# Poser (software)

Poser (and Poser Pro) is a figure posing and rendering 3D computer graphics program distributed by Bondware. Poser is optimized for the 3D modeling of human figures. It enables beginners to produce basic animations and digital images, along with the extensive availability of third-party digital 3D models.

## Overview

Poser is a single-threaded 3D rendering software package for the posing, animating, and rendering of 3D poly-mesh human and animal figures. it is published by Bondware and supported by Renderosity, a graphic 3D art content store. Poser allows the user to load figures, props, lighting, and cameras for both still and animated renderings.
Using a subset of the Alias object (OBJ) file format and a text-based markup for content files, Poser comes with a library of pre-rigged human, animal, robotic, and cartoon figures. The package also includes poses, hairpieces, props, textures, hand gestures, and facial expressions. As Poser itself does not allow for original modeling of objects, a large community market of artists has emerged, in which Poser content is created and sold through various third party channels.
Poser is available in multiple languages including English, Japanese, German, and French. Poser is available for both Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating systems. While Poser's interface has evolved since the product's introduction in 1995, the current Poser Pro 13 preserves many of the application's original interface elements in order to not alienate the legacy users from the newer versions.

## Features

Renderosity offers a selection of ready-to-use content to add to Poser's included runtime library of base content, including body and hand poses, materials, props, facial expressions, hairpieces, lights, cameras, and a Reyes-based render engine called Firefly, which supports nodes for the creation of complex materials. Furthermore, it provides import of sound, image, and video files, motion capture data and 3D content for the creation of scenes or the addition of new library items. Poser exports content in many 3D formats. Poser is capable of material editing, facial photo matching, dynamic hair, dynamic cloth and new figure rigging. Online content is also available. Python enables third-party developers to create additional features ranging from custom libraries, rendering engine control panels, metadata editors and utility scripts.

## Usage

Poser is used to create original images ranging from human figures, human renderings of medical and industrial design illustrations, editorial illustrations, informational graphics, graphic novel illustrations, comics, and more.
Poser contains many animation capabilities and is regularly employed by broadcast professionals including animation staff at Fox Bones, Colbert Report and Jimmy Kimmel Live!, as well as in industry applications, such as in the animated instructions for automated checkout machines at Albertsons, Save-On stores and Wal-Mart, films including Star Trek fan-film, Star Trek: Aurora,The Misty Green Sky, and The Exigency. Poser characters and animations were used for early computer games from 'buddies' game creators ("Desert Rifle" games and "Cake shop" from Qi and ELEFUN(TM) game developers). The software was also used in the eighth, ninth, and tenth seasons of Red vs. Blue, as well as the first three seasons of RWBY.
Standard Poser characters have been extensively used by European and US-based documentary production teams to graphically render the human body or virtual actors in digital scenes. Humanoids printed in several science and technology magazines around the US are often Poser-rendered and post-worked models.
A film animated entirely on Poser, titled The Exigency, took thirteen years to produce and was released on December 14, 2019.

## Library

Poser is packaged with ready-to-use 3D content that allows new users to get started without needing to purchase additional content. Items are stored in Poser's drag-and-drop-enabled Library and are organized by type and name, e.g. People/Ryan2. Users can save customized figures or objects into the Library in order to reuse those items at a later point in time. The Library also supports adding in additional "Runtimes" which are collections of content that legacy users have assembled from third party providers.
The Library includes a configurable, keyword-based Search function that locates content in the Library or connected Runtimes. Content can also be added to the Library's Favorites for quick access.
The Library is set up with categories that each include collections of similar content items:

### Character

    Pre-rigged figures including anatomically accurate humans, mannikins, animals, insects, dinosaurs, cartoon characters, human anatomies such as skeletons, and musculature and mechanical figures such as vehicles.

### Pose

    Animated and static poses for human and animals covering day-to-day activities, dancing, walking, standing, and sitting, as well as action and sport poses.

### Face

    Includes full and partial facial expressions.

### Hair

    Includes prop-based transparency-mapped hairpieces, dynamic hairpieces, and hair props such as mustaches or sideburns.

### Hand

    Hand poses of various types such as action poses and gestures, signals, counting, and American Sign Language.

