OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Principles of Neural Science

First published in 1981 by McGraw-Hill, Principles of Neural Science is an influential neuroscience textbook edited by Columbia University professors Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell. The original edition was 468 pages; now on the sixth edition, the book has grown to 1646 pages. The second edition was published in 1985, third in 1991, fourth in 2000. The fifth was published on October 26, 2012 and included Steven A. Siegelbaum and A.J. Hudspeth as editors. The sixth and latest edition was published on March 8, 2021.

## Authors
### Editors

* Kandel was one of the recipients of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is currently a professor of biochemistry, molecular biophysics, physiology, cellular biophysics, and psychiatry at Columbia University. He is a senior investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and a recipient of the National Medal of Science.
* Schwartz was a professor of physiology, cellular biophysics, neurology, and psychiatry at Columbia University.
* Jessell became an editor of the book starting from the third edition. He was a professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics at Columbia University, and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
* Hudspeth is a professor of sensory neuroscience at Rockefeller University. He is also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
* Siegelbaum is Chair of the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia University and is also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

### Contributors

Including the editors—all of whom also contributed to individual chapters in the book—there are a total of 45 authors of this text. Included among them are several notable researchers and physicians. Several authors are also highly decorated scientists, including Nobel laureate Linda B. Buck and renowned neurophysiologist Roger M. Enoka.

## Content

Principles of Neural Science is often assigned as a textbook for many undergraduate and graduate/medical neuroscience and neurobiology courses. The book attempts to at least introduce every aspect of our most modern understanding of the brain. The sixth edition is divided into sixty-four chapters, organized into nine parts:
* Part I: Overall Perspective
* Part II: Cell and Molecular Biology of Cells of the Nervous System
* Part III: Synaptic Transmission
* Part IV: Perception
* Part V: Movement
* Part VI: The Biology of Emotion, Motivation, and Homeostasis
* Part VII: Development and the Emergence of Behavior
* Part VIII: Learning, Memory, Language and Cognition
* Part IX: Diseases of the Nervous System
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature

A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature is a collection of biographies of writers by John William Cousin (1849–1910), published in 1910. Most of the entries consist of only one paragraph but some entries, like William Shakespeare's, are quite lengthy.
The book was the 5,000th e-book provided by the Distributed Proofreaders project to Project Gutenberg, where it was released on August 21, 2004.
# Paulina Narbutaitė

Paulina Narbutaitė (born 15 April 1999) is a Lithuanian footballer who plays as a midfielder and has appeared for the Lithuania women's national team.

## Career

Narbutaitė has been capped for the Lithuania national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.
# Stump Lake (North Dakota)

Stump Lake is a naturally formed lake located in Nelson County, North Dakota. It covers 15,742.4 acres (6,370.7 ha), has 72.5 miles (116.7 km) of shoreline, and has an average depth of 29.7 feet (9.1 m) with a maximum depth of 73.3 feet (22.3 m). It is stocked by the North Dakota Department of Natural Resources with Walleye, Yellow Perch, and Northern Pike.
Stump Lake's waters have risen 45 feet (14 m) in the last few years, and are now at the levels of neighboring Devils Lake. Devil's Lake will overflow into Stump Lake if the surface level reaches 1,447 feet (441 m). Stump Lake, like Devil's Lake, is an endorheic (closed) lake, and has no input or output of rivers or streams, and is only fed by rain or human sources. If water levels exceed 1,458 feet (444 m) the combined lake would flow into the Sheyenne River. This has not occurred since lake levels in this area have been recorded.
Stump Lake Park is found around the lake and is solely dedicated to it. Local Native Americans have referred to the lake as "Chicot" which translates as "a place of stumps".
The Stump Lake Park is the location of the Old Settler's Pavilion, listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, which has been threatened by the rising water level.
# Van Hasselt's sunbird

Van Hasselt's sunbird (Leptocoma brasiliana), is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is found in Northeast India, Bangladesh and Southeast Asia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.

