OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fail-deadly

Fail-deadly is a concept in nuclear military strategy that encourages deterrence by guaranteeing an immediate, automatic, and overwhelming response to an attack, even if there is no one to trigger such retaliation. The term fail-deadly was coined as a contrast to fail-safe.

## Military usage

Fail-deadly operation is an example of second-strike strategy, in that aggressors are discouraged from attempting a first strike attack. Under fail-deadly nuclear deterrence, policies and procedures controlling the retaliatory strike authorize launch even if the existing command and control structure has already been neutralized by a first strike. The deterrent efficacy of such a system clearly depends on other nuclear-armed nations having foreknowledge of it. The Soviet Union used a fail-deadly system known as Dead Hand (codenamed "Perimeter"); after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia retained the system (although it is now only activated in times of crisis).
Fail-deadly can refer to specific technology components, or the controls system as a whole. The United Kingdom's fail-deadly policies delegate strike authority to submarine commanders in the event of a loss of command (using letters of last resort), ensuring that even when uncoordinated, nuclear retaliation can be carried out.
An example of the implementation of such a strategy could be: US Navy ballistic missile submarines are ordered to surface at periodic intervals to receive communications indicating that no change has occurred in the defense condition. Should the submarines be unable to receive the proper command and control signals indicating normal, peacetime conditions, their orders would be to launch their nuclear missiles under the assumption that command and control structures had been destroyed in a nuclear attack and that retaliation was therefore necessary. All available means of verification and all due caution would naturally be applied. This approach is obviously exceptionally dangerous for a variety of reasons, as any benign communications disruption due to technical failure could conceivably incite an unnecessary nuclear war. The strategy's intended value lies in deterrence against attack on command, control, communications, and computer (see C4I) networks by any potential adversary.
# Aleksandrów, Gmina Żychlin

Aleksandrów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żychlin, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Aleksandrów, Rawa County

Aleksandrów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Rawska, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Biała Rawska, 19 km (12 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 73 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Annopole Nowe

Annopole Nowe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zduńska Wola, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Zduńska Wola and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Antonina, Pajęczno County

Antonina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelce Wielkie, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
# Anusin, Łęczyca County

Anusin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witonia, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-east of Witonia, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Łęczyca, and 43 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Astachowice

Astachowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Zgierz and 21 km (13 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.
# Thilan Nimesh

Thilan Nimesh (born 29 November 1997) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his List A debut for Galle District in the 2016–17 Districts One Day Tournament on 26 March 2017. Prior to his List A debut, he was part of Sri Lanka's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
# Beleń

Beleń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zapolice, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Zapolice, 9 km (6 mi) south-west of Zduńska Wola, and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Beresie Małe

Beresie Małe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiełczygłów, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Kiełczygłów, 12 km (7 mi) north of Pajęczno, and 70 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Pyotr Vlasov

Pyotr Mikhailovich Vlasov was a Russian ambassador to Persia, serving from 1902 to 1903.
| Preceded byKimon Manuilovich Argyropoulo | Russian Ambassador to Persia 1902 – 1903 | Succeeded byAlexei Nikolaevich Speyer |
* This Russian diplomat–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Bełdów

Bełdów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Aleksandrów Łódzki, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Aleksandrów Łódzki, 16 km (10 mi) west of Zgierz, and 20 km (12 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Biała Góra, Poddębice County

Biała Góra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wartkowice, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Wartkowice, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Poddębice, and 36 km (22 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Kayakalpa

Kayakalpa is a form of traditional rejuvenation practice originating in South India.
It includes specific dietary, exercise and breathing regimens. It aims to slow down and reverse physical degeneration at cellular level and improve the vitality of organ systems. It originates from Sanskrit with “Kaya” meaning body and “Kalpa” for transformation.
# List of governors of Erbil

This is a list of the governors of Erbil.

