OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aerozine 50

Aerozine 50 is a 50:50 mix by weight of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), developed in the late 1950s by Aerojet General Corporation as a storable, high-energy, hypergolic fuel for the Titan II ICBM rocket engines. Aerozine continues in wide use as a rocket fuel, typically with dinitrogen tetroxide (N$_2$O$_4$) as the oxidizer, with which it is hypergolic. Aerozine 50 is more stable than hydrazine alone, and has a higher density and boiling point than UDMH alone.
Pure hydrazine has a higher performance than Aerozine 50, but an inconvenient freezing point of 2 °C. A mix of hydrazine and UDMH has a far lower freezing point due to freezing-point depression. In addition, UDMH is a more stable molecule; this reduces the risk of pure hydrazine decomposing unexpectedly, increasing safety and allowing the blend to be used as a coolant in regeneratively cooled engines.
This type of fuel is mainly used for interplanetary probes and spacecraft propulsion. Unlike other more common propellants like liquid oxygen or liquid hydrogen, Aerozine 50 is liquid at room temperature and can be stored in liquid state without significant boil off, thus making it a storable propellant better suited for long-term interplanetary missions. Aerozine 50 was largely used in ICBMs and in their derivative launchers such as the core stages of the Titan-II/III/IV rocket because an ICBM requires long-term storage and launch on short notice; the rocket must be stored already fueled. This fuel was also used in ICBM-derived upper stages, such as the Delta II rocket. It was also used by the Apollo Lunar Module and the Service Propulsion System engine in the Apollo CSM. The Ariane 1 through Ariane 4 family used a related fuel, a mixture of 75% UDMH and 25% hydrazine hydrate called UH 25.
Aerozine is not used as a monopropellant (a propellant that is not mixed with anything). The extra stability conferred by the methyl groups affects reactivity and thrust.
In 1980, an accidental leakage of Aerozine 50 resulted in the 1980 Damascus Titan missile explosion. The leak occurred due to puncture of the first-stage Titan fuel tank by a dropped tool. The initial explosion removed the 740-ton silo door and ejected the second stage and warhead out of the silo. The Titan's second stage exploded, and the W53 warhead landed 30 meters from the silo portal without detonating or leaking fissile material.

## Alternatives

Hydrazine may also be mixed with monomethyl hydrazine (MMH). Because MMH is slightly denser, net performance is increased slightly.
A potentially novel hypergolic alternative has been developed based on tertiary amine azides – called CINCH (Competitive Impulse Non-Carcinogenic Hypergol) and the name of the compound is 2-Dimethylaminoethylazide.

## Trivia

According to John D. Clark, the propellant community disliked and ignored brandnames such as Aerojet's Aerozine, preferring its own jargon of engineering acronyms and nicknames. This particular mixture was called "50–50".
# Urwisko, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Urwisko is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Iława, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Bernard Dillon

Bernard Dillon (1888–1941) was an Irish jockey. Born at Caherina in Tralee, he joined his older brother Joe in 1901, both of them being apprentice jockeys at the famous Druids Lodge training establishment in Wiltshire England. Victory on Lemberg in the 1910 Epsom Derby was his most famous achievement, although he also rode winners in the 1,000 Guineas (Flair, 1906 and Electra, 1909), Lincoln (Uninsured, 1904), Cambridgeshire (Hacklers Pride, 1905), Eclipse Stakes (Lally, 1907 and dead heated on Lemberg in 1910), Coronation Cup (Pretty Polly, 1906) and the Grand Prix de Paris (Spearmint, 1906).
Dillon became the third husband of the Music Hall star Marie Lloyd. They met in 1910 and caused a scandal when, travelling together as "Mr. and Mrs. Dillon" in 1913, she was refused entry to the United States for "moral turpitude". Alec Hurley, Lloyd's true husband at the time, died two months later, and Dillon and Lloyd were married at the British Consulate in Portland, Oregon, on 21 February 1914.
During World War I, Dillon served in the transport lines at Belton Park, Grantham, the Machine Gun Corps training depot. He was not a good soldier, and was often in trouble. However, Marie Lloyd would travel to Grantham to upbraid any officer who had punished her husband. These officers would often go missing when she arrived.
After the war, Dillon began drinking heavily and abusing Lloyd, so that she began drinking as her own escape. In 1920, they separated, but Lloyd continued to slide downhill until she collapsed on stage in October 1922, dying three days later.
He was portrayed by actor Tom Payne in the 2007 BBC drama Miss Marie Lloyd - Queen of The Music Hall.
Bernard Dillon, nicknamed as "Ben" in the horseracing community, died in London in May 1941.
In 2024 a book was written by Stephen Fernane about Bernard's life. 'The Life and Times of Bernard Dillon: The Narie that Won the Derby' is a compelling account of Bernard's turbulent life. For the first time, Bernard's racing triumphs are researched in detail. The book also covers the tragic demise of one of Edwardian England's most famous jockeys. The book is available at: www.buythebook.ie/bernarddillon
# Denning Township, Franklin County, Illinois

