OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ben Crawford

Ben Crawford (born May 22, 1982) is an American singer and stage actor from Tucson, Arizona. He played the lead role of The Phantom in the Broadway production of The Phantom of the Opera for five years.
He made his Broadway debut in 2007 in Les Misérables as the understudy for Jean Valjean and Javert. His first principal role on Broadway was the title role in Shrek the Musical.

## Early life

Born and raised in Tucson, Arizona, Crawford received a BFA in Music Theatre from the University of Arizona.

## Personal life

On June 22, 2022 he announced his engagement via Instagram to former-Phantom costar, Kelsey Connolly.

## The Phantom of the Opera

Crawford made his debut performance in The Phantom of the Opera on April 16, 2018, following the tenure of Peter Joback. After a hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Crawford returned to the role in October 2021 and was set to be the final Phantom when the show closed after a record 35 year run on Broadway. However, he was forced out of the show on April 1, 2023 due to sickness. He was covered the last fifteen days by Jeremy Stolle, Ted Keegan, and Laird Mackintosh.
He has no relation to the originator of the role, Michael Crawford.

## Stage credits

| Show | Role(s) | Year(s) | Production |
| Oliver! | Bill Sikes | 2006 | The Muny |
| Les Misérables | Courfeyrac / Factory Foreman / Brujon / Champmathieu u/s Jean Valjean u/s Inspector Javert | 2007-2008 | Broadway |
| Oklahoma! | Jud Fry | 2008 | Regional |
| Shrek the Musical | s/b Shrek | 2008 | Regional Tryout |
| Shrek the Musical | s/b Shrek | 2008 | Broadway |
| Shrek the Musical | s/b Shrek u/s Lord Farquaad | 2009 | Broadway |
| Shrek the Musical | Shrek | 2009-2010 | Broadway |
| Titanic | Frederick Barrett | 2010 | The Muny |
| Footloose | Chuck Cranston | 2010 | The Muny |
| Guys and Dolls | Sky Masterson | 2011 | US Tour |
| Next to Normal | Dr. Fine / Dr. Madden | 2011 | Regional |
| Merrily We Roll Along | Ensemble | 2012 | Encores! |
| Anastasia | Ensemble | 2012 | Reading |
| South Pacific | Luther Billis | 2012 | Regional |
| Big Fish | Don Price u/s Edward Bloom | 2013 | Regional Tryout |
| Big Fish | Don Price u/s Edward Bloom | 2013 | Broadway |
| On the Twentieth Century | Actor / Passenger / Ensemble u/s Bruce Granit u/s Max Jacobs | 2015 | Broadway |
| 110 in the Shade | Bill Starbuck | 2016 | Regional |
| Evita | Che | 2016 | Regional |
| Charlie and the Chocolate Factory | Mr. Salt | 2017-2018 | Broadway |
| The Phantom of the Opera | The Phantom of the Opera | 2018-2020 | Broadway |
| The Phantom of the Opera | The Phantom of the Opera | 2021-2023 | Broadway |
| Beauty and the Beast | The Beast | 2023 | The Muny |
| 42nd Street | Julian Marsh | 2024 | Broadway Sacramento |
| Waitress | Earl Hunterson | 2024 | The Muny |
| Little Shop of Horrors | Orin Scrivello | 2024 | Art Farm at Serenbe |
# Robbin Laird

Robbin F. Laird (born 1946) is a military and security analyst.

## Biography

He has taught at Columbia University, Queens College, Princeton University and Johns Hopkins University. He worked with The Center for Defense Analysis and the Institute for Defense Analysis. He is a member of the Board of Contributors of AOL Defense and writes for The Diplomat. He is the director of the ICSA, LLC since 2000 and co-founder of the website Second Line of Defense, since 2010 and of Defense.info since 2018. He is the editor of two defense websites, Second Line of Defense and Defense Information. He became a fellow of The Williams Foundation, Canberra, Australia in 2018.

