# 2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election

The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election was held on 27 February 2018 to elect 59 of 60 members to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly, with the results declared on 3 March. The scheduled election in Williamnagar constituency was delayed to an undetermined date following the death of Nationalist Congress Party candidate Jonathone Sangma in an IED blast in East Garo Hills district on 18 February 2018. The incumbent Indian National Congress government, led by Chief Minister Mukul Sangma, attempted to win re-election for the third consecutive time.

## Background
### Electoral system

The state of Meghalaya lies in the North-eastern region of India, predominantly populated by tribal groups. At the time of accession to the Independent India, these tribes were assured autonomy to make laws in and enforce local customs, management of land and forests. The sixth schedule of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of autonomous District Councils to oversee these issues. As such, the powers of the state government are limited when compared with other states of India.
The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is the legislative organ of the state. The legislature has 60 seats chosen through first-past-the-post method. The party or coalition with more than 30 seats can form the executive.
From 1976, no political party has secured an absolute majority in the state assembly, with Indian National Congress forming coalition governments.

### Poll machinery

The tenure of outgoing Legislative Assembly, elected in March 2013, was set to end on 6 March 2018. A total of 370 candidates contested the polls across the 60 constituencies. Out of these, only 32 were female candidates, despite the state's distinction of being a matrilineal society.
There were 17.68 lakh voters in the state, out of which 8.93 lakh voters were female. The number of first time voters in the state was 45%.
The election commission set up 3,082 polling booths in the state, out of which 60 booths will be pink booths - one in each constituency run completely by women. There were 172 polling stations in areas adjoining the 884-km-long Assam-Meghalaya border, with polling officials having to pass through Assam to reach several booths. The home department identified 633 polling stations as vulnerable, 315 as critical and 75 as both vulnerable and critical.
Counting will take place in 13 stations to be set up across the state.

## Schedule

The Election Commission scheduled the election for 27 February 2018 with the results to be announced on 3 March 2018.
| Event | Date | Day |
| Date for nominations | 31 Jan 2018 | Wednesday |
| Last date for filing nominations | 7 Feb 2018 | Wednesday |
| Date for scrutiny of nominations | 8 Feb 2018 | Thursday |
| Last date for withdrawal of candidatures | 12 Feb 2018 | Monday |
| Date of poll | 27 Feb 2018 | Tuesday |
| Date of counting | 3 Mar 2018 | Saturday |
| Date before which the election shall be completed | 5 Mar 2018 | Monday |

## Candidates

297 candidates registered to contest the election.
| Party | Alliance | Seats contested |
| Indian National Congress (INC) | UPA | 59 |
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | NDA | 47 |
| National People's Party | NDA | 52 |
| United Democratic Party (UDP) | NDA | 27 |
| Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP) | NDA | 15 |
| Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) | | 8 |
| Garo National Council (GNC) | | 7 |
| Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | | 6 |
| Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement (KHNAM) | | 7 |
| People's Democratic Front (PDF) | NDA | 7 |
| Independents (IND) and other candidates | | 70 |

## Issues
### Coal mining in Jaintia Hills

The Jaintia Hills in the eastern part of the state have rich deposits of coal. The National Green Tribunal banned rat-hole mining of coal in the state in 2014. Tribal groups across Meghalaya maintain that according to the sixth schedule of the Indian Constitution, they alone have the right to the coal under the hills. But the Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act, 1973, which vests ownership and control of the mineral with the Indian state, expressly lists Meghalaya's coal mines as being under its purview. Besides, the Sixth Schedule also confers the right over underground minerals to the Indian state. It explicitly mentions the need for "licences or leases for the purpose of prospecting for, or extraction of, minerals". According to the Constitution, there is only one way a Sixth Schedule state can be exempted from the coal nationalisation law – by a presidential notification to that effect. Official records suggest that while the state government did express apprehension in the wake of the nationalisation of coal, it never applied for an exemption.
The state, in general turned a blind eye to the small-scale mining of coal, which had a huge impact on the ecology of the region, leading to the ban. However, numerous miners and workers were affected by the sudden decision and blame the incumbent Congress government for the failure. The Bharatiya Janata Party has promised to resolve the issue in eight months of coming to power, while the Congress government has assigned the mines to Meghalaya Mineral Development Corporation to operate the mines on behalf of the miners.

