# Degel HaTorah

Degel HaTorah (Hebrew: דגל התורה, lit. 'Banner of the Torah') is an Ashkenazi Haredi political party in Israel. For much of its existence, it has been allied with Agudat Yisrael, under the name United Torah Judaism.

## History

Degel HaTorah was founded in 1988, as a splinter from Agudat Israel. Its establishment by Rabbi Elazar Shach was due to ongoing policy disputes with the Hasidic rabbis within Agudat Yisrael. In the 1988 elections, the party won two seats, taken by Avraham Ravitz and Moshe Gafni, and joined Yitzhak Shamir's coalition government. For the 1992 elections, the party allied itself with Agudat Yisrael, under the name United Torah Judaism.
Although the party split shortly before the 1996 elections, they re-united for the elections. This was repeated for the 1999, 2006, and 2009 elections.
Currently (2022), the party has three MKs (of the seven representing United Torah Judaism): Moshe Gafni, Uri Maklev, and Ya'akov Asher.

## Ideology

Degel HaTorah represents the "Lithuanian wing" of the non-Hasidic Haredim (known as "Mitnagdim"), as opposed to the Hasidic-dominated Agudat Yisrael party. Sometimes, the parties compete against each other; at other times, they join forces within a political alliance called United Torah Judaism (UTJ) (Yahadut HaTorah in Hebrew).
In Jerusalem, it was based on a long-standing argument against a 1989 agreement between Degel HaTorah's then-spiritual leader Rabbi Elazar Shach, the venerated Rosh yeshiva of the famed Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak, and the spiritual leader of Agudat Yisrael, the Pnei Menachem of Gur, Rabbi Pinchas Menachem Alter. The deal, based on the demographics of the time, stated that when UTJ would join forces, Aguda would receive 60% of the seats, and Degel 40%. This agreement was first contested in May 2016, when Degel's Knesset leader Moshe Gafni demanded that then-Deputy Education Minister Meir Porush resign from the Knesset, in order to give Degel 3 out of the 6 seats held by UTJ. Porush was able to keep his ministerial position under the 2015 so-called Norwegian Law. In 2018, Degel reached a 50-50 agreement with Aguda, with an Aguda representative as the Chairman of the party.
Degel HaTorah's rabbinical arbiter ("posek") was, until his death in 2012, centenarian Rabbi Yosef Shalom Eliashiv of Jerusalem. Rabbi Eliashiv served as one of two Chairmen of Degel HaTorah's Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah ("Council of Torah Sages"). After Rabbi Eliyashiv's death, Rabbi Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman led the party; after him, by Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky and Rabbi Gershon Edelstein.

## Election results

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 1988 | Avraham Ravitz | 34,279 | 1.50 (#13) | 2 / 120 | New | Coalition |
| 1992 | Avraham Ravitz | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 1 / 120 | 1 | Opposition |
| 1996 | Avraham Ravitz | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 2 / 120 | 1 | Coalition |
| 1999 | Avraham Ravitz | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 2 / 120 | | Coalition |
| 2003 | Avraham Ravitz | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 2 / 120 | | Opposition |
| 2006 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 2 / 120 | | Opposition |
| 2009 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 2 / 120 | | Coalition |
| 2013 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 3 / 120 | 1 | Opposition |
| 2015 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 3 / 120 | | Coalition |
| Apr 2019 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 4 / 120 | 1 | Caretaker |
| Sep 2019 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 3 / 120 | 1 | Caretaker |
| 2020 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 4 / 120 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2021 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 4 / 120 | | Opposition |
| 2022 | Moshe Gafni | Part of United Torah Judaism | Part of United Torah Judaism | 3 / 120 | 1 | Coalition |