OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicholas Brooks (historian)

Nicholas Peter Brooks, FBA (14 January 1941 – 2 February 2014) was an English medieval historian.

## Biography

Nicholas Brooks was educated at Winchester College, and graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1961 with a degree in history. His doctoral studies on the Anglo-Saxon charters in the archive of Canterbury Cathedral, also undertaken at Oxford, were supervised by Dorothy Whitelock, and provided the basis for his monograph The Early History of the Church of Canterbury, published in 1984. Brooks was lecturer and then senior lecturer in medieval history at the University of St Andrews from 1964 until 1985, when he was appointed to the chair of medieval history at the University of Birmingham; in 1989 he was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy. From 1991 to 2013 he was chairman of the British Academy's Anglo-Saxon charters project, co-editing the two volumes on the Canterbury archive, published in 2013, with Susan Kelly; he also chaired the British Academy's Stenton Fund Committee, and was a member of the Fabric Advisory Committees for the cathedrals at Canterbury and Worcester. After retiring as professor of medieval history at the University of Birmingham in 2004, Brooks was an emeritus professor, in which role he continued to supervise research students. A festschrift, Myth, Rulership, Church and Charters: Essays in Honour of Nicholas Brooks, was published in 2008. Until his death, Brooks was also a member of the Research Project Advisory Panel for the study of the 7th- or 8th-century Staffordshire Hoard, which he described as "bling for warrior companions of the king".

## Publications

As well as "several substantial papers", Brooks's published works include the following:
* Anglo-Saxon Myths: State and Church 400–1066 (Hambledon, 2000)
* Bede and the English (Jarrow, 1999)
* Charters of Christ Church Canterbury (with Susan Kelly, 2 volumes, Oxford University, 2013)
* Church, State and Access to Resources in Early Anglo-Saxon England (Brixworth, 2003)
* Communities and Warfare 700–1400 (Hambledon, 2000)
* The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066 (Leicester University, 1984)
* Latin and the Vernacular Languages in Early Medieval Britain (Leicester University, 1982)
* St Oswald of Worcester: Life and Influence (with Catherine Cubitt, Leicester University, 1996)
* St Wulfstan and his World (with Julia Barrow, Ashgate, 2005)
# Michael Snowdon

Michael Snowdon (born 3 April 1947) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Cornwall. He was born in Callington.
Snowdon made a single List A appearance for the side, during the 1975 season, against Oxfordshire. From the lower order, he scored 4 runs.
Snowdon bowled 8.3 overs during the match, taking figures of 0-30.
Snowdon's brother, Andrew, made a single List A appearance for Cornwall during the 1986 season.
# Thisway

Thisway was an American Indie pop band from Brooklyn, New York. They released their self-titled debut LP in early 1999. The band is most notable for their single "Crawl", which was used for The WB Television Network promos and television shows most notably being used for The WB’s Night of Favorites and Farewells event.

## History

Thisway was formed by singer Brandon Wilde and guitarist Chris Foley in 1997. Drummer Andy LaDue joined the band in time to record the group's first demo. Bassist Len Monachello soon joined thereafter to complete the band's line-up. After generating a buzz on the New York Club scene, Thisway signed to Reprise Records, issuing their self-titled debut LP in May 1999.
After experiencing commercial success due to the WB affiliation, Thisway was dropped from the Reprise label soon after the September 11th attacks. The band stuck it out and carried on independently before officially calling it quits in 2003. During the height of their popularity, Thisway toured with such musical acts as the Barenaked Ladies, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Train and Lit.

