# Member states of UNESCO

As of July 2023, UNESCO members include 194 member states and 12 associate members. Some members have additional National Organizing Committees (NOCs) for some of their dependent territories. The associate members are non-independent states.
Three UNESCO member states are not UN member states: Cook Islands, Niue, and Palestine (Palestine is a non-member observer State of the United Nations General Assembly since 29 November 2012), while UN member states Israel and Liechtenstein are not UNESCO members. Israel and the United States left on 31 December 2018 asserting that the organization had an anti-Israel bias. The United States later reversed its decision in 2023, and was readmitted by the UNESCO General Conference that July.
Kosovo was approved for membership by UNESCO's executive board in 2015, but the proposal did not receive the required 2/3 of votes in favour at the general conference.

## Member states

The 194 UNESCO member states, as of July 2023, with the date on which they became members, are:
* Afghanistan (4 May 1948)
* Albania (16 October 1958)
* Algeria (15 October 1962)
* Andorra (20 October 1993)
* Angola (11 March 1977)
* Antigua and Barbuda (15 July 1982)
* Argentina (15 September 1948)
* Armenia (9 June 1992)
* Australia (4 November 1946)
* Austria (13 August 1948)
* Azerbaijan (3 June 1992)
* Bahamas (23 April 1981)
* Bahrain (18 January 1972)
* Bangladesh (27 October 1972)
* Barbados (24 October 1968)
* Belarus (12 May 1954)
* Belgium (29 November 1946)
* Belize (10 May 1982)
* Benin (18 October 1960)
* Bhutan (13 April 1982)
* Bolivia (13 November 1946)
* Bosnia and Herzegovina (2 June 1993)
* Botswana (16 January 1980)
* Brazil (4 November 1946)
* Brunei Darussalam (17 May 2005)
* Bulgaria (17 May 1956)
* Burkina Faso (14 November 1960)
* Burundi (16 November 1962)
* Cambodia (3 July 1951)
* Cameroon (11 November 1960)
* Canada (4 November 1946)
* Cape Verde (15 February 1978)
* Central African Republic (11 November 1960)
* Chad (19 December 1960)
* Chile (7 July 1953)
* China (4 November 1946)
** including separate NOC for Hong Kong
* Colombia (31 October 1947)
* Comoros (22 March 1977)
* Congo (24 October 1960)
* Cook Islands (25 October 1989)
* Costa Rica (19 May 1950)
* Côte d'Ivoire (27 October 1960)
* Croatia (1 June 1992)
* Cuba (29 August 1947)
* Cyprus (6 February 1961)
* Czech Republic (22 February 1993)
* Democratic Republic of the Congo (25 November 1960)
* Denmark (4 November 1946)
** including the territory of Greenland
* Djibouti (31 August 1989)
* Dominica (9 January 1979)
* Dominican Republic (4 November 1946)
* Ecuador (22 January 1947)
* Egypt (4 November 1946)
* El Salvador (28 April 1948)
* Equatorial Guinea (29 November 1979)
* Eritrea (2 September 1993)
* Estonia (14 October 1991)
* Eswatini (25 January 1978)
* Ethiopia (1 July 1955)
* Fiji (14 July 1983)
* Finland (10 October 1956)
* France (4 November 1946)
* Gabon (16 November 1960)
* Gambia (1 August 1973)
* Georgia (7 October 1992)
* Germany (11 July 1951)
* Ghana (11 April 1958)
* Greece (4 November 1946)
* Grenada (17 February 1975)
* Guatemala (2 January 1950)
* Guinea (2 February 1960)
* Guinea-Bissau (1 November 1974)
* Guyana (21 March 1967)
* Haiti (18 November 1946)
* Honduras (16 December 1947)
* Hungary (14 September 1948)
* Iceland (8 June 1964)
* India (4 November 1946)
* Indonesia (27 May 1950)
* Iran (6 September 1948)
* Iraq (21 October 1948)
* Ireland (3 October 1961)
* Italy (27 January 1948)
* Jamaica (7 November 1962)
* Japan (2 July 1951)
* Jordan (14 June 1950)
* Kazakhstan (22 May 1992)
* Kenya (7 April 1964)
* Kiribati (24 October 1989)
* North Korea (18 October 1974)
* South Korea (14 June 1950)
* Kuwait (18 November 1960)
* Kyrgyzstan (2 June 1992)
* Lao People's Democratic Republic (9 July 1951)
* Latvia (14 October 1991)
* Lebanon (4 November 1946)
* Lesotho (29 September 1967)
* Liberia (6 March 1947)
* Libya (27 June 1953)
* Lithuania (7 October 1991)
* Luxembourg (27 October 1947)
* Madagascar (10 November 1960)
* Malawi (27 October 1964)
* Malaysia (16 June 1958)
* Maldives (18 July 1980)
* Mali (7 November 1960)
* Malta (10 February 1965)
* Marshall Islands (30 June 1995)
* Mauritania (10 January 1962)
* Mauritius (25 October 1968)
* Mexico (4 November 1946)
* Federated States of Micronesia (19 October 1999)
* Moldova (27 May 1992)
