OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Caernarvon Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

40°08′13″N 75°57′29″W﻿ / ﻿40.13694°N 75.95806°W﻿ / 40.13694; -75.95806
Caernarvon Township is a township in northeastern Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. For the 2020 census, the population was 4,605.

## History

The Bangor Episcopal Church, Ann Cunningham Evans House, Edward Davies House, Pool Forge Covered Bridge, Poole Forge, Weaver's Mill Covered Bridge, and Windsor Forge Mansion are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 23.0 square miles (60 km$^2$), all land. It includes the communities of Churchtown, Beartown, Narvon, and part of Morgantown.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 4,278 people, 1,269 households, and 1,079 families residing in the township. The population density was 186.2 inhabitants per square mile (71.9/km$^2$). There were 1,303 housing units at an average density of 56.7 per square mile (21.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.90% White, 0.49% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.05% from other races, and 0.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.
There were 1,269 households, out of which 42.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.8% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.9% were non-families. 12.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.27 and the average family size was 3.58.
In the township the population was spread out, with 31.9% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $47,905, and the median income for a family was $50,410. Males had a median income of $36,630 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,881. About 6.0% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.
# Hopeful Stakes (Great Britain)

The Hopeful Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run on the July Course at Newmarket over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
# Scissurella azorensis

Scissurella azorensis is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Scissurellidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off the Azores and in the Mediterranean Sea.
# George Watson (rugby)

George W Watson (6 January 1885 – 1961) was an Australian rugby union and pioneer professional rugby league footballer and was one of the first Australian dual code rugby international representatives. He was also one of the pioneer Queensland executives behind the new code in 1908.

## Rugby union career

Watson represented for the Wallabies as a winger in the 1907 Test against the touring All Blacks in a team captained by Peter Burge.

## Rugby league career

A foundation player at the establishment of the professional code in Sydney in 1908 he played one game only for the Kangaroos, the 2nd Test against New Zealand in Brisbane in May 1908. This was the 2nd international rugby league appearance by an Australian side. Watson played that day in the centres outside of the legendary Dally Messenger.
Five former Wallabies had debuted for the Kangaroos in the inaugural Test three weeks earlier, Watson's league Test debut that day with Bill Hardcastle made them the 6th and 7th Australian dual code internationals.
Since his sole rugby league Test appearance was made as a 1908 rebel before a Brisbane club competition began in 1909, Watson like Doug McLean, Snr. was a Kangaroo with no rugby league club career.
# Sedona Film School

34°51′02″N 111°49′49″W﻿ / ﻿34.850511°N 111.830300°W﻿ / 34.850511; -111.830300 The Sedona Film School (SFS), formerly the Zaki Gordon Institute for Independent Filmmaking (ZGI) is an accredited part of Yavapai College and a previous member of CILECT. It is located in Sedona, Arizona.

## History

The school was founded in 2000 by screenwriter Dan Gordon and industry professional Stephan Schultze.
The Institute was originally named for Dan Gordon's eldest son, Zaki Gordon, an independent film maker who died at the age of 22.
In 2012, it changed its name to the Sedona Film School, in response to Gordon leaving the school.
In 2013, Yavapai College announced the temporary closure of the Sedona Film School while its curriculum was updated. The updated program began admitting students in the Fall of 2015 as the Film and Media Arts Program.

## Programs

The school offers film making courses in narrative and occasionally documentary programs (If student enrollment is of sufficient numbers), and previously offered a second year advanced program in which students and faculty produce a full-length feature film.
# John Shy

John Willard Shy (March 23, 1931 – April 8, 2022) was a military historian and professor emeritus at the University of Michigan. Shy was part of a group of military historians who examined the interplay of the military, politics, and society in the colonial and revolutionary periods of American history.

## Education

Born in Ohio, Shy attended the United States Military Academy, graduating with a B.S. degree in the class of 1952. He received his M.A. degree in history from the University of Vermont in 1957. Shy graduated with his Ph.D. degree in history from Princeton University in 1961. His doctoral thesis was entitled The British army in North America, 1760-1775.

## Career

Shy was commissioned as a United States Army officer in 1952 and served on active duty until 1955. He transitioned to the Army Reserve and ultimately attained the rank of captain.
Shy became an associate professor at Princeton in 1959, an associate professor at Michigan in 1968 and a full professor there in 1971. He was a visiting professor at the United States Army War College from 1974 to 1975.
Shy specialized in the American Colonial and Revolutionary periods.
The University of Michigan presented him with the Distinguished Faculty Achievement Award in 1994.
Shy received the Morison Prize from the Society for Military History in 2002.
Shy gave the 2008 George C. Marshall Lecture in Military History.
Shy lived in Ann Arbor, Michigan after his retirement and died in 2022.