### Props

    Includes primitives such as spheres and cylinders, clothing items grouped by character, scene props, furniture, rooms, vehicles, plants, and cartoon elements.

### Lights

    Includes animated or static pre-set lights consisting of spotlights, infinite lights, point lights, diffuse IBL lights.

### Cameras

    Includes animated or static cameras.

### Materials

    Includes simple and complex node-based materials.

### Scenes

    Full Poser scenes including a Factory, Crime Scene Lab, and a modern Apartment.

## History

Poser was created by artist and programmer Larry Weinberg as a digital replacement for artist's mannequins. Versions 1.0 and 2.0 were published by Fractal Design. In 1997, Fractal Design was acquired by MetaCreations, and Poser's interface was redesigned by MetaCreations' Phil Clevenger for release as Poser 3 in 1998. This interface has remained as the basis for all subsequent versions. In 1999, MetaCreations sold Poser to egi.sys AG, which established the subsidiary Curious Labs, with Larry Weinberg as CEO to handle Poser development and publication. Curious Labs and Poser were sold to e-frontier, in 2003. In November 2007, Smith Micro Software acquired Poser as well as Anime Studio (now called Moho). Smith Micro Software also acquired the English language distribution rights to Manga Studio (now called Clip Studio Paint), from e-Frontier. The latest "stable" versions of Poser were released in September 2019, as Poser 12 is currently in open beta. Poser 11 introduced many new features, including better rigging capabilities.
Early versions of Poser were bundled with fully clothed humanoid figures specifically designed for Poser. As the program evolved, add-on packages of human figures were sold by the manufacturer of Poser, and eventually, third-party companies began creating figures which work with Poser. As clothing became separate from the humanoid figure, collections of 3D garments were created for specific models which conform to the shape and pose of the Poser figure. 'Poses' for figures were packaged and sold by the software vendor and by third parties. 'Morphs', allowing customization of body or face shape or other features, were also sold. Different skin textures, frequently combined with settings for morph technology, are marketed to allow one base model to be customized into many different 'characters'. Similarly 'texture' packages allow one garment to take on many different appearances, an animal to represent different breeds of the same species or a vehicle to show many different color schemes.
On July 2, 2009, Smith Micro Software announced the creation of a new platform for distribution of assets for use in Poser called Content Paradise.
On November 9, 2018, Smith Micro Software announced the closure of Content Paradise on December 3, 2018, the content moved to Renderosity.
On June 20, 2019, Smith Micro Software announced they sold the product line of its Poser software to Bondware, Inc., owner of the popular online marketplace, Renderosity.com, and longtime Smith Micro resale partner.
| Version | Release date | Publisher | Improvements / Notes |
| 1.0 | 1995 | Fractal Design Corporation | First release |
| 2.0 | 1996 | Fractal Design | Ability to add props Animation High resolution models |
| 3.0 | 1998 | MetaCreations | New user interface Facial posing and animation Human figures with jointed fingers. |
| 4.0 | 1999 | MetaCreations | Natural-media sketch renderer Figure sculpting via deformers Transparent mode for materials Conforming Clothes Transparency (which lead up to TransHair that increased the quality of hair sold today) |
| 4.0.3 | September 1999 | Curious Labs | Markup path names made to use relative paths Currently sold as entry level Poser Artist |
| Pro Pack | February 2000 | Curious Labs | Add on pack for Poser 4 Implementation of Python scripting, Custom figure rigging Ability to host Poser scenes in 3ds max, LightWave 3D, and Cinema 4D. No longer available |
| 5.0 | 2003 | Curious Labs | FireFly Reyes/ray tracing renderer Dynamic hair and cloth Collision detection Morph Putty Tool (Interactively work with morphs) |
| 6.0 | March 2005 | Curious Labs; e-frontier | OpenGL Hardware acceleration Image-based lighting, Ambient Occlusion Cartoon outline rendering effects Inclusion of "Primitives" Zygote Props Binary Morphs (allows you to load the morphs for characters in a separate file linked to Cr2 resulting in faster load time in Poser) Inclusion of male and female genitalia |
| 7.0 | December 2006 | e-frontier | Simon and Sydney (new AdultG2 male and female figures) Wildlife including eagle and wolf Updates to Ben and Kate the Poser Child figures with new morphs, textures and rigging New motion capture data, light sets, poses, and materials Talk Designer for lip-sync animation Multiple Undo/Redo Multithreaded rendering High-dynamic-range imaging Brush morphing Animation Layers Universal Poses for bipedal figures, with automatic conversion of Poser 1-6 poses Streamlined access to Runtime libraries Universal Binary |
