OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# FMA I.Ae. 48

The I.Ae. 48 was a prototype jet fighter of Argentine origin. It was to be developed after the I.Ae. 37 program was split with it becoming a subsonic trainer as the new, more powerful fighter, designated as the I.Ae. 48, with two podded engines under the wings and intended to reach Mach 2.2.(2700 km/h). However, both projects were canceled in 1960 as an economic measure, only a year before the I.Ae. 37 was to fly.

## History

Since the late 1940s, the major aviation industry was passing a golden age in which the availability of foreign exchange in government coffers, the profusion of German aeronautical engineers, unemployed Italian and French and British willingness to provide aeronautical engines and accessories generation allowed the Aeronautical and Mechanical Industries of the State (IAME) embark on the dream of becoming autonomous in the development and construction of high-performance aircraft and advanced technology. But the depletion of budget sources, the ambition of some designs, and distraction in initiatives outside the aerospace field conspired to dilute the fantasy that Argentina achieved aeronautical be a power comparable to the great nations. The coup of 1955 only served to finish a project that, by 1953, showed clear signs of stagnation due to lack of resources and, why not, by the appearance of some technical bottlenecks own work that sometimes bordered on border technology of the time.

## Overview

This model, designated IA-48, be equipped with two Rolls-Royce Avon RA3 thrust of 2,950 kg, two Rolls-Royce Nene 101, 2 267 kg or two nacelles containing Bristol Orpheus 2 200 kg under the wings, which in turn, would delta wing Pointed or Gothic was designed to reach Mach 2.2. The Navy was interested in the model for use in the new aircraft carrier Independence, reached in 1958, that is why underwent some changes, such as the orientation of the flow of engine exhaust.

## Specifications

* Type: Interceptor
* Engine: 2 RR Avon of 2950 kg, or 2 RR Nene 101 of 2267 kg, or 2 Bristol Orpheus Bor of 2200 kg thrust
* Max. Speed: Mach 2.2
* Landing Speed: 155 km / h
* 16 800 kg MTOW
* Wing Area: 50 m2
# Pasha (disambiguation)

Pasha was an Ottoman higher rank, and an honorary title.
Pasha or Paşa may also refer to:

## Places

* Pasha, Queensland, a locality in the Isaac Region of Australia
* Pasha (river), in Leningrad Oblast, Russia
* "Pasha enclaves", another name for the India–Bangladesh enclaves

## Science

* Pasha, a name for the Herona marathus species of butterfly
* Pasha butterflies, a name for some of the Charaxes genus of butterflies
* Pasha (protein), an alias for the DGCR8 protein, used especially when it appears in non-human animals such as D. melanogaster and C. elegans

## Other uses

* Pasha, a diminutive of Pavel, itself a Russian and Czech form of Paul.
* Pasha (film), a 1968 French film directed by Georges Lautner
* Pasha (Hinduism), a supernatural weapon depicted in Hindu iconography
* Pasha (surname), a list of individuals with the surname
* Pasha Group, an American shipping company
** Pasha Hawaii, a company in the Pasha Group that specializes in trade between Hawaii and the continental United States
* PASHA Holding, an Azerbaijani financial corporation
* Pasha Records, an American record label
* Pakistan Software Houses Association for IT and ITeS (P@SHA), a Pakistani IT trade body that promotes and develops the software and services industry
* Pasha, a GWR Iron Duke Class steam locomotive
* Pasha, a virtual pinball table that first appeared in the video game Pinball FX 2
* Pasha, a fictional villain in the 1988 Indian film Paap Ki Duniya, played by Danny Denzongpa
* Purple Pasha, a fictional female character in Wee Sing in Sillyville
# Tsvetan Iliev

Tsvetan Iliev (Bulgarian: Цветан Илиев; born 29 April 1990) is a Bulgarian football player, currently playing as a midfielder for Volov Shumen 2007 and also is the manager of the club.