## Exit polls

| Polling firm | Date published | | | | |
| Polling firm | Date published | NPP | INC | BJP | Others |
| JanKiBaat-NewsX | 27 January 2018 | 23-27 | 13-17 | 8-12 | 2-6 |
| CVoter | 27 January 2018 | 17-23 | 13-19 | 4-8 | 13-21 |

## Results

The elections resulted in a hung assembly with no single party or alliance getting the requisite majority of 31 seats in the Vidhan Sabha. Conrad Sangma, leader of the NPP, announced that he would form a government with the support of the UDP, BJP and other regional parties. He was sworn in as the Chief Minister, along with eleven other ministers.
Seats :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | ±pp | Contested | Won | +/− |
| | Indian National Congress (INC) | 4,52,324 | 28.5% | 6.3 | 59 | 21 | 8 |
| | National People's Party (NPP) | 3,33,401 | 20.6% | 11.8 | 52 | 20 | 18 |
| | United Democratic Party (UDP) | 183,005 | 11.6% | 5.5 | 27 | 6 | 2 |
| | Independents (IND) | 176079 | 10.8% | 0.8 | | 3 | 10 |
| | Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 152,162 | 9.6% | 8.33 | 47 | 2 | 2 |
| | People's Democratic Front (PDF) | 128,413 | 8.2% | did not contest | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| | Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP) | 84,011 | 5.3% | 1.13 | 15 | 2 | 1 |
| | Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | 29,287 | 1.6% | 0.24 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| | Garo National Council (GNC) | 21,682 | 1.4% | 0.69 | 7 | 0 | 1 |
| | Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement (KHNAM) | 14,164 | 0.9% | 0.17 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| | All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) | 5,544 | 0.4% | did not contest | | 0 | |
| | None of the Above (NOTA) | 14,915 | 0.9% | | | | |
| Total | Total | 15,96,992 | 100.00 | | 297 | 60 | ±0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 15,96,992 | 99.90 | | | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 1,517 | 0.10 | | | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 15,98,509 | 86.65 | | | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | 2,46,285 | 13.35 | | | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 18,44,794 | | | | | |

