OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cedric Haywood

Cedric Haywood (December 31, 1914 – September 9, 1969) was an American jazz pianist.
Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Haywood played as a teenager in a high school band with Arnett Cobb. His first professional engagement was with Chester Boone's band in 1934, followed by an extended run with Milt Larkin (1935–42); during his tenure in the band the reed section included Illinois Jacquet, Tom Archia, and Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson in addition to Cobb. Haywood also played with Floyd Ray and Lionel Hampton around the turn of the decade. In 1942 he played with Sidney Bechet. Toward the middle of the 1940s Haywood moved to California, served in the Army during World War II, and following this joined Saunders King in 1948.
In the 1950s Haywood worked with Illinois Jacquet, Cal Tjader, and Kid Ory, touring Europe with Ory in the middle of the decade. Early in the 1960s he played with Brew Moore, then moved back to Houston in 1963. There he played locally as a bandleader and recorded with Lightnin' Hopkins. In the late 1960s, he contributed arrangements to a big band led by Sonny Franklin; among the participants were Tom Archia and Don Wilkerson.
# Josiah Burr Plumb

Josiah Burr Plumb (25 March 1816 – 12 March 1888) was an American-born Canadian businessman and parliamentarian. Born in East Haven, Connecticut, Plumb immigrated to Canada in 1865 and settled near Niagara Falls, Ontario.
Soon thereafter he became active in the Conservative Party of Canada. He was elected three times as a member of parliament for Niagara in the House of Commons of Canada. He was first elected in the Canadian federal election of 1874, but this result was voided, although he successfully defended the seat in a by-election held on 22 December 1874. Although defeated in the 1878 election, he regained his seat in a contested election in 1879.
Following a defeat in 1882 election, he was appointed to the Senate of Canada on 8 February 1883 on the recommendation of Sir John A. Macdonald. He served as Speaker of the Senate from 4 April 1887 – 12 March 1888, upon his death.
By-election on 22 December 1874 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Josiah Burr Plumb | 354 |
| | Unknown | Solomon John Johnson Brown | 251 |
vte1878 Canadian federal election: Niagara :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Liberal | Patrick Hughes | 312 |
| | Conservative | Josiah Burr Plumb | 310 |
# Noel Bishop

Noel Bishop (born 12 February 1948) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Bill McMaster (footballer, born 1922)

William Harold McMaster (15 March 1922 – 3 October 2017) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Prior to his VFL career, he served in the Australian Army in World War II.
# Jack Monohan Jr.

Jack Monohan Jr. (9 September 1902 – 1 February 1987) was an Australian rules footballer who played two seasons for Collingwood in the Victorian Football League.

## Playing career
### Collingwood

Monohan, son of the Collingwood half-back Jack Monohan, played seven games over the 1924 and 1925 VFL seasons.

### Preston

By the late 1920s Monohan had crossed to Preston in the Victorian Football Association.
# Sheldon Thomas (activist)

Sheldon Sebastian Thomas (born November 1964) was a British gang member and is the founder and chief executive of Gangsline Foundation Trust, a nonprofit organisation established in 2007 to provide assistance to young people involved in gang culture, and which also deals with grooming and radicalisation. He has contributed to television and radio and has been involved in work with Scotland Yard and the Home Office.

## Early life

Sheldon Thomas was born in November 1964, to Jamaican parents. During the 1970s, he was a member of a gang in London. He later told the Evening Standard “we called our gang the Black Moriah Posse after the infamous Jamaican Shower Posse, but unlike today, we were more concerned with fighting the National Front and racist police than killing other gang members”.

## Career

In 1981, he was active in the Brixton riots, and recounted his memoirs in interviews 30 years later. In 1985, 1986 or 1988, he became influenced by Haringey council leader Bernie Grant, and left gang culture. He subsequently gained a Certificate and Diploma in Management and a BA (Hons) in Marketing and Statistics.