* Monaco (6 July 1949)
* Mongolia (1 November 1962)
* Montenegro (1 March 2007)
* Morocco (7 November 1956)
* Mozambique (11 October 1976)
* Myanmar (27 June 1949)
* Namibia (2 November 1978)
* Nauru (17 October 1996)
* Nepal (1 May 1953)
* Netherlands (1 January 1947)
* New Zealand (4 November 1946)
* Nicaragua (22 February 1952)
* Niger (10 November 1960)
* Nigeria (14 November 1960)
* Niue (26 October 1993)
* North Macedonia (28 June 1993)
* Norway (4 November 1946)
* Oman (10 February 1972)
* Pakistan (14 September 1949)
* Palau (20 September 1999)
* Palestine (23 November 2011)
* Panama (10 January 1950)
* Papua New Guinea (4 October 1976)
* Paraguay (20 June 1955)
* Peru (21 November 1946)
* Philippines (21 November 1946)
* Poland (6 November 1946)
* Portugal (11 March 1965 – 31 December 1972; 11 September 1974 – present)
* Qatar (27 January 1972)
* Romania (27 July 1956)
* Russian Federation (21 April 1954)
* Rwanda (7 November 1962)
* Saint Kitts and Nevis (26 October 1983)
* Saint Lucia (6 March 1980)
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (15 February 1983)
* Samoa (3 April 1981)
* San Marino (12 November 1974)
* São Tomé and Príncipe (22 January 1980)
* Saudi Arabia (4 November 1946)
* Senegal (10 November 1960)
* Serbia (20 December 2000)
* Seychelles (18 October 1976)
* Sierra Leone (28 March 1962)
* Singapore (28 October 1965 – 31 December 1985; 8 October 2007 – present)
* Slovakia (9 February 1993)
* Slovenia (27 May 1992)
* Solomon Islands (7 September 1993)
* Somalia (15 November 1960)
* South Africa (4 November 1946 – 31 December 1956; 12 December 1994 – present)
* South Sudan (27 October 2011)
* Spain (30 January 1953)
* Sri Lanka (14 November 1949)
* Sudan (26 November 1956)
* Suriname (16 July 1976)
* Sweden (23 January 1950)
* Switzerland (28 January 1949)
** including separate NOC for Liechtenstein
* Syrian Arab Republic (16 November 1946)
* Tajikistan (6 April 1993)
* United Republic of Tanzania (6 March 1962)
* Thailand (1 January 1949)
* Timor-Leste (5 June 2003)
* Togo (17 November 1960)
* Tonga (29 September 1980)
* Trinidad and Tobago (2 November 1962)
* Tunisia (8 November 1956)
* Turkey (4 November 1946)
* Turkmenistan (17 August 1993)
* Tuvalu (21 October 1991)
* Uganda (9 November 1962)
* Ukraine (12 May 1954)
* United Arab Emirates (20 April 1972)
* United Kingdom (4 November 1946 – 31 December 1985; 1 July 1997 – present)
** including separate NOC for Bermuda
* United States (4 November 1946 – 31 December 1984; 1 October 2003 – 31 December 2018; 10 July 2023 – present)
** including separate NOCs for American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
* Uruguay (8 November 1947)
* Uzbekistan (26 October 1993)
* Vanuatu (10 February 1994)
* Venezuela (25 November 1946)
* Vietnam (6 July 1951)
* Yemen (2 April 1962)
* Zambia (9 November 1964)
* Zimbabwe (22 September 1980)
Currently Liechtenstein is not a member of UNESCO, but they have an NOC under Switzerland's membership.

### Former members

* Israel (16 September 1949 – 31 December 2018)
Both Israel and the United States withdrew claiming that the organization had an anti-Israel bias, with the United States moving to rejoin in 2023.

## Associate members

The 12 associate members of UNESCO and the date on which they became associate members:
* Åland Islands (9 November 2021)
* Anguilla (5 November 2013)
* Aruba (20 October 1987)
* British Virgin Islands (24 November 1983)
* Cayman Islands (30 October 1999)
* Curaçao (25 October 2011)
* Faroes (12 October 2009)
* Macau (25 October 1995)
* Montserrat (3 November 2015)
* New Caledonia (30 October 2017)
* Sint Maarten (25 October 2011)
* Tokelau (15 October 2001)

## Observers

There are 2 Permanent Observers and 10 intergovernmental organizations with Permanent Observer Missions to UNESCO.

### Non-member States

* Holy See

### Entities

* Sovereign Military Order of Malta

### Intergovernmental organizations

* African Union
* Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization
* Council of Europe
* European Union
* Inter-American Development Bank
* Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
* Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences
* Latin Union
* League of Arab States
* Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture
In addition, there is a liaison office of the United Nations University at UNESCO.