OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trams in Wuppertal

The Wuppertal tramway network served Wuppertal, Germany for 114 years until its closure in 1987.

## History

The first horse-drawn tram line opened between what were then the twin cities of Barmen and Elberfeld in 1873. The network was expanded and electrified with overhead wires starting in 1896. The tram network was operated by a number of companies and starting in 1901 had to compete with the Wuppertal Suspension Railway for passengers travelling east-west through the region. In 1925 Barmen and Elberfeld merged to form the city of Wuppertal and in 1940 the numerous tram operators were consolidated into a single system. By 1948, Wuppertal's tram network was the 6th most extensive in all of Germany and had a total route length of 175 km (109 mi).
After the introduction of public buses, tram lines in Wuppertal were gradually discontinued until the entire system was closed on 30 May 1987.

## Routes

In its last decade in operation, the Wuppertal tram network consisted of 5 tram lines as outlined below.
| Line | Route | Length |
| 601 | Wieden – Lenneper Straße | 15.3 km (9.5 mi) |
| 602 | Barmen Clinic – Weiherstrasse | 5.9 km (3.7 mi) |
| 606 | Elberfeld Railway Station – Weiherstrasse | 7.0 km (4.3 mi) |
| 608 | Barmen Clinic – Dieselstraße | 8.1 km (5.0 mi) |
| 611 | Gabelpunkt – Dieselstraße | 13.6 km (8.5 mi) |
# Knud Merrild

Knud Merrild Nielsen (10 May 1894 – 31 December 1954) was a Danish painter, sculptor and ceramicist.

## Life

Merrild was born in Selling, Ødum parish, in Favrskov Municipality. He worked in ceramics with the potter G. A. Eifrig at the Københavns Lervarefabrik in Valby. He was part of the circle around the avant-garde art magazine Klingen and was a friend of Vilhelm Lundstrøm. In 1921 he emigrated to the United States, where he lived in many different places, including with D. H. Lawrence in Taos, New Mexico, from 1922 to 1923, and was also a friend of the American writer Henry Miller. He later wrote about both of them. Merrild eventually settled in Los Angeles in 1927, where he remained until he returned to Denmark in 1954. He died in Copenhagen in the same year.
He submitted work for the art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics and the 1932 Summer Olympics.

## Written works

* A Poet and Two Painters: a Memoir of D. H. Lawrence, George Routledge, London, 1938
* With D. H. Lawrence in New Mexico. A Memoir of D. H. Lawrence, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., London, 1964 (reissue of the 1938 book)
* All the Animals in the Zoo - about Henry Miller, Village Press 1973 (originally published in California in 1945 as part of wider collection of artists' reminiscences about Miller)
# Smujji

Smujji is a British reggae/dancehall singer.
He appeared on FYA's 2004 single "Must Be Love" which was a No. 13 hit on the UK Singles Chart. His own single, "K.O.", reached No. 43 in the UK. Together with FYA, he appeared as part of Bliss magazine's 2004 Rock and Shop tour. He was also a support act for American musician Usher in the Truth Tour.
Smujji's debut album, True Colours was released in 2005 on Jamdown UK and Reservoir Records (Japan). A solo version of "Must Be Love" by Smujji appears on the album.

## Discography
### Albums

* True Colours (2005), Jamdown/Reservoir
* Ghetto Silk (2007), Jamdown
* Ultimate Smujji (compilation) (2013), Jamdown

### Singles

* 2004: "Must Be Love" (with FYA) – UK No. 13
* 2004: "K.O." – UK No. 43
* 2005: "Waiting for a Girl Like You"
* 2006: "Let Yourself Go"
* 2006: "Hol 'Em High" (with Busy Signal)
* 2007: "Take It Off" (with Ce'cile)
# Petrovsky Boulevard

Petrovsky Boulevard, (Russian: Петровский Бульвар), is a major boulevard in Moscow. It begins at the Petrovsky Gates Square (Petrovka Street) and ends at Trubnaya Square, completing the link of Boulevard Ring between Strastnoy Boulevard and Rozhdestvensky Boulevard.
The boulevard (as well as Petrovka Street and Petrovsky Gates) is named after Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. Apart from the monastery, there is still a fairly high (but shrinking) share of genuine 19th century buildings.