| Poser Pro | May 2008 | Smith Micro Software | Poser Pro was released adding COLLADA support and plugin support for Cinema C4d and Maya. |
| Poser 8 | August 4, 2009 | Smith Micro Software | 8 new characters New User Interface New Content Management System Cross body morph tool Global illumination Improved OpenGL performance Tone Mapping and exposure control Normal Mapping Wardrobe Wizard Performance optimizations wxPython support |
| Poser Pro 2010 | March 10, 2010 | Smith Micro Software | Enhanced User Interface 8 new human figures with advanced rigging Full set of legacy figures Over 2.5 GB included content Keyword and online content search Parameter change indicator Joint strength indicator Recent render palette StuffIt Connect image export Facebook image export Professional Art and Animation Tools Full body part morph import Auto-conform drag and drop Conform with scaling Updated PoserFusion Hosting plug-ins Dynamic cloth and strand based hair Improved OpenGL real-time scene preview Face Room WalkDesigner and TalkDesigner Dependent Parameters Tool Improved joint rigging system Cross Body Part Morph Tool Wardrobe Wizard Tool wxPython support Refined Lighting and Rendering Tools HDRI Export Gamma correction for linear rendering Normal mapping PSD layer rendering Network rendering 64 bit render engine Indirect Lighting for Global Illumination Physically correct light falloff Tone mapping and exposure |
| Poser Debut | February 13, 2011 | Smith Micro Software | 80 fully rigged, fully posable, 3D characters Includes 2 GB of content In-app Project Guide teaches how to use Poser with video Drag and drop content from Library Poser FireFly rendering engine. Poser 8 rigging system OpenGL real-time scene preview Supports spotlight lights, point lights and infinite lights |
| Poser 9 | September 21, 2011 | Smith Micro Software | Subsurface Scattering Vertex Weight Map Rigging In-app Project Guide Expanded Context Menus Multi-select Drag and Drop from Library Grouping Objects IDL and AO Rendering Support OpenGL Scene Preview with Real-time Normal maps and Soft Shadows Constraint Channels and Constraint Objects Light Casting Objects Tablet Support for Morph Tool Rotate Object/Frame Object Camera Controls Pre-render Texture Caching Python 2.7 Support Mac OS 10.7 Lion Support |
| Poser Pro 2012 | September 21, 2011 | Smith Micro Software | Includes all new features in Poser 9 Vertex Weight Map Creation Tools Weight Map Auto-Transfer Weight Map Creation Weight Map Painting with Tablet Support Poser Fusion Plug-ins Lightwave CINEMA 4D Autodesk Maya Autodesk 3ds Max COLLADA import/export Import Full Body Morph |
| Poser 10 | May 21, 2013 | Smith Micro Software | Includes all new features in Poser 9 Magnet and deformer weight map painting tools Pixar subdivision surfaces Bullet physics for rigid and soft body and hair dynamics Cartoon preview Magnet and deformer weight maps Material compound nodes Ray tracing preview pane New human figures |
| Poser Pro 2014 | May 21, 2013 | Smith Micro Software | Includes all new features in Poser 10 and Poser Pro 2012 Fitting room Copy morphs from figure to figure Display hidden channels Change calculation order of channels |
| Poser Pro Game Dev | August 5, 2014 | Smith Micro Software | Includes all features of Poser Pro 2014 Polygon Reduction tools FBX Import/Export Unseen Polygon Removal Kinect for Windows® support Updated content distribution licensing to allow for use in and distribution via games. |
| Poser 11 | November 17, 2015 | Smith Micro Software | Includes all new features in Poser 10 SuperFly Render engine based on Cycles Pixar Subdivision Surfaces Version 3 Multi-resolution Morphs for Subdivided Meshes Customizable Shortcut Keys Scalable User Interface User Adaptable Rigging Smooth Linear Transformation Body Control Props Cartoon Mode Control Panel |
| Poser Pro 11 | November 17, 2015 | Smith Micro Software | Includes all new features in Poser 11, Poser Pro 2014 and Poser Pro Game Dev Custom Pose and Rig Symmetry Custom Partial Scene Export Export Morph Injection Files Create User Adaptable Rigs |
| Poser Update 11.1 | December 17, 2017 | Smith Micro Software | 3D path-based animation to simplify control of objects in a scene User-customizable keyframe categories Feature enhancements and bug fixes |
| Poser Update 11.2 | Sep 19, 2019 | Bondware Inc. |
| Poser 12 | January 29, 2021 | Bondware Inc. | Includes all previous Pro-only features, unifying into a single version Upgrade Superfly render engine to utilize hardware ray-tracing Post Render Effects to speed or embellish renders for single frame or animation renders Integrated Download Manager for Included Content Improved Download Manager for Purchased Content FBX import/export improvements as this becomes the primary method of exchanging content with other programs/tools Material Room overhaul with material assignment power tools Unimesh support features sprinkled throughout the code base Refactored Poser Reference Manual using RoboHelp to simplify localization and render to multiple formats (HTML, PDF, etc) |
| Poser 13 | March 30, 2023 | Bondware Inc. |

