OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Methamphetamine and Native Americans

Methamphetamine became a major public health concern among Native Americans in the 2000s. Tribal leaders and reservation police departments consider this epidemic the largest threat to public safety. They attribute to this particular type of drug, the higher rates of domestic violence, assaults, burglaries, and child abuse and neglect on reservations.

## Background

Methamphetamine's eastward spread from California included most of Indian country. However, due to the nature of the substance, it has been created independently in criminal labs on tribal lands and surrounding areas, as well. As in the case of the Wind River Indian Reservation, Mexican drug cartels specifically targeted reservations due to their isolation and complicated drug laws.
The United States federal government recognizes the inherent right of tribes, as "domestic dependent nations", to outlaw substances on their lands. For example, Montana legally allows the sale of alcohol as does the rest of the United States, but the Crow and Northern Cheyenne reservations in the state prohibit it. The jurisdictional issues between native and federal law created loopholes and opportunities for the cartels to begin business.

## Effects on Indian country
### Crime

Reports of crime have escalated since methamphetamine's introduction. FBI offices located in Indian country estimate that 40 to 50% of the violent crime cases they investigate involve the drug. The increase is not solely attributed to Native American users. Traffickers, criminal groups, and gang members commit crimes against other groups and Native Americans in order to continue their drug distribution.
According to the United States Department of Justice, the crimes can be divided into three categories: personal crime, such as threats and intimidation; property crime, such as arson, theft, burglary, and vandalism; and violent crime, such as homicide, rape, and aggravated assault.
# Simon Black (English footballer)

Simon Anthony Black (born 9 November 1975) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward in the Football League for Birmingham City.
Black was born in Marston Green, Solihull. When he left school in 1991, he joined Birmingham City as a YTS trainee, and made his debut in Division One (second tier) on the opening day of the 1993–94 season in a 1–0 defeat at Charlton Athletic. He played once more in the league and twice in the Anglo-Italian Cup, before leaving the club. He was later on the books of Doncaster Rovers, without playing for the first team.
He joined Yeovil Town, making his debut for them on 4 March and going on to make 13 appearances during the remainder of the 1994–95 season and score four goals. He subsequently played one match for Ilkeston Town on 24 February 1996 before joining Gloucester City, where he scored three goals in seven appearances by the end of the 1995–96 season.
In early 1998 he signed for Brierley Hill Town, but joined Halesowen Town later in the year. He subsequently played for Bedworth United in 1999, Stourbridge from 2000 to 2001, Paget Rangers in 2002, Bridlington Town and Hall Road Rangers.
# John Worthen (literary critic)

John Worthen (born June 1943) taught at universities in North America and Wales before becoming Professor of D. H. Lawrence Studies at the University of Nottingham, where he remains Emeritus Professor. His inaugural lecture as Professor of D. H. Lawrence Studies was published under the title Cold Hearts and Coronets. His career as Lawrence’s biographer began in the 1980s and culminated in the celebrated D. H. Lawrence: The Early Years 1885–1912, the first part of the definitive three-volume Cambridge biography (Cambridge University Press, 1991–98). Material from this project later formed the foundation of Worthen's single-volume study, D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider (2005).
Though based in Lawrence’s hometown of Nottingham, he has researched and travelled around the world to complete this portrait of the writer. In 2001 he published a group biography of the Wordsworth-Coleridge circle, The Gang: Coleridge, the Hutchinsons, and the Wordsworths in 1802; in 2007 he published a life of the musician Robert Schumann and since then has completed a short biography of T.S. Eliot (2009), an Introduction to Samuel Taylor Coleridge for Cambridge University Press (2011), a volume of unpublished lectures on D. H. Lawrence entitled Experiments (2012), a biography of William Wordsworth (2014), and a biography of Percy Bysshe Shelley (2019). A short book, Shelley Drowns (2019), covers Shelley's last days; his first novel, 'Young Frieda', offers a two-part fictional development of the lives of Ernest Weekley and Frieda Lawrence. In 2022 followed his first book of history, following up an interest lasting over the previous fifty years: 'Regicide: The Trials of Henry Marten' describes for the first time the life of Marten.
In addition to this biographical work, Worthen has edited or co-edited seven individual volumes in The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence series and is a member of the editorial board of the edition.
# Fred Nelson

Fred Nelson was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played for South Sydney and Manly-Warringah in the NSWRL competition.

## Early life

Nelson was born in Mascot, Sydney and played his junior rugby league with Mascot before signing with South Sydney in 1954. Nelson won the Presidents Cup premiership with Souths that same year.

