OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dicalcium ruthenate

Dicalcium ruthenate, with the chemical formula Ca$_2$RuO$_4$, is a stochiometric oxide compound that hosts a multi-orbital (band) Mott insulating ground state. For this reason, Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ serves as an important "meeting-point" between conceptual developments of strongly correlated multi-band physics and advanced experimental spectroscopies. Its electronic structure and also orbital magnetism are therefore subjects of experimental and theoretical scrutiny.

## Electronic properties

Around 350 K, Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ undergoes a metal insulator transition which involves a crystal structure transition leading to a strong c-axis compression. Negative thermal expansion has also been reported in conjunction with this c-axis compression. The metal insulator transition is sensitive to electrical current. Below 80 K, an anti-ferromagnetic ordering emerges.

## Related materials

Ca$_{1.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$RuO$_4$ has been proposed as a candidate system for orbital selective Mott physics. The bilayer compound Ca$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$ is metallic, but display a sequence of electronic transitions below 60 K. Finally, Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ hosts an unconventional superconducting state.
# Dmitri Barkov (sport shooter)

Dmitri Barkov (Russian: Дмитрий Барков; born 28 October 1880, date of death unknown) was a Russian sport shooter who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland.
In 1912 he was a member of the Russian team which finished fifth in the team 100 metre running deer, single shots competition. In the 100 metre running deer, single shots event he finished 31st and in the 100 metre running deer, double shots competition he finished 19th.
# Portuguese campaign in Mozambique (World War I)

The Portuguese campaign in Mozambique during World War I was part of the broader East African Campaign. This lasted until the collapse of German forces in East Africa in 1918.

## Background

At the outbreak of World War I, the proximity of Portuguese Mozambique to German East Africa, coupled with the longstanding alliance between Portugal and Britain, placed Mozambique in a risky position. Despite Portugal maintaining a policy of neutrality, it was under pressure from Britain, its ally, to support British military efforts in Africa. This included allowing British forces to pass through Portuguese territory and, more importantly, strengthening the defenses along Mozambique's northern border.
By early August 1914, tensions were rising along Mozambique's borders, particularly in the south, where a Boer revolt was imminent. To suppress this uprising, Britain requested not only rifles but also permission to move British troops through Mozambique. In response, Portugal deemed it essential to reinforce the frontier, especially the area along the Rovuma River, which had very limited Portuguese administrative and military presence. On August 18, 1914, Portugal dispatched its first expedition to Mozambique, consisting of approximately 1,477 men, primarily drawn from the 3rd Battalion of the 15th Infantry Regiment. The mission was to establish military posts along the Rovuma River and secure the region.

## Campaign
### Attack on Maziua, 1914

The frontier posts established along the Rovuma River were very basic. The post at Maziua, situated far from the main Portuguese stronghold of Porto Amélia, was one of the weakest, defended by a small garrison of a sergeant and half a dozen indigenous soldiers from the Niassa Company's police force. On August 24, 1914, the German forces launched an unexpected attack on the post. The German forces massacred the indigenous soldiers who were guarding the post and the sergeant Eduardo Costa was killed during the attack.

### Battle of Ngomano, 1917

On 25 November at 07:00, the Portuguese garrison at Ngomano was warned of an impending attack but was unprepared. The Germans distracted them with artillery fire while crossing the Rovuma River upstream. The Germans flanked the camp with six infantry companies from multiple directions. Despite preparations, the Portuguese were surprised by an attack from the rear, and their defenses collapsed after key officers were killed. Lacking heavy weapons and facing heavy casualties, the Portuguese eventually surrendered, even though they had enough supplies to continue fighting.

