OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans Wilhelmsson Ahlmann

Hans Jakob Konrad Wilhelmsson Ahlmann (14 November 1889 – 10 March 1974) was a Swedish geographer, glaciologist, and diplomat.
Born in Karlsborg, Sweden, Ahlmann grew up in Stockholm. He studied with Professor Gerard De Geer at Stockholm University, and gained his doctorate in 1915 on a doctoral thesis on Sweden's Lake Ragundasjön. The same year, he became an associate professor of geography at the University of Stockholm. He was appointed Associate Professor of Geography at Uppsala University in 1920 and professor at the Stockholm University from 1929 until 1950.
He was a very active field worker and led an expedition to Nordaustlandet (North East Land) in the Svalbard archipelago in Norway in the spring of 1931. In 1934 he returned to Svalbard with Professor Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, this time to explore the glaciers on Vestspitsbergen. He examined the Vatnajökull (Vatna Glacier) in Iceland in 1936, and led in the winter of 1939–40 the Swedish-Norwegian study of glaciers in Greenland. In 1946, he led investigations of glaciers on Mount Kebnekaise in Sweden. He was one of the initiators of the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition in 1949–1952, and leader of the expedition's Swedish committee.
In 1937 he was awarded the Hans Egede Medal by the Royal Danish Geographical Society. He was elected to the Swedish Academy of Science in 1939 and in the same year awarded the Patron's Medal of the British Royal Geographical Society. During the 1940s, Ahlmann was an international authority on the relationship between climate and glacier size, concluding that the glaciers were retreating. He was awarded the Cullum Geographical Medal of the American Geographical Society in 1950. He was a member of several other scientific academies, among them the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
Ahlmann, whose Norwegian wife gave him a good network of contacts in Norway, was a member of the Swedish-Norwegian Association during World War II, and was the 1950–1956 Swedish ambassador in Oslo. From 1956 to 1960, he served as president of the International Geographical Union.

## Legacy

A number of geographical features are named after him:
* Ahlmannfonna Glacier on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard
* Ahlmann Glacier in Seligmanfjorden in Antarctica
* Ahlmann Ridge in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
# Sara R. Farris

Sara R. Farris is a sociologist at Goldsmiths, University of London. She is known for coining the term femonationalism, the use of feminist ideas to further racist, xenophobic, and aporophobic positions. Farris co-directs the PhD Program in the Department of Sociology at Goldsmiths and is the Chair of the Anti-Racism committee.

## Works
### Books

* Farris, Sara R. (2017). In the Name of Women's Rights: The Rise of Femonationalism. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822369745.
* Farris, Sara R. (2013). Max Weber's Theory of Personality: Individuation, Politics and Orientalism in the Sociology of Religion. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004254091.

### Academic articles

* Farris, Sara R. (November 20, 2012). "Femonationalism and the "Regular" Army of Labor Called Migrant Women". History of the Present. 2 (2): 184–199
* Farris, Sara R & Marchetti, Sabrina. (June 1, 2017). "From the Commodification to the Corporatization of Care: European Perspectives and Debates". Social Politics. 24 (2): 109–131 – via Oxford University Press.
* Farris, Sara R. (February 2015). "Migrants' Regular Army of Labour: Gender Dimensions of the Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Migrant Labor in Western Europe". The Sociological Review. 63 (1): 121–143 – via Sage Publications.

### News articles

* Farris, Sara R. (December 19, 2022). "Giorgia Meloni Is a Female Face for an Anti-Feminist Agenda". Jacobin. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
* Farris, Sara R. (February 10, 2019). "#MeToo Shows Sexism is not Men of Colour's Prerogative". Al-Jazeera. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
# Luke Scully

Luke Scully (born 28 February 2000) is a Welsh rugby union player, currently playing for United Rugby Championship side Ospreys as a fly-half and centre.

## Club career
### Early years and Worcester

Scully began his career with the Ospreys academy, before joining Worcester Warriors in 2018.

### Cardiff and Cornish Pirates

Scully signed his first professional contract for Cardiff Blues in February 2020, joining the side from Worcester Warriors at the end of the 2019–20 season.
He made his Cardiff Blues debut in Round 10 of the 2020–21 Pro14 against Ospreys.
He joined Cornish Pirates in 2021 on a loan, but was injured early in his stint and only featured four times for the side.
Scully departed Cardiff at the end of the 2021–2022 season.

