OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Meitei linguistic purism movement

The Meitei linguistic purity movement is a political and social language reform movement that aims to purge the Meitei language of foreign elements (such as loanwords from Hindi, Sanskrit, and English) and promote a supposedly purer form of Meitei. The movement includes literary, political, and social organisations as well as notable members of government.
The movement has sometimes veered into censorship.

## Manipuri Lexicon Committee

During August 2014, Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup, 'United Forum for Safeguarding Manipuri Script and Language' (MEELAL) appealed to Meitei-language writers to avoid the use of loanwords from other languages. The Manipuri Lexicon Committee convened to investigate the use of loan words in Meitei works. In September 2014, the Committee approved Meitei literature textbooks for secondary school classes 9 and 10. During December 2014, MEELAL investigated books published by the Manipur Board of Secondary Education for classes 1-10.
MEELAL also announced that schools should not keep any books that don't abide by its rules. In December 2014, at MEELAL's head office in Imphal, volunteers tore up and banned three books that were found to contain non-native words. Earlier, the authors had ignored the Lexicon Committee's demands for "correction" of the language. The books were Kainya, a book of poetry by Punshiba Soibam, Sahitya Neinarol Anouba, by Bhorot Sanasam, and Manglan Khara Saktam Khara a book of short stories by Khundongbam Gokulchandra.
During December 2014, the Meitei-language film Court Marriage was banned by MEELAL for containing foreign language words. Its director, Bimol Phibou, was banned from filmmaking for not responding to the organization's summons.
In February 2015, MEELAL sought to ban songs in "fusional" forms of Meitei from All India Radio and Doordarshan.

## Native language naming

In August 2019, the Manipur Legislative Assembly renamed the former Tulihal International Airport (also known as Imphal International Airport) to Bir Tikendrajit International Airport. The change was strongly opposed by the South East Asia Cultural Organisation on the grounds that the government should have chosen an indigenous name, and due to the lack of consultation. The Indigenous People's Association of Kangleipak also urged the government to reconsider its decision and give the airport an indigenous name, suggesting Athouba Koirengsana, which is a Meitei-language name of Bir Tikendrajit. The former official name, Tulihal International Airport referred to Ebudhou Tulihal, a local guardian deity. The Khongjom War Memorial Trust also opposed the government's decision.
In December 2021, MEELAL opposed the Manipri Education Minister's proposal rename the Meitei script, replacing the wholly indigenous Meitei mayek, 'Meitei script' with the Sanskritized Manipuri eyek. MEELAL warned the minister that they and the general public would agitate if he pursued the idea.
# Derybasivska Street

Vulytsia Derybasivska (Ukrainian: Дерибасівська) or De Ribas Street is a pedestrian walkway (street) in the heart of Odesa, Ukraine. The street is named after José de Ribas, who was the builder of Odesa, the head of military and civil administration and had a house on this street.
Next to the street is Odesa's first park, which was built shortly after the foundation of the city in 1803 by the De Ribas brothers, Joseph and Felix (Josep and Fèlix). This park has a fountain, bandstand, and several monuments, including a sculpture of a lion and lioness with her cubs, a chair commemorating the famous book "The Twelve Chairs", two monuments to Leonid Utyosov (a sculpture and also a phone which plays his music), and a monument to Sergey Utochkin, a famous pilot.

## History

Derybasivska Street was previously named Gimnazskaya (Gimnazicheskaya) Street after the Gymnasium which opened April 16, 1804. It was renamed for de Ribas on July 6, 1811, being called Deribasovskaya or de Ribasovskaya or just Ribasovskaya. During the first years of Bolshevik rule (1920–1938) it was named after the German socialist Ferdinand Lassalle. From 1938 to 1941, it was called Chkalov Street. Finally, on November 19, 1941, it was renamed Derybasivska.
Derybasivska street was closed to car traffic and turned into a pedestrian zone in the spring of 1984. Prior to that, it was used not only by cars, but also by the city trolleybuses of route 1 and 2, which were moved to the neighbouring streets after replanning. Derybasivska Street runs from near Kachynskoho Street up to the Preobrazhenska and Sadova, crossing Italiiska, Rishelievska, Yevropeiska, Havanna, and Ivana Lutsenka Lane.
Every year on first of April the Humorina procession goes the whole length of Derybasivska Street, which is packed with tens of thousands of onlookers and participants dressed in funny costumes.
# Les Rennie