## Career

On 1 April 2012, Tsvetan Iliev scored a historic goal to help Svetkavitsa to a 1–0 win over Kaliakra Kavarna – this was the first occasion on which the team from Targovishte managed to defeat an opponent an A PFG match.
# Jeff Chapman (footballer)

Jeff Chapman AM (born 22 February 1948) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is also the founder of the Bangarra Group, a private family office that owns Bennelong Funds Management, an investment management business, and the Bennelong Foundation, a philanthropic foundation.
On 26 January 2019, Chapman was appointed as a Member (AM) in the General Division of the Order of Australia as part of the Australia Day honours, receiving the award "for significant service to the community through philanthropic initiatives".
# Kati Wolf

Kati Wolf (born 24 September 1974) is a Hungarian singer. Wolf represented Hungary at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 with the song "What About My Dreams?".
At the age of seven, Wolf sang the title track for the popular Hungarian cartoon Vuk. Besides singing, she also took piano and jazz dance classes. After her graduation as solfège teacher, chorus master at the Hungarian Music Academy, she worked with numerous bands in different genres. Her breakthrough came in 2010 as a finalist of the Hungarian version of the talent show X-Faktor. Prior to X-Faktor she worked as an airline purser.
On 10 December 2014, it was announced that Wolf would take part in A Dal, the national selection implemented the year after she participated, with the song "Ne engedj el!" in hopes of representing Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015. She was previously a judge in the 2012 edition of the national final. Kati got to the final, but did not qualify for the superfinal.

## Discography
### Albums

* Wolf-áramlat (2009)
* Az első X — 10 dal az élő showból (2011)
* Vár a holnap (2011)

### Charted singles

| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album |
| Year | Title | AUS | BEL Tip | SWI | UK | HUN | Certifications | Album |
| 2011 | "What About My Dreams?" | 47 | 45 | 53 | 128 | 1 | | Vár a Holnap |
| 2012 | "Lángolj" | - | - | - | - | 15 | | Vár a Holnap |
| 2012 | "Az aki voltam (The Last Time)" | - | - | - | - | 29 | | Vár a Holnap |

### Other single releases

* "Vuk dala" (1981)
# Ernie Dunne

Ernest Albert Dunne (20 July 1873 – 15 September 1931) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Clintons

Clintons, previously branded as Clinton Cards, is a chain of stores in the UK founded in 1968 by Don Lewin and best known for selling greeting cards. It also sells soft toys and related gift products.
It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE Fledgling Index. On 9 May 2012 the company entered administration and following the closure of 350 branches, the company was bought by American Greetings.
The company fell into administration in 2012 and 2019 and was purchased both times by companies owned by the Weiss family. Clintons was managed by Eddie Shepard, from American Greetings’ subsidiary, Schurman Retail Group.
Starting in July 2012, the company began the gradual introduction of a new store design and logo, which removed the previous ‘Clinton Cards’ branding, replacing it with the new ‘Clintons’ name.
On 4 March 2024, Clintons was acquired by Pillarbox Designs, parent company of the similarly-sized greetings card retailer Cardzone and gift stores as Mooch. Talks around merging the two businesses had been taking place since prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Clintons brand will be retained and some stores may transition between the brands. Pillarbox's Paul Taylor replaced Eddie Shepard as Clintons CEO.

## History

Clinton Cards was founded in 1968 when Don Lewin OBE opened his first shop in Epping, Essex. The business grew to 77 shops by 1988 and was then successfully floated on the London Stock Exchange.
In 2004, the company purchased the Birthdays chain of card and party shops for £ 46.4 million but placed the subsidiary into administration in 2009, subsequently buying back 140 of the 332 stores.
In May 2012, the company's main supplier American Greetings bought £36 million of Clintons debt from its main lending banks, and immediately called in the debt for payment. Clinton Cards was unable to make the payment and entered administration on 9 May, with Peter Saville, Simon Freakley and Anne O’Keefe of Zolfo Cooper LLP, appointed as Joint Administrators of the Company. A week later 350 branches were closed, including all the Birthdays branches, and the remaining 397 stores were purchased in June 2012 by US-based American Greetings' subsidiary Lakeshore Lending Limited. In October 2012, 12 stores were disposed of and sold to its main rival Card Factory.
In August 2023, Clintons was once again facing financial difficulties; the company appointed advisors to help it avoid insolvency and looked to close 38 of its 179 shops.
# 140 BC

140 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sapiens and Caepio (or, less frequently, year 614 Ab urbe condita) and the First Year of Jianyuan. The denomination 140 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Africa

* Scipio Aemilianus leads a group of Roman ambassadors to Alexandria, where they meet with King Ptolemy VIII.

#### Judea

* Simon Maccabaeus crowned king of Judea.

