# List of Greco-Persian Wars

The following is a list of wars fought between Greeks and Persians.
Greek/Seleucid/Byzantine victory
Persian/Parthian/Sasanian victory
Inconclusive

## Ancient Greece

| Date | War | Belligerents | Belligerents | Result | Note |
| (499–323 BC) ||||||
| 499–493 BC | Ionian Revolt | Greeks | Achaemenid empire | Persian victory | Persia regains control of Cyprus and Greek cities in Asia MinorBeginning of the first Persian invasion of Greece |
| 492–490 BC | First Persian invasion of Greece | Greeks | Achaemenid empire | Inconclusive | Persians capture Thrace and part of Macedon, but they fail to achieve their goals Sparta and Athens remain independent |
| 480–479 BC | Second Persian invasion of Greece | Greeks | Achaemenid empire | Greek victory | Greeks expel Persia from Greece; Macedon, Thrace, Ionia and Aegean Islands returned to Greeks |
| 479–478 BC | Greek counterattack | Greeks | Achaemenid empire | Greek victory | |
| 355–328 BC | Persian campaign of Alexander the Great | Macedonian Empire | Achaemenid Empire | Greek victory | Macedon annexes Achaemenid empireStart of the Hellenistic period |

## Seleucid Empire and Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

| Date | War | Belligerents | Belligerents | Result | Note |
| (312–129 BC) ||||||
| 280 BC | First Parni invasion of Margiana | Seleucid Empire | Parni | Seleucid victory | The military capabilities of the Parni had been weakened as a result of the Seleucid retaliation and victory. |
| 248–246 BC | Second Parni invasion of Margiana | Seleucid Empire | Parni | Seleucid victory | Despite the victory, the Seleucids once again failed to completely neutralize the Parni threat. |
| 236–235 BC | First Seleucid-Parthian war | Seleucid Empire | Parthian Empire | Parthian victory | that Seleucus was forced to acquiesce to Arsaces and leave Parthia to its devices |
| 210–208 BC | Second Seleucid-Parthian war | Seleucid empire | Parthian empire | Seleucid victory | Parthia becomes a vassal of the Seleucid Empire. The Seleucids annex all of Parthia south of the Kopetdag mountain range |
| 187–166 BC | Third Seleucid–Parthian War | Seleucid Empire | Parthian Empire | Parthian victory | Parthia gains independence from the Seleucids |
| 165–138 BC | Fourth Seleucid–Parthian War | Seleucid Empire | Parthian Empire | Parthian victory | Parthia captures a large territory in the east and captures the Seleucid Emperor |
| 150 BC | Parthian–Bactrian War | Greco-Bactrian Kingdom | Parthian Empire | Parthian victory | Decline of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom |
| 148–129 BC | Fifth Seleucid–Parthian War | Seleucid Empire | Parthian Empire | Parthian victory | Decline of the Seleucids, and end of the Hellenistic rule in Iran |

## Byzantine Empire

| Date | War | Belligerents | Belligerents | Result | Note |
| (AD 440–628) ||||||
| 421–422 | Byzantine-Sasanian War of 421–422 | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire | Byzantine victory | Status quo ante bellum Sasanians stop persecuting Christians on their territory |
| 440 | Byzantine–Sasanian War of 440 | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire | Inconclusive | Status quo ante bellum Both empires agreed to battle northern nomads (Vandals). |
| 502–506 | Anastasian War | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire | Inconclusive | Status quo ante bellum Although Byzantium paid a very small amount of money, the Sassanians were forced to retreat without achieving the goals of the war, the tribute that the Persian king wanted to receive from the Romans was not paid Byzantine Empire creates a new line of fortifications contrary to the treaty of 422 |
| 526–532 | Iberian War | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire | Inconclusive | Sasanians retained Iberia,Byzantines retained Lazica |
| 541–562 | Lazic War | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire | Sasanian victory | Fifty-Year Peace Treaty |
| 572–591 | Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591 | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire | Byzantine victory | Khosrow II restored to the Sasanian throne, Byzantine Empire get most of Sasanian Armenia and western half of Iberia |
| 602–628 | Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 | Byzantine Empire | Sasanian Empire | Byzantine victory | Status quo ante bellum Political and economic crisis of the Sassanids Sasanian Empire coughs up all the damage it has done to the Byzantine Empire Beginning of the Arab conquest of Persia |