## Members

* Brandon Wilde – Vocals
* Chris Foley – Guitars
* Len Monachello – Bass
* Andy LaDue – Drums

## Discography

Albums
* Thisway (1999)
Singles
* "Crawl" (1999)
# Amya, Hama

Amya (Arabic: العمية) is a Syrian village located in Al-Saan Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Amya had a population of 366 in the 2004 census.
# AD 96

AD 96 (XCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valens and Vetus (or, less frequently, year 849 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 96 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Empire

* September 18 – Emperor Domitian is stabbed to death by a freedman at the age 44 after a 15-year reign, in a palace conspiracy involving officers of the Praetorian Guard. The Flavian Dynasty ends.
* Nerva is declared emperor by the Roman Senate as the new ruler of the Roman Empire. He recalls citizens exiled by Domitian; this is the beginning of the Era of the Five Good Emperors. The Antonines Dynasty starts.
* Marcus Ulpius Traianus becomes governor of Upper Germany.
* The Arch of Titus is completed in Rome.

### By topic
#### Art and Science

* End of the period covered by Tacitus in his Histories.

#### Religion

* The Book of Revelation is written (approximate date).
* A schism in Buddhism creates a new, popular religion in India, Mahâyâna ("Great Vehicle").

## Births

* Lucius Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus, Roman statesman

## Deaths

* September 18 – Domitian, Roman emperor (b. AD 51)
* Gaius Manlius Valens, Roman senator and consul (b. AD 6)
* Publius Papinius Statius, Roman poet (approximate date)
# Rinse & Repeat

"Rinse & Repeat" is a song by British DJ Riton featuring vocals from Kah-Lo. The song was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 19 February 2016.
The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 13 and at number 2 on the UK Dance Chart. It was nominated for Best Dance Recording at the 2017 Grammy Awards.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Rinse & Repeat" :
| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 42 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 37 |
| France (SNEP) | 123 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 9 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 13 |
| UK Dance (OCC) | 2 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Rinse & Repeat" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release history for "Rinse & Repeat" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Ireland | 26 February 2016 | Digital download | Riton |
| United Kingdom | 26 February 2016 | Digital download | Riton |
| Netherlands | 4 March 2016 | Digital download | Ministry of SoundSpinnin' |
# Norman Storer

Norman Harry Storer (born 5 June 1933) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from England.

## Career

Born in Ridgeway, Derbyshire, Storer was experienced in other disciplines of motorcycle racing before speedway, starting with trials in 1950 and later road racing and scrambles. He rode in the 1959 Thruxton 500 mile endurance road race, partnering Chris Vincent on a BSA Road Rocket, finishing in seventh place.
A crash during 1959 resulted in two broken wrists, leaving him with a problem with his right hand, after which he took up grasstrack as a result. He began his speedway career in 1963 with Long Eaton Archers, becoming one of the team's top riders by the following year, and staying with them when they joined the British League in 1965.
He represented England national speedway team in 1964 against Scotland, and Great Britain in 1965 against an Overseas team, both in Provincial League representative teams. He transferred with the Long Eaton promotion to Leicester Lions in 1968, and stayed with Leicester until his retirement in 1975. His long service was recognised with a testimonial meeting alongside his Leicester captain Ray Wilson in 1974.
# Ian Thwaites

Ian Thwaites (4 March 1943 – 30 September 2015) was an English physician and cricketer. He played twenty-two first-class matches for Cambridge University Cricket Club between 1963 and 1964.

## Biography

Ian Thwaites was born in 1943 in Brighton, the youngest child of four to Guy Thwaites, a local general practitioner (GP). He was educated at Eastbourne College and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he studied Natural Sciences. He played cricket for Sussex Second XI and Cambridge University, and in 1964 won a Blue. Following training in medicine at Cambridge and St Thomas’ Hospital, he became a doctor and worked in Africa before moving to Horsham, where he worked for over 40 years, first as a GP, and then as a private sports physician. The cricketer Christopher Martin-Jenkins, in his autobiography CMJ – A Cricketing Life, describes being treated by him. Thwaites was a member of Horsham Cricket Club, where he played cricket for many years, and he was a co-founder of Keep Southwater Green.
His son, Guy, also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University.
He died from prostate cancer on 30 September 2015.
# Wilf Plant

Wilfred Graham Plant (28 August 1914 – May 2001) was a British motorcycle speedway rider.

