OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Happy End (1973 album)

Happy End is the third and final album by Japanese folk rock band Happy End. It was recorded in Los Angeles, produced by Van Dyke Parks and features several American session musicians such as Lowell George and Bill Payne of the band Little Feat.

## Background and recording

The album was recorded at Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles in late 1972. Van Dyke Parks, known for his collaborations with Brian Wilson and The Beach Boys, produced the album. In 2013, Parks stated that the band walked in unannounced while he and Lowell George were working on "Sailin' Shoes" and asked him to give them the "California Sound". He initially refused saying he was busy with sessions for his own album Discover America, but accepted when George noticed a suitcase full of new one hundred-dollar bills with Happy End's manager.
Although Haruomi Hosono later described the work with Parks as "productive," the album sessions were tenuous, and the members of Happy End were disenchanted with their vision of America they had anticipated. A language barrier along with opposition between the Los Angeles studio personnel and the band was also apparent, which further frustrated the group. He and Eiichi Ohtaki both recalled that Parks was drunk during production and tried to lecture them about Pearl Harbor and World War II. These feelings were conveyed in the closing track "Sayonara America, Sayonara Nippon" (さよならアメリカ　さよならニッポン, "Goodbye America, Goodbye Japan"), which received some contributions from Parks and George. As Takashi Matsumoto explained: "We had already given up on Japan, and with [that song], we were saying bye-bye to America too—we weren't going to belong to any place."
Happy End officially disbanded on December 31, 1972, two months before the album was released on February 25, 1973.
In 1974, Shigeru Suzuki returned to Los Angeles to record his first solo album Band Wagon and once again worked with Bill Payne, Dick Hyde and Kirby Johnson.
The song "Fuuraibo" would be covered by pop singer Chisato Moritaka on her 1998 album, This Summer Will Be More Better, which was produced by Hosono.

## Personnel

Happy End
* Haruomi Hosono – bass guitar, mandolin, acoustic guitar, piano, vocals
* Eiichi Ohtaki – acoustic guitar, vocals
* Shigeru Suzuki – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, vocals
* Takashi Matsumoto – drums, percussion
Session musicians and production staff
* Kirby Johnson – brass arrangements on tracks 1–3
* Van Dyke Parks – organ, piano
* Tom Scott – alto sax, tenor sax
* Bill Payne – piano
* Dave Duke – French horn
* Slyde Hyde – trombone
* Chuck Findley – trumpet
* Lowell George – slide guitar
* Design and layout by Work Shop Mu!!
* Photo by Masahiro Nogami
# Signe Amundsen

Signe Amundsen Finsland (9 June 1899 - 13 May 1987) was a Norwegian operatic soprano. She studied singing in her native country with the soprano Mimi Hviid before making her professional debut at the Gamle Logen in Oslo in 1920. She then pursued further voice studies in Rome with Rosina Storchia and made her Italian debut at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in 1925 as Norina in Gaetano Donizetti's Don Pasquale. She was heard at that house later that year as Rosina in Gioachino Rossini's The Barber of Seville. She was then heard in the title role of Giuseppe Verdi's Aida at La Scala, and during her time in Milan studied singing further with the conductor Antonio Votto. She was soon heard at the Opéra-Comique in Paris as Santuzza in Pietro Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana. After further engagements in the French provinces, she became a member of the National Theatre, Oslo where she remained active for the rest of her career. As an educator, she was the singing teacher of Eva Gustavson.
# Tinmel

30°59′05″N 8°13′43″W﻿ / ﻿30.98472°N 8.22861°W﻿ / 30.98472; -8.22861
Tinmel (Berber: Tin Mel or Tin Mal, Arabic: تينمل) is a small mountain village in the High Atlas 100 km from Marrakesh, Morocco. Tinmel was the cradle of the Berber Almohad empire, from where the Almohads started their military campaigns against the Almoravids in the early 12th century.

## History

With the seizure of Marrakesh in 1147, Tinmel became the spiritual capital and the artistic centre of the Almohad Caliphate. The village is home to the tombs of the Almohad rulers. In Tinmel, the Almohad dirham, symbol of its economic prosperity, was struck.

