# Croisière des Sables Expeditions

The Croisiere des Sables Expeditions were held in 1977 as an attempt to pass through the entirety of the Sahara desert. The convoy consisted of 7 vehicles, by Saviem. The purpose was to demonstrate its new 4x4 trucks, long-distant travel, and also mark down beacons across its route.

## Routes Involved
### The Imperial Track

The only road from Morocco to Mauritania was the Imperial Track, located in a dangerous unmarked area. Ever since its creation, the route has hardly ever changed.

### Cape Verde Red Sea Axis

The Cape Verde Red Sea axis is a west-east route. The route was formed, as there was no proper road from Africa to the Maghreb Countries, and Mecca. The route was once taken by Mauritanian pilgrims going to Mecca until the existence of automobiles.
In Algeria, three tracks stretch across black Africa:

### The Reggan Track

The Reggan Track stretches from the west via Tanezrouft.

### The Djanet Track

The Djanet Track heads towards the Nigerian Djado, following a route marked out by Missions Berliet-Ténéré.

### The Tamanrasset Track

The Tamanrasset Track stretches from Algeria to Nigeria, and was transformed into a tarmac road. The road has not held up to the desert’s harsh environment, and is usually torn away from powerful torrents.

## The Croisière des Sables Expedition
### Planning

The project’s initiator, Christian Galissian drew inspiration from earlier Citroën expeditions, specifically the Crosière Noire in 1924 and the Croisière Jaume in 1932. This time, there would be 7 Saviem trucks to participate. The team consisted of drivers, mechanics, engineers, reporters, cameramen, and a doctor.
The organisers had to choose a route to pass through, as there was no transversal track to cross North Africa from west to east. They noted that the light 4x4s have a very sufficient payload to carry men and food, but not water and fuel. The planned route was over 10,500 km (incoming 6,500 km off-road) and because of this, the Crosière des Sables planned to pass through six oases. It was apparent that they will need all-wheel trucks as it was able to carry everything necessary. One of the SM8 4x4s transported 200l drums, each truck carriers four to six wet nurses, a barrel of water, food, and sand removal plates to be fixed onto the exterior of the bodywork. In total, each vehicle weighed 15 tons, which was relatively low.

### Beginning of the Expeditions

The Croisiere des Sables carried out expeditions from January to April 1977 using Saviem TP3 4x4 and the SM8 4x4. One of their objectives was making their own trail, and marking it with large blue and white markers.
In 1976, Renault truck brand Saviem quickly got involved in the operation as the manufacturer saw it as an excellent way to promote its 4x4 trucks (specifically TP3 and SM8 4x4). During the journey, the progression consisted of riding ten hours a day, which is enough to cover around 10 kilometres. It is also possible to speed at 80 km/h over 200 km when a dune does not require that much effort.

### Journey

The convoy left at Nouakchott on 4 January to begin the journey located in Gao, and finally ended in April, Kharga, Egypt. The team consisted of 5 SM8s, 2 TP3s, and 12 men. While passing by Gao, the Doctor was the first person and only person to leave the team, due to unliking the nature of Galissian. The TP3 trucks faced many mechanical issues, including a two-week stop in Agadez (Niger), while waiting for spare parts from France. Sandstorms and frequent sand entrapments prolonged the mission. The route was roughly 7000 – 10,000 km long, and lasted three months.

### Aftermath

In 1977, the Croisière des Sables fuelled public interest in cross the African deserts. The success of the expedition demonstrated very long-distance travel, on difficult terrain or areas that have been little or not explored. Previous expeditions such Croisière noire Citroën and Mission Berliet au Ténéré have also adopted heavy goods vehicles.

### Vehicles

The following list is the seven vehicles used during the Croisiere des Sables Expeditions:
* TP3 (2)
* SM8 (5)

### The Saviem Track

The Saviem Track begins in Gao, where the installation of the iconic Saviem markers begins in places where vehicle passage is rare. It was likely that the Saviem trucks were the first to hit the ground in many places of the Croisière des Sables itinerary.

## Saviem Balises

There were 25 Saviem Balises that were all installed in 1977 in order to mark the Saviem Track. These beacons were used as indicators that the track ahead will be difficult. On present day, passersby can place a sticker on the blue and white panel.
Saviem Balises :
| Balise | Condition | Location |
| Saviem Balise 1 | | |
| Saviem Balise 2 | | |
| Saviem Balise 3 | | |
| Saviem Balise 4 | | |
| Saviem Balise 5 | | |
| Saviem Balise 6 | | |
| Saviem Balise 7 | | |
| Saviem Balise 8 | | |
| Saviem Balise 9 | | |
| Saviem Balise 10 | | |
| Saviem Balise 11 | | |
| Saviem Balise 12 | | |
| Saviem Balise 13 | | |
| Saviem Balise 14 | | |
| Saviem Balise 15 | | |
| Saviem Balise 16 | Remnants remain | |
| Saviem Balise 17 | | |
| Saviem Balise 18 | | |
| Saviem Balise 19 | | |
| Saviem Balise 20 | | |
| Saviem Balise 21 | | |
| Saviem Balise 22 | Standing – paint wear is noticeable | 23° 48' 24.84" N 27° 15' 31.86" E |
| Saviem Balise 23 | | |
| Saviem Balise 24 | | |
| Saviem Balise 25 | | |