# List of objects at Lagrange points

This is a list of known objects which occupy, have occupied, or are planned to occupy any of the five Lagrange points of two-body systems in space.

## Sun–Earth Lagrange points
### Sun–Earth L$_1$

L$_1$ is the Lagrange point located approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth towards the Sun.

#### Past probes

* International Cometary Explorer, formerly the International Sun–Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3), diverted out of L$_1$ in 1983 for a comet rendezvous mission. Currently in heliocentric orbit. The Sun–Earth L$_1$ is also the point to which the Reboot ISEE-3 mission was attempting to return the craft as the first phase of a recovery mission (as of September 25, 2014 all efforts have failed and contact was lost).
* NASA's Genesis probe collected solar wind samples at L$_1$ from December 3, 2001, to April 1, 2004, when it returned the sample capsule to Earth. It returned briefly in late 2004 before being pushed into heliocentric orbit in early 2005.
* LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was launched on 3 December 2015, and arrived at L$_1$ on 22 January 2016, where, among other experiments, it tested the technology needed by (e)LISA to detect gravitational waves. LISA Pathfinder used an instrument consisting of two small gold alloy cubes.
* The Chang'e 5 orbiter (during extended mission. After ferrying lunar samples back to Earth in 2020, the transport module was sent to L$_1$ where it is permanently stationed to conduct limited Earth-Sun observations.)

#### Present probes

* The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) in a halo orbit around L1
** Mission: Investigation of the outer layer of the Sun, making observations of solar wind and associated phenomena in the vicinity of L1, probing the interior structure of the Sun.
** Launched: 2 December 1995
** Arrival: Operational orbit in May 1996
** Institution: ESA
* The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) in a Lissajous orbit
* WIND (At L$_1$ since 2004)
* The Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR), designed to image the sunlit Earth in 10 wavelengths (EPIC) and monitor total reflected radiation (NISTAR). Launched on 11 February 2015, began orbiting L$_1$ on 8 June 2015 to study the solar wind and its effects on Earth. DSCOVR is unofficially known as GORESAT, because it carries a camera always oriented to Earth and capturing full-frame photos of the planet similar to the Blue Marble. This concept was proposed by then-Vice President of the United States Al Gore in 1998 and was a centerpiece in his 2006 film An Inconvenient Truth.
* Aditya-L1 was successfully launched on 2 September 2023 and entered the halo orbit around the lagrange point on 6 January 2024. It's a Solar observation mission by ISRO. It will study solar atmosphere, solar magnetic storms, and their impact on the environment around the Earth.

#### Planned probes

* Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe slated for launch in late 2025
* NEO Surveyor
* SWFO-L1
* Vigil (ESA). One spacecraft in L1 and one in L5.

### Sun–Earth L$_2$

L$_2$ is the Lagrange point located approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth in the direction opposite the Sun. Spacecraft at the Sun–Earth L$_2$ point are in a Lissajous orbit until decommissioned, when they are sent into a heliocentric graveyard orbit.

#### Past probes

* 2001 – 2010: NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observed the cosmic microwave background. It was moved to a heliocentric orbit to avoid posing a hazard to future missions.
* 2003 – 2004: NASA's WIND. The spacecraft then went to Earth orbit, before heading to L$_1$.
* 2009 – 2013: The ESA Herschel Space Observatory exhausted its supply of liquid helium and was moved from the Lagrangian point in June 2013.
* 2009 – 2013: At the end of its mission ESA's Planck spacecraft was put into a heliocentric orbit and passivated to prevent it from endangering any future missions.
* 2011 – 2012: CNSA's Chang'e 2. Chang'e 2 was then placed onto a heliocentric orbit that took it past the near-Earth asteroid 4179 Toutatis.