## Tinmal Mosque

The Tinmal Mosque is a mosque located in the High Atlas mountains of North Africa. It was built in 1156 to commemorate the founder of the Almohad dynasty, Mohamed Ibn Tumart. The edifice is one of the two mosques in Morocco open to non-Muslims, the other being the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca. The prototype for the Tinmal mosque was the Great Mosque of Taza, also built by Abd al-Mu'min. The Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakech was in its turn modelled on it.
On 8 September 2023 a powerful earthquake crumbled the mosque’s intricate domes and graceful arches. A team of archaeologists, historians and engineers had nearly finished months of work restoring the mosque set deep in the mountains of Morocco.

## World Heritage Status

The Tinmel mosque was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 1 July 1995 in the Cultural category.
# Villa Cattaneo dell'Olmo

Villa Cattaneo, also known as Villa dell'Olmo o Villa Cattaneo Delle Piane dell'Olmo is a historical aristocratic villa in the Cornigliano Campi neighborhood in Genoa, Italy.

## History

The "dell'Olmo" (Italian for "of the elm") settlement in Cornigliano Campi, adjacent to the fourteenth-century Abbey of San Niccolò del Boschetto, belonged to the Grimaldi family from the 15th century. After several ownership changes, the Cattaneo family, heirs of the Grimaldi, rebuilt the building as a suburban manor in the 17th century.
In 1978, the villa was purchased by the industrial group Ansaldo, which already owned most of the surrounding lands, previously agricultural but later converted into an industrial site. Following the restoration of the interior and the reinforcement of the floors, using techniques that preserved the original frescoed vaults, the villa became the headquarters of the Ansaldo Historical Archive, now known as the Ansaldo Foundation
Today, the villa is open to the public and hosts activities for the acquisition, conservation, digitization and enhancement of the historical archives of the present and former affiliates to the Ansaldo Group (now Leonardo), as well as cultural and artistic events and exhibitions.

## Description

The structure and layout of the villa are inspired by the Galeazzo Alessi's compositional model typical of the style of many Genoese palaces and villas, characterized by simple cubic lines and proportions, also recognizable in the Palazzi dei Rolli in Strada Nuova and the suburban villas in Sampierdarena. The internal layout keeps the collective areas, including the chapel on the first floor, separate from the private rooms and the ballroom on the main floor.
The decorations of the interior, committed to Giacomo Antonio Boni and his workshop in the mid-18th century, subdivides the internal spaces through the use of trompe-l'oeil techniques in the atrium and the main staircase, culminating in the Arcadian and mythological frescoes in the ballroom. The later neoclassical decoration of the noble floor rooms and the chapel, dating to the end of the century, integrates harmoniously with the previous pictorial cycle.
The frescoes in the ground floor lounges, added in the 19th century after a change of ownership, represent the last decorative contribution to the villa, along with a new visual arrangement of the surrounding park, including the still-existing tree-lined avenue.
# Fuladh ibn Manadhar

Fuladh ibn Manadhar (Persian: فولاد بن ماناذیر), was a Justanid prince, who served as a high-ranking military officer of the Buyid dynasty.

## Biography

Fuladh was the son of Manadhar, a Justanid king. Fuladh had a brother named Khusrau Shah, who ruled Rudbar after Manadhar. He also had an unnamed sister, who married the Buyid ruler Adud al-Dawla, and bore him two sons, Abu'l-Husain Ahmad and Abu Tahir Firuzshah. During that period, Fuladh, along with a Gilaki officer named Ziyar ibn Shahrakawayh, dominated the Buyid court of Baghdad. After the death of Adud al-Dawla, the Buyid Empire was thrown into civil war—because the empire's leadership was disputed between his two sons Samsam al-Dawla and Sharaf al-Dawla. Samsam al-Dawla ruled Iraq, while Sharaf al-Dawla ruled Fars and Kerman.
In 986, a Daylamite officer named Asfar ibn Kurdawayh rebelled against Samsam al-Dawla, and changed his allegiance to Sharaf al-Dawla. However, Asfar quickly changed his mind, and declared allegiance to the latter's other brother Abu Nasr Firuz Kharshadh, who was shortly given the honorific epithet of "Baha' al-Dawla." However, Samsam al-Dawla, with the aid of Fuladh, suppressed the rebellion, and imprisoned Baha al-Dawla. Samsam al-Dawla shortly made peace with Sharaf al-Dawla, and agreed to release Baha al-Dawla. In 987, Sharaf al-Dawla betrayed Samsam al-Dawla, conquered Iraq, and had him imprisoned in a fortress. He then imprisoned Fuladh and had Ziyar executed.
Around 988/989, Fuladh was released. After his release, Fuladh then began serving Samsam al-Dawla once again, this time in Shiraz, where he once again became a prominent figure in his court. However, Fuladh later tried to remove the viceroy of Shiraz, which forced him to flee from the wrath of Samsam. Fuladh managed to reach the court of Fakhr al-Dawla in Ray, where he stayed until death about 994. He had a son named Ibn Fuladh, who later challenged Buyid's authority and claimed Qazvin as a part of his own domain.
# Michael Foley (cyclist)

