OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guillaume Pitron

Guillaume Pitron (born 1980) is a French journalist, author and documentary maker. He specializes in the geopolitics of raw materials.

## Career

Guillaume Pitron holds a post-graduate law from the University of Paris and a master's degree in international law from Georgetown University.
He was a lawyer before becoming a journalist for Le Monde diplomatique, Geo, and National Geographic.
He is the director of several documentaries related to the exploitation of raw materials, in particular, "Boomerang: The Dark Side of the Chocolate Bar", "Rare Earth: The Dirty War " and " The Dark Side of Green Energies"
After 6 years of investigation, he published in 2018 a geopolitical book: "The Rare Metals War: The Dark Side of the Energy Transition and Digitalization". His work focuses on economic, political, and environmental issues related to the use of rare metals. He promotes the reopening of mines in France to avoid the export of nuisances to neighbouring countries and continents and to retain responsibility for the consequences of the energy transition.

## Awards

* 2017 Erik Izraelewicz Economic Survey Award for its publication on the "Forest Sale" published in Le Monde diplomatique
* 2018 Robertval Media Coup de cœur Award
* 2018 Economy Book Price for "The Rare Metals War: The Dark Side Of the Energy Transition and Digitalization"
* 2019 Turgot Prize for the best financial economics book of the year 2018
# Rohan Saifoloi

Rohan Saifoloi (born 20 November 1991) is an Australian rugby union player, currently playing for the Old Glory DC of Major League Rugby (MLR). His preferred position is fly-half.

## Professional career

Saifoloi signed for Major League Rugby side Old Glory DC for the 2022 Major League Rugby season. He has also previously played for Tasman, Greater Sydney Rams, Sydney, NSW Country Eagles and most recently from Queensland Country in the 2019 National Rugby Championship.
# Musskan Sethi

Musskan Sethi is an Indian actress. She is best known for her movies like Paisa Vasool and Raagala 24 Gantallo.

## Early life and career

Sethi was born in Delhi. In 2017, She made her debut with the film Paisa Vasool. In 2019, she acted in the film Raagala 24 Gantallo and High-End Yaariyan.

## Filmography

* Paisa Vasool (2017) as Harika
* Raagala 24 Gantallo (2019) as Meghna
* High End Yaariyan as Mandy
* Sayonee (2020)
* Radha krishna
* Maro Prasthanam

### Web series

* Masaba Masaba
* Love Sleep Repeat

### As a model

* Nai Jaana by Tulsi Kumar and Sachet Tandon
* Karde Haan by Akhil
* Bewafai by Sachet Tandon
# Anthony Tonkin

Anthony Richard Tonkin (born 17 January 1980) is an English retired footballer who played as a defender.

## Career

Born in Penzance, Cornwall, Tonkin began his career at Mousehole and Falmouth Town, where he finished as runners-up to Truro City in the South Western League in the 1997–98 season. His success with Falmouth attracted Yeovil Town, who signed him up in 1998, where he made 95 appearances and scored one goal in three years at the club. In 2002, he moved to Stockport County, where he spent a year before being transferred to Crewe Alexandra in August 2003 for a reported fee of £150,000. After more than 90 appearances in under three years, he was released and subsequently returned to Yeovil.
On 2 March 2007, he joined Grays Athletic on loan for the remainder of the season. He was released by Yeovil upon his return in May 2007. Two months later, he signed for Conference National club Forest Green Rovers, reportedly turning down Football League clubs to stay in the Southwest. He made 38 league appearances as the club finished in their highest-ever league placing, but was released at the end of the season.
Tonkin joined Cambridge United on 1 July 2008. In January 2010, Tonkin joined Oxford United for an undisclosed fee. In May 2012, Tonkin was released by the club after being deemed surplus to requirements. On 25 May 2012, Tonkin joined Aldershot Town on a one-year deal which sees him join former teammate Josh Payne at the Recreation Ground. He was a first team regular at Aldershot Town proving to be a consistent performer in an underperforming side.
However, the defender was released by Aldershot in February 2015, but was soon signed by Southern League side Frome Town initially until the end of the 2014–15 season.

