OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John S. Thompsonbrug

The John S. Thompsonbrug is a bridge over the Maas River between Grave and Nederasselt in the Netherlands.

## Construction

The bridge was built in 1929 as part of the main road between 's-Hertogenbosch and Nijmegen. It still carries that road, now signed provincial route N324.

## Capture by Allies during World War II

In 1944, as a first lieutenant, John S. Thompson led his men during an air raid as part of Operation Market Garden. The light in the jump bay of the platoon's C-47 Skytrain came on later than expected, moving their landing zone from its intended location near Grave, North Brabant; the plane was passing over buildings when the paratroopers were signalled to leave the aircraft, and Thompson decided to wait until reaching several approaching fields.
Thompson led his platoon in an attack against the nearby bridge spanning the Maas River, which was defended by German forces supplemented by two 20 mm flak guns, one on the near side of the bridge and one across the river. The platoon opened fire on the German forces, killing four. Two trucks of German soldiers arrived on the scene, but they "showed no desire to fight... [and] ran away". Thompson's platoon destroyed "electrical equipment and cables that they expected were hooked up to demolitions", and their bazooka operator destroyed the nearer flak gun, permitting the establishment of a roadblock on the bridge while waiting for the remainder of the 82nd Airborne.

## Renaming

Having had no official name, the bridge was renamed in 2004 to John S. Thompsonbrug in honor of Thompson's platoon's capture. Many veterans of World War II, as well as Thompson's wife, attended the ceremony.

## Gallery

* The bridge being crossed by military vehicles
* A view from ground level
* Cyclists crossing the outside lanes
* The current lock in the canal under the bridge
* Old canal lock - Control room in bridge
* Old canal lock in the canal under the bridge
# Brad Davis (rugby league)

Brad Davis (born 30 April 1982) is a rugby league footballer who previously played for the Gold Coast Titans in the National Rugby League. He played as a half-back.

## Early life

Davis grew up in Werris Creek NSW. He participated in many Catholic School Representative teams and other schoolboy football teams.

## Playing career

In 2007 Davis helped the Tweed Heads Seagulls become the first NSW based team to win the Queensland Cup, winning the inaugural Duncal Hall Medal for man-of-the-match in the grand final.
Davis made his National Rugby League debut in 2008, playing in six matches for the Gold Coast Titans.
Davis is the Tweed Heads Seagulls leading points scorer of all time. He scored a total of 677 points in 92 games for the club in the Queensland Cup.

## Post career

Davis coaches a Palm Beach Currumbin Sports High rugby league team. He is currently the Transition Coach for the Gold Coast Titans.
# Lenox Township, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania

Lenox Township is a township in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,598 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 41.1 square miles (106 km$^2$), of which 40.6 square miles (105 km$^2$) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km$^2$) (1.22%) is water.

## History

What is now known as Lenox Township was incorporated as Nicholson Township in 1795. It was renamed Lenox Township in 1813. The current village of Lenoxville was originally called "Doud's Hollow", and was first settled by Isaac Doud in 1797. The borough of Hop Bottom was formed from a part of Lenox Township in 1881.

## Notable person

Galusha A. Grow, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863 and one of the creators of the Homestead Act of 1862, spent much of his adult life at Glenwood in Lenox Township.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,934 people, 768 households, and 536 families residing in the township. The population density was 47.6 people per square mile (18.4 people/km$^2$). There were 963 housing units at an average density of 23.7 per square mile (9.2/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98% White, 0.3% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.
There were 768 households, out of which 29% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the township the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 61.7% from 18 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years.
The median income for a household in the township was $42,206, and the median income for a family was $49,489. Males had a median income of $39,667 versus $31,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $23,674. About 4.9% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.7% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over.
# Dusicyon

Dusicyon is an extinct genus of South American canids.

## Taxonomy

The type species is Dusicyon australis, the Falkland Islands wolf. In 1914, Oldfield Thomas established this genus, in which he included the culpeo and other South American foxes. These other canids were removed to Lycalopex by Langguth in 1975. There is still much debate about the classification of Dusicyon cultridens. It has been suggested that this species be placed in the genera Canis or Lycalopex. This debate makes D. cultridens poorly researched.