## Selected works

* Paret, Peter, and John W. Shy. Guerrillas in the 1960s. New York: Published for the Center of International Studies, Princeton University, by Praeger, 1962. OCLC 275746
* Shy, John W. Toward Lexington; The Role of the British Army in the Coming of the American Revolution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965.
* Shy, John W. A People Numerous and Armed: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. ISBN 0195020138
* Gilbert, Benjamin, and John W. Shy. Winding Down: The Revolutionary War Letters of Lieutenant Benjamin Gilbert of Massachusetts, 1780–1783: From His Original Manuscript Letterbook in the William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan. [Ann Arbor]: University of Michigan Press, 1989. ISBN 0472101129
# Jake Maizen

Jake Maizen (born 4 January 1997) is an Italy international rugby league footballer who plays as a centre or winger for the Whitehaven RLFC in the RFL Championship.

## Background

Maizen is of Italian descent.

## Playing career
### Club career

Maizen previously played for the Central Queensland Capras in the Queensland Cup.
He played in six games, and scored four tries for the Sunshine Coast Falcons in the 2022 Queensland Cup.

### Whitehaven R.L.F.C.

On 8 November 2023 it was reported that he had signed for Whitehaven R.L.F.C. in the RFL Championship on a one-year deal.

### International career

In 2022, Maizen was named in the Italy squad for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup. Maizen made his debut for Italy in the opening match of the 2021 Rugby League World Cup against Scotland scoring a hat-trick in Italy's 28–4 victory.
# Herbert J. Thompson

Herbert John "Dick" Thompson (September 21, 1881 - November 12, 1937) was an American U. S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer of Thoroughbred racehorses. He was the trainer of the winning horse of the Kentucky Derby in 1921, 1926, 1932 and 1933.
In 1916, Thompson went to work as an assistant trainer to Cliff Hammon at the Idle Hour Stock Farm of Edward R. Bradley near Lexington, Kentucky. Following Hammon's death on July 28, 1918, he took temporary charge of the stable and was permanently appointed head trainer in March 1919.
Champions Trained by Thompson:
* Blue Larkspur, American Horse of the Year, 1929
* Baba Kenny, American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly, 1930
* Burgoo King, American Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse, 1932
* Barn Swallow, American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly, 1933
* Balladier, American Champion Two-Year-Old Male Horse, 1934
# Isa Sofi

The Tomb of İsa Sofi (Turkish: İsa sofu türbesi) is an early 14th century tomb located in Borcak, Söğüt in the district of Bilecik, Turkey. The tomb contains "shamanic" decorations of Gök Tanrı (sky god), related to Central Asian Turkish beliefs—the first such decorations found in Anatolia. The tomb was dedicated to İsa Sofi, a friend of Ertuğrul, father of Osman Gazi (Osman I), founder of the dynasty that ruled the Ottoman Empire. İsa Sofi had a lodge in the area at the time of Osman I.
It is similar architecturally to the tombs of Gülruh Sultan and Gülşah Hatun in Bursa.

## Decorations

The decorations, which are in good condition, were discovered during the tomb's renovation, revealed when plaster was scraped away. The decorations of the tomb bear no Islamic imagery, and they are unlike those of any other tomb in Turkey.
The tomb contains no Islamic elements except for its orientation.

## Use

Up until recently, the site continued to have social and religious importance for the village, serving as a local pilgrimage site and location for Hıdırellez celebrations.
# George Abel

George Gordon Abel (February 23, 1916 – April 16, 1996) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He played centre for the Edmonton Mercurys, and won the only Canadian gold medal playing in the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway.

## Biography

George was born and raised in Melville, Saskatchewan. Born into a true western Canadian hockey family, he played minor hockey while growing up and joined the Flin Flon Bombers in 1937. In 1946, choosing not to go professional, George returned to Melville to marry, start a family, and join his brothers Don and Lawrence in operating Abel's Cartage.
In 1950, George joined the Melville Millionaires. He played for Melville until 1952, gaining a provincial reputation as an exceptional stick-handler and prolific goal-scorer. For a time, he both coached the team and played simultaneously. At this time, George was known as "Mr. Hockey" in Saskatchewan.
In 1952, he accepted an invitation to join the Edmonton Mercurys to play as Canada's National hockey team in the 1952 Olympics. The team toured Europe for three months, playing 50 or 51 games, where George earned the nickname "Mr. Production". In Olympic competition at Oslo, Norway, he scored the winning goal in the final game, securing the only Canadian gold medal of the Olympics.
A bona fide international Canadian hockey hero, George happily returned to a quiet, but busy, life in Melville, all the while remaining active in hockey, fastball, softball, curling and fishing as a player or coach. He retired from Abel's Cartage in 1971.
George's younger brother Sid Abel (February 22, 1918 – February 8, 2000) became a Canadian professional hockey player and later coach in the National Hockey League. His playing career spanned from the 1938–39 season until the 1953–54 season, playing for both the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks and was a member of three winning Stanley Cups in 1943, 1950, and 1952 with the Detroit Red Wings.
George Abel's nephew, Sid Abel's son, Gerry also briefly played in the NHL, and Sid's grandson Brent Johnson is a goaltender who last played for the Pittsburgh Penguins.
# Nevoid hypertrichosis

