OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spring Vale Cemetery railway line

The Spring Vale Cemetery railway line, in Melbourne, Australia, branched from the now Pakenham Line at Springvale railway station, for a short 1.87 km (1.16 mi) journey to the Spring Vale Cemetery. The terminus was a railway station of the same name.

## History

The Spring Vale Cemetery branch line and associated station were opened on 1 March 1904 following completion of construction in December 1902. The line was used to transport corpses, funeral cortèges and visitors to the Necropolis. Special hearse vans were constructed to transport the coffins and wreaths. The line was electrified in December 1922. Mortuary services ceased in 1943 and the visitor's service was suspended from 10 December 1950, following the end of the statewide 55-day coal strike. Formal closure was only a book date, being 19 December 1951.

## Current status

Throughout the first few months of 1951, the line was dismantled back to the western boundary of the Sandown Park Racecourse, and eventually back to the station side of Sandown Road. By the 1970s, the visible remains of the branch line included a short stub of the line, known as "Siding B", and an electrical sub-station near where the branch junctioned, as well as a short section of the alignment between Sandown Road and the racecourse boundary. A stanchion base could be seen at the end of the Downard Lawn in the Necropolis.
By 2010, the remaining track, overhead power lines and supporting stanchions had been removed, along with other sidings east of Springvale station. The electrical sub-station building remains, along with the rail reservation up to Sandown Park Racecourse, although it is now crossed by Sandown Road.
A commemorative plaque has been placed at the site of the former Cemetery platform, located in the grounds of the Eucalypt lawn of the Springvale Botanical Cemetery.
Another commemorative plaque marking the location of the base of the supported electric overhead wires for the railway is located in the AC Downard lawn.

## Station histories

| Station | Opened | Closed | Age | Notes |
| Springvale | 1 September 1880 || || data-sort-value=52,716 | 144 years | Formerly Spring Vale |
| Cemetery | 7 February 1904 || 19 December 1951 || data-sort-value=17,482 | 47 years | Also known as Necropolis or Spring Vale Cemetery |
# Petri Purho

Petri Purho (born 1983 in Kouvola, Finland) is a Finnish game developer and a cofounder of the game studio Nolla Games. He has previously also worked at Finnish independent video game developer studio Frozenbyte. He is best-known for the roguelite Noita and the puzzler Crayon Physics Deluxe, which won the Seumas McNally Grand Prize at the Independent Games Festival in 2008.
Purho initially made a name for himself as a rapid game prototyper. Almost all of his early games were created within one week as a massive prototyping project. Most common element of these prototypes are various bonuses for successful combos and/or chain reactions. These games were mainly created using open-source technologies.

## Crayon Physics

Crayon Physics was Purho's tenth rapid game prototype and was coded in five days. It is a slow-paced puzzle game based on rigid bodies physics.

## Noita

Noita, a rogue-like platformer developed by Nolla games (of which Purho is a member), was released for Windows 10 on Steam, GoG, Itch and Humble on October 15, 2020. It currently sits at a 76% on Metacritic and an 8/10 on Edge.
# Anatoma schanderi

Anatoma schanderi is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Anatomidae.
# Chanapora Assembly constituency

Chanapora is one of the 90 constituencies in the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir a north state of India. Chanapora is also part of Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party | Party |
| 2024 | Mushtaq Guroo | | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |

## Election results
### Assembly Election 2024

2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election : Chanapora :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | JKNC | Mushtaq Guroo | 13,717 | 53.94% | New |
| | JKAP | Syed Mohammad Altaf Bukhari | 8,029 | 31.57% | New |
| | JKPDP | Mohammed Iqbal Trumboo | 1,450 | 5.70% | New |
| | BJP | Hilal Ahmad Wani | 722 | 2.84% | New |
| | Independent | Jibran Dar | 598 | 2.35% | New |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 355 | 1.40% | New |
| | Independent | Sheeban Ashai | 225 | 0.88% | New |
| | Independent | Showkat Ahmad Bhat | 212 | 0.83% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 5,688 | 22.37% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 25,431 | 29.77% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 85,431 | | |
| | JKNC win (new seat) | JKNC win (new seat) | JKNC win (new seat) | JKNC win (new seat) | JKNC win (new seat) |
# Lanphear Buck

Lanphear Buck (born December 9, 1901, Fall River, Massachusetts; died May 18, 1974, Port Chester, New York) was an American field hockey player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Fall River, Massachusetts to Augustus Walker Buck and Jennie Hurd (Lanphear) Buck. On September 16, 1937 he married Arizona-born Louise McArthur in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In 1936 he was a member of the American team which was eliminated in the group stage of the Olympic tournament. He played one match as forward.
Back later became a real estate management executive.
# Kurt Falls

Kurt Falls (born 13 August 1996) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a five-eighth for the Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League (NRL). He previously played for the Penrith Panthers.

