OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michał Śliwiński

Michał Śliwiński (Mykhaylo Slyvynsky Ukrainian: Михайло Сливинський; born February 5, 1970, in Dobrotvir, Ukrainian SSR) is a Soviet/Ukrainian/Polish sprint canoer, who has won six world championship titles over his long career.
An ethnic Pole from Ukraine, Śliwiński represented the USSR at the 1988 Olympics, winning the Canadian canoe C-1 500 m silver medal at the age of only eighteen.
Over the next three years he dominated the event, winning consecutive world championship gold medals in 1989, 1990 and 1991. However, in the 1992 Olympics he had to settle for another silver medal behind Nikolay Bukhalov of Bulgaria.
The break-up of the Soviet Union affected Śliwiński's career greatly as the newly independent Ukraine did not win any world championship gold medals during the 1990s. Śliwiński, now specialising in the short sprint 200 m races, was still regarded as a top competitor at international events but he endured a frustrating sequence of four world championship bronze medals. With no 200 m races included in the Olympics he competed in the C-1 500 m at Atlanta 1996, finishing just outside the medals in fourth place.
In 2001 he accepted an invitation to switch to representing Poland, a decision which dramatically revived his career. Although in his thirties he went on to win three more world titles. With partner Marcin Kobierski he became C-2 1000 m champion in 2001 in Poznań, Poland. In 2002 they retained their crown in Seville.
Śliwiński's build-up to the Athens Olympics was beset with problems, not of his own making. In 2003 his partner Kobierski tested positive in a drugs test as did his most obvious left-handed replacement Michał Gajownik. Both were given two-year bans, ruling them out of the Olympics.
After much debate young hopeful Łukasz Woszczyński was chosen to partner Śliwiński. At their first major competition together they finished in fourth place at the 2003 World Championships in Gainesville, Georgia, United States (where the 1996 Olympic canoeing events took place on Lake Lanier.). In 2004 they became C-2 1000 m European champions in front of their home crowd in Poznań. At the Athens Olympics they finished seventh in the C-2 1000 m final, the exhausted Woszczynski collapsing at the end of the race.
The partnership was retained for the 2005 season. They took the C-2 500 m silver medal at the European championships in July but Woszczynski was then injured and unable to take part in the World Championships in Zagreb. It seemed as if Śliwiński would be left without a boat. However, when a member of Poland's four-man (C-4) 1000 m crew, Arkadiusz Tonski, also had to pull out injured, Śliwiński was called up as a last-minute replacement. The Polish four, ironically including the now rehabitated Gajownik, edged out the Romanian crew to take the gold medal. For the thirty-five-year-old Śliwiński it was the first C-4 gold of his long career.
Śliwiński is a member of the Spojnia Warsaw club. He is 177 cm (5'10") tall and weighs 89 kg (196 lbs).
# Mieczysław Wiśniewski

Mieczysław Wiśniewski (23 November 1892 – 10 October 1952) was a Polish footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Olgierd Stański

Olgierd Stański (born 4 April 1973) is a Polish athlete. He competed in the men's discus throw at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Paweł Szymczak

Paweł Szymczak (born 8 August 1978) is a Polish archer. He competed in the men's individual event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Lachmann's law

Lachmann's law is a somewhat disputed phonological sound law for Latin named after German Indo-Europeanist Karl Lachmann who first formulated it in 1850. According to it, vowels in Latin lengthen before Proto-Indo-European voiced stops which are followed by another (unvoiced) stop.

## Examples

* PIE *h₂eǵtos 'led' > āctus (cf. short vowel in Ancient Greek ágō)
* PIE *ph₂gtos 'fortified' > pāctus (cf. short vowel in Sanskrit pajrás)
* PIE *tegtos 'covered' > tēctus (cf. short vowel in Ancient Greek stégō)

## Explanations

According to Paul Kiparsky, Lachmann's law is an example of a sound law that affects deep phonological structure, not the surface result of phonological rules. In Proto-Indo-European, a voiced stop was already pronounced as voiceless before voiceless stops, as the assimilation by voicedness must have been operational in PIE (*h₂eǵtos → *h₂eḱtos 'forced, made'). Lachmann's law, however, did not act upon the result of the assimilation, but on the deep structure *h₂eǵtos > *agtos > āctus.
Jay Jasanoff defends the Neogrammarian analysis of Lachmann's law as analogy followed by sound change. (*aktos ⇒ *agtos > *āgtos > āctus). Although this formulation ultimately derives from Ferdinand de Saussure, Jasanoff's formulation also explains problems such as:
* magism̥os > *magsomos > māximus /māksimus/
* aksī- ⇒ *agsī- > āxī- /āksī-/
* pōds > *pōs(s) ⇒ *ped-s > *pēts > pēs(s)
Because Lachmann's law also does not operate before PIE voiced aspirate stops, glottalic theory reinterprets the law as reflecting lengthening before glottalized stops, not voiced stops.
# Robert Mieszała

