# Timeline of Frankfurt

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

## Prior to 19th century

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* pre 475 CE – Roman town Nida was the capital of Civitas Taunensium and one of important fortresses near the Limes Germanicus
* 843 CE – City becomes capital of East Francia.
* 1180 – Staufenmauer built.
* 1241 – Judenschlacht – First of two pogroms of Jews in the city.
* 1333 – City expands.
* 1349 – Judenschlacht.
* 1360 – Schützenverein Frankfurt-Höchst (militia) formed.
* 1370 – Public clock installed (approximate date).
* 1372
** Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of Holy Roman Empire.
** City buys forest from Charles IV.
* 1405 – Römer converted into city hall.
* 1428 – Eschenheimer Turm built.
* 1462 – Frankfurter Judengasse established.
* 1493 – Passion play begins.
* 1531 – Printing press in operation.
* 1581 – Rumpolt's cookbook published.
* 1585 – Bourse established.
* 1648 – Peace of Westphalia confirms Frankfurt as an Imperial Free City.
* 1681 – St. Catherine's Church built.
* 1719 – Fire.
* 1739 – Palais Thurn und Taxis built.
* 1742 – The Palais Barckhaus at Zeil in Frankfurt serves as residence of Emperor Charles VII until 1744
* 1748 – Gebrüder Bethmann formed.
* 1750 – Mainzer Landstraße built.
* 1759 – January: City occupied by French.
* 1774 – Botanical garden laid out.
* 1790 – 9 October: Coronation of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1792 – City occupied by French.

## 19th century

* 1806
** City occupied by French.
** City becomes Principality of Frankfurt, under Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg.
* 1808 – Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (orchestra) established.
* 1810 – City becomes part of Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.
* 1812 – City refortified.
* 1815 – Städel founded.
* 1816 – Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of German Confederation.
* 1817 – Population: 41,458
* 1829 – Frankfurter Kunstverein founded.
* 1833
** Frankfurter Wachensturm.
** Paulskirche built.
* 1839 – Taunus Railway begins operating.
* 1840 – Population: 55,269
* 1843 – Alte Börse (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (stock exchange) built.
* 1846 – International Penitentiary Congress held in Frankfurt.
* 1848
** September: "Uprising."
** Frankfurt Assembly formed.
* 1849 – Constitution of the German Empire proclaimed by Frankfurt Parliament.
* 1856 – Frankfurter Zeitung begins publication.
* 1858 – Frankfurt Zoological Garden founded.
* 1859 – Frankfurt City Link Line begins operating.
* 1861 – Population: 71,462.
* 1863 – Federation of German Workers Associations [de] founded in Frankfurt.
* 1864 – Population: 77,372
* 1866 – City becomes part of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia.
* 1867 – Frankfurt Cathedral rebuilt.
* 1868 – Eiserner Steg (bridge) built.
* 1871
** Treaty of Frankfurt signed.
** Palmengarten opens.
* 1872 – Trams begin operating.
* 1875 – Population: 103,136.
* 1878 – Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium – Musikakademie founded.
* 1879 – Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt [de] (market) opens.
* 1880 – Alte Oper inaugurated.
* 1881 – Metallgesellschaft founded.
* 1886 – Frankfurter Friedensverein (peace group) organized.
* 1890 – Population: 179,985
* 1895
** Bockenheim becomes part of city.
** Stempel Type Foundry established.
** Population: 229,279.
* 1897 – Frankfurt Motor Show begins.

