OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hafnium(IV) oxide

Hafnium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula HfO $_2$. Also known as hafnium dioxide or hafnia, this colourless solid is one of the most common and stable compounds of hafnium. It is an electrical insulator with a band gap of 5.3~5.7 eV. Hafnium dioxide is an intermediate in some processes that give hafnium metal.
Hafnium(IV) oxide is quite inert. It reacts with strong acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and with strong bases. It dissolves slowly in hydrofluoric acid to give fluorohafnate anions. At elevated temperatures, it reacts with chlorine in the presence of graphite or carbon tetrachloride to give hafnium tetrachloride.

## Structure

Hafnia typically adopts the same structure as zirconia (ZrO$_2$). Unlike TiO$_2$, which features six-coordinate Ti in all phases, zirconia and hafnia consist of seven-coordinate metal centres. A variety of other crystalline phases have been experimentally observed, including cubic fluorite (Fm3m), tetragonal (P4$_2$/nmc), monoclinic (P2$_1$/c) and orthorhombic (Pbca and Pnma). It is also known that hafnia may adopt two other orthorhombic metastable phases (space group Pca2$_1$ and Pmn2$_1$) over a wide range of pressures and temperatures, presumably being the sources of the ferroelectricity observed in thin films of hafnia.
Thin films of hafnium oxides deposited by atomic layer deposition are usually crystalline. Because semiconductor devices benefit from having amorphous films present, researchers have alloyed hafnium oxide with aluminum or silicon (forming hafnium silicates), which have a higher crystallization temperature than hafnium oxide.

## Applications

Hafnia is used in optical coatings, and as a high-κ dielectric in DRAM capacitors and in advanced metal–oxide–semiconductor devices. Hafnium-based oxides were introduced by Intel in 2007 as a replacement for silicon oxide as a gate insulator in field-effect transistors. The advantage for transistors is its high dielectric constant: the dielectric constant of HfO$_2$ is 4–6 times higher than that of SiO$_2$. The dielectric constant and other properties depend on the deposition method, composition and microstructure of the material.
Hafnium oxide (as well as doped and oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide) attracts additional interest as a possible candidate for resistive-switching memories and CMOS-compatible ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFET memory) and memory chips.
Because of its very high melting point, hafnia is also used as a refractory material in the insulation of such devices as thermocouples, where it can operate at temperatures up to 2500 °C.
Multilayered films of hafnium dioxide, silica, and other materials have been developed for use in passive cooling of buildings. The films reflect sunlight and radiate heat at wavelengths that pass through Earth's atmosphere, and can have temperatures several degrees cooler than surrounding materials under the same conditions.
# Mohsen Aminzadeh

Mohsen Aminzadeh (Persian: محسن امین‌زاده, born 1957) is an Iranian reformist politician and former diplomat. Aminzadeh was a founding member of the largest reformist party, the Islamic Iran Participation Front. He served as the Deputy Foreign Minister during the 1997-2005 administration of the Iranian president Mohammad Khatami.
Like many other senior reformist politicians, Aminzadeh was arrested in June 2009 for protesting the disputed re-election of president Ahmadinejad and convicted in 2010 of conspiring to "disturb security" and "spreading propaganda" against the Islamic Republic.

## Education

Aminzadeh received a B.Sc. in Mining Engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology in 1982. He entered Shahid Beheshti University in late 1990 and studied for a Masters in Political Science. He also has PhD in Political Science from Tehran University.

## Political career

In 1988, Aminzadeh was appointed the first head of a department dedicated to the press within the Ministry of Culture. He served as Deputy Foreign Minister from 1997–2005 under the reformist administration of Mohammad Khatami.

## Articles and Interviews

* ‘This War Will Have Only Losers’
* Iran Faces the World: Mohsen Aminzadeh Outlines His Country's Approach to a Number of International Issues
* Former Iranian Diplomat Condemns Military Ambitions, Suggests Reconciliation With US

## Arrest and imprisonment

BBC News and Amnesty International have described him as "a leading member" of the Islamic Iran Participation Front. According to the semiofficial ISNA news agency, Aminzadeh was head of the opposition coalition's headquarters in 2009. He was arrested in June 2009, amidst the 2009 Iranian election protests.
On February 8, 2010, ISNA reported that Aminzadeh had been sentenced to six years in prison by a Revolutionary court – making him one of the most senior of the 100 reform activists and politicians to be sentenced following the mass trial of the postelection crackdown.
According to Aminzadeh's lawyer, Abbas Shiri, his client was convicted of conspiring to "disturb security" and "spreading propaganda" against the regime. He was released on 18 September 2013.
# Tom Murphy (footballer, born 1998)

