OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mawddwy

Mawddwy is a community in the county of Gwynedd, Wales, and is 88.3 miles (142.2 km) from Cardiff and 172.8 miles (278.0 km) from London. In 2011 the population of Mawddwy was 622 with 59.5% of them able to speak Welsh. It is one of the largest and most sparsely populated communities in Wales.

## History

Mawddwy was a medieval commote in the cantref of Cynan of the Kingdom of Powys. Cynan also contained the commote of Cyfeiliog. Other sources refer to Cyfeiliog as a cantref in its own right, possibly as a result of Cynan being renamed for the largest commote within it. The town of Dinas Mawddwy and villages of Mallwyd, Aberangell, and Llanymawddwy are within the community of Mawddwy. It is a very hilly region stretching across the pass of Bwlch y Groes, from Bala Lake to Cadair Idris. The rocks date back to the Cambrian Period and slate, silver and lead have been mined here.
In the late 1230s the Commute of Mawddwy was held by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, illegitimate son of Llywelyn Fawr.
In the cantref of Cynan, lies the village of Mallwyd, "delightfully situated between the salient angles of three abrupt mountains", near the old boundary between the counties of Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire. Dr. John Davies lived here in the mid-seventeenth century; he was involved with Bishop Parry of St Asaph in the translation of the bible into the Welsh language.
This was the region of the Red Bandits of Mawddwy. These were a band of red-haired robbers, highwaymen or footpads from the area of Mawddwy in Mid Wales in the 16th century, who became famous in folk literature. They are said to have committed arson, robbery and murder, stealing great herds of cattle and driving them off into the hills. They ambushed and murdered the Sheriff of Meirionnydd, Baron Lewis ap Owen on 12 October 1555, but were later apprehended and executed.
# Edwin Miranda

Edwin Vladimir Miranda (born January 28, 1981) is a retired Salvadoran footballer.

## Career
### College

Miranda grew up in Los Angeles, California, and played four years of college soccer at Cal State-Northridge, where he was twice named Big West Conference Defender of the Year.

### Professional

Miranda was drafted in the sixth round (54th overall) by Dallas Burn in the 2004 MLS SuperDraft. Miranda was unable work his way into the Dallas first team squad, and transferred to the Portland Timbers of the USL First Division for the 2004 season. After two seasons with the Timbers, Miranda transferred to the Puerto Rico Islanders.
In early 2009 it was announced that the Islanders and Miranda had decided to mutually part ways, as they could not come to an agreement as to the players salary. On April 12, 2009, Miranda signed a one-year contract with USL First Division team Miami FC, and played 25 games before being released at the end of the season.
He signed for the Hollywood United Hitmen of the USL Premier Development League in 2010, and played in 16 games for the team, helping them to the 2010 PDL playoffs. Following the conclusion of the 2010 PDL season Miranda returned to the Puerto Rico Islanders, playing four regular season games for Tropa Naranja towards the end of their successful championship-winning USSF D-2 Pro League campaign.
Miranda signed with USL Pro club Los Angeles Blues on April 7, 2011. He scored one goal in 18 games for the Blues, but was released by the team following the conclusion of the 2011 USL Pro season, and subsequently signed to play for the Los Angeles Misioneros in the USL Premier Development League in 2012. He made his debut for his new club on April 22, a 4-1 opening-day loss to Fresno Fuego.

### International

Miranda received his first called up to the El Salvador national football team in December 2008. He received his first cap on January 24, 2009, in a UNCAF Nations Cup match against Belize when he came on as a late sub for Salvador Coreas.

## Honors
### Puerto Rico Islanders

* USSF Division 2 Pro League Champions (1): 2010
* USL First Division Commissioner's Cup (1): 2008
# Austropyrgus tateiformis

Austropyrgus tateiformis is a species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the Hydrobiidae family. This species is endemic to northwestern Tasmania, Australia. It is only known from its type locality near Arthur River.
# Dutch withdrawal from the European Union

Dutch withdrawal from the European Union (colloquially "Nexit", a portmanteau of "Netherlands" and "exit") refers to the hypothesis that the Netherlands might withdraw from the European Union. The most recent opinion poll on the subject, in January 2020, showed a 33% minority favouring withdrawal.

