OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dobreyshovo Gospels

Dobreyshovo gospel is a Bulgarian monument of the early 13th century.

## Description

The manuscript is ink and illumination on a total of 175 parchment leaves. It is located at the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library, Bulgaria.

## History

The Gospel was written, according to a much later note added to it, before 1221, according to the scholars Wolf and Stresa. It is decorated with colorful ornamentation and images of the Evangelists Luke and John. The latter appears with a small kneeling figure, accompanied by the caption "pray to St. John"; the figure is believed to represent the priest Dobreysho (or Dobreisho), who probably paid for the parchment and either commissioned or made a copy of the book.
The manuscript was found in Tulcea, Romania. Records indicate that it earlier was in Edirne. The majority of it (127 sheets) is now in the National Library "St.. St. Cyril and Methodius" (№ 17). The remaining 48 leaves were kept in Belgrade during the Second World War and did not survive the fire after the museum was hit by a bomb in 1941.

## Language

The language of the monument is close to Old Church Slavonic but shows some important new features.
# Harshana Godamanna

Harshana Godamanna (born 31 October 1985) is a Sri Lankan tennis player. Godamanna has regularly represented Sri Lanka in the Davis Cup since making his debut in 2002 against Jordan.
With a world ranking of #811 in 2008, Godamnana became and still remains the highest ranked tennis player in Sri Lankan history.
As of 2016, he currently holds the record for the most singles victories by any Sri Lankan player in Davis Cup history, twice leading the team to the Asia/Oceania Group II during his career.
Outside of the Davis Cup, Godamanna has also won an ITF doubles title, partnering with Bart Govaerts to win a 2007 Futures event in Pakistan.
# Panama Canal Authority

The Panama Canal Authority (Spanish: Autoridad del Canal de Panamá; ACP) is the agency of the government of Panama responsible for the operation and management of the Panama Canal. The ACP took over the administration of the canal from the Panama Canal Commission, the joint US–Panama agency that managed the canal, on December 31, 1999, when the canal was handed over from the United States to Panama as per the Torrijos–Carter Treaties. It is headquartered in Balboa, a district of Panama City.

## Establishment

The Panama Canal Authority is established under Title XIV of the National Constitution, and has exclusive responsibility for the operation, administration, management, preservation, maintenance, and modernization of the canal. It is responsible for the operation of the canal in a safe, continuous, efficient, and profitable manner.
The Organic Law of the Panama Canal Authority, passed on June 11, 1997, provides the legal framework for the canal's organization and operation.

## Organization

Because of its unique nature, the ACP has financial autonomy, as well as ownership of the canal's assets.
The Board of Directors is responsible for establishing policies for the operation, improvement, and modernization of the canal, as well as supervising its management pursuant to the National Constitution, the Panama Canal Authority Organic Law, and the regulations thereto appertaining.
The board of directors is made up as follows:
* One director designated by the president of the republic, who shall chair the Board of Directors and shall have the rank of Minister of State for Canal Affairs.
* One director designated by the legislative branch, who may be freely appointed or removed thereby.
* Nine directors appointed by the president of the republic with the consent of the Cabinet Council and ratification by an absolute majority of the members of the Legislative Assembly.
The directors shall serve in their posts for a term of nine years, and may only be removed for the reasons set forth in Article 20 of the Panama Canal Authority Organic Law.
The Panama Canal is defined by law to be an inalienable patrimony of the Republic of Panama. Therefore, it may not be sold, assigned, mortgaged, or otherwise encumbered or transferred.

## Board of directors

The Panama Canal Authority Board of Directors is responsible for establishing policies for the operation, improvement, and modernization of the canal, as well as supervising its management.
At present, the Panama Canal Authority Board of Directors is made up of the following members:
* Jose Ramón Icaza Clément, Chairman of the Board
* Laury Anne Melo de Alfaro
* Ricardo Manuel Arango
* Dora María Perez Balladares Boyd
* Francisco Ernesto Sierra Fábrega
* Jorge L. González
* Luis Navas Pájaro
* Nelson Jackson Palma
* Óscar M. Ramírez
* Nicolás González Revilla
* Enrique Sánchez Salmon
# Ottmarsfelder Graben

Ottmarsfelder Graben is a river of Bavaria, Germany. The river is a three kilometer long brook in the Middle Franconian district of Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen. It flows to the west, and joins the Swabian Rezat at Zollmühle, north of Ellingen. Its upper section, upstream from Ottmarsfeld, is also referred to as the Seiserbach.
# John W. Hazelton

John Wright Hazelton (December 10, 1814 – December 20, 1878), was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the United States House of Representatives for four years. He represented New Jersey's 1st congressional district for two terms from 1871 to 1875.

