OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dennis Ram

Dennis Ram (born March 30, 1974, in The Hague) is a Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV) and a member of the Provincial Council of Groningen from 2011 to 2023 and a member of the House of Representatives since the 2023 Dutch general election.

## Biography
### Early life and career

Ram was born in The Hague in 1974. He completed pre-university studies at the Rijnlands Lyceum in Wassenaar before studying for a degree in artificial intelligence at the University of Groningen. He then worked in the telecoms industry, including for VodafoneZiggo.

### Politics

Ram was a supporter of the Pim Fortuyn List before becoming active in the PVV in 2006 after being introduced to the party by Ton van Kesteren at a meeting. He was elected to the Provincial Council of Groningen in 2011 on behalf of the PVV and sat there until 2023. He is also a member of the council of the municipality of Groningen. For the 2023 Dutch general election, he was elected to the House of Representatives. In parliament, he focuses on matters related to foreign trade and development cooperation.

### House committee assignments

* Committee for Foreign Trade and Development
* Committee for Foreign Affairs
* Committee for Defence
* Committee for Asylum and Migration

## Electoral history

Electoral history of Dennis Ram :
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Result | Result | Ref. |
| Year | Body | Party | Party | Pos. | Votes | Party seats | Individual | Ref. |
| 2023 | House of Representatives | | Party for Freedom | 26 | 1,394 | 37 | Won | |
# Muhammad Mahfuzur Rahman (diplomat)

Muhammad Mahfuzur Rahman is a Bangladeshi diplomat and former ambassador of Bangladesh to Poland and Ukraine.

## Early life

Rahman completed his bachelor's degree in architecture from the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. He did his master's degree at Monash University in Foreign Affairs and International Trade.

## Career

Rahman joined the Bangladesh Foreign Service through the 13th batch of Bangladesh Civil Service. He served in the embassy of Bangladesh in Myanmar, the Embassy of Bangladesh in Kuwait, the High Commission of Bangladesh in Pakistan, and the Embassy of Bangladesh in Spain.
Rahman was the director general of the American Desk at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from September 2012 to June 2015.
On 25 December 2014, Rahman was appointed ambassador of Bangladesh to Poland. On 23 June 2015, he presented his credentials to President Bronislaw Komorowski of Poland. He concurrently served as the ambassador of Bangladesh to Ukraine. He urged Grzegorz Schetyna, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland to make it easier for Bangladeshi students to get study visas. In January 2019, he signed a memorandum of understanding with Jagiellonian University to establish the Bangabandhu Centre for Bangladesh Studies.
Rahman wrote for the Daily Sun that President Mohammed Shahabuddin should be forcefully removed from power for being appointed by the deposed Sheikh Hasina led Awami League government. He said "this clown (Mohammed Shahabuddin) should be removed".

## Personal life

Rahman is married to Shahnaj Parvin. They have three children.
# José Inagaki

José Inagaki (born 16 December 1965) is a Peruvian wrestler. He competed in the men's freestyle 62 kg at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Artem Kulishenko

Artem Ruslanovych Kulishenko (Ukrainian: Артем Русланович Кулішенко; born 15 April 1994) is a Ukrainian former professional football striker.
He is a product of FC Chornomorets Youth Sportive school. His first trainer was Vitaliy Hotsulyak. In March 2014 he signed one year on loan contract with Latvian football club Daugava Daugavpils.
# 2024 Open Saint-Brieuc – Doubles

Dan Added and Albano Olivetti were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Geoffrey Blancaneaux and Gabriel Debru won the title after Jakub Paul and Matěj Vocel were defaulted at 3–3 in the final.

