# Fiona Ma

Fiona Ma (born March 4, 1966) is an American politician and accountant. She has been serving as the California state treasurer since January 7, 2019. She previously was a member of the California Board of Equalization (2015–2019), the California State Assembly (2006–2012), and the San Francisco Board of Supervisors (2002–2006).
A member of the Democratic Party, Ma was the first Asian American woman to serve as California Assembly Speaker Pro Tempore, the second highest-ranking office in the California Assembly. Ma is also only the second Certified Public Accountant (CPA) to be elected to the Board of Equalization. She was selected as Chairperson of the California Board of Equalization in 2016, and ordered three external audits of the agency.
In March 2019, Ma announced she would run for the 2026 California gubernatorial election. In March 2023, she announced that she would be running for the 2026 California lieutenant gubernatorial election instead.

## Early life and education

Ma is the oldest of three children born to William and Sophia Ma, both Chinese immigrants. Her grandfather, Lieutenant General Ma Zhen [zh], was the first mayor of Kunming, Yunnan and is of Bai ethnicity.
Born and raised in New York, she attended Baker Elementary School before graduating from Great Neck North Middle and High Schools. Her father, William Ma, was a mechanical engineer who later specialized in construction claims and litigation before he retired. Her mother, Sophia (née Doo), was a high school art teacher for 20 years before moving the family to San Francisco to be closer to her parents. Rev William Doo was posted as a minister at the San Francisco Swatow Christian Church in San Francisco's Sunset District.
Ma earned a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting from Rochester Institute of Technology, a Master of Science in taxation from Golden Gate University, and a Master of Business Administration from Pepperdine University. She is a CPA.

## Career

Ma is an active member of the California Society of Certified Public Accountants (CalCPA), Governmental Accounting Standards Advisory Council (GASAC). Additionally, she is a member of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG-AFTRA) and had a small role in the short film My Name Is Moe.
Ma was appointed to the Assessment Appeals Board of San Francisco by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 1995. That same year, she was a part-time district representative for then-State Senator John Burton. She served as Burton's district representative until her election to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 2002. She was responsible for helping constituents with Medi-Cal, Workers' Compensation, Unemployment Insurance, Franchise and Employment Development Department taxes, and professional licensing.

### San Francisco Board of Supervisors

Ma was later elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from 2002 to 2006 representing District 4, the Sunset District, Outer Sunset, Parkside, Outer Parkside, and Pine Lake Park. While serving on that board, her legislative focus was a campaign to shut down massage parlors claimed to traffic persons into the country and use them for prostitution. As a Supervisor, she also started her advocacy regarding banning some chemicals from children's toys - passing an ordinance to "prohibit the manufacture, sale, or distribution in commerce of any toy or child-care article…if it contains bisphenol-A or other specified chemicals."

### California Assembly

Ma was elected to represent California's 12th Assembly District (including San Francisco, Daly City, Colma and Broadmoor) from November 2006 to November 2012, serving the maximum of three terms.
Ma won the Democratic nomination in that district against fellow Democrat Janet Reilly in the state primary election of June 6, 2006. The campaign was one of the more expensive legislative primary races in the state.
On November 7, 2006, Ma received 70 percent of the vote (as expected for Democratic candidates to partisan offices).
Ma was appointed Assembly majority whip by the speaker of the assembly, Fabian Núñez, a position which she held for 4 years. In 2010, Speaker of the Assembly John Pérez appointed Ma to the position of Speaker pro Tempore, a position which she held for her final 2 years as the California Assembly.
As an assemblywoman, Ma continued her work around safety in children's toys, writing legislation banning chemicals in products for babies and small children. The bill became law in October 2007 and took effect in January 2009. Ma's legislation was later incorporated into Senator Dianne Feinstein's federal Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 enacted on August 15, 2008.

#### Committee membership
### California Board of Equalization

On November 4, 2014, Ma won election to district 2 of the California State Board of Equalization. She received 1,448,657 votes, or 68.5% of the vote. District 2 covers nearly 10 million people along California's coastline from Oregon to Santa Barbara. On, February 24, 2016, the Board selected Ma as its chair. As chair, Ma also sits on the California Franchise Tax Board.

### California state treasurer

On May 17, 2016, Ma announced she was opening her campaign to run for California treasurer in the 2018 election. On June 5, 2018, she finished first in the nonpartisan open primary, and then defeated Republican Greg Conlon in the November 6 election. On January 7, 2019, she was sworn in as the first woman of color and the second CPA to ever serve as California State Treasurer.

