OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Croghan

Dr. John Croghan (April 23, 1790 – January 11, 1849) was an American medical doctor and slave owner who helped establish the United States Marine Hospital of Louisville and organized some tuberculosis medical experiments and tours for Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky (U.S.) during 1839–1849.

## Early life

John Croghan was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky on April 23, 1790. He was the son of William Croghan and Lucy Clark, sister of the famous William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He attended the College of William and Mary, starting in 1807 and graduated in 1809. From 1810 to 1813, he was a student at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Medicine. He then returned to Kentucky where he helped establish the Louisville Marine Hospital in 1823, serving as its director until 1832.

## Work with Mammoth Cave

In October 1839, he bought 2,000 acres (8.1 km$^2$) near the Green River that included Mammoth Cave. He had planned to use the cave for medical purposes, as well as tourist use; he expected that its steady climate could benefit tuberculosis patients. Deep within the cave, patients with the disease lived in wooden and stone huts. Visitors during this experiment reported hearing constant coughing from the patients who appeared as pale, skeleton-like figures inside the huts. The smoke emitted by large fires, used for cooking and warmth, further harmed the patients. Several patients died, and the rest grew more sickly, causing the experiment to end in failure in 1843. Croghan's experiment added much to the medical profession's knowledge of tuberculosis and helped lead the way for control of the disease. Dr. Croghan himself died of the disease in 1849. Today, there are two remaining stone huts out of the original eight that can be found in Mammoth Cave.
He also continued using the cave as a tourist attraction. Following plans of the owner from the prior year, John Croghan used the services of Stephen Bishop, and other slaves, to conduct extensive mapping of the caves and provide guided tours. Interest in the caves grew. Dr. Croghan's own declining health, due to tuberculosis, led him to spend more time at his family's estate, Locust Grove, but he remained involved in the development of Mammoth Cave. He died on January 11, 1849, and left his estate and Mammoth Cave to his brother, his nieces, and his nephews, who organized cave tours until 1926.
# Generation Zero (video game)

Generation Zero is a first-person shooter video game developed and self-published by Avalanche Studios, under the brand Systemic Reaction. The game was announced in June 2018 and released on PlayStation 4, PC and Xbox One on March 26, 2019.

## Gameplay

Generation Zero is an open-world, co-operative, first-person shooter, survival game that can be played online with up to three other players or solo.

## Plot and setting

The game takes place in an alternate 1989 Sweden where violent robots have taken over. The robots range in size from tiny scouting drones to massive robots that tower over the houses. The player assumes the role of a Swedish teenager who returns from an island excursion to find that the local populace has disappeared as a result of the robotic invasion. While striving to survive in the Swedish wilderness, the player must figure out a means to beat the machines and learn what happened to people who lived there.
The artistic style of the game has frequently been likened to the artwork of Simon Stålenhag, including by the artist himself. However, despite perceived similarities, Avalanche Studios has denied that the style of the game has been inspired or motivated by Stålenhag's art and that the artist was involved directly or indirectly in the making of the game.

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | PC | PS4 | Xbox One |
| Metacritic | 51/100 | 45/100 | 50/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score | Score |
| Publication | PC | PS4 | Xbox One |
| Destructoid | 2.5/10 | N/A | N/A |
| Game Informer | N/A | 5/10 | N/A |
| IGN | 4/10 | N/A | N/A |
| PC Gamer (US) | 67/100 | N/A | N/A |
| Push Square | N/A | 3/10 | N/A |
According to review aggregator Metacritic, Generation Zero has received "generally unfavorable reviews" for the PlayStation 4 version of the game and "mixed or average reviews" for the Windows and Xbox One versions.
# Medieval Kings Chess II

Medieval Kings Chess II (MKC2) is a networked multiplayer chess game developed and published by Magmic Games primarily for mobile devices. This game was originally released in 2005 for BlackBerry, but has since been ported to Java and Windows Mobile handsets.