## Honours

Yeovil Town
* FA Trophy: 2001–02
Oxford United
* Conference National play-offs: 2009–10
# Charles Whittenberg

Charles Whittenberg (July 6, 1927 – August 22, 1984) was an American composer and holder of two Guggenheim Fellowships.
He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and graduated from the Eastman School of Music in 1948 with a Bachelor of Music in composition and percussion. A New York City resident from 1950, his music has been performed with increasing frequency in major musical centers of the US and Europe. He served as guest lecturer on electronic music and serial techniques at the University of Massachusetts, as an affiliate of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, and Instructor of instrumental techniques at the Summer Institute of Bennington College, Vermont.
In more recent years he served on the faculty of the University of Connecticut at Storrs. Among his works is an important brass quintet entitled Triptych, commissioned by the American Brass Quintet in 1960. Among his notable students was Talib Rasul Hakim.
He died, aged 57, in 1984 in Hartford, Connecticut, from heart disease.
# Lizzi Waldmüller

Lizzi Waldmüller (25 May 1904 in Knittelfeld, Styria – 8 April 1945 in Vienna) was an Austrian singer and actress whose breakthrough to stardom came through her role as Rachel in the Willi Forst movie Bel Ami in 1939.
Waldmüller had her theatre debut in Innsbruck in the 1920s, before finding success in Graz, Vienna and eventually abroad – in Germany. She became renowned through the Paul Lincke song 'Ich bin die Frau, von der man spricht' (I am the woman they're talking about). At the beginning of the 1930s, she played supporting roles next to stars such as Heinz Rühmann, Hans Albers and her husband Max Hansen, whom she divorced in 1938.
She died on 8 April 1945 in an air raid in Vienna, Austria, a month before the end of World War II. Her memorial can be found in Friedhof Hadersdorf-Weidlingau, Hadersdorf-Weidlingau, Penzing, Vienna.

## Filmography

* 1931: The Spanish Fly
* 1932: Strafsache van Geldern (Case Van Geldern)
* 1932: Love at First Sight
* 1933: Laughing Heirs – with Heinz Rühmann
* 1934: Peer Gynt – with Hans Albers
* 1936: Shipwrecked Max
* 1939: Bel Ami – with Willi Forst
* 1940: Traummusik – with Benjamino Gigli
* 1940: Casanova heiratet
* 1940: Ritorno (Musica di sogno)
* 1941: Frau Luna [de] (Mistress Moon)
* 1941: Everything for Gloria
* 1942: A Night in Venice
* 1943: Ein Walzer mit Dir
* 1943: Liebeskomödie
* 1944: Es lebe die Liebe – with Johannes Heesters
* 1945: A Man Like Maximilian
# Nephus (Scymnobius) sordidus

Nephus sordidus, known generally as the little brown mealybug destroyer or sordid ladybug, is a species of dusky lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America.
In California's San Joaquin Valley, N. sordidus is an important predator of mealybugs on grapes, pistachios, and almonds, including vine mealybug, grape mealybug, and Gill's mealybug (Ferrisia gilli).
# Zvirgzdene Parish

Zvirgzdene Parish (Latvian: Zvirgzdenes pagasts) is an administrative unit of Ludza Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia.

## Towns, villages and settlements of Zvirgzdene parish

* This Latgale location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* ↑ "Reģionu, novadu, pilsētu un pagastu kopējā un sauszemes platība gada sākumā". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
* ↑ "Iedzīvotāju skaits pēc tautības reģionos, pilsētās, novados, pagastos, apkaimēs un blīvi apdzīvotās teritorijās gada sākumā (pēc administratīvi teritoriālās reformas 2021. gadā)". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
# Ganna Gryniva

Ganna Gryniva (born 4 July 1989) is a Ukrainian jazz singer and composer working in Berlin. She was raised in Ukraine and Germany. Her songs are in English or Ukrainian.

