OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lucilla singleyana

Lucilla singleyana is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Helicodiscidae.
The shell of this species is about 2 mm in width.

## Original description

Lucilla singleyana was originally discovered and described (under the name Zonites singleyanus) by Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1889.
Pilsbry's original text (the type description) reads as follows:
   Zonites singleyanus Pilsbry. Proc. A. N. S. Philada., 1888, PI. xvii, figs. m,m,m.
   Shell minute, broadly umbilicate, planorboid, the spire scarcely perceptibly exserted; subtranslucent, waxen white, shining, smooth, under a strong lens seen to be slightly wrinkled by growth-lines; whorls three, rather rapidly increasing, separated by well-impressed sutures, convex, the apex rather large; body-whorl depressed, slightly descending, indented below around the umbilicus; aperture small, semilunar, oblique; peristome simple, acute. Umbilicus nearly one-third the diameter of the shell, wide, showing all the whorls.
   Alt. 1, diam. 2 mill.
   New Braunfels, Comal Co., Texas.
   Allied to Z. minusculus, but much more depressed, more shining, smoother, smaller, with broader umbilicus and a complete whorl less than minusculus.
   This species, one of the most 'distinct of the smaller forms of Hyalina, was communicated to me by Mr. J. A. Singley, in whose honor it is named. I have also found a few specimens among the shells collected by myself in central Texas, during the winter of 1885-'86. With Z. singleyanus at New Braunfels are found quantities of Z. minusculus. The latter species exhibits some variation, being often more depressed than most northern specimen. This depressed form has been noticed in Mexico by Strebel,* who proposes for Z. minusculus the new generic title of Chanomphalus, which of course is completely synonymous with Pseudohyalina Morse, 1864, and this again is not different enough from Hyalina to warrant the erection of a new genus or sub-genus. There is some variation in the width of the umbilicus in Texan specimens of Z. minusculus, but I have not seen specimens with it so wide as Dr. Dall indicates for his var. alachuana, from Florida. H elegantulus Pfr. is about the size and form of my Zonites singleyanus, but it is a strongly sculptured species.
   * Vide Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna mexikanischer Land und Süsswasser
   Conchylien, Theil iv, p. 19, pi. iv, fig. 10. (1880.)

## Distribution

This species is Holarctic in distribution.
The indigenous distribution for this species includes North America.
Then non-indigenous distribution areas include:
* France
* Great Britain
* Poland
* Slovakia
* Ukraine
This species was previously announced from the Czech Republic since 1988, but later in 2009 was all findings recognized as Lucilla scintilla.
This species has been introduced to New Zealand.

## Ecology

This species lives in soil, see soil-inhabitant. Technically this is known as being a terricol species.
# Austroassiminea letha

Austroassiminea letha is a species of small salt marsh snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks, or micromollusks in the family Assimineidae. This species is endemic to Australia.
# Ahmed Douhou

Ahmed Douhou (born 14 December 1976 in Bouake) is a French sprinter who specializes in the 200 metres. He switched nationality from his birth country Côte d'Ivoire in 2002.
He won the bronze medal in 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2002 European Championships, together with teammates Leslie Djhone, Naman Keïta and Ibrahima Wade. On the individual level he reached the semifinals of the 1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships, and participated at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics.
Before switching to France he helped set a Côte d'Ivoire record in 4 x 100 metres relay of 38.60 seconds, achieved with teammates Ibrahim Meité, Yves Sonan and Eric Pacome N'Dri at the 2001 World Championships in Edmonton.