## Background

Falls graduated from St Dominic's College, Penrith in 2014 and played alongside Nathan Cleary in the Schoolboy Trophy winning team of 2014. He scored the match-winning try in the Grand Final. He played his junior rugby league with Brothers Penrith.

## Playing career

Falls joined the Penrith Panthers in 2021. In round 13 of the 2022 NRL season, at almost 26 years of age, Falls made his first grade debut for the Penrith Panthers in his side's 30−18 victory over the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs at Penrith Stadium. Falls kicked five conversions in the match. Falls spent the majority of 2022 playing for Penrith's NSW Cup team. Falls scored a try and kicked four goals in Penrith's 29-22 victory over Canterbury in the 2022 NSW Cup Grand Final. On 2 October 2022, Falls played in Penrith's 44-10 victory over Norths Devils in the NRL State Championship final. Falls was released by Penrith at the end of the 2022 NRL season, however he remained at the club in 2023 on a development contract playing in the NSW Cup.
Falls joined the Brisbane Broncos on a train and trial contract for the 2024 pre-season.
# Khrennikov House

The Khrennikov House (Ukrainian: Будинок Хреннікова, romanized: Budynok Khrennikova) is a four-floor building in Dnipro (formerly Yekaterinoslav), one of the best examples of the Art Nouveau architecture in the city. It is located at the corner of Dmytra Yavornytskoho Avenue and Korolenko Street and currently houses Grand Hotel Ukraina.

## History

The house was completed in 1913. The estate owner and engineer Vladimir Khrennikov hired a young architect Pyotr Fetisov to develop the project. Another architect, Lyudomir-Flavian Khoynovsky, also participated. The idea to build a house in a traditional Ukrainian style belonged to a historian Dmytro Yavornytsky, who lived in Yekaterinoslav and knew Khrennikov.
Vladimir Khrennikov was the son of merchant Nikolay Khrennikov and Lyubov Belyavskaya, a daughter of merchant Prokofy Belyavsky, who on two occasions was elected the mayor of Yekaterinoslav. Khrennikov inherited the estate from his mother. He graduated from Imperial Petersburg Institute of Technology and travelled around Europe before returning to Yekaterinoslav at around 1905. The estate where the house is not standing was occupied by trading arcades built before 1870 by Belyavsky. Khrennikov, who was a sympathisant of Ukrainian national movement, decided to demolish the trading arcades and to build a revenue house in the Ukrainian Modern style. The construction lasted between 1910 and 1913; in parallel, one of the renters of the old building refused to move out and had to be sued. The new rental agreements started from 1 January 1914. In 1914, a cinema was opened in the building, and the lower floors were occupied by shops and warehouses. The upper floors were in 1915 rented to the Emperor Nicholas II First Commercial School, which had its own building used for a military hospital. The room was insufficient for the school, which had to cut a number of incoming students.
The building has a complicated shape with a central tower with a spire looking at the street crossing. The walls are white, except for two large paintings made of maiolica. There are many details, including arches and windows, which are clearly inspired by real or imaginary architecture of the Zaporizhian Sich.
In 1918, after the October Revolution Khrennikov left the city, abandoning all of his properties. He remained in Russia and died in Kislovodsk in 1936. After 1920, the building housed the Central District Committee of the Communist Party, a central statistical office, a club, and an art museum, as well as a number of state and commercial organizations. The house was considerably damaged during World War II. In the 1950s, it was restored, and the hotel was housed in the building.
# Amastra porphyrostoma