## Poser figures

Poser's specially designed figures are commonly known as Poser Figures, Poser Models, Poser Content, Digital Actors, or Digital Puppets. Early versions of Poser were bundled with fully clothed humanoid figures specifically designed for the then-current version of Poser. Next, add-on packages of human figures were sold by the manufacturer of Poser. Soon, third party companies began creating figures which work with Poser. As clothing became separate from the humanoid figure, collections of 3D garments were created for specific models which conform to the shape and pose of the Poser figure. 'Poses' for figures were packaged and sold by the software vendor and by third parties. 'Morphs' allowing customization of body or face shape or other features are also for sale. Skin textures, frequently combined with settings for morph technology, are marketed to allow one base model to be customized into many 'characters'; similar 'texture' packages allow one garment to take on many appearances, an animal to represent different breeds of the same species, or a vehicle to show many colour schemes.

### Development of figures

Each major release of Poser has come with a new generation of figures for use with the tool, however separate figures rapidly became available as the content market developed. Notably Zygote (later Daz 3D) made a Poser model of a young woman, higher-resolution than Posette, and called her "the Millennium Girl". Poser users often colloquially shortened this name to "Millie". Zygote, disliking this name, officially named her Victoria, which is often colloquially shortened to Vicky. Victoria then became the initial member of a large family of figures which has developed across multiple generations of technology. After they merged with Gizmoz in late 2009, Daz 3D released all their Poser figures as free downloads, but withdrew the free versions of their pre-Genesis figures when Genesis was released.

### Content market

Because Poser figures are very inexpensive and useful for commercial illustrators, an entire cottage industry has developed to create and market Poser figures and other content. The market is a combination of several large distributors, who often also develop products, and of individual artists who often use one or more of the larger distributors to handle the sale of their products. Both the distributors and individual artists are involved in the creation of Poser figures, clothing, poses, morphs, textures and characters.

