OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# River of Shadows

River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West is a 2003 book by American writer Rebecca Solnit, published by Viking; in the United Kingdom it was published by Bloomsbury as Motion Studies: Time, Space and Eadweard Muybridge. The book is a biographical portrait of photographer and inventor Eadweard Muybridge, a history of the development of technological change in the West during the later half of the nineteenth century that led to development of the modern film industry in Hollywood and later the information technology industry in Silicon Valley, and an essay focusing on a series of connections between Muybridge's life and the changing human landscape of the American West.
In 2004, Solnit was awarded the National Book Critics Circle Award in Criticism, the Sally Hacker Prize from the Society for the History of Technology, and Harvard's Mark Lynton History Prize for River of Shadows.

## Background and Contents

In an interview with PBS, Solnit explains that Muybridge was born in 1830, the same year the first passenger railway ran in England and thus his life spans from the birth of the railroad through the birth of aviation technology. Muybridge's life story itself seems to hinge on three major crises: his carriage accident, his murder of his wife's lover, and his break with patron Leland Stanford. At the same time, his lifespan is also situated in a period and place during which the world around him was changing rapidly and, Solnit argues, in which human experience of time was also changing as a result of new technology. In 11 chapters, Solnit examines how the telegraph, the railroad, photography, and the science of geology all changed how humans understood time and situates Muybridge's role in history and his technological innovations within this context.
Solnit has stated in an interview with The Believer that she considers herself a modern essayist, and River of Shadows is reflective of that style. While it contains elements of history and biography, it also contains many explorations of topics like the history of timekeeping itself that are related to the main ideas of the book.

## Response

River of Shadows received a positive response from critics, including Jim Lewis of The New York Times, who called the book "deeply intelligent".
For River of Shadows, Solnit was honored with the 2004 National Book Critics Circle Award in Criticism and the 2004 Sally Hacker Prize from the Society for the History of Technology, which honors exceptional scholarship that reaches beyond the academy toward a broad audience. Solnit was also awarded Harvard's Mark Lynton History Prize in 2004 for River of Shadows.

## References in other works

In Solnit's 2008 essay Men who explain things, included in her 2014 collection of essays on feminism Men Explain Things to Me, Solnit references the publication of River of Shadows and the New York Times review in an anecdote she recounts about her interactions with a male guest at a party.
# Tiyas Air Base

The Tiyas Air Base, also known as the T-4 Air base, is a former Syrian Air Force base located in the Homs Governorate, north of Tiyas, and west of the ancient city of Palmyra, Syria.
Tiyas is the largest airbase in Syria.

## History

During the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union was given access to the Tiyas Air Base for the periodic deployment of naval aircraft.

### Civil war

The airbase was used by the Syrian Arab Air Force and Iran's Quds Force for military operations against ISIL and opposition forces during the Syrian Civil War.
In December 2016, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) attacked the airbase a day after overrunning pro-government forces in nearby Palmyra. ISIL claimed to have destroyed four Syrian military aircraft during their attack on the airbase.
The Israeli Air Force launched an attack on the airbase on 10 February 2018, destroying the main observation tower, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
The base was struck again on 9 April 2018 by multiple missiles, it was not immediately clear who was behind the attack however U.S officials denied launching any air attack on Syria.
It was reported that the April 2018 attack on the base destroyed a hangar used to shelter drones and an Iranian supplied anti-aircraft Tor missile system, before it could be set up and become fully operational.
T-4 air base has been used by Iran-backed Shia militias to launch drone strikes against U.S. bases in northern Syria during summer 2021.
Israeli warplanes attacked the airbase with missiles again on 8 October 2021 around 9:30 pm. Six Syrian soldiers were injured according to Syrian media. Israel claims that the airbase is still used by Iranian forces.
The airbase was captured by members of the Syrian Free Army in early December 2024.

## Aircraft

* 1 Squadron MiG-25PD/PU/RB
* 5 Squadron MiG-25PD/PU/RB
* 819 Squadron Su-24MK
* 827 Squadron Su-22M-4
# Abu al-Duhur Air Base

Abu al-Duhur Air Base (sometimes spelled Abu ad-Duhur) is a major Syrian Air Force air base. The airbase is located about 5 km east of Abu al-Duhur, in Idlib Governorate.