Les Rennie (21 September 1908 – 25 September 1983) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Leo Smith (baseball)

Lionel H. "Leo" Smith (May 13, 1859 in Brooklyn, New York – August 30, 1935 in Brooklyn, New York) was a Major League Baseball shortstop. He played for the Rochester Broncos in 1890.
# Argilloberyx

Argilloberyx is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine bony fish that lived during the lower Eocene. It contains one species, A. prestwichae, known from the London Clay Formation on the Isle of Sheppey, United Kingdom. It is considered a member of the family Berycidae.
# Żabiniec, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

Żabiniec (German: Wiesenhof) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Białogard, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Białogard and 110 km (68 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Jyoti Kumari

Jyoti Kumari (born c. 2005) is an Indian student from Sirhulli in the rural Darbhanga district of Bihar. She came to notice after she bicycled some 1,200 km (750 mi) with her injured father to reach their home village during COVID-19 lockdowns in India. She was given a national award, and a Bollywood film was proposed to record her story.

## Life

Kumari was born around 2005, and is from a small village named Sirhulli in the Darbhanga district in Bihar. Her mother, Phoolo Devi, is a cook in an Anganwadi child care facility, and her father was an e-rickshaw driver.
On 25 March 2020, India imposed a lockdown to try to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in tens of millions of out-of-work migrant workers deciding that they should journey home where they had the support networks required to look after them. Among these was Kumari's father, a rickshaw driver, but he had damaged his leg in an accident and was unable to walk. India's government had imposed different restrictions for different areas, but nationwide restrictions included travel restrictions and no interstate bus journeys. They were a long way from their homes and Kumari proposed to cycle home. With their last money they bought a girl's bicycle and despite Kumari's father's doubts they set off on 8 May 2020.
Spectators were surprised to find a large man sitting on the seat of a bicycle while his much smaller daughter did the pedalling. They did have a short lift in a lorry, but they travelled about 100 miles each day. Some say that there may have been more than one lift but the journey was still significant and she was described as travelling for 1,200 km (750 mi) with her father from Gurugram to Sirhulli in Bihar.
This act of bravery was praised by the Senior Advisor to the President of the United States, Ivanka Trump, and Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Other well wishers and VIPs were outside her house when the story was published. The crowd was criticised for not following India's social distancing rules whilst giving her gifts.
Even though there were several promises to help her attend school, Jyoti has still not been admitted into any secondary or higher secondary school.
Kumari was conferred the 2021 Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Shakti Puraskar for bravery in the times of pandemic by the President of India. Jyoti was invited to appear for cycling trials at the All India Cycling Federation because she was a plausible selection for the Indian cycling team. The New York Times, in reports on Jyoti, referred to her as the "lionhearted girl… inspiring a nation".

## Film proposal

It was reported by India Today that Jyoti would play the lead role for a proposed Bollywood movie on her journey with her ailing father back home. The journey would be from Gurugram to Darbhanga, but it would also include fictionalised incidents to develop the story.
# Minimerg

Minimerg is the untouched valley of Azad Kashmir in the Pakistani region. Due to close proximity to the LOC (Line of Control), limited civilian tourists are allowed.

## Villages

There are two villages in the valley of Minimerg: Domail and Kamri

## Location

Minimerg valley is located at the extreme end of the Astore District towards Azad Kashmir. To its east is the Kargil, to the north lies the town of Astore, to the west is Azad Kashmir (Neelum Valley) and to the south is the Indian held Kashmir. The valley connects city of Gilgit-Baltistan to Azad Kashmir via a foot track.