## Extinctions

Dusicyon avus, widely distributed in the late Pleistocene from Uruguay through Buenos Aires Province to southernmost Chile, is the closest known relative of the Falkland Islands wolf; the two lineages split only about 16,000 years ago. It died out in the late Holocene, earlier estimates suggested about 2,980 years ago on the island of Tierra del Fuego and almost 1,700 years ago in the continent. More recent research confirms much later extinction dates, with the latest confirmed records in the Pampean Region being 700 BP (1232–1397 AD) and southernmost Patagonia at 400 years BP (1454–1626 AD).
# Ernie Parker

Ernest Frederick Parker (5 November 1883 – 2 May 1918) was an Australian tennis player and cricketer.

## Career

Ernie Parker was educated at Perth High School and St Peter's College, Adelaide, before joining his father's law firm in Perth.

### Tennis

Parker is best remembered for winning the 1913 Australasian Championships men's singles title. In the final against Harry Parker, he made many successful forays to the net and he won in four sets. He also reached the final in 1909 and won the 1909 (partnering J. Keane) and 1913 (partnering Alf Hedeman) doubles titles.
He won the Western Australian Championships six times: 1903, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1911 and 1912. In 1905 he won the Maerenbad Cup in Marienbad Brandenberg, Germany, on clay, beating Kurt von Wessely.
Parker's play was described as "quick, wristy, and always looking for a 'winner'". Slightly built, he was noted for his exceptional net play, but his serve was his weakness, described as "merely a means of putting the ball into play".

### Cricket

Parker was able to excel at both tennis and cricket because at the time tennis was mostly a winter game in Perth. He played cricket for East Perth (Perth Cricket Club) and Wanderers in the Western Australian Grade Cricket competition. An elegant batsman, he was the first player to score a double-century in senior Perth cricket, and set a long-standing record of 19 centuries in the competition.
He represented Western Australia in first-class cricket between 1905 and 1910 in the years before Western Australia joined the Sheffield Shield competition. He was the first player to score a first-class century for Western Australia, when he made 116 in his second match. He also made 117 in only 82 minutes against Victoria in 1910. He was included in two trial matches to select the Australian team to tour England in 1909, but without success.

### War service and death

Despite failing eyesight, which had affected his later sporting career, Parker enlisted in the Australian army in World War I. A gunner in the 102 Howitzer Battery, 2nd Brigade, he was killed by an enemy shell on 2 May 1918 in Caëstre, France.
A biography, Ernest Parker: Not a Love Story, by Max Bonnell and Andrew Sproul, was published by The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians in 2024.

## Grand Slam finals
### Singles 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

| Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Runner-up | 1909 | Australasian Championships | Grass | Anthony Wilding | 1–6, 5–7, 2–6 |
| Winner | 1913 | Australasian Championships | Grass | Harry Parker | 2–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–3 |

### Doubles: 2 (2 titles)

| Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Winner | 1909 | Australasian Championships | Grass | J. P. Keane | Tom Crooks Anthony Wilding | 1–6, 6–1, 6–1, 9–7 |
| Winner | 1913 | Australasian Championships | Grass | Alf Hedeman | Harry Parker Roy Taylor | 8–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 |
# Kyle White (rugby league)

Kyle White (12 January 1970 – 21 March 2023) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer who played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Western Suburbs Magpies and the Illawarra Steelers in the NSWRL and ARL competitions. White also played for Widnes and Workington Town in England.

## Rugby league career

White, a forward, was a student at Patrician Brothers' College, Fairfield and earned Australian Schoolboys honours in 1987. From 1989 to 1991, White played first-grade for Canterbury as a second rower and amassed 24 premiership appearances. He captained Canterbury at Under 21s level.
White transferred to Western Suburbs in 1992 and made a switch to the front row, playing as a prop. Some of his first-grade games for Western Suburbs were with younger brother Josh, a five-eighth and halfback. During this period, White had a stint in England with Workington Town. After finishing his Australian career with a season at Illawarra in 1996, White had another stint in England, where he captained Widnes for two seasons.

