OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Block Island National Wildlife Refuge

Located approximately 12 miles (19 km) offshore on picturesque Block Island, the Block Island National Wildlife Refuge provides crucial habitat for wildlife, and a place for people to appreciate the natural environment of the island. The refuge was established in 1973 with the transfer of 28 acres (110,000 m$^2$) from the U.S. Coast Guard, and has grown to its current size of 127 acres (0.51 km$^2$) today.
Block Island National Wildlife Refuge is administered as part of the Rhode Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex, which manages all five of the National Wildlife Refuges in Rhode Island, and is headquartered in Charlestown, Rhode Island.
Situated along the Atlantic Flyway, Block Island is one of the most important migratory bird habitats on the east coast. Many songbirds "overfly" the mainland and stopover on Block Island before continuing their migration. Hundreds of "birders" visit the refuge each fall to watch migration.
The refuge also provides habitat for the endangered American burying beetle, supporting the only population of this species known east of the Mississippi River. Piping plovers, a threatened species, occur in the refuge, as do four other state species of concern. The refuge is also home to the largest gull colony in Rhode Island.
# Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge

Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge is located in the Sierra Nevada, in Tulare County, California. The refuge is one of four units of the Hopper Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex for California condors.

## Geography

The Blue Ridge National Wildlife Refuge is part of the cooperatively-managed Blue Ridge Wildlife Habitat Area, an 11,000-acre (45 km$^2$) area set aside as an important roosting area located close to historic nesting and foraging habitat for the California condor. This refuge consists of almost 900 acres (3.6 km$^2$) of coniferous forests dominated by Ponderosa Pine and Incense Cedar.
As of July 2014, there is a total population of 437 condors living in sites in California, Baja California and Arizona. This includes a wild population of 232 and a captive population of 205. 68 free-flying Condors are managed by the US Fish & Wildlife Service in Southern California.

### Owners

There are three principal private owners, and four public owners:
* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
* Bureau of Land Management
* USDA Forest Service
* California Department of Fish and Game.
# Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge

Bowdoin National Wildlife Refuge is a 15,551-acre (6,293 ha) National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) located in the north-central region of the U.S. state of Montana. The refuge is 7 mi (11 km) northeast of Malta, Montana in the Milk River Valley and is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

## History

Bowdoin NWR was previously managed as part of irrigation efforts by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to conserve water that would flow into Lake Bowdoin. The seasonal floods from spring snow melt created excellent habitat for migratory and nesting waterfowl as well as raptors such as the bald eagle and peregrine falcon. Lake Bowdoin is on both the Central and Pacific Flyways used by migratory birds and was well known by locals and naturalists as having the largest numbers of migratory birds in Montana. In an effort to better protect the habitat, Lake Bowdoin and the surrounding region were set aside as a refuge in 1936 and administration passed to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

## Fauna

As of 2008, 263 species of birds have been observed at Bowdoin NWR. Nesting waterfowl include the American white pelican, double-crested cormorant, great blue heron, white-faced ibis and black-crowned night heron. Waterfowl species such as the northern pintail, green-winged teal, American wigeon and a number of grebe species including both the eared and western grebe also nest at the refuge. Several species of gulls such as Franklin's gull, ring-billed gull and the California gull and passerine species including the red-winged blackbird, western meadowlark, yellow-headed blackbird, American goldfinch, eastern kingbird and lark bunting have also been known to nest on the refuge.
Mammal species including the bobcat, beaver, raccoon, coyote, skunk, white-tailed deer and pronghorn live on the refuge. After the refuge was first established, the pronghorn were then protected from hunting, allowing their numbers to swell from 7 to 160 individuals during the 1940s. Pronghorn population figures for the early 21st century averaged between 100 and 150 individuals.
# Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge

Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (Buenos Aires NWR) provides 117,107 acres (47,392 ha) of habitat for threatened and endangered plants and animals. This refuge, in Pima County, Arizona, was established in 1985.