## Elected members

The following is the list of the members elected in the Meghalaya assembly:
| AC No. | Constituency | Winner | Winner | Winner | Winner | Runner-up | Runner-up | Runner-up | Runner-up | Margin |
| AC No. | Constituency | Candidate | Party | Party | Votes | Candidate | Party | Party | Votes | Margin |
| West Jaintia Hills District |||||||||||
| 1 | Nartiang (ST) | Sniawbhalang Dhar | | NPP | 16,604 | Jopthiaw Lyngdoh | | INC | 14,506 | 2,098 |
| 2 | Jowai (ST) | Wailadmiki Shylla | | NPP | 10,657 | Moonlight Pariat | | UDP | 9,354 | 1,303 |
| 3 | Raliang (ST) | Comingone Ymbon | | NPP | 12,129 | Lakhon Biam | | BJP | 8,879 | 3,250 |
| 4 | Mowkaiaw (ST) | Nujorki Sungoh | | UDP | 6,691 | Gilbert Sten | | NPP | 6,431 | 260 |
| East Jaintia Hills District |||||||||||
| 5 | Sutnga Saipung (ST) | Shitlang Pale | | INC | 12,257 | Hopeful Bamon | | NPP | 10,673 | 1,584 |
| 6 | Khliehriat (ST) | Kyrmen Shylla | | UDP | 20,285 | Justine Dkhar | | BJP | 12,104 | 8,181 |
| West Jaintia Hills District |||||||||||
| 7 | Amlarem (ST) | Lahkmen Rymbui | | UDP | 14,766 | Stephanson Mukhim | | NPP | 12,135 | 2,631 |
| Ri-Bhoi District |||||||||||
| 8 | Mawhati (ST) | Dasakhiatbha Lamare | | NPP | 6,365 | Julias Kitbok Dorphang | | Independent | 6,161 | 204 |
| 9 | Nongpoh (ST) | Mayralborn Syiem | | INC | 11,119 | Rona Khymdeit | | UDP | 7,795 | 3,324 |
| 10 | Jirang (ST) | Sosthenes Sohtun | | NPP | 9,437 | Witness Day Sancley | | INC | 9,217 | 220 |
| 11 | Umsning (ST) | Jason Sawkmie Mawlong | | PDF | 9,238 | Celestine Lyngdoh | | INC | 9,168 | 70 |
| 12 | Umroi (ST) | George Bankyntiewlang Lyngdoh | | INC | 10,405 | Ngaitlang Dhar | | NPP | 9,387 | 1,018 |
| East Khasi Hills District |||||||||||
| 13 | Mawryngkneng (ST) | David A Nongrum | | INC | 10,336 | Highlander Kharmalki | | PDF | 6,573 | 3,763 |
| 14 | Pynthorumkhrah | Alexander Laloo Hek | | BJP | 10,166 | James Ban Basaiawmoit | | PDF | 8,748 | 1,418 |
| 15 | Mawlai (ST) | Process T. Sawkmie | | INC | 9,253 | Teiborlang Pathaw | | Independent | 7,679 | 1,574 |
| 16 | East Shillong (ST) | Ampareen Lyngdoh | | INC | 10,368 | Neil Antonio War | | BJP | 4,294 | 6,074 |
| 17 | North Shillong (ST) | Adelbert Nongrum | | KHNAM | 5,572 | Antonius Lyngdoh | | BJP | 5,166 | 406 |
| 18 | West Shillong | Mohendro Rapsang | | INC | 10,288 | Paul Lyngdoh | | UDP | 8,304 | 1,984 |
| 19 | South Shillong | Sanbor Shullai | | BJP | 11,204 | Manas Chaudhuri | | INC | 6,107 | 5,097 |
| 20 | Mylliem (ST) | Hamletson Dohling | | PDF | 8,493 | Ronnie Lyngdoh | | INC | 8,028 | 465 |
| 21 | Nongthymmai (ST) | Charles Pyngrope | | INC | 10,225 | Dr. Jemino Mawthoh | | UDP | 9,268 | 957 |
| 22 | Nongkrem (ST) | Lambor Malngiang | | Independent | 8,274 | Ardent Miller Basaiawmoit | | HSPDP | 8,198 | 76 |
| 23 | Sohiong (ST) | Samlin Malngiang | | HSPDP | 11,960 | H. Donkupar Lyngdoh | | INC | 11,338 | 622 |
| 24 | Mawphlang (ST) | Syntar Klas Sunn | | Independent | 11,162 | Kennedy Cornelius Khyriem | | INC | 10,444 | 718 |
| 25 | Mawsynram (ST) | Himalaya Muktan Shangpliang | | INC | 8,984 | Pynshngainlang Syiem | | PDF | 8,190 | 794 |
| 26 | Shella (ST) | Donkupar Roy | | UDP | 8,280 | Leston Wanswett | | PDF | 7,910 | 370 |
| 27 | Pynursla (ST) | Prestone Tynsong | | NPP | 12,807 | Nehru Suting | | UDP | 10,233 | 2,574 |
| 28 | Sohra (ST) | Gavin Miguel Mylliem | | PDF | 8,625 | Titosstar Well Chyn | | UDP | 6,601 | 2,024 |
| 29 | Mawkynrew (ST) | Banteidor Lyngdoh | | PDF | 8,519 | Martle Mukhim | | HSPDP | 8,010 | 509 |