## Gallery

* Former high school
* Former hotel at Petrovsky Gates
* Lunin House
* More facadist replicas
* More facadist replicas
* More facadist replicas
55°46′04″N 37°37′03″E﻿ / ﻿55.7677777878°N 37.61750001°E﻿ / 55.7677777878; 37.61750001
* This Moscow location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Hjalmar Brantings Plads

Hjalmar Brantings Plads is a square between Stockholmsgade and Oluf Palmes Gade in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is named for the Nobel Peace Prize-winning former Swedish prime minister Hjalmar Branting.

## History

The square is situated at the former site of a reduit outside Copenhagen's East Rampart. A plan for redevelopment of the area was created when the city's bastioned fortifications were decommissioned in the 1850s. The site was initially intended for a new church but the Isaiah Church was ultimately built a little further to the west. The old site was instead laid out as a public space with the name Stockholms Plads. It was renamed Hjalmar Brantings Plads in 1925.

## Design

The shape of the square has been determined by the shape of the bastion that was formerly located at the site and remains of it has been reused in the design of its central garden complex.

## Buildings

The building is to the northeast and southwest flanked by high-end apartment buildings. They were both built in 1894-97 to design by Andreas Clemmensen. Grant Thornton is based at No. 1.
The square is to the northwest separated from the Cemetery of Holmen by a row of large villas. No. 6 is built in the National Romantic style with exposed timber framing on the upper floor. The company
Peter Jahn & Partnere is now based in the building. No. 8 was built for the industrialist M. A. Heegaard in 1899-1901 to design by Ulrik Plesner. Dansk Told- og Skatteforbund, a labour union for civil servants in the tax and customs administration, is headquartered in the building.

## Public art

A bronze statue of a bear by Lauritz Jensen is located on the square.
# Bertel Thorvaldsens Plads

Bertel Thorvaldsens Plads (English: Bertel Thorvaldsen's Square) is a public square located in front of Thorvaldsens Museum on Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The two other sides of the triangular space are defined by the rear of Christiansborg Riding Grounds and Vindebrovej, the street along the Slotsholmen Canal which separates Slotsholmen from Gammel Strand.

## History

When Thorvaldsens Museum was first built in 1848, its architect, Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll, also sketched a project for a square in front of it. Inspired by the at that time newly built Alte Museum which he had seen on his visit to Berlin in 1824, he proposed a round stone basin filled with water in front of the museum. Another inspiration was the antique basins he had seen in Rome, which were used as fountains in the city. Bindesbøll's plans also included a replica of Bertel Thorvaldsen's self-portrait statue and some benches. The rest of the square was to be left empty. Bindesbøll's project was never realised and instead the square was laid out with a lawn and beech trees.
In 2001 the square was remodelled by landscape architect Torben Schønherr.

## Bertel Thorvaldsens Plads today

The square is paved with large cobblestones and a single tree and a reflecting pool are the only ornamental features. The pool is designed by Jørn Larsen and has a diameter of 16 metres and a geometrical pattern characteristic of his style.
The square is sometimes used for markets.
# Mark Blenkarne

Mark Adrian Blenkarne (born 7 October 1957) is a male retired archer who competed for Great Britain and England.

## Early life

His father Tony worked for the British Insurance Association. He lived on Elmlea Avenue in Henbury.
He studied Law at Lanchester Polytechnic.

## Archery career

He competed with Dennis Savory from Cambridgeshire. Two of the four archers at Moscow, himself and Christine Harris, were at Cleve Archers at Cleve RFC.
Blenkarne represented Great Britain in the 1980 Summer Olympics. He represented England and won a gold medal in the men's individual event, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
# Bruno Simões (Portuguese footballer)

Bruno Miguel Pinheiro Simões (born 3 September 1995) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Oliveirense as a midfielder.

## Football career

On 20 August 2014, Simões made his professional debut with Trofense in a 2014–15 Taça da Liga match against Aves.
# João Pedro (footballer, born 1980)

João Pedro Lima Santos (born 15 August 1980), known as João Pedro, is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a left back.
He played 155 matches in the Segunda Liga during seven seasons, scoring a combined eight goals for Leça, Estoril, Gil Vicente and Penafiel. He added 67 appearances in the Primeira Liga, in a 17-year senior career.