## Natural history

The semidesert grassland supports the reintroduction of Masked quail and pronghorns. Prescribed and natural fires play a major role in maintaining and restoring the sea of grass that once filled the Altar Valley. Riparian (wetland) areas along Arivaca Cienega and Arivaca Creek attract an abundance of birds. Brown Canyon, to the west of the Arivaca Creek area, is nestled in the Baboquivari Mountains, where a sycamore-lined stream meanders through oak woodland.

## Fauna

The refuge is home to 58 mammal species. Among the larger species are mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn, javelina and puma. There are also more than 325 different bird species and 53 species of reptiles and amphibians. Reintroduced masked bobwhite (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) are found in the refuge.
Occasional jaguar vagrants are reported in the area, which is contiguous with Mexico. Between 2004 and 2007 an old male jaguar was followed by researchers in the area. The animal was called 'Macho B' by the researchers and has been previously photographed in 1996 in the area. During the study its home range compassed the mountains to east and west of the Altar Valley, which is situated in the Refuge. In addition at least one other jaguar was recorded in the area during that study.
The male jaguar, 'Macho B', is dead. The jaguar was euthanized after being captured on a snare trap.

## Access

Most of the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge is open for visiting and research. Guided access is also available through Friends of Buenos Aires NWR programs. The Arivaca Cienega Trail and the Arivaca Creek Trail are National Recreation Trails.
Some 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of the refuge (about 3% of its area) was closed in 2006 to public access due to human safety concerns. At that time there was a marked increase in violence along the border due to human and drug trafficking. The closed area extends north from the international border roughly 3⁄4 mile (1,200 m) away. As of 2010, this portion remains closed; however, the Fish and Wildlife Service reports a marked decline in violence.
Environmental degradation is the most visible consequence of border crossings through the refuge. A few years ago, there were 45 abandoned cars on the Buenos Aires refuge near Sasabe, Arizona and enough trash that a volunteer couple filled 723 large bags with 18,000 pounds (8,200 kg) of garbage over two months in 2002.
# Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge

Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a protected area in Randall County in the Texas Panhandle. Its shortgrass prairies spill into marshes, woodlands, riparian habitat, croplands, and water-carved canyon walls that together form 7,664 acres (31.02 km$^2$) of homes for migratory and year-round wildlife. The area forms a habitat for black-tailed prairie dogs and burrowing owls, among many other species. Some 175 acres (0.71 km$^2$) of the refuge carries the designation of National Natural Landmark.
Buffalo Lake NWR lies within a canyon carved by Tierra Blanca Creek, an ephemeral stream that stretches across northern portions of the Llano Estacado. The discharge of this stream is highly variable, and it is not unusual for the creek to dry out completely. At the same time, as the sole creek bed within a large drainage basin in a region prone to frequent and intense thunderstorms, it often suffers the destructive effects of flash floods. A large flood control structure, called Umbarger Dam, was constructed to impound the waters of Tierra Blanca Creek and form Buffalo Lake within the boundaries of the wildlife refuge. The ponded waters of this shallow lake can provide key roosting habitat for migrating birds.
# Herb Nolan

Herbert Pierce Nolan (21 November 1875 – 21 December 1933) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Ted Hall (footballer)

Edward Hall (8 February 1876 – 30 December 1903) was an Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Ted Hall holds the league record for having the worst winning percentage of all VFL/AFL footballers to have played at least 50 games. He experienced victory just once in his league career, when St Kilda defeated Carlton at Junction Oval during the 1901 VFL season. Before that, Hall had appeared in 62 successive losses from his debut in 1897. This record is 13 above teammate Joe Hogan, with 49.
A centreman, he briefly became a field umpire in 1900, but after officiating in a Round 2 game ended up finishing the season and his career back at St Kilda.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Worst win–loss records (min. 50 games)
* ↑ "AFL Tables - Miscellaneous Player Records". afltables.com. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
# Fred Sigmont

Frederick William Abercrombie Sigmont (14 May 1873 – 30 July 1950) was an Australian rules footballer who played for South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Originally from Carlton Juniors, Sigmont played six games with Williamstown Football Club in the 1894 VFA season. The next season he transferred to Carlton but did not make a senior appearance in his time with the club. Sigmont played six times with South Melbourne in 1897, the inaugural VFL season, and took part in their first ever match in the league.
As a goal umpire, Sigmont officiated in the 1909 VFL Grand Final, which his former club won. In all he made umpired in 108 games, before retiring in 1915.
# Rion Rhoades

Rion Rhoades (born January 7, 1975) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach for Leoti High School in 1999, Fort Scott Community College in 2006, and Hutchinson Community College from 2007 to 2019. He also coached for Fort Hays State, Northwestern Oklahoma State, Coffeyville, Arkansas. He played college football for Hutchinson, Western Illinois, and Northwestern Oklahoma State as a linebacker.