Robert Mieszała (born 17 September 1973) is a Polish luger. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
# Stanisław Cikowski

Stanisław Kazimierz Cikowski (14 February 1899 – 2 December 1959) was a Polish footballer who played as a midfielder.
He competed in the men's tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

## Honours

Cracovia
* Polish Football Championship: 1921
# Tadeusz Chudzyński

Tadeusz Chudzyński is a paralympic athlete from Poland competing mainly in category T20 1500m events.
Tadeusz competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia there he competed in the 1500m for intellectually disabled athletes winning the bronze medal.
# Władysław Kuncewicz

Władysław Kuncewicz (born 23 October 1888) was a Polish swimmer. He competed in the men's 100 metre freestyle event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Zdzisław Styczeń

Zdzisław Witold Styczeń (16 October 1894 – 20 December 1978) was a Polish footballer who played as a midfielder for Kraków-based clubs, Robotniczy KS, Cracovia and Wisła.
He played in the first game of the Poland national team. Styczeń was also a part of the squad that participated in the 1924 Summer Olympics.

## Honours

Cracovia
* Ekstraklasa: 1921
# Nyctemera calcicola

Nyctemera calcicola is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1988. It is found on Borneo. The habitat consists of upper montane forest on limestone.
The length of the forewings is 23–25 mm and the forewings are black.
The larvae possibly feed on Senecio species.
# Alexandru Berlescu

Alexandru Berlescu (born 22 July 1894, date of death unknown) was a Romanian bobsledder. He competed in the four-man event at the 1928 Winter Olympics.
# Alexandru Ciupe

Alexandru Ciupe (born 18 March 1972) is a Romanian judoka. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Antonel Borșan

Antonel Borșan (born 29 April 1970 in Liești, Galați County) is a Romanian sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1990s. He won an Olympic silver medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the C-2 1000 m event with Marcel Glăvan.
Borșan also won seven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (C-4 1000 m: 1995, 1997) and five silvers (C-2 1000 m: 1995, C-4 500 m: 1994, 1995, 1997; C-4 1000 m: 1994).
# Kalwaria Zebrzydowska Lanckorona railway station

Kalwaria Zebrzydowska Lanckorona railway station is a railway station in the town of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Skawina–Żywiec railway and Kalwaria Zebrzydowska–Bielsko-Biała railway. The train services are operated by PKP and Przewozy Regionalne.
The name Kalwaria Zebrzydowska Lanckorona is the longest name of a rail station in Poland.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
* Intercity services (IC) Warsaw - Kraków - Zakopane
* Intercity services (IC) Gdynia - Gdańsk - Bydgoszcz - Łódź - Czestochowa — Krakow — Zakopane
* Intercity services (IC) Bydgoszcz - Poznań - Leszno - Wrocław - Opole - Rybnik - Bielsko-Biała - Zakopane
* Intercity services (IC) Szczecin - Białogard - Szczecinek - Piła - Poznań - Ostrów Wielkopolski - Katowice - Zakopane
* Intercity services (TLK) Gdynia Główna — Zakopane
* Regional services (PR) Zakopane - Nowy Targ - Chabówka - Skawina - Kraków Płaszów
* Regional services (PR) Zakopane - Nowy Targ - Chabówka - Skawina - Kraków Główny
* Regional services (PR) Sucha Beskidzka - Kalwaria Zebrzydowska Lanckorona
* Regional services (PR) Sucha Beskidzka - Kalwaria Zebrzydowska Lanckorona - Kraków Główny
* Regional service (PR) Bielsko-Biała Główna — Wadowice - Kraków Główny
| Preceding station | PKP Intercity | PKP Intercity | PKP Intercity | Following station |
| Kraków Głównytowards Warszawa Wschodnia | | IC | | Maków Podhalańskitowards Zakopane |
| Kraków Głównytowards Gdynia Główna | | IC | | Maków Podhalańskitowards Zakopane |
| Katowicetowards Szczecin Główny | | IC | | Maków Podhalańskitowards Zakopane |
| Kraków Głównytowards Gdynia Główna | | TLK | | Maków Podhalańskitowards Zakopane |
| Preceding station | Polregio | Polregio | Polregio | Following station |
| Przytkowicetowards Kraków Płaszów or Kraków Główny | | PR | | Stronietowards Zakopane |
| Terminus | | PR | | Stronietowards Sucha Beskidzka |
| Przytkowicetowards Kraków Główny | | PR | | Stronietowards Sucha Beskidzka |
| Kalwaria Zebrzydowskatowards Bielsko-Biała Główna | | PR | | Przytkowicetowards Kraków Główny |
# Kosare language

