OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Democratic Alliance (Mauritania)

The National Democratic Alliance (Arabic: التحالف الوطني الديمقراطي, romanized: at-taḥāluf al-waṭani ad-dīmuqrāṭi, French: Alliance nationale démocratique, AND) is a centrist political party in Mauritania. It became the fifth largest political party of the country after the 2018 parliamentary elections. The AND backs the administration of Mohamed Ould Ghazouani and is part of the Coordination of Parties of the Majority.
As of 2023, the party has 6 seats in the National Assembly of Mauritania.

## History

The party was created in January 2016 after Yacoub Ould Moine, ex-MP for the Rally of Democratic Forces (RFD), left the party and applied to register a new party called "Democratic Alliance" in December 2015, although the party got its current name when registered.
The party is considered to represent the Moine family and to have been created by Ould Moine due to the refusal of Ahmed Ould Daddah, leader of the RFD, of a dialogue with the government that doesn't have previously set conditions and in order to get closer to the administration of Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, although the party remained first as part of a "moderate opposition".
The party emphasizes the need for "national unity" and "social peace of the Nation" being untouchable lines and supports strengthening the country's institutions.
During the 2023 parliamentary elections, the AND party won six seats.

## Electoral performance
### National Assembly

National Assembly :
| Election | Party leader | National list | National list | Seats | +/– | Government |
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 2018 | Yacoub Ould Moine | 22,148 | 3.15% | 4 / 146 | 4 | Support |
| 2023 | Yacoub Ould Moine | 32,027 | 3.30% | 6 / 176 | 2 | Support |
# Fridhemsplan

Fridhemsplan is a square at the intersection of Fridhemsgatan and Drottningholmsvägen in the districts of Kungsholmen and Marieberg in Stockholm, Sweden.

## Description

The name Fridhemsplan was given 1935, after the major street Fridhemsgatan crossing the area. Before that, the area was simply known as Kungsholmen toll station. At Fridhemsplan metro station, the blue and the green lines of the Stockholm Metro intersect. The green line had a station on Fridhemsplan, and in 1975, the blue line was completed.
The adjacent shopping mall, Västermalmsgallerian, was inaugurated on 23 August 2002. It targets young middle-class customers of the surrounding area. The shopping centre is in a renovated building from the 1970s and replaced the underground "square" at the intersection of Sankt Eriksgatan and Fleminggatan Streets. Fridhemsplan now also has a major STF hostel.
# Egertorget

Egertorget is a pedestrian mall located at the intersection of Karl Johans gate and Øvre Slottsgate in Oslo, Norway.

## History

Egertorget is a square which arose around 1840 where Karl Johans gate and Øvre slottsgate crossed each other alongside Stabellkroken. Both Stabellgården and Egergården were torn down in order to tie the streets together. The square derived it name from brothers Herman Eger (1816–1883) and Thorvald Eger (1827–1901), brewers who had owned the displaced Egergården.
Egertorget has one of the entrances to Stortinget Station of the Oslo Metro. Egertorget square is a retail shopping area. Many outdoor cafes wreathe the square, with Presseklubben and 3 brødre being the most well-known. In summer, Egertorget is also home to many street musicians and jugglers.

## Gallery

* Horngården in Egertorget at Øvre Slottsgate and Karl Johans gate
* Brødrene Hallèns hanskeforretning at Øvre Slottsgate
* Bokhandelen Ark at . Øvre Slottsgate 23 on the corner with Karl Johans gate
* Freia clock at Egertorget square
# Amot Atrium Tower

The Amot Atrium Tower (Hebrew: מגדל אמות אטריום) is an office skyscraper on Jabotinsky Street near the Diamond Exchange District in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel. It is a 40 story tower and 158 meters tall. The tower’s construction was completed at the end of 2015.

