OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fred L. Mandel Jr.

Frederick Leon Mandel Jr. (1908–1973) was an American businessman who owned the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) from 1940 to 1947.

## Early life

Mandel was the grandson of one of the founders of the Mandel Brothers Department Store. He graduated from York High School and Notre Dame University. He contracted polio on a trip to China and was confined to an iron lung for a period of time. In 1931, Mandel and his brother Leon Mandel II sponsored an expedition led by ornithologist Ernest G. Holt which collected 803 birds, 96 reptiles, and 37 mammals from the Orinoco Delta for the Field Museum of Natural History.

## Business

Mandel was an executive in his family's department store and in 1934 was elected to the company's board of directors. In 1940, Mandel purchased the Detroit Lions from George A. Richards for $200,000. He was the NFL's first Jewish owner. The 1940s saw the Lions win only 35 games. The low point was when they went 0–11 in 1942. The 1942 team was so bad that they only scored five touchdowns all season, were shut out five times, and never scored more than seven points in a single game. On January 15, 1948, Mandel sold the team to a seven-person syndicate.

## Personal life

On March 14, 1935, Mandel married Lois Klafter. They had one son, Stephen. In 1938 the Mandels moved to a French Eclectic house in Highland Park, Illinois, designed by Lois' father, David Saul Klafter. The home, known as the Mr. Fred L. Mandel Jr. House, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 2009. The couple divorced in 1944.

## Later life

In 1960, Mandel Brothers was sold to Wieboldt's. Mandel and his second wife, Edna, moved to Honolulu, where he operated the Hawaii Stamp & Coin Shop. In 1967, Mandel sold a Hawaiian Missionary at auction for $17,000. Mandel died in 1973.
# Alley-oop (American football)

The alley-oop is an American football play in which the quarterback throws the ball high into the air, and another player jumps up and catches it. Named after V. T. Hamlin's comic strip character Alley Oop, the play was developed in 1957 by San Francisco 49ers players R. C. Owens and Y. A. Tittle. The play was highly successful due to Owens' 6'3" frame and ability to out-leap defenders.
Tittle said of the play: "With the Alley-Oop now considered to be a legitimate weapon, the only defense against it was a defensive back who could outleap R.C. – and at that time, no such animal existed in the NFL."
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the usage of the term in football predates its usage in basketball by two years, with the football counterpart also inspiring the play in basketball.
# Memphis Hound Dogs

The Memphis Hound Dogs were a proposed NFL team in the early-1990s. Former Memphis Showboats owner William Dunavant, Paul Tudor Jones, Fred Smith and Elvis Presley Enterprises were the members of the potential ownership group.
In 1993, the NFL invited potential owners from five finalists to make a presentation, after which two teams would be selected as expansion teams. Along with representatives from the Jacksonville Jaguars, Carolina Cougars, Baltimore Bombers and St. Louis Stallions, the potential franchise owners gave a presentation to NFL owners in hopes of attracting an NFL team. Carolina (later renamed the Panthers) and Jacksonville were chosen to become expansion teams and started in 1995.
After the NFL bid failed, Smith continued his desire to form a football team and contacted the Canadian Football League, then expanding into the United States, who gave him an expansion franchise that would be known as the similarly named Memphis Mad Dogs (the name change is presumably due to Presley's estate not being involved in the franchise). The Mad Dogs played one year in the CFL, but after weeks of declining attendance, the Mad Dogs folded, along with the rest of the American CFL franchises (except the defending champion Baltimore Stallions, who shifted their resources to the then-mothballed Montreal Alouettes franchise). Smith would be credited as an integral figure in bringing the modern Memphis Showboats of the UFL to the city in 2023.
All five of the proposed expansion cities would get NFL teams by 1997 through expansion (Carolina and Jacksonville) or moved franchises (Los Angeles Rams to St. Louis and the Cleveland Browns to Baltimore); however, Memphis's was only temporary, as they hosted the Tennessee Oilers for only one year while Nashville worked out stadium issues. (The original plan was for Memphis to host the Oilers for two years while the Nashville stadium was built, but the city's fans rejected the team, and dismal attendance figures forced an early move to a smaller Vanderbilt Stadium in Nashville.) Yet Memphis would not be without a professional sports team for long, as the Vancouver Grizzlies of the NBA would relocate there in 2001 to become the Memphis Grizzlies, who have remained there since.
# Euphorbia sakarahaensis