## Syrian Civil War

During the Syrian Civil War, rebel groups had taken control of significant territory within the vicinity of Abu al-Duhur Air Base beginning in 2012. After surrounding the airbase for nearly three years, and killing at least 56 government soldiers in an early morning attack, the al-Nusra Front took control of the airbase in September 2015. A video showed a number of fighter jets that had been out of service for several years mostly pulled to the side of the aprons, and rocket launchers. On 10 January 2018, the Syrian army and allies recaptured the air base. Over the course of the Syrian Civil War, the airbase was completely destroyed and rendered useless.
On 30 November 2024, Rebel groups led by Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham recaptured the air base along with Shaheed Suad Al-Kayari Airport.
# Ben Chang

Benjamin Chang is the vice president for communications and spokesperson for Columbia University. He previously worked in communications at Princeton University, in public relations at Burson Cohn & Wolfe, and as vice president and events editor for the Los Angeles Times. Previously, he served as Associate Administrator for Communications and Public Liaison at the Small Business Administration. From 2012 to 2015, he was the Senior Vice President for Communications at the Albright Stonebridge Group.
Chang served as a career Foreign Service Officer at the Department of State for almost 18 years. He worked in the Department of State's Bureau of Public Affairs as Senior Advisor for Strategic Planning and Crisis Communications, and as the Director for Press and Communications at the National Security Council during both the Bush and Obama Administrations.

## Background and education

In high school, Chang visited both Central America and the former Soviet Union, where he developed an interest in international relations.
He attended Georgetown University, where he graduated from the School of Foreign Service.

## Foreign Service Officer career

Chang has served as a Foreign Service Officer in the State Department, with postings in El Salvador, Paris at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, in New York at the United Nations, and in Washington, D.C., working at for Secretaries Albright and Powell.
From 2004 to 2008, he was Deputy Spokesman on Richard Grenell's staff at the United States Mission to the United Nations.
In 2012, Chang served as principal of the Podesta Group, a lobbying and public affairs firm.

## Personal life

Chang is a photographer and DJ. As a photographer, Chang specializes in documentary-style backstage photography in both the fashion and music worlds.
Chang was named one of PAPER Magazine's 64 Most Beautiful People of 2008 and one of Politico's "50 to Watch" in 2013. He spoke about letting his personal passions impact his "day job" in his closing remarks at TEDxAix in 2014.
# Doualy Xaykaothao

Doualy Xaykaothao is a Peabody and Edward R. Murrow award winning Hmong American radio journalist and freelance journalist known for her work with NPR.

## Early life

Xaykaothao was born in Vientiane, Laos. She is of Hmong descent. Under French colonization, her father was selected to go study in France. Once the Vietnam War began, Xaykaothao's mother moved her family to France and, eventually, the United States. Xaykaothao attended Duncanville High School.
Xaykaothao studied radio and television at Ithaca College, and earned a Bachelor of Arts in political science and African American studies from SUNY Empire. She also earned a Masters of Arts with a concentration in Business and Economics from Columbia University.

## Career

In 1999, Xaykaothao joined NPR as a production assistant for their radio news program, Morning Edition. In 2001, Xaykaothao was a member of the Peabody award winning Newscast Unit that covered the September 11 terrorist attacks. Later, she became a roving correspondent covering breaking news in Asia based in Seoul and Bangkok. Xaykaothao covered major stories like the effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami in Thailand, the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak, and the Fukushima nuclear disaster. She was the first NPR reporter to reach Fukushima.
Later on, Xaykaothao left NPR to become a correspondent for Minnesota Public Radio, where she covered race, immigration, and culture.
In 2014, she became a senior reporter for KERA in Dallas. Later, she became an Annenberg Fellow for KPCC in Pasadena, California. In 2018, Xaykaothao rejoined NPR.
In 2021, Xaykaothao became a Knight-Bagehot Fellow in Economics and Business journalism at Columbia University. She was awarded tuition and a $60,000 living stipend to take graduate-level courses.
In 2023, Xaykaothao became Hofstra University's professional in residence. She mentored students and community members at WRHU 88.7 in broadcast journalism.

