OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khawak Pass

Khawak Pass (elevation 3,848 m (12,625 ft)) sits across the route heading to the northwest from near the head of the Panjshir Valley through the Hindu Kush range to northern Afghanistan via Andarab and Baghlan.
This is the route traditionally thought to have been followed by Alexander the Great in the spring of 329 BCE when he led his army from the Kabul Valley across the mountains to Bactria (later Tokharistan in the north). Vincent Smith states that Alexander took his troops across both the Khāwak and the Kaoshān or Kushan Pass. According to some scholars, there is no proof of this.
The Khāwak is most probably the pass used by the famous Chinese Buddhist pilgrim monk, Xuanzang, on his return from India to China in the early 7th century. In 1333, the Moroccan explorer and traveler Ibn Battuta crossed the pass on his journey to India. When dictating his account over twenty years later he remembered spreading felt cloth in front of his camels to prevent them sinking into the snow.
The Khāwak was also crossed by Timur (1336–1405), and by Captain John Wood on his return journey to the sources of the Oxus in the mid-19th century. It was the easternmost pass leading from the Kabul Valley into northern Afghanistan, and the most popular pass of this region.
This pass, so important for the early history of Afghanistan, is now for the most part bypassed by the paved road that runs through the Salang tunnel under the Salang Pass, completed by the Soviets in 1964, at an elevation of about 3,400 m (11,200 ft). It links Charikar and Kabul with Kunduz, Khulm, Mazari Sharif and Termez.

## Climate

Khawak pass is a high mountain pass at an altitude of 3,848 metres (12,625 ft) above sea level and the climate is extremely harsh.
According to the Köppen climate classification, the pass has a tundra climate (ET) with cold to bitterly cold weather year-round.
Climate data for Khawak Pass (1988-2017) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −23.7 (−10.7) | −21.2 (−6.2) | −14.8 (5.4) | −7.8 (18.0) | −3.0 (26.6) | 1.4 (34.5) | 3.7 (38.7) | 2.8 (37.0) | −1.5 (29.3) | −7.6 (18.3) | −14.8 (5.4) | −21.2 (−6.2) | −9.0 (15.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 68.4 (2.69) | 99.8 (3.93) | 98.6 (3.88) | 93.8 (3.69) | 64.7 (2.55) | 24.8 (0.98) | 20.7 (0.81) | 19.4 (0.76) | 12.9 (0.51) | 30.8 (1.21) | 40.6 (1.60) | 48.3 (1.90) | 622.8 (24.51) |
| Source: ClimateCharts.net ||||||||||||||

## Footnotes

* ↑ Hill (2009), pp. 560, 563.
* ↑ Smith (1914), p. 49.
* ↑ Vogelsang (2002), p. 9, n. 16; Hill (2009), pp. 564, 563
* ↑ Vogelsang (2002), p. 174.
* ↑ Wood (1872), p. lxiv (Xuanzang written as Hwen Thsang); Yule 1913, p. 258 (Xuanzang written as Hiuen Tsang)
* ↑ Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1855, pp. 84-85; Gibb 1971, pp. 586–587; Dunn 2005, p. 178
* ↑ Verma (1978), pp. 86 and nn. 155, 156; 264.
* ↑ https://climatecharts.net/. Retrieved 3 March 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
# Jim Broockmann

James Broockmann (6 May 1936 – 31 October 2011) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# CoStone Capital

CoStone Capital (CoStone; Chinese: 基石资本; pinyin: Jīshí Zīběn) is a Chinese investment firm headquartered in Shenzhen. The firm focuses on venture capital and private equity investments.

