OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# H. Allen Jerkens

Harry Allen Jerkens (April 21, 1929 – March 18, 2015) was an American thoroughbred race horse Hall of Fame trainer.
Jerkens' father owned a riding academy on Long Island that led to his interest in horse racing, and in the spring of 1950 he obtained a trainer's license. Sometimes called the "Giant Killer", he is best known for his upsets. Jerkens saddled the 1973 Whitney Handicap winner Onion (defeating Secretariat), 1973 Woodward Stakes and Jockey Club Gold Cup winner Prove Out (defeating Secretariat and Riva Ridge, respectively), and Beau Purple, who defeated Kelso in three of their four meetings. His horses defeated other greats such as Buckpasser, Cougar II, and Forego.
In 1973, Jerkens was voted the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Trainer, and in 1975 he became the youngest trainer ever inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame at the age of 45.
Another of Jerkens' top horses was the filly Sky Beauty, who in 1993 swept the American Triple Tiara by winning the Acorn Stakes, the Mother Goose Stakes and the Coaching Club American Oaks. She won four Grade I races the following year en route to an Eclipse Award as outstanding older female.
In total, Jerkens won more than 200 stakes races.
Jerkens was inducted into the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame on Long Island in the Horse Racing Category with the Class of 1992.
Jerkens was hospitalized in Florida on March 3, 2015, with an infection. He died on March 18, 2015, at the age of 85. Among his survivors are sons Jimmy and Steven, who are also thoroughbred trainers, son Allen and daughter Julie.
In 2017 the New York Racing Association renamed the King's Bishop Stakes for Jerkens, who himself trained King's Bishop to wins in the 1973 Carter Handicap and Fall Highweight Handicap for Allaire du Pont. Gulfstream Park runs another race, the H. Allen Jerkens Stakes, every December.
# Jenő Kalmár

Jenő Kalmár (21 March 1908 – 13 January 1990), also referred to as János Kalmar or Kálmár Jenő, was a former Hungarian footballer and coach. As a player, Kalmar played for both MTK Hungária FC and Hungary. During the 1928-29 season he finished as top goalscorer for MTK, scoring 20 goals.
In the early 1950s, Kálmár was manager at Honvéd and with a team that included Ferenc Puskás, Zoltán Czibor, Sándor Kocsis, József Bozsik, László Budai, Gyula Lóránt and Gyula Grosics, he guided them to four Hungarian League titles. As the Honvéd manager, he also played a prominent role in the development of the legendary Hungary team known as the Mighty Magyars and during this era he also served as an assistant coach to the national team coach, Gusztáv Sebes. At the end of Second World War he found himself in Yugoslavia and he joined third league side FK TSC Bačka Topola, known at time as Egység.
After the Hungarian Revolution, Kálmár like his former players, Puskás, Czibor and Kocsis, ended up in Spain where he managed several La Liga clubs with moderate success. He coached Wacker Wien, and after a brief spell at Sevilla CF, he guided Granada CF to the 1959 Copa del Generalísimo final. They lost 4-1 to a CF Barcelona team that included Kocsis. Kocsis scored twice for Barça while the Granada CF goal was scored by Arsenio Iglesias. In 1967, Kálmár took RCD Español to third in La Liga and during two spells with CD Málaga in the 1970s he guided them to promotion twice.

## Honours
### Manager

Honvéd
* Hungarian League: 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955
Granada
* Copa del Generalísimo: Runner-up 1959
CD Málaga
* Segunda División: Runner-up 1970, 1979

### Player

MTK Hungária
* Hungarian League: Runner-up 1928-29, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1939–40
* Hungarian Cup: 1931-32
# Llew Owens

Llewellyn James Owens (26 September 1927 – 1 January 2018) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Cecily Hennessy

Cecily Jane Hennessy, FSA is the Academic Director of Christie's Education, London. She has promoted studies on the imagery of children and is an authority on the representation of children, adolescents and the family in Byzantium.
Her book, Images of Children in Byzantium, published in 2008, has been followed by many articles and essays on children, adolescents and the family in Byzantium, on middle and late Byzantine manuscripts, and on the architecture, topography and paintings of Constantinople, Ravenna and Jerusalem.
She has also published, for a general audience, Painting in Cappadocia: A Guide to the Sites and Byzantine Church Decoration, in 2013 and Early Christian and Medieval Rome: A Guide to the Art and Architecture, in 2017.
She completed her PhD thesis at the Courtauld Institute of Art in 2001. In November 2016 she was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.