Euphorbia sakarahaensis is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was described by Werner Rauh in 1992.
# McElhinney's

McElhinney's is a 3-storey fifteen-department store located in Ballybofey, County Donegal. It is the largest department store in Ireland outside Dublin. It has been named National Retail Store of the Year and Best Superstore at the Retail Excellence Ireland Awards, among other awards for Outstanding Customer Service, Occasionwear, Bridal and more. Alongside Finn Park, MacCumhaill Park and a few hotels, McElhinney's is one of Ballybofey's more recognisable landmarks.
There is another store with the same name in County Meath but there is no connection between that and McElhinney's of Ballybofey.

## History

McElhinney's was founded by John McElhinney in 1968. John McElhinney spent his time driving around Donegal selling his wares from the back of a van. Then he set up a small shop in Glenfin Street, Ballybofey, where he operated from for 8 years before opening the current Department Store on Lower Main Street. The current business has faced adversity throughout the years, including surviving both a flood in 1985, and firebomb attack in 1987.
In 1977, the store began to sell Wedding Dresses. The Bridal Rooms have been nominated and won multiple awards including; Best Bridal Retailer 2016 by Xposé Frockadvisor Awards, Bridalwear Supplier of the Year 2016 by Weddings Online Awards, and Wedding Boutique of the Year (Borders) at The Irish Wedding Awards 2017, among many others.
# Juli Gudehus

Juli Gudehus (born 1968) is a German artist. Her work is based on collecting, sorting and collaging. Juli Gudehus establishes connections between phenomenons, people, and things. Language and everyday culture are sources for her work.

## Life

Gudehus was born in Hamburg as the daughter of the manager and logistician Timm Gudehus and the artist Sö Gudehus. After training as a publishing bookseller at the art book publisher Wienand in Cologne, Juli Gudehus studied visual communication in Düsseldorf, from 1990 to 1996. She has been a freelance artist since 1996.
Juli Gudehus is best known for her translation of the biblical creation story into a contemporary adaptation of the Egyptian hieroglyphs, using pictograms, symbols, logos, and many other signs. A first full-page nationwide publication of her »Genesis« in the German newspaper Die Zeit on January, 1st, 1993 was followed by imprints in newspapers, magazines, and books until today. It was and is exhibited, both nationally and internationally, and has seen four book editions. With her Icon spell project, Juli Gudehus takes the idea of a visual global language that lines up icons one step further.
Her tear-off calendar „mindestens haltbar bis” (“best before ...”) was published in 1998. All 365 sheets show expiry dates of food, such as milk, biscuits, vinegar or flour.
2010 saw the publication of the Lesikon der visuellen Kommunikation, a 3000-page text collage. The book covers numerous areas of visual communication and brings together entries by 3513 people from over 3000 years on 9704 terms and names. The terms are not arranged alphabetically, but according to topics such as gardening, sex, mountaineering, and death. Gudehus herself, as well as 627 people invited by her, wrote contributions. About 70 per cent of the texts are quotations. There are usually several entries per term. The Lesikon does not contain a single illustration.
In 2020, on the occasion of the increased attention for toilet paper in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, Juli Gudehus started a lecture series on YouTube about design for ass, in which she gives insight into her toilet paper collection of over 1,800 sheets, episode by episode, and talks about various design, manufacturing and sociological aspects.
# Fort Sumner (Maryland)

Fort Sumner was built during the American Civil War by the Union Army in the Brookmont section of Bethesda, Maryland, just northwest of Washington, D.C.

## Construction

The earthwork fort was an 1863 expansion of Fort Alexander, Fort Ripley, and Fort Franklin, which were built to protect the Washington Aqueduct, the new water supply for the city, and the adjacent Potomac River shoreline. Fort Sumner was named for Major General Edwin Vose Sumner, who died in 1863 from fever he contracted while at his daughter's house.
The fort had a commanding view above the Potomac River and included 30 artillery pieces. In addition to the aforementioned components, the site was situated near Battery Bailey and Battery Benson, overlooking Little Falls Branch.
Battery Bailey was named for Captain Guilford D. Bailey, killed in action at the Battle of Fair Oaks, and Battery Benson was named for Captain Henry Benson, mortally wounded in action at the second engagement at Malvern Hill.

