OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rossend Castle

Rossend Castle is a historic building in Burntisland, a town on the south coast of Fife, Scotland.

## History

A keep, known as the Tower of Kingorne Wester, was in existence on the site from 1119. It was later referred to as Burntisland Castle, and by 1382 was called Abbot's Hall, as it was the home of the Abbot of Dunfermline. The present building is largely of the 16th century, though with a 13th-century basement, which contains lancet windows and may represent the remains of a chapel. It was rebuilt by Peter Durie of Durie from 1552, and the arms of Abbot George Durie, and the date 1554, appear over the main door.
During the war of the Rough Wooing the English soldier John Luttrell landed at Burntisland on 28 December 1547. He burnt boats and buildings at the pier, and the owners of Rossend surrendered the castle to him.
Mary, Queen of Scots, visited during her short personal reign (1561–1567). On 14 February 1562, the French messenger and poet Chastelard was discovered hiding under Mary's bed in the castle.
On 11 May 1590 Sir Robert Melville hosted the Danish Admiral Peder Munk who was travelling to Falkland Palace to take possession of the lands granted to Anne of Denmark as part of her dowry.
In April 1594 James VI came to Rossend from Leith with his guard, and unsuccessfully tried to capture two rebel supporters of the Earl of Bothwell, Archibald Wauchope of Niddrie and John Wemyss of Logie. Probably in the first decades of the 17th-century, Sir Robert Melville commissioned a painted timber ceiling. The scheme includes his initials "SRM" which he used as a seal on his letters, and pictorial emblems copied from the Devises Heroïques of Claude Paradin and other print sources. The ceiling may have been part of a redecoration of the castle in 1617, when King James planned to visit during his "salmon-like" return to Scotland. Melville was instructed to make "his house of Burntyland patent" for his majesty's reception. One of the documented Scottish painters of the period, James Workman, lived in Burntisland.
The castle was captured in 1651 by the soldiers of Oliver Cromwell, and in the later 17th century it was owned by the Wemyss family, who remodelled the top floor.
By 1765, it was owned by Murdoch Campbell, a Highlander from Skye, who probably gave the building its current name.
In 1915 Thomas Ross was arrested whilst studying the castle, for sketching in a prohibited area, and fined five shillings.
The castle was acquired by the Town Council in 1952. In 1957, the Scottish renaissance painted ceilings was discovered and is now displayed in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. The council threatened to demolish the property, which had been allowed to deteriorate, but it was saved after a public inquiry in 1972. In 1975, the castle was bought by the architecture firm Robert Hurd & Partners, who restored it and retain the building as their offices. It is a category B listed building.
It was bought in 2019 by private owners who have restored it
# Bob Shearer (footballer)

Robert Nicol Shearer (29 October 1892 – 15 December 1957) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Siniec, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Siniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Srokowo, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Srokowo, 11 km (7 mi) north-east of Kętrzyn, and 77 km (48 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Phenol extraction

Phenol extraction is a laboratory technique that purifies nucleic acid samples using a phenol solution. Phenol is common reagent in extraction because its properties allow for effective nucleic acid extraction, particularly as it strongly denatures proteins, it is a nucleic acid preservative, and it is immiscible in water.
It may also refer to the process of extracting and isolating phenols from raw materials such as coal tar. These purified phenols are used in many industrial and medical compounds and are used as precursors in some synthesis reactions.

## Phenol extraction of nucleic acids

Phenol extraction is a widely used technique for purifying nucleic acid samples from cell lysates. To obtain nucleic acids, the cell must be lysed, and the nucleic acids separated from other cell components.
Phenol is a polar substance with a higher density than water (1.07 g/cm$^3$ compared to water's 1.00 g/cm$^3$). When suspended in a water-phenol solution, denatured proteins and unwanted cell components dissolve in the phenol, while polar nucleic acids dissolve in the water phase. The solution may then be centrifuged to separate the phenol and water into distinct organic and aqueous phases. Purified nucleic acids can be precipitated from the aqueous phase of the solution.
Phenol is often used in combination with chloroform. Adding an equal volume of chloroform and phenol ensures a distinct separation between the aqueous and organic phases. Chloroform and phenol are miscible and create a denser solution than phenol alone, aiding the separation of the organic and aqueous layers. This addition of chloroform is useful when removing the aqueous phase to obtain a purified nucleic acid sample.
The pH of the solution must be adjusted specifically for each type of extraction. For DNA extraction, the pH is adjusted to 7.0–8.0. For RNA-specific extraction, the pH is adjusted to 4.5. At pH 4.5, hydrogen ions neutralize the negative charges on the phosphate groups, causing DNA to dissolve in the organic phase while allowing RNA to be isolated separately in the aqueous phase.
# Troisfontaines-la-Ville