## Political initiatives

Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte called the possibility of a referendum "utterly irresponsible" and dangerous to the country. Political parties that are Hard Eurosceptic or calling for a referendum on European Union membership are the right-wing populist Party for Freedom and Forum for Democracy.

## Public opinion

| Date(s) conducted | Polling Firm | Sample | Remain | Leave | Undecided | Lead |
| August 2024 | LISS | 1,276 | 70% | 10% | — | 60% |
| 5–9 June 2020 | I&O Research | 1,638 | 75% | 25% | — | 50% |
| 19–24 April 2019 | I&O Research | 2,510 | 72% | 16% | 12% | 56% |
| 25–28 March 2019 | EenVandaag | 27,652 | 64% | 29% | 7% | 37% |
| 18–22 January 2019 | I&O Research | 2,510 | 72% | 18% | 10% | 54% |
| 11–13 September 2018 | Ipsos | 1,017 | 55% | 21% | 24% | 34% |
| 6 March – 7 April 2017 | Pew Research | 1,006 | 80% | 18% | 2% | 62% |
| 5–7 July 2016 | EenVandaag | 25,681 | 53% | 39% | 8% | 14% |
| 23 June 2016 | The United Kingdom votes to leave the EU. | The United Kingdom votes to leave the EU. | The United Kingdom votes to leave the EU. | The United Kingdom votes to leave the EU. | The United Kingdom votes to leave the EU. | The United Kingdom votes to leave the EU. |
| 10–20 June 2016 | EenVandaag | 27,000 | 45% | 48% | 7% | 3% |
| 27–31 May 2016 | TNS Public Affairs | 981 | 49% | 33% | 18% | 16% |
| 4–7 March 2016 | I&O Research | 2,510 | 67% | 22% | 11% | 45% |

## Polling

A poll in the Netherlands by the Pew Research Center in June 2016, conducted before the British referendum which led to the withdrawal of the UK from the EU, found 51% of the Dutch respondents to have a positive view of the European Union and 46% a negative view. Another poll by peil.nl in the aftermath of the 2016 British referendum found 50% of the respondents to be against a similar referendum in their country, with 46% of those in favour of remaining in the EU compared to 43% overall against remaining.
# Kinmen County Council

The Kinmen County Council (KMCC; traditional Chinese: 金門縣議會; simplified Chinese: 金门县议会; pinyin: Jīnmén Xiàn Yìhuì) is the elected county council of Kinmen County, Republic of China. The council composes of 19 councilors lastly elected through the 2022 Republic of China local election on 26 November 2022.

## Speakers

* Wang Zai-sheng (KMT) (1 March 2010-25 December 2014)
* Hung Li-ping (KMT) (25 December 2014-24 December 2018)
* Hung Yun-tien (KMT) (25 December 2018-incumbent)

## Deputy Speakers

* Xu Jianzhong (KMT) (1 March 2010-25 December 2014)
* Shieh Tung-long (KMT) (25 December 2014-24 December 2018)
* Zhou Zijie (Independent) (25 December 2018-24 December 2022)
* Au Yang Yi-xong (KMT) (25 December 2022-incumbent)
# Ingersoll Machine Tools

Ingersoll Machine Tools is a manufacturer located in Rockford, Illinois that produces large scale machine tools for use in metal cutting, 3D Printing, and automated fiber placement.

## History

The company was founded in 1891 by Winthrop Ingersoll when he moved W.R. Eynon & Co. from Cleveland, Ohio to Rockford. Originally, Ingersoll Machine Tools focused almost entirely on milling machinery and processes for metal removal. It acquired contracts from General Electric and, by 1917, was closely involved with wartime production and had a workforce of 600.
Ingersoll went on to produce customized machines for industries such as airplane and auto manufacturing. In the period from the 1960s to the 1980s, the company employed around 2,000 people at its plant, also developing CNC technologies to introduce automation into its manufacturing processes.

## Bankruptcy

In 2003, Ingersoll International went bankrupt. The company was purchased by the Italian Camozzi Group. Since its purchase by Camozzi, the company has attempted to redefine its place in the market, continuing with milling machines but also expanding into other areas.