## Remains

Fort Sumner was razed in 1953. There are a few visible remains of Battery Bailey in Westmoreland Hills Park, which can be seen from the adjacent Capital Crescent Trail. Part of the site was acquired by the Army Map Service (AMS) early in World War II and renamed Fort Sumner. The AMS was renamed US Army Topographic Command in 1968 and merged into the Defense Mapping Agency in 1972, at which time the site was renamed Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. The Defense Mapping Agency and its successors, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, occupied the site until the early 2010s. The residential area that was built over Fort Sumner has a plaque about the fort at Sangamore Road and West Path Way, and portions of it are named "Fort Sumner Hills" and "Sumner Village".

## Gallery

* Pontoon bridge from Fort Sumner
# Gotch

Gotch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brad Gotch (born 1962), Australian rules footballer
* Francis Gotch (1853–1913), British neurophysiologist
* Frank Gotch (1878–1917), American professional wrestler
* Frank Gotch (physician) (born 1926), American physician
* John Alfred Gotch (1852–1942), British architect and architectural historian
* Karl Gotch (1924–2007), German professional wrestler
* Rosamund Brunel Gotch (1864–1949), English costume designer, illustrator and writer
* Simon Gotch, American professional wrestler
* Tarquin Gotch, British entertainment professional
* Thomas Cooper Gotch (1854–1931), English Pre-Raphaelite artist
* Veronica Gotch, violist with the Whinyates String Quartet in the 1930s and early 1940s

## Arts and entertainment

* Masafumi Gotoh (born 1976), Japanese musician with stage name Gotch.
# Ludwig Elsbett

Ludwig Elsbett was the inventor of the Elsbett engine.
Elsbett was one of nine children of the farmer Viktor Elsbett and his wife Maria. He grew up in agriculture and was originally trained as a fitter for agricultural machinery. Later, he attended technical schools in Bad Frankenhausen and Neustrelitz to study mechanical engineering and aircraft engines.
In 1937, he was appointed department manager at the Junkers Aircraft Works in Dessau and developed combustion engines. In 1940, he married his wife Lieselotte and had five children with her. He was a living legend of technology; he played a decisive role in the further development of diesel engine technology.
After the war, Elsbett set up an independent factory in Salzgitter for the production of a small two-stroke diesel engine.
In 1973, Elsbett gained international recognition for the first ever serial-produced direct-injection diesel engine for cars.
In 1977, Elsbett produced an engine fueled by vegetable oil called the Elsbett-motor.
In 1980, Elsbett made the first conversion of standard diesel cars with prechamber engines to vegetable oil.
In 1993, the Elsbett Mercedes won the first Eco Tour of Europe with the lowest consumption of fuel.
In 1997, Elsbett won the European Solar Prize.
In 2002, Elsbett converted the standard common-rail car engine and unit-injector truck engine to run on bio-diesel.
There is a Elsbett Museum in the city of Salz, Bavaria, Lower Franconia.
# Irishtown Stadium

The Irishtown Stadium is an association football stadium in the Republic of Ireland based in Ringsend/Irishtown, Dublin. It was originally built in the 1950s and used as a home ground by Shelbourne F.C. However Shels only spent one season, 1955–56, playing competitive first-team matches there.
The stadium was renovated in 2004 through funding provided by the city council along with Dublin Docklands Development Authority and the National Lottery, and is now managed by Dublin City Council. Irishtown Stadium features a pavilion which contains a fully equipped gymnasium, an aerobics studio and meeting rooms. There are also track and field facilities, including a 400m running track and long jump pits. Association football facilities include five floodlit, all-weather five-a-side football pitches and a full-sized UEFA–standard astropitch. Its regular tenants/users include two association football clubs – St. Patrick's C.Y.F.C. and Liffey Wanderers F.C. – that play in the Leinster Senior League and Crusaders Athletics Club.
St. Pat's CY played Wexford F.C. in a FAI Cup second round tie in the stadium in August 2023.
# Hank Chien

