OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dialing scales

Dialing scales are used to lay out the face of a sundial geometrically. They were proposed by Samuel Foster in 1638, and produced by George Serle and Anthony Thompson in 1658 on a ruler. There are two scales: the latitude scale and the hour scale. They can be used to draw all gnomonic dials – and reverse engineer existing dials to discover their original intended location.

## History

Dialing scales were first discussed by Samuel Foster in 1638. P. Pierre Bobynet, a Jesuit drew a scale in his book L'horographie ingenieuse contenant des Connoissances, & Curiositez Agréables dans la composition des Cadrans, in 1647. It was however George Serles 1657 book, Dialling Universal, printed by R & W Leybourn that brought them to popular attention. These scales remained virtually unchanged for 250 years. E. C. Middleton, who had been engraving dialling scales from about 1895, supplied dialling scales accompanied by a typewritten instruction book from Birmingham in 1913– these were the scales calculated by Serle. The North American Sundial Society has printed facsimiles of both the Serle and Middleton books. The Middleton dial appeared without explanation in the 1994 Encyclopedia de Diderot et Alembert (French). Further work has done on these rulers by F.W. Cousins, and by Fred W Sawyer from 1997–2009.

## Description

The traditional scales (Foster Serle scales) are drawn on a ruler. The hour scale shows $\sin t \over \sin t+\cos t$ and the latitude scale shows $\sin \varphi \over {\sqrt {1+\sin ^{2}\varphi }}$.
The graduation of these rulers is independent of latitude, making them suitable for drawing all dials. The Foster Serle dial is randomly set for a value of 45°, and is more precise for latitudes below 45°. It is thus a special case in an infinite set of rulers.

## Usage

A right-angle is drawn on the dial-face and the latitude scale is laid against the x-axis. The target latitude point is marked across on to the dial face. The hour scale is placed from this point to the noon line (conventionally, the zero point is on the noon line). Each of the hour points is copied over to the dial face, and this procedure is repeated, giving the hours both sides of noon. A straight edge is used to connect these points to the origin, thus drawing the hour lines for that location. A vertical line from the target latitude point, and a horizontal line through the noon point will bisect at the three-hour (9 am–3 pm) marker.
In the northern hemisphere the hours run clockwise. Symmetries about the noon line, the six-hour line and the three-hour marker can be detected – and these can be used to add additional lines.
The style will be at the same angle as the latitude. It can be simply drawn using the Line of Chords scale on the dialing ruler. A set of compasses is extended to the 60° point on the line of chords. A radius is drawn from the substyle. The compasses are set to the target latitude on the line of chords scale. This measurement is transferred along the radius. That angle represents the style height.
They can be used to draw all gnomonic dials – and reverse engineer existing dials to discover their original intended location.
# Melanotus villosus

Melanotus villosus is a species of beetle in the family Elateridae and the genus Melanotus.

## Description

Adult beetles size is 14–19 millimetres (0.55–0.75 in), but could extend up to 20 millimetres (0.79 in). The color of body and legs is black. It carries brown tarsi on its legs. And the antennas are brownish-black. Males have longer antennas and prothorax than females.

## Distribution

The species can be found everywhere throughout England (Sherwood Forest), Wales, Scotland (especially in Loch Lomond, Dumfries, and Galloway), and the far North-west.

## Ecology

The beetle eats old pine stumps.
# Ashok Kumar (Jammu and Kashmir politician)

Ashok Kumar (Hindi: अशोक कुमार; born 24 November 1958) was a Member of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly for Ramban. He was elected in the 2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election and served one term. His political party is the Indian National Congress.

## Electoral performance

| Election | Constituency | Party | Result | Votes % | Opposition Candidate | Opposition Party | Opposition vote % |
| 2014 | Ramban | INC | Lost | 9.42% | Neelam Kumar Langeh | BJP | 42.30% |
| 2008 | Ramban | INC | Won | 43.47% | Bali Bhagat | BJP | 22.88% |
| 2002 | Ramban | INC | Lost | 30.10% | Chaman Lal | JKNC | 36.12% |
# Steppin' Out with My Baby

"Steppin' Out with My Baby" is a popular song written by Irving Berlin and introduced in the 1948 musical film Easter Parade. There it was sung by Fred Astaire as part of a dance number involving Astaire on stairs and three different dance partners.