## Life

Gryniva grew up in the village Vyshnyaky in the region of Kyiv, Ukraine. Her mother is a pianist and her father is a German philologist and painter. She was home schooled until she moved to Germany with her family as a 13-year-old. In Germany she attended high school in Bernburg. She graduated with a degree in philosophy from the University of Leipzig before studying singing at the Franz Liszt University of Music in Weimar in Weimar with the German singer Michael Schiefel, trumpeter Jeff Cascaro [de] and Frank Mobus.
She tried working as a journalist, but singing had always been an ambition of hers. In 2014 she formed the Ukrainian ethnic jazz quintet GANNA Ensemble. The group's first album has a title “Dykyi Lys” that translates from Ukrainian as "Wild Fox". She wrote and arranged all of their first nine songs for their first album. Her lyrics are in English and Ukrainian and they reference other sources including the poems of Lesya Ukrainka, Nadiia Telenchuk and her father. The band received funding to travel to Ukraine as research. They have performed in Berlin, Odesa, Kyiv and all over Europe: Poland, Sweden, Hungary, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Greece and others.
In 2017, she was invited to go to Austria to join an international ensemble led by Christopher Cech [de]. The project known as CHAUD toured that year in Austria, Switzerland and Germany.
In 2022, the short film HANDBOOK by Pavel Mozhar was featured at Short Film festival in Glasgow. The film is about the 2020 Presidential election in Belarus and its soundtrack was created by Gryniva.
Gryniva was one of the leading musicians from Ukraine in Germany when Russia invaded the country in 2022. She sang at a concert "Songs of Wounding" with Mariana Sadovska in support of Ukraine on 17 March. Gryniva was one of the entertainers at the 10th Fridays for Future event in Berlin in April 2022 singing draped in a Ukrainian flag. She was one of the Jazz performers named for a "Peace on Earth" concert in Berlin organised by Wolf Kampmann [de] to support Doctors without Borders. She was one of 70 performers who volunteered and she had her own arrangement of a folk song from Ukraine for the concert.

## Discography

* Nachtfarben: AIRA (Hey!jazz 2018, with Martin Bosch, Clemens Litschko, Markus Rom and Jonas Timm sowie Nastja Volokitina, DJ Illvibe)
* Ganna: Dyki Lys (Double Moon Records 2020, with Musina Ebobissé, Povel Widestrand, Tom Berkmann, Mathias Ruppnig)
* Ganna: Home (Berthold Records 2022, with Musina Ebobissé, Povel Widestrand, Tom Berkmann, Mathias Ruppnig)
* Ganna: Kupala (Berthold Records 2023, with Julian Sartorius)
# Mart Port

Mart Port (4 January 1922 – 3 February 2012) was an Estonian architect and pedagogue. He was the head of many statutory plans during the Soviet era, including Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu, Viljandi and Tallinn's districts Mustamäe, Väike-Õismäe and Lasnamäe.
He designed the Viru Hotel (1968–1972), the building of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia (now the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; with Raine Karp, Uno Tölpus and Olga Kontšajeva, 1966–1968), the "Planners' House" (Rävala pst 8; with Peep Jänes and Arvo Niineväli, 1965–1981) and the World War II Memorial in Maarjamäe (with Allan Murdmaa, Peep Jänes, Henno Sepmann and Rein Kersten, 1959–1960).

## Biography

Mart Port was born in Pärnu, a son of botanist Jaan Port (1891–1950) and his wife Marta. In World War II Mart was mobilized to the Red Army. In 1950 he finished his architecture studies at the Tallinn Polytechnical Institute. 1955–1979 he served as the chairman of the Union of Soviet Estonian Architects. Until 1990, Mart Port worked at the Soviet architectural bureau "Eesti Projekt", from 1961 to 1989 he served as its chief architect. He also worked as a docent at the State Art Institute of the ESSR from 1961 to 1992, and since 1977 as a professor. In 1972 he received the State Prize of the Estonian SSR, and in 1978 the title of People's Architect of the USSR.
Mart Port's son is sports biologist Kristjan Port (born 1960).
Mart Port died in Tallinn at the age of 90 on 3 February 2012 after a sudden illness.

