OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Erlan Sağadiev

Erlan Kenjegali Sagadiev (Kazakh: Ерлан Кенжеғалиұлы Сағадиев, Erlan Kenjeğaliūly Sağadiev; born 29 September 1966) is a Kazakh politician and economist who served as a Minister of Education and Science from 10 February 2016 to 25 February 2019. Prior to that, he was the president of the University of International Business and the International University of Information Technology and worked in several business organizations.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Born in 1966, Sagadiev graduated from the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University in 1990 with a degree in economics then in 1993 from the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis earning masters in science.

### Business career

Sagadiev began his career in 1990 as a second secretary for the Development of International Economic Relations of the Department of Applied Economics under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1992, he began working in Washington, D.C. as an analysis of the state of agriculture at the Department of the World Bank, curator of the countries of Eastern Europe and CIS. From 1993 to 1994, he led a technological marketing project at the Developed Technology Resources in Minneapolis.
From 1995 to 2004, he was the founder and President of FoodMaster Company, which became a leading dairy company in Kazakhstan, Ukraine, and Moldova. In 2003, Sagadiev became the chairman of the Board of Directors of JSC New Technologies Kazakhstan where he was the general director until 2009. From 2004, Sagadiev was the President of the University of International Business (Almaty). While working there, he also served as an independent director of Government Investment Fund JSC in 2008–2009. In 2009, he was appointed as chairman of the Board of Directors of Frontier Mining Ltd. He is also a founder and first President of the International University of Information Technologies, in a leading IT University in Almaty.

### Political career

From 2012 to 2013, Sagadiev was the advisor to the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan. On 7 February 2014, he was appointed as a Vice Minister of Industry and New Technologies where he served the post until 13 August 2014, when Sağadiev was transferred the post of Vice Minister for Investments and Development continuing to work in the government until he left on 10 July 2015.
Sagadiev returned to work on 10 February 2016, when by the Decree of President Nursultan Nazarbayev, he was appointed as Minister of Education and Science.
On 25 February 2019, Sagadiev was removed from the post as Education and Science Minister along with the entire cabinet following resignation of Prime Minister Bakhytzhan Sagintayev on 21 February. He was succeeded that day by Kulash Shamshidinova. After stepping down from the Ministry, Sağadiev joined Harvard University Advanced Leadership Initiative program in 2019. .

## Awards

* Order of Kurmet (2017)
* Anniversary medal "20 years of City of Astana" (2018)
# Choriovitelline placenta

A choriovitelline placenta is a placenta formed by the yolk sac and chorion. In a choriovitelline placenta, the yolk sac fuses with the chorion and, subsequently, wrinkles develop that hold the embryo to the uterine wall, thus forming the choriovitelline placenta. The chorionic blood vessels are connected with the vitelline blood vessel of the yolk sac.
Because the yolk sac is formed earlier than the allantois in embryo development, a choriovitelline placenta can form earlier than the chorioallantoic placenta. All marsupials maintain a choriovitelline placenta. (However, bandicoots also have a chorioallantoic placenta.) Primates do not form any choriovitelline placenta. However, this is not to say the existence of a choriovitelline placenta is a "primitive" feature: many placental mammals, including pig, horse, and ruminants, forms a choriovitelline placenta in early development before the chorioallantoic placenta forms and the choriovitelline placenta is resorbed. Rodents and some other mammals first from a choriovitelline placenta then forms a chorioallantoic placenta, but both types are maintained throughout gestation.
# Bodden Town FC

Bodden Town Football Club is a Cayman Island professional football club, which currently plays in the Cayman Islands Premier League.

