OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Radical League

The Radical League (Dutch: Radicale Bond) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands from its founding in 1892 until it merged with the left wing of the Liberal Union to form the Free-thinking Democratic League in 1901.

## History

The Radical League originated out of the local progressive liberal caucus "Amsterdam". Leaders of this caucus initiated the formation of a national political party in July 1892, and this resulted in the founding of the Radical League on 9 November 1892. The foremost leader of the new party was the Amsterdam alderman Willem Treub. The party focused on the extension of universal suffrage as well as combating social deprivation.
In 1893, the party won the Leeuwarden seat in a by-election. The newly elected MP was former Amsterdam alderman Carel Victor Gerritsen, who was also the husband of feminist Aletta Jacobs. In 1894 the party won two additional seats. They played a minor role in parliament. In 1897 they won an additional seat. The Radicals supported the progressive liberal Pierson cabinet, although they were not necessary for its majority. On 17 March 1901, the League merged with another group of progressive former Liberal Union members to form the Free-thinking Democratic League.

## Ideology & issues

The League was a progressive liberal and radical democratic party, committed to implementation of universal suffrage and social laws. The party was inspired by kathedersocialisme, the progressive politics professed by latitudinarian preachers. It championed democratisation of the political system by abolishing the Senate and the implementation of a referendum. It favoured the nationalisation of crucial industries like the railways.

## Election results

This table shows the League's results in elections to the House of Representatives.
| Election | Votes | % | Seats | ± | Government |
| 1894 | 5,151 | 3.12 | 3 / 100 | 2 | Opposition |
| 1897 | 14,863 | 3.59 | 4 / 100 | 1 | Supporting the Pierson cabinet |

### Local government

The party was particularly strong in Amsterdam. Treub was alderman there.

## Electorate

The League's electorate centered on Amsterdam, where intellectuals, journalists, teachers and educated workers supported the party.

## Pillarisation

The small and localised Radical League lacked a system of pillarised organisations around it. The weekly magazine De Amsterdammer ("The Amsterdammer") sympathised with the party however.
# Athens, Vermont

Athens (/ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz or /ˈeɪθɪnz/ AY-thinz) is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 380 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 13.1 square miles (33.9 km$^2$), of which 13.0 square miles (33.8 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km$^2$) (0.31%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 442 people, 181 households, and 113 families residing in the town. The population density was 34.0 people per square mile (13.1/km$^2$). There were 247 housing units at an average density of 19.0 per square mile (7.3/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 95.48% White, 0.68% African American, 0.45% Native American, 0.90% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 2.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population.
There were 181 households, out of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 34.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.9 males.
According to 2010–2014 American Community Survey 5-year estimates, the median income for a household in the town was $28,875, and the median income for a family was $40,313. Males had a median income of $32,273 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,746. About 28.0% of families and 32.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 51.5% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable person

* James McMillan Shafter, jurist and legislator

## Television

Athens was the stage for an episode of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition to build a new house for the Vitale family. The construction was filmed in September 2007, the episode aired December 9, 2007, on ABC.
   The Vitale family have two sons. Their youngest son, Louie Angelo Jr., was diagnosed with multiple birth defects. The team transforms their home to make it handicap-accessible.
# Kashihara Shrine

The Kashihara Shrine (橿原神宮, Kashihara Jingū) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The shrine was built in April 2, 1890 at the site of the Kashihara-gū, which is situated on the southeastern side of Mount Unebi of Yamato Sanzan. Japan's first Emperor, Emperor Jimmu, is said to have acceded to the throne on February 11, 660 BC at the Kashihara-gū.
The Mausoleum of Emperor Jimmu is found on the shrine's premises.
Several memorials to placate Japanese military personnel fallen in World War II are placed on the shrine's grounds, including one dedicated to the personnel of the aircraft carrier Zuikaku which was sunk in the Battle of Leyte Gulf in 1944.

## Access

* a 10-minute walk from the center gate of Kashiharajingu-mae Station on Kintetsu Lines (Minami Osaka Line, Yoshino Line, Kashihara Lines).