## Taxonomy

Van Hasselt's sunbird was described and illustrated in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson. He introduced the French name "Le grimpereau violet de Brésil" in the mistakenly belief that his specimen had been collected in Brazil. When the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin revised and expanded Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae in 1788 he included Van Hasselt's sunbird using Brisson's account. He placed it with the tree-creepers in the genus Certhia and coined the binomial name Certhia brasiliana. He specified the location as Brazil and cited Brisson's book. In 1825 the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck described and illustrated Van Hasselt's sunbird based on a specimen that had been collected on the island of Java by Johan Conrad van Hasselt. Temminck coined the binomial name Nectarinia hasseltii, choosing the specific epithet to honour the collector. Under the rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature Gmelin's epithet has priority and Temminck's name is a junior synonym. The type location has been redesignated as Java.
Van Hasselt's sunbird is now one of six species placed in the genus Leptocoma that was introduced in 1850 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis. The species was formerly considered conspecific with the purple-throated sunbird (Leptocoma sperata).
Five subspecies are recognised:
* L. b. brasiliana (Gmelin, JF, 1788) – northeast India and east Bangladesh to Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, islands west of Sumatra (except Simeulue), west Java and Borneo
* L. b. emmae Delacour & Jabouille, 1928 – south Indochina
* L. b. mecynorhyncha (Oberholser, 1912) – Simeulue (west of Sumatra)
* L. b. eumecis (Oberholser, 1917) – Anambas Islands (east of Malay Peninsula)
* L. b. axantha (Oberholser, 1932) – Natuna Islands (northwest of Borneo)
In 1939, a group of bird lovers in Hawaii known as the Hui Manu released 28 of these birds on various parts of the leeward side of Oahu in Hawaii in an attempt to get them to become established there; none appeared have succeeded.
# George Williams (Australian footballer)

George Williams (30 April 1871 – 27 April 1937) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Kariaí language

Kariaí (Cariyai) is an extinct, poorly attested, and unclassified Arawakan language. Kaufman (1994) placed it in his Manao (Middle Rio Negro) branch, but this is not followed in Aikhenvald (1999).
# Ed Cotter

Edward Christopher Cotter (July 4, 1904 – June 14, 1959) was a third baseman and shortstop for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball. He appeared in 17 career games for the Phillies during the months of June, July, and August 1926. He was officially listed as standing 6 feet (180 cm) tall and weighing 185 pounds (84 kg).

## Early life

Cotter was born July 4, 1904, in Hartford, Connecticut. Before playing in the major leagues, he attended Hartford Public High School, and then Villanova University from 1923 to 1926, 1 of 48 players from the school to play in Major League Baseball.

## Phillies career

Cotter made his Phillies debut on June 12, 1926, as a pinch hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Batting for first baseman Russ Wrightstone in the fifth spot of Philadelphia's batting order, Cotter hit safely in his first career at-bat, stealing his first career base after reaching. In his second game two days later, Cotter replaced teammate Clarence Huber as the third baseman against the Chicago Cubs; he notched two more hits in the contest to open his career with three consecutive base hits. He made two more pinch-hitting appearances in June before replacing Heinie Sand at shortstop in the second game of a doubleheader against the Cincinnati Reds. After a ten-day layoff, he replaced Huber again as the third baseman, notching two more hits on June 30 against the Brooklyn Robins—the only multi-hit game of his career.
Entering as Huber's replacement, Cotter recorded a hitless game on July 4, 1926, striking out twice and recording a putout and two assists in the field. He recorded his next hit against the Pirates on July 10—raising his batting average to .400—and again versus the St. Louis Cardinals on July 19. He appeared in three more games in July, and three in August as well, but did not hit safely again until the final game of his career, when he had one hit in a 21–3 loss to Cincinnati. He was unconditionally released by the team on August 13.

## After baseball

Cotter died on June 14, 1959, in his hometown of Hartford, and was interred at Mount St. Benedict Cemetery in Bloomfield, Connecticut.
# Topolin, Garwolin County

Topolin is a Polish village in the administrative district of Gmina Maciejowice. The villages lies within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
# Ben Dougall

Benjamin Luke Dougall (born 16 December 1991) is an Australian cricketer who plays for South Australia.
Dougall currently plays as the professional for the Wanderers in the Ribblesdale League.
# Viktorija Budrytė-Winnersjo

Viktorija Budrytė-Winnersjo (née Budrytė; born 12 October 1989), known as Viktorija Budrytė, is a Lithuanian former footballer who played as a forward. She has been a member of the Lithuania women's national team.
She has degree of Plungės „Ryto“ pagrindinė mokykla and Sport class of Šiauliai „Vijolių“ vidurinė mokykla. Her first football trainer was Romaldas Kerpa and second trainer was Rimantas Viktoravičius.

