OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Charles Ewald

Alexander Charles Ewald (1842–1891) was an English civil servant, known as a historical writer.

## Life

He was born at Jerusalem, the son of Christian Ferdinand Ewald (1802–1874), who from a Jewish family became a Christian convert working for the London Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Jews. He was educated abroad and was appointed to a clerkship in the Public Record Office in 1861, rising to be senior clerk by 1890. He died at 31 Victoria Road, Upper Norwood, on 20 June 1891.

## Works

While at the Public Record Office, Ewald was mainly responsible for the completion of the work begun by Thomas Duffus Hardy in 1835: a full calendar and précis of the Norman Rolls-Henry V. It was printed in vols. xli. and xlii. of the Deputy-keeper's Reports (1880 and 1881), and supplemented by a glossary prepared by Ewald. He also wrote less technical historical works, including:
* A Reference Book of English History, 1866 and 1867.
* Our Constitution: an Epitome of our Chief Laws and System of Government, 1867.
* The Last Century of Universal History (1767–1867), 1868.
* Our Public Records: a Brief Handbook to the National Archives, 1873.
* Life and Times of Algernon Sydney, 1873, 2 vols.
* Life and Times of Prince Charles Stuart, Count of Albany, 1875 and 1883, 2 vols.
* Sir Robert Walpole: a Political Biography, 1877.
* Representative Statesmen, 1879, 2 vols.
* Stories from the State Papers, 1881, 2 vols.
* The Rt. Hon. Benjamin Disraeli and his Times, 1883, 2 vols.
* Leaders of the Senate: a Biographical History of the Rise and Development of the British Constitution, 1884–5, 2 vols.
* Studies Re-studied: Historical Sketches from Original Sources, 1885.
* The Life of Sir Joseph Napier, Bart., 1887.
* Paper and Parchment (Record Office Studies), 1890.
# Dodonaea arnhemica

Dodonaea arnhemica is a species of plant in the family Sapindaceae and is endemic to the north of the Northern Territory. It is a shrub with oblong or elliptic leaves, flowers arranged singly or in racemes, and capsules with four or five broad wings.

## Description

Dodonaea arnhemica is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 3.5 m (11 ft). Its leaves are oblong or elliptic, 50–145 mm (2.0–5.7 in) long and 20–42 mm (0.79–1.65 in) wide on a petiole 4–15 mm (0.16–0.59 in) long and covered with soft hairs. The flowers are borne singly or in racemes on the ends of branches, each flower on a pedicel 4–21 mm (0.16–0.83 in) long, with six or seven egg-shaped to oblong sepals 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and 14–24 stamens. The ovary is heart-shaped and densely covered with soft hairs, the style 1–3.5 mm (0.039–0.138 in) long. The fruit is an oval capsule, 8–18 mm (0.31–0.71 in) long and up to 25 mm (0.98 in) wide, with four or five broad wings 6–8.5 mm (0.24–0.33 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1984 by Sally T. Reynolds who gave it the name Distichostemon arnhemicus in the journal Austrobaileya, based on specimens collected in 1973 on Mount Brockman in the Northern Territory. In 2010, M.G. Harrington transferred the species to Dodonaea as D. arnhemica in Australian Systematic Botany. The specific epithet (arnhemica) refers to Arnhem Land, where the species occurs.

## Distribution and habitat

This species of Dodonaea is common in mineralised areas of Arnhem Land, where it grows in sandstone gullies, gorges and escarpments, often near creeks.

## Conservation status

Dodonaea arnhemica is listed as "least concern" under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act.
# Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey

Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey (21 October 1804 – 7 December 1892) was a French scholar and draughtsman whose use of photography while he was active in the Middle East pursuing archaeology and studying ancient architecture has made him recognized as an important early photographer. His daguerreotypes are the earliest surviving photographs of Greece, Palestine, Italy, Egypt, Syria, and Turkey. After his death in 1892, his carefully stored photographs were discovered in the attic of his estate in the 1920s and they only became known as important works eighty years later.

