OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Forerunners of Modern Socialism

Forerunners of Modern Socialism (German: Die Vorläufer des neueren Sozialismus) is a four volume work that documents the history of primitive communist and socialist ideas, edited by Karl Kautsky and including contributions by a number of prominent intellectuals of the Second International, including Eduard Bernstein, Paul Lafargue, C. Hugo, Franz Mehring, and Georgii Plekhanov. The first volume was published in 1895.
Although only partially translated into English as of the middle of the 2010s, this German-language work is regarded as an important pioneering Marxist study of the history of the impact of early Christianity and various classical philosophical thinkers upon the modern socialist movement.

## Publication history

Forerunners of Modern Socialism was a series of volumes published under the general title "The History of Socialism in Individual Treatments" (German: Die geschichte des Sozialismus in Einzeldarstellungen), initiated under the editorship of Karl Kautsky (1854–1938). The first volume of what was to eventually emerge as a four volume work was published in Stuttgart by the Dietz publishing house and included topical contributions by Kautsky, Eduard Bernstein, Paul Lafargue, C. Hugo, Franz Mehring, and Georgii Plekhanov.
Kautsky contributed the chapters on Christianity from the ancient to the Reformation period. Eduard Bernstein contributed a chapter on Cromwell and Communism. Karl Marx's son in law, Paul Lafargue added substantial material on the Jesuit communistic community in Paraguay, also called the Jesuit reduction settlements, as well as Campanella's The City of the Sun.
It was a major work of Second International, Orthodox Marxism in analyzing history from ancient times to the early modern period.
Karl Kautsky, the leading theoretician of the Second International began his coverage of Thomas More with the observation that the two great figures inaugurating the history of socialism are More and Münzer, and that both of them "follow the long line of Socialists, from Lycurgus and Pythagoras to Plato, the Gracchi, Catiline, Christ..."
The final volume of the four-volume set was written by Hugo Lindemann and Morris Hillquit, focusing on socialism in France and America.
Engels wrote to Kautsky in 1895 a few months before his death "I have learnt a great deal from the book,[Forerunners of Modern Socialism, by K. Kautsky] it is an indispensable preliminary study for my new revision of the Peasant War. The main faults seem to be only two"
# William Cook (computer scientist)

William Randall Cook (November 21, 1963 – October 27, 2021) was an American computer scientist, who was an associate professor in the Department of Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin.

## Early life and education

Cook was born on November 21, 1963. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from Brown University in 1989.

## Career

Cook's research concentrated on object-oriented programming, programming languages, modeling languages, and the interface between programming languages and databases. Prior to joining UT in 2003, he was chief technology officer and co-founder of Allegis Corporation, where he was chief architect for several award-winning products, including the eBusiness Suite at Allegis, the writer's Solution for Prentice Hall, and the AppleScript language at Apple Computer.
Cook won the Senior Dahl–Nygaard Prize in 2014.

## Personal life

Cook died on October 27, 2021, at the age of 57.

## Selected papers

* Inheritance is not subtyping, Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages (1990)
* AppleScript. Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL III) Pages 1–21 ACM, 2007.
# Bounded quantification

In type theory, bounded quantification (also bounded polymorphism or constrained genericity) refers to universal or existential quantifiers which are restricted ("bounded") to range only over the subtypes of a particular type. Bounded quantification is an interaction of parametric polymorphism with subtyping. Bounded quantification has traditionally been studied in the functional setting of System F$_{<:}$, but is available in modern object-oriented languages supporting parametric polymorphism (generics) such as Java, C# and Scala.

## Overview

The purpose of bounded quantification is to allow for polymorphic functions to depend on some specific behaviour of objects instead of type inheritance. It assumes a record-based model for object classes, where every class member is a record element and all class members are named functions. Object attributes are represented as functions that take no argument and return an object. The specific behaviour is then some function name along with the types of the arguments and the return type. Bounded quantification considers all objects with such a function. An example would be a polymorphic min function that considers all objects that are comparable to each other.

### F-bounded quantification

F-bounded quantification or recursively bounded quantification, introduced in 1989, allows for more precise typing of functions that are applied on recursive types. A recursive type is one that includes a function that uses it as a type for some argument or its return value.