## Awards

In 2001, Xaykaothao was a part of the NPR team that won a Peabody Award for their coverage of the September 11 terrorist attacks.
In 2013, Xaykaothao was recognized as an honoree for the Carnegie Corporation's Great Immigrant Great Americans program.
She also won an Edward R. Murrow award.
# List of Armenian Canadians

When adding names to the list, please include a reliable source that describes the person added as "Armenian" or "Canadian&#x2D;Armenian" (or a source where the person describes themselves as such), in accordance with Wikipedia's [[No Original Research]] policies. This is a list of notable Canadians of Armenian descent.

## Academics

* Adam Morton – philosopher

## Arts and media

* bbno$ pronounced "baby no money" born Alexander Leon Gumuchian – Canadian rapper, singer-songwriter of Armenian descent
* David Alpay – actor
* Ashot Ariyan – composer and pianist
* Raffi Armenian – conductor
* André Arthur – radio host and independent MP
* Araz Artinian – photographer, filmmaker and humanitarian worker
* Isabel Bayrakdarian – soprano
* Raffy Boudjikanian – CBC journalist and author
* Garen Boyajian – actor
* Atom Egoyan – filmmaker
* Eve Egoyan – pianist and artist
* Anoush Ellah – drag queen
* Hagop Goudsouzian – filmmaker
* Levon Ichkhanian – guitarist, entertainment personality
* Malak Karsh – photographer
* Yousuf Karsh – photographer
* Maryvonne Kendergi – pianist
* Noura Kevorkian – writer, director, producer
* Arsinee Khanjian – actress
* Serouj Kradjian – pianist
* Catherine Manoukian – violinist
* Andrea Martin – actress
* Patrick Masbourian – radio and television personality, film director
* Peter Oundjian – violinist and conductor
* Alice Panikian – 2006 Miss Universe Canada
* Raffi – children's singer-songwriter
* Vahram Sargsyan – composer and choral conductor
* Anita Sarkeesian – feminist media critic
* John Vernon – actor

## Business

* Jack Kachkar – businessman

## Politics and public service

* Andre Arthur – former Independent Conservative MP, 2006–2011, talk radio host
* Sarkis Assadourian – former Liberal MP, 1993–2004
* Ann Cavoukian – former Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario
* Harout Chitilian – city councilor and chairman of the City Council of Montreal
* Raymond Setlakwe – entrepreneur, politician, lawyer
* Michelle Setlakwe – politician, lawyer

## Scientists

* Armen Parsyan - General/oncological surgeon and leading scientist/researcher who has many degrees and accolades/awards from the top universities around the world.
* Levon Pogosian – astrophysicist

## Sports

* Zack Kassian – hockey player

## Writers

* Shaunt Basmajian – author
* Artashes Keshishyan – author
Lorne Shirinian was born in Toronto in 1945. He is a poet, novelist, playwright, memoirist, and the author of many academic studies on Armenian diaspora literature. He is the author of 30 books. Shirinian is professor emeritus of English and Comparative Literature at the Royal Military College of Canada. He founded and edited Manna, a review of contemporary poetry, in 1972 which published interviews and poems from all over the world. In 1994, he founded Blue Heron Press. At this writing, he is at work on his new novel, Troubled, which will be available in the summer of 2024.
# Ciencias (Seville Metro)

Ciencias (English: Sciences) is a proposed station on line 2 of the Seville Metro. If plans for Line 2 are green lit, the station will be located at the intersection of Ciencias Av. and Emilio Lemos St., in the neighborhood of Seville Este. Ciencias will be an underground building situated between the stations of Palacio de Congresos Currently, Seville has prioritized Line 3 for completion in advance of line 2 and thus the specific timeline for the completion of Line 2 is unclear.

## Future services

| Preceding station | Seville Metro | Seville Metro | Seville Metro | Following station |
| Palacio de Congresostowards Torre Triana | | Line 2 | | Adelfastowards Parque Tecnológico |
# Wejsuny

Wejsuny (Polish pronunciation:; German: Weissuhnen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Ruciane-Nida, 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Pisz, and 75 km (47 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
The village has a population of 380.
# Wetyn

Wetyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Korsze, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Wiatrak, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Wiatrak (German: Schreibershöfchen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.
# Mavis Doering

Mavis Doering (1929 – 2007) was a Cherokee Nation basketmaker from Oklahoma.