### Gangsline

Thomas founded and became the chief executive of Gangsline Foundation Trust, a nonprofit organisation established in 2007 to provide assistance to young people involved in gang culture, and which also deals with grooming and radicalisation. The organisation was incorporated as Gangsline Foundation Trust Limited in 2013.
He has contributed to television and radio and has been involved in work with Scotland Yard and the Home Office, when he was also advisor to Theresa May.
Thomas and his wife Michelle are also directors of the associated for-profit company Gangsline Limited from which they drew salaries of £72,443 for the year ended 30 September 2018, the last year for which accounts were filed.
In April 2020, he reported to Sky News that social distancing measures and increased police checks during the coronavirus pandemic in the UK resulted in a change of behaviour in frightened drug dealers, and a reduction of cuckooing activity and county lines drug trafficking.

## Personal life

He is married to Michelle Stead-Thomas and they have four children.
# Peston Padamji Ginwala

Peston Padamji Ginwala (9 February 1919 – 2 July 2008) also known as Pesi Ginwala was a noted senior barrister from India, working at Calcutta High Court.

## Life-sketch

He was born on 9 February 1919 in Rangoon to Sir Padamji Pestonji Ginwala, also a noted barrister, economist and public figure of British India and British Burma. Peston was educated at Charterhouse School, London, before completing his law degree at the prestigious Balliol College, Oxford. He joined the bar at Inner Temple. He moved to Calcutta in 1945, before starting his career at Calcutta High Court. Peston was married to Hilla, in whose honour he started a scholarship named The Hilla Ginwala Scholarship worth £10,000 per year for needy students from India, willing to study at Oxford University He was noted for his legal acumen and expertise. He also served as a director in various companies like Indian Iron & Steel Co. promoted by Calcutta-based industrialist, Sir Ranjen Mookerjee and others.
He died in Kolkata in July 2008.
# Toni Stoichkov

Toni Stoichkov (Bulgarian: Тони Стоичков; born 10 November 1995) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a central defender for Marek Dupnitsa.

## Career

In 2012, he joined CSKA Sofia's first team from the youth team.
In January 2017, Stoichkov signed for Bansko. He moved to CSKA 1948 on 14 June 2017.

## Career statistics
### Club

As of 26 May 2015
| Club | Season | League | League | Bulgarian Cup | Bulgarian Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| CSKA | 2012–13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| CSKA | 2013–14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CSKA | 2014–15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CSKA | Total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Cherno More | 2014–15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Cherno More | Total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career totals | Career totals | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
# Ron Stone (Australian footballer)

Ron Stone (born 30 July 1945) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Stone had three children and seven grandchildren. His favourite being Alex.
# Tom Hayes (Australian footballer)

Thomas Daniel Hayes (25 October 1921 – 8 May 2010) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Phenakite

Phenakite or phenacite is a fairly rare nesosilicate mineral consisting of beryllium orthosilicate, Be$_2$SiO$_4$. Occasionally used as a gemstone, phenakite occurs as isolated crystals, which are rhombohedral with parallel-faced hemihedrism, and are either lenticular or prismatic in habit: the lenticular habit is determined by the development of faces of several obtuse rhombohedra and the absence of prism faces. There is no cleavage, and the fracture is conchoidal. The Mohs hardness is high, being 7.5–8; the specific gravity is 2.96. The crystals are sometimes perfectly colorless and transparent, but more often they are greyish or yellowish and only translucent; occasionally they are pale rose-red. In general appearance the mineral is not unlike quartz, for which indeed it has been mistaken. Its name comes from Ancient Greek: φέναξ, romanized: phénax, meaning "deceiver" due to its close visual similarity to quartz, named by Nils Gustaf Nordenskiöld in 1833.

## Largest phenakite

A large phenakite gemstone has been found in Sri Lanka. Found on November 18, 2021, this gemstone weighs 616.9 carats which makes it the largest of its kind. It is owned by a gem dealer from Beruwala, Sri Lanka, and reported to be worth around SL Rs. 1 billion (US $5 million).

