OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grevillea williamsonii

Grevillea williamsonii, also known as Williamson's Grevillea, is a shrub which is endemic to a restricted area in the Grampians Ranges in western Victoria. It was first described from a single plant in 1893, which was destroyed by bushfire four years later. It was then feared extinct and went unrecorded until 1992, where 12 plants were found. The taxonomic validity of this grevillea has been disputed, and many sources treat it as synonymous with G. aquifolium.

## Description

Grevillea williamsoni is a spreading shrub that grows 0.6–1 m tall. Leaves are elliptic to narrow, 1.5–4.0 cm long, 3–8 mm wide, entire or (occasionally on adults, commonly on juveniles) with 2–4 spreading triangular teeth; margins shortly and angularly refracted; lower surface subsericeous to subvillous with straight hairs. The perianth is lime-green becoming yellowish; style pale orange yellow becoming pale pink at about anthesis then darker reddish pink. Flowering occurs August-October.

## Taxonomy

Grevillea williamsonii was first described in 1893. It is named after its discoverer, H.B. Williamson.
Many sources, including the National Herbarium of Victoria and the Australian Plant Census treat G. williamsonii as synononymous with G. aquifolium, with recent studies suggesting it is a sterile variant.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is known only from a single area in the Grampians Ranges in western Victoria.
# Christian Frederik Michelet

Christian Frederik Michelet (7 December 1792 – 13 May 1874) was a Norwegian military officer.
He was born at Moland in Fyresdal as a son of vicar Johan Wilhelm Michelet (1753–1805) and Sophie Amalie Tuchsen. He was named after his paternal grandfather. He was a great-grandson of Hans Michelet and nephew of Jørgen Michelet. In December 1821, in Eidsberg he married Edle Michaeline Rasch (1804–1892). He was the father of Carl Johan Michelet and grandfather of politician Christian Fredrik Michelet and major Christian Fredrik Michelet.
He attended Cadet Academy in Copenhagen until 1810. He was stationed in Denmark with the rank of second lieutenant, but was transferred to the province Norway in 1811. He was promoted to second lieutenant in 1812. His first war was the Swedish campaign against Norway in 1814. His battalion was not particularly successful, but Michelet survived. Norway achieved independence from Denmark in the same year.
He was promoted to captain in October 1825. From April 1834, he led the Ullensaker Company of the Romerike Light Infantry Corps. He lived in Blaker and served as mayor of the municipality in 1838 and 1839. Via the position as leader of the Nes Company; in 1840 he became leader of the Frøland Company and in 1846 leader of Fredriksten Musketeer Corps. He led the 2nd Akershus Infantry Brigade from 1851 and the 1st Akershus Infantry Brigade from February 1854. From March 1854 to April 1868, he was the Commander of Fredriksten Fortress. He was successively promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1846, colonel in 1851 and major general in 1854.
Michelet nearly participated in the First Schleswig War in 1848. Norway sent a field corps of 700 men in the direction of Denmark to aid. Michelet led this corps, but it was halted after reaching Scania. The corps returned home without seeing action.
Michelet died on 13 May 1874, aged 81, at Asak near Halden.
# Wilfred James "Bill" Gray

Wilfred James "Bill" Gray AM is a former senior Australian public servant, and specialist in Aboriginal affairs.
From 1987 to 1988 he was Chairman of the Australian and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) Task Force, and was Secretary of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs between 1988 and 1990. He was the inaugural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) CEO between 1990 and 1991.
Between 1995 and 2000 he was the Commissioner of the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).
Since his retirement in 2000, he has published academic reports on Aboriginal matters, and assisted the Federal Government on investigations into Indigenous programs.
# Peter Grigg

Peter Grigg (born 20 July 1958) is an Australian former rugby union winger who played five matches at the 1987 Rugby World Cup. He was born in the Queensland town of Herberton and grew up in Ravenshoe, playing Rugby League for Millaa Millaa as a boy. He played 25 tests from 1980 to 1987 with his last test match being against Wales in the third place playoff. In his career, he scored 12 tries for the Wallabies.