## Gallery

* Inner prayer hall, with unusually placed chigi
* Unebi Goryō, the mausoleum of Jimmu in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture
# Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm

Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm is an Anishinaabe writer of mixed ancestry from the Chippewas of Nawash First Nation in Canada. She lives and works at Neyaashiinigmiing, Cape Croker Reserve on the Saugeen Peninsula in southwestern Ontario, and in Ottawa, Ontario.

## Biography

A cultural worker with an activist bent, Kateri has initiated many important projects on behalf of Indigenous writers of Turtle Island (North America) and active collaborations with artists and publishers in New Zealand and Australia. A spoken word artist and literary performer as well as poet, writer, editor, and communications consultant, Ms. Akiwenzie-Damm works both behind the scenes and before live audiences.
In 1993, she established Kegedonce Press, one of very few literary publishing houses devoted to indigenous writers. It continues to produce anthologies and single-author books of distinction. Acclaimed Canadian authors Basil H. Johnston (Ojibway), Marilyn Dumont (Métis), and Gregory Scofield (Métis) are among those who have published books through Kegedonce Press. She is both founder and managing editor of the press.
Akiwenzie-Damm has edited two anthologies: skins: Contemporary indigenous writing (2000, with Josie Douglas), and Without Reservation: Indigenous Erotica (2003). These offer works drawn from a variety of Indigenous cultures and artistic traditions from Canada, the United States, Hawaii, Australia, and New Zealand. Each anthology is co-published with another Indigenous press from the southern hemisphere. She also came up with the concept, initiated, and advocated internationally for support for Honouring Words: International Indigenous Authors Celebration Tour. This was an international event involving indigenous authors from Canada, US, Australia and New Zealand. The first, and most successful, of the three international tours was also organized by Akiwenzie-Damm.
# Barkowice

Barkowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sulejów, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Sulejów, 12 km (7 mi) east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 51 km (32 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
# Nyadiew Puoch

Nyadiew Puoch (born 23 June 2004) is an Australian professional basketball player for the UC Capitals of the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). She previously played for the Southside Flyers of the, where she won a WNBL championship in 2024, and for the Dandenong Rangers of the NBL1 South. She helped the Australian Gems win silver at the 2021 FIBA Under-19 World Cup and gold at the 2022 FIBA Under-18 Asian Championship. She was drafted 12th overall by the Atlanta Dream in the 2024 WNBA draft.

## Early life

Puoch was born in Tasmania and raised in Melbourne, in the suburb of Cranbourne East. At the junior level, Puoch represented the Dandenong Rangers from under 12 through the under 18 level. She represented Victorian Metro in the Australian Junior Championships, winning gold in 2019 and 2021 and silver in 2022 where she was awarded the MVP of the Championships.

## Playing career

In 2021, Puoch moved to Canberra and played for the BA Centre of Excellence in the Waratah League. She averaged 8.6 points in five games. She continued with the Centre of Excellence the following year, where she averaged 11.7 points and 5.4 rebounds in 14 games during the 2022 NBL1 season.
On 8 September 2022, Puoch signed with the Southside Flyers of the WNBL for the 2022–23 season. During her first year with the Flyers she was nominated for the WNBL's Sixth Woman of the Year and Breakout Player of the Year awards. In 25 games, she averaged 5.8 points and 1.4 rebounds per game.
Puoch joined the Dandenong Rangers of the NBL1 South for the 2023 season, where she averaged 24.4 points, 7.8 rebounds, 2.5 assists, 1.5 steals and 1.1 blocks in 17 games. She was named the NBL1 South Youth Player of the Year. During the year, she competed in the inaugural women's Nike Hoop Summit game for the world select team. She recorded 16 points and a game-high four blocked shots.
On 27 July 2023, Puoch re-signed with the Flyers for the 2023–24 season. During the season she averaged 6.1 points, 3.6 rebounds, and 1.0 assists per game in 27 games and helped the Flyers win the WNBL championship.
On 15 April 2024, Puoch was drafted 12th overall by the Atlanta Dream in the 2024 WNBA draft. Puoch remained in Australia and played for the Rangers during the 2024 NBL1 season. On 9 July 2024, she signed with the UC Capitals of the WNBL for the 2024–25 season.