## Governors between years 1923–1958

| Person | Time as governor |
| Ahmed Osman | 1923–1927 |
| Abdulmajid Alyequbi | 1927–1930 |
| Abdulhamid Serser | 1930–1932 |
| Jalal Baban | 1932-1932 |
| Mehmud Fakhri | 1932–1935 |
| Ahmed Tawfiq | 1935–1939 |
| Salih Zeki | 1939–1941 |
| Mustafa Alyequbi | 1941–1943 |
| Mustafa Qaredaxi | 1943–1944 |
| Wafiq Hebib | 1944-1944 |
| Saed Qazaz | 1944–1947 |
| Jamal Omar Nazemi | 1947-1947 |
| Hassan Talebani | 1948-1948 |
| Mustafa Qaredaxi | 1948–1950 |
| Najemedin Saeb | 1950–1952 |
| Rashid Najeb | 1952–1953 |
| Ismael Heqi | 1953–1956 |
| Abdulhelim Elsenewi | 1956-1956 |
| Khalid Alneqshbendi | 1956–1958 |

## Governors between years 1958-present

| Person | Time as governor |
| Alaeddin Mahmmud | 1958–1962 |
| Badreddin Ali | 1962–1964 |
| Younis Hussain | 1964-1964 |
| Abed Almunem Almassraf | 1964–1968 |
| Muhamed Amin Faraj | 1968–1970 |
| Khalid Abdulhelim | 1970-1970 |
| Abdulwahab Atroshi | 1970–1974 |
| Serwan Jaff | 1974-1974 |
| Jalal Khoshnaw | 1974–1975 |
| Muhammed Ali Amin | 1975–1977 |
| Ismael Rasul Ahmed | 1977–1978 |
| Baheaddin Ahmed | 1978–1980 |
| Yahya Jaff | 1980–1984 |
| Ibrahim Zangena | 1985–1988 |
| Yahya Jaff | 1988–1990 |
| Munzir Mizefer Alneqshbendi | 1991-1991 |
| Abdulmiheimin Barzani | 1992–1994 |
| Khurshid Sherpa | 1994–1996 |
| Franso Hariri | 1996–2000 |
| Akram Mantik | 2000–2004 |
| Nawzad Hadi | 2004–2019 |
| Firsat Sofi | 2019–2020 |
| Omed Khoshnaw | 2021-Present |
# Andre Peters

Andre Peters (born 29 April 1965) is a South African cricketer. He played in 51 first-class matches for Eastern Province between 1982/83 and 1998/99. After his cricketing career, he moved to Australia.
# Edward Roberts (South African cricketer)

Edward Roberts (born 1 July 1903, date of death unknown) was a South African cricketer who appeared in nine first-class matches for Orange Free State in the 1920s.
# Harold Bowley

Harold Bowley (15 March 1909 – 1978) was a South African cricketer. He played in fourteen first-class matches for Border from 1929/30 to 1939/40.
# Arthur Peters (South African cricketer)

Arthur Peters (4 June 1904 – 22 September 1988) was a South African cricketer. He played in seven first-class matches from 1931/32 and 1936/37.
# Michael Doman

Michael Doman (25 January 1961 – 29 July 2018) was a South African cricketer. He played fourteen first-class cricket matches for Transvaal and Western Province between 1977 and 1983.
# James Phillips (South African cricketer)

James Phillips (born 9 March 1963) is a South African former cricketer. He played in one first-class and one List A match for Border in 1987/88.
# Kevin Deutschmann

Kevin Deutschmann (born 14 May 1944) is a South African former cricketer. He played in six first-class and two List A matches for Border in 1972/73 and 1973/74.
# Ewie Cronje

Nicolaas Everhardus "Ewie" Cronjé (23 July 1939 – 11 May 2020) was a South African cricketer who played in 27 first-class matches between 1960 and 1972. He was the father of Hansie Cronje and Frans Cronje. He was also the president of the Free State Cricket Union from 1983 to 1990, and in 2012 he was honoured with the Khaya Majola Lifetime Award, for his services to cricket.
# Kir Royale

