OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oscar Acosta (baseball)

Oscar Carlos Acosta (March 21, 1957 – April 19, 2006) was an American professional baseball player and pitching coach. After playing five seasons in the minor leagues, he became a minor league coach with several organizations. He had first joined the New York Yankees organization in 1996, spending three seasons as the pitching coach at Triple-A Columbus (1996–98). He spent three seasons as a major league pitching coach with the Chicago Cubs (2000-01) and the Texas Rangers (2002).
Acosta and another minor league coach were killed in an automobile accident while working for the Yankees in the Dominican Republic.

## Biography

Acosta was born on March 21, 1957, in Portales, New Mexico. He played in the minors from 1978 to 1982. He debuted with the Helena Phillies, going 0–1 with a 9.00 ERA in five appearances. In 1979, he pitched for the Peninsula Pilots and had a career year, with a 10–7, 3.04 season. He finished 9th in the Carolina League in ERA. Returning to Peninsula in 1980, he only pitched in 9 games, going 2–0 with a 3.55 ERA, 2 saves and a shutout. He resurfaced in the 1982 Mexican Baseball League, posting a 0–3, 6.75 record for the Plataneros de Tabasco to complete his career.
Acosta began coaching in the Texas Rangers organization with the Butte Copper Kings in 1988. He coached the Gastonia Rangers (1989), GCL Rangers (1990, 1993), Tulsa Drillers (1991) and Oklahoma City 89ers (1992). Moving to the Chicago Cubs' organization, he then coached the Daytona Cubs (1994) and GCL Cubs (1995). Next he coached the Columbus Clippers (1996–1998) for the New York Yankees. He managed the Cubs Class A Lansing Lugnuts in the Midwest League in 1999, and was then promoted to the major league level, serving as the pitching coach for the Chicago Cubs. Acosta was with the Cubs in 2000 and 2001; in his second year, the team's pitching staff reduced its ERA by more than a run and recorded a league-high strikeout total. However, Acosta did not get along well with manager Don Baylor; he resigned after the 2001 season and served as the pitching coach for the Texas Rangers in 2002.
Acosta served as international coordinator of instruction as well as manager of the Gulf Coast Yankees of the Yankees' Gulf Coast team in Tampa since 2004, guiding the team to the Gulf Coast League championship in his final two seasons. Acosta resided in Florida.

## Death

Acosta and a colleague, Humberto Trejo, were killed in an automobile accident on April 19, 2006, while working in the Dominican Republic with the New York Yankees minor league system. Acosta had a wife and three children.
His son, Ryan, was drafted by the Chicago Cubs in the 2007 amateur draft.
# 1926–27 Challenge Cup

The 1926–27 Challenge Cup was the 27th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.

## First round

| Date | Team one | Score one | Team two | Score two |
| 12 Feb | Batley | 32 | Cottingham | 5 |
| 12 Feb | Broughton Rangers | 18 | Castleford | 5 |
| 12 Feb | Dearham | 5 | Dewsbury | 20 |
| 12 Feb | Featherstone Rovers | 14 | Barrow | 0 |
| 12 Feb | Halifax | 37 | Bramley | 5 |
| 12 Feb | Hull FC | 6 | St Helens Recs | 5 |
| 12 Feb | Hull Kingston Rovers | 22 | Keighley | 3 |
| 12 Feb | Hunslet | 10 | Bradford Northern | 5 |
| 12 Feb | Oldham | 8 | Salford | 0 |
| 12 Feb | Rochdale Hornets | 8 | Leigh | 2 |
| 12 Feb | Swinton | 11 | Huddersfield | 2 |
| 12 Feb | Wakefield Trinity | 13 | Wigan Highfield | 5 |
| 12 Feb | Warrington | 3 | Leeds | 12 |
| 12 Feb | Widnes | 23 | Pontypridd | 2 |
| 12 Feb | Wigan | 51 | Pemberton Rovers | 11 |
| 12 Feb | York | 9 | St Helens | 3 |