## Personal bests

* 100 metres - 10.36 s (2000)
* 200 metres - 20.90 s (2000)
* 400 metres - 45.86 s (2004)
* 400 metres hurdles - 55.97 s (1994)
# Kwan Wai-nung

Kwan Wai-nung (Chinese: 關蕙農; pinyin: Guān Huìnóng; 1878–1956) was a Chinese artist. A descendant of Lam Qua, Kwan was born in Guangdong and studied Chinese painting under Ju Lian. He fused this with a more Western style learnt from his brother, Kwan Kin-hing.
Kwan migrated to Hong Kong at the beginning of the 20th century. He became art director for the South China Morning Post in 1911, before leaving in 1915 to set up his own lithographic business, the Asiatic Lithographic Printing Press in Sai Ying Pun. During the 1920s and 1930s Kwan personally designed calendars and posters for various companies in the city. Calendars acted as branded merchandise and artists were often hired to make the product seem more appealing. Kwan understood the impact advertising had on businesses and positioned his art, many of which featured modestly dressed pin-up girls, as a means of relaying brands to customers. Among his designs are 'Two Girls' (1931) for Kwong Sang Hong and posters for Tiger Balm.
His company imported modern printing technology from Britain and Germany and opened branches in Singapore, Guangzhou and Shanghai. Effectively cornering the market in Hong Kong at the time, his success led to him being named 'King of the Calendar Poster'. After the Second World War, Kwan handed control over his company to his sons.
# Claudius Rufinus Sophistes

Claudius Rufinus Sophistes was a sophist of ancient Rome, of the Second Sophistic tradition. He lived in Smyrna in Asia Minor during the 2nd century. In his earliest references, he is called simply "Rufinus", then, starting around 200 CE "Claudius Rufinus", and from about 208 onwards, "Claudius Rufinus Sophistes".
Rufinus was a respected member of the community, having come from a long line of respected sophists. He had been granted an exemption from all taxes, duties, and service, by the Roman emperor, and was known to be a generous benefactor, donating several public buildings.
He was elected strategos of Smyrna during the reign of Gordian I, and he features prominently on the coinage of this city during this period. As a sophist and rhetor, he was the teacher of the sophist Hermocrates of Phocaea. He was also possibly the dedicatee of the book Sophistic Preparations by Phrynichus Arabius.
He also features in the story of the martyrdom of Pionius, as one of Pionius's questioners.
When he died, he was honored as an extremely prominent citizen, with a public funeral, commemorative games, and a sumptuous tomb.
# Axel Médéric

Axel Médéric (born 29 May 1970 in Créteil, France) is a former French figure skater who competed in men's singles. In 1988, he won the silver medal at the French Figure Skating Championships and placed fifteenth at the 1988 Winter Olympics. The following year, he captured the French national title, finished seventh at the European Figure Skating Championships, and placed thirteenth at the World Figure Skating Championships.

## Results

International :
| Event | 84–85 | 85–86 | 86–87 | 87–88 | 88–89 | 89–90 | 90–91 | 91–92 | 92–93 | 93–94 |
| Olympics | | | | 15th | | | | | | |
| Worlds | | | | | 13th | | | 33rd | | |
| Europeans | | | | 10th | 7th | | | | | |
| Inter. de Paris | | | | 8th | 8th | | | 5th | 5th | |
| Nations Cup | | | | | | | 5th | | | 10th |
| NHK Trophy | | | | | 13th | | | | | |
| Nebelhorn | | | | | | | | | 3rd | |
| International: Junior |||||||||||
| Junior Worlds | 8th | 11th | | | | | | | | |
| National |||||||||||
| French Champ. | | | 5th | 2nd | 1st | 5th | 5th | 4th | 5th | |
# Vertigo pygmaea

Vertigo pygmaea, common name the "crested vertigo", is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

## Shell description

The shell is extremely small, oval-cylindric and obtuse at the summit, of a more or less deep brown, smooth and dull. The spire consists of five whorls.
The aperture is scarcely longer than wide, and nearly round, furnished with four teeth, of which the superior is acute, two deeply placed inferior, and finally one on the columellar margin. A fifth tooth is often found in the base of the aperture. The lateral margin is slightly angular in the middle. Peristome is reflected below. The umbilical crevice quite pronounced.
This snail lives under hedges.
(description as Vertigo heldi) The shell is rimate, turreted, irregularly and very finely striate, of reddish-brown color, glossy. The shell has 6 whorls, that are slowly increasing and rather convex. The first 3 whorls form a blunt summit which is about ⅓ the length of the shell. The last 3 whorls are of nearly equal height and form the remaining cylindric part of the shell. The last whorl is neither calloused nor contracted preceding the aperture.
The aperture is about ¼ the length of shell, arcuately convex, somewhat impressed on the outer side, the impression running as a groove-like depression for a short distance on the last whorl. Aperture is toothed, the teeth are reddish, very weak and placed deep in the throat: 1 tooth on the middle of the parietal wall, 1 on the columella, 2 very weakly developed, frequently wanting, on the palatal wall. Peristome is continuous, somewhat expanded, little thickened.
The width of the adult shell is 1.1-1.25 mm, the height is 2.4-2.7 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Europe in the following countries and islands:
* Czech Republic
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Slovakia
* Ukraine
* Great Britain
* Ireland
* Latvia
* and others
And in America, in various places including:
* Michigan - special concern, see List of threatened fauna of Michigan
# Charles Gaulthier