### Ospreys

He linked up with the Ospreys during the 2022–2023 preseason, featuring in a friendly against Northampton. Scully made his competitive debut off the bench against the Bulls on 26 November 2022.
While with the Ospreys, Scully has played for feeder club Swansea RFC.
Scully signed an extension with the Ospreys on 10 July 2023. Scully signed further extension on 26 February 2024.

## International career
### Wales U18 and U20

In 2018, Scully was part of the Wales U18 team.
Scully featured for Wales U20 during the 2020 Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
# Marc Thomas (rugby union)

Marc Thomas (born 15 July 1990) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays in the prop forward position.
Thomas previously played for Bridgend RFC and the Ospreys. On 4 May 2016, Thomas joined RFU Championship club Jersey Reds from the 2016–17 season. However, on 3 February 2017, Thomas left the club with immediate effect to join Welsh region Cardiff Blues back in the Pro12.
On 24 July 2017, Thomas returned to the English Championship with Yorkshire Carnegie prior to the 2017–18 season.
He joined rival Championship club Doncaster Knights ahead of the 2019–20 season. Thomas joined Harlequins on a short-term deal for the end of the 2020 and subsequently at the end of that deal, signed with Worcester Warriors for the start of the 2020–21 season.
# David Maddocks

David 'Dai' Maddocks (born 20 January 1983, in Haverfordwest) is a Welsh Under 21 international rugby union player. A prop forward, he made 26 appearances for the Welsh regional team Newport Gwent Dragons and also represented the Scarlets. He previously played for Llanelli RFC, Bedwas RFC, Coventry RFC and Newport RFC.
Maddocks joined Jersey in June 2010 and was released by the club in May 2012
# Dewi Cross

Dewi Cross (born 6 December 1999) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays for Cardiff RFC as a winger.
Cross made his debut for the Ospreys in 2018 against Gloucester having previously played for the Ospreys academy.
# Duarte/City of Hope station

Duarte/City of Hope station is an at-grade light rail station on the A Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system. It is located at the intersection of Duarte Road and Highland Avenue in Duarte, California, after which the station is named, along with the City of Hope National Medical Center located across the street from the station.
This station opened on March 5, 2016, as part of Phase 2A of the Gold Line Foothill Extension Project.

## History

The 1886 Duarte train station was the terminal station for the original trains for the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad. The Metro A Line uses the old right of way of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad who built the first train tracks and 1886 station in Duarte. The Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad was founded in 1883, by James F. Crank with the goal of bringing a rail line to San Gabriel Valley from downtown Los Angeles. Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad was sold on May 20, 1887, into the California Central Railway. The California Central Railway built a Duarte train depot in 1897. In 1889 the rail line and station was consolidated into Southern California Railway Company. On January 17, 1906, Southern California Railway was sold to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and called the Pasadena Subdivision. Amtrak-Santa Fe ran the Southwest Chief and Desert Wind over this line in Duarte, but relocated the Desert Wind to the Fullerton Line in 1986. The Santa Fe line served the San Gabriel Valley until 1994, when the 1994 Northridge earthquake weakened the bridge in Arcadia and the track was closed until the light rail line was built.

## Service
### Hours and frequency

A Line service hours are from approximately 4:30 a.m. and 11:45 p.m daily. Trains operate every 8 minutes during peak hours, Monday to Friday. Trains run every 10 minutes, during midday on weekdays and weekends, from 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Night and early morning service is approximately every 20 minutes every day.

### Connections

As of December 15, 2024, the following connections are available:
* Foothill Transit: 272, 861 (Duarte eBus)
# Expedition of Kaʽb ibn ʽUmair al-Ghifari

An expedition by Kaʽb ibn ʽUmair al-Ghifari (كعب بن عمير الغفاري) to Dhat Atlah, took place in July 629 AD, 8AH, 3rd month, of the Islamic Calendar.

## Expedition

According to the Muslim Scholar Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Muhammad received some information that the Banu Quda‘a (Tribe of Quda'a) had gathered a large number of men to attack the Muslim positions. So Muhammad despatched Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari al-Ansari at the head of 15 men to deal with this situation to a location beyond Wadi al-Qura (part of Syria).
They encountered the warriors, and called them to accept Islam, but the polytheists refused and showered the Muslims with arrows killing all of them except one (who pretended to be dead) who was carried back home later seriously wounded to tell Mohammed what had happened.
Muhammad was upset by this and planned an expedition to avenge his followers. The plan was cancelled when Muhammad learnt that the enemy had deserted the place.
# The Community of Scholars

