OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maen Llia

Maen Llia is a standing stone which sits on moorland at grid reference SN924192 in the Brecon Beacons National Park in Powys, Wales.
The stone which is a large piece of intraformational conglomerate from the Old Red Sandstone measures 3.7 m (12 ft) high by 2.8 m (9 ft) wide by 0.9 m (3 ft). It is roughly diamond-shaped and is partly moss-covered. It sits on a purpose made stone and earth mound. It is thought to date from the Bronze Age or later Neolithic.
It is a popular tourist attraction, lying just 60 yards off a minor road running north from the village of Ystradfellte in the Waterfall Country towards the hamlet of Heol Senni and Brecon, the county town of Brecknockshire.
There is a low heather-covered henge 240 metres (790 feet) to the southwest, a recumbent stone row 60 metres (200 feet) to the South, and a cairn 300 metres (1000 feet) to the South East, all of whom form a precise geometric pattern. This pattern contains some unique geometry not known to exist anywhere else in the world, although some aspects of it can be discerned at Stonehenge.
Another significant standing stone, Maen Madoc, lies just off the old Roman road known as Sarn Helen about 2 miles (3.5 km) to the south. Whilst this latter stone bears legible writing, there is none visible on Maen Llia though some faint lettering was reported still to be visible in the mid twentieth century.
Legend has it that the stone goes down to the river, the Afon Llia to drink on occasion. This tale seems likely to be an allusion to the fact that its shadow is cast across the moorland as far as the river when the sun is low in the evening sky. This occurs from April till September. On the day that the sunset shadow reaches the stream for the first and last time of the year (April/Sept), it's sunrise shadow touches a stone 90 feet to the East. This only happens on these two days.
There is good evidence to suggest that alignments within the geometric arrangements also match astronomical alignments, principally involving all the major and minor Lunar standstills. This has not, as of 2024, been definitively confirmed as yet. The modelled predictions would strongly favour this possibility. Further research is ongoing.
The stone is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
# Eddie Leadbeater

Edric "Eddie" Leadbeater (15 August 1927 – 17 April 2011) was an English cricketer who played in two Tests in 1951. He was born in Lockwood, Huddersfield, West Riding of Yorkshire, and died in Huddersfield.
Leadbeater was a right-handed lower order batsman, and a leg-break and googly bowler, who had a couple of good seasons for Yorkshire in 1950 and 1951, but failed to keep his place in the side. He reappeared for Warwickshire County Cricket Club in 1957 and 1958, as a possible replacement for Eric Hollies, who retired after the 1957 season; but he failed to take enough wickets and his contract was not renewed.
Leadbeater's leg-spin was always inclined to be expensive: in his two good seasons for Yorkshire, his wickets cost an average of around 25 runs apiece. His selection to replace Derbyshire's injured Bert Rhodes on the 1951-52 Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) tour of India, Pakistan and Ceylon was unexpected, and though he played in two Test matches, he was not a success. Cricket writer, Colin Bateman, noted "Leadbeater was more of an accurate roller, than a traditional leg spinner and his bowling posed few terrors for the Indian batsmen". Wisden Cricketer's Almanack reported that he modified his action to avoid being too expensive on the tour: however, he was never the same bowler again, and the rest of his first-class career produced fewer than 100 wickets.
Dropping out of the Yorkshire side, he joined Warwickshire for 1957 and played fairly regularly in 1958 after Hollies retired. Though he took just 49 wickets (and only 25 of them in Championship matches), he scored his only first-class century in what proved to be his last season: going in as a nightwatchman, he made 116 and shared in a second-wicket stand of 209 with Fred Gardner in the match against Glamorgan at Coventry.
Leadbeater is a rarity as an England Test cricketer, in that he was never awarded a county cap.
After leaving first-class cricket, Leadbeater played regularly for Almondbury Cricket Club in the Huddersfield Cricket League, taking over 1,000 wickets before he retired at the age of 68.
# Alexander Eckener

Alexander Eckener (21 August 1870, Flensburg – 26 May 1944, Aalen) was a German painter and graphic artist.