Michael Foley (born January 12, 1999) is a Canadian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Toronto Hustle. He rode in the men's team pursuit event at the 2018 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. He qualified to represent Canada at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Major results
### Track
#### 2017

    2nd Team pursuit, National Championships
    2nd Team pursuit, Milton, 2017–18 UCI World Cup

#### 2018

    National Championships
       1st Team pursuit (with Derek Gee, Evan Burtnik & Adam Jamieson)
       1st Madison (with Derek Gee)
    3rd Team pursuit, Commonwealth Games
    3rd Team pursuit, Berlin, 2018–19 UCI World Cup

#### 2019

    Pan American Championships
       1st Points race
       1st Team pursuit (with Vincent De Haître, Jay Lamoureux & Derek Gee)
    National Championships
       1st Team pursuit (with Aidan Caves, Jay Lamoureux & Chris Ernst)
       1st Madison (with Derek Gee)

#### 2021

    2nd Team pursuit, Cali, UCI Nations Cup

#### 2022

    Pan American Championships
       1st Madison (with Dylan Bibic)
       1st Team pursuit (with Evan Burtnik, Chris Ernst & Sean Richardson)
       2nd Points race
    National Championships
       1st Individual pursuit
       2nd Team pursuit
       2nd Team sprint

#### 2023

    Pan American Championships
       1st Team pursuit (with Dylan Bibic, Mathias Guillemette & Sean Richardson)
       2nd Individual pursuit
    1st Individual pursuit, National Championships

### Road
#### 2017

    3rd Road race, National Junior Championships

#### 2022

    1st Criterium, National Championships
# Roy Megarry

Archibald Roy Megarry, OC (10 February 1937 – 18 November 2024) was a Canadian businessman. He was the publisher and CEO of The Globe and Mail from 1978 to 1992. He was interim publisher from November 1993 to May 1994.

## Life and career

Born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, he received a Certified Management Accountant degree. He was a Controller for Honeywell Canada from 1957 to 1962. He worked for Daystrom (Heathkit) Ltd. from 1962 to 1964, before becoming a Senior Consultant for Coopers & Lybrand from 1964 to 1968. In 1968, he became a Vice President Finance for International Syscoms Ltd. and from 1972 to 1978, was a Vice President, Corporate Development for Torstar. In 1978, he was appointed publisher and CEO of The Globe and Mail. He later became Chairman.
Later, he helped develop the CARE Canada "Tools for Development" program, which sends used industrial equipment to small-scale entrepreneurs in Latin America.
In 1993, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. Megarry died in Port Perry, Ontario on 18 November 2024, at the age of 87.
# George Coulouris (computer scientist)

George F. Coulouris (15 November 1937 – 18 November 2024) was a British computer scientist and the son of actor George Coulouris. He was an emeritus professor of Queen Mary, University of London and formerly visiting professor in residence at University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. He was co-author of a textbook on distributed systems. He was instrumental in the development of ICL's Content Addressable File Store (CAFS) and he developed em, the Unix editor, which inspired Bill Joy to write vi.

## Education

In 1960 George Coulouris graduated with an honours degree in Physics from University College London.

## Career

Coulouris worked at IBM and other companies before joining the London Institute of Computer Science as a Research Assistant and then Imperial College London as a lecturer in 1965.
In 1971 he joined Queen Mary College as a lecturer. He became a reader in 1973 and a professor in 1978. He retired from Queen Mary in 1998, but continued as a visiting professor at the University of Cambridge.

## Personal life and death

Coulouris's name is of Greek heritage, as he was the son of actor George Coulouris, whose father was a Greek immigrant to Britain married to an English woman. George Coulouris's sister was artist Mary Louise Coulouris.
George Coulouris died on 18 November 2024, at the age of 87.

