3 – Anatolius, patriarch of Constantinople
* Nulji, king of Silla (Korea)
# Gopakumar–Vafa invariant

In theoretical physics, Rajesh Gopakumar and Cumrun Vafa introduced in a series of papers numerical invariants of Calabi-Yau threefolds, later referred to as the Gopakumar–Vafa invariants. These physically defined invariants represent the number of BPS states on a Calabi–Yau threefold. In the same papers, the authors also derived the following formula which relates the Gromov–Witten invariants and the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants.
    $\sum _{g=0}^{\infty }~\sum _{\beta \in H_{2}(M,\mathbb {Z} )}{\text{GW}}(g,\beta )q^{\beta }\lambda ^{2g-2}=\sum _{g=0}^{\infty }~\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }~\sum _{\beta \in H_{2}(M,\mathbb {Z} )}{\text{GV}}(g,\beta ){\frac {1}{k}}\left(2\sin \left({\frac {k\lambda }{2}}\right)\right)^{2g-2}q^{k\beta }$ ,
where
* $\beta$ is the class of holomorphic curves with genus g,
* $\lambda$ is the topological string coupling, mathematically a formal variable,
* $q^{\beta }=\exp(2\pi it_{\beta })$ with $t_{\beta }$ the Kähler parameter of the curve class $\beta$,
* ${\text{GW}}(g,\beta )$ are the Gromov–Witten invariants of curve class $\beta$ at genus $g$,
* ${\text{GV}}(g,\beta )$ are the Gopakumar–Vafa invariants of curve class $\beta$ at genus $g$.
Notably, Gromov-Witten invariants are generally rational numbers while Gopakumar-Vafa invariants are always integers.

## As a partition function in topological quantum field theory

Gopakumar–Vafa invariants can be viewed as a partition function in topological quantum field theory. They are proposed to be the partition function in Gopakumar–Vafa form:
    $Z_{top}=\exp \left[\sum _{g=0}^{\infty }~\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }~\sum _{\beta \in H_{2}(M,\mathbb {Z} )}{\text{GV}}(g,\beta ){\frac {1}{k}}\left(2\sin \left({\frac {k\lambda }{2}}\right)\right)^{2g-2}q^{k\beta }\right]\ .$

## Mathematical approaches

While Gromov-Witten invariants have rigorous mathematical definitions (both in symplectic and algebraic geometry), there is no mathematically rigorous definition of the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, except for very special cases.
On the other hand, Gopakumar-Vafa's formula implies that Gromov-Witten invariants and Gopakumar-Vafa invariants determine each other. One can solve Gopakumar-Vafa invariants from Gromov-Witten invariants, while the solutions are a priori rational numbers. Ionel-Parker proved that these expressions are indeed integers.
# Vince McKeating

Vivian "Vince" McKeating (birth registered fourth quarter 1919 – 2011) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England, British Empire and Cumberland, and at club level for Dewsbury, Workington Town and Barrow, as a hooker.

## Background

Vince McKeating's birth was registered in Cockermouth district, Cumberland, England, and he died aged 91–92.

## Playing career
### International honours

Vince McKeating represented British Empire while at Workington in 1949 against France, and won caps for England while at Workington in 1951 against Wales, and France, and won caps for Great Britain while at Workington in 1951 against New Zealand (2 matches).

### County honours

Vince McKeating represented Cumberland. Vince McKeating played hooker in Cumberland's 5-4 victory over Australia in the 1948–49 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France match at the Recreation Ground, Whitehaven on Wednesday 13 October 1948, in front of a crowd of 8,818.

### Championship final appearances

Vince McKeating played hooker in Dewsbury's 4-13 defeat by Wigan in the Championship Final during the 1946–47 season at Maine Road, Manchester on Saturday 21 June 1947.

### Challenge Cup Final appearances

Vince McKeating played hooker in Workington Town's 18-10 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the 1952 Challenge Cup Final during the 1951–52 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 19 April 1952, in front of a crowd of 72,093, and played hooker in Barrow's 21-12 victory over Workington Town in the 1955 Challenge Cup Final during the 1954–55 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 30 April 1955, in front of a crowd of 66,513.

### County Cup Final appearances

Vince McKeating played hooker in Barrow's 12-2 victory over Oldham in the 1954 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1954–55 season at Station Road, Swinton on Saturday 23 October 1954.

### Career records

Vince McKeating holds Workington Town's "Consecutive Appearances" record, with 141-appearances from August 1948 to September 1951.

