OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stamp Duties Management Act 1870

The Stamp Duties Management Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 98) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated enactments relating to the management of stamp duty in the United Kingdom.

## Background

In 1870, bills were introduced to amend and consolidate the law that had evolved over the last century relating to stamp duty and other inland revenue.
The Stamp Duties Bill — "for granting certain Stamp Duties in lieu of Duties of the same kind now payable under various Acts, and consolidating and amending provisions relating thereto" — contained no repeals of previous statutes, concerning Members of Parliament, including Robert Bourke MP. However, in Parliament, the chancellor of the exchequer, Robert Lowe MP, said that upon the passing of that bill, there would have to be brought in another bill to do so.

## Passage

Leave to bring in a Draft Stamp Duty Consolidation Bills to the House of Commons was granted to the John George Dodson MP, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Robert Lowe MP and James Stansfeld MP on 12 April 1870, following resolutions of the Committee of ways and means.
The Stamp Duties Management Bill had its first reading in the House of Commons on 14 July 1870, presented by William Henry Gladstone MP. The bill had its second reading in the House of Commons on 2 August 1870 and was committed to the same committee of the whole house as the same time as the Stamp Duties Bill and the Inland Revenue Acts Repeal Bill, which met and reported on 4 August 1870, without amendments. The bill had its third reading in the House of Commons on 5 August 1870 and passed, without amendments.
The bill had its first reading in the House of Lords on 5 August 1870. The bill had its second reading in the House of Lords on 8 August 1870 and was committed to a committee of the whole house, which met and reported on 8 August 1870, with amendments. The amended bill had its third reading in the House of Lords on 9 August 1870 and passed, without amendments.
The bill was granted royal assent on 10 August 1870.

## Legacy

The act was described as a Consolidation Act.
The Stamp Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 97) and the Inland Revenue Repeal Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 99) were passed at the same time to amend and consolidate the law that had evolved over the last century relating to stamp duty and other inland revenue. These acts represented the beginning of a larger process to reform stamp duty law.
The act was wholly repealed by the Stamp Duties Management Act 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. 38), passed at the same time as the Stamp Act 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. 39).
# Fortuna, San Luis

Fortuna (San Luis) is a village and municipality in San Luis Province in central Argentina.
# Jean-Pierre Voyer

Jean-Pierre Voyer (b. 1938, Bolbec, d. 2019, Pont-Audemer) was a post-situationist French philosopher. His main thesis was the non-existence of economy, and he claimed to be inspired by Hegel and Marx, although he was very critical of the latter. He criticized utilitarianism and has been published in the Revue de Mauss, a French anti-utilitarian journal.
# Shannon Smallwood

Shannon H. Smallwood is the chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories, joining in 2012. She is a member of the Dene First Nations group. On September 23, 2022, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau appointed Smallwood as chief justice effective September 22, 2022.
# Halid Alghoul

Halid Alghoul (born 8 September 2002) is a Palestinian footballer who plays as a forward for NK Jarun Zagreb. Born in Croatia, he is a Palestine youth international.

## Club career

Alghoul mainly operates as a forward. As a youth player, he joined the youth academy of Croatian side NK Nur Zagreb. In 2010, he joined the youth academy of Croatian side NK Lokomotiva. In 2012, he joined the youth academy of Croatian side GNK Dinamo Zagreb. Alghoul started his senior career with Croatian side GNK Dinamo Zagreb II. In 2021, he signed for Croatian side NK Kustošija. In 2022, he signed for Croatian side NK Trnje. After that, he signed for Croatian side NK Jarun Zagreb.

## International career

Alghoul was a Croatia youth international. He was called up to the Croatia national under-19 football team. After that, he was a Palestine youth international. He played for the Palestine national under-23 football team. He scored his only goal for them against Tunisia.