## Selected publications
### Books

* Images of Children in Byzantium, Ashgate, 2008. ISBN 978-0754656319
* Painting in Cappadocia: A Guide to the Sites and Byzantine Church Decoration, Cecily Hennessy Publications, 2013. ISBN 978-0957662803
* Early Christian and Medieval Rome: A Guide to the Art and Architecture, Cecily Hennessy Publications, 2017. ISBN 978-0957662810

### Contributions

* The Early Christian and Byzantine entries, 30,000 years of Art, Phaidon, 2007.
* The Early Christian and Byzantine entries, 10,000 years of Art, Phaidon, 2009.
* The Byzantine entries, The Art Museum, Phaidon, 2011.
# Sheldon, Vermont

Sheldon is a town in Franklin County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,136 at the 2020 census. It contains the unincorporated community of Sheldon Springs.

## Geography

Sheldon, named for Revolutionary War colonel Elisha Sheldon, was initially called Hungerford, because of the charter, Samuel Hungerford. The town is located in central Franklin County on both sides of the Missisquoi River, a west-flowing tributary of Lake Champlain. Vermont Route 105 follows the river for most of its way through the town, leading east into Enosburg Falls and southwest to St. Albans, the county seat. Vermont Route 78 leads northwest from Sheldon Junction down the Missisquoi to Highgate Center and Swanton. Vermont Route 120 leads north from North Sheldon to Franklin, and Vermont Route 236 leads north from South Franklin (in the eastern part of Sheldon) to East Franklin. Sheldon Springs is in the west part of Sheldon along Route 105 south of the Missisquoi.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 39.5 square miles (102.4 km$^2$), of which 38.8 square miles (100.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.73 square miles (1.9 km$^2$), or 1.85%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,990 people, 672 households, and 544 families residing in the town. The population density was 51.5 people per square mile (19.9/km$^2$). There were 691 housing units at an average density of 17.9 per square mile (6.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 95.38% White, 0.15% Black or African American, 2.31% Native American, 0.10% Pacific Islander, and 2.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.45% of the population. 39% were of French and French Canadian ancestry, 14% Irish, and 10% English.
There were 672 households, out of which 42.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.9% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.15.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $42,179, and the median income for a family was $45,833. Males had a median income of $30,870 versus $23,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,134. About 8.2% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Lorenzo A. Babcock, first Attorney General of Minnesota Territory
* Elihu Goodsell, Wisconsin legislator and businessman was born in Sheldon
* Heber C. Kimball, nineteenth-century Mormon apostle, born in Sheldon
* Bob Laraba, professional and collegiate football player
# Augie, Nigeria

Augie is a Local Government Area in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Augie.
The major language groups are Hausa, Fulani and Zabarma, and the population is predominantly Muslim.
It has an area of 1,185 km$^2$ and a population of 117,287 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 861.

## Geography

Augie Local Government Area encompasses a total expanse of 1,185 square kilometers and experiences two well-defined seasons: the rainy season and the dry season. The average temperature in the area hovers around 32 degrees Celsius, while the humidity level is estimated at 30 percent. Wind speed within Augie LGA typically averages around 7 kilometers per hour.

## Economy

Agriculture stands as a vital economic pillar of Augie LGA, with substantial cultivation of crops like bananas, mangoes, groundnuts, millet, and sugarcane. Additionally, hunting and cattle rearing play significant roles in the local economy, contributing to its overall economic vitality.