Charles Gaulthier (21 December 1889 – 17 March 1952) was a French sailor. He competed in the 8 Metre event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Steve Bowden

Steve Bowden (born 27 May 1955) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played for the Newtown Jets in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition. Bowden primarily played in the front row.

## Career

Bowden was selected in 1981 to represent New South Wales as a front-rower for the only State of Origin-designated game of the year. In that match, Bowden was sin-binned along with Queenslander Rod Morris after an all-in brawl.
Another fight cost Bowden a spot in the 1981 Grand Final. In the first few minutes of the major semi-final against Manly-Warringah, Bowden was involved in a fight with Manly's Kiwi prop Mark Broadhurst. A scrum devolved into an all-in brawl with Bowden and Broadhurst throwing punches like prize fighters. A head-butt from Bowden felled Broadhurst and Bowden continued to punch his face while he was on the ground. After the fight was broken up, Bowden again landed a head-butt on an already bloodied Broadhurst (who also had a broken cheekbone) and the fight started a second time. When order was finally restored the referee sent Bowden from the field and actually gave Newtown a penalty. Bowden was subsequently suspended and unable to take part in the Preliminary final against Eastern Suburbs, or the club's final ever first grade Grand Final appearance against Parramatta. Leading television commentator and former dual international Rex Mossop called it "The most frantic opening to a rugby league match I've seen in 35 years".
Bowden currently works security for world champion boxer Danny Green. Bowden now owns and operates the Hurstville Ritz Hotel in Sydney.
# Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108 (FMVSS 108) regulates all automotive lighting, signalling and reflective devices in the United States. Like all other Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, FMVSS 108 is administered by the United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

## Evolution

FMVSS 108 is codified in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 571, Section 108. The most recent version was published by NHTSA for comment in December 2007, and since then, it has been amended in April 2011, August 2011, January 2012, December 2012, December 2015, February 2016, and February 2022.
When it was initially published in 1968, Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 108 was part of 49 CFR 371.21, incorporating several SAE recommended practices by reference. The 1969 version of FMVSS 108 allowed the use of two headlamps, each 7 in (180 mm) in diameter, or four smaller 5+3⁄4 in (150 mm) headlamps.$^{:TableI}$

### 2022 Amendment

In February 2022, FMVSS 108 was amended to allow automakers to install adaptive driver beam (ADB) headlamps on new vehicles. However, carmakers have not implemented ADB because of contradictions in the rule.
As of December 2024, FMVSS 108 has not been updated to adapt to widespread use of LED headlamps, which are criticized for being too bright and blinding other drivers. Some manufacturers have reportedly engineered headlamps to have a dark spot where they are measured according to the regulation while being over-illuminated in the rest of the field.

## Usage outside of United States
### Canada

Canada's analogous regulation is called Canada Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108 (CMVSS 108), and is very similar to FMVSS 108. The primary difference is:
* CMVSS 108 requires daytime running lamps on all vehicles made since 1 January 1990, while FMVSS 108 permits but does not require DRLs
Both standards differ markedly from the UN (formerly "European") standards used in most other countries worldwide, not only in technical provisions, terminology, and requirements, but also in format: each European standard deals with only one type of lighting device, while the single U.S. and Canadian standards regulate all lighting and reflective devices.

### New Zealand

Retroreflective material fitted to a heavy motor vehicle in New Zealand manufactured on or after 1st Jan 2006 must comply with either UNECE Regulation 104 or FMVSS 108.

