OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Oglethorpe Club

The Oglethorpe Club is a private gentlemen's club in Savannah, Georgia, United States. Established in 1870, it is the oldest such club in Georgia, and the seventh-oldest in the Southern United States, behind Cape Fear Club and ahead of The Athlestan Club. It is located at 450 Bull Street, immediately to the north of Forsyth Park.
According to Adelaide Wilson in Historic and Picturesque Savannah (1889), the club was organized on September 21, 1875. Twelve members were present. Its first president was George S. Owens. The club's maximum membership grew to 175 when The Chatham Club closed. Membership was 350 by 2024. Women are not allowed to be members, but can attend with her husband, as long as she wears a dress.
The club features the Flagstone and Colonial rooms for formal events, as well as a tavern. Cell phone use inside the building is prohibited.
It stands directly across Bull Street from the Armstrong House, the original owner of which—George Ferguson Armstrong—was a member of The Oglethorpe Club.
The Oglethorpe Club is named for General James Oglethorpe, who established the Savannah colony in 1733.

## Notable members

* George Ferguson Armstrong, businessman
* Sonny Seiler, attorney
An "unwritten rule" of the club is that members' money must be old, not new (that is, if you were not born with money, you were not permitted to become a member). It is for this reason that preservationist Jim Williams was not permitted to become a member. In retaliation, in 1967 Williams purchased Armstrong House across the street.

## Building

450 Bull Street, built in 1857 and also known as the Edmund Molyneux House, was designed by John S. Norris. Edmund Molyneux was consul at Savannah from 1832 to 1862. After the Civil War, the house was purchased by Henry R. Jackson.
# Severin Ottiger

Severin Ottiger (born 20 April 2003) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Luzern.

## Career

Ottiger is a youth product of SC Eich, before moving to the youth academy of Luzern in 2016. In 2020, he started training with Luzern's reserves. In July 2021, he was promoted to Luzern's senior team for their campaign in the Swiss Super League. He made his professional debut with Luzern in a 2–0 Swiss Super League win over Servette on 18 December 2021. On 28 April 2023, he extended his contract with Luzern until 2027.

## International career

Ottiger is a youth international for Switzerland. He was called up to the Switzerland U21s in 2023.
# Zebron Kalima

Zebron Kalima (born 13 May 2002) is a Malawian professional footballer who plays as a winger for the Malawian club Silver Strikers, and the Malawi national team.

## International career

Kalima made his international debut with the Malawi national team in a 2–1 friendly win over Comoros on 31 December 2021. He was part of the Malawi squad the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.
# Roman Petruk

Roman Petruk (Ukrainian: Роман Петрук; born 9 November 2003) is a Ukrainian high jumper. He received a bronze medal at the 2021 Summer World University Games and a silver at the 2023 European Athletics U23 Championships.
As of July 2024, Petruck is currently serving a 16-month competition ban due to an anti-doping violation.

## Career

Petruk won the bronze medal at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival, reaching 2.10 meters.
He also competed at the 2021 European Athletics U20 Championships and the 2021 World Athletics U20 Championships, among other competitions, without reaching the medals. He was runner-up at Ukrainian National Championships in September 2022 in Lutsk.
In February 2023, Petruk achieved his personal best jump of 2.26 meters. In August, he won silver medal at the 2023 European Athletics U20 Championships, where he reached 2.19 meters, sharing the runner-up spot with compatriot Oleh Doroshchuk on count-back. Later that month, he competed at the delayed 2021 Summer World University Games held in Chengdu in August 2023, where he won a bronze medal, reaching 2.20 meters.

## Doping violation

In May 2024, Petruk was issued with a 16-month competition ban after testing positive for torasemide in contravention of anti-doping rules. All of his results from 18 December 2023 were disqualified and his ban will run from Dec 2023 to June 2025.
# Yumana language

Yumana (Jumana, Xomana, Ximana) is an extinct, poorly attested, and unclassified Arawakan language. Kaufman (1994) placed it in his Río Negro branch, but this is not followed in Aikhenvald (1999).
# Brazil national rugby league team

The Brazil national rugby league team represents Brazil in the sport of rugby league. The nation made its international debut at the inaugural Latin American Rugby League Championship held in Los Ángeles, Chile in November 2017, losing to the hosts in their first international match. The team are currently ranked 29th as of December 2024, in the IRL World Rankings.