## Awards

* National Science Foundation
* US Institute of Peace
* Tinker Foundation
* Fellow, The Williams Foundation, Canberra Australia
# Blair Cook

Blair Richard Cook (born 27 April 1983) is a New Zealand former professional rugby union player.
Educated at Waimea College, Cook had a delayed start to first-class rugby after a broken leg had him sidelined for most of the 2004 season, before he made his Nelson Bays debut the following year. He joined Tasman for their inaugural season in 2006 and played on the wing for the province, though he was also capable of playing the centre and fullback positions.
Cook, an aeronautical engineer by profession, was called up to the Crusaders wider training group in 2009 as injury cover and took the field in two Super 14 matches, with an eye injury suffered during a game of squash costing him further opportunities. His career included a stint in Spain with Ordizia.
# Quinn Harrison-Jones

Quinn J. Harrison-Jones (born 5 October 1998) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for Tasman in the Bunnings NPC. His position is Prop.

## Career

Harrison-Jones played 2 seasons for Southland before returning home to Tasman, being named in their development squad for the 2024 Bunnings NPC. He made his debut for the side in Round 3, starting at number 3 against Counties Manukau in a big 3–48 win for the Mako.
# Chris Jack

Christopher Raymond Jack (born 5 September 1978) is a former New Zealand rugby union player who played as a lock. He played for Canterbury and the Tasman Mako in the National Provincial Championship and its successor, the Air New Zealand Cup; the Crusaders in Super Rugby; Saracens in the Guinness Premiership; and internationally for the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks.

## Rugby career

His test debut for the All Blacks was against Argentina on 23 June 2001 in Christchurch. With his size and athleticism, he established himself as a regular in the All Blacks side.
It was announced on 7 June 2006 that Jack had signed a two-year contract with the newly formed Tasman Rugby Union. He spent two years with the English Premiership side Saracens joining after the 2007 Rugby World Cup, joining another New Zealand player, Glen Jackson.
In April 2009 he re-signed with the New Zealand Rugby Union until 2011. He played with South African side Western Province and then made a return to Super 14 side Crusaders for the 2010 season.

## Current life

Retiring in 2015, Jack has taken up a builders apprenticeship. Based in Nelson, Jack has also taken up the position as the Nelson Child Cancer Foundation ambassador. His father is also involved in the building industry.

## Achievements

In 2002, Jack was named the New Zealand rugby player of the year.

## Other

* Scored a try 11 minutes after coming on as a replacement against Argentina on his international debut in 2001.
* Scored a try in New Zealand’s opening match of the RWC 2007 against Italy.
* Played in six RWC matches, five in 2003 and one in 2007.
# Island Pacific Hotel

The Island Pacific Hotel is a 4-star hotel in Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong.
By May 2021 the Office for Safeguarding National Security began using the hotel.
# Robert Pilch

Robert George Pilch (12 October 1877 – 1 November 1957) was an English amateur footballer and minor counties cricketer.
Born to the Norfolk Pilch family, noted for their contributions to cricket, Pilch was born in October 1877 at Holt, Norfolk. He first played football for Melton Constable, before appearing for Norwich CEYMS. He played for Tottenham Hotspur from 1903 to 1905, making three appearances in the London League and Western League. Although capable of playing at a high level, Pilch preferred to play for Norwich CEYMS. He gave the CEYMS 25 years service, serving not only in a playing capacity but also as a committeeman, secretary, chairman and president. He played two matches for Norwich City in the 1911–12 Southern Football League. The following year he played for Everton against Norwich when Everton turned up without Jack Sharp for the match, with Pilch due to referee in the match. He later served as a director and vice-chairman of Norwich.
Pilch also played cricket at minor counties level for Norfolk, albeit intermittently, from 1899 to 1921, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He died at Norwich in November 1957. Noted relatives include the cricketers William Pilch and David Pilch.
# Tim Sail

Tim J. Sail (born 21 May 1998) is a New Zealand rugby union player who plays for Tasman in the Bunnings NPC. He can play in the Lock, Number 8 and Flanker positions.

## Career

Sail played 10 games for North Harbour between 2020 and 2021. Sail was named in the Tasman development squad for the 2023 Bunnings NPC and made his debut for the side in Round 1 of the competition, coming off the bench against Otago in a 27–15 win for the Mako.
# Mitchell Scott

Mitchell John Scott (born 3 February 1991) is a New Zealand rugby union player who currently plays as a wing for Otago in the New Zealand NPC competition.

## Early life and family

Scott was born in Nelson in 1991, the son of former All Blacks halfback Stephen Scott, and was educated at Nelson College from 2002 to 2009.