#### Head banker and strengthening state finances

In her first year in office, Wall Street's Fitch Ratings and Moody's upgraded California's general obligation bonds, citing improved fiscal management, and stating California's budget reserves had "never been stronger". Ma stated her goal to help create "lower borrowing costs, a favorable interest rate environment, improved ratings, and a continued commitment to building reserves". In the first quarter of 2019, Ma sold more bonds than any other state treasurer in America, including a different bond issuance almost every week during March and April. From July to December 2019, her office sold an additional $7.65 billion of bonds. In November 2019, the nonpartisan California Legislative Analyst's Office reported on the Treasurer's cost-cutting impact stating: "the State Treasurer has been able to refinance much of the state's bond debt. Consequently, much of the state's outstanding debt now carries a lower interest rate resulting in lower annual costs." Overall in 2019, Ma's office oversaw $85 billion in bonds and $85 billion to $100 billion (an all-time high) in short term investments. "I believe in checks and balances, accountability and also being proactive," Ma told Bloomberg news. Ma's priorities for California's bond program include:
* Refinancing bonds at a lower interest rate
* Allocating bonds to affordable and low cost housing
* Environmentally focussed bonds
* Broadening efforts to include women, minority and veteran-owned broker-dealer firms to manage bond issuances
* helping local city governments to manage their finances soundly
* statewide infrastructure projects and voter approved bonds such as clean water and high-speed rail.

#### Green financing and environmental policy

Ma chaired the inaugural meeting of the California Green Bond Market Development Committee on June 5, 2019 to "establish California as the world's green bond leader" by developing standards for what qualifies as green bonds, and incorporating green bonds into the financing of state infrastructure projects. Ma launched the Small Business Energy Efficiency Financing and the Affordable Multifamily Energy Efficiency Financing programs in October 2019 to help small business, nonprofits and affordable housing owners to reduce the cost of financing energy efficiency improvements. She also co-sponsored the California Recycling Market Development Act to promote California's recycling programs, AB 1583 authored by Assemblymember Susan Eggman and signed in to law by Governor Newsom. Ma also chairs the California Alternative Energy and Advanced Transportation Financing Authority (CAEATFA), which assists the state in meeting its greenhouse gas goals and works with the private market. CAEATFA operates the CA Hub for Energy Efficiency Financing Program, which has provided more than $825 million in sales tax exclusions for over 200 green projects that support solar manufacturing, geothermal, renewable fuels, and biogas production. Ma also chairs the California Pollution Control Financing Authority (CPCFA), providing $16.2 billion in low-cost financing. CPCFA was the first statewide financing authority to sign the Green Bond Pledge, vowing to meet climate bond principles in all of its projects. In December 2020, Ma's office enrolled the 1,000th loan of the Residential Energy Efficiency Loan Program, to a Yuba County homeowner to install a highly efficient HVAC and smart thermostat.

#### Affordable housing

Ma's office oversees private activity bonds and state housing tax credits that are used to build and maintain low-income housing and keep rents in these units affordable for 55 years. In 2019, her office sold over $180 million of bonds for the California Department of Veterans Affairs (CalVet) program to provide affordable loans to veterans.
Ma also sold $500 million (in 2019) and $450 million (in 2020) in revenue bonds for California's No Place Like Home (NPLH) program, an effort to develop permanent supportive housing for homeless and mentally ill people. This "social bond," to fund projects that produce positive social outcomes, won the Bond Buyer Magazine's Deal of the Year award in 2020. In September 2020, Ma released policy reports on affordable housing for community college students, working with the Southern California Association of Non-Profit Housing. With the California School Finance Authority (CSFA), Ma's office issued $87 million in bonds to build 352 beds for Santa Rosa Junior College. In October 2020, the CTCAC chaired by Ma approved $91 million in tax credits for 2,846 units of low-income housing in counties heavily damaged by the Camp, Tubbs, Thomas, and Mendocino Complex wildfires in 2017 and 2018.