## Early life and education

Hazelton was born in Mullica Hill, Gloucester County, New Jersey, on December 10, 1814. He attended the common schools and was a farmer.

## Political career

He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1856 and 1868.

### Congress

Hazelton was elected as a Republican to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses, serving in office from March 4, 1871 to March 3, 1875. During his second term, he was elected by a majority of over six thousand; at the time, it was the largest majority ever achieved in the district.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress.

## Later career and death

After leaving Congress, he returned to agriculture.
He died near Mullica Hill on December 20, 1878, and was interred in Friends Cemetery in Mullica Hill.
# Daniel Ivanov (long jumper)

Daniel Ivanov (Bulgarian: Даниел Иванов, born 4 November 1965) is a retired Bulgarian long jumper.
He became Bulgarian champion in 1989, and Bulgarian indoor champion in 1989, 1990 and 1993. He competed at the 1990 European Championships without reaching the final.
# Dimitar Mladenov

Dimitar Mladenov (Bulgarian: Димитър Младенов; born 12 March 1962) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a defender.
# Drama 61-67

Drama 61-67 is a British anthology drama series which took a different title, based on year of transmission, each year. It alternated with Armchair Theatre from ABC in the Sunday evening slot.
The series was described at the time as epitomising ATV drama.
It is unknown how many episodes exist or are missing, although Nigel Kneale's Drama 64 episode The Crunch is known to exist and is available on DVD. This episode marked the screen debut of a then twelve-year-old Olivia Hussey.
# Belly-Cresus Ganira

Belly-Cresus Ganira (born 25 March 2000) is a Burundian swimmer. He competed in the men's 100m freestyle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. His time of 54.33 seconds did not qualify for the semifinals.

## Early years

Ganira grew up in the Kinanira II neighborhood of Bujumbura. He began swimming at the age of four and joined a competitive club at age 10.

## Career

In 2019, Ganira was awarded a grant to train at the FINA Development Centre in Dakar, Senegal for one year.
Ganira broke six national records at the 2020 African Zone 2 Championships in Ghana, improving on five of his own records and breaking Billy-Scott Irakose's mark in the 50 metre freestyle event.
# Olivier Irabaruta

Olivier Irabaruta (born 25 August 1990) is a Burundian long-distance runner. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's 5000 metres, finishing 29th overall in Round 1, failing to qualify for the final.
At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he competed in the 5000 metres and the 10,000 metres. He finished 27th overall in round 1 of the 5000 m competition and did not qualify for the finals. He finished 27th in the 10,000m competition. Irabaruta was the flag bearer for Burundi during the Parade of Nations.
He represented his country at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 2009 as a junior runner and in 2015, 2017, and 2019 as a senior athlete.
In 2019, he competed in the men's marathon at the 2019 World Athletics Championships held in Doha, Qatar. He did not finish his race.
He represented Burundi at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's marathon.
# Oliguria

Oliguria or hypouresis is the low output of urine specifically more than 80 ml/day but less than 400ml/day. The decreased output of urine may be a sign of dehydration, kidney failure, hypovolemic shock, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, urinary obstruction/urinary retention, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), pre-eclampsia, and urinary tract infections, among other conditions.
Beyond oliguria is anuria, which represents an absence of urine, clinically classified as below 80 or 100 ml/day.
The term oliguria is derived from oligo-meaning "small, little," + -uria, from the Greek word ouron, meaning "urine".

## Definition

Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL or 500 mL per 24h in adults - this equals 17 or 21 mL/hour. For example, in an adult weighing 70 kg it equals 0.24 or 0.3 mL/kg/h. Alternatively, however, the value of 0.5 mL/kg/h is commonly used to define oliguria in adults as well.

## Diagnostic approach

Perform ultrasound examination of the kidney to rule out obstructive processes.
The mechanisms causing oliguria can be categorized globally in three different categories:
* Prerenal: in response to hypoperfusion of the kidney (e.g. as a result of dehydration by poor oral intake, cardiogenic shock, diarrhea, G6PD deficiency, massive bleeding or sepsis)
* Renal: due to kidney damage (severe hypoperfusion, rhabdomyolysis, medication)
* Postrenal: as a consequence of obstruction of the urine flow (e.g. enlarged prostate, tumour compression urinary outflow, expanding hematoma or fluid collection)

### Postoperative oliguria

Patients usually have a decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:
* fluid/ blood loss – decreased glomerular filtration rate secondary to hypovolemia and/or hypotension
* response of adrenal cortex to stress-increase in aldosterone (Na and water retention) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release

## Babies

Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not attributed to kidney failure.
# Richard Tomberg

Richard Tomberg (6 September 1897 Mõisamaa, Salla Parish – 25 May 1982 Tallinn) was an Estonian military Major General. He was the only Estonian higher military personnel, who survived Soviet times in 1940s.
In 1915 he entered voluntarily into Tsarist Army. In 1916 he graduated from Vilnius Military School. He participated on World War I in the Imperial Russian Army. In 1917 he joined with Estonian national regiments. He participated in the Estonian War of Independence. 1928-1930 he was the chief of staff of Estonian Air Force. 1930-1940 he was the chief of Estonian Air Force.
In 1940 he transferred to Soviet Army. In 1944, he was arrested by the NKVD, but in 1956 he was released and rehabilitated and retired.

## Awards

* 1938: Order of the Cross of the Eagle, II Class.
# Chang Hui-chien

Chang Hui-chien (born 18 September 1969) is a Taiwanese butterfly, freestyle and medley swimmer. She competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Chin Yu-fang

Chin Yu-fang (Chinese: 陳玉鳳; pinyin: Chén Yùfèng; born 19 August 1968) is a Taiwanese taekwondo practitioner.
She won a bronze medal at the 1987 World Taekwondo Championships. She won a gold medal in finweight at the 1989 World Taekwondo Championships in Seoul, after defeating Mónica Torres in the final. She competed at the Asian Taekwondo Championships, winning a gold medal in 1986, and a silver medal in 1988.
# Chiu Meng-jen

Chiu Meng-jen (born 26 July 1978) is a Taiwanese taekwondo practitioner. She won a bronze medal in heavyweight at the 1997 World Taekwondo Championships in Hong Kong, after being defeated by Natalia Ivanova in the semifinal.
# Chung Chiung-yao

Chung Chiung-yao (born 23 January 1973) is a Taiwanese softball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Hong Tai-kwai

Hong Tai-kwai (born 8 December 1946) is a Taiwanese gymnast. She competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Lee Ming-chieh

Lee Ming-chieh (born 4 February 1973) is a Taiwanese softball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Shen Bao-ni

Shen Bao-ni (born 13 July 1954) is a Taiwanese former swimmer. She competed in six events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# Yu Shu-chen

Yu Shu-chen (born 25 January 1980) is a Taiwanese judoka. She competed in the women's extra-lightweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Daniil Kuznetsov

Daniil Andreyevich Kuznetsov (Russian: Дании́л Андре́евич Кузнецо́в; born 23 April 2003) is a Russian football player who plays as a winger (on left or right side) for Ural Yekaterinburg on loan from Rubin Kazan.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Premier League for Zenit St. Petersburg on 11 September 2021 in a game against Akhmat Grozny. He made his European debut on 2 November 2021 in a Champions League game against Juventus.
On 20 February 2022, Kuznetsov signed a five-year contract with Rubin Kazan.
On 7 January 2024, Kuznetsov moved to Rodina Moscow on loan. On 27 December 2024, Kuznetsov was loaned to Ural Yekaterinburg.

## International career

Kuznetsov was first called up to the Russia national football team for September 2023 camp.