Troisfontaines-la-Ville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Oshane Bailey

Oshane Andre Bailey (born 8 September 1989) is a Jamaican sprinter, who specialises in the 100 and 200 meters. He is the 2010 Jamaica National Champion in the 100 m.
At the 2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics, Bailey helped the Jamaican squad to a silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay.
At the 2010 Commonwealth games Bailey qualified for the final as a fastest loser, but had to pull out as his pulled his hamstring on the line in the semi-final.
Oshane "Country" Bailey qualified for Jamaicas 2013 World Championships team and was in the 4x100mrelay pool.

## Personal best

| Distance | Time | venue |
| 100 m | 10.11 s (wind: +1.7 m/s) | Miramar, United States (9 July 2010) |
| 200 m | 20.66 s (wind: +0.9 m/s) | Kingston, Jamaica (17 May 2014) |

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Jamaica ||||||
| 2006 | Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U20) | Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago | 1st | 4 × 100 m | 40.49 |
| 2008 | World Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 2nd | 4 × 100 m | 39.25 |
| 2010 | NACAC Under-23 Championships | Miramar, Florida, United States | 2nd | 100 m | 10.11 (+1.7 m/s) |
| 2010 | NACAC Under-23 Championships | Miramar, Florida, United States | 2nd | 4 × 100 m | 39.36 |
| 2010 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | 4th | 100 m | 10.20 (+0.7 m/s) |
| 2010 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | 2nd | 4 × 100 m | 38.78 |
| 2010 | Commonwealth Games | Delhi, India | 4th (sf)$^1$ | 100 m | 10.20 (+0.9 m/s) |
| 2011 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | 4th | 100 m | 10.28 (-0.5 m/s) |
| 2011 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Mayagüez, Puerto Rico | 1st | 4 × 100 m | 38.81 |
| 2011 | Pan American Games | Guadalajara, México | 12th (h)$^2$ | 100 m | 10.41 A (-1.0 m/s) |
| 2011 | Pan American Games | Guadalajara, México | — | 4 × 100 m | DQ |
| 2013 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Morelia, México | 11th (h) | 100 m | 10.30 A (+1.2 m/s) |
| 2013 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Morelia, México | 2nd | 4 × 100 m | 38.86 A |
| 2013 | World Championships | Moscow, Russia | 1st$^3$ | 4 × 100 m | 38.17$^3$ |
| 2014 | Pan American Sports Festival | Mexico City, Mexico | 4th | 100 m | 10.39 A (-1.3 m/s) |
| 2015 | NACAC Championships | San José, Costa Rica | 1st | 4 × 100 m | 38.07 |
| 2017 | World Relays | Nassau, Bahamas | 3rd | 4 × 200 m | 1:21.09 |
| 2018 | Commonwealth Games | Gold Coast, Australia | 13th (sf) | 100 m | 10.32 |
| 2018 | Commonwealth Games | Gold Coast, Australia | 3rd | 4 × 100 m | 38.35 |
| 2019 | World Relays | Yokohama, Japan | – | 4 × 200 m | DQ |
| 2019 | Pan American Games | Lima, Peru | 9th (h) | 100 m | 10.43 |
| 2019 | Pan American Games | Lima, Peru | 5th | 4 × 100 m relay | 39.01 |
| 2019 | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 11th (h) | 4 × 100 m relay | 38.15 |
| 2022 | NACAC Championships | Freeport, Bahamas | 7th | 100 m | 10.33 |
$^1$: Did not show in the final. $^2$: Disqualified in the semifinal. $^3$: Competed only in the heat.
# Daral Lake

Daral Lake (Urdu: درال جھیل) is an alpine lake within the Swat Kohistan region of the Swat Valley in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is situated to the northeast of Saidgai Lake. "Daral" is a Dardic word and literally means "stream" or "spring water".
The lake appears as a giant amoeba in shape. Near the lake, there is an ancient mosque where shepherds and visitors offer their prayers and use it as a resting place for the night.

## Location and physical features

Daral Dand is situated in the western upper reaches of Bahrain, in the foothills of Spinsar Mountain and to the northeast of Saidgai Dand at an elevation of 3,505.2 m (11,500 ft). The lake is fed by melting glaciers of the surrounding mountains and gives rise to Daral Khwar which is the main left tributary of Swat River.