## Second round

| Date | Team one | Score one | Team two | Score two |
| 26 Feb | Batley | 7 | Featherstone Rovers | 0 |
| 26 Feb | Hull FC | 29 | Broughton Rangers | 15 |
| 26 Feb | Hunslet | 3 | Oldham | 15 |
| 26 Feb | Leeds | 13 | Wigan | 3 |
| 26 Feb | Rochdale Hornets | 0 | Hull Kingston Rovers | 14 |
| 26 Feb | Swinton | 10 | York | 8 |
| 26 Feb | Wakefield Trinity | 7 | Halifax | 2 |
| 26 Feb | Widnes | 2 | Dewsbury | 2 |
| 01 Mar | Dewsbury | 13 | Widnes | 2 |

## Quarterfinals

| Date | Team one | Score one | Team two | Score two |
| 12 Mar | Dewsbury | 7 | Hull Kingston Rovers | 2 |
| 12 Mar | Leeds | 5 | Oldham | 11 |
| 12 Mar | Swinton | 19 | Hull FC | 2 |
| 12 Mar | Wakefield Trinity | 10 | Batley | 6 |

## Semifinals

| Date | Team one | Score one | Team two | Score two |
| 02 Apr | Dewsbury | 0 | Swinton | 10 |
| 02 Apr | Oldham | 7 | Wakefield Trinity | 3 |

## Final

In the Challenge Cup tournament's final Oldham faced Swinton. It was the first radio broadcast of the Challenge Cup final by the BBC. Oldham won 26-7 in the final played at Wigan in front of a crowd of 33,448. This was Oldham’s fourth consecutive appearance in the final and their second win in that period. It was their seventh overall appearance in a Challenge Cup final and their third success overall.
# HD 89345 b

HD 89345 b is a Neptune-like exoplanet that orbits a G-type star. It is also called K2-234b. Its mass is equivalent to 35.7 Earths, it takes 11.8 days to complete one orbit of its star, and is 0.105 AU away from its star. It was discovered by a team of 43 astrophysicists, one of which was V. Van Eylen, and was announced in 2018.

## Overview

The exoplanet HD 89345 b, which has a mass of 0.1 M$_J$ and a radius of 0.61 R$_J$, was assigned to the class of ocean planets. The parent star of the planet, which is about 5.3 billion years old, belongs to the spectral class of G5V-G6V. It is 66 percent larger and 22 percent more massive than the Sun, and is located 413 light-years away. The effective temperature of the star is 5609 K. Considering that HD 89345 b makes one revolution around the star in 11.8 days at a distance of 0.11 AU, this planet was described by researchers as a warm subterranean with an equilibrium temperature of 1059 K.

## Discovery

HD 89345 b, a Saturn-sized exoplanet orbiting a slightly evolved star HD 89345, was discovered in 2018 using the transit photometry method, the process that detects distant planets by measuring the minute dimming of a star as an orbiting planet passes between it and the Earth. It is the only planet orbiting around HD 89345, a G5 class star, situated in the constellation of Leo in 413 light-years from the Sun. This star is aged 9.4 billion years. HD 89345 b orbits its star in about 12 terrestrial days in an elliptical orbit. The orbit is closer to the star than the inner limit of the habitable zone. It has a low density and can be composed of gas.
Its parent star, HD 89345, is a bright star (apparent magnitude 9.3) observed by the K2 mission with one-minute time sampling. It exhibits solar-like oscillations. The data is collected by asteroseismology, which enables to determine the parameters of the star and find its mass and radius. Its mass is 1.12$^{+0.04}$ $_{−0.01}$ M$_☉$ and its mean radius is 1.657$^{+0.020}$ $_{−0.004}$ R$_☉$. The star appears to have recently left the main sequence, based on the inferred age, 9.4$^{+0.4}$ $_{−1.3}$ Gyr, and the non-detection of mixed modes. The star hosts a "warm Saturn" with an orbital period of approximately 11.8 days and a radius of 6.86±0.14 R$_🜨$. Radial-velocity follow-up observations performed with the FIES, HARPS, and HARPS-N spectrographs show that the planet has a mass of 35.7±3.3 M$_🜨$. The data also show that the planet's orbit is eccentric ($e\thickapprox 0.2$).
# Maghreb place name etymology