| West Khasi Hills District |||||||||||
| 30 | Mairang (ST) | Metbah Lyngdoh | | UDP | 10,710 | Councellor Singh Wahlang | | PDF | 7,796 | 2,914 |
| 31 | Mawthadraishan (ST) | Brolding Nongsiej | | UDP | 13,520 | Biolinda Nonglait | | HSPDP | 11,691 | 1,829 |
| 32 | Nongstoin (ST) | Macmillan Byrsat | | NPP | 9,284 | Gabriel Wahlang | | INC | 9,224 | 60 |
| 33 | Rambrai-Jyrngam (ST) | Kimfa Sidney Marbaniang | | INC | 12,135 | K Phlastingwell Pangniang | | HSPDP | 8,332 | 3,803 |
| 34 | Mawshynrut (ST) | Gigur Myrthong | | NPP | 9,540 | Witting Mawsor | | HSPDP | 6,116 | 3,424 |
| South West Khasi Hills District |||||||||||
| 35 | Ranikor (ST) | Martin Danggo | | INC | 10,952 | Pius Marwein | | UDP | 8,950 | 2,002 |
| 36 | Mawkyrwat (ST) | Renikton Lyngdoh Tongkhar | | HSPDP | 6,777 | Carnes Sohshang | | INC | 6,319 | 458 |
| North Garo Hills District |||||||||||
| 37 | Kharkutta (ST) | Rupert Momin | | NPP | 14,654 | Cherak Watre Momin | | INC | 13,845 | 809 |
| 38 | Mendipathar (ST) | Marthon Sangma | | INC | 9,347 | Frankenstein Momin | | NPP | 6,670 | 2,677 |
| 39 | Resubelpara (ST) | Timothy Shira | | NPP | 6,720 | Salseng Marak | | INC | 4,957 | 1,763 |
| 40 | Bajengdoba (ST) | Pongseng Marak | | NPP | 11,648 | Brigady Napak Marak | | INC | 9,684 | 1,964 |
| East Garo Hills District |||||||||||
| 41 | Songsak (ST) | Dr. Mukul Sangma | | INC | 10,274 | Nihim Shira | | NPP | 8,444 | 1,830 |
| 42 | Rongjeng (ST) | Jim Sangma | | NPP | 4,846 | Walseng Sangma | | Independent | 4,296 | 550 |
| 43 | Williamnagar (ST) | Marcuise N. Marak | | NPP | 9,656 | Sengbath R Marak | | Independent | 4,736 | 4,920 |
| West Garo Hills District |||||||||||
| 44 | Raksamgre (ST) | Benedic Marak | | NPP | 9,104 | Limison Sangma | | INC | 8,480 | 624 |
| 45 | Tikrikilla (ST) | Jimmy Sangma | | INC | 7,167 | Rahinath Barchung | | Independent | 5,760 | 1,407 |
| 46 | Phulbari | S. G. Esmatur Mominin | | NPP | 7,716 | Abu Taher Mondal | | INC | 6,582 | 1,134 |
| 47 | Rajabala | Dr. Azad Zaman | | INC | 7,420 | Ashahel Shira | | Independent | 6,482 | 938 |
| 48 | Selsella (ST) | Clement Marak | | INC | 12,619 | Ferlin C. A. Sangma | | NPP | 9,022 | 3,597 |
| 49 | Dadenggre (ST) | James Pangsang Kongkal Sangma | | NPP | 7,239 | Rupa M. Marak | | Independent | 4,454 | 2,785 |
| 50 | North Tura (ST) | Thomas Sangma | | NPP | 6,487 | Noverfield R. Marak | | INC | 4,391 | 2,096 |
| 51 | South Tura (ST) | Agatha Sangma | | NPP | 6,499 | Billykid Sangma | | BJP | 4,896 | 1,603 |
| 52 | Rangsakona (ST) | Zenith Sangma | | INC | 13,981 | Subir Marak | | NPP | 12,019 | 1,962 |
| South West Garo Hills District |||||||||||
| 53 | Ampati (ST) | Dr. Mukul Sangma | | INC | 16,721 | Bakul Ch. Hajong | | BJP | 8,617 | 8,104 |
| 54 | Mahendraganj (ST) | Dikkanchi Shira | | INC | 14,292 | Premananda Koch | | BJP | 6,207 | 8,085 |
| 55 | Salmanpara (ST) | Winnerson Sangma | | INC | 6,613 | Ian Botham. Sangma | | NPP | 4,698 | 1,915 |
| West Garo Hills District |||||||||||
| 56 | Gambegre (ST) | Saleng Sangma | | NCP | 7,291 | Sadhiarani Sangma | | INC | 7,155 | 136 |
| 57 | Dalu (ST) | Brening Sangma | | NPP | 4,092 | Dorendro Sangma | | INC | 3,308 | 784 |
| South Garo Hills District |||||||||||
| 58 | Rongara Siju (ST) | Rakkam Sangma | | NPP | 8,108 | Rophul Marak | | Independent | 7,000 | 1,108 |
| 59 | Chokpot (ST) | Lazarus Sangma | | INC | 8,410 | Secondson Sangma | | NPP | 6,359 | 2,051 |
| 60 | Baghmara (ST) | Samuel Sangma | | Independent | 8,070 | Sengnal Sangmaa | | NPP | 5,828 | 2,242 |