## Rugby union career
### ITM Cup

Scott began his senior career in 2011 with his local team, the Tasman Makos. An impressive debut ITM Cup season saw him named in the Crusaders wider training group for the 2012 Super Rugby season, however injury hampered him throughout 2012 and he didn't make any Super Rugby or ITM Cup appearances that year. 2013 was much more successful for Scott as he scored 5 tries in 11 matches for the Makos to help them gain promotion to the ITM Cup Premiership Division. The Makos good form continued into 2014 and Scott made 9 appearances to help the men from Nelson reach the final of the ITM Cup Premiership where they went down 36-32 to Taranaki. Despite this disappointment, Scott was signed to a Super Rugby contract by Australian franchise the Western Force ahead of the 2015 Super Rugby season.

### International

Scott was a member of the New Zealand Under 20 side that won the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship in Italy.
# Obélisque d'Arles

The Obélisque d'Arles ("Arles Obelisk") is a 4th-century Roman obelisk, erected in the center of the Place de la République, in front of the Hôtel de Ville (town hall) in Arles, France.

## Description

The obelisk is made of granite from Asia Minor. It does not feature any inscription. Its height together with its pedestal is approximately 15 metres (49 ft).

## History

The obelisk was first erected under the Roman emperor Constantine II in the center of the spina of the Roman circus of Arles. After the circus was abandoned in the 6th century, the obelisk fell down and was broken in two parts. It was rediscovered in the 14th century and re-erected on top of a pedestal soon surmounted by a bronze globe and sun on 26 March 1676.
Designed by Jacques Peytret, these ornaments changed in times of political regimes. During the Revolution, the sun was replaced by a Phrygian cap; under the Empire, the eagle replaced the cap; under Louis-Philippe, the royal sun took the place of the rooster hunting the eagle. Since 1866, the ornaments were permanently removed and replaced by a bronze capstone until a fountain and the sculptures around it were designed by Antoine Laurent Dantan in the 19th century.

## Conservation

This obelisk was listed on the 1840 inventory of historic sites in France. It is part of a 1981-designated UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments.
# Robert Talbot (footballer)

Robert Curry Talbot (20 September 1908 – 1971) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back. He played for four clubs in the Football League during the 1930s, making 23 league appearances.
# Ukrainian Scientific Society

Ukrainian Scientific Society (Ukrainian: Українське наукове товариство) was a learned society established in Kyiv in 1907. It was predecessor of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and later in 1921 it fully integrated within the last one. The society was created on the initiative of Mykhailo Hrushevsky and under his chairmanship on the example of the Shevchenko Scientific Society that existed in Lemberg (Austro-Hungary). The primary goal of the society was an organization of science work and its popularization through the Ukrainian language.
The society had several sections: historical, philological, natural-technical, medical, and statistical commissions.
# Pierre Benoît Soult

Pierre Benoît Soult (French pronunciation:; 19 July 1770 – 7 May 1843) joined the French royal army before the French Revolution. He fought in the French Revolutionary Wars, emerging from the conflict as colonel of a cavalry regiment. A good deal of his early career was spent as aide-de-camp to his brother Jean-de-Dieu Soult who became Marshal in 1804. Transferred to Spain during the Napoleonic Wars, he first led a corps cavalry brigade, then after 1813 he commanded a cavalry division. During the Peninsular War he took part in the 1814 Battle of Orthez where he commanded 2,700 cavalry and watched the river line upstream (east) from the town of Orthez. He also saw action during the Hundred Days after Napoleon returned from exile in Elba. After 1830, he was brought out of retirement when his brother became part of the government. SOULT, P. is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe.

## Early career

His brother, Jean-de-Dieu Soult, was chief of staff to François Joseph Lefebvre, but on 11 October 1794 he was promoted general of brigade and assigned to lead a brigade in André Poncet's division. When the Army of Sambre and Meuse crossed the Lahn River on 20–21 September 1795, Jean-de-Dieu Soult's brigade led Poncet's division. Pierre Soult, who served as his brother's aide-de-camp, led a group of soldiers across the river and held a small bridgehead until the rest of the brigade arrived. However, the ford was so narrow that some soldiers drowned. Soult saw that the cavalry was missing the ford, so he dashed back to the bank, just as General of Brigade Louis Klein fell off his horse and began to sink. Soult swam out and saved Klein's life, earning him a letter of thanks from the French government.
# Syed Anwarul Haq Haqqi

Syed Anwarul Haq Haqqi (also known as S. A. H. Haqqi; 22 January 1922 – 10 February 2010) was an Indian scholar who headed the Political Science department of Aligarh Muslim University for twenty years. He was the younger brother of Abrarul Haq Haqqi.