Hank Chien is a former world record holder and two-time "Kong-Off" Champion of the video game Donkey Kong. As of January 2016, his personal best sits at 1,138,600. Chien won the first Kong-Off, a Donkey Kong competition which occurred on March 19–20, 2011. The competition featured Steve Wiebe, Billy Mitchell and eight other competitors. Chien won with a score of 994,400.
Hank Chien was born in Taiwan and moved to the U.S. with his family at the age of two. He works as a plastic surgeon in Queens.
The documentary Doctor Kong: Cutting Up the Competition follows his first attempt to break the world record.
# Graziela Preiser

Graziela Preiser is a German pattern and textile designer who is known for her colorful 1970s designs.
Born in Germany, she was educated at the Werkkunstschule Hannover, now called Akademie der bildenden Künste, Hanover.
For the majority of her career she worked as a creative director, graphic designer and illustrator. Alongside her work for several lifestyle magazines she is best known for her print and textile designs of the 1970s. She gained an international audience through exposure in the magazine Brigitte.
By 1973, the name Graziela had become synonymous with her style. Typical of her creations are cheerful colours and a clear, timeless graphic design which was hugely popular in the 1970s.
In 2008, alongside her daughter Nina Nägel, Preiser founded the company byGraziela to relaunch her 1970s designs.
# Geraldo Antonio

Geraldo Alberto Antonio (born 20 August 1994) is an Angolan retired professional football player. After retiring, he became a rapper under the name Chamo.

## Career

He made his professional debut as Jong PSV player in the second division on 3 August 2013 against Sparta Rotterdam.
In 2017, 23-year-old António decided to retire to focus on his rap career under the name Chamo.
# Aan (disambiguation)

Aan is a 1952 Indian film.
Aan may also refer to:
* Aan: Men at Work, a 2004 Indian film
* Aan River, a river in New Zealand
* Alexander Aan (born 1981), imprisoned atheist in Indonesia
* aan, ISO 639 code of the Anambé language of Brazil
AAN may also refer to:
* Aaron's, Inc. stock ticker symbol, a chain of rent-to-own stores
* Afghanistan Analysts Network, a research organization based in Afghanistan
* America's Auction Network, an American shopping channel
* American Academy of Neurology, a medical specialty society
* American Academy of Nursing, a professional society
* American Action Network, a right-wing issue advocacy group
* Ask a Ninja, a series of comedy videos
* Association of Alternative Newsweeklies, a North American trade association
* Australian Approved Name, drug generic names approved by the TGA to be used in Australia

## Aviation

* IATA airport code for Al Ain International Airport in Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
# Bursa natalensis

Bursa natalensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Bursidae, the frog shells.

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 84.7 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 40 m. Maximum recorded depth is 780 m.
# Spider Cave (Gibraltar)

Spider Cave is a limestone cave in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve.

## Description

This is the highest of the caves accessed along Mediterranean Steps, a footpath which gives access to the summit of the Rock of Gibraltar. The cave was created from water running down the fissure below Lord Airey's Battery. Most of the cave's speleothems were lost during World War II when the cave was widened for military accommodation.

## Wildlife

The cave is inhabited by the Gibraltar funnel-web spider. The cave was also used as a roost by a colony of about 100 Schreibers' bats but there was no sign in 2005.
# Clemente Cerdeira Fernández

Clemente Cerdeira Fernández (1887–1947) was a Spanish Arabist and diplomat.

## Books

* Grammar of Literal Arabic. Part one. (French Press / Catholic Print, 1911)
* Spanish Grammar in the Arabic language (Catholic Press, 1912)
* This Spanish diplomat-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Whitney Metzler

