OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Winston Ide

Winston Philip James Ide (17 September 1914 – 12 September 1944) was an Australian rugby union player. Ide played two Tests for the Australia national team in 1938. He was among the Allied prisoners of war (POWs) killed during the sinking of the Rakuyō Maru in September 1944.
Ide was a member of the Australia team sent to tour Great Britain in 1939. The outbreak of World War II saw the tour cancelled the day after the team had arrived at Plymouth.
On return to Australia, Ide joined the Second Australian Imperial Force and was sent to Malaya with the 2/10th Field Regiment. He was captured during the Fall of Singapore in February 1942 and interned in Changi Prison as a prisoner of war. Ide was later forced by the Japanese to work on the construction of the Burma Railway.
In 1944 Ide was boarded on the Rakuyō Maru – a Japanese "Hell Ship" – to be taken to Japan to work. The Rakuyō Maru was sunk in the South China Sea by a torpedo fired from the USS Sealion, an American submarine. The Americans were unaware the ship was transporting Allied POWs. Refusing to climb aboard a life raft, Ide assisted in the rescue of many of his fellow POWs. Responding to requests to save himself, Ide was reported to have said "I'm staying here ... In any case, I can swim to Australia if I have to".
Ide was not seen again and was presumed drowned - one of 1,159 POWs aboard the ship who died. Only 63 could be rescued.
Ide's father, Henry, was a Japanese silk merchant who migrated to Australia in 1894 and was naturalised in 1902. During World War II, Ide's father was for a time placed in an internment camp at Hay in southern New South Wales as a suspected enemy alien.
# HD 122563

HD 122563 is an extremely metal-poor red giant star, and the brightest known metal-poor star in the sky. Its low heavy element content was first recognized by spectroscopic analysis in 1963. For more than twenty years it was the most metal-poor star known, being more metal-poor than any known globular cluster, and it is the most accessible example of an extreme population II or Halo star.
As the most extreme metal-poor star known, HD 122563's composition was crucial in constraining theories for galactic chemical evolution; in particular, its composition peculiarities provided signposts for understanding the accumulation of heavy elements by stellar nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. For example, it has an excess of oxygen, [O/Fe] = +0.6, while the proportions of strontium, yttrium, zirconium, barium and the lanthanide elements suggest that the s-process has made no contribution to the material present in the star: in HD 122563, all these elements are products of the r-process instead. The implication is that the star formed at a time and place where there had not been enough time for any previous generation of stars to have produced s-process elements, though there was r-process material present.

## Spectral type

The spectral type of HD 122563 is one of characteristics which initially indicated its peculiarity. In the Bright Star Catalogue its spectral type is given as F8 IV, but its color index indicates a surface temperature much cooler than an F8 star should be. Because the spectral type of a star in the A to K star regime is judged by the relative strengths of the absorption lines of the metals relative to the hydrogen Balmer lines, the extreme metal deficiency results in weak metal lines and yields a spuriously early spectral type. If the spectral classification is performed including the metal deficiency, the result is a rather later type, G8:III: Fe-5.
# 1933 in Portugal

Events in the year 1933 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* President: Óscar Carmona
* Prime Minister: António de Oliveira Salazar

## Events

* A constitutional referendum establishes the Estado Novo

## Arts and entertainment

* José Malhoa Museum established

## Sports

* C.D. Tondela founded
* S.C. Freamunde founded
* Futebol Benfica founded
* S.C. Mineiro Aljustrelense founded

## Births

* 2 May – Celeste Caeiro, pacifist and political activist (died 2024)
* 25 June – Álvaro Siza, architect

## Deaths

* 16 January – Artur Ivens Ferraz, military officer and politician (born 1870)
# Thembelani Bholi

Thembelani Bholi (born 18 January 1990) is a South African rugby union player for the Southern Kings in the Pro14. His regular position is flanker, but he can also play as a lock.

## Career
### Youth

Bholi represented the Border Country Districts at the Under–18 Craven Week tournaments in both 2007 and 2008.
Bholi moved to Port Elizabeth in 2010 to join the Eastern Province Kings Academy. He appeared as a substitute in all eight of the Eastern Province U21s' matches during the 2010 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring two tries as the side made it all the way to the final, where they lost 53–36 to the Falcons U21 in George.
Bholi was an ever-present for the side during the 2011 Under-21 Provincial Championship, starting all eight of their matches. However, the season had the same outcome as the previous one, with the Eastern Province U21 side making it all the way to the final, where they lost; this time they lost 23–19 to Eastern Cape rivals Border U21 in a match in Wellington.