## Personal life

In July 2017 Budrytė married her wife Marina Melody Winnersjo in Sweden.
Her mother Vitalija Budrienė lives in England. Viktorija ha four brothers and four sisters. They are Marius, Renatas, Laimonas, Mantas, Ina, Dovilė, Vaida and Vilija.
# A load of old cobblers

"A load of old cobblers" and variants such as "what a load of cobblers" or just "cobblers!" is British slang for "what nonsense" that is derived from the Cockney rhyming slang for "balls" (testicles), which rhymes with "cobbler's awls". The phrase began to be widely used from the 1960s and is still in use but has become less offensive over time as its origins have been forgotten.

## Origins

The phrase originated as Cockney rhyming slang where "cobblers" refers to cobbler's awls which rhymes with "balls" (testicles), as in the exclamation "Balls!" for "Nonsense!". The use of the rhyme allows a taboo word, in this case the vulgar exclamation "balls!", to be avoided. The use of "cobblers" as a synonym for balls dates back to at least the 1930s.

## Contemporary use

The term "load of old cobblers" and similar variants only gained wide currency from the 1960s, for instance in British sitcoms such as Steptoe and Son (1962–74) which featured two rag-and-bone men based in west London. It has also been exported to Australia and other countries to which the British have migrated and according to Collins became popular with the tabloid press.
Eric Partridge and his successors mention that the phrase and its cousin "cobblers to you!" is often used by people unaware of its vulgar origins and has become less offensive. Partridge suggests that a comparison with "cod's wallop" (complete rubbish) is inevitable.
In 2016, Sir James Dyson said that concerns that Britain's international trade would be damaged by Brexit were "absolute cobblers". The Guardian used the phrase in 2018 to describe comments made by the sports coach Eddie Jones, saying "Nice try, Eddie, but what a load of old cobblers." In February 2019, The Times used it in a comparison of beauty products, saying "Whether or not you think crystals are a load of old cobblers, I guarantee you'll fall hook line and sinker ..." It has also been used as a pun in a headline after builders covered cobbles with asphalt.
In the TV series Yes Minister, the term was used in the episode "Equal Opportunities" where the characters are describing what code to use on a letter - "CGSM. It stands for Consignment of Geriatric Shoe Manufacturers. Load of old cobblers, Minister."
# Germania C.I

The Germania C.I was a two-seat general-purpose biplane built by Germania Flugzeugwerke during World War I.

## Design and development

Germania Flugzeugwerke built the C.I as a biplane of wooden construction with plywood and fabric construction. A forward firing Spandau machine gun and Parabellum machine gun were mounted in the aft cockpit.
A derivative of the C.I, the C.II, of which only a prototype was built, differed from the C.I in having staggered mainplanes and a reduced gap.

## Specifications

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 8.10 m (26 ft 7 in)
* Wingspan: 12.40 m (40 ft 8 in)
* Height: 3.10 m (10 ft 2 in)
* Empty weight: 790 kg (1,742 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,210 kg (2,668 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Maybach Mb.IVa , 180 kW (240 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 150 km/h (93 mph, 81 kn)
* Cruise speed: 125 km/h (78 mph, 67 kn)
Armament
* 1 × 7.92 mm (0.312 in) Parabellum MG14 machine gun in observer's cockpit
* 1 × forward firing fixed LMG 08/15 Spandau machine gun
# Arliss Beach

Arliss Beach (born March 28, 1984) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Kentucky.
Beach was also a member of the Dallas Cowboys and Houston Texans.

## Early life

Although born in Louisville, Beach grew up in the Ashland area, attending school in the adjacent Fairview school district up until the seventh grade, when he moved to the Ashland city district. He graduated from the city district's Paul G. Blazer High School, where he set several school records in football, and was the only athlete in Kentucky to be elected All-State in both football and basketball during the years in which he played. He also lived with his mother Kerry Beach. And his other two Siblings Adrian and Andrea Beach. His grandfather Elzie Thomas pastored a church in Ashland known as Christ Temple of the Pentecost faith. His mother also pastored a church. He was raised in church.