## Background

CoStone was founded in 2001 as one of the earliest investment firms in China at the time.
Since its establishment, CoStone's rationale for selecting industries to invest in depends on the general direction of China's economic development. Therefore, its core investment areas have always been industries that can achieve high growth. It is considered taboo to simply follow the current trends and chase what is currently popular. A focused approach is taken rather than diversified approach to investing which allows CoStone to obtain high returns by limiting the number of companies to invest in. When selecting companies, CoStone believes they should have no black boxes with regards to core technologies and the founding team should be able to serve customers without issues. Rather than financials or macroeconomics, importance is placed on a company's behavior and management. CoStone has developed its own technology investment team consisting of experienced individuals from the industry to understand core technologies of companies better.
The firm uses a partnership structure to curb investment risks.
In the early 2000s, CoStone made investments in the construction machinery industry. This came after China became a member of the World Trade Organization in 2001 leading to heavy industrialization of the country. By 2009 while China continued industrialization, CoStone took the initiative to invest in more advanced fields such as technology and healthcare. For example, CoStone invested in SenseTime in 2016 when artificial intelligence had only started being exposed to the public such as the games from AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol.
As of 2021, 40% of CoStone's capital had been invested in technology companies with multiple projects being listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange STAR Market. Notable investments include OmniVision Technologies, Mindray, MGI, 4Paradigm, CloudWalk Technology and Royole. CoStone also held a 15% stake in Morgan Stanley's China joint venture, Morgan Stanley Huaxin Funds which it sold to Morgan Stanley in 2021.
# Kevin Gleeson

Kevin Gleeson (18 September 1930 – 18 September 2010) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Gleeson kicked 27 goals from seven games in 1950 and 61 goals in 1951 for Benalla, then Gleeson kicked 106 goals for Rutherglen Football Club in the Ovens and Murray Football League in 1952.
Gleeson won Richmond's Reserves goal kicking award in 1953 with 40 goals.
Gleeson returned to Rutherglen and played in their 1954 O&MFL premiership and kicked 63 goals for the season.
Gleeson was captain-coach of Ganmain Football Club in the South West Football League (New South Wales) in 1958, in which they finished 4th, losing their first semi final to Narrandera.
# Frank Slater

Colin Frank Slater (12 April 1934 – 17 May 2000) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Slater played at Ringwood for three years in the Eastern Suburban Football League, then onto Richmond in 1953.
Slater won the Richmond reserves best and fairest in 195
Slater was captain-coach of Redcliffe in the Sunraysia Football League from 1957 to 1961, coaching them to a flag in 1959 and runners up in 1960.
Slater then coached Tatura in the Goulburn Valley Football League in 1961 and 1962, before taking on the captain-coach role at Mangoplah in 1963.
# Kevin Bradley (Australian footballer)

Kevin Lawrence Bradley (27 October 1931 – 8 February 2013) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon and Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Northeast Malakula language

Northeast Malakula, or Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin, is a dialect chain spoken on the islands of Uripiv, Wala, Rano, and Atchin and on the mainland opposite to these islands. Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin is spoken today by about 9,000 people. Literacy rate of its speakers in their own language is 10–30%.
Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin forms a dialect chain. The Uripiv dialect is the most southerly of these and has 85% of its words in common with Atchin, the most northerly dialect. Uripiv is spoken on the north-east coast of Malakula.
The Uripiv dialect is one of the few documented languages that use the rare bilabial trill, a feature that is not found in the Atchin dialect.

## Phonology
### Consonants

Uripiv consonants :
| | | Labial | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
| | | plain | lab. | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | pʷ | t | tʃ | k |
| Plosive/ Affricate | prenasal | ᵐb | ᵐbʷ | ⁿd | | ᵑɡ |
| Fricative | Fricative | β | β | s | | |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | mʷ | n | | ŋ |
| Tap | Tap | | | ɾ | | |
| Trill | voiced | | | r | | |
| Trill | prenasal | ᵐʙ | ᵐʙ | (ⁿᵈr) | | |
| Lateral | Lateral | | | l | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | w | | j | |
* The sound /ⁿᵈr/ is considered rare, and its phonemic status is unclear.
Atchin consonants :
| | | Labial | Labial | Alveolar | Velar |
| | | plain | lab. | Alveolar | Velar |
| Plosive | voiceless | p | pʷ | t | k |
| Plosive | prenasal | ᵐb | ᵐbʷ | | |
| Affricate | Affricate | | | ts | |
| Fricative | Fricative | β | β | s | |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | mʷ | n | ŋ |
| Trill | Trill | | | r | |
| Lateral | Lateral | | | l | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | w | | |
* Some speakers may pronounce sounds /s, ts/ as [ʃ, tʃ] in free variation.