## Present activities

Ingersoll Machine Tools is a supplier of machine tools, including large five axis milling machines, large 3D Printers, and automated fiber placement (AFP) for the aerospace industry. It has made the wing molds for Mitsubishi, supplier of the wings on the Boeing 787. In 2010, it received Best Supplier Award from Alenia Aeronautica.
Ingersoll's AFP machines are also installed at UTC Aerospace Systems' (formerly Goodrich Corporation) facilities in Riverside, California. At this facility, the machines are used to layup the engine nacelles for the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350.
Ingersoll has also continued working in the metal cutting industry, with much of its contract production being for the Defense, Aerospace, and wind industry. It has also sold machinery to NASA.
In addition to building machine tools, Ingersoll has built and installed large telescopes for Astronomy research. Most recently, they were selected to build the mount for the Giant Magellan Telescope, which will be installed in Chile.

## Recognition

In 2019, the Guinness Book of Worlds Records certified that Ingersoll has produced the World's Largest 3D Printer. The product, named MasterPrint, was installed at the University of Maine.
Ingersoll Machine Tools was awarded the 2020 Manufacturer of the Year by the Rockford, Illinois Chamber of Commerce.
# Brett Hollister

Brett James Hollister (born 19 May 1966) is a former New Zealand rowing cox who won an Olympic bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Since 2004, he had held management positions for rugby union and is the current chief executive officer of the North Harbour Rugby Union
Hollister was born in 1966 in Rotorua, New Zealand. He received his education at Westlake Boys High School. He later joined the Waikato Rowing Club.
In 1983 he coxed the crew of Conrad Robertson, Greg Johnston, Keith Trask, and Les O'Connell when they won the coxed four in Duisburg at the World Championships. Together with Kevin Lawton, Don Symon, Barrie Mabbott and Ross Tong Hollister won the bronze medal in the coxed fours at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. He is listed as New Zealand Olympian athlete number 447 by the New Zealand Olympic Committee. In 1984 and 1985, he won four New Zealand national rowing championship titles. At the 1985 World Rowing Championships, he came fourth with the New Zealand eight. On a national level, he was a triple national champion in the 1984/85 season in the eight, the coxed four, and the coxed pair.
After his rowing career, Hollister worked for Nike New Zealand (1991–1999), PRISM (1999–2000), Telecom New Zealand (2000–2004), and the Canterbury Rugby Football Union (2004–2006). Since 2006, Hollister has been chief executive officer of the North Harbour Rugby Union.
# Barry Cougle

Barry Cougle (28 May 1938 – 13 April 2018) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Management Education & Research Institute

Management Education & Research Institute (MERI) is a private college established in 1995, affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and located in Janakpuri, Delhi. MERI is recognised as non-government unaided institute under section 2(f) by UGC. Admission to MERI (except for PGDM programme) is through the Common Entrance Test (CET) conducted by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University.

## Recognition and accreditation

MERI has been accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with an "A" grade. The institute offers MBA, BBA,B.COM,BCA,BA(JMC)PGDM full-time courses.
# Anthony I, Count of Oldenburg

Anthony I, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst (1505 – 22 January 1573) was a member of the House of Oldenburg and was the Imperial Count of the Counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst within the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation. His parents were John V, Count of Oldenburg (1460–1525) and Anna of Anhalt-Zerbst.

## Life

Anthony I was the youngest son of John V. He had a long-running dispute with his brothers John VI, George, and Christopher about who would be the sole ruler of the County of Oldenburg. In 1529, he became the regent of the county. In 1531, Emperor Charles V enfeoffed him with the County of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst.
In 1547, during the Schmalkaldic War, he conquered the Castle and Lordship of Delmenhorst, which had been lost to Münster in 1482.
He strengthened the defenses of his county by expanding his fortresses. He paid for these construction projects from the proceeds of church properties he had stolen during the Reformation. The Order of St. John sued him about their stolen possessions; after a lengthy trial, Anthony prevailed.
With the assistance of farmers from Stadland and Butjadingen, which his father had conquered in 1514, he managed to gain a large amount of fertile territory by constructing levees around some wetlands in the Jade Bight. He constructed several large manors to manage this new land.
In 1566, his brother Christopher died, and Anthony became the sole ruler of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst.
Anthony I died in Oldenburg in 1573 and was succeeded by his son John VII.