## Head coaching record
### Junior college

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | NJCAA$^#$ |
| Fort Scott Greyhounds (Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference) (2006) |||||||
| 2006 | Fort Scott | 7–5 | 5–2 | 3rd | L KJCCC championship, L C.H.A.M.P.S. Heart of Texas Bowl | 12 |
| Fort Scott: | Fort Scott: | 7–5 | 5–2 | | | |
| Hutchinson Blue Dragons (Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference) (2007–2019) |||||||
| 2007 | Hutchinson | 2–7 | 2–5 | T–5th | | |
| 2008 | Hutchinson | 7–4 | 4–3 | T–3rd | L KJCCC championship | 19 |
| 2009 | Hutchinson | 7–4 | 4–3 | 4th | L KJCCC semifinal, W Salt City Bowl | 13 |
| 2010 | Hutchinson | 10–2 | 6–1 | 2nd | L KJCCC championship, W Salt City Bowl | 5 |
| 2011 | Hutchinson | 9–3 | 5–1 | 2nd | L KJCCC championship, W Salt City Bowl | 8 |
| 2012 | Hutchinson | 9–3 | 6–1 | 2nd | L KJCCC championship, W Salt City Bowl | 12 |
| 2013 | Hutchinson | 8–4 | 5–2 | T–2nd | L KJCCC championship, W Salt City Bowl | 17 |
| 2014 | Hutchinson | 11–1 | 7–0 | 1st | W Salt City Bowl | 4 |
| 2015 | Hutchinson | 5–6 | 3–4 | 5th | | |
| 2016 | Hutchinson | 5–6 | 2–5 | T–6th | | |
| 2017 | Hutchinson | 7–5 | 4–3 | 4th | L Salt City Bowl | |
| 2018 | Hutchinson | 9–3 | 6–1 | 2nd | W Salt City Bowl | 8 |
| 2019 | Hutchinson | 10–2 | 5–2 | T–2nd | W Salt City Bowl | 3 |
| Hutchinson: | Hutchinson: | 99–50 | 59–31 | | | |
| Total: | Total: | 106–55 | | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth |||||||
# Cape Meares National Wildlife Refuge

Cape Meares National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the Oregon Coast. It is one of six National Wildlife Refuges in the Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex. Located on Cape Meares, the refuge was established in 1938 to protect a remnant of coastal old-growth forest and the surrounding habitat used by breeding seabirds. The area provides a home for a threatened bird species, the marbled murrelets. Peregrine falcons, once at the brink of extinction, have nested here since 1987. The refuge, with the exception of the Oregon Coast Trail, was designated a Research Natural Area in 1987.
The Cape Meares Light, which marked the cape at night from 1890 until 1963, is now open to the public. Three Arch Rocks National Wildlife Refuge and Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge are easily seen from the cape. It is the only point in the United States from which three refuges can be seen at the same time.

## Wildlife viewing

The Oregon Coast Trail passes through the center of this headland and interpretive displays along the trail describe the varied wildlife. From this trail, it is possible to see migrating gray whales, three species of scoters, western grebes, and common loons. A wildlife viewing deck, part of the Cape Meares State Scenic Viewpoint, provides views of the refuge's sea cliffs and inshore islands. In season, visitors can see the aerie of a nesting peregrine falcon pair. Each spring thousands of seabirds return to nest on the cliffs. Species that can be seen are brants, pelagic cormorants, common murres, tufted puffins, pigeon guillemots, western gulls, and black oystercatchers. This state park has 3 miles (4.8 km) of hiking trails and a 1-mile (1.6 km) walking trail through the forest of sitka spruce and western hemlock.