The place names of the Maghreb come from a variety of origins, mostly Arabic and Berber, but including a few derived from Phoenician, Latin, and several other languages. This is well illustrated by the three largest cities of Algeria, for instance: Algiers from Arabic al-jazâ'ir "the islands", Oran from Wahran from Berber wa-iharan "place of lions", and Constantine (Arabic Qasantina قسنطينة) from the Latin name of the emperor Constantine.
The following toponymic elements are common in place names in the Maghreb:
* agadir, granary. Berber, from Phoenician gader
* aghbal أغبال, spring. Berber
* adrar أدرار, mountain. Berber
* âin عين, pl. âyoune عيون, spring. Arabic
* aït or ath آيت, sons of. Berber
* âzib عزيب, settlement (originally, especially military.) Arabic
* azrou أزرو, stone. Berber
* beni بني, sons of. Arabic
* berkane بركان, black. From Berber aberkan.
* bordj برج, fort. Arabic, from Latin
* bou بو, place of (literally "father of"). Maghreb Arabic and Berber, from Arabic abû أبو.
* casbah قصبة, old quarter of a town. Arabic
* chergui شرقي (pl. cheraga شراقة), eastern. Arabic
* chott شطّ, a swampy salt lake. Maghreb Arabic, from Arabic shaati' شاطئ
* dar دار, pl. diar ديار, home. Arabic
* djebel جبل, mountain. Arabic
* djemaa جامع, mosque. Arabic
* douar دوار, (traditionally) region about the size of a county. Arabic
* el الـ, the. Arabic
* erg, field of dunes (in the Sahara.)
* foggara, irrigation channel (in the Sahara.)
* gharbi غربي, western. Arabic
* hammada, a barren rock plain (in the Sahara.)
* hamra f., hmar m. أحمر, red. Arabic
* hassi حاسي, well (in the Sahara.)
* ifrane, caves. Berber
* ighil, hill. Berber
* kalaa قلعة, fortress. Arabic
* kebir كبير, big. Arabic
* khemis خميس, Thursday. Arabic
* ksar قصر, fortified town, castle. Arabic from Latin castrum
* lalla لالاّ, female saint. Maghreb Arabic from Berber
* larbâa, Wednesday. Arabic
* melloul ملول, mellal ملال, mellil مليل, white. From Berber amellal.
* mersa مرسى, port. Arabic
* n ن, of. Berber
* ouled ولاد, sons of. Maghreb Arabic from Arabic 'awlâd أولاد.
* ras راس, cape, head. Arabic
* sebkha, a salt pan
* seghir صغير, small. Arabic
* souk سوق, market. Arabic
* si سي or sidi سيدي, male saint. Arabic
* tala تالا, spring. Berber; attested as early as Sallust's time in the form Thala.
* taourirt تاوريرت, hill. Berber
* tedles تدلس, reeds. Berber
* tell تل, hill. Arabic
* tizi تيزي, pass. Berber
* oued واد. Maghreb Arabic, from Arabic wâdî وادي
* wilaya ولاية, province. Literary Arabic
* zaouia زاوية, a Quranic school. Maghrebi Arabic, from Arabic meaning "corner".
* zemmour زمور. Berber azemmur, f. tazemmurt "olive tree".
* Zenati زناتي, from the medieval Berber tribe Zenata.
* zeriba زريبة, stockade. Arabic
* zmala زمالة, pl. zmoul زمول, encampment.
# 1988 All-Southwest Conference football team

The 1988 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1988 NCAA Division I-A football season. The selectors for the 1988 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI).

