OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Galápagos National Park

Galápagos National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Galápagos) was established in 1959. It began operation in 1968, and it is Ecuador's first national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Park history

The government of Ecuador has designated 97% of the land area of the Galápagos Islands as the country's first national park. The remaining 3% is distributed between the inhabited areas of Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, Baltra, Floreana and Isabela.
In 1971, the Galápagos National Park Service had its first Superintendent, 2 officers and 6 park rangers on Santa Cruz Island. In 1974, the Galápagos National Park Service had its first management plan and a team of officials in accordance with the organic structure issued in 1973, with a Superintendent, 2 conservation officers, 40 park rangers to comply with management objectives. On Santa Cruz is the Charles Darwin Research Station.
In 1979, UNESCO declared the Galápagos Islands Natural Heritage for Humanity, making the Park Service through the Superintendent of the Park responsible for performing permanent park conservation and guarding the islands.
The photo on the left is the Itabaca Channel and is located between two islands in the Galápagos, Ecuador. Looking at the aerial photo, Baltra Island, also known as South Seymour Island, is on the right and Santa Cruz Island is on the left. The Itabaca Channel is used by water taxis who take people from Baltra to Santa Cruz. The Galápagos Marine Reserve was created in 1986. Additionally, the same year, the Galápagos National Park was included in the list of Biosphere Reserve because of its unique scientific and educational worth that should be preserved for perpetuity.
A UNESCO mission arrived in Galapagos on 29 April to study the progress made since 2007. A favorite of visitors to the Galapagos is Tortuga Bay, located on the Santa Cruz Island, about a 20-minute walk from the main water taxi dock in Puerto Ayora. The walking path is 1.55 miles (2,490 m) and is open from six in the morning to six in the evening. Visitors must sign in and out at the start of the path with the Galapagos Park Service office. Marine iguanas, galapagos crabs and birds are seen dotted along the lava rocks in Tortuga Bay. There is a separate cove where you can swim where it is common to view white tip reef sharks swimming in groups, small fish, birds, and sometimes the gigantic galápagos tortoise.

## Gallery

* School of scalloped hammerheads at Wolf Island in the Galapagos Islands
* Birds in the water at Tortuga Bay
* The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) Galápagos Islands Santa Cruz - swimming in Puerto Ayora
* A breeding program in the Galapagos for Yellow Land Iguana living (pictured here living at the Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora)
* Panorama of the beach of Tortuga Bay.
# Ovia Idah

Chief Ovia Idah (1903–1968) was a Nigerian sculptor, painter, carpenter, designer, and educator. He worked in many mediums including in ebony wood, ivory, plastic, as well as terracotta and cement. Idah's was active in Lagos in Lagos State, and Benin City in Edo State, but showed his work internationally. He is also known by the names Igbolovia Ida and Ovidah Ida.

## Biography

He was raised in a royal palace as a court official (or omada) from age 7 until age 15, where he learned carving skills serving as a page under Oba Eweka II of Benin.
Idah was employed as a carpenter with the Public Works Department in Lagos from 1923 until 1947. He also taught at King's College in Lagos. Oba Akenzua II persuaded Idah to lead the Benin Carvers Cooperative in Benin City in 1947.
Idah's sculptures broke from local carving traditions and had their own unique style. He was included as part of the book, "New Currents, Ancient Rivers: Contemporary African Artists in a Generation of Change" (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992), one of the largest surveys of contemporary African art at the time.
# Stan Nagaiah Trophy

The Stan Nagaiah Trophy is an annual series of one-day cricket matches played between Malaysia and Singapore. It has been played annually since 1995, and is named in honour of Stan Nagaiah, a cricketer from Singapore in the 1950s who also often represented All-Malaya. In 2016, a Twenty20 match was played as part of the series for the first time.