## Births

* Huo Qubing, Chinese general of the Han dynasty (d. 117 BC)
* Lucius Licinius Crassus, Roman consul and statesman (d. 91 BC)
* Su Wu, Chinese diplomat and statesman (d. 60 BC)
* Tigranes the Great, king of Armenia (d. 55 BC)
# Dimitar Georgiev

Dimitar Georgiev (Bulgarian: Димитър Георгиев; born 9 February 1992) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a forward.

## Career

He made his A PFG debut for Litex on 16 May 2010 against Sportist Svoge on the last day of the season, coming on as a substitute for Momchil Tsvetanov. On 14 June 2011, he signed his first professional contract with Litex. On 6 July, Dimitrov signed for Botev Vratsa on a season-long loan deal.
On 16 June 2017, Georgiev signed a 2-year contract with Dunav Ruse. In June 2018, he moved to Montana.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 1 June 2017
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Litex Lovech | 2009–10 | A Group | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Litex Lovech | 2010–11 | A Group | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Botev Vratsa | 2011–12 | A Group | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Marek Dupnitsa | 2012–13 | V Group | 28 | 8 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 28 | 8 |
| Marek Dupnitsa | 2013–14 | B Group | 25 | 4 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 26 | 4 |
| Slavia Sofia | 2014–15 | A Group | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Burgas | 2014–15 | B Group | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 11 | 2 |
| Neftochimic Burgas | 2015–16 | B Group | 15 | 5 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 5 |
| Pirin Razlog | 2015–16 | B Group | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 12 | 2 |
| Lokomotiv Sofia | 2016–17 | Second League | 28 | 18 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 30 | 19 |
| Total | Bulgaria | Bulgaria | 125 | 39 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 40 |
# Hugh Bromell

Hugh Bromell (born 2 January 1942) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Orlando Power Station

Orlando Power Station is a decommissioned coal-fired power station in Soweto, South Africa. The power station was commissioned at the end of the Second World War and served Johannesburg for over 50 years.

## History

Planning for the construction of Orlando started in 1935, as the electricity demand of Johannesburg was rising faster than what could be met with the existing City Generating Station located in downtown Johannesburg. The location for the station was selected due to its proximity to water supply for coolant and railway lines for the delivery of coal. Construction started in 1939 with Merz & McLellan as consulting engineers, but completion was delayed due to the outbreak of the Second World War. The last phase of construction was completed in 1955. Until 1990 two Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns saddle-tank steam engines (Nos. 7805 Elizabeth an 0-6-0ST and 7398 George an 0-4-0ST were used to move incoming coal trains through a wagon tipper at the power plant.
The station was decommissioned in 1998 after 56 years of service.
In 2006 work was started to transform the site of the power station into an entertainment and business centre.
On 25 June 2014, the decommissioned power plant collapsed, killing 1 and trapping 5 others in the rubble.

## Cooling towers

The two cooling towers are a prominent landmark in Soweto. They were built in 1951 to supplement the spray pond cooling system as this source of cooling was running at its capacity.
Being supplied by sewage effluent from the Klipspruit Sewage Works, the spray ponds at Orlando were the first in South Africa to make use of this ready supply of coolant liquid.
Both towers are painted, one functioning as an advertising billboard and the other containing the largest mural painting in South Africa. The towers are also used for bungee and BASE jumping from a platform between the top of the two towers as well as a bungee swing into one of the towers.

## In film and TV

The tower was used for a Fast Forward on the seventh season of The Amazing Race. The task was for one team (Ray & Deana in particular) to walk across a suspension bridge spanning one of the cooling towers 30 storeys above the ground. In the movie Chappie the power station is the headquarter of the protagonists, the two iconic cooling towers and the main building are decorated with typical Die Antwoord artwork. The towers also appeared on the Dutch television series Wie is de Mol? where contestants in the premiere of the show's thirteenth season bungee jumped off of the towers. The towers were mentioned in the Season 3, Episode 5 episode of Wild Things with Dominic Monaghan.
In the second season of Sky One’s An Idiot Abroad the towers feature as Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant attempt to get host Karl Pilkington to bungee jump from a platform suspended between the two to no avail. One of the cameramen however does jump.
# Jerry McGrath

Jerry McGrath (25 December 1874 – 27 September 1932) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Delium