Amastra porphyrostoma is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 20 mm, its diameter 11 mm
The shell is dextral, imperforate, thick, and long-conic, with fine rough striae. It is covered by a notably thick, rough, brown epidermis, under which lies a thinner, smooth, brown layer. The spire is convexly conic, composed of six convex whorls. The body whorl is convex and accounts for half the total shell length. The suture is distinct and well defined.
The aperture is subelliptical, slightly angular at the base. The columella is narrow and vertical, bearing a thick, lamelliform, nearly transverse fold. The outer margin is simple. Beneath the epidermis, the shell's ground color is a yellowish tone. The columella and outer lip display a subtle purple hue, while the shell's summit is a reddish brown.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Oahu island.
# Ursus, Warsaw

Ursus is a district (dzielnica) of Warsaw, one of the 18 such units into which the city is divided. Between 1952 and 1977 it was a separate city. Until 1954 it was known as Czechowice.

## History

In the area that is today Ursus, there were three villages in the 14th century: Czechowice, Skorosze and Szamoty (later called Gołąbki).
Industrialisation in the 20th century contributed to developing these villages. Skorosze became the seat of the municipality, and in the early 1920s the Szamoty area's Zakłady Mechaniczne "Ursus" (English: Ursus Industrial Plants) (makers of agricultural machinery) were built. Czechowice became a housing estate due to it being in the vicinity of factories. In the 1939, before World War II, it had 7000 inhabitants. Skorosze had a school, police station and train station in its area.
In 1952 Czechowice, Skorosze and Szamoty were combined into one city, called Czechowice, which in 1954 changed its name to Ursus (there had been another Czechowice-Dziedzice city already, located in southern Poland).
From June 25 to June 30, 1976, the city of Ursus witnessed strikes after the communists raised food prices. Many people got injured and arrested. It was the signal that started Komitet Obrony Robotników (KOR), a movement which was successful in uniting the workers and intellectuals against the communist government, which eventually led to the birth of the Solidarity movement.
On August 1, 1977, Ursus became part of Warsaw within the Ochota district as punishment for the strikes in June 1976. Ursus lost its independence as a separate city.
Since January 1, 1993 Ursus has been a separate district.

## The present

Ursus is one of the smallest Warsaw districts. It also has the lowest crime rate.

## Neighbourhoods within the district

* Gołąbki
* Szamoty
* Niedźwiadek
* Czechowice
* Skorosze
# Claremont Hotel, Eastbourne

The Claremont Hotel was a hotel in Eastbourne, East Sussex, United Kingdom, overlooking the Carpet Gardens, near Eastbourne Pier. The hotel was destroyed by a large fire on 22 November 2019.
The Grade II* listed 70-room hotel adjoined the 159-room Burlington Hotel to form a grand white-washed row known as the Grand Parade. Both hotels were originally terraced houses, with the Burlington spanning 13 houses.

## History

The hotel was built between 1851 and 1855, after some delay in financing after the builders went bankrupt. The hotel was originally named after the 2nd Earl of Burlington, William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire. The hotel became a listed building in 1949.
In 2007 the long-term manager of the Burlington hotel, Christopher Dean, retired after fifteen years at the hotel. Formerly owned by Sheikh Abid Gulzar, the Claremont was acquired in the mid-2010s by Daish's Holidays.
At 08:50 GMT on 22 November 2019, a fire broke out in the basement of the hotel and resulted in around 60 firefighters and 12 fire engines being sent to the hotel to extinguish the flames. The hotel was successfully evacuated with seven people injured, one being hospitalised; the nearby Pier Hotel was also evacuated. Fire continued to burn until the gas supply was successfully cut off on the evening of 24 November. The hotel was gutted, and the Burlington Hotel also remained closed afterwards.
Hopes of preserving parts of the hotel were abandoned when the remaining facade started to collapse during Storm Ciara in February 2020. The remainder of the hotel was subsequently demolished.

