OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nasir Jamal

Nasir Jamal (born 21 December 1993) is an Afghan cricketer, who plays for the national cricket team. He made his international debut in July 2014.

## Career

Jamal's One Day International (ODI) debut was against Zimbabwe in July 2014. He made his Twenty20 debut for Mis Ainak Knights in the 2017 Shpageeza Cricket League on 12 September 2017.
In September 2018, he was named in Kandahar's squad in the first edition of the Afghanistan Premier League tournament.
In December 2018, he was included in Afghanistan's under-23 team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup.

### Test cricket

In May 2018, he was named in Afghanistan's squad for their inaugural Test match, played against India, but he was not selected for the match. In February 2019, he was named in Afghanistan's Test squad for their one-off match against Ireland in India, but was not selected in the playing eleven. In November 2019, he was again named in Afghanistan's Test squad, this time for the one-off match against the West Indies. He made his Test debut for Afghanistan, against the West Indies, on 27 November 2019.
# Carl Raguse

Carl William Albert Raguse (March 19, 1902 – March 1, 1988) was an American equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

## Biography

Carl Raguse was born in Auburn, New York on March 19, 1902. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1924.
He died in San Antonio, Texas on March 1, 1988.
# Bert Whittington

Albert John Whittington (1 January 1885 – 4 July 1969) was an Australian rules footballer who played with the Geelong Football Club in the VFL. He scored after the siren to tie the game for Geelong against Melbourne, the score at 54 all in 1911.
# Barry Thomas (speedway rider)

Barry John Thomas (born 29 October 1951, Harrow, Middlesex) is a former motorcycle speedway rider. He spent 20 consecutive seasons at the Hackney Wick Stadium and earned 26 international caps for the England national speedway team.

## Career

Although originally preferring Junior Grasstrack, Thomas was first spotted during interval demonstration rides at the home of the West Ham Hammers with friend and rival Dave Jessup, following which, he signed for the Canterbury Crusaders. He progressed through to heat leader status in his very first season averaging 6.03 and in 1970 helped the Crusaders win the league title. The form shown during his first season prompted Hackney Hawks promoter Len Silver to buy him for the Hawks in 1970.
He was given plenty of advice and help from Garry Middleton who helped him with any bike problems he had which resulted in him winning the British Junior Championship in that first season at Hackney.
He also twice won the prestigious London Riders' Championship in 1973 and 1974 and became a regular representing his country in the test matches.
He became Hackney Captain in 1975 and played a huge part in the signing of Polish Champion Zenon Plech. Although he never fulfilled his early potential to become one of the world's best riders, mostly notably never reaching a world final, he became a successful British League heat leader thrilling fans around the country with his exciting never say die racing style which saw most of his points scored by overtaking opposing riders after his characteristic poor start . He was awarded a testimonial for 10 years service in 1979.
In 1981, after a couple of poor seasons, he dropped into the National League with the Crayford Kestrels but continued his Hackney career as reserve. However, in 1984 Crayford were forced to close and the promotion moved the team to Hackney to compete in the National League as the Hackney Kestrels and Thommo returned full-time to Hackney again as captain.
In 1989, he was awarded a record-breaking second testimonial, being the only rider to ever spend 20 consecutive years at one speedway club.
He has since made one or two special appearances; most notably in 2001 he made a special one-off appearance for a Hackney team in a meeting at Rye House Stadium, having never ridden a bike for thirteen years and after a further 10 years won a veteran speedway event at Lydd speedway in 2011.
# Toxotes lorentzi

Protoxotes lorentzi is a tropical freshwater fish found in streams and swamps of the Northern Territory of Australia and the island of New Guinea. It was first named by Weber in 1910, and is commonly known as the primitive archerfish or Lorentz's archerfish.