Delium (Ancient Greek: Δήλιον, Dḗlion) was a small town in ancient Boeotia with a celebrated temple of Apollo. It was located upon the sea-coast in the territory of Tanagra in Boeotia, and at the distance of about a mile (1.6 km) from the territory of Oropus. This temple, which like the town took its name from the island of Delos, is described by Livy as overhanging the sea, and distant 5 miles (8.0 km) from Tanagra, at the spot where the passage to the nearest parts of Euboea is less than 4 miles (6.4 km). Strabo speaks of Delium as a temple of Apollo and a small town (πολίχνιον) of the Tanagraei, distant 40 stadia from Aulis.
There were two important battles at Delium. In the first battle, called the Battle of Delium, the Athenians suffered a signal defeat at the hands of the Boeotians in the eighth year of the Peloponnesian War, in 424 BCE. This battle took place over several days. Hippocrates, the Athenian commander, had seized the temple at Delium, which he converted into a fortress by erecting some temporary works. Leaving a garrison there, he was on his march homewards and had already reached the territory of Oropus, 10 stadia distant from Delium, when he encountered the Boeotian army advancing to cut off his retreat. The Athenians numbered 15,000, while the Boeotians mustered 18,500. The Athenians were defeated in the ensuing battle, losing 1,200, including Hippocrates, while the Boeotians lost only 500. Socrates fought at this battle among the hoplites, and, according to one account, saved the life of Xenophon, while, according to another, his own retreat was protected by Alcibiades, who was serving in the cavalry.
On the seventeenth day after the battle, the Boeotians retook the temple. The war was won in 404 BCE, with financial help from the Persians.
In the second battle, the Romans were defeated by Antiochus III the Great in 192 BCE.
Its site is located near modern Dilesi.
# Wu Qingfeng (swimmer)

Wu Qingfeng (simplified Chinese: 吴卿风; traditional Chinese: 吳卿風; pinyin: Wú Qīngfēng; born 28 January 2003) is a Chinese swimmer. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2018 Asian Games, winning the silver medal. In 2019, she competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She did not advance to compete in the semi-finals.
# Maksim Stoykov

Maksim Stoykov (Bulgarian: Максим Стойков; born 13 January 1991) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a midfielder.
# John Bell (footballer, born 1949)

John Bell (born 30 August 1949) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Noel Hickey (footballer)

Noel Hickey (10 January 1925 – 1 October 1996) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Mick O'Hagan

Michael Joseph O'Hagan (born 22 January 1878, date of death unknown) was an Australian rules footballer who played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

The son of John O'Hagan (1845–1882), and Mary Ann O'Hagan (1846–1891), née Creed, Michael Joseph O'Hagan was born in Carlton, Victoria on 22 January 1878.

## Education

O'Hagan was educated at the Christian Brothers College, in Victoria Parade.
In 1895, he was studying pharmacy at the University of Melbourne.

## Football

O'Hagan played VFL football for St Kilda on one occasion, against Essendon, at the East Melbourne Cricket Ground, on 24 July 1897 — Essendon thrashed St Kilda 13.16 (94) to 0.3 (3).

## Footnotes

* ↑ O'Hagan's date of death is unknown. He was listed as deceased in his sister Mary's death notice published in 1970 – "Deaths: O'Hagan, Mary Terese". The Age. 10 September 1970. p. 21. Retrieved 27 November 2024 – via Google News Archive.
* ↑ Holmesby & Main (2014), p.669.
* ↑ Deaths: O'Hagan, The Age, (Monday, 30 January 1882), p.1.
* ↑ Deaths: O'Hagan, The Argus, (Friday, 27 November 1891), p.1.
* ↑ At the time of her death she was the licensee of the Nicholson Hotel, on the corner of Nicholson and Palmerston Streets, Carlton, having taken over the license from her deceased husband in 1882: see (News Item), The Argus, (Wednesday, 29 March 1882), p.7.
* ↑ University of Melbourne: Matriculation Examination — November, 1893: Results: Melbourne Candidates, The Argus, (Saturday, 30 December 1893), p10.
* ↑ The University of Melbourne, The Argus, (Friday, 8 November 1895), p.3; School Speech Days, Christian Brothers' College, Victoria Parade, The Argus, (Monday, 23 December 1895), p.6.
* ↑ Although there's a "Hogan" listed in the St Kilda team — i.e., Joe Hogan — to play against Essendon, no "O'Hagan" is listed (Tomorrow's Games, The Herald, (Friday, 23 July 1897), p.2.); however, given that a check between that selected team and the participants listed by the AFL shows that at least five of those selected did not play, it seems that O'Hagan must have been a late, last-minute inclusion.
# Bouïra

36°22′48″N 3°54′5″E﻿ / ﻿36.38000°N 3.90139°E﻿ / 36.38000; 3.90139
Bouïra is the capital of Bouïra Province, Algeria. The city is also called "Garanda" by the locals.

