# Trochilini

Trochilini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees).
The informal name "emeralds" has been proposed for this group. Several genera contain species with "emerald" in their common name including Chlorostilbon which contains ten. The tribe contains 114 species divided into 36 genera.

## Phylogeny

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the species formed nine major clades. When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they based their classification on these results and placed three of the nine clades in the subfamily Trochilinae. The clades were placed in separate tribes which they named Trochilini (emeralds), Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees). The tribe Trochilini with the current circumscription was introduced in 2009.
Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds. In the cladogram below the English names are those introduced in 1997. The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.
The 2014 study by McGuire lead to a major revision of the classification of the Trochilini. Many of the traditional genera were found to be polyphyletic and as a result the classification was substantially revised as shown below in the cladogram. Only one new genus was introduced (Elliotomyia) but eleven genera were resurrected (Phaeoptila, Riccordia, Pampa, Thaumasius, Talaphorus, Leucolia, Saucerottia, Amazilis, Uranomitra, Chionomesa and Polyerata). At the same time six of the former genera were synonymized (Aphantochroa, Cyanophaia, Elvira, Goethalsia, Juliamyia and Lepidopyga).

## Taxonomic list

The tribe contains 36 genera.
| Genus | Living species |
| Phaeoptila | Dusky hummingbird, Phaeoptila sordida |
| Riccordia | Cuban emerald, Riccordia ricordii Brace's emerald, Riccordia bracei Hispaniolan emerald, Riccordia swainsonii Puerto Rican emerald, Riccordia maugaeus Blue-headed hummingbird, Riccordia bicolor |
| Cynanthus | Broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris Turquoise-crowned hummingbird, Cynanthus doubledayi Golden-crowned emerald, Cynanthus auriceps Cozumel emerald, Cynanthus forficatus Canivet's emerald, Cynanthus canivetii |
| Chlorostilbon | Garden emerald, Chlorostilbon assimilis Western emerald, Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus Red-billed emerald, Chlorostilbon gibsoni Blue-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon mellisugus Chiribiquete emerald, Chlorostilbon olivaresi Glittering-bellied emerald, Chlorostilbon lucidus Coppery emerald, Chlorostilbon russatus Narrow-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon stenurus Green-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon alice Short-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon poortmani |
| Basilinna | White-eared hummingbird, Basilinna leucotis Xantus's hummingbird, Basilinna xantusii |
| Pampa | Curve-winged sabrewing, Pampa curvipennis Wedge-tailed sabrewing, Pampa pampa Long-tailed sabrewing, Pampa excellens Rufous sabrewing, Pampa rufa |
| Abeillia | Emerald-chinned hummingbird, Abeillia abeillei |
| Klais | Violet-headed hummingbird, Klais guimeti |
| Orthorhyncus | Antillean crested hummingbird, Orthorhyncus cristatus |
| Anthocephala | Santa Marta blossomcrown, Anthocephala floriceps Tolima blossomcrown, Anthocephala berlepschi |
| Stephanoxis | Green-crowned plovercrest, Stephanoxis lalandi Purple-crowned plovercrest, Stephanoxis loddigesii |
| Campylopterus | Grey-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus largipennis Outcrop sabrewing, Campylopterus calcirupicola Diamantina sabrewing, Campylopterus diamantinensis Rufous-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus hyperythrus White-tailed sabrewing, Campylopterus ensipennis Lazuline sabrewing, Campylopterus falcatus Santa Marta sabrewing, Campylopterus phainopeplus Violet sabrewing, Campylopterus hemileucurus Buff-breasted sabrewing, Campylopterus duidae Napo sabrewing, Campylopterus villaviscensio |