The Kir Royale is a French cocktail, a variation on the Kir. It consists of crème de cassis topped with champagne, rather than the white wine used in traditional Kir. This apéritif is typically served in a flute glass.
# Jørgen Kaas

Jørgen Kaas (1618 – 30 January 1658 in Fyn) was a Danish colonel, lord of the fiefdom Lister in Norway, and owner of the Hastrup and Østergaard estates in Denmark. A member of the younger Kaas family (informally known as Mur-Kaas), one of Denmark's preeminent families of ancient high nobility, he is notable as a war hero during the March across the Belts when he led the defense of Fyn against the Swedes and fell in battle. King Charles X Gustav of Sweden accompanied his body on foot in honour of his bravery. He was given the fief of Lister by King Christian IV on 30 December 1648, after he had sold his estate Østergaard to the King's son Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve. He never resided in Norway, and the fief was administered by the fiefholder of Nedenes.
He was the son of judge Hans Kaas and Birgitte Norby, and was married to Karen Jørgensdatter Grubbe (born 1616 at Halsted Priory, died 1695 at Lerbæk), who was a granddaughter of Chancellor of Denmark Eiler Grubbe and a sister of Regitze Grubbe. He was thus a brother-in-law of the King's son Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve. Jørgen Kaas and Karen Grubbe were the parents of Governor of Christiania and Trondheim Hans Kaas (1640–1700) and Governor Jørgen Grubbe Kaas of Rydbjerggård (1643–1711), grandparents of Governor of Bergen and Admiral Ulrik Kaas (1677–1746) and General Henrik Bielke Kaas (1686–1773), and great-grandparents of the admirals Frederik Christian Kaas (1727–1804) and Ulrik Christian Kaas (1729–1808). Hans Kaas was the father of the poet Birgitte Christine Kaas (1682–1761), married to Henrik Jørgen Huitfeldt of Elingård. Their descendants include Henrik Jørgen Huitfeldt-Kaas. Jørgen Kaas is the progenitor of the Danish branch of the Kaas family. He also has descendants in Norway, in particular in the families Huitfeldt, Nissen and Paus.
Jørgen Kaas and Karen Grubbe were also great-great-great-grandparents of Countess Louise Sophie of Danneskiold-Samsøe (1796–1867), married to Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, a member of the royal House of Oldenburg. Their descendants include Augusta Victoria, German Empress, King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden, King Constantine II of Greece, Queen Sofía of Spain, the current head of the House of Glücksburg Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein, the current head of the House of Hanover Prince Ernst August of Hanover and the current head of the House of Hohenzollern Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia.
# Monash University Malaysia

Monash University Malaysia, established in 1998, is a significant branch of one of Australia's largest universities, Monash University. It is the first foreign university campus in Malaysia and the third largest campus of its parent institution.
The main campus is located in Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. The university also has a clinical school in Johor Bahru.

## History
### Conception and development

In the early 1990s, Monash University established a partnership with Sunway University. Under this arrangement, Malaysian students would enrol and spend their first year in Malaysia, before transferring to one of Monash's Australian campuses to complete their degree. Demand increased for these places rapidly and the potential to expand the program was clear. Monash itself had ambitions to develop a comprehensive international campus from the beginning of Mal Logan's term as Vice-Chancellor. However, this proposal was complicated for the Malaysian Government, which was hesitant to allow a foreign university to establish itself in Malaysia. Nonetheless, as the strength of Monash in Malaysia grew, the case for a Monash campus became increasingly persuasive.

### Foundation

In early 1996, it was reported that the Australian Prime Minister had been involved in the signing of a memorandum of understanding to establish the campus. On 23 February 1998, the Malaysian Government formally invited Monash to develop a comprehensive campus, making it the first foreign university in Malaysia. In July of that year, Monash University's newly founded Malaysia campus opened its doors to its first intake of 261 students. Since then, the campus has expanded rapidly. It developed postgraduate courses within a few years, and began to expand its research capacity.