Denning Township is one of twelve townships in Franklin County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,729 and it contained 2,352 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Denning Township has a total area of 36.99 square miles (95.80 km$^2$), of which 35.85 square miles (92.85 km$^2$) (or 96.91%) is land and 1.14 square miles (2.95 km$^2$) (or 3.09%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Freeman Spur (north half)
* Orient
* West Frankfort (west half)

### Unincorporated towns

* Cambon
* Lake Creek
* Pershing
* Plumfield
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these four cemeteries: Denning, Follis, Hanes and Rose.

### Major highways

* Interstate 57
* Illinois Route 149
* Illinois Route 37

### Lakes

* Beaver Lake
* Cambon Lake

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 4,729 people, 2,097 households, and 1,165 families residing in the township. The population density was 127.85 inhabitants per square mile (49.36/km$^2$). There were 2,352 housing units at an average density of 63.58 per square mile (24.55/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 93.40% White, 0.42% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.42% from other races, and 5.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.
There were 2,097 households, out of which 29.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.05% were married couples living together, 12.54% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 44.44% were non-families. 39.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.12.
The township's age distribution consisted of 23.3% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 20.9% from 25 to 44, 29.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $31,048, and the median income for a family was $43,542. Males had a median income of $38,676 versus $19,444 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,283. About 22.7% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.2% of those under age 18 and 26.1% of those age 65 or over.

## School districts

* Frankfort Community Unit School District 168
* Herrin Community Unit School District 4
* Zeigler-Royalton Community Unit School District 188

## Political districts

* Illinois' 12th congressional district
* State House District 117
* State Senate District 59
# Mececyon

Mececyon trinilensis, the Trinil dog, is an extinct canid species that lived on the island of Java in Indonesia during the Pleistocene.

## Description

The body size of Mececyon trinilensis been estimated at around 6.8–17.1 kilograms (15–38 lb), comparable to a dhole. This small size is the result of insular dwarfism.

## Habitat and ecology

Mececyon trinilensis is endemic to the island of Java. It was part of the Pleistocene Trinil Fauna of Java, which dates to the late Early-Middle Pleistocene. Other animals of this Faunal assemblage were Bos palaesondaicus, the Indian muntjak (Muntiacus muntjak), Bubalus paleaeokerabau, the Dubois santeng and Stegodon trigonocephalus. Other predators of the Trinil Fauna were the Trinil tiger (Panthera tigris trinilensis) and the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis).
Mececyon is suggested to have been a hypercarnivore. It has been estimated that Mececyon trinilensis hunted prey of 1 kg to 10 kg, preferably 5 kg in size. However this number could vary, because it is yet unknown if the Mececyon trinilensis hunted in packs, or if carrion left over by the Trinil tiger influenced its feeding habits. Likely prey included rats and birds.