The Community of Scholars is a 1962 book about higher education by Paul Goodman with his observations on its function and proposals for its future.
The book influenced the free university experiments of the 1960s counterculture.
# 1972–73 IIHF European Cup

The 1972–73 European Cup was the eighth edition of the European Cup, IIHF's premier European club ice hockey tournament. The season started in October 1972 and finished on August 20, 1974.
The tournament was won by CSKA Moscow, who beat Brynäs IF in the final

## First round

| Team #1 | Score | Team #2 |
| EC KAC | 2–10, 3–9 | SG Dynamo Weißwasser |
| Düsseldorfer EG | 11–5, 5–3 | HC Chamonix |
| HDD Olimpija Ljubljana | 2–2, 5–5 (3–1 PS) | HK CSKA Sofia |
| Tilburg Trappers | 5–1, 6–3 | SG Cortina |
| Hasle/Løren IL | 2–5, 3–6 | Podhale Nowy Targ |
| Ferencvárosi TC | w/o | HC La Chaux-de-Fonds |
Dukla Jihlava,
Ilves : bye

## Second round

| Team #1 | Score | Team #2 |
| Tilburg Trappers | 3–7, 1–8 | Düsseldorfer EG |
| Podhale Nowy Targ | 4–3, 0–9 | SG Dynamo Weißwasser |
| HDD Olimpija Ljubljana | 3–0, 5–6 | Ferencvárosi TC |
| Dukla Jihlava | w/o | Ilves |

## Third round

| Team #1 | Score | Team #2 |
| SG Dynamo Weißwasser | 4–2, 1–3 (0–1 PS) | Dukla Jihlava |
| Düsseldorfer EG | 5–3, 3–2 | HDD Olimpija Ljubljana |
Brynäs IF,
CSKA Moscow : bye

## Semifinals

| Team #1 | Score | Team #2 |
| Brynäs IF | 7–3, 2–2 | Düsseldorfer EG |
| CSKA Moscow | 6–0, 3–1 | Dukla Jihlava |

## Final

| Team #1 | Score | Team #2 |
| Brynäs IF | 2–6, 2–12 | CSKA Moscow |
# Claremont Landscape Garden

Claremont Landscape Garden, just outside Esher, Surrey, England, is one of the earliest surviving gardens of its kind of landscape design, the English Landscape Garden — still featuring its original 18th-century layout. The garden is Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

## History

Originally created for Claremont House, it represents the work of some of the best known landscape gardeners, such as Charles Bridgeman, Capability Brown, William Kent and Sir John Vanbrugh.
Work on the gardens began around 1715 and by 1727 they were described as "the noblest of any in Europe". Within the grounds, overlooking the lake, is an unusual-turfed amphitheatre, which used to form the centrepiece of an annual event called the Claremont Fête champêtre. Hundreds of visitors descended on Claremont, most in costume (each year has a different theme) to enjoy four days of music, theatre and fireworks.

## Stewardship

Also within the grounds is the Belvedere Tower, designed by Sir John Vanbrugh for the Duke of Newcastle. The tower is unusual in that what appear to be windows, are actually bricks painted black and white. It is now owned by Claremont Fan Court School, which is situated alongside the gardens.
In 1949 the landscape garden was donated to the National Trust for stewardship and protection. Initially it was managed by Esher Urban District Council, who could do little more than basic maintenance and grass-cutting. In 1974, the National Trust took back control of the site and a pioneering restoration programme was launched in 1975 following a significant donation by the Slater Foundation.

## Gallery

* Belvedere Tower
* The amphitheatre
* The amphitheatre from the lake
* View of the lake

## Transport

The entrance to the garden is directly off the A307, Portsmouth Road. Buses from Kingston on Thames, Esher and Guildford stop nearby. The road originally ran closer to the lake but Robert Clive had it moved further north to its present alignment in 1771.
# Norma Maynard-Marshall

Norma E. Maynard-Marshall is a lawyer practising in Trinidad and Tobago. She became the first woman admitted to practice in Barbados in January 1962.
She was born Norma Maynard in Barbados and articled with the firm of Haynes and Griffith from 1955 to 1961. In December 1961, she received final certification from the Law Society of England and Wales and was admitted to practice in January the following year. She practised with Haynes and Griffith until June 1964. She married Rupert Marshall and soon afterwards moved to Trinidad. She practised there as a legal assistant from 1965 to 1973 with the firm Laurence Narinesingh and Co.; she was finally admitted to practice in Trinidad and Tobago in December 1973. She opened her own law practice in 1975. In 2012, she was named Senior Counsel for Trinidad and Tobago.
# Haddada, Boumerdès

Haddada, also known as Ihaddadene, is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

## Location

The village is situated near the Meraldene River, Isser River, and Boumerdès River. It is surrounded by the towns of Beni Amrane and Thénia in the Khachna mountain range.
# Giotto Morandi

Giotto Giuseppe Morandi (born 4 March 1999) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Grasshopper in the Swiss Super League.

