OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mari Wolf

Mari Wolf (born August 27, 1927) was an American science fiction writer and magazine columnist. She is credited with the first use of the word "droid" for a robot, in a science fiction story.

## Early life

Mari Wolf was raised in Laguna Beach, California, and studied mathematics at the University of California Los Angeles. She was also interested in rocketry as a young woman.

## Career

Wolf worked in the aerospace industry in Southern California, and was described as a "calculating-machine operator" at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1955. She was active in the earliest days of science fiction fandom and publishing in Los Angeles, and a member of the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society. She wrote a monthly column about fandom, including fan conventions and fanzines. "Fandora's Box" appeared in Imagination magazine from 1951 to 1956. When she resigned from the column after her divorce, Robert Bloch took over as the feature's author.
Stories by Wolf include "Robots of the World! Arise!" (If: Worlds of Science Fiction, 1952), "An Empty Bottle" (If: Worlds of Science Fiction, 1952), "The House on the Vacant Lot" (Fantastic Story, 1952), "Prejudice" (Destiny, 1953), "The Statue" (If: Worlds of Science Fiction, 1953), "Homo Inferior" (If: Worlds of Science Fiction, 1953), "The First Day of Spring" (If: Worlds of Science Fiction, 1954), and "The Very Secret Agent" (If: Worlds of Science Fiction, 1954). The word "droid" for a robot first appears in a 1952 story by Wolf ("Robots of the World! Arise!"). Her mystery novel, The Golden Frame, was published in 1961.
A retrospective anthology, Mari Wolf Resurrected: The Complete Short Stories of Mari Wolf, was published in 2011.

## Personal life

Mari Wolf married fellow science fiction writer Rog Phillips in 1951, in Chicago. They divorced in 1955.
# Bob O'Shannassy

Robert Martin O'Shannassy (born 7 March 1949) is a former Australian cricketer and Australian rules footballer.
O'Shannassy played in four first-class matches for South Australia in 1976/77 and one List A match in 1981/82, and played 16 matches for North Adelaide Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL).
Born in Hindmarsh, an inner suburb of Adelaide, O'Shannassy attended Prospect Primary School and Adelaide High School before studying Pharmacy at the University of Adelaide.

## Cricket

Originally a wicket-keeper, O'Shannassy made his Adelaide Grade cricket debut for Prospect Cricket Club in the 1966/67 season, aged 17 as an all-rounder. He switched to Adelaide University Cricket Club, winning the Bradman Medal for the best player in Adelaide Grade cricket in 1968/69, 1979/80 and 1980/81 before his appointment as captain of Tea Tree Gully Cricket Club in 1983/84. On his retirement from Grade cricket in 1986, O'Shannassy had scored 4278 runs at 18.43 and took 521 wickets at 18.34, with a highest score of 71 and best bowling performance of 8/26.
O'Shannassy made his first-class debut for South Australia on 8 January 1977 against Western Australia at the WACA, scoring 10 and one not out and taking 2/75.
O'Shannassy made his highest first-class score of 48 and best bowling analysis of 2/54 in the same match, against Queensland at the Adelaide Oval but only played one more first-class match for South Australia.
O'Shannassy remained out of the South Australian side until the 1981/82 season when he was chosen to make his List A debut, against New South Wales at the Sydney Cricket Ground on 3 December 1981. He made 4* and took 2/62 from 10 overs as South Australia lost by 111 runs.
# Mike Lucas (cricketer)

Michael John Lucas (born 14 April 1944) is a former Australian cricketer who played first-class cricket for Queensland from 1968 to 1975.
Mike Lucas was a middle-order batsman who scored a century on his first-class debut, making 47 and 107 when Queensland defeated New South Wales in the opening match of the 1968-69 Sheffield Shield season. In all matches that season he made 409 runs at an average of 31.46. However, he was unable to maintain that form in subsequent seasons.
Despite his poor form, midway through the 1971–72 season Lucas was appointed Queensland captain, replacing the long-serving Sam Trimble, who became vice-captain. In his second match as captain Lucas led the team to its only victory of the season, by 17 runs over South Australia. After that season he played only one more first-class match, in 1974–75.
# Rodney Gehan

Rodney Gehan (12 November 1942 – 8 February 2001) was an Australian cricketer. He played in one first-class match for South Australia in 1962/63.
# 2008 in Poland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events during the year 2008 in Poland.

