# Requiem (Dvořák)

Antonín Dvořák's Requiem in B♭ minor, Op. 89, B. 165, is a funeral Mass scored for soloists, choir and orchestra. It was composed in 1890 and performed for the first time on 9 October 1891, in Birmingham, England, with the composer conducting.

## Structure
### Part I

* Introitus: Requiem aeternam. Poco lento
* Graduale: Requiem aeternam. Andante
* Sequentia: Dies irae. Allegro impetuoso
* Tuba mirum. Moderato
* Quid sum miser. Lento
* Recordare, Jesu pie. Andante
* Confutatis maledictis. Moderato maestoso
* Lacrimosa. L'istesso tempo

### Part II

* Offertorium: Domine Jesu Christe. Andante con moto
* Hostias. Andante
* Sanctus. Andante maestoso
* Pie Jesu. Poco adagio
* Agnus Dei. Lento
The approximate duration of the work is 95 minutes (1 hour and 35 minutes).

## Orchestration

The work is scored for:
Voices:
    soprano solo
    alto solo
    tenor solo
    bass solo
    SATB choir
Woodwinds:
    piccolo
    2 flutes
    2 oboes
    cor anglais
    2 clarinets
    bass clarinet
    2 bassoons
    contrabassoon
organ
Brass:
    4 horns
    4 trumpets
    3 trombones (alto, tenor and bass)
    tuba
Percussion:
    timpani
    tam-tam
    campane (not in the original score)
Strings:
    harp (Offertorium and Hostias only)
    violins I, II
    violas
    cellos
    double basses

## Selected recordings

* Antonín Dvořák: Rekviem – Czech Philharmonic, Czech Philharmonic Chorus, conducted by Karel Ančerl, chorus master Markéta Kühnová; soloists: Maria Stader – soprano, Sieglinde Wagner – alt, Ernst Haefliger – tenor, Kim Borg – bass. Supraphon, 1959, re-edition on 2 CD 1991 (Ančerl Gold Edition no.13). This recording was awarded the "Grand Prix du disque de l´Académie Charles Cros".
* Dvořák: Requiem for soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 89 – Czech Philharmonic, Kühn's mixed choir, conductor Wolfgang Sawallisch; soloists: Gabriela Beňačková, Brigitte Fassbaender, Thomas Moser, Jan-Hendrik Rootering.
* Dvořák: Requiem b-moll, Op. 89 – London Symphony Orchestra, conductor István Kertesz, Ambrosian Singers choir, soloists: Pilar Lorengar, Erzsébet Komlóssy [hu], Róbert Ilosfalvy, Tom Krause; published by Decca.
* Dvořák: Requiem, Op. 89, New Jersey Symphony, conductor Zdeněk Mácal, Westminster Choir, soloists: Oksana Krovytska (soprano), Wendy Hoffman (mezzo-soprano), John Aler (tenor), Gustav Beláček (bass). 1999 Delos.
* Dvořák: Requiem, Op. 89, Capella Weilburgensis, conductor Doris Hagel, Kantorei der Schlosskirche Weilburg, soloists: Mechthild Bach (soprano), Stefanie Irányi (mezzo-soprano), Markus Schäfer (tenor), Klaus Mertens (bass). 2006 Profil – Edition Günter Hänssler.
* Dvořák, Requiem, Symphony No. 8' Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, conductor Mariss Jansons, Wiener Singverein, soloists: Krassimira Stoyanova (soprano), Mihoko Fujimura (mezzo-soprano), Klaus Florian Vogt (tenor), Thomas Quasthoff (bass). 2010 RCO Live.
* Dvořák: Requiem, Op. 89, Warsaw National Philharmonic Orchestra and Chorus, conductor Antoni Wit, soloists: Christiane Libor [de] (soprano), Ewa Wolak (alto), Daniel Kirch [de] (tenor), Janusz Monarcha (bass). 2014 Naxos Records.
* Antonín Dvořák: Requiem – Royal Flemish Philharmonic, Collegium Vocale Gent, conductor Philippe Herreweghe; soloists: Ilse Eerens (soprano), Bernarda Fink (mezzo-soprano), Maximilian Schmitt (tenor), Nathan Berg (bass). 2015 PHI, Outhere.
* Dvořák: Requiem, Biblical Songs, Te Deum – Czech Philharmonic, Prague Philharmonic Choir, conductor Jakub Hrůša, conductor Jiří Bělohlávek, soloists: Ailyn Pérez (soprano), Christianne Stotijn [nl] (mezzo-soprano), Michael Spyres (tenor), Svatopluk Sem (baritone). 2020 Decca Records.