## 1987 Rugby World Cup

Peter Grigg played in the pool games against England and Japan, scoring a try in the 42–23 win over Japan. He scored another try against Wales in the third place playoff in what was his last game for the Wallabies. He was aged 28 at this World Cup.
# Nicolae Bonciocat

Nicolae Bonciocat (13 April 1898 – 22 March 1967) was a Romanian footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

## Club career

Nicolae Bonciocat was born on 13 April 1898 in Kolozsvár, Austria-Hungary. He started playing football in the 1920–21 regional season at Universitatea Cluj, being the team's top goalscorer in the following two with four goals, in the second one being at equal with Aurel Guga. He won the first regional championship in the 1923–24 season which helped the team qualify for the national league where they were defeated by Clubul Atletic Oradea in the quarter-finals, Bonciocat being again the team's goalscorer with six goals. In the following season he helped "U" win another regional title, being again the team's goalscorer with five goals but they got eliminated again in the quarter-finals, this time by UCAS Petroșani. In the 1925–26 season, Bonciocat scored a personal record of 14 goals as the team finished on the second place. In his last season spent with "U" Cluj, Bonciocat scored three goals as the team won a third regional title, then passing AMEF Arad with 3–0 in the quarter-finals of the 1926–27 national league, reaching the semi-finals where they were defeated 2–1 by the eventual champions, Chinezul Timișoara.
Afterwards in 1927 he went to play for one season at România Cluj with whom he won another regional league, being eliminated in the quarter-finals of the national league with 2–0 by Jiul Lupeni. Nicolae Bonciocat died on 22 March 1967, aged 68.

## International career

Bonciocat made his debut for Romania's national team on 27 May 1924 when coach Adrian Suciu used him all the minutes in a 6–0 loss in front of Netherlands from the 1924 Summer Olympics. One year later, he played one more game, this time under coach Teofil Moraru, a friendly which ended with a 2–1 home loss in front of Turkey.
# Nilu

Nilu (Persian: نيلو) may refer to:
* Nilu, Fars
* Nilu, Gilan
* Nilu Pardeh Sar, Gilan Province
NILU or Nilu may refer to:
* Norwegian Institute for Air Research
* Nilou (Chinese:妮露, pinyin:Nīlù), a character in Genshin Impact
# Geoffrey L. Cohen

Geoffrey L. Cohen is the James G. March Professor of Organizational Studies in Education and Business, professor of psychology and, by courtesy, at the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University. He is also a faculty affiliate of the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence.
His research focuses on how brief interventions can create long-lasting psychological and behavioral change; and on the psychology of self and belonging. He and his colleagues have shown how brief values-affirmations can benefit school performance, close political divides, and open people up to threatening information.

## Education

Cohen graduated with a B.A. in psychology from Cornell University in 1992. He earned a Ph.D. in psychology from Stanford University in 1998.

## Career and research

Before joining Stanford University, Cohen held academic appointments at Yale University and the University of Colorado at Boulder.
Cohen's work is based in the belief that one way to understand psychological processes is to try to change them. At Stanford, he runs the Cohen Lab, which investigates – through laboratory and randomized experiments, longitudinal studies, and content analyses – how, when, and why people change, with a focus on racial and gender achievement gaps.
His research has examined political ideologies, adolescents’ misperceptions of their peers, how different cultures view "passion" in relation to achievement, and how to reduce school discipline rates for Black and Latino boys through interventions that reduce worries about belonging.
In a 2007 paper, Cohen and co-author Greg Walton coined the term "belonging uncertainty" to describe the experience of members of marginalized groups in academic and professional settings and showed through experimental research that Black students’ academic achievement increased with an intervention designed to dispel their doubts about social belonging.

## Awards and Professional Memberships

* Cialdini Prize, 2015, Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
* Social Psychology Network
* Society for Personality and Social Psychology
* Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues

## Works

* Belonging: The Science of Creating Connection and Bridging Divides, W. W. Norton & Company, 2022.
# 2012 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships – Men's team pursuit

The men's team pursuit race of the 2012 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships was held on March 25, 2012 in Heerenveen, Netherlands.