## Tony Bennett recordings

Since "Easter Parade", the song has been recorded and performed by several artists, most notably Tony Bennett, in whose treatment it has become a jazz standard. Introduced as the title song on his 1993 Astaire-themed album Steppin' Out, a stylish music video for it garnered some MTV airplay and was part of Bennett's commercial resurgence at the time. One such performance was included on his high-selling 1994 MTV Unplugged album. Later Bennett recorded it as bonus tracks duets with Michael Bublé and Delta Goodrem for his 2006 Duets: An American Classic album; performed it three times with Christina Aguilera on his NBC special An American Classic, Saturday Night Live, and the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2007; and in 2011 with Haley Reinhart in the finale show of American Idol season 10. Aguilera and Bennett's version was nominated in 2008 50th Annual Grammy Awards in the category Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Bennett continued to perform the song until his retirement in 2021, at the age of 95.

## Other recordings

* Fred Astaire included the song on his album The Astaire Story (1952)
* Doris Day recorded the song for her "Cuttin' Capers" album (1959).
* Curtis Stigers, alongside the John Wilson Orchestra performed the song as the opening song for the film Ted 2 (2015).
* American swing revivalists the Cherry Poppin' Daddies recorded a version of the song on their 2016 cover album The Boop-A-Doo, alongside several other songs originally composed by Berlin.

## Popular culture

* It was also used as the ending song for the film She's Funny That Way (with footage "Easter Parade").
* The song was performed by the cast of the BBC's, Are You Being Served? on the 1978 episode, "Happy Returns".
# Charlie Hodnett

Charles Hodnett (1861 – April 25, 1890) was a Major League Baseball pitcher from 1883 to 1884. He played for the St. Louis Browns and the St. Louis Maroons.
Hodnett began his career with the American Association's Browns in 1883. He started four games, going 2-2 with a 1.41 earned run average. In 1884, he jumped to the Maroons of the Union Association. As the fifth starter on the team, he went 12-2 with a 2.01 ERA (which ranked seventh in the league). St. Louis won the pennant with a record of 94-19.
Hodnett retired from baseball after that season, due to pain resulting from an ulcerated foot. He died six years later.
# Ienissei Ramic

Ienissei Ramic, born 27 June 1990 is a French concert pianist.

## Biography

Ienissei Ramic was born in Moscow and lived in Serbia until the age of ten. He grew up in a family of musicians and began studying the piano when he was three years old with his pianist mother, a student of Evgeny Lieberman (himself a pupil of the legendary Heinrich Neuhaus). His father, a virtuoso, won the First Prize for the accordion at the Concours International de Venise in 1984.
With his family, Ienissei Ramic left Serbia for France, where he enrolled in the Conservatoire de Boulogne- Billancourt, in Hortense Cartier-Bresson's class. At the age of 16, he joined Alain Planès’ class at the CNSMDP where he brilliantly distinguished himself, passing his bachelor and master's degrees with the highest honors. At the same time, Lilya Zilberstein and Menahem Pressler were teaching him their secrets. With this background, he joins the great tradition of early 20th century pianists, a tradition in which the piano sings.
In Paris, Ienissei Ramic has appeared at the Salle Gaveau, Bal Blomet, Salle Cortot, where he gave a performance of Franz Liszt’s 12 Transcendantal Etudes and Ravel’s Piano Concerto in G major with orchestra, in Lyon he gave a recital at the Salle Molière. He played at the Hôtel des Ventes de Drouot for the Parisian premiere of Fanny Mendelssohn’s Easter Sonata. Figaro Culture dedicated its front page to the manuscript’s sale, qualifying Ienissei Ramic as a “virtuoso.” Perfumer Jean-Paul Guerlain invited Ienissei to play at his birthday concert and he has participated in several recitals for the charity organization “Virtuoses du Coeur.” As musical director of Leos Janacek’s “The Diary of One Who Disappeared”, staged by Louise Moatty, he was again cited in the Figaro: T. Hillériteau wrote “Ienissei Ramic manages to make one forget the various orchestrations that have been made of the cycle and restore its original purity.” In 2016 he recorded the less-known works of Dynam-Victor Fumet and Raphael Fumet with Polymnie/The Orchard. On France Musique, Frédérique Lodéon commented on his “virtuoso!” playing and Benoît Duteurtre described him as a “brilliant pianist”. Ienissei Ramic's album SERENADE dedicated to the works of Enrique Granados (Angara Mic/InOuie Distribution.) has received special mention by critics and the press. In 2017, Ienissei Ramic made his Chinese debut at the legendary Huangpu Theater in Shanghai, and performed in a series of recitals in Nankin, Shenzhen and Canton. Also a composer, Ienissei's work was performed in Paris at the Théâtre Ranelagh during a silent film screening. Ienissei Ramic has been invited to perform in concerts in Russia, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Germany and Serbia.