## Personal life

During his time in Widnes he owned and ran Kelly's pub in the town centre. He was also noted to be a talented musician. In 2006, White contracted pneumonia and spent two weeks in a coma during which time his son, Levi, was born. He also had a stepdaughter, Eliza, who he helped raise from an early age.
In 2019, when White lived in Queensland he was reported to have struggled with alcoholism and a brief period of homelessness. In early 2020, he returned in Sydney and a few months later was engaged to Melanie Sullivan. On 21 March 2023, he died from a heart attack at the home they shared in Penrith at the age of 53. His brain was donated by Melanie Sullivan to research and the Australian Sports Brain Bank found that White had chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) which is linked to repeated trauma to the head.
# Jason Schimmel

Jason Schimmel (born June 30, 1978) is an American composer, guitarist, musician, recording engineer and producer from Los Angeles, California. He is a founding member of the bands Estradasphere, Red Fiction (formerly known as Atomic Ape), and Orange Tulip Conspiracy. He is an active member in Trey Spruance's Secret Chiefs 3. He has also performed with John Zorn's Masada, J.G. Thirlwell, Neil Hamburger, Amanda Palmer, Michael White, Eyvind Kang, Wayne Horvitz and Jason Webley.

## Discography
### Estradasphere

* The Pegasus Vault EP (2008) Lobefood
* DVD: Palace of Mirrors Live (2007) the End Records
* Palace of Mirrors (2006) the End Records
* DVD: These are the Days (2005)
* DVD: Passion for Life (2004) Mimicry Records
* Quadropus (2003) Mimicry Records
* Buck Fever (2001) Mimicry Records
* The Silent Elk of Yesterday (2001) Mimicry Records
* It's Understood (2000) Mimicry Records

### Secret Chiefs 3

* Ishraqiyun: Perichoresis (2014) Mimicry Records
* Book of Souls: Folio A (2013) Mimicry Records
* La Chanson de Jacky / The Western Exile (2012) Mimicry Records
* Traditionalists: Le Mani Destre Recise Degli Ultimi Uomini (2009) Mimicry Records
* Xaphan: Book of Angels Volume 9 (2008) Tzadik Records
* Path of Most Resistance (2007) Mimicry Records
* Book of Horizons (2004) Mimicry Records
* Book M (2001) Mimicry Records

### Atomic Ape

* Swarm (2014) Mimicry Records
* Rampage 7" (2014) Mimicry Records

### Red Fiction

* Visions of the Void (2020) Tzadik

### Other

* Orange Tulip Conspiracy Orange Tulip Conspiracy (2008) Mimicry Records
* Amanda Palmer Theatre Is Evil (2012) 8 Ft. Records
* Amanda Palmer Who Killed Amanda Palmer (2008) Roadrunner Records
* Vladimir Bozar 'n' ze Sharaf Orkestar Universal Sprache (2008) Imago Records
* Evelyn Evelyn Evelyn Evelyn (2010) 8 Ft. Records, 11 Records
* Neil Hamburger First of Dismay (2014) Drag City
* Foetus Soak (2013) Ectopic Ents
* Colette Hypnotized (2005) OM Records

### Film

* Walk-ins Welcome (2012) Rojée Crumbe Films Inc
# Wally Gibbins

Walter Edward Gibbins (14 April 1890 – 17 March 1964) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Fred Turnbull (Australian footballer)

Frederick Phipps Walter "Fred" Turnbull (4 February 1884 – 16 August 1947) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Brunswick, Prahran, and Brighton in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), and with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He also coached both the VFA club Brighton, and the VAFA club Caulfield Grammarians Football Club.

## Family

The son of John Morier Turnbull (1845-1907) and Mary Jane Turnbull (née Macey) (1846-21 August 1928), he was born on 4 February 1884 (one of, perhaps, as many as fourteen children born alive). He married Adelena Esther Frances "Lena" Mathews (1884-) on 10 August 1904.
He was divorced from her, and granted custody of their one-year-old child, on the grounds of her "infidelity" (at the time of the hearing his occupation was given as "nightwatchman"); Turnbull's older brother, Sydney Alexander Duncan Turnbull (1880-) — the father of Lena'a second child, Gladys Victoria Alice Turnbull, born in 1907 — was cited as the correspondent (and had costs awarded against him).
Fred married Isabel Walker (1895-1967) in 1917.
He died on 16 August 1947.