## Personal life

Alghoul was born on 8 September 2002 in Zagreb, Croatia. He is a native of Zagreb, Croatia. He was born to a Palestinian father and Croatian-Bosniak mother. His father has worked as a traffic engineer. He has been a supporter of English Premier League side Manchester United. He is the brother of Palestine international Muhamed Alghoul.
# Direx

Direx may refer to:
# Liveta Jasiūnaitė

Liveta Jasiūnaitė (born 26 July 1994) is a Lithuanian athlete who specialises in the javelin throw. She competed in the javelin throw event at the 2016 European Championships in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Jasiūnaite holds the Lithuanian record in javelin throw. In 2011, she won the silver medal at the European Youth Summer Olympic Festival. In 2015, she won the bronze medal at the European Athletics U23 Championships.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Lithuania ||||||
| 2011 | World Youth Championships | Lille, France | 16th (q) | Javelin throw | 46.32 m |
| 2011 | European Youth Olympic Festival | Trabzon, Turkey | 2nd | Javelin throw | 52.00 m |
| 2012 | World Junior Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 8th | Javelin throw | 53.00 m |
| 2013 | European Junior Championships | Rieti, Italy | 9th | Javelin throw | 51.27 m |
| 2015 | European U23 Championships | Tallinn, Estonia | 3rd | Javelin throw | 55.77 m |
| 2016 | European Championships | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 12th | Javelin throw | 53.94 m |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 26th (q) | Javelin throw | 55.80 m |
| 2017 | Universiade | Taipei, Taiwan | 7th | Javelin throw | 57.25 m |
| 2018 | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 3rd | Javelin throw | 61.59 m |
| 2019 | Universiade | Naples, Italy | 1st | Javelin throw | 60.36 m |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 23rd (q) | Javelin throw | 56.90 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 7th | Javelin throw | 60.06 m |
| 2022 | World Championships | Eugene, United States | 10th | Javelin throw | 58.97 m |
| 2022 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 6th | Javelin throw | 58.95 m |
| 2023 | World Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 14th (q) | Javelin throw | 59.00 m |
| 2024 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 17th (q) | Javelin throw | 55.85 m |
| 2024 | Olympic Games | Paris, France | 25th (q) | Javelin throw | 58.35 m |

## Personal bests
### Outdoor

| Event | Record | Venue | Date |
| Javelin throw | 63.98 (NR) | Ogre, Latvia | 15 June 2019 |
# Kristupas Šleiva

Kristupas Šleiva is a Lithuanian Greco-Roman wrestler. He is a bronze medalist at both the World Wrestling Championships and the European Wrestling Championships.

## Career

In 2019, he competed in the 67 kg event at the European Wrestling Championships held in Bucharest, Romania.
In 2020, he won one of the bronze medals in the 67 kg event at the European Wrestling Championships held in Rome, Italy.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Location | Result | Event |
| 2020 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 3rd | Greco-Roman 67 kg |
| 2021 | World Championships | Oslo, Norway | 3rd | Greco-Roman 72 kg |
# Żurejny

Żurejny is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ostróda, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Aaron O'Brien

Aaron Warren O'Brien (born 2 October 1981) is an Australian cricketer. He has played first class cricket for New South Wales. He was Middleton Cricket Club's professional deputising for the injured Brendon Reddy for the match against Crompton.
O'Brien signed with South Australia for the 2008–2009 domestic season, to get regular playing opportunities.
# Anders Sandvig

Anders Sandvig (11 May 1862 – 11 February 1950) was a Norwegian dentist most noted for having founded Maihaugen, an innovative regional ethnological and architectural museum in Lillehammer, documenting the vernacular architecture of Gudbrandsdalen.

## Biography

Sandvig was born at Bud in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. He was the son of Sjur Sandvig and Maren Knudsdotter Hustad. He first worked as an apprentice with a jeweler in Kristiansund where he often performed gold work for dentists. He was trained as a dentist in Kristiansund with later training at the University of Oslo and in Berlin. During his stay in Germany, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. In 1885, he moved to Lillehammer to start a dentist practice and promote his recovery. At this time he was the only dentist in Gudbrandsdalen.
On a travel to Skjåk in 1894, he came to the realization that Norwegian farmers had not yet begun to appreciate their cultural heritage. He acquired his first house, a dwelling house built in 1764 at Skjåk.
The building was moved to the large property he had near Lillehammer.
By the turn of the century he had six antiquarian buildings and a large amount of other objects. In 1902, the Society for Lillehammer Byes Vel bought the collection and had it moved to Maihaugen just outside of Lillehammer.
The city of Lillehammer set aside an area known as Maihaugen and bought Sandvig's collection and established the Sandvig Collections (De Sandvigske Samlinger) in 1904. Sandvig was at first hired as unpaid curator, but was later appointed the museum's first director. Sandvig also traveled extensively to promote ethnological museums, including Vesterheim in Decorah, Iowa.