## Example

This kind of type constraint can be expressed in Java with a generic interface. The following example demonstrates how to describe types that can be compared to each other and use this as typing information in polymorphic functions. The Test.min function uses simple bounded quantification and does not ensure the objects are mutually comparable, in contrast with the Test.fMin function which uses F-bounded quantification.
In mathematical notation, the types of the two functions are
    min: ∀ T, ∀ S ⊆ {compareTo: T → int}. S → S → S
    fMin: ∀ T ⊆ Comparable[T]. T → T → T
where
    Comparable[T] = {compareTo: T → int}
# Pierre Joubert (cricketer)

Pierre Joubert (born 2 May 1978 in Pretoria) was a South African cricketer for Northerns and the Titans, captaining the Titans between 2008 and 2010.
A right arm medium-fast bowler, Joubert represented South Africa Schools in 1994/95. He made his first class debut in 1995/96 for Northerns as well as captaining the Titans successfully. A handy lower-order right-handed batsman, he has passed 50 on 10 occasions and converted one of them into a century. Joubert has since retired from professional cricket as of 2012.
# James Wilson (cricketer)

James Wilson (born 3 November 1978) is a South African former cricketer. He played in one first-class and one List A match for Border in 1999/00 and 2000/01.
# Debbie Carr

Debbie Carr (born 23 August 1977) is a South African former cricketer who played as a right-arm pace bowler. She appeared in two One Day Internationals for South Africa in 1999.
# Quinton de Bruin

Quinton de Bruin (not to be confused with Quinton de Kock) (born 12 August 1975) is a South African cricketer. He played in seven first-class matches for Eastern Province in 1994/95 and 1995/96.
# Valjean (disambiguation)

Valjean (1934 – 2003) was an American pianist
Valjean or Val Jean may also refer to:

## Les Misérables

* Jean Valjean, the protagonist of Victor Hugo's 1862 novel Les Misérables
* Jean Val Jean, a 1935 English-language retelling of the 1862 novel by Solomon Cleaver

## People

* Valjean Dickinson (1929 – 1990), American politician
* Valjean McCarty Hessing (1934 – 2006), Choctaw painter
* Jean Val Jean (actor) (born 1980), French pornographic actor
* Iain Valjean Jensen (born 1988), Australian sailor
* Philip "Moon Valjean" Sneed, a member of the band Greek Fire
* Ion Al. Vasilescu-Valjean, a figure in the Romanian National Agrarian Party

## Places

* Valjean, Saskatchewan, an unincorporated community in Canada
* Valjean Hills, a mountain range in California
* Valjean Valley, a valley in California bounded on the west by Silurian Valley

## Other uses

* 24601 Valjean, a minor planet
* Val Jean, the Maquis starship featured in Star Trek: Voyager's pilot episode "Caretaker"
* Fantine Valjean, a fictional character in the television series IGPX
# Jean

Jean may refer to:

## People

* Jean (female given name)
* Jean (male given name)
* Jean (surname)

### Fictional characters

* Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character
* Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel Les Misérables and its adaptations
* Jean Pierre Polnareff, a fictional character from JoJo's Bizarre Adventure
* Jean Luc Picard, fictional character from Star Trek Next Generation

## Places

* Jean, Nevada, United States; a town
* Jean, Oregon, United States

## Entertainment

* Jean (dog), a female collie in silent films
* "Jean" (song) (1969), by Rod McKuen, also recorded by Oliver
* Jean Seberg (musical), a 1983 musical by Marvin Hamlisch

## Other uses

* JEAN (programming language)
* USS Jean (ID-1308), American cargo ship c. 1918
* Sternwheeler Jean, a 1938 paddleboat of the Willamette River
# Sultan Muhammad (Timurid)

Sultan Muhammad (c.1418 – 1452) was the Timurid ruler of Persia and Fars from around 1447 until his death. He was the son of Baysunghur son of Shah Rukh.
During the last years of Shah Rukh's reign, Sultan Muhammad raised a revolt in the western provinces of the Timurid Empire. Shah Rukh was able to stop the revolt and capture many of its supporters in 1446, but Sultan Muhammad took refuge in Luristan. Following his grandfather's death, Sultan Muhammad returned from Luristan and from there assumed control of central Persia. Together with his half-brother Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza of Khurasan and uncle Ulugh Beg of Transoxiana, he became one of the three most powerful rulers of the splintering empire.
Sultan Muhammad, eager to expand his domain, soon started a war with Mirza Abul-Qasim Babur and invaded Khurasan. At first the campaign went well; in 1450 he defeated his brother at Mashhad, following which the latter yielded some of his lands to him. Things soon turned south, however, and he was captured by Mirza Abul-Qasim Babur, who had him executed. Mirza Abul-Qasim Babur then took over Sultan Muhammad's territories, but soon lost them to the Qara Qoyunlu Turkmen under Jahan Shah. His son was Yadgar Muhammad Mirza, who would become ruler of Khorasan for 6 weeks.