## College career

After the end of Beach's senior year in high school, the University of Kentucky offered him a full scholarship to play football. While enrolled, the football program went through major staff and coaching changes, and it has been said that this is the reason Beach was never handled correctly.

## Professional career
### Green Bay Packers

Beach signed with the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent on May 3, 2006, and was immediately placed on the active roster after impressing the coaching staff. He suffered a serious ankle injury during the preseason, however, and thus he was placed on injured reserve for the 2006 season on September 6. He was released by Green Bay on June 15, 2007.

### Dallas Cowboys

On August 23, the Dallas Cowboys signed Beach to a free agent contract, trying to fill a void left by injured running back Jackie Battle. Beach was released by Dallas on September 1 prior to the regular season.

### Houston Texans

Beach was signed to the practice squad of the Houston Texans on December 26, 2007. He was then re-signed to a future contract in January 2008, but was waived by the team on May 22.
Beach was re-signed to the Texans' practice squad after running back Darius Walker was promoted to the active roster. The Texans released Beach from the practice squad on September 24, 2008.
# Radosław Chruściński

Radosław Chruściński (born 14 December 1991 in Katowice, Poland) is a Polish pair skater. With partner Magdalena Klatka, he is a two-time (2011–2012) Polish national champion. His brother, Mateusz Chruściński, was also a pair skater.

## Programs

(with Klatka)
| Season | Short program | Free skating |
| 2013–2014 | Chopin by Edvin Marton | The Phantom of the Opera on Ice by Roberto Danova |
| 2012–2013 | Chopin by Edvin Marton | The Umbrellas of Cherbourg by Michel Legrand |
| 2011–2012 | Amazonic by Maksim Mrvica | The Umbrellas of Cherbourg by Michel Legrand |
| 2010–2011 | Swan Lake by Pyotr Tchaikovsky | The Addams Family |

## Competitive highlights

(with Klatka)
Results :
| International ||||||
| Event | 2009–10 | 2010–11 | 2011–12 | 2012–13 | 2013–14 |
| Worlds | | | | 18th | |
| Europeans | | | | 15th | |
| Nebelhorn Trophy | | | | | 15th |
| International: Junior ||||||
| Junior Worlds | | 14th | 13th | | |
| JGP Austria | | 12th | | | |
| JGP Estonia | | | 7th | | |
| JGP Germany | | 11th | | | |
| JGP Poland | | | 7th | | |
| Ice Challenge | | | 2nd J. | | |
| Warsaw Cup | | 1st J. | 4th J. | | |
| National ||||||
| Polish Champ. | 3rd | 1st | 1st | | 1st |
# Bob Alexander (ring announcer)

Bob Alexander (born September 4, 1963, in Detroit, Michigan) is a ring announcer for professional and amateur boxing, MMA, and kickboxing.

## Early life and education

Alexander was born in Detroit, Michigan and moved to Punta Gorda, Florida in 1973 at the age of 10. He graduated from Charlotte High school in 1981 and began his radio career in 1982. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Florida in May 1986.

## Career

Alexander's Ring Announcing career began in 1989 when he convinced a promoter to let him announce one rainy night on Sanibel Island, Florida. The fights were held on tennis courts that became flooded from the downpour. During the co-main event, the sound system went out and Alexander had to shout the introductions and results through cupped hands for the remainder of the night. "The place was full of drunks who were yelling and pelting me with beer cups," he says. "I figured this is as bad as it can get."
The fourth event he announced was broadcast nationwide, and included the eleventh professional fight of Bernard "The Executioner" Hopkins.
Since then, Bob has appeared on major networks such as Showtime, ESPN, Fox Sports Net, HDNet, Sun Sports, MSG, and Pay Per View.
He has announced dozens of World Championship Fights at top locales including Madison Square Garden (New York), Boardwalk Hall (Atlantic City), Buffalo Bills (Las Vegas), The Tabernacle (Atlanta, Ga.), Mohegan Sun (Uncasville, Ct.) Hard Rock Live (Hollywood, FL.) Turning Stone (Verona, NY) and served as the Ring Announcer for the popular "Boxing in Paradise" series, St Thomas, USVI.
Currently, Bob is working as the ring announcer for Iron Mike Productions, a company formed by former heavyweight champion of the world, Mike Tyson and businessman Garry Jonas.

