# List of the Cenozoic life of Alaska

This list of the Cenozoic life of Alaska contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Alaska and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

## A

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* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Shell of an Acanthocardia cockle Acanthocardia
** †Acanthocardia brewerii
* Acila
** †Acila brevis – or unidentified related form
** †Acila castrensis
** †Acila ermani
** †Acila gettysburgensis
** †Acila praedivaricata – or unidentified related form
** †Acila shumardi
** †Acila taliaferroi
* Acirsa
** †Acirsa borealis
* Acmaea
** †Acmaea sybaritica
* Acrotrichis – tentative report
* †Ademete
* Agonum
* †Ainus
* Alaocybites
** †Alaocybites egorovi – tentative report
* A living Alces, or moose Alces
* Alnus
** †Alnus carpinoides
* Alopex
** †Alopex lagopus
* Alvania
** †Alvania aurivillii
* Amara
* Amauropsis
** †Amauropsis fetteri – type locality for species
* Anabathron
** †Anabathron muriel
* Ancistrolepis
** †Ancistrolepis beringianus
** †Ancistrolepis eucosmius
* †Anechinocardium
** †Anechinocardium lorenzanum – or unidentified related form
* Angulus
** †Angulus lutea
* †Anomalosipho – tentative report
* Anomia – tentative report
* †Aperiploma
** †Aperiploma bainbridgensis
* Aphaenogaster
* Arca
* Arctica
** †Arctica carteriana
** †Arctica ovata
* †Arcticlam – type locality for genus
** †Arcticlam nanseni – type locality for species
* †Arctodus
** †Arctodus simus
* Argobuccinum
** †Argobuccinum oregonensis
* Life restoration of the Oligocene river dolphin Arktocara †Arktocara – type locality for genus
** †Arktocara yakataga – type locality for species
* Arrhenopeplus
** †Arrhenopeplus tesserula
* Asaphidion
** †Asaphidion yukonense – or unidentified comparable form
* Asinus
** †Asinus kiang – or unidentified comparable form
* Astarte
** †Astarte arctica
** †Astarte bennetti
** †Astarte borealis
** †Astarte compacta
** †Astarte crenata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Astarte hemicymata
** †Astarte laurentiana – or unidentified related form
** †Astarte martini
** †Astarte nortonensis
** †Astarte vernicosa
* Astrangia
** †Astrangia boreas – type locality for species
* Fossilized shell of the Paleocene-Miocene nautiloid cephalopod Aturia †Aturia
** †Aturia alaskensis – type locality for species
** †Aturia angustata
* Axinopsida
** †Axinopsida orbiculata – or unidentified comparable form

## B

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* M
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* Balanus
** †Balanus balanoides
** †Balanus balanus
** Shell (left, internal view) and calcified basis (right) of a modern Balanus crenatus acorn barnacle †Balanus crenatus
** †Balanus evermanni
** †Balanus nubilus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Balanus rostratus
* Bembidion
* Beringius
** †Beringius crebricostatus
** †Beringius hertleini
* Betula
* Bibio
* Bison
** Mummified specimen found in Alaska of the Pleistocene-Holocene Bison priscus, or steppe bison. This specimen, known as "Blue Babe" after the blue ox of Paul Bunyan folklore, derives its unusual coloration from a chemical reaction between the phosphorus in its skin and iron in the surrounding soil to produce a coating of vivianite. †Bison priscus
* Bolivina
** †Bolivina decussata
** †Bolivina pseudopicata – or unidentified comparable form
* †Bootherium
** †Bootherium bombifrons
* Boreotrophon
** †Boreotrophon beringi
** †Boreotrophon rotundatus – or unidentified comparable form
* Brachidontes
** †Brachidontes matchgaransis – or unidentified comparable form
* Brachypimpla – tentative report
* Fossil of the Eocene crab Branchioplax †Branchioplax
** †Branchioplax washingtoniana
* †Bruclarkia
** †Bruclarkia andersoni – or unidentified comparable form
* Buccella
** †Buccella frigida
* Buccinum
** †Buccinum angulosum
** †Buccinum glaciale
** †Buccinum kurodai – tentative report
** †Buccinum ochotense – or unidentified related form
** †Buccinum pemphigus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Buccinum percrassum
** †Buccinum physematum
** †Buccinum planeticum – or unidentified comparable form
* Bulbus
** †Bulbus fragilis
* Byrrhus