## Professional career

Morandi is a youth product of Ascona, Bellinzona, Lugano and Grasshopper. He made his professional debut for Grasshopper in a 4-0 Swiss Super League loss to FC Basel on 3 February 2019. He signed on loan with Schaffhausen in the second half of the 2019–20 season. He renewed his contract with Grasshopper on 12 February 2020.
In February 2021, he suffered an injury to his cruciate ligament and was out of action for the remainder of the season. In October 2021, he returned to the squad and by March 2022, he played his first minutes in the first team since his injury. On 2 April 2022, he was in the starting lineup in the derby against FC Zürich, where he also shot the only goal for Grasshoppers in the 1–1 draw, his first ever goal in the highest Swiss league. He quickly established himself as a mainstay in the first team's lineup for the remainder of the season. On 17 June 2022, he renewed his contract at Grasshoppers until summer 2025 before the start of the new season.
On 26 September 2023, he gave his 100th appearance for Grasshoppers, in the 1–2 defeat to FC Zürich in the Zürich Derby.

## Personal life

Morandi's father, Davide, is a former footballer and coach in Switzerland. Morandi promised him his jersey after shooting his first Super League goal.
# Bo Asplund

Bo Asplund served as United Nations Secretary-General’s Deputy Special Representative for Afghanistan, the United Nations Resident Coordinator and the Humanitarian Coordinator in Afghanistan. He was appointed to the position by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in August 2007.
Asplund obtained his master's degree in international economics from Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs and master's and bachelor's degrees in economics, political science and statistics from the University of Lund (Sweden). He also holds a Certificat d’Etudes Politiques from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris.
In the beginning of his career, he worked for the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Swedish Government in Stockholm. He was also posted to Chile and the Swedish Mission to the United Nations.
Besides his diplomatic experience, Asplund has worked in various capacities for international organizations. He has served as Deputy Assistant Administrator of UNDP’s Regional Bureau for Arab States at the Organization's Headquarters in New York, United Nations Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative in Algeria, and UNDP Senior Deputy Resident Representative in the Sudan. From 2001 to 2007, he was the United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Resident Representative in Indonesia. Between 1998 - 1999, he was director of Program Management Division of Oil-for-Food program in New York.
# Dead Boys (novel)

Dead Boys is a science fiction novel by British writer Richard Calder, first published in 1994.
The novel is the second in Calders 'Dead' trilogy, and is set six months after the events described in the novel Dead Girls.

## Synopsis and influences

Richard Calder declared:
   I was certainly influenced by the New Wave...The idea, for instance, that SF could go anywhere and appropriate the stylistic and cultural concerns of writers like William Burroughs...In other words, the New Wave encouraged a belief that SF could be radical and experimental literature.

## Reception

Calder declared about his novels:
   There are those who enthusiastically embrace them, and there are those who regard them with an unremitting enmity about that. I am philosophical about that.
A reviewer for Kirkus Reviews wrote that this book is:
   A thoroughly unpleasant piece of business
The review in Publishers Weekly stated:
   At the heart of the novel lies a critique of Western capitalism and sexual politics, of how they dehumanize and homogenize all they touch. But it is often difficult to see this point for the prose. Calder's penchant for allusive wordplay redolent with references to B-movies and other SF stories produces scintillating dialogue, but it deteriorates into obfuscatory self-indulgence when characters are left alone to ruminate on their fates, or on the universe's entropic decline.
# Sparkle (soundtrack)