## Offensive selections
### Quarterbacks

* Quinn Grovey, Arkansas (AP-1; UPI-2)
* Billy Joe Tolliver, Texas Tech (UPI-1)

### Running backs

* Darren Lewis, Texas A&M (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Eric Metcalf, Texas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Barry Foster, Arkansas (UPI-2)
* Chuck Weatherspoon, Houston (UPI-2)

### Tight ends

* Billy Winston, Arkansas (AP-1; UPI-2)

### Wide receivers

* Jason Phillips, Houston (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Jason Dixon, Houston (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Tony Jones, Texas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Jarrod Delaney, TCU (UPI-2)
* Mike Boudousquie, Rice (UPI-2)

### Tackles

* Matt McCall, Texas A&M (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Jim Mabry, Arkansas (AP-1; UPI-2)
* Charles Odiorne, Texas Tech (UPI-1)
* Mark Bass, Baylor (UPI-2)

### Guards

* Fred Childress, Arkansas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Jerry Fontenot, Texas A&M (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Richmond Webb, Texas A&M (UPI-2)
* Mark Henry, Arkansas (UPI-2)

### Centers

* Courtney Hall, Rice (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Elbert Crawford, Arkansas (AP-2)
* Bobby Sign, Baylor (UPI-2)

## Defensive selections
### Defensive lineman

* Wayne Martin, Arkansas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Glenn Montgomery, Houston (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Tracy Simien, TCU (AP-1; UPI-2)
* Mitchell Benson, TCU (AP-1)
* Desmond Royal, Texas Tech (UPI-1)
* Kerry Crawford, Arkansas (AP-2; UPI-2)
* Michael Shepherd, Arkansas (AP-2; UPI-1)
* Alfred Oglesby, Houston (UPI-2)
* Kerry Lynch, Texas Tech (UPI-2)

### Linebackers

* Britt Hager, Texas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* John Roper, Texas A&M (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Kerry Owens, Arkansas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Aaron Wallace, Texas A&M (AP-1; UPI-2)
* James Francis, Baylor (UPI-2)
* Gary Joe Kinne, Baylor (UPI-2)

### Secondary

* Steve Atwater, Arkansas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Falanda Newton, TCU (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Johnnie Jackson, Houston (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Mickey Washington, Texas A&M (UPI-1)
* Patrick Williams, Arkansas (AP-2; UPI-2)
* Richard Brothers, Arkansas (AP-2)
* Robert Blackmon, Baylor (UPI-2)
* Alex Morris, Texas A&M (UPI-2)
* Donald Harris, Texas Tech (UPI-2)

## Special teams
### Placekickers

* Kendall Trainor, Arkansas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Roman Anderson, Houston (UPI-2)

### Punters

* Bobby Lilljedahl, Texas (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Jamie Simmons, Texas Tech (UPI-2)

### Return specialists

* Tyrone Thurman, Texas Tech (AP-1)

## Miscellaneous

* Offensive Player of the Year: Darren Lewis, Texas A&M (AP; UPI)
* Defensive Player of the Year: Wayne Martin, Arkansas (AP; UPI)
* Coach of the Year: Ken Hatfield, Arkansas (AP; UPI)
* Offensive Newcomer of the Year: Robert Wilson, Texas A&M (AP)
* Defensive Newcomer of the Year: Willie Mack Garza, Texas (AP)
* Conference champion: Arkansas Razorbacks

## Key

AP = Associated Press
UPI = United Press International
Bold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UPI
# Nu (cuneiform)

Cuneiform sign nu is a common use syllabic, or alphabetic (for n or u). It is restricted to "nu", but in the Epic of Gilgamesh, or elsewhere has a Sumerogram (capital letter, majuscule) use NU, and probably mostly for a component in personal names (PN), god's names, or specialized names for specific items that use Sumerograms.
It is also a common use syllabic/alphabetic sign in the mid 14th-century BC Amarna letters. Since the letters often discuss 'present conditions' in regions, or in cities of the vassal Canaanite region, a segue adverb meaning "now", or now, at this time..., Akkadian language "enūma" is often used, and almost exclusively using nu.
The usage numbers for nu in the Epic of Gilgamesh are as follows: nu-(317), NU-(2).