Kosadle (Kosare) is a Papuan language of West Papua.
# 1997 Dutch Figure Skating Championships

The 1997 Dutch Figure Skating Championships took place between 3 and 5 January 1997 in Groningen. Skaters competed in the disciplines of men's singles and ladies' singles.

## Senior results
### Men

| Rank | Name |
| 1 | Marcus Deen |
| 2 | Thomas Hopman |
| WD | Alcuin Schulten |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name |
| 1 | Selma Duyn |
| 2 | Georgina de Wit |
| 3 | Jessica Lim |
| 4 | Marion Krijgsman |
| 5 | Haya Leenards |
| 6 | Sibel Ertekin |
| 7 | Sylvana Herrero |
| 8 | Kim Rolloos |
| 9 | Mariska Strik |
| WD | Mirella Briet |
| WD | Katja Kossmayer |
| WD | Debby Roem |
| WD | Jeltje Schulten |
# Order of precedence in Romania

The order of precedence in Romania is a symbolic hierarchy of officials in Romania used to direct protocol. It is written in Article 98 of the Romanian Constitution.
* President (Klaus Iohannis)
* President of the Senate (Ilie Bolojan)
* President of the Chamber of Deputies (Ciprian-Constantin Șerban)
* Prime Minister (Marcel Ciolacu)
The two presidents of the Houses of Parliament are seconded by their vice-presidents.
During the time the President of the Senate, or the President of the Chamber of Deputies if that case appears, holds ad interim the office of President, it is customary for one of the Vice-presidents of the respective House of Parliament to perform the duties of the President of that house. This does not mean that the Vice-president holds the office interim, as the seat is not vacant. Such "acting" Vice-president was for the Senate Doru Ioan Tărăcilă in April - May 2007, and Petru Filip in July - August 2012.
# George Freeling

George Hamilton Freeling (9 February 1831 - 6 June 1861) was a British civil servant of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and collector at Bulandshahr, India. He was succeeded by William Lowe.
Freeling collected a large number of ancient coins found at Bulandshahr. He was a recipient of an Indian Mutiny Medal.

## Early life and family

George Freeling was born in London on 9 February 1831 to George Henry and Jane Freeling. He was christened on 15 March 1831 at St Botolph's, Aldersgate, London.

## Career

Freeling was a civil servant of the Indian Civil Service (ICS), who took over from Charles Currie as collector at Bulandshahr. He was subsequently succeeded by William Lowe. He collected a large number of ancient coins found at Bulandshahr. He was previously magistrate, collector and deputy commissioner at Hamirpur during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

## Awards and honours

He was a recipient of an Indian Mutiny Medal.

## Death

Freeling died at Ambala on 6 June 1861. Probate was granted in England in December 1868 to Edith Anna Freeling.

## Selected publications

* Narrative of Events Connected with the Mutiny at Humeerpore (1858).
# Tritonia fimbriata

Tritonia fimbriata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.
# Le Crêt-du-Locle railway station

Le Crêt-du-Locle railway station (French: Gare du Crêt-du-Locle) is a railway station in the municipality of La Chaux-de-Fonds, in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Neuchâtel–Le Locle-Col-des-Roches line of Swiss Federal Railways.