## Competitive record

| Opponent | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Last meeting |
| Argentina | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2022 |
| Chile | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2022 |
| Colombia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2022 |
| Peru | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2020 |
| Philippines | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2021 |
| South Africa | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2022 |
| Uruguay | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2021 |
| Total | 11 | 7 | 0 | 4 | |

## IRL Rankings

IRL Men's World Rankingsvte :
| Official rankings as of December 2024 ||||
| Rank | Change | Team | Pts % |
| 1 | | Australia | 100 |
| 2 | | New Zealand | 86 |
| 3 | | England | 84 |
| 4 | 1 | Tonga | 63 |
| 5 | 1 | Samoa | 54 |
| 6 | 1 | Papua New Guinea | 53 |
| 7 | 1 | Fiji | 44 |
| 8 | | France | 30 |
| 9 | 2 | Serbia | 23 |
| 10 | | Cook Islands | 22 |
| 11 | 1 | Netherlands | 22 |
| 12 | 5 | Wales | 18 |
| 13 | 2 | Malta | 17 |
| 14 | 6 | Ukraine | 13 |
| 15 | 1 | Greece | 12 |
| 16 | 7 | Lebanon | 12 |
| 17 | 4 | Italy | 11 |
| 18 | 2 | Ireland | 9 |
| 19 | 1 | Jamaica | 8 |
| 20 | 1 | Czech Republic | 8 |
| 21 | 2 | Chile | 8 |
| 22 | 3 | Scotland | 7 |
| 23 | 4 | Philippines | 7 |
| 24 | 7 | United States | 7 |
| 25 | 1 | Poland | 5 |
| 26 | 2 | South Africa | 5 |
| 27 | 5 | Germany | 5 |
| 28 | 3 | Norway | 5 |
| 29 | 4 | Brazil | 4 |
| 30 | 4 | Kenya | 4 |
| 31 | 10 | Canada | 4 |
| 32 | | Montenegro | 4 |
| 33 | 2 | North Macedonia | 3 |
| 34 | 15 | Argentina | 3 |
| 35 | 5 | Albania | 2 |
| 36 | | Bulgaria | 2 |
| 37 | 7 | Ghana | 2 |
| 38 | 9 | Nigeria | 2 |
| 39 | 5 | Turkey | 1 |
| 40 | 3 | Cameroon | 1 |
| 41 | 2 | Japan | 1 |
| 42 | 4 | Spain | 1 |
| 43 | 1 | Colombia | 1 |
| 44 | 1 | El Salvador | 0 |
| 45 | | Russia | 0 |
| 46 | 1 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0 |
| 47 | 3 | Hong Kong | 0 |
| 48 | 3 | Solomon Islands | 0 |
| 49 | 8 | Vanuatu | 0 |
| 50 | | Niue | 0 |
| 51 | 1 | Latvia | 0 |
| 52 | 2 | Denmark | 0 |
| 53 | 2 | Belgium | 0 |
| 54 | 4 | Estonia | 0 |
| 55 | 9 | Sweden | 0 |
| 56 | 12 | Morocco | 0 |
| 57 | 9 | Hungary | 0 |
| Complete rankings at INTRL.SPORT ||||
# Rick Sentes

Rick Sentes (born January 10, 1947) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 337 games in the World Hockey Association (WHA). He played with the Ottawa Nationals, Toronto Toros, San Diego Mariners, and Calgary Cowboys.

## Awards

* CMJHL First All-Star Team – 1967
# Friedrich Mallinckrodt

Leutnant Friedrich von Mallinckrodt (15 August 1894 – 2 August 1941) was a German World War I test pilot and flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

## Biography
### Early life

Friedrich von Mallinckrodt was born on 15 August 1894 in Essen, the German Empire.