## Occurrence

Phenakite is found in high-temperature pegmatite veins and in mica-schists associated with quartz, chrysoberyl, apatite and topaz. It has long been known from the emerald and chrysoberyl mine on the Takovaya stream, near Yekaterinburg in the Urals of Russia, where large crystals occur in mica-schist. It is also found with topaz and amazonite in the granite of the Ilmen Mountains in the southern Urals and of the Pikes Peak region in Colorado, US. Additionally in Colorado, phenakite is found in the Mount Antero area with aquamarine, bertrandite, and fluorite. Small, gem grade individual crystals of phenakite showing a prismatic habit are noted in beryl dissolution cavities at the Noumas II Pegmatite, part of the Orange River pegmatite belt in the Northern Cape of South Africa. Large crystals of prismatic habit have been found in a feldspar quarry at Kragerø in Norway. Framont near Schirmeck in Alsace is another well-known locality. Still larger crystals, measuring 12 inches (300 mm) in diameter and weighing 28 lb (13 kg). have been found at Greenwood in Maine, but these are pseudomorphs of quartz after phenakite.
For gem purposes the stone is cut in the brilliant form, of which there are two fine examples, weighing 34 and 43 carats (6.8 and 8.6 g), in the British Museum. The indices of refraction are higher than those of quartz, beryl or topaz; a faceted phenakite is consequently rather brilliant and may sometimes be mistaken for diamond.
# Jamiliya

Jamiliya (Arabic: الجميلية) is a Syrian village located in Darkush Nahiyah in Jisr al-Shughur District, Idlib. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Jamiliya had a population of 612 in the 2004 census.
# Borislav Borisov (footballer)

Borislav Borisov (Bulgarian: Борислав Борисов; born 27 September 1990) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a forward.

## Career

Borisov started his career at Bdin Vidin. He scored 16 goals during 2010–11 season in the North-West V AFG and helped the team to B PFG promotion.
In early 2012, Borisov completed his move to Litex Lovech on a free transfer. On 2 February, he joined Montana on loan until the end of the season. Borisov made his A PFG debut on 3 March, in a 3–2 away win over Kaliakra Kavarna, coming off the bench to score Montana's third goal.
Borisov played for Sozopol for one season but was released in June 2017. In July 2017, he joined Botev Vratsa. He left the club at the end of the 2017–18 season.

## Club statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bdin Vidin | 2009–10 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 20 | 1 |
| Bdin Vidin | 2010–11 | 26 | 16 | — | — | — | — | 26 | 16 |
| Bdin Vidin | 2011–12 | 12 | 7 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 7 |
| Bdin Vidin | Total | 57 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 24 |
| Montana | 2011–12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 10 | 1 |
| Montana | Total | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
(Correct as of 1 June 2012)
# OffBeat (music magazine)

OffBeat is a New Orleans, Louisiana monthly local music magazine founded by Jan V. Ramsey in 1987. The magazine, published by OffBeat, Inc., focuses on the popular music of New Orleans and Louisiana, which is generally R&B, blues, jazz, rock, hip-hop, funk, and many other traditional styles of music popular in Louisiana. OffBeat was the first magazine in New Orleans to resume publishing after the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, despite losing all its staff and its printer.
OffBeat publishes several music festival oriented issues, including the "French Quarter Festival Souvenir Guide" in early April, and the "Jazz Fest Bible," a special Jazz Fest issue. These issues contain schedules of local music festivals, detailed information on performers and club listings, and interviews with local musicians. The magazine hosts a local music awards series, "The Best of the Beat Awards", to highlight local music and musicians, and also runs the "Louisiana Music Directory," containing listings of bands, musicians, record labels, and clubs in the state.
The magazine's website was the first magazine website online in the state of Louisiana.
With its April 2020 issue, OffBeat transitioned to a digital-only distribution model.

## Cultural impact

According to Sarah Ravits writing for another local publication, OffBeat "garnered a global readership and helped solidify New Orleans’ reputation as an international music destination." Melissa A. Weber, curator at Tulane University, has written that "[a]s New Orleans’ premiere entertainment monthly, OffBeat’s consistent reporting allowed for expanded coverage of topics that may have been overlooked in local weekly newspapers."
OffBeat is featured in the HBO series Treme. Its editorial resulted in the creation of characters (such as "DJ Davis McAlary", in reality local musician/DJ/writer Davis Rogan), and storylines in the series.
In 2023, Krewe du Vieux honored Ramsey and OffBeat by selecting her as their Mardi Gras Queen and developing the krewe's annual theme based on a humorous pun of the magazine's name.
# Ken Osborne

Ken Osborne (26 September 1948 – 3 January 2016) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Fred Hill (Australian footballer)

Fred Hill (13 May 1927 – 27 May 2020) was an Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Gjoko Taneski

Gjoko Taneski (Macedonian: Ѓоко Танески) (born 2 March 1977) is a Macedonian singer.
Taneski was born in Ohrid, SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia. He won the National final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, after which he represent Macedonia with the song "Jas ja imam silata" at Eurovision Song Contest 2010.