## Gallery

* World War II momorial in Maarjamäe
# Khimsar Fort

Khimsar Fort is a fort located near Khinvsar village, in the Nagaur district of Rajasthan in India, halfway between Jodhpur and Nagaur, on the eastern edge of the Thar Desert. The fortress was built in 1523 by Rao Karamsji, the 8th son of Rao Jodha of Jodhpur. Aurangzeb used to stay there while in Nagaur.
# Alfredo Far

Alfredo Far (born 25 May 1972) is a Panamanian former wrestler who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Barbara Burns

Barbara A. Burns is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and of Pittsburgh City Council.

## Political career

Burns was first elected to the State House on March 7, 1994 to fill the vacancy left by Thomas Murphy's election as Mayor of Pittsburgh She was defeated for re-election in the primary by Don Walko. In 1999, she successfully sought a seat on the Pittsburgh City Council from the first district, which was being vacated by Democrat Dan Onorato. She was defeated for re-election by Democrat Luke Ravenstahl in 2004.
# Bobbie Comber

Edmund Comber (8 January 1886 – 1 March 1942), known professionally as Bobbie Comber, was a British comedian, singer and actor.
He was born in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk. He first appeared on stage in 1904 in Bournemouth, and worked as a civil servant in the War Office before forming his own concert party in 1912. He served in the military in the First World War, and then toured the country in musical revues and the comedy Chu Chin Chow. He first appeared on stage in London at the Adelphi Theatre in a production of The Naughty Princess in 1920.
Comber's first broadcasts were in excerpts from the show Clowns in Clover, and he made more regular appearances as a comedian on BBC radio from 1929, sometimes with Paul England, Claude Hulbert and Eddie Childs (later replaced by Arthur Clay, and subsequently by H. B. Longhurst) as "Those Four Chaps". He also performed in a double act with Hulbert, and recorded light comedy songs, such as a cleaned-up version of "Barnacle Bill". He appeared in films, including Elstree Calling (1930), Lazybones (1935), and Be Careful, Mr. Smith (1935).
The BBC's entertainment programmes were broadcast from north Wales during the Second World War, and Comber died there, in Bangor, in 1942 aged 56.

## Selected filmography

* Brother Alfred (1932)
* The Fortunate Fool (1933) as Marlowe
* There Goes Susie (1934)
* Lilies of the Field (1934)
* Be Careful, Mr. Smith (1935)
* The Ace of Spades (1935)
* Sporting Love (1936)
* Mother, Don't Rush Me (1936)
* A Romance in Flanders (1937)
* The Singing Cop (1938)
# Guatemala–Russia relations

The bilateral relationship between the Guatemala and the Russia dates back to 1945, when Russia was part of the Soviet Union. Relations with the modern Russian Federation were established in 1991.

## History

Guatemala established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union on April 19, 1945, during the Cold War era. Despite the tensions of the period, these relations were maintained until the early 1960s when they were "frozen" due to the armed conflict in Guatemala. However, the diplomatic ties were never officially severed. On January 4, 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Guatemala and the newly established Russian Federation signed a joint communiqué, agreeing to exchange diplomatic missions and thus formally renewing their relations.
In 1995, Guatemala opened its first embassy in Moscow, a significant step in solidifying the relationship between the two nations. Initially, Russia was represented in Guatemala through its embassy in Costa Rica. However, recognizing the importance of direct diplomatic presence, Russia opened its embassy in Guatemala City in 2007.
Throughout the post-Cold War era, the Russian Federation, along with other international entities, played a supportive role in the peace process in Guatemala, which culminated in the signing of the Guatemala Peace Accords in 1996. This support marked a new phase of cooperation between the two countries, focusing on peaceful development and bilateral cooperation.

