OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nenad Kovačević

Nenad Kovačević (Serbian Cyrillic: Ненад Ковачевић; born 11 November 1980) is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

Kovačević captained Red Star Belgrade and joined French top-tier outfit Lens in 2006.

## International career

On the national level, Kovačević played 8 times for the Serbia and Montenegro team between 2003 and 2005 and another 17 for Serbia, totaling 25 caps (no goals). His final international was a May 2008 friendly match against Russia.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Red Star | 2002–03 | SuperLiga | 28 | 0 | ? | ? | 4 | 0 | - | - | 32 | 0 |
| Red Star | 2003–04 | SuperLiga | 7 | 0 | ? | ? | 1 | 0 | - | - | 8 | 0 |
| Red Star | 2004–05 | SuperLiga | 22 | 0 | ? | ? | 2 | 0 | - | - | 24 | 0 |
| Red Star | 2005–06 | SuperLiga | 25 | 1 | ? | ? | 6 | 0 | - | - | 31 | 1 |
| Red Star | 2006–07 | SuperLiga | 3 | 0 | ? | ? | 4 | 0 | - | - | 7 | 0 |
| Red Star | Total | Total | 85 | 1 | | | 17 | 0 | | | 102 | 1 |
| Lens | 2006–07 | Ligue 1 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| Lens | 2007–08 | Ligue 1 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
| Lens | 2008–09 | Ligue 2 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| Lens | 2009–10 | Ligue 1 | 26 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Lens | 2010–11 | Ligue 1 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| Lens | Total | Total | 128 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 142 | 1 |
| Red Star | 2011–12 | SuperLiga | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | - | - | 18 | 0 |
| Baku | 2011–12 | Premier League | 9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 13 | 0 |
| Baku | 2012–13 | Premier League | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 13 | 0 |
| Baku | Total | Total | 20 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | 26 | 0 |
| UTA Arad | 2012–13 | Liga II | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 5 | 0 |
| Nîmes | 2013–14 | Ligue 2 | 35 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 37 | 1 |
| Nîmes | 2014–15 | Ligue 2 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Nîmes | Total | Total | 50 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 52 | 1 |
| Zemun | 2015–16 | First League | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 5 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 305 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 350 | 2 |

### International

| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Serbia and Montenegro / Serbia | 2003 | 5 | 0 |
| Serbia and Montenegro / Serbia | 2004 | 0 | 0 |
| Serbia and Montenegro / Serbia | 2005 | 3 | 0 |
| Serbia and Montenegro / Serbia | 2006 | 5 | 0 |
| Serbia and Montenegro / Serbia | 2007 | 9 | 0 |
| Serbia and Montenegro / Serbia | 2008 | 4 | 0 |
| Serbia and Montenegro / Serbia | Total | 26 | 0 |

## Honours

Red Star Belgrade
* First League of Serbia and Montenegro: 2003–04, 2005–06
* Serbia and Montenegro Cup: 2003–04, 2005–06
Lens
* Ligue 2: 2008–09
# Petar Patev

Petar Patev (Bulgarian Cyrillic: Петър Патев; born 21 May 1993) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Burgas Sport.

