OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Equivalent rectangular bandwidth

The equivalent rectangular bandwidth or ERB is a measure used in psychoacoustics, which gives an approximation to the bandwidths of the filters in human hearing, using the unrealistic but convenient simplification of modeling the filters as rectangular band-pass filters, or band-stop filters, like in tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT).

## Approximations

For moderate sound levels and young listeners, Moore & Glasberg (1983) suggest that the bandwidth of human auditory filters can be approximated by the polynomial equation:
where   F   is the center frequency of the filter, in kHz, and   ERB( F )   is the bandwidth of the filter in Hz. The approximation is based on the results of a number of published simultaneous masking experiments and is valid from 0.1–6500Hz.
Seven years later, Glasberg & Moore (1990) published another, simpler approximation:
where   f   is in Hz and   ERB( f )   is also in Hz. The approximation is applicable at moderate sound levels and for values of   f   between 100 and 10000Hz.

## ERB-rate scale

The ERB-rate scale, or ERB-number scale, can be defined as a function ERBS(f) which returns the number of equivalent rectangular bandwidths below the given frequency f. The units of the ERB-number scale are known ERBs, or as Cams, following a suggestion by Hartmann. The scale can be constructed by solving the following differential system of equations:
    ${\begin{cases}\mathrm {ERBS} (0)=0\\{\frac {df}{d\mathrm {ERBS} (f)}}=\mathrm {ERB} (f)\\\end{cases}}$
The solution for ERBS(f) is the integral of the reciprocal of ERB(f) with the constant of integration set in such a way that ERBS(0) = 0.
Using the second order polynomial approximation (Eq.1) for ERB(f) yields:
    $\mathrm {ERBS} (f)=11.17\cdot \ln \left({\frac {f+0.312}{f+14.675}}\right)+43.0$
where f is in kHz. The VOICEBOX speech processing toolbox for MATLAB implements the conversion and its inverse as:
    $\mathrm {ERBS} (f)=11.17268\cdot \ln \left(1+{\frac {46.06538\cdot f}{f+14678.49}}\right)$
    $f={\frac {676170.4}{47.06538-e^{0.08950404\cdot \mathrm {ERBS} (f)}}}-14678.49$
where f is in Hz.
Using the linear approximation (Eq.2) for ERB(f) yields:
    $\mathrm {ERBS} (f)=21.4\cdot \log _{10}(1+0.00437\cdot f)$
where f is in Hz.
# Joculator eudeli

Joculator eudeli is a species of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiopsidae. It was described by Jay and Drivas in 2002.
# Alwin Dalitz

Alwin Clarence Dalitz (18 May 1894 – 29 January 1969) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Frane Bitunjac

Frane Bitunjac (born 4 September 1997 in Split, Croatia) is a Croatian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Primorac Biograd.

## Club career

Frane was born in Split but grew up in Kričak and he lived in Knin near Šibenik, playing for youth team of Dinara Knin. He moved to Šibenik and was a constant member of Croatian youth teams. On 31 January 2014 it was announced that Frane will join Fiorentina in summer of 2014 for an undisclosed fee. After joining HNK Šibenik and not playing enough, Frane signed for NK Zagora Unesic football club playing in 3rd Croatian league. Frane showed his huge talent playing as a central midfielder and become one of the best players on the team.
# Ron Chambers

Ron Chambers (born 5 October 1958) is a retired Jamaican long jumper.
He won the bronze medal at the 1978 Central American and Caribbean Games, the silver medal at the 1991 Central American and Caribbean Championships, finished fifth at the 1991 Pan American Games and 11th at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
He became Jamaican champion in 1991 and 1994, and also triple jump champion in 1992. His personal best jump was 8.18 metres, achieved in April 1990 in Miami.
# 1931–32 Primera Fuerza season

The 1931–32 season was the 10th edition of the amateur league renamed as Liga Mayor (English: Major League). After the cancellation of the 1930-31 season, the FMF changed the name of the league to Liga Mayor. It had 8 participating clubs and all matches were played in Mexico City.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Atlante FC | 14 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 53 | 23 | +30 | 23 |
| 2 | Club Necaxa | 14 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 62 | 25 | +37 | 23 |
| 3 | Asturias FC | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 40 | 34 | +6 | 20 |
| 4 | Club América | 14 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 39 | 42 | −3 | 12 |
| 5 | Germania FV | 14 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 36 | 45 | −9 | 12 |
| 6 | Veracruz SC | 14 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 29 | 34 | −5 | 10 |
| 7 | CD Marte | 14 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 30 | 57 | −27 | 7 |
| 8 | Club Leonés | 14 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 24 | 53 | −29 | 5 |
3 Playoff matches were played to define the title, all matches were held at Parque Necaxa.
* Playoff match 1: Club Necaxa 2-3 Atlante FC
* Playoff match 2: Club Necaxa 1-1 Atlante FC
* Playoff match 3: Club Necaxa 0-1 Atlante FC

