OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cross (boxing)

In boxing, a straight or cross (also commonly called a rear hand punch) are punches usually thrown with the dominant hand and are power punches like the uppercut and hook. Compubox, a computerized punch scoring system, counts the straight and cross as power punches.
The Straight/Cross remains one of the most common methods of knockout across combat sports including boxing, kickboxing, and MMA.

## Technique

From the guard position, the rear hand is thrown from the chin, travelling towards the target in a straight line. The rear shoulder comes forward and finishes touching the outside of the chin. For cover, the lead hand can be retracted and tucked against the face to protect the inside of the chin. For additional power, the torso and hips rotate counterclockwise (for right-hand dominant, and clockwise for left-hand dominant) as the straight/cross is thrown. Weight is also transferred from the rear foot to the lead foot, resulting in the rear heel turning outwards to transfer weight. Body rotation and the sudden weight transfer is what gives the straight/cross its power.
If it is thrown the instant an opponent leads with the same side hand, the blow crosses over the leading arm, hence its name. If the rear hand instead travels inside the opponent's guard, it is a straight.
It is commonly used to set up a hook. The straight/cross can also follow a jab, creating the classic "one-two combo". A variation of this is a corkscrew punch where it travels in same angle as hook but keep arm fully extended and flick your wrist to first 2 knuckles.
* A right cross (as it is traveling over the guard)
* A left straight punch from a Southpaw
* A straight in counterpunch. Were this over the jab, it would be considered a cross.
# Doug Fleming

Douglas Norman Fleming (1930–1998) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. A goal-kicking fullback, he played in NSWRFL for Sydney's St. George club, winning the 1949 and 1956 Premierships with them. Fleming also played for Dapto's rugby league club. He was the son of the former St. George Dragons halfback Norm Fleming.

## Playing career

In 1949 Fleming started playing in the NSWRFL's first grade premiership for St. George, forcing the club's Test fullback Noel Pidding onto the wing. At the end of the 1949 NSWRFL season he played for St. George at fullback in their grand final victory.
Fleming was the 1955 NSWRFL season's top point-scorer. In 1956 he represented Sydney against the New Zealand Māori rugby league team.
Fleming was also the 1956 NSWRFL season's top point scorer with a personal best 189 points, and he played at fullback in St. George's 1956 Grand Final victory.
After 8 seasons in first grade at St. George, the 1957 NSWRFL season was the last to feature Fleming.
# Vernon Fredericks

Vernon John Fredericks (born 7 July 1990) is a former New Zealand rugby union player who played for Tasman in the Bunnings NPC competition. His position was flanker.

## Tasman

Fredericks made his debut for Tasman in 2010, playing at hooker, but then converted to flanker. Throughout his years at the Mako, Fredericks made many appearances for the franchise and in 2017 he played in his 50th game for the side against Otago in a 27–29 win for Tasman. Fredericks made a further 6 appearances for the Mako before in Round 1 of the 2018 Mitre 10 Cup when the Mako played Canterbury, Fredericks suffered a season ending injury after just eight minutes on the field.

## Super Rugby

Fredericks made his debut for the Crusaders in 2017 when they played the Chiefs in Suva, Fiji. He came into the squad as a replacement for the injured Matt Todd and became Crusader number 213 with just seven minutes remaining in the match with the Chiefs having just scored a try. The Crusaders however did win the match 24-31.
# Robert W. Faid

Robert W. Faid (April 30, 1929 – May 30, 2008) was an American author, numerologist and former nuclear engineer from Greenville, South Carolina. He held a master's degree in theology from Coatesville Bible College. Faid was an agnostic in his early life and converted to Christianity after recovery from cancer.
Faid is listed as the inventor on two 1977 United States patents relating to improvements in the construction of concrete structures such as containment buildings for nuclear power plants.

### Ig Nobel Prize

In 1993, Faid was awarded the Ig Nobel prize for Mathematics for calculating the exact odds (710,609,175,188,282,000 to 1) that Mikhail Gorbachev is the Antichrist, based on his 1988 book Gorbachev! Has the Real Antichrist Come?
On hearing about the award, Faid said "It's a serious book, not a joke... mathematically minded people use numbers to answer many questions, even questions that are not overtly mathematical."
# 1962–63 Swedish Division I season

The 1962–63 Swedish Division I season was the 19th season of Swedish Division I. Djurgardens IF won the league title by finishing first in the final round.