## Results

| Year | Result |
| 1995 | Singapore win series 2-1 |
| 1996 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |
| 1997 | Malaysia win series 3-0 |
| 1998 | Singapore win series 2-1 |
| 1999 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |
| 2000 | Malaysia win series 2-0 (1 no result) |
| 2001 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |
| 2002 | Singapore win series 3-0 |
| 2003 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |
| 2004 | Malaysia win series 3-0 |
| 2005 | Singapore win series 2-0 (1 no result) |
| 2006 | Series tied 1-1 (1 no result) |
| 2007 | Not Played |
| 2008 | Singapore win series 3-0 |
| 2009 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |
| 2010 | Singapore win series 2-1 |
| 2011 | Malaysia win series 2-0 (1 no result) |
| 2012 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |
| 2013 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |
| 2014 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |
| 2015 | Not Played |
| 2016 | Malaysia win series 3-0 |
| 2017 | Not Played |
| 2018 | Singapore win series 2-1 |
| 2022 | Malaysia win series 2-1 |

## Records
### 50 overs

* Highest team score: 304-5 by Malaysia in 2014
* Lowest team score: 80 by Singapore in 1999
* Highest individual score: 124 by Zubin Shroff for Singapore in 1999 and by Rakesh Madhavan for Malaysia in 1999
* Best innings bowling: 5/13 by Jeevandran Nair for Malaysia in 1997

### 20 overs

* Highest team score: 219-4 by Malaysia in 2016
* Lowest team score: 136-6 by Singapore in 2016
* Highest individual score: 109* by Ahmed Faiz for Malaysia in 2016
* Best innings bowling: 4/18 by Derek Duraisingam for Malaysia in 2016
# Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) is an enzyme encoded in humans by the HPRT1 gene.
HGPRT is a transferase that catalyzes conversion of hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate and guanine to guanosine monophosphate. This reaction transfers the 5-phosphoribosyl group from 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to the purine. HGPRT plays a central role in the generation of purine nucleotides through the purine salvage pathway.

## Function

HGPRT catalyzes the following reactions:
| Substrate | Product | Notes |
| hypoxanthine | inosine monophosphate | — |
| guanine | guanosine monophosphate | Often called HGPRT. Performs this function only in some species. |
| xanthine | xanthosine monophosphate | Only certain HPRTs. |
HGPRTase functions primarily to salvage purines from degraded DNA to reintroduce into purine synthetic pathways. In this role, it catalyzes the reaction between guanine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form GMP, or between hypoxanthine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) to form inosine monophosphate.

## Substrates and inhibitors

Comparative homology modelling of this enzyme in L. donovani suggest that among all of the computationally screened compounds, pentamidine, 1,3-dinitroadamantane, acyclovir and analogs of acyclovir had higher binding affinities than the real substrate (guanosine monophosphate). The in silico and in-vitro correlation of these compounds were test in Leishmania HGPRT and validates the result.

## Role in disease

Mutations in the gene lead to hyperuricemia. At least 67 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered:
* Some men have partial (up to 20% less activity of the enzyme) HGPRT deficiency that causes high levels of uric acid in the blood, which leads to the development of gouty arthritis and the formation of uric acid stones in the urinary tract. This condition has been named the Kelley–Seegmiller syndrome.
* Lesch–Nyhan syndrome is due to deficiency of HGPRT caused by HPRT1 mutation.
* Some mutations have been linked to gout, the risk of which is increased in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency.
* HPRT expression on the mRNA and protein level is induced by hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1A). HIF-1 is a transcription factor that directs an array of cellular responses that are used for adaptation during oxygen deprivation. This finding implies that HPRT is a critical pathway that helps preserve the cell's purine nucleotide resources under hypoxic conditions as found in pathology such as myocardial ischemia.

## Creation of hybridomas

Hybridomas are immortal (immune to cellular senescence), HGPRT$^+$ cells that result from fusion of mortal, HGPRT$^+$ plasma cells and immortal, HGPRT$^−$ myeloma cells. They are created to produce monoclonal antibodies in biotechnology. HAT medium inhibits de novo synthesis of nucleic acids, killing myeloma cells that cannot switch over to the salvage pathway, due to lack of HPRT1. The plasma cells in the culture eventually die from senescence, leaving pure hybridoma cells.
# Becky Lucas

Becky Lucas is an Australian stand-up comedian, writer, and presenter. She has also appeared in Australian television series.

## Early life

Lucas was born in Brisbane. Her parents are both Australian and her mother is a musician.