## Playing career

Nelson made his first grade debut for Souths in 1956. Nelson's time at South Sydney was at a difficult period in the club's history. After winning 5 premierships throughout the decade, Souths went through a period of finishing near the bottom of the table after most of their star players such as Clive Churchill had retired and moved on. In total, Nelson played over 100 games for the club including reserve grade and third grade. While playing for South Sydney, Nelson represented New South Wales making one appearance. In 1962, Nelson joined Manly-Warringah playing one season for the club before retiring.
In 1959 Nelson won the Sydney Morning Herald Award for Best and Fairest Player of the Year.

## Coaching career

In 1967, Nelson coached the Arncliffe Scots who played in the local St George competition. Nelson then went on to coach the South Sydney reserve grade side and won a premiership with them in 1968.
# Papahānaumoku

In the religion and mythology of the ancient Hawaiians, Papahānaumoku (pronunciation: [papahaːnaʊmoku]) — often simply called Papa — is a goddess and the Earth Mother. She is mentioned in the chants as the consort of the sky god Wākea. Their daughter is beautiful goddess Hoʻohokukalani, the main character of one myth. Papa is still worshipped by some Hawaiians, especially by women, as a primordial force of creation who has the power to give life and to heal. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument was renamed in 2007 to the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, in honour of Papa.

## Mythology

According to the ancient myths, Papa is the wife of Wākea, son of the god Kahiko. Wākea is the Father Sky in the Hawaiian religion and a personification of the male creative power. He and Papa are representations of the divine masculinity and femininity. Together, they created the Hawaiian Islands and became the ancestors of the Hawaiian chiefs and noblemen. The most important offspring of Papa are the islands called Hawaii (the Big Island), Maui, Oahu and Kauai. Chiefs claimed their descent from Papa and it was believed they were divine as well.
The most famous child of Wākea and Papa is called Hoʻohokukalani, and she became Wākea's lover, according to the famous myth. When Hoʻohokukalani gave birth to a stillborn baby, it was Papa who named the child Haloa and buried him in the soft earth; from that place sprung the first taro. Hoʻohokukalani again mated with her father, and had a living child, who was also named Haloa.

## Worship

A womenʻs temple, called Hale o Papa, is the primary religious structure associated with the worship of this goddess. Hale o Papa are often built in connection with luakini, or "men's temples" (places of "official" ceremony, which are primarily dedicated to the gods Kū and Lono), although it is believed by many practitioners that they may also exist independently.
In the Aloha ʻĀina movement, Papa is often a central figure, as her spirit is that of the life-giving, loving, forgiving Earth who nurtures human life, and who is being abused by the misdeeds of mankind, especially in regard to the abuse of nature.
# Victor Jopp

Victor Wilfrid Jopp (June 25, 1887 – June 25, 1965) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played with the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association, appearing in one game for the Blueshirts in the 1912–13 season. That same season included stints with the Halifax Crescents and Sydney Millionaires. He played in Halifax once again in 1913–14. He previously played in the Saskatchewan Senior Hockey League with Moosomin, his hometown from around 1906 to 1910.
# LuvBug

LuvBug is an English electronic dance music trio consisting of London-born DJ & producer Marvin Humes, Manchester-based producer White N3rd and producer/songwriter JKAY.

## Career

Humes and JKAY grew up in Woolwich, East London with JKAY becoming part of the songwriting/producing duo Tracklacers. They worked with producers including Danja (Justin Timberlake, Usher) and Afrojack (David Guetta, Major Lazer) and also produced early material for JLS, the pop/R&B boy band Humes was formerly a part of. N3rd has produced remixes for Diplo and Azealia Banks and was introduced to Humes through songwriter Ali Tennant (Guetta). In April 2013, the trio came together at a London-based studio and started working on material. The group released a string of remixes for the likes of Leah McFall & will.i.am, Inner City, Case & Foxy Brown.

### 2014–present: Single releases

After signing to Polydor Records and working with producer Pantha, Humes suggested British R&B singer Talay Riley for vocals and thus created their debut single "Resonance", which was released on 5 October 2014 and debuted at number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and number 10 on the Scottish charts. An album was announced to be in the works.
Its second single, "Revive (Say Something)", featuring uncredited vocals from Mark Asari, was released on 15 February 2015, and peaked at number 17 on the UK Singles Chart.
The third single, "Best Is Yet to Come", featuring uncredited vocals from Scouting for Girls, was released on 15 April 2016. The audio video was released in February 2016 on YouTube and Vevo. Claudia Gadelha used Best is Yet to Come as her walkout song at UFC 212.