### Battle of Namacurra, 1918

On July 1, 1918, the Germans entered Namacurra, three battalions supported by two British King's African Rifle companies under Colonel Gore-Browne, facing three German companies led by Captain Müller. By July 3, von Lettow had deployed his main force, pushing the Portuguese back to the Namacurra River. During the retreat, 100 men, including Gore-Browne, drowned. The fighting ended in the afternoon of July 3.
# Candlewood Orchards, Connecticut

Candlewood Orchards is a private residential community and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Brookfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is in the northwestern part of the town, on the eastern shore of Candlewood Lake. It is bordered to the north by Candlewood Shores and to the west and south by the town of New Fairfield.
Candlewood Orchards was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
# Leeds Youth Opera

Leeds Youth Opera is an opera company whose performers are aged 12 to 25, based in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. The Yorkshire Post described the group as a "national cultural treasure".

## Background

Formed in 1971, Leeds Youth Opera (LYO) caters for singers aged 12–25. Since its creation, the company has gained a reputation for performing rare works, as well as the standard operatic repertoire. LYO generally performs two productions each year, as part of the Leeds Civic Arts Guild, which is based at the Carriageworks theatre in central Leeds.

## Noted productions

The UK premieres of Satyagraha and The Voyage by Philip Glass were performed by LYO. In July 2008 the group performed the world staged premiere of Oliver Rudland's The Nightingale and the Rose. In July 2009 they performed the European Premier of Appomattox by Glass.
The company's 2006 production of Sondheim's Sweeney Todd was described by the BBC as "excellently performed".

## Selection of past performances

* Feb 2020 - Don Giovanni (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) (Amanda Holden English Translation)
* July 2019 - Die Fledermaus
* Feb 2019 - Macbeth (opera) (Giuseppe Verdi)
* July 2018 - In Our Element (Devised piece by LYO with selections of pieces from operas and musicals)
* Feb 2018 - La Bohème (Giacomo Puccini)
* July 2017 - A Masked Ball
* Feb 2017 - Les Misérables (musical)
* July 2016 - West Side Story (Leonard Bernstein Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim)
* Feb 2016 - The Marriage of Figaro (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
* July 2015 - The Elixir of Love (Donizetti)
* Feb 2015 - Sweeney Todd (Sondheim)
* July 2014 - The Magic Flute (Mozart)
* Feb 2014 - Hansel and Gretel (Humperdinck)
* July 2013 - Carmen (Bizet)
* Feb 2013 - Candide (Bernstein)
* July 2012 - Manon (Massenet)
* Feb 2012 - The Poisoned Kiss (Vaughan Williams)
* July 2011 - Eugene Onegin (Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky) performed in English.
* Feb 2011 – La Traviata (Verdi)
* July 2010 - Faust (Gounod)
* Feb 2010 - Orpheus in the Underworld (Offenbach)
* July 2009 – Appomattox
* Feb 2009 – I Lombardi (Verdi)
* July 2008 – The Nightingale and the Rose (Oliver Rudland) and Carmina Burana (Orff)
* Feb 2008 – Idomeneo (Mozart)
* July 2007 – Der Freischütz (Weber)
* Feb 2007 – The Love for Three Oranges (Prokofiev)
* July 2006 – Sweeney Todd (Sondheim)
* Feb 2006 – Cinderella (Massenet)
* July 2005 – The Magic Flute (Mozart)
* Feb 2005 – The Tales of Hoffmann (Offenbach)
* July 2004 – The Voyage (Glass)
* Feb 2004 – The Pearl Fishers (Bizet)
* July 2003 – Turandot (Puccini)
* Feb 2003 – Merrily We Roll Along (Sondheim)
* July 2002 – A Masked Ball (Verdi)
* Feb 2002 – Candide (Bernstein)
* July 2001 – Peter Grimes (Britten)
* Feb 2001 – A Little Night Music (Sondheim)
* July 2000 – Carmen (Bizet)
# Ferrucyon

Ferrucyon is an extinct genus of omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, which inhabited North America during the Pliocene, Blancan in the NALMA classification, from about 4.9 to approximately 2.6 Ma. The type species, F. avius, was originally interpreted as a relative of the modern crab-eating fox, and described as a species belonging to the genus Cerdocyon. Ruiz-Ramoni et al. (2020) reinterpreted it as a vulpine canid related to North American species Metalopex macconnelli, and to the Eurasian genus Nyctereutes. This reinterpretation necessitated removal of "Cerdocyon" avius from the genus Cerdocyon, and Ruiz-Ramoni et al. (2020) transferred it to the separate genus Ferrucyon.