## Incumbents

Incumbents :
| Position | Person | Party |
| President | Lech Kaczyński | Independent (Supported by Law and Justice) |
| Prime Minister | Donald Tusk | Civic Platform |
| Marshal of the Sejm | Bronisław Komorowski | Civic Platform |
| Marshal of the Senate | Bogdan Borusewicz | Independent (Supported by the Civic Platform) |

## Events
### January

* 23 January – Mirosławiec air disaster; an EADS CASA C-295 military transport plane crashed as it approached the Mirosławiec runway, killing all passengers and crew: 20 victims. 3 days of national mourning followed.

### March

* 1 March – Cyclone Emma causes damage in Poland

### June

* 4 June – 6 miners died in a blast in Borynia Coal Mine.

### August

* 5–6 June – 2008 Poland tornado outbreak; 4 fatalities.

## Deaths
### July

* 10 July: Krystyna Kersten, Polish historian.
* 13 July: Bronisław Geremek, Polish politician, died in a car accident.
* 14 July: Antoni Heda, Polish general and partisan.
# 1945 Mongolian independence referendum

An independence referendum was held in the Mongolian People's Republic on 20 October 1945. It was approved by 100% of voters, with no votes against, according to official statistics. Voter turnout was 98%.
Mongolia had gained de facto independence from the Republic of China in the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. In that year the last Chinese troops in Mongolia had been expelled by the White Russian general Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, prompting Soviet intervention. The Mongolian People's Republic was effectively an unrecognized satellite state of the Soviet Union (USSR). Towards the end of World War II, the USSR pushed China for formal recognition of the status quo, threatening to stir up Mongolian nationalism within China. In the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance signed on 14 August 1945, China agreed to recognize Mongolian independence after a successful referendum.

## Results

| Choice | Choice | Votes | % |
| For | For | 487,409 | 100.00 |
| Against | Against | 0 | 0.00 |
| Total | Total | 487,409 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 487,409 | 100.00 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 0 | 0.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | 487,409 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 494,960 | 98.47 |
| Source: Nohlen et al. ||||

## Reactions

In January 1946, the National Government of the Republic of China officially recognized the "independence of Outer Mongolia" based on referendum results.

## Analysis

At the scientific conference dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the referendum, Zandaakhüügiin Enkhbold, speaker of the State Great Khural, said that the referendum in 1945 was the first democratic vote in Mongolia, and was of great historical significance to the independence of the country.
Sergey Radchenko, a professor of East China Normal University noted that the "referendum was regarded by both sides as political theatre, due to the peculiarity of a supposed unanimous 100% vote in favour."
# Peter Kelly (cricketer)

Peter Charles Kelly (28 April 1942 – 9 October 2023) was an Australian cricketer. He played twenty-three first-class matches for New South Wales and Western Australia between 1962–63 and 1966–67.
A right-handed opening batsman, Kelly had an outstanding season for Western Australia in 1965–66, when he scored four centuries, including two in one match against the touring English team. Kelly died in October 2023, at the age of 81.
# Barry Beard

Barry Beard (21 December 1941 – 9 June 2001) was an Australian cricketer. He played two first-class matches for Tasmania between 1974 and 1975.
# 1926 Brooklyn Lions season

The 1926 Brooklyn Lions season was their first and only season in the National Football League (NFL). The team finished 3–8, placing 14th of the 22 teams in the league.

## Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Venue | Recap |
| 1 | September 26 | at Providence Steam Roller | L 0–13 | 0–1 | Cycledrome | Recap |
| 2 | October 10 | Hartford Blues | W 6–0 | 1–1 | Ebbets Field | Recap |
| 3 | October 16 | Pottsville Maroons | L 0–21 | 1–2 | Ebbets Field | Recap |
| 4 | October 17 | at Pottsville Maroons | L 0–14 | 1–3 | Minersville Park | Recap |
| 5 | October 23 | Columbus Tigers | W 20–12 | 2–3 | Ebbets Field | Recap |
| 6 | October 24 | at Hartford Blues | L 6–16 | 2–4 | East Hartford Velodrome | Recap |
| 7 | November 7 | Kansas City Cowboys | L 9–10 | 2–5 | Ebbets Field | Recap |
| 8 | November 14 | Canton Bulldogs | W 19–0 | 3–5 | Ebbets Field | Recap |
| 9 | November 21 | Los Angeles Buccaneers | L 0–20 | 3–6 | Ebbets Field | Recap |
| 10 | November 25 | New York Giants | L 0–17 | 3–7 | Ebbets Field | Recap |
| 11 | November 28 | at New York Giants | L 0–27 | 3–8 | Polo Grounds | Recap |

## Standings

NFL standings :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | PF | PA | STK |
| Frankford Yellow Jackets | 14 | 1 | 2 | .933 | 236 | 49 | W6 |
| Chicago Bears | 12 | 1 | 3 | .923 | 216 | 63 | L1 |
| Pottsville Maroons | 10 | 2 | 2 | .833 | 155 | 29 | T1 |
| Kansas City Cowboys | 8 | 3 | 0 | .727 | 76 | 53 | W7 |
| Green Bay Packers | 7 | 3 | 3 | .700 | 151 | 61 | T1 |
| New York Giants | 8 | 4 | 1 | .667 | 151 | 61 | W3 |
| Los Angeles Buccaneers | 6 | 3 | 1 | .667 | 67 | 57 | L1 |
| Duluth Eskimos | 6 | 5 | 3 | .545 | 113 | 81 | L1 |
| Buffalo Rangers | 4 | 4 | 2 | .500 | 53 | 62 | T1 |
| Chicago Cardinals | 5 | 6 | 1 | .455 | 74 | 98 | L1 |
| Providence Steam Roller | 5 | 7 | 1 | .417 | 89 | 103 | L1 |
| Detroit Panthers | 4 | 6 | 2 | .400 | 107 | 60 | L3 |
| Hartford Blues | 3 | 7 | 0 | .300 | 57 | 99 | L1 |
| Brooklyn Lions | 3 | 8 | 0 | .273 | 60 | 150 | L3 |
| Milwaukee Badgers | 2 | 7 | 0 | .222 | 41 | 66 | L5 |
| Dayton Triangles | 1 | 4 | 1 | .200 | 15 | 82 | L2 |
| Akron Indians | 1 | 4 | 3 | .200 | 23 | 89 | T1 |
| Racine Tornadoes | 1 | 4 | 0 | .200 | 8 | 92 | L4 |
| Columbus Tigers | 1 | 6 | 0 | .143 | 26 | 93 | L5 |
| Canton Bulldogs | 1 | 9 | 3 | .100 | 46 | 161 | L1 |
| Hammond Pros | 0 | 4 | 0 | .000 | 3 | 56 | L4 |
| Louisville Colonels | 0 | 4 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 108 | L4 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
# 1802 in Portugal

Events in the year 1802 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Mary I

## Births

* 23 August – Manuel Inocêncio Liberato dos Santos, musician (died 1887).
* 26 October – Miguel I of Portugal, king (died 1866)
# Tony Dell

Anthony Ross Dell (born 6 August 1945) is a former Australian cricketer who played in two Test matches in the 1970s.