## Seeds

* Ivan Sabanov / Matej Sabanov (quarterfinals)
* Jakub Paul / Matěj Vocel (final, defaulted)
* Anthony Genov / Bogdan Pavel (quarterfinals)
* Filip Duda / David Poljak (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | | 1 | I Sabanov M Sabanov | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| | Z Babić R Bertrand | 2 | 3 | | M Chazal H Naw | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | M Chazal H Naw | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | M Chazal H Naw | 3 | 3 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | G Blancaneaux G Debru | 6 | 6 | | | |
| | | | | 3 | Anthony Genov B Pavel | 3 | 6$^2$ | | | | | | | | |
| | G Blancaneaux G Debru | 7 | 6 | | G Blancaneaux G Debru | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | |
| | Liam Hignett James MacKinlay | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | G Blancaneaux G Debru | 3 |
| | C Chidekh L Sanchez | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | 2 | J Paul M Vocel | 3$^d$ |
| WC | G Barrère Victor Barrère | 3 | 5 | | C Chidekh L Sanchez | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | |
| | S Parker Dan Alexandru Tomescu | 4 | 1 | 4 | F Duda D Poljak | 2 | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Filip Duda David Poljak | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | C Chidekh L Sanchez | 5 | 4 | | | |
| WC | B Bonzi S Gueymard Wayenburg | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 2 | J Paul M Vocel | 7 | 6 | | | |
| | T Lamasine M Martineau | 3 | 4 | WC | B Bonzi S Gueymard Wayenburg | 4 | 7$^7$ | [7] | | | | | | | |
| | | | | 2 | J Paul Matěj Vocel | 6 | 6$^0$ | [10] | | | | | | | |
# Megerdich I of Cilicia

Megerdich I (? – died 1894), (Armenian: Մկրտիչ Ա. Քեֆսիզեան (Մարաշցի) ) was Catholicos of Cilicia of the Holy See of Cilicia of the Armenian Apostolic Church from 1871 to 1894.
After his death, the position of catholicos remained vacant for 8 years (1894-1902), until the election of Sahag II of Cilicia.
| Preceded byGiragos II of Cilicia | Catholicos of the Holy See of Cilicia 1871–1894 | Succeeded bySahag II of Cilicia |
* This article about an Armenian Apostolic patriarch or bishop is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This biographical article about an Armenian religious figure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Macarena Sans

Macarena Sans (born 20 November 1996) is an Argentine handball player for Mendoza de Regatas and the Argentina women's national handball team.
She defended Argentina at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark, and at the 2012 London Summer Olympics.

## Individual awards and achievements

* 2017 Pan American Women's Club Handball Championship – Best right back
# Jiří Bílek

Jiří Bílek (born 4 November 1983) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He is currently a member of Slavia Prague's board of directors, and serves as the club's sporting director.

## Playing career

Born in Prague, Bílek began his career at Sparta Prague before joining Chmel Blšany in 2003. He played in Blšany three years before being transferred to Slovan Liberec in 2006. On 7 January 2009, he signed a 3+1⁄2-year contract with 1. FC Kaiserslautern. He was suspended for unprofessional behaviour on 30 January 2009. He had trials with Championship side Ipswich Town, and will also spend time with Birmingham City. In January 2012, he transferred to Zagłębie Lubin.
After two years in Poland, he signed for Slavia Prague in July 2014. Despite having played as a defensive midfielder for most of his career, he moved into the centre back position in Slavia.

## Honours

Slovan Liberec
* Czech First League: 2005–06
Slavia Prague
* Czech First League: 2016–17
# Liu Shaoxian

Liu Shaoxian (Chinese: 刘绍先; July 1940 – 8 October 2009) was a Chinese politician of Yi ethnicity who served as governor of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 1983 to 1991 and party secretary from 1990 to 1995. He was a delegate to the 7th National People's Congress. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Liu was born in Mianning County, Sichuan, in July 1940, and graduated from Central University for Nationalities in 1966. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in November 1960, and entered the workforce in September 1966.
Liu worked in Muli Tibetan Autonomous County from May 1975 to April 1980. Starting in April 1980, he served in several posts in Yanyuan County, including deputy party secretary, party secretary, and chairman of its People's Congress. He was appointed deputy party secretary of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in August 1983, concurrently holding the governor position. He also served as party secretary, the top political position in the prefecture, from January 1990 to February 1995. In February 1995, he became vice chairman of the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a post he kept until 2006.
On 8 October 2009, he died in Chengdu, Sichuan, at the age of 69.
# 2024 Teréga Open Pau–Pyrénées

The 2024 Teréga Open Pau–Pyrénées was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Pau, France between 19 and 25 February 2024.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| AUT | Jurij Rodionov | 88 | 1 |
| FRA | Arthur Rinderknech | 89 | 2 |
| USA | Brandon Nakashima | 92 | 3 |
| FRA | Grégoire Barrère | 110 | 4 |
| FRA | Quentin Halys | 111 | 5 |
| FRA | Benoît Paire | 112 | 6 |
| FRA | Harold Mayot | 131 | 7 |
| BEL | David Goffin | 133 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 12 February 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Charlie Camus
* Kyle Edmund
* Lucas Pouille
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as special exempts:
* Clément Chidekh
* Matteo Martineau
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Altuğ Çelikbilek
* Egor Gerasimov
* Strong Kirchheimer
* Tristan Lamasine
* Hazem Naw
* James Trotter

## Champions
### Singles

* Otto Virtanen def. Leandro Riedi 7–5, 7–5.