## Career

On 22 August 2021, Patev signed for Istiklol on a contract until the end of the 2021 season.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 21 May 2022
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Pomorie | 2011–12 | B Group | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 11 | 0 |
| Neftochimic Burgas | 2012–13 | B Group | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 14 | 0 |
| Neftochimic Burgas | 2013–14 | A Group | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 14 | 0 |
| Neftochimic Burgas | Total | Total | 25 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 28 | 0 |
| Spartak Varna | 2013–14 | B Group | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 12 | 2 |
| Burgas | 2014–15 | B Group | 23 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 24 | 2 |
| Dunav Ruse | 2015–16 | B Group | 21 | 3 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 22 | 3 |
| Dunav Ruse | 2016–17 | Bulgarian First League | 31 | 1 | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 33 | 1 |
| Dunav Ruse | 2017–18 | Bulgarian First League | 28 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
| Dunav Ruse | 2018–19 | Bulgarian First League | 27 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 1 | 0 | 29 | 0 |
| Dunav Ruse | Total | Total | 107 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 121 | 4 |
| Slavia Sofia | 2019–20 | Bulgarian First League | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 20 | 0 |
| Slavia Sofia | 2020–21 | Bulgarian First League | 11 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 15 | 0 |
| Slavia Sofia | Total | Total | 30 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 35 | 0 |
| Istiklol | 2021 | Tajik League | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
| Spartak Varna | 2021–22 | Bulgarian First League | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | 10 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 227 | 9 | 16 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 251 | 9 |
* 1 2 Appearances in the UEFA Europa League
* 1 2 Relegation Playoff
* ↑ Appearances in the AFC Champions League
* ↑ Appearances in the Tajik Supercup

## Honours
### Istiklol

* Tajikistan Higher League (1): 2021
# Chao Jou

Chao Jou (born 23 March 1995) is a Taiwanese karateka. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's kumite 68 kg event at the 2014 Asian Games held in Incheon, South Korea. In 2018, she lost her bronze medal match against Kayo Someya of Japan in that event at the Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia.
She won the silver medal in the women's team kumite event at the 2016 World University Karate Championships held in Braga, Portugal.
At the 2019 Asian Karate Championships held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, she won one of the bronze medals in the women's kumite 68 kg event. In 2021, she competed in the women's 68 kg event at the World Karate Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
In 2023, she won one of the bronze medals in the women's team kumite event at the Asian Karate Championships held in Malacca, Malaysia. She lost her bronze medal match in the women's kumite 68 kg event at the 2022 Asian Games held in Hangzhou, China.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Rank | Event |
| 2013 | Asian Championships | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 3rd | Team kumite |
| 2014 | Asian Games | Incheon, South Korea | 3rd | Kumite 68 kg |
| 2015 | Asian Championships | Yokohama, Japan | 3rd | Kumite 68 kg |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Astana, Kazakhstan | 2nd | Team kumite |
| 2019 | Asian Championships | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 3rd | Kumite 68 kg |
| 2023 | Asian Championships | Malacca, Malaysia | 3rd | Team kumite |
# Jan Poštulka

Jan Poštulka (born 9 March 1949) is a Czech former football player and later coach. He played as a goalkeeper for Czechoslovak teams Sparta Prague and Bohemians Prague. As a head coach, he enjoyed his greatest success in Central America (Champion of Central America, Champion of Costa Rica, Guatemala Cup Winner, LG Cup Winner) where he worked in the 1990s with the L.D.Alajuelense. As a coach, he spent some years with Sparta Prague. He managed FC Banants Yerevan to victory in the 2007 Armenian Cup.

## Playing career (goalkeeper)

* 1971–78 Sparta Prague 1.Czechoslovakia's league
* 1978–80 Inter Bratislava 1.Czechoslovakia's league
* 1980–83 Bohemians Prague 1.Czechoslovakia's league (80–83 participation in UEFA Cup)

## Trainer career

* 1983–90 Bohemians Prague 1.Czech league – Assistant of head coach
   * champion of Czech Republic
   * participation in UEFA Cup
* 1990–91 Hradec Králové 1.Czech league – Assistant of head coach
* 1991–93 L.D.Alajuelense 1.Costa Rican league – Head coach
   * champion of Costa Rica
   * champion of Central America and the Caribbean
   * finalist of CONCACAF
* 1996–98 Sparta Prague 1. Czech league – Assistant of head coach
   * 2x champion of the Czech Republic
   * 2x participation in UEFA Champions League
* 1998–99 Municipal de Guatemala 1.Guatemalan league – Head coach
   * winner of Guatemala Cup
   * LG cup winner (venue Costa Rica)
* 2000–04 FK Teplice 1. Czech league – assistant and head coach
   * Czech cup winner
   * 3rd round of UEFA Cup
* 2005 SK Dynamo Ceské Budejovice 1.Czech league – assistant of head coach
* 2007 FC Banants Yerevan 1. Armenian league – Head coach
** Armenian Cup winner

## Other

Fair Play prize of the Czech Olympic Committee for lifetime contribution.

