OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Burlington County Institute of Technology

The Burlington County Institute of Technology (BCIT) is a county-wide public school district that serves the vocational and technical education needs of students at the high school and post-secondary level in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. BCIT's more than 2,000 students come from 38 sending school districts throughout the county.
BCIT has campuses in Medford and Westampton townships. Admission to BCIT is based on a competitive admissions test. The district develops apprenticeship and job training programs with local businesses and educational institutions.
As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 2,067 students and 154.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.4:1.

## Campuses

The district's two campuses (with 2023–24 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
* Burlington County Institute of Technology Medford Campus which served 835 students)
** Michael Parker, principal
* Burlington County Institute of Technology Westampton Campus which served 1,234 students
** Joseph Venuto, principal

## Programs

BCIT offers educational programs in a broad range of fields:
* High tech: Electronics, Computer Science Applications, Computer Assisted Drafting and Office Technologies, Robotics, Pre-engineering, A+ and NET+.
* Traditional majors: Automotive Technology, Printing/Graphics Communication, Welding, Drafting, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Fleet Maintenance Mechanics and Auto Body Repair are certified by the respective industries. Cosmetology and Health Occupations must pass licensing exams upon completion of their educational programs. Building Trade, Electrical Trade and Office Technology students in the high school program enroll in apprenticeships during their senior year.
* Other: Geospatial Technologies, Veterinarian Assistant, Ornamental Horticulture, Marketing, Culinary Arts, Advertising, Art and Design, Early Childhood Education and Child Care, Fashion Design and Fabrication, Law and Public Safety and Sports Medicine.

## Administration

Core members of the district's administration are:
* Ashanti Holley, superintendent of schools
* Andrew C. Willmott, business administrator and board secretary

## Board of education

The district's board of education is comprised of the county superintendent of schools and six public members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type I school district, the board's trustees are appointed by the Burlington County Board of County Commissioners to serve four-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two members up for reappointment each year. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.
# Mach bands

Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system. The Mach band illusion is sometimes called the Chevreul illusion.

## Explanation

The Mach bands effect is due to the spatial high-boost filtering performed by the human visual system on the luminance channel of the image captured by the retina. Mach reported the effect in 1865, conjecturing that filtering is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on other (non-visual) senses, as pointed out by Georg von Békésy. The visual pattern is often found on curved surfaces subject to a particular, naturally-occurring illumination, so the occurrence of filtering can be explained as the result of learnt image statistics. The effect of filtering can be modeled as a convolution between a trapezoidal function that describes the illumination and one or more bandpass filters. A tight approximation is obtained by a model employing 9 even-symmetric filters scaled at octave intervals.
The effect is independent of the orientation of the boundary.

## In radiology

This visual phenomenon is important to keep in mind when evaluating dental radiographs for evidence of decay, in which grayscale images of teeth and bone are analyzed for abnormal variances of density. A false-positive radiological diagnosis of dental caries can easily arise if the practitioner does not take into account the likelihood of this illusion. Mach bands manifest adjacent to metal restorations or appliances and the boundary between enamel and dentin. Mach bands may also result in the misdiagnosis of horizontal root fractures because of the differing radiographic intensities of tooth and bone.
Mach effect can also lead to an erroneous diagnosis of pneumothorax by creating a dark line at the lung periphery (whereas a true pneumothorax will have a white pleural line).

## In computer graphics

Mach bands can also appear when there is a discontinuity in the derivative of a gradient, a visual effect common when intensities are linearly interpolated such as in Gouraud shading.
Computer image processing systems use edge-detection in a way analogous to the brain, using unsharp masking to clarify edges in photos for example.
# Andrew Semple (physician)

Andrew Best Semple (3 May 1912 in Glasgow – 15 November 2013 in Northamptonshire) was a Scottish doctor who specialised in public health. He served as honorary physician to the Queen, and was the Medical Officer of Health for Liverpool from 1953 to 1974.