## Taxonomy and description

Protoxotes lorentzi is believed to range in length from 69–150 millimetres (2.7–5.9 in), though specimens reaching 230 millimetres (9.1 in) in length have been observed. P. lorentzi normally has five dorsal spines and is a silvery tan or brown colour, with a dark pectoral base. While bars and spots are distinct features of other members of the genus, T. lorentzi usually has no markings, or else very faint bars on its sides. P. lorentzi usually has three gill rakers on the lower limb of its first branchial arch, but two and four are also possible. It usually has fewer than 38 scales on its lateral line.
Protoxotes lorentzi was described by Max Carl Wilhelm Weber in 1910. It was initially believed that P. lorentzi is the most "primitive" species of archerfish due to its lack of markings and straight dorsal line, a view that Weber endorsed; Gilbert Whitley, who shared this view, reclassified T. lorentzi under the new monotypic genus Prototoxotes which he erected for it in 1950. Later authors initially disputed the assertion that T. lorentzi is more primitive and considered Protoxotes a synonym of Toxotes. However, the first comprehensive analysis that included both DNA sequence data and morphological data supported Whitley's assertion and recommended that this species be classified in Protoxotes given the clear separation and redundancy of Toxotidae and Toxotes in recent classifications.

## Behaviour

Like other archerfish, P. lorentzi feeds on terrestrial insects by shooting a stream of water onto low-hanging vegetation at the edges of streams and capturing the insects as they fall into the water. Such insects are believed to make up a significant portion of its diet.

## Distribution and habitat

The range of Protoxotes lorentzi includes a handful of areas in the Northern Territory of Australia: the Timor Sea drainage at Yam Creek, the Finniss River, and Sawcut Creek, Deaf Adder Creek, and Baroalba Creek, part of the South Alligator River system. In addition, it is also common in the Fly River Delta. Its range also includes the Balima River and the Merauke River of central southern New Guinea.
Protoxotes lorentzi generally inhabits swamps and the edges of streams with vegetative cover. It is most commonly observed in surface waters.
Because P. lorentzi has wide distribution and no major widespread threats are known, IUCN considers it to be of "Least Concern".
# Hadith Dhulqarnayn

The Hadīth Dhī ʾl-Qarnayn (or Hadith Dhulqarnayn), also known as the Leyenda de Alejandro, is an anonymous Hispano-Arabic legend of Alexander the Great (whom it identifies as Dhu al-Qarnayn, a figure known from the eighteenth chapter of the Quran). It dates to the 15th century.
As with other Arabic Alexander legends in the tradition of the Alexander Romance literature, the story describes Alexander's journeys across the world (such as an encounter with the king of China), his relationship with the mystical prophet Khidr, and the piety of the main character, Alexander.
It is closely related to the Sīrat al-Iskandar, including in how both texts interpolate from the Syriac Alexander Legend, such as in how it describes the construction of the Gates of Alexander designed to keep out and confine Gog and Magog. The text identifies Gog and Magog with the Khazars, a semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic group.

## Manuscripts and editions

The Hadith Dhulqarnayn is known from one manuscript, though that manuscript is missing the first five folios; as such, the extant version begins mid-sentence. An Arabic edition with a translation into Spanish was published in 1929 by E. García Gómez.
# Edmon López Möller

Edmon López Möller, (born 16 July 1996) is a Spanish professional squash player. He reached a career high ranking of 48 in the world during October 2020.

## Career

López played at the 2013 Under 17 Dutch Junior Open Squash, Open International de Squash de Nantes 2015, 2015 Men's European Individual Closed Championships quarterfinals, 2017 Men's World Squash Championship, and 2018–19 PSA Men's World Squash Championship.
In 2024, López won his 12th PSA title after securing victory in the Oban Open during the 2024–25 PSA Squash Tour.
# Beth Jacob Congregation (Mendota Heights, Minnesota)

Beth Jacob Congregation is a Conservative synagogue located in Mendota Heights, Minnesota, in the United States. The congregation was founded in 1985, and the existing synagogue was completed in 1988.