## Trivia

His son Tomáš Poštulka is a goalkeeper, playing notably for Sparta Prague.
# Danzangiin Lundeejantsan

Danzangiin Lundeejantsan (Mongolian: Данзангийн Лүндээжанцан, Danzangiin Lundeejantsan; born 25 November 1957) is a Mongolian politician who was Chairman of the State Great Khural from January 2007 to November 2008 and Vice Chairman of the Great Khural from 2004 to 2007. He has been a member of the State Great Khural, the Mongolian parliament, since 1990.
In addition, D.Lundeejantsan is the founder of the first private law school in Mongolia which is now Shihihutug University. Before 1990, the National University of Mongolia was the sole institution providing professional legal education in Mongolia. Following the victory of the Democratic Revolution, a shift in policy allowed for the acceptance of diverse forms of property ownership, paving the way for the establishment of Shihihutug University.
This institution became the first to realize the ambition and vision of founding a private university while introducing a new curriculum in legal education. The university's name, Shihihutug, was given by its founder, D. Lundeejantsan.
# Myumyun Kashmer

Myumyun Kashmer (Bulgarian: Мюмюн Кашмер; born 20 January 1962), also known under his Bulgarian passport name Milan Kashmerov, is a former Bulgarian footballer of Turkish descent, who played as a forward.

## Honours
### Club
#### Lokomotiv Sofia

* Bulgarian Cup: 1982

#### Levski Sofia

* A Group: 1984–85

#### Beroe Stara Zagora

* A Group: 1985–86
# List of Liberal Democrat members of the Scottish Parliament

This is a list of Scottish Liberal Democrats MSPs. It includes all members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) who represented the Scottish Liberal Democrats (aka "Lib Dems") in the Scottish Parliament.

## List of MSPs

| Name | Constituency or region | Type | Start year | End year |
| Andrew Arbuckle | Mid Scotland and Fife | Region | 2005 | 2007 |
| Robert Brown | Glasgow | Region | 1999 | 2011 |
| Alex Cole-Hamilton | Edinburgh Western | Constituency | 2016 | |
| Ross Finnie | West Scotland | Region | 1999 | 2011 |
| Donald Gorrie | Central Scotland | Region | 1999 | 2007 |
| Jim Hume | South of Scotland | Region | 2007 | 2011 |
| Jim Hume | South Scotland | Region | 2011 | 2016 |
| Ian Jenkins | Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale | Constituency | 1999 | 2003 |
| George Lyon | Argyll and Bute | Constituency | 1999 | 2007 |
| Liam McArthur | Orkney | Constituency | 2007 | |
| Alison McInnes | North East Scotland | Region | 2007 | 2016 |
| John Farquhar Munro | Ross | Constituency | 1999 | 2011 |
| Hugh O'Donnell | Central Scotland | Region | 2007 | 2011 |
| Mike Pringle | Edinburgh South | Constituency | 2003 | 2011 |
| Jeremy Purvis | Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale | Constituency | 2003 | 2011 |
| Nora Radcliffe | Gordon | Constituency | 1999 | 2007 |
| Keith Raffan | Mid Scotland and Fife | Region | 1999 | 2005 |
| Willie Rennie | Mid Scotland and Fife | Region | 2011 | 2016 |
| Willie Rennie | North East Fife | Constituency | 2016 | |
| Euan Robson | Roxburgh and Berwickshire | Constituency | 1999 | 2007 |
| Mike Rumbles | West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine | Constituency | 1999 | 2011 |
| Mike Rumbles | North East Scotland | Region | 2011 | 2021 |
| Tavish Scott | Shetland | Constituency | 1999 | 2019 |
| Iain Smith | North East Fife | Constituency | 1999 | 2011 |
| Margaret Smith | Edinburgh West | Constituency | 1999 | 2011 |
| David Steel | Lothians | Constituency | 1999 | 1999 |
| Nicol Stephen | Aberdeen South | Constituency | 1999 | 2011 |
| Jamie Stone | Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross | Constituency | 1999 | 2011 |
| Jim Tolson | Dunfermline West | Constituency | 2007 | 2011 |
| Jim Wallace | Orkney | Constituency | 1999 | 2007 |
| Beatrice Wishart | Shetland | Constituency | 2019 | |
# Alex Boyle

