OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Russell (rugby)

Charles "Boxer" Joseph Russell (5 December 1884 – 15 May 1957) was a pioneer Australian rugby union and rugby league footballer and coach. He represented his country in both sports and was one of Australia's early dual-code rugby internationals. He was a gold medallist at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

## Rugby union career

Russell was a centre/winger whose club rugby was played with the Newtown RUFC in Sydney. He played three Tests for the Wallabies in 1907 against the All Blacks before being selected for the first Wallaby tour of Britain in 1908. He played in both Tests of the tour, scoring tries in each. His 24 tries in all games of that tour still stands as Wallaby record. He was a member of the Australian Olympic team who won Gold in London in 1908 in the team captained by Chris McKivat.

## Rugby league career

On his return to Australia, he joined the fledgling code of rugby league along with 13 of his Olympic teammates. He played at full-back in the first Test against Great Britain in 1910 when Australia hosted the tourists. He was selected in 1911 for the 2nd Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and played in 24 tour matches, scoring 9 tries. He played on the wing in the victorious 1st and 2nd Tests of 1911.
During the 1910 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, the first ever, Russell made his international league début in the first Test in Sydney on 18 June. Four of his former Wallaby teammates also debuted that day John Barnett, Bob Craig, Jack Hickey and Chris McKivat - making them collectively Australia's 11th to 15th dual code internationals. This repeated a similar occurrence two years earlier when five former Wallabies in Micky Dore, Dally Messenger, Denis Lutge, Doug McLean snr and John Rosewell all debuted for the Kangaroos in the first ever Test against New Zealand.
His club football was with Newtown, where he played for 7 seasons. He was captain-coach of the Newtown premiership-winning side of 1910, landing two goals to tie the final against South Sydney 4-4, thus enabling Newtown to win the premiership.
Russell was also selected for the 1911–12 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain.

## Post playing

Russell coached Newtown for a number of years, including the premiership winning team of 1933. He was a graded referee and served as an Australian rugby league selector for a number of years.
Charles Russell was awarded Life Membership of the New South Wales Rugby League in 1944. In 2008, the centenary year of rugby league in Australia, Russell was named in the Newtown Jets 18-man team of the century.
# Castle Hill, New Zealand

Castle Hill is a location and a high country station in New Zealand's South Island. It is located at an altitude of 700 metres, close to State Highway 73 between Springfield and Arthur's Pass. It is private property and located within the Kura Tawhiti Conservation Area.
The hill was so named because of the imposing array of limestone boulders in the area reminiscent of an old, run-down stone castle. The front of ChristChurch Cathedral in Christchurch was made from Castle Hill limestone. The station was established by the Porter brothers, and later owned by brothers John and Charles Enys. John Enys was a noted entomologist, and friend of novelist Samuel Butler.
It is widely considered to be the epitome of New Zealand's South Island climbing scene, where on any given day one can find rock climbers bouldering the unique limestone outcroppings. This area has recently seen more visitors, as nearby Flock Hill station was used for the filming of the climactic battle scenes of the 2005 movie, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Flock Hill also has a huge number of climbable limestone boulders though access requires a short certification procedure via the internet, unlike Kura Tawhiti which, as a conservation area, allows free access at all times.

## Castle Hill Village

The nearby Castle Hill Village, located just north of Thomas River on State Highway 73, has a small number of permanent residents along with a number of holiday homes (used extensively during the winter ski season) but no public facilities other than a public toilet at the village hall and a children's playground. The village was started by the then-owner of Castle Hill Station, John Reid, in 1982.
# Evan Seys

Evan Seys (alternates: Yevan or Ievan) (c. 1604–1685) was a lawyer who rose to national office under Oliver Cromwell as Attorney General, and served as a member of parliament after the Restoration. From c.1649 until his death he was involved in the politics of his native Glamorgan, and of Gloucestershire. He was a committed and active Protestant and an antiquarian scholar.

## Family and education

Seys was the fourth son of Richard Seys of Swansea, Glamorgan and his wife Mary Evans. His father was a barrister of Lincoln's Inn. In 1638 Evan married Margaret, daughter of Robert Bridges of Woodchester, who died in 1651. He had a son, Richard, and daughters Margaret and Elizabeth.
Evan attended Cowbridge School until the age of 17, when in 1621 he went up to Christ Church, Oxford.