## Climate

In Augie, the wet season is characterized by high temperatures, muggy conditions, and predominantly cloudy skies. Conversely, the dry season is marked by scorching temperatures and partly cloudy conditions. Throughout the year, the temperature typically ranges from 64 °F to 105 °F, rarely falling below 60 °F or exceeding 108 °F.
The period of intense heat spans approximately 2.2 months, commencing from March 16 and concluding on May 22, with average daily high temperatures consistently surpassing 101 °F. April stands out as the hottest month in Augie, boasting an average high of 104 °F and a low of 81 °F.
Conversely, the cooler season persists for about 2.2 months, running from July 10 to September 17. During this period, average daily high temperatures fall below 91 °F. The chilliest month of the year in Augie is January, recording an average low of 65 °F and a high of 90 °F.

## Localities

The local government of Augie is subdivided into ten wards:
* Augie North
* Augie South
* Bayawa North
* Bayawa South
* Bagaye/Mera
* Birnin Tudu/Gudale
* Bubuce
* Dundaye/Kwaido/Zaki/Illela
* Tiggi/Awade
* Yola
# Tatiana Budtova

Tatiana Budtova (born 23 June 1963) is a chemical researcher. She works at MINES ParisTech and specialises in the chemical physics of polymers, particularly bio-based polymers and bio-based aerogels. In 2020, she was awarded the CNRS Silver Medal.

## Biography

Budtova graduated in 1987 from the Physical Faculty of Leningrad State University. In 1992, she obtained her PhD in the Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, under the supervision of S. Y. Frenkel.
Budtova began collaborating with CEMEF in 1993 and subsequently obtained her habilitation at the University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis / Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, in 1999. In 2004, she joined CEMEF on a permanent basis, subsequently becoming director of the research group for bio-based polymers and composites. Between 2016 and 2020 she was a Finland Distinguished Professor (FiDiPro) at Aalto University, Finland.
Budtova's research focuses on the development of bio-based aerogels, polymer composites reinforced with natural fibres, polysaccharide, and polymer solutions and gels. Since 2015, she has served as one of the editors of the journal Carbohydrate Polymers.

## Bio-aerogels

The first bio-aerogels were made in the early 2000s. Budtova's flagship work to date has been based around the development of aerogels which can be manufactured without chemical synthesis, based on “ready-made” polymers found in nature. This idea was born in collaboration with PERSEE/Mines ParisTech. The core idea was to create truly bio aerogels, utilising the shared expertise of the two groups.
The first research project on bio-aerogels ("AeroCell"), which launched this area of research, was funded by the European Commission and co-ordinated by Lenzing, an Austrian company with expertise in cellulose fibres. In 2004, CEMEF and PERSEE submitted a Soleau envelope. At that time, this new material was referred to as “aerocellulose”. As a result of this collaboration and the knowledge generated, all bio-based aerogels are now called “bio-aerogels”
Between 2012 and 2014, Cyrielle Rudaz, working under Budtova's supervision, discovered that pectin aerogels are thermal super-insulating materials (with thermal conductivity lower than that of air). In 2016-17 two Masters students (Lucile Druel & Richard Bardl) working under her supervision, were awarded the prix "Innovation" by Maiz'Europ for their discovery that starch aerogels are also thermal super-insulating materials.

## Awards and honours

* 2014: Prix ADEME des Techniques Innovantes pour l'Environnement (together with Dr Cyrielle Rudaz and Dr Arnaud Demilecamps)
* 2015: Chevalier des Palmes académiques
* 2020: CNRS Silver Medal
# Campaign manager

A campaign manager, campaign chairperson, or campaign director is an individual whose role is to coordinate a political campaign's spending, broad tactics, and hiring. They lead operations such as fundraising, advertising, polling, getting out the vote (with direct contact to the public), and other activities supporting the effort, directly.
Apart from the candidate, they are often a campaign's most visible leader. However, modern campaign managers, particularly at the presidential level, are mostly concerned with executing strategy, not setting it. The senior strategists are typically outside political consultants, primarily pollsters and media consultants.
Particularly for large, well-funded campaigns, campaign managers often manage a huge number of staffers and volunteers in a variety of departments; while also coordinating closely with the candidate and outside consultants.
In the United States, increasingly, campaign management has been a speciality occupation. The top-tier of managers will move throughout the country working on a different campaign each election cycle. The challenges of building a successful operation from scratch in less than 2 years makes experienced professionals increasingly valuable.
In addition to their past experience, experienced campaign managers also bring with them knowledge of campaign management tools and relationships with political consultants.
The pay ranges for a campaign manager differ depending on the scale of the political race.
# Amastra modesta

Amastra modesta is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.