Alexander William Boyle (14 December 1929 – 29 July 2018) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# The Hawk of Lebanon

"The Hawk of Lebanon" (Arabic: هلا يا صقر لبنان) is a popular song in the Arab world about Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. The song was written by little known Palestinian boy band Firkat al-Shamal (Band of the North) at the height of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.
The lyrics consist of constant repetition of a few simple rhymes: "Hey, you, hawk of Lebanon. Hey, you, Nasrallah. Your men are from Hezbollah and victory is yours with God's help." Lead singer and manager Alaa Abu al-Haija, 28, said he gives the audiences what they want to hear. "I see people turning toward Islam, so I have to sing to that," said Alaa.
Palestinian fever for the song brought together supporters of Hamas and Fatah who are usually divided in the Palestinian society.

## Trivia

* Another song called "Yalla Ya Nasrallah" by an Israeli group was also written about Nasrallah during the same time. However, the song has an alternate view of Hassan Nasrallah, calling him an orangutan with lice in his beard.
# Gu Shiau-shuang

Gu Shiau-shuang (born 7 August 1997) is a Taiwanese karateka. She is a two-time gold medalist in the women's 50 kg kumite event at the Asian Games. She also won the gold medal in her event at the 2022 Asian Karate Championships.

## Career

At the 2017 Asian Karate Championships held in Astana, Kazakhstan, she won the silver medal in the women's team kumite event. In 2018, at the Asian Karate Championships held in Amman, Jordan, she won one of the bronze medals in the women's kumite 50 kg event. She repeated this in 2019 with a bronze medal in the same event.
In 2018, she won the silver medal in the women's kumite 50 kg event at the World University Karate Championships held in Kobe, Japan. She won the gold medal in the women's kumite 50 kg event at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia. In the final, she defeated Bakhriniso Babaeva of Uzbekistan. She won one of the bronze medals in her event at the 2021 Asian Karate Championships held in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
She lost her bronze medal match in the women's 50 kg event at the 2022 World Games held in Birmingham, United States. In 2023, she won the gold medal in the women's 50 kg event at the 2022 Asian Games held in Hangzhou, China. She defeated Moldir Zhangbyrbay of Kazakhstan in her gold medal match.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Rank | Event |
| 2017 | Asian Championships | Astana, Kazakhstan | 2nd | Team kumite |
| 2018 | Asian Championships | Amman, Jordan | 3rd | Kumite 50 kg |
| 2018 | World University Karate Championships | Kobe, Japan | 2nd | Kumite 50 kg |
| 2018 | Asian Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | 1st | Kumite 50 kg |
| 2019 | Asian Championships | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 3rd | Kumite 50 kg |
| 2021 | Asian Championships | Almaty, Kazakhstan | 3rd | Kumite 50 kg |
| 2022 | Asian Championships | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 1st | Kumite 50 kg |
| 2023 | Asian Games | Hangzhou, China | 1st | Kumite 50 kg |
# 1964–65 Moroccan Throne Cup

The 1964–65 season of the Moroccan Throne Cup was the 9th edition of the competition.
The clubs in Division 1 only entered in the round of 16, while the teams from lower divisions had to play preliminary rounds. Teams played one-legged matches. In case of a draw, the match was replayed at the opponents' ground.
Kawkab Marrakech won the cup, beating Raja Club Athletic 3–1 in the final, played at the Stade d'honneur in Casablanca. Kawkab Marrakech won the cup for the third time, and the third time in a row. They also became the first Moroccan team to win the cup three times in a row.