## Evolution

Mececyon trinilensis probably ultimately originated from the mainland Xenocyon, perhaps Xenocyon lycanoides, likely via the intermediate species Megacyon merriami, which is proportionally larger than mainland Xenocyon species, and known from older Early Pleistocene fossils on Java. The similarly dwarfed Sardinian dhole (Cynotherium sardous) is also suggested to have evolved from Xenocyon. Its closest living relatives are the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) and the dhole (Cuon alpinus). Some authors have suggested sinking Mececyon and Megacyon into Xenocyon.
During the early Middle Pleistocene, the extinct dhole species Cuon priscus arrived on Java. It has been suggested that C. priscus outcompeted M/X. trinilensis, resulting in its absence in younger deposits.
# Nicole Callisto

Nicole Callisto (born 12 November 1987 in Joondalup, Western Australia) is an Australian BMX cyclist who represented Australia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She began riding when she was three and won the 2005 Junior World BMX Championships. Callisto has been under contract with Free Agent Bicycles for the Free Agent World BMX Team since the 2006 BMX racing season.
Callisto currently lives in the Sydney, Australia area, and frequently travels out of country to compete in international BMX events called "world(s)" events.
# Isaac Tshibangu

Isaac Tshibangu Tshikuna (born 17 May 2003) is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a winger for Emirati club Baniyas and the DR Congo national team. He was included in The Guardian's "Next Generation 2020".

## International career

Tshibangu made his debut with the DR Congo in a 3–2 friendly loss to Rwanda on 18 September 2019.
# Biren Basnet

Biren Basnet (born 20 October 1994) is a Bhutanese professional footballer, currently playing as a midfielder for Thimphu City in the Bhutan Premier League, and the Bhutan national football team.

## Club career

Basnet began his career at Druk Star, though given that they were not relegated from the A-Division in 2010 but did not partake in the 2011 season, it is unclear what level of football he was playing. He moved from Thimphu to Ugyen Academy in Punakha in 2012 and won the National League in 2013. Following the national title, he played in the 2014 AFC President's Cup, taking part in the 1–0 loss to Sri Lanka's Air Force SC, the 3–0 loss to Pakistan's KRL F.C. and the 4–0 loss to Bangladesh's Sheikh Russel KC.

## International career

He made his first appearance for the Bhutan national football team in 2012, in the 5–0 friendly defeat to Thailand. He next played for Bhutan in their 3–0 loss to Afghanistan in the 2013 SAFF Championship group stage. He was also an unused substitute in the other two group matches, the 8–2 loss to the Maldives and the 5–2 loss to Sri Lanka

## International goals

    Scores and results list the Bhutan's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 8 October 2015 | Changlimithang Stadium, Thimphu, Bhutan | Maldives | 3–4 | 3–4 | 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |
# Marco Martins (fencer)

Marco Martins (born 1 June 1973 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian fencer. He competed in the individual foil event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Lucky Blaze

Lucky Blaze is a 1933 British sports film directed by Widgey R. Newman and starring William Freshman, Vera Sherborne and Moore Marriott. It was made as a quota quickie.

## Cast

* William Freshman as Cliff Ellis
* Vera Sherborne as Rose Benson
* Moore Marriott as Sir James Benson
* Freddie Fox as Freddie
* J. Collins as Collingdean
* Ian Wilson
* Harry Rodbourne
* Jack Walsh
* Sammy Wregg
* Micky Beary
* Ken Robertson
* Buster Rickaby
# Ułowo

Ułowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Braniewo, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Braniewo and 83 km (52 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Ed Caraeff

Ed Caraeff (born April 18, 1950) is an American photographer, illustrator and graphic designer who has worked largely in the music industry.
He has art directed, photographed and designed more than 400 record album covers from 1967 to 1981 for numerous artists, including Bee Gees, Elton John, Steely Dan, Carly Simon, Three Dog Night, Tom Waits and Dolly Parton. His photography has appeared on the cover of four issues of Rolling Stone magazine and is included in the permanent collection of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Caraeff's photograph of Jimi Hendrix at the Monterey Pop Festival has been reproduced in various articles and was included in his 2017 book Burning Desire: The Jimi Hendrix Experience through the Lens of Ed Caraeff.