### Doubles

* Christian Harrison / Brandon Nakashima def. Romain Arneodo / Sam Weissborn 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 6–4.
# Joseph Puthenpurackal

Fr.Joseph Puthenpurackal,(born 15 May1961), popularly known as Chiri achan or kappipodiyachan is an Indian Capuchin priest,Motivational speaker,counsellor, internet personality,author,professor and actor. His own punch dialogue "Koodumbol imbamullathu Kudumbam, koodathappol bhookambam" is very popular..

## Personal life

Joseph was born in a small village called Valiathovala in Idukki district.He has completed degrees in philosophy and law.Joseph, who loved storytelling, was active in politics in college.Seeing his popularity in college, his parents thought he had given up on his desire to attend a seminary. But there was no way he could ignore God's call. Joined the Capuchin Order in 1980. He completed his priestly studies at Caritas Capuchin Vidyabhavan,Kottayam. Ordained priest on 26th December 1993. He has served as a meditation guru in Thiruvananthapuram,Bharananganam and Uzhavoor.
# Xylopolia bella

Xylopolia bella is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in China, Korea, Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu; the Amami Islands), and Taiwan.
The wingspan is 38–45 mm.

## Subspecies

There are five subspecies:
* Xylopolia bella bella
* Xylopolia bella amamiensia (Kishida & Yoshimoto, 1980)
* Xylopolia bella koreana Kononenko & Ronkay, 1995
* Xylopolia bella taiwanicola Hreblay & Ronkay, 2000 – Taiwan
* Xylopolia bella bellaetani Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010 – China (Fujian, Jiangxi)
# Misch

Misch is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl E. Misch (1947–2017), American prosthodontist
* David Misch (born 1961), American serial killer
* Georg Misch (1878–1965), German philosopher
* Laura Misch (born 1953)
* Ludwig Misch (1887–1967), German musician and music journalist
* Marion Simon Misch (1869–1941)
* Pat Misch (born 1981)
* Rochus Misch (1917–2013), German Oberscharführer and bodyguard for Adolf Hitler
* Tom Misch, musician (born 1995)
# Fayard Nicholas

Fayard Antonio Nicholas (October 20, 1914 – January 24, 2006) was an American choreographer, dancer and actor. He and his younger brother Harold Nicholas made up the Nicholas Brothers tap dance duo, who starred in the MGM musicals An All-Colored Vaudeville Show (1935), Stormy Weather (1943), The Pirate (1948), and Hard Four (2007). The Nicholas brothers also starred in the 20th Century-Fox musicals Down Argentine Way (1940), Sun Valley Serenade (1941), and Orchestra Wives (1942).

## Early life

Nicholas was born in Alabama, but grew up primarily in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He learned to dance while watching vaudeville shows with his brother while their musician parents played in the orchestra. His father, Ulysses D. Nicholas, was a drummer and his mother, Viola Harden Nicholas, was a pianist.

## Career

In 1932, when he was 18 and his brother was only 11, they became the featured act at Cotton Club in New York City. The brothers earned fame with a unique style of rhythm tap that blended "masterful jazz steps with daredevil athletic moves and an elegance of motion worthy of ballet". They appeared in the Ziegfeld Follies on Broadway and in London they worked with jazz choreographer Buddy Bradley. The performances led them to a career in film. Nicholas appeared in over 60 films, including the 1943 musical Stormy Weather with their signature staircase dance.
His career was interrupted from 1943 to 1944 when he served in the U.S. Army during World War II. Nicholas achieved the rank of Technician fifth grade while in WWII.
After his dance career ended, Nicholas and his wife, Katherine Hopkins Nicholas, embarked on a lecture tour discussing dance. In 2003, Nicholas served as "Festival Legend" at the third "Soul to Sole Tap Festival" in Austin, Texas.
Nicholas was inducted into the National Museum of Dance C.V. Whitney Hall of Fame in 2001.

