OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Multi expression programming

Multi Expression Programming (MEP) is an evolutionary algorithm for generating mathematical functions describing a given set of data. MEP is a Genetic Programming variant encoding multiple solutions in the same chromosome. MEP representation is not specific (multiple representations have been tested). In the simplest variant, MEP chromosomes are linear strings of instructions. This representation was inspired by Three-address code. MEP strength consists in the ability to encode multiple solutions, of a problem, in the same chromosome. In this way, one can explore larger zones of the search space. For most of the problems this advantage comes with no running-time penalty compared with genetic programming variants encoding a single solution in a chromosome.

## Representation

MEP chromosomes are arrays of instructions represented in Three-address code format.
Each instruction contains a variable, a constant, or a function. If the instruction is a function, then the arguments (given as instruction's addresses) are also present.

### Example of MEP program

Here is a simple MEP chromosome (labels on the left side are not a part of the chromosome):

## Fitness computation

When the chromosome is evaluated it is unclear which instruction will provide the output of the program. In many cases, a set of programs is obtained, some of them being completely unrelated (they do not have common instructions).
For the above chromosome, here is the list of possible programs obtained during decoding:
Each instruction is evaluated as a possible output of the program.
The fitness (or error) is computed in a standard manner. For instance, in the case of symbolic regression, the fitness is the sum of differences (in absolute value) between the expected output (called target) and the actual output.

## Fitness assignment process

Which expression will represent the chromosome? Which one will give the fitness of the chromosome?
In MEP, the best of them (which has the lowest error) will represent the chromosome. This is different from other GP techniques: In Linear genetic programming the last instruction will give the output. In Cartesian Genetic Programming the gene providing the output is evolved like all other genes.
Note that, for many problems, this evaluation has the same complexity as in the case of encoding a single solution in each chromosome. Thus, there is no penalty in running time compared to other techniques.

## Software
### MEPX

MEPX is a cross-platform (Windows, macOS, and Linux Ubuntu) free software for the automatic generation of computer programs. It can be used for data analysis, particularly for solving symbolic regression, statistical classification and time-series problems.

### libmep

Libmep is a free and open source library implementing Multi Expression Programming technique. It is written in C++.

### hmep

hmep is a new open source library implementing Multi Expression Programming technique in Haskell programming language.
# Pete Córdova

Severo Córdova (November 8, 1892 – January 1974), nicknamed "Pete", was a Cuban professional baseball third baseman in the Cuban League and Negro leagues in the 1910s and 1920s.
A native of Havana, Cuba, Córdova played in the Cuban League for San Francisco Park in 1915–1916. He went on to play in the Negro leagues for the Kansas City Monarchs in 1921 and the Cleveland Tate Stars in 1923. Córdova died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1974 at age 81.
# The Perversity of Fate

The Perversity of Fate is an American silent film, produced by Kalem Company and directed by Sidney Olcott with Gene Gauntier and James Vincent in the leading role.

## Cast

* Gene Gauntier -
* James Vincent
* Jack J. Clark

## Production note

The film was shot in Canada
# Lukáš Hlavatovič

Lukáš Hlavatovič (born 22 April 1987) is a professional Slovak footballer who currently plays for II. Liga club Skalica as a defender.
# Robert J. Davies

Robert Joseph Davies, of Cwrtmawr, Llangeitho (2 August 1839 – 6 May 1892) was a leading figure in the political and religious life of Cardiganshire and in the Calvinistic Methodist denomination. He was the father of John Humphreys Davies.
Davies was born on 2 August 1839 at Llanbadarn Fawr, the son of Robert and Eliza Davies. His mother was the daughter of David Charles of Carmarthen, a pioneer of the Calvinistic Methodist denomination in Wales. Davies's status within his denomination was further strengthened by his marriage in 1863 to Frances Humphreys of Llandyfaelog, Carmarthenshire, who was the great granddaughter of Peter Williams. Williams had been responsible for one of the most popular editions of the Welsh language Bible in the late eighteenth century. In 1873 Davies became treasurer of the Calvinistic Methodist General Assembly.