## Career

Girault de Prangey was a wealthy scholar who studied painting in Paris at the École des Beaux-Arts and traveled as he pursued historical archaeology as an amateur. He learned daguerreotypy, possibly from its inventor, Louis Daguerre, or from Hippolyte Bayard. Girault de Prangey was keenly interested in the architecture of the Middle East. His artwork always included highly detailed focus upon architecture. He recognized that photography was a tool that could enable him to be even more accurate in his artwork. Between 1841 and 1844, he made a grand tour that included Italy and the countries of the eastern Mediterranean, producing more than 900 daguerreotypes of architectural views, landscapes, and portraits of residents he encountered in their cultural settings.
After his return to France, he made watercolour and pen-and-ink studies using his photographs and published a small-edition book of lithographs from them. Responses to the publication failed to encourage further publication of his artwork and he turned his concentration to his interest in the study of exotic plants at his estate. He made stereographs of his estate and the exotic plants he collected. Photography was not considered an art form during his lifetime. Being tools for his artwork, he made no effort to make his photographs known during his lifetime, and after using them for his artwork, stored them in wooden boxes in his attic.

## Legacy

Once the importance of his photography was known, his work was able to command high prices in the art world. In May 2003, Sheikh Saud Al Thani of Qatar purchased a daguerreotype by Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey for a world-record price of £565,250 or $922,488.
On 30 January 2019, the Metropolitan Museum of Art opened "Monumental Journey: The Daguerreotypes of Girault de Prangey". Approximately 120 photographs that the amateur archaeologist created in Greece, Egypt, Syria, Turkey, and the Levant during a self-financed tour of the region in the early 1840s were presented. They included the Parthenon in Athens, the Khayrbak Mosque in Cairo, and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Organized with the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris, it was the first comprehensive exhibition in America devoted to the photography of the French artist.

## Gallery

* The arch of Constantine, 1842
* Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, 1842
* Part of the Acropolis, 1842
* Piferari, 1842
* St Peter’s Basilica, 1842
# Anthony Fenton

Anthony Fenton is a Canadian independent print and radio journalist and writer. He has been a regular contributor to The Dominion and Z Communications, and is currently a doctoral student at York University.

## Education

Fenton earned a BA in political science from the University of Alberta in 2002 and an MA in political economy from York University in 2011. His master's thesis primarily took a wide-angled look at Canadian lawyers and law firms, aiming to investigate the functions they perform for Canadian government and business elites, as well as for the capitalist system globally. He is currently undertaking doctoral research at York.

## Work

Fenton maintains a long-running interest in Haiti. At the end of 2005, he and Dennis Bernstein exposed the links of journalist Régine Alexandre, who at the time was working freelance for the Associated Press and The New York Times, to the US National Endowment for Democracy. The AP consequently severed its ties with Alexandre. Fenton's first book, Canada in Haiti: Waging War on the Poor Majority (2005), which he co-wrote with Yves Engler, was a study of Canadian policy towards the Caribbean nation.
He has also written on the principle of Responsibility to Protect, which he argues is "a new name for the old concept of humanitarian intervention, or humanitarian imperialism."
# Nuala McGovern

Nuala McGovern is an Irish journalist and broadcaster working for BBC News. McGovern was the main presenter of Outside Source on the BBC World Service from 2014 to 2022.

## Early life and education

McGovern grew up in Drumcondra in Dublin, Ireland. Her father was a publican. She is a graduate of University College Dublin, where she studied English and Italian.

## Early career

After graduating from university she taught English in Italy for a period before moving to the United States after her sister made an application for a green card on her behalf. She got her start in broadcasting as a presenter and producer for Adrian Flannelly's radio show in New York, before joining WNYC. There, McGovern was a producer on The Brian Lehrer Show for nine years, where she was part of a Peabody Award-winning team. During this time she was also the founding producer of a spin-off show, Brian Lehrer Live: Where Web Video Meets the Issues.