## Cricket career

Dell was a fast-medium seam bowler who played for Queensland and made his debut against England for the vital Seventh Test at Sydney in the 1970–71 Ashes series. With Australia needing to win he opened the bowling with Dennis Lillee and took 2–32 in the first innings – John Edrich caught by Greg Chappell for 30 and Basil d'Oliveira bowled for 1 – as England collapsed to 98–5 and 184 all out. In the second innings he was the best bowler with 3–65, but England made 302 and 223 was too much for Australia to make for victory. Dell batted last and made 3 not out in each innings and so was present at the crease when The Ashes were lost. His five wickets (19.40) put him ahead of Dennis Lillee (8 wickets at 24.87) at the top of the series averages, if you exclude Ian Chappell's one wicket for 10.00. His only other test was the First test against New Zealand at Melbourne in 1973–74 where he did not bat, but took 1–54 and 0–9 in Australia's innings victory.

## Life

Anthony H Ross Dell was born on 6 Aug 1945 in New Milton, Hampshire, England. He lived for some of his childhood in Wales, where he attended Howardian High School in Penylan, Cardiff. He migrated to Australia at the age of 14 when his father was transferred to Queensland, where he attended the Anglican Church Grammar School in Brisbane.
Dell's second initial 'H' stood for the middle name "Hiroshima", although only the 'H' was recorded on his birth certificate. His parents gave him the name to commemorate the bombing of Hiroshima, which occurred on the day of his birth. Dell officially had 'H' omitted from his name while at school.
Dell's year of birth was officially listed as 1947 throughout his career and long into his retirement; he revealed in 2021 that he had lied about his age to improve his chances of selection for test matches.
Dell served in the Vietnam War as a national serviceman in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment from May 1967 until March 1968. He took part in several battles around the Australian base at Nui Dat.
He worked in an advertising agency in Brisbane until the 1990s, when the company collapsed.
As a result of his military service, Dell had posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), undiagnosed until 2008. He founded the PTSD support group Stand Tall for PTS. Stand Tall For PTS was the official charity partner of the Prime Minister's XI match at Manuka Oval on 14 January 2015 versus the English cricket team.
Dell is the subject of the biography And Bring the Darkness Home written with the journalist Greg Milam and published by Pitch Publishing in 2021.
# 1815 in Portugal

Events in the year 1815 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Mary I

## Events

* 26 December – Count of Barca, title created

## Births

* 11 February – João Afonso da Costa de Sousa de Macedo, 1st Duke of Albuquerque (died 1890).
* 1 August – José Carlos O'Neill, titular head of the Clanaboy O'Neill dynasty (d 1887)

## Deaths

* Carlos Amarante, engineer and architect (b. 1748)
# Mark Gaskell

Mark Gaskell (born 17 October 1956) is an Australian cricketer. He played in sixteen first-class matches and three List-A matches for Queensland between 1977/78 and 1982/83. His father, Brian, was a life member of Queensland Cricket who played for Eastern Suburbs in Brisbane Grade Cricket and served as State Director of Coaching.

## Early life

Gaskell was born and raised in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. He attended Brisbane State High School.
He commenced his cricket career at Wynnum Manly in Brisbane Grade Cricket and ultimately succeeded his brother-in-law Wayne Broad as captain of the club in 1988.

## Career

Gaskell debuted in First-class cricket for Queensland as an opening batsman in the 1977-78 season. His batting was described as "entertaining" in a Sheffield Shield match against New South Wales, and he opened with West Indian Test player Alvin Kallicharran who was playing for Queensland in a game against Western Australia. He struggled at the start of the 1978-79 season, struggling to score runs quickly, and was dropped in November 1978 for John Buchanan after failing in two games. In November 1981 he was recalled to the Queensland First-class side when opener Martin Kent withdrew from the team due to a back injury, and in December he played for Queensland in a tour game against the West Indian Test team.
Gaskell has continued to play cricket into old age and in 2019 he captained the Australian Over-60's side on a tour of England. As of 2020 he was owner of Gabba Sporting Goods which that year donated thousands of dollars of cricket equipment to assist young Zimbabweans in the sport with Gaskell noting he had visited Zimbabwe and understood the importance of such a donation due to the difficult situation in the country.
# 1864 in Portugal

Events in the year 1864 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis I
* Prime Minister: Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, 1st Duke of Loulé

## Events

* 11 September - Legislative election.
* 29 September – Signing of the Treaty of Lisbon, on boundaries between Spain and Portugal
* Banco Nacional Ultramarino established