## Architecture

The hotel was a four-storey building with iron balconies. At No 7 the ground floor of the facade was cut away to provide the entrance to the Claremont Hotel. There was a porch at No.14 with Doric columns. The hotel contained a large conference room which could accommodate up to 150 people.
# Grădina

Grădina is a commune in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania.
The commune includes three villages:
* Grădina (historical names: Toxoff or Tocsof, Turkish: Dokuzsofu)
* Casian (historical name: Șeramet)
* Cheia (historical name: Chirișlic, Turkish: Kirişlik)

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Grădina had 973 Romanians (94.93%), 3 Turks (0.29%), 47 Tatars (4.59%), 2 others (0.20%).
# Almgren's isomorphism theorem

Almgren isomorphism theorem is a result in geometric measure theory and algebraic topology about the topology of the space of flat cycles in a Riemannian manifold.
The theorem plays a fundamental role in the Almgren–Pitts min-max theory as it establishes existence of topologically non-trivial families of cycles, which were used by Frederick J. Almgren Jr., Jon T. Pitts and others to prove existence of (possibly singular) minimal submanifolds in every Riemannian manifold. In the special case of the space of null-homologous codimension 1 cycles with mod 2 coefficients on a closed Riemannian manifold Almgren isomorphism theorem implies that it is weakly homotopy equivalent to the infinite real projective space.

## Statement of the theorem

Let M be a Riemannian manifold. Almgren isomorphism theorem asserts that the m-th homotopy group of the space of flat k-dimensional cycles in M is isomorphic to the (m+k)-th dimensional homology group of M. This result is a generalization of the Dold–Thom theorem, which can be thought of as the k=0 case of Almgren's (1962a (ver. PhD thesis),1962b (ver. Topology (Elsevier)) theorem. The isomorphism is defined as follows. Let G be an abelian group and $Z_{k}(M;G)$ denote the space of flat cycles with coefficients in group G. To each family of cycles $f:S^{m}\rightarrow Z_{k}(M;G)$ we associate an (m+k)-cycle C as follows. Fix a fine triangulation T of $S^{m}$. To each vertex v in the 0-skeletion of T we associate a cycle f(v). To each edge E in the 1-skeleton of T with ∂E=v-w we associate a (k+1)-chain with boundary f(v)-f(w) of minimal mass. We proceed this way by induction over the skeleton of T. The sum of all chains corresponding to m-dimensional faces of T will be the desired (m+k)-cycle C. Even though the choices of triangulation and minimal mass fillings were not unique, they all result in an (m+k)-cycle in the same homology class.
# Lodderena omanensis

Lodderena omanensis is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Oman.
# Lawrence Knapp

Laurence A. Knapp (May 30, 1905 – November 8, 1976) was an American field hockey player who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and 1936 Berlin, Germany.
He was born in Garden City, South Dakota as Laury Knapp, and died in Washington, D. C.
In 1932 he was a member of the American field hockey team, which won the bronze medal. He played two matches as forward.
Four years later he was a member of the American field hockey team, which lost all three matches in the preliminary round and did not advance. He played one match as forward.

## Early life and education

Knapp was the son of Clarence A. Knapp and his wife. He had a brother named Edward and a sister named Dorothy.
Knapp attended Yankton College in Yankton, South Dakota, where he was a member of the Yankton Greyhounds basketball team. He served as captain of the team for the 1924 season. He also played for the gridiron football team as a quarterback, and competed in track and field through the relay race and pole vault. He began serving as athletic manager of the college's students' association in 1923, and was elected its president the following year. In 1924, he was elected treasurer of the Order of DeMolay chapter at Yankton.
In 1927, Knapp was a law student at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. By 1932, he had moved to New York City and was working in a law firm.

## Sports career

In July 1932, Knapp was announced as a member of the United States men's national field hockey team for the 1932 Summer Olympics.

## Personal life

On August 2, 1941, Knapp married Kortryc Collier Stephen, who was originally from Cardiff in Wales. She was previously married to the Marquess d'Albizzi.
# Dean Blore

Dean Blore (born 29 September 1998) is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a five-eighth for the St George Illawarra Dragons in the NSW Cup.

## Background

Blore was born in Sydney, Australia. Blore played his junior rugby league for Brothers Penrith. He is of Samoan, New Zealand and Australian descent. He attended Hills Sports High School.

## Playing career

Blore was selected to represent the Junior Kiwis in 2018, playing against his brother Shawn, who represented the Junior Kangaroos.
Blore represented Samoa in the 2019 Rugby League World Cup 9s.