### 2000s onwards

By 2024, it had more than 9,700 students, and had established a new, purpose-built campus.
# Bojan Kaljević

Bojan Kaljević (born 25 January 1986) is a Montenegrin footballer who plays as a striker for Tarxien Rainbows.

## Early life

Kaljević was born 25 January 1986. He has four siblings. He started playing football at the age of nine.

## Career

He played for Uzbekistani side Bunyodkor, helping the club win the league. After that, he played in Malta, where he was described as "the top scorer in the league, the best player, one of the best foreigners of all time, and now he can say that he achieved almost everything in Malta".
# Boaz Sharon

Boaz Sharon (born October 27, 1949) is a pianist, recording artist and professor of piano at Boston University as well as Director of Piano Studies at Boston University Tanglewood Institute. He is a frequent performer in the U.S., China, Russia, Czech Republic and other countries.

## Education

He was born in Tel Aviv, Israel and studied there with Emma Gorochov, and from the age of 13–19 with Stefan Askenase in Brussels, Belgium. He later pursued his piano studies in the US with William Doppmann and with Leonard Shure.

## Professional career

Before his present position as Chairman of the Piano Department and Professor at Boston University he was Pianist-in-Residence at Duke University and the University of Tulsa, and Professor of Piano at the University of Florida. He is a frequent judge at competitions including the Rudolf Firkusny International Piano Competition, Prague, the Liszt International Piano Competition-"Dedication to Franz Liszt", Moscow and the Jaen International Piano Competition in Spain. Having directed the Prague International Piano Masterclasses for the last 13 years he is also on the artist faculty of the Ruza International Piano Festival in Russia, and was on the faculty of the International Certificate for Piano Artists (sponsored by the Ecole Normale de Musique Alfred Cortot, Paris, the University of Florida and the Bell'Arte Foundation).

## Awards and honors

He is first-prize winner and gold medalist at the Jaen International Piano Competition, Spain, and has received the Jubilee Medal from Charles University, Prague, on the 600th anniversary of that university's foundation, given for "significant contributions" to Charles University.
Sharon is Honorary Fellow at Charles University, Prague. In 2009 he was appointed Visiting Professor at the China Conservatory in Beijing.

## Selected Recordings

* Claude Debussy: La boite a Jouxjoux and others, Arcobaleno Records, Brussels, CD AAOC-94502
* Charles Koechlin: Danses pour Ginger Rogers, Arcobaleno Records, Brussels, CD AADC-94382
* The Unknown Debussy, Unicorn-Kanchana Records, London, CD DKP (CD) 9103
* Koechlin Piano Works, Orion/Naxos Records, US, CD 7804-2
* Darius Milhaud: Les charmes de la vie, Unicorn-Kanchana Records, London, CD DKP (CD) 9155
* Songs of Andre Caplet (with Claudette LeBlanc, soprano), Unicorn-Kanchana Records, London, CD DKP (CD)9142
* Le Cortege d'Amphitrite: Songs by Charles Koechlin, Hyperion Records, London, CDA66243
* Piano Works by Charles Koechlin, Nonesuch/Elektra.Asylum Records, N.Y. (LP)
# Alpha Sculptoris

Alpha Sculptoris, Latinized from α Sculptoris, is the Bayer designation for a blue-white star in the southern constellation of Sculptor. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +4.30, which makes it the brightest star in this generally faint constellation. Parallax measurements collected during the Hipparcos mission provide a distance estimate for this star, placing it at roughly 780 light-years (240 parsecs), with a 4% margin of error.
Alpha Sculptoris is a B-type giant star. It is classified as an SX Arietis type variable star and its magnitude varies by less than a tenth of a magnitude.
The luminosity of α Scl is around 1,500 times that of the Sun while its surface temperature is 13,600 K. The radius of Alpha Sculptoris is calculated to be seven times solar while its mass is five times that of the Sun.
# Ayrton Sweeney