## C

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* Cadulus
** †Cadulus arcticus
* Calliostoma
* Callorhinus
** †Callorhinus ursinus
* Calyptraea
** †Calyptraea alaskana – or unidentified comparable form
** †Calyptraea diegoana – or unidentified comparable form
* Camponotus
* Cancellaria
* Canis
** A living Canis lupus, or gray wolf †Canis lupus
* Carabus
** †Carabus nemoralis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Carabus truncaticollis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Carex
* Caryophyllia
** †Caryophyllia arnoldi
* Cassidulina
** †Cassidulina californica
** †Cassidulina islandica
** †Cassidulina teretis
** †Cassidulina tortuosa
* Castalia
* †Castanaea
** †Castanaea castaneaefolia
* Castanea
** †Castanea cataneaefolia
* Cepheus
** †Cepheus corae – or unidentified comparable form
* Ceratoppia – tentative report
* Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene cervid Cervalces, or the stag moose †Cervalces
* Cervus
** †Cervus elaphus
* Ceutorhynchus – tentative report
* Chama
* Chione
** †Chione ensifera
* Chirona
** †Chirona alaskana – type locality for species
** †Chirona evermanni
* Chlamys
** †Chlamys alaskensis
** †Chlamys albida
** †Chlamys aquilonia
** †Chlamys ashiyaensis – or unidentified related form
** †Chlamys ashiynensis
** †Chlamys coatsi
** †Chlamys cosibensis
** A modern shell of Chlamys islandica, or Iceland scallop †Chlamys islandica
** †Chlamys nuwokensis
** †Chlamys rubida
* †Chrysodomus – tentative report
* Chrysolina
* †Chrysomelites – type locality for genus
** †Chrysomelites alaskanus – type locality for species
* Cibicides
** †Cibicides lobatulus
* Ciliatocardium
** †Ciliatocardium ciliatum
** †Ciliatocardium islandicum – or unidentified related form
* Cingula
** †Cingula martyni
* Shell of a Clinocardium cockle Clinocardium
** †Clinocardium californiense – or unidentified comparable form
** †Clinocardium hannibali
** †Clinocardium makiyamae
** †Clinocardium meekianum
** †Clinocardium nuttallii
** †Clinocardium pristinum
* Colus
** †Colus halibrectus – or unidentified related form
** †Colus spitsbergensis
* †Conchocele
** †Conchocele bisecta
* Corbicula
** †Corbicula bibaiensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Corbicula muratai – or unidentified comparable form
* Corbula
** †Corbula betsyae – type locality for species
* †Cornwallius
** †Cornwallius sookensis
* A living Corylus, or hazel †Corylus
** †Corylus macquarri
* Costacallista
** †Costacallista conradiana
* Crassatella
** †Crassatella mathewsoni – or unidentified related form
** †Crassatella nipponicus – or unidentified comparable form
* Crenella
** †Crenella kannoi – type locality for species
** †Crenella porterensis
* Crepidula
** †Crepidula ungana
* Cryptonatica
** †Cryptonatica affinis
* Cyclocardia
** †Cyclocardia belogolovensis
** †Cyclocardia crassidens
** †Cyclocardia crebricostata
** †Cyclocardia ezoensis
** †Cyclocardia nuwokensis
** †Cyclocardia roundiformis
** †Cyclocardia sakamotoi
** †Cyclocardia subcrassidens
** †Cyclocardia subnipponica – or unidentified comparable form
** †Cyclocardia tokunagai – or unidentified comparable form
** †Cyclocardia wajampolkensis – or unidentified comparable form
* †Cyclocardium
** †Cyclocardium roundiformis – or unidentified comparable form
* Cylichna
* Cyperus
* Cyrtodaria
** †Cyrtodaria katieae – type locality for species
** †Cyrtodaria kurriana
** †Cyrtodaria rutupiensis