## Game Play

Medieval Kings Chess II is a classic chess game in which the player may choose to play against the artificial intelligence engine or against another player via the network play feature. To challenge other players, a player can set up a public or private game and invite friends to join, or join existing public or private games (via a password). Players can play up to 15 simultaneous games at one time. Multiplayer match results are tracked on Magmic's multiplayer servers, and become part of the player's profile.

## Elo Rating

While not originally part of MKC2, Magmic added a method of tracking players' Elo ratings with the launch of Magmic Social, a community site created to provide support and foster engagement with all Magmic titles and brands. As matches are completed, the win/loss information is used to calculate a current Elo rating for a player.

## Browser Play

With the launch of MKC2, Magmic introduced one of the first mobile games to cross over to the desktop browser with a Java-powered version of the game in the microsite. This in-browser version allows multiplayer play using the same networked environment as the mobile version. However, only one game can be played at a time using the browser version.
# Peter Robinson

Peter Robinson may refer to:

## Entertainment

* Peter Robinson (sideshow artist) (1873–1947), American actor and sideshow performer, known for his appearance in film Freaks (1932)
* J. Peter Robinson (born 1945), British musician and film score composer
* Peter Robinson (conductor) (born 1949), British conductor
* Peter Robinson (novelist) (1950–2022), British-born Canadian crime writer
* Peter Charles Robinson or Pete McCarthy (1951–2004), British comedian
* Peter Robinson (poet) (born 1953), British poet and professor
* Peter Robinson (New Zealand musician) (1958–2016), New Zealand musician
* Peter Robinson (artist) (born 1966), New Zealand artist of Maori descent
* Peter Robinson (Australian musician), founder of Australian band The Strangers
* Peter Manning Robinson, film score composer, see The Maddening
* Peter Robinson or Marilyn (singer) (born 1962), British pop singer

## Politics

* Peter Robinson (Canadian politician) (1785–1838)
* Peter Robinson (speaker) (1791–1841), American politician in New York state
* Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician) (born 1948), Northern Irish politician
* Pete Robinson (Georgia state politician), in 138th to 140th Georgia General Assembly (1985–90)

## Sports

* Peter Robinson (Australian footballer) (born 1953), Australian rules footballer
* Peter Robinson (cricketer, born 1929), English cricketer
* Peter Robinson (cricketer, born 1943), English cricketer
* Pete Robinson (drag racer) (1933–1971), American drag racer
* Peter Robinson (footballer, born 1922) (1922–2000), English footballer
* Peter Robinson (footballer, born 1957), English footballer
* Peter Robinson (rugby league) (born 1976), Australian rugby league footballer and commentator
* Peter Robinson (speedway rider), English motorcycle speedway rider

## Other professions

* Peter D. Robinson (born 1969), English bishop
* Peter Frederick Robinson (1776–1858), British architect
* Peter Robinson (chancellor), Canadian academic, see List of Canadian university leaders
* Peter Robinson (computer scientist) (born 1952), English academic and computer scientist
* Peter Robinson (journalist) (born 1977), British music journalist
* Peter Robinson (lawyer) (born 1953), American lawyer
* Peter Robinson (priest) (born 1961), archdeacon of Lindisfarne
* Peter Robinson (speechwriter) (born 1957), American speechwriter and interviewer
* Peter Robinson (1804–1874), British founder of the Peter Robinson department store chain

## Other uses

* Peter Robinson (department store)
# Geoff Brown (businessman)