## Personal life

Wives
* Agha Begi, daughter of Yusuf Tarkhan
* Tundi Begi
* Tutuq 'Ismat, daughter of Jahan Shah, ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu
Issue
* Yadgar Muhammad Mirza (by Tundi Begi)
* Ulugh Agha (by Agha Begi)
# Ettel

Ettel is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Friedrich Ettel (1890–1941), Swiss actor
* Wolf-Udo Ettel (1921–1943), German World War II pilot
# Chaurjahari Airport

Rukum Chaurjahari Airport (IATA: RUK, ICAO: VNCJ) is a domestic airport located in Chaurjahari serving Western Rukum District, a district in Karnali Province in Nepal.

## History

The airport started operations on 24 September 1973. The airport was renovated and the runway blacktopped in 2014 after previously only having a grass/clay runway. After not having scheduled services for several years, Nepal Airlines resumed services from the airport in 2018.

## Facilities

The airport is at an elevation of 2,460 feet (750 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway which is 600 metres (1,969 ft) in length.

## Airlines and destinations

Since the early 2020s, there are no scheduled services to and from Chaurjahari Airport. Previously Nepal Airlines operated routes to Kathmandu and Nepalgunj.
# List of South Florida Bulls football seasons

The South Florida Bulls football team represents the University of South Florida in American football.

## Seasons

| Year | Coach | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | Coaches$^#$ | AP$^°$ |
| Jim Leavitt (I-AA Independent) (1997–2000) ||||||||
| 1997 | Jim Leavitt | 5–6 | | | | | |
| 1998 | Jim Leavitt | 8–3 | | | | | 22 |
| 1999 | Jim Leavitt | 7–4 | | | | | 23 |
| 2000 | Jim Leavitt | 7–4 | | | | | |
| Jim Leavitt (I-A Independent) (2001–2002) ||||||||
| 2001 | Jim Leavitt | 8–3 | | | | | |
| 2002 | Jim Leavitt | 9–2 | | | | | |
| Jim Leavitt (Conference USA) (2003–2004) ||||||||
| 2003 | Jim Leavitt | 7–4 | 5–3 | T–3rd | | | |
| 2004 | Jim Leavitt | 4–7 | 3–5 | T–6th | | | |
| Jim Leavitt (Big East) (2005–2009) ||||||||
| 2005 | Jim Leavitt | 6–6 | 4–3 | T–3rd | L Meineke Car Care | | |
| 2006 | Jim Leavitt | 9–4 | 4–3 | T–4th | W PapaJohns.com | | |
| 2007 | Jim Leavitt | 9–4 | 4–3 | T–3rd | L Sun | | |
| 2008 | Jim Leavitt | 8–5 | 2–5 | 6th | W St. Petersburg | | |
| 2009 | Jim Leavitt | 8–5 | 3–4 | T–4th | W International | | |
| Skip Holtz (Big East) (2010–2012) ||||||||
| 2010 | Skip Holtz | 8–5 | 3–4 | T–5th | W Meineke Car Care | | |
| 2011 | Skip Holtz | 5–7 | 1–6 | T–7th | | | |
| 2012 | Skip Holtz | 3–9 | 1–6 | T–8th | | | |
| Willie Taggart (American Athletic) (2013–2016) ||||||||
| 2013 | Willie Taggart | 2–10 | 2–6 | 8th | | | |
| 2014 | Willie Taggart | 4–8 | 3–5 | 7th | | | |
| 2015 | Willie Taggart | 8–5 | 6–2 | 2nd (East) | L Miami Beach | | |
| 2016 | Willie Taggart | 11–2 | 7–1 | T–1st (East) | W Birmingham | 19 | 19 |
| Charlie Strong (American Athletic) (2017–2019) ||||||||
| 2017 | Charlie Strong | 10–2 | 6–2 | 2nd (East) | W Birmingham | 21 | 21 |
| 2018 | Charlie Strong | 7–6 | 3–5 | 4th (East) | L Gasparilla | | |
| 2019 | Charlie Strong | 4–8 | 2–6 | 4th (East) | | | |
| Jeff Scott (American Athletic) (2020–2022) ||||||||
| 2020 | Jeff Scott | 1–8 | 0–7 | 11th | | | |
| 2021 | Jeff Scott | 2–10 | 1–7 | T–9th | | | |
| 2022 | Jeff Scott | 1–11 | 0–8 | 11th | | | |
| Alex Golesh (American Athletic) (2023–present) ||||||||
| 2023 | Alex Golesh | 7–6 | 4–4 | T–5th | W Boca Raton | | |
| 2024 | Alex Golesh | 7–6 | 4–4 | T–6th | W Hawaii | | |
| Total: | Total: | 175–160 | | | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||||
| $^†$Indicates Bowl Coalition, Bowl Alliance, BCS, or CFP / New Years' Six bowl. $^#$Rankings from final Coaches Poll. ||||||||
# Pete Emelianchik

