# Bernhard Kadenbach

Bernhard Kadenbach (21 August 1933 – 14 April 2021) was a German biochemist with main research in structure and function of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, who worked as a professor in the chemistry department of Philipps-Universität Marburg.

## Life
### Academic career

Kadenbach earned a "Diplom" (master's degree) in chemistry at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in 1959. He spent one year (1960) as research fellow at the Wenner-Gren Institute of the University of Stockholm. He obtained his PhD in biochemistry in 1964 at the Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg. The dissertation was entitled "The influence of thyroidhormones in vivo on oxidative phosphorylation and enzyme activities in mitochondria". In 1964 he married Helke Mosner (two children). From 1968 to 1971 he was a teaching and research assistant at the Physiological Chemistry Institute of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. In 1971 he was qualified for lecturing at the Universität Konstanz (habilitation). The thesis was entitled: “Biosynthesis of cytochrome c”. From 1971–1973 he became "Oberassistent" (assistant professor) at the Laboratory of Biochemistry at the Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule Zürich, Switzerland. In 1973 he became a professor of biochemistry at the Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg. His formal retirement was in 1998. From 2003–2013 he continued his research on regulation of cytochrome c oxidase at the Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ) within the Klinikum of the Philipps-Universität Marburg.

### Fields of research

Kadenbach studied the mitochondrial phosphate carrier and found its essential requirement for cardiolipin.
Subsequent studies concentrated on the protein structure and function of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. He discovered the occurrence of tissue-specific and developmental-specific protein isoforms. Defective cytochrome c oxidase activity was found in mitochondrial diseases and in human muscle cells with increasing age. Ten specific binding sites for ADP or ATP were identified in mammalian cytochrome c oxidase, which regulate the H+/e- stoichiometry of proton pumping, and the allosteric inhibition of activity, depending on the ATP/ADP ratio. Stress-dependent reversible dephosphorylation of cytochrome c oxidase suggests formation of reactive oxygen species. A hypothesis on the cause of oxidative stress, aging and disease was published by Kadenbach in 2013.

### Memberships

* Member of the Gesellschaft für Biochemie and Molekularbiologie since 1963
* Member of the New York Academy of Sciences since 1990

### Publications

* 1959 (Diplom) Der Einfluß von Chlorpromazin auf die oxidative Phosphorylierung von Tumormitochondrien
* 1964 (Dissertation) Der Einfluß von Thyreoidhormonen in vivo auf die oxydative Phosphorylierung und Enzymaktivitäten in Mitochondrien
* 1970 (Habilitation) Die Biosynthese von Cytochrom-c
From 1959 until 2012 Kadenbach published 237 papers in national and international journals. The following publications are a selection:
* P. Merle and B. Kadenbach: The subunit composition of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase, Eur J Biochem 105, 499–507 (1980).
* B. Kadenbach and J. Müller-Höcker: Mutations of mitochondrial DNA and human death, Naturwissenschaften 77, 221–225 (1990).
* B. Kadenbach and S. Arnold: Minireview: A second mechanism of respiratory control, FEBS Lett. 447, 131–134 (1999).
* B. Kadenbach, R. Ramzan, L. Wen, and S. Vogt: New extension of the Mitchell Theory for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of living organisms, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1800, 205–212 (2010).
* B. Kadenbach (ed.): Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation. Nuclear-Encodes Genes, Enzyme Regulation, and Pathophysiology (Advances in Medical Medicine and Biology 748), Springer-Verlag (2012) ISBN 9781461435723.

