OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Propane refrigeration

Propane refrigeration is a type of compression refrigeration. Propane (R290) has been used successfully in industrial refrigeration for many years, and is emerging as an increasingly viable alternative for homes and businesses. Propane's operating pressures and temperatures are well suited for use in air conditioning equipment, but because of propane’s flammability, great care is required in the manufacture, installation and servicing of equipment that uses it as a refrigerant.
Propane that is supplied for general use – such as in barbeques and patio heaters – is not suitable for use in refrigeration systems because it can contain high levels of contaminants, including moisture and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Only propane produced specifically for use in refrigeration systems – with a purity of at least 98.5% and moisture content below 10ppm (by weight) – should be used.
With a global warming potential (GWP) of 0.072 and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0, R-290 is of very little threat to the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has listed R-290 as an acceptable refrigerant substitute under its Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP), and recently exempted it from the venting prohibition in Section 608 of the Clean Air Act.
# Mabel Berezin

Mabel Berezin is an American sociologist and a professor in the Department of Sociology at Cornell University.

## Education and career

Berezin earned a Ph.D. in sociology at Harvard University in 1987. She worked at Harvard as a lecturer from 1987 to 1989, as an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Pennsylvania from 1989 to 1996, and as a visiting associate professor at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1996 to 2001. She joined the Cornell University faculty in 2002, and chaired the sociology department there from 2010 to 2014.

## Books

Berezin is the author of:
* Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2009) ISBN 978-0-521-83913-6.
* Europe without Borders: Remapping Territory, Citizenship, and Identity in a Transnational Age (with Martin Schain, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003) ISBN 0-8018-7436-X.
* Making the Fascist Self: The Political Culture of Interwar Italy (Cornell University Press, 1997) ISBN 0-8014-3202-2.
# Ri Sang-sim

Ri Sang-sim (Korean: 리상심; born October 10, 1979, in Pyongyang) is a North Korean judoka who competed in the women's half-lightweight category. She finished fifth in the 52-kg division at the 2003 World Judo Championships in Osaka, Japan, and also represented her nation North Korea at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Ri qualified for the North Korean squad in the women's half-lightweight class (52 kg) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, by placing third and granting a berth from the A-Tournament in Tallinn, Estonia. She lost her opening match to Japanese judoka and eventual silver medalist Yuki Yokosawa who scored an ippon victory and pulverized her with a tate shiho gatame (vertical four-quarter hold) at two minutes and twenty-seven seconds. In the repechage, Ri gave herself a chance for an Olympic bronze medal by taking a two-point advantage on yuko against Senegal's Hortense Diédhiou, but came to a halt with a loss on points and an uchi mata makikomi (inner thigh wraparound) hold to British judoka and 2002 Commonwealth Games champion Georgina Singleton.
# Yvonne Okwara

Yvonne Okwara Matole is a Kenyan television journalist working for Citizen TV. She has 13 years of experience in radio and television.

## Biography

Okwara was born on March 16, 1983, in Nairobi, Kenya. She is an alumnus of Kianda High School. She holds a BSc in microbiology from the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. She is a graduate of the Bloomberg/ Africa Leadership Initiative Media fellowship.
Okwara's first job in media was at KBC where she was doing a children's show. She was hired by radio station, Hot 96FM. She later joined the Nation group through QFM, QTV. She was hired by Kenya Television Network (KTN).

## Personal life

She is married to Andrew Matole, who is a veterinary surgeon.
# Tangwang language

The Tangwang language (Chinese: 唐汪话; pinyin: Tángwànghuà) is a variety of Mandarin Chinese heavily influenced by the Mongolic Santa language (Dongxiang). It is spoken in a dozen or so villages in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Gansu Province, China. The linguist Mei W. Lee-Smith calls this creole language the "Tangwang language" (Chinese: 唐汪话), based on the names of the two largest villages (Tangjia 唐家 and Wangjia 汪家, parts of Tangwang town) where it is spoken.

## Speakers

According to Lee-Smith (1996), the Tangwang language is spoken by about 20,000 people living in the north-eastern part of the Dongxiang Autonomous County (Tangwang town). These people self-identify as Dongxiang (Santa) or Hui people. The Tangwang speakers don't speak Dongxiang language.