## Achievements

* Cayman Islands League: 4
       2012–13, 2013–14, 2016–17, 2019–20
* Cayman Islands FA Cup: 5
       2000–01, 2008–09, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2020–21

## Former players

* Wesley Robinson
# Unionist Club

The Unionist Club was a short-lived London gentlemen's club, now dissolved, which was established in 1886, and had wound up by 1892. For the last four years of its existence, it had a clubhouse at 66-68 Pall Mall.
The club was formed shortly after the mass defection of scores of Liberal MPs and Peers over the First Home Rule Bill, to create the new Liberal Unionist party. The new party went into an immediate alliance with the Conservatives, but remained a separate body until 1912. Because of this, many Liberal Unionist politicians found they were not wholly welcome in established Conservative clubs like the Carlton, but were equally shunned in traditionally Liberal clubs like the Reform.
Consequently, the club was set up for Liberal Unionists, and moved to its Pall Mall clubhouse in 1888. The Clubhouse had originally been built for the short-lived Junior Naval and Military Club in 1875, which accumulated so much debt over the building that it went bankrupt in 1879. The premises were then taken over by a Conservative club, the Beaconsfield between 1880 and 1887.
The Unionist Club always suffered from limited membership, as a great many Liberal Unionists stayed on in their old Liberal clubs, seeing themselves as 'true' Liberals - this is illustrated by an incident in 1912 when Winston Churchill tried to belittle Sir Edward Carson's integrity by saying "The right hon. Gentleman forces me to remind him that he was a member of the National Liberal Club", only to be told by Carson "I was elected as a Unionist."
Heavily in debt, the Unionist Club closed its doors in 1892. The building was eventually taken over by the New Oxford and Cambridge Club, which operated there from 1894 to 1920.
# Leon Kapliński

Leon Henryk Kapliński (1826–1873) was a Polish painter and political activist.

## Biography

Born 1826 in Petrykozy not far from Warsaw, Leon was the son of Julia (Grabowska) and a small landowner and eminent freemason, Jan Kapliński. The Kaplińskis were a Frankist family; his grandfather Eliasz Adam Kapliński was one of the last known Frankists. Leon Kapliński studied law and philosophy in Warsaw and Wrocław (Breslau). He was engaged in revolutionary underground groups, fled from the part of Poland under Russian rule, was briefly held and interrogated by the Prussian police, and took part in the revolutionary movement in 1848. In the same year, Kapliński emigrated to Paris where he spent most of his remaining years. He took part in Polish émigré political activities, closely connected with the circle of Hotel Lambert and the Czartoryski family, accompanied the Count Witold Czartoryski during his trip to the Balkans and the Near East. Kapliński also edited the periodical Ephémérides Polonaises. He was married to Helena Michalina Hryniewiecka. In 1871 he moved back to Poland, living mostly in Kraków, and died in 1873 in Milosław. He befriended several well-known Polish artists and writers, including Henryk Rodakowski, Jan Matejka, and Cyprian Kamil Norwid.
Kapliński studied art in Poland and later in Paris. His first known works are copies of paintings by famous Italian artists; later he became known and appreciated for his patriotic historical paintings as Wernyhora (1855). His best works are portraits: of his mother Julia (1860), the writer Bohdan Zaleski (1857), Count Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (about 1860), and an autoportrait as a Templar (about 1872). Many of his paintings and other works have perished or been lost. Mainly influenced by classical Italian art and his contemporary Rodakowski, L.K. continued the tradition of academic painting and had no interest for the emerging modernist tendencies of the mid-nineteenth century. He won some recognition in France, participating in the Paris art salons. L.K. wrote some poems and a short novel Nad Wisłą (On Wisla).
His great-nephew was Estonian poet, philosopher, and culture critic Jaan Kaplinski.

## Selected paintings

* Stefan Czarniecki
* Wacław and his Sword-Bearer; illustration from Maria by Antoni Malczewski
* Political activist, Jan Kanty Działyński (1829-1880)
* Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
# Emilia (Bulgarian singer)

Emilia Bashur (Bulgarian: Емилия Башур, née Valeva), known mononymously as Emilia, is a Bulgarian pop folk singer. She has released eight studio albums to date.