## Two styles of "nu" sign

Since the nu cuneiform sign is in a small category of "2-stroke" signs, it is interesting that there exist two simple varieties of the sign. After the first horizontal stroke is made, it is seen that in many uses an upward stroke is laid upon it (as in the digitized version shown). The second variety is a complete wedge-style stroke placed upon the horizontal. The premier example shown is on the photo of the reverse of Amarna letter EA 365 (top photo), in the 2nd line, (line 365:16, reverse).
Also, line art drawings of cuneiform signs, from a document, or article have the possibility of showing the nu sign with either of the two types of the sign, showing either, (arrow) wedge strokes, or a wedge stroke (full triangle-type) stroke. The alternate wedge-triangle type would look similar to this: , but the wedge moved to the center, or beginning of the horizontal (adjacent the head of the horizontal stroke).

### Akkadian language "nukurtu"

In the Amarna letters, the spelling of Akkadian language (nuKÚRtu), "nukurtu", for war, or hostilities, is almost exclusively spelled starting with nu, but ending with various syllabics to supply the "t" ending.
# Michael Elad

Michael Elad (born December 10, 1963) is an Israeli computer scientist, a professor of Computer Science at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. His work includes contributions in the fields of sparse representations and generative AI, and deployment of these ideas to algorithms and applications in signal processing, image processing and machine learning.

## Academic career

Elad holds a B.Sc. (1986), M.Sc. (1988) and D.Sc. (1997) in Electrical Engineering from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. His M.Sc., under the guidance of Prof. David Malah, focused on video compression algorithms; His D.Sc. on super-resolution algorithms for image sequences was guided by Prof. Arie Feuer.
After several years (1997–2001) of industrial research in Hewlett-Packard Lab Israel and in Jigami, Elad took a research associate position at Stanford University from 2001 to 2003, working closely with Prof. Gene Golub (CS-Stanford), Prof. Peyman Milanfar (EE-UCSC) and Prof. David Donoho (Statistics-Stanford).
In 2003, Elad assumed a tenure-track faculty position in the Technion's computer science department. He was tenured and promoted to associate professorship in 2007, and promoted to full-professorship in 2010. The following is a list of is editorial activities during his academic career:
* Associate editor for IEEE-Transactions on Image Processing (2007–2011)
* Associate editor for IEEE Transactions on Information Theory (2011–2014)
* Associate editor for Applied Computational Harmonic Analysis (2012–2015).
* Associate editor for SIAM Imaging Sciences – SIIMS (2010–2015).
* Senior editor for IEEE Signal Processing Letters (2012–2014).
* Editor in Chief for SIAM Imaging Sciences – SIIMS' (2016-2021)

## Research

Elad works in the fields of signal processing, image processing and machine learning, specializing in particular on inverse problems, sparse representations and generative AI. Elad has authored hundreds of technical publications in these fields. Among these, he is the creator of the K-SVD algorithm, together with Michal Aharon and Bruckstein, and he is also the author of the 2010 book "Sparse and Redundant Representations: From Theory to Applications in Signal and Image Processing".
In 2017, Elad and Yaniv Romano (his PhD student) created a specialized MOOC on sparse representation theory, given under edX.
During the years 2015-2018, Elad headed the Rothschild-Technion Program for Excellence]. This is an undergraduate program at the Technion, meant for exceptional students with emphasis on tailored and challenging study tracks.

## Awards and recognition

* 2014 - SIAG Imaging-Science best paper prize for his 2009 SIAM Review paper with Donoho and Bruckstein.
* 2018 - SIAM Fellow (for contributions to the theory and development of sparse representations and their applications to signal and image processing).
* 2018 - The SPS best paper award for his paper on the Analysis K-SVD
* 2024 - The Rothschild Prize in Engineering.
* 2024 - Member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
# Stephen Adshead