## Access

Daral Lake is accessible only during the summer; during the winter, the trails which lead to the lake, are closed due to heavy snowfall. While in summer, it can be accessed from Bahrain in three to four hours of trekking on bare mountains, after which the trek descends down towards the east where Daral Lake is located. Alternatively, it can be approached from Gabina Jabba hill top, the most favoured trail. An unmetalled-cum-jeepable road ends at Gabina Jabba where the trekking journey begins. From here, continuous trekking for almost 4–5 hours leads to the lake.
# Gordan Barić

Gordan Barić (born 11 August 1994) is a Croatian footballer who plays for Inker Zaprešić as a defender.
# Zinc finger protein 257

Zinc finger protein 257 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF257 gene.
# Siódmak, Szczytno County

Siódmak (German: Schodmack) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczytno, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Szczytno and 42 km (26 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Filip Žderić

Filip Žderić (born 11 December 1991) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Rudeš.

## Club career
### Kukësi

In January 2018, Žderić moved to Albanian Superliga club Kukësi on a free transfer. He made his league debut for the club on 26 January 2018 in a 3–1 away victory over KF Vllaznia Shkodër. In this match, he also scored his first league goal for Kukësi. The goal, scored in the 80th minute, made the score 2–1. He played all ninety minutes of the match. He left the club at the end of the season.

### NK Zadar

On 21 March 2019 it was confirmed, that Žderić had joined Croatian Second Football League club NK Zadar.

## Honours
### HNK Cibalia

* Croatian Second Football League: 2015–16
# Rasheed Broadbell

Rasheed Broadbell (born 13 August 2000) is a Jamaican hurdler who specializes in the 110 metres hurdles, which he won at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. He also won the bronze medal in the same event at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Career

In 2021, Broadbell had a breakthrough year, running a personal best of 13.10 seconds in Kingston, however he was unable to qualify for the delayed 2020 Olympics due to injury.
At the 2022 Jamaican Championships, Broadbell finished second in 13.20 seconds to qualify for the 2022 World Championships, where he made the semi-finals. He went on to compete at the 2022 Commonwealth Games, winning gold in a new personal best and games record of 13.08 seconds. Later that year, he ran sub-13 and won his first Diamond League at the Lausanne Diamond League, running 12.99 seconds.
Broadbell won the 2023 Jamaican Championships in a new personal best of 12.94 seconds. He was disqualified in the heats at the 2023 World Championships after falling after hurdle nine.
In 2024, Broadbell ran a new personal best over 60 m hurdles of 7.56 seconds in Fayetteville. He won his second consecutive Jamaican title over 110 m hurdles to qualify for the 2024 Paris Olympics, where he won the bronze medal.

### Track records

As of 14 September 2024, Broadbell holds the following track records for 110 metres hurdles.
| Location | Time | Windspeed m/s | Date |
| Freeport | 13.10 | +0.2 | 13/05/2023 |
| Rabat | 13.08 | –1.3 | 28/05/2023 |
# Jodhpur Gramin district

Jodhpur Gramin district (translated as: Jodhpur Rural) is district in Rajashtan state of India. This district was formed in 7 August 2023. Its administrative headquarters is Jodhpur district.

## Recent Updates

On 28th December 2024, the Cabinet of Rajasthan decided not to retain 9 new districts- Anupgarh, Dudu, Gangapur City, Jaipur Rural, Jodhpur Rural, Kekri, Neem Ka Thana, Sanchore, and Sanchore, and Shahpura- along with the 3 newly created divisions--Banswara, Pali, and Sikar.
# Hrafnhildur Hanna Þrastardóttir

Hrafnhildur Hanna Þrastardóttir (born 14 May 1995) is an Icelandic handballer who plays for Icelandic top division side ÍBV and the Icelandic national team as a central back.

## Career
### Club career

In 2015, Hrafnhildur was the top goal scorer in the Úrvalsdeild kvenna 159 goals. She again led the league in scoring in 2016 and 2017.

### National team career

Hrafnhildur was first selected to the Icelandic national team in 2014. In March 2017, Hrafnhildur tore her left ACL in a game against Netherlands.