## Biography

Syed Anwarul Haq Haqqi was born on 22 January 1922 in Hardoi. He received a B.A. degree from University of Lucknow and an M.A in History from Aligarh Muslim University. He wrote his doctoral thesis on Timur under the supervision of Mohammad Habib. He wrote a second doctoral thesis on "The British Colonial Policy" at the London School of Economics.
Haqqi was head of the Aligarh Muslim University's Political Science department for twenty years. In 1967, he started the departmental journal, Indian Journal of Politics. He retired in 1982. Later he taught at University of Warsaw, Middle East Technical University and the University of Kashmir as a visiting professor.
Haqqi's elder brother Abrarul Haq Haqqi was an Islamic scholar who established the Ashraful Madaris in Hardoi.
Haqqi died on 10 February 2010.

## Literary works

Haqqi's works include:
* Chingiz Khan: The life and Legacy of an Empire Builder
* Indian democracy at the crossroads
* The Union-State relations in India
* Secularism under siege : the Ayodhya tragedy in retrospect and prospect
* Democracy, Pluralism and Nation-Building
* The Turkish Impact on India the First Phase
* The Atatürk Revolution and India
* The Faith Movement of Mawlānā Muḥammad Ilyās
* The colonial policy of the Labour Government
* Problems of representation in the new states
* Machiavelli and Machiavellism (Urdu)
# RFNS Kacau

RFNS Kacau is a hydrographic survey vessel donated by China to the Republic of Fiji Naval Service in 2019. With the capacity for approximately 30 crewmembers she will be Fiji's largest vessel.
Kacai is a catamaran, and has a deck area that can accommodate deck cargo and standard sized shipping containers.
# Ascender (typography)

In typography and handwriting, an ascender is the portion of a minuscule letter in a Latin-derived alphabet that extends above the mean line of a font. That is, the part of a lower-case letter that is taller than the font's x-height.
Ascenders, together with descenders, increase the recognizability of words. For this reason, many situations that require high legibility such as road signs avoid using solely capital letters (i.e. all-caps).
Studies made at the start of the construction of the British motorway network concluded that words with mixed-case letters were much easier to read than "all-caps" and a special font was designed for motorway signs. These then became universal across the UK. See Road signs in the United Kingdom.
In many fonts intended for body text, such as Bembo and Garamond, ascenders rise above the cap height of the capital letters.
# Monumento a los Caídos por España (Madrid)

The Monument to the Fallen for Spain (Spanish: Monumento a los Caídos por España) or the Monument to the Heroes of the Second of May (Monumento a los Héroes del Dos de Mayo), popularly known as el Obelisco ("the Obelisk"), is a war memorial in Madrid, Spain. It lies on the centre of the Plaza de la Lealtad [es].

## History and description

It is located at the Plaza de la Lealtad, between the Madrid Stock Exchange Building and the Ritz Hotel, next to the Paseo del Prado.
Standing close to 30 metres high, the monument is built on the place where General Joachim Murat ordered the execution of numerous Spaniards after the Dos de Mayo Uprising of 1808. After various attempts to create a memorial as an homage to the participants of the uprising, the inauguration of the monument took place on May 2, 1840, the anniversary of the event. On November 22, 1985, King Juan Carlos I re-inaugurated the monument as a memorial to all those who gave their life for Spain, including those who died in conflicts other than the Peninsular War. Since then, a flame fuelled by gas has been constantly burning on the front of the monument. This parallels other war memorials around the world of national symbolic importance, frequently known as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
# 2020 in North Korea

Events of 2020 in North Korea.