## The Cape Meares Giant

Some of the trees on the refuge are hundreds of years old and more than 200 feet (61 m) tall. The Cape Meares Giant, a sitka spruce, is of special interest. After the Great Coastal Gale of 2007 killed the Klootchy Creek Giant, once considered the largest sitka spruce in the world, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) granted a special use permit to Ascending the Giants, a Portland based organization, which allowed them to climb and measure the Cape Meares Giant. Based on the results, the FWS issued a press release in February 2008 that announced that the tree is the largest known Sitka spruce in the state and that it was designated an Oregon Heritage Tree. Oregon's actual largest Sitka Spruce, using a point system, is Falcon's Tower, discovered and measured by Certified Arborist M. D. Vaden. Cape Meares Giant Spruce had only 743 points, whereas Falcon's Tower was documented at 750 points by M. D. Vaden. Falcon's Tower is in Oswald West State Park, between Cannon Beach and Manzanita, Oregon.
# Arthur Middleton (footballer)

Arthur William Middleton (7 June 1876 – 17 May 1945) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda and Fitzroy.

## Sources

* Holmesby, Russell & Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
* Arthur Middleton's playing statistics from AFL Tables
* Arthur Middleton at AustralianFootball.com
* This Australian rules football biography of a person born in the 1870s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Harry Clarke (Australian footballer, born 1876)

John Henry Clarke (29 June 1876 – 25 February 1955) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Clarke, who played finals in each of his seven league seasons, was the centreman in Fitzroy's 1898, 1899 and 1904 premierships teams. He was also a losing grand finalist in 1900 and 1903.
# Chassahowitzka River

The Chassahowitzka River is a spring-fed river located in southwestern Citrus County, Florida. The 5-mile-long (8 km) river is home to hundreds of bird species, including the bald eagle, and serves as a common refuge for the West Indian manatee. In 1941, approximately 31,000 acres (13,000 ha) of its saltwater creeks, freshwater tributaries, and hardwood hammocks were designated as Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge. The river is accessible by boat from a nearby public boat ramp located at a campground that also bears its Indian name which means "land of hanging pumpkins"—a reference to a wild variety that once grew along its banks.
The headwater of the river is Chassahowitzka Spring, a first-magnitude spring visible from the campground dock. A group of smaller sister springs are located in a creek just upstream from the main vent. Several of these sister springs are interconnected via underwater caves that snorkelers can dive through while holding their breath. However, great care must be taken when diving through these caves, as there have been at least 4 drownings in the underwater tunnels and caves since 1989, the most recent occurring in 2011.
Further downstream, similar freshwater tributaries feed into the Chassahowitzka River, some of which mix with salt water as the river weaves its way toward the Gulf. This creates brackish creeks and bays, where it is quite common to catch fish species such as spotted seatrout, redfish, or common snook to name just a few. Other river staples river include striped mullet, which can be seen in schools through the clear water or at times leaping out of the water, and the blue crab which is often netted or trapped by local fishermen. It is very common to see several species of herons and egrets, including the great blue heron as well as the occasional large alligator, although they are often seen some distance from springs and boats. The river is well known for its navigational hazards, mainly due to large rocks hidden from the sight of fast-moving motorboats that venture outside the narrow channel.
There are cabins dotted along the outer portion of the river just before "Buzzard Bay," that are privately owned. Dog Island is a recreational area with a restroom and dock, located off the main channel just before John's Island and the Gulf.

## Gallery

* A friendly grackle, on the way to Buzzard Bay
* Dog Island Recreational Area
* A view from Tom's Cabin showing a neighboring cabin
* Sunfish and pilchards inhabiting Beard Creek, a location now well known to weekend canoers, but at one time was less traveled
* A striped mullet caught by cast netting on the river
* Manatee speed zones run from the mouth of Buzzard Bay until John's Island during the summer
* Local boys being pulled behind a well boat near "Baldies"
# John Fry (regicide)

John Fry (1609–1657) was a Member of the English Parliament and sat as a Commissioner (Judge) during the trial of King Charles I of England.