## First round
### Northern Group

| | Team | GP | W | T | L | +/- | P |
| 1 | Skellefteå AIK | 14 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 63–35 | 21 |
| 2 | Leksands IF | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 63–47 | 20 |
| 3 | AIK | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 55–43 | 20 |
| 4 | Wifsta/Östrands IF | 14 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 50–43 | 19 |
| 5 | Alfredshems IK | 14 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 63–41 | 15 |
| 6 | Mora IK | 14 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 53–58 | 9 |
| 7 | Morgårdshammars IF | 14 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 38–67 | 4 |
| 8 | Gävle GIK | 14 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 40–73 | 4 |

### Southern Group

| | Team | GP | W | T | L | +/- | P |
| 1 | Västra Frölunda IF | 14 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 96–42 | 24 |
| 2 | Djurgårdens IF | 14 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 73–44 | 22 |
| 3 | Brynäs IF | 14 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 81–51 | 19 |
| 4 | Södertälje SK | 14 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 51–58 | 16 |
| 5 | Västerås IK | 14 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 50–54 | 12 |
| 6 | IFK Bofors | 14 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 51–67 | 9 |
| 7 | Grums IK | 14 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 39–78 | 7 |
| 8 | Almtuna IS | 14 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 34–81 | 3 |

## Qualification round

| | Team | GP | W | T | L | +/- | P |
| 1 | Alfredshems IK | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 36–16 | 12 |
| 2 | Västerås IK | 7 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 28–23 | 10 |
| 3 | IFK Bofors | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 28–29 | 8 |
| 4 | Gävle GIK | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 25–26 | 6 |
| 5 | Almtuna IS | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 27–29 | 6 |
| 6 | Mora IK | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 26–33 | 6 |
| 7 | Morgårdshammars IF | 7 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 25–29 | 4 |
| 8 | Grums IK | 7 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 25–35 | 4 |

## Final round

| | Team | GP | W | T | L | +/- | P |
| 1 | Djurgårdens IF | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 43–17 | 11 |
| 2 | Skellefteå AIK | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 27–19 | 11 |
| 3 | Södertälje SK | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 28–30 | 9 |
| 4 | Leksands IF | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 30–23 | 8 |
| 5 | Västra Frölunda IF | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 33–28 | 7 |
| 6 | Brynäs IF | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 28–39 | 5 |
| 7 | AIK | 7 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 24–38 | 4 |
| 8 | Wifsta/Östrands IF | 7 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 14–33 | 1 |
# Advent of Code

Advent of Code is an annual set of Christmas-themed computer programming challenges that follow an Advent calendar. It has been running since 2015.
The programming puzzles cover a variety of skill sets and skill levels and can be solved using any programming language. Participants also compete based on speed on both global and private leaderboards.
The event was founded and is maintained by software engineer Eric Wastl.

## History

Advent of Code was created by Wastl, who is still the sole maintainer of the project.
The event was initially launched on December 1, 2015. By midnight EST (UTC−05:00), 81 people had signed up for the event, going slightly over Wastl's planned 70-participant capacity. Within 12 hours, about 4,000 people had joined, nearly causing a system crash. After 48 hours, there were about 15,000 people, and by the end of the 2015 event, the total had risen to 52,000.
In 2020, perhaps due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event saw a 50% growth in traffic, with over 180,000 participants worldwide.
On December 4, 2022, Wastl announced that the project had reached 1,000,000 registered users.

## Puzzle design

Puzzles consist of two parts that must be solved in order, with the second part not revealed to the user until the first part is solved correctly. Participants are awarded one gold star for completing each part of a daily puzzle.
Each puzzle contains a fictional backstory that is the same for all participants, but each person receives a different piece of input data and should generate a different correct result.
Puzzles are released on a daily schedule from December 1 to December 25 at midnight EST. There is no time limit to complete the puzzles, and puzzles from past years' events remain available to solve.
Some participants have used tools such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT to assist in solving the puzzles. In 2023, Wastl requested that users abstain from using these tools to solve the puzzles in an unattended fashion until after the leaderboard has been filled for the day, stating that "the leaderboards are for human competitors".

## Preparations

According to a comment in the HTML code on each page of the event's website, Advent of Code runs using custom Perl code. Wastl built almost the entire website himself, including the design, animations, prose, and puzzles. (He relies on other services for authentication, analytics, and social media integrations.)
Each year, Wastl creates and tests the 25 puzzles in advance. This takes 4–5 months of work each year.
# James Donaldson

James Donaldson may refer to:
* James Donaldson (classical scholar) (1831–1915), Scottish classical scholar, and educational and theological writer
* James Donaldson (basketball) (born 1957), retired professional English-American basketball player
* James Donaldson (publisher) (1751–1830), publisher of the Edinburgh Advertiser; founder of Donaldson's Hospital
* James Donaldson (rugby league) (born 1991), English rugby league player
* James Donaldson (cricketer) (born 1943), English cricketer
* James A. Donaldson (1941–2019), American mathematician
* James Lowry Donaldson (1814–1885), American soldier and author
* Jamie Donaldson (born 1975), Welsh golfer
* Jimmy Donaldson (born 1998), American YouTuber
# Anglo–Swedish skirmish (1695)