## D

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* M
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* Dasiops – tentative report
* Delphinapterus – tentative report
* Dentalium
** †Dentalium nunomae – or unidentified comparable form
* Fossilized cranium of the Miocene seal Desmatophoca †Desmatophoca – tentative report
* Diacheila
** †Diacheila matthewsi
* Dicrostonyx
* Diestothyris
** †Diestothyris frontalis
* Dioon
** †Dioon praespinulosum – type locality for species
* Diplodonta
** †Diplodonta aleutica
** †Diplodonta parilis
* †Dryophyllum
** †Dryophyllum stanleyanum
* Dyschirius

## E

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* Seafloor covered in living Echinarachnius sand dollars Echinarachnius
* Echinophoria
** †Echinophoria apta
* †Ellipsoscapha
** †Ellipsoscapha sohli – type locality for species
* Elphidiella
** †Elphidiella arctica
* Elphidium
** †Elphidium alaskense
** †Elphidium clavatum
** †Elphidium frigidum
* A living Enhydra lutris, or sea otter Enhydra
* Enicmus
* †Epipremnum
** †Epipremnum crassum
* Epitonium
** †Epitonium atwoodi
** †Epitonium greenlandicum
* Equus
** †Equus alaskae
* Erignathus
** †Erignathus barbatus
* Erigone
* A living Eschrichtius robustus, or gray whale Eschrichtius
* Eumetopias
** †Eumetopias jubata
* †Eumorphocorystes
** †Eumorphocorystes naselensis
* Euspira
** †Euspira pallida
* Evalea
* †Exilia – tentative report

## F

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* Fossilized foliage of the Cretaceous-Oligocene flowering plant Flabellaria †Flabellaria
** †Flabellaria gronlandica
* Fortipecten
** †Fortipecten hallae
* Fulgoraria

## G

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* Gari
** †Gari brouwersae – type locality for species
* Georissus
* Globigerina
** A living Globigerina bulloides foraminiferan †Globigerina bulloides – or unidentified related form
** †Globigerina pachyderma
* Glycymeris
** †Glycymeris sagittatus
** †Glycymeris septentrionalis

## H

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* †Hataiella
** †Hataiella chichibuensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Hataiella sagai
* Helophorus
** †Helophorus splendidus
* Hemithiris
** †Hemithiris psittacea
* Hiatella
** †Hiatella arctica
* Hinnites – tentative report
* Histriophoca
** †Histriophoca fasciata
* Homalopoma – tentative report
* †Hydrodamalis
** Restorative model of the Pleistocene-Holocene manatee relative Hydrodamalis gigas, or Steller's sea cow †Hydrodamalis gigas

## I

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* †Integricardium
** †Integricardium kennae – type locality for species
* A modern Isurus, or mako shark Isurus

## J

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* †Jugina
** †Jugina snigella
* †Juglna
** †Juglna snigella

## K

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* Kalissus
** †Kalissus nitidus
* Karreriella
** †Karreriella baccata
* †Kolponomos – or unidentified comparable form
* Kurtiella
** †Kurtiella tumida

## L

* A
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* Lasiopodomys
** †Lasiopodomys deceitensis
* †Lastraea
** †Lastraea stiriaca
* Lathrobium
* Laurus
* Leistus
* Lemmus
** A living Lemmus sibiricus, or Siberian brown lemming †Lemmus sibiricus
* Leptothorax
* Leukoma
** †Leukoma staylei – or unidentified comparable form
* Limatula
** †Limatula attenuata
* Liocyma
** †Liocyma fluctuosa
* Liomesus
** †Liomesus nux
* Littorina
** †Littorina sitchana
* †Lora
** †Lora skullcliffensis
* Lucinoma
** †Lucinoma acutilineata
* A living Lunatia moon sea snail Lunatia
** †Lunatia groenlandica – or unidentified related form
* Lyonsia
** †Lyonsia mooreae