### Eastern Province Kings

Bholi was one of a group of eight players that graduated from the academy Eastern Province Kings in its first year, signing a contract with the team for the 2012 season. He was named in their 2012 Vodacom Cup and 2012 Currie Cup First Division squads, but suffered a shoulder injury that prevented him from playing in any matches.
Bholi was then included in the squad for the 2013 Currie Cup First Division and eventually returned to action when he was named in the starting line-up for their match against the Leopards in Port Elizabeth. He made his first class debut on 12 July 2013, but could not prevent his side suffer a narrow 18–22 defeat to their rivals from Potchefstroom. After two appearances off the bench against the Boland Cavaliers and the Falcons, he started their match against the Border Bulldogs before losing his place to players returning from the 2013 Super Rugby season with the Southern Kings.
Bholi started all seven of their matches in the 2014 Vodacom Cup competition, but could not help the team to qualify to the quarter-finals for a third successive season. However, he made enough of an impression that he was selected in the starting line-up for the Eastern Province Kings side that faced Wales during a tour match during a 2014 incoming tour. He played the entire match as the Kings suffered a 12–34 defeat. Following a decision from the South African Rugby Union to expand the Currie Cup Premier Division from six teams to eight teams, the Eastern Province Kings were promoted to the 2014 Currie Cup Premier Division. Bholi made his first Currie Cup Premier Division start in their opening match of the season, a 35–16 defeat to Western Province. The Kings struggled to adjust to life in the Premier Division and lost their first nine matches of the season. They did, however, beat fellow promoted side the Pumas 26–25 in the final match of the season, with Bholi an unused reserve for that match. He made a total of seven appearances during the competition.
Bholi scored his first try for the EP Kings in first match of the 2015 Vodacom Cup season, a 19–27 defeat to defending champions Griquas.
# Mount Prindle

Mount Prindle is a granitic mountain in the Yukon–Tanana uplands, and is located approximately 45 miles (72 km) north-northeast of Fairbanks, Alaska. The plutons that form the core of the Mount Prindle massif are Late Cretaceous or early Tertiary age. These plutons intruded older (Precambrian to Paleozoic) metamorphic rocks. Mount Prindle exhibits classic glacial landforms, unlike most of the surrounding Yukon–Tanana uplands. It is in the Circle Mining District and many of the surrounding creeks have been or are being mined for placer gold. The area has also been prospected for tin and rare earth minerals. Mine roads and hiking trails provide access to the mountain. A 900 feet (270 m) granite wall on an eastern spur of the massif is an attraction for rock climbers.
The mountain is named for Louis Marcus Prindle (1865–1956), a U.S. Geological Survey geologist, who worked in the Fairbanks, Circle, and Fortymile areas of Alaska from 1902 through 1911.
# James Alexander (cricketer)

James Alexander (3 September 1916 – 23 October 1943) was an English cricketer. He played two first-class matches for Bengal between 1936 and 1938. He was killed in action during World War II.
# Sultan Ahmed (Omani cricketer)

Sultan Ahmed (born June 18, 1977, in Karachi) is a Pakistani-born cricketer who plays for the Oman national cricket team. He is a right-handed batsman and wicketkeeper. He has made several appearances as a batsman in the 2005 ICC Trophy, and has also played first-class cricket and List A cricket for Karachi teams. He was the captain of Oman team when they qualified for the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 tournament. He made his Twenty20 International debut for Oman against Afghanistan in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier tournament on 25 July 2015.
In January 2018, he was named as captain of Oman's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament.
# Aub Hodgson

Aubrey John Hodgson (9 March 1912 – 1982) was an Australian rugby union forward and represented the Wallabies 11 times. Rugby writer Spiro Zavos has written that he was "as good as any contemporary player anywhere in the world" at his peak in the 1930s. The Sydney Morning Herald recorded that he can "fill any position in the forwards and his speed and sure hands make him a useful threequarter".