Tom Murphy is an Australian rules footballer who currently plays for the Frankston Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He previously played for North Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Murphy made his AFL debut in round 12, 2018, against the Brisbane Lions at Docklands Stadium, as a late replacement for Jarrad Waite.
He originally played for the Dandenong Stingrays in the TAC Cup. He trained with North Melbourne's Victorian Football League squad before he was drafted by North Melbourne with pick 4 in the 2017 rookie draft. Recruiting manager Mark Finnigan said that Murphy was selected for his penetrating kick and mix of speed and endurance. Murphy was delisted by North Melbourne at the end of the 2020 AFL season after a mass delisting by North Melbourne which saw 11 players cut from the team's list.
# Kumarapediya

Kumarapediya is a town located in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka at an altitude of 148 metres (488 feet).
7°23′00″N 80°18′00″E﻿ / ﻿7.38333°N 80.30000°E﻿ / 7.38333; 80.30000
* This North Western Province, Sri Lanka location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Diego Miranda

Diego Miranda (born 20 January 1986) is a Paraguayan football striker. He currently plays for Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy in Argentina.
# John Fowler (by 1520 – c. 1575)

John Fowler (by 1520 – c. 1575), of London, was an English Member of Parliament and courtier.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for New Shoreham in March 1553, Hythe in 1555, Winchelsea in 1558, Weymouth in 1559, and West Looe in 1563.
Fowler was a groom of the privy chamber to Edward VI. The Lord Protector, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset rewarded him with the post of Keeper of Petworth or Woolavington Park in Sussex. Fowler was heavily involved in helping Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley attempt to influence Edward VI, who was Seymour's nephew. Fowler wrote to Seymour with news of the court in July 1548. Edward VI was very interested in the progress of the siege of Haddington in Scotland and eagerly awaited letters forwarded by Somerset.
# Lars Aronsson

Lars Erik Aronsson (born 19 March 1966, Örebro, Sweden) is a Swedish programmer and consultant, and the founder of two Swedish web sites: the free electronic book archive Project Runeberg and the Swedish language wiki Susning.nu.
Aronsson was awarded "IP-priset" 2007 for his work with Project Runeberg, Susning.nu and Wikimedia Sverige. He has also attracted attention for his work with OpenStreetMap.
# Ebiet G. Ade

Haji Abid Ghoffar bin Aboe Dja’far or better known as Ebiet G. Ade (born in Wanadadi, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia on 21 April 1954) is an Indonesian singer-songwriter and guitarist of Javanese descent.

## Early life

Ebiet G. Ade was born in Wonodadi, Banjarnegara, Central Java on 21 April 1954. He lived in Yogyakarta since elementary school. During high school, he joined Pelajar Islam Indonesia. In 1971, he associated with artists Yogyakarta, including Emha Ainun Nadjib. He was interested in poetry and wanted to be a poet. However, he was unable to read poems properly. He instead sang his poems after adding melodies.

## Musical career
### Albums

In 1979, he released his first studio album, Camellia I. His voice is similar to John Denver and Said Effendi. Notable songs from this album were "Lagu untuk Sebuah Nama" ("Song for a Name"), "Pesta" ("Party") and "Camellia". The album was sold more than 2 million copies.
In 1995, Kupu-Kupu Kertas (Paper Butterflies) was released. In this album, Ebiet was helped by his fellow musicians, including Billy J. Budiardjo, Erwin Gutawa, Ian Antono and Purwacaraka. Rock music is dominant in this album.
In 2007, he released In Love: 25th Anniversary which was dedicated to his wife of 25 years. The album was released by Trinity Optima Production. During production, he was helped by Anto Hoed and his children. There are 15 singles from album Camellia I to Camellia 4 on this album.

### Singles

Most of Ebiet's songs are about disaster. In June 1978, Ebiet wrote "Berita Kepada Kawan" ("News for a Friend") after a poisonous gas disaster in Dieng Plateau. In 1981, he wrote "Sebuah Tragedi 1981" ("A Tragedy, 1981") regarding the sinking of KMP Tampomas II in the Masalembu Islands. After 1982 Galunggung eruption, he wrote "Untuk Kita Renungkan" ("For Us to Think About"), while the 1987 Bintaro train crash inspired him to write "Masih Ada Waktu" ("There is Still Time").
Another theme of his songs is love, such as in "Lagu Untuk Sebuah Nama", "Elegi Esok Pagi" ("Elegy for Tomorrow") and "Cinta di Kereta Biru Malam" ("Love on the Blue Night Train"), which is about a romantic relationship with a girl on a train.