## Description

The Tangwang language uses mostly Mandarin words and morphemes with Dongxiang grammar. Besides Dongxiang loanwords, Tangwang also has a substantial number of Arabic and Persian loanwords.
Like standard Mandarin, Tangwang is a tonal language. However, grammatical particles, which are typically borrowed from Mandarin but used in the way Dongxiang morphemes would be used in Dongxiang, do not carry tones.
For example, while the Mandarin plural suffix -men (们) has only very restricted usage (it can be used with personal pronouns and some nouns related to people), Tangwang uses it, in the form -m, universally, the way Dongxiang would use its plural suffix -la. The Mandarin pronoun nǐ (你) can be used in Tangwang as a possessive suffix (meaning "your").
Unlike Mandarin, but like Dongxiang, Tangwang has grammatical cases as well (but only four of them, instead of eight in Dongxiang).
The word order of Tangwang is the same as Dongxiang subject–object–verb form.
Tangwang combines the characteristics of Mandarin Chinese and Dongxiang Mongolian. The hybrid language is a symbol of language blending. According to Lee-Smith, the blending is caused by the Silk Road.
# Arthur Kleinclausz

Arthur Kleinclausz (8 April 1869, in Auxonne – 30 November 1947, in Lyon) was a French medieval historian, best known for his work associated with the histories of Burgundy, Lyon and of the Carolingian era.
He studied history at Lyon, and afterwards worked as a high school teacher in Belfort and Dijon. In 1904 he was appointed professor of medieval history at the University of Lyon, where in 1931 he became dean to the Faculty of Letters.
From 1922 to 1941 he served as president of the Commission des musées de Lyon, and in 1925 was named director of the École des Beaux Arts de Lyon.

## Selected works

* L'Empire carolingien, ses origines et ses transformations, 1902 – The Carolingian Empire, its origins and its transformations.
* Le Christianisme, les barbares, Mérovingiens et Carolingiens, (Christianity, the barbarians, Merovingians and Carolingians), 1903, with Charles Bayet and Christian Pfister, volume II, part I of Histoire de France depuis les origines jusqu'à la Révolution, a project headed by Ernest Lavisse.
* Claus Sluter et la sculpture bourguignonne au XVe siècle, 1905 – Claus Sluter and Bungundian sculpture of the 15th century.
* Dijon et Beaune, 1907 – Dijon and Beaune.
* Histoire de Bourgogne, 1909, 2nd edition 1924 – History of Burgundy.
* Lyon, des origines à nos jours : la formation de la cité, 1925 – Lyon, from its origins until today. The formation of the city.
* La Provence, 1930 – Provence.
* Charlemagne, 1934 – Charlemagne.
* Eginhard, 1942 – Eginhard.
* Alcuin, 1948 – Alcuin.
# Ballestrem

The Ballestrem family is the name of a German noble family, originally from Piedmont, Italy. Members of the family held political positions within the German Empire. The family is still extant, despite losing much of their land in 1945.

## History

Originally named Ballestrero di Castellengo, they are first attested to as patrician merchants in the sixteenth century. At the end of the seventeenth century, Marco Francesco Antonio Ballestrero was enfeoffed with the County of Montalenghe, near Turin. His son, Count Giovanni Angelo Battista Ballestrero, moved to Germany, taking the name Johann Baptist von Ballestrem and eventually joining the Prussian officer corps. Johann married into the wealthy Stechow family, leading the German Ballestrems to eventually inherit the lucrative Plawniowitz estate in Silesia, then part of Prussia and now part of Poland. In 1742, the family was raised to the title of Count.

## Notable members

* Count Franz von Ballestrem (1834-1910), was the tenth President of the Reichstag of the German Empire.
* Countess Eufemia von Ballestrem (1854–1941), was a German aristocratic novelist.
* Countess Lagi von Ballestrem (31 August 1909 – 14 September 1955), was a prominent anti-Nazi who was sent to Ravensbrück concentration camp in 1944.
# Krzysztof Wybieralski

Krzysztof Wybieralski (born 1 February 1972 in Poznań) is a Polish former field hockey player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics.
He is brother of Łukasz Wybieralski; son of Józef Wybieralski; nephew of Jerzy Wybieralski.
# Grabowo Leśne

Grabowo Leśne is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Janowiec Kościelny, within Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy

Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy (German: Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassischen deutschen Philosophie) is a book published by Friedrich Engels in 1886.
According to Engels, the seed for this book was planted 40 years before, in The German Ideology written by Karl Marx and Engels, but unpublished in their lifetimes. The undertaking is performed to deal critically with German philosophy from a dialectical materialist position. Here Engels emphasized the importance of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach for their own theories.
Hegel's idealist, conservative system must be distinguished from his materialist, revolutionary method of dialectics. Feuerbach had turned to law against Hegel's idealistic system and "the fundamental question of philosophy": the relation of thinking and being. But Feuerbach rejected Hegel's dialectical method, which is why his view of man and nature remained abstract and unhistorical. Marx only kept the "rational" content from the dialectical method and freed it from their idealistic form.