## Political and legal career

Seys was Recorder of Gloucester in 1649 and a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn in 1652. He went on to hold legal office in Wales under the Protectorate and was a member of the committee for governing Glamorgan. This culminated in his becoming the Attorney General to Oliver Cromwell and serving as MP for Glamorgan during the evanescent rule of Richard Cromwell in 1659.
In 1659 he was part of a broad coalition preparing the restoration of Charles II. From 1661 to 1681 he was MP for Gloucester. He lived in the substantial house in the cathedral close built by Abraham Blackleech.
# Edward Armstrong (cricketer)

Edward Armstrong (15 February 1881 – 28 April 1963) was an Australian cricketer. He played in three first-class matches for Queensland between 1905 and 1912.
# Lawrence Lewis (cricketer)

Lawrence Lewis (24 May 1889 – 2 September 1947) was an Australian cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for South Australia in 1926/27.
# Charles Drew (cricketer)

Charles Drew (24 April 1888 – 19 February 1960) was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class match for South Australia in 1925/26.
# Zayzafun

Zayzafun (Arabic: الزيزفون, romanized: Zayzafūn), also known as Ikadah (Arabic: ايكدة, romanized: Īkidah; Turkish: İğde), is a village in the northern Aleppo countryside, Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located on the Queiq Plain, between Azaz and Al-Rai, the village is some 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and just 1 km (0.62 mi) south of the border with the Turkish Province of Kilis.
Administratively the village belongs to Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Kafr Ghan 2 km (1.2 mi) to the south and Hawar Kilis 3 km (1.9 mi) to the east. In the 2004 census, Zayzafun had a population of 820.

## History

In the Syrian civil war, the Ikadah IDP Camp, located 1 km (0.62 mi) north of the village at the border to Turkey, offered shelter to internally displaced persons (IDPs), mostly from the subdistricts of Azaz, Nubl, Tell Rifaat and Mare'. In April 2016, the Ikadah camp was filled with 7,763 IDPs, when an imminent ISIL counter-offensive prompted a complete evacuation of the Ikadah camp and neighboring camps near Shamarin and Harjala. On April 14, rebels retreated from Zayzafun and the neighboring villages down to Kafr Ghan and Baraghida, leaving the remaining rebel forces around Dudyan surrounded by ISIL.

## Demographics

Ikadah is a Turkmen village. In late 19th century, traveler Martin Hartmann noted the village as a Turkish village of 10 houses, then located in the Ottoman nahiyah of Azaz-i Turkman.
# Jaucourt, Aube

Jaucourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

## History: lordship of Jaucourt

Jaucourt was an ancient seigneury or lordship that was sold by Jeanne de Jaucourt to Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy in 1367. It subsequently passed to the kings of Navarre and Henry IV of France raised it to a barony attached to the Duchy of Beaufort.
# Charles Backman

Charles James "Rappie" Backman (14 April 1884 – 25 April 1915) was an Australian cricketer. He played in one first-class match for South Australia in the 1911–12 Sheffield Shield season. He was killed during the Gallipoli Campaign and was the first Australian cricketer who played in the Sheffield Shield to be killed in World War I.

## Family

One of the nine children of Kaspar Swanton Charles Maclean Bachman (1848-1920), and Mary Anne Backman (1853-1935), née Reid, Charles James Bachman (known as Backman), was born in Adelaide, South Australia on 14 April 1884.
One of his brothers, Edward John Backman (1890-1935), and one of his brothers-in-law, Arthur John Benton (-1917), also served in the First AIF.

## Military service

Employed as a boilermaker, Backman enlisted in the First AIF on 19 August 1914, served overseas and, as a member of the 10th Australian Infantry Battalion, he took part in the landing at Anzac Cove, Gallipoli, in Turkey on Sunday, 25 April 1915.