## BBC career

McGovern joined the BBC in 2009 as a presenter and producer of World: Have Your Say on the BBC World Service. In 2012 she became one of the founding presenters of Newsday, the World Service's new breakfast programme. She started presenting OS in 2015.
McGovern announced on Twitter on 13 January 2022 that she would leave OS to become a news presenter on BBC World News.
In April 2024, she took over as host of BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour.
# Delivering (film)

Delivering is a 1993 short film by American filmmaker Todd Field (using his first name William), while a fellow at the AFI Conservatory. Adapted from the story of the same name by Andre Dubus, it is a dramatic piece that takes place on the day brothers Jimmy (Ian Bohen) and Chris (Justin Carmack) discover their mother has abandoned the family.
The film is notable as it was the first time Field adapted Dubus' work. The next would be his Academy Award-nominated feature debut, In the Bedroom, based on Dubus' short story, Killings. Years after Field's graduation from the AFI, Delivering continued to be screened in the classroom.

## Cast

* Ian Bohen as Jimmy
* Justin Carmack as Chris
* Danni Wheeler as Dottie
* David Hayward as Dad
# Daniel Sandford (journalist)

Daniel Sandford is an English TV journalist.

## Early life and education

Sandford was born in 1965-66 in Oxford. His family moved to Ethiopia when he was 3 and he received his primary education there at the English School, which had been founded by his grandmother some 20 years earlier. The family returned to the UK after the 1974 Ethiopian revolution and he received his secondary education at Magdalen College School, an independent school for boys in Oxford, and sang as a chorister in the choir of Magdalen College, Oxford. He studied physics and electronics at the University of Southampton, graduating in 1988.

## Career

From January 1989 to May 1998, Sandford worked at ITN, where his roles included that of Home Affairs Producer, Africa Producer and General Reporter.
In 1998 he joined the BBC, acting as Home Affairs Producer and Health Correspondent. In 2002 he became Home Affairs Correspondent. He reported on the terrorist attacks in London in July 2005, and the airline "liquid bomb plot" of August 2006. In May 2020 the BBC was obliged to apologise after 'incorrect' and 'disappointing' claims by Sandford live on air that Welsh borders would not be policed when Welsh Health minister Vaughan Gething and Rhun ap Iorwerth, MS for Ynys Môn criticised his remarks over the difference in COVID-19 lockdown rules in England and Wales.

## Personal life and family background

He is the grandson of Brigadier Daniel Sandford and the great nephew of Lieutenant Richard Douglas Sandford VC. He is also related to Daniel Fox Sandford (1831–1906), Bishop of Tasmania, Daniel Keyte Sandford (1798–1838), Scottish politician and Greek scholar and Daniel Sandford, (1766–1830), Bishop of Edinburgh.
He is married to Caro Kriel, the former head of international news for Sky News. He has two children.
# Dushica Gjorgjievska

Dushica Gjorgjievska (Macedonian: Душица Ѓорѓиевска; born 28 December 1987) is a retiredMacedonian handball player that played for Turkish club Zağnos SK and the Macedonian national team.
# Nataša Mladenovska

Nataša Mladenovska (Macedonian: Наташа Младеновска) (born 12 February 1986 in Kumanovo, Socialist Republic of Macedonia) is a retired Macedonian handball player that played for ŽRK Metalurg and for the North Macedonia women's national handball team.
She plays on the position line player-pivot.
In the season 2010/11, playing for ŽRK Metalurg, she made it to the Last 16 of the Women's EHF Cup Winners' Cup.
# Sara Stevanoska

Sara Stevanoska (Macedonian: Сара Стефановски; born August 28, 1993) is a Macedonian handball player for Turkish club Zağnos SK and the Macedonian national team.
Stevanoska played for RK Vardar in North Macedonia and ZORK Jagodina in Serbia before transferring to Genç Uşak SK of the Turkish Women's Handball Super League in July 2015. She joined Trabzon-based club Zağnos SK in December 2015.
She participated in the 2012–13 Women's EHF Cup as well as the Women's EHF Cup Winners' Cup in 2013–14 and 2014–15.
# Siege of Canterbury

The siege of Canterbury was a major Viking raid on the city of Canterbury that occurred between 8 and 29 September 1011, fought between a Viking army led by Thorkell the Tall and the Anglo-Saxon defenders. The details of the siege are largely unknown, and most of the known events were recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

## Background

In August 1009, a large Viking army led by Thorkell the Tall landed on the shores of Sandwich. The army initially targeted the city of Canterbury to pillage, but were promptly paid 3,000 pounds of silver in danegeld by the people of Kent to sway the army from attacking. Instead, the army went on to raid the rest of Southern England.