## Biography

As with many Australian rugby players prior to World War II, Hodgson grew up in a privileged environment with a family of substantial business interests and attended Newington College (1924-1929). He was six feet one inch tall and weighed 231 pounds.
In 1931, Hodgson was President of the Cullivel Australian Rules Football Club.
Hodgson was a member of the Wallabies team who arrived in England on 2 September 1939, one day before the declaration of war against Germany. On arrival, he helped fill sandbags, was received by King George VI and then returned to Australia. He and his brother, Ron, enlisted for wartime service in 1940 and this curtailed his chances of winning further representative caps.
He retired from playing in 1946 and became a first grade coach.
# 1937 in Portugal

Events in the year 1937 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* President: Óscar Carmona
* Prime Minister: António de Oliveira Salazar

## Sports

* A.A. Avanca founded
* G.D. Fabril founded
* Mem Martins Sport Clube founded
* UD Sousense founded

## Births

* 1 September – Francisco Pinto Balsemão, businessman, journalist and politician.
* 7 December - Ary dos Santos, poet, songwriter (died 1984)
# Mick Maroney

Michael Francis Maroney (1 November 1910 – 5 March 1972) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Maroney was a leading sprinter in his youth, notably winning the Wangaratta Gift as an 18 year old in 1930.
He later served in the Australian Army during World War II.
# Mangaliso Ngema

Mangaliso Ngema, is a South African actor best known for his roles in the popular serials Vehicle 19, Mary and Martha and Lithapo.

## Personal life

He was born and raised in Orlando West, Soweto, South Africa.
He was married to a Mozambique woman and is a father of one daughter. However, his baby was sold by the nurse who was working in that hospital. Later his wife also divorced him.

## Career

He moved into the corporate world and worked as a brand manager for Guinness. While working there, he made the television debut with the soap opera Generations and played the role of 'Lunga Zondo' in 1993. Then he made several notable appearances in the serials: Home Affairs, Housekeepers, MTV Shuga, Ring of Lies, Mzansi, Side Dish, Soul Buddyz and Single Guyz.
He played the role 'Pabi' on the television serial Lithapo. However, after sexual harassment incident on Lorraine Moropa, he was fired from the show. However he later dispel allegations of sexual harassment.
In September 2020, he appeared in the television serial Family Secrets.

## Rape Allegations

In June 2022 Ngema was charged with rape and released on bail after appearing at the Randburg Magistrate's Court.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Genre |
| 1993 | Generatiions | Lunga Zondo | Film |
| 2006 | Tshisa | Thabane Mlongo | Film |
| 2010 | Mrs Mandela | Winnie's Young Lover | Film |
| 2013 | Vehicle 19 | Judge James Muzuka | Film |
| 2013 | Mary and Martha | Mozambican Doctor | Film |
| 2020 | Lithapo | Senzo | Film |
# Sundaram Krishnamurthy

Sundaram Krishnamurthy (12 September 1919 – 2 July 2010) was an Indian physician, surgeon, and oncologist. In recognition of his efforts in cancer research & treatment, he was honoured with the Padma Shri in 1971.

## Early life and education

Krishnamurthy was born on 12 September 1919 in Madras, Tamil Nadu, to Dr. Sundara Reddy and Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy, figures in Indian medicine and social reform. He completed his Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in 1942, followed by a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in 1946 from University of Madras.

## Medical career

In 1947, Krishnamurthy pursued advanced medical training abroad. He was a Fellow at the Ellis Fischel Cancer Hospital in Columbia, Missouri, United States, and later found a job at the Royal Cancer Hospital, London. When he informed his mother of his plans of moving to London, she sent a telegram claiming to be seriously ill. Rushing back to India, he found her in good health. She then reproached him, saying: “I sent you abroad to study so that you could come back and serve our people, not live comfortably in a foreign country”.
Upon returning to India, Krishnamurthy joined the cancer unit at the General Hospital, Madras. During his tenure, he encountered administrative challenges, including allegations of corruption, which ultimately led to his departure. He later joined the Cancer Institute, Adyar, a non-profit organization established by his mother, where he continued his work in oncology, focusing on patient care and research.
Krishnamurthy held several key positions at the Cancer Institute. He served as scientific director (1954–1959), director and scientific director (1959–1980), and vice-chairman from 1980 onward. At the time of his death, he was the adviser for research and planning at the institute. Additionally, he served as honorary surgeon to the president of India from 1987 to 1992.
His memberships included
* British Institute of Radiology
* Association of Pathologists of India
* Association of Surgeons of India
* Indian Radiological Association
* Indian Medical Association
* Indian Science Congress Association
* Indian Cancer Society