## Incumbents

* Party Chairman and State Chairman: Kim Jong-un
* President of the Supreme People's Assembly: Choe Ryong-hae
* Premier: Kim Jae-ryong (until 13 August), Kim Tok-hun (from 13 August)

## Events
### January

* In Late January, North Korea closes its borders due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

### March

* In early March, according to South Korean media outlet Daily NK, 180 soldiers of the Korean Military had died causing speculation on if the deaths were a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
* In March, North Korea launches several missile tests.
* On March 30, the 2020 Summer Olympics in which North Korean athletes were expected to compete in were postponed to summer of 2021 due to concerns over the COVID-19 pandemic.

### April

* On April 12, Kim Jong Un was reported by Daily NK to have undergone cardiovascular surgery.
* On April 15, North Korea celebrates Day of the Sun. Kim Jong Un is missing from the ceremony.
* On April 21, CNN reports U.S. agencies monitoring intelligence from North Korea said Kim's post-surgery state was in "grave danger".

### June and July

* On June 15, North Korea demolished a South Korean and North Korean liaison office building located in Kaesong after tensions between North and South Korea rise.
* July 26 – The city of Kaesong is placed under total lockdown after a person is found with suspected COVID-19 symptoms. This is the first suspected case in the country.

### October

On October 10, North Korea unveiled the missile Hwasong-16.

## Deaths
### January

* January 17 – Hwang Sun-hui, North Korean politician, director of the Korean Revolution Museum. (b. 1919)

### April

* April 9 – Won Pyong-oh, South Korean zoologist, born in North Korea and escaped during the Korean War, son of Won Hong-gu. (b. 1929)

### June

* June 9 – Kim Chang-sop, former Vice minister of the Ministry of State Security up until his death. (b. 1949)

### July

* July 10 – Paik Sun-yup, North Korean born, South Korean military officer. (b. 1920)
# Matsya Nyaya

Matsya Nyaya (Sanskrit: मात्स्यन्याय; IAST: mātsyanyāya) is an ancient Indian philosophy which refers to the principle of the Law of Fish. It is described as the fundamental law of nature explained by the proverb of the big fish devouring the smaller fish, hence strong devour the weak. It can be equated to the 'Law of the Jungle'. In simple words, the strong dominates over the weak when there is disorder.

## Philosophy

The ancient Indian philosopher Chanakya (Kautilya), who was also the chief advisor of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya, used this theory in his treatise Arthashastra to describe why a state should enhance its size and security. According to Chanakya, in absence of government or rule of law, the human society will degenerate into a state of anarchy in which the strong will destroy or exploit the weak much like how bigger fish eat smaller fish. So according to this philosophy, the theory of government was based on a belief in the innate depravity of man. In other words, this theory proposes that government, rulers and laws are necessary to prevent this natural law of 'Matsya Nyaya' from operating in human society. Hence this explains why there is a need for a government and laws to be in place. Hence, Kautilya stresses the importance of 'danda' (strong authority), as its absence will lead to the law of fishes, i.e, anarchy.

## Verses in Arthashastra

* Arthashastra 1.4.13-14
* apraṇītaḥ tu mātsyanyāyaṃ udbhāvayati. balīyān abalaṃ hi grasate daṇḍadharābhāve.
* But when the law of punishment is kept in abeyance, it gives rise to such disorder as is implied in the proverb of law and order of fishes (matsyanyaya udbhavayati); for in the absence of a magistrate (dandadharabhave), the strong will swallow the weak; but under his protection, the weak resist the strong.
# Earl Devore

Francis Earl Devore (occasionally spelt DeVore, December 2, 1889 – November 12, 1928) was an American racing driver. DeVore and fellow driver Norman Batten were aboard the SS Vestris ocean liner when it sank. He is credited with saving the lives of his wife, and Batten's wife. Both Batten and DeVore were lost at sea. Devore's son, Billy, also became a racing driver.

## Motorsports career results
### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Car | Start | Qual | Rank | Finish | Laps | Led | Retired |
| 1925 | 24 | 15 | 97.799 | 19 | 13 | 198 | 0 | Flagged |
| 1927 | 10 | 15 | 107.497 | 23 | 2 | 200 | 0 | Running |
| 1928 | 6 | 24 | 109.810 | 18 | 18 | 161 | 0 | Crash T1 |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 559 | 0 | |
| Starts | 3 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Front Row | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Top 5 | 1 |
| Top 10 | 1 |
| Retired | 1 |