# List of conflicts in the Near East

This is a list of conflicts in the Near East arranged chronologically from the epipaleolithic until the end of the late modern period (c. 20,000 years Before Present – c. AD 1945). The Near East is generally associated with Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Caucasus.
Also listed might be any raid, strike, skirmish, siege, sacking, and/or battle (both land and naval) that occurred on the territories of a modern country occupying what may today be referred to as the "Middle East" (or the "Ancient Near East" when in reference to this region's military history during classical antiquity); however, was itself only part of an operation of a campaign in a theater of a greater, interregional war (e.g. any and/or all border, undeclared, colonial, proxy, liberation, world wars, etc.) There may also be periods of violent, civil unrest listed; such as, shootouts, spree killings, massacres, terrorist attacks, coups, assassinations, regicides, riots, rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars (as well as wars of succession and/or independence). The list might also contain episodes of human sacrifice, mass suicide, and ethnic cleansing/genocide.

## Ancient times
### Bronze Age
#### Egypt

* Early Dynastic Period of Egypt
** c. 3100 BC Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
* Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
** 1580–1550 BC Hyksos-Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt wars in Lower Egypt
* New Kingdom of Egypt
*** 1550/1549–1531 BC Conquest of Hyksos-ruled Lower Egypt by Ahmose I of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
*** c.1537 BCE Ahmose I's campaigns to Syria and Nubia.
*** 16 April 1457 BCE Battle of Megiddo – a battle between Ancient Egyptian forces under the pharaoh Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition.
*** Battle of Kadesh, fought in May 1247 BCE between Ramses II and the Hittite Empire.

#### Mesopotamia

* Early Dynastic Period of Mesopotamia
** c. 2500 BC Enmebaragesi of Kish subdued Elam
** c. 2500 BC Aga of Kish, the son of Enmebaragesi of Kish, besieged Uruk
** c. 2500 BC Enmerkar of Uruk's year-long siege of Aratta
** c. 2500 BC Dumuzid of Uruk captured Enmebaragesi of Kish single-handed
** c. 2500 BC Enshakushanna of Uruk conquered Hamazi, Akkad, Kish, and Nippur, claiming hegemony over all of Sumer. Enshakushanna was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but the hegemony seems to have passed to Eannatum of Lagash for a time
** c. 2500 BC Eannatum of Lagash conquered all of Sumer, including Ur, Nippur, Akshak, Larsa, and Uruk (controlled by Enshakushanna)
** c. 2500 BC En-anna-tum I of Lagash succeeded his brother Eannatum and defended Lagash against Ur-Lumma of Umma
** c. 2500 BC Entemena of Lagash succeeded his father En-anna-tum I and re-established Lagash as a power in Sumer. He defeated Illi of Umma, with the aid of Lugal-kinishe-dudu of Uruk (the successor to Enshakushanna)
** c. 2500 BC Lugal-Anne-Mundu of Adab subjected the "Four-Quarters" of the world – i.e., the entire Fertile Crescent region, from the Mediterranean to the Zagros Mountains
** c. 2355 BC – 2334 BC (middle chronology) Lugal-zage-si of Umma conquered several of the Sumerian city-states – including Kish, where he overthrew Ur-Zababa; Lagash, where he overthrew Urukagina; Ur, Nippur, and Larsa; as well as Uruk
* Akkadian Period
** c. 2334 – 2270 BC Sargon of Akkad established a vast empire which is thought to have included large parts of Mesopotamia, and included parts of modern-day Iran, Asia Minor and Syria
*** Conquest of Elam
*** c. 2271 BC Battle of Uruk
*** Syria and Canaan campaigns
*** Akkadian conquest of Ebla
*** Magan revolt
*** Lullubi campaign of Naram-sin
* Gutian period
** c. 2193 – c. 2123 BC Gutian attacks on the Akkadian Empire
** c. 2123 BC – 2112 BC After defeating the Gutian ruler Tirigan in Sumer with the aid of other cities, Utu-hengal of Uruk established himself as the king of Sumer
* Ur III period
** c. 2112 BC – 2094 BC (Short chronology) Ur-Nammu of Ur conquered Lagash
** c. 2004 BC (Short chronology) Elamite Sack of Ur
* Isin-Larsa period
** c. 1830 BC – 1817 BC (Short chronology) The Amorite chieftain Sumu-abum won independence from the city-state Kazallu
** c. 1752 BC – 1730 BC (Short chronology) Damiq-ilishu of Isin, the last king mentioned in the Sumerian King List, is defeated by Sin-Muballit of Babylon
* Old Babylonian period
** c. 1792 BC – 1750 BC (Short chronology) Hammurabi of Babylon extended Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms
* Kassite dynasty
** c. 1595 BC Fall of Babylon
** c. 1507 BC (Short chronology) Kassite attacks on Babylon