## Characteristics and history

The tower was designed by Moshe Tzur Architects. Despite the height of the tower, it is only 40 floors, so that every floor is higher than usual, approximately 3.8 meters. The total floor area is 74,000 square meters and includes 8 underground parking lot floors 30 meters deep.
Until 2007 and before the tower was built, the site was owned by the Tara cooperative and their historic structure of the dairy. That year Amot Investments purchased the lot. In the beginning of 2015 the tower reached its maximum height and at the end of the year its construction was completed.
Amot Atrium Tower is certified LEED Platinum, the first Israeli skyscraper to get this distinction. Part of its facade is the tallest curtain wall system in the world.
# Fairbank Memorial Park

Fairbank Memorial Park is a park located in the neighbourhood of Fairbank in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

## Description

The park's official address is 2213 Dufferin Street. It is bordered on the west by Dufferin Street, on the north by Keywest Avenue, and on the south by Gibson Street. It consists of 9.1 acres (3.7 ha) of ground, which contains the Fairbank Memorial Community Recreation Centre. It is home to Fairbank Outdoor Pool, a swimming pool that is run by the City of Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation West Toronto York District Aquatics Department. The facility consists of a baby pool, a large pool, and an eating area. The pool fits a capacity of 250 patrons which including a maximum of 50 in the baby pool area. The park also has a playground, an open athletic field for sports like rugby or soccer, and athletic courts for baseball, basketball, and bocce.
The park is situated in a ravine with steep slopes, often used in winter by locals for sledding and tobogganing. However, with the current construction of the Fairbank-Silverthorn Storm Trunk Sewer System, the park is boarded up in areas that do not allow for this winter activity. The park still remains open to residents despite construction.

## Development scandal

In the late 1980s, Fairbank Park became embroiled in a major political scandal. Several politicians, including City of York deputy mayor Tony Mandarano, became involved in a secret deal with land developer Lou Charles. Mandarano received more than $100,000 in bribes, and York Council member Jim Fera received $341,000; in exchange, they agreed to speak in favour of Charles's development plans during council meetings, the most prominent of which involved tearing down Fairbank Park and selling the land to Charles so that he could construct condominiums on the site.
Councilwoman Frances Nunziata leaked material to the press illustrating irregularities in the process, leading to a police investigation of several local politicians. Six of the eight council members losing their seats in the 1991 election. Mandarano received a sentence of 15 months in prison in a plea bargain, while Fera accepted an 18-month sentence in a similar deal.
The decision to sell part of the park before redesignating the land for residential development was illegal, as it did not follow the City of York's Official Plan. In addition, the public input on the proposed project was limited and the public's support of the new condominiums was debatable.
# Mila Nikolich

Mila Nikolich (also spelled Nikolić, born 7 April 1971), is a Serbian former professional basketball player. She played for the Abilene Christian Wildcats at the collegiate level. Later, she played for the Houston Comets of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), with who she won a WNBA championship with. She then played for the Portland Fire.

## Career

Nikolich college basketball in the United States for the Abilene Christian Wildcats. She later played professional basketball. During the 1998–99 season, she played professional basketball in the Canary Islands.
She went undrafted in the WNBA Draft, but was signed by the Houston Comets in the midst of their dynasty at the beginning of the WNBA's history. She played for the Comets in 1999, winning the 1999 WNBA Finals with them. A forward, she saw little playing time during the season. She played seven games for the Comets, averaging 1.4 points per game.
On 28 January 2000, the Comets traded her to Portland Fire for Coquese Washington. She never played for the Fire, and would play professional basketball in various European countries during her career, including in Spain, Poland, Russia, and France; she also played in South Korea. Outside of the WNBA, she developed a reputation as a scorer, having led many competitions in scoring. In 2000, she played professional basketball for WBC Ramat HaSharon of the EuroLeague Women competition. She then played the 2000–01 season for Lotos Gdyni. In 2003, she played for Ros Casares. She played for Serbia in the 2002–03 EuroCup Women tournament. In 2003, she also played for Liga Femenina's CB Puig d'en Valls. Her contract with the team was terminated in January 2004.