## Personal life

In 1889 he married Anna Georgine Uchermann (1868–1950). In 1900 he became a knight and in 1907 commander of the Order of St. Olav. He was also commander of the Swedish Order of Vasa. He retired from the museum in 1947 at 85 years of age. He died in 1950 at Lillehammer.
# Hans Wilhelmsson

Hans Wilhelmsson (14 February 1936 – 5 January 2004) was a Swedish speed skater. He represented IF Castor in club competitions. Outside of his sporting career, he worked as a car salesman, insurance agent and bank director.
He died in January 2004 at 67 years old.

## Merits

* Fourth place in men's speed skating (500 meters) - Olympics 1960

## Awards

* Sports performance of the year - 1960
# Speedy Duncan

Leslie Herbert "Speedy" Duncan (August 10, 1942 – December 9, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a cornerback and return specialist in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Jackson State Tigers. Duncan played seven seasons with the San Diego Chargers, where he was a three-time AFL All-Star. He was also named to the Pro Bowl with the Washington Redskins. Duncan was inducted into the Chargers Hall of Fame and was named to their 40th and 50th anniversary teams.

## Playing career

Duncan was a standout player at Druid High School in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He attended Jackson State University, where he played for the Tigers. Undrafted, he played with the AFL San Diego Chargers from 1964 through 1969, and the NFL Chargers in 1970 and Washington Redskins from 1971 through 1974. He was an AFL All-Star in 1965, 1966, and 1967 and an AFC-NFC Pro Bowler in 1971. He led the AFL in punt return average in consecutive seasons, averaging 15.5 yards per return in 1965 and 13.2 in 1966.
As a rookie with the Chargers in 1964, Duncan played just a little on defense at safety before becoming a starter at cornerback the following year in 1965 in place of an injured Dick Westmoreland. Playing in Washington under coach George Allen, Duncan became a nickelback, backing up Pat Fischer and Mike Bass, while also returning punts and kickoffs. He led the NFL in punt return average at 10.6 yards per return in 1971. In 1974, he was solely a returner, playing in just two games.
Duncan was inducted into the Chargers Hall of Fame and was named to their 40th and 50th anniversary teams. His 21 interceptions with the Chargers rank seventh in team history. He had three in one game against the Oakland Raiders in 1966, which is tied for the franchise's single-game record. Duncan averaged 12.0 yards per punt return with the Chargers, with career averages of 10.9 on punt returns and 25.2 on kickoffs.

## Later years

After his playing career, Duncan returned to San Diego and dabbled in the restaurant business. He also taught at local schools, later moving to Stockton, California, where he was a health and physical education teacher at Webster Middle School.
On December 9, 2021, Duncan died at the age of 79.
# 511 Federal Building

The 511 Federal Building is a former federal post office that is currently known as the Arlene and Harold Schnitzer Center for Art and Design of the Pacific Northwest College of Art (PNCA) in Portland, Oregon, United States. PNCA moved into the building in February 2015, after a $32 million remodeling project.
Previous occupants of the building included the Department of Homeland Security offices for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, as well as the Department of Agriculture.
The building was constructed in 1916–1918 and opened in 1919 after being commissioned by the Secretary of the Treasury, one of the last post offices built under the 1893 Tarsney Act, and cost $1 million. It was designed by architect Lewis P. Hobart. It is located between Portland's Old Town Chinatown and the Pearl District. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, as the U.S. Post Office. The building is six stories tall and has a footprint of approximately 20,000 square feet (1,900 m$^2$). It has a basement and sub-basement, complete with walled off shanghai tunnels.