Peter Adam Emelianchik, (born November 19, 1943) is a retired American football player. Emelianchik is one of three players to have played football at Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn and reach the National Football League.

## Football career

Emelianchik played tight end for the Dodge City Junior College Conquistadors in 1961 and 1962, and was voted Junior College All American in 1962. He then played for the University of Richmond Spiders in 1963 and 1964. Emelianchik was voted all-Southern Conference at end as a junior in 1963, but was injured during his senior year and not drafted by any NFL teams. He was signed as a free agent by the Philadelphia Eagles in 1967, and played on special teams in the last game of the season against the Cleveland Browns but did not record any statistics.
Emelianchik returned to the Eagles for training camp in 1968, and even caught a touchdown pass from John Huarte in a preseason game, but did not make the team.
His football career ended when he was the first player cut in training camp by the New York Giants in 1969.

## After football

After his football career ended, Emelianchik taught physical education at James J. Reynolds Jr. High School in Brooklyn, NY. In 2017, he was inducted into the Dodge City Junior College Athletics Hall of Fame.
Emelianchik is a lifetime member of American Mensa.
# Gilbert Yegon

Gilbert Yegon (born 26 January 1988) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in marathon races.
He began taking part in road races in 2008, and he ran a time of 1:02:43 at the Nairobi Half Marathon securing third place. He entered the Berlin Half Marathon the following year and improved his time to 1:01:26, finishing in twelfth place. In September 2009, he ran at the Rotterdam Half Marathon but was three minutes behind the winner Sammy Kitwara, having run 1:02:00 for fourteenth place. He stepped up to make his marathon debut at the 2009 Amsterdam Marathon and scored his first major victory. In one of the fastest ever debuts, he ran a time of 2:06:18 to break Haile Gebrselassie's four-year-old course record.
He ran at the 20 van Alphen in March 2010 and finished in third place, behind Bernard Chepkok and Dejene Yirdaw, but recorded a 20 km best time of 58:56. He came 22nd at the 2010 Boston Marathon and fared better at the 2010 Berlin Marathon, taking eighth place in 2:10:34 hours. He did not compete in 2011 but returned to competition at the 2012 Vienna Marathon with a runner-up performance in 2:07:38 hours.

## Achievements

* All results regarding marathon, unless stated otherwise
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Kenya |||||
| 2009 | Amsterdam Marathon | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 1st | 2:06:18 |
| 2010 | Boston Marathon | Boston, United States | 22nd | 2:21:12 |
| 2012 | Vienna Marathon | Vienna, Austria | 2nd | 2:07:38 |

## Personal bests

| Event | Time (h:m:s) | Venue | Date |
| 10 km | 28:18 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | 13 September 2009 |
| 20 km | 58:56 | Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands | 7 March 2010 |
| Half marathon | 1:01:26 | Berlin, Germany | 5 April 2009 |
| Marathon | 2:06:18 | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 18 October 2009 |
* All information taken from IAAF profile.