### Figure families

Rather than unconnected single figures, Poser figures are now generally produced as families of models linked by technology generation and creator. Certain add-on products, most often poses and skin textures, but including some clothing models, may be usable across more than one model within a family, but in general are not usable across different generations of the same model. Examples of notable families of models are:
This collapsible table contains a long list of Poser characters. Click on "show" to show it. :
Exhaustive list of Poser characters :
| Family | Category | Designer | Names | Notes | Distributor |
| Poser 11.1 | Realistic Human | Smith Micro Software | Paul 2 (male), Pauline 2 (female) | | Included with Poser |
| Poser 11 | Realistic Human | Smith Micro Software | Paul (male), Pauline (female) | Paul released in content update 1 | Included with Poser |
| Poser 10 | Realistic Human | Smith Micro Software | Rex (male), Roxie (female) | | Included with Poser |
| Poser 9 | Realistic Human | Smith Micro Software | Ryan 2 (male), Alyson 2 (female) | Weight-mapped update of Poser 8 figures. | Included with Poser |
| Miki 4 | Realistic human | Smith Micro Software | Miki 4 | Weight-mapped update of Miki 3. | Content Paradise |
| Miki 3 | Realistic human | eFrontier | Miki 3 | | Content Paradise |
| G2 | Realistic human | eFrontier | James G2, Jessi G2, Koji G2, Kelvin G2, Simon G2, Sydney G2, Olivia G2 | G2 male figures were partially cross-compatible, as were the G2 females. | Content Paradise |
| Dawn | Realistic human | HiveWire | Dawn | Weight-mapped female figure for Poser 9 and DazStudio 4.5 | HiveWire store |
| Dusk | Realistic human | HiveWire | Dusk | Weight-mapped male figure for Poser 9 and DazStudio 4.5 | HiveWire store |
| adanimals | Realistic animals | adh3d | adHorse | A new horse bundle for poser | adh3d poser models |
| adtoons | Toon anthro figures | adh3d | Joe the bear | A new toon figure for Poser 9+ | adh3d poser models |
| adHuman | Realistic human | adh3d | adMan v2 | The next genetation male for Poser 9+ | adh3d poser models |
| adHuman | Realistic human | adh3d | adMAn | A free realistic male figure | adh3d poser models |
| adHuman | Realistic human | adh3d | adMan/adWoman WM | A free realistic human figure with a complete female morph pack and weight map rigging. | adh3d poser models |
| Miki 2.0 | Realistic human | eFrontier | Miki 2.0 | Often mistakenly included within the G2 family. She was created by eFrontier and represents a similar (but earlier) generation of technology, but is an upgraded version of Miki 1.0 | Content Paradise |
| Miki 1.0 | Realistic human | eFrontier | Miki 1.0 | | Content Paradise |
| Koji | Realistic human | eFrontier | Koji | | Content Paradise |
| Poser 8 | Realistic human | eFrontier | Ryan (man), Alyson (woman) | | Content Paradise |
| Poser 7 | Realistic human | eFrontier | Simon G2 (man), Sydney G2 (woman), Ben 2 (child), Kate 2 (child) | Included in Poser 7. The adult figures are the G2 figures listed above. | Content Paradise |
| Poser 6 | Realistic human | eFrontier | James (man), Jessi (woman), Ben (child), Kate (child) | Included in Poser 6. The Poser 6 James and Jessi are distinct figures from the G2 James and Jessi; the G2 figures are a later generation of technology. | Content Paradise |
| Poser 5 | Realistic human | eFrontier | Don (man), Judy (woman), Will (child), Penny (child). | included in Poser 5 | Content Paradise |
| Poser 4 | Realistic human | eFrontier | High-Resolution Man, High Resolution Woman. | Included in Poser 4. The names Dork and Posette remained in unofficial use. | Content Paradise |
| Poser 3 | Realistic human | eFrontier | High-Resolution Man, High Resolution Woman. | Included in Poser 3. Over time the unofficial names 'Dork' and 'Posette' were adopted by the user community. | Content Paradise |
| Poser 2 | Realistic human | eFrontier | Names not yet given to figures | Included in Poser 2 | Content Paradise |
| Poser 1 | Realistic human | eFrontier | Names not yet given to figures | Included in Poser 1 | Content Paradise |
| Genesis 3 (Generation 7) | Primarily realistic human | DAZ originals | Core Figures: Genesis 3 Male; Genesis 3 Female | Weight-mapped figure with posable facial expressions and toes. | DAZ store |