## Death

He was killed in action at Anzac Cove, Gallipoli, Ottoman Turkey, somewhere between 25 April 1915 and 29 April 1915.
# Reginald Carter (Australian cricketer)

Reginald Carter (1 March 1888 – 16 July 1970) was an Australian cricketer. He played three first-class matches for Western Australia in 1909/10.
# Walter Hughes (cricketer)

Walter Cecil Hughes (13 August 1882 – 16 August 1917) was an Australian cricketer. He played five first-class matches for Western Australia in 1912/13. He shot himself at a factory in 1917 and died at hospital.
# Joseph Taylor (cricketer)

Joseph Taylor (7 September 1886 – 3 September 1954) was an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class matches for New South Wales between 1911/12 and 1913/14 and one first-class match for Wellington in 1927/28.
# Aubrey Johnston

Aubrey Johnston (7 September 1882 – 16 June 1960) was an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class matches for New South Wales in the 1904-1905 season.
# Harry Goddard

Harry Goddard (16 November 1885 – 13 May 1925) was an Australian cricketer. He played six first-class matches for New South Wales between 1905/06 and 1910/11.
# William Cullen (cricketer)

William Cullen (31 May 1887 – 7 May 1945) was a New Zealand-born Australian cricketer. He played one first-class match for New South Wales in 1914/15.
# Hawar Kilis

Hawar Kilis (Arabic: حوار كلس, romanized: Ḥiwār Kalas, Turkish: Havar Kilis or Havar), alternatively spelled Hiwar Kalas, is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located between Azaz and Al-Rai, on the Queiq Plain, some 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and just 2 km (1.2 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis.
The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Zayzafun 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west and Baraghida 3 km (1.9 mi) to the south.

## Demographics

In the 2004 census, Hawar Kilis had a population of 438. The village is inhabited by Turkmen. In late 19th century, traveler Martin Hartmann noted Hawar as a Turkish village of 10 houses, then located in the Ottoman nahiyah of Azaz-i Turkman.
# Ari Holtzman

Ari Holtzman is a professor of Computer Science at the University of Chicago and an expert in the area of Natural language processing and Computational linguistics. Previously, Holtzman was a PhD student at the University of Washington where he was advised by Luke Zettlemoyer.
In 2017, he was a member of the winning team for the inaugural Alexa Prize for developing a conversational AI system for the Amazon Alexa device. Holtzman has made multiple contributions in the area of text generation and language models such as the introduction of nucleus sampling in 2019, his work on AI safety and neural fake news detection, and the fine-tuning of quantized large language models.
# Hammersmith tube station

There are two London Underground stations called Hammersmith, located closely to each other:
* Hammersmith tube station (District and Piccadilly lines)
* Hammersmith tube station (Circle and Hammersmith & City lines)
# Timothy Coghlan (cricketer)

Timothy Coghlan (29 March 1939 – 8 February 2004) was an English cricketer. He played twenty first-class matches for Cambridge University Cricket Club between 1958 and 1961.
# George Carter (Australian footballer)

George Henry Carter (25 March 1910 – 12 February 1971) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood and Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Reg Gibson

Reginald Joseph Gibson (10 December 1912 – 26 July 1969) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
After his football career he served in the Royal Australian Navy in World War II.
# Pegvaliase

Pegvaliase, sold under the brand name Palynziq, is a medication used for the treatment of the genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU). It is a phenylalanine (Phe)‑metabolizing enzyme. Chemically, it is a pegylated derivative of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase that metabolizes phenylalanine to reduce its blood levels.
The most common adverse events include injection site reactions, joint pain, hypersensitivity reactions, headache, generalized skin reactions lasting at least 14 days, pruritus (itchy skin), nausea, dizziness, abdominal pain, throat pain, fatigue, vomiting, cough and, diarrhea.
It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States in 2018. The FDA considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

## Medical uses

Pegvaliase is indicated to reduce blood Phe concentrations in adults with phenylketonuria who have uncontrolled blood Phe concentrations greater than 600 micromol/L on existing management.

## Adverse effects

The FDA label for pegvaliase includes a boxed warning for anaphylaxis.

## History

The safety and efficacy of pegvaliase were studied in two clinical trials in adult participants with PKU with blood phenylalanine concentrations greater than 600 μmol/L on existing management. Most PKU participants in the pegvaliase trials were on an unrestricted diet prior to and during the trials. The first trial was a randomized, open-label trial in participants treated with increasing doses of pegvaliase administered as a subcutaneous injection up to a target dose of either 20 mg once daily or 40 mg once daily. The second trial was an 8-week, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial in participants who were previously treated with pegvaliase. Participants treated with pegvaliase achieved statistically significant reductions in blood phenylalanine concentrations from their pre-treatment baseline blood Phe concentrations.
The FDA granted approval of Palynziq to BioMarin Pharmaceutical.
# 1911 All-Western college football team

The 1911 All-Western college football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Western teams chosen by various selectors for the 1911 college football season.