## Personal life

Fayard was married three times. He remained friends with his first wife, Geraldine Pate, after their divorce. His second wife was Barbara January, and they remained married until her death in 1998. He married dancer Katherine Hopkins in 2000. He was a member of the Baháʼí Faith. Fayard died of pneumonia following a stroke in 2006 at age 91. His widow Katherine died in 2012.
# Oskar Veldeman

Oskar Veldeman (or Veldemann; pseudonym O v e; 8 December 1912, Viljandi – 24 December 1942, Gorky Oblast) was an Estonian motorsport person, ski jumper and sport journalist.
In 1933, and 1936–1937 and 1940, he became 4-times Estonian champion in ski jumping. In 1938 he participated on World Championships in Lahti, Finland, but fell after the jumping.
He was also a motorsport racer. In 1933 and 1934 he became 2-times Estonian champion in hippodrome racing. 1934 and 1938 he won Tallinn Great Race (Estonian: Tallinna suursõit).
On 22 June 1940, following the Soviet occupation of Estonia, a demonstration against the occupation took place in Kadriorg, Tallinn. The participants of the demonstration elected a four-member delegation to deliver flowers to the President of the Republic, Konstantin Päts. Veldemann was among the delegation. Päts was not present at Kadriorg Palace and the flowers were handed over to General Aleksander Jaakson. Veldeman was arrested by the NKVD on 3 September 1940, on charges of belonging to an anti-Soviet organization. On 16 December 1941, Veldeman was sentenced to 10 years in prison by the Special Council of the NKVD on the basis of §58–10 of the Criminal Code. He died in the Sukhoy-Bezvodnaya prison camp in Gorky Oblast in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on 24 December 1942.
# Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis

Pseudocrossocheilus bamaensis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs, minnows and related fishes. This fish is endemic to China where it occurs in the Hongshui River, as well as its tributary the Beipanjiang River, in Guangxi and Guizhou. Here it is found in crevices and caves in rocks emerging in the morinings and evenings to feed in the Spring and Summer, remaining in its rock shleters during the winter. This fish has a maximum published total length of 21.5 cm (8.5 in)>
# Gunnar Hauk Gjengset

Gunnar Hauk Gjengset (born May 10, 1946) is a Norwegian philologist and author.
Gjengset was arrested in the Soviet Union in January 1970 for demonstrating against the Brezhnev regime. Gjengset had traveled to Leningrad in order to distribute leaflets supporting the release of author Yuri Galanskov and war hero Pyotr Grigorenko, both known dissidents. In the trial that followed, Gjengset was sentenced to one year of imprisonment, but was freed after one month of internment due to international pressure. He later wrote the book, Under jernteppet (Behind The Iron Curtain) about the experience.
Gjengset has a Ph.D. in comparative literature from Umeå University in Sweden, with a dissertation on the Sami author, Matti Aikio (Matti Aikio - verk og virke, Umeå 2011). Gjengset has written several books, including a biography of Gustav Vigeland.
He is also an aphorist with a daily column, Dagens sukk (Sigh of the Day) in the national Norwegian newspaper Klassekampen, under the pseudonym, Hauk, which is also a middle name. The column had earlier appeared in the Trondheim, Norway, newspaper Adresseavisen for more than 20 years.
In the book, Avoid the Void (2013), produced by the New York-based publisher, Morgan James Publishers, Gjengset discusses alcoholism.
Several of Gjengset's plays have been presented at Det Åpne Teater (The Open Theater) in Oslo. Together with Harald Gaski he has written Johan Turi, a play about the author, Johan Turi, who wrote the world's first fictional book in a Sámi language. This play was staged on Det Norske Teater in Oslo, and opened on the 6th of September 2017. In October 2019, the play will be part of Norway's official presentation as guest of honor at this year's international book fair in Frankfurt, Germany.
# Intracellular digestion