## Services

As of the December 2024 timetable change, the following services stop at Le Crêt-du-Locle:
* Regio: two trains per hour to Le Locle and La Chaux-de-Fonds and one train per hour to Neuchâtel.
* TER: infrequent service from La Chaux-de-Fonds to Morteau or Besançon-Viotte.
# Tritonia irrorata

Tritonia irrorata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.
# Derailment (thought disorder)

In psychiatry, derailment (aka loosening of association, asyndesis, asyndetic thinking, knight's move thinking, entgleisen, disorganised thinking) categorises any speech comprising sequences of unrelated or barely related ideas; the topic often changes from one sentence to another.
In a mild manifestation, this thought disorder is characterized by slippage of ideas further and further from the point of a discussion. Derailment can often be manifestly caused by intense emotions such as euphoria or hysteria. Some of the synonyms given above (loosening of association, asyndetic thinking) are used by some authors to refer just to a loss of goal: discourse that sets off on a particular idea, wanders off and never returns to it. A related term is tangentiality—it refers to off-the-point, oblique or irrelevant answers given to questions. In some studies on creativity, knight's move thinking—while describing a similarly loose association of ideas—is not considered a mental disorder or the hallmark of one; it is sometimes used as a synonym for lateral thinking.

## Examples

* "The next day when I'd be going out you know, I took control, like uh, I put bleach on my hair in California."—given by Nancy C. Andreasen
* "I think someone's infiltrated my copies of the cases. We've got to case the joint. I don't believe in joints, but they do hold your body together."—given by Elyn Saks.

## History

Entgleisen (derailment in German) was first used with this meaning by Carl Schneider in 1930. The term asyndesis was introduced by N. Cameron in 1938, while loosening of association was introduced by A. Bleuler in 1950. The phrase knight's move thinking was first used in the context of pathological thinking by the psychologist Peter McKellar in 1957, who hypothesized that individuals with schizophrenia fail to suppress divergent associations. Derailment was used with this meaning by Kurt Schneider in 1959.
# Mentuhotep (queen)

Mentuhotep was an ancient Egyptian queen of the Second Intermediate Period, wife of pharaoh Djehuti. Her main title was Great Royal Wife. Another title was Khenemetneferhedjet (she who is united with the white crown).

## Family

She was the daughter of the vizier Senebhenaf and of a woman called Sobekhotep. Thus, she was of non-royal origin either she married a king or her husband became a king.

## Attestations

Queen Mentuhotep is known from parts of her burial equipment found between 1822 and 1825 near Thebes at Dra' Abu el-Naga' by the Italian excavator Giuseppe Passalacqua.

### Coffin

The Coffin of Mentuhotep is now lost. Around 1832 John Gardner Wilkinson copied inscriptions of a coffin naming a queen with the same name. On the coffin it is stated that she was the daughter of the vizier Senebhenaf and of a woman called Sobekhotep. The inside of the coffin was decorated with different spells, many of them belong to the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Her coffin is one of the earliest sources for this funerary composition. It is not fully clear whether the coffin and the canopic chest were found in the same tomb. Giuseppe Passalacqua described the tomb and mentions an anthropoid coffin richly decorated with figures of deities. However, the coffin copied by Wilkinson is rectangular and not decorated with figures of gods. Therefore, Herbert E. Winlock, looking at the evidence concluded that there were two queens with the name Mentuhotep. One was the wife of king Djehuti, the other one is known from her coffin.

### Canopic Chest with Cosmetic Boxes

Passalacqua found a canopic chest with cosmetic boxes. The objects were later sold to Berlin. With the cosmetic box were found some other objects, including several alabaster vessels. However, these vessels belong according to their type to the 25th Dynasty.
The canopic chest was given to queen Mentuhotep by king Djehuti, as indicated in a dedication inscribed on the box. The original canopic chest is inscribed for the king. Inside of it were found two cosmetic boxes, made of wood and papyrus. Inside the box were found alabaster vessels and a cosmetic spoon.
# Ram-On

Ram-On (Hebrew: רָם אוֹן) is a moshav ovdim in northern Israel. Located in the Ta'anakh region, south of the Jezreel Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gilboa Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 957.

## History

Ram-On was founded in 1953 by children of families from moshavim around Israel. They originally settled in Nurit on the Gilboa mountain, but in 1961 the community moved from Gilboa mountain to the present-day location of Ram-On. The moshav is named after Ram On Paldi, one of the founders of the community, who was killed in battle near Kerem Shalom in 1957.