## All-Western selections
### Ends

* Stanfield Wells, Michigan (AX, CEP, ECP-1, EWC, GWA, LGS, SFE, SJ, WE)
* Joseph Hoeffel, Wisconsin (EWC, LGS, SFE, WE)
* Paul Harold Tobin, Minnesota (AX, ECP-2, GWA)
* Knute Rockne, Notre Dame (SJ)
* Chauncey B. Oliver, Illinois (ECP-2)

### Tackles

* Alfred L. Buser, Wisconsin (AX, CEP, ECP-1, EWC [guard], GWA, SFE)
* Frederick L. Conklin, Michigan (AX, ECP-2, EWC, GWA, LGS, WE)
* Charles M. Rademacher, Chicago (CEP, ECP-1, LGS, SFE, WE)
* Leonard Frank, Minnesota (ECP-2)

### Guards

* Horace F. Scruby, Chicago (CEP, ECP-1, EWC, GWA, LGS, SFE, WE)
* Sylvester V. Shonka, Nebraska (AX, CEP, ECP-2, EWC [tackle], SFE, SJ [tackle], WE)
* Lucius A. Smith, Minnesota (ECP-1, LGS, SJ)
* Charles H. Belting, Illinois (AX, GWA)
* Charles J. Robinson, Minnesota (SJ)
* Paul Belting, Illinois (ECP-2)

### Centers

* Willis "Fat" O'Brien, Iowa (AX, CEP, GWA, LGS, SFE, SJ)
* Clifford F. Morrell, Minnesota (ECP-1, EWC, WE)
* R. E. Branstad, Wisconsin (ECP-2)

### Quarterbacks

* John "Keckie" Moll, Wisconsin (AX, CEP, ECP-2, EWC, GWA, LGS, SJ, WE)
* Thomas Andrew Gill, Indiana (SFE)
* Edmund Gillette, Wisconsin (ECP-1)

### Halfbacks

* Reuben Martin Rosenwald, Minnesota (AX, CEP [fullback], ECP-1, GWA, LGS, SFE, SJ, WE)
* Clark Sauer, Chicago (AX [fullback], CEP, ECP-1, GWA [fullback], LGS, SFE, WE)
* James B. Craig, Michigan (AX, CEP, ECP-2, EWC, GWA)
* Owen A. Frank, Nebraska (EWC, SJ [tackle])
* Lewis C. Stevens, Minnesota (ECP-2, SJ)

### Fullbacks

* George C. Thomson, Michigan (ECP-1, EWC, SFE, WE)
* Ralph Capron, Minnesota (CEP [end], ECP-1 [end], LGS, SJ)
* Stanley R. Pierce, Chicago (ECP-2)

## Key

Bold = consensus choice by a majority of the selectors
AX = G. W. Axelson
CEP = Chicago Evening Post
ECP = E. C. Patterson of Collier's Weekly
EWC = Edward W. Cochrane, sporting editor of Kansas City Journal
GWA = G. W. Axelson, sporting editor of Chicago Record-Herald
LGS = L. G. Sullivan, sporting editor of Chicago Daily News
SJ = Edgar L. Shave and John L. Johnson in the St. Paul Daily News
WE = Walter Eckersall
SFE = San Francisco Examiner
# Roland Bugatti

Roland Bugatti (23 August 1922 – 29 March 1977) was a French engineer and automotive industrialist. He was one of the three sons of Ettore Bugatti, founder and builder of the car brand Bugatti, and younger brother of Jean Bugatti.

## Biography

In 1951, after the death of his brother Jean Bugatti in 1939, and his father Ettore Bugatti in 1947, Roland Bugatti (age 25) and Marco Pierre (former pilot and loyal partner of the plant) tried to pursue the Adventure Bugatti unsuccessfully.
| 1951 Bugatti Type 101 | 1956 Bugatti Type 252 | 1956 Bugatti Type 251 |
They produced the Bugatti Type 101, successor of the Bugatti Type 57; It is considered by many to be the last true Bugatti car. Eight models were produced in 1951 and 1952 (and one in 1965) and six of them were sold.
In 1956 the company attempted a comeback in Formula One competition with the Bugatti Type 251.
In 1963 Bugatti was sold to the aerospace company Hispano-Suiza.
Bugatti died in Aix-en-Provence on 29 March 1977.
# Percival Arnott