## Discography

* Dynam-Victor Fumet, Raphael Fumet, Works for Solo Piano, Polymnie (2016)
* Enrique Granados, Serenade : Goyescas, Danzas Españolas, Angara Mic (2018)
* Fauré, Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Purcell, Rubinstein, Saint-Saëns, Massenet, Puccini, Rossini, MASQUERADE : Transcriptions for piano, Angara Mic (2021)
# Sowno, Koszalin County

Sowno (Polish pronunciation:; German: Alt Zowen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sianów, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Sianów, 22 km (14 mi) east of Koszalin, and 153 km (95 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Battle of Toulouse (844)

The Battle of Toulouse in 844 was part of the campaign by Charles the Bald in Aquitaine to force the submission of Pepin II of Aquitaine, the rebellious son of Pepin, the half-brother of Charles. The historical context of this battle is the three-year Carolingian civil war, culminating in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye in 841. Here Charles and Louis the German defeated their brother Lothair I, who retreated to the south with his army.
A key player in this intrigue was Bernard of Septimania, Count of Barcelona, who remained outside the battle awaiting its result, upon which he sent his son William of Septimania to offer homage to Charles and to promise him that his father would obtain the submission of Charles’ nephew Pepin II, who was claiming to rule Aquitaine. It seems that Bernard had no intention of keeping this last promise.
During Charles’ campaign in Aquitaine of 842, he decided to punish Bernard, dispossessing him of the county of Toulouse in favor of Acfred, Count of Toulouse. Bernard refused to accept the decision and revolted, openly allying himself to Pepin II and expelling Acfred from Toulouse in 843. Charles responded by sending Guerin, Duke of Provence, to direct the 842 campaign in Aquitaine against Bernard.
Renewed Viking invasions and Breton raids compelled an end to the internal civil struggles afflicting the empire and, in August 843, the Treaty of Verdun was signed between Charles, Louis, and Lothair. Septimania and Gothia were left in the hands of Charles. The county of Uzès, where Bernard still possessed estates, was assigned to Lothair. Furthermore, the county of Autun, which had long been lost to Bernard, and to which his son had renewed a claim, was given to Guerin.
In 844, Charles returned to Aquitaine with the objective of forcing Pepin II to submit and conquering Toulouse. Bernard was captured by the royal forces during the assault on Toulouse. In May 844, Bernard was presented to Charles, who ordered his execution. Ekkehard, Count of Hesbaye, and two of his sons were killed in the battle.
The Frankish troops were beaten by the Aquitanians near the river Agout and were forced to retreat without significant accomplishments. However, Pepin’s ally Nominoë, Duke of Brittany, refused to submit, and eventually defeated Charles in the Battle of Ballon on 22 November 845.

## Sources

* Reuter, Timothy (Translator), The Annals of Fulda, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1992
* Lewis, Archibald R., The Dukes in the Regnum Francorum, A.D. 550-751, Speculum 51.3, July 1976
* Bury, J. B. (Editor), The Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III: Germany and the Western Empire, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1922
# Realising Freedom's Capability

Realising Freedom's Capability, also known as Uwezo (Leadership), was a political party in the Comoros.