## Competition record

* 2008 Nairobi Half Marathon – 3rd
# Melania Tartabull

Melania Tartabull (born 22 October 1955) is a Cuban former volleyball player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. She also helped the Cuban team win the gold medal at the 1975 Pan American Games in Mexico City, Mexico.
# Kutumba (band)

Kutumba is a Nepalese instrumental folk music band. It only uses Nepalese traditional musical instruments such as bamboo flutes, sarangi, madal, tungna, dhol, jhyamta, arbajoo, dhime, dhyangro, damphu, khin, and singing bowl. The band recorded a single for season 6 of Coke Studio Pakistan, which aired in late 2013. They have collaborated with other Nepali artists such as Navneet Aditya Waiba, Satya Aditya Waiba, Albatross, Hari Maharjan, 1974 AD and Astha Tamang Maskey. They competed in the AI Song Contest 2021 alongside Diwas, Chepang, and Hari Maharjan with the song "Dreaming of Nepal", placing 17th with 15 points.

## Discography

* Forever Nepali Folk Instrumental (2004)
* Folk Roots (2005)
* Naulo Bihani (2006)
* Mithila (2009)
* Utsarga (2010)
* Karmath (2013)
* Himalayan Highlands (2017)

## Personnel

* Tungna and Arbajo: Arun Manandhar
* Sarangi: Kiran Nepali
* Percussion: Pavit Maharjan
* Percussion: Raju Maharjan
* Flute: Rubin Kumar Shrestha
* Effects: Siddhartha Maharjan
* Manager/ Technical Coordinator: Arun Gurung
* Stage/ Line Manager: Niraj Maharjan
# Petite Église

The Petite Église (French pronunciation:, "Little Church"; Dutch: Stevenisten, lit. 'Stevenists') was a group of French and Belgian Roman Catholics who separated from the Catholic Church in France following the Concordat of 1801 between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon Bonaparte. They were considered schismatic. One modern estimate gives its number of adherents as high as 100,000 at one time. The community declined following the death of its last episcopal adherent in 1829, and the last members submitted to the Bishop of Saint-Flour in 1911.
# Mouhamadou Gning

Mouhamadou Moustapha Gning (born 23 January 1989), is a Senegalese footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for CD Numancia in the Segunda Federación.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 13 March 2021
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Logroñés | 2011–12 | Segunda División B | 20 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 22 | 1 |
| Logroñés | 2012–13 | Segunda División B | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 27 | 1 |
| Logroñés | Total | Total | 46 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 2 |
| Sariñena | 2013–14 | Segunda División B | 33 | 1 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 35 | 1 |
| Amorebieta | 2014–15 | Segunda División B | 30 | 4 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 31 | 4 |
| CD Ebro | 2015–16 | Segunda División B | 32 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 35 | 0 |
| CD Ebro | 2016–17 | Segunda División B | 35 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 35 | 2 |
| CD Ebro | Total | Total | 67 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 2 |
| Lleida Esportiu | 2017–18 | Segunda División B | 28 | 2 | 5 | 0 | — | — | 33 | 2 |
| Ejea | 2018–19 | Segunda División B | 36 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 36 | 1 |
| Kerala Blasters | 2019–20 | Indian Super League | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 13 | 0 |
| Ejea | 2020–21 | Segunda División B | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Ejea | Total Ejea | Total Ejea | 51 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 268 | 12 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 282 | 12 |
# Gihan Kamel

Gihan Kamel is an Egyptian physicist known for her work as an Infrared Beamline Scientist in the Synchrotron-light project for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME). She lives in Jordan.

## Education and early life

Gihan's mother is a doctor and her father is a teacher. The "idea that science and engineering were meant only for men became [her] strongest motivation" to pursue a career in science.
She studied physics at Helwan University in Cairo, obtaining a B.A. and an MSc in solid-state physics before moving to Italy, where she obtained a Ph.D in biophysics in 2011 at the Sapienza University of Rome.

## Career and research

She is a lecturer in Biophysics at Helwan University, and since the mid-2000s she has been interested in the SESAME project, which brings together nine countries (Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Jordan, Pakistan, Turkey, Palestine, Iran and Israel), and is currently the only woman scientist on the project.
In 2015, she earned recognition for her presentation at a TED conference on the theme of "Breaking the Rules".
In 2023 she was one of the six women chosen by Nature to comment on their plans for International Women's Day. The others were Sandra Diaz, Martina Anto-Ocrah, Jess Wade, Aster Gebrekirstos and Tanya Monro.
In 2025, Gihan received the John Wheatley Award with Simon Connell and Sekazi Mtingwa.