## Biography

John Fry, son of William Fry of Iwerne Minster, was born in 1609. He was Member of Parliament for Shaftesbury in the Long and Rump Parliaments, sat through most of the trial of King Charles I, but did not take part in the sentencing, having been suspended from membership of the House of Commons and debarred from sitting on the High Court for heterodoxy on 26 January 1649, one day before the sentence was pronounced. The suspicion raised by Colonel Downes was that Fry did not believe in the doctrine of the Trinity. Eight days later Fry declared in a written statement that he respected the Trinity and was readmitted to the House. Shortly afterwards Fry published a pamphlet against Downes, The Accuser Shamed, in which he expressed opinions far from orthodox. In 1650 Dr Cheynel of Oxford published a retort, to which Fry responded with another pamphlet, The Clergy in their Colours. On 22 February 1651 Parliament decided to burn the two books and expelled their author. John Fry died in 1657. At the restoration in 1660 he was excluded from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act.
Dario Pfanner in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography states:
   Fry was feared by his presbyterian enemies for his criticism of the religious settlement subsequent to the Westminster confession of faith (1647), and was branded as a Socinian because of his anti-Trinitarianism and his emphasis on rational biblicism and tolerance. Yet he was rather Sabellian in his christology, as he did not deny the divinity of Christ and the Holy Ghost but was convinced that the three entities were three different ways of being of the same God.
# Louis Dumont

Louis Charles Jean Dumont (11 August 1911 – 19 November 1998) was a French anthropologist.
Dumont was born in Thessaloniki, in the Salonica Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. He taught at Oxford University during the 1950s, and was then director of the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) in Paris. A specialist on the cultures and societies of India, Dumont also studied western social philosophy and ideologies.

## Works

His works include Homo Hierarchicus: Essai sur le système des castes (1966), From Mandeville to Marx: The Genesis and Triumph of Economic Ideology (1977) and Essais sur l'individualisme: Une perspective anthropologique sur l'idéologie moderne (1983), in which he contrasts holism with individualism.
Dumont died in 1998, aged 87, in Paris.
# Richard Sparcheford

Richard Sparcheford (died 1560) was an English priest.
Sparcheford was educated at the University of Oxford. He held beneficed at St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate in the City of London and St Mary the Great, v. He was a canon (priest) of St Paul's Cathedral; and Archdeacon of Shropshire from 1536 until his death in 1560.
# Molo language

Molo (Malkan) is a moribund Nilo-Saharan language spoken by a few of the Molo people of Sudan. It is considered "Critically Endangered" according to UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, with around 100 speakers, according to data from 1988.
# 1919 Bowling Green Normals football team

The 1919 Bowling Green Normals football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State Normal School (later Bowling Green State University) during the 1919 college football season. In its first season of intercollegiate football, Bowling Green compiled a 0–3 record and was outscored by a total of 28 to 0. Dale Treece was the team captain.
Bowling Green was founded in 1914, and the fall of 1919 marked the start of an aggressive athletic program led by Professor Beyerman. In September 1919, Raymond Ladd offered his services to lead the program until a coach could be secured. The school had less than 30 men enrolled in the student body for the fall of 1919, and every man who was physically able tried out for the team. The first intercollegiate football game was scheduled for October 3 against Toledo. John Stitt, who had been quarterback at the Case School of Applied Science in 1917, was brought in to coach the team in late September.
The team played its home games at the Ridge Street Athletic Field in Bowling Green, Ohio.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 3 | Toledo | Ridge Street groundsBowing Green, OH (rivalry) | L 0–6 | 400 |
| October 18 | at Defiance | Defiance, OH | L 0–12 | |
| October 22 | Michigan State Normal | Ridge Street groundsBowling Green, OH | L 0–10 | |
# Narango language

Narango (Farsaf, Farsav, Nambel) is an Oceanic language spoken on the south coast of Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.
# Genseikaen Station

Genseikaen Station (原生花園駅, Genseikaen-eki) is a railway station on the Senmō Main Line in Koshimizu, Hokkaido, Japan, operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido).

## Lines

Genseikaen Station is served by the Senmō Main Line, and is numbered B75.