#### Levant

* c. 2492 BC Battle between Haik and Nimrod
* c. 2300 BC Mari-Ebla's Hundred Years War
** c. 2300 BC Battle of Terqa
* c. 2000 BC Battle of Siddim
* c. 1900 BC Qatna-Yamhad conflict
* c. 1770 BC Yamhad kingdom conquests
* c. 1650 BC - 1600 BC Hittite-Syrian Wars
* Israelite Campaigns
** Early Israelite campaigns
*** 1400 BC Battle of Ai (legendary)
*** Battle of Hazor (legendary)
*** Battle of Jericho (legendary)
*** Lachish
*** Battle of the Waters of Merom (legendary)
* c. 14th century BC "Syrian Wars"
* c. 1247 BC Battle of Kadesh
* c. 1012 BC-965 BC Davids wars of Conquest

#### Anatolia

* c. 1650 BC – 1600 BC Conquests of Hattusili I and Mursili I
* c. 1430 BC – 1350 BC Kaska invasions of Hatti

### Early Iron Age

Note: This section is covering Iron Age I and II, Iron Age III is related as Classic Period
* Ancient Egypt conflicts
** 1279 BC – 1213 BC Ramesses II campaigns in the Near East
*** First Syrian campaign
*** Second Syrian campaign
**** 1274 BC Battle of Kadesh
*** Third Syrian campaign
** Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
*** 925 BC Sack of Jerusalem
*** 727 BC Kushite Invasion to Egypt
*** 609 BC Battle of Megiddo – a battle between the Kingdom of Egypt and the Kingdom of Judah
* Ancient Anatolia conflicts
** 1260 BC – 1240 BC Trojan War
* Ancient Mesopotamia conflicts
** Kassite period
*** c. 1232 BC – 1225 BC (Short chronology) Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria defeated Kashtiliash IV, the Kassite king of Babylon and captured the city of Babylon to ensure full Assyrian supremacy over Mesopotamia
*** c. 1157 BC – 1155 BC (Short chronology) Enlil-nadin-ahi, the final king of the Kassite dynasty that had ruled over Babylon, was defeated by Kutir-Nahhunte of Elam, the successor of Shutruk-Nakhunte
** Fourth Babylonian Dynasty
*** c. 1125 BC – 1104 BC (Short chronology) Nebuchadnezzar I of Isin's War with Elam
* Israelite Campaigns
** Later Israelite Campaigns
*** 1000 BC Siege of Jebus
* Assyrian campaigns
** 853 BC Battle of Qarqar
** 721 BC Assyrian conquest of Israel
** Second Assyrian invasion to Southern Levant
*** 701 BC Siege of Lachish
*** 701 BC Assyrian Siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib
** 693 BC Battle of Diyala River (Pyrrhic Assyrian victory)
** 693 BC Siege of Babylon
** 626 BC Revolt of Babylon (Decisive Babylonian victory; eviction of Assyrian troops)
* Neo-Babylonian campaigns
** 612 BC Battle of Nineveh
** 605 BC Battle of Carchemish – a battle between the Kingdom of Egypt and Assyrian allies against the Neo-Babylonian Empire
** Jewish–Babylonian war
*** 597 BC Siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II
*** 587 BC Siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II
* Median campaigns
** 28 May 585 BC Battle of Halys
* Achaemenid conquests of Cyrus the Great
** 552 BC Persian Revolt
** 552 BC Battle of Hyrba
** 551 BC Battle of the Persian Border
** 550 BC Battle of Pasargadae
** 547 BC Battle of Pteria
** 547 BC Battle of Thymbra
** 547 BC Siege of Sardis
** 539 BC Battle of Opis