## Biography

Semple was born in Glasgow and educated at Allan Glen's School. He graduated in medicine from the University of Glasgow in 1934 and specialised in public health, serving as an assistant Medical Officer of Health in Paisley, Portsmouth and Blackburn. During the Second World War he served in the Royal Naval Reserve, electing for active service in the Second Submarine Flotilla, where he gained the rank of surgeon commander. While in this role, he noticed that submariners struggled to adjust their eyesight while moving between brightly lit interiors to the dark observation tower. He proposed introducing amber lights to soften this transition, which was implemented at once.
From 1963 to 1965 Semple was appointed as honorary physician to the Queen.
He was particularly interested in tackling the problems of undiagnosed tuberculosis and poor housing in the city. He introduced one of the UK's first smokeless zones under the Clean Air Act 1956. Under his guidance Liverpool became one of the first local authorities to employ mental welfare officers, and he helped to establish an employment unit for adolescents with learning difficulties. He was a member of the Royal College of Physicians and worked closely with the World Health Organization.
Semple died on 15 November 2013, aged 101.
# Thomas Stevens Stevens

Thomas Stevens Stevens (8 October 1900 – 12 November 2000) was a Scottish organic chemist. He was affectionately known as T.S.S. or Tommy Stevens.

## Life

He was born in Renfrew on 8 October 1900, the only son of John Stevens and his wife, Jane Irving. His father was a design engineer and Production Director of William Simons & Co. shipbuilders in Renfrew. He was home educated by his mother (a former schoolteacher) until 1908 then educated at Paisley Grammar School. In 1915 he moved to Glasgow Academy and completed his education there in 1917.
He studied Science at Glasgow University under a Taylor Open Bursary, graduating BSc in 1921. He continued at Glasgow as a researcher and as assistant to Horwood Tucker. In 1923 he went to Oxford University to study under Prof William Henry Perkin Jr, gaining his first doctorate (PhD) in 1925.
He returned to Glasgow University in 1925 as a university assistant. In 1928 he became a teaching assistant and in 1933 a Lecturer which he continued until 1947. In 1947 he moved to Sheffield University as a Senior Lecturer in Organic Chemistry. He became a Reader in 1949 and became Professor in 1963.
In 1963 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London In 1964 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Peter Pauson, James Bell, Ian Dawson and John Monteath Robertson.
He retired in 1966. In 1985 he was awarded an honorary doctorate (DSc) from Glasgow University.
He died on 12 November 2000, a few weeks after his 100th birthday.

## Family

In 1949 he married Janet Wilson Forsyth (d. 1994).
# Official Vinyl Singles Chart

The Official Vinyl Singles Chart is a weekly record chart in the United Kingdom. It is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) on behalf of the music industry. It lists the top 40 most popular singles in the vinyl format each week. The chart, along with the corresponding Official Vinyl Albums Chart, was launched on 6 April 2015 to coincide with Record Store Day, and was introduced in response to the major rise in popularity of vinyl records, both singles and albums; 2014 saw 1.3 million vinyl albums sold in the UK for the first time since 1995.
Martin Talbot, chief executive of the Official Charts Company, said: "We're delighted to launch the UK’s first Official Vinyl Albums and Official Vinyl Singles charts on OfficialCharts.com, to coincide with Record Store Day this coming weekend. With vinyl album sales up by almost 70% already this year, vinyl junkies could well have snapped up 2 million units by the end of this year – an extraordinary number, if you consider sales were one-tenth of that just six years ago. This growth underlines the continuing resurgence of this much-loved format, whether you're a fan of Arctic Monkeys, Noel Gallagher, Led Zeppelin or David Bowie."
On 12 April 2015, "Baby Wants to Ride" by Frankie Knuckles became the first number one on the Official Vinyl Singles Chart. It was a tribute to Knuckles as it was the first anniversary of his death.