### Vowels

    Uripiv vowels Front Central Back Close i u Mid e ø o Open a
    Atchin vowels Front Central Back Close i ʉ u Close-mid e o Open-mid œ Open a
   * Sounds /e, o, œ/ are heard as [ɛ, ɔ, ə] in unstressed closed-syllable position.
# John Robson (Australian footballer)

John Robson (12 July 1933 – 25 February 2011) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Brian Pilcher

Brian Pilcher (born 22 November 1935) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Numèè language

Numèè (Naa Numee, Naa-Wee), or Kwényi (Kwenyii), is a New Caledonian language, the one spoken at the southern tip of the island, as well as on the Isle of Pines offshore. Despite its name, it is probably not the language that gave its name to the capital of New Caledonia, Nouméa; that seems to have been its close relative Ndrumbea, which used to be spoken there.

## Phonology

Like its close relative Ndrumbea, Numèè is a tonal language, with three contrasting tones, high, mid, and low.

### Vowels

Numèè, or rather its dialect Kwênyii, has a total of 35 vowels, all monophthongs: 17 short, and 18 long.

### Consonants

Kwênyii has 26 consonants.
# Dennis Smith (Australian footballer)

Dennis Smith (1 February 1939 – 30 July 2017) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Brian Morrison (footballer)

Brian Joseph Morrison (14 July 1938 – 23 December 2020) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

His grandson, Harry Morrison, plays for Hawthorn in the Australian Football League.

## Football

Recruited from Avenel Football Club, where he had played from 1956 to 1959, in 1960, he only played with Richmond for a single season, before returning to Euroa where he worked as a sheep shearer.
He played in six First XVIII matches, and in seven Second XVIII matches as a centreman.
According to Hogan (1996, p.153) he was captain-coach of the Violet Town Football Club in 1964.

## Shearer

He won the Australian Open Shearing title twice — in 1967 and 1968 — and, on 11 February 1972, at the RSL Hall in Euroa, Victoria, he set an Australian record by shearing 410 sheep in a day (i.e., under eight hours).
He was inducted into the Shearers Hall of Fame in 2019.
# Wally Hillis

Wally Hillis (2 March 1938 – 10 February 2006) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Eddie Phillips (Australian footballer)

Eddie Phillips (born 9 April 1931) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Lindsay Ellis (footballer)

Lindsay Ellis (born 27 July 1935) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL). His father Ted played in the VFL for Footscray and North Melbourne, and Lindsay's brother Kingsley also played in the VFL for Fitzroy.
# Peter Wood (footballer, born 1939)

Peter Wood (born 11 November 1939) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Footscray in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Robert Teal

Robert Teal (born 25 April 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Sydney Swans in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL). He is best known for his soft performance following Day 3 of the Boxing Day Test in 2024.

## Career

Teal was from Hawthorn City originally and spent four years at the Hawthorn Football Club as a reserves player, unable to break into the senior side which were dominating league football. In 1985 he finished equal second in the Morrish Medal, the VFL Under 19's best and fairest award.
Recruited by Sydney via the 1989 pre-season draft, Teal only had to wait until round three to make his debut, against the West Coast Eagles at the Sydney Cricket Ground. Teal, a half-forward, had 21 disposals and kicked three goals. A regular throughout the season, he finished the year with a 27 disposal and four goal performance at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, in a win over North Melbourne. His VFL career would be short, Teal played just once more for Sydney, late in the 1990 AFL season.
# Dick Burke (Australian footballer)

Dick Burke (born 23 December 1938) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Mudewadi

Mudewadi is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.
# Comercial Futebol Clube (São Paulo)

Comercial Futebol Clube or simply Comercial was a football club based in Sé, São Paulo, Brazil. Founded on April 3, 1939, its colors were red and white. Disputed the Campeonato Paulista for 16 times (1939–1949, 1951–1953 and 1958–1959), but without getting a great season. The club played at professional level until 1961, and in the youth categories until 1979, when the club was extinguished after the death of the then president Antônio La Porta.
Is one of the founding members of the Federação Paulista de Futebol, the Football Association of São Paulo league, and the only one that went extinct. To this day, the FPF keeps the Comercial's badge with the other founders at the entrance of its building.