## Early life

Doering was born in Hominy, Oklahoma and was the third generation of a family of basketmakers. She was mostly self-taught. Beginning in the 1970s, she researched weaving techniques from books in libraries and museums.

## Career
### Art

Doering's baskets were of post-removal Cherokee basket patterns and materials, but with her own personal element such as painted elements and attached elements such as feathers and beads, baskets that honored legends, and baskets in the shape of clay pots. Most were double-walled.
She gathered her own materials and learned to make her own dyes from nut hulls, berries, and leaves, mostly obtained from her mother's allotment land near Tahlequah in Eastern Oklahoma. Basket materials she used included buckbrush, reed, honeysuckle runners, white oak splits, ash splits, rivercane, and cattail leaves. In addition to a wide range of natural dyes, Doering also experimented with brilliant aniline dyes.

### Exhibits, honors, and legacy

Doering exhibited her baskets widely, including at such venues as the Southern Plains Indian Museum, Coulter Bay Indian Art Museum, Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, Oklahoma Historical Society, the Kennedy Center in Washington DC, and the Smithsonian Institution Folklife Festival. In 1982 and 1983, she received majors commissions from the Oklahoma State Arts Council for over 50 baskets.
Mavis Doering taught several contemporary Cherokee basketmakers, including Peggy Brennan, how to weave double-walled baskets.
# Lords of Walsee

The Lords of Walsee were a German noble family between the 13th and 15th centuries.
Taking their name from Bad Waldsee in Upper Swabia, they were originally ministerials (unfree knights) in the service of the abbey of Weissenburg and the Staufers. They grew wealthy in the space between the Danube and the Iller. Under the patronage of a Habsburg king, either Rudolf I or Albert I, they came to the Ennstal. In 1331, they sold Bad Waldsee to the Habsburgs.
By the acquisition of various lordships, they established several lines in Upper Austria. The lines of Linz and Drosendorf went extinct in 1400, that of Enns in 1483 and that of Graz in 1363. They frequently held the office of Hauptmann (governor) in Lower Austria and Styria. During the feudal wars at the end of the 13th century they expanded their possessions in some parts of the Croatian-Hungarian Kingdom. Ulrich I. von Walsee became lord of Međimurje in northern Croatia.
In 1395, they acquired Duino Castle after the extinction of the local lords. They also acquired Fiume and the coast in 1400. In 1465 and 1471, the Emperor Frederick III was confirmed as heir to Fiume.
# Wierzbowo, Ełk County

Wierzbowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kalinowo, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Kalinowo, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Ełk, and 145 km (90 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# High Definition (radio program)

High Definition was a Canadian radio program, which debuted on February 4, 2006, on the CBC Radio One network.
The series, an eight-episode short run series hosted by Don McKellar, examined and analyzed television's role in modern popular culture. It aired in a time slot previously occupied by O'Reilly on Advertising, a program which offered a similar perspective on advertising.
# Seiken Akamine

Seiken Akamine (赤嶺 政賢, Akamine Seiken, born December 18, 1947) is a Japanese politician of the Japanese Communist Party, who serves as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).
A native of Naha, Okinawa and graduate of the Tokyo University of Education, he taught at high schools. He was elected to the first of his three terms in the Naha City Assembly in 1985 and then to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2000.
In the 2014 Japanese general elections, he won Okinawa's 1st district. The election saw significant gains for the Japanese Communist Party, which raised its seat total from 8 to 21. Akamine's victory was JCP's first single-seat constituency victory in 18 years. His victory was part of a wave against the ruling Liberal Democratic Party in Okinawa caused by local anger over by a joint US-Japan decision to relocate a marine base to a residential area. LDP candidates lost all four Okinawan seats despite the party winning nationwide. In the 2017 general election, Akamine retained his seat.
# 1966 Defiance Yellow Jackets football team