## Best-selling vinyl singles by year

| Year | Single | Artist | Record label |
| 2015 | "The Dying of the Light" | Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds | Sour Mash |
| 2016 | "All for One" | The Stone Roses | EMI |
| 2017 | No Plan | David Bowie | Columbia |
| 2018 | "It's a Beautiful World" | Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds | Sour Mash |
| 2019 | "Last Christmas" | Wham! | RCA |
| 2020 | "All You're Dreaming Of" | Liam Gallagher | Warner |
| 2021 | "Ghost Town" | The Specials | Chrysalis |
| 2022 | "God Save the Queen" | Sex Pistols | Virgin |
| 2023 | "Now and Then" | The Beatles | Apple |
| 2024 | "Just Another Rainbow" | Liam Gallagher & John Squire | Warner |
# Lovechild (album)

Lovechild is a studio album credited to progressive rock band Curved Air, though only half the tracks are actually performed by the group. The album consists of previously unreleased demos overseen by Clifford Adams in the early 1970s: one by John O'Hara, two by Eddie Jobson, one by Kirby Gregory, and four by Curved Air. Vocalist Sonja Kristina explained the album's origin:
   Now that album was total piracy. Those were demo tapes I made for Warner Brothers, who had suddenly realized that I was the only original member — that it wasn't really Curved Air as it had been before. So Clifford Davis presented the tapes to Warners[sic] who decided for various reasons that they weren't going to continue with the contract.
As implied in Sonja Kristina's comment, Lovechild is essentially an "official" bootleg; neither Warner Brothers nor any of the band members gave permission for the demos to be released, and no royalties were paid to any of the band members from its sales. Years after she made the above comments, however, Repertoire Records obtained permission from both Warner Brothers and the musicians to reissue the album, and in 2011 a legit version with new liner notes was released, though unlike the original release it appeared only on CD.
The four Curved Air demos were recorded between Air Cut and the band's breakup. Jim Russell and Kirby Gregory had already left, and were replaced on the demos by Florian Pilkington-Miksa and Icelandic guitarist Thordur Arnason, known to the other band members as simply "Thor".
The album's cover is simply the artwork from the front cover of Air Conditioning superimposed on the artwork from the back cover of that same album.

## Personnel

* Sonja Kristina – vocals, acoustic guitar
* Eddie Jobson – keyboards (except on "Exsultate Jubilate"), violin
* Florian Pilkington-Miksa – drums (except on "The Flasher")
* Mike Wedgwood – bass (except on "The Flasher")
* Thordur Arnason - electric guitar (except on "The Flasher")
* Kirby Gregory – electric guitar on "The Flasher"
* Jim Russell – drums on "The Flasher"
* John O'Hara – keyboards and arrangement on "Exsultate Jubilate"

### Production credits

* Produced by Clifford Adams
* Published by C.A.M.
* Mixing Engineer: Steve Price, Assistant: Declan McGoven
* Recorded in London July 1973
* Mixed at C.T.S. Studios London March 1990
# Sarens

Sarens is a Belgian multinational company headquartered in Wolvertem, Belgium. Its business includes, heavy lift, engineered transport, and crane rental services. It produces a variety of equipment including cranes, transportation, gantries, jacking products, and other heavy lifting products.

## History

Sarens was founded by Frans Sarens in 1921 for forestry works and the transportation of trees using horses and carts. Soon, the company entered the mechanical transportation and lifting industry. It was incorporated on the 2nd of September in 1955. The company’s equipment has been used for projects including cement plant repairs, sea port operations, bridge construction, canal expansion (including the Panama Canal), mass transit construction, sports arenas, and power plant installations as well as repairs, such as the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant. Sarens has completed lifts with cranes stationed on both land and floating on the water.
Sarens has acquired companies over the years including the UK firm G W Sparrow and Sons in 1997, the crane rental business of the Dutch firm Riwal in 2007, the American firm Rigging International in 2009, the Polish firm Zuraw Grohman in 2010, and Canada Crane Services in 2010. They also have strategic partnerships with companies including Omega Morgan. Sarens was a winner and finalist in the 2015, 2016, and 2017 ESTA Awards.

## Equipment
### SGC-120

The SGC-120 is a versatile heavy lift ring crane and is the product of the combined engineering efforts of Sarens and its acquired company, Rigging International from California in 2009. The SGC‐120 is the world’s only Third Generation, 120,000 Tm (3200 metric ton lifting capacity). The crane is designed for the heavy lifting requirements in refinery work, oil and gas, mining, offshore platforms, and components for nuclear power plants. The SGC‐120 first became available in 2011.