## Eurovision 2010

On 20 February 2010, Taneski won the Macedonian national final and represented North Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 with the song "Jas ja imam silata", performing it in the first semi-final held on 25 May 2010 in Oslo, Norway. It failed to qualify for the final and finished in 15th place in the semi-final with 37 points.

## Discography
### Albums

* Zbogum Najmila (Farewell Dearest) (2007)
* Nikogaš Dosta (Never Enough) (2009).
# Perumpadavu

Perumpadavu is a village in the Kannur district of Kerala, India. Perumpadavu comes under ward no.1 of the Chapparapadavu Grama Panchayat.

## Location

Perumpadavu is located 43 km away from Kannur city, 22 km north of Taliparamba town and 28 km east of Payyanur town.

## Culture

Karippal Nagam is a temple dedicated to the serpent god. It is located at karippal near perumpadavu in the Kannur district. The Ayilyam festival is most important for this temple. The festival falls on Ayilyam star of the Dhanu month in the Malayalam Calendar. Devotees visit in large numbers, during the festive seasons.

## Education

* BVJM HSS Perumpadavu
* Oxford English school, Perumpadavu
* St. Joseph English school Perumpadave
* GLPS Thalavil
* SVUP school, Karippal
* MAMLP school Vellakkad

## Transportation

National Highway (NH 66) passes through Taliparamba town. Mumbai and Mangalore can be accessed on the northern side and Cochin and Trivandrum from the southern side. The road to the east connects to Mysore and Bangalore. The nearest railway station is 31 km away Payyanur on Shoranur-Mangalore Section under Southern Railway. The nearest airport is 54 km away Kannur International Airport.
# FMA I.Ae. 37

The FMA I.Ae. 37 was a prototype jet fighter developed in Argentina during the 1950s. It never flew and was cancelled in 1960.

## Development

Reimar Horten began work on the I.Ae. 37 around 1952, after his earlier flying wing projects were cancelled in 1951. This was a single-engined jet fighter that used a Delta wing flying wing structure with lateral engine inlets on each side of the nose. Wind tunnel tests began in 1953 as did testing of scale models at speeds up to 200 km/h (120 mph). A full scale glider was built and made its first flight on 1 October 1954. Most unusually the pilot lay prone and looked out through the clear nose. Flight performance was deemed excellent and manufacture of a prototype powered by a Rolls-Royce Derwent V began in 1955. This engine was selected as it was readily available, but lacked the thrust desired for the fighter. The glider was modified with a normal cockpit in 1956. Shortly afterwards the program was split with the current aircraft becoming a subsonic trainer and a new, more powerful fighter, designated as the I.Ae. 48, with two podded engines under the wings and intended to reach Mach 2.2 (2,700 km/h). However, both projects were cancelled in 1960 as an economy measure, only a year before the I.Ae. 37 was to fly.

## Specifications (I.Ae. 37)

Data from Rivas 2008, p. 170
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 11.78 m (38 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 10 m (32 ft 10 in)
* Height: 4.92 m (16 ft 2 in)
* Wing area: 48 m$^2$ (520 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 3,300 kg (7,275 lb)
* Gross weight: 4,800 kg (10,582 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Derwent V turbojet, 16.02 kN (3,600 lbf) thrust
Performance
* Maximum speed: 800 km/h (500 mph, 430 kn)
* Range: 2,000 km (600 mi, 520 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 11,000 m (36,089 ft)
# Flight International

Flight International, formerly Flight, is a monthly magazine focused on aerospace. Published in the United Kingdom and founded in 1909 as "A Journal devoted to the Interests, Practice, and Progress of Aerial Locomotion and Transport", it is the world's oldest continuously published aviation news magazine.
Flight International is published by DVV Media Group. Competitors include Jane's Information Group and Aviation Week. Former editors of, and contributors include H. F. King, Bill Gunston, John W. R. Taylor and David Learmount.