## Career statistics

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | TO | PPG |
| 1999 | Houston | 7 | 0 | 4.1 | .364 | .250 | .500 | .7 | .1 | .0 | .0 | .4 | 1.4 |
| Career | 1 year, 1 team | 7 | 0 | 4.1 | .364 | .250 | .500 | .7 | .1 | .0 | .0 | .4 | 1.4 |
# Leonardo City Tower Hotel

Leonardo City Tower Hotel (Hebrew: מלון לאונרדו סיטי טאואר) is a skyscraper in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat Gan, Israel, and the tallest hotel (although it also contains residential apartments). It was the tallest building in Ramat Gan from its construction in 2000, until 2001, when it was surpassed by the Moshe Aviv Tower.

## History

The Leonardo City Tower was constructed from a design that won first place in a competition. The construction rate of the tower was incredibly quick with one story every five days, without failure. The building was completed in 2000 and operated as a Sheraton until 2009 when it joined the Leonardo chain. The building also contains 200 apartments which boast the benefits of hotel service.

## Apartments

The 200 apartments in the tower can access the hotel service from below, in addition to their own entrance to the building through a mini-mall. The facade is covered with granite and marble.

## Hotel

The Leonardo City Tower hotel operates on fourteen of the forty-two floors of the tower. Under the instructions of Sheraton, there is no thirteenth floor in the building, so the hotel operates from floors four to eighteen. The hotel has 167 guest units, including a Smart Presidential Suite, 31 Smart Executive Suites, 69 Smart Rooms and 66 Deluxe Rooms. The Sheraton City Tower was the first 5-star hotel in Ramat Gan.

## In popular culture

* An Israeli soap opera called City Tower is supposedly set in the building. The show was shown on local TV.
# Addiscombe railway station

Addiscombe railway station was a terminus to the east of central Croydon, on Lower Addiscombe Road between Hastings Road and Grant Road. The East India Way housing development stands on the site.

## History

Opened by the Mid-Kent Railway, it was part of the South Eastern Railway, which became part of the Southern Railway at the Grouping of 1923. Addiscombe station was built with three platforms with extensive canopies, a fairly large station building and concourse, but the station was slowly run down after the Second World War.
After nationalisation in 1948 the line became part of the Southern Region of British Railways.
In 1956 platform 3 was closed and removed, and the goods yard closed in 1968. Later regular through trains to London were withdrawn and the service reduced to a shuttle service to and from Elmers End. In 1993 the carriage depot was closed and around the same time the station became unstaffed with a PERTIS ticket machine outside the entrance.
When sectorisation was introduced, the station was part of Network SouthEast until the privatisation of British Rail, which Connex South Eastern took over. During its last years it received the station code "ACM" and was in travelcard zone 5.
When the signal box was burnt down in 1996, the line was reduced to a single track operation and only platform 2 was used. The last train (an enthusiasts' railtour) was on the evening of Saturday 31 May 1997, which also visited the West Croydon–Wimbledon line, also closed that day.
The station was closed in preparation for the construction of Tramlink, opening in 2000 along the former line from Elmers End to Woodside, then following the line towards Sanderstead, which had closed in 1983. Addiscombe tram stop is half a mile to the east.
The station was demolished in 2001 and the site was used for the East India Way housing development – named after the East India Company Military Seminary which was located nearby. All that survives are sections of the walls formerly supporting the canopy and station buildings. Part of the line beyond has become Addiscombe Railway Park. There had been a bid for the station to house a working railway museum, which Croydon Council opposed.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Woodside | Network SouthEast Addiscombe branch | Terminus |
# Daniel Di Tomasso

Daniel di Tomasso (born 30 January 1983) is a Canadian actor. In 2013, he began starring as a series regular in the television drama series Witches of East End, as Killian Gardiner. Di Tomasso also appeared on Beauty and the Beast, Grimm, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Timeless and the Amazon original series Good Girls Revolt. From 2016 through 2018, he joined the series Major Crimes as Detective Wes Nolan. In 2018 he appeared on Chicago Fire series. In 2019 and 2020, he appeared as Fletcher Myers in The CW reboot series Dynasty, and the Netflix show Ratched. He has also been cast in the shows The Republic of Sarah and Y: The Last Man, and in French Exit.
Before acting, he had a successful career as an international male model, shooting campaigns for a range of clients, including Armani collezioni and Giorgio Armani face cream, Vichy face cream, L’Oréal, Azzaro perfume and many more.
Di Tomasso was born and raised in Montreal. He speaks English, French and Italian.