Every organism requires energy to be active. However, to obtain energy from its outside environment, cells must not only retrieve molecules from their surroundings but also break them down. This process is known as intracellular digestion. In its broadest sense, intracellular digestion is the breakdown of substances within the cytoplasm of a cell. In detail, a phagocyte's duty is obtaining food particles and digesting it in a vacuole. For example, following phagocytosis, the ingested particle (or phagosome) fuses with a lysosome containing hydrolytic enzymes to form a phagolysosome; the pathogens or food particles within the phagosome are then digested by the lysosome's enzymes.
Intracellular digestion can also refer to the process in which animals that lack a digestive tract bring food items into the cell for the purposes of digestion for nutritional needs. This kind of intracellular digestion occurs in many unicellular protozoans, in Pycnogonida, in some molluscs, Cnidaria and Porifera. There is another type of digestion, called extracellular digestion. In amphioxus, digestion is both extracellular and intracellular.

## Function

Intracellular digestion is divided into heterophagic digestion and autophagic digestion. These two types take place in the lysosome and they both have very specific functions. Heterophagic intracellular digestion has an important job which is to break down all molecules that are brought into a cell by endocytosis. The degraded molecules need to be delivered to the cytoplasm; however, this will not be possible if the molecules are not hydrolyzed in the lysosome. Autophagic intracellular digestion is processed in the cell, which means it digests the internal molecules.

## Autophagy

Generally, autophagy includes three small branches, which are macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy.

## Occurrence

Most organisms that use intracellular digestion belong to Kingdom Protista, such as amoeba and paramecium.
Amoeba
Amoeba uses pseudopodia to capture food for nutrition in a process called phagocytosis.
Paramecium
Paramecium uses cilia in the oral groove to bring food into the mouth pore which goes to the gullet. At the end of the gullet, a food vacuole forms. Undigested food is carried to the anal pore.
Euglena
Euglena is photosynthetic but also engulfs and digests microorganisms.
# Arnold Susi

Arnold Susi (Estonian:; 4 January 1896 – 29 May 1968) was a lawyer and the Minister of Education in the Estonian government of Otto Tief established on 18 September 1944 during WWII.
In 1945, Susi befriended Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in a Soviet prison. In the 1960s, when writing The Gulag Archipelago Solzhenitsyn hid at Susi's country house in Estonia. Solzhenitsyn also briefly describes his meeting with Arnold Susi in that book. Susi also wrote his memoirs of World War I in Doom of the Russian Empire (in Estonian: Vene impeeriumi hukk), which he wrote while in Abakan. He died in Tallinn, aged 72.
In 2019, the Estonian Ministry of Justice created the Heli and Arnold Susi Mission Award for the Courage to Speak Out, which recognizes individuals who have dared to use the power of their words to stand up for democratic values and human rights.
# Cul de Sac (band)

Cul de Sac were a rock group formed in 1990 in Boston, Massachusetts, and led by guitarist Glenn Jones. Their music is primarily instrumental. Jones and keyboardist Robin Amos have been the only constant members.
They have been classified by some as post rock, but Jones has expressed some discomfort with the term. He states that Cul de Sac is the most "musically satisfying" group he's been involved with; a group that is the "closest to being the band I'd dreamed of forming. It allows me to combine my love of open-tuned guitar, played fingerstyle, with my love for electronics and noise, all placed within a rhythmic rock framework." Jones occasionally plays "The Contraption," a prepared lap steel guitar.
Cul de Sac performed at North East Sticks Together in 2006. They have collaborated with guitarist John Fahey and with Can singer Damo Suzuki.
The band has been inactive since 2009.
Glenn Jones has also recorded five solo albums, This Is the Wind That Blows It Out (2004), Against Which the Sea Continually Beats (2007), Barbecue Bob in Fishtown (2009), The Wanting (2011), and My Garden State (2013).

## Discography

* ECIM (1991)
* I Don't Want to Go to Bed (1995)
* China Gate (1996)
* The Epiphany of Glenn Jones (1997) - with John Fahey
* Crashes to Light, Minutes to Its Fall (1999)
* Immortality Lessons (2002) - live
* Death of the Sun (2003)
* The Strangler's Wife (2003)
* Abhayamudra (2004) - live - with Damo Suzuki
# Omar Al-Safadi

Omar Al-Safadi (born 4 September 1994) is a Qatari handball player for Al-Rayan and the Qatari national team.
He participated at the 2017 World Men's Handball Championship.