## Club career

Born in Vila Nova de Famalicão, Braga District, João Pedro spent the better part of his youth career with FC Porto. His senior debut occurred in the second division, with Leça FC.
In the following years, João Pedro alternated between the second and the third levels. From 2002 to 2004 he achieved consecutive promotions with G.D. Estoril Praia, contributing with 69 games and three goals in the process; he played his first match in the Primeira Liga also with that team, in a 0–0 home draw against Rio Ave F.C. on 29 August 2004 where he featured the full 90 minutes.
For 2005–06, following his team's relegation, João Pedro signed with Gil Vicente F.C. also in the top tier. He scored once from 28 appearances during the season, again dropping down a level but now due to irregularities.
After one year in the Cypriot First Division with Ethnikos Achna FC, João Pedro returned to Barcelos, again promoting to the top flight in 2011 but failing to play in a single league match during the campaign due to a knee injury. The 33-year-old returned to the second division on 17 June 2013, joining F.C. Penafiel on a one-year contract.
Subsequently, João Pedro competed in the lower leagues with former clubs F.C. Famalicão and C.D. Trofense.

## Honours
### Estoril

* Segunda Liga: 2003–04
* Portuguese Second Division: 2002–03
# André de Witte

André de Witte (31 December 1944 – 25 April 2021) was a Roman Catholic bishop, originally from Belgium. He served as the Bishop of Ruy Barbosa, Bahia in northeastern Brazil from 1994 to retirement in 2020.

## Life

André De Witte was born into a farming family in the village of Scheldewindeke, in the intensively developed countryside to the south of Ghent. He was the third child of Armand and Agnes de Witte (born Agnes Delbeke, 1906–1983).
He undertook his studies for the priesthood in response to the call of Pope Pius XII in the encyclical Fidei donum, attending the College for Latin America in Leuven (Louvain) where he was ordained on 6 July 1968. During the next few years he worked as an agricultural engineer in Leuven (Louvain). In 1973 he embarked on a two-year interneeship for the priesthood in Zwijndrecht.
At the end of January 1976 de Witte left for Brazil, arriving on 12 February. For the next 18 years he worked in the rural parish of Inhambupe in the newly formed Roman Catholic Diocese of Alagoinhas. During this period he served as an episcopal vicar for the Sertão, spiritual director of the seminarians, diocesan coordinator of the rural region and vicar general.
On 8 June 1994, André de Witte was nominated as the fourth bishop of the diocese of Ruy Barbosa: on 28 August he was consecrated by the Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia, Cardinal Lucas Moreira Neves, OP. Principal co-consecrators were the bishops Jaime Mota de Farias and, from Belgium, Arthur Luysterman. Bishop de Witte embarked on his episcopal mission on 18 September 1994, taking as his episcopal motto, "Cristo Sempre" (Always in Christ).
Between 1995 and 2003 de Witte served as chairman of the SPM (Serviço Pastoral dos Migrantes). He also became the president of the Juazeiro-based IRPAA (Instituto Regional da Pequena Agropecuária Apropriada). In addition, he represented the Roman Catholic church in the CESE (Coordenadoria Ecumênica de Serviços).
In 2000 Ruy Barbosa and Ghent became sister dioceses.
In 2015 Dom André was elected vice-chair of the Country Commission("Comissão Pastoral da Terra" / CPT) of the Brazilian bishops.
André De Witte died on 25 April 2021, in the hospital at Salvador (Bahia). He was 76.
# Stefan Bailey

Stefan Kyon Lloyd Bailey (born 10 October 1987, in Brent, London) is an English semi-professional footballer who plays for Kempston Rovers.

## Career

Bailey made his professional debut towards the end of the 2004–05 season at the age of 17, coming off the bench for Queens Park Rangers (QPR) in a Championship match away to Sheffield United. His premature call up was due to a lengthy injury list to Ian Holloway's side, but Bailey impressed with some strong tackles, good turns and an array of impressive passes.
The following two seasons saw Bailey feature more regularly, but he failed to hold down a regular first team place, despite some promising displays.
On 12 October 2007, he was signed by Oxford United on a one-month loan, where he made three appearances in the Conference Premier.
Following his release from QPR, Bailey signed a one-year contract for Grays Athletic on 19 June 2008. He was transfer listed by the club in January 2009, with financial pressures and manager Wayne Burnett's plans being cited as the reason. Bailey was sent out on loan to Farnborough in March 2009.
Ebbsfleet United signed Bailey in August following a successful trial. He made his debut against Stevenage Borough on 18 August in Ebbsfleet's 3–0 away loss in the Conference Premier. Bailey was released by Ebbsfleet in the summer of 2010 and went on to sign an initial short-term contract with Conference North club AFC Telford United.
Bailey has since had spells with Kettering Town, two spells with Banbury United as well as a stint with Havant & Waterlooville. He then went on to sign for Isthmian Football League side Wealdstone and also had two spells with Dunstable Town.
After a spell at Wealdstone, Bailey re-signed for his second spell at Southern Football League Premier Division side Arlesey Town for the 2014–15 season, the side managed by Rufus Brevett.
Bailey went on to play for AFC Dunstable, Bovingdon, Barton Rovers and Kempston Rovers.
# SICOM Radio

SICOM Radio is the state radio network of the Mexican state of Puebla. It broadcasts on 8 transmitters in the state with most content originating from the state capital in Puebla. It and SICOM Televisión form part of the Spanish: Sistema de Información y Comunicación (Information and Communication System, SICOM).