## Honours
### Club
#### Zenit Saint Petersburg

* Russian Premier League: 2021–22

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 1 October 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Zenit-2 St. Petersburg | 2020–21 | Russian Second League | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Zenit-2 St. Petersburg | 2021–22 | Russian Second League | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 8 | 3 |
| Zenit-2 St. Petersburg | Total | Total | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 |
| Zenit St. Petersburg | 2021–22 | Russian Premier League | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Rubin Kazan | 2021–22 | Russian Premier League | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Rubin Kazan | 2022–23 | Russian First League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Rubin Kazan | 2023–24 | Russian Premier League | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Rubin Kazan | 2024–25 | Russian Premier League | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | — | — | 6 | 2 |
| Rubin Kazan | Total | Total | 13 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
| Rodina Moscow (loan) | 2023–24 | Russian First League | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 12 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 38 | 5 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 50 | 7 |
* ↑ Appearance in the UEFA Champions League
# Musgrave Group

Musgrave Group Ltd. is an Irish food wholesaler, founded in Cork by the Musgrave brothers, Thomas and Stuart in 1876. It is currently Ireland's largest grocery distributor, with operations in Ireland and Spain with estimated annual sales of over €4 billion. The current CEO (as of 2019) is Noel Keeley. Today, the company is still largely-owned by the Musgrave family.

## Divisions

The overall business is currently made up of four divisions:
* Musgrave Group is the controlling company of Musgrave, headquartered at Ballycurreen, County Cork, Ireland.
* Musgrave Retail Partners Ireland operates, mostly on a symbol group model, the Centra and SuperValu supermarkets in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, and the Mace brand in Northern Ireland. This division is headquartered at the Tramore Road in Cork. This is also the site of one of three distribution centres, the others being in Kilcock, County Kildare and one in Belfast to service Northern Ireland. They closed a centre in Galway in 2010.
* Musgrave Wholesale Partners operates the Musgrave MarketPlace cash and carries, Daybreak convenience shops, Day-Today & XL Stop and Shop (Northern Ireland only) convenience shops and Musgrave Foodservices. This division is headquartered at Ballymun, Dublin. There are Marketplace sites in Cork, Waterford, Limerick, Galway, Ballymun, Dun Laoighaire and Clondalkin in the Republic of Ireland. There are also three Marketplace branches in Northern Ireland in Belfast, Derry and Lurgan.
* Musgrave Retail Partners España operates from a base in Elche in south-east of Spain, and operates Dialsur, and a Cash & Carry chain.
The small Donnybrook Fair chain of premium supermarkets was bought in 2018 but is not expected to be integrated with the existing brands.

## Former divisions

* Musgrave Operating Partners Ireland operated the Superquinn chain from July 2011 until 13 February 2014, when all stores became SuperValu.
* Musgrave Retail Partners GB operated the Londis stores and Budgens supermarkets in the United Kingdom until it was sold to Booker Group in 2015.
# Michael Hinz

Michael Hinz (28 December 1939 – 6 November 2008) was a German actor.

## Life and career

Hinz came from an acting family, his parents were Werner Hinz and Ehmi Bessel, both actors, as well as his brother Knut and half-sister Dinah.
After growing up in Berlin and Hamburg, Hinz had his first theatrical role in 1958 in Terence Rattigan's The Sleeping Prince at the Thalia Theater in Hamburg. A year later, he starred in his first film, Die Brücke, which won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar at the 32nd Academy Awards.
Hinz also starred in numerous films, such as The Longest Day (in which he played Manfred Rommel, the son of his father's character Erwin Rommel), television series, and was the voice actor for Jeff Goldblum in The Ray Bradbury Theater and Scott Wilson in the 1967 film In Cold Blood. He is best remembered for playing Uncle Quentin in the British television series adaptation of Enid Blyton's The Famous Five in the late 1970s.
Hinz's first wife was the actress Ingrid van Bergen, with whom he had his first daughter Carolin van Bergen, who later also became an actress. In 1967, he met the actress Viktoria Brams. They were married from 1968 until Hinz's death in 2008.
In October 2008, Hinz was found unconscious by his wife at home in Munich as the result of a stroke, spending three weeks in a coma until his death on 6 November. His ashes were interred at the Westfriedhof in Munich.