## Biography

His father, Johann Christoph Eckener (1824–1880) was a cigar manufacturer, and his mother, Anna Maria Elisabeth Lange (1832–1893), was the daughter of a shoemaker. He was their youngest child. His older brother, Hugo Eckener, commanded the airship Graf Zeppelin on its first flight around the world.
He received his initial artistic training and inspiration from Jacob Nöbbe [de], a local artist in Flensburg. With his support, Eckener was able to study at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, from 1888 to 1892. After graduating, he returned to his home town and became part of the Ekensund Artists' Colony.
In 1899, he went to Stuttgart and was accepted by the State Academy of Fine Arts. There, he was a master student of Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth, who introduced him to the art of etching; another genre in which he became proficient.
After 1908, he taught at that Academy himself and was named a Professor in 1912. He took on the position of Professor of lithography and woodcuts in 1925. He resigned that position in 1928, but continued to teach at the Academy until his retirement in 1936.
The Eckener-Schule RBZ [de] (regional vocational training center) in Flensburg is named after him and his brother, Hugo.

## Sources

* Heinrich Rummel: Alex Eckener. Ein Malerleben zwischen Flensburg und Stuttgart. 2nd ed., Nord-Verlag, Flensburg 1975, ISBN 978-3-88042-289-6
* Brief biography @ the RBZ Eckener-Schule Flensburg
# Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894–1912

Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894–1912 (1978; second edition 1987) is a book by the philosopher Thomas Kuhn, in which the author surveys the development of quantum mechanics. The second edition has a new afterword.

## Summary

Kuhn surveys the development of quantum mechanics by Max Planck at the end of the 19th century. He argues that Planck misread his own earlier work.

## Reception

Alexander Bird describes Kuhn's book as "masterly", writing that it "differs from traditional history of science less in the kind of explanation offered and more in the vast erudition and scholarly attention to detail displayed."
According to philosopher Tim Maudlin, Planck and the Black Body Discontinuity (sic) "is a mixed bag: some good historiography and some poor analysis."
# Jean Dauger

Jean Dauger (Cambo-les-Bains, 12 November 1919 – 12 October 1999) was a French rugby union and rugby league footballer. He played as a centre. He was nicknamed Manech, which is a Lower Navarre Basque translation of his given name.

## Career

Dauger first started his career at 17 years, as first-choice for Bayonne in 1936 while he was working locally at the cadastre.
In 1938, he shifts to the semi-professionalism of rugby league, playing for RC Roanne XIII alongside Robert Samatan and Max Rousié while working for the Devernois factory, not appreciating the pseudo-amateur mores of the championship at the time. He was considered by the rugby league literature as "an attack prince" , "an exceptional back with dazzling start-up and an ultra-developed sense of game".
In 1941, he returned to Bayonne as the Vichy regime and its Révolution nationale had banned rugby league.
His two union international caps in 1945 for France on 1 January 1945 against Army Rugby Union (greeted by Jacques Chaban-Delmas, who will play alongside him in the following test cap against the British Empire XV on 28 April 1945), caused a very grave crisis against other national teams, being the reason of a 8-year eclipse. His last cap was on 10 January 1953, also brought a new crisis against Scotland.
He still would play for Bayonne until 1956; he is the great centre who inspired his successors such as Maurice Prat, Roger Martine and André Boniface. He was also the spiritual son of former Agen and Roanne player Robert Samatan.
Later, Dauger became a journalist for Paris-Presse and wrote a book dedicated to rugby: Histoires... de rugby' (published by Calmann-Levy in 1965, redacted in 1967) with a preface written by Jean Prat, as well Le Rugby en dix leçons.
In 1973, he was the coach France national rugby union team alongside Jean Desclaux.
From 3 June 2001, in his memory, Aviron Bayonnais' home stadium, Parc des Sports Saint-Léon was renamed Stade Jean Dauger.
His daughter Michou married Jean Grenet, mayor of Bayonne and president of Aviron; their son François Grenet was a professional footballer with clubs including Girondins de Bordeaux.