### Top goalscorers

| Player | Club | Goals |
| Juan Carreño | Atlante FC | 20 |
| Julio Lores | Club Necaxa | 20 |
# Gas Gas EC

The Gas Gas EC, also known as Enducross, is a series enduro motorcycles manufactured by Gas Gas since 1989. It is currently marketed with two different engines: on the one hand, with the traditional engine of two-stroke in various displacements (from 80 to 300 cc) and the other, with a 250 cc four-stroke engine (in which case the bike is called EC FSE, or EC F).these bikes are well known for having inferior suspension it's ktm cousin. Once being described as unrideable.

## Racing results

The EC is one of today's most successful enduro bikes and, for years, it has been ridden in competition by the best riders. So far, Paul Edmondson (in the 125cc category in 1994 and in the 250cc category in 1996), Petteri Silván (in the 250cc category and the absolute in 1999) have won world championships and Petri Pohjamo (in the 125cc category in 2003), Cristóbal Guerrero in the EJ category in 2005, Ludivine Puy in the women's category in 2010 and 2011 and Laia Sanz, also in the women's category in 2012.

## Versions

| cc | Years |
| 50 | 2001 – 2006 |
| 80 | 1993 – 1994 |
| 125 | 1989 – present |
| 200 | 1989 – present |
| 250 | 1989 – present |
| 300 | 1989 – 2020 |
Starting in 2021 the EC 300 was manufactured by KTMs parent company.
# Lunar Orbit and Landing Approach

Project LOLA, or Lunar Orbit and Landing Approach, was a simulator built at the NASA's Langley Research Center to study landing on the lunar surface. Built to aid the Apollo astronauts, it aimed to provide a detailed visual encounter with the Moon's landscape, costing nearly $2 million.

## Construction and design

The simulator's primary components included a cockpit, a closed-circuit television system, and four large-scale models depicting various altitudes of the lunar surface. Artists used paintbrushes and airbrushes to create the models. The four models created:
* A 6-meter diameter sphere that simulated the lunar surface seen from an altitude of 322 kilometers, with a scale of 1 centimeter per 5.7 kilometers
* Three smaller models, each approximately 4.5 meters by 12 meters in size; scaled sections of the large model
* A scaled-up section of the Crater Alphonsus, with a scale of 1 centimeter per 61 meters
The models were mounted on tracks to simulate the spacecraft's movement over the lunar surface. The pilot, positioned in the cockpit, could control the cameras moving along these tracks, switching between models to simulate the descent to the Moon.
* Painting the Moon models

## Training

A training mission began with the pilot on Model 1, simulating the translunar approach and orbit establishment. As the descent progressed, the scene would switch to Model 2, and subsequently to Models 3. The simulation aimed to provide visual cues for controlling a spacecraft near the Moon. The lunar module cabin offered a 45-degree field of view through its windows, while the simulator's projection screens provided a broader 65-degree field of view. Four Schmidt television projectors rear-projected the lunar surface, while a starfield generator, mounted above the cabin, front-projected the stars.
* Construction of Model 1 used in the LOLA simulator.
* Test subject at controls of the simulator
* Test subject during the training session

## Evaluation and decommissioning

Project LOLA was deemed impractical for the actual flight in lunar orbit, as it did not simulate the rendezvous with the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM). The simulator was used by Apollo astronauts starting in 1964, but after Apollo 11 it became evident that the simulator was not necessary. Project LOLA was decommissioned shortly after the end of the Apollo missions and was completely dismantled by 1978.
According to the NASA statement from 1964, "LOLA was not built as a training device for astronauts but as 'a research tool with which NASA scientists can establish a fundamental understanding in the laboratory of the problems associated with the complex task of approaching the Moon and preparing for a landing on its surface.'"
# Solkieniki

Solkieniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barciany, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Barciany, 25 km (16 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn, and 73 km (45 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Concierto como un divertimento