## M

* A
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* Interior and exterior of a shell of a Macoma tellin Macoma
** †Macoma albaria
** †Macoma astori
** †Macoma balthica – or unidentified related form
** †Macoma brota – or unidentified related form
** †Macoma calcarea
** †Macoma golikovi
** †Macoma moesta
** †Macoma optiva
** †Macoma twinensis
* Macrocallista – tentative report
* Mactromeris
** †Mactromeris albaria
** †Mactromeris brevirostrata
** †Mactromeris polynyma
* Magnolia
** †Magnolia inglefieldi
* †Mammut
* †Mammuthus
** Restoration of a herd of Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoths †Mammuthus primigenius
* Margarites
** †Margarites peninsularis
* Marmota
* Martesia – tentative report
* Mathilda
** †Mathilda amundseni – type locality for species
* Megayoldia
** †Megayoldia montereyensis – or unidentified related form
* Messor
* †Metacarcinus
** †Metacarcinus goederti
* Micridium
* Micropeplus
** †Micropeplus hoogendorni – type locality for species
** †Micropeplus hopkinsi – type locality for species
* Microtus
* Miodontiscus
** †Miodontiscus prolongatus
* Mizuhopecten
** †Mizuhopecten mollerensis
* Modiolus
** †Modiolus harrimani
* †Molopophorus
** †Molopophorus bogachielii – or unidentified comparable form
* Musculus
** †Musculus niger
* †Mya
** †Mya arenaria – or unidentified comparable form
** †Mya elegans
** †Mya grewingki
** †Mya truncata
* Fruit of a living Myrica, or firetree Myrica
** †Myrica arctogale
* †Mytilon – type locality for genus
** †Mytilon theresae – type locality for species
* Mytilus
** †Mytilus coalingensis
** †Mytilus edulis
** †Mytilus gratacapi
** †Mytilus middendorffi
** †Mytilus pholadis

## N

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* Namunaria
* Natica
** †Natica janthostoma
** †Natica oregonensis
* A living Nebria ground beetle Nebria
* †Neilo
** †Neilo gryci – type locality for species
* Nemocardium
** †Nemocardium exoense
* Neoconorbina
** †Neoconorbina tabernacularis
* Neopilumnoplax
** †Neopilumnoplax hannibalanus
* Neptunea
** †Neptunea elatior – or unidentified comparable form
** †Neptunea heros
** †Neptunea leffingwelli
** †Neptunea lyrata
** †Neptunea modesta – or unidentified related form
** †Neptunea plafkeri
** †Neptunea tabulata – or unidentified comparable form
** †Neptunea ventricosa
* Neverita
** †Neverita washingtonensis
* Notiophilus
** †Notiophilus aeneus – or unidentified comparable form
* Interior of a fossilized shell of the Early Ordovician-modern marine bivalve Nucula Nucula
** †Nucula micheleae – type locality for species
* Nuculana
** †Nuculana fossa
** †Nuculana moriyai – type locality for species
** †Nuculana morrisi

## O

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* Ochotona
** †Ochotona whartoni
* Odobenus
** A living Odobenus rosmarus, or walrus †Odobenus rosmarus
* Oenopota
** †Oenopota candida
** †Oenopota laevigata
* Oolina
** †Oolina borealis
* †Orbitoplax – type locality for genus
** †Orbitoplax plafkeri – type locality for species
* Oribatella – tentative report
* †Orodaphne
* Living Osmunda ferns †Osmunda
** †Osmunda doroschkiana
* Ostrea
** †Ostrea lincolnensis – or unidentified related form
** †Ostrea tigiliana
** †Ostrea trigiliana – or unidentified comparable form
* †Ounalashkastylus – type locality for genus
** †Ounalashkastylus tomidai – type locality for species
* Ovibos
** A living Ovibos moschatus, or muskox †Ovibos moschatus
* Ovis
** †Ovis dalli – tentative report
* †Oxytoma
** †Oxytoma hargrovei – type locality for species