## Filmography

| Year | TV | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | Beauty and the Beast | Zeke | Episode 1.01 "Pilot" |
| 2013 | CSI: Crime Scene Investigation | Santo | Episode 13.20 "Fearless" |
| 2013–2014 | Witches of East End | Killian Gardiner Henry Bobby Edgar Allan Poe | 23 episodes |
| 2015 | How Sarah Got Her Wings | Hank | Film |
| 2016 | Grimm | Mark Nelson | Episode 5.15 "The Believer" |
| 2016 | Blood is Blood | Crew | Film |
| 2016 | Timeless | Noah | 4 episodes |
| 2016 | Good Girls Revolt | Chad | 2 episodes |
| 2016–2018 | Major Crimes | Detective Wes Nolan | Series regular 20 episodes |
| 2018–present | Chicago Fire | Lieutenant Zach Torbett | Recurring role |
| 2019 | Brooklyn Nine-Nine | Young Gio Costa | Episode 6.02 "Hitchcock & Scully" |
| 2019–2020 | Dynasty | Fletcher Myers | Recurring role |
| 2020 | The Good Doctor | Zane Lumet | 1 episode |
| 2020 | Ratched | Dario Salvatore | 1 episode |
| 2020 | French Exit | Tom | Film |
| 2021 | The Republic of Sarah | Weston | |
| 2021 | Y: The Last Man | Mike | |
# Van 't Hoff factor

The van 't Hoff factor i (named after Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff) is a measure of the effect of a solute on colligative properties such as osmotic pressure, relative lowering in vapor pressure, boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression. The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. For most non-electrolytes dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is essentially 1.
For most ionic compounds dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is equal to the number of discrete ions in a formula unit of the substance. This is true for ideal solutions only, as occasionally ion pairing occurs in solution. At a given instant a small percentage of the ions are paired and count as a single particle. Ion pairing occurs to some extent in all electrolyte solutions. This causes the measured van 't Hoff factor to be less than that predicted in an ideal solution. The deviation for the van 't Hoff factor tends to be greatest where the ions have multiple charges.
The factor binds osmolarity to molarity and osmolality to molality.

## Dissociated solutes

The degree of dissociation is the fraction of the original solute molecules that have dissociated. It is usually indicated by the Greek symbol $\alpha$. There is a simple relationship between this parameter and the van 't Hoff factor. If a fraction $\alpha$ of the solute dissociates into $n$ ions, then
    $i=1+\alpha (n-1).$
For example, the dissociation KCl ⇌ K$^+$ + Cl$^−$ yields $n=2$ ions, so that $i=1+\alpha$.
For dissociation in the absence of association, the van 't Hoff factor is: $i>1$.

## Associated solutes

Similarly, if a fraction $\alpha$ of $n$ moles of solute associate to form one mole of an n-mer (dimer, trimer, etc.), then
    $i=1-\left(1-{\frac {1}{n}}\right)\alpha .$
For the dimerisation of acetic acid in benzene:
    2 CH$_3$COOH ⇌ (CH$_3$COOH)$_2$
2 moles of acetic acid associate to form 1 mole of dimer, so that
    $i=1-\left(1-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\alpha =1-{\frac {\alpha }{2}}.$
For association in the absence of dissociation, the van 't Hoff factor is: $i<1$.

## Physical significance of i

* When solute particles associate in solution, i is less than 1. For example, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid (ethanoic acid) or benzoic acid form dimers in benzene, so that the number of solute particles is half the number of acid molecules.
* When solute particles dissociate in solution, i is greater than 1 (e.g. sodium chloride in water, potassium chloride in water, magnesium chloride in water).
* When solute particles neither dissociate nor associate in solution, i equals 1 (e.g. glucose in water).
The value of i is the actual number of particles in solution after dissociation divided by the number of formula units initially dissolved in solution and means the number of particles per formula unit of the solute when a solution is dilute.