## Football
### Player
#### VFA

He played with VFA team Brunswick in 1909 and 1910. He successfully requested a transfer to Prahran in 1910, and was a regular team member for the 1910 season.
He transferred to Brighton in 1911. In 1911, Turnbull was reported for striking Essendon Association player Dave McNamara in the 29 July 1911 Essendon v. Brighton match; the tribunal found him guilty and suspended him for 12 months. He was Brighton's captain in 1914, 1915 and, after playing for St Kilda, he returned to Brighton and played in the 1920 season.

#### VFL

Recruited directly from Brighton in mid-season, he played seven senior matches for St Kilda in 1915, making his debut, aged 31, kicking one goal, in St Kilda's 12.17 (89) to 8.7 (55) victory over Geelong in round 11, at the Junction Oval, on 3 July 1915. He played six more senior games that season. He played one more senior game for St Kilda, aged 34, against Essendon, on 18 May 1918 (due to the war, St Kilda did not compete in the VFL competition in either 1916 or 1917).

### Coach
#### VFA

He coached VFA team Brighton in 1914, and 1915.

#### MAFA

He coached the (then) Old Caulfield Grammarians to a premiership win in B Grade of the (then) Metropolitan Amateur Football Association in 1925.

### Umpire

He umpired a single VFL senior match in 1923: the round 7 match, between Melbourne and Essendon at the M.C.G, on 16 June 1923. His performance as a field umpire drew some criticism.
# Katsumi Nakamura

Katsumi Nakamura (中村 克, Nakamura Katsumi, born 21 February 1994) is a Japanese swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He qualified to represent Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Personal life

In December 23, 2024, Nakamura and actress Umika Kawashima, jointly announced that they have tied the knot.
# Michael Bani

Michael Bani (born 3 July 1984) is an Indigenous Australia and PNG former professional rugby league footballer. He was last contracted to the Canberra Raiders, and has previously played in the National Rugby League (NRL) for the North Queensland Cowboys and the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. He played as a fullback, and could also play on the wing.

## Background

Bani was born in Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia.

## Playing career

Bani was a late starter in rugby league, having first attempted to pursue a career in basketball. At the age of 21 he started playing in Queensland club competitions, before being picked up by the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles in 2007. He made his NRL debut for Manly that year and made 20 first-grade appearances for the club, scoring eight tries. He joined the North Queensland Cowboys during the 2009 season in a swap that saw Ben Farrar move from the Cowboys to Manly. Bani's contract with the Cowboys expired at the end of the 2011 season. He signed for the Canberra Raiders for 2012. In 2014 he played for the Goulburn Workers.
Bani was named in the Papua New Guinea training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.
# Jack MacDonald (footballer)

Jack MacDonald (born 16 May 1927) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
McDonald, from Carey Grammar originally, came to Hawthorn from Camberwell. He had initially trained with Melbourne, but Hawthorn made a claim for him as he was in their residential zone.
After finishing second to Pat Cash in the Hawthorn goal-kicking in his first season, he topped the list in 1952, with 25 goals.
# Edgar Mayne

Edgar Richard "Ernie" Mayne (2 July 1882 – 26 October 1961) was an Australian cricketer who played as a right-handed batsman and bowler.
Mayne played in four Test matches for Australia between 1912 and 1921. He made his Test debut on 15 July 1912 against South Africa in the 1912 Triangular Tournament in England. His final two Tests came on the Australian tour to South Africa in 1921/22, with his last test appearance at Newlands Cricket Ground.
Mayne played first-class cricket for South Australia and Victoria between 1906 and 1925.
# Walter Cazen

Walter E. Cazen (September 29, 1911 – May 7, 1946) was a professional baseball player. An outfielder, Cazen played his entire career in minor league baseball.

## Hall of Fame

Cazen played from 1931 through 1945. He played in the International League for eight seasons as a member of the Baltimore Orioles, Rochester Red Wings, and Syracuse Chiefs. He set Chiefs records for stolen bases in a career (140) and for a single season (74), and the single season hits record. In December 1945, Cazen was diagnosed with tuberculosis. He died the following May.
In 2002, he was named to the Syracuse Baseball Wall of Fame. He was inducted into the International League Hall of Fame in 2009.
# 1993 in Nigeria

This article is about the particular significance of the year 1993 to Nigeria and its people.