## Results

| Rank | Pair | Country | Athletes | Time | Deficit |
| | 3 | Netherlands | Sven Kramer Koen Verweij Jan Blokhuijsen | 3:41.43 | |
| | 4 | United States | Shani Davis Brian Hansen Jonathan Kuck | 3:43.42 | +1.99 |
| | 2 | Russia | Ivan Skobrev Denis Yuskov Yevgeny Lalenkov | 3:43.62 | +2.19 |
| 4 | 1 | Canada | Denny Morrison Mathieu Giroux Lucas Makowsky | 3:44.38 | +2.95 |
| 5 | 1 | Norway | Sverre Lunde Pedersen Håvard Bøkko Kristian Reistad Fredriksen | 3:46.33 | +4.90 |
| 6 | 3 | Germany | Patrick Beckert Marco Weber Robert Lehmann | 3:46.48 | +5.05 |
| 7 | 4 | South Korea | Lee Seung-hoon Joo Hyong-jun Ko Byung-wook | 3:47.18 | +5.75 |
| 8 | 2 | Poland | Zbigniew Bródka Konrad Niedźwiedzki Jan Szymański | 3:47.72 | +6.29 |
# Society for Popular Astronomy

The Society for Popular Astronomy (SPA) is a national astronomical society based in the United Kingdom for beginners to amateur astronomy.

## History and overview

It was founded in 1953 as the Junior Astronomical Society by experienced amateur astronomers including Patrick Moore, Ernest Noon and Eric Turner to encourage beginners to the science and to promote astronomy among the general public.
The term "Junior" was used to denote its role compared to the long-established society the British Astronomical Association. The name was changed in 1994 to make clear that the society was for beginners of all ages, and for those who wanted a less technical approach. In 2007 a new Young Stargazer category of membership was introduced to cater specifically for members aged under 16.
The society's first patron was Dr J G Porter whose BBC radio broadcasts about astronomy preceded television's long-running series The Sky At Night. Since his death, the role has been held by certain Astronomers Royal. The society's president, who serves a two-year term, is usually a senior professional astronomer.
The SPA aims to show that astronomy can be fun and to promote an interest in observing the sky among its members. The SPA has a number of observing sections whose work members can participate in. These cover observations of aurorae, comets, deep sky, the Moon, meteors, occultations, the planets, the Sun and variable stars.
The society publishes a magazine, Popular Astronomy, which from 2011 is being published every two months. Previously it was a quarterly publication, but it now includes material that was carried in now-defunct separate regular printed News Circulars. A members-only email newsletter provides immediate news of major discoveries as well as information and reminders about society meetings and events.
The SPA offers advisory services on choosing a telescope, electronic imaging, photography and the GCSE astronomy examination.

## Observing sections

| Section | Description | Director |
| Aurora | Observing the annual occurrence of the aurora and noctilucent cloud | Sandra Brantingham |
| Comet | Information and observations of cometary objects | Stuart Atkinson |
| Deep Sky | Everything beyond the Solar System including double stars, galaxies, starclusters and nebulae | David Finnigan |
| Lunar | All things related to observing the natural satellite | David Graham |
| Meteor | Meteors and how to observe them | Mark McIntyre |
| Occultation | Observing and recording occultation events | Mell Jeffery |
| Planetary | Observing the planets of the Solar System | Alan Clitherow |
| Solar | Information and advice on SAFELY viewing and learning more about the nearest star | John Chapman-Smith |
| Variable Star | The SPA Variable Star Section observes a mixture of naked eye, binocular and telescopic variables | Matthew Barrett |
# Pokot South Constituency

Pokot South Constituency is an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of the four constituencies in West Pokot County. The constituency was established under the 2013 General Elections. The Current Member of Parliament for Pokot South Constituency is Hon. David Pkosing Losiakou who was elected on a Kenya Union Party ticket. The Pokot South Constituency borders Sigor Constituency to the East, Kapenguria Constituency to the North and West, and Elgeyo-Marakwet County to the South.
The Constituency was curved out of Sigor Constituency in West Pokot County.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | MP | Party | Notes |
| 2013 - 2017 | David Pkosing Losiakou | United Republican Party (URP) | |
| 2017- Date | David Pkosing Losiakou | Jubilee Party | |

## List of Wards

| Name | Area in Sq. km (Approx) | Population (Approx) |
| Chepareria | 149.00 | 41,563 |
| Batei | 163.00 | 30,773 |
| Lelan | 130.00 | 33,527 |
| Tapach | 205.20 | 26,237 |
| TOTAL | 647.20 | 132,100 |
# Bab-e-Pakistan