## Relation to osmotic coefficient

This quantity can be related to the osmotic coefficient g by the relation: $i=ng$.
# Shizumanu Taiyō

Shizumanu Taiyō (沈まぬ太陽) (lit. The Never-setting Sun) is a 2009 Japanese film directed by Setsurō Wakamatsu. It is also known as The Unbroken in the United States.
Shizumanu Taiyō is based on a novel by Toyoko Yamasaki which centers on Hajime Onchi, an employee of "NAL," a large national airline. The first part of the novel focuses on Onchi's activity as the chairman of the employees' union in the 1960s; his reward for fighting for better working conditions for the staff is a series of postings abroad, to Pakistan, Iran, and finally Kenya, a destination to which the company does not even fly. The second and third parts of the novel take place in 1985 and chronicle the crash of a jumbo jet and its aftermath within the company.
The events portrayed in the story are based upon actual events that took place at Japan Airlines. The character of Onchi is based upon JAL labor organizer and author Hirotaro Ogura, and the pivotal crash portrayed in the novel is based closely upon the crash of Japan Air Lines Flight 123 (up to having the same flight number and taking place at the same location, date and time). Several politicians and JAL executives portrayed in the story are also based on real-world counterparts. JAL objected strongly to both the novel and the film, stating that they were defamatory to the airline and disrespected the victims of the actual Flight 123. The novel claims to be a work based upon real-life events, while the film claims to be entirely a work of fiction.
The cast of the film includes Ken Watanabe as Onchi, with Kōji Ishizaka, Kyōko Suzuki, Yasuko Matsuyuki and Tomokazu Miura in supporting roles. The violininst Diana Yukawa, whose father died in the real-world crash of JAL Flight 123, was involved in the music for the film.
The premiere was on 24 October 2009 in Ginza. Yukawa performed "Little Prayer", the track she recorded for the film.

## Awards and nominations

34th Hochi Film Award
* Won: Best Film
* Won: Best Actor - Ken Watanabe
33rd Japan Academy Prize
* Won: Best Film
* Won: Best Actor - Ken Watanabe

## Cast

* Ken Watanabe as Hajime Onchi
* Tomokazu Miura as Shiro Gyoten
* Teruyuki Kagawa as Kazuo Yagi
* Kyōka Suzuki as Ritsuko Onchi
* Erika Toda as Junko Onchi
* Go Kato as the prime minister Yasushi Tonegawa (based on Yasuhiro Nakasone)
* Nenji Kobayashi as the deputy prime minister Takemaru (based on Shin Kanemaru)
* Tōru Shinagawa as Issei Ryuzaki (based on Ryūzō Sejima)
* Kōji Ishizaka as Masayuki Kunimi
* Tae Kimura as Natsuko Suzuki
* Yasuko Matsuyuki as Miki Mitsui
# Sideridis reticulata

Sideridis reticulata, commonly known as the bordered Gothic, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm, from the Iberian Peninsula throughout Europe and the temperate regions of Central Asia and the Russian Far East. In the north it occurs in Fennoscandia south of the Arctic Circle. In the south it ranges to the Mediterranean. It rises to over 2000 metres above sea level in the Alps.

## Technical description and variation

The wingspan is 32–37 mm. Forewing dark fuscous, with a purplish sheen when fresh; all the veins white, between outer and submarginal lines black with pale outlines; claviform stigma black and broad; upper stigmata concisely outlined with pale, the reniform with a central pale line; a slight pale apical streak; submarginal line white; hindwing fuscous, the basal half, especially in male, considerably paler; — unicolor Alph. is said to have no violet tinge; but this is always the case when the insect has been out for any length of time.

## Biology

The moth flies from May to August depending on the location.
Larva greenish or pinkish ochreous, irrorated (speckled) with darker; dorsal line faint; lateral lines black and well-marked; head brown. The larvae feed on Saponaria officinalis, Silene vulgaris and Polygonum aviculare.
The species has disappeared from the United Kingdom as a resident species during the first decade of the 21st century.
* Habitat