## Contributions

In 1971, he was awarded the Padma Shri, one of India's highest civilian honours, for his contributions to cancer research and treatment.
He also held prominent roles in global health initiatives. From 1965 to 1982, he served on several committees of the World Health Organization, providing expertise on cancer control and prevention. In 1983, he was appointed to the Advisory Committee on Cancer Control and Planning of the Government of India.

## Legacy

He died on 2 July 2010.
# Brekke (village)

Brekke is a village in the northeastern part of Gulen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village of Brekke has a population (2001) of 299 people.

## Location

The village is located in the eastern part of the municipality on the southern shore of the Sognefjorden and the small Risnesfjorden inlet that branches off the main fjord. Brekke sits about a 35 kilometres (22 mi) drive from the village of Eivindvik, the municipal center of Gulen Municipality. The European route E39 highway is accessible 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) south of the village at the village of Instefjord. There is ferry service across the Sognefjorden available 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) away at the village of Ytre Oppedal.

## History

The old Brekke Municipality existed from 1850 until 1861 and then again from 1905 until 1964. The administrative center of the municipality of Brekke was the village of Brekke. The school, post office, Brekke Church, and municipal administration were all located in this village.

## Name

The municipality is named after the old Brekke farm (Old Norse: Brekka) since Brekke Church was located there. The name is identical to the old Norwegian word meaning "slope", probably since the village is built on the slopes leading down to the fjord.

## Climate

Brekke and its surroundings are notable as one of the wettest parts of Norway. The nearby weather station in Verkland, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the south, recorded a record amount of rainfall in one calendar year. In 1990, there were 5,546 millimetres (218.3 in) of rain that fell. In the summer of 1964, Brekke received 1,284 millimetres (50.6 in) of rain, making that the wettest summer on record.
Climate data for Brekke (1961–1990) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) | −1.0 (30.2) | 1.0 (33.8) | 3.0 (37.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 11.0 (51.8) | 12.2 (54.0) | 12.0 (53.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 6.5 (43.7) | 2.0 (35.6) | 0.0 (32.0) | 5.2 (41.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 347 (13.7) | 255 (10.0) | 283 (11.1) | 162 (6.4) | 149 (5.9) | 193 (7.6) | 217 (8.5) | 270 (10.6) | 454 (17.9) | 447 (17.6) | 402 (15.8) | 396 (15.6) | 3,575 (140.7) |
| Average precipitation days | 19.0 | 15.1 | 17.6 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 14.6 | 16.4 | 16.8 | 20.7 | 20.6 | 20.2 | 20.5 | 208.8 |
| Source: e-Klima ||||||||||||||
Climate data for Brekke (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 405.4 (15.96) | 319.0 (12.56) | 302.0 (11.89) | 206.1 (8.11) | 171.7 (6.76) | 180.0 (7.09) | 207.4 (8.17) | 261.0 (10.28) | 350.8 (13.81) | 381.9 (15.04) | 390.8 (15.39) | 431.5 (16.99) | 3,607.6 (142.05) |
| Average precipitation days | 21.1 | 17.9 | 18.9 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 14.4 | 16.5 | 17.6 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 20.7 | 211.7 |
| Source: seklima ||||||||||||||
# Lock hospital

A lock hospital was an establishment that specialised in treating sexually transmitted diseases. They operated in Britain and its colonies and territories from the 18th century to the 20th.