Geoffrey Stewart Brown OBE (born c. 1943) is a Scottish businessman. He was chairman of St Johnstone from 1986 until November 2011.
In 1970, Brown founded G. S. Brown Construction, which specialises in homebuilding. Brown is still chairman of the company, which is a family business, with two of his sons also on the board of directors. In June 2011, it was revealed that the company was set to become the shirt sponsors of the club, to mark Brown's quarter-century as chairman.
Brown took control of St Johnstone in 1986, when they were in deep financial trouble and near the bottom of the Scottish Football League. A rights issue raised £150,000, which solved the club's short-term financial problems.
Alex Totten was soon appointed as manager. Under his guidance, the club made a rise from second-bottom in the Scottish Second Division in 1986 to mid-table in the Scottish Premier Division in late 1990. During this period, Brown oversaw the sale of Muirton Park to Asda and the club's move to a newly built McDiarmid Park stadium in the Tulloch area of the city, which was opened in 1989.
In August 2006, to mark Brown's twentieth anniversary as chairman of St Johnstone, the Perthshire Advertiser published his best-of-Saints XI from the past two decades:
* Alan Main
* Mark Treanor
* Callum Davidson
* Tommy Turner
* Sergei Baltacha
* Alan Kernaghan
* Allan Moore
* John O'Neil
* Roddy Grant
* Paul Wright
* Harry Curran
As Steve Lomas was presented to the media as the new St Johnstone manager in November 2011, Brown announced that he was going to pass control of the club to his son Steven.

## Personal life

Brown married his wife, Joyce, in 1962 and they have three sons (Stuart, Steve and Scott) and a daughter, Susan. His son, Steve, succeeded him as chairman of St Johnstone. Brown is also a racehorse owner and breeder.
Brown underwent a successful operation for prostate cancer in July 2001.
He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to Scottish football and the community in Perth.
# Robin Hood Rescuing Will Stutly

Robin Hood Rescuing Will Stutly (Roud 3957, Child 143) is a traditional English-language folk song about Robin Hood.

## Synopsis

Robin Hood is brought news that the Sheriff of Nottingham surprised Will Stutely, and though he killed two of the Sheriff's men, he was captured. They set out to rescue him, confirm the story from a palmer, and arrive as he is being brought out. Will Stutly offers to fight the sheriff's men, with his bare hands, if need be, but the sheriff is resolved to hang him. Little John jumps out to cut his bonds and give him a sword. Robin's men rouse up, and the sheriff and his men flee, and Robin's men go back to Sherwood.

## Influences

Francis James Child believed this to be derived from Robin Hood Rescuing Three Squires.

## Adaptations

The entire tale was used by Howard Pyle in his Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, often with no more changes than rendering the verse as prose. An anonymous "brave young man" was identified as David of Doncaster, as part of his development of that character.
# Midnight Sunshine

Midnight Sunshine is a 1984 studio album from Kikki Danielsson. She went to Nashville, Tennessee in the United States to record "Midnight Sunshine" in the Star Gem Studio. The album also entered the Swedish Albums Chart, peaking at number 24. The album was re-released to CD in 1995.

## Contributing musicians

* Stu Basore, Steel guitar
* Haywood Bishop, drums
* Kikki Danielsson, Vocals
* Leo Jackson, guitar
* Mike Leech, bass
* Roger Morris, keyboard
* Bil VornDick Engineer

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 24 |
# Tabernacle Baptist Church (Selma, Alabama)

The Tabernacle Baptist Church, at 1431 Broad St. in Selma, Alabama, United States, was built in 1922. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. On May 14, 1963, it was the site of the first mass meeting of the voting rights movement. Organized by Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) AL Voter Registration Campaign Chairman Bernard Lafayette and activist Amelia Boynton, the meeting hosted over 300 people in attendance. Selma Sheriff Jim Clark attended the meeting with other deputized men to attempt to scare or antagonize attendees.
It is a Baptist church in the National Baptist Convention, USA, and was designed by African American architect David T. West. The church became part of the African American Civil Rights Network in February 2021.
# Korova (record label)