#### Present probes

* The ESA Gaia probe
* The joint Russian-German high-energy astrophysics observatory Spektr-RG
* The joint NASA, ESA and CSA James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
* The ESA Euclid mission
* The CNSA Chang'e 6 orbiter

#### Planned probes

* The NASA Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (WFIRST)
* The ESA PLATO mission, which will find and characterize rocky exoplanets.
* The JAXA LiteBIRD mission.
* The ESA Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics (ATHENA)
* The ESA ARIEL mission, which will observe the atmospheres of exoplanets.
* The joint ESA-JAXA Comet Interceptor
* The NASA Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor (LUVOIR) which would replace the Hubble Space Telescope.

#### Cancelled probes

* The ESA Eddington mission
* The NASA Terrestrial Planet Finder mission (may be placed in an Earth-trailing orbit instead)

### Sun–Earth L$_3$

L$_3$ is the Sun–Earth Lagrange point located on the side of the Sun opposite Earth, slightly outside the Earth's orbit. Direct communication with spacecraft in this position is blocked by the Sun.
* There are no known objects in this orbital location.

### Sun–Earth L$_4$

L$_4$ is the Sun–Earth Lagrange point located close to the Earth's orbit 60° ahead of Earth.
* Asteroid (706765) 2010 TK7 is the first discovered tadpole orbit companion to Earth, orbiting L$_4$; like Earth, its mean distance to the Sun is about one astronomical unit.
* Asteroid (614689) 2020 XL5 is the second Earth trojan, confirmed in November 2021, oscillating around L$_4$ in a tadpole orbit and expected to remain there for at least 4000 years, until destabilized by Venus.
* STEREO A (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory – Ahead) made its closest pass to L$_4$ in September 2009, on its orbit around the Sun, slightly faster than Earth.
* OSIRIS-REx passed near the L4 point and performed a survey for asteroids between 9 and 20 February 2017.

### Sun–Earth L$_5$

L$_5$, or Earth-trailing orbit, is the Sun–Earth Lagrange point located close to the Earth's orbit 60° behind Earth.
* Asteroid (419624) 2010 SO16, in a horseshoe companion orbit with Earth, is currently proximal to L$_5$ but at a high inclination.
* STEREO B (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory – Behind) made its closest pass to L$_5$ in October 2009, on its orbit around the Sun, slightly slower than Earth.
* The Spitzer Space Telescope is in an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit drifting away c. 0.1 AU per year. In c. 2013–15 it has passed L$_5$ in its orbit.
* Hayabusa2 passed near L$_5$ during the spring of 2017, and imaged the surrounding area to search for Earth trojans on 18 April 2018.

#### Proposed

* Vigil (ESA). One spacecraft in L5.

## Earth–Moon Lagrange points
### Earth–Moon L2

* THEMIS
* Chang'e 5-T1
* Queqiao relay satellite
* EQUULEUS nanosat.

### Earth–Moon L4 and L5

* Kordylewski clouds
* Future location of TDRS-style communication satellites to support L$_2$ satellite and further regions on the Moon.

#### Past probes

* Hiten was the first spacecraft to demonstrate a low energy trajectory, passing by L$_4$ and L$_5$ to achieve lunar orbit at a very low fuel expense, compared to usual orbital techniques. Hiten did not find any conclusive increase in dust density at Lagrange points.

#### Proposed objects

* Exploration Gateway Platform
* In his 1976 book The High Frontier: Human Colonies in Space Dr. Gerard O'Neill proposed the establishment of gigantic Space Islands in L$_5$. The inhabitants of the L5 Society should convert lunar material to huge solar power satellites. Many works of fiction, most notably the Gundam series, involve colonies at these locations.

## Sun–Venus Lagrange points
### L4

* 2013 ND15

## Sun–Mars Lagrange points

Asteroids in the L$_4$ and L$_5$ Sun–Mars Lagrangian points are sometimes called Mars trojans, with a lower-case t, as "Trojan asteroid" was originally defined as a term for Lagrangian asteroids of Jupiter. They may also be called Mars Lagrangian asteroids.