## Taxonomy

Cerdocyon was named by Hamilton-Smith (1839). It was assigned to Canidae by Hamilton-Smith (1839) and Carroll (1988).
F. avius was about 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) long. Fossils of the species have been found in Baja California (Refugio Formation).
# Mario Beshiraj

Mario Beshiraj (born 25 October 1999) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a forward for Teuta Durrës in the Kategoria Superiore.

## Honours
### Tirana

* Albanian Superliga: 2019–20, 2021–22
# Gallium monofluoride

Gallium monofluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula GaF. The compound has only been observed in the gas-phase.
It can be generated by the oxidation of gallium with either aluminum fluoride or calcium fluoride.

## Research

In 2011, a group of Brazilian and German researchers used the molecular absorption of fluorogallium created in a graphite furnace to determine that 5.2 picograms of fluorine is the smallest detectable portion of the element.
Its ionization energy is 10.64 eV.
# Why? (Stray Kids song)

"Why?" is a song by South Korean boy band Stray Kids from their second Japanese-language studio album Giant (2024). It was released as a promotional single through Epic Records Japan on April 12, 2024. The song serves as the theme for Japanese television drama Re: Revenge – Yokubo no Hate ni (2024).

## Background and composition

On March 23, 2024, the second teaser of Japanese television drama Re: Revenge – Yokubo no Hate ni was revealed, alongside an announcement that Stray Kids would perform the theme of the drama, titled "Why?", making it the group's first Japanese drama series theme. The song became available for digital download and streaming platforms on April 12, after the first episode's premiere, and later was included on the group's second Japanese-language studio album Giant (2024).
"Why?" was written by Stray Kids' in-house production team 3Racha, consisting of members Bang Chan, Changbin, and Han, alongside D&H (Purple Night) and Yohei for Japanese lyrics, and Hong Ji-sang for composition and arrangement. A rock track with the image of "dystopia", the song expresses the feelings of moving forward to a goal without worrying about one's surroundings despite encountering obstacles.

## Live performances

Stray Kids debuted the performance of "Why?" at the group's fanmeeting SKZ Toy World in April 2024 at Kyocera Dome, Osaka and Belluna Dome, Saitama.

## Credits and personnel

Personnel
* Stray Kids – lead vocals, background vocals
** Bang Chan (3Racha) – lyrics, composition
** Changbin (3Racha) – lyrics, composition
** Han (3Racha) – lyrics, composition
* D&H (Purple Night) – Japanese lyrics
* Yohei – Japanese lyrics
* Hong Ji-sang – composition, arrangement, computer programming, electric guitar, keyboards, vocal direction, recording
* Goo Hye-jin – recording
* Lee Tae-sub – mixing
* Kwon Nam-woo – mastering
Locations
* Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. – publishing
* JYP Publishing (KOMCA) – publishing
* JYPE Studios – recording, mixing
* Jisang's Studio – recording
* 821 Sound Mastering – mastering

## Charts

Chart performance for "Why?" :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 25 |
| Japan Combined Singles (Oricon) | 26 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 39 |
| US World Digital Song Sales (Billboard) | 2 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Why?" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | April 12, 2024 | Digital downloadstreaming | Epic Japan | |
| South Korea | April 12, 2024 | Digital downloadstreaming | JYP | |
# Dmitri Kuzmin