### Military service

Friedrich von Mallinckrodt served in the infantry in the 70th Regiment of Foot, in which he enlisted before the war. In May 1915 he was commissioned as a Leutnant. On 6 July 1915 he transferred to the Luftstreitkräfte.
On 12 December 1915 he was the pilot on the first test flight of the Junkers J 1, the world's first all-metal aircraft.
After training, beginning in January 1916, he served in the 5th Kagohl, a tactical bomber wing. By April 1916, he was transferred to an ad hoc fighter unit, Kampfeinsitzerkommando Sivry (Combat Single-Seater Command Sivry). While near Verdun on 30 April, he claimed his first enemy aircraft shot down; the victory went unconfirmed. On 10 September, he was posted to a fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 6. He would not score his first official victory until 28 October 1916, when he downed a Caudron over Villeselve. Once returned to Jasta 6, he had another unconfirmed victory on 30 December 1916.
Mallinckrodt scored his second confirmed win, over a Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter on 4 January 1917. His combat career was interrupted by a brief stint as an instructor at the Jastaschule at Valenciennes. He then transferred to another fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 20. In March 1917, he got four confirmed victories in an eight-day stretch, to bring his total tally to six. On 30 April, he was wounded for the fifth time; this one was severe enough to remove him from combat duty. After recovery, he was assigned to the Technical Commission of the Luftstreitkräfte for the remainder of the war.
Friedrich Mallinckrodt was awarded the Knight's Cross of the House Order of Hohenzollern. As German medals were awarded in a progressive fashion, this meant that he almost certainly won both classes of the Iron Cross. Also, five wounds should have qualified him for the Wound Badge.

### Later life

Following WWI, Mallinckrodt was employed by Fokker as a test pilot. He began an affair with Anthony Fokker's wife Elisabeth "Tetta" von Morgen, precipitating Fokker to divorce her on 11 October 1923. Mallinckrodt and Tetta were married in Berlin on 18 December 1923, but their marriage lasted only two years.
During the Second World War he served as a Major at the Luftwaffe Air Force Test Center at Rechlin–Lärz Airfield. He died in a plane crash on 2 August 1941 northeast of Rechlin and was buried in the Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery.
# Nick Zito

Nicholas Philip Zito (born February 6, 1948, in New York City, New York) is an American Thoroughbred horse trainer.
Zito began his career as a hot walker and worked his way up to a groom, to an assistant trainer, and to a trainer. His first top level horse was Thirty Six Red with which he won the 1990 Grade 1 Wood Memorial Stakes and earned a second-place finish in that year's Belmont Stakes. Nick Zito went on to win the Preakness once, and the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes twice. He got his big break in 1991 when he won his first Kentucky Derby on Strike the Gold.
He was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 2005, a year that his stable won more than $8 million in purses. Zito has also trained the 1996 U.S. Champion2-Year-Old Filly Storm Song as well as Bird Town who was voted the 2003 U.S. Champion 3-Year-Old Filly.
Nick Zito is a National Spokesperson and Honorary Director of the National Horse Protection Coalition. Zito and his wife, Kim, advocates for the just treatment of horses and are involved with the Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation.
Currently 2023 Nick Zito has partnered up with businessman, Robert S DiPippo. They have formed a company ZD Racing and horse management.
Other Graded stakes race wins (partial list):
* Blue Grass Stakes : 1991, 1998, 2004
* Brooklyn Handicap (2001, 2006)
* Champagne Stakes : 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2007
* Florida Derby : 2005, 2010, 2011
* Jockey Club Gold Cup : 2000
* Kentucky Oaks : 2003
* Pimlico Special Handicap : 1992, 1996
* Wood Memorial Stakes : 1990, 1999, 2005
# Schumacher Kuwali

Schumacher Kuwali (born 27 June 1996) is a Malawian football midfielder who currently plays for Blue Eagles. He has also played for two clubs in Mozambique, Ferroviário de Nampula and UD Songo. Making his international debut for Malawi in 2016, he scored his first international goal at the 2021 COSAFA Cup.
# Mezgebu Sime

Mezgebu Sime (born 7 October 2005) is an Ethiopian long distance runner.