## Career

Caraeff's photographs have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and used in many different media, including album covers, TV ads, magazines, radio posters, promotional posters, and merchandise. He has also photographed and created album covers for numerous artists, including Bee Gees, Elton John, Dolly Parton, Little Richard, Jim Morrison, Neil Diamond, Barry Manilow, the Carpenters, Hall & Oates, Dwight Twilley, Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, Cheech & Chong, Steely Dan, Marvin Gaye, Carly Simon, Tim Buckley and Jose Feliciano, among others.
In 1979, Ed Caraeff was called by music producer Robert Stigwood for the fourth time to shoot the cover for the consummate Bee Gees-era album Spirits Having Flown, which was promoted by the Spirits Having Flown Tour '79.
Caraeff stepped away from his camera in 1981 with the Private Eyes album by Hall & Oates to pursue his next dream of becoming a chef. In 1987 Rolling Stone magazine asked him for permission to use a forgotten picture of Jimi Hendrix as a magazine cover.
# Denver Township, Adams County, Nebraska

Denver Township is one of sixteen townships in Adams County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 966 at the 2020 census.
# Megacyon

Megacyon merriami, or Merriam's dog, was a prehistoric canid that lived on the island of Java in Indonesia during the Early Pleistocene. Its scientific name means "Merriam's large dog".

## Description

Megacyon was relatively larged sized, with an estimated body mass of around 49–54 kilograms (108–119 lb), comparable to a grey wolf. In comparison to its ancestor Xenocyon, the hypocone on the teeth was larger.

## Ecology

Megacyon is thought to have been a hypercarnivore that preyed on large-sized prey such as deer.

## Taxonomy and evolution

Megacyon is thought to have evolved from mainland species of Xenocyon, with Megacyon being even larger than mainland Xenocyon species. Some authors have subsumed Megacyon into Xenocyon. Megacyon is thought to be the ancestor of the much smaller Mececyon known from younger deposits on Java. Megacyon are currently around the 49-54 kilogram size range due to their evolution and niche overlapping with tigers. As tigers and Megacyon had a 100% niche overlap, Megacyon evolved to be smaller in size in order to avoid this niche overlap for the species survival.
# Eleanor Murdoch Johnson

Eleanor Murdoch Johnson (1892–1987) was an American educator and editor. She founded the children's periodical My Weekly Reader and was its editor-in-chief from 1935 to 1961. She was a schoolteacher in Oklahoma and served as superintendent of schools in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Johnson served on the editorial board of Education magazine. She was a graduate of Columbia University and the University of Chicago.

## Early life and education

Eleanor Murdoch Johnson was born in Washington County, Maryland, on December 10, 1892, to farmers Emma J. (née Shuff) and Richard Potts Johnson. She attended Colorado College from 1911 to 1912. She earned a degree from the Central State Teachers College in 1913. In 1925 she earned her PhB cum laude from the University of Chicago and an MA from Columbia University in 1932.

## Career

Following her graduation from Central State Teachers College in Oklahoma, Johnson was a public school teacher. She taught in Lawton from 1913 to 1916, in Chickasha from 1916 to 1917, and in Oklahoma City from 1917 to 1918. She was the superintendent for the Drumright, Oklahoma, elementary schools from 1918 to 1922. She also served as superintendent in Oklahoma City from 1922 to 1926. Johnson then moved to Pennsylvania, where she was a superintendent in York from 1926 to 1930. While working in Pennsylvania, she came up with the idea for a weekly children's newspaper. She approached American Education Publications with the idea and worked on the format and content for the periodical. The first issue was published on September 21, 1928. She was the assistant superintendent in Lakewood, Ohio, from 1930 to 1934.
Johnson co-founded My Weekly Reader in 1934. She served as the editor-in-chief for the publication, joining the staff of American Education Publications in 1935. The paper was first published in 1928. She was also involved in the publishing of Current Events and was the author of textbooks on mathematics, reading, and geography. She authored the children's books Treasury of Literature Readers and Child Story Readers. She retired as editor-in-chief of My Weekly Reader in 1961 and was a consultant for Xerox Educational Publications. She continued to be involved in the publication of My Weekly Reader until 1978 and served on the editorial board of Education magazine.
Johnson died of cancer in Gaithersburg, Maryland, on October 8, 1987.