## Career

Lucas was a finalist in the 2013 Raw Comedy competition. In 2014, she relocated to Sydney. Lucas has since performed solo stand-up shows at the Sydney Opera House and the Melbourne International Comedy Festival Gala.
On Australian television, Lucas hosted an ABC2 documentary about domestic violence in Australia entitled Big Bad Love in 2016. She starred in the sketch comedy series Orange Is the New Brown and At Home Alone Together. Lucas has also made appearances on Fancy Boy, Hughesy, We Have a Problem, and Saturday Night Rove.
Lucas has written for ABC comedy series Please Like Me and Squinters. She also co-wrote the sitcom The Other Guy alongside its star Matt Okine.
In 2018, Lucas posted a joke on Twitter about beheading Prime Minister Scott Morrison. It resulted in her Twitter account being banned.
In 2019, Lucas opened for Conan O'Brien in Sydney, and performed stand-up on his US late-night show Conan. O'Brien, who Lucas regards as an idol, allegedly told her "you need medication" after their Sydney performance.
# LSL (gene)

Leptin, serum levels of, also known as LSL, is a human gene.
# Denise Brown (UN official)

Denise Brown is a Canadian Senior UN official and the current Head of the United Nations in Ukraine. She was appointed to this position on 28 July 2022. Prior to this appointment, she served as Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG), Humanitarian Coordinator and Resident Coordinator in the Central African Republic.
Ms. Brown has held different leadership positions for the UN in the fields of humanitarian coordination, peacekeeping, emergency preparedness, and regional coordination, in both headquarters and field locations. Her work has covered Afghanistan, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Haiti, Iraq, Kenya, Niger, and Somalia. She also served in headquarters and regional offices in Dakar, Rome, and New York.

## Career

She began her career in the with non-governmental organizations in Cambodia and Haiti, working in the social sector.
World Food Programme
Denise Brown joined the UN’s World Food Programme in the late 1990s, serving in Iraq (1998-1999), Afghanistan (1999-2002), Kenya (2002-2007), and Somalia (2007-2009), and han Niger, during which she led discussions on humanitarian access with state and non-state actors, including Al Shabab in Somalia.
From 2009 to 2011, she served as a Senior Liaison Officer with WFP in New York, and then, from 2013 to 2016, as WFP's Regional Director for West and Central Africa, based in Dakar, covering 20 countries.
From 2016 to 2019, she worked at World Food Programme (WFP) headquarters in Rome, first as Director of the Emergency Preparedness and then as Director of Policy and Programmes.
UN Peacekeeping
From April 2019 to July 2022, Ms. Brown served as Deputy Special Representative for the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), and as United Nations Resident Coordinator and Humanitarian Coordinator, where she reinforced the linkages between the peace and security, development, and humanitarian actions of the UN. In CAR, Ms. Brown led the coordination of both the UN’s COVID-19 response and the UN’s integrated electoral assistance for the 2020-21 presidential and legislative elections

## Education

Denise Brown is a graduate of the University of British Columbia and holds a Master’s of Science in Children’s Development from Purdue University.
# Belgrandiella parreyssii

Belgrandiella parreyssi is a species of small freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to Austria where it is found only in one thermal spring at Bad Voeslau, south of Vienna. Due to man made changes of the habitat the population has been decreasing rapidly since the 1970s.
# Radostin Stanev

Radostin Lyubomirov Stanev (Bulgarian: Радостин Станев; born 11 July 1975) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently the goalkeeping coach of Slavia Sofia.

## Career
### In Bulgaria

Stanev started his career in Varna in the local Spartak. In 1998, he played for six months in CSKA Sofia. After that, he signed with Lokomotiv Sofia. Between January 2008 and May 2008, Stanev played again in Spartak Varna. In June 2008, he signed with newly promoted Lokomotiv Mezdra.

### Foreign clubs

In January 2002, Stanev signed with Polish club Legia Warsaw. The next year, he went to Russia and played one season for Shinnik Yaroslavl. In 2004, he signed with the Romanian Progresul București. In his first months in Romania, he grew at odds with his coach, and for two years played only in 14 matches. In June 2006, his contract with Progresul was terminated and he signed with Aris Limassol

## Honours

Legia Warsaw
* Ekstraklasa: 2001–02
* Polish League Cup: 2001–02
# Murder, Inc. (disambiguation)

Murder, Inc. was an organized crime group in the 1930s.
Murder, Inc. may also refer to:

## Aircraft

* Murder Inc., a notable B-17 bomber during World War II

## Films

* Murder, Inc. (1951 film), British title of 1951 film The Enforcer
* Murder, Inc. (1960 film), American gangster film directed by Burt Balaban and Stuart Rosenberg

## Literature

* Murder, Inc.: The Story of the Syndicate, a 1951 book by Burton Turkus and Sid Feder chronicling Murder, Inc.
* Murder Inc., Las Vegas, a novel

## Music

* Murder, Inc. (band), industrial music supergroup formed in 1991
** Murder, Inc. (album), their only studio album
* Murder Inc. (rap group), American hip hop supergroup formed by Irv Gotti in 1995
* Murder Inc. Records, a New York City-based Hip hop and R&B record label
* "Murder Incorporated", song by Bruce Springsteen on Greatest Hits
# Golden Goblet Jury Grand Prix

The Golden Goblet Jury Grand Prix (Chinese: 金爵奖评委会大奖) is a special jury prize awarded to films in the main category of competition at the Shanghai International Film Festival.

## Award Winners

| Year | Film | Country |
| 1993 | Cageman | Jacob Cheung |
| 1995 | House Of Fire | Juan Bautista Stagnaro |
| 1995 | American Daughter | Karen Shakhnazarov |
| 1997 | Live at Peace | Hu Bingliu |
| 1997 | Mendel | Alexander Røsler |
| 1999 | The Lunatics' Ball | Michael Thorp |
| 2001 | no award this year | |
| 2002 | All About Lily Chou-Chou | Shunji Iwai |
| 2003 | no award this year | |
| 2004 | Jasmine Women | Hou Yong |
| 2005 | Gimme Kudos | Huang Jianxin |
| 2006 | The Forest Gang | Qi Jian |
| 2007 | The New Man | Klaus Haro |
| 2008 | Old Fish | Gao Qunshu |
| 2009 | The Search | Pema Tseden |
| 2010 | Deep in the Clouds | Liu Jie |
| 2011 | Mr. Tree | Han Jie |
| 2012 | For the Love of God | Micheline Lanctôt |
| 2013 | Reliance | William Olsson |
| 2014 | Uncle Victory | Zhang Meng |
| 2015 | Carte Blanche | Jacek Lusinski |
| 2016 | See You in Texas | Vito Palmieri |
| 2017 | Yellow | Mostafa Taghizad’h |
| 2018 | Ala Changso | Sonthar Gyal |
| 2019 | Inhale-Exhale | Dito Tsintsadze |
| 2020 | | |
| 2021 | Barbarian Invasion | Tan Chui Mui |
| 2023 | Muyeres | Marta Lallana |
| 2024 | Adult | Mariano Gonzalez |
# Manuel Pichulman

Manuel Caupolicán Pichulman Plaza (born 14 September 1952), is a Chilean former professional footballer. He played forward for clubs in Chile, Belgium, and Central America.

## Career

In Chile Pichulman played for Colo-Colo, Magallanes, Audax Italiano, Everton, Santiago Morning, and Iberia; he is most known for his stint at Magallanes. He was a member of Audax Italiano in 1976, when they were promoted to the Chilean Primera División. He made 18 appearances and scored 9 goals in the 1977 season.
In 1978, he emigrated to Europe and joined Royal Crossing Schaerbeek in the Belgian second level for the 1978–79 season. He also played in Central America.

## After football

Pichulman started an eponymous football academy (Escuela de Fútbol Manuel Pichulman) near Cuncumén, San Antonio.

## Personal life

Pichulman is of Mapuche descent, his "Pichulman" means "condor feather" in Mapudungun.
# Ri Gun-sang

Ri Gun-sang (born February 5, 1966) is a former international table tennis player from North Korea.
He won a bronze medal at the 1987 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Hong Chol, Kim Song-hui and Chu Jong-Chol for North Korea.
Two years later he won another bronze at the 1989 World Table Tennis Championships with Kim Song-hui, Chu Jong-Chol and Yun Mun-Song.
He competed in the 1992 Olympics and 1996 Olympics.
# Tillamook language

Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker was Minnie Scovell who died in 1972. In an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook-speakers and created a 120-page dictionary.

## Phonology
### Vowels

Vowels in Tillamook :
| | Front | Back |
| High | i | ə |
| Low | æ | ɑ |

### Consonants

Consonants in Tillamook :
| | | Alveolar | Alveolar | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Velar | Velar | Uvular | Uvular | Glottal |
| | | central | sibilant | lateral | Post- alveolar | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | Glottal |
| Stop | plain | t | t͡s | | t͡ʃ | k | kᵓ | q | qᵓ | ʔ |
| Stop | ejective | tʼ | t͡sʼ | t͡ɬʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | kᵓʼ | qʼ | qᵓʼ | ʔ |
| Fricative | Fricative | | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | xᵓ | χ | χᵓ | h |
| Sonorant | Sonorant | n | | l | j | | ɰᵓ | | | |

#### Internal rounding

The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic ⟨ʷ⟩, but here indicated with ⟨ᵓ⟩), including rounded vowels and ⟨w⟩ (/ɰᵓ/), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue (sulcalization). Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of ɔ timbre" while "rounded" front velars have ɯ coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having ɛ or ɪ coloring—the "unrounded" consonants.
/w/ is also formed with this internal rounding instead of true labialization, making it akin to [ɰ]. So are vowel sounds formerly written as /o/ or /u/, which are best characterized as the diphthong /əɰ/ with increasing internal rounding.
# National Metal and Steel

National Metal and Steel Corporation was engaged in ship dismantling operations at Terminal Island in the Los Angeles Harbor Region of the city of Los Angeles, California.
The president of National Metal and Steel was Harry Faversham.

## History

The National Metal and Steel facility was located at the former California Shipbuilding Corporation property. National Metal and Steel was the final destination for many decommissioned United States Navy ships.
In 1953 it was the first U.S. company to export scrap metal to postwar Japan.
It provided for the demolition of many famed Pacific Electric Railway red cars and Los Angeles Railway yellow cars as those public transit systems were eliminated in the Greater Los Angeles Area.
Also, a number of the very heavy coal-fired Southern Pacific class AC-9 articulated locomotives were demolished here. For operational reasons, they had been usable mainly only in New Mexico and Texas, and were very rarely operated elsewhere on the SP system due to clearance considerations.
Operations on Terminal Island ceased on 1 January 1986 when the company lost that facility to a harbor expansion project. National Metal and Steel maintained headquarters in the nearby city of Carson.
# Stefan Yanev (footballer)

Stefan Yanev (Bulgarian: Стефан Янев; born Stefan Georgiev Garofalo; 3 April 1939 – 2 February 2024) was a Bulgarian football player, sports journalist and writer.

## Football career

Stefan Yanev was born on 3 April 1939 in Varna, Bulgaria. He played for Cherno More Varna (1958–1969) with 228 matches and 16 goals in the Bulgarian A Football Group on his account. Yanev started his career as a central forward for Lokomotiv Varna but eventually settled in a midfield position as a playmaker with a taste for goal. While doing his compulsory Army service playing for "Rodni krile" Sofia, Lokomotiv merged with another Varna team (Korabostroitel) and competed in the second level (Group "B”) of Bulgarian football, under the name DFS Cherno More. One year later, in 1959, DFS Cherno More merged with Botev Varna (Group "A”) renaming the club. Yanev made his first appearance for Cherno More on 27 September 1959 in a match against Akademik Sofia (4–0) in which he scored two of the goals. He quickly established himself as a leader in the midfield. Yanev took part in the club's England tour in August 1966, opening the score in a match against Coventry City on Highfield Road. The match ended in a 1–1 draw.

## Journalist and writer

Yanev stopped playing at the age of 29 to pursue a career as a sports journalist. His final match was a 0–0 draw against Beroe in Varna on 8 December 1969. Stefan Yanev was one of the founders of the Varna Television Centre in 1972. Yanev wrote articles and opinions in the popular newspapers Narodno Delo, Naroden Sport and Start. He appeared as a commentator and a pundit for the Bulgarian National Television and as such, he commented on life from the World Cup finals 1982 in Spain, 1986 in Mexico, 1990 in Italy and 1994 in the USA. Yanev was on air for live radio commentaries from the UEFA Euro 1996 in England and 1998 FIFA World Cup in France.
Yanev wrote 17 books on Bulgarian football. He was a co-writer of the encyclopedic edition The Football in Varna which throws a comprehensive view over the football events in his native Varna over the years.

## Death

Yanev died on 2 February 2024, at the age of 84.