## History

Robert J. Davies was educated at the University College London and at the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester. He became a Justice of the Peace for Cardiganshire in 1870. Following his return to Cardiganshire he spent the rest of his life on the small estate of Cwrt Mawr, Llangeitho. He became a prominent figure in the political life of the county and an active Liberal. The county seat had been famously captured at the 1868 General Election by Evan Matthew Richards of Swansea and was won in 1880 by David Davies, Llandinam who was a close friend of R. J. Davies. Consequently, in 1886, when David Davies broke with Gladstone over Irish Home Rule, R. J. Davies supported the Liberal Unionist cause and, at a meeting in Aberystwyth, was instrumental in forming a joint committee of Conservatives and Liberal Unionists to promote his candidature. In 1889, Davies stood for election at the first Cardiganshire County Council elections but was defeated. Three years later, however, he was returned unopposed. He is described as an Unionist on that occasion although it was said that there were signs of his returning to the Liberal Party before the end of his life. He was also a member and chairman of the Tregaron Board of Guardians.
On the death of Henry Richard in 1888 a campaign was immediately launched to erect a statue in his memory at Tregaron. Davies was instrumental in this campaign as secretary to the local committee. The campaign was successful and the statue holds pride of place until today.
He died suddenly on 6 May 1892, following a Guardians meeting at Tregaron. His funeral at Llangeitho attracted a large congregation and the presence of leading figures in Welsh nonconformity, such as Thomas Charles Edwards (his second cousin) and Thomas Levi, as well as numerous county councillors and other public figures, demonstrated the status he had achieved in Cardiganshire society.
He and his wife had ten children together and several became significant figures. He was succeeded as a county councillor by his son, John Humphreys Davies. His daughter Annie was active in the League of Nations. She married the politician and Cymru Fydd leader T. E. Ellis and after his death, Rev. Peter Hughes Griffiths.
# Gennadiy Valyukevich

Gennadiy Valyukevich (Belarusian: Генадзь Валюкевіч; 1 June 1958 – 30 December 2019) was a triple jumper who represented the USSR and later Belarus. He won three medals at the European Indoor Championships.
He was the father of Dmitrij Valukevic, who currently represents Slovakia.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position |
| 1979 | European Indoor Championships | Vienna, Austria | 1st |
| 1982 | European Indoor Championships | Athens, Greece | 2nd |
| 1983 | European Indoor Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 2nd |
# Osiniak-Piotrowo

Osiniak-Piotrowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Ruciane-Nida, 21 km (13 mi) west of Pisz, and 68 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# First-order approach

In microeconomics and contract theory, the first-order approach is a simplifying assumption used to solve models with a principal-agent problem. It suggests that, instead of following the usual assumption that the agent will take an action that is utility-maximizing, the modeller use a weaker constraint, and looks only for actions which satisfy the first-order conditions of the agent's problem. This makes the model mathematically more tractable (usually resulting in closed-form solutions), but it may not always give a valid solution to the agent's problem.

## History

Historically, the first-order approach was the main tool used to solve the first formal moral hazard models, such as those of Richard Zeckhauser, Michael Spence, and Joseph Stiglitz. Not long after these models were published, James Mirrlees was the first to point out that the approach was not generally valid, and sometimes imposed even stronger necessary conditions than those of the original problem. Following this realization, he and other economists such as Bengt Holmström, William P. Rogerson and Ian Jewitt gave both sufficient conditions for cases where the first-order approach gives a valid solution to the problem, and also different techniques that could be applied to solve general principal-agent models.

## Mathematical formulation

In mathematical terms, the first-order approach relaxes the more general incentive compatibility constraint in the principal's problem. The principal decides on an action $a$ and proposes a contract $w$ to the agent by solving the following program:
    ${\underset {w,a}{\operatorname {max} }}$ $U(w,a)$
    subject to
    $(1)$ $V(w,a)\geq {\bar {V}}$
    $(2)$ $a\in {\underset {{\hat {a}}\in A}{\operatorname {argmax} }}V(w,{\hat {a}})$
where $U(w,a)$ and $V(w,a)$ are the principal's and the agent's expected utilities, respectively. Constraint $(1)$ is usually called the participation constraint (where ${\bar {V}}$ is the agent's reservation utility), and constraint $(2)$ is the incentive compatibility constraint.
Constraint $(2)$ states that the action $a$ that the principal wants the agent to take must be utility-maximizing for the agent – that is, it must be compatible with her incentives. The first-order approach relaxes this constraint with the first-order condition
    $(3)$ $V_{a}(w,a)=0$
Equation $(3)$ is oftentimes much simpler and easier to work with than constraint $(2)$, which justifies the attractiveness of the first-order approach. Nonetheless, it is only a necessary condition, and not equivalent to the more general incentive compatibility constraint.
# Austropyrgus ora

Austropyrgus ora is a species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the Hydrobiidae family. This species is endemic to eastern Victoria and southern New South Wales, Australia.
# Bihar Hitaishi District Central Library, Patna City

Bihar Hitaishi District Central Library, Patna City, Bihar, India formerly Bihar Hitaishi Pustakalaya is a central government recognized district level library located in Mangal Talab area of Patna City.

## Computer Literacy Program

Library had started a computer literacy Program for its members with the help of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in 2014. In this program members are educated to gain DCA level knowledge in computers, It is free for library members.
A memento of recognition was awarded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation at IPLC 2015 to Librarian Mr. Vivek Kumar Sinha on the behalf of Bihar Hitaishi District Central Library.

## Gallery

* Computer lab
* Shri Mahendra Arora, director
* Ms. Pilar Pacheco & Mr. Vivek Kumar Sinha at IPLC 2015
# Dostaler

Dostaler is a Canadian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edward Dostaler (born 1988), Canadian charity runner
* Omer Dostaler (1849–1925), Canadian politician
* Pierre-Eustache Dostaler (1809–1884), Canadian politician
* Theresa Dostaler, Canadian hockey activist
# Coronadoa simonsae

Coronadoa simonsae is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Scissurellidae, the little slit snails.
# Joculator bicinctus

Joculator bicinctus is a species of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiopsidae. It was described by Cecalupo and Perugia in 2012.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Papua New Guinea.
# Iolaus obscurus

Iolaus obscurus, the obscure sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in northern Namibia. The habitat consists of dry savanna.
Adults have been recorded in December.
The larvae feed on Plicosepalus kalachariensis.
# Haemanthus nortieri

Haemanthus nortieri is a perennial flowering plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Haemanthus. The species are endemic to the Western Cape and occur on the Nardouwberg. The plant has an area of occurrence smaller than 100 km² and there are three subpopulations. It is threatened by overgrazing and trampling by livestock, road construction, invasive plants and illegal collection by horticulturists.
# Henriette Tilly

Henriette Tilly (19th century-20th century), was a French seamstress, anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist activist. Close to syndicalist circles, she became the treasurer or president of the Comité Féminin, the most significant anarcha-feminist organization in Paris in the early 1910s.
She is also known, alongside Jane Morand, for having greatly influenced the anarchist cooperative Le Cinéma du Peuple, which she helped found, in its focus on feminist themes. Her influence enabled the creation of the first feminist film in history, Les Misères de l’aiguille.

## Biography

Henriette Tilly was a seamstress in Paris, where she resided at 46 Avenue d'Allemagne. Her partner was Maxime Masson, another anarchist of the time, who organized the anarchist movement in the 15th arrondissement. She was connected with syndicalists and notably exchanged several letters with Pierre Monatte, with whom she appeared to be close.
In 1913, Tilly first participated in the intentional community of the Milieu Libre de la Pie, nicknamed the Phalanstère de Saint-Maur. Later, alongside Madeleine Pelletier, she joined the Groupe des Mille Communistes. Finally, she succeeded Jane Morand as treasurer or president of the Comité Féminin, the most significant feminist and revolutionary group in Paris at the time, which adhered to an anarchist ideology.
In October 1913, Henriette Tilly co-founded Le Cinéma du Peuple with other anarchists. This cooperative was dedicated to producing anarchist films, and Tilly appeared to be particularly influential in shaping the feminist and anarcha-feminist direction the cooperative took from the outset. This feminist push culminated in the production of the first feminist film in history, Les Misères de l’aiguille.
She opposed France's entry into World War I and stood firmly against the war. In 1914, Tilly wrote to Pierre Monatte to congratulate him for resigning from his position in this context.
# Mobil Quest

The Mobil Quest was an Australian competition for operatic vocalists which ran from 1949 to 1957, sponsored by the Vacuum Oil Company and broadcast by Melbourne radio station 3DB and relayed to affiliates throughout Australia. It is remembered with wry amusement for judging Ronal Jackson the 1949 winner ahead of Joan Sutherland.

## History

The quest was founded in 1949 with the stated aim of "bringing to the attention of the public the best vocal talent available in the Commonwealth" The Vacuum Oil Company had an honorable association with classical music in Australia, having supported Opera for the People concerts and broadcasts since 1946.
The contest was run Australia-wide, with contestants first passing an audition conducted by a participating radio station, which then conducted a series of heats to select that station's candidates for the semi-finals. Eighteen winners, three from each State, then competed in Melbourne to select the six who competed for the £1,000 prize at a grand final at the Melbourne Town Hall. The heats were broadcast in the relevant State capitals, and the finals broadcast through all participating stations. Lesser prizes for finalists were, respectively, £300, £100, £50, £25, and £15, later £300, £150, and £50 each for the other three finalists. Each singer who appeared on air received a broadcasting fee and all semi-finalists received an all-expenses trip to Melbourne.
The Mobil Quest radio broadcasts between 1949–1956, and the 1957 semifinals, are held in Australia's National Film and Sound Archive.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | 2nd | 3rd | Equal 3rd |
| 1949 | Ronal Jackson | Trudy Daunt | William Smith | |
| 1950 | Joan Sutherland | David Allen | William Smith | |
| 1951 | Margaret Nisbett | Clifford Powell | June Bronhill | |
| 1952 | Donald Smith | Eric Mitchelson | Elizabeth Allen | Marjorie Conley |
| 1953 | Elizabeth Allen | Robert Allman | Raymond McDonald | |
| 1954 | Ronald Austron | John Shaw | Raymond McDonald | |
| 1955 | Marjorie Conley | Margreta Elkins | Heather Begg | Conrad Berensen |
| 1956 | Noel Melville | Heather Begg | Lance Lloyd | |
| 1957 | Nance Grant | Robert Bickerstaff | Richard Bromley | Peter Campbell |
# Carychium pessimum

Carychium pessimum is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae.

## Distribution

South Korea
# Szczudły

Szczudły is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kalinowo, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Kalinowo, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Ełk, and 133 km (83 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Szczuplinki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Szczuplinki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Morąg, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# 2023 Armenian Supercup

The 2023 Armenian Supercup was the 25th Armenian Supercup, an annual football match played between the previous season's Premier League and Armenian Cup winners, Urartu, and the previous season's Armenian Cup runners up, Shirak, with the later winning 6–5 on penalties after an initial 0–0 draw.

## Match details

| Shirak | Urartu |
Darko Vukašinović :
| DF | 4 | Hamlet Mnatsakanyan |
| DF | 5 | Hrayr Mkoyan |
| DF | 26 | Aleksa Vidić | | 106' |
| DF | 99 | Robert Darbinyan |
| MF | 6 | Rafik Misakyan | | 106' |
| MF | 10 | Dimitrije Pobulić | | 86' |
| MF | 11 | Sergey Manukyan | | 59' |
| MF | 19 | Junior Magico Traore | 39' | 72' |
| MF | 21 | Donald Kodia |
| FW | 97 | Cedric Doh | 29' | 72' |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | 96 | Sokrat Hovhannisyan |
| DF | 2 | Hovhannes Gevorgyan |
| DF | 7 | Seryozha Urushanyan | | 59' |
| MF | 8 | Levon Darbinyan | | 72' |
| FW | 9 | Lyova Mryan | | 106' |
| MF | 14 | Suren Tsarukyan |
| DF | 15 | Arsen Sadoyan | | 72' |
| MF | 18 | Samvel Ghukasyan | | 106' |
| MF | 22 | Narek Janoyan | | 86' |
| MF | 24 | Artem Kiba |
| FW | 28 | Narek Khachatryan |
| DF | 44 | Tigran Sumbulyan |
| Manager: |||
| Arsen Hovhannisyan |||
Aleksandr Melikhov :
| DF | 2 | Nana Antwi |
| DF | 3 | Erik Piloyan |
| DF | 4 | Yevhen Tsymbalyuk |
| DF | 88 | Zhirayr Margaryan |
| MF | 5 | Dramane Salou | 56' 90+2' |
| MF | 28 | Pavel Mogilevets | | 86' |
| MF | 77 | Temur Dzhikiya | 20' | 65' |
| MF | 90 | Oleg Polyakov | | 65' |
| FW | 11 | Gevorg Tarakhchyan | | 72' |
| FW | 19 | Nikolai Prudnikov | | 91' |
| Substitutes: |||
| GK | 1 | Mkhitar Umreyan |
| GK | 31 | Dmitry Abakumov |
| MF | 9 | Narek Aghasaryan | 109' | 91' |
| DF | 13 | Ivan Zotko |
| DF | 16 | Barry Isaac |
| FW | 18 | Leon Sabua | | 86' |
| MF | 22 | Mikayel Mirzoyan |
| MF | 23 | Aras Özbiliz | | 72' |
| DF | 24 | Uroš Stojanović |
| MF | 33 | Marcos Júnior | | 65' |
| MF | 56 | Levon Bashoyan |
| FW | 99 | Yaya Sanogo | 105+4' | 65' |
| Manager: |||
| Dmitri Gunko |||
* Assistant referees:
* Mesrop Ghazaryan
* Artur Gdlyan
* Fourth official:
* Artak Vardanyan
# Abdoulaye Keita (footballer, born 1994)

Abdoulaye Keita (born 5 January 1994) is a Malian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.

## Career

On 26 June 2018, Panionios announced Keita's signing for the team. On 17 January 2022, he joined Prix-lès-Mézières.
# Siya Simetu

Siya Simetu (born 22 August 1991) is a South African first-class cricketer. He was included in the South Western Districts cricket team squad for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup.
# Roen Nelson

Roen Nelson (born 8 April 1980) is a Jamaican international footballer who plays for Portmore United, as a striker.

## Career

Nelson has played in Jamaica for Portmore United, in Trinidad for Joe Public, and in China for Chengdu Blades.
Nelson also earned twelve caps for the Jamaica national team between 2002 and 2008.
# Michael Smith (South African cricketer)

Michael Bruce Argo Smith (born 5 May 1980) is a South African cricketer. He played in 89 first-class, 72 List A, and 16 Twenty20 matches from 2003 to 2013.
# Louren Steenkamp

Louren Steenkamp (born 8 May 1997) is a South African cricketer. He made his first-class debut for North West in the 2017–18 Sunfoil 3-Day Cup on 23 November 2017. He made his List A debut for North West in the 2018–19 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge on 21 October 2018.
# Greg Smith (cricketer, born 1983)

Gregory Marc Smith (born 20 April 1983) is a British-South African former cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler who formerly played for Essex. He had previously played for Derbyshire for eight years. Since retiring he has moved to Cornwall where he captains and coaches Penzance. In his first year they struggled to find form and lost to Helston 3 times in a season.
Smith was born in Johannesburg. His international cricketing career began when he played in the Under-19 World Cup competition of 2002 for South Africa, debuting with a steady bowling performance against Bangladesh in a convincing victory for his side. South Africa were to make it to the final of the competition, in which Smith scored a half-century from the number one batting position, though it was not enough to see his team win the match, as this was countered by a century by New South Wales' Under-19 Australian representative Jarrad Burke.
Smith made his first appearance in first-class cricket in October 2003, playing for Griqualand West in the 2003–04 SuperSport series, in which the team finished in second place in the league. Smith would make one half-century during 2003–04, against Boland, and left the team in the summer of 2004.
Desperate for a County Championship place at a burgeoning team, Smith joined Derbyshire and made his debut Second XI Championship appearance in the same period, in July 2004. However, having scored a duck, he was not to appear again for the side until the 2005 season, where he played in both the Second XI Championship and Trophy.
Smith made his debut in the County Championship in the 2006 season, scoring steadily with the bat from the middle order and even trying his hand at bowling during the second innings. As Derbyshire finished mid-table during 2006, Smith stepped in for more appearances for the side, and looked promising for the team's future.
In 2008, Smith scored the 20th century in the history of the Twenty20 Cup with a 62-ball innings against Yorkshire Carnegie on 12 June 2008. He ended on exactly 100 not out, in a winning performance for Derbyshire.
This, as well as other strong performances, led to him being awarded a new contract which will keep him at Derbyshire for a further two years. He has completed his residency period and is looking to qualify as an English player, following a similar path to that of Kevin Pietersen, for example, but in the meantime plays as a Kolpak player.
During the 2011 season, it was announced that he would leave Derbyshire at the end of the season, and in September 2011, he was signed by Essex on a two-year deal, up to the end of the 2013 season. Although continuing with the club after his initial contract ended, he was one of four players released by Essex at the end of the 2015 season. In February 2016 he announced his retirement from first-class cricket, having taken a job as Director of Cricket Development and Head Coach for Penzance Cricket Club.