## History

XHCOM received its permit in 1997. The state received the original permits for the seven other stations in 2002. The repeaters branded as their locality name and FM (for instance, Puebla FM, Tehuacán FM, Acatlán FM) until the system was renamed Sistema Estatal de Telecomunicaciones (State Telecommunications System, SET). In 2023, the original SICOM name was restored after a state government study found that eight out of ten residents surveyed across 21 municipalities continued to call the state network SICOM.

## Transmitters

| Callsign | Frequency | City | ERP |
| XHCOM-FM | 105.9 | Santa Isabel Cholula/Puebla | 10 kW |
| XHEUH-FM | 93.1 | Tehuacán | 15 kW |
| XHAOP-FM | 95.3 | Acatlán de Osorio | 2 kW |
| XHCPCM-FM | 98.9 | Huauchinango | 5.6 kW |
| XHCPCL-FM | 107.5 | Izúcar de Matamoros | 2 kW |
| XHLIB-FM | 95.9 | Libres | 15 kW |
| XHTEZ-FM | 90.9 | Teziutlán | 2 kW |
| XHZTP-FM | 105.3 | Zacatlán | 2 kW |
# Ernan

Ernan (variants include Ernain, Ernin, Ethernanus) is the name of four Irish saints.

## Ernan, son of Eogan

Ernan, son of Eogan, died around 640. Mentioned in the Martyrology of Tallaght on 1 January, he was a nephew of Columba and sometime missionary to the Picts. His monastery in Ireland was at Druim-Tomma in the district of Drumhome, County Donegal. He is venerated as the patron saint of Killernan, though he may not have visited Scotland and also as patron of the parish of Drumhome, where a school has been dedicated to him. Kilviceuen ("church of the son of Eogan") in Mull, and of Kilearnadale in Jura, may have been dedicated in his honor. In the Scottish Kalendars, his commemoration is assigned to 21 and 22 December.

## Ernán, abbot of Hinba

Ernán, abbot of Hinba lived in the sixth century. An uncle of Columba, Ernán was one of the twelve who accompanied Columba from Ireland to Iona. He was appointed head of the community which Columba had established on the island of "Hinba". This island may have been Canna, about four miles northwest of Rùm, but it may also have been Jura or Eileach an Naoimh, one of the Garvellachs, between Scarba and Mull. St Ernan's Kirk, Aridhglas, Isle of Mull, is dedicated to him.
According to Columba's biographer, Ernán was only abbot for a few days. In the story recorded, he was told by his nephew before leaving to Hinba that he did not expect to see him again in this life, and several days later, Ernán became sick and went back to Iona to see his nephew, according to his own wish. When Columba was told his uncle had returned, Columba happily went out to meet him in the harbour, but when they were only 50 yards distant, Ernán fell down dead.

## Ernan of Cluvain-Deoghra

Ernan of Cluvain-Deoghra lived in the sixth or seventh century. Cluvain-Deoghra may have been in Meath or in County Longford. He was an acquaintance of Féchín of Fore. Ernan's feast day falls on 11 January in the Martyrology of Tallagh.

## Ernan of Torach

Ernan of Torach died on 17 August c. 650. Columba had founded a church and monastery on island of Torach or Tory, off the northwest coast of Donegal. it is uncertain whether Ernan accompanied Columba initially to Torach, but he was chosen to be its abbot. Of him, the Catholic Encyclopedia states: "It has been conjectured that this Ernan is identical with the Ernan whose name appears in the epistle of John, the pope-elect, to the prelates of northern Ireland in 640. If this be so, he must have been a person of some importance."
# Valdis Zeps

Dr. Valdis Juris Zeps (May 29, 1932 in Daugavpils, Latvia – July 25, 1996 in Riga, Latvia) was a Latvian-American linguist and college professor.