## Births

* 6 June – Alfredo de Sá Cardoso, military officer and politician (died 1950)
* 11 August – Duarte Leite, historian, mathematician, journalist, diplomat and politician (died 1950)
# 1869 in Portugal

Events in the year 1869 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis I
* Prime Ministers: Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, 1st Marquis of Sá da Bandeira (until 11 August); Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, 1st Duke of Loulé (starting 11 August)

## Events

* 27 February – King Louis signs a decree of the government, chaired by the Marquis Sá da Bandeira, abolishing slavery in all Portuguese territories.

## Births

* 18 October – José Marques da Silva, architect (died 1947)
* 24 November – Óscar Carmona, president (died 1951)

## Deaths

* 30 September – Francisco Luís Gomes, physician, writer, historian, economist, political scientist and MP (born 1829)
# 1875 in Portugal

Events in the year 1875 in Portugal. There were 455,000 registered voters in the country.

## Incumbents

* King: Luís I
* President of the Council of Ministers: Fontes Pereira de Melo

## Events

* Creation of the Lisbon Geographic Society.
* Creation of the Portuguese Socialist Party.
* First football match in the country.
* Publication of O Crime do Padre Amaro, by José Maria de Eça de Queirós.
* Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro creates the Zé Povinho character.

## Deaths

* José Alberto dos Reis, jurist (died 1955)
* José António Duro, poet (died 1899)

## Births

* 22 May - Nuno José Severo de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, 1st Duke of Loulé, politician (born 1804)
* 18 June - António Feliciano de Castilho, writer, poet (born 1800)
* Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain, infante (born 1811 in Brazil)
# 1877 in Portugal

Events in the year 1877 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Luís I
* President of the Council of Ministers: Fontes Pereira de Melo (until 5 March), António José de Ávila (from 5 March)

## Events

* 4 November - Inauguration of the Maria Pia Bridge, in Porto.
* Opening of the Campanhã railway station, in Porto.

## Births

* 2 November - Teixeira de Pascoaes, poet (died 1952)

## Deaths

* 13 September - Alexandre Herculano, novelist, historian (born 1810)
# Kaiyum Kalavum

Kaiyum Kalavum (transl. Red handed) is an Indian streaming television series written and directed by Roju Produced by Kalyan Subramanian and Presented by Karthik Subbaraj under his banner Stone Bench films. The series stars Sanchana Natrajan, Rohit, Madonna Sebastian, Karu Pazhaniappan, Senthil, Ramya Nambessan, Vivek Prasanna, Vijay Adiraj. Chinmayi and Simha serve as Narrators of the series. Music and background score was composed by Sundaramurthy KS and songs by Satish Raghunathan Cinematography handled by Sandeep K Vijay and editing was done by Manikandan B and Radha Sridhar. The series was released at SonyLIV on 4 November 2022.

## Cast

* Sanchana Natrajan as Anbu
* Rohit Nandakumar (Roju) as Boy
* Madonna Sebastian as Meenakshi
* Ramya Nambessan as House wife
* Jeeva Subramanian as PMC
* Gajaraj as Police Officer
* Senthil as The Father
* Karu Palaniyappan as Librarian
* Vivek Prasanna as Vakkil
* Vijay Adiraj
* Vikas as Aayiram
* Avinash Raghudevan as Nalla
* Jane Thompson as Mandhiri

### Narrators

* Chinmayi and Simha

## Production

On 27 October 2022 S J Suryah revealed the first look Poster on Twitter. SonyLiv released the official trailer of the series on 28 October 2022.