Nevoid hypertrichosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by the growth of terminal hairs in a circumscribed area. Nevoid hypertrichosis often presents shortly after birth. The cause of nevoid hypertrichosis is unknown. The diagnosis is made based on clinical and histopathological examination.

## Signs and symptoms

Nevoid hypertrichosis is a rare disorder characterized by a confined patch of coarse terminal hair. It often manifests at or shortly after birth, while it sporadically manifests later in life. The lesion is known to stay stable, and the child's growth is directly correlated with any size rise. Though reports of spontaneous resolution are rare, it usually persists. It typically manifests as one or more isolated patches.
The absence of any underlying pigmentary alteration or other lesions is the traditional unifying characteristic of these lesions. The hair in the lesions is the same color as the hair on the scalp; nevertheless, there have been instances of premature graying of the hair in the patch as well as depigmented hair.

## Causes

Whether nevoid hypertrichosis is a genetically determined condition or a deformity of unknown etiology remains unclear. In giant nevoid hypertrichosis, an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been suggested.

## Diagnosis

Histopathological analysis and traditional cutaneous appearance serve as the foundation for the diagnosis. Histopathology is usually required to rule out any underlying nevus, but it typically reveals a normal epidermis with an increased number of morphologically normal hair follicles in the dermis.
Congenital hairy melanocytic nevus, congenital hypertichosis lanuginosa, plexiform neurofibroma, and generalized hypertrichosis are differential diagnoses that need to be ruled out in cases with early onset. Becker's nevus, late onset melanocytic nevus, and smooth muscle hamartoma should be taken into consideration for patients with a delayed onset.

## Treatment

For management, the patient should be counseled about the condition's benign nature, which will relieve their anxieties. The goal of treatment is to improve appearance, particularly if the lesion is on a body part that is visible. Long pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and alexandrite lasers have been tried for laser hair reduction with positive cosmetic results.
# Cooley Fillies Stakes

The Cooley Fillies Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It is run at Dundalk over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late October or early November.
The race was first run in 2007.

## Records

Most successful horse (2 wins):
* Surrounding – 2018, 2019
Leading jockey (3 wins):
* Colin Keane - Juncture (2022), Many Tears (2023), Sakti (2024)
Leading trainer (4 wins):
* Ger Lyons - Lily's Angel (2012), Juncture (2022), Many Tears (2023), Sakti (2024)
# Eatoniella cana

Eatoniella cana is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eatoniellidae, the eatoniellids.

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 2.51 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 2 m. Maximum recorded depth is 10 m.
# Eatoniella varicifera

Eatoniella varicifera is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eatoniellidae, the eatoniellids.

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 2.15 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 4 m. Maximum recorded depth is 10 m.
# Róża, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Róża is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Susz, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Susz, 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Iława, and 77 km (48 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Różaniec, Gmina Pieniężno

Różaniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pieniężno, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany (East Prussia).
# Microtralia insularis

Microtralia insularis is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a marine pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Ellobiidae.
In Powell, 1979, this species was referred to as Rangitotoa insularis. However, the genus Rangitotoa is now considered to be an invalid synonym of Microtralia, and Rangitotoa insularis an invalid synonym of Microtralia occidentalis. The latter name is considered by some sources to be an invalid synonym of Microtralia ovulum (sometimes spelled Microtralia ovula), while other sources treat all three nominal species, including Microtralia insularis, as valid. There does not appear to be any published reason to doubt Climo's (1982) synonymies.
# Sajna Mała

Sajna Mała is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korsze, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Salminek

Salminek is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Gietrzwałd, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Gietrzwałd and 22 km (14 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).
# Samolubie

Samolubie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kiwity, within Lidzbark County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Kiwity, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Lidzbark Warmiński, and 48 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Sarkajmy

Sarkajmy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korsze, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Korsze, 22 km (14 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn, and 58 km (36 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Stanley A. Deetz

Stanley A. Deetz is President of Interaction Design for Innovation and Professor Emeritus and a President's Teaching Scholar at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He was the Founding Director of the Center for the Study of Conflict, Collaboration and Creative Governance and long term Director of the Peace and Conflict Studies Program when he taught at the University of Colorado.