## Career

Born in Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, Plant gained his early racing experience in grasstrack. After practising from 1934 at Crayford, he started his speedway career at the Leicester Super track in 1936, winning the (unofficial) Midland Riders Championship, and joining New Cross in 1937. He moved team several times in the late 1930s, joining Wimbledon Dons later in 1937, Leeds in 1938, and Middlesbrough and then Edinburgh in 1939.
With the speedway leagues suspended during World War II, Plant worked in his garage in Asfordby repairing tractors. He returned to Middlesbrough in 1946, moving on to Fleetwood during the 1948 season, transferring for a record fee (at the time) of £1,000.
In 1949, he captained the unofficial British team that toured South Africa.
Plant signed for Coventry Bees, and towards the end of the 1951 season, joined Long Eaton Archers on loan, signing for the team in 1952, which was his last season, Plant retiring from the sport at the end of the season, although he did come out of retirement to ride in 'pirate' meetings at Long Eaton in 1954.
Plant's son Graham followed him into a career in speedway.
# Jaźwiny, Łódź Voivodeship

Jaźwiny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złoczew, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Złoczew, 23 km (14 mi) south of Sieradz, and 70 km (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.
# Michael J. Smith (cricketer)

Michael John Smith (4 January 1942 – 12 November 2004) was an English cricketer, who played most of his cricket as an opening batsman for Middlesex County Cricket Club. Together with Mike Brearley he formed a successful opening partnership. He also played five One Day Internationals for England in 1973 and 1974.
In first-class cricket Smith made 19,814 runs at an average of 31.65 in a career that lasted from 1959 to 1980, a total that included 40 centuries. His highest score was 181 against Lancashire County Cricket Club at Old Trafford in 1967. Although he batted right-handed he took 57 wickets, with a bowling average of 32.73, with slow left-arm deliveries. He also took 218 catches in the field. In 1994 he became the official scorer for Middlesex. In total Smith spent 22 seasons on the staff at Lord's Cricket Ground.
He was educated at Enfield Grammar School. Smith was twice married and had three daughters, Debbie, Libby, Emma, and a son, Jonathan.

## Quotations

Mike Brearley, Smith's fellow opening batsman at Middlesex, in his book The Art of Captaincy wrote about how Smith prepared for his innings: "Mike Smith would be having his last-minute 'net' in front of the dressing-room mirror. He clicks his tongue on the roof of his mouth to represent ball on bat as he plays an immaculate forward defensive shot." He also recalled Smith's approach to batting: "You can never trust bowlers: they develop something new each year."
# Topsy Hartsel

Tully Frederick "Topsy" Hartsel (June 26, 1874 – October 14, 1944) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball. He was born in Polk, Ohio, and played for the Louisville Colonels (1898–99), Cincinnati Reds (1900), Chicago Orphans (1901) and Philadelphia Athletics (1902–11), with whom he won the World Series in 1910.
Hartsel spent the first three years of his professional career as a part-time outfielder for the Colonels and Reds. In 1901, he enjoyed a breakout season with the Orphans, setting career highs in hits (187), runs (111), doubles (25), home runs (7), total bases (265), batting average (.335), and on-base plus slugging (.889). On September 10, 1901, he established the record for putouts by a left fielder in a nine-inning game, with 11 against the Brooklyn Superbas.
In a 14-year, 1,356-game major league career, Hartsel recorded a .276 batting average with 826 runs, 31 home runs, 341 RBI, 247 stolen bases and 837 bases on balls. His career fielding percentage as an outfielder was .956. In the 1905 and 1910 World Series, he hit .227 (5-for-22).
Philadelphia manager Connie Mack looked for players with quiet and disciplined personal lives, having seen many players in his playing days destroy themselves and their teams through heavy drinking. Mack himself never drank; before the 1910 World Series he asked all his players to "take the pledge" not to drink during the Series. When Topsy Hartsel told Mack he needed a drink the night before the final game, Mack told him to do what he thought best, but in these circumstances "if it was me, I'd die before I took a drink."
Hartsel died in Toledo, Ohio, on October 14, 1944.
# Susan Dorsch

Susan Evelyn Dorsch (born 25 March 1935) is an Australian physician and educator. She became the first female appointed to Professorship in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sydney. She is Emeritus Professor at the University of Sydney.