## Rugby union career

* Aviron Bayonnais
* Champion of France (1943)
* Vice-Champion of France (1944)

### Other

* Coupe de France finalist for the Côte Basque-Béarn representative team (on 10 April 1944).

### International

* International (3 caps) - (1945 and 1953 Five Nations Championship)

## Rugby league career

* RC Roanne XIII
* Champion of Lord Derby Cup with Roanne (1938)
* Champion of France with Roanne (1939)
# Gordon Haynes

Gordon Haynes (21 December 1928 – 4 July 2015) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, and at club level for Swinton and Oldham as a loose forward.

## Background

Gordon Haynes was born in Warrington, Lancashire, England. He played amateur rugby league for Latchford Albion before signing for Swinton.

## International honours

Gordon Haynes represented Great Britain while at Swinton in April 1956 against France (non-Test match) at Odsal Stadium, Bradford. Great Britain won 18-10 in front of a crowd of 10,453.
Along with William "Billy" Banks, Edward "Ted" Cahill, Keith Holliday, William "Billy" Ivison, Robert "Bob" Kelly, John McKeown, George Parsons and Edward "Ted" Slevin, Gordon Haynes' only Great Britain appearance came against France prior to 1957, these matches were not considered as Test matches by the Rugby Football League, and consequently caps were not awarded.
# Roger Lancaster (cricketer)

Roger Lancaster (born 4 February 1951) is a former English cricketer. Lancaster was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Biddulph, Staffordshire.
Lancaster made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship against Shropshrie. Lancaster played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1976 to 1979, which included 13 Minor Counties Championship matches. In 1976, he made his only List A appearance against Essex in the Gillette Cup. In this match, he scored 4 unbeaten runs and with the ball he took the wicket of Ken McEwan for the cost of 61 runs from 12 overs.
# Ludwig Wrede

Ludwig Wrede (28 October 1894 – 1 January 1965) was an Austrian figure skater in both pairs and singles skating.
He competed with Herma Szabo and won the World Championships in 1925 and 1927. They won the bronze in 1926. After Szabo retired, Wrede competed with Melitta Brunner, with whom he won the bronze medal at the 1928 Winter Olympics. The pair won two silvers and a bronze at the World Championships from 1928 through 1930. As a singles skater, Wrede won the silver medal at the European Championships in 1924 and a bronze in 1929, besides a bronze in the World Championships in 1929.

## Results
### Singles

International :
| Event | 1914 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 |
| Winter Olympics | | | | | | | | 8th | | |
| World Championships | | | 5th | 5th | 7th | 6th | 6th | 6th | 3rd | 5th |
| European Championships | 5th | | | 2nd | 5th | | | 4th | 3rd | |
| National |||||||||||
| Austrian Championships | | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | | | | | 2nd | 3rd |

### Pairs with Brunner

International :
| Event | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 |
| Winter Olympics | | | | 3rd | | |
| World Championships | | | | 3rd | 2nd | 2nd |
| National |||||||
| Austrian Championships | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | | 3rd | 1st |

### Pairs with Szabo

International :
| Event | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 |
| World Championships | 1st | 3rd | 1st |
| National ||||
| Austrian Championships | 1st | 1st | |
# 564

Year 564 (DLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 564 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Britain

* Cadoc, abbot of Llancarfan (Wales), settles in Weedon and is made bishop (approximate date).
* August 22 – Columba reports seeing the Loch Ness Monster at the River Ness (according to the "Life of St. Columba").

#### Mesoamerica

* Tulum, Maya walled city, on the Yucatán Peninsula (modern Mexico) is first mentioned on a stele inscription.