## Marriage and issue

Anthony married on 1 January 1537 in Oldenburg, to Duchess Sophie of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 7 October 1571 in Oevelgönne), the daughter of Duke Magnus I and Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. They had the following children:
* Catherine of Oldenburg (8 August 1538 – 1 February 1620); married in 1561 to Albert II, Count of Hoya (1526 – 18 March 1563).
* Anna of Oldenburg (3 April 1539 – 25 August 1579); married on 16 February 1566 to John Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (20 December 1532 – 28 October 1586).
* John VII, Count of Oldenburg (9 September 1540 – 12 November 1603); married in 1576 to Elisabeth of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (13 April 1541 – 26 December 1612).
* Christian of Oldenburg (7 November 1544 – 6 August 1570)
* Clara of Oldenburg (1 November 1547 – 30 May 1598)
* Anthony II, Count of Oldenburg (8 September 1550 – 25 October 1619); married in 1600 to Sibylle Elisabeth of Brunswick-Dannenberg (4 June 1576 – 9 July 1630).
# Pedro Romero (footballer)

Pedro Romero Precord (12 August 1937 – 12 March 2018) was a Mexican football midfielder who played for Mexico in the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Deportivo Toluca. Romero died in 12 March 2018, at the age of 80.
# Chloé LaDuchesse

Chloé LaDuchesse is a Canadian poet from Sudbury, Ontario, whose collection Exosquelette was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry at the 2021 Governor General's Awards, and the 2022 winner of the Trillium Book Award for French Poetry.
LaDuchesse published her first collection, Furies, in 2017, and was a Trillium nominee in 2018. She served as the poet laureate of the City of Greater Sudbury from 2018 to 2020, although her time in the position was marked by a minor controversy when the city rescinded its invitation for her to read the poem she had written for the inauguration ceremony for the new Greater Sudbury City Council following the 2018 Greater Sudbury municipal election.
LaDuchesse published her debut novel L'Incendiare de Sudbury in 2022. It was selected for inclusion in the 2023 edition of Le Combat des livres, where it was defended by journalist Brigitte Noël.
# Andrew Lusk Shields

Andrew Lusk Shields (c. 1882 – 24 July 1944) was a Scottish businessman and politician in Hong Kong. He died as a prisoner of war following the surrender of Hong Kong in 1941.

## Life

Shields was born in about 1882. He joined Shewan, Tomes & Co. and succeeded Robert Shewan as a partner of the firm. He was also chairman of the Sandakan Light and Power Co. and had been on the board of directors of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation. He was elected chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce in 1938.
He was an unofficial member of the Legislative Council from 1938 to 1941 as representative of the Chamber of Commerce and was appointed to the Executive Council in April 1941. During his time on the Legislative Council, taxation was hotly debated. Shields, representing the Chamber of Commerce's interest, opposed the government's Income Tax Bill for the raising of revenue for war.
Shields was a keen sailor. He was the commodore of the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club between 1927 and 1928, and was elected again in 1932, serving until 1936. He was also appointed honorary commander of the Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force in January 1934. He was a member of the Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Advisory Committee.
Shields was also president of the St. Andrew's Society, a club for Scotsmen in Hong Kong, in 1932 and elected chief-captain in 1933.
He held public offices including, among others, member of the Volunteer Advisory Committee and Appeal Tribunal under the Compulsory Service Ordinance, and acted as a member of the Authorized Architects Consulting Committee, the Shipping Control Board, and as the chairman of the Essential Commodities Board during the absence of Stanley Hudson Dodwell.
During the Battle of Hong Kong, he was escorted through the Japanese lines from the Repulse Bay Hotel and gave Major-General Christopher Maltby an account of the Japanese forces and equipment. He tried to persuade Maltby to surrender but Maltby decided to fight on. Hong Kong finally surrendered on 25 December 1941 which is now referred to as "Black Christmas".
Shields became a prisoner of war and died at the Stanley Internment Camp on 24 July 1944 at the age of 62. His wife was repatriated with the Canadians.
# Ein Sarid

Ein Sarid (Hebrew: עֵין שָׂרִיד, lit. 'Survivor Spring') is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lev HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,638.