Korova was a British record label, named after the fictitious Korova Milk Bar that was featured in the film A Clockwork Orange, 'korova' (корова) also being the Ukrainian and Russian word for 'cow'. The imprint was founded in London, England in 1979 as a division of Warner Communications' WEA (Warner-Elektra-Atlantic) record company. Korova's first album release was Echo & the Bunnymen's debut album Crocodiles, with Zoo Records' Bill Drummond and David Balfe closely involved in the project.
The label was originally active during the early to mid-1980s, not only releasing recordings by Echo & the Bunnymen, but also records by the Sound, Guns for Hire, Dalek I Love You, Tenpole Tudor, Ellery Bop and Strawberry Switchblade (like Echo & the Bunnymen, also management clients of Balfe). Korova also released a couple of singles by Drummond and Balfe's band with Lori Lartey called Lori & the Chameleons and put out a few UK releases from the Residents catalogue, as well as American artist Jeff Finlin's Angel in Disguise, with the single "American Dream #109". However, by the time Echo & the Bunnymen released their self-titled 1987 album, the label/brand had been dropped, with the album being released on the main WEA label.
In the 1990s, the label was re-activated by WEA for new indie-dance acts such as (Jefferson) Airhead, with the label used again by Warner Music Group in 2003 to issue the 25th anniversary remastered editions of Echo and the Bunnymen's first six LPs. At this point, WMG decided to use the label again for a number of indie acts in the mid-2000s, such as Cosmic Rough Riders and the Storys, but the company had collapsed by 2007.
# United States Post Office Building (Selma, Alabama)

The U.S. Post Office Building in Selma, Alabama, United States, also known as the Federal Building or United States Courthouse is an early 20th-century building on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Architecture and history

The Beaux-Arts-style building was constructed in 1909 and designed by architects and engineers in the Office of the Supervising Architect under James Knox Taylor. It was built to house facilities of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama, the United States Post Office and other federal agencies. In 1928 a one-story addition was added to the rear of the building, and the post office later moved to a new building on the other side of downtown.
The arch in front of the building was built in 1913 as a memorial to Alabama U.S. Senators John Tyler Morgan and Edmund W. Pettus, both of whom were former Grand Dragons of the Alabama Ku Klux Klan. The design was by Hugh A. Price, a monument designer from Chicago.
It was listed, for its architecture, in the National Register of Historic Places on March 26, 1976.
# Charles Wright (gridiron football)

Charles James Wright (born April 5, 1964) is an American former professional football defensive back who played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the St. Louis Cardinals, Dallas Cowboys and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was drafted by the Cardinals in the tenth round of the 1987 NFL draft. He first enrolled at Highland Community College before transferring to Fort Scott Community College and lastly the University of Tulsa. Wright attended Carthage Senior High School in Carthage, Missouri. He was also a member of the Ottawa Rough Riders, Edmonton Eskimos, Memphis Pharaohs and San Jose SaberCats. He is the brother of gridiron football player Felix Wright.
# Peter Simpson

Peter Simpson may refer to:
* Peter Simpson (film producer) (1943–2007), often credited as Peter R. Simpson, a British-Canadian film producer and advertiser
* Peter Simpson (Scottish footballer) (1904/05–1974), Scottish football striker who played for Crystal Palace in the 1920s and 1930s
* Peter Simpson (footballer, born 1945), English footballer who played for Arsenal in the 1960s and 1970s
* Peter Simpson (footballer, born 1940), English footballer who played for Burnley and Bury
* Peter Simpson (Native rights activist) (c. 1871–1947), Tsimshian activist for Alaska Native rights
* Peter Simpson (writer) (born 1942), and former member of the New Zealand Parliament
* Sir Peter Simpson (anaesthetist), former president of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
* Peter Simpson, vocalist who helped Joey Negro on the 2004 track "Fly Away"
* Pete Simpson (born 1930), Wyoming politician and educator
# Central Shalteng Assembly constituency

Central Shalteng is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Shalteng is also part of Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party | Party |
| 2024 | Tariq Hameed Karra | | Indian National Congress |

## Election results
### Assembly Election 2024

2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election : Central Shalteng :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC | Tariq Hameed Karra | 18,933 | 55.86% | New |
| | Independent | Mohammed Irfan Shah | 4,538 | 13.39% | New |
| | Independent | Noor Mohammad Sheikh | 4,103 | 12.11% | New |
| | JKPDP | Abdul Qayoom Bhat | 2,730 | 8.06% | New |
| | JKAP | Zaffer Habib Dar | 886 | 2.61% | New |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 821 | 2.42% | New |
| | Independent | Adil Hussain Dar | 357 | 1.05% | New |
| | Independent | Indomeet Singh | 350 | 1.03% | New |
| | JKANC | Riyaz Ahmad Mir | 295 | 0.87% | New |
| | Independent | Muddasir Rashid Bazaz | 203 | 0.60% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 14,395 | 42.47% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 33,891 | 31.45% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 1,07,770 | | |
| | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) | INC win (new seat) |
# Peter Spencer