## Career

Mezgebu has won the Ethiopian under-20 title over 5000 metres. He finished sixth at the Great Ethiopian Run in a time of 29:00 in November 2023.
In March 2024, he won silver in the U20 individual and in the team U20 race at the 2024 World Athletics Cross Country Championships in Serbia.
# Loja CD

Loja Club Deportivo is a Spanish football team based in Loja, Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1968 it currently plays in División de Honor – Group 1, holding home matches at Estadio Medina Lauxa, with a 1,250-seat capacity.

## History
### Club background

* Loja Club de Fútbol (1969–71)
* Club Deportivo Loja (1971–85)
* Loja Club Deportivo (1985–)

## Season to season

| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 1968–69 | 4 | 1ª Reg. | 1st |
| 1969–70 | 4 | 1ª Reg. | 5th |
| 1970–71 | 4 | 1ª Reg. | 18th |
| 1971–72 | 4 | 1ª Reg. | 8th |
| 1972–73 | 4 | 1ª Reg. | 15th |
| 1973–74 | 4 | 1ª Reg. | 16th |
| 1974–75 | 4 | 1ª Reg. | 11th |
| 1975–76 | 5 | 1ª Reg. | 9th |
| 1976–77 | 5 | 1ª Reg. | 8th |
| 1977–78 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 1st |
| 1978–79 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 11th |
| 1979–80 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 17th |
| 1980–81 | 4 | 3ª | 20th |
| 1981–82 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 2nd |
| 1982–83 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 2nd |
| 1983–84 | 4 | 3ª | 17th |
| 1984–85 | 4 | 3ª | 18th |
| 1985–86 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 10th |
| 1986–87 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 16th |
| 1987–88 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 15th |
| Season | Tier | Division | Place |
| 1988–89 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 3rd |
| 1989–90 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 10th |
| 1990–91 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 9th |
| 1991–92 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 7th |
| 1992–93 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 9th |
| 1993–94 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 14th |
| 1994–95 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 16th |
| 1995–96 | 6 | 1ª Reg. | 4th |
| 1996–97 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 2nd |
| 1997–98 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 4th |
| 1998–99 | 5 | Reg. Pref. | 1st |
| 1999–2000 | 4 | 3ª | 12th |
| 2000–01 | 4 | 3ª | 10th |
| 2001–02 | 4 | 3ª | 15th |
| 2002–03 | 4 | 3ª | 6th |
| 2003–04 | 4 | 3ª | 10th |
| 2004–05 | 4 | 3ª | 17th |
| 2005–06 | 4 | 3ª | 15th |
| 2006–07 | 4 | 3ª | 17th |
| 2007–08 | 4 | 3ª | 17th |
| Season | Tier | Division | Place | Copa del Rey |
| 2008–09 | 4 | 3ª | 9th | |
| 2009–10 | 4 | 3ª | 9th | |
| 2010–11 | 4 | 3ª | 3rd | |
| 2011–12 | 4 | 3ª | 1st | |
| 2012–13 | 3 | 2ª B | 19th | First round |
| 2013–14 | 4 | 3ª | 4th | |
| 2014–15 | 4 | 3ª | 5th | |
| 2015–16 | 4 | 3ª | 3rd | |
| 2016–17 | 4 | 3ª | 6th | |
| 2017–18 | 4 | 3ª | 9th | |
| 2018–19 | 4 | 3ª | 7th | |
| 2019–20 | 4 | 3ª | 10th | |
| 2020–21 | 4 | 3ª | 9th / 5th | |
| 2021–22 | 6 | Div. Hon. | 17th | |
| 2022–23 | 7 | 1ª And. | 2nd | |
| 2023–24 | 6 | Div. Hon. | 8th | |
| 2024–25 | 6 | Div. Hon. | | |
* 1 season in Segunda División B
* 24 seasons in Tercera División
# List of Florida Complex League team rosters