The Anglo–Swedish skirmish refers to an incident where the Swedish ship Livland, commanded by Per Olofsson refused to salute two English ships, respectively the Burlington and the Siren. His refusal led to a skirmish and the subsequent damaging of the Livland

## Skirmish

On the way towards Portugal with a delayed convoy, Captain Per Olofsson of the Livland encountered the two English ships, the Burlington and the Siren. The English ships ordered the Livland to strike its mizzen sail, even though he had already, according to international practice, fired Swedish recognition signals, namely two cannon shots.
Olofsson promptly refused to do so, and drank the king's toast in wine with his officers while the Livland prepared for battle. Olofsson also made a promise with his officers to fight until the last man.
After a short but intense battle, during which several Swedes were killed and wounded, the Livland gave up and was taken into Plymouth.

## Aftermath

After some time, the Livland was freed. However, the captain, Per Olofsson, was accused in front of the Swedish Admiralty court for giving his ship up. Initially, he was sentenced to death, but he was later pardoned by Charles XII.
# Esther Erb

Esther Erb Atkins (born April 20, 1986) is an American long-distance runner. She competed in the marathon event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China.

## Major races

Erb placed 24th in the marathon event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China.
Erb won the 2014 USA Marathon Championships at the Twin Cities Marathon and qualified for the 2016 U.S. Olympic Trials in Los Angeles, California.
Erb placed 27th in the U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials on January 14, 2012, in Houston, and 11th in the U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials on February 13, 2016, in Los Angeles.

## Collegiate career

Erb was an NCAA Division III 10,000M champion, six time NCAA All-American and two-time Academic All-American while competing at Case Western Reserve University. After graduating from Case Western, she spent two years as a Fulbright teaching fellow in Austria.
Erb was a professional runner from ZAP Fitness from 2010 - 2013. She won the Tallahassee Marathon in 2014 with a time of 2:46:28.
Erb worked as an assistant cross country and distance coach at Rider University from 2013 - 2015. She joined the Appalachian State University athletics department in 2015.
# Marius (play)

Marius is a 1929 play by the French writer Marcel Pagnol. It takes place in Marseilles, where a young man named Marius working in a café dreams of going to sea, his obsession eventually overcoming his developing romance with Fanny, a local girl.
Two years later a British version Sea Fever by John Van Druten was staged unsuccessfully in the West End. The same year Pagnol wrote a sequel Fanny.

## Film adaptation

In 1931 the play was turned into a film Marius directed by Alexander Korda for the French subsidiary of Paramount Pictures with a screenplay written by Pagnol himself. The Golden Anchor (German: Zum goldenen Anker), a 1932 film by Alexander Korda, is the German-language version of the 1931 film Marius. In 1938 this was remade as an American film Port of Seven Seas by James Whale. In 2013 it was remade by Daniel Auteuil.

## Cast recording

An audio cast recording of select scenes, with minor rewritings, was made at the studios Pelouze in Paris in March 1932 and on 2 and 14 December 1933 for Columbia Records by the main cast (Pierre Fresnay, Orane Demazis, Raimu, Fernand Charpin, Paul Dullac, Robert Vattier, Henri Vilbert). It was later re-issued on compact disc.
# Martina Kohlová

Martina Kohlová (born 16 November 1984) is a Slovak sprint canoer who has competed since the late 2000s. She won three medals in the K-2 200 m event at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver in 2007 and two bronzes (2009, 2010).
Koholová was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-2 500 m event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.
# Lulewiczki

Lulewiczki (German: Neu Lülfitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Białogard, within Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Białogard and 115 km (71 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Michael Newberry (artist)

Michael Newberry is an American painter based in Idyllwild, California. He is a representational artist, blending a variety of influences, notably Rembrandt and the French Impressionists. His major works are typically life-sized canvases.

## Education and early career

He began painting at age 11, after discovering Rembrandt.
He studied fine arts at the University of Southern California from 1974 to 1977 and was mentored by American modernist Edgar Ewing.

## Teaching

He taught figure drawing, composition, and painting at the Otis/Parsons Institute in Los Angeles from 1990 to 1994.

## Advocacy

He created and organized the Foundation for the Advancement of Art, which held a conference "Innovation, Substance, Vision: The Future of Art" at the Pierre Hotel in Manhattan on October 6, 2003, featuring speakers: philosophers Stephen Hicks and David Kelley, vision scientist Jan Koenderick, and sculptor Martine Vaugel. The mission of the Foundation was to recognize and promote innovative, contemporary representational painters and sculptors.
# Bruce Lonsdale

Bruce Lonsdale (November 10, 1949 – January 22, 1982) was a Canadian politician. He represented the riding of Timiskaming in the House of Commons of Canada from 1980 until his death two years later. He was a member of the Liberal Party.
In 1973, Lonsdale was elected to the council of his hometown of Cobalt. He served as mayor from 1977 to 1980, before seeking the Liberal nomination for the federal riding of Timiskaming.
On the evening of January 22, 1982, Lonsdale died in a head-on collision on Highway 17, about 10 kilometers west of North Bay. He was 32 years old.
Lonsdale was married and had three children.
# Danil Chaban

Danil Chaban (born 8 July 1974) is a Russian luger. He competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Winter Olympics.
# Randy Hanson

Randy Allan Hanson (born January 17, 1968) is an American football coach who served as an assistant with the Minnesota Vikings, St. Louis Rams, and Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). Hanson was put on a paid leave of absence in August 2009 following an alleged incident with Head Coach Tom Cable in which Hanson suffered a broken jaw.