## Discography
### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | UK | IRE | SCO | Album |
| "Resonance" (featuring Talay Riley) | 2014 | 13 | — | 10 | Non-album singles |
| "Revive (Say Something)" | 2014 | 17 | — | 13 | Non-album singles |
| "Best Is Yet to Come" | 2016 | 68 | — | — | Non-album singles |

### Remixes

| Year | Title | Artist(s) |
| 2013 | "Billion Lights" (LuvBug Remix) | JLS |
| 2013 | "Disco Love" (LuvBug Club Mix) | The Saturdays |
| 2013 | "Hand on Heart" (LuvBug Remix) | Olly Murs |
| 2014 | "What Are You Waiting For?" (LuvBug Radio Edit) | The Saturdays |
| 2014 | "Crazy Stupid Love" (LuvBug Remix) | Cheryl featuring Tinie Tempah |
| 2014 | "Bandolero" (LuvBug Remix) | Diztortion |
| 2015 | "Say Something" (LuvBug Remix) | Karen Harding |
| 2015 | "Black Magic" (LuvBug Remix) | Little Mix |
| 2015 | "House Every Weekend" (LuvBug Remix) | David Zowie |
| 2015 | "New Love" (LuvBug Remix) | Arches ft. Karen Harding |
| 2015 | "Sax" (LuvBug Remix) | Fleur East |
| 2015 | "Never Forget You" (LuvBug Remix) | MNEK & Zara Larsson |
| 2016 | "Get Stupid" (LuvBug Remix) | Aston Merrygold |
| 2016 | "Back To You" (LuvBug Remix) | Mollie King |
| 2016 | "Say It Again" (LuvBug Remix) | Frances |
# James Mason Hutchings

James Mason Hutchings (February 10, 1820 – October 31, 1902) was an American businessman and one of the principal promoters of what is now Yosemite National Park.

## Biography

Born in Towcester in England, Hutchings immigrated to the U.S. in 1848, then went to California in 1849 during the Gold Rush. He became wealthy as a miner, lost it all in a bank failure, then became wealthy again from publishing.
In 1853, James Hutchings published The Miner's Ten Commandments in the Placerville Herald, capturing the social norms, challenges, and everyday life of California Gold Rush miners. This document, later reprinted as letter sheets, served as stationery for miners to document their experiences in the gold fields. Remarkably, over 97,000 of these letter sheets were sold in just over a year, a significant feat given that the entire population of the state was less than five times that number at the time.
On July 5, 1855 James Hutchings set out on what would be one of the most historic trips to the region, leading the second tourist party into Yosemite. (The first tourist party, in 1854, was led by Robert Bruce Lamon, but no account of the trip is known to be written.) He then became one of the first settlers in Yosemite Valley. Hutchings published an illustrated magazine, Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine that told the world about Yosemite and the Sierra. It was said "...upon the return of Hutchings' party, the descriptions staggered the skeptics and silenced the croakers. From this time forward can be considered the commencement of the visits of tourists." He was a tireless promoter, of himself and Yosemite.

### Eviction from Yosemite Valley

In 1864, Yosemite Valley was set aside as protected land by Congress in the Yosemite Grant. Despite this, Hutchings tried to claim 160 acres (647,000 m²) acres of the valley, arguing that preemption laws supported his case. However, the U.S. Supreme Court disagreed, confirming that Yosemite was meant for public use under the Yosemite Grant. Although Hutchings lost the lawsuit, California still awarded him $24,000, recognizing that his early settlements helped promote Yosemite as a destination, significantly boosting tourism and economic benefits for the region. In 1875, he was kicked out of Yosemite for repeatedly breaking the law by building on public lands.
Initially, people felt sorry for Hutchings, but as more information came out about his legal actions and the large payment he received, public opinion changed. People realized he hadn't made a legal effort to own the land after getting the money.

### Later Life

Hutchings remarried twice and was an innkeeper for the Calaveras Big Tree Grove Hotel, north of Yosemite. Hutchings' prominence in Yosemite Valley allowed him to connect with figures of great importance to the history of Yosemite, including John Muir, Galen Clark and James McCauley.
While visiting Yosemite, Hutchings was killed on October 31, 1902, when his horse reared and threw him from his buggy. He is buried at Yosemite Cemetery.
# Fishing Creek Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania

Fishing Creek Township is a township in Columbia County, Pennsylvania. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 1,416 at the 2010 census.

## History

The Josiah Hess Covered Bridge No. 122, Twin Bridges-East Paden Covered Bridge No. 120, and Twin Bridges-West Paden Covered Bridge No. 121 were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The Bridge in Fishing Creek Township was listed in 1988.