## The siege

By 8 September 1011, the army returned and laid siege to Canterbury, with the Anglo-Saxon forces relentlessly defending the city. Fellow Viking Olaf Haraldsson was also said to have joined Thorkell in the raid. After three weeks of fighting, the Vikings finally managed to break through into the city. Christian sources cite this as being due to the actions of a traitor named Ælfmaer, whose life had been previously saved by Ælfheah, the archbishop of Canterbury. Thorkell and his men laid siege to Canterbury and took several hostages of importance, including the archbishop himself. Godwine (Bishop of Rochester), Leofrun (abbess of St Mildrith's), and the king's reeve Ælfweard, were captured also, but the abbot of St Augustine's Abbey, Ælfmær, managed to escape. Canterbury Cathedral was plundered and burned by the Vikings following Ælfheah's capture.

## Aftermath

Ælfheah was held captive for seven months. The Vikings held Ælfheah for ransom and demanded 3,000 pounds of silver for his release. Ælfheah refused to be ransomed or have his people pay the invaders. This eventually culminated in the archbishop's murder where he was pelted with the bones of cattle before being finished off with a blow from the butt of an axe. Thorkell was seemingly against this, and was said to have tried his best to prevent the death of the archbishop, offering the attackers everything he possessed to stop the killing, save for his ship. Either out of disgust of this act or sensing the loss of control of his own men, Thorkell and a group of loyalists defected to serve the English king Æthelred the Unready as mercenaries, taking 45 Viking ships with them.
# Gabrielė Andrašiūnienė

Gabrielė Andrašiūnienė (born 29 July 1992 in Vilnius, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian mountain bike orienteer, European champion in long-distance event in 2022.

## Biography

Andrašiūnienė finished second in middle-distance racing at the 2022 European MTB Orienteering Championships. She won a gold medal at the 2022 European MTB Orienteering Championships.
# Olivija Baleišytė

Olivija Baleišytė (born 3 September 1998) is a Lithuanian road and track cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's Continental Team Aromitalia–Basso Bikes–Vaiano. Representing Lithuania at international competitions, Baleišytė competed at the 2016 UEC European Track Championships in the elimination race and individual pursuit events. In 2020 Baleišytė was awarded the Lithuanian Cycling Federation title for Lithuanian female cyclist of the year.

## Major results
### 2015

    Panevezys Track Championships
       1st Omnium (Juniors)
       1st Points race (Juniors)
    Minsk Track Championships
       1st Scratch rave (Juniors)
       1st Points race (Juniors)
    European Junior Track Championships
       3rd Individual Pursuit

### 2016

    European Junior Track Championships
       1st Individual pursuit
       2nd Omnium
    2nd Points race, Prova Internacional de Anadia
    2nd Omnium, Grand Prix Galichyna

### 2017

    National Track Championships
       1st Omnium
       1st Individual pursuit
       1st Elimination race
       1st Points race
       2nd Keirin
       3rd Team sprint
       3rd Sprint race
    Grand Prix of Tula
       1st Omnium
       1st Scratch Race
       3rd Points Race
    3rd Omnium, International track race - Panevežys

### 2018

    National Track Championships
       1st Omnium
       1st Scratch race
       1st Elimination race
       1st Points race
       1st Individual pursuit
       2nd Keirin
       2nd Scratch race
    2nd Time Trial, National Road Championships

### 2019

    National Track Championships
       1st Omnium
       1st Scratch race
       1st Elimination race
       1st Individual pursuit
       2nd Points race
# Felicity Goodey

Felicity Margaret Sue Goodey CBE DL (born 1949) is a former BBC journalist and presenter. She was a leading figure in the redevelopment of Salford Quays, including The Lowry and MediaCityUK.

## Early life

Goodey attended St Austell Grammar School then read history at St Hugh's College, Oxford.