## History

The party was established in Paris by former Foreign Minister Mouzawar Abdallah in 1984 as the Union for a Democratic Republic in the Comoros (Union pour une République Démocratique aux Comores, URDC). In 1990 it was reorganised as UWEZO. The party was part of the "no" camp for the 1992 constitutional referendum. It won a single seat in the 1992 parliamentary elections, and retained it in early elections the following year.
The party nominated Mouzawar as its candidate for the 1996 presidential elections. Abdallah failed to make the second round. Later in 1996 it was one of several parties that merged to form the National Rally for Development.
# Kimberly Yokers

Kimberly R. Yokers (born May 24, 1982) is an American professional soccer midfielder. She played for Western New York Flash of the NWSL, for FC Gold Pride of the WPS, and was a former member of the United States U-21 women's national soccer team.

## Early life

Born in Seattle, Washington, Yokers attended Mt. Rainier High School in Des Moines, Washington where she was a three-time all-league honoree. She was a two-time selection to the Valley News all-area team and a two-time team MVP helping lead her high school team to second in the state in 1999 and third in 1997. She also played for club team, the Highline Eagles, and won the Washington State Cup five times.

### College career

Yokers attended Cal Berkeley where she played as a central midfielder for the Cal Bears. In 2000, she started 20 of the 21 games she played in tallying eight points to lead all freshmen on the team. She scored three goals, served two assists, and was selected to the Bay Area Classic all-tournament team. During her second year, she made 20 starts for the Bears and finished tied for fourth with 12 points (including three goals and six assists). Her six assists were second-most on the team. She was selected as second team All-Pac-10 and third team All-West region by the NSCAA and Soccer Buzz the same year. She was also named honorable mention Academic All-Pac-10.

## Club career
### California Storm

From 2004 to 2008, Yokers played for the California Storm in the WPSL. In 2004, she made two appearances for the team. In 2007, she made nine appearances. In 2008, she scored three goals during her 14 appearances with the team.

### FC Gold Pride

Yokers played for the FC Gold Pride in the WPS from 2009 to 2010. During the 2009 season, she made nine appearances and scored one goal.
During the 2010 season, she made five appearances for a total of 167 minutes. The team ceased operations mid-season.

### New York Fury

After the WPS suspended operations in early 2012, Yokers signed with the New York Fury in the WPSL Elite.

### Western New York Flash

In 2013, Yokers signed with the Western New York Flash for the inaugural season of the NWSL.
She was released by the Flash in June 2013 for medical reasons.

## International career

Yokers represented the United States as a member of the U-21 team that competed at the 2001 Nordic Cup in Finland.
# Sahjanwan

GIDA Sahjanwan is industrial area of Gorakhpur in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is fast developing an industrial area abbreviated as GIDA with many factories, including IGL, Parle and ARP, as well as power looms, plywood and the only jute mill in Uttar Pradesh.

## Demographics

According to the Census of India in 2001, Sahjanwa had a population of 25,091. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sahjanwa has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than India's national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 43%. In Sahjanwa 17% of the population is 6 or younger. Sahjanwa is in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. Hindi is the customary language.

## Education

The two main intermediate colleges are BholaRam Maskara Intermediate College and Murari Intermediate College. The founders are Jyoti Prakash Maskara, owner of The Mahabir Jute Mill and Murari Lal Ji. Murari Intermediate College is one of the oldest colleges in the town.

### Schools

* Buddha Institute Of Technology
* Little Flower Sr. Sec. School
* Tarachand Agrawal Saraswati Vidya Mandir
* Gopal Shishu Mandir
* St. Joseph School
* Navals National Academy
* Maa Sarswati Shishu Mandir Higher Secondary School
* St. Xavier's School
* Draupadi Devi Gita Devi Sarswati Vidhya Mandir Purv Madhyamik Vidhyalay
* Purvanchal College of Higher Education (Formerly-Divya Technical Degree College)
* Smt Barfa Devi Saraswati Gyan Mandir Sahjanwa
* T.N Memorial Public School, Sahjanwa
* DDU Mahavidyalay Sahjanwa Gorakhpur 273209
* Swami Vivekanand Academy Sahjanwa Gorakhpur 273209

## Economy
### Manufacturing

Located in the Industrial park (GIDA) of the Gorakhpur are:
* 1000 megawatt distribution center of Indo – Bhutan (TALA Pariyogana)
* The Mahaveer Jute Mill (India's second Jute Mill in working)
* India Glycols Limited
* Gallant Ispat Ltd
* Azam Rubber Products
* Hindustan petroleum corp.lmt
* Tripathi Construction Pvt. Ltd
* Indian oil corporation limited
* IT Park(upcoming)