## Subspecies

* Amastra modesta dimissa Hyatt & Pilsbry, 1911
* Amastra modesta modesta (C. B. Adams, 1851)

## Description

The length of the shell attains 13.5 mm, is diameter 7.5 mm.
The shell is relatively thick and short, ovate-conic in shape, with a dingy reddish or ash-brown coloration, often partially covered by a dark-brown epidermis. Its surface displays fine, irregular transverse striae, becoming coarser on the upper whorls, and lacks spiral striations.
The apex is subacute, while the spire is short with smoothly curvilinear outlines. Composed of six moderately convex whorls, the shell features a well-defined, deeply impressed suture. The body whorl is notably ventricose.
The aperture is ovate and somewhat acute at the upper end. The outer lip is sharp, unexpanded, and moderately thickened internally. The columellar fold is well developed and distinctly opaque.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Hawaii.
# Karagiye

Karagiye (Kazakh: Qaraqia; lit. "Black Jaw") is a 40 kilometres (25 mi)-long karst trench close to the Caspian Sea. At its lowest point at Vpadina Kaundy, it is approximately 134 metres (440 ft) below sea level. It is the lowest point in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, and the former Soviet Union. It is also known as the Karagiye Depression and Karagiye Mountain Trench.
The trench was formed as soluble limestone, dolomite and gypsum dissolved forming potholes, funnels and caves that eventually collapsed. Today the trench features many scarps and offsets and generates long rain clouds caused by the air rising above it. There is a vernal lake in the south-west of the trench and a stream rising from a drilled well that disappears back into the ground within the trench.
The trench is inhabited by mouflon, corsac, snakes, hares and vultures. It is the only place within the Mangyshlak Peninsula where mushrooms grow and these are collected by locals.
# Antun Škvorčević

Antun Škvorčević (born 8 May 1947) is a Croatian Roman Catholic prelate, who served as a diocesan bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Požega since 1997 until 2024.

## Early life and education

Antun Škvorčević was born in a small village of Davor on 8 May 1947 to Ivan and Ljubičica Škvorčević.
He enrolled in primary school in Davor, and Zagreb, eventually graduating in Slavonski Brod, after which he attended high school (Classical catholic gymnasium) for future priests on Šalata in Zagreb. Škvorčević graduated from Zagreb Catholic Theological Faculty, where he also gained his master's degree, after which he went to Rome for additional specialization. In 1981 he gained his doctorate in theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University. In addition, he graduated liturgy from the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Liturgy.

## Career

Antun Škvorčević was ordered for a priest of the Archdiocese of Zagreb on 25 June 1972. After ordination, he worked as a chaplain in the parish of St. Joseph in Zagreb (1972–1976), lecturer at the Zagreb Catholic Theological Faculty and its institutes (since 1982), Head of the Catechetical Institute of Catholic Theology of the University of Zagreb (1991–1999), and member of the Quorum prebendarian main church in Zagreb (appointed in 1987).
on 3 May 1992, Pope John Paul II appointed him titular bishop of Editania and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Đakovo-Srijem or Bosna. He was ordained a bishop on July 16 of the same year in the cathedral in Đakovo.
On 5 July 1997, Pope John Paul II appointed him Bishop of, at the time, newly founded Diocese of Požega. And he was enthroned on September 27, 1997.
# Vestfold Hills

The Vestfold Hills are rounded, rocky, coastal hills, 512 square kilometres (198 sq mi) in extent, on the north side of Sorsdal Glacier on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica. The hills are subdivided by three west-trending peninsulas bounded by narrow fjords. Most of the hills range between 30 and 90 metres (98 and 300 ft) in height, with the highest summit reaching nearly 160 metres (520 ft).