## Notable events

Alexander announced the first fight ever broadcast on the internet and was an announcer for the first ever Pro Boxing Event in Dubai, UAE.
Early shows in his career featured Ronald "Winky" Wright and Christy Martin (boxer)
Alexander has also worked as television commentator with notables such as "The Colonel" Bob Sheridan and James "Smitty" Smith.
Alexander was the Master of Ceremonies for the inaugural Florida Boxing Hall of Fame, 2009.
Alexander is a member of the 2010 Class of Inductees for the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame, along with Muhammad Ali, Barbara Buttrick, Don King, James “Smitty” Smith and others.
In early 2014, Alexander was voted in to serve on the Florida Boxing Hall of Fame board of directors as its media representative.
# Bob Tata

Robert Tata (January 27, 1930 – June 11, 2021) was an American politician. A Republican and the member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1984 to 2014, representing the 85th district in Virginia Beach. Tata announced that he would not run for reelection in 2013.

## Early life

Tata was born and raised in Detroit, the son of Italian immigrants. He attended the University of Virginia, where he played varsity football and baseball. He was drafted in 1953 by the Detroit Lions of the National Football League, but was cut in training camp. He returned to Charlottesville, Virginia to complete his B.S. degree in education and met his future wife, Martha Jeraldine "Jerry" Morris, while doing his student teaching. Tata served in the United States Army 1954–1956. He and his wife then moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they both took school jobs. Tata later received an M.S. degree in guidance and counseling from the University of Virginia.

## Coaching career

Tata spent about 30 years as a teacher and guidance counselor in the Hampton Roads area; he spent a number of those years serving as a football coach at the schools where he worked. At his first stop, Norfolk Catholic High School, his teams were 8–81 in the 1956 and 1957 seasons. Tata was the 19th head football coach at The Apprentice School in Newport News, Virginia and he held that position for the 1963 season. His coaching record at Apprentice was 3–3–2.
In 1965, his only year as head coach at Granby High School, the team went 10−1, losing only the state championship game. He then coached at Norview High School 1967 to 1979, winning six district championships with an overall record of 101−32−2.

## Personal life and death

Tata taught for 40 years, and served for four years on the Virginia Beach School Board. The Tatas had two sons and a daughter. Robert M. Tata attended the United States Naval Academy; he became a captain in the United States Naval Reserve, and a lawyer. Anthony J. Tata, a West Point graduate, rose to the rank of brigadier general in the United States Army and is a novelist. Kendall Tata went to the University of Virginia and James Madison University, and became a Virginia Beach high school teacher and track coach. Tata died on June 11, 2021, in Stanardsville, Virginia.
# Maggid shiur

A maggid shiur (Hebrew: מגיד שיעור, romanized: maggiḏ shiʿur, lit. 'teller of a shiur or Torah lecture') is the rabbi that lectures in a yeshiva or kollel. He usually lectures in one place, on a given topic, generally on advanced and in-depth Talmudic studies, on a fixed schedule.
The stature of a maggid shiur is a much sought-after position by the typical yeshiva student. The position is usually obtained by those well versed in the Talmud.
Elazar Shach told a future maggid shiur that the key to successful lectures is "knowing how to ask the initial questions that comprise the shiur."

## Contrasting chavrusa with maggid shiur

While the chavrusa (study partner) system requires more commitment and participant preparation, a maggid shiur generally has more experience, and ideally "points out details" that both partners "never knew."
To succeed, both need "well defined goals."
# Dolgaec

Dolgaec (Macedonian: Долгаец) is a village in the municipality of Dolneni, North Macedonia.

## History

180 inhabitants of the village were massacred in the First World War by the Bulgarian Army.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the village had a total of 41 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
* Macedonians 39
* Others 2
| Year | Macedonian | Albanian | Turks | Romani | Vlachs | Serbs | Bosniaks | Persons for whom data are taken from admin. sources | Total |
| 2002 | 70 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 70 |
| 2021 | 39 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 2 | 41 |