## National team career

Puoch made her international debut for Australia at the 2021 FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup where she averaged 11.3 points, 5.4 rebounds and 1.6 assists per game and won a silver medal. She then competed at the 2022 FIBA Under-18 Women's Asian Championship where she averaged 13 points, 5.8 rebounds and 2.8 assists per game and won a gold medal.
She again represented Australia at the 2023 FIBA Under-19 Women's Basketball World Cup where she averaged 14.7 points, 5.4 rebounds and 1.6 assists in seven games.

## Personal life

Puoch is the daughter of a South Sudanese immigrant and single mother, Nyakong. She has six siblings.
# 1923–24 Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship

The 1923–24 Swiss National Ice Hockey Championship was the 14th edition of the national ice hockey championship in Switzerland. HC Rosey Gstaad won the championship as EHC St. Moritz forfeited the final.

## First round
### Eastern Series

* EHC St. Moritz - HC Davos 4:3 OT
EHC St. Moritz qualified for the final.

### Western Series

* HC Château-d’Œx - HC Rosey Gstaad 3:7
HC Rosey Gstaad qualified for the final.

## Final

* EHC St. Moritz - HC Rosey Gstaad 0:3 Forfeit
# Biestrzyków Wielki

Biestrzyków Wielki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobiele Wielkie, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Kobiele Wielkie, 17 km (11 mi) east of Radomsko, and 80 km (50 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.
# Alfred Dobbs

Alfred James Dobbs (18 June 1882 – 27 July 1945) was a British Labour Party politician and trade unionist. He died in a car accident the day after he had been elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Smethwick. His one day as an MP remains the shortest term in the era after the Second World War.

## Local politics and union career

Dobbs was born in Bozeat, Northamptonshire. He served as a Rushden Urban District Councillor between 1906 and 1910, although he moved to Leeds in 1909. There, he immediately took an interest in the Leeds branch of the National Union of Boot and Shoe Operatives, becoming president of the branch in 1917. In March, 1919, he was elected to the Executive Committee of the Union.
In local politics, Dobbs was elected as a Leeds City Councillor from 1923 to 1929, then as Alderman in Leeds 1929–1936 and was chairman the Housing Committee. Dobbs was Leader of Labour Group on Leeds City Council between 1931 and 1936 as well as a magistrate.
After his time at the Leeds City Council, Dobbs worked as National Organiser for the Shoe Union 1936–1945. He was well known at senior levels of the Labour Party, a member of the National Executive Committee 1936–1945 and Chair of the Labour Party 1942–1943.
Dobbs stood for Parliament on several occasions, in Altrincham at the 1929 general election and in Leeds North East at the 1931 and 1935 general elections.

## Election and death

He was elected as MP for Smethwick in the Labour landslide of 1945, succeeding the Conservative incumbent, Roy Wise, who stood in the Epping constituency. However, having been elected on 26 July 1945, Dobbs was killed in a car accident the next day, 27 July 1945. Attempting to avoid a child, Dobbs' car was in collision with a military vehicle in Doncaster, and he was killed instantly. His passenger, Mrs. Elsie Marshall, was seriously injured and was taken to the Doncaster Royal Infirmary. She died later in hospital. Although there have been occasions when MPs were elected posthumously, Dobbs' term was the shortest actually served since World War II.
He was succeeded as MP for Smethwick by Labour's Patrick Gordon Walker, who held the seat for the next 19 years.
# London Buses route D3

London Buses route D3 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Leamouth and Bethnal Green, it is operated by Blue Triangle.

## History

Route D3 began operating in September 1999 between Bethnal Green Chest Hospital and Isle of Dogs Asda. It was initially operated by East London Bus & Coach Company from Stratford (SD) garage, using Plaxton Pointer 2 bodied Dennis Dart SLFs.
In September 2009, the allocation was changed to brand new Alexander Dennis Enviro200 Darts.
In September 2016, the route was withdrawn between Crossharbour and Canary Wharf - this section was replaced by routes 135 and 277. The route was revised to terminate at Leamouth to replace the withdrawn section of route 277.
In September 2023, the contract was awarded to Blue Triangle, operating from Henley Road (DS) garage, using Enviro200 MMC EVs.