## Playing career

Hanson played quarterback at Stockton Delta Junior College in 1987, Walla Walla Community College from 1988 to 1989, and Pacific University (Forest Grove, Ore.) from 1990 to 1991.

## Coaching career
### College

Hanson began his coaching career as the assistant defensive backs coach at Eastern Washington University (1993–1995). He then became a graduate assistant coach on defense at the University of Washington (1996–1997) before returning to EWU as a secondary coach (1998–1999). From 2000 to 2002, he was the secondary coach at Portland State and added the role of special teams coordinator. (2001–2002)

### NFL

In 2003, Hanson was hired by Mike Tice as an offensive quality control coach for the Minnesota Vikings. In 2005, Hanson was promoted by the Minnesota Vikings to assistant quarterback coach. In 2006, Hanson was hired by Scott Linehan as an offensive quality control coach for the St. Louis Rams. In 2007, Hanson joined the Oakland Raiders, where he served under defensive coordinator Rob Ryan as an assistant secondary coach. In January 2009, the Oakland Raiders demoted Hanson to assistant coach-defense. On August 5, 2009, Hanson and Raiders head coach Tom Cable were involved in an altercation that resulted in the breaking of Hanson's jaw. Hanson was placed on paid administrative leave. On October 22, 2009, the Napa District Attorney announced that no charges would be filed against Cable, as Hanson's story was not consistent with the other three assistant coaches who were in the room with Hanson and Cable. Hanson was reassigned to the team's scouting department in December 2009.

### Later career

In 2011, he was an assistant under Dennis Green with the Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League. In 2012, he returned to college football as the defensive backs coach of the Cal Poly Mustangs. On August 5, 2012, he was arrested on suspicion of assault with a deadly weapon for striking a person with a beer bottle. The following day, the school suspended him indefinitely. He was convicted of felony battery and misdemeanor assault.
# Jim Paterson (rugby league)

Jim Paterson (born 1934 in Townsville, Queensland) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. An Australian international and Queensland interstate representative forward, he played club football throughout the state of Queensland during his career. He retired with the record for most games for North Queensland, having captained the side to victories over Great Britain and France.

## Biography

Paterson was born in Townsville in 1934. He attended South Townsville State School and became a South Townsville rugby league club junior.

### Playing career

Paterson made his first appearance for the South Townsville club's senior team in 1953. He represented Townsville in the Foley Shield competition. Whilst playing for Rockhampton in 1954 Paterson first represented North Queensland. Paterson moved to Toowoomba club Valleys where he was coached by former Kangaroo forward Herb Steinohrt. During this time he represented Toowoomba for two seasons.
After returning to Townsville in 1958 to captain-coach Souths, Paterson again played for North Queensland and was first selected for the Queensland Maroons, playing against arch-rivals New South Wales. The following year, he helped the Maroons to win the interstate series against New South Wales for the first time. Paterson was then selected for the Australian national team, becoming Kangaroo No. 343. and playing in all three Test matches in the series against New Zealand. At the end of the year he was selected to go on the 1959-60 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France. He played two Tests against France.
In 1960 Paterson joined Innisfail, who he captain-coached to victory in the Foley Shield and Paterson played for North Queensland, Queensland and Australia. The Test in Sydney against France featured five Queenslanders in the forward pack. The following year Paterson toured New Zealand with the Australian team, playing in both Tests against the Kiwis. This was after the Queensland team, of which he was now a fixture, retained the interstate crown against New South Wales. Paterson spent a third year in Innisfail but, instead of playing with all the clubs, he joined the Babinda Colts as coach. In 1963 the Herbert River coaching position lured Paterson to Ingham. Once again he represented North Queensland, including the match against New Zealand, and again went on to play for Queensland against the Blues. He returned to Townsville to coach Centrals and the Foley Shield team in 1964, taking his team to the Shield final. Paterson continued to play for North Queensland and Queensland until 1966 when he was again a member of Townsville's Foley Shield final team before retiring.

### Post playing

In 2008, Australian rugby league's centenary year, Paterson was named at second-row forward in a Queensland Rugby League Northern Division 'Team of the Century'.