### Penrith Panthers

Blore was released at the end of the 2020 season.
# Hamza Sahli

Hamza Sahli (born 10 May 1993) is a Moroccan athlete who specializes in long-distance events. He won a bronze medal in half marathon at the 2019 African Games. Representing Morocco at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, he competed in men's marathon and finished 8th.
Sahli competed in the men's marathon at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Tijjani Abdulkadir Jobe

Tijjani Abdulkadir Jobe is a Nigerian politician. He is a current member of the House of Representatives, representing the Tofa, Dawakin-Tofa, and Rimingado Federal Constituency in Kano State in the 10th National Assembly.
# Kingston City

Kingston City was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1953. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1924 from parts of Kingston riding.
It consisted of the city of Kingston, Ontario, and the village of Portsmouth.
The electoral district was abolished in 1952 when it was merged into Kingston riding.

## Members of Parliament

This riding elected the following members of the House of Commons of Canada:
| Parliament | Years | Member | Party |
| Riding created from Kingston |||||
| 15th | 1925–1926 | Arthur Edward Ross | Conservative |
| 16th | 1926–1930 | Arthur Edward Ross | Conservative |
| 17th | 1930–1935 | Arthur Edward Ross | Conservative |
| 18th | 1935–1940 | Norman McLeod Rogers | Liberal |
| 19th | 1940–1940† | Norman McLeod Rogers | Liberal |
| 19th | 1940–1945 | Angus Lewis Macdonald | Liberal |
| 20th | 1945–1949 | Thomas Kidd | Progressive Conservative |
| 21st | 1949–1953 | William Henderson | Liberal |
| Riding dissolved into Kingston |||||

## Election results

vte1925 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Arthur Edward Ross | 6,765 |
| | Liberal | John Murdoch Campbell | 5,004 |
vte1926 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Arthur Edward Ross | 6,256 |
| | Liberal | James Halliday | 4,174 |
vte1930 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Arthur Edward Ross | 6,539 |
| | Liberal | James Halliday | 4,771 |
| Source: lop.parl.ca |||||||
vte1935 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | Norman McLeod Rogers | 6,897 |
| Conservative | Arthur Edward Ross | 5,979 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | John Alfred Compton | 373 |
vte1940 Canadian federal election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | Norman McLeod Rogers | 9,609 |
| | National Government | Thomas Kidd | 7,475 |
vteCanadian federal by-election, August 12, 1940 Death of Norman McLeod Rogers :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | Angus Lewis Macdonald | acclaimed |
vte1945 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Progressive Conservative | Thomas Kidd | 9,175 |
| Liberal | Hugh Plaxton | 7,588 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | William George Leonard | 1,271 |
vte1949 Canadian federal election :
| Candidate | Votes |
| Liberal | William Henderson | 10,045 |
| Progressive Conservative | Thomas Kidd | 7,831 |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Henry Lennox Cartwright | 786 |
# Uganda at the African Games

Uganda (UGA) has competed in every African Games since the first in 1965. The country has taken part in every one of the games since. Athletes from Uganda have won a total of eighty-seven medals, including twenty-two gold and twenty-one silver.

## Participation

Uganda first entered the African Games (then called the All-African Games) in 1965. The team achieved a single silver medla. The country returned the following tournament, and came away with six gold, three silver and three bronze medals. Uganda has since taken part in and won medals at each of the subsequent games. Involvement has not been smooth, however. In 2003, boxers Jolly Kotongole and Sadat Tebazalwa were almost barred from entering the tournament due to non-payment of affiliation fees. Only the actions of Ugandan boxing official Sande Musoke enabled the competition to happen when he surrendered his allowances to cover the costs.

## Medal tables
### Medals by Games

Below is a table representing all the medals won by Uganda at the Games.
| Games | Athletes | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Rank |
| 1965 Brazzaville | | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 14 |
| 1973 Lagos | | 6 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 4 |
| 1978 Algiers | | 3 | 6 | 5 | 14 | 9 |
| 1987 Nairobi | | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 9 |
| 1991 Cairo | | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 17 |
| 1995 Harare | | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 31 |
| 1999 Johannesburg | | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 15 |
| 2003 Abuja | | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 26 |
| 2007 Algiers | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 23 |
| 2011 Maputo | | 4 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 14 |
| 2015 Brazzaville | | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 26 |
| 2019 Rabat | | 0 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 28 |
| Total | Total | 22 | 21 | 44 | 87 | |