### L4

* (121514) 1999 UJ7

### L5

* 5261 Eureka
* (101429) 1998 VF31
* (311999) 2007 NS2
* (385250) 2001 DH47, 2001 FG24, (461377) 2001 FR127 (not confirmed as true Lagrangian asteroids)
Source: Minor Planet Center

## Sun–Ceres Lagrange points

* 1372 Haremari
* (76146) 2000 EU16
* (185105) 2006 SV23

## Sun–Jupiter Lagrange points

Asteroids in the L$_4$ and L$_5$ Sun–Jupiter Lagrangian points are known as Jupiter Trojan asteroids or simply Trojan asteroids.

### L4

* Trojan asteroids, Greek camp

### L5

* Trojan asteroids, Trojan camp

### L4 and L5

* Lucy (spacecraft), L4 in 2027, L5 in 2033

## Saturn–Tethys Lagrange points
### L4

* Telesto

### L5

* Calypso

## Saturn–Dione Lagrange points
### L4

* Helene

### L5

* Polydeuces, follows a "tadpole" orbit around L$_5$

## Sun–Uranus Lagrange points
### L3

* 83982 Crantor, follows a horseshoe orbit around L$_3$

### L4

* (687170) 2011 QF99
* (636872) 2014 YX49

## Sun–Neptune Lagrange points

Minor planets in the L$_4$ and L$_5$ Sun–Neptune Lagrangian points are called Neptune trojans, with a lower-case t, as "Trojan asteroid" was originally defined as a term for Lagrangian asteroids of Jupiter.
Data from: Minor Planet Center

### L4

* 385571 Otrera
* 385695 Clete
* (612243) 2001 QR322
* 2005 TN53
* (613490) 2006 RJ103
* (527604) 2007 VL305

### L5

* 2008 LC18
* 2004 KV18
* 2011 HM102

## Tables of missions

Color key:  Unflown or planned mission  Mission en route or in progress (including mission extensions)  Mission at Lagrangian point completed successfully (or partially successfully)
Lagrangian point missions :
| Mission | Lagrangian point | Agency | Description |
| International Sun–Earth Explorer 3 (ISEE-3) | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | NASA | Launched in 1978, it was the first spacecraft to be put into orbit around a libration point, where it operated for four years in a halo orbit about the L$_1$ Sun–Earth point. After the original mission ended, it was commanded to leave L$_1$ in September 1982 in order to investigate comets and the Sun. Now in a heliocentric orbit, an unsuccessful attempt to return to halo orbit was made in 2014 when it made a flyby of the Earth–Moon system. |
| Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | NASA | Launched 1997. Has fuel to orbit near L$_1$ until 2024. Operational as of 2019. |
| Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | NASA | Launched on 11 February 2015. Planned successor of the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) satellite. |
| LISA Pathfinder (LPF) | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | ESA, NASA | Launched one day behind revised schedule (planned for the 100th anniversary of the publication of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity), on 3 December 2015. Arrived at L$_1$ on 22 January 2016. LISA Pathfinder was deactivated on 30 June 2017. |
| Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | ESA, NASA | Orbiting near L$_1$ since 1996. Operational as of 2020. |
| WIND | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | NASA | Arrived at L$_1$ in 2004 with fuel for 60 years. Operational as of 2019. |
| Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | NASA | Arrived at L$_2$ in 2001. Mission ended 2010, then sent to solar orbit outside L$_2$. |
| Herschel Space Telescope | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | ESA | Arrived at L$_2$ July 2009. Ceased operation on 29 April 2013; will be moved to a heliocentric orbit. |
| Planck Space Observatory | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | ESA | Arrived at L$_2$ July 2009. Mission ended on 23 October 2013; Planck has been moved to a heliocentric parking orbit. |
| Chang'e 2 | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | CNSA | Arrived in August 2011 after completing a lunar mission before departing en route to asteroid 4179 Toutatis in April 2012. |
| ARTEMIS mission extension of THEMIS | Earth–Moon L$_1$ and L$_2$ | NASA | Mission consists of two spacecraft, which were the first spacecraft to reach Earth–Moon Lagrangian points. Both moved through Earth–Moon Lagrangian points, and are now in lunar orbit. |
| WIND | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | NASA | Arrived at L$_2$ in November 2003 and departed April 2004. |
| Gaia Space Observatory | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | ESA | Launched 19 December 2013. Operational as of 2020. |
| Chang'e 5-T1 Service Module | Earth–Moon L$_2$ | CNSA | Launched on 23 October 2014, arrived at L$_2$ halo orbit on 13 January 2015. |
| Queqiao | Earth–Moon L$_2$ | CNSA | Launched on 21 May 2018, arrived at L$_2$ halo orbit on June 14 for Chang'e 4 mission. Queqiao is the first ever communication relay and radio astronomy satellite at operating its location. |
| Spektr-RG | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | IKI RAN DLR | Launched 13 July 2019. Roentgen and Gamma space observatory. Operational as of June 2020. |
| Chang'e 5 Service Module | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | CNSA | Launched on 23 November 2020, arrived at L$_1$ halo orbit on 15 March 2021. |
| James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | NASA, ESA, CSA | Launched on 25 December 2021, arrived at L$_2$ point on 24 January 2022. Operational as of 2022. |
| Euclid | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | ESA, NASA | Launched on 1 July 2023, arrived at L$_2$ point on 28 July 2023. Currently in testing phase as of September 2023. |
| Aditya-L1 | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | ISRO | Launched on 2 September 2023 and was successfully inserted into an orbit about Sun-Earth L$_1$ point on 6 January 2024. |
| Chang'e 6 Service Module | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | CNSA | Launched on 3 May 2024, arrived at L$_2$ halo orbit on 9 September 2024. |