## Geography

Fishing Creek Township is in northeastern Columbia County, bordered to the east by Luzerne County. The connected ridges of Huntington Mountain and Knob Mountain form the southern boundary. The township surrounds the borough of Stillwater, a separate municipality. The unincorporated communities of Honeytown, Van Camp, Bendertown, Zaner, Pealertown, Forks, Asbury, and Jonestown are in the township.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 28.7 square miles (74.4 km$^2$), of which 28.4 square miles (73.6 km$^2$) is land and 0.3 square miles (0.8 km$^2$), or 1.06%, is water. Major streams in the township are Fishing Creek and Huntington Creek, its tributary. Fishing Creek flows south to the Susquehanna River at Bloomsburg.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,393 people, 556 households, and 425 families residing in the township. The population density was 48.8 inhabitants per square mile (18.8/km$^2$). There were 711 housing units at an average density of 24.9 units per square mile (9.6 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 99.21% White, 0.14% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.
There were 556 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.4% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the township the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $38,654, and the median income for a family was $44,118. Males had a median income of $30,114 versus $23,580 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,121. About 6.6% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.1% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable person

* Charles Rollin Buckalew (1821–1899), politician
# Thomas Jackson (athlete)

Thomas Marshall Jackson (January 15, 1884 – February 22, 1967) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908, he finished twelfth in the pole vault competition.
# Thomas Jeter (fencer)

Thomas Powers Jeter (August 30, 1898 – October 23, 1979) was an American fencer. He competed in the individual and team foil events at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

## Background

Jeter was a military officer and pilot in the United States Navy. He received the Legion of Merit for his service in the Pacific from March to June 1944, having served as a commanding officer on the USS Bunker Hill during World War II.
# Youchat

* This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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YouChat or YoXin in Chinese’s IS the opposite of WeChat from china. Youchat is banned for in PRC just like how WeCHAT IS BAnned in Republic of china. It was made byjay chou The {{Taiwanese singer C-pop
# Tony Volpentest

Tony Volpentest is a paralympic athlete from the United States competing mainly in category T44 sprint events.
Tony competed at three paralympics for the United States team winning four gold medals and a silver medal. His first games were in the 1992 Summer Paralympics where he broke the world record in the 100m and 200m and was part of the United States 4 × 100 m relay team that finished 0.02 seconds behind the world record setting Australians. At the 1996 Summer Paralympics he again competed in the 100m and 200m and defended both titles with another world record in the 100m. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics he finished fourth in the 100m but was unable to finish the 200m heats. Italian American, his great-grandparents came from Ripabottoni.
# Zoran Janković (water polo)

Zoran Janković (8 January 1940 in Zenica, Kingdom of Yugoslavia – 25 May 2002 in Belgrade, FR Yugoslavia) was a Yugoslav water polo player notable for winning a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and a gold medal in Mexico City in 1968, with the Yugoslavian men's water polo team.
In his career, he played for the Mladost from Zagreb and Partizan from Belgrade.He also played one season as coach/player for Red Star Belgrade in the late 70s.
# Frank Threlfo

Frank Threlfo (1932–2012) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s.

## Playing career

Originally from Maitland, New South Wales, Threlfo was signed by South Sydney in 1952 as a 20-year-old.
Threlfo played two seasons with South Sydney between 1952 and 1953, playing on the wing in 39 first grade games. He won a premiership with Souths, playing on the wing in the victorious 1953 Grand Final team that defeated St George.
Threlfo returned to Maitland, New South Wales the following year and saw out his rugby league career for the local Maitland team. He was awarded Life Membership of the Newcastle Rugby League, after a lifetime of commitment to Rugby League in Newcastle.

## Death

Threlfo died on 10 October 2012, aged 80.
# Ulrike Priller

Ulrike Priller-Dressler (born 6 January 1973) is an Austrian former professional tennis player.
Priller reached a career best ranking of 182 in the world and won four ITF titles.
Her best performance on the WTA Tour was a second round appearance at Brisbane in 1990, which she followed up by making it through to the final qualifying round for the Australian Open.

## ITF finals

* $50,000 tournaments
* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments

### Singles: 6 (4–2)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1. | 19 June 1989 | Velden, Austria | Clay | Birgit Arming | 7–5, 6–1 |
| Loss | 1. | 11 September 1989 | Pamplona, Spain | Clay | Cláudia Chabalgoity | 3–6, 3–6 |
| Win | 2. | 11 November 1991 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Clay | Maria Jose Gaidano | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Loss | 2. | 13 November 1995 | Cairo, Egypt | Clay | Hila Rosen | 3–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 3. | 5 February 1996 | Mallorca, Spain | Clay | Rosa María Andrés Rodríguez | 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 |
| Win | 4. | 1 April 1996 | Athens, Greece | Clay | Ekaterina Sysoeva | 2–6, 6–3, 6–2 |
# Bert Pierce

Robert Bertram Pierce (8 March 1886 – 14 August 1968) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).