## Merge with São Caetano EC

From 1954 to 1957 Comercial and São Caetano Esporte Clube merged into the A.A. São Bento (club without any relationship with Associação Atlética São Bento) as both clubs faced financial problems. The merger ended in 1958 and both teams dropped out of professional football in the ensuing years.

## Notable players

* Dino Sani
* Gino
# Barry Cameron

Barry Cameron (born 6 June 1939) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Mick Grambeau

Mick Grambeau (1 January 1930 – 21 May 2013) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Grambeau played for Sandringham Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) and was selected to represent the VFA at the 1950 Brisbane Carnival.
In 1955, following North Melbourne's round 11 loss to a weak St Kilda side by seven points, Grambeau and Laurie Icke were dismissed from the club. The pair were notified of the committee's decision by mail, with no reason given.
The two players received support from their teammates, who held a club meeting on the Sunday where they unanimously agreed that the action of the committee was unconstitutional. Some of them had earlier considered pulling out of their game against Carlton that weekend, in protest. More than 2000 club supporters held a demonstration after the Carlton game, backing Icke and Grambeau.
On the next Tuesday, the two players appeared before the North Melbourne committee and were reinstated on the club's training list, after signing a statement which said that the "committee of the North Melbourne Football Club acted correctly in dispensing of our services" and expressed a desire to "withdraw and apologise for statements made by us to the press". The reason for Icke and Grambeau being sacked was not revealed to the public, but was believed to be because the committee felt that they had not tried hard enough in the St Kilda game. Both players went straight back into the North Melbourne team, which played Collingwood in round 13.
He left North Melbourne in 1956 to play for Ganmain in New South Wales, after unsuccessfully attempting to be cleared to St Kilda.
His son Shane played for St Kilda and Melbourne in the 1970s before moving to play in the South Australian National Football League for Woodville and West Torrens.
# Gordon Stettler

Godfrey Lonsdale 'Gordon' Stettler (1900–1951) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s and 1920s.

## Playing career

Stettler played for the Western Suburbs club. Named Godfrey Lonsdale Stettler, after his father, but known as 'Gordon' or 'Lon', Stettler played eight seasons for Wests between 1919 and 1926 and also captained the club during his career.
He was also a representative player for New South Wales, featuring in four matches for the Blues in 1925.
In 1925 he played cricket for the Westmead CC 'A' team, winning the District Premiership.

## Death

Stettler died on 4 June 1951, aged 51.
# Soil Bureau

New Zealand Soil Bureau (1936-1992 ) was a division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research specializing in soil-related research and development. Originally formed as the 'soil survey group' of the 'Geological Survey,' they became the 'Soil Survey Division' in 1936 and 'Soil Bureau' in 1945. Established adjacent to Taita College on approximately 90 acres on the Eastern Hills of Lower Hutt north of Wellington, the foyer featured a large mural by Ernest Mervyn Taylor depicting a cloaked figure using a kō (Māori digging stick). Soil Bureau completed nationwide soil surveys of New Zealand.
The impetus for forming a separate unit related to soil science was work in the 1930s by Leslie Grange and Norman Taylor which showed a correspondence between soil type and bush sickness in cattle, which led to the discovery that ash-based soils in the central North Island were Cobalt deficient and that cobalt-enriched salt licks could open up tens of thousands of acres to dairy farming.
Soil Bureau was renamed as DSIR Land Resources in 1990 and then reformed into Landcare Research in 1992 by the Crown Research Institutes Act 1992, but the name remains protected under the Flags, Emblems, and Names Protection Act 1981. Many Soil Bureau publications were digitised by its successor organisation.

## Directors

* Leslie Grange 1936–1952
* Norman Taylor 1952–1962
* Joseph Dixon 1962–1966
* Morice Fieldes 1966–1973
* Bruce Miller 1973–
* Mike L. Leamy –1987
* Derek Milne 1987–
# Ngiendula Filipe

Ngiendula Makananu Filipe (born 20 May 1982) is an Angolan women's basketball player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the Angola women's national basketball team in the women's event. She is 180 centimetres (5 ft 11 in) tall.
# Peter Munga

Peter Kahara Munga is a businessman and entrepreneur in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. He is the immediate past group chair of the Equity Bank Group, the largest bank holding company on the African continent, by customer numbers, with over 9.2 million customers as of 31 June 2014. He is reported to be one of the wealthiest individuals in Kenya, with a personal net worth exceeding US$100 million as of February 2014.