## Early life and family

His parents, Jāzeps and Anna Zeps, were World War II refugees. In 1944, he fled the Soviet occupation of Latvia with his parents and brother, Aivars Zeps. They arrived first in the displaced persons camp of Lubeck, Germany, then, after receiving sponsorship, arrived in the United States in 1949.
Valdis married Betty Reel Shuford, a costume designer, in 1957. Their children are Dace, Valdis, Barbara, and William; grandchildren, Sandra, Andrew, Guntis, Monika, and Leo; great grandchild, William.

## Career

Valdis studied at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and received his doctorate in linguistics] and sociology from Indiana University Bloomington in 1961. He became a professor of linguistics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1963. He was widely published, in over 130 publications and journals, on such topics as Latvian folksong metrics, the Latvian language, and Latgalian exile literature. He wrote Ķēves dēls Kurbads (partial text at ) under the pseudonym Jānis Turbads. In 1984, he published The placenames of Latgola: A dictionary of East Latvian toponyms.
In the 1990s, Valdis also served with distinction as a member of the Hocąk Wazijaci Language & Culture Program board in Mauston, Wisconsin, working with members of the Ho-Chunk Nation to navigate the many options for a new Hocąk language spelling system. In 1994 he compiled a large lexicon of the Hocąk language, which came to be fondly known as the "Zepsicon."
# Gray's Anatomy for Students

Gray's Anatomy for Students is an anatomy textbook inspired by the famous Gray's Anatomy (Grey's Anatomy) and aimed primarily at medical students. The textbook has been praised for its innovative illustration style, which emphasizes clarity and a conceptual approach to learning. The text aims to display the basic concepts for chiropractic, dental, medical, and physical therapy students.
Gray's Anatomy was used as the major reference, both for the text and the illustrations.
# Reginald Brooks-King

Reginald Brooks-King (27 August 1861 – 19 September 1938) was a Welsh archer. He was born in Dixton, Monmouth, Wales, to James Pearce King and Katherine Bagnall. He won the silver medal in the men's double York round at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Brooks-King shot a 393 in the first round of the competition, held in London. This put him in second place, 10 points behind leader William Dod halfway through the event. On the second day of shooting, Brooks-King hit a 375 to take fourth place on the day but second place overall with 768 points, well behind Dod but 8 points ahead of Henry B. Richardson in third.

## Biography

Reginald Brooks-King was one of seven children born to James Pearce King and Katherine Bagnall in Dixton, Monmouth. Reginald was a student at King's College, London, studying engineering and applied sciences from 1880 to 1882. From 1886 to 1887, he was the second draughtsman in the drawing office of W.G Bagnall. He married Jessie Bagnall in January 1893 and together they had two children, Morrice Brooks-King and Edith Marian Brooks-King. He played minor counties cricket for Wiltshire in the 1903 Minor Counties Championship, making two appearances. Reginald died in 1938 in Devon, United Kingdom.
# Heat release parameter

In combustion, heat release parameter (or gas expansion parameter) is a dimensionless parameter which measures the amount of heat released by an adibatic combustion process. It is defined as
    $q={\frac {T_{ad}-T_{u}}{T_{u}}}$
where
* $T_{ad}$ is the adiabatic flame temperature
* $T_{u}$ is the unburnt mixture temperature.
In typical combustion process, $q\approx 2-7$. For isobaric combustion, using ideal gas law, the parameter can be expressed in terms of density, i.e.,
    $q={\frac {T_{ad}-T_{u}}{T_{u}}}={\frac {\rho _{u}-\rho _{ad}}{\rho _{u}}}.$
The ratio of burnt gas to unburnt gas temperature is
    ${\frac {T_{ad}}{T_{u}}}=1+q.$

## Gas expansion ratio

The gas expansion ratio is simply defined by
    $r={\frac {\rho _{u}}{\rho _{b}}}$
which is related to $\alpha$ by $r=1+q.$
# Magda Šaturová

Magda Šaturová-Seppová (4 July 1929 – 10 September 2016) was a Slovak Esperantist and translator, who translated several Slovak books to Esperanto and authored multiple Esperanto-Slovak dictionaries. In 2004, at the 89th World Esperanto Congress in Beijing, she was elected a Honorary Member of the Universal Esperanto Association. She also translated books from Esperanto, English and Hungarian to Slovak.
Šaturová studied English literature at the Comenius University, graduating in 1952. She was fluent in Slovak, Hungarian, German, English, French and, of course, Esperanto. She was married to a fellow esperantist František Šatura. They had three children.