## Demographics

It has 75,086 inhabitants as of the 1998 census, which gives it 15 seats in the PMA.
Historical population :
| Year | Population |
| 1954 | 18,200 |
| 1966 | 16,106 |
| 1987 | 35,600 36,500 (municipality) |
| 1998 | 52,500 |

## Geography

It is located in the geographical heart of the province. It borders the municipality of Ait Laziz in the north, Aïn Turk in the north-east (home to the largest aqueduct in Africa), Aïn El Hadjar in the east, El Hachimia in the south-east, Oued El Berdi in the south, El Asnam in the south-west, Haizer in the west, and Taghzourt in the north-west.

### Climate

Climate data for Bouïra :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.6 (54.7) | 16.3 (61.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 23.8 (74.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 34.1 (93.4) | 33.9 (93.0) | 28.5 (83.3) | 24.0 (75.2) | 16.3 (61.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 22.0 (71.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 10.2 (50.4) | 13.4 (56.1) | 17.3 (63.1) | 22.5 (72.5) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.2 (79.2) | 21.7 (71.1) | 17.6 (63.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | 7.6 (45.7) | 15.6 (60.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) | 2.0 (35.6) | 4.6 (40.3) | 7.2 (45.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 15.1 (59.2) | 18.7 (65.7) | 19.0 (66.2) | 15.8 (60.4) | 12.1 (53.8) | 6.6 (43.9) | 3.4 (38.1) | 9.8 (49.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 88 (3.5) | 78 (3.1) | 84 (3.3) | 86 (3.4) | 74 (2.9) | 21 (0.8) | 8 (0.3) | 19 (0.7) | 53 (2.1) | 60 (2.4) | 81 (3.2) | 82 (3.2) | 734 (28.9) |
| Source: Climate data.org(1991-2021) ||||||||||||||

## Transportation

The Autoroute A2 passes through the city.
# Miju language

Kaman (Geman, Geman Deng, Kùmán, Kman), or Miju (Miju Mishmi, Midzu), is a small language of India and China. Long assumed to be a Sino-Tibetan language, it may be a language isolate.

## Locations

In China, the Miju are known as the Deng 僜人. The Deng number over 1,000 in Zayü County, Tibet, China, with 1,000 of the Deng having the autonym tɑ31 ruɑŋ53 (大让), and 130 having the autonym kɯ31 mɑn35 (格曼) (Geman). They are also neighbors with the Idu or i53 du31 (义都) people.
In India, Miju is spoken in Hawai Circle and the Parsuram Kund area of Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh (Boro 1978, Dasgupta 1977). Ethnologue reports that Miju is spoken in 25 villages located in high altitude areas to the east of upper Lohit and Dau valleys, which are located east of the Haguliang, Billong, and Tilai valleys.

## Phonology

These are the sounds in the Miju/Kaman language.

### Consonants

Consonant phonemes :
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Plosive | plain | p | t | | | | k | ʔ |
| Plosive | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | | | | kʰ | |
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | | | | ɡ | |
| Affricate | plain | | ts | tʃ | | | | |
| Affricate | aspirated | | | tʃʰ | | | | |
| Affricate | voiced | | dz | dʒ | | | | |
| Fricative | plain | f | s | ʃ | | | | h |
| Fricative | voiced | v | z | | | | | ɦ |
| Approximant | Approximant | ʋ | | | | j | w | |
| Lateral | Lateral | | l | | ɭ | | | |
| Flap | Flap | | ɾ | | ɽ | | | |

### Vowels

Monophthong phonemes :
| | Front | Central | Back | Back |
| | Front | Central | unrounded | rounded |
| Close | i | (ɨ) | ɯ | u |
| Close-mid | | | | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ə | ʌ | ɔ |
| Open | | a | | |
/ɯ/ may also be heard as [ɨ].

### Tones

There are three main tones in the Miju language, rising (á), falling (à), and level (ā).

## Registers

Kman has various registers that are used in different situations. These include:
* shamanic
* hunting
* cursing and scolding
* poetic