## Economy

There is a factory in the moshav that manufactures thermoplastic materials.
# Ibn al-Khashshab

Abu'l-Faḍl (Abu'l-Hasan) ibn al-Khashshab (Arabic: أبوالفضل (أبوالحسن) بن الخشاب; died 1125) was the qadi and rais of Aleppo during the rule of the Seljuk emir Ridwan.
His family, the Banu'l-Khashshab, were wealthy wood-merchants in the city. Upon the arrival of the First Crusade, Ibn al-Khashshab was one of the first to preach jihad against the Crusaders, a concept which became more popular throughout the 12th century. His preaching was popular among the masses, but Ridwan, along with his Assassin advisors, were not willing to wage battle against the newly formed Crusader states. Aleppo was continually threatened by the Crusaders and eventually Ridwan was humiliated by Tancred of Antioch, forced to place crosses on the minarets of some of the mosques in the city including the Great Mosque of Aleppo.
Ibn al-Khashshab had sought help from the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad, al-Mustazhir, but each time his requests were ignored; finally, in 1111, he travelled to Baghdad to seek help from the caliph in person. He instigated a riot and destroyed the pulpit of the minbar in the private mosques of the Seljuk sultan Muhammad I Tapar and the Abbasid caliph. In response, the sultan ordered Mawdud, the atabeg of Mosul, to come to Aleppo's aid, and Ibn al-Khashshab returned home. However, Ridwan did not want Mawdud interfering in his affairs, and had Ibn al-Khashshab imprisoned; Mawdud and Ridwan were unable to cooperate and Mawdud returned to Mosul.
When Ridwan died in 1113, Ibn al-Khashshab governed the city in place of weak or child emirs. He helped rid the city of the Assassins, including their leader Abu Tahir al-Sa'igh, by expulsion or execution. When the Crusaders threatened the city of Aleppo again in 1119, Ibn al-Khashshab negotiated an alliance with Ilghazi of the Artuqid dynasty in northern Mesopotamia, and the Principality of Antioch was defeated at the Battle of Ager Sanguinis that year. Ibn al-Khashshab personally led Aleppan troops in the battle.
The crusaders besieged Aleppo in 1124, and when they desecrated the Mashhad al-Muhassin outside the city, Ibn al-Khashshab ordered that four of the six Christian churches in the city, including the sixth-century Syrian cathedral, be converted into mosques. The besiegers, led by Baldwin II of Jerusalem and Joscelin I of Edessa, were allied with the Muslim Dubais ibn Sadaqa of the Banu Mazyad, whom Ibn al-Khashshab publicly denounced. The siege was eventually raised with help from Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, atabeg of Mosul, in 1125. Later that year, following massacres of Nizaris by Ibn al-Khashshab, he was murdered by Assassins. The next year Aleppo fell under the control of Zengi, who began to implement the jihad that ibn al-Khashshab had so fervently preached and Zengi not only repelled the attempts by the Crusaders to capture Aleppo but he went on the offensive against the Crusaders.
# Organophosphinic acid

An organophosphinic acid is an organophosphorus compound with the formula R$_{2−n}$H$_n$PO$_2$H (R = alkyl, aryl). One or both P-H bonds in the parent hypophosphorous acid (aka phosphinic acid) are replaced by organic groups. The Cyanex family of dialkylphosphinic acids are used in hydrometallurgy to extract metals from ores.

## Monoalkylphosphinic acids

Monoalkylphosphinic acids have the formula OP(OH)(H)R, with the simplest example being methylphosphinic acid.
Phosphinic acid adds to Michael acceptors, for example with acrylamide it gives H(HO)P(O)CH$_2$CH$_2$C(O)NH$_2$.

## Dialkylphosphinic acids

Dialkylphosphinic acids have the formula R$_2$PO$_2$H, where R is an alkyl or aryl group. The phosphorus(V) center has tetrahedral molecular geometry. Under the brand names Aerophine and Cyanex, dialkylphosphinic acids are used in extraction and separation of metals as one of the techniques of hydrometallurgy Characteristically the organic substituents are branched to confer solubility and preclude crystallization.
Formaldehyde and H$_3$PO$_2$ react to give (HOCH$_2$)$_2$PO$_2$H.

## Related compounds

The dithiodialkyphosphinic acids (R$_2$PS$_2$H) are related to the diorganodithiophosphates with the formula (RO)$_2$PS$_2$H, which are also used as complexing agents in the purification of metals. The phosphates are more prone to hydrolysis owing to the greater lability of the RO-P linkage vs the direct C-P bond.
# Cristian Leric

Cristian Leric (born 27 June 1974 in Arad, Romania) is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast whose best event was the vault. He is a world bronze medalist with the team and a two-time continental medalist on vault. After retirement he performed in the Aeros entertainment show.