#### Protecting families, consumers and small business

In June 2019, Ma announced the launch of the CalSavers Retirement Savings Program, which offers an IRA retirement savings option to employees who don't currently have one through their employer.
In 2019, the "Scholar Dollars" program as part of ScholarShare 529 awarded more than $300,000 to 20 K-8 California public schools to fund technology, music, art, theater, computer science, sports, and other programs. In 2020, Ma sponsored a law to protect ScholarShare 529 accounts from being seized by debt collectors.
As part of Governor Gavin Newsom's Master Plan for Aging, Ma co-sponsored three bills addressing the needs of older adults, people with disabilities and family caregivers: AB 1287 (Nazarian), AB 1382 (Aguiar-Curry), and SB 611(Cabellero). In 2019, the Treasurer Office's CalABLE program was expanded to allow anyone with a disability diagnosed before the age of 26 to open up an account and save up to $15,000 a year.
In 2020, as part of the California Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank (iBank), Ma began administering the California Rebuilding Fund, a new public-private partnership to support California's small businesses. The fund is part of the California Governor's Office of Economic Development.

#### High-speed rail

In her first year as treasurer, Ma appointed Dr Beverly Scott, adjunct professor at the Mineta Transportation Institute of San Jose State University, and Frederick Jordan, president of Bay Area construction company F.E. Jordan Associates Inc, to the California High-Speed Rail Peer Review Group. Ma also provided support to the SoCal-to-Las Vegas Brightline West high-speed rail project connecting Southern California and Las Vegas, Nevada when she announced approval of a $300 million bond issuance for the project.

#### Cannabis banking

In 2019, Ma sponsored SB 51, by Senator Majority Leader Bob Hertzberg, to allow private banks and credit unions to apply for state licensing which would allow licensed cannabis-related businesses to open accounts and deposit income.

#### Collecting sales tax revenue from Amazon

On April 25, 2019, Governor Gavin Newsom signed legislation that Ma had pushed to require out-of-state and online retailers like eBay, Etsy, and Amazon (company) to collect sales taxes in line with the practices of local California businesses, eliminating an unfair advantage that Amazon and other out-of-state and online businesses had claimed.

#### COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic beginning March 2020, all Ma's operations were considered essential services and kept fully-open and operational. Ma's office and agencies she chaired took the following actions:
* assembled resources for taxpayer relief, food sources for needy families, and financial resources for small business.
* Extended deadlines for business for the CalSavers retirement program and supported Governor Newsom and the State Franchise Tax Board in extending deadlines for California tax returns.
* Launched $5 million emergency loan program for hospitals and health facilities in small, rural and district communities.
* Increased bond money available to build additional 4,054 units of affordable housing including the first housing to target LGBT elders in the Davis region.
* Pushed forward on $600 million in bonds for the Southern California to Las Vegas high speed rail project including 1,250 workforce housing units, 30,000 construction jobs and 1,000 permanent jobs.
In May 2020, Ma began operating the COVID-19 Emergency HELP Loan Program to provide financial assistance to health facilities impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
By May 2020, California had spent $2.2 billion on safety gear to prevent coronavirus infection. No-bid contracts were used because of the emergency and unprecedented need for personal protective equipment. The state's standard purchasing processes were disrupted and Ma's office, which normally just carries out final stages of financial transactions, took on an oversight role.

#### 2023 Writers Guild of America strike

On August 30, 2023, Ma sent letters to Netflix, The Walt Disney Company, Comcast, Warner Bros. Discovery Channel, Apple Inc., Paramount Global and Amazon, telling them to return to negotiations and settle the strikes.

### Accusations of impropriety

In summer of 2021, a former staffer filed a civil rights complaint against Ma, alleging sexual harassment and wrongful termination for declining the harassing behavior. In court filings, Judith Blackwell complained that Ma created a hostile work environment by making overt and unwanted advances while the two shared a hotel room on work trips. Such behavior included exposing her bare rear end to Blackwell on multiple occasions. Ma also gave Blackwell many gifts, such as jewelry, a prime parking spot and marijuana edibles, up until the time she was fired according to Politico. Ma is also accused of accepting inappropriate gifts.
Ma had also shared hotel rooms 13 times with her chief of staff over a two-year period. And while the practice of sharing rooms with subordinates does not violate departmental policy, the situation was criticized. Ma has denied any wrongdoing in her defense against Blackwell and said the sharing of hotel rooms was a cost-saving measure.

## Personal life

She is married to Jason Hodge, a Ventura County firefighter of Native American descent and an Oxnard Port Commissioner with the Port of Hueneme in Ventura County.