## Activities

Regular services take place on weekday mornings, on the Shabbat, including dedicated children's services, and on the Jewish holidays.
The community has received nine national programming awards from the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism for its social activities (Chesed). Beth Jacob also participated in a nationwide study of the Conservative movement in the United States, the results of which were published in the book "Jews in the Center: Conservative Synagogues and their Members".
The kosher certification process Magen Tzedek ("Justice Certification") was pioneered by Rabbi Morris Allen of Beth Jacob in response to a scandal involving kosher meat producer Agriprocessors in 2006.
# Raveau

Raveau (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.
It is located near La Charité-sur-Loire, close to the river Loire and the border with the Cher department.
The parish church is dedicated to Saint-Gilles et Saint-Leu. Parts of the building, including the main doorway with a statue of St Antony, date back to 1052.
# Chungnam National University Law School

Chungnam National University Law School (CNULS, colloquially referred as Chungnam Law) is the professional graduate law school of Chungnam National University located in Daejeon, South Korea. Established in 2009, Chungnam Law is one of only twenty-five officially-accredited law schools of South Korea, only whose graduates can take unified bar examination of South Korea.
Chungnam Law offers courses for JD, SJD and PhD in Law; each class in Chungnam Law's three-year JD program enrolls about one hundred students, making it one of big law schools in South Korea where law student enrollment is tightly capped at 2,000 each year by the government.
Located in the same city with South Korean Patent Court and numerous research institutes and laboratories in Daedeok Science Town, Chungnam Law specializes in Intellectual Property Law: its JD students frequently winning annual National Patent Moot Competition.
# George Shaw (footballer, born 1886)

George "Yorkie" Shaw (1 April 1886 – 30 April 1971) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1910s.

## Football

At 164 cm, rover George Shaw was one of the smallest players in the game's history and kicked two goals in their 1913 Grand Final win against St Kilda. He also played in their premiership side in 1916, retiring in 1920 after playing 117 games for Fitzroy.
Following an unsuccessful pre-season trial with Richmond in 1922, Shaw took a position on the VFL field umpires list. Umpiring primarily in the Peninsula Football Association through 1922 and 1923, he was selected to umpire two VFL matches in August 1923, making his debut as a substitute for umpire Bob Scott, who was ill.

## Death

He died at Fitzroy, Victoria on 30 April 1971.
# John Kirby (baseball)

John F. Kirby (January 13, 1865 – October 6, 1931) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played all or part of five seasons in the majors, from 1884-1888, for the Kansas City Cowboys of the Union Association and St. Louis Maroons, Indianapolis Hoosiers, Cleveland Blues and Kansas City Cowboys of the American Association.
# Bačkovík

Bačkovík (1323 Bagak, 1427 Nagybagyok, Nagybadoch, 1430 Nogh Bagh, Kysbagh) (German: Batschkowig; Hungarian: Bátyok) is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Košice Region of Slovakia.

## History

Historically, the village was first mentioned in 1329as Sztancsóy (Stančov) feudatories’ property. After, in the order, it belonged to Perényi (1427), Zombory (18th century), Desseffwy and Bocskay noble families.

## Geography

The village lies at an altitude of 269 metres and covers an area of 4.18 km$^2$ (1.61 sq mi). It has a population of about 400 people.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive in Košice (Slovak: Štátny archív v Košiciach).
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1755-1895
* Greek Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1788-1906
* Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1775-1895
* Census records 1869 of Backovik are available at the state archive.
# 2012 in Poland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events during the year 2012 in Poland.