## Career

Goodey spent 28 years at the BBC as an industrial and political correspondent, including as a presenter of the current affairs radio programme File on 4. She regularly appeared on BBC North West regional television news programmes Look North and North West Tonight.
She gave up broadcasting in 1998 to become a founder director of the Northwest Regional Development Agency, chairing the team responsible for developing tourism. She led the team that funded, built and operated The Lowry theatre and gallery complex in Salford Quays, Greater Manchester, and became lifelong president of the Lowry Centre Trust. Salford City Council invited Goodey to help set up Central Salford, the largest Urban Regeneration Company in the country, to redevelop the City of Salford. From 2006, she led the consortium that persuaded the BBC to relocate a major part of its operations from London to the North of England, establishing the MediaCityUK media hub development.
Goodey has been a non executive director of Nord Anglia, a director of Greater Manchester Chamber of Commerce and a council member of the University of Salford. She was chairman of the University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust between 2007 and 2014.
She became president of Cheshire Wildlife Trust in 2011, and is a governor of the Royal Northern College of Music.

## Recognition

Goody was appointed CBE in the 2001 Birthday Honours as chairman of the Lowry Trust, for services to the regeneration of Salford Quays.
She is a Deputy Lieutenant of Greater Manchester and an honorary fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
She has received a number of honorary degrees including from Manchester Metropolitan University in 2000, the University of Manchester in 2003, and University of Central Lancashire in 2005.
She is the chair of the Buxton International Festival.

## Personal life

Goodey is married to John Marsh, a former industrialist and headhunter. They have two adult sons.
# Wielkie Bałówki

Wielkie Bałówki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kurzętnik, within Nowe Miasto County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Nowe Miasto Lubawskie and 79 km (49 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Valley Division

The Valley Division of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway ran from San Francisco to Barstow in California. It is currently in operation as the BNSF Railway's Stockton Subdivision and Bakersfield Subdivision.
Much of the line south to Bakersfield was constructed in the 1890s as part of the San Francisco and San Joaquin Valley Railroad. Passenger service between Richmond and Oakland began in June 1904. Passenger service on that segment ended in the 1950s.
The Valley Division and Los Angeles Division were merged into the "California Division" in 1988.
However by 1996, BNSF had divided the line into four subdivisions:
* Bakersfield (Bakersfield to Calwa);
* Stockton (Calwa to Richmond);
* Riverbank (Riverbank to Oakdale);
* Sunset Railway (Gosford to Taft); and most of a fifth,
* Mojave (Hutt to Bakersfield, with trackage rights on Southern Pacific's Tahachapi line).

## Spurs

Fresno Interurban District: In the Fresno area, a spur known as the Fresno Interurban District ran from Fresno to the east. The stations on that spur were Hammond, Cincotta, Bartonette, Cameo, Burness, Fairview, Big Bunch, Zediker, Riverbend, Elk, and Belmont Ave. The Tulare Valley Railroad acquired the tracks from Hammond to Cameo around 1992.
Laton and Western Railroad: South of Frenso, a line from Laton west to Lanare was constructed from 1910 to 1912. An abandonment application for the line, approximately 17.56 miles (28.26 km), was filed in 1980. Other stations on the spur, running west from Laton, were Shirley, Gepford, and Shilling.
Arvin Subdivision: A 17-mile (27 km) spur from Magunden to Arvin, acquired by the Tulare Valley Railroad in 1992, and later the San Joaquin Valley Railroad
# Robert Fovent

Robert Fovent, alias Osegood, of Shaftesbury, Dorset, was an English Member of Parliament.

## Family

Fovent was the second son of Member of Parliament Robert Osegood alias Fovent, who died in 1377, of Fovant in Wiltshire, and of Shaftesbury, and his wife Margery, a daughter of MP, Thomas Platel, of Shaftesbury. Fovent married firstly, by 1384, Margaret Herring, daughter of Raymond Herring of Chaldon and Winterborne Herringston in Dorset. By 1405 he had married his second wife, named Edith.

## Career

In 1355, he was Mayor of Shaftesbury. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Shaftesbury in January 1390.