## Genealogical information

Vince McKeating was the younger brother of the rugby league footballer, Dan McKeating. Vince McKeating's marriage to Elsie (née Wilson) was registered during second ¼ 1944 in Barrow-in-Furness district.
# John Charles Vivian

John Charles Vivian (June 30, 1887 – February 10, 1964) was an American attorney, journalist, and Republican politician who served as the 30th governor of the state of Colorado from 1943 to 1947. He was the first lieutenant governor of Colorado to be elected governor.
John Charles Vivian was born in Golden, Colorado, on June 30, 1887. The Vivian family was very prominent in Republican politics, of Cornish origin. Vivian received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Colorado in 1909 and a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Denver School of Law in 1913. Vivian married Maude Charlotte Kleyn, a professor from the University of Michigan School of Music. Vivian served in the United States Marines during World War I and became the Jefferson County Attorney in 1922.
John Vivian was elected Lieutenant Governor of Colorado in 1938. In 1942, Republican Party officials decided to nominate Vivian for governor instead of incumbent Colorado Governor Ralph Lawrence Carr, who had angered many with his opposition to the internment of Japanese-American citizens. Vivian was elected governor in 1942 and was reelected in 1944. Governor Vivian was a staunch fiscal conservative in both public policy and his personal life. He was labeled "our spend nothing governor" by both opponents and supporters.
Vivian died in Golden, Colorado, on February 10, 1964, at the age of seventy-six.
# Roy Hawes

Roy Lee Hawes (July 5, 1926 – October 9, 2017) was an American baseball player who had a 14-year professional career. A first baseman, he appeared in three Major League Baseball games for the Washington Senators in 1951. The Shiloh, Illinois, native threw and batted left-handed and was listed as 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 190 pounds (86 kg).
Hawes' MLB service came at the tail end of the 1951 campaign. In his debut, at Shibe Park on September 23, he was sent to the plate in the third inning as a pinch hitter for Connie Marrero and singled off Bob Hooper of the Philadelphia Athletics. He was then erased on a double play. Washington trailed 6–0 at the time, and lost the contest, 12–4. He appeared in two more games, including one start at first base on September 30, and went hitless in his next five at bats. Hawes played over 1,700 games during his minor-league career, which included six full seasons for the Double-A Chattanooga Lookouts. He retired after the 1960 season. Hawes died at the age of 91 on October 9, 2017, in Ringgold, Georgia.
# Hanna Foltyn-Kubicka

Hanna Foltyn-Kubicka (23 May 1950 in Jelenia Góra, Poland), is a Polish politician and a Member of the European Parliament (MEP). She is a member of the Law and Justice Party, which is part of the Union for Europe of the Nations Group in the European Parliament. She was a member on the Committee on Regional Development and the delegation to the EU-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee. She is a substitute for the Committee on Culture and Education and the delegation to the EU-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee.
Foltyn-Kubicka graduated with a master's degree in German Philology in 1973 and worked as an assistant at the Institute of German Philology at the University of Silesia until 1974. From 1974 to 1992 she worked as a German language lecturer at the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk, and then became an interpreter at a Sopot shipping company until 2004.
She was made head of the private office of Lech Kaczyński, then a member of the Polish Parliament and currently the President of the Republic of Poland, from 2001 to 2002. She then managed the private office of Anna Fotyga, a Member of the European Parliament, in 2004 and 2005. She is a member of both the Law and Justice Party National Bureau and Political Council and the Pomerania Voivodship Bureau. In 1980 she was a member of Solidarność, an independent self-governing trade union.
Foltyn-Kubicka previously held office as a Regional Councillor for the Voivodship of Pomerania from 2002 to 2005. She was a member of the Polish Parliament from 19 October 2005 to 9 December 2005.
# 371

Year 371 (CCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Petronius (or, less frequently, year 1124 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 371 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* The fortified cities of the Danube, with Sirmium (Pannonia) at the forefront, contribute to stop an invasion of the Quadi.

#### Persia

* The neo-Persian Empire attains the zenith of its power under King Shapur II, as the Romans renew their war against Persia. Hostilities will continue for the next 5 years.

#### Asia

* Baekje forces storm the Goguryeo capital in P'yongyang (Korea).
* Sosurim becomes king of Goguryeo.

### By topic
#### Art and Science

* Roman poet Ausonius writes of a voyage on the Rhine and the Moselle, in his work 'Mosella'.

#### Religion

* Augustine of Hippo, age 17, travels to Carthage, to continue his education in rhetoric.
* Martin of Tours becomes bishop of Tours (approximate date).

## Births

* Dao Wu Di, Chinese emperor of Northern Wei (d. 409)
* Sengrui, Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar (d. 438)
* Valentinian II, Roman consul and emperor (d. 392)

## Deaths

* April 12 – Zeno of Verona, Christian bishop and martyr
* August 1 – Eusebius of Vercelli, Christian bishop (b. 283)
* Gogugwon, king of Goguryeo (Korea)
* Hilarion, Syrian anchorite and saint (b. 291)
* Lucifer Calaritanus, founder of the Luciferian sect (approximate date)