### Awards

Rolling Stone Indonesia put his name into 50 Greatest Indonesian Singers.

## Personal life

He married Yayuk Sugianto (Koespudji Rahayu) in 1982. They have 4 children together, Abietyasakti Ksatria Kinasih, Aderaprabu Hantip Trengginas [id], Byatriasa Pakarti Linuwih and Segara Banyu Bening.

## Discography

* Camellia I (1979)
* Camellia II (1979)
* Camellia III (1980)
* Camellia 4 (1980)
* Langkah Berikutnya (1982)
* Tokoh-Tokoh (1982)
* 1984 (1984)
* Zaman (1985)
* Isyu! (1986)
* Menjaring Matahari (1987)
* Sketsa Rembulan Emas (1988)
* Seraut Wajah (1990)
* Kupu-Kupu Kertas (1995)
* Cinta Sebening Embun (1995)
* Aku Ingin Pulang (1996)
* Gamelan (1998)
* Balada Sinetron Cinta (2000)
* Bahasa Langit (2001)
* In Love: 25th Anniversary (2007)
* Masih Ada Waktu (2008)
* Serenade (2013)
# Koutoua Abia

Koutoua Francis Abia (born August 13, 1965) is an Ivorian sprint canoer who has competed since the early 1990s. At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, he was eliminated in the repechages of the K-2 500 m event. Four years later in Atlanta, Abia was eliminated in the repechages of the K-1 500 m event. At his third and most recent Summer Olympics in Beijing, he was eliminated in the first round in both the K-1 500 m and the K-1 1000 m events.
# Rissoa monodonta

Rissoa monodonta is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Rissoidae.
# Peter Beck (luger)

Peter Beck (born 9 July 1965) is a Liechtensteiner luger. He competed in the men's singles event at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# Allan Cole (footballer)

Allan Cole (born 14 October 1950), often called "Skill" for short, is a Jamaican former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as striker.

## Career

Cole played in the NASL with the Atlanta Chiefs, and in Brazil with Náutico.
He also represented the Jamaica national team at international level. appearing in three FIFA World Cup qualifying matches for them. During his career, he was Jamaica's "most celebrated player".

## Music

In addition to his football career, Cole was also the tour manager of the Jamaican reggae star Bob Marley and his band The Wailers during the 1970s. He was credited as co-writing the 1976 song "War".
# Sheree Wingard

Sheree Wingard (born 18 August 1988) is an Australian netball player in the ANZ Championship, playing for the Adelaide Thunderbirds. She started her netball career playing for a small, but successful club, Cheerio Eagles. She is also a student studying Primary and Junior Primary Teaching.
# Federico Acuña (footballer)

Federico Acuña (born 25 March 1985) is a Paraguayan football centre-back. He currently plays for Tacuary F.B.C.

## Career

Acuña started his playing career in 2004 with Sportivo Luqueño. In 2005, he joined General Caballero, and in 2006, he transferred to Tacuary.
In 2007, Acuña joined Vélez Sársfield of the Argentine Primera for a trial period that lasted the whole pre-season. However, he was not signed by Vélez and instead joined Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy. He returned to Paraguay to play for Guaraní in 2009.
# Alf Boyce

Alfred George Boyce (3 March 1895 – 3 June 1977) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the South Melbourne Football Club and Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Szkody-Kolonia

Szkody-Kolonia (German: Friedensruh) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Piska, within Pisz County Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in Northern Poland.
# Philippe Souanga

Philippe Souanga (born August 2, 1984, in Marcory, Ivory Coast) is an Ivorian footballer who currently plays for AS Denguele.
# Rainer Gassner

Rainer Gassner (born 31 July 1958) is a Liechtensteiner luger. He competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics and the 1980 Winter Olympics.
# Peter Isaacs

Peter Isaacs (born 18 August 1968) is a former Jamaican soccer forward.