## History

The founder and first editor of Flight was Stanley Spooner. He was also the creator and editor of The Automotor Journal, originally titled The Automotor Journal and Horseless Vehicle. From around 1900 the journal had a separate section relating to aviation and aeronautical matters. The 5 April 1908 issue of The Automotor Journal included a diagram of patent drawings of a plane made by the Wright brothers. Stanley kept in contact with them via his friend Griffith Brewer. Eventually, Spooner decided that a journal focused solely on matters relating to flying should be published—and so, Flight magazine was established as an offshoot of The Automotor Journal.
Claiming to be the first aeronautical weekly in the world, Flight first appeared on 2 January 1909 as the official journal of the Aero Club of the United Kingdom (later the Royal Aero Club). In April 1934, Flight was acquired by Iliffe & Sons, who were proprietors and printers of technical magazines, one of which included Autocar. On 4 January 1962 the magazine was renamed Flight International.
In August 2019, Flight International and its associated divisions (except analytics and consulting divisions, which were retained by RELX as Cirium) were sold to DVV Media Group. In September 2020, Flight International switched from a weekly to monthly publication.
# Currency of Germany

This is a list of current and historical currency of Germany. The sole currency of Germany has been the Euro since 2002.

## List

| Currency | Area | Date created | Date abolished |
| Euro | Germany | 1999 | current currency |
| Deutsche Mark | Germany (unified) West Germany | 1990 (unified) 1948 (West Germany) | 2002 |
| East German mark | East Germany | 1948 | 1990 |
| Saar franc | Saarland | 1947 | 1959 |
| Saar mark | Saarland | 1947 | 1947 |
| Reichsmark | Allied-occupied Germany Nazi Germany Weimar Republic | 1924 | 1948 |
| German Rentenmark | Weimar Republic | 1923 | 1924 |
| German Papiermark | Weimar Republic German Empire | 1914 | 1923 |
| German gold mark | German Empire | 1873 | 1914 |
| Vereinsthaler | North German states | 1857 | 1873 |
| South German gulden | South German states | 1754 | 1873 |
| North German thaler | North German states | 1690 | 1873 |
| Hamburg mark | Hamburg | 1619 | 1873 |
# Sibbesborg

Sibbesborg was a medieval castle in Sipoo, Finland. Today, only some earth walls remain on the forested hill upon which it stood. The castle was mostly made of bricks and wood in the late 14th century.
Sibbesborg was originally located on an island, but due to the post-glacial rebound the hill has been firmly connected to the mainland since the 17th century. The site can be accessed on foot.
# Bob Langford

Robert Langford (born 3 October 1948) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Dmytro Habinet

Dmytro Anatoliyovich Habinet (Ukrainian: Дмитро Анатолійович Габінет; 9 August 1983 – 17 December 2024) was a Ukrainian jurist and politician. He was governor of Khmelnytskyi Oblast from 2019 to 2020. Habinet died on 17 December 2024, at the age of 41.
# Alby Rose

Albert Rose (1 October 1875 – 31 May 1921) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the South Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
He also spent some time in South Africa, where he played two first-class cricket matches for Transvaal.
# Jarrod Shaw

Jarrod Shaw (born January 7, 1988) is a former American football offensive guard. He signed with the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football at Tennessee.

## Early years

Shaw attended Northside High School in Lafayette, Louisiana. He was a Two-time All-District and All- State while in high school.

## College career

He played college football at Tennessee, where he started six games in his junior season and 13 games in his senior season. While at Tennessee, Shaw played all five positions along the offensive line during his career.

## Professional career
### Cleveland Browns

On July 26, 2011, he signed with the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent. On September 3, 2011, he was released. On September 4, he was signed to the practice squad. On January 3, 2012, he was signed to a reserve/future contract after spending the 2011 NFL season on the Cleveland Browns practice squad. On August 31, 2012, he was released. On September 1, he was signed to the practice squad. On October 22, 2012, he was promoted to the active roster. He was waived by the Cleveland Browns on September 1, 2013.

### Oakland Raiders

Shaw was signed by the Oakland Raiders as a reserve/future free agent on January 13, 2014. On August 31, 2014, Shaw was released.