### Transport

Sahjanwan has a passenger railway station with trains that go to main railway station of Gorakhpur i.e., Gorakhpur Junction and it also has trains which go to Lucknow. In addition, buses lead to and stop at Gida Gorakhpur
# Martin Stephenson

Martin Graham Stephenson (born 25 March 1949) is a former English cricketer. Stephenson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire.
Stephenson made his debut for Cambridgeshire in the 1972 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. This marked the beginning of a 21-year career with the county, in which he played 107 Minor Counties Championship matches and following its introduction in 1983, nineteen MCCA Knockout Trophy matches, the last of which came against Bedfordshire in 1993.
It was in the 1972 Gillette Cup that he made his debut in List A cricket for the county against Buckinghamshire. From 1972 to 1992, he represented Cambridgeshire in 7 List A matches, the last of which came against Northamptonshire in the 1992 NatWest Trophy. In his twenty-year List A spell, he scored 15 runs at a batting average of 5.00, with a high score of 8 not out. With the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 72.00, with best figures of 1/42.
Stephenson currently serves on the Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club Committee.
# Jim Rantz

James John Rantz (born February 24, 1938, at Saint Paul, Minnesota) is an American former professional baseball player and executive. He was the Minnesota Twins' farm system director from 1986–2012, holding the title of "Director of Minor Leagues." When he retired after his 27th consecutive season in the post, Rantz was one of the longest-tenured farm system directors in Major League Baseball; it was his 53rd consecutive season with the Twins' organization. From 1971 through 1985, Rantz was assistant minor league director under George Brophy. As such, during his career, he sent multiple generations of home-grown players to the Twins, and contributed materially to the team's 1987 and 1991 world titles and its run of playoff teams during the first decade of the 21st century.

## Playing career

A 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m), 175 lb (79 kg) right-handed relief pitcher, Rantz attended Washington High School in St. Paul (now Washington Technical Magnet School) then walked on at the University of Minnesota where he pitched (for Dick Siebert) and played hockey (for John Mariucci). Despite never having started a game in his collegiate (or later professional) career, Rantz pitched a complete game in the Gophers 2–1, 10 inning victory which gave Minnesota the 1960 College World Series title over the University of Southern California.
He signed with the Washington Senators in 1960 — a year before the franchise shifted to Minnesota. Rantz compiled a 22–16 won–loss mark with a 3.64 earned run average in five minor-league seasons. After serving as manager for the St. Cloud Rox, the Twins' affiliate in the Class A Northern League, for one season (1965), he moved into the club's front office in 1965.

## Front office

Originally hired by Brophy (then serving as the assistant director of farm clubs for the Twins) as an intern in the Twins' Media Relations department during the 1965 World Series, Rantz moved over four years later to work under Brophy. Other than a one-year stint in 1977 as manager of the Wisconsin Rapids Twins of the Class A Midwest League, Rantz worked for Brophy for the next 16 years. Following Brophy's retirement from the Twins in 1985 due to health problems, Rantz was promoted to succeed him as Director of Minor League Operations.
In recognition of his accomplishments as the team's player development boss for 22 years, Rantz was inducted into the Minnesota Twins Hall of Fame in 2007. On October 15, 2012, the Twins announced that Rantz would retire from his post at the end of the calendar year, after 53 years with the organization.
# Hubert Hughes

Hubert Benjamin Hughes (15 October 1933 – 7 May 2021) was an Anguillan politician. He was the island territory's Chief Minister from 16 March 1994 to 6 March 2000, and again between February 2010 and April 2015.
Hughes was the only independent elected to parliament in the 1976 Anguillian general election, while the other seats were won by the People's Progressive Party (PPP). He later supported a motion of no confidence against Ronald Webster, which succeeded as he was joined by several members of the PPP.
He had stated his intention to lead the island to separation from the United Kingdom. This is despite the fact that European Union assistance funds, and visa-free entry to the US, Canada, EU and islands in the French and Dutch Caribbean such as Saint Martin would stop.