## Tournament

The final took place between the two winning semi-finalists, Kawkab Marrakech and Raja Club Athletic, on 13 June 1965 at the Stade d'honneur in Casablanca. The match was refereed by Salih Mohamed Boukkili. It was the first final for Raja Club Athletic, while for KAC Marrakech, it was the fourth, and the third in a row. The club had won their first two cups in the previous two years. KAC Marrakech won the match 3–1, thanks to goals from Lachheb ( 46'), Chicha ( 87'), and Khaldi ( 89'), with Raja's sole reply being the opener from Bhaija. It was therefore the third consecutive title for Kawkab Marrakech in the competition, and the first defeat in the final for Raja.
# August 32nd on Earth

August 32nd on Earth (French: Un 32 août sur terre, and also known as 32nd Day of August on Earth) is a 1998 Canadian drama film directed and written by Denis Villeneuve, in his feature film directorial debut, and produced by Roger Frappier. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. Alexis Martin won the Prix Jutra for Best Actor. The film was selected as the Canadian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 71st Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

## Plot

In the aftermath of a highway mishap, photo model Simone (Pascale Bussières) decides that conceiving a baby with her best friend Philippe (Alexis Martin) is the only way to give her vacant life some meaning. Philippe reluctantly agrees with the proviso that they conceive in a desert.

## Cast

* Paule Baillargeon as Doctor in hospital
* Emmanuel Bilodeau as Philippe's best friend
* Pascale Bussières as Simone Prévost
* R. Craig Costin as Hired car clerk
* Joanne Côté as Monica
* Frédéric Desager as Stéphane
* Estelle Esse as Leather shop clerk
* Lee C. Fobert as Car driver – Salt Lake City
* Venelina Ghiaourov as Nurse
* Richard S. Hamilton as Taxi driver
* Marc Jeanty as Janvier
* Alexis Martin as Philippe
* Évelyne Rompré as Juliette
* Ivan Smith as Doctor
* Serge Thériault as Car driver
* Jim Levesque as Customer in café

## Reception

Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 61 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Brendan Kelly of Variety praised the film's visuals, the lead performances, the "sparing but effective" use of musical tracks by Quebec icons Robert Charlebois and Jean Leloup, but Kelly criticized the "thin" storyline, saying it "simply doesn't have the goods to keep audiences interested over the long-haul." Time Out equally praised the striking visuals, but called the film "an intriguing but only partly successful oddity...never really adding up to very much at all." Reelfilm.com gave the film two out of four stars, saying it was "a sporadically intriguing yet mostly self-indulgent first film from a director who would go onto much better things."
# Macdara Woods

Macdara Woods (1942 – 15 June 2018) was an Irish poet.

## Biography

Woods was born in Dublin, where he attended Gonzaga College and then University College Dublin. He married the poet Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin. They had one son, Niall, a musician. He lived in Dublin and Umbria. Woods was a founder-editor of the Irish literary magazine Cyphers. He died on 15 June 2018 in St. James's Hospital, aged 76.

## Awards

He was elected a member of Aosdána (an organisation established by the Irish Government to honour those who have made an outstanding contribution to the Arts in Ireland) in 1986.