## Publication

* Johnson, Eleanor M. (1963). "What Is Happening to Children's Storybooks?". The Reading Teacher. 17 (3): 178–181. ISSN 0034-0561. JSTOR 20197744.
# Nicole Harris

Nicole Harris (born 16 July 1992) is an Australian Paralympic athlete with intellectual disability and mild cerebral palsy. She represented Australia at the 2016 Rio Paralympics in athletics.

## Personal

Harris was born on 16 July 1992 in Hurstville, New South Wales with an intellectual impairment and cerebral palsy. She attended Danebank Anglican School for Girls. In 2016, she works at Danebank School and Caringbah YMCA.

## Athletics

Harris was initially a 1500m runner but changed to throwing events after a coach suggested that she might be successful due to her long limbs. She is classified as a F20 athlete. At the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships, she finished 6th in the Women's Shot Put F20. At the 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships, she finished 7th in the Women's Shot Put F20.
At the 2016 Rio Paralympics Harris competed in the F20 Shot put event ranking 7th overall.
# Bobo Ungenda

Bodrick Ungenda Muselenge (born 19 November 1989), commonly known as Bobo Ungenda, is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a defender for Angolan Girabola club Primeiro de Agosto and the DR Congo national team.

## Club career

Ungenda was born in 1989 in Kasa-Vubu, Kinshasa, and played football for the Kinshasa-based clubs AC Tonnerre and FC Les Stars before joining DC Motema Pembe. He went on to captain the team, but in 2015 the club declared all its players available for transfer, and Ungenda left in what was initially described as a six-month loan to Angolan Girabola club Kabuscorp.
Ungenda moved on to Primeiro de Agosto ahead of the 2017 Girabola season, at the end of which he was named Best Foreign Player in the Girabola, and narrowly missed out on the main Player of the Year award to his team-mate, Geraldo. He helped them win three consecutive league titles, and represented them in the CAF Champions League. In the 2018 edition, Ungenda scored a 98th-minute winner against ZESCO United that proved instrumental in their qualifying from the group stage, and helped them reach the semi-final in which he had a second-leg away goal disallowed that would have left Espérance de Tunis needing to score five. Espérance won the tie 4–3 on aggregate and went on to win the competition.

## International career

Ungenda represented his country at under-age levels before receiving his first call-up to the DR Congo senior squad for a 2014 World Cup qualifier against Cameroon in June 2012. A shock inclusion in the starting eleven for a match played in an "atmosphere of hostility", Ungenda had time to receive a yellow card before being substituted after just 15 minutes. Cameroon won 1–0. He played in all four of DR Congo's matches at the 2014 African Nations Championship, and captained his country at the 2016 COSAFA Cup, at which DR Congo lost to Swaziland in the bronze-medal match. Ungenda was named in DR Congo's 23-man squad for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.
# Thea Engelbertink

Thea Engelbertinki is a Dutch Paralympian.
She competed at the 1976 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal in discus throw and javelin while winning a silver medal in the shot put.
# Hugh Hill (judge)

Sir Hugh Hill (1802–1871) was a British judge.

## Early life and career

The second son of James Hill, by Mary, daughter of Hugh Norcott of Cork, Hugh Hill was born in 1802 at Graig, near Doneraile, County Cork, where his family had been long settled. He graduated BA at Dublin in 1821, kept two years' terms at the King's Inns, and then joined the Middle Temple in London. He practised with great success as a special pleader under the bar between 1827 and 1841, when he was called to the bar and joined the northern circuit. He became a QC in 1851.
On 29 May 1858 he was appointed a judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, and about the same time was made a serjeant-at-law; he was also knighted.

## Family and death

Owing to prolonged illness he retired from the bench in December 1861. He died at the Royal Crescent Hotel, Brighton, on 12 October 1871. In 1831 he married Anoriah, daughter of Richard Holden Webb, controller of customs, and by her had two sons, who both survived him; his wife died in 1858.