## Current Route

Route D3 operated via these primary locations:
* Leamouth London City Island
* East India station
* Blackwall Billingsgate Market
* Canary Wharf station
* Westferry station
* Limehouse station
* Wapping station
* Shadwell station
* Whitechapel Royal London Hospital
* Bethnal Green station
* Bethnal Green Bonner Road
# Andrew Agar (cricketer)

Andrew Charles Agar (born 19 February 1956) is an English former cricketer who played as a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler for Norfolk at List A and Minor Counties level. He was born in Sanderstead.
Agar first represented Norfolk in the Minor Counties Championship in 1977, and represented the team in the league until 1983. Agar made two List A appearances between 1983 and 1984, scoring 3 runs and bowling 21 overs between the two matches.
He played in the Minor Counties Trophy until 1985.
# David Aers

David Roland Aers (born 3 October 1946) is a James B. Duke Professor of English, historical theology and religion at Duke University. He has published widely on literature, sacramental culture and ideology in medieval and Renaissance England.
After attending Tonbridge School he went up to Queens' College, Cambridge, where he played first-class cricket as a left-arm spin bowler for Cambridge University from 1966 to 1968. He earned his doctorate at the University of York.
He is a former editor of the Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. His most influential work traces the influence of the Church Fathers in late medieval and early modern poetry and culture to work out questions of politics, gender, and social ethics.
Aers taught at the University of East Anglia before going to Duke in the mid-1990s. In 1998 he was awarded the Trinity College Distinguished Teaching Award. In an interview that shortly followed the award, he is quoted as saying, "My work moves between literature, theology, politics and history. The academic parceling up of these subjects can become an impediment to studying what I want to study, so that's the motive for interdisciplinarity. When I think about ethics, I can't help but think about politics. When I think about my Christianity, I'm also thinking about social justice. The questions I'm asking go directly across what have grown up as disciplinary boundaries within the modern academy."

## Selected publications

* Salvation and Sin: Augustine, Langland, and Fourteenth-Century Theology (University of Notre Dame Press, 2009)
* Sanctifying Signs: Making Christian Tradition in Late Medieval England (Notre Dame University Press, 2004)
* "New Historicism and the Eucharist", Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 33 (2): 241-259, 2003
* "Chaucer's Tale of Melibee: Whose Virtues?" in Medieval Literature and Historical Inquiry: Essays in Honor of Derek Pearsall, Ed. David Aers (Brewer, 2000)
* Faith, Ethics and Church: Writing in England, 1360-1490 (Brewer, 2000)
* Powers of the Holy: Religion, Politics, and Gender in Late Medieval English Culture, David Aers and Lynn Staley (Penn State University Press, 1996)
* Community, Gender and Individual Identity in English Writing: 1360-1430 (Routledge, 1988)
* Chaucer (Harvester, 1986)
* Chaucer, Langland, and the Creative Imagination (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980)
* Piers Plowman and Christian Allegory (St. Martin's Press, 1975)
# Dawiat Mohamed

Dawiat Mohamed (born 1979) is a Comorian politician.
Mohamed has been a member of the Assembly of the Union of the Comoros for Hambou since 2020.
# Abdou Soulé Elbak

Mzé Abdou Soulé Elbak (/ˈɑːbduː ˈsuːleɪ ɛlˈbæk/ AHB-doo SOO-lay el-BAK; born 1954) was president of the autonomous island of Grande Comore in the Comoros from 2002 to 2007.
# Pure Pleasure