## Awards

* 1963 Deutscher Filmpreis: Bester Nachwuchsdarsteller (best young actor)

## Selected filmography

* Die Brücke (1959), as Walter Forst
* Stage Fright (1960), as Peter
* The Inheritance of Bjorndal (1960), as Adelheid's Son
* Gustav Adolf's Page (1961), as Schwedischer Kadett
* Und sowas nennt sich Leben [de] (1961), as Martin Berger
* Geständnis einer Sechzehnjährigen [de] (1961), as Hans
* Legge di guerra [it] (1961), as Jossip
* The Phony American (1961), as Helmut Krauss
* The Longest Day (1962), as Manfred Rommel (uncredited)
* Only a Woman (1962)
* The Lightship (1963), as Fred Freytag
* Es war mir ein Vergnügen [de] (1963), as George Kerr
* Jack and Jenny (1963), as Josef Lancelot
* Lana, Queen of the Amazons (1964), as Matteo
* Aunt Frieda (1965), as Karl Schultheiss
* Onkel Filser – Allerneueste Lausbubengeschichten (1966), as Max von Rupp
* Cat and Mouse (1967), as Jagdflieger
* Der verlogene Akt [de] (1969)
* The Last Escape (1970), as Junior SS Officer
* Four Times That Night (1971), as Rudy
* Return of Halleluja (1972), as Lt. Von Steffen
* Love Bavarian Style (1973), as Heino (uncredited)
* Magdalena – vom Teufel besessen (1974), as Dr. Stone
* Touch Me Not (1974), as Cory
* Champagner aus dem Knobelbecher (1975), as Unteroffizier
* The Spy Who Never Was (1976), as Martin
* Die Kette [de] (1977, TV film), as Hubert Rogers
* The Famous Five (1978–79, TV series), as Quentin Kirrin
* The Death of Mario Ricci (1983), as Otto Schmidhauser
# Xiangtan University

Xiangtan University (XTU; 湘潭大学) is a provincial public university in Xiangtan, Hunan, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Hunan, and co-funded by the Hunan Provincial People's Government, the Ministry of Education of China, and SASTIND. The university is part of the Double First-Class Construction.

## History

In 1958, under the proposal of Mao Zedong, Xiangtan University was founded in Xiangtan County of Hunan Province, where Mao Zedong was born and grew up. The university ceased to run by the order of the provincial government in 1959 and ultimately recovered the university operation in 1974.

## Rankings
### General Rankings

As of 2022, the Best Chinese Universities Ranking, also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed the university the best in Xiangtan and 4th in Hunan (the only university outside Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province).
As of 2023, the Academic Ranking of World Universities, also known as ShanghaiRanking, placed Xiangtan University # 801-900th globally.
In 2017, Times Higher Education ranked the university top 800-1000 in the world. In 2021, Xiangtan University was ranked in the top 1000 universities in the world by a number of international rankings including the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the U.S. News & World Report and the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR).

### Research and Subject Rankings

The 2024 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Xiangtan University at 575th in the world based on their publications for the period 2019–2022. The Nature Index Annual Tables 2023 by Nature Research ranked Xiangtan University among the top 500 leading universities globally for the high quality of research publications in natural science.
| Subjects ranking by | 2022 Global Ranking |
| U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking ||
| Mathematics | # 76 |
| Nanoscience and Nanotechnology | # 223 |
| Condensed Matter Physics | # 231 |
| Physical Chemistry | # 271 |
| Material Science | # 355 |
| Chemistry | # 515 |
| Engineering | # 690 |
| Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ||
| Chemical Engineering | 201-300 |
| Energy Science & Engineering | 201-300 |
| Mathematics | 201-300 |
| Nanoscience & Nanotechnology | 201-300 |
| Chemistry | 301-400 |
| Materials Science & Engineering | 301-400 |
# Parnaby

Parnaby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Parnaby (cricketer) (1916–1974), English cricketer and British Army officer
* Alan Parnaby (actor), British television and film actor
* Bert Parnaby (1924–1992), British actor
* Kaia Parnaby, Australian softball player
* Stuart Parnaby (born 1982), English footballer
# Pong Cheng-sheng

Pong Cheng-sheng (Chinese: 彭振聲; pinyin: Péng Zhènshēng; born 25 October 1951) is a Taiwanese politician.

## Education

Pong obtained his master's degree in construction engineering and doctoral degree in engineering science and technology, both from National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology.

## Political career

Pong served as deputy mayor of Taipei from 25 December 2018 to 25 December 2022. In December 2024, Pong was indicted as part of an investigation into corruption charges against Ko Wen-je. Pong pled guilty and was subsequently released on bail.