## P

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* A living Pagophilus groenlandicus, or harp seal Pagophilus
** †Pagophilus groenlandica
* Palliolum
** †Palliolum groenlandicum
* Pandora
** †Pandora wardiana
* Panomya
** †Panomya ampla
** †Panomya izumo
** †Panomya trapezoidis
* Papyridea
** †Papyridea harrimani
* Parapholas – tentative report
** †Parapholas california
* †Parasyrinx
* Patrobus
** †Patrobus septentrionis – or unidentified comparable form
* Penitella
* Periploma
** †Periploma aleutica
** †Periploma besshoense
** †Periploma fragilis – or unidentified related form
* †Perse
* Phenacomys
** †Phenacomys deeringensis
* Phoca
** †Phoca hispida
** A living Phoca vitulina, or harbor seal †Phoca vitulina
* Picea
** †Picea glauca
** †Picea mariana
** †Picea sitchensis – or unidentified comparable form
* Pinus
** †Pinus monticola
* Shell of a Pitar venus clam Pitar
** †Pitar angustifrons
** †Pitar avenalensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Pitar dalli – or unidentified related form
* †Placunopsis
** †Placunopsis rothi – type locality for species
* †Planera
** †Planera ungeri
* Planulina
** †Planulina alaskensis
* Plicifusus
** †Plicifusus kroyeri – or unidentified related form
* Pododesmus
** Two living Pododesmus macrochisma or Alaska jingles †Pododesmus macrochisma
* Polinices
** †Polinices diabloensis
** †Polinices lincolnensis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Polinices pallidus
** †Polinices ramonensis
** †Polinices repenningi – type locality for species
* Polymorphina
** †Polymorphina kincaidi
* Montage of photographs in spring (top left), summer (top right), autumn (bottom left), and winter (bottom right) of Populus, or poplar tree Populus
** †Populus balsamoides
** †Populus glandulifera
* Portlandia
** †Portlandia ovata
** †Portlandia watasei
* †Portunites
** †Portunites alaskensis
* †Praeovibos
* †Predicrostonyx
** †Predicrostonyx hopkinsi
* †Priscofusus
** †Priscofusus clarki
** †Priscofusus stewarti – or unidentified related form
* †Protocardia – tentative report
* †Protochelydra
** †Protochelydra zangerli – or unidentified comparable form
* Protothaca
** †Protothaca staleyi
* Pseudarchaster
* Pteris
** †Pteris sitkensis
* Pterostichus
** †Pterostichus corvinus – or unidentified comparable form
** †Pterostichus vermiculosus – or unidentified comparable form
* Puncturella
** †Puncturella longifissa
* Purpura
** †Purpura crispata – or unidentified related form
* A living Pusa earless seal Pusa – or unidentified related form
** †Pusa hispida
* Pyrgo
** †Pyrgo elongata – or unidentified comparable form
* Pyrulofusus
** †Pyrulofusus schraderi

## Q

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* A living Quercus, or oak tree Quercus
* Quinqueloculina
** †Quinqueloculina agglutinata
** †Quinqueloculina akneriana
** †Quinqueloculina seminulum

## R

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* Y
* Z
* Rangifer
** A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer †Rangifer tarandus
* Raninoides
** †Raninoides vaderensis
* Rhabdus
** †Rhabdus schencki – or unidentified comparable form
* Rosalina
** †Rosalina wrightii
* †Rotalia
** †Rotalia columbiensis