Dmitri Kuzmin (Russian: Дмитрий Кузьмин; born September 9, 1977) is a Russian-born Kyrgyzstani former swimmer, who specialized in middle-distance freestyle events. He is a single-time Olympian (2000), and a former Kyrgyzstan record holder in the 200 and 400 m freestyle. While playing for the Russian senior team, Kuzmin also earned a bronze medal, along with Maksim Korsunov, Dmitry Chernyshov, and Andrey Kapralov, in the 4×200 m freestyle relay at the 1999 European Aquatics Championships in Istanbul, Turkey.
Kuzmin competed in three swimming events at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He cleared a FINA B-standard of 1:51.90 from the Russian National Championships in Moscow. On the first day of the Games, Kuzmin teamed up with Sergey Ashihmin, Konstantin Ushkov, and another Russian import Alexei Pavlov in the 4×100 m freestyle relay. Kuzmin swam the third leg in heat two and recorded a split of 50.61, but the Kyrgyz rounded out an eight-team field to last place and twentieth overall with a final time of 3:25.03. In the 200 m freestyle, Kuzmin placed twenty-eighth on the morning prelims. Swimming in heat four, Kuzmin edged out Moldova's Andrei Cecan to take a fifth spot by three-tenths of a second (0.30) in 1:52.93. Two days later, in the 4×200 m freestyle relay, Kuzmin, along with Andrei Pakin, Aleksandr Shilin, and Ivan Ivanov, were disqualified from heat one for an early takeoff during the lead-off leg.
# Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization

The Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) (Portuguese: Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (OTCA)) is an international organization aimed at the promotion of sustainable development of the Amazon Basin. Its member states are: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.
The Amazon Cooperation Treaty (ACT) was signed on 3 July 1978 and amended in 1998. ACTO was created in 1995 to strengthen the implementation of the Treaty. The Permanent Secretariat was later established in Brasília in 2002.

## Members

* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Ecuador
* Guyana
* Peru
* Suriname
* Venezuela

### Observers

* France
* DR Congo
* Congo
* Indonesia

## 2023 ACTO Summit

In January 2023, Brazil announced it was hosting the 2023 Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization Summit in August in the same year. The Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia were invited to attend in order to represent the Congo and Borneo and Sumatra rainforests respectively. Brazil also invited France to attend and join the organization, as France holds territory in the Amazon through its department of French Guiana.
# Swaderki

Swaderki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olsztynek, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Olsztynek and 25 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).
# Tom Berry (baseball)

Thomas Haney Berry (December 31, 1842 – June 6, 1915) was a professional baseball player who played for the Philadelphia Athletics in one game during the 1871 season. He had one hit in four at-bats in that game.
Berry was a soldier in the Union Army from 1862 to 1865 during the American Civil War. He served in Company B of Sixteenth Regiment of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, Company A of the Thirty-Seventh Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers and Company A of the Nineteenth Regiment. He died in 1915 in his home town of Chester, Pennsylvania of tuberculosis.
# Susuami language

The Susuami language is a heavily endangered Papuan language, spoken in the resettlement village of Manki (7°12′13″S 146°32′25″E﻿ / ﻿7.203594°S 146.540389°E﻿ / -7.203594; 146.540389﻿ (Manki)) along the upper Watut River, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Demographics

In 1980, it was estimated at 50 speakers, and faced competition from the several other languages spoken in the village, including distantly-related Hamtai and Angaataha, as well as the usual use of Tok Pisin with outsiders.
In 1990, there are about a dozen speakers, and children were not learning the language, including the child of the only couple in the village who were both native speakers. Its continued survival is unlikely.
# Metrom Stadium

Metrom Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Brașov, Romania. It is used mostly for football matches and was the home ground of Metrom Brașov. Metrom Brașov was the football team of Metrom factory, Romania's main supplier for defense technique and services. Metrom played for 20 years at the level of the second division.
The football team was disbanded in 2002 and since then the stadium was renovated and his capacity was reduced considerably. Now, Metrom Stadium is used mostly for youth teams and women's football matches.
# Rweideh, Idlib

Rweideh, Idlib (Arabic: الرويضة, also spelled Ruweiha, Al-Ruwaiha and Ar-Ruwayhah) is a Syrian village located in Al-Tamanah Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Rweideh, Idlib had a population of 920 in the 2004 census.