### By topic
#### Religion

* Samson of Dol, one of seven founder saints of Brittany, attends a council in Paris and witnesses several royal decrees (approximate date).

## Births

* Hermenegild, Visigoth prince (approximate date)
* Li Baiyao, Chinese official and historian (d. 647)

## Deaths

* Gao Bainian, crown prince of Northern Qi (b. 556)
* Laisrén mac Nad Froích, Irish monk and saint
* Petroc, Celtic prince and saint (approximate date)
* Tudwal, Breton monk and saint (approximate date)
# Surendra vivarna

Surendra vivarna, the acacia blue, is a species of lycaenid or hairstreak butterfly found in Sri Lanka, India and the Indonesian islands as far as Sulawesi.

## Range

Its range is similar to that of its genus, Surendra, except it is not recorded from China or the Philippines proper (where it is replaced by S. maniliana), but from Balabac, Palawan and the Calamian Islands.

## Description

   Upperside: both wings rather intense deep blue: primaries with the costa broadly, posterior margin more broadly, apex still more broadly black; secondaries with the blue limited to just over the median area, the rest of the wings black. Tails two, black, the longer one white-tipped. Underside : both wings very dark greyish brown: primaries with an obscure dark dot near the centre of the cell and a small dash closing it, costa with three dark dots; transverse blackish line curved irregularly and scalloped from the costa to the submedian nervure, a submarginal row of blackish dots, margin obscurely dark, internal area quite pale: secondaries with a small white spot about one-third along the costal nervure, below which is an obscure dark short dash in the cell; from two-thirds along the costa to the middle of the abdominal margin is a narrow, indefinite, obscure band of dark shading edged externally and sharply with white, a submarginal row of dark spots forming an almost lunular line; on each side of the long tail is a slight grey scaling.
   Upperside: both wings entirely dark brown. Underside as in the male, but decidedly paler.

## Subspecies

* Surendra vivarna amisena Hewitson, 1862, (South Burma, Thailand, Malaya, and Sumatra)
* Surendra vivarna palowna Staudinger, 1889, (Borneo)
* Surendra vivarna samina Fruhstorfer, 1904, (Sulawesi)
* Surendra vivarna agdistis Fruhstorfer (Nias)
* Surendra vivarna biplagiata Butler, 1883 (southern India)
* Surendra vivarna latimargo Moore, 1879 (Andamans)
* Surendra vivarna discalis Moore (Sri Lanka)

## Food plants

Fabaceae (Acacia, Albizia, Paraserianthes) and it is facultatively attended by various ants.
* About to emerge
* Wings enlarging
* Male, underside, North Sulawesi
* Male, upperside, North Sulawesi
* Female, underside, North Sulawesi
* Female, underside, North Sulawesi
* Female, upperside, West Brunei
* Male and female S.v.samina
* From the Courvoisier Collection, Basel, Switzerland
# Kevin Harkin

Kevin Harkin (born 30 January 1952) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Wide Bay Division, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (two spells), Sunshine Coast, York and Hull FC, as a stand-off or scrum-half.

## Background

Kevin Harkin's birth was registered in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.

## Playing career
### Representative appearances

Kevin Harkin played in Wide Bay Division's match against Great Britain in the 1974 Great Britain Lions tour tour match.

### Championship final appearances

Kevin Harkin played in Hull FC's 8–23 defeat by Widnes the Premiership Final during the 1981–82 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 15 May 1982, in front of a crowd of 12,100.

### Challenge Cup Final appearances

Kevin Harkin played stand-off in Hull FC's 14–14 draw with Widnes in the 1982 Challenge Cup Final during the 1981–82 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 1 May 1982, in front of a crowd of 92,147, but was replaced by Tony Dean played in the replay. He played stand-off (replaced by substitute Terry Day, following a collision with Featherstone Rovers' Terry Hudson) in the 12–14 defeat by Featherstone Rovers in the 1983 Challenge Cup Final during the 1982–83 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 7 May 1983, in front of a crowd of 84,969.