## Life and career

Susan Dorsch was born on 25 March 1935 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. In 1958, she graduated from medicine at the University of Sydney. In 1958–1959, Dorsch was a Resident Medical Officer at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney. Between 1959 and 1969, Dorsch worked as General Practitioner at Harden, New South Wales. In 1970, she was appointed Teaching Fellow in the University of Sydney's Department of Pathology. The same year Dorsch started her postgraduate research study at the University of Sydney that continued until 1974. In 1974 she worked as a Senior Research Officer for the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) in the Department of Pathology becoming Senior Lecturer in 1975, Associate Professor in 1981 and Professor in 1983.
Dorsch was the first female appointed to Professorship in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sydney. Between 1978 and 1987 Dorsch supervised Bachelor and PhD students in the Faculty of Medicine as well as Master and PhD students in the Faculty of Science.
From 1983 to 1986, she was a member of the Rhodes Scholarship Selection Committee, from 1984 to 1987 – a member of the Harkness Fellowship Selection Committee.
In 1985, Dorsch chaired the committee on the Centenary of the First Women Graduates. In 1986 she was appointed Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sydney and in 1989 Deputy Vice-Chancellor, remaining on the position until 1995. Between 1989 and 1996, Dorsch was a Director of the Northern Area Health Service Board. From 1991 to 1993 Dorsch was a Member of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). In 1991–1994, she was also a Chairman of the Australian American Education Foundation.
Since 1995, Dorsch is Emeritus Professor of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sydney. In 1996, she received the honorary degree of Doctor of the University of Sydney.
# Peter Thomas (cricketer, born 1952)

Peter Wynne Thomas (born 11 April 1952) is a former English cricketer. Thomas was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Swardeston, Norfolk.
Thomas made his debut for Norfolk in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire. Thomas played Minor counties cricket for Norfolk from 1982 to 1986, which included seven Minor Counties Championship matches and two MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He played a single List A match for Norfolk against Glamorgan in the opening round of the 1983 NatWest Trophy where he took two wickets and was dismissed for a duck.
Thomas joined the East Anglian Premier Cricket League side Swardeston in 1999, where he played five games. From 2002 to 2010, Thomas played in the Over-50s County Championship for Norfolk.
His brother, David, and son, Mark Thomas, both played for Norfolk.
# ʻAlisi Afeaki Taumoepeau

ʻAlisi Afeaki Taumoepeau is a Tongan politician. She became the first woman to hold a Cabinet post in Tonga when she was named Attorney general and Minister of Justice in 2006.

## Career

Malia Viviena ʻAlisi Nunia Taumoepeau studied law at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, becoming the first Tongan woman with a degree in the subject. She had initially wanted to study medicine and mathematics but was not accepted for a scholarship. She turned to law at the suggestion of her father, Pousima ʻAfeaki. Upon returning to Tonga she worked at the Crown Law Office for several years. By 2004 she had become solicitor general for the country. At the same time her husband ʻAisea Taumoepeau jointly held the posts of attorney general and Minister for Justice but was asked to resign. She was also pressured to resign by Prime Minister Fatafehi Tuʻipelehake, following her support of civil servants during a strike.
When Taumoepeau was named jointly as attorney general and Minister for Justice in 2006 it was the first time that a Tongan woman had been named to a cabinet post within the Tongan Government.
She was asked to resign her posts by the Tongan government, which she did effective May 31, 2009. Following her resignation her former role was split into two, with John Cauchi succeeding her as attorney general, and Samiu Vaipulu becoming the new Minister of Justice. At the time there was no official comment but it was later reported that it was after she mislead the Cabinet. Following the resignation of Cauchi from the attorney general post, she agreed with his allegations that both resignations were after the Cabinet interfered in the country's legal system.
In September 2020 she was made a King's Counsel. She then worked as chief executive for the Office of the Ombudsman.
In February 2023 she was sworn in as acting Ombudsman, replacing her husband, ʻAisea Taumoepeau.

## Honours
### National honours

* Order of Queen Sālote Tupou III, Grand Cross (31 July 2008).
# Hasu al-Qiblawi

Hasu al-Qiblawi (Arabic: حسو العلباوي) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the al-Saan Subdistrict of the Salamiyah District of the Hama Governorate. It is one the villages of the Shaykh Hilal municipality. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hasu al-Qiblawi had a population of 696 according to the 2004 census.
# 45 BC

Year 45 BC was either a common year starting on Thursday, Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Friday or Saturday (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and the first year of the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar without Colleague (or, less frequently, year 709 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 45 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Roman Republic

* Fourth consulship of Gaius Julius Caesar (without colleague).
* January 1 – The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire, establishing a solar calendar that is based on the Egyptian calendar of the day.
* March 17 – Civil War: In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda. Labienus dies in battle, Pompey the younger is executed, but Sextus Pompey escapes to take command of the remnants of the Pompeian fleet.
* The veterans of Julius Caesar's Legions Legio XIII Gemina and Legio X Equestris demobilize. The veterans of the 10th legion are settled in Narbo, while those of the 13th are given somewhat better lands in Italia itself.
* End of the Roman Civil War
* Caesar is named dictator for life.
* Caesar probably writes his Commentaries in this year.

#### Asia

* Possible first year of the Azes I Era.

## Births

* Iullus Antonius, son of Mark Antony and Fulvia; consul 10 BC (d. 2 BC)
* Wang Mang, usurper of the Han dynasty and emperor of the Xin dynasty (d. AD 23)

## Deaths

* February – Tullia, daughter of Cicero (b. 79 BC or 78 BC)
* March 17
** Titus Labienus, Roman general (killed in the Battle of Munda) (b. c. 100 BC)
** Publius Attius Varus, Roman governor (killed in the Battle of Munda)
* April 12 – Gnaeus Pompeius, son of Pompey the Great (executed after the Battle of Munda)
* December 31 – Quintus Fabius Maximus, Roman general and politician
* Nigidius Figulus, Roman scholar (b. 98 BC)
* Publius Cornelius Sulla, Roman politician
# Noori (goat)

Noori (Arabic word for "light") was a female pashmina goat, the first pashmina goat to be cloned using the process of nuclear transfer. Born on 9 March 2012, she was kept at the place of her birth, at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar in the Indian territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

## Birth

Noori was born on 9 March 2012 to three mothers (one provided the egg, another the DNA and a third carried the cloned embryo to term). She was created using the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer, in which the cell nucleus from an adult cell is transferred into an unfertilised oocyte (developing egg cell) that has had its nucleus removed. The hybrid cell is then stimulated to divide by an electric shock, and when it develops into a blastocyst, it is implanted in a surrogate mother using laparoscopic surgery. This is the same method as was used in cloning the first mammal of the world, Dolly. Noori was cloned by Dr. Riaz Ahmad Shah, Dr.Syed Hilal Yaqoob, Dr. Maajid Hassan Bhat, Dr. Mujeeb Fazili, Firdous Ahmad Khan and colleagues at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir in Shuhama, 13 km to the east of Srinagar. The successful cloning of Noori, which took two years, will assist the department in cloning the endangered species of Kashmir stag (hangul); they previously cloned a water buffalo in 2009. The funding for Noori's cloning was provided by the World Bank, which runs the National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

## Pashmina goat

Noori also offers hope to the people of Kashmir of increasing production of pashmina, a type of fine cashmere wool. At present pashmina wool is being imported from China to fulfill demand, due to the rarity of pashmina goat, which is a special breed of goat indigenous to high altitudes of the Himalayas in Ladakh. Pashmina shawls are hand spun and woven and the textiles are embroidered in Kashmir, where more than 10 million people are associated with this industry.

## Death

Noori died in March 2023 at the age of 11.