# Dallam County, Texas

Dallam County is the north-westernmost county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 Census, its population was 7,115. Its county seat is Dalhart. The county was founded in 1876 and later organized in 1891. It is named for James Wilmer Dallam, a lawyer and newspaper publisher.

## History

Dallam County was formed in 1876 from portions of Bexar County. It was named after James Wilmer Dallam, the lawyer who made the first digest of Texas laws. The first settlement in the area followed in 1870, which resulted in the Red River War of 1874 and 1875 with the native Comanche and Kiowa tribes. In 1900–01, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad company built a stretch from Liberal, Kansas, to Tucumcari, New Mexico, which ran through the county. The location where the tracks met those of the Fort Worth and Denver Railway was named Dalhart. The name is taken from the first letters of Dallam County and Hartley County, between which the town's area is divided. Within a short time, the small railroad stop turned into a sizable town and was named county seat in 1903.
Dallam County was one of the hardest-hit areas in the Dust Bowl.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,505 square miles (3,900 km$^2$), of which 1,503 square miles (3,890 km$^2$) are land and 2.0 square miles (5.2 km$^2$) (0.1%) are covered by water.
Dallam County is one of only three counties in Texas to border two other U.S. states (the others being Bowie and Cass). Dallam County forms part of the tripoint—of Texas-Oklahoma-New Mexico.

### Major highways

* U.S. Highway 54
* U.S. Highway 87
* U.S. Highway 287
* U.S. Highway 385
* State Highway 102

### Adjacent counties

* Cimarron County, Oklahoma (north)
* Sherman County (east)
* Moore County (southeast)
* Hartley County (south)
* Union County, New Mexico (west)

### National protected area

* Rita Blanca National Grassland (part)

## Demographics

Dallam County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 4,257 | 3,726 | 3,119 | 68.42% | 55.59% | 43.84% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 100 | 81 | 74 | 1.61% | 1.21% | 1.04% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 35 | 34 | 51 | 0.56% | 0.51% | 0.72% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 13 | 37 | 10 | 0.21% | 0.55% | 0.14% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0.00% | 0.07% | 0.04% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 1 | 17 | 10 | 0.02% | 0.25% | 0.14% |
| Mixed race or multiracial (NH) | 50 | 86 | 141 | 0.80% | 1.28% | 1.98% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1,766 | 2,717 | 3,707 | 28.38% | 40.53% | 52.10% |
| Total | 6,222 | 6,703 | 7,115 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the census of 2000, 6,222 people, 2,317 households, and 1,628 families were residing in the county. The population density was 4 people per square mile (1.5 people/km$^2$). The 2,697 housing units had an average density of 2 units per square mile (0.77/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the county was 82.64% White, 1.64% Black or African American, 0.90% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 12.41% from other races, and 2.20% from two or more races. About 28.38% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. About 19.6% were German, 8.2% were Irish, 7.1% were English, 5.5% were American, 2.8% were French, 2.7% were Scotch-Irish, and 1.6% were Dutch in ancestry.
Of the 2,317 households, 39.0% had children under 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were not families. About 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the county, the age distribution was 31.8% under 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 20.60% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.00 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 101.30 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $27,946, and for a family was $33,558. Males had a median income of $27,244 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,653. About 11.3% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under 18 and 24.8% of those 65 or over.

## Politics

Dallam County is located within District 86 of the Texas House of Representatives. The seat has been held by Amarillo attorney John T. Smithee, a Republican, since 1985. Dallam County as a whole is heavily Republican in orientation. Joe Biden's 12.24% showing in the 2020 election is the lowest amount of the vote received by a Democrat since the county's organization in 1891.
United States presidential election results for Dallam County, Texas :
| Year | Republican | Republican | Democratic | Democratic | Third party(ies) | Third party(ies) |
| Year | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| 2024 | 1,285 | 88.80% | 152 | 10.50% | 10 | 0.69% |
| 2020 | 1,389 | 86.33% | 197 | 12.24% | 23 | 1.43% |
| 2016 | 1,261 | 81.67% | 222 | 14.38% | 61 | 3.95% |
| 2012 | 1,248 | 81.36% | 253 | 16.49% | 33 | 2.15% |
| 2008 | 1,269 | 79.86% | 302 | 19.01% | 18 | 1.13% |
| 2004 | 1,473 | 82.66% | 305 | 17.12% | 4 | 0.22% |
| 2000 | 1,385 | 79.42% | 341 | 19.55% | 18 | 1.03% |
| 1996 | 970 | 59.36% | 483 | 29.56% | 181 | 11.08% |
| 1992 | 922 | 54.78% | 434 | 25.79% | 327 | 19.43% |
| 1988 | 1,205 | 64.72% | 645 | 34.64% | 12 | 0.64% |
| 1984 | 1,594 | 75.80% | 496 | 23.59% | 13 | 0.62% |
| 1980 | 965 | 58.88% | 632 | 38.56% | 42 | 2.56% |
| 1976 | 936 | 46.64% | 1,029 | 51.27% | 42 | 2.09% |
| 1972 | 1,271 | 78.02% | 327 | 20.07% | 31 | 1.90% |
| 1968 | 990 | 49.30% | 588 | 29.28% | 430 | 21.41% |
| 1964 | 700 | 39.80% | 1,058 | 60.15% | 1 | 0.06% |
| 1960 | 961 | 53.15% | 835 | 46.18% | 12 | 0.66% |
| 1956 | 1,018 | 48.41% | 1,074 | 51.07% | 11 | 0.52% |
| 1952 | 1,464 | 54.77% | 1,197 | 44.78% | 12 | 0.45% |
| 1948 | 399 | 20.54% | 1,504 | 77.41% | 40 | 2.06% |
| 1944 | 323 | 20.06% | 1,118 | 69.44% | 169 | 10.50% |
| 1940 | 427 | 21.63% | 1,539 | 77.96% | 8 | 0.41% |
| 1936 | 220 | 12.74% | 1,436 | 83.15% | 71 | 4.11% |
| 1932 | 341 | 14.83% | 1,935 | 84.13% | 24 | 1.04% |
| 1928 | 618 | 53.00% | 539 | 46.23% | 9 | 0.77% |
| 1924 | 254 | 24.31% | 506 | 48.42% | 285 | 27.27% |
| 1920 | 195 | 26.49% | 478 | 64.95% | 63 | 8.56% |
| 1916 | 81 | 16.53% | 363 | 74.08% | 46 | 9.39% |
| 1912 | 18 | 5.28% | 247 | 72.43% | 76 | 22.29% |

## Education

The following school districts serve Dallam County:
* Dalhart Independent School District
* Stratford Independent School District
* Texline Independent School District

## Communities
### City

* Dalhart (county seat) (partly in Hartley County)

### Town

* Texline

### Unincorporated communities

* Coldwater
* Conlen
* Kerrick

### Ghost towns

* Chamberlin
* Perico
* Ware

## Gallery

* XIT Museum in Dalhart
* Area affected by 1930s Dust Bowl