## Incumbents

Incumbents :
| Position | Person | Party |
| President | Bronisław Komorowski | Independent (Supported by the Civic Platform) |
| Prime Minister | Donald Tusk | Civic Platform |
| Marshal of the Sejm | Ewa Kopacz | Civic Platform |
| Marshal of the Senate | Bogdan Borusewicz | Independent (Supported by the Civic Platform) |

## Events
### March

* 3 March – Szczekociny rail crash

## Deaths

* 5 March – Marek Kuszewski, fencer (born 1933).
* 7 September – Leszek Drogosz, boxer and actor (born 1933).
* 10 October – Piotr Lenartowicz, philosopher (born 1934).
* 11 October – Edward Kossoy, lawyer, publicist and activist for victims of Nazism (born 1913).
* 17 November – Henryk Grzybowski, footballer (born 1934)
# Joe Wilkinson (footballer, born 1995)

Joseph Francis Wilkinson (born 2 November 1995) is an English professional footballer.

## Club career

Born in Dewsbury, Wilkinson made his professional début for Huddersfield Town playing in an unfamiliar position of right-back in a 2–2 Football League Championship draw against Blackburn Rovers.
In March 2016 he joined Bradford Park Avenue on a youth loan.
Following his release from Huddersfield Town he had spells at Buxton and Liversedge before signing for Ossett Albion in August 2017.
# Battle of Amritsar (1798)

The Battle of Amritsar was fought on 24 November 1798 between the Sikh forces led by Ranjit Singh and the Afghan forces led by Zaman Shah Durrani.

## Event

On 24 November 1798 Zaman Shah, occupying the city of Lahore, sent a force of 10,000 men to Amritsar. Ranjit Singh with Sahib Singh commanding 500 troops were patrolling the Lahore road near Amritsar. They saw the Afghans and immediately engaged in battle. Meanwhile, some Sikhs from Amritsar joined Ranjit Singh with 2,000 additional troops. About 500 men were killed on both sides which forced the Afghans to retreat back to Lahore.
# Island Macaskin

Island Macaskin or MacAskin (Scottish Gaelic: Eilean MhicAsgain) is an island in Loch Craignish, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. It is owned by the Jenkin family and has been since 1904.

## History and wildlife

The island was formerly inhabited, and unusually for the Scottish islands, is quite well wooded, with some mature trees scattered about. It appears to have been abandoned in the 1880s, but there is ample evidence of human habitation on it, including a number of walls, a sheep pen, and a lime kiln.
A number of wild flowers grow here, though not as many as on nearby Eilean Rìgh.

## Geography and geology

The island is long and narrow, aligned southwest–northeast, parallel to the nearby shore of the mainland. It is basically a ridge, with the west being higher than the east. The western side is dominated by the steep sides to the islands central ridge that reaches a height of 65 metres (213 ft). A line of skerries extend from the south of the island into the Sound of Jura.
The geology is metamorphic apidiorite with some Dalriadan quartzite at the south end.
It is surrounded by various smaller islands including Eilean nan Gabhar, Eilean nan Coinean, Garbh Rèisa, Rèisa an t-Sruith, Rèisa MhicPhàidein and Eilean na Cille.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Overview of Island Macaskin". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 16 December 2007.
* ↑ Both Haswell-Smith (2004) and the Gazetteer for Scotland state the area is 50 ha. However, estimates from Ordnance Survey maps suggest it may be in the 60-70 ha range.
* ↑ Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
* ↑ General Register Office for Scotland (28 November 2003) Occasional Paper No 10: Statistics for Inhabited Islands Archived 2007-05-25 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
* ↑ "Get-a-Map". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 14 September 2009
* 1 2 3 Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. pp. 56–58. ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7.
# Gudarzi Rural District

Gudarzi Rural District (Persian: دهستان گودرزئ) is in Oshtorinan District of Borujerd County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Bondizeh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 16,875 in 4,438 households. There were 16,321 inhabitants in 4,779 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 16,375 in 5,223 households. The most populous of its 14 villages was Vanai (now a city), with 4,862 people.
# Schönhauser Allee