## Certification

It is the responsibility of a manufacturer of vehicles and/or vehicle lamps to certify that each motor vehicle and/or lamp is in full compliance with the minimum performance requirements of FMVSS 108. This is a self-certification process as opposed to the type approval process which is used in other lighting regulations such as UNECE Regulation 48.
In order to show compliance to FMVSS 108, the lens of each original equipment and replacement headlamp, daytime running lamp (DRL) and certain conspicuity reflectors must be marked with the symbol "DOT".$^{:S6.5,S8.2.1.3,TableIII}$ This symbol may also be applied to compliant signal lighting devices, but is not mandatory.
# Brudzewice, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

Brudzewice, (German: Brüsewitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suchań, within Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Suchań, 15 km (9 mi) east of Stargard, and 46 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.
# Peresvet (laser weapon)

The Peresvet (Russian: Пересвет), named after Alexander Peresvet, is a Russian laser weapon for air defense and anti-satellite warfare.

## History

The system was revealed for the first time by Russian President Vladimir Putin during his message to the Federal Assembly on 1 March 2018. The equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with the complexes began in 2017. On 1 December 2018, the Peresvet laser complex took over experimental combat duty. According to Russian President Vladimir Putin, the Peresvet laser complexes were to enter service in December 2019. The complexes have been deployed with the road-mobile ICBM launchers with the task of covering their maneuvers. On 1 December 2019, Minister of Defence of Russia Sergei Shoigu announced Peresvet was deployed with five divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces.
These sites are located :
* 58° 8'0.66"N, 60°31'19.03"E - 42nd Missile Division (ZATO Svobodny, near Nizhny Tagil)
* 55°16'13.10"N, 83° 1'4.71"E - 39th Guards Missile Division (Novosibirsk)
* 56°34'25.07"N, 48°2'23.39"E - 14th Missile Division (Yoshkar-Ola)
* 56°53'55.73"N, 40°34'42.64"E - 54th Guards Missile Order of Kutuzov Division (Teikovo, near Ivanovo)
* 53°33'19.58"N, 83°49'29.51"E - 35th Red Banner Missile Division, Orders of Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky (Barnaul)
The sixth is being built in:
* 52°19'35.08"N, 104°23'12.26"E - 29th Guards Rocket Vitebsk Order of Lenin, Red Banner Division (Irkutsk)

## Design

According to the military expert Igor Korotchenko, director of the Center for Analysis of the World Trade in Arms, the Peresvet combat laser can be successfully used against unmanned aerial vehicles. At the same time, its effectiveness directly depends on environmental conditions: in good weather, it works perfectly, but fog, rain, snow and other adverse weather events can interfere with the passage of the laser beam. The expert also added that such installations consume a lot of electricity, so using them as a portable tool is unlikely to succeed; in the future they will be able to protect military bases and other locations from penetrations of UAVs into their territory.

## Operational history
### Ukraine

In May 2022 during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Yury Borisov claimed a more advanced version of Peresvet dubbed "Zadira" is now being used by Russian military units in Ukraine. According to Borisov, it is capable of incinerating targets up to three miles away within five seconds. He further added “If Peresvet blinds an object, the new generation of laser weapons physically destroys the target. It is burned up,”. He also claimed the system can blind enemy satellites in orbits of up to 1,500 km and "disabling them during their fly-past by means of laser irradiation". However, according to Pentagon, US has not seen any evidence so far to corroborate Borisov’s claim. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky mocked Russian claims as propaganda and compared it to the Wunderwaffen myth during World War II.

## Gallery

* Marching configuration
* Transition to combat configuration
* Combat configuration
# Mendax marginatus

Mendax marginatus is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cerithiopsidae.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand
# Brzezin

Brzezin (formerly German: Briesen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pyrzyce, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Pyrzyce and 34 km (21 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

## Etymology

The name Brzezin was believed to have its roots in the Polish word for birch (brzoza). In 1937 the Bund Deutscher Osten urged the mayor of the village to Germanize the settlement's name to Birkenhain.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
The village has a population of 190.
# Weston-sub-Edge hoard

The Weston-sub-edge hoard is a Civil War coin hoard comprising 309 coins and a lead pipe container from Weston-Sub-Edge in Gloucestershire, England.