Stephen John Adshead (born 29 January 1980 in Worcester, Worcestershire) is an English first-class cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and wicketkeeper who, in nearly 10 years as a first-class cricketer, played for Derbyshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Leicestershire and Worcestershire.
Adshead's first-class best of 156 not out came against Essex in 2009.
He was released by Gloucestershire at the end of the 2009 season, having played 70 of his 77 first-class games for the county. In all he scored 3304 runs, including 3 hundreds, at 32.05 and took 205 catches and completed 15 stumpings. He scored 1580 runs in 104 list A one-day matches, taking 109 catches and 31 stumpings. He also played 49 Twenty20 matches.
Adshead recorded a score of 240* coming from just 169 deliveries on Saturday 5 May 2012 playing for Astwood Bank 1st XI.
# Adriano Luz

Adriano Manuel Vieira da Luz (born 9 April 1959) is a Portuguese actor. He has appeared in more than 90 films since 1987.

## Selected filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2021 | The Lone Wolf (Short Film) | Vítor Lobo |
| 2019 | O Filme do Bruno Aleixo | Toninho |
| 2015 | Arabian Nights | |
| 2014 | Os Maias (Alguns) Episódios da Vida Romântica | |
| 2010 | Mysteries of Lisbon | |
| 2006 | Blood Curse | |
| 2001 | Get a Life | |
TV :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011–2012 | Remédio Santo | | |
| 2007–2008 | Ilha dos Amores | | |

## Dubbing

* The Lion King - Banzai
* Toy Story 3 - Lotso
* Sesame Street - Kermit the Frog
* Rurouni Kenshin - Sagara Sanosuke (Ep. 62-90)
* X-Men: The Animated Series - Beast, Magneto
* Alice in Wonderland - Cheshire Cat
* Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes - Leader, Ultron, Iron Fist, Star-Lord
# Alan Smith (cricketer)

Alan Christopher Smith CBE (born 25 October 1936), often known as A. C. Smith, is an English former Test cricketer, who appeared in six Tests matches for England. Primarily a wicket-keeper, Smith was also a capable right-handed middle-order batsman and right-arm seam bowler. Very unusually for a regular wicket-keeper, he was sometimes selected by Warwickshire as a frontline bowler.
He was in the last group of amateurs to play for England, before the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) abolished such a status.

## Life and career

Educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham and Brasenose College, Oxford, Smith scored his maiden first-class century (106, opening the batting) for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1958. He won blues 1957–1960, and captained Oxford University 1959–1960. Against Hampshire in 1959, Smith captained Oxford, kept wicket and scored centuries in both innings (145 and 124). Against the Free Foresters in 1960, Charles Fry's deputising as wicket-keeper allowed Smith to bowl himself; having never previously taken more than a single first-class wicket in an innings, he claimed figures of 5–32 and 4–45.
With Jim Parks, Jr. incumbent as England's wicket-keeper, Smith's international opportunities were limited to one tour of Australia and New Zealand under the captaincy of Ted Dexter in 1962–63. Smith failed with the bat in his four Tests against Australia; his score of 69 not out from number 10 in the Second Test against New Zealand, sharing a vital unbroken 163-run partnership with Colin Cowdrey to set up an innings victory, was his only batting contribution of note.
He succeeded M. J. K. Smith, to whom he was unrelated, as county captain of Warwickshire in 1965, retaining the post until his retirement at the end of the 1974 season. Against Essex in 1965 he achieved the very rare feat of taking a hat-trick as bowler in a first-class match in which he had been selected as a wicket-keeper. As the West Indian wicket-keeper Deryck Murray played for Warwickshire from 1972 onwards, Smith was seldom required to keep, and was hence able to bowl increasingly regularly towards the end of his career; in 1972 he took 5–47 against Glamorgan and 5–19 in a 40-over match against Northants. On one occasion, Smith was a member of a Warwickshire team which boasted three international wicket-keepers, none of whom were keeping wicket: Deryck Murray was injured, Rohan Kanhai had given up keeping, and Smith had been selected for his bowling, leaving occasional wicket-keeper John Jameson behind the stumps.
After retirement he became a leading figure in the game's organisation including spells as Secretary of Warwickshire County Cricket Club (1976–1986), as an England selector and Chief Executive of the Test and County Cricket Board (1986–1996).