Below are the full rosters and coaching staff of the 15 teams of Minor League Baseball's Florida Complex League.
# HD 124099

HD 124099 (HR 5306; NSV 20066; 7 G. Apodis) is a solitary orange-hued star located in the southern circumpolar constellation Apus. It has an average apparent magnitude of 6.47, placing it very close to the limit for naked eye visibility, even under ideal conditions. The object is located relatively far at a distance of approximately 2,030 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −10.2 km/s. At its current distance, HD 124099's average brightness is diminished by 0.47 magnitudes due to interstellar extinction and it has an absolute magnitude of −2.10.
HD 124099 has a stellar classification of K2 IIp, indicating that it is an evolved K-type bright giant with peculiarities in its spectrum; the peculiarity being that it has either a very weak or no G-band in its spectrum. It has 4.22 times the mass of the Sun but it has expanded to 71.4 times the radius of the Sun. It radiates 1,545 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,426 K. However, Gaia DR3 stellar evolution models give a larger radius of 99.4 R$_☉$ and a higher luminosity of 2,926 L$_☉$. HD 124099 is metal deficient with an iron abundance 61.2% that of the Sun's ([Fe/H] = −0.21) and it spins modestly with a projected rotational velocity of 5.6 km/s. The star is suspected to be a semiregular variable of the SRD subtype and it ranges from 6.46 to 6.49 within 528 days.
# Doug Acomb

Douglas Raymond Acomb (born May 15, 1949) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played 2 games in the National Hockey League with the Toronto Maple Leafs during the 1969–70 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1969 to 1976, was mainly spent in the senior Ontario Hockey Association.

## Playing career

Acomb played two games in the NHL for the Toronto Maple Leafs managing one assist. He later played in amateur senior hockey for the Barrie Flyers.

## Post-retirement

He later lived in Markham, Ontario with his wife, four daughters, and two sons. He worked as a high school teacher and hockey coach.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1965–66 | York Steel | MetJBHL | 40 | 26 | 32 | 58 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1965–66 | Toronto Marlboros | OHA | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 1966–67 | Toronto Marlboros | OHA | 43 | 20 | 18 | 38 | 41 | 17 | 11 | 9 | 20 | 22 |
| 1966–67 | Toronto Marlboros | M-Cup | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 10 | 8 | 18 | 23 |
| 1967–68 | Toronto Marlboros | OHA | 52 | 22 | 44 | 66 | 51 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| 1967–68 | Toronto Marlboros | OHA Sr | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1968–69 | Toronto Marlboros | OHA | 54 | 55 | 38 | 93 | 71 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 1969–70 | Toronto Maple Leafs | NHL | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1969–70 | Tulsa Oilers | CHL | 52 | 17 | 22 | 39 | 34 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 1969–70 | Buffalo Bisons | AHL | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1970–71 | Phoenix Roadrunners | WHL | 69 | 9 | 16 | 25 | 15 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| 1971–72 | Barrie Flyers | OHA Sr | 39 | 37 | 41 | 78 | 53 | 18 | 15 | 7 | 22 | 6 |
| 1971–72 | Barrie Flyers | Al-Cup | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 4 |
| 1972–73 | Barrie Flyers | OHA Sr | 40 | 34 | 39 | 73 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1973–74 | Barrie Flyers | OHA Sr | 35 | 22 | 33 | 55 | 22 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1973–74 | Barrie Flyers | Al-Cup | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 9 |
| 1974–75 | Wiener EV | AUT | 25 | 27 | 16 | 43 | 75 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1974–75 | Port Huron Flags | IHL | 6 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 4 |
| 1975–76 | Barrie Flyers | OHA Sr | 44 | 33 | 42 | 75 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1975–76 | Barrie Flyers | Al-Cup | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| OHA Sr totals | OHA Sr totals | OHA Sr totals | 159 | 128 | 156 | 284 | 143 | 18 | 15 | 7 | 22 | 6 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
# Jack Winchester (rugby union)