## Electoral history

| Year | Office | Party | Party | Primary | Primary | Primary | General | General | General | General | Result | Swing | Swing | Ref. |
| Year | Office | Party | Party | Total | % | P. | Total | % | ±% | P. | Result | Swing | Swing | Ref. |
| 2002 | San Francisco Supervisor | | Nonpartisan | 4,259 | 23.56% | 1st | 8,289 | 56.19% | N/A | 1st | Won | | N/A | |
| 2006 | State Assemblymember | | Democratic | 31,526 | 60.08% | 1st | 73,922 | 71.00% | –6.58% | 1st | Won | | Hold | |
| 2008 | State Assemblymember | | Democratic | 41,329 | 100.0% | 1st | 131,231 | 83.26% | +12.26% | 1st | Won | | Hold | |
| 2010 | State Assemblymember | | Democratic | 37,606 | 100.0% | 1st | 90,388 | 80.76% | -2.50% | 1st | Won | | Hold | |
| 2014 | State Board of Equalization | | Democratic | 876,378 | 68.86% | 1st | 1,448,657 | 68.67% | +25.83% | 1st | Won | | Flip | |
| 2018 | State Treasurer | | Democratic | 2,900,606 | 44.54% | 1st | 7,825,587 | 64.13% | +5.32% | 1st | Won | | Hold | |
| 2022 | State Treasurer | | Democratic | 3,903,967 | 57.44% | 1st | 6,287,071 | 58.80% | -5.33% | 1st | Won | | Hold | |

## Political positions
### Business taxes

A priority for Ma while on the Board of Equalization was to get everyone to pay "their fair share of taxes", particularly "the $8 billion in unpaid taxes in the underground economy." This included efforts to get Amazon to collect sales tax on transactions from third-party sellers as a way of helping local brick-and-mortar retailers to compete – estimated at between $431 million and $1.8 billion in new revenue for California every year. In her first year, Ma also advocated for e-cigarettes to be taxed like tobacco products, as a way to deter vaping and smoking, and to pay for health-costs caused by tobacco use. Two years later in 2017, voters passed Prop. 56 with a nearly 2/3 majority, collecting $1.7 billion in new tobacco taxes which was spent on anti-smoking programs and funding Medi-Cal payments for the poor. Ma also identified the cannabis industry as "the largest shadow economy in California" with "hundreds of millions of dollars that disappear into an underground cannabis economy".

### Tax relief for citizens and small business

After 2015's Valley Fire, Ma proposed a new law (enacted the following year) that granted some tax relief to businesses that suffer losses from a natural disaster like the Valley Fire. Ma has also actively supported California's Earned Income Tax Credit to give cash back to low-income individuals, and promoted expansion of the program to minimum wage earners and independent contractors.

### Clean government reforms

Within months of joining the Board of Equalization, Ma became "very, very frustrated" with the agency's fiscal conditions and mishandling of state tax accounts. She initiated three external audits of the agency. The audits exposed a culture of mismanagement, nepotism and political use of state resources. Ma co-sponsored legislation to toughen campaign reporting requirements for BOE members. She then led the effort to ask the Governor to appoint a public trustee to take over the agency, and called on CA Attorney General Xavier Becerra to assign independent legal counsel for the agency. Ma laid out a list of reforms which was incorporated into the "Taxpayer Transparency and Fairness Act of 2017", the biggest restructuring of the Board of Equalization in its 138-year history. The law was signed by Governor Jerry Brown in June 2017 and supported by Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, Senate President Kevin de León, and former BOE member Controller Betty Yee.

### Women and diversity

In 2016, she received Emerge California's Woman of the Year Award and was a speaker at the Ascend Conference, the largest non-profit Pan-Asian business conference in America. Among her many other activities, Ma also celebrated Women's Equality Day at the Kelley House in Mendocino and spoke to students at the Future Chinese Leaders of America in Los Angeles.

### Requiring consent to plastinate a corpse

On February 23, 2007, Ma introduced a bill requiring commercial exhibitors of plastinated corpses to obtain a county permit, which would be dependent on proof of consent from the decedent or next of kin. It passed the Senate on August 15, 2008 and was vetoed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on September 26, citing a budget delay.

### Banning toxic chemicals

Ma has passed legislation banning some chemicals in plastics and children's toys. As a Supervisor in San Francisco, she authored and passed an ordinance to "prohibit the manufacture, sale, or distribution in commerce of any toy or child-care article…if it contains bisphenol-A or other specified chemicals." As a California State Legislator she passed a similar bill. This language was later used by Senator Dianne Feinstein in the federal Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, signed into law in 2008.