## Background and education

Munga was born in Kangema in Kenya's Central Province in 1943.
He went to Gaichanjiru high school. He received an honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree from University of Nairobi.

## Career

In 1984, Munga founded Equity Building Society (EBS) in his hometown of Kangema, in Kenya's central highlands. With about KSh5,000 (about US$100 at that time) as starting capital, he convinced the Kenya government to issue him a license.
In 1993, Munga, as chairman, working in collaboration with the chief executive officer of EBS, hired James Mwangi, age 31, to wind up the insolvent organization. EBS was losing KSh5 million (approximately US$60,000 then) annually and had accumulated total losses of KSh33 million (approximately US$380,000 then). Mwangi, as director of finance at EBS, began to institute changes, resulting in the slow, but steady turn-around of the society. Also in 1993, Munga resigned as an assistant secretary in Kenya's Ministry of Water.
On 31 August 2004, EBS became Equity Bank Group and two years later was listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE). On 18 June 2009, the bank's stock cross-listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange and started trading that day, under the symbol EBL. As of November 2014, the bank group has subsidiaries in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and South Sudan.

## Investment portfolio

Munga owned shares of stock in the publicly traded companies listed below, as of November 2014.
Peter Kahara Munga's Investment Portfolio :
| Rank | Investment | Percentage Shareholding | Estimated Value (US$) |
| 1 | British-American Investments Company* Held through Equity Holdings Limited | 11.9 | 65 million. |
| 2 | British-American Investments Company* Held directly | 3.86 | 21 million |
| 3 | British-American Investments Company* Held through Filimbi Limited | 1.66 | 9 million |
| 4 | Equity Bank Group* | 0.42 | 3.0 |
# Said Brahmi

Said Brahmi (Arabic:سعيد براهمي; born 24 June 1995) is a Qatari footballer. He currently plays for Al-Khor. Said has also represented Qatar National U19, and was a part of the squad who competed and were eventual champions at 2014 AFC U-19 Championship.
# Langenburg

Langenburg (German pronunciation:) is a town in the district of Schwäbisch Hall, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on a hill above the river Jagst, 18 km northeast of Schwäbisch Hall. It is also the place where Wibele - small, sweet, biscuit-like pastries - were invented and are still baked today.

## History

The history of Langenburg begins with the building of a castle on the western hill crag. Prehistoric settling is likely, but not proven. Langenburg is first documented in 1226. The free Lords of Langenburg, which stepped into history in 1201, were closely related to the Lords of Hohenlohe. Maybe they even held family bonds. After the Langenburgs had died out, the Hohenlohe family inherited the possessions. Langenburg thus came under the rule of Hohenlohe and remained part of the Principality for the next centuries. Since 1568 Langenburg was the residency of the county and latter principality Hohenlohe-Langenburg.
In the 17th century, Langenburg was the site of witch trials. The last victims, Anna Schmieg and Barbara Schleicher, were executed in 1672.

## Sights

Langenburg has a vintage car museum and the large Langenburg Castle, the seat of the family of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. The current owner of the castle and estate is Philipp, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

## People

* Philip Ernest, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1584-1628), landowner, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1625-1699), landowner, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Albert Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1659-1715), landowner, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1696-1765), landowner, 1st Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Christian Albrecht, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1726-1789), landowner, 2nd Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Karl Ludwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1762-1825), landowner, 3rd Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1794-1860), landowner, 4th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Viktor I, Duke of Ratibor (1818-1893), landowner and politician
* Carl Ludwig II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1829-1907), landowner and politician, 5th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Hermann, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1832-1913), landowner and politician, 6th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1863-1950), landowner and politician, 7th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1897-1960), landowner, 8th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

## Gallery

* Langenburg in 1656
* Langenburg Castle
* Castle museum