### CS5000

The CS5000 was developed for the jacking of very-heavy structures and modules.

### SGC-250

Sarens claims that this crane, completed in November 2018, is the largest land based crane in the world. It has a maximum reach of 275 metres or maximum height of about 250 metres. Its maximum lifting capacity is 5,000 metric tons. It has retractable bogies so that it may be repositioned within its working site without the need for dismantling. In September 2019, it began operations at the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station construction site in Somerset, England.

### Other Equipment

The company has a wide range of other cranes, which lift from 50 MT to 1650 MT.

## Corporate governance

The CEO of the company is Wim Sarens, who represents the fifth generation of the Sarens family management. The president of the company is Ludo Sarens (father of Wim Sarens), who represents the fourth generation of the Sarens family in management of the company. In 2017, the company had about 4400 employees.
# Ribbon (disambiguation)

A ribbon is a thin band of flexible material, typically of cloth.
Ribbon or Ribbons may also refer to:
* Awareness ribbon a ribbon worn to signify sympathy for, and raise awareness of, a cause espoused by the wearer
* Ribbon (band), a Japanese J-pop group which consist of Hiromi Nagasaku, Arimi Matsuno and Aiko Satō
* Ribbon bar, small devices worn by military, police, fire service personnel or by civilians
* Ribbon cable, a cable with many conducting wires running parallel to each other on the same flat plane
* Ribbon (company), an online payments company
* Ribbon (computing), user interface concept
* Ribbon Communications, a technology company based in Westford, Massachusetts, United States
* Ribbon diagram (or Richardson diagram), 3D schematic representation of protein structure
* Ribbon (EP), a 2021 EP by Thai singer BamBam
* Ribbon (film), a 2017 Indian film
* Ribbon, Kentucky
* Ribbon knot, a restricted type of mathematical knot
* Ribbon (mathematics), a geometrical smooth strip
* Ribbon Ridge AVA, Oregon wine region in Yamhill County
* Ribbon (rhythmic gymnastics), a component of rhythmic gymnastics
* Ribbon Takanashi, Japanese professional wrestler
* Ribbon theory, a strand of mathematics within topology
* Ribbon, typewriter, an inked band of fabric used for typewriters, receipt printers and dot-matrix printers
* Ribbons (album), a 2019 album by Bibio
* Ribbons (sculpture), a 2024 work by Pippa Hale, in Leeds, England
* Ribbons VI, a 1989 sculpture by Stephen Fischer in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
* Ribbons, a character in the Doctor Who episode "It Takes You Away"
* Ribon, a monthly Japanese shōjo manga magazine

## People with the surname

* Elyse Ribbons (born 1980), American entrepreneur and writer
* Rosie Ribbons (born 1983), Welsh singer-songwriter
# Tipula silvestra

Tipula silvestra is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae, found in the western United States.
# Euphemia Cunningham

Euphemia Culbert Cunningham OBE BEM (later Baxter; 1892 – 2 August 1989) was a World War One munitions worker at HM Factory, Gretna, who was the first person from Edinburgh to be awarded a Medal of the Order of the British Empire for her bravery in rescuing injured workers, during an explosion in the cordite factory.

## Life

Euphemia Cunningham was born in Edinburgh in 1892, and had four brothers. Her father was a Gordon Highlander. She worked in a printing factory in Edinburgh, but in October 1915, as three of her brothers had died in World War I, she chose to join the 11,000 women involved in secret war work at the munitions factory in Gretna. The Gretna Girls was a collective nickname given to women munition workers at HM Factory Gretna in World War I.
Her role in the factory was in the nitroglycerin section, which involved mixing dangerous chemicals nitric acid, sulphuric acid and glycerine with nitro-cotton to make cordite. Within a few months, she was made forewoman of her section. She worked there until the factory closed in 1919.