### Classical antiquity
#### Greco-Persian domination

* Ionian Revolt 499–493 BC
* First Persian invasion of Greece 492–490 BC
* Egyptian Revolt 486 BC
* Second Persian invasion of Greece 480–478 BC
* Wars of Delian League 477–449 BC
* Wars of Alexander the Great
* Wars of the Diadochi 322–275 BC
* Syrian Wars 274–168 BC
** First Syrian War (274–271 BC)
** Second Syrian War (260–253 BC)
** Third Syrian War (246–241 BC)
** Fourth Syrian War (219–217 BC)
** Fifth Syrian War (202–195 BC)
** Sixth Syrian War (170–168 BC)
* Seleucid–Parthian wars 238–129 BC
* Roman–Syrian War 192–188 BC
* Maccabean Revolt 167–160 BC

#### Roman, Parthian and Sassanid domination

* Mithridatic Wars 88–63 BC
** First Mithridatic War 88–84 BC
** Second Mithridatic War 83–81 BC
** Third Mithridatic War 75–63 BC
*** Hasmonean Civil War
**** Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)
* Roman–Parthian Wars
** Crassus invasion to Mesopotamia 53 BCE
*** Battle of Carrhae
** Antony's Parthian War
*** Battle of Mount Gindarus
*** Siege of Jerusalem 37 BC
*** Antropatene campaign
*** Armenian campaign
** Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 AD
** Battle of Nisibis (217)
* Aelius Gallus campaign in Arabia 24 BC
* Alexandria pogroms 38 AD
* Jewish–Roman wars 66–136 AD
** Great Revolt of Judea 67–70 AD
** Kitos War 117–119 AD
** Bar Kokhba Revolt 132–136 AD
* Roman-Sassanid Wars
** Battle of Antioch (218)
** Ardashir's raid of Mesopotamia 230–232 AD
** Ardashir's second raid of Mesopotamia 237–240 AD
** Battle of Resaena 243 AD
** Battle of Misiche 244 AD
** Battle of Barbalissos
** Battle of Edessa 259
** Siege of Singara 344
** Siege of Amida 359
** Battle of Ctesiphon (363)
** Battle of Samarra 363 AD
* Uprising of Syrian Legion 232 AD
* Palmyrene revolt 272
** Battle of Immae
** Battle of Emesa
* Battle of Callinicum 296
* Jewish revolt against Gallus 351–352
* Isauria rebellion of 404
* Byzantine–Sasanian wars 421–628
** Roman–Sasanian War (421–422)
** Anastasian War (502–506)
** Iberian War (526–532)
*** Battle of Callinicum 531
** Roman–Persian War of 572–591
** Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
*** Antioch riots 610
*** Battle of Antioch (613)
*** Jewish revolt against Heraclius 610-28
**** Siege of Jerusalem (614)
*** Shahin's invasion of Asia Minor (615)
*** Sassanid conquest of Egypt 618–621
*** Battle of Issus
*** Byzantine assault on Persia 624-25
*** Siege of Constantinople (626)
*** Third Perso-Turkic War
*** Battle of Nineveh (627)
* Samaritan Revolts 484–573
** Samaritan revolt against Zeno 484
** Revolt against Anastasius I
** Third Samaritan revolt 529–531
** Fourth Samaritan Revolt 555–572
* Mazdak revolt in Persia 524 (or 528)
* Nika riots in Constantinople 532
* Battle of Dhi Qar – tribal rebellion in Sasanian Persia