## Gallery

* Circa 1920 picture of the building, viewed from the southeast
* 2015 picture, shortly after completion of renovation work
* 511 Building Cornerstone
* East entrance in 2008
* Cast bronze lamp over entrance
# Albert Techov

Albert Techov (born March 28, 1980, in Vilnius) is a Lithuanian judoka.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Place | Weight class |
| 2007 | European Judo Championships | 5th | Extra lightweight (60 kg) |
# Grishk Dam

The Grishk Dam is located on a canal next to the city of Grishk in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan. It is a gravity dam with a hydroelectric power plant. About 2.7 mi (4.3 km) to the northeast is the Canal Intake Structure, which provides water from the Helmand River to Grishk Dam.
A 2003 technical journal noted, that the Grishk power plant was commissioned on an irrigation canal in 1945, and had two damaged and obsolete 1.2 megawatt units which would cost US$3 million to repair.
# Nerijus Astrauskas

Nerijus Astrauskas (born 18 October 1980) is a Lithuanian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

## Honours

Lithuania
* Baltic Cup: 2005
# Džiugas Bartkus

Džiugas Bartkus (born 7 November 1989) is a Lithuanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Saudi Arabian club Al-Bukiryah.

## Club career

He started his career with FBK Kaunas in 2008. During 2010 and 2011, he was loaned to Belarusian clubs Partizan Minsk and Dinamo Brest.
From 2012 to 2015, Džiugas formed part of Sudūva, a club based in the city of Marijampolė, Lithuania, where he made a total of 83 appearances.
In July 2016, Bartkus joined Maltese club Valletta on a one-year contract.
Goalkeeper returned to Lithuania on 9 July 2017, when he signed a long-term contract with A Lyga champions Žalgiris.
On 12 June 2023, Bartkus joined Saudi Arabian club Al-Orobah.
On 12 July 2024, Bartkus moved to Al-Bukiryah.

## International career

In 2015, he was called into Lithuania squad for their UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying matches against England and Slovenia.
On 5 June 2018, he made a debut in the Lithuania national team in a 1–1 draw against Latvia in a Baltic Cup final.
# Mindaugas Grigaravičius

Mindaugas Grigaravičius (born 15 July 1992) is a Lithuanian professional footballer who plays as a winger.
In January 2023 became a member of FC Kaisar.

## International career

Mindaugas Grigariavičius first call-up to the senior Lithuania squad came in August 2016 for the World Cup qualifiers against Slovenia. He made his national team debut coming as substitute on 70th minute against Slovenia in the World Cup qualifier on 4 September 2016.
# Oru Vasantha Geetham

Oru Vasantha Geetham (transl. A Breezy Duet) is a 1994 Indian Tamil-language film written and directed by T. Rajendar. Rajender himself appeared in the lead role with Gautami. The film was released on 4 May 1994.

## Cast

* T. Rajendar
* Gautami
* Janagaraj
* Silk Smitha
* S. S. Chandran
* Radha Ravi
* Silambarasan as Silambhu
* Kuralarasan

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by T. Rajender who also wrote lyrics.

## Legacy

The scene where Rajendar's character argues with Gautami in court attained popularity for Rajendar's English dialogue: "Sorry for the interruption. This is only my introduction. During the cross examination, you will see my action-cum-direction, added with perfection. In the name of the witness, you are playing with imitation. That’s my conception".
# Arminas Kazlauskis

Arminas Kazlauskis (born 4 May 1989) is a Lithuanian male BMX rider, representing his nation at international competitions. He competed in the time trial event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.
# Guichon Creek (Still Creek tributary)

Guichon Creek is one of the most significant tributaries of Still Creek, an important waterway in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Guichon Creek is named after a pioneer family of the same name who owned land in Burnaby. The family owned a hunting cabin at the top of a ravine near Willingdon Avenue - then also known as Guichon Road.
In 1912, Guichon Creek became home to the Phillips-Hoyt Lumber Company, who "put a dam on the waterway to create a canal for transporting logs to a storage pond and a sawmill located on the site now occupied by the British Columbia Institute of Technology." Locals commonly used the creek as a fishing place and swimming hole.
Throughout the 1900s, the creek was exploited for resources, causing damage to its biodiversity. Several fish species were unable to reproduce in the creek for decades. However, by the 70s, restoration work begun at its south end. By 2006, Guichon Creek had been restored to a largely natural state thanks to the efforts of BCIT students and the City of Burnaby, among others.
49°15′31″N 123°0′5″W﻿ / ﻿49.25861°N 123.00139°W﻿ / 49.25861; -123.00139
# Petar Đurin

Petar Đurin (born 4 March 2001) is a Croatian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ypsonas Krasava.