## Publications

See list of 101 publications on Google Scholar
# Souhaila Andrawes

Souhaila Sami Andrawes Sayeh (Arabic: سهيلة أندراوس born 28 March 1953 in Beirut) is a former militant and Lebanese member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).

## Lufthansa Flight 181 hijacking

In 1977, she participated in the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181 and the murder of pilot Jürgen Schumann. Andrawes was the only one of the four hijackers to survive the GSG 9 storming of the plane in Mogadishu. During the rescue operation, she was shot in the legs and lungs.
Andrawes was sentenced to twenty years imprisonment in Somalia, but was released a year later due to health-related issues, after which she moved to Beirut. In 1991, she moved to Oslo with her husband, Palestinian academic and human rights activist Ahmad Abu Matar, and her daughter until she was tracked down by Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) in 1994 and handed over to Germany in 1995. The arrest was followed by a strong debate on how to deal with foreign terrorists. She was sentenced to 12 years on terrorism charges and was released after three years due to poor health. She was the first woman to be sentenced twice for such a crime. Andrawes has since resided in Oslo, Norway with her husband and their daughter.
# Charme

Charme may refer to:
* Charme, Wisconsin, United States
* Charmé, Charente, France
* La Charme, Jura, France
* Le Charme, Loiret, France
* Charme (typeface), a foundry type made by Ludwig & Mayer
* Charme (dance), a street dance style that originated in Brazil
# Antonieta Gaxiola

María Antonieta Gaxiola González (born 20 May 1997) is a Mexican racing cyclist. In September 2020, she won the Mexican National Road Race Championships.
# Cabinet of Edmund Joensen II

The second cabinet of Edmund Joensen was the government of the Faroe Islands from 11 June 1996 until 15 May 1998, with Edmund Joensen from Sambandsflokkurin (SB) as Prime Minister. The other parties of the coalition were: People's Party (Fólkaflokkurin) (FF), Workers' Union (Verkamannafylkingin) (VMF) og Self-Government Party (Sjálvstýrisflokkurin) (SF). The Self-Government Party, with Sámal Petur í Grund as minister, left the government on 1 December 1997.
| | Minister | Party | From | Until |
| Prime Minister | Edmund Joensen | Union Party | 11 June 1996 | 15 May 1998 |
| Ministry | Minister | Party | From | Until |
| Ministry of Environment-, Energy, School and Municipalities | Eilif Samuelsen | Union Party | 11 June 1996 | 15 May 1998 |
| Ministry of Trade, Industry and Agriculture | Ivan Johannesen | Union Party | 11 June 1996 | 15 May 1998 |
| Ministry of Finance and Economy | Anfinn Kallsberg | People's Party | 11 June 1996 | 15 May 1998 |
| Ministry of Fisheries | John Petersen | People's Party | 11 June 1996 | 15 May 1998 |
| Ministry of Social, Health, Labour, Safety and Justice | Óli Jacobsen | Workers' Union | March 1998 | 15 May 1998 |
| | Kristian Magnussen | Workers' Union | October 1996 | March 1998 |
| | Axel H. Nolsøe | Workers' Union | 11 June 1996 | October 1996 |
| Ministry of Communication, Culture, Tourism and Aquaculture | Sámal Petur í Grund | Self-Government Party | 11 June 1996 | 1 December 1997 |
# Maserati Tipo V4

The Maserati Tipo V4 was a grand tourer-style torpedo car, designed, developed, and built by Italian manufacturer Maserati, between 1929 and 1932. It was also notably the first production car to be powered by a V16 engine.
Working on a shoestring budget, as always, the Maserati brothers found a solution that would allow them to use as much of the existing design as possible by simply stacking two straight-eight engines on a common crankcase at a 22.5° angle. Of course, in reality, it was not quite as simple as it looked on paper but this was the avenue pursued by Maserati. The new engine/car was dubbed the Tipo V4 in reference to the V16 engine and four-litre displacement.
In order for the two engines to be fitted side-by-side with a central intake the head on the right side bank was reversed. This row of cylinders also ran in the opposite direction to allow for the two separate crankshafts to be connected through a single gear on the output shaft that was connected to the gearbox. Gears at the front of the V16 engine were used to drive the twin overhead camshafts.
Each bank of cylinders featured its own Roots-type supercharger mounted in front of the engine. In order for the engine to run properly, Edoardo Weber himself spent two weeks devising two meticulously tuned updraft carburettors for the V16. Once completely sorted, the new Maserati engine produced 280 bhp, which was almost twice as much as the most potent Tipo 26 straight eight. The gearbox featured four forward gears only.
The new V16 was mounted in a slightly widened steel ladder frame. Suspension was by a rigid axle at the front and a live rear axle, while semi-elliptic leaf springs and friction dampers were used on all four corners. The large drum brakes fitted were operated by cables. Built for Grand Prix racing, the car was clothed in a straightforward aluminium competition body. It was easily distinguishable by the dual exhausts and the offset crank handle.
# Thomasine