## Incumbents
### Federal government

* Head of State:
** Until 26 August: Ibrahim Babangida
** 26 August–17 November: Ernest Shonekan
** Starting 17 November: Sani Abacha
* Chief of General Staff:
** Until 26 August: Augustus Aikhomu
** 26 August–17 November: vacant
** Starting 17 November: Oladipo Diya
* Chief of Defence Staff: Sani Abacha (Until 17 November); Oladipo Diya (Starting 17 November)
* Chief Justice: Mohammed Bello

### Governors

* Adamawa State: Abubakar Saleh Michika (until 17 November)
* Akwa Ibom State: Akpan Isemin (until 18 November)
* Anambra State: Chukwuemeka Ezeife (until 17 November)
* Bendel State: Dahiru Mohammed (until November)
* Benue State: Moses Adasu (until November)
* Borno State: Maina Maaji Lawan (until November)
* Cross River State: Clement Ebri (until November)
* Delta State: Felix Ibru (until 17 November)
* Edo State: John Odigie Oyegun (until November)
* Gongola State: Okwesilieze Nwodo (until November)
* Imo State: Evan Enwerem (until November)
* Jigawa State: Ali Sa'ad Birnin-Kudu (until November)
* Kaduna State: Mohammed Dabo Lere (until 17 November)
* Kano State: Kabiru Ibrahim Gaya (until November)
* Katsina State: Saidu Barda (until November)
* Kebbi State: Abubakar Musa (until November)
* Kogi State: Abubakar Audu (until November)
* Kwara State: Shaaba Lafiaji (until November)
* Lagos State: Michael Otedola (until 17 November)
* Niger State: Musa Inuwa (until November)
* Ogun State: Olusegun Osoba (until November)
* Osun State: Isiaka Adeleke (until 17 November)
* Oyo State: Kolapo Olawuyi Ishola (until 17 November)
* Taraba State: Jolly Nyame (until 17 November)
* Yobe State: Bukar Ibrahim (until 17 November)

## Events

* June 12, 1993 — MKO Abiola wins the presidential election; President Ibrahim Babangida annuls the election.
* August 26, 1993 — President Ibrahim Babangida steps down due to pressure from the Armed Forces Ruling Council. Ernest Shonekan assumes the reins of power as the Interim Head of State.
* November 17, 1993 — Ernest Shonekan is forced to resign from office. Defence Minister, Sani Abacha becomes Head of State, and establishes the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria.

## Births

* January 1 – Michael Olaitan, footballer
* May 1 – Ifeoma Nwoye, wrestler
* December 10 - Odunayo Adekuoroye, wrestler
# Bill Hore

William Hore (24 March 1890 – 15 September 1971) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda, Carlton and Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Jock Menzies

John Menzies (31 October 1887 – 14 May 1967) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

The son of Andrew Constable Menzies (1858–1939), and Williamina Menzies (1858-1919), née Smith, John Menzies was born at Port Melbourne, Victoria on 31 October 1887.
He married Elsie Louise Martin (1886-1966) on 5 September 1922. They had one child: a daughter, Dorothy Elsie Menzies (1924-2023), later, Mrs. Kenneth David Gould.

## Football

On 23 April 1913 he was cleared from Port Melbourne to St Kilda.

### St Kilda (VFL)

Menzies made his debut, as the resting forward-pocket rover, for St Kilda, against South Melbourne, at the Lake Oval, on 26 April 1913.

### Port Melbourne (VFA)

On 28 May 1914 Menzies was cleared from St Kilda to Port Melbourne. He played in 8 games, at centre half-forward, in the 1914 season, kicking 4 goals.

## Military service

He enlisted on 15 September 1914, and served overseas with the Australian Army Medical Corps of the First AIF. He was wounded twice, in action — on 3 May 1915, and on 21 August 1915 — while serving in the Dardanelles campaign, and returned to Australia on HMAT A29 Suevic, arriving in Melbourne on 5 January 1919.

## Death

He died at West Essendon on 14 May 1967.