## Early life

Emilia was born in Galabovo on 21 March 1982. She has one older sister, Daniela. Emilia became interested in music at an early age and began singing in the local choir. She began learning traditional Bulgarian music with Jivka Dimitrova and Dimitar Kolev. Several years later, she signed a contract with the Bulgarian record label Payner.
In 1999, she recorded her first song- "Its over with you" which became popular in the pop-folk culture. Her debut album Veselo Momiche (Happy Girl) was successful.
She has a son, Ivan and a daughter, Mira.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* 2001: Весело Момиче (Veselo Momiche — Happy Girl)
* 2002: Нежни Устни (Nezhni Ustni — Tender Lips)
* 2003: Ангел в Нощта (Angel v Noshta — Angel in the Night)
* 2005: Самотна Cтая (Samotna Staia — Lonely Room)
* 2006: Мисли за Mен (Misli za Men — Think About Me)
* 2008: Родена съм да те обичам (Rodena sum da te obicham – I was born to love you)
* 2010: Така ми харесва (Taka mi haresva — I like that)
* 2012: Смелите си имат всичко (Smelite si imat vsichko — The Brave Have It All)
* 2015: Ех, Българийо красива (Eh, Balgariyo krasiva — Ah, beautiful Bulgaria)
* 2020: Акула (Akula — Shark)
* 2023: Турбуленция (Turbulence)

### Greatest hits

* 2007: Целувай ме – Best Ballads (Tseluvay me – Kiss me)
* 2013: Златните хитове на Емилия (Zlatnite hitove na Emilia — Golden hits of Emilia)

### Video albums

* 2006: Emilia Best Video Selection

## Planeta Tours

Emilia took part in Planeta Tours in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2014.
# Sudhakaran

Sudhakaran may refer to:
* G. Sudhakaran, minister in Government of Kerala, India
* K. Sudhakaran a Member of Parliament (India)
* Pandalam Sudhakaran, Indian politician
* Sudhakaran Kumar, Indian football player
* Sudhakaran Ramanthali, Indian Malayalam-language writer
# Atlantic Airlines (Nicaragua)

Atlantic Airlines was an airline based in Nicaragua's capital city, Managua. It was a scheduled and charter airline, established in 1997 and operating domestic and international flights in Central America. Its main base was Managua International Airport. The airline ceased operations in 2007.

## Destinations

* Managua - Bluefields - Daily
* Bluefields - Managua - Daily
* Bluefields - Big Corn Island - Daily
* Big Corn Island - Bluefields - Daily
* Managua - Puerto Cabezas - Daily
* Puerto Cabezas - Managua - Daily

## Accidents and Incidents

Atlantic Airlines flight 870 came out On September 18, 2001. Crash at The Aurora International Airport ,due a pilot error and loss of control due to incorrect weight distribution.

## Fleet

The Atlantic Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft (at March 2007):
* 5 Let L-410 UVP-E
* 1 Let L-410 UVP-E20
# Old Bodney Camp

Old Bodney Camp is a 32.8-hectare (81-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Little Cressingham in Norfolk, England. It is part of the Breckland Special Protection Area.
This area of heath is maintained by rabbit grazing. It has some areas of grassland and others dominated by lichen and moss. There are two nationally rare moths, Noctua orbona and Scopula rubiginata, which are almost confined to the Breckland region.
The site is private land with no public access.
# Farmington Township, Fulton County, Illinois

Farmington Township is one of twenty-six townships in Fulton County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,241 and it contained 1,484 housing units.

## History

Farmington Township is named after Farmington, Connecticut.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Farmington Township has a total area of 35.88 square miles (92.93 km$^2$), of which 35.69 square miles (92.44 km$^2$) (or 99.46%) is land and 0.19 square miles (0.49 km$^2$) (or 0.54%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Farmington
* Norris (north half)

### Unincorporated towns

* Forty Acres
* Gilchrist
* Middlegrove
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these five cemeteries: Coal Creek, Hill, Oak Ridge, Pleasant Hill and Providence Chapel.

### Major highways

* Illinois Route 78
* Illinois Route 116

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 3,241 people, 1,284 households, and 804 families residing in the township. The population density was 90.32 inhabitants per square mile (34.87/km$^2$). There were 1,484 housing units at an average density of 41.36 per square mile (15.97/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 94.94% White, 0.19% African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 4.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.94% of the population.
There were 1,284 households, out of which 33.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.52% were married couples living together, 8.57% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 37.38% were non-families. 33.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.07.
The township's age distribution consisted of 27.5% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $57,542, and the median income for a family was $59,667. Males had a median income of $46,172 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the township was $29,810. About 5.1% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.

