# Manihot

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.
Species of Manihot are monoecious trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay. The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).
Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

## Species

* Manihot acuminatissima Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia
* Manihot aesculifolia (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
* Manihot alutacea D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
* Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
* Manihot anisophylla (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
* Manihot anomala Pohl – South America
* Manihot attenuata Müll.Arg. - Goiás
* Manihot auriculata McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit
* Manihot baccata Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
* Manihot boliviana Pax & K.Hoffm. - Bolivia
* Manihot brachyandra Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
* Manihot brachyloba Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
* Manihot brachystachys Pax & K.Hoffm. - Brazil
* Manihot brasiliana Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil
* Manihot breviloba – Sergipe
* Manihot caerulescens Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
* Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
* Manihot catingae Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais
* Manihot caudata Greenm. – N Mexico
* Manihot cecropiifolia – Goiás, Distrito Federal
* Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
* Manihot compositifolia Allem – Bahia
* Manihot condensata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
* Manihot congesta Mendoza et al. - Goiás, Brazil
* Manihot corymbiflora Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro
* Manihot crassisepala Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
* Manihot crotalariiformis Pohl – Minas Gerais
* Manihot davisiae Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
* Manihot diamantinensis Allem – Bahia
* Manihot dichotoma Ule – NE Brazil
* Manihot divergens Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
* Manihot epruinosa Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
* Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
* Manihot falcata D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal
* Manihot filamentosa Pittier – NW Venezuela
* Manihot flemingiana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
* Manihot foetida (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
* Manihot fortalezensis Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará
* Manihot fruticulosa (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
* Manihot gabrielensis Allem – Goiás
* Manihot gracilis Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
* Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
* Manihot guaranitica Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
* Manihot handroana Cruz – Minas Gerais
* Manihot hassleriana – Paraguay
* Manihot heptaphylla Ule – Bahia
* Manihot hilariana Baill. – Minas Gerais
* Manihot hunzikeriana Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
* Manihot incisa - Goiás, Brazil
* Manihot inflata Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
* Manihot irwinii D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
* Manihot jacobinensis Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia
* Manihot janiphoides Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
* Manihot jolyana Cruz – São Paulo
* Manihot leptophylla Pax – NW South America
* Manihot longepetiolata Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
* Manihot maracasensis Ule – Bahia
* Manihot marajoara Huber – Pará, Amapá
* Manihot mcvaughii V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán
* Manihot membranacea Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso
* Manihot michaelis McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco
* Manihot mirabilis Pax – Paraguay
* Manihot mossamedensis Taub. – Goiás
* Manihot nana Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais
* Manihot neusana Nassar – Paraná
* Manihot nogueirae Allem – Distrito Federal
* Manihot oaxacana D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca
* Manihot obovata J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero
* Manihot oligantha Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás
* Manihot orbicularis Pohl – Goiás
* Manihot palmata Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro
* Manihot pauciflora Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca
* Manihot paviifolia Pohl – Goiás
* Manihot peltata Pohl – Goiás
* Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
* Manihot peruviana Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin
* Manihot pilosa Pohl – E Brazil
* Manihot pinatiloba Goiás, Brazil
* Manihot pohliana Müll.Arg. – Bahia
* Manihot pohlii Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
* Manihot populifolia Pax – Paraguay
* Manihot porphyrantha Goiás, Brazil
* Manihot pringlei S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
* Manihot procumbens Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
* Manihot pruinosa Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
* Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
* Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil
* Manihot purpureocostata Pohl – Goiás
* Manihot pusilla Pohl – Goiás
* Manihot quinquefolia Pohl – Bahia
* Manihot quinqueloba Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
* Manihot quinquepartita Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
* Manihot reniformis Pohl – Bahia
* Manihot reptans Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais
* Manihot rhomboidea Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
* Manihot rubricaulis I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
* Manihot sagittatopartita Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
* Manihot salicifolia Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
* Manihot sparsifolia Pohl – Goiás
* Manihot stipularis Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás
* Manihot stricta Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
* Manihot subspicata Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
* Manihot surinamensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
* Manihot tenella Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay
* Manihot tomatophylla Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
* Manihot tomentosa Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
* Manihot triloba (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
* Manihot tripartita (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
* Manihot triphylla Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
* Manihot tristis Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
* Manihot variifolia Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay
* Manihot violacea Pohl – Brazil
* Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
* Manihot websteri D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca
* Manihot weddelliana Baill. – Goiás
* Manihot xavantinensis D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
* Manihot zehntneri Ule – Bahia

## formerly included

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha
* M. curcas – Jatropha curcas
* M. diversifolia – Jatropha diversifolia
* M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia
* M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens
* M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus
* M. multifida – Jatropha multifida
* M. spinosissima – Cnidoscolus vitifolius
* M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens

## Pollination

Monoecy was demonstrated by Jennings 1963 and George & Shifriss 1967.