Thomasine may refer to:
* Thomasine (given name), an English feminine given name
* Thomasine Church, a community of Christians from Kerala, India
* Thomasines, early Christian Gnostic or a mysticist sect
* Thomasine Rite, used in churches descended from the Church of the East
# Lady Burton

Lady Burton may refer to:

## Peerages

* Baroness Burton
* Baroness Burton of Coventry

## People

* Isabel, Lady Burton (1831–1896), English explorer and writer
* Nellie Lisa Melles, 2nd Baroness Burton (1873–1962), British hereditary peeress
* Elaine Burton, Baroness Burton of Coventry (1904 –1991), British politician and life peeress
* Harriett Georgina Thornewill Bass, Lady Burton, wife of Michael Bass, 1st Baron Burton
* Elizabeth Ursula Foster Wise Baillie, Lady Burton (died 1993), first wife of Michael Baillie, 3rd Baron Burton
* Coralie Denise Cliffen Baillie, Lady Birton (died 2022), second wife of the 3rd Baron Burton
* June Gordon Baillie, Lady Burton, wife of Evan Michael Ronald Baillie, 4th Baron Burton
* Lady Noreen Hastings (1880–1949), wife of Sir William Bass, 2nd Baronet

## Animals

* Lady Burton's rope squirrel
# Ibn Baqiyya

Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Baqiyya, also known as Nasir-al-Dawla, Naseh, best known as Ibn Baqiyya, was a statesman of the Buyid dynasty, who served as the vizier of Izz al-Dawla from 973 to 977.

## Biography

A native of Awana, a place near Baghdad, Ibn Baqiyya belonged to a low-class family. Because of this, he would later get suspected by his opponents in helping low-class statesman to prominent posts. He first appears during conquest of Abbasid Iraq by Buyid ruler Mu'izz al-Dawla. He soon rapidly rose to higher posts, and by 973 managed to become the vizier of Mu'izz al-Dawla's son and successor, Izz al-Dawla (r. 967–978). However, hostiles slowly arose between Izz al-Dawla and his cousin Adud al-Dawla, who ruled in Fars and Kerman. Ibn Baqiyya, who knew of the strong power which Adud al-Dawla possessed, sought to gain his favor.
In 975, Adud al-Dawla invaded Iraq; meanwhile Izz al-Dawla suspected Ibn Baqiyya of treachery, and after his defeat at Ahvaz in 977 by Adud al-Dawla, removed Ibn Baqiyya from the vizierate and had him blinded. After a bloody struggle, Adud al-Dawla managed in the end to defeat Izz al-Dawla and have him executed. Ibn Baqiyya was spared, but because an insult he had made to Adud al-Dawla he was later arrested by a force sent by Adud al-Dawla under Bahram ibn Ardashir al-Majusi and other statesmen; Ibn Baqiyya was shortly trampled to death, and would first be buried after the death of Adud al-Dawla in 983.

## Sources

* Bosworth, C. Edmund (2010). "EBN BAQIYA". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
* Donohue, John J. (2003). The Buwayhid Dynasty in Iraq 334 H./945 to 403 H./1012: Shaping Institutions for the Future. Leiden and Boston: Brill. ISBN 90-04-12860-3.
* Kennedy, Hugh (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-40525-7.
* Kraemer, Joel L. (1992). Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam: The Cultural Revival During the Buyid Age. BRILL. ISBN 9789004097360.
| Preceded byAbu'l-Fadl Shirazi | Vizier of the Buyid amirate of Iraq 973–977 | Succeeded byUnknown |