## S

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* Illustration of two Saiga tatarica antelopes Saiga
* Saxidomus
** †Saxidomus callistaeformis – or unidentified comparable form
** †Saxidomus hanzawai
* Scaphander
** †Scaphander lignarius – or unidentified comparable form
* †Scutella
** †Scutella gabbi
* Sequoia
** †Sequoia couttsiae – tentative report
** †Sequoia langsdorfii
** †Sequoia nordenskioldi – tentative report
* Serripes
** †Serripes groenlandicus
** †Serripes hamiltonensis
** †Serripes laperousii
* †Shedocardia – tentative report
* Siliqua
** †Siliqua alta – or unidentified comparable form
* Similipecten
** †Similipecten greenlandicus
* Simplocaria
* Shell of the whelk sea snail Siphonalia Siphonalia
** †Siphonalia sakakurai – or unidentified related form
* †Skeneopsis
** †Skeneopsis alaskana
* Solamen
** †Solamen leana
* Solena
* Sorex
* Spermophilus
** †Spermophilus undulatus
* Spirorbis
* Spirotropis
** †Spirotropis perversa – or unidentified comparable form
* Spisula
** †Spisula addicotti
** †Spisula callistaeformis
** †Spisula eugenense – or unidentified related form
** †Spisula hannibali – or unidentified comparable form
* Stenus
* †Streptochetus – tentative report
* Strongylocentrotus
** †Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
* Branch with fruit of a Symphoricarpos, or snowberry shrub †Symphoricarpos

## T

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* Tachinus
** †Tachinus apertus – or unidentified comparable form
* Tachyrhynchus
** †Tachyrhynchus erosus
* †Tancredia
** †Tancredia slavichi – type locality for species
* †Taxites
** †Taxites olriki
* Taxodium
** Living Taxodium distichum, or bald cypresses †Taxodium distichum
** †Taxodium dubium
** †Taxodium occidentale
** †Taxodium tinajorum
* Tellina
** †Tellina aragonia
* †Tellinimera
** †Tellinimera kauffmani – type locality for species
* Terebratula
** †Terebratula retusa – or unidentified related form
* Terebratulina
** †Terebratulina retusa – or unidentified related form
* Thracia
** †Thracia condoni
** †Thracia septentrionalis – or unidentified related form
* Thyasira
** †Thyasira arctica
* A living Tonicella, or lined chiton Tonicella
** †Tonicella marmorea
* †Trichohyalis
** †Trichohyalis ornatissima
* Trichotropis
** †Trichotropis bicarinata
* †Triloculine
** †Triloculine trigonula
* †Tsuga
** A living Tsuga heterophylla, or western hemlock †Tsuga heterophylla
* Turritella
** †Turritella uvasana
* Turtonia
** †Turtonia minuta
* †Tymolus
** †Tymolus alaskensis – type locality for species
* †Tyrannoberingius
** †Tyrannoberingius rex
* †Tyrranoberingius
** †Tyrranoberingius rex

## U

* A
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* A living Ulmus, or elm Ulmus
* Ursus
* †Uya
** †Uya arenaria – or unidentified related form

## V

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* A variety of modern Vaccinium species, clockwise from top right: cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, and huckleberries †Vaccinium
* Venericardia
** †Venericardia clarki – or unidentified related form
* Veraphis – tentative report
* †Vertipecten
* Vitavitus
** †Vitavitus thulius – or unidentified comparable form
* Vitis
** †Vitis olriki
* Volutopsius
** †Volutopsius stefanssoni – or unidentified related form
* Vulpes
** A living Vulpes vulpes, or red fox †Vulpes vulpes

## X

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* A living Xysticus crab spider Xysticus
** †Xysticus archaeopalpus – type locality for species

## Y

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* Yoldia
** †Yoldia breweri – or unidentified comparable form
** †Yoldia emersoni – or unidentified comparable form
** †Yoldia gladenkovi – type locality for species
** †Yoldia palachei – or unidentified comparable form
** †Yoldia scissurata
** †Yoldia sobrina
* Yoldiella
** †Yoldiella scissurata