The 1966 Defiance Yellow Jackets football team was an American football team that represented Defiance College as a member of the Mid-Ohio Conference (MOC) during the 1966 NAIA football season. In their third year under head coach Kirk Mee, the Yellow Jackets compiled a 9–0 record (2–0 against conference opponents), won the MOC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 218 to 41.
At the end of the season, Kirk Mee was voted coach of the year in the NAIA's District 22. Quarterback George Smart, halfback Ben Davis, and linebacker Jose Arellano were named to the all-NAIA, District 22, football team. Defiance also placed 12 players on the 1966 all-MOC football team. Other honorees included quarterback George Smart, offensive backs Ben Smith and Ron Seymour, center Tom Miller, offensive end Doug Huffman, offensive tackle Bob Smith, offensive guard Phil Haubert, middle guard Ron Kowalski, linebackers Rodger Geren and Jose Arellano, and defensive back Greg Kulwicki.
The 1966 season was one of three perfect seasons in Defiance football history, the others being in 1953 and 1969.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 17 | at Kenyon* | Gambier, OH | W 35–0 | 1,000 |
| September 24 | Adrian* | Defiance, OH | W 20–0 | |
| October 1 | Georgetown (KY)* | Defiance, OH | W 27–6 | |
| October 8 | at Wilmington (OH) | Wilmington, OH | W 26–8 | |
| October 15 | at Grand Rapids JC* | Grand Rapids, MI | W 14–7 | |
| October 22 | at Bluffton | Bluffton, OH | W 28–7 | |
| October 28 | Salem (WV)* | Defiance, OH | W 21–7 | |
| November 5 | at Taylor* | Upland, IN | W 9–7 | |
| November 12 | Anderson (IN)* | Defiance, OH | W 38–0 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Michael Evans (boxer)

Michael Evans (born July 22, 1977) is a 140 lb. 5'9" American lightweight boxer from Dayton, Ohio. Evans has won numerous titles including the 1999 and 2005 Golden Gloves championships, National US Senior Open Gold Medalist-2005, and a National PAL Championships Gold Medalist in 2004. Michael also represented the United States at the Olympic Team Trials finishing as a bronze medalist in 2000 and a bronze medalist in the World Goodwill Games in 1998.
Evans was raised in poverty and has spent seven years in prison, including a stint for dealing crack-cocaine. In 2010 Evans re-entered boxing after serving time in prison.
# Sid O'Neill

Sidney John O'Neill (4 July 1888 – 7 August 1915) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League. He played his only league game against University, in the back pocket. He was killed in action in World War I.

## Death

He was killed in action at Gallipoli on 7 August 1915.

### Obituary

       SERGEANT SIDNEY JOHN O'NEILL (killed) was a son of Dr. and Mrs. O'Neill, of Kooyong road, Armadale, and was 27 years of age. Educated at Xavier College, Kew, he afterwards pursued pastoral pursuits in New South Wales and Queensland. Shortly after declaration of war he left Brisbane for Melbourne, where he enlisted, and joined the 8th Light Horse in September. He was soon promoted corporal, and at Gallipoli sergeant. Sergeant O'Neill was a great grandson of Captain James Cuncliffe, who fought at Waterloo. – The Argus, 17 September 1915.
# Alfred Patfield

Albert Patfield (6 September 1884 – 9 November 1961) was an Australian cricketer. He played three first-class matches for Western Australia between 1908/09 and 1909/10.
# Waldo Sandoval

Waldo Sandoval is a middle-distance runner from Santiago, Chile. He placed third in the 1956 South American Championships in Athletics for the 1500 metres run. Waldo is the younger brother of runner Ramon Sandoval. He currently resides in Miami, FL.
# Juan Pérez (cyclist)

Juan Pérez (born 1932, date of death unknown) was a Chilean cyclist. He competed in the individual road race event at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Yudit Abreu

Yudit Abreu (born April 23, 1969) is a male basketball player from Cuba. He played as a forward for the Cuba national basketball team in the 1990s.
# Francisco Juillet

Francisco Juillet (15 June 1898 – 26 October 1987) was a Chilean cyclist. He competed in two events at the 1924 Summer Olympics and one event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Carlos Ramos (footballer, born 1958)

Carlos Humberto Ramos Rivera (born 29 April 1958) is a Chilean former footballer.
# Sergio Pacheco

Sergio Antonio Pacheco Reyes (born 30 July 1959) is a Chilean former footballer. He was called up to the Chile Olympic football team for the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Amolops assamensis

Amolops assamensis is a species of frogs that was discovered in 2008 in Mayeng Hill Reserve Forest, Kamrup District, Assam in north-eastern India. Little is known about this species, which is associated with fast flowing streams.