## Youth

Isaacs grew up in Kingston and attended Wolmer's School, where he was spotted by scouts from Howard University who recruited him to play at the university. He attended Howard from 1986 to 1989, playing on the men's soccer team. In 1988, Howard went to the NCAA championship game only to fall to Indiana. In 1989, Isaacs capped his collegiate career by being named a first team All American and a finalist for the Hermann Trophy.

## Professional

On 26 July 1990, the Dallas Sidekicks drafted Isaacs in the first round (seventh overall) of the Major Indoor Soccer League draft. However, a month earlier, on 26 June 1990, the San Francisco Bay Blackhawks of the American Professional Soccer League (APSL) had signed Isaacs to a two-year contract. He remained with the team through the 1993 season, after which the team folded. He then moved to Mexican Second Division club Irapuato for the 1993–1994 season. In 1994, he was back in the U.S. playing with the Fort Lauderdale Strikers of APSL. However, the Strikers folded at the end of the season. In 1995, he played for the Tampa Bay Cyclones in the USISL. On 6 April 1995, Major League Soccer signed Isaacs and in January 1996, the Kansas City Wiz selected him in the second round (sixteenth overall) of the 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft. However, Isaacs never played for the Wiz. In 1998, he spent one season with the Miami Breakers.

## International

Isaacs earned at least 15 caps with Jamaica national team, scoring four goals.
He now coaches middle school soccer and in his spare time writes articles, one which was published by the Sun Sentinel in 2009.
# Chin Hsiao-hui

Chin Hsiao-hui (traditional Chinese: 金筱輝; simplified Chinese: 金筱辉; pinyin: Jīn Xiǎohuī; born 17 April 1951) is a Taiwanese politician. He currently serves as the Deputy Minister of the Veterans Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan.
# Carrie Worthley

Carrie Worthley (born 10 January 1983) is an Australian netball player. Worthley played for the Adelaide Thunderbirds in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy (2001–2007), and in the inaugural ANZ Championship season in 2008.
# Carlos Báez (footballer, born 1982)

Carlos Báez Appleyard (born 12 June 1982 in Asunción, Paraguay) is a Paraguay former football defender.
# Bill Hicks (footballer)

Bill Hicks (18 September 1899 – 21 September 1962) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Satondella azonata

Satondella azonata is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Scissurellidae, the little slit snails.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off New Zealand.
# Alex Somian

Mouhoubé Alex Somian (born 6 June 1986 in Abidjan) is an Ivorian footballer who plays for Kazma in Kuwaiti Premier League.

## Club career

Somian played for Jeunesse Club d'Abidjan and Stella Club d'Adjamé in the Ivory Coast Premier Soccer League, before being bought by ES Setif of Algeria in 2007. Somian showed good performances in his first year in the Algerian League and was quickly bought by CR Belouizdad from ES Setif. Somian was named the most valuable player in Algerian League in 2008.
On January 2, Somian signed for Kuwaiti Premier League side Kazma.
He currently plays for Stade Tunisien in the Tunisian Ligue 1.
# Punctulum wyvillethomsoni

Punctulum wyvillethomsoni is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in European waters and in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 3.8 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 95 m. Maximum recorded depth is 300 m.
# Konstantin Ritter

Konstantin Ritter (born 22 April 1964) is a Liechtensteiner cross-country skier. He competed at the 1984 Winter Olympics and the 1988 Winter Olympics.
# Andrew Myers (cyclist)

Andrew Myers (born 19 December 1968) is a Jamaican former cyclist. He competed in two events at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Lumbriculus variegatus

Lumbriculus variegatus, also known as the blackworm or California blackworm or Australian Blackworm, is a species of worm inhabiting North America, Europe, and Australia. It lives in shallow-water marshes, ponds, and swamps, feeding on microorganisms and organic material. The maximum length of a specimen is 10 cm (3.9 in). Worms raised in laboratory environment are slightly shorter, with 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in) long bodies. An adult individual has approximately 150 to 250 1.5 mm wide segments, each of which has the ability to regenerate into a new individual when separated from the rest of the animal. In most populations, this is the primary mode of reproduction, and mature individuals are exceedingly rare; in large areas (including Asia, most of North America and the greater part of Europe) mature individuals have never been found. The name blackworm is given to at least three distinct species of worm that are identical in appearance and were once considered a single species.