## Music

The soundtrack album and background score for Kaiyum Kalavum were composed by Sundaramurthy KS and songs by Satish Raghunathan.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| 1 | "Once Upon A Time" | Roju | Roju | 4 November 2022 (2022-11-04) |
| 2 | "The Housewife Who hates Love" | Roju | Roju | 4 November 2022 (2022-11-04) |
| 3 | "The Head of the Family" | Roju | Roju | 4 November 2022 (2022-11-04) |
| 4 | "The hunter" | Roju | Roju | 4 November 2022 (2022-11-04) |
| 5 | "The Bookworm" | Roju | Roju | 4 November 2022 (2022-11-04) |
| 6 | "The Widow" | Roju | Roju | 4 November 2022 (2022-11-04) |
| 7 | "The Devotee" | Roju | Roju | 4 November 2022 (2022-11-04) |
| 8 | "The End to A New beginning" | Roju | Roju | 4 November 2022 (2022-11-04) |

## Release

The series was released at SonyLIV on 4 November 2022.
# 1878 in Portugal

Events in the year 1878 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis I
* Prime Minister: António José de Ávila, 1st Duke of Ávila and Bolama (until 26 January); Fontes Pereira de Melo (starting 26 January)

## Events

* 13 October – Portuguese legislative election, 1878

## Births

* 6 April – Carolina Beatriz Ângelo, physician (died 1911)
* 8 October – Walther Katzenstein, sports rower (died 1929).
* 9 November – Álvaro de Castro, politician (died 1928)

## Deaths

* 6 October – Daniel da Silva, mathematician (born 1814)
# John Donaldson (Australian cricketer)

John Donaldson (born 14 April 1950) is an Australian cricketer. He played seven first-class matches for South Australia between 1972 and 1974.
Born to Peter and Enid, John was raised in Richmond with his younger brothers Graeme and Robert. All three brothers would later play for West Adelaide Football Club.
While studying to become a Physical Education teacher, Donaldson played for Student Teachers in the South Australian Amateur Football League, winning the Hone Medal (the League’s Best and Fairest) in 1972. He went on to play three games for West Adelaide Football Club the same year, before following John Halbert to Sturt Football Club. He retired from football in 1977 after an ankle injury. He continued as runner for Glenelg Football Club for two seasons.
During his studies, Donaldson also played cricket for Student Teachers District Cricket Club, where he held the district wicket keeping record for most dismissals in an innings (seven) for 33 years. John made his State debut for South Australia in 1972 in the final game of the season, selected as a batsman rather than wicket keeper. Donaldson played 12 games for South Australia, seven First Class and five One Day matches. He continued to play for Student Teachers District Cricket Club until 1978 then as a playing coach for West Torrens Cricket Club until 1984, winning the CW Walker Wicket Keeping Trophy (highest wicket taker) three times and runner up four times.
During his teaching career, Donaldson taught at Plympton High School, Para Hills High School, Keith Area School and Marryatville High School. He was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in 2000 for his contribution to sport in South Australia.
* Donaldson playing cricket for South Australia in 1973
* Donaldson at football training in the early 1970's
# 1879 in Portugal

Events in the year 1879 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Luís I
* President of the Council of Ministers: Fontes Pereira de Melo (until 1 June), Anselmo José Braamcamp (from 1 June)

## Events

* 19 October - Legislative election

## Births

* 21 November - Raul Lino, architect (died 1974)
* 30 December - Manuel Gourlade, football manager (died 1908)
* António Correia de Oliveira, poet (died 1960)

## Deaths

* 20 February - Joaquim Heliodoró da Cunha Rivara, physician, professor, intellectual, politician (born 1809)
* Eugênia Câmara, actress (born 1837)
# 1886 in Portugal

Events in the year 1886 in Portugal.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Luís I
* President of the Council of Ministers: Fontes Pereira de Melo (until 20 February), José Luciano de Castro (from 20 February)

## Events

* 12 May - Angola is incorporated as a colony.
* 19 May - Creation of the Duke of Albuquerque title.
* Homosexuality is criminalized.
* Completion of the Monument to the Restorers, in Restauradores Square, Lisbon.

## Births

* 29 January - Henrique de Sommer, industrialist (died 1944)
* 14 February - Luís Wittnich Carrisso, botanist (died 1937)
* 3 March - António Silva, actor (died 1971)

## Deaths

* 19 July - Cesário Verde, poet (born 1855)