Joaquín Rodrigo's Concierto como un divertimento, for cello and orchestra received its first performance at the Royal Festival Hall, London, on April 15, 1982. The performers were the British cellist Julian Lloyd Webber, who had commissioned the concerto, and the London Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Jesús López-Cobos. Lloyd Webber had approached the Spanish composer, who was by then nearly eighty, with the idea of him writing a new work for cello and orchestra in 1979. Concierto como un divertimento is lightly scored but with the added colours of xylophone and celesta. It is cast in three movements:
* Allegretto
* Adagio nostalgico
* Allegro scherzando
The work was well received at its premiere when the final movement had to be encored. The concerto and its creation was the subject of a South Bank Show television programme which included the complete first performance. The concerto was subsequently recorded for RCA Red Seal with the same performers.
# Guinea-Bissau peso

The peso was the currency of Guinea-Bissau from 1975 to 1997 and was divided into 100 centavos. It replaced the escudo at par. In 1997, in an effort to stop high inflation, Guinea-Bissau adopted the CFA franc, using a conversion rate of 65 pesos to the franc.

## History

The peso replaced the escudo in 1975. It was originally equivalent to the Portuguese escudo.

### Historical exchange rates

* 1975–1976: fixed exchange rate with the Portuguese escudo at parity.
* 1976–1977: fixed exchange rate with the Portuguese escudo (0.85 GWP = 1.00 PTE)
* 1977–1978: fixed exchange rate with the Portuguese escudo (0.74 GWP = 1.00 PTE)
* 26 May 1978 – 22 December 1983: fixed exchange rate with the special drawing rights at a rate of 44 pesos per SDR.
* 23 December 1983: Peso devalued to 88 per SDR.
* 4 May 1987: Peso devalued to 650 per USD.
Continued rapid inflation had eroded the value of the peso. By 1996, the exchange rate had reached 225 pesos per Portuguese escudo.

## Coins

Coins were issued in denominations of 50 centavos, 1, 2+1⁄2, 5 and 20 pesos.

## Banknotes

Banknotes in denominations of 50, 100, and 500 pesos dated 24-9-1975 (24 September 1975) were issued on 2 March 1976. 1000 peso notes were introduced in 1978, followed by 5000 pesos notes in 1984 and 10,000 pesos notes in 1990.
Current Series :
| Image | Image | Value | Main Colour | Description | Description |
| Obverse | Reverse | Value | Main Colour | Obverse | Reverse |
| | | 50 pesos | Reddish-purple | Pansau Na Isna | Villagers |
| | | 100 pesos | Khaki | Domingos Ramos | Central Bank building in Bissau |
| | | 500 pesos | Blue | Francisco Mendes | Slavery |
| | | 1000 pesos | Brown | Amílcar Cabral | "Apoteose ao Triunfo" |
| | | 5000 pesos | Purple and brown | Amílcar Cabral | Fieldwork |
| | | 10,000 pesos | Green | Amílcar Cabral | Fishermen |
# Hari Rasu

Hari Rasu, also known as Administrative Zone 5, is a zone in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Stretching along the eastern base of the Ethiopian highlands, this zone is bordered on the south and east by Gabi Rasu, on the west by the Amhara Region, and on the north by Awsi Rasu.
This Zone covers most of the area governed by the Afar Hari Rasu. Hari Rasu Administrative Zone Divided in to Five Woredas, Such us.
* Hadale'ela District
* Dawe District
* Talalak District
* Dalefage District
* Samurobi District
Mahi Rasu, also known as Administrative Zone 6, is a zone in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Stretching along the eastern base of the Ethiopian highlands, this zone is bordered on the east Djibouti by south Gabi Rasu, on the west by the Hari Rasu, and on the north by Awsi Rasu. This Zone covers most of the area governed by the Afar Hari Rasu.
Mahi Rasu Administrative Zone Divided in to Five Woredas, Such us.
* Garani District
* Kilalu District
* Yangudi District
* Sibaybi District
* Ada Ado District

## Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this Zone has a total population of 183,799, of whom 105,321 are men and 78,478 women. While 12,263 or 6.67% are urban inhabitants, a further 49,551 or 26.96% were pastoralists. Two largest ethnic groups reported in Hari Rasu were the Afar (97.65%), and Amhara (1.7%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.65% of the population. Afar is spoken as a first language by 97.6%, Amharic by 1.8%; the remaining 0.6% spoke all other primary languages reported. 99.3% of the population said they were Muslim.
The 1996 national census reported a total population for this Zone of 282,960, of whom 165,221 were men and 117,739 women; none of its population were reported to be urban dwellers at the time. The major ethnic groupings in 1996 were 99.42% Afar, and 0.24% Amhara. Of the school-age school-age children, 0.26% (0.45% male and 0.00% female) were currently attending school, which is lower than the Regional average; 0.90% of the total population over the age of 10 (1.36% male and 0.26% female) are reported to be literate.
* Districts of under Hari Rasu Administrative Zone
* Hadale'ela District
* Dawe District
* TalalakDistrict
* DalefageDistrict
* SamurobiDistrict
# Paul Nash (Jamaican swimmer)

Paul Nash (born 10 July 1943) is a Jamaican former swimmer who competed at the 1966 and 1970 Commonwealth Games as well as the 1968 Olympics. He has also represented his country at water-polo. He was named Jamaica Sportsperson of the year in 1969. He is the father of West Indian cricketer Brendan Nash.
# Rok Kolander

Rok Kolander (born 8 February 1980 in Maribor) is a Slovenian rower who represented Slovenia at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the Men's Coxless Four.
# Marin Zulim

Marin Zulim (born 26 October 1991) is a Croatian professional footballer who most recently played as a midfielder or forward for Dugopolje.
# Yoel Hoffmann

Yoel Hoffmann (Hebrew: יואל הופמן; 23 June 1937 – 25 August 2023) was an Israeli Jewish contemporary author, editor, scholar and translator. Held a title of a professor of Japanese poetry, Buddhism, and philosophy at the University of Haifa in Israel and lived in Galilee.

## Biography

Born in Braşov, Romania to Jewish parents of Austro-Hungarian culture, at the age of one Hoffmann and his parents fled a Europe increasingly under Nazi influence for the British Mandate of Palestine. Shortly after the move, Hoffmann's mother died and he was entrusted by his father to an orphanage where he spent his time until his father remarried.
As a young man, Hoffmann left his home in Israel and traveled to Japan, where he spent two years living in a Zen monastery and studying Chinese and Japanese texts with monks. He would later return to Japan to earn his doctorate. Hoffmann did not begin writing fiction until in his forties, and though chronologically a member of the sixties "Generation of the State," his work is oft-described as being on the forefront of avant-garde Hebrew literature, with an influence of his Japanese studies discernible in his works.
Hoffmann's first book of fiction, Kätzchen - The Book of Joseph, was published in Hebrew in 1988. He went on to write ten more books in Hebrew, seven of which have been translated into English and published by New Directions; these include Katschen and The Book of Joseph (1998), Bernhard (1998), The Christ of Fish (1999), The Heart is Katmandu (2001), The Shunra and the Schmetterling (2004), Curriculum Vitae (2009), and Moods (2015). Hoffmann was awarded the inaugural Koret Jewish Book Award, as well as the Bialik Prize by the city of Tel Aviv and the Prime Minister's Prize.
The rights to Hoffmann's latest book, Moods, were sold to Galaade publishing company in France and to Keter Books in Israel in 2010.
Yoel Hoffmann died on 25 August 2023, at the age of 86.

## Selected bibliography
### Writings by the author

* Katschen and The Book of Joseph, trans. from Hebrew by Eddie Levenston, David Kriss, and Alan Treister, New Directions (New York, NY) 1998.
* Bernhard, trans. from Hebrew by Alan Treister & Eddie Levenston, New Directions (New York, NY), 1998.
* The Christ of Fish, trans. from Hebrew by Eddie Levenston, New Directions (New York, NY), 1999.
* The Heart is Katmandu, trans. from Hebrew by Peter Cole, New Directions (New York, NY), 2001.
* The Shunra and the Schmetterling, trans. from Hebrew by Peter Cole, New Directions (New York, NY), 2004.
* Curriculum Vitae, trans. from Hebrew by Peter Cole, New Directions (New York, NY), 2009.
* Moods, trans. from Hebrew by Peter Cole, New Directions (New York, NY), 2015.

### Editor and translator

* Japanese Death Poems: Written by Zen Monks and Haiku Poets on the Verge of Death, Tuttle Publishing, 1986.
* The Sound of the One Hand: 281 Zen Koans with Answers, Basic Books, 1975.
# Boleszewo-Kolonia

Boleszewo-Kolonia is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Sławno, within Sławno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Sławno and 171 km (106 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Sorkwity

Sorkwity is a village in Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Sorkwity. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Mrągowo and 43 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located between the Gielądzkie and Lampackie lakes in the historic region of Masuria.