The Bab-e-Pakistan (Urdu: بابِ پاكستان , lit. 'Gateway of Pakistan') is a national monument in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan which is being built on the site of one of the major Muslim refugee camps which operated in the aftermath of independence of Pakistan.
The memorial was proposed in 1985, by the late Governor Ghulam Jilani Khan, and was approved immediately by the President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. The monument is designed by a Lahore-based architect Amjad Mukhtar, who is a graduate from National College of Arts, Lahore. The monument has an area of 117 acres and will comprise a memorial block, library, park, museum, auditorium and art gallery.
The project experienced some difficulty in getting started because of the unstable political situation following the death of President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in 1988. A second attempt was made in 1991 with the support of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, but again the project was stalled. The third attempt has been during the administration of President Pervez Musharraf. Construction work started and was due to be completed by 2014, but still has not been completed as of 2024.
# Evgeny Stanev

Evgeny Stanev (born 25 September 1979) is a Russian judoka.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Place | Weight class |
| 2004 | European Judo Championships | 3rd | Extra lightweight (60 kg) |
| 2003 | European Judo Championships | 5th | Extra lightweight (60 kg) |
| 2002 | European Judo Championships | 3rd | Extra lightweight (60 kg) |
| 1999 | World Judo Championships | 7th | Extra lightweight (60 kg) |
# Nistor Şandro

Nistor Şandro (born 17 September 1974) is a Romanian gymnast. He competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Efringen-Kirchen

Efringen-Kirchen is a municipality in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## Fortifications

During World War I fortifications were built at Istein; these were destroyed at the end of the war. In 1936 plans were drawn up to turn the location into the "Gibraltar of the West" with two kilometres of underground passages linking gun emplacements and bunkers. The site was to host an underground garage for over 100 tanks, 3600 men and as part of the Siegfried Line it would dwarf similar Maginot Line fortifications. Work began in 1937 and Hermann Göring visited in the spring of 1938. By 1939 several installations were complete but as the war progressed advantageously for the Germans in 1940 the site remained unfinished.

## Communities within Efringen-Kirchen

* Blansingen
* Efringen
* Egringen [de]
* Huttingen
* Istein
* Kirchen
* Kleinkems
* Mappach
* Maugenhard
* Welmlingen
* Wintersweiler

## Religion
### Churches

* Peterskirche, Blansingen
# Ángel Rodríguez Lozano

Ángel Rodríguez Lozano is a Spanish radio journalist and popularizer of science, best known as the creator and presenter of the program Vanguardia de la Ciencia, which was broadcast without interruption every week from April 1995 until June 2007.
Before the startup of Vanguardia de la Ciencia, he participated in other programs in Radio Nacional de España. He has also contributed to other programs of popular science, El Mono Temático, En Clave de Ciencia de Radio 5, and Hora América. From August 2006 to June 2007, he also wrote and presented the program El Sueño de Arquímedes. Ángel Rodríguez Lozano was born in 1952 in the small municipality of La Garrovilla, near Mérida in Extremadura. He is a physicist by training, and has done research work in fluid dynamics, chaos theory and non-linear phenomena at the Complutense University of Madrid. Ángel Rodríguez Lozano has stated that he enjoys popularizing science, because the effort that is required to present a scientific topic helps him put the concepts straight, and gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
Ángel Rodríguez Lozano left Radio Nacional in June, 2007, because of a re-structuration of the company, which involved the early retirement of employees older than 52 years.

## cienciaes.com

In 2009, Ángel Rodríguez launched the web site "cienciaes.com" (Ciencia para escuchar - science for listening). The site contains audio files about science. It is divided into the sections "Hablando con cientificos" (interviews with scientists), "ciencia y genios" (biographies of scientists), "zoo de fosiles" (paleontology), "la ciencia nuestra de cada dia" (the science of everyday phenomena) and "Ulises y la ciencia" (reflections on scientific themes). In addition, some episodes of Vanguardia de la Ciencia and El sueno de Arquimedes, previously aired by RNE, are available for download. All the contents of Cienciaes.com are licensed under a Creative Commons license.
# Hirtenschalmei