## Factory explosion

In March 1917, there was an evacuation of workers, as an explosion risk was identified at the factory, but not all people could be accounted for and Cunningham promptly returned to search for missing women, despite the danger of explosion. She found and assisted a group to leave, just moments before a sudden explosion which killed one worker and injured nine others.
Her action was recognised in the award of the British Empire Medal (an honour later elevated to the OBE). She was given the medal in a ceremony in April 1918, by the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, as the first recipient in Edinburgh to have this honour. The ceremony took place in the afternoon of Tuesday 2 April in the Edinburgh Council Chamber, in the presence of a number of magistrates and other dignitaries. The medal was awarded "for courage and high example in continuing her duties immediately after a severe explosion."

## Personal life

Cunningham married Thomas Baxter of Annan in Edinburgh in 1921, and the pair emigrated to New Zealand in 1924. They lived in Auckland at first, moving to Wellington in 1930.
Euphemia Baxter died on 2 August 1989. She and her husband are both buried in the Karori Cemetery.

## Image

The Devil's Porridge Museum has an image of Cunningham with her medal.
# Giulio Cesare (disambiguation)

Giulio Cesare (Italian, 'Julius Caesar'), is an opera by Handel first performed in 1724.
Giulio Cesare may also refer to:

## People

* Giulio Cesare Martinengo (c. 1568 – 1613), Italian composer and teacher
* Giulio Cesare la Galla (1576–1624), Italian professor of philosophy
* Giulio Cesare Vanini, pen name of Lucilio Vanini (1585–1619), Italian philosopher, physician and free-thinker

## Ships

* Italian battleship Giulio Cesare, 1911–1949
* SS Giulio Cesare, an Italian ocean liner 1923–1944
* MS Giulio Cesare, an Italian ocean liner 1950–1973
# Lucius Genucius (Aventinensis)

Lucius Genucius (Aventinensis) was a nobleman of the Genucia gens of ancient Rome who lived in the 4th century BCE.
He was tribune of the plebs in 342 BCE, and brought forward a number of reforms in the wake of the Samnite Wars, known as the Leges Genuciae, abolishing usury, preventing the same person from holding two curule magistracies in the same year, or the same office twice within the next ten years (until 332 BCE), and requiring that at least one consul had to be plebeian. These reforms were, with the Licinio-Sextian rogations, the capstone legislation of the centuries-old Conflict of the Orders that defined much of Roman politics for the early history of the Republic.
# Myślibórz Wielki

Myślibórz Wielki (Polish pronunciation:; German: Groß Mützelburg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowe Warpno, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Nowe Warpno, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Police, and 32 km (20 mi) north-west of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Claire Hartfield

Claire Hartfield (born July 3, 1957) is an American writer of history-inspired novels, best known for her Coretta Scott King Award-winning non-fiction novel A Few Red Drops: The Chicago Race Riot of 1919.

## Personal life

Hartfield was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a white Jewish father and a Black mother and has three sisters.
At 10, she was chosen to dance with the Russian Bolshoi ballet company while they were vising Chicago and later became a member of the Yaledancers in college, the oldest group of ballet dancers at Yale University.
Despite being a writer focusing on historical events now, Hartfield says that she never really enjoyed history class in school, because she found that the texts they read were unrelatable and unapplicable to her life. It wasn't until college, when attended an anti-apartheid rally with her friends and read a book about the life of South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko, that she developed an interest in history.
She graduated with a B.A. degree from Yale College and a J.D. degree from the University of Chicago Law School.
Hartfield has three daughters.

## Selected works

Hartfield's non-fiction novel A Few Red Drops: The Chicago Race Riot of 1919, tells the story of the 1919 Chicago Race Riots that killed 38 people and wounded 537, two thirds of whom were Black victims.
Hartfield first heard of the Chicago Race Riots through her grandmother, who lived through them and found herself in the middle of the riots at twenty years old when stepping out of her home in summer 1919.
A few years prior to writing the book, she was again reminded of her grandmother's story when she saw the way police were interacting with protestors in the United States and wrote A Few Red Drops with the goal in mind to inspire coming generations to figure out a way to bring about change.
The novel's title was inspired by a line in the Carl Sandberg poem "I Am the People, the Mob," published in 1916, which reads "Sometimes I growl, shake myself and spatter a few red drops for history to remember.” Hartfield encountered the poem well into writing the novel while researching poems from the early 20th century and found that it summed up the message of her story perfectly.