## Routes

The entrance to Miminerg is through Astore from Gilgit’s side and from famous Deosei Plains from Sakardu side. It goes downhill from Burzil pass which is located at the height of 14000 feet at sea level. This land is decorated with the grass slopes, thick pine forests, fertile fields and blue water streams. In winter it is covered with white sheet of snow, with no accessibility from November to May each year. In summers it is heaven on earth with lush green grasslands and tiny colorful flowers that are spread like a carpet.

## Population

This area is scarcely populated due to severe winter season. The population of the valley is not more than 3000. The inhabitants grow crops in summer season.

## Wildlife

The valley has diverse fauna and wildlife including Himalayan bears, snow leopards, snow fox, markhor, chakoor and marmot.
This is page content.
* ↑ Astore Valley
# Penn Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania

Penn Township is a township in Perry County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,112 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 21.6 square miles (55.9 km$^2$), of which 21.4 square miles (55.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.2 square mile (0.4 km$^2$) (0.74%) is water. It is located along the right bank of the Susquehanna River, which Highway 11/15 follows. The township's villages include Aqueduct, Cove, Kinkora Heights, Losh Run (also in Miller Township,) Perdix.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,013 people, 1,159 households, and 846 families residing in the township. The population density was 140.5 inhabitants per square mile (54.2/km$^2$). There were 1,242 housing units at an average density of 57.9 per square mile (22.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.54% White, 0.30% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.03% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.33% of the population.
There were 1,159 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $43,198, and the median income for a family was $51,627. Males had a median income of $35,819 versus $24,561 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,457. About 4.6% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.
# George Swinton (artist)

George Swinton CM RCA L.L. D. (17 April 1917 – 21 April 2002) was a Canadian painter, historian, and one of the earliest writers and collectors of Inuit art. His book Eskimo Sculpture was published in 1965. A second book Sculpture of the Eskimo followed in 1972, a third Sculpture of the Inuit in 1999.

## Life and career

Swinton was born in Vienna, Austria, under the name Georg Heinz Schwitzer. In 1935/36, he studied agriculture at the BOKU (nowadays University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences), from 1936 to 1938 Economics and Political Science at the College for World Trade (Hochschule für Welthandel, nowadays Vienna University of Economics and Business). After the "Anschluss" of Austria to the "Third Reich" (March 1938), he emigrated with his family via the United Kingdom to Canada (1939). He served five years with the Canadian Intelligence Corps in the Canadian Army, becoming a Canadian citizen in 1944. He received his B.A. degree in economics and political science from McGill University, Montreal (1946); then studied at the Montreal School of Art and Design (1946–1947) and Art Students League, New York (1949–1950).
He was hired as the curator of the Saskatoon Art Centre (1947–1949), then taught at Smith College in Massachusetts (1950–1953) and was an artist-in-residence at Queen's University (1953–1954). From 1954 to 1974, he taught at the School of Art at the University of Manitoba. He first travelled north for the Hudson's Bay Company in 1957. From 1974 to 1981, he taught Canadian Studies at Carleton University, then served as an adjunct professor in the Department of Art History at Carleton University from 1981 to 1985.
Swinton was the author of Eskimo Sculpture (1965), Sculpture of the Eskimo (1972), Sculpture of the Inuit (1992), and other books and articles on the subject. Sculpture of the Eskimo was reviewed by a peer, William E. Taylor Jr., the archaeologist and director from 1967 to 1983 of the National Museum of Man (now the Canadian Museum of History), in 1972 as "the most comprehensive statement on Canadian Eskimo sculpture and the best representative collection of photographs of the sculptures themselves" and Swinton's text as "personal, committed, vigorous and wide-ranging".

## Death

In 2002, he died due to complications caused by congestive heart failure in Winnipeg.

## Art work

In watercolours and paintings of landscapes, Swinton revealed his love of the prairie. In 1958, he had an exhibition of his paintings at the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria.