## History

Before the 20th century the area formed part of the Forest of Sharon. It was an open woodland dominated by Mount Tabor Oak, which extended from Kfar Yona in the north to Ra'anana in the south. The local inhabitants traditionally used the area for pasture, firewood and intermittent cultivation. The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the coastal plain during the 19th century, under the Ottoman Empire led to deforestation and subsequent environmental degradation.
The village was founded in 1950 as a ma'abara. It was expanded in 1989 and again in 1994; the new part becoming known as Ein Sarid HaHadasha (lit. 'New Ein Sarid').
# Brian Sharp

Ronald Brian John Sharp (21 December 1939 – 13 March 2004) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Pennal

Pennal is a village and community on the A493 road in southern Gwynedd, Wales, on the north bank of the River Dyfi, near Machynlleth.
It lies in the historic county of Merionethshire (Welsh: Sir Feirionnydd) and is within the Snowdonia National Park.

## Roman fort

It was the site of a small Roman fort, known as Cefn Caer in Welsh, probably guarding a ford or ferry crossing of the Dyfi on the Sarn Helen Roman road. The remains of the fort lie under the 14th-century house of Cefn Caer, overlooking the village.

## Price Family of Esgair Weddan

Just outside Pennal is the farmstead of 'Esgair Weddan' which from the 14th century until the mid 18th was the home of the Price (ap Rhys) family of Esgair Weddan, patrilineal descendants of Dafydd ap Llywelyn, son of Llywelyn fawr (the great) Prince of Wales (1240–1246). Their home was called Plas yn y Rofft in Elizabethan times and was located in a field behind the present farmhouse above the village of Cwrt, (originally Pont y Cwrt), meaning "court", near to Mynydd Esgairweddan.

## Owain Glyndŵr

Pennal is known for its historical association with Owain Glyndŵr. In Pennal Owain composed the Pennal Letter of 1406, a letter to the King of France setting out his plans for an independent Wales – the only document which stands as a policy document for an independent Wales in the Middle Ages. The letter was briefly returned to Wales from France for an exhibition at the National Library of Wales in 2000, and a campaign has started for it to be returned permanently to Wales and be put on show at the National Assembly building in Cardiff.

## Anwyl Family of Llugwy

Just outside Pennal, on the banks of the Dyfi opposite the hamlet of Morben, is "Llugwy", the home of the Anwyl family since 1682. This family have patrilinear descent from Rhodri Mawr through Anarawd, his eldest son, and Owain Gwynedd (king of Gwynedd c.1137 – 1170) to the present day.

## Recent history

In the early 19th century there were quays on the Dyfi where slate from the quarries around Corris, Aberllefenni and Abergynolwyn was brought by packhorse for loading onto seagoing vessels. This trade died out when the Corris Railway to Machynlleth and the Talyllyn Railway to Tywyn were built. The Cwm Ebol quarry operated a mile north west of the village between 1868 and around 1906. A 3 ft (914 mm) gauge tramway (later converted to 2 ft (610 mm) gauge) operated between the quarry and the village. Between 1918 and 1920 part of the tramway was reused in another 2 ft (610 mm) gauge railway, serving timber felling operations at Cwm Dwr, two miles north of the village. The early internal combustion locomotive Baguley 774 was used on the line.
The village also has a place in music history, as it was at nearby Bron-Yr-Aur cottage that Robert Plant was living when he wrote the Led Zeppelin classic, "Stairway to Heaven".
# Rolf Lidberg

Rolf Lidberg Jonas (May 26, 1930 in Järkvissle, Sweden – 15 February 2005) was a Swedish artist and botanist, best known for his watercolor paintings and books with paintings of trolls depicting their life near Sweden's Indal river. In his illustrations, his trolls were very human, and usually occupied with something in nature, such as berry or mushroom picking, fishing, or gazing up in the sky. His books have been translated into 12 different languages.
Lidberg's main interest was botany, especially orchids and fungi. He was also a founder of a local mycological society in 1970, traveled around Europe to paint and draw vegetation, and spent long periods in Sicily, where he became an honorary citizen of the city Geraci Siculo.
Lidberg was known for having had hunchback and big beard, closely resembling the trolls that were one of his favorite subjects for illustration. He even named one of his famous troll illustrations, "Self-Portrait." In the early 1980s, Swedish national television channel SVT broadcast a series of three programs on Rolf Lidberg, titled, "A Man and His Flowers."
# Alvania subcrenulata

Alvania subcrenulata is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Description

The length of shell varies between 2.5 mm and 4 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea off Capri, Sicily, Corsica and Greece.