## Publications
### Poetry collections

* Decimal D. Sec Drinks in a Bar in Marrakesh (1970), New Writers’ Press
* Early Morning Matins (1973), Gallery Press
* The King of the Dead & Other Libyan Tales (1978), Martin, Brian & O’Keeffe
* Stopping the Lights in Ranelagh (1987, reprinted 1988), Dedalus Press
* Miz Moon (1988), Dedalus Press
* The Hanged Man Was Not Surrendering (1990), Dedalus Press
* Notes From the Countries of Blood-Red Flowers (1994), Dedalus Press
* Selected Poems (1996), Dedalus Press
* Knowledge in the Blood, New and Selected Poems (2000, 2007), Dedalus Press
* The Nightingale Water (2001), Dedalus Press
* Artichoke Wine (2006), Dedalus Press
* The Cotard Dimension (2011), Dedalus Press
* Collected Poems (2012), Dedalus Press (in association with the Arts Council of Ireland)
* From Sandymount To The Hill Of Howth (2014) Cyphers, Dublin.
* Music From The Big Tent (2016) Dedalus Press
In Italian:
* Biglietto di Sola Andata (1998) Moby Dick Editrice, Faenza
* Above Pesaro/Con Pesaro ai Miei Piedi (1999) Volumnia Editrice, Perugia

### Edited books

* The Kilkenny Anthology (1991), Kilkenny Co. Council.
* (with Jim Vaughan), Present Tense: Words and Pictures (2006), Mayo Co. Council
Woods's work has been translated into many languages. He has collaborated with musicians, notably Brendan Graham (Winter Fire & Snow, performed by Anúna and others), Benjamin Dwyer (In the Ranelagh Gardens), Militia (Above Pesaro/Con Pesaro ai Miei Piedi) and Richard Hartshorne (The Cello Suites).
# Trigonoptera bimaculata

Trigonoptera bimaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1865.
# Tom Moffitt

Thomas Robinson Moffitt (February 26, 1884 – May 2, 1945) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. In 1908 he finished fifth in the high jump competition.
# Max Wenn

Max Wenn (13 September 1926 – 22 September 2008) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Pão francês

Pão francês (Portuguese: ; lit. 'French bread') is a short cylindrical bread roll with a soft white crumb and a golden crispy shell that is popular in Brazil. This bread has different names throughout the different states in Brazil such as pãozinho (little bread), pão de sal (salt bread), cacetinho (little baton), carioquinha (little Carioca), pão de água (water bread), pão Jacó (Jacob bread), pão filão (loaf bread), pão aguado (watery bread), and pão careca (bald bread). Despite its name, pão francês is unique to Brazil and is not a bread from France.
Pão francês is the most popular bread in Brazil. A 2019 study by Puratos [nl] found that 95.7% of the residents of the city of São Paulo eat pão francês. According to Sampapão (the São Paulo Bakery and Confectionery Industry Union and Association), more rolls of pão francês are baked every day in the city of São Paulo than there are residents.
March 21 is Pão Francês Day in Brazil.

## Origin

While the exact origin of pão francês is unknown, there are several theories of how it was created. One theory is that pão francês was invented in the 1900s by wealthy Brazilians who asked French bakers to teach them how to bake the baguettes that they encountered in their visits to France. Despite using the same base ingredients, the shape of pão francês differed from the baguettes that they were based on as they were smaller and rounder. A similar theory places the origin of pão francês in the kitchens of the wealthy elite of São Paulo near the onset of World War I. The bread was supposedly created by their personal chefs at the request to reproduce the breads made by the French that the children encountered abroad in their travels in Europe.
One final theory places the origin of the bread much earlier in the royal court of Rio de Janeiro during colonial times. Dom João VI and his court encouraged the import of wheat flour to bake bread, as breads in Brazil at this time were heartier and baked with flour made of yuca, corn, or rye. The bread baked with this French wheat flour would be called pão francês. It wasn't until the early 1900s when imported wheat flour became more accessible and the Matarazzo [pt] and Santista Mill opened in the state of São Paulo that pão francês spread throughout the Brazilian Southeast and eventually the entire country.

## Usage

As the most popular bread in Brazil, pão francês is eaten at breakfast, lunch, and dinner and can be found in a variety of dishes. Pão francês is the base of many sandwiches, such as Brazilian hot dogs, Bauru, Buraco quente, and X-caboquinho.