## Medieval times

* Muslim conquests
** Ridda wars 632–633
** Muslim conquest of the Levant
*** Battle of Yarmouk 636
** Arab conquest of Armenia
** Muslim conquest of Egypt
** Umayyad conquest of North Africa
** Muslim conquest of Persia
*** First invasion of Mesopotamia
*** Second invasion of Mesopotamia
**** Battle of al-Qādisiyyah
*** Battle of Nahāvand
*** Persian Rebellion 649-51
** Arab- Turgesh wars
*** Day of Thirst in 724
*** Battle of the Defile in 731
** Arab–Khazar wars
* Abbasid Caliphate conflicts
** Abbasid revolt
*** Battle of the Zab 750
** Arab–Byzantine wars 780–1180
*** Battle of Krasos 804/5
*** Battle of Anzen 838
*** Sack of Amorium 838
*** Sack of Damietta (853)
*** Battle of Lalakaon 863
*** John Kourkouas' campaigns
**** First Melitene campaign and conquest of Kalikala 926–930
**** Second Malitene campaign 931–934
*** Sayf al-Dawla campaigns
**** Conquest of Aleppo 944
**** Battle of Marash (953)
**** Battle of Raban 958
**** Battle of Andrasos 960
**** Siege of Aleppo 962
**** Siege of Aleppo 964
** Mudhar-Yamani conflict 793-96
* Byzantine-Paulician Wars
** Battle of Bathys Ryax 872 (878?)
* Persian Zoroastrian Revolts 8th–9th centuries
** Behavarid revolt in Persia 8th century
** Babak's revolt 816-37
*** Ahmad ibn al Junayd's campaign 823-24
*** Muhammad ibn Humayd Tusi's campaign 827-29
*** Afshin's campaign 835-837/838
** Maziar revolt 839
* Byzantine–Seljuq wars 1048–1308
** Battle of Manzikert 1071
* Nizari Ismaili uprising in Persia and Syria
** Nizari–Seljuk conflicts 1090–1194
* Crusades
** People's Crusade 1095–96
** First Crusade 1099
*** Battle of Ascalon 1099
*** Crusade of 1101
*** Battle of Ager Sanguinis 1119
*** Battle of Azaz 1125
** Second Crusade 1145–49
*** Battle of Inab 1149
** Baldwin's campaigns
*** Siege of Ascalon (1153)
*** Crusader invasions of Egypt 1154–69
**** Battle of al-Babein
** Third Crusade 1189–92
*** Siege of Acre (1189–91)
** Livonian Crusade
** German Crusade
** Fourth Crusade
** Children's Crusade
** Fifth Crusade
** Sixth Crusade
** Seventh Crusade
** Shepherds' Crusade (1251)
** Eighth Crusade
** Ninth Crusade
** Shepherds' Crusade (1320)
* Saladin's campaigns
** Egyptian revolt 1169
** Darum Siege 1170
** Yemen conquest 1174
** Battle of Hama 1175
** Capture of Damascus 1174
** Battle of Jacob's Ford 1179
** Fight for Mosul 1182
** Battle of Al-Fule (1183)
** Siege of Kerak 1183
** Battle of Cresson 1187
** Battle of Hattin 1187
** Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
* Mongol invasions to Middle East 13th century.
** Battle of Köse Dağ 1243
** Siege of Baghdad (1258)
** Hulagu Khan's conquest of Syria 1260
*** Sack of Sidon 1260
*** Siege of Aleppo (1260)
*** Battle of Ain Jalut 1260
*** First Battle of Homs 1260
** Battle of Elbistan 1277
** Second Battle of Homs 1281
** Mongol raids into Bilad al-Sham 1299–1300
*** Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar 1299
* Timur Conquests
** Battle of Ankara (Battle of Angora) 1402
* Ottoman Interregnum 1402–1413
* Sheikh Bedreddin revolt 1416
* Byzantine–Ottoman Wars 1265–1453
** Rise of the Ottomans 1265–1328
** Byzantium counter: 1328–1341
*** Siege of Nicaea (1328–31)
*** Siege of Nicomedia 1333–1337
** Balkan invasion and civil war: 1341–1371
** Byzantine civil war and vassalage: 1371–1394
** Resumption of hostilities: 1394–1424
** Ottoman campaign on Constantinopolis 1424–1453