## Literature

* Kürschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender online, Ref.-Nr. P34933
* Christian Reichardt and Dorothea Schulz: Kurze Übersicht über die Entwicklung des Fachs Chemie an der Philipps-Universität Marburg von 1609 bis zur Gegenwart, 4. verbesserte and ergänzte Auflage, Marburg (2012)

## References and annotations

* ↑ S. Vogt, R. Ramzan, L.I. Grossman, K.K. Singh, S. Ferguson-Miller, S. Yoshikawa, I. Lee, M. Hüttemann (September 2021). "Mitochondrial respiration is controlled by Allostery, Subunit Composition and Phosphorylation Sites of Cytochrome c Oxidase: A trailblazer's tale – Bernhard Kadenbach". Mitochondrion. 60: 228–233. doi:10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.015. PMID 34481964. S2CID 237423820. Retrieved 7 February 2022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* ↑ H.V.J. Kolbe, P. Mende and B. Kadenbach: The protein component(s) of the isolated phosphate-transport system of mitochondria, Eur. J. Biochem. 128, 97–105 (1982).
* ↑ P. Mende, F.-J. Hüther and B. Kadenbach: Specific and reversible activation and inactivation of the mitochondrial phosphate carrier by cardiolipin and nonionic detergents, respectively, FEBS Lett. 158, 331–334 (1983).
* ↑ P. Merle and B. Kadenbach: Kinetic and structural differences between cytochrome c oxidases from beef liver and heart, Eur. J. Biochem. 125, 239–244 (1982).
* ↑ B. Kadenbach, J. Jarausch, R. Hartmann and P. Merle: Separation of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase into 13 poly-peptides by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoretic procedure, Anal. Biochem. 129, 517–521 (1983).
* ↑ B. Kadenbach, R. Hartmann, R. Glanville and G. Buse: Tissue-specific genes code for polypeptide VIa of beef liver and heart cytochrome c oxidase, FEBS Lett. 138, 236–238 (1982).
* ↑ A. Schlerf, M. Droste, M. Winter and B. Kadenbach: Characterization of two different genes (cDNA) for cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa from heart and liver of the rat, EMBO J. 7, 2387–2391 (1988).
* ↑ G. Bonne, P. Seibel, S. Possekel, C. Marsac and B. Kadenbach: Expression of humen cytochrome c oxidase subunits during fetal development, Eur. J. Biochem. 217, 1099–1107 (1993).
* ↑ P. Seibel, F. Degoul, N. Romero, C. Marsac and B. Kadenbach: Identification of point mutations by mispairing PCR as exemplified in MERRF disease, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173, 561–565 (1990).
* ↑ J. Müller-Höcker, K. Schneiderbanger, F.H. Stefani and B. Kadenbach: Progressive loss of cytochrome-c-oxidase in the human extraocular muscles in ageing – a cytochemical-immunohistochemical study, Mutation Research 275, 115–124 (1992).
* ↑ J. Müller-Höcker, P. Seibel, K. Schneiderbanger and B. Kadenbach: Different in situ hybridisation patterns of mitochondrial DNA in cytochrome c oxidase- deficient extraocular muscle fibres in the elderly, Virch. Arch. A., Pathol. Anat. 422, 7–15 (1993).
* ↑ J. Napiwotzki, K. Shinzawa-Itoh, S. Yoshikawa and B. Kadenbach: ATP and ADP bind to cytochrome c oxidase and regulate its activity, Biol. Chem., 378, 1013–1021 (1997).
* ↑ V. Frank and B. Kadenbach: Regulation of the H+/e--stoichiometry of cytochrome c oxidase from bovine heart by intraliposomal ATP/ADP ratios, FEBS Lett., 382, 121–124 (1996).
* ↑ S. Arnold and B. Kadenbach: Priority Paper. Cell respiration is controlled by ATP, an allosteric inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase, Eur. J. Biochem. 249, 350–354 (1997).
* ↑ B. Kadenbach, S. Arnold, I. Lee, I. and M. Hüttemann: The possible role of cytochrome c oxidase in stress-induced apoptosis and degenerative diseases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1655, 400–408 (2004)
* ↑ B. Kadenbach, R. Ramzan and S. Vogt: High Efficiency versus Maximal Performance – The Cause of Oxidative Stress in Eukaryotes. A Hypothesis. Mitochondrion.13, 1–6 (2013)