Music from the Warner Bros. Picture "Sparkle" is a soundtrack album and twenty-fourth studio album by American singer Aretha Franklin, written and produced by Curtis Mayfield. Released on May 27, 1976, the disc is the soundtrack album for the 1976 Warner Bros. motion picture Sparkle, starring Irene Cara. The songs on the soundtrack feature the instrumental tracks and backing vocals from the film versions, with Franklin's voice taking the place of the original lead vocalists.
This album returned Aretha to Gold status after two low-selling albums. The first single release, "Something He Can Feel", was a No. 1 R&B hit for her and reached No. 28 on the Billboard Hot 100. However, it was Aretha's only Pop Top 40 hit during the second half of the 1970s. "Something He Can Feel" was nominated for the Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female Grammy at the 1977 Grammy Awards. The album itself reached the Top 20 of Billboard's main album chart and was certified Gold for US sales of over 500,000 copies. In 2009, it was reissued on Rhino Records' budget Flashback Records label. The songs "Something He Can Feel" and "Hooked on Your Love" were covered by En Vogue on their 1992 multi-platinum hit album Funky Divas.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B |
| Rolling Stone | (not rated) |

## Original LP release

All tracks are written by Curtis Mayfield

## Charts

| Chart (1976) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 18 |
| U.S. Billboard Top R&B Albums | 1 |
Singles
| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
| 1976 | "Something He Can Feel" | Billboard Hot 100 | 28 |
| 1976 | "Something He Can Feel" | Hot Soul Singles | 1 |
* Curtis Mayfield, Phil Upchurch, Gary Thompson - guitars
* Rich Tufo, Floyd Morris - keyboards
* Quinton Joseph - drums
* Henry Gibson - congas, cowbell
* Lucky Scott - bass
# Emma Clark (garden designer)

Emma Clark is a British garden designer, historian, and author. She specialises in designing Islamic gardens.

## Life

Clark is the great-granddaughter of the former British prime minister, Herbert Asquith. She developed an interest in Islamic gardens while studying under Keith Critchlow at the Royal College of Art in London. She is a convert to Islam.
Clark designed the "Carpet Garden," inspired by two Turkish carpets at Highgrove House, with Charles, Prince of Wales, and Mike Miller for the Highgrove gardens.
She was approached by Muslim scholar Timothy Winter to design the Islamic gardens at the Cambridge Central Mosque, Europe's first eco-friendly mosque. The garden was inspired by the Quranic depiction of heaven.
Clark is also an instructor at The Prince's School of Traditional Arts.

## Publications

* The Art of the Islamic Garden (Crowood Press, 2004)
* Mehmet the Conqueror with illustrations by Laura de la Mare (Hood Hood Books, 1997)
* Underneath Which Rivers Flow: the Symbolism of the Islamic Garden (Prince of Wales's Institute of Architecture, 1996)
* Sinan: Architect of Istanbul with illustrations by Emma Alcock (Hood Hood Books, 1996)
# Kansha!!!!! – Thank You for 20 Years New and Best

Kansha!!!!! – Thank You for 20 Years New and Best (感謝!!!!! – Thank You for 20 Years New and Best) is the fourth greatest hits album by Japanese-American singer-songwriter Ai. It was released on November 6, 2019, through EMI Records and Universal Music Group. Released in two physical configurations, disc one contains three new songs and six re-recorded gospel tracks of her previous hit singles while disc two contains material previously not available outside of Asia. The album served as Ai's first international compilation release.
Kansha!!!!! – Thank You for 20 Years New and Best debuted and peaked at number 29 on the Japan Oricon weekly albums chart, charting for nine weeks.

## Background and release

To celebrate her twenty-year anniversary in the music industry and the then upcoming 2020 Summer Olympics, Ai traveled to Los Angeles, California to record new material, which later was revealed to be It's All Me, Vol. 1 (2020) and It's All Me, Vol. 2 (2021). While recording new material, Ai recorded gospel arrangements of her previously released hit singles. Recording too many songs, the staff of Ai's label, EMI Records, decided to split her recordings into different releases.
The album was announced by Universal on September 17, 2019 along with a series of projects by Ai. The album was teased in a video posted by Ai on her social media, including the album cover, title and tracks later that month.

## Promotion

To promote the album, Ai embarked on a national tour in Japan with a gospel choir from November 2019 to December 2019.

## Commercial performance

Kansha!!!!! – Thank You for 20 Years New and Best debuted and peaked at number 29 on the Japan Oricon weekly albums chart for the week of November 18, 2019. The album continued to stay on the chart for nine weeks. On the Billboard Japan Hot Albums chart, the album debuted and peaked at number 28.

## Track listing

Credits adapted from Tidal and official album profile. All tracks written by Ai Uemura unless noted.

## Charts

Chart performance for Kansha!!!!! – Thank You for 20 Years New and Best :
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 29 |
| Japanese Combined Albums (Oricon) | 28 |
| Japanese Digital Albums (Oricon) | 34 |
| Japanese Hot Albums (Billboard Japan) | 29 |