## Publication history

The book was only about 50 pages long, and was written early in 1886, and published that year in Die Neue Zeit, issues No. 4 and 5. In 1888 a revised print by Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Dietz was published in Stuttgart, which contained some additional commentary by Engels. In this edition, Marx' 1845 Theses on Feuerbach was also reprinted for the first time. The first English translation by Austin Lewis was published in the United States in 1903 by Charles H. Kerr & Company.
# Gordon Davie

Samuel Gordon Davie (7 July 1903 – 18 February 1941) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Salvatore Epicoco

Salvatore Epicoco (born 1897, date of death unknown) was an Italian weightlifter. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Martín Molina

Martín Molina Salvador (born 2 November 1994) is a Spanish boxer. He competed at the 2022 European Amateur Boxing Championships, winning the gold medal in the flyweight event. He also competed at the 2023 IBA Men's World Boxing Championships, winning the bronze medal in the same event.
# Marcin Kaczmarek (swimmer)

Marcin Kaczmarek (born 25 June 1977 in Pisz, Warmińsko-Mazurskie) is a retired butterfly swimmer from Poland, who competed for his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
A member of AZS-AWF Gdańsk he is best known for winning the bronze medal at the 1997 European Swimming Championships in the men's 4×100 m medley relay, alongside Mariusz Siembida, Marek Krawczyk and Bartosz Kizierowski.
# Siegfried Joksch

Siegfried Joksch (4 July 1917 – 29 April 2006) was an Austrian international footballer. He played for Austria at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Skukum Group

The Skukum Group is a 55-million-year-old volcanic group in northern British Columbia and southern Yukon, Canada, approximately 140 km$^2$ in size. The group is encircled by the Watson and Wheaton rivers. It is part of the larger Sloko Volcanic Province, which encompasses part of southern Yukon and Alaska as well as northwestern British Columbia, ending around the Stikine River. The andesite from the Skukum Group houses the Mount Skukum gold deposit southwest of Whitehorse.
# Andy Bean

Andy Bean may refer to:
* Andy Bean (golfer)
* Andy Bean (actor)
# Les Thomas (footballer)

Les Thomas (28 May 1906 – 13 August 1997) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Sandro Cois

Sandro Cois (Italian pronunciation:; born 9 June 1972) is an Italian former professional footballer. He enjoyed a lengthy career, playing primarily as a defensive midfielder for Italian clubs Torino, Saviglianese, Fiorentina, Sampdoria, and Piacenza. Due to his tactical intelligence, passing, stamina, tenacity, and versatility, he was capable of playing in several midfield and defensive positions. At international level, he represented Italy on three occasions between 1998 and 1999, and was member of the team that took part at the 1998 FIFA World Cup.

## Club career

Cois was born in Fossano. He played for several clubs throughout his career, including Torino (1988–1994), Sampdoria (2002–03) and Piacenza (2003). He achieved notable success with Torino early in his career, after achieving Serie A promotion by winning the 1989–90 Serie B title with the club. He later won the Mitropa Cup in 1991, the Coppa Italia in 1993, and he helped his team to the 1991–92 UEFA Cup final, after helping his team to qualify for the tournament by leading them to a third place in Serie A in 1991. In the 1992 UEFA Cup Final, they were defeated by Ajax on aggregate.
Cois is perhaps best known for his spell at Fiorentina (1994–2002) in the mid-late 90s where he won over the fans with his tireless running and tenacious play, becoming important to the side as the less glamorous foil to playmakers like Rui Costa and Domenico Morfeo. With the club he won two Coppa Italia trophies in 1996 and 2001, and a Supercoppa Italiana in 1996, also helping Fiorentina to two third-place finishes in Serie A in 1996 and 1999.

## International career

It was during his period with Fiorentina in the late 90s that Cois broke into the Italy national football team. He was a participant at the 1998 FIFA World Cup, although he never became a regular in the side, winning just 3 caps between 1998 and 1999, one of which was in an unofficial match against the FIFA World Stars, also failing to make an appearance at the 1998 World Cup.