## Life

Stanley Deetz grew up on a dairy farm in Indiana. He received his B.S. in Economics and Speech/ Drama from Manchester College in 1970. Deetz attended Ohio University for both his M.A. (1972) and his Ph.D. (1973) in Communication, both under the advisement of Kenneth Williams. His master's thesis was titled, "An ethnomethodological analysis of selected approach to the speech act." His doctoral dissertation was titled, "Essays on hermeneutics and communication research." Deetz was a Claude Kantner Fellow in his final year of graduate study in 1973.
Deetz has taught at several institutions: Bridgewater State College from 1973–77; Southern Illinois University from 1977–84; and Rutgers University from 1984–97. From 1997 to 2014, Deetz was a professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He spent the spring semester of 1994 as a Senior Fulbright Scholar at Göteborgs Universitët in Sweden.
Deetz has held visiting appointments at Arizona State University, the University of Texas, the University of Iowa, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil), and the Copenhagen Business School (Denmark). Colegio Mayor University (Colombia), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (Mexico).
He served as president of the International Communication Association from 1996–97.

## Academic scholarship

Deetz's specialization in organizational studies and organizational communication began from a philosophical understanding of the social (interactional) construction of human experience developing to a critical and cultural perspective about power and practices of corporations. Summarizing his position, "If human experience is social constructed, it is done so under various conditions of inequality, and hence we have a practical and moral obligation to make actual places of construction more democratic."

## Selected publications

Deetz has authored, co-authored, and edited twelve books and more than 140 scholarly articles. Selected books include:
* Deetz, S., Tracy, S., and Simpson, J. (2000). Leading organizations through transitions: Communication and cultural change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
* Alvesson, M. & Deetz, S. (2000). Doing critical management research. London: Sage. 240 pages. Hrd & pbk. Translated into Swedish as Kritisk samhällsforskning. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.
* Deetz, S. (1995). Transforming communication, transforming business: Building responsive and responsible workplaces. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
* Deetz, S. (1992). Democracy in an age of corporate colonization: Developments in communication and the politics of everyday life. Albany: State University of New York Press.
* Deetz, S. and Stevenson, S. (1986). Managing interpersonal communication. New York: Harper and Row.
# George Fosbery

Lieutenant Colonel George Vincent Fosbery VC (11 April 1832 – 8 May 1907) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was also a designer and inventor of firearms.

## Military background

An Old Etonian, Fosbery was 31 years old, and a lieutenant in the 4th Bengal European Regiment, British Indian Army during the Umbeyla Campaign during which he was awarded the Victoria Cross. He retired from the service in 1877 having achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel.

### Umbeyla Campaign

On 30 October 1863 during the Umbeyla Campaign, North-West India, Lieutenant Fosbery led a party of his regiment to recapture the Crag Picquet, after its garrison had been driven in by the enemy and 60 of them killed. The approach to the Crag was very narrow but the lieutenant led his party with great coolness, and was the first man to gain the top of the Crag from his side of the attack. Subsequently, when the commanding officer was wounded, Lieutenant Fosbery assembled a party and pursued the routed enemy, inflicting on them further losses.

## Inventions

In 1895 he patented a design for a self-cocking revolver, which was taken up by the Webley & Scott Revolver & Arms Company. The Webley-Fosbery Automatic Revolver was produced as a six-shot .455 caliber and an eight-shot .38 caliber.
In 1885 he patented the Paradox gun. The Paradox design was adopted and produced by the famous gunmaker's Holland & Holland, and so named because only the front two inches of the barrel were rifled; intended to be used as both rifle and shotgun, capable of firing both shot and conical bullets with accuracy.
Marketed by Holland and Holland throughout the British empire for hunting, it was used most prominently in India with the advantage of being powerful enough for tiger, and also able to fire birdshot for snipe. When Fosbury's patent ran out in the late 19th Century, other makers adopted the design, most famously Westley-Richards with their "Explora" model.

## Medals

In 1997, Fosbery's Victoria Cross was sold at an Alberta auction for $45,000. His medals are now on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery in the Imperial War Museum in London.
# Sedranki

Sedranki (German: Seedranken) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olecko, within Olecko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Olecko and 134 km (83 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.