## History

The village of Rweideh was once the site of a substantial Roman and Byzantine era settlement. Ruins of numerous churches, tombs and houses dated from the 4th through 6th century AD remain visible in the area.
The village was captured by anti-government forces relatively early in the war, but the Syrian army retook most of it by March of 2020. However, the settlement's outskirts are still controlled by the opposition and there have been numerous clashes in the vicinity in recent years.
# Naomi Gakunga

Naomi Wanjiku Gakunga (born 1960), is a Kenyan sculptor and visual artist. She was shortlisted for the Financial Times/Oppenheimer Funds Emerging Voices Awards in 2016 and 2017.

## Early years and education

Gakunga was born in Gacharage, Kenya in 1960. She had her tertiary education at the University of Nairobi in Kenya where she acquired a bachelor's degree in Design. She furthered at the University of California in Los Angeles.

## Career

Before leaving for the United States to pursue her graduate studies, Gakunga lectured at the University of Nairobi. She uses tin cans, textured sheet metal and steel wire to create wall-hanging sculptures. She has exhibited her works in the US, the UK, France, Brazil, Poland and Kenya. Some of the shows she has exhibited at include; the 2017 solo exhibitions at the October Gallery in London, Bihl Haus Arts in San Antonio, Frieze New York, the Art Paris Art Fair, and the Cape Town Art Fair. Her sculpture Mũgogo – The Crossing was exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts in London.

## Personal life

Gakunga is married. She lives and works in San Antonio, Texas.
# Szarłaty

Szarłaty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sorkwity, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Sorkwity, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Mrągowo, and 41 km (25 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Coon Valley Township, Sac County, Iowa

Coon Valley Township is a township in Sac County, Iowa, United States.
The township's elevation is listed as 1207 feet above mean sea level.

## History

Coon Valley Township was established in 1877. Its name comes from the fact that the Raccoon River flows through it.

## Demographics

As of 2010, Coon Valley Township had 187 residents and 92 housing units.
# Campagne-lès-Guines

Campagne-lès-Guines (French pronunciation:, literally Campagne near Guines) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas de Calais region of France 10 miles (16 km) south of Calais.
# Tom Ferguson (footballer)

Tom Ferguson (21 November 1920 – 29 May 2008) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# The Wizard of Loneliness (film)

The Wizard of Loneliness is a 1988 American drama film directed by Jenny Bowen and starring Lukas Haas, Lea Thompson, Lance Guest, Dylan Baker, and John Randolph. It is based on the 1966 book of the same name by John Nichols.

## Premise

Young Wendall Oler is sent to live with his Aunt Sybil and Uncle John when his father is called on to fight in World War II. Lonely and unhappy, Wendall harbors the delusion that he possesses amazing powers and becomes involved in some family secrets.

## Cast

* Lukas Haas as Wendall Oler
* Lea Thompson as Aunt Sybil
* Lance Guest as Uncle John
* Dylan Baker as Duffy Kahler
* John Randolph as Doc
* David Moscow as Jimmy Wiggen
* Anne Pitoniak as Cornelia
* Jason Cook as Monroe
* Ken Jenkins as Joel Spender
* Michael Buhl as Chad Spender
# Carmen Anderson

Carmelita 'Carmen' Anderson (maiden name Bishop) is a Norfolk Islander lawn bowls international.

## Bowls career
### World Championship

Anderson won the gold medal in the singles at the 1996 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Adelaide. In 2020, she was selected for the 2020 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Australia but the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2023, she was selected as part of the team to represent the Norfolk Islands at the 2023 World Outdoor Bowls Championship. She participated in the women's pairs and the women's fours events. In the pairs partnering Shae Wilson, she won her group undefeated but lost to Malta in the quarter finals.

### Commonwealth Games

She won Norfolk Island's first medal at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, Canada, when she won a bronze medal. In 2022, she competed in the women's pairs and the Women's fours at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

### Asia Pacific

Anderson is one of the most successful female bowlers of all time at the Asia Pacific Bowls Championships where she has won eleven medals including five golds (four in singles competition). Her eleventh medal came at the 2019 Asia Pacific Bowls Championships in the Gold Coast, Queensland.

## Personal life

She holds Australian citizenship and received the Medal of the Order of Australia in 1999.