The Hirtenschalmei (or shepherd's shawm) is a double reeded woodwind instrument, with a cylindrical bore and a flared bell, reconstructed based on iconographic sources in the late 20th century. The instrument is described as producing a "buzzy" sound. The Hirtenschalmei tends to be quieter than a shawm. The double reed in the instrument is capped. The instrument is often mentioned in medieval French literature and art, depicted as being played by rustic figures.
All instances of the instruments today are reconstructed based on an instrument found on the wreck of the Mary Rose, during salvage operations in the 1980s. However, this instrument could also have been dulzaina. Today, reconstructions are made in soprano, tenor and alto sizes.
# WFKJ

WFKJ is a Christian radio station licensed to Cashtown, Pennsylvania, broadcasting on 890 kHz AM. The station which only operates during daytime hours serves Gettysburg metropolitan area and is owned by Jesus Is Lord Ministries International. WFKJ's programming consists of Christian talk and teaching along with Christian music, with a portion of its programming from the Oasis Radio Network.
By day, WFKJ is powered at 890 watts, using a non-directional antenna. But because 890 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A WLS in Chicago, WFKJ must sign off at night to avoid interference.
# Land consumption

Land consumption as part of human resource consumption is the conversion of land with healthy soil and intact habitats into areas for industrial agriculture, traffic (road building) and especially urban human settlements. More formally, the EEA has identified three land consuming activities:
* The expansion of built-up area which can be directly measured;
* the absolute extent of land that is subject to exploitation by agriculture, forestry or other economic activities; and
* the over-intensive exploitation of land that is used for agriculture and forestry.
In all of those respects, land consumption is equivalent to typical land use in industrialized regions and civilizations.
Since often aforementioned conversion activities are virtually irreversible, the term land loss is also used. From 1990 to 2000, 1.4 million hectares (3.5×10^$^6$ acres) of open space were consumed in the U.S. In Germany, land is being consumed at a rate of more than 70 hectares (170 acres) every day (~250 thousand hectares (620,000 acres) per 10 years). In European Union, land take is estimated approximately about to 1.2 million hectares in 21 EU countries over the period 1990–2006.
   Urban growth reduces open space in and around cities, impacting biodiversity and ecosystem services
Land loss can also happen due to natural factors, like erosion or desertification - nevertheless most of those can also eventually be tracked back to human activities. Another slightly different interpretation of the term is the forced displacement or compulsory acquisition of a native people or settlers from their original land due to land grabbing, etc. Again, in most cases, this will be due to economic reasons like search for profitable investment and commodification of natural resources.
Reducing global land loss, which progresses at an alarming rate, is vital since the land footprint, the area required both domestically and abroad to produce the goods and services consumed by a country or region, can be much larger than the land actually used or even available in the country itself.
While land prices have surged in the first few years of the 21st century, land consumption economy still lacks environmental full-cost accounting to add the long-term costs of environmental degradation.

## Consequences of land consumption

The major effects of land conversion for economic growth are:
* Land degradation
* Habitat loss – built-up areas support only particularly adapted species
* Soil degradation – loss or contamination of top soil by civilization waste and general pollution
* Soil compaction – buildings, heavy machinery and vehicle traffic compact the soil to a degree that macrobiotic soil life is eradicated
* Impervious surfaces – asphalt and concrete seal off the soil from the atmosphere and disrupt natural water and biogeochemical cycles
# Vanhoutte

Vanhoutte or van Houtte is a surname of Dutch and Belgian origin.
People with the name include:

## Vanhoutte

* Alexandre Vanhoutte (born 1974), French bobsledder
* Charles Vanhoutte (born 1998), Belgian football player
* Emily Vanhoutte (born 1994), Belgian model and beauty pageant winner
* Fenna Vanhoutte (born 1997), Belgian cyclist
* Marie Léonie Vanhoutte (1888–1967), French World War I spy

## Van Houtte

* Albert-Louis Van Houtte (1877–1944), French-born Canadian businessman and coffee specialist
* Jean Van Houtte (1907–1991), Belgian politician
* Louis van Houtte (1810–1876), Belgian horticulturalist
# Keith Besomo

Keith Scott Besomo (born 8 June 1953) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.
Besomo, a lock, was born deaf in Sydney and claimed 1 international rugby cap for Australia. He later in 2010 traveled by pushbike from Perth to Sydney, Australia.