Pure Pleasure is the debut album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy. The album was released on July 30, 1993. The album spawned four singles: "Oh Carolina", which was a dancehall remake of a ska hit by the Folkes Brothers, reached number one on the UK Singles Chart; "Nice and Lovely", which reached number 46 on the UK Singles Chart; "Soon Be Done", which peaked at number 39, and "Big Up", which was released as the main theme from the movie Made in America.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| NME | (6/10) |
| Q | |
| Select | |
| Smash Hits | |
| Vibe | (favorable) |
Elena Oumano of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "This Brooklyn-based reggae rapper has two areas of interest--the bedroom and the dance floor. That’s evident from the opening track and title song, a cheerfully irreverent reworking of a classic spiritual. Producer Sting International frames Shaggy’s lighthearted rapping with fat, squishy beats and unexpected samples--like a 'Carmen' aria on 'Bedroom Bounty Hunter' and the 'Peter Gunn' theme on 'Oh Carolina'."

## Charts

Chart performance for Pure Pleasure :
| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 98 |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 11 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 75 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 46 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 42 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 32 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 67 |
# Edward Kofler

Edward Kofler (November 16, 1911 – April 22, 2007) was a mathematician who made important contributions to game theory and fuzzy logic by working out the theory of linear partial information.

## Biography

Kofler was born in Brzeżany, Austrian-Hungarian empire (now western Ukraine) and graduated as a disciple of among others Hugo Steinhaus and Stefan Banach from the University of Lwów Poland (now Ukraine) and the University of Cracow, having studied game theory. After graduation in 1939 Kofler returned to his family in Kolomyia (today Kolomea in Ukraine), where he taught mathematics in a Polish high school. After German attack on the town 1 July 1941 he succeeded to escape to Kazakhstan together with his wife. At Alma-Ata he managed a Polish school with orphanage in exile and worked there as mathematics teacher. After World War II ended he returned home with the orphanage. He was accompanied by his wife and their baby son. The family settled in Poland. From 1959 he accepted the position of lecturer at the University of Warsaw in the faculty of economics. In 1962 he gained a Ph.D. with his thesis Economic Decisions, Applying Game Theory. Then in 1962 he became assistant professor at the faculty of social science in the same university, specializing in econometrics.
In 1969 he migrated to Zürich, Switzerland, where he was employed at the Institute for Empirical Research in Economics at the University of Zürich and scientific advisor at the Swiss National Science Foundation (Schweizerische Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung). In Zürich in 1970 Kofler developed his linear partial information (LPI) theory allowing qualified decisions to be made on the basis of fuzzy logic: incomplete or fuzzy a priori information.
Kofler was visiting professor at the University of St Petersburg (former Leningrad, Russia), University of Heidelberg (Germany), McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario, Canada) and University of Leeds (England). He collaborated with many well known specialists in information theory, such as Oskar R. Lange in Poland, Nicolai Vorobiev in the Soviet Union, Günter Menges in Germany, and Heidi Schelbert and Peter Zweifel in Zürich. He was the author of many books and articles. He died in Zürich.
# Petaling Jaya Selatan

Petaling Jaya Selatan was a federal constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1995 to 2018.
The federal constituency was created in the 1994 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 2018 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of Parliament for Petaling Jaya Selatan :
| Parliament | No | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created from Puchong and Petaling Jaya |||||
| 9th | P095 | 1995-1999 | Donald Lim Siang Chai (林祥才) | BN (MCA) |
| 10th | P095 | 1999-2004 | Donald Lim Siang Chai (林祥才) | BN (MCA) |
| 11th | P105 | 2004-2008 | Donald Lim Siang Chai (林祥才) | BN (MCA) |
| 12th | P105 | 2008-2013 | Hee Loy Sian (许来贤) | PR (PKR) |
| 13th | P105 | 2013-2018 | Hee Loy Sian (许来贤) | PR (PKR) |
| Constituency abolished, renamed to Petaling Jaya |||||

### State constituency

| Parliamentary constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency | State constituency |
| Parliamentary constituency | 1955–59* | 1959–1974 | 1974–1986 | 1986–1995 | 1995–2004 | 2004–2018 | 2018–present |
| Petaling Jaya Selatan | | | | | Bukit Gasing | Bukit Gasing | |
| Petaling Jaya Selatan | | | | | Taman Medan | Taman Medan | |