## 20th century
### 1900s–1940s

* 1904 – Museum der Weltkulturen founded.
* 1905 – Population: 334,978.
* 1907
** May: City hosts the 1907 World Weightlifting Championships and 1907 World Wrestling Championships.
* 1909
** Städtische Galerie Liebieghaus established.
** Festhalle built.
* 1914 – University of Frankfurt established.
* 1919 – Population: 433,002.
* 1923 – Institute for Social Research founded.
* 1925 – Husarendenkmal (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (monument) installed.
* 1926 – Alte Brücke (Frankfurt) (bridge) rebuilt.
* 1928
** Höchst becomes part of city.
** Großmarkthalle built.
** Polish Consulate relocated from Cologne to Frankfurt.
** Population: 551,200.
* 1929
** Frankfurt Radio Symphony formed.
** Holy Cross Church built.
* 1930 – IG Farben Building constructed.
* 1931 – Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion opens.
* 1934 – Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer established.
* 1936
** Frankfurt Airport opens.
** Grüneburgpark opens.
* 1937 – Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos).
* 1938 – Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts founded.
* 1942
** Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people dissolved.
** February: Forced labour camp established in the Heddernheim district.
* 1944 – Bombing begins.
* 1945
** 18 March: Forced labour camp in Heddernheim dissolved. Prisoners deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp.
** 26–29 March: Battle of Frankfurt
** July: American zone of Allied-occupied Germany headquartered in Frankfurt.
** Frankfurter Rundschau begins publication.
* 1946 – Eschwege displaced persons camp set up.
* 1948
** Hessischer Rundfunk begins broadcasting.
** Bank deutscher Länder headquartered in Frankfurt.
* 1949
** Frankfurt Book Fair resumes.
** Deutsches Institut für Filmkunde founded.
** Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.

### 1950s–1990s

* 1951 – Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt built.
* 1953 – Population: 600,579.
* 1954 – Goethe House opens.
* 1955 – Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport opens.
* 1957 – Deutsche Bundesbank headquartered in Frankfurt.
* 1958
** Noor Mosque built.
** Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt and Cinema Kino open.
* 1959 – Justizvollzugsanstalt Frankfurt am Main IV [de] (prison) begins operating.
* 1960
** Sigmund-Freud-Institut [de] founded.
** City twinned with Lyon, France.
* 1963 – Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials begin.
* 1966 – City twinned with Birmingham, United Kingdom.
* 1967 – City twinned with Deuil-La Barre, France.
* 1968 – Frankfurt U-Bahn begins operating.
* 1970
** Peace Research Institute Frankfurt and Frankfurter Autoren Theater [de] founded.
** City twinned with Milan, Italy.
* 1974 – City-Haus built.
* 1978
** Rhine-Main S-Bahn begins operating.
** Historic Railway museum founded.
* 1979
** Europaturm built.
** Titanic magazine begins publication.
** City twinned with Cairo, Egypt.
* 1980 – City twinned with Tel Aviv, Israel.
* 1981
** Frankfurt Marathon begins.
** Museum für Moderne Kunst founded.
* 1984 – German Architecture Museum opens.
* 1987 – Neues Theater Höchst [de] founded.
* 1988 – City twinned with Guangzhou, China.
* 1989
** City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).
** City twinned with Toronto, Canada.
* 1990
** May: City hosts the 1990 European Judo Championships.
** City twinned with Budapest, Hungary, and Prague, Czech Republic.
* 1991
** Andreas von Schoeler becomes mayor.
** City twinned with Granada, Nicaragua, Kraków, Poland, and Leipzig.
* 1992 – Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (Institute for City History) established.
* 1993
** Westendstrasse 1 built.
** Deutsche Börse headquartered in Frankfurt.
* 1994 – European Monetary Institute headquartered in Frankfurt.
* 1995
** Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange founded.
** Petra Roth becomes mayor.
* 1996 – City website online (approximate date).
* 1998 – European Central Bank headquartered in Frankfurt.
* 1999 – Main Tower built.
* 2000
** Museum Giersch opens.
** Population: 646,550.

## 21st century

* 2001 – Cinestar [de] Metropolis (movie theatre) in business.
* 2002 – Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
* 2003
** Bikeshare program launched.
** Adorno-Denkmal [de] (monument) installed.
* 2005
** Wikimania conference held in city.
* 2007
** Holy Cross - Centre for Christian Meditation and Spirituality of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg in the Holy Cross Church in Bornheim founded.
** City twinned with Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
* 2009 – Zeil renovated.
* 2011
** June–July: City co-hosts the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.
** City twinned with Yokohama, Japan.
* 2012
** Peter Feldmann becomes mayor.
* 2013 – City twinned with Eskişehir, Turkey.
* 2014 – Population: 714,241.
* 2015
** Economic unrest.
** City twinned with Philadelphia, United States.