## School districts

* Canton Union School District 66
* Farmington Central Community Unit School District 265

## Political districts

* Illinois' 17th congressional district
* State House District 91
* State Senate District 46
# Roman Macek

Roman Macek (born 18 April 1997) is a Czech football player who plays as a midfielder in Switzerland for Lugano.

## Club career

He made his professional debut in the Serie B for Bari on 21 January 2017 in a game against Cittadella.
On 31 August 2018, he joined Lugano in the Swiss Super League on a season-long loan.
On 27 January 2019, Macek signed a contract with Lugano until 30 June 2022. On 24 August 2020, Macek signed a new contract with Lugano until 30 June 2025. On 25 August 2021, Lugano announced that they are forced to release Macek due to Swiss league regulations. However, in October 2021 he appeared for Lugano's reserve squad Team Ticino U21 that plays in the fourth-tier Swiss 1. Liga. On 30 October 2021, he suffered an ACL tear which kept him from playing for almost a year. He returned to the main Lugano squad in the 2022–23 season.
# Anchorage in reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcement bars ("rebars"), reinforcement grids, plates or fibers are embedded to create bond and thus to strengthen the concrete in tension. The composite material was invented by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867.

## Description

Conventionally the term concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel. However, other materials are often used to reinforce concrete e.g. organic and inorganic fibres, composites in different forms. While compared to its compressive strength, concrete is weak in tension. Thus adding reinforcement increases the strength in tension. The other purpose of providing reinforcement in concrete is to hold the tension cracked sections together.

## Mechanism of composite action of reinforcement and concrete

The reinforcement in a RC structure, such as a steel bar, has to undergo the same strain or deformation as the surrounding concrete in order to prevent discontinuity, slip or separation of the two materials under load. Maintaining composite action requires transfer of load between the concrete and steel. The direct stress is transferred from the concrete to the bar interface so as to change the tensile stress in the reinforcing bar along its length. This load transfer is achieved by means of bond (anchorage) and is idealized as a continuous stress field that develops in the vicinity of the steel-concrete interface.

## Anchorage (bond) in concrete: Codes of specifications

Because the actual bond stress varies along the length of a bar anchored in a zone of tension, most international codes of specifications use the concept of development length rather than bond stress. The same concept applies to lap splice length mentioned in the codes where splices (overlapping) provided between two adjacent bars in order to maintain the required continuity of stress in the splice zone.
# Pulham Market Big Wood

Pulham Market Big Wood is a 4.7-hectare (12-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Long Stratton in Norfolk, England.
The ancient coppice wood on boulder clay is probably the last fragment of a much larger area of woodland. The standard trees are mature pedunculate oaks and the coppice layer is very overgrown. The ground flora is dominated by bramble, honeysuckle and bracken.
Boudica's Way footpath runs through the wood.
# Ambra Senatore

Ambra Senatore (born 1976) is an Italian choreographer, researcher and educator at the University of Milan. In 2015, she was named director of the Centre Chorégraphique National de Nantes.
She was born in Turin. In 2004, she completed a doctorate in contemporary dance. She has trained with various choreographers including Carolyn Carlson, Dominique Dupuy and Bill T. Jones. In 2012, she established a dance company EDA based in Besançon. She lectures on the history of dance at the University of Milan. In 2007, she published La danza d’autore, vent’anni di danza contemporanea in Italia.
Senatore has worked with Jean-Claude Gallotta [fr], Giorgio Rossi, Georges Lavaudant [fr] and Antonio Tagliarini.
In 2013, she choreographed and produced Nos amours bêtes, based on a script by Fabrice Melquiot [fr]. In 2018, she developed choreography for dances performed in the opera Cendrillon by Jules Massenet.