## Honours
### Player
#### Club

Torino
* Coppa Italia: 1992–93
* Supercoppa Italiana: Runner-up 1994
* Serie B: 1989–90
* UEFA Cup: Runner-up 1991–92
* Mitropa Cup: 1991
* Memorial Pier Cesare Baretti: 1990, Runner-up 1993
Fiorentina
* Coppa Italia: 1995–96, 2000–01
* Supercoppa Italiana: 1996; Runner-up 2001
# Marek Krawczyk

Marek Krawczyk (born 23 March 1976 in Gdańsk, Pomorskie) is a retired breaststroke swimmer from Poland, who competed for his native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia).
As a member of AZS-AWF Gdańsk, he is best known for winning the bronze medal at the 1997 European Swimming Championships, in the men's 4×100 m medley relay, alongside Mariusz Siembida, Marcin Kaczmarek and Bartosz Kizierowski.
# Mindanao State University–Maguindanao

Mindanao State University-Maguindanao (commonly referred to as MSU-Maguindanao) is a public institution of higher education located in Barangay Dalican, in the municipality of Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines. It was established on October 10, 1973, by Mindanao State University Board of Regents (BOR) through Resolution No. 821 series of 1973. The university is nicknamed Trailblazers.

## History

Mindanao State University-Maguindanao was originally known as MSU Dinaig Agricultural and Technical College (MSU-DATC). "Dinaig" was the former name of Datu Odin Sinsuat until it was renamed in 1994 by virtue of Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 29 during the Second Assembly.
The campus began its operations in 1973 with only 7faculty members, 15 administrative personnel, and an initial enrollment of 126 students. In its early years, the university offered only three courses: Agriculture, Forestry, and Community Development. Initially, classes were conducted at the grandstand of Dalican (Poblacion) Pilot Elementary School. However, in 1975, all the school facilities were destroyed in a fire. Following this event, the then mayor of Dinaig, Datu Odin Sinsuat, donated and sold a portion of his 55-hectare property, which now serves as the university's current campus.
MSU-Maguindanao was granted fiscal autonomy by virtue of BOR Resolution no. 48 in 1982. It was later renamed to its current name by virtue of BOR Resolution No. 561, series of 1982.

## Academic units

Undergraduate and Graduate Programs
The university currently offers 19 baccalaureate programs, nine graduate programs, and two diploma courses, organized under seven academic units.
* Graduate Studies
* College of Agriculture
* College of Arts and Sciences
* College of College of Public Affairs and Governance
* College of Education
* College of Fisheries
* College of Forestry and Environmental Studies
Secondary Education
MSU-Maguindanao also houses a secondary school known as the Integrated Laboratory Science High School (ILSHS), which operates under the College of Education. The school provides education for both Junior High School (Grades 7-10) and Senior High School (Grades 11-12) levels. The Senior High School only offers Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).
# Grabówek, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Grabówek is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Mikołajki, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Mikołajki, 27 km (17 mi) east of Mrągowo, and 80 km (50 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Alfred Birlem

August Robert Alfred Birlem (January 10, 1888 – April 13, 1956) was a German football player and referee, known for officiating in high-profile international tournaments during the 1930s.

## Early Life and Playing Career

Born in Berlin, Germany, Birlem began his football career as a player. He played for various clubs in Berlin, including Union 92, Berliner SC, and Viktoria 89. During his playing career, Birlem represented Berlin city in regional competitions, making nine appearances.

### Refereeing Career

After his time as a player, Birlem transitioned to refereeing, where he became notable for his role in several international and domestic matches.
* 1934 FIFA World Cup: Birlem officiated the first-round match between Spain and Brazil, in which Spain won 3–1. He also served as an assistant referee in the Austria vs. Hungary quarterfinal match.
* 1936 Summer Olympics: Birlem was the referee for the bronze medal match between Norway and Poland, which ended in a 3–2 victory for Norway.
* 1938 FIFA World Cup: He officiated the replay of the Cuba vs. Romania first-round match, where Cuba emerged victorious 2–1. Birlem also served as an assistant referee for the France vs. Belgium match.
Throughout his international refereeing career, Birlem officiated in 21 matches between 1927 and 1939.

## Domestic Contributions

Birlem also played an instrumental role in German football, officiating numerous key matches in national competitions:
* German Championship Finals: He refereed the 1932 final between FC Bayern Munich and Eintracht Frankfurt, as well as the 1933 final between Fortuna Düsseldorf and FC Schalke 04.
* Tschammerpokal Final: In 1935, Birlem officiated the inaugural German Cup final between 1. FC Nürnberg and FC Schalke 04.

## Later Life and Legacy

After retiring from refereeing, Birlem continued to contribute to football through administrative roles. In 1951, he was appointed director of the sports school for the Verband Berliner Ballspielvereine (VBB) at Kleiner Wannsee, aiming to develop future football talent in Berlin.
# Nikkan Sports Film Award for Best Actor

The Nikkan Sports Film Award for Best Actor is an award given at the Nikkan Sports Film Award.