Percival Arnott (9 July 1889 – 23 December 1950) was an Australian cricketer. He played ten first-class matches for New South Wales between 1911/12 and 1912/13.
Percy Arnott was a director of Arnott's Biscuits. He died in December 1950, survived by his wife and their four married daughters.
# 1861 in Russia

Events from the year 1861 in Russia

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Alexander II

## Events

* February 27 – Russian troops fire on a crowd in Warsaw protesting Russian rule, killing 5 protesters.
* March 3 (February 19 O.S.) – Emancipation reform of 1861: Serfdom is abolished.
* March 13 – Tsushima incident: the Russian corvette Posadnik arrives at Tsushima Island in the Korea Strait, Japan, provoking a reaction from the Japan.
* April 24 (N.S.) – Bezdna in Russia is the scene of a peasant uprising; the military open fire and nearly 5000 are killed.
* May 21 – Russian sailors clash with Japanese samurai and farmers at Tsushima island.

## Births

* 16 November - Arvid Järnefelt, Finnish author (d. 1932)
# 1879 in Russia

Events from the year 1879 in Russia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Alexander II

## Events
### April

* April 20 - Assassination attempt on Tsar Alexander II by Alexander Soloviev. Soloviev shot five times from his revolver but failed to hit Alexander II.

### August

* August 15 - The revolutionary organization Land and Liberty split into the terrorist wing Narodnaya Volya and the political wing Black Repartition.

### December

* December - The Narodynaya Volya group plans a train explosion, but fails to kill the Tsar.
* Kharkov Mathematical Society

## Births

* Leon Trotsky, Soviet statesman.

## Deaths
### May

* May 28 - Alexander Soloviev, revolutionary who attempted to assassinate Tsar Alexander II
# 1888 in Russia

Three notable events occurred in 1888 in Russia, under Alexander III.

## Events

* 29 October – Borki train disaster.

### First editions

* Pochtovo-Telegrafnyi Zhurnal
* Semya i Shkola

## Births

* 5 April – Varvara Brilliant-Lerman, plant physiologist (died 1954).
# 1890 in Russia

Events from the year 1890 in Russia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Alexander III

## Events

* Eastern journey of Nicholas II
* Gugunian Expedition
* Armenian Revolutionary Federation
* Haji Alakbar Mosque
* Rakvere Lihakombinaat
* Saint Petersburg Mathematical Society
* The Kreutzer Sonata
* Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary

## Births

* January 20 - Boris Kozo-Polyansky, botanist and evolutionary biologist (d. 1957)
* February 10 – Boris Pasternak, writer (Doctor Zhivago), Nobel Prize laureate (declined) (d. 1960)
* March 9 (new style) - Vyacheslav Molotov, Soviet politician (d. 1986)
* April 18 – Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (d.1958)
* May 27 – Konstantin Ivanov, poet and important figure in Chuvash literature (d.1915)
* August 3 – Konstantin Melnikov, avant-garde architect (d. 1974)
* August 13 – Lydia Zvereva, first Russian woman to earn a pilot's licence (d. 1916)
* November 9 – Grigory Kulik, Soviet military officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1950)
* November 23 – El Lissitzky, Russian artist and architect (d. 1941)

## Deaths

* April 1 – Alexander Mozhaysky, an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, an aviation pioneer, and a researcher and designer of heavier-than-air craft (b. 1825)
* December 18 – Grigory Danilevsky, historical novelist, and Privy Councillor of Russia (b. 1829)
# 1903 in Russia

Events from the year 1903 in Russia.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Nicholas II

## Events

* 14 January - Opening of Hotel National, Moscow
* dates unknown
* 19-21 April - the 49 Jews are killed in the Kishinev Pogrom
* Chernoe Znamia
* Estonian Chess Championship
* Kharovsk
* Klavdiievo-Tarasove
* Mensheviks
* Rahumäe cemetery
* Ševčík-Lhotský Quartet
* Zimin Opera
* ongoing - Central Committee compositions elected by the 1st–3rd congresses of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

## Births

11 July - Rudolf Abel, Anglo-Russian Soviet intelligence officer (1971)
25 September – Mark Rothko, Russian-American abstract artist (d. 1970)

## Deaths

* 22 May – Dmitry Gamov, Russian general and explorer (b. 1834)