Whitney Beth Metzler (born April 19, 1978) is an American former competition swimmer.
Metzler grew up in York, Pennsylvania. She followed her older sister Staci into swimming for the York YWCA, Sonship Aquatics, and ultimately, to the North Baltimore Aquatic Club.
Metzler represented the United States at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. She competed in the women's 400-meter individual medley, advanced to the event final, and finished eighth overall with a time of 4:46.20.
Metzler attended the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where she swam for the Florida Gators swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Southeastern Conference (SEC) competition from 1996 to 1998. She was recognized as the Gators' outstanding freshman, and later, as an All-American for her performance as a member of the Gators' 4×200-yard freestyle relay team in 1997. Her college swimming career was cut short after two years by a shoulder injury. She graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor's degree in public relations in 1999.
Metzler later graduated the Pace University School of Law in White Plains, New York. She worked as an attorney for the Greenberg Traurig law firm from 2005 to 2008. She is licensed as an attorney in New York, Pennsylvania and Florida. She worked as an attorney for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 2010 to 2021, writing that state's medical marijuana law, among other health care advancements. She is now the Chief Compliance Officer of Insa, a medical and adult use cannabis company.
She was inducted into the Maryland Swimming Hall of Fame in 2001. She has three sons and two daughters.
# Welsh Borderland Fault System

The Welsh Borderland Fault System is a zone of faulting and associated folding which runs northeastwards through Wales from Pembrokeshire through Carmarthenshire and Powys into Shropshire in England. It comprises the Tywi Lineament, Pontesford Lineament and Church Stretton Fault Zone. The southern margin of the fault system is defined by the Church Stretton Fault and Dulas Valley Fault, amongst others whilst its northern margin is defined by the Garth-Llanwrtyd Fault Belt in Carmarthenshire. The Church Stretton Fault component of the system is deemed to form the terrane boundary between the Cymru terrane to its northwest and the Wrekin terrane to its southeast.
The system was active during the Caledonian Orogeny and was reactivated during the later Variscan Orogeny. It is considered to define the southeastern margin of the Caledonian orogen within Britain, just as the Moine Thrust defines the opposing northwestern margin.
# Lisbeth Åkerman

Lisbeth Margareta Åkerman (born 6 May 1967) is a Swedish broadcast journalist and news presenter, currently working as one of the main anchors of SVT1's flagship news programme Rapport on SVT.
# Sociodrama

A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which several individuals act out assigned roles for the purpose of studying and remedying problems in group or collective relationships. It was developed by social scientist Jacob L. Moreno to explore sociological interests using the techniques he originated in psychodrama for psychology. Sociodrama may be applied to collective trauma and current events, social problems and disintegration, prejudice, interpersonal tension and justice and rehabilitation.
# João Ricardo (footballer, born 1991)

João Ricardo Pinto da Silva (born 10 August 1991 in Espinho) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Espinho as a midfielder.
# Austroascia

Austroascia is a genus of hoverflies.

## Species

* A. segersi Thompson & Marnef, 1977
# UltraDefrag

UltraDefrag is a disk defragmentation utility for Microsoft Windows. Prior to version 8.0.0 it was released under the GNU General Public License. The only other Windows-based defragmentation utility licensed under the GNU GPL was JkDefrag, discontinued in 2008.
In 2018, UltraDefrag sources have been relicensed to Green Gate Systems. Their enhanced version, released under a proprietary license, features automatic defragmentation, disk cleanup before defragmentation, graphical interface for setting user preferences, optimization of solid state drives, full compatibility with Windows 11 and 10, and is said to have much faster disk processing algorithms.
UltraDefrag uses the defragmentation part of Windows API and works on Windows NT 4.0 and later. It supports FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, and NTFS file systems.
Jean-Pierre André, one of the developers of NTFS-3G, has created a fork of UltraDefrag 5 that runs on Linux. It only has a command-line interface.

## Features

* Automatic defragmentation
* Automatic disk cleanup before defragmentation
* Defragmentation of individual files and folders
* Defragmentation of locked system files
* Defragmentation of NTFS metafiles (including MFT) and streams
* Exclusion of files by path, size and number of fragments
* Optimization of disks
* Disk processing time limit
* Defragmentation of disks having a certain fragmentation level
* Automatic hibernation or shutdown after the job completion
* Multilingual graphical interface (over 60 languages available)
* One click defragmentation via Windows Explorer's context menu
* Command line interface
* Portable edition
* Full support of 64-bit editions of Windows
# Hawaiian style

Hawaiian style may refer to:
* Hawaiian pizza
* Aloha shirt, also referred to as a Hawaiian shirt
* Hawaiian cuisine (disambiguation)