## List of winners

| No. | Year | Actor | Film(s) |
| 1 | 1988 | Kiyoshi Atsumi | Tora-san Plays Daddy |
| 2 | 1989 | Eiji Okuda | Death of a Tea Master |
| 3 | 1990 | Yoshio Harada | Roningai Ware ni Utsu Yōi Ari |
| 4 | 1991 | Rentarō Mikuni | My Sons |
| 5 | 1992 | Yoshio Harada | |
| 6 | 1993 | Toshiyuki Nishida | A Class to Remember |
| 7 | 1994 | Kōichi Satō | Crest of Betrayal Tokarefu |
| 8 | 1995 | Hiroyuki Sanada | Sharaku |
| 9 | 1996 | Kōji Yakusho | Shall We Dance? |
| 10 | 1997 | Tetsuya Watari | Yūkai |
| 11 | 1998 | Akira Emoto | Dr. Akagi |
| 12 | 1999 | Masahiro Motoki | Gemini |
| 13 | 2000 | Akira Terao | After the Rain |
| 14 | 2001 | Naoto Takenaka | Sanmon Yakusha Rendan |
| 15 | 2002 | Hiroyuki Sanada | The Twilight Samurai |
| 16 | 2003 | Kiichi Nakai | When the Last Sword Is Drawn |
| 17 | 2004 | Takeshi Kitano | Blood and Bones |
| 18 | 2005 | Somegorō Ichikawa | The Samurai I Loved Ashurajō no Hitomi |
| 19 | 2006 | Ken Watanabe | Memories of Tomorrow |
| 20 | 2007 | Takuya Kimura | Love and Honor |
| 21 | 2008 | Masahiro Nakai | Watashi wa Kai ni Naritai |
| 22 | 2009 | Shōfukutei Tsurube | Dear Doctor |
| 23 | 2010 | Satoshi Tsumabuki | Villain |
| 24 | 2011 | Kenichi Matsuyama | My Back Page |
| 25 | 2012 | Ken Takakura | Anata e |
| 26 | 2013 | Ryuhei Matsuda | The Great Passage |
| 27 | 2014 | Junichi Okada | The Eternal Zero A Samurai Chronicle |
| 28 | 2015 | Kengo Kora | The Mourner Being Good |
| 29 | 2016 | Kōichi Satō | 64: Part I - Part II |
| 30 | 2017 | Masaki Suda | Wilderness Kiseki: Sobito of That Day Teiichi: Battle of Supreme High Hibana: Spark |
| 31 | 2018 | Tori Matsuzaka | Call Boy Impossibility Defense |
| 32 | 2019 | Sosuke Ikematsu | Miyamoto |
| 33 | 2020 | Shun Oguri | The Voice of Sin |
| 34 | 2021 | Hidetoshi Nishijima | Drive My Car What Did You Eat Yesterday? |
| 35 | 2022 | Hiroshi Abe | Tombi: Father and Son Offbeat Cops |
| 36 | 2023 | Ryohei Suzuki | Egoist Tokyo MER: Mobile Emergency Room – The Movie |
| 37 | 2024 | Makiya Yamaguchi | A Samurai in Time |
# Acer X960

Announced at the Mobile World Congress during February 2009, the X960 is one of Acer’s first five mobile phones, labelled the Acer Tempo Smartphone Series.
The X960 is a 3.5G quad-band Windows Mobile device with a 2.8-inch, 640 x 480 touch screen, which is operated via a stylus, and a five-way navigation button. It uses Acer’s Easy Keyboard to enable messaging, while more generally the interface uses the Acer 2.0 software
The device has a 3.2MP autofocus rear mounted camera with flash, and a front-facing VGA camera for video calls. Location-based services are provided by SiRFstarIII GPS. Talk time is up to six hours, while standby is up to 275 hours. The Windows Mobile 6.1 Professional software suite includes access to the Outlook Mobile email client, as well as mobile versions of Internet Explorer, MSN Messenger, Windows Live and Windows Media Player 10.
The X960 launched at around £300/€350 (excluding tax) in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia.
# George Gibbs (Australian footballer)

George Gibbs (3 October 1905 – 27 February 1987) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy and Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Family

The son of George Gibbs (1879-1943), and Ada Alice Gibbs (1879-1962), née Musgrove, George Gibbs was born at Carlton, Victoria on 3 October 1905. His brother, Leslie Gibbs (1918-1976), played with Melbourne and Preston.
# Valerio Pinton

Valerio Pinton (born 14 February 1978) is an Italian rower. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics.