OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wilhelm Litten

Wilhelm Litten (born August 5, 1880, in St. Petersburg, † January 28, 1932, in Baghdad) was a German diplomat, orientalist, writer and translator. During his time as a dragoman at the German Embassy in Tehran, he collected materials from which he developed regional, cultural and economic history studies. During World War I, in early 1916, he witnessed the death marches of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire. His report, The Path of Horror, is a source on the Armenian genocide. After the war, Litten continued to work in the diplomatic service. From 1920 to 1924 he was consul in Libau and from 1928 in Baghdad, as well as chargé d'affaires of the German Reich, thereafter establishing diplomatic relations with Iraq.

## Works

* Ulrich Gehrke: Deutsche Beiträge zur Kenntnis Irans im 20. Jahrhundert. In: Orient 12 (1971), S. 167–177.
* Gerhard Keiper, Martin Kröger (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch des deutschen Auswärtigen Dienstes 1871–1945. Band 3: L–R. Schöningh, Paderborn 2007, ISBN 978-3-506-71842-6.

## Sources

* Wilhelm Litten: Persische Flitterwochen. Georg Stilke, Berlin 1925, S. 1–4 und 349
* Wilhelm Litten: Persische Flitterwochen, S. 270–279
* Carl Alexander Krethlow: Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz und der Genozid an den Armeniern 1915–1916. In SozialGeschichte 21, H. 3 (2006), S. 74f.
* Der Weg des Grauens. In: Der Orient. Jg. 1920, Nr. 10/12, S. 61–67; auch als Flugblatt Nr. 7: Der Weg des Grauens. Potsdam 1920.
# Lukáš Květoň

Lukáš Květoň (born May 3, 1982) is a Czech former professional ice hockey forward who played with HC České Budějovice in the Czech Extraliga from 2002 to 2013. Květoň previously played for HK Hradec Králové, Piráti Chomutov and HC Dukla Jihlava.
# Štěpán Hřebejk

Štěpán Hřebejk (born May 28, 1982 in Strakonice) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He is currently a free agent having last played for HC David Servis České Budějovice of the 2nd Czech Republic Hockey League.
Hřebejk played 603 games in the Czech Extraliga, playing for HC České Budějovice, Vsetínská hokejová, HC Karlovy Vary and Piráti Chomutov. He also played in the Tipsport Liga for HC Nové Zámky.
# Royal National Park railway station

vteRoyal National Park railway line :
Legend :
Royal National Park railway station is located in Audley, New South Wales and services travellers to the Royal National Park. It is the terminus of the Royal National Park railway line, formerly part of the Sydney commuter rail network and now operated by the Sydney Tramway Museum. The station opened in 1886 and was served by trains on the Sydney network until 1991 when the Royal National Park railway line was closed due to low patronage. The line and station were transferred to the Sydney Tramway Museum and re-opened in May 1993 for heritage tramway operations.
The museum operates services on the line on Wednesdays and Sundays, with the first service running at 10:15 am. Departures are hourly from then on, with the last one at 2:30 pm on Wednesday and 4:30 pm on Sunday. It is a popular means of access to the Royal National Park.

## History

The station opened as Loftus on 9 March 1886 (the station currently known as Loftus was then called Loftus Junction). It was renamed National Park on 1 May 1889, back to Loftus in January 1890 and back again to National Park on 1 December 1896. It was finally renamed Royal National Park on 16 July 1955. The original island platform could accommodate ten carriages. There was also a goods bank and five sidings. Royal National Park was included in the electrification of the Illawarra railway line in 1926 and remained the southern limit of electrification until 1980 when overhead wiring was extended to Waterfall.
At its peak in the 1930s, the line was served by 25 trains a day on weekends. On 4 July 1967, three of the five sidings at the station were removed. In 1978, the original station was demolished to make way for a visitor's centre and a new single platform built. By 1988, the line was being served by only three trains a day.
After the Cowan rail accident in 1990, the Royal National Park branch line was used for safety tests. Because of the small number of services running on the line, it was also used for driver training.
Following the discovery of signalling faults, services ceased on 11 June 1991. With major expenditure required and average patronage having dwindled to three passengers per train, the line was formally closed. The line was taken over by the Sydney Tramway Museum with Royal National Park station re-opening as the line's terminus in May 1993. Due to the design of the heritage trams running on the line, they are unable to use the actual station platform.

## Services

| Platform | Line | Stopping pattern | Notes |
| 1 | ParkLink | Shuttle to Railway Square (Loftus) | Select days only |
# Song Ligang

Song Ligang (simplified Chinese: 宋力刚; traditional Chinese: 宋力剛; pinyin: Sòng Lìgāng; born June 8, 1967, in Tianjin) is a former Chinese basketball player. He competed at 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, and was the flagbearer of Chinese Olympic Team at the opening ceremony.
He also competed for his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Song currently serves as an officer in Hainan government.
# Penrhyn language

The Penrhyn language is a Cook Islands Maori dialectal variant belonging to the Polynesian language family. It is spoken by about 200 people on Penrhyn Island and other islands in the Northern Cook Islands. It is considered to be an endangered language as many of its users are shifting to Cook Islands Māori and English.

## Phonology
### Alphabet

The alphabet used in the Penrhyn Dictionary has 21 letters: ⟨a, ā, e, ē, f, h, i, ī, k, m, n, ng, o, ō, p, r, s, t, u, ū, v⟩
Long vowels are written with a macron.

### Consonants

Consonants in Penrhyn :
| | Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |
| Stop | p | t | k | |
| Fricative | (f) v | s | | h |
| Liquid | | l ⟨r⟩ | | |
* ↑ [f] is present in loanwords from languages like Rakahanga-Manihiki and Tahitian.
Tongareva is one of the few Cook Islands languages without a glottal stop [ʔ]. There is allophonic voicing of stops present.
# Haemanthus lanceifolius

Haemanthus lanceifolius is a perennial flowering plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Haemanthus.

## Description

The species is endemic to the Northern Cape and the Western Cape and occurs from Vanrhynsdorp to Calvinia. There are four subpopulations in an area of occurrence of 750 km². The species has lost 30% of its habitat due to crop cultivation over the past 60 years. One of the four subpopulations was almost lost in 2004 due to crop cultivation, but after objections from the local conservation association, the landowner decided to preserve it. The remaining three subpopulations are threatened by invasive plants.
# Lionel Carley

Lionel Carley (14 May 1936 – 28 December 2021) was an English archivist and author on musical matters. He had particular interest in the life and work of Frederick Delius and Edvard Grieg.

## Life and career

After completing his studies, Carley worked for the British Foreign Office and became involved in the music of Frederick Delius at an early stage. Since 1966, he held the post of archivist of the Delius Trust, and since 1991 he was also Advisor to the Trust.
After leaving the diplomatic service, Carley intensified his writing and publishing activities. Carley died on 28 December 2021, at the age of 85.

## Publications

* Delius: a life in pictures. Lionel Carley and Robert Threlfall. Publisher: Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-19-315437-4
* Delius, a life in letters. Publisher: Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983- ISBN 0-674-19570-1
* Delius, a life in letters. Publisher: London: Scolar Press, in association with the Delius Trust, 1983–1988. ISBN 0-85967-717-6 Edition: (v.2)
* Delius, a life in letters. Publisher: London: Scolar Press, in association with the Delius Trust, 1983–1988. ISBN 0-85967-656-0 Edition: (v.1)
* Delius, the Paris years. Publisher: [Rickmansworth]: Triad Press, 1975. ISBN 0-902070-14-2
* Grieg and Delius: a chronicle of their friendship in letters. Publisher: London; M. Boyars, 1993. ISBN 0-7145-2961-3
* Frederick Delius: Music, Art, and Literature. Publisher: Aldershot; Ashgate, 1998. ISBN 1-85928-222-9
# International Medical Travel Journal

The International Medical Travel Journal was established in 2007 with a focus on medical tourism. It publishes a biweekly newsletter. Keith Pollard is the Editor in Chief. It runs annual Medical Travel Awards.
# Euphorbia ammak

Euphorbia ammak, commonly known as giant milk bush, African candelabra and candelabra spurge, is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae native to the Arabian Peninsula.
As most other succulent members of the genus Euphorbia, its trade is regulated under Appendix II of CITES. In 1998, the plant was assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and was listed as Vulnerable.

## Description

It forms a tree up to 10 meters high with upright and curved main shoots. The square shoots reach a thickness of 12 to 15 centimeters. On the wing-like edges there are curved teeth at a distance of up to 1 centimeter from each other. The inverted triangular thorn shields stand individually. Thorns up to 1 centimeter long are formed. In a suitable climate (humid and warm at the same time) the leaves appear at the tops of the branches.
On seedlings, the lanceolate leaves are up to 40 millimeters long and up to 7 millimeters wide; on younger shoots of older plants the leaves are not so large. Branches initially about 60 cm long, rising vertically upwards, 4-5-ribbed, deeply furrowed, dark green; ribs thick, wavy; young non-flowering shoots with a pair of thorns at a distance of 1 cm from each other. The branches are covered with spines around 1 cm long. Thorns dark brown, 1 cm long, in the form of horns or inverted triangles. Its short trunk, which is 10-15 cm thick, resembles a cactus, and its inversely conical crown makes it look like a candelabrum, hence one of its common names.

### Inflorescence

The inflorescence is formed from individual, simple and almost sessile cymes. The cyathia reach about 10 millimeters in diameter. The nectar glands are elliptical and the ovary has a three-lobed, slit perianth. The deeply lobed fruit is on a thick, 9 to 14 millimeter long stalk and is 9 millimeters long and 14 millimeters wide. The almost round and smooth seed reaches 3 millimeters in diameter.

## Habitat

It is native to the arid regions of Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It grows in shrubby areas between 1000 and 1500 m above sea level, possibly as high as 2500 metres above sea. It is also found in rocky places in plains, on precipitous hillsides and thorny scrublands where it has now become rare in its native range (though it remains common in areas in North Yemen).

## Cultivation

The plant is easy grow and prefers well drained soil (such us clay and pumice) in full sun, though younger plants may perform better indoors as the plant tolerates some shade. Watering should be regular in summer, and the plant should be kept dry in winter. A moderately fast grower and long-living, it matures and becomes large in 3-5 years. In addition to being frost-tender, the plant can be affected by mealybugs and, very rarely, scales. Strong winds can also affect the columns. It can easily be propagated by cuttings, though the cutting must callus for a week or two before placed in dry soil.
In Australia, the plant has adapted well in coastal areas. Euphorbia ammak 'Variegeta', a variegated form found in cultivation, features a creamy-yellow and pale blue-green surface.
# Francis Crake

Captain Francis William Crake MC (19 April 1893 – 28 November 1920) was a British Army and Royal Irish Constabulary officer.

## Early life

Francis Crake was born on 19 April 1893 in Newcastle upon Tyne, where he also resided. Crake was originally employed as an Insurance Agent's Clerk before joining the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1909, serving with the 1st Northumbrian Field Ambulance until 1913.

## First World War

Following the outbreak of the First World War, Crake enlisted into the 11th Reserve Regiment of Cavalry in September 1914. After leaving the cavalry in June 1915, Crake then entered service with the Hampshire Regiment and served on the Western Front from July 1915 to June 1917. Subsequently, he was selected for officer training and was commissioned into the Bedfordshire Regiment on 27 November 1917. In April 1918, he returned to the front, joining the 6th Battalion of the Bedfordshires, however the following month this unit was broken up and absorbed by 1/1st battalion, the Hertfordshire Regiment. He finished the conflict with the rank of captain.

### Military Cross

He was awarded the Military Cross for his conduct in September 1918 during the Allied Hundred Days Offensive. His citation reads:
   "T./2nd Lt. Francis William Crake, 6th Bn., Bedf. R., attd. 1st Bn., Hert. R. For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in an attack. When the other officers became casualties and the company had suffered heavy losses, he reorganised several scattered bodies of men and continued to lead them forward to the objective in a most determined manner. By his courage and example, he assisted materially in the capture of a hostile battery."

## Irish War of Independence

In August 1920, he was appointed District Inspector in command of a unit of the Royal Irish Constabulary Auxiliary Division, based at Macroom in County Cork. On 28 November, while leading a motorised patrol, he was killed in the Kilmichael Ambush.
# 1930 All-Pro Team

The 1930 All-Pro Team consisted of American football players chosen by various selectors for the All-Pro team of the National Football League (NFL) for the 1930 NFL season. Teams were selected by, among others, the Green Bay Press-Gazette (GB), based on the returns of ballots sent to the league's coaches, club officials, sports writers and officials, and Collyer's Eye (CE).

## Team

| Position | Player | Team | Selector(s) |
| Quarterback | Benny Friedman | New York Giants | GB-1, CE-1 |
| Quarterback | Red Dunn | Green Bay Packers | GB-2, CE-2 |
| Quarterback | Carl Brumbaugh | Chicago Bears | GB-3 |
| Halfback | Red Grange | Chicago Bears | GB-1, CE-1 |
| Halfback | Ken Strong | Staten Island Stapletons | GB-1, CE-1 |
| Halfback | Stumpy Thomason | Brooklyn Dodgers | GB-2 |
| Halfback | Father Lumpkin | Portsmouth Spartans | GB-2 |
| Halfback | Johnny "Blood" McNally | Green Bay Packers | GB-3, CE-2 |
| Halfback | Bill Glassgow | Portsmouth Spartans | CE-2 |
| Halfback | Chuck Bennett | Portsmouth Spartans | GB-3 |
| Fullback | Ernie Nevers | Chicago Cardinals | GB-1, CE-1 |
| Fullback | Bronko Nagurski | Chicago Bears | GB-2, CE-2 |
| Fullback | Jack McBride | Brooklyn Dodgers | GB-3 |
| End | LaVern Dilweg | Green Bay Packers | GB-1, CE-1 |
| End | Luke Johnsos | Chicago Bears | GB-1, CE-1 |
| End | Tom Nash | Green Bay Packers | GB-2, CE-2 |
| End | Chuck Kassel | Chicago Cardinals | GB-3, CE-2 |
| End | Red Badgro | New York Giants | GB-2 |
| End | Tony Kostos | Minneapolis Red Jackets Frankford Yellow Jackets | GB-3 |
| Tackle | Jap Douds | Portsmouth Spartans | GB-1 |
| Tackle | Bill Owen | New York Giants | CE-1 |
| Tackle | Link Lyman | Chicago Bears | GB-1, CE-1 |
| Tackle | Jim Mooney | Brooklyn Dodgers | GB-2 |
| Tackle | Duke Slater | Chicago Cardinals | GB-3, CE-2 |
| Tackle | Bill Kern | Green Bay Packers | GB-2 |
| Tackle | Cal Hubbard | Green Bay Packers | GB-3 |
| Guard | Mike Michalske | Green Bay Packers | GB-1, CE-1 |
| Guard | Walt Kiesling | Chicago Cardinals | GB-1, CE-1 |
| Guard | Hal Hanson | Frankford Yellow Jackets | GB-2 |
| Guard | Rudy Comstock | New York Giants | GB-2 |
| Guard | Zuck Carlson | Chicago Bears | CE-2 |
| Guard | George Gibson | Frankford Yellow Jackets Minneapolis Red Jackets | CE-2 |
| Guard | Al Graham | Portsmouth Spartans Providence Steam Roller | GB-3 |
| Guard | Les Caywood | New York Giants | GB-3 |
| Center | Swede Hagberg | Brooklyn Dodgers | GB-1 |
| Center | Nate Barragar | Minneapolis Red Jackets Frankford Yellow Jackets | GB-3, CE-1 |
| Center | Joe Wostoupal | New York Giants | GB-2, CE-2 |
# Oceanic House

Oceanic House is a grade II listed former office building at 1 Cockspur Street, in the City of Westminster, London. It was designed by Henry Tanner junior and was completed in 1907. It was originally the London headquarters of the White Star Line from which tickets for the RMS Titanic were sold. It later became a Barclays Bank, was used by the British Ministry of Defence, and became the Texas Embassy Cantina restaurant which closed in 2012. In 2016 it was converted into six luxury apartments and a duplex penthouse. It is owned by the Crown Estate.
# Palaeocambarus

Palaeocambarus is an extinct genus of crayfish discovered in the Yixian Formation in China, with only a single species, Palaeocambarus licenti. It is one of the oldest known fossil crayfish.
The genus Cricoidoscelosus is now considered to be a junior synonym. It was initially believed to be Late Jurassic (Tithonian) in age, but it is now confirmed to have been Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian) in age.

## Taxonomy

The species was first named by Van Straelen in 1928 as Astacus licenti. In 1999, the species was assigned to the new genus Palaeocambarus, and was placed in the family Cambaridae. In the same publication, the genus and species Cricoidoscelosus aethus was described, and was placed into the monotypic family Cricoidoscelosidae. In 2019, a supposed new species of the spider Mongolarachne, "Mongolarachne" chaoyangensis was described from the Yixian Formation in China. However, in a later publication that same year, when the specimen was subject to fluorescence microscopy, it was shown that the specimen was a forgery using specimen D3088, a specimen of Cricoidoscelosus, as a base, that had been painted to look like a spider, and as such the species was a junior synonym of Cricoidoscelosus. In 2023, a re-evalutation of crayfish from the Yixian Formation found that Cricoidoscelosus was a synonym of Palaeocambarus and that Palaeocambarus could be confidently placed in Cambaroididae, which includes modern East Asian crayfish (Cambaroides).
# Euphorbia bongolavensis

Euphorbia bongolavensis is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is currently being threatened by habitat loss.
# Kakkulissery

Kakkulissery is a small village in the southern end of Thrissur district in Chalakkudy taluka of Kerala, India. The language spoken by the majority of people in this area is Malayalam.
Mala, Chalakudy, Kodungallur, Irinjalakuda, Angamaly, Aluva is nearest towns to Kakkulissery for all major economic activities, which is approximately 18 km away.Cochin International Airport is the nearest airport, 19 km away.
# Stamp Act 1870

The Stamp Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 97) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that consolidated enactments relating to stamp duty in the United Kingdom.

## Background

In 1870, bills were introduced to amend and consolidate the law that had evolved over the last century relating to stamp duty and other inland revenue.
The Stamp Duties Bill — "for granting certain Stamp Duties in lieu of Duties of the same kind now payable under various Acts, and consolidating and amending provisions relating thereto" — contained no repeals of previous statutes, concerning Members of Parliament, including Robert Bourke MP. However, in Parliament, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Robert Lowe MP, said that upon the passing of that bill, there would have to be brought in another bill to do so.

## Passage

Leave to bring in a Draft Stamp Duty Consolidation Bills to the House of Commons was granted to the John George Dodson MP, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Robert Lowe MP and James Stansfeld MP on 12 April 1870, following resolutions of the Committee of ways and means.
The Stamp Duties Bill had its first reading in the House of Commons on 21 May 1870, presented by James Stansfeld MP. The bill had its second reading in the House of Commons on 30 May 1870 and was committed to a committee of the whole house, which met and reported on 12 July 1870, with amendments. The amended bill was re-committed to a committee of the whole house, which met and reported on 2 August 1870, with amendments. The amended bill was re-committed to the same committee of the whole house as the same time as the Stamp Duties Bill and the Inland Revenue Acts Repeal Bill, which met and reported on 4 August 1870, without amendments. The bill had its third reading in the House of Commons on 5 August 1870 and passed, without amendments.
The bill had its first reading in the House of Lords on 5 August 1870. The bill had its second reading in the House of Lords on 8 August 1870 and was committed to a committee of the whole house, which met and reported on 8 August 1870, with amendments. The amended bill had its third reading in the House of Lords on 9 August 1870 and passed, without amendments.
The bill was granted royal assent on 10 August 1870.

## Legacy

The act was described as a Consolidation Act.
The Stamp Duties Management Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 98) and the Inland Revenue Repeal Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 99) were passed at the same time to amend and consolidate the law that had evolved over the last century relating to stamp duty and other inland revenue. These acts represented the beginning of a larger process to reform stamp duty law.
The act was amended in the following session by the Stamps Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 4) and the House Tax Act 1871 (34 & 35 Vict. c. 103).
The act was wholly repealed by the Stamp Act 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. 39), passed at the same time as the Stamp Duties Management Act 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. 38).
# Euphorbia bourgaeana

Euphorbia bourgaeana is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Tenerife in the Canary Islands.$^{:208}$

## Description

It can grow to a height of 6–10 feet (1.82-3.04 metres), but if potted, it can be kept relatively small. The plant grows well in USDA zones 9b-11.
Like many euphorbias, parts of the plants are poisonous if ingested.
# Egypt women's national field hockey team

The Egypt women's national field hockey team represents Egypt in women's international field hockey competitions.

## Tournament record

First match = South Africa 20-0 Egypt (Harare, Zimbabwe; 7 November 1998)
* best result = Nigeria 1-1 Egypt (Ismailia, Egypt; 22 october 2017)
* Largest lost= South Africa 20-0 Egypt (Harare, Zimbabwe; 7 November 1998)

### Africa Cup of Nations

* 1998 – 4th place
* 2009 – 4th place
* 2017 – 5th place

## Tournament history Hockey5s Team

* First match = Namibia 5-1 Egypt (Ismailia,
Egypt; 10 December 2022)
* Largest win= Kenya 0-5 Egypt (Ismailia, Egypt; 10 December 2022)
* Largest lost= South Africa 7-0 Egypt (Ismailia, Egypt; 15 December 2022)

### African women’s Hockey5s Cup of Nations

* 2022 – 4th place

## Tournament history Junior Team
### Junior Africa Hockey Cup

* 2001 –
* 2008 –
* 2023 –
# 1915 North Carolina Tar Heels football team

The 1915 North Carolina Tar Heels football team was an American football team that represented the University of North Carolina in the 1915 college football season. The team compiled a 4–3–1 record and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 105 to 98.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 2 | | The Citadel | Class FieldChapel Hill, NC | W 14–7 | |
| October 9 | | Wake Forest | Class FieldChapel Hill, NC (rivalry) | W 35–0 | |
| October 16 | 3:00 p.m. | at Georgetown | Georgetown FieldWashington, DC | L 0–38 | |
| October 23 | 3:00 p.m. | vs. VMI | Cone Athletic Park (II)Greensboro, NC | T 3–3 | |
| October 30 | 2:30 p.m. | at Georgia Tech | Grant FieldAtlanta, GA | L 3–23 | |
| November 6 | 3:00 p.m. | vs. Clemson | Augusta Street ParkGreenville, SC | W 9–7 | 2,000 |
| November 13 | 3:00 p.m. | vs. Davidson | Prince Albert ParkWinston-Salem, NC | W 41–6 | |
| November 25 | 2:35 p.m. | vs. Virginia | Broad Street Park (II)Richmond, VA (rivalry) | L 0–14 | 13,000 |