## Club career

In 2018, Đurin signed for English third division side Portsmouth from the youth academy of Atalanta in the Italian Serie A, where he said, "in Croatia, a lot is being done on explosiveness and strength. Shots are quite important, and lately it is sought after and played with the foot. In Italy a lot of attention is paid to technique and setup, and in England work is done on center shots that are sharper than anywhere I’ve been."
In 2019, he was sent on loan to English seventh division club Bognor Regis Town. In 2021, Đurin signed for Apollon (Limassol) in the Cypriot top flight from Croatian third division team Mladost Petrinja. On 23 August 2021, he debuted for Apollon (Limassol) during a 4-2 win over Ethnikos (Achna).
# Leon Šipoš

Leon Šipoš (born 28 February 2000) is a Croatian footballer who plays as a forward for Italian Serie C Group A club Lecco.

## Career

As a youth player, Šipoš joined the youth academy of Dinamo (Zagreb), Croatia's most successful club.
In 2017, he was sent on loan to Gorica (Croatia) in the Croatian second division.
In 2020, he signed for Latvian side Spartaks after receiving interest from England and Russia.
Before the second half of 2020–21 season, Šipoš signed for Istra in the Croatian top flight on loan.
On 20 August 2021, he joined Italian Serie C club Catania on loan with an option to buy. On 9 April 2022, his loan to Catania was cut short following the club's exclusion from Italian football due to its inability to overcome a number of financial issues.
On 5 August 2022, Šipoš moved on a new loan to Fidelis Andria in Serie C, with an option to buy.
On 7 January 2023, Šipoš signed a 2.5-year contract with Serie C club Trento.
On 30 August 2024, Šipoš moved to Lecco on a two-year deal.
# Guumays

Guumays (Guumeys) is a village in the Sool region currently under the control of Khatumo State forces.

## History

Guumays is listed in a book published in England in 1951 under the name Gumeis.
After Puntland gained independence in 1998, the Somaliland militia's area of operations extended to Guumays and the Puntland militia's area of operations extended to Las Anod.
In July 2005, the Somaliland National Electoral Commission inspected the situation in Yagori District and reported that elections could be held in Guumays, Yagori, Tuuolo-Samakaab, and Adhi'adeye.
In July 2011, the Somaliland government reported the completion of a 65-kilometer road connecting Las Anod and Guumays as an achievement of the past three months.
In January 2014, Somaliland Interior Minister Ali Mohamed Warancadde visited Guumays to end inter-clan strife.
In June 2015, one person was killed in Guumays due to clan conflict, and the Somaliland government dispatched a minister.
In August 2015, Somaliland Public Works Minister Abdirisak Khalif held a rally in Aynaba to end the clan wars around Guumays.
In April 2016, Somaliland's Minister of Water Resources visited the towns surrounding Las Anod, including Guumays.
In July 2016, the Somaliland military carried out an operation in eastern Somaliland to detect and prevent alcohol and drug abuse. The operation was executed with emphasis on Guumays.
In April 2017, Ethiopians kidnapped by armed groups were released in Guumays. The commander of the Sool State Police warned residents not to support the kidnappers.
In November 2017, UCID party leader Faysal Ali Warabe visited Guumays and was welcomed.
In February 2019, large areas of eastern Somaliland experienced water shortages, and Guumays were reported to be particularly affected.
In January 2021, Waddani party chairman Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi visited Guumays. In February, Kulmiye party member and Minister of Foreign Affairs Yasin Haji Mohamoud visited Guumays for the same purpose.
In March 2022, Somaliland Vice President Abdirahman Saylici visited the facilities outside Guumays.
On 25 August 2023, according to SSC members, Guuumays, along with other surrounding towns, was captured by SSC after the Somaliland military base in Goojacade was occupied by SSC.
On 25 September 2023, it was reported that Somaliland troops in Oog and SSC-Khatumo troops in Guuumays stared at each other.