Jack Winchester (born 22 June 2000 in Australia) is an Australian rugby union player who plays for the Force in Super Rugby. His playing position is hooker. He was named in the Force squad for the 2021 Super Rugby AU season. He made his Super Rugby debut in Round 1 of the 2021 Super Rugby AU season against the Brumbies, coming on as a replacement.
# Péter Balázs (canoeist)

Péter Balázs is a Hungarian sprint canoeist who has competed since 2006. He won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (C-4 200 m: 2007, C-4 500 m: 2007) and one bronze (C-4 200 m: 2006).
# Edward Cadogan (rower)

Edward Cadogan (1833–1890) was a British clergyman and rower who won Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta.
Cadogan was born at Caerfyrddin Sain Pedr, Carmarthenshire, Wales, the son of Colonel Edward Cadogan and his wife Virginie de Beaumassoir. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford and was a rower at the university. In 1854 he partnered Walter Francis Short to win Silver Goblets at Henley. In 1855 the pair were runners up in Silver Goblets to A. A. Casamajor and Josias Nottidge.
Cadogan took holy orders and in 1872 became Rural Dean and Rector of Wicken, Northamptonshire. He added a new wing at the Rectory at cost of £300 in 1873, not long after his arrival in the parish. Cadogan was concerned with the village school which, in 1875, he claimed that he found 'struggling into life and health'. Within three years Cadogan placed it on a sound footing and there were about 80 children on the books. He appealed for increased subscriptions and threatened a school board if these were not forthcoming. He offered to hand the management over to the subscribers or their elected representatives.
Cadogan killed himself at his Rectory in Wicken on 16 April 1890, an inquest jury returned a verdict of "suicide whilst temporarily insane".
Cadogan married Alice Smith in 1856. Their daughter Blanche Ann married Sir William Carlile, MP for Buckingham. Their son, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Osbert Samuel Cadogan, 1st Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, was killed in action on 30 October 1914. A grandson, Edward Henry Cadogan, played first-class cricket for Hampshire. Cadogan's second daughter Edith Elise married fellow author and yachtsman Francis Cowper; their eldest son Frank Cadogan Cowper became a noted artist.
# Petrol engine

A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as E10 and E85). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher octane rating, as sold at petrol stations.
Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which run on diesel fuel and typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio.

## History

The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nicolaus August Otto and Eugen Langen, although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir in 1860, Siegfried Marcus in 1864 and George Brayton in 1873.

## Design
### Thermodynamic cycle

Most petrol engines use either the four-stroke Otto cycle or the two-stroke cycle. Petrol engines have also been produced using the Miller cycle and Atkinson cycle.

### Layout

Most petrol-powered piston engines are straight engines or V engines. However, flat engines, W engines and other layouts are sometimes used.
Wankel engines are classified by the number of rotors used.

### Cooling

Petrol engines are either air-cooled or water-cooled.

### Ignition

Petrol engines use spark ignition. High voltage for the spark this may be provided by a magneto or an ignition coil. In modern car engines, the ignition timing is managed by an electronic Engine Control Unit. Ignition modules can also function as a rev limiter in some cases to prevent overrevving and the consequences of it, such as valve float and connecting rod failure.

### Primer

Primers may be used to help start the engine. They can draw fuel from fuel tanks and vaporize fuel directly into piston cylinders. Engines are difficult to start during cold weather, and the fuel primer helps because otherwise there will not be enough heat available to vaporize the fuel in the carburetor.

## Power output and efficiency

The power output of small- and medium-sized petrol engines (along with equivalent engines using other fuels) is usually measured in kilowatts or horsepower.
Typically, petrol engines have a thermodynamic efficiency of about 20-30% (approximately half that of some diesel engines).

## Applications

Applications of petrol engines include automobiles, motorcycles, aircraft, motorboats and small engines (such as lawn mowers, chainsaws and portable generators). Petrol engines have also been used as "pony engines", a type of engine used to start a larger, stationary diesel engine.