### County Cup Final appearances

Kevin Harkin played scrum-half in Hull FC's 18–7 victory over Bradford Northern in the 1982 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1982–83 season at Elland Road, Leeds on Saturday 2 October 1982.

### Players No.6/John Player Trophy Final appearances

Kevin Harkin played scrum-half in Wakefield Trinity's 11–22 defeat by Halifax in the 1971–72 Players No.6 Trophy Final during the 1971–72 season at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 22 January 1972, in front of a crowd of 7,975, and played as a substitute (replacing scrum-half Tony Dean) in Hull FC's 12–4 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers in the 1981–82 John Player Trophy Final during the 1981–82 season at Headingley, Leeds on Saturday 23 January 1982.

### Notable tour matches

Kevin Harkin played in York's 2-29 defeat by Australia at Clarence Street, York on Tuesday 14 November 1978, under temporary floodlights.

### Club career

During his time at Wakefield Trinity he scored fifteen 3-point tries and, one 4-point try.

## Genealogical information

Kevin Harkin is the cousin of the rugby league footballers; Paul Harkin and Terry Harkin.

## Honoured at York

Kevin Harkin is a York 'Hall of Fame' inductee.

## Outside rugby league

Kevin Harkin was the Landlord of The Weavers Arms, 33 Storrs Hill Road, Ossett, Wakefield.
# Watong

Watong is a village near Hawai, India town Anjaw district of Arunachal Pradesh.
# John Lamb (cricketer)

Henry John Hey Lamb (3 May 1912 – 5 February 1993) was an English cricketer. Lamb was a right-handed batsman who fielded occasionally as a wicket-keeper. He was born at Warkton, Northamptonshire.

## Career

Lamb made his first-class debut for Northamptonshire against Warwickshire in the 1934 County Championship. He made 37 further first-class appearances, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1938 County Championship. In his 38 first-class appearances, he scored 1,085 runs at an average of 16.95, with a high score of 91 not out. This score, which was one of four first-class fifties he made, came against Essex in 1936. He also captained Northamptonshire on occasion but was not the official club captain.

## Death

He died at Kettering, Northamptonshire, on 5 February 1993.
# Qibar

Qibar (alternatively spelled Qaybar, Qeibar or Qibare), officially called al-Hawa (Arabic: الهوى), is a village in northwestern Syria in the Afrin District of the Aleppo Governorate. The village is also known as Arshqibar (Arsha wa Qibar) as it absorbed the adjacent village of 'Arsha. It is located in the plain of Jouma (Guma) at an elevation of 360 meters above sea level. Nearby localities include Afrin city to the west and Maryamin to the west, while Aleppo is 40 kilometers to the northwest.
According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qibar had a population of 743 in the 2004 census. The population in 2016, during the Syrian Civil War, was estimated at over 6,000. In 2009, researcher Fermaz Gheribo recorded seventy Yazidi families in the village and author Sebastian Maisel asserts half of the families in the village are Yazidis. It serves as the traditional seat of the chief Yazidi family of the Afrin area, the Darwish clan. The name of the village was officially changed to "al-Hawa" during the Arabization campaign of President Hafez al-Assad during the 1970s.
The vicinity of Qibar contains abundant archaeological remains from ancient settlements and several caves containing ancient inscriptions. There are three nearby Yazidi shrines, namely the Cave of Cilmera, Melekadi Shrine and Hercerka Sheikh Huseyn Shrine. The village was the scene of a battle between the Byzantines and the Arabs which preceded the Battle of Azaz in 1030. The medieval Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned the village in his 13th-century work. For ten years during French Mandatory rule in Syria, a Yazidi school operated in Qibar with a Christian and a Yazidi teacher and a Yazidi religious instructor from Sinjar.