## History

The military had a close association with a number of the hospitals. By the mid-19th century most of the larger army bases in India were home to a lock hospital. There were more military than civil lock hospitals in India, due to the prevalence of venereal diseases amongst British troops. In 1858 the Admiralty paid to have one opened in Portsmouth and in 1863 another in Plymouth.
The earliest lock hospitals in India were established around 1797 at Berhampur, Kanpur, Danapur, and Fatehgarh. They were usually within bazaars, surrounded by a mud wall and staffed by a doctor and a female nurse. The local police were in charge of rounding up women suspected of being diseased, who could return home only after obtaining a certificate of discharge.
Lock Hospital operated in Hong Kong from 1858 to 1894 to deal with venereal diseases.
The term "lock hospital" originates from their use as leprosariums, after the "locks", or rags, which covered the lepers' lesions.
# Yashwantrao Martandrao Mukne

H. H. Yashwantrao Martandrao Mukne (b 11 Dec 1917, Jawhar) was a member of the 4th Lok Sabha of India from the Dahanu constituency of Maharashtra and a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) political party.
He was also member of 1st Lok Sabha from Thane(ST) and 3rd Lok Sabha from Bhiwandi. He was former of Jawhar State in Maharashtra.
He had educated at Rajkumar College, Rajkot, Old Blundells School, England and at the Middle Temple, England. He was married to Her Highness Priyamvada Raje and had 1 son and 2 daughters and resides at Jaivilas Palace, Jawhar in Thane district.
# Madhurakavi Bhaskara Das

Vellaisamy Thevar, known professionally as Madhurakavi Bhaskara Das, (1892–1952) was a popular Tamil film lyricist. In 1931 he wrote lyrics for H. M. Reddy's Kalidas movie. He was the first lyricist in the Tamil film industry.

## Filmography

Das wrote the lyrics for the music in the following films.
* Kalidas - 1931
* Valli Thirumanam - 1933
* Bojarajan - 1935
* Chandragasan - 1936
* Raja Thesinggu - 1936
* Usa Kalyanam - 1936
* Dhevadas - 1937
* Sathi Agaliya - 1937
* Rajasegaran - 1937
* Kodaiyn Kadal - 1941
* Navena Thennairaman - 1941
# Workers' Stadium

The Workers' Stadium (Chinese: 工人体育场; pinyin: Gongren Tiyuchang), is a football stadium in Chaoyang, Beijing, China. It opened in 2023 on the site of the original stadium, which was demolished in 2020. One of the largest football stadiums in China, the stadium is the home of Beijing Guoan, a club that plays in the Chinese Super League.

## History

On 4 January 2020, Workers' Stadium was announced as a host venue for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup.
After finishing the 2019 season, Beijing Guoan moved its home stadium the Beijing Fengtai Stadium for three years while renovations ahead of the tournament took place. The engineering firm of the rebuild project is Beijing Construction Engineering Group.
However, on 14 May 2022, AFC announced that China would not be able to host the tournament due to the exceptional circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
On 31 December 2022, the new Workers' Stadium hosted its first event, as the New Year's Eve party called "Embrace a New Journey - 2023 BRTV New Year's Eve" took place in the stadium and was broadcast on Beijing Satellite TV.
The renovated Workers’ Stadium opened officially on 15 April 2023, which included the opening ceremony of the 2023 Chinese Super League, prior to the opening match of its season between Beijing Guoan and Meizhou Hakka. Meizhou Hakka midfielder Ye Chugui scored the first ever goal in the stadium.
On 15 June 2023, the stadium hosted its first international friendly match when Argentina beat Australia 2–0, with Lionel Messi scoring his fastest ever international career goal in just 79 seconds.

## Location

The stadium is located in Beijing's Chaoyang district. It occupies the block bounded by Gongrentiyuchang North, East, South, and West Road. It is across the street from the Workers' Indoor Arena and is near the Sanlitun business area.

### Transportation

The stadium is accessible by the Beijing subway, with Workers' Stadium station serving the location on Line 17 and Line 3. The Line 17 platform opened on 30 December 2023 and the Line 3 platform opened on 15 December 2024. The subway lines help tie the stadium to the eastern and northern neighborhoods of Beijing.

## Average attendances

| Tenants | League season | Home games | Average attendance |
| Beijing Guoan | 2024 | 15 | 46,444 |
| Beijing Guoan | 2023 | 15 | 43,769 |

## Photo gallery

* View of the stadium from the northern gate
* Stairs leading to upper stands
* View of the pitch from the stadium's southeastern corner
* Beijing Guoan banner in front of the VIP stand
* Ground floor walkways
* View of the pitch
* Stand 24 at the end of a match
* View from the southern stands ahead of a Beijing Guoan match
* Tifo in the northern stands ahead of a match-up against Shanghai Shenhua.
* View from the northwestern corner on matchday