## Achievements

* Úrvalsdeild kvenna top goal scorer: 2015, 2016, 2017

## Club statistics

| Season | League | Team | G | Goals | Y | 2M | R |
| 2012–13 | Úrvalsdeild kvenna | Selfoss | 16 | 96 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 2013–14 | Úrvalsdeild kvenna | Selfoss | 20 | 110 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| 2014–15 | Úrvalsdeild kvenna | Selfoss | 22 | 159 | 3 | 7 | 0 |
| 2015–16 | Úrvalsdeild kvenna | Selfoss | 26 | 247 | 9 | 7 | 0 |
| 2016–17 | Úrvalsdeild kvenna | Selfoss | 18 | 174 | 6 | 2 | 0 |
| 2017–18 | Úrvalsdeild kvenna | Selfoss | 12 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018–19 | Úrvalsdeild kvenna | Selfoss | 14 | 101 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 117 | 921 | 27 | 25 | 0 |
# Nathan Reardon

Nathan Jon Reardon (born 8 November 1984) is an Australian former professional cricketer. He primarily played as a batsman in limited overs matches, playing for his home state of Queensland from 2005 to 2016. He also played Twenty20 cricket in the Big Bash League for four different teams, and represented Australia in two Twenty20 Internationals in November 2014.

## Cricket career

Reardon made his debut for Queensland in its opening game of the 2005–06 ING Cup on 14 October 2005. He was selected as the team's "super sub" (an experimental rule allowing a player to be substituted into the match partway through) to replace the injured Chris Simpson. He was considered an all-rounder early in his career, combining his batting with medium-pace bowling, but later on bowled less and was included in the team purely for his batting.
Across his career, Reardon experienced more success in one-day and Twenty20 matches than he did in longer first-class matches. He had his best season in the 2011–12 Ryobi One-Day Cup. He scored his maiden one-day century in a match against Western Australia on 11 February 2012. Although Queensland went on to lose the game by 5 runs, Reardon was still named the player of the match for his efforts. Reardon finished the competition with 403 runs at an average of 57.57, the second-most runs of any batter in the competition.
Reardon was included in the Australian national cricket team's squad for a Twenty20 International (T20I) series against South Africa in November 2014. This series was being played in very close proximity to a Test series in the United Arab Emirates, which made a number of Test players unavailable for the T20I series. Reardon was selected off of the back of his strong batting in the 2014–15 Matador BBQs One-Day Cup to make up for this unavailability. He made his T20I debut in the first match of the series at Adelaide Oval on 5 November. His cap was presented to him by former Australian batsman Michael Hussey. He played his second and final T20I two days later on 7 November at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, and was never selected to play for Australia again. He played his final professional cricket game for the Hobart Hurricanes in the Big Bash League in February 2018.
# Andem

Andem may refer to:
* Andem, Gabon
* A surname of Telugu speaking people of Reddy community living mostly in the Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states of India.

## People with the surname

* Julie Andem (born 1982), Norwegian screenwriter, director, and television producer
* Bassey William Andem (born 1968), Cameroonian footballer
# Skandia (2003 yacht)

Skandia (rechristened Wild Thing and Arca in 2019) is a 100 ft maxi yacht built in 2003. She was designed by Don Jones. She won line hours in the 2003 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race skippered by Grant Wharington.
# Leo Čizmić

Leo Čizmić (born December 17, 1998) is an Israeli-born Croatian professional basketball player who plays for Bàsquet Girona of the LEB Plata.

## Career

The son of former basketball player Teo Čizmić, who was a member of the Yugoslavian junior national team and played professionally in a number of European countries, he was born in Israel, where his father was playing at the time.
Čizmić came through the youth ranks of KK Split and headed to Spain in 2014 to join Baloncesto Sevilla. He played for the club’s youth team and for their second men’s team, before making his debut in Spain’s top-tier Liga ACB in the 2015-16 season. He would then flit between Sevilla’s ACB squad and their affiliate teams.
Čizmić moved to Araberri of the Spanish second-tier LEB Oro for the 2017-18 season.

## International career

He was a member of the Croatian national team that participated in the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship and the 2016 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship.
# Deandre Watkin

Deandre Watkin (born 9 December 2002) is a Jamaican sprinter. In 2024, he became Jamaican national champion over 400 metres.

## Early life

He attended Jamaica College. In March 2020, he ran 10.61 to win the U20 boys' 100m final of the Jamaica's Carifta Games Trials at the National Stadium.