| Chalybura | Bronze-tailed plumeleteer, Chalybura urochrysia White-vented plumeleteer, Chalybura buffonii |
| Thalurania | Crowned woodnymph, Thalurania colombica Fork-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania furcata Long-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania watertonii Violet-capped woodnymph, Thalurania glaucopis |
| Microchera | Snowcap, Microchera albocoronata Coppery-headed emerald, Microchera cupreiceps White-tailed emerald, Microchera chionura |
| Goldmania | Violet-capped hummingbird, Goldmania violiceps Pirre hummingbird, Goldmania bella |
| Eupherusa | Mexican woodnymph, Eupherusa ridgwayi White-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa poliocerca Oaxaca hummingbird, Eupherusa cyanophrys Stripe-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa eximia Black-bellied hummingbird, Eupherusa nigriventris |
| Phaeochroa | Scaly-breasted hummingbird, Phaeochroa cuvierii |
| Leucippus | Buffy hummingbird, Leucippus fallax |
| Thaumasius | Tumbes hummingbird, Thaumasius baeri Spot-throated hummingbird, Thaumasius taczanowskii |
| Taphrospilus | Many-spotted hummingbird, Taphrospilus hypostictus |
| Eupetomena | Swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macrourus Sombre hummingbird, Eupetomena cirrochloris |
| Talaphorus | Olive-spotted hummingbird, Talaphorus chlorocercus |
| Trochilus | Red-billed streamertail, Trochilus polytmus Black-billed streamertail, Trochilus scitulus |
| Leucolia | Violet-crowned hummingbird, Leucolia violiceps Green-fronted hummingbird, Leucolia viridifrons Cinnamon-sided hummingbird, Leucolia wagneri |
| Saucerottia | Azure-crowned hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanocephala Blue-vented hummingbird, Saucerottia hoffmanni Berylline hummingbird, Saucerottia beryllina Blue-tailed hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanura Snowy-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia edward Steely-vented hummingbird, Saucerottia saucerrottei Indigo-capped hummingbird, Saucerottia cyanifrons Chestnut-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia castaneiventris Green-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia viridigaster Copper-rumped hummingbird, Saucerottia tobaci Copper-tailed hummingbird, Saucerottia cupreicauda |
| Amazilia | Cinnamon hummingbird, Amazilia rutila Buff-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia yucatanensis Rufous-tailed hummingbird, Amazilia tzacatl Honduran emerald, Amazilia luciae Mangrove hummingbird, Amazilia boucardi |
| Amazilis | Amazilia hummingbird, Amazilis amazilia |
| Uranomitra | Andean emerald, Uranomitra franciae |
| Chrysuronia | Shining-green hummingbird, Chrysuronia goudoti Golden-tailed sapphire, Chrysuronia oenone Versicolored emerald, Chrysuronia versicolor Sapphire-throated hummingbird, Chrysuronia coeruleogularis Sapphire-bellied hummingbird, Chrysuronia lilliae Humboldt's sapphire, Chrysuronia humboldtii Blue-headed sapphire, Chrysuronia grayi White-chested emerald, Chrysuronia brevirostris Plain-bellied emerald, Chrysuronia leucogaster |
| Leucochloris | White-throated hummingbird, Leucochloris albicollis |
| Chionomesa | Glittering-throated emerald, Chionomesa fimbriata Sapphire-spangled emerald, Chionomesa lactea |
| Hylocharis | Rufous-throated sapphire, Hylocharis sapphirina Gilded sapphire, Hylocharis chrysura |
| Elliotomyia | White-bellied hummingbird, Elliotomyia chionogaster Green-and-white hummingbird, Elliotomyia viridicauda |
| Polyerata | Blue-chested hummingbird, Polyerata amabilis Charming hummingbird, Polyerata decora Purple-chested hummingbird, Polyerata rosenbergi |
| Chlorestes | White-bellied emerald, Chlorestes candida Blue-throated sapphire, Chlorestes eliciae White-chinned sapphire, Chlorestes cyanus Violet-bellied hummingbird, Chlorestes julie Blue-chinned sapphire, Chlorestes notata |