## Selected public collections

* National Gallery of Canada
* Art Gallery of Greater Victoria
* Vancouver Art Gallery
* Winnipeg Art Gallery

## Selected honours

* Order of Canada (1980)
* Honorary Degree, University of Manitoba (1987)
* 125th Anniversary of Canadian Confederation Medal (1992)
* Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)
# Jiaozuo Film and Television City

Jiaozuo Film and Television City (Simplified Chinese: 焦作影视城; Traditional Chinese: 焦作影視城) is a complex and theme park of high ancient Chinese architecture in Jiaozuo city, Henan, China. In 1995, the Jiaozuo Municipal People's Government and China Central Television jointly invested 230 million yuan to build it. It covers an area of 2.5 square kilometers with a construction area of 400,000 square meters.
The film city attempts to revive the architectural styles of the early Huaxia, and many films and TV shows set during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States, the Qin, Han and Three Kingdoms era have been filmed here.
Currently, the complex is in a state of lacking conservation and restoration.
# Giant Canada goose

The giant Canada goose (Branta canadensis maxima) is the largest subspecies of Canada goose, on average weighing in at 5 kg (11 pounds). It is found in central North America. These geese were at one point considered extinct, but were later rediscovered. The giant Canada goose was once kept and bred in captivity for use as hunting decoys and for food.

## Description

The giant Canada goose is often mistaken for the Moffitt's Canada goose. However, giant geese have both a lower call and a larger bill to body size ratio. Another good identifier includes the black on the neck, which starts much further up the neck than any other subspecies. The giant goose's white cheek patch is very large, reaching the lower bill. Unlike other variants, the underbelly is very pale. A less reliable identifier is the white forehead and eyebrows, which don't always occur and Moffitt's geese less commonly have. The wings measure between 480 mm (19 in) to 550 mm (22 in). The tail is between 147 mm (5.8 in) to 170 mm (6.7 in).

## Taxonomy

The giant Canada goose is occasionally classified with the Moffitt's Canada goose, forming a singular subspecies. It is also, alongside the dusky Canada goose, the closest relative to the Hawaiian goose.

## Recovery

In the 1950s, the giant Canada goose was declared extinct. However, a small population in Rochester, Minnesota was rediscovered by biologists in 1962. In recent years, the subspecies' numbers have been increasing and can commonly be found in parks and other urban areas. It is also thought that introduced populations of Canada geese in Europe are derived from B. c. maxima in addition to the nominate subspecies canadensis.
# Sparrow Morton

William P. Morton was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues in two games for the 1884 Philadelphia Quakers. He later played in the minors in 1885 and 1886.
# Gil Hatfield

Gilbert Hatfield (January 27, 1855 – May 27, 1921), nicknamed "Colonel", was an American professional baseball player who played third base and shortstop in the Major Leagues from 1885 to 1895. He was interred at Fairview Cemetery (Fairview, New Jersey). He was the brother of fellow major leaguer John Hatfield.
# Connie Murphy

Cornelius David Murphy (November 1, 1870 – December 14, 1945) was a Major League Baseball catcher. He played parts of two seasons, 1893 and 1894, for the Cincinnati Reds. Murphy's minor league baseball career spanned seventeen seasons, from 1889 until 1905.
# Ed Kennedy (infielder)

William Edward Kennedy (April 5, 1861 – December 22, 1912) was a 19th-century baseball third baseman for the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of the Union Association in 1884. He appeared in 13 games for the Reds and hit .208.
# Nat Hudson

Nathaniel P. Hudson (January 12, 1859 or 1869 – March 14, 1928) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Browns from 1886 to 1889.
Hudson started his professional baseball career at the age of 15, with Quincy of the Northwestern League. In 1886, he signed with the Browns and went 16–10 for them. He also started and won one game in the 1886 World Series against the National League's Chicago White Stockings.
Hudson had his best season in 1888, going 25–10 with a 2.54 earned run average and leading the American Association in winning percentage. His career record was 48 wins and 26 losses.
On July 17, 1889, Hudson was traded to the Louisville Colonels in exchange for Toad Ramsey; however, he refused to report to Louisville and never played another major league game. On August 18, he was sold for $1,000 to the Minneapolis Millers of the Western Association. He played two seasons for them before retiring.
Hudson died in his hometown of Chicago, Illinois in 1928. He is interred at Rosehill Cemetery.
# Lev Shreve