## Geography

The Vestfold Hills are largely snow- and ice-free and are thus classified as an Antarctic oasis. They contain a great variety of lake systems with over 300 lakes and ponds including what is possibly the largest concentration of meromictic (stratified) lakes in the world. This region contains 37 permanently stratified water bodies, including six marine basins and seven seasonally isolated marine basins (SIMBs). These stratified basins also have great variety. They range in salinity from 4 g L$^{−1}$ to 235 g L$^{−1}$, in temperature from −14 to 24 °C (6.8 to 75 °F), in depth from 5 to 110 metres (16 to 361 ft), in area from 3.6 to 146 hectares (8.9 to 360.8 acres) and surface level from 30 metres (98 ft) below to 29 metres (95 ft) above sea level. The region contains a large lake, Lake Burton, as well as the smaller Krok Lake and Camp Lake.

## History and naming

The Vestfold Hills were discovered, and a landing was made in the northern portion, on February 20, 1935, by Captain Klarius Mikkelsen together with his wife and seven crew members (including the ship's dentist, Lief Sørsdal) of the Norwegian whaling ship "Thorshavn" sent out by Lars Christensen. Caroline Mikkelsen, thereby became the first woman to set foot on the Antarctic continent.
The Vestfold Hills are named after Vestfold, a county in Norway where Sandefjord, headquarters of the whaling industry, is located. This hill area and its off-lying islands were mapped from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37). Further brief landings were made by Lincoln Ellsworth and several claims were made by Hubert Wilkins in 1939. The area was photographed from the air by USN Operation Highjump (1946–47). Landings were made and exploration carried out in 1954 and 1955 by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) led by Phillip Law. Davis Station was established by ANARE in January 1957.
# Paris College of Art

Paris College of Art, is an international college of art and design with U.S degree-granting authority and accreditation from the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD) located in Paris, France.

## History

In 1981, the school was established as a French Association (type 1901) under the name “École Parsons à Paris”. Until 2010, the school had a relationship with Parsons School of Design, and was known as "Parsons Paris". Its association with Parsons ended in 2010, and it became an independent institution and changed its name to Paris College of Art. PCA has 300 students and 100 faculty members from more than 50 different countries.

## Education

PCA has accreditation from the United States National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD) and is part of the International Association of Universities and Colleges of Art, Design and Media (CUMULUS). It is also recognized by the Rectorat de Paris as an establishment of higher education. Its partnerships include agreements and research with the Centre de Recherche du Château de Versailles, Pantheon-Sorbonne University, the Centre Georges Pompidou, Les Arts Décoratifs, and La Maison Lesage. Degree courses are taught in English.
# Train Operator of the Year

Train Operator of the Year is a rail transport industry award to recognise excellence among train operating companies of the United Kingdom. The award has been presented as part of the Rail Business Awards since 1997.
A similarly named award is also presented by the Rail Delivery Group as part of that organisation's National Cycle-Rail Awards to recognise work in encouraging the use of bicycles and trains as a commuting solution.

## Recipients

Past recipients of this award include:
* 1999 - Midland Mainline
* 2000 - Anglia Railways
* 2001 - Chiltern Railways
* 2002 - Chiltern Railways
* 2003 - Anglia Railways
* 2004 - London Underground
* 2005 - Eurostar
* 2006 - Freightliner
* 2007 - Virgin Trains West Coast
* 2008 - Northern Rail
* 2009 - First Great Western
* 2010 - Northern Rail
* 2011 - South West Trains
* 2012 - First TransPennine Express
* 2013 - Abellio Greater Anglia
* 2014 - Merseyrail
* 2015 - London Underground
* 2016 - London Overground Rail Operations
* 2017 - Chiltern Railways
* 2018 - KeolisAmey Docklands
* 2019 - Abellio Greater Anglia