## Choreographed works

* Merce
* Passo (2010), was awarded the Premio Equilibrio by the Fondazione Musica per Roma
* A Posto (2011)
* John (2012)
* Aringa Rossa (2014)
* Quante Storie (2016)
# Independent Rural Party (Sweden)

The Independent Rural Party (Swedish: Landsbygdspartiet Oberoende, lit. 'Independent Countryside Party') is a Swedish agrarian and Eurosceptic political party founded in 2010 which focuses on politics for rural areas.
Benneth Thyr was elected as the chairperson and party leader in April 2024.

## Local election results and representation

Since 2022, the party is represented in nine municipalities, having lost representation in four municipalities (Härjedalen, Luleå, Söderköping and Vansbro) in the same year's local elections, they increased their support in Nora, Malung-Sälen, Sollefteå and Valdemarsvik. The party has also taken part in the general elections in 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022 but with limited results. The party received 0.06% of the vote in the 2014 general election, and 0.08% in the 2018 general election.
At its party congress on 16 April 2019, Stefan Torssell was appointed as party leader.
The party holds a total of 27 seats in the following municipalities:
Municipal seats (2022) :
| Municipality | Seats |
| Nora | 5 of 35 |
| Valdemarsvik | 5 of 35 |
| Svenljunga | 4 of 33 |
| Malung-Sälen | 4 of 39 |
| Kinda | 3 of 35 |
| Uppvidinge | 2 of 35 |
| Lindesberg | 2 of 45 |
| Askersund | 1 of 33 |
| Sollefteå | 1 of 45 |

## Results in national elections

| Year | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 2010 | 1,565 | 0.03 (#12) | 0 / 349 | New | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2014 | 3,450 | 0.06 (#15) | 0 / 349 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2018 | 4,962 | 0.08 (#14) | 0 / 349 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2022 | 2,215 | 0.03 (#17) | 0 / 349 | 0 | Extra-parliamentary |

## European Parliament election, 2019

LpO contested the 2019 election to the European Parliament with six candidates. The party received 0.05% of the vote.
# BigBrain

BigBrain is a freely accessible high-resolution 3D digital atlas of the human brain, released in June 2013 by a team of researchers at the Montreal Neurological Institute and the German Forschungszentrum Jülich and is part of the European Human Brain Project. The isotropic 3D spatial resolution of the BigBrain atlas is 20 μm, much finer than the typical 1 mm resolution of other existing 3D models of the human brain such as the Allen Brain Atlas. In 2014, BigBrain was cited in the top 10 MIT Technology Review.

## Acquisition

The atlas was created from the brain of an unidentified 65-year-old man (it was "65-year-old female", according to "BigBrain: An Ultrahigh-Resolution3D Human Brain Model", page 1472, Amunts K et al., SCIENCE, 21 JUNE 2013 VOL 340) who died with no known brain pathology. His brain, after being removed from the skull, was first scanned using an MRI machine, then embedded in paraffin and sliced into 7,404 20 μm thick sections using a large-scale microtome. After each section was removed, the uncut face was photographed in order to provide an additional reference for removing distortion. The brain sections were placed on large glass slides and then stained for cell bodies using the Merker method, a process that causes the grey matter in the brain to be darkly stained while leaving the white matter uncoloured. The stained sections were scanned and digitized using a flatbed scanner at 2400dpi, creating a one terabyte raw record. The acquisition process took about 1,000 hours of labor.

## Image processing

The resulting digital images were then processed by human operators to remove artifacts, and by software to align them with the reference images and with neighbouring sections, thereby correcting distortions that inevitably arise during histological processing. The corrected data were then assembled into a three-dimensional computer model with a spatial isotropic 3D resolution of 20 μm. The atlas took five years to complete. The database for the atlas is accessible on the web at bigbrainproject.org. Announced plans include mapping additional brains and providing tools to allow brain scans from medical patients to be aligned to the BigBrain structure.
# Rosie Curston's Meadow, Mattishall

Rosie Curston's Meadow is a 2.3-hectare (5.7-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Mattishall in Norfolk, England.
This unimproved calcareous clay meadow is managed by cattle grazing. It has over sixty grass species and a rich variety of herbs, including green-winged orchid, adder's tongue, bee orchid, twayblade and yellow rattle.
The site is private land with no public access.