## Discovery

The hoard was found in 1981 in a former barn, then used as a village hall, in Weston-sub-Edge. The lead pipe was discovered approximately 2 feet (0.61 m) beneath the ground surface in a pit that had been dug for the building of a stanchion to support the roof. The hoard was located in the central position of the building, aligned with the roof structures of the original 17th-Century structure.

## Contents

The hoard was contained with a lead pipe which was sealed at both ends. It measured 270 mm in length with a 55 mm diameter. The pipe contained 309 coins, of which 307 were silver and 2 were gold, and a scrap of paper with writing on it. The paper read "hoard is £18", though the total face-value of the hoard from its coins was £17, 13 shillings, and sixpence.
The coins within the hoard ranged from the reigns of Edward VI of England to Charles I of England and the latest coin in the hoard dates to 1643. There are 6 coins of Edward VI, 3 of Philip and Mary, 107 of Elizabeth I, 36 of James I, and 157 of Charles I.

## Acquisition and display

The hoard was declared as Treasure trove in September 1981 and subsequently acquired by the Corinium Museum.
# Byron Rempel

Byron Rempel,the writer, (born 1962) is a Quebec-based writer of Dutch Mennonite-descent born in Steinbach, Manitoba. He has written fiction and non-fiction, including his autobiography "Truth is Naked" in 2005, which was selected by The Globe and Mail among its 2006 Book of the Year selections. He was a finalist for the Quebec Writers' Federation Awards Mavis Gallant Prize twice, for "Truth is Naked" in 2006 and "No Limits" in 2008.
# WAFU Zone B U20 Women's Cup

The WAFU Zone B U20 Women's Cup is a women's association football competition contested by national teams of Zone B West African Football Union.
The first edition will take place from Saturday, May 20 to Sunday, June 4, 2023, in Kumasi with seven teams .

## Tournament history

| Year | Host | Final | Final | Final | Third place match | Third place match | Third place match |
| Year | Host | Winner | Score | Runner-up | Third place | Score | Fourth place |
| 2023 Details | Ghana | Ghana | (3–2 P) 1–1 | Nigeria | Burkina Faso | 2–1 | Benin |

## Participating nations
### Legend

| Team | 2023 | Years |
| Benin | 4th | 1 |
| Burkina Faso | 3rd | 1 |
| Ghana | 1st | 1 |
| Ivory Coast | GS | 1 |
| Niger | GS | 1 |
| Nigeria | 2nd | 1 |
| Togo | GS | 1 |
| Total (7 Teams) | 7 |
# Marc Ghafari

Mark Ghafari (born December 10, 1991, in Grosse Pointe, MI) is a Lebanese American professional basketball player who previously played for Sporting Al Riyadi Beirut in the Lebanese Basketball League.

## Professional career

He started his professional career in 2014 after he played a season for Kalamazoo College in the NCAA Division 3 Tournament. Earlier in 2013, Ghafari travelled to Lebanon to perform a medical for Al Riyadi whereupon he was signed for three years.
He has since retired from professional basketball and now lives in Michigan.
# Cédric Kuentz

Cédric Kuentz (born 15 November 1973) is a French former speed skater. He competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Winter Olympics.
# Harvey Araujo

Harvey Araujo (born 7 November 2004) is an English professional footballer who plays for Chesterfield, on loan from Fulham, as a defender.

## Club career

Araujo began his career with Fulham at the age of 11, turning professional in September 2021. In July 2024 he signed a new three-year contract with the club, and in August 2024 he moved on loan to Chesterfield. In October 2024 he commented that it was important for his teammates to stay motivated, despite having drawn a number of games.

## International career

Araujo has played for England at under-18 level, earning his first call-up in October 2021.

## Personal life

Araujo has an English father and a Rwandan mother.

## Career statistics

    As of match played on 29 December 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | EFL Cup | EFL Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Fulham | 2024–25 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chesterfield (loan) | 2024–25 | League Two | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearance in the EFL Trophy