Leven Lawrence Shreve (March 12, 1866 in Louisville, Kentucky – November 7, 1942 in Detroit, Michigan), was a pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1887–1889. He played for the Baltimore Orioles and Indianapolis Hoosiers.
# Ira Belden

Ira Allison Belden (April 16, 1874 – July 15, 1916) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball who played in the late 19th century.
# Billy Nash

William Mitchell Nash (June 24, 1865 – November 15, 1929) was an American Major League Baseball third baseman. He played 15 seasons in the majors, from 1884 to 1898. He served as player-manager of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1896, and in 1901 he umpired 101 games in the National League.

## Career statistics

Nash entered the professional leagues with his hometown team the Richmond Virginians of the American Association in 1884 as a nineteen-year-old. He played 45 games and batted .199. He joined the Boston Beaneaters in 1885. He batted .255 in 26 games. He would play 10 of his next 11 seasons with the Beaneaters, with the 1890 season being the exception when Nash joined the Players' League that was filled with stars that left for greener pastures. He batted a career-best in 1887 with a .295 season in 121 games and also stole a career-high 43 bases. Nash participated in one postseason series in the 1892 World Series (the last of the "pre-modern World Series" matchups), in which the National League matched up the two champions of the first and second half to a best-of-nine series. Nash batted .167 with just four hits but Boston won in six games. He was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies for Billy Hamilton in 1896, where he closed out his last three seasons (with his first season seeing him serve as player-manager), batting over .240 in each year before electing to stop playing on May 28 after playing just 20 games in the 1898 season. He became a minor league manager in Buffalo and Hartford after his playing days ended.
In 15 seasons, Nash played 1,553 games, compiling a .275 batting average (1616-5867), with 271 doubles, 87 triples, 60 home runs, 983 RBIs, 805 walks to 414 strikeouts, a .367 on-base percentage, and a .382 slugging percentage.

## Person life

He ran a variety of jobs after finishing baseball, such as managing a hotel in Buffalo, umpiring for a time in 1901 and studying for a MD to serve in the medical department in Wrentham, Massachusetts. While inspecting a medical facility in East Orange, New Jersey, he had a fatal heart attack at 64 on November 15, 1929.
# Howard Earl

Howard J. Earl (February 25, 1869 – December 23, 1916), nicknamed "Slim Jim", was a Major League Baseball outfielder. He played two seasons in the majors, a full season in 1890 for the Chicago Colts, and then 1891 for the Milwaukee Brewers, who were a midseason replacement team in the American Association.
Earl's minor league baseball career spanned 22 seasons, from 1886 with the Boston Blues of the New England League until 1907 with the Amsterdam-Gloversville-Johnstown Jags of the New York State League. From 1899 onward, he served as player-manager at each stop. During the latter part of his career he shifted from the outfield to first base.
# Harry Little (baseball)

Harry Alexander Little (November 9, 1850 – February 17, 1927), was an American Major League Baseball player who played mainly outfield in 1877 for the St. Louis Brown Stockings and Louisville Grays.
# Fustic

Fustic is a common name for several plants and a yellow dye produced from these plants:
* Maclura tinctoria (dyer's mulberry or old fustic) and the yellow dye produced from its heartwood, principally the flavonol morin.
* Cotinus coggygria (smoke tree or young fustic) and the yellow dye produced from its wood, the flavonol, fisetin.
# Krępa Krajeńska

Krępa Krajeńska (German: Crampe) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuczno, within Wałcz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Tuczno, 28 km (17 mi) west of Wałcz, and 101 km (63 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.
The village has a population of 90.
Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, 1772-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see Wałcz County.
There is a train station in the village.