### Future and proposed missions

Future and proposed missions to Lagrangian points :
| Mission | Lagrangian point | Agency | Description |
| "Lunar Far-Side Communication Satellites" | Earth–Moon L$_2$ | NASA | Proposed in 1968 for communications on the far side of the Moon during the Apollo program, mainly to enable an Apollo landing on the far side—neither the satellites nor the landing were ever realized. |
| Space colonization and manufacturing | Earth–Moon L$_4$ or L$_5$ | — | First proposed in 1974 by Gerard K. O'Neill and subsequently advocated by the L5 Society. |
| EQUULEUS | Earth–Moon L$_2$ | University of Tokyo, JAXA | 6U CubeSat, launch planned in 2021 as a secondary payload onboard SLS Artemis 1. |
| DESTINY+ | Earth–Moon L$_2$ | JAXA | JAXA "Medium-Sized Focused Mission"; launch planned for 2025. |
| Exploration Gateway Platform | Earth–Moon L$_2$ | NASA | Proposed in 2011. |
| Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (WFIRST) | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | NASA, USDOE | Launch planned for 2026. |
| LiteBIRD | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | JAXA, NASA | JAXA's next "Strategic Large Mission"; launch planned for 2032. |
| Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | NASA | Planned for launch in early 2025. |
| Space Weather Follow On - Lagrange 1 (SWFO-L1) | Sun–Earth L$_1$ | NOAA | Planned for launch in early 2025 as a rideshare to IMAP. |
| Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | ESA | Planned for launch in 2026 for an initial six-year mission. |
| Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | JAXA, ESA, SRON | As of 2015, awaiting approval from both Japanese and European side, launch proposed for 2032. |
| Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA) | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | ESA | Launch planned for 2035. |
| ESA Vigil | Sun–Earth L$_5$ | ESA | Observatory for early warning of increased solar activity. Launch planned for 2029. |
| Sun Chaser | Sun–Earth L$_4$ | — | Observatory for early warning of solar particle events. Early proposal phase. |
| Spektr-M | Sun–Earth L$_2$ | Roscosmos | Possible launch after 2030. |