Peter or Pete Spencer may refer to:
* Peter Spencer (religious leader) (1782–1843), American Christian leader
* Peter Spencer (journalist) (active 1970s onwards), British television news journalist
* Peter Spencer (Royal Navy officer) (born 1947), British naval officer and Chief of Defence Procurement
* Peter Spencer (footballer) (born 1956), Australian rules footballer
* Peter Spencer (farmer) (born c. 1948), Australian farmer and political activist
* Pete Spencer (born 1948), British musician in the British band Smokie
* Peter Spencer, a character in the 2020 film The Grudge
# Sound speed profile

A sound speed profile shows the speed of sound in water at different vertical levels. It has two general representations:
* tabular form, with pairs of columns corresponding to ocean depth and the speed of sound at that depth, respectively.
* a plot of the speed of sound in the ocean as a function of depth, where the vertical axis corresponds to the depth and the horizontal axis corresponds to the sound speed. By convention, the horizontal axis is placed at the top of the plot, and the vertical axis is labeled with values that increase from top to bottom, thus reproducing visually the ocean from its surface downward.
Table 1 shows an example of the first representation; figure 1 shows the same information using the second representation.
Table 1. A sound speed profile in tabular form. :
| Depth (m) | Sound speed (m/s) | Depth (m) | Sound speed (m/s) |
| 0 | 1540.4 | 500 | 1517.2 |
| 10 | 1540.5 | 600 | 1518.2 |
| 20 | 1540.7 | 700 | 1519.5 |
| 30 | 1534.4 | 800 | 1521.0 |
| 50 | 1523.3 | 900 | 1522.6 |
| 75 | 1519.6 | 1000 | 1524.1 |
| 100 | 1518.5 | 1100 | 1525.7 |
| 125 | 1517.9 | 1200 | 1527.3 |
| 150 | 1517.3 | 1300 | 1529.0 |
| 200 | 1516.6 | 1400 | 1530.7 |
| 250 | 1516.5 | 1500 | 1532.4 |
| 300 | 1516.2 | 1750 | 1536.7 |
| 400 | 1516.4 | 2000 | 1541.0 |
Although given as a function of depth, the speed of sound in the ocean does not depend solely on depth. Rather, for a given depth, the speed of sound depends on the temperature at that depth, the depth itself, and the salinity at that depth, in that order.
The speed of sound in the ocean at different depths can be measured directly, e.g., by using a velocimeter, or, using measurements of temperature and salinity at different depths, it can be calculated using a number of different sound speed formulae which have been developed. Examples of such formulae include those by Wilson, Chen and Millero ,and Mackenzie. Each such formulation applies within specific limits of the independent variables. There are software solutions that ease the adoption of such formulas, e.g., the open-source Sound Speed Manager.
From the shape of the sound speed profile in figure 1, one can see the effect of the order of importance of temperature and depth on sound speed. Near the surface, where temperatures are generally highest, the sound speed is often highest because the effect of temperature on sound speed dominates. Further down the water column, sound speed also decreases as temperature decreases in the ocean thermocline, and sound speed also decreases. At a certain point, however, the effect of depth, i.e., pressure, begins to dominate, and the sound speed increases to the ocean floor. Also visible in figure 1 is a common feature in sound speed profiles: the SOFAR channel. The axis of this channel is found at the depth of minimum sound speed. Sounds emitted at or near the axis of this channel propagate for very long horizontal distances, owing to the refraction of the sound back to the channel's center.
Sound speed profile data are necessary for underwater acoustic propagation models, especially those based on ray tracing theory.