| Genesis 2 (Generation 6) | Primarily realistic human | DAZ originals | Core Figures: Genesis 2 Male; Genesis 2 Female | Weight-mapped figure, usable in Poser with the DSON plugin available form DAZ3D. Restores the male/female split that was removed in the Genesis figure. | DAZ store |
| Genesis (Generation 5) | Primarily realistic human | DAZ originals | Core Figures: Genesis | Weight-mapped figure, usable in Poser with the DSON plugin available form DAZ3D. Morphable into male, female, and humanoid characters. | DAZ store |
| Millennium Figures (Generation 4) | Primarily realistic human | DAZ originals | Core Figures: Victoria 4, Michael 4, Kids 4; Morphs of Victoria 4: Aiko 4, Girl 4, She Freak 4; Stephanie 4; Morphs of Michael 4: Hiro 4, Freak 4 | These morphs are injectable. This makes it easier to make clothing usable across multiple figures. The Kids 4 figure represents a pre-teen child and it has been stated that no specific teenage figure is under development, with the adult figures meant to be morphable into teens. | DAZ store |
| Millennium Figures (Generation 3) | Primarily realistic human | DAZ originals | Victoria 3, Michael 3, Aiko 3, Hiro 3, Stephanie Petite 3, David 3, the Girl, She Freak 2, Millennium Kids - Young Teens (aka Luke & Laura), Millennium Kids- Preschoolers (aka Matt & Maddie), Millenium Baby 3.0, Troll. | 'The Girl', a stylized female figure, was developed by Kim Goossens in conjunction with Daz, but is marketed as and technologically indistinguishable from the other third generation Millennium figures. | DAZ store |
| Millennium Figures (Generation 2) | Primarily realistic human | DAZ originals | Victoria 2, Michael 2, Aiko 1, Stephanie 1, Millennium Girls, Millennium Boys, Millennium Baby. | These Victoria and Michael figures keep the mesh shapes of Generation 1, but add morphs and are an unusual case of some add-on compatibility being maintained across generations. | DAZ store |
| Millennium Figures (Generation 1) | Realistic human | DAZ originals | Victoria 1, Michael 1. | Victoria 1 was originally released as 'The Millennium Woman', but common colloquial shortening to "Millie" led to Daz 3D renaming her as Victoria. | DAZ store |
| ChibiBel | Stylized human | Yamato and BILLY-T | | Anime-style preteen girl | PoserPros store |
| Terai Yuki 2 | Stylized human | eFrontier | Terai Yuki 2 | | Content Paradise |
| Terai Yuki | Stylized human | eFrontier | Terai Yuki | | Content Paradise |
| NearMe | Stylized human | eFrontier | | Anime-style preteen girl | Content Paradise |
| Phoebe | cartoon humanoid | Netherworks | | | Included in Poser |
| LaRoo | cartoon humanoid | RuntimeDNA | | Laroo 1 and 2 also included as lite version in Poser since V6 | DAZ Store |
| Star | Cartoon humanoid | Lady Littlefox | | Weight-mapped female toon figure for Poser 9 and DazStudio 4.5 | DAZ Store |
| Cookie! and Chip! | Cartoon humanoid | Lady Littlefox | | Gumdrops figures remade as young adults. | DAZ Store |
| Koshini and friends | Cartoon humanoid | Lady Littlefox | Koshini, Ichiro, Koshini 2, Ichiro 2, Krystal, Kiki, Kit | | DAZ Store |
| Plushies | Cartoon animals | Lady Littlefox | Rufus | | DAZ Store |
| Wacky World | Cartoon animals | 3D Universe | Sal A. Manda, The Heavies Rhino, 3D Universe Toon Baby, Toon Croc, Toon Squirrel, Toon Dragon, Toon Penguin, Eggbert the toon Duckling, Jacko Lantern | | DAZ store |
| Staci | Cartoon human | 3D Universe | | | DAZ Store |
| Gumdrops | Stylized human children | Littlefox | | | DAZ Store |
| Project Human | Open-source realistic human | Sixus1 | Project Human Male (PHM)/Project Human Female (PHF), HIM | | Sixus1, Content Paradise |
| HER | Stylized human | Pascal Blanche | | Though often mistakenly included in the Open Source Project Human family, HER is the poserized (by Sixus1) version of a figure by Pascal Blanche, who has given permission to distribute this version of the figure free of charge. | Sixus1, Content Paradise |
| Apollo Maximus | Realistic human | Anton Kisiel | | | Anton Kisiel Designs |
| Polymage | realistic human, cartoon humanoid | Mychelle-Anne Daigle (Neftis) | Elle, Esmeralda, Unity, NeftOoN Gal, NeftOoN Pal | | Neftis3D |
| Cartoon humanoid | various | Meshbox Design | Toon Santa, Mrs Toon Santa, Taika the Elf Girl, Teppo the Elf Boy, Toon Bunny | | Mirye Software |