## Economic relations

The economic relationship between Guatemala and Russia has been relatively modest but marked by efforts to expand trade and investment. Guatemala exports primarily agricultural products such as coffee, bananas, and sugar to Russia. In return, Russia exports machinery, chemicals, and other industrial products to Guatemala. Both countries have expressed interest in increasing trade volumes and diversifying the range of traded goods.

## Cultural relations

Cultural exchanges between Guatemala and Russia have been limited but present. The two countries have occasionally participated in cultural events promoting mutual understanding. Russia has shown interest in supporting cultural and educational programs in Guatemala, including Russian language courses and academic exchanges.

## High-level visits

Several high-level visits have occurred between the two nations, underscoring the importance of diplomatic relations. In 2007, Russian president Vladimir Putin visited Guatemala, meeting with Guatemalan president Óscar Berger in the National Palace in Guatemala City. This visit highlighted the commitment of both nations to strengthening their bilateral ties.
# Ziemaki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Ziemaki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Miłomłyn, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Miłomłyn, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Ostróda, and 42 km (26 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Ben Cottreau

Ben Cottreau (born April 4, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played college hockey at Mercyhurst University.
After ending his college career, Cottreau leaped to the professional ranks, signing a contract with the Albany River Rats of the American Hockey League on March 20, 2008.
Cottreau spent the 2008-09 season with the Landshut Cannibals of the DEL2. He later signed with the Hannover Scorpions of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) on June 8, 2009. On February 16, 2010, Cottreau signed a two-year contract extension with the Scorpions. However, he retired from professional hockey on May 12, 2011 due to various head injuries suffered during his playing career.

## Awards and honours

| Award | Year |
| All-Atlantic Hockey Rookie Team | 2004–05 |
| All-Atlantic Hockey Second Team | 2005–06 |
| All-Atlantic Hockey Second Team | 2007–08 |
# De novo mutation

A de novo mutation (DNM) is any mutation or alteration in the genome of an individual organism (human, animal, plant, microbe, etc.) that was not inherited from its parents. This type of mutation spontaneously occurs during the process of DNA replication during cell division. De novo mutations, by definition, are present in the affected individual but absent from both biological parents' genomes. These mutations can occur in any cell of the offspring, but those in the germ line (eggs or sperm) can be passed on to the next generation.
In most cases, such a mutation has little or no effect on the affected organism due to the redundancy and robustness of the genetic code. However, in rare cases, it can have notable and serious effects on overall health, physical appearance, and other traits. Disorders that most commonly involve de novo mutations include cri-du-chat syndrome, 1p36 deletion syndrome, genetic cancer syndromes, and certain forms of autism, among others.

## Rate

The rate at which de novo mutations occur is not static and can vary among different organisms and even among individuals. In humans, the average number of spontaneous mutations (not present in the parents) an infant has in its genome is approximately 43.86.
Various factors can influence this rate. For instance, a study in September 2019 by the University of Utah Health revealed that certain families have a higher spontaneous mutation rate than average. This finding indicates that the rate of de novo mutation can have a hereditary component, suggesting that it may "run in the family".
Additionally, the age of parents, particularly the paternal age, can significantly impact the rate of de novo mutations. Older parents, especially fathers, tend to have a higher risk of having children with de novo mutations due to the higher number of cell divisions in the male germ line as men age.
In genetic counselling, parents are often told that after having a first child with a condition caused by a de novo mutation the risk of a having a second child with the same mutation is 1 – 2%. However, this does not reflect the variation in risk among different families due to genetic mosaicism. A personalised risk assessment can now quantify people's risk, and found that the risk for most people is less than 1 in 1000.

## Role in evolution

De novo mutations play a crucial role in evolution by providing new genetic variation upon which natural selection can act. They serve as a primary source of genetic diversity, enabling species to adapt to changing environments over time.

## Origin of the term

This comes from two Latin words:
* de, in this case meaning "from";
* novo, in this case the neuter ablative singular of novus, "new".