## History

Sarkewitte was founded in 1379 by Winrich von Kniprode, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, for the brothers Christian and Otto von Oelsen. In 1454, the region was incorporated by King Casimir IV Jagiellon into the Kingdom of Poland upon the request of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation. After the subsequent Thirteen Years' War, since 1466, it formed part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Order, and after 1525 held by Ducal Prussia. From 1701 it formed part of the Kingdom of Prussia; from 1871 it was also part of Germany, within which it was administratively located in the province of East Prussia. The estate had many different owners. In 1804, the von Mirbach family acquired Sarkewitte/Sorquitten. The family build a neogothic palace in the village between 1850 and 1856. In the late 19th century, the village had a predominantly Polish population of 431, which was mostly employed in agriculture and cattle breeding.
After the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II the village again became part of Poland by the Potsdam Agreement. Most Germans fled or were expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, and the remaining Polish population was joined by Poles expelled from the eastern Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union or Ukrainians forced to settle in the area through Operation Vistula in 1947.

## Notable residents

* Johann Goercke (1750-1822), German surgeon
* Julius von Mirbach (1839–1921), German politician
# Bertie Wollacott

Bertie Edward Wollacott (5 April 1890 – 4 September 1945) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond and Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
He later served on the Essendon Football Club committee as treasurer for several years.
# Bojan Knežević (Croatian footballer)

Bojan Knežević (born 28 January 1997) is a Croatian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Italian Serie D club Termoli.

## Club career

Knežević spent his youth years at the academy of Dinamo Zagreb from 2012 to 2014. On 10 May 2014, he made his debut for the team against Istra 1961.
In January 2019, he joined Lokomotiva on loan. In July 2022, Knežević signed a contract with Bulgarian club Hebar.
# 1910–11 British Home Championship

The 1910–11 British Home Championship was an international football tournament played between the British Home Nations. After a close competition between England, Scotland and Wales, England won by a single point. Scotland and Wales followed with another point between them above Ireland who failed to gain a single point and only scored two goals.
Wales and Ireland began the tournament with the Welsh winning a close match in Belfast. England played Ireland in the second game with the same scoreline, leaving England and Wales equal at the head of the table. Wales and Scotland drew a hard-fought game before Scotland finished Ireland's tournament with a 2–0 win. England and Wales played a match in London in which a Welsh win would have given them the title but the English side was too strong and ran out 3–0. In the final game between England and Scotland, a win for either side would gain them the championship but England would also win with a draw, a result they achieved at home in Liverpool.

## Table

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| England (C) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | +4 | 5 |
| Scotland | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 4 |
| Wales | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | −2 | 3 |
| Ireland | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 6 | −4 | 0 |

## Winning squad

* England
| Name | Apps/Goals by opponent | Apps/Goals by opponent | Apps/Goals by opponent | Total | Total |
| Name | WAL | IRE | SCO | Apps | Goals |
| Robert Evans | 1 | 1/1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Bob Crompton | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Jesse Pennington | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Jock Simpson | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Ben Warren | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| William Wedlock | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Tim Williamson | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| George Webb | 1/1 | | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Kenneth Hunt | 1 | | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Harold Fleming | 1 | 1 | | 2 | 0 |
| Vivian Woodward | 1/2 | | | 1 | 2 |
| James Stewart | | | 1/1 | 1 | 1 |
| Albert Shepherd | | 1/1 | | 1 | 1 |
| Joe Bache | | | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Albert Sturgess | | 1 | | 1 | 0 |
| George Woodger | | 1 | | 1 | 0 |
# Matic Suholežnik

Matic Suholežnik (born 2 May 1995) is a Slovenian handball player who plays for Saran Loiret Handball and the Slovenia national team.
He represented Slovenia at the 2018 European Men's Handball Championship.
# Croatian People's Party

Croatian People's Party may refer to:
* Croatian People's Party (1990), a political party in Croatia, named so between 1990 and 2005 when it was renamed to include the suffix Liberal Democrats
* People's Party (Kingdom of Croatia), a political party in Austria-Hungary between 1841 and 1918
* People's Party (Dalmatia), a political party in Austria-Hungary between 1861 and 1905
* Croatian People's Party (1919), a political party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes between 1841 and 1929
# Sołdany

Sołdany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Giżycko, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Giżycko and 96 km (60 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Bill Lynch (footballer)

William David Lynch (15 February 1892 – 9 November 1947) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).