## Modern times
### Early modern period
#### Early Ottoman expansion

Ottoman era period conflicts 1453–1516
* Yazidi uprising against Safavids 1506–1510
* Şahkulu Rebellion 1511

#### Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire

* Ottoman–Persian Wars 16th–19th centuries
** Battle of Chaldiran 1514
** Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–55)
** Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–90)
** Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18)
*** Battle of DimDim 1609–10
** Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)
*** Abaza rebellion
** Ottoman–Persian War (1730–35)
** Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746)
** Ottoman–Persian War (1775–1776)
** Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823)
* Jelali revolts 1519–1659
* Conflicts between the Ottomans and the Druze of Mount Lebanon
** 1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze
** Battle of Majdel Anjar 1622
** 1633 conflict
** 1642 conflict
** 1660 conflict
** 1683–1699 conflict
** Battle of Ain Dara 1711
* Cretan War (1645–69)
** Atmeydanı Incident
** Çınar Incident 1656

### Late modern period
#### Conflicts involving the Ottoman empire

* Edirne revolt 1703
* 1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain
* Patrona Halil uprising 1730
* Zahir al-Umar Revolt (Galilee) 1742–1743
* Ali Bey Al-Kabir Revolt (Egypt) 1769–1772
* Bajalan uprising 1775
* French campaign in Egypt and Syria 1798–1801
** Cairo revolt 1798
** Battle of the Nile
** Siege of Jaffa
** Battle of Mount Tabor (1799)
** Siege of Acre (1799)
* Baban uprising 1806–1808
* Ottoman coups of 1807–08
** Kabakçı Mustafa revolt
* Muhammad Ali's campaigns
** Muhammad Ali's seizure of power 1803–07
** Fraser campaign (1807)
** Ottoman–Saudi War 1811–18
** Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–33)
** Syrian Peasant revolts
*** Palestine and Transjordan revolt 1834
*** Alawite revolt (1834–35)
** 1838 Druze revolt
** Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41)
* Russo-Persian War (1826–28)
* Cizre uprising 1829
* Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt 1829–30
* Prince Mohammad of Soran uprising 1833
* Yezidi uprising 1837
* Sîncar uprising 1837

#### Ottoman Tanzimat period

* First Botan uprising 1843
* Bedr Khan Bey uprising 1843
* Culemerg uprising 1843
* Bedirhan Bey uprising 1847
* Massacre of Aleppo (1850)
* Yezdan Sher uprising 1855
* 1860 Druze–Maronite conflict
** French expedition in Syria 1860–61
* Qatari–Bahraini War 1867–68
* Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)
* Urabi Revolt (Egypt) 1879–82
* Shaykh 'Ubaydullah of Nehri and Shemdinan uprising 1880–1881
* Royal Civil War in Arabia 1887–91
** Battle of Mulayda 1891
* 1892 Tobacco Rebellion (Iran)
* Hamidian massacres 1894–96
** Zeitun Rebellion (1895–96)
* Unification of Saudi Arabia
** Saudi–Rashidi War 1903–06
* Persian Constitutional Revolution 1908–09
* Young Turk Revolution 1908–09
** 31 March Incident 1909
* Adana massacre 1909
* Hauran Druze Rebellion 1909
* Zaraniq rebellion 1909–1910 (c. 830+ fatalities)
* 1913 Ottoman coup d'état
* Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 1914–1918
** Sinai and Palestine Campaign
** Mesopotamian campaign
** Caucasus Campaign
** Persian Campaign
** Gallipoli Campaign
** Arab Revolt
** Armenian genocide
** Assyrian genocide
** 1st Dersim rebellion