# List of human cell types derived from the germ layers

This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

## Cells derived from ectoderm
### Surface ectoderm
#### Skin

* Trichocyte
* Keratinocyte

#### Anterior pituitary

* Gonadotrope
* Corticotrope
* Thyrotrope
* Somatotrope
* Lactotroph

#### Tooth enamel

* Ameloblast

### Neural crest
#### Peripheral nervous system

* Neuron
* Glia
** Schwann cell
** Satellite glial cell

#### Neuroendocrine system

* Chromaffin cell
* Glomus cell

#### Skin

* Melanocyte
** Nevus cell
* Merkel cell

#### Teeth

* Odontoblast
* Cementoblast

#### Eyes

* Corneal keratocyte

#### Smooth muscle
### Neural tube
#### Central nervous system

* Neuron
* Glia
** Astrocyte
** Ependymocytes
** Müller glia (retina)
** Oligodendrocyte
** Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
** Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)

#### Pineal gland

* Pinealocyte

## Cells derived from mesoderm
### Paraxial mesoderm

    See main article on Paraxial mesoderm.

#### Mesenchymal stem cell

    See Mesenchymal stem cell.

##### Osteochondroprogenitor cell

* Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
* Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)

##### Myofibroblast

* Fat
** Lipoblast → Adipocyte
* Muscle
** Myoblast → Myocyte
** Myosatellite cell
** Tendon cell
** Cardiac muscle cell
* Other
** Fibroblast → Fibrocyte

#### Other

* Digestive system
** Interstitial cell of Cajal
** Spleen

### Intermediate mesoderm

    See main article on Intermediate mesoderm.

#### Kidney

* Parietal epithelial cell (PEC)
* Podocyte
* Angioblast → Endothelial cell
* Mesangial cell
** Intraglomerular
** Extraglomerular
* Juxtaglomerular cell
* Macula densa cell
* Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
* Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
* Kidney distal tubule cell
* Connecting tubule cells
* α-intercalated cell
* β-intercalated cell
* Principal cells

#### Reproductive system

* Sertoli cell
* Leydig cell
* Granulosa cell
* Peg cell
* Germ cells (which migrate here primordially)
** spermatozoon
** ovum

### Lateral plate mesoderm

    See main article on Lateral plate mesoderm.

#### Hematopoietic stem cell

* Lymphoid
** Lymphoblast
** see lymphocytes
* Myeloid
** CFU-GEMM
** see myeloid cells

#### Circulatory system

* Endothelial progenitor cell
* Endothelial colony forming cell
* Endothelial stem cell
* Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
* Pericyte
* Mural cell

#### Body cavities

* Mesothelial cell

### Axial mesoderm

    See main article on Axial mesoderm.

#### Notochord

* Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells

## Cells derived from endoderm
### Foregut
#### Respiratory system

* Pneumocyte
** Type I cell
** Type II cell
* Club cell
* Goblet cell
* Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell

#### Digestive system
##### Stomach

* Gastric enteroendocrine cells
** G cell
** Delta cell
** Enterochromaffin-like cell
* Gastric chief cell
* Parietal cell
* Foveolar cell

##### Intestine

* Intestinal enteroendocrine cells
** S cell
** Delta cell
** Cholecystokinin
** Enterochromaffin cell
* Goblet cell
* Brunner's gland cell
* Paneth cell
* Tuft cell
* Enterocyte
** Microfold cell

##### Liver and gallbladder

* Hepatocyte
* Hepatic stellate cell
* Cholangiocyte
* Cholecystocyte

#### Pancreas

* Exocrine component of pancreas
** Pancreatic ductal cells
** Pancreatic acinar cell
** Centroacinar cell
** Pancreatic stellate cell
* Islets of Langerhans
** Alpha cell
** Beta cell
** PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
** Delta cell
** Epsilon cell

### Pharyngeal pouch

* Thyroid gland
** Follicular cell
** Parafollicular cell
* Parathyroid gland
** Parathyroid chief cell
** Oxyphil cell
* Thymus gland
** Thymic epithelial cell

### Hindgut/cloaca

* Urothelial cell (renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra)
* Prostate epithelial cell