Schönhauser Allee in Berlin is one of the most important streets of the Prenzlauer Berg district.
Schönhauser Allee begins at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz in the south and ends at Schonensche Straße in the north. Many of the side streets of Schönhauser Allee are named after Scandinavian cities as Bornholmer Straße and Kopenhagener Straße. The street was named after the Schönhausen Palace in Pankow.
The Berlin U-Bahn line U2 follows the boulevard on an elevated railway.
52°32′27″N 13°24′43″E﻿ / ﻿52.54083°N 13.41194°E﻿ / 52.54083; 13.41194
# Frankfurter Allee

The Frankfurter Allee is one of the oldest roads of Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It extends the Karl-Marx-Allee from Frankfurter Tor in the direction of the city of Frankfurt (Oder). It is part of Bundesstraße 1 and has a length of 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi).
Line U5 of the city's U-Bahn runs beneath the length of Frankfurter Allee. The U-Bahn stations of Frankfurter Tor, Samariterstraße, Frankfurter Allee, Magdalenenstraße and Lichtenberg are all under or adjacent to the street. Frankfurter Allee and Lichtenberg stations are also served by the city's S-Bahn.

## History

Following the establishment of the German Democratic Republic the Frankfurter Allee was officially renamed Stalinallee on 22 December 1949 to honour Stalin's 70th birthday. The street was to become the most well known in East Berlin, with the poet Kurt Barthel penning a poem to commemorate the occasion of its renaming:
Wie soll man Stalin danken? Wir geben dieser Strasse seinen Namen.
In August 1951 the first statute of Stalin to be erected in the GDR was unveiled on Stalinallee. A new building programme was also launched in the same year to provide housing in the area around the street. Led by the architect Hermann Henselmann the project was designed in the Stalinist style, but reputedly suffered from poor construction work and ran over budget. Despite being intended as a showcase of the Stalinist project in the GDR, the East German uprising of 1953 first began on a construction site of the project. In November 1961 the road was once again renamed Frankfurter Allee.
# Justus Erich Walbaum

Justus Erich Walbaum (25 January 1768 – 21 June 1837) was a German typefounder and punchcutter of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Walbaum was a punchcutter, who carved steel punches used as a master to stamp matrices, the moulds used to cast metal type. Walbaum was born in Steinlah, a district of the town of Haverlah in modern Lower Saxony. Based first in Goslar and later in Weimar, he created type in the Didone style, also known as the 'rational' or 'modern' style. This style, inspired by the work of type designers such as the Didot family and Giambattista Bodoni, involved a sharper contrast between thick and thin strokes than was used previously, and a more modular design abstracted from handwriting. Jan Tschichold described his designs as 'the most beautiful German version' of modern type. He also created type in the Fraktur style of blackletter.
Walbaum was the son of a clergyman, Johann Erich Walbaum. Initially apprenticed to a grocer and confectioner, he became interested in engraving through working to make moulds for confectionery. After briefly working for the publisher Johann Peter Spehr as an engraver, he received a concession to set up a type-foundry in Goslar in 1796, in 1802 moving it to Weimar where there was more of a market for his work.
Walbaum's original intention was to pass his business onto his son Theodor, who took over its running from 1828, but with the unexpected death of Theodor in July 1836 he sold the concern to the publisher F.A. Brockhaus AG, who later sold materials to H. Berthold AG in 1918.
Walbaum's style of type was influential in his lifetime and the following century. It became less popular in the twentieth century due to a change in taste which preferred 'old-style' serif letterforms, based on printing before the nineteenth century, although it was extensively used by the artisanal Curwen Press in London. However, revivals have been created by Monotype, Linotype, Berthold and others in the twentieth century, and by František Štorm more recently.
# Oshtorinan Rural District

Oshtorinan Rural District (Persian: دهستان اشترينان) is in Oshtorinan District of Borujerd County, Lorestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Shahrak-e Shahid Mohammad-e Borujerdi.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 5,699 in 1,503 households. There were 4,904 inhabitants in 1,492 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,240 in 1,415 households. The most populous of its 20 villages was Shahrak-e Shahid Mohammad-e Borujerdi, with 1,200 people.