## Career

He had a personal best for the 400 metres of 45.26 from 2023, which he lowered to 45.19 in the heats of the Jamaican Athletics Championships in June 2024. On 28 June 2024, he set a personal best time of 44.48 seconds to win the Jamaican national championship in Kingston, Jamaica.
He competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics over 400 metres in August 2024.
# Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital

Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital (Spanish: Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins), formerly known as the Central Hospital of Lima (Spanish: Hospital Central de Lima) and as the Employee Hospital (Spanish: Hospital del Empleado) is a Level IV (category III-1) public hospital in Jesús María District, Lima, Peru. Named after its promoter, Edgardo Rebagliati, it is the most important social security hospital complex in Peru.

## History

The construction project was born together with the creation of the Social Security of the Employee (Spanish: Seguro Social del Empleado) in 1948, under the government of General Manuel A. Odría. Its construction began in 1951, on land that had previously belonged to the University of San Marcos. Its original name was Employee Hospital. The work was promoted by Dr. Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Minister of Public Health and Social Assistance, lawyer and great promoter of social security in his country.
The project was entrusted to the American architects Edward Durell Stone and Alfred Lewis Aydelott. More than 7,000 tons of iron, 800,000 bags of cement, 102,000 linear metres of pipe, 960,000 linear metres of wire and 25,400 units of light fixtures were used. The area it covered was 127,000 m$^2$.
Odría greatly appreciated this work and considered it one of the most representative of his government, so, even though it was not yet fully equipped, he organized an inauguration ceremony on July 24, 1956, four days before the end of his presidency.
The work was finally completed in 1958, already under the second government of Manuel Prado Ugarteche. On November 3 of that year, it was definitively inaugurated in a ceremony presided over by the Minister of Health, Francisco Sánchez Moreno. It then had 466 operational beds. Its first director was Dr. Guillermo Kaelin de la Puente (until 1968).
In 1975, it changed its name and was renamed Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, in homage to its promoter.
# Luka Grubišić

Luka Grubišić (born 9 November 1997) is a Croatian footballer playing for Uskok.

## Club career

Coming from the Brda quarter of Split, Grubišić first joined the NK Dalmatinac Split academy at the age of 7, before moving on to HNK Hajduk Split 3 years later. In 2009, he moved on to the RNK Split academy, where he spent the rest of his youth career. A youth international, he debuted for the senior team in September 2014, at the age of 16.
In June 2017, after he featured in 29 league matches over the previous three seasons, Grubišić left the relegated RNK Split and joined NK Široki Brijeg.
Not getting enough playing time, he left Široki and moved to the Croatian third-tier NK Primorac 1929 club in February 2018. In February 2019, he then joined NK Dugopolje. In summer 2021, he left Hajduk Split II for Uskok.
# Highway 8 (Iraq)

Highway 8 is an Iraqi highway which extends from Baghdad, through Al Hillah, Al-Qādisiyyah, As Samawah, Nasiriyah, Basrah, to the Kuwait frontier.
# Þorgerður Anna Atladóttir

Þorgerður Anna Atladóttir (born 2 June 1992) is an Icelandic former team handball player. She played for the Icelandic national team, and participated at the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil. On 28 August 2018, she announced her retirement from handball due to injuries.

## Career

She started playing handball at UMF Stjarnan in Iceland. Here she won the Icelandic championship and Icelandic Cup in 2008 and 2009.
In 2011 she moved to Valur Reykjavík, where she once again won back-to-back Icelandic Cups in 2012 and 2013. In 2013 she moved to Norwegian club Flint Tønsberg. In the 2013/2014 she suffered from shoulder injuries and only played 7 games during the season.
In the summer of 2014 she moved to German HC Leipzig. Once again she had shoulder injuries, so her first match for the German club would first come over 6 months later in February 2015 against DJK/MJC Trier. Only 15 days later she suffered a cruciate ligament tear.
In 2016 she returned to Icelandic handball and UMF Stjarnan, where she played two seasons before retiring.
# Philippe Jorion

Philippe Jorion is an author, professor and risk manager. He is the author of more than 100 publications on the topic of risk management and international finance, and is credited with pioneering the Value at Risk approach to risk management.
Jorion's works include Financial Risk Manager Handbook and Value at Risk: The New Benchmark for Managing Financial Risk. He serves as the Chancellor’s Professor of Finance at the Paul Merage School of Business at the University of California at Irvine and is a managing director at investment firm PAAMCO where he heads the Risk Management group.
Jorion has received several awards honoring excellence in research and financial writing, including two from the CFA Institute. Jorion holds an MBA and a PhD from the University of Chicago and a degree in engineering from ULB Brussels.