Ayrton Sweeney (born 11 May 1993) is a South African pool swimmer and artistic swimmer. He competed in the men's 200 metre individual medley event at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships. In 2019, he represented South Africa at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco.
At the 2022 World Aquatics Championships, he and his partner Laura Strugnell compete at FINA World Aquatics Championships, placing 13th in the preliminary round of the mixed duet free routine.
# Rex Smith (baseball)

Rex Smith (born Henry W. Schmidt) (1864–1895), is a former professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues for the 1886 Philadelphia Athletics and Cincinnati Red Stockings of the American Association.
That first appearance was the result of Cincinnati ace Tony Mullane refusing to pitch the game, according to the next day's Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, which does not give Mullane's reason for refusing to play. In that snippet, he is only identified as Smith and is said to be from Jersey City, New Jersey. The Brooklyn Eagle from the same date – Cincinnati was facing the Brooklyn Grays – says that Mr. Smith was from Louisville, Kentucky. The reconciliation between these two apparently contradictory facts can be found in the May 19 issue of Sporting Life, which says Jersey City has a new pitcher called Rex Smith who hails from Louisville. That makes him the same man who pitched a game for Philadelphia later in the season.
# Alexei Krutov

Alexei Vladimirovich Krutov (Russian: Алексей Владимирович Крутов; born February 1, 1984) is a Russian former professional ice hockey winger. He most recently played for HC Red Ice Martigny in the Swiss National League B during the 2016-17 NLB season. He is the son of Vladimir Krutov (1960–2012), who represented the Soviet Union in the 1980s.

## Career

While playing for ZSC Lions, Krutov won the 2008–09 Champions Hockey League and the 2008 National League A. He later returned to Switzerland to join Genève-Servette HC to end the 2013–14 season.
On July 11, 2014, Krutov signalled his return to his native Russia in accepting a try-out with expansion club, HC Sochi. On August 28, 2014, he was successful in signing a one-year contract for Sochi's inaugural season in 2014–15.
# Azhar Ali (Omani cricketer)

Syed Azhar Ali (Urdu: سید اظہر علی, born 2 February 1968) is a Pakistani-born former cricketer who played for the Oman national cricket team. He bowled right-arm off break. He captained Oman in the 2005 ICC Trophy.
# Robert Bairamian

Robert Bairamian (18 March 1935 – 7 September 2018) was an English first-class cricketer and educator.
Bairamian was born at Nicosia in British Cyprus to Sir Vahe Bairamian, a Chief Justice of Sierra Leone, and his wife Eileen Elsie Connelly, a headmistress of The English School, Nicosia. After spending ten years living in Cyprus, he was sent to England where he attended Dover College, before going up to St Catharine's College, Cambridge, where he read classics. While studying at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University against Middlesex and the Free Foresters in 1957, scoring 45 runs and taking a single wicket with his off break bowling. In addition to playing cricket while at Cambridge, he also played hockey, for which he gained a blue.
After graduating from Cambridge, he became the assistant headmaster at Holmewood House School in Kent in 1957 and two years later he became its headmaster. At Holmewood he encouraged admissions from West Africa, who among those he taught in the 1950s was Nana Akufo-Addo, the future President of Ghana. He moved on to Aberdour School in Surrey in 1975, where he taught Jeremy Vine, and shortly thereafter to North Bridge House School by Regent's Park, where he was a classics master. From there he taught at Claremont School in St Leonards-on-Sea, before ending his teaching career in 2001 at St Christopher's School, Hove. Bairamian was married four times and had two sons, both of whom survived him. He died at Hove in September 2018.
# 1933 Kerry Senior Football Championship

The 1933 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 35th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.
Rock Street entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a fourth consecutive title.
The final was played on 5 November 1933 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between Strand Street and Rock Street, in what was their third meeting in the final and a first in three years. Strand Street won the match by 5–05 to 0–05 to claim their first ever championship title.

## Championship statistics
### Miscellaneous

* Strand Street win the title for the first time.
* Rock Street become the first, and to date only, club to qualify for the final six years in a row.