## Characteristics

Among the characteristics of the genus is a green pigmentation of the anterior end, its two-pointed setae, and its curious reflex escape mechanisms. When touched, L. variegatus will attempt to escape, either by swimming in a helical ("cork-screw") fashion, or by reversing its body. The escape pattern used depends on where the worm is touched: anterior touch elicits body reversal, whereas posterior touch triggers helical swimming. L. variegatus has quick reflexes, and uses its photo-receptors to detect shadows and movement, both used to escape threats. The posterior end lifts out of the water and forms a right angle. It is then exposed to air and is used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, although this exposes its posterior to its enemies. If the photo-receptors detect a shadow or movement, the posterior rapidly shortens in response to a threat.

## Reproduction

Regeneration in L. variegatus follows a set pattern which was studied by the Russian embryologist Piotr Ivanov. If the regenerating segment originated less than eight segments from the anterior tip, this number of segments are regenerated; if, however, the segment was originally from a more posterior position, only eight segments are regenerated. Posterior to the segment, a variable number of segments are regenerated, and the original segment undergoes transformation to become suited to the new, often more anterior position. L. variegatus is presumed to be holarctic in distribution, although in East Asia and North America (and perhaps other places as well), it is probably replaced by the other species of the genus (many of which are known from very small areas; L. illex, for instance, is known only from three individuals found in a stream north of Vladivostok). Mature L. variegatus specimens can easily be identified by a number of genital characters, but as few of the species in the genus ever become sexually mature, it is often difficult to do so. A physical description of L. variegatus is, to a large extent, valid for the entire genus.
# Tomás Guzmán

Tomás Andrés Guzmán Gaytán, known as Tomás Guzmán, (born 7 March 1982 in Asunción) is a retired Paraguayan football striker.

## Club career

Guzmán joined the Juventus youth system, one of the best youth systems in the world, from Presidente Hayes. In March 2002 he was handed a start against Arsenal in the UEFA Champions League due to Juventus rotating their squad having already qualified for the next round. Juventus won 1–0. He was then loaned out in 2002 to gain experience at Ternana. For the 2003–04 season, he was again loaned out, but this time to Messina. After Messina were promoted to Serie A, Juventus opted to loan him out to Serie B side Crotone. After a successful year with Crotone he was loaned out to Serie A side Siena for the 2005–06 Serie A season, along with several other Juventus players such as Nicola Legrottaglie, and Matteo Paro. When Juventus were relegated to Serie B for the Calciopoli scandal in 2006, Guzmán re-joined the Old Lady in their quest to return to the Italian top flight and signed a contract extension to June 2010. At Juventus, Guzmán had the oppritunity to work alongside fellow strikers and world champions Alessandro Del Piero and David Trezeguet, along with Marcelo Zalayeta, Valeri Bojinov, Raffaele Palladino, and Sebastian Giovinco. After not finding much playing time at Juventus, he was loaned out to Spezia for the remainder of the 2006–07 Serie B season. After a decent time with Spezia, he was farmed to Piacenza Calcio for the 2007–08 Serie B season, in co-ownership deal.

## International career

Guzmán played for Paraguay at the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship.
# Swan Peak Formation

The Swan Peak Formation is a geologic formation in Utah. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ordovician period.
# Ernie Watson (footballer, born 1896)

Ernie Watson (3 December 1896 – 2 May 1976) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Sinezona platyspira

Sinezona platyspira is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Scissurellidae, the little slit snails.
# Douhou Pierre

Douhou Sey Djidja Pierre (born 21 December 1987) is an Ivorian professional footballer who last played as an attacking midfielder for DSK Shivajians in the I-League.

## Career
### Early career

Born in Abidjan, Douhou started his career at the JMG Academy which was founded by former France international Jean-Marc Guillou. While at the academy, Douhou played with future Ivorian internationals, such as Emmanuel Eboué and Salomon Kalou. He then went off to Thailand and Vietnam to train at those branches of the JMG Academy, where he then went on to play for True Sport Arsenal CF in Thailand.
Douhou's professional career began in 2007, when he signed for Hoàng Anh Gia Lai of the V.League 1, where he stayed for six months before signing for Mahindra United in the I-League of India.

### Pune

In 2009, Douhou signed for Pune in the I-League. After playing for the club in the 2009–10 season, Douhou left football for a season. He returned to the club on 13 September 2011. At the end of the 2011–12 I-League season, Douhou was voted "Pune FC Player of The Year".

### Salgaocar

On 9 May 2014, Douhou signed for Salgaocar, after spending five years with Pune.

## Honours

Mahindra United
* Durand Cup: 2008
Individual
* Pune FC Player of The Year: 2011–12