OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vishwa Shanti Stupa, Rajgir

Vishwa Shanti Stupa ('World Peace Stupa') is a large white Peace Pagoda in Rajgir, Nalanda District, Bihar, near Gitai Mandir. Statues of the Buddha are mounted on the stupa in four directions. It also has a small Japanese Buddhist temple with a large park. There is a temple near the stupa where prayers are conducted for universal peace. The initial pagoda was completed in 1969. New initiatives in 1993 resulted in the present form. It is one of around 80 Peace Pagodas which have been built around the world by the neo-Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji. These were a dream of Nichidatsu Fujii, inspired by Mohandas K. Gandhi, as a reaction to the atomic bombing of Japan, the first, and more well known Vishwa Shanti stupa, being built on Ratnagiri Hill in Rajgir.

## The Stupa

Located on about the top of 400 m high Rajgir Hills in the lush-green valley of Rajgir, the white stupa stands 120 ft tall with a total diameter of 103 ft. The stupa is studded with four gold gilded statues of Buddha, showing four important events of his life. This stupa was constructed by Mackintosh Burn Limited, a renowned PSU construction company under Government of West Bengal.
# Djursholms Sveavägen

Djursholms Sveavägen used to be a railway stop at Djursholmsbanan, a part of Roslagsbanan which was discontinued in 1976. The station was situated at Sveavägen in Djursholm. The place name was added to the street name (with a genitive s) to avoid confusion with Sveavägen in Stockholm.
Station code: Djs
# Bragevägens hållplats

Bragevägen Railway Stop (in Swedish Bragevägens hållplats) used to be a railway stop of the Djursholmsbanan, a part of the Roslagsbanan which was discontinued in 1976. The station was situated at the intersection of Bragevägen and Valevägen in Djursholm, next to Djursholms församlingsgård. When coming from Stockholm Ö, it was the first stop after Djursholms Ösby and was followed by Djursholms Sveavägen.
Station code: Bvg
# AN/UYK-7

The AN/UYK-7 was the standard 32-bit computer of the United States Navy for surface ship and submarine platforms, starting in 1970. It was used in the Navy's NTDS & Aegis combat systems and U.S. Coast Guard, and the navies of U.S. allies. It was also used by the U.S. Army.

## Technical

Built by UNIVAC, it used integrated circuits, had 18-bit addressing and could support multiple CPUs and I/O controllers. Three CPUs and two I/O controllers were a common configuration. Its multiprocessor architecture was based upon the UNIVAC 1108. An airborne version, the UNIVAC 1832, was also produced.

## Replacement

In the mid-1980s, the UYK-7 was replaced by the AN/UYK-43 which shared the same instruction set. Retired systems are being cannibalized for repair parts to support systems still in use by U.S. and non-U.S. forces.
# Kamińsk, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Kamińsk is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Górowo Iławeckie, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Górowo Iławeckie, 25 km (16 mi) west of Bartoszyce, and 60 km (37 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.
During World War II, it was the location of the southern section of the German prisoner-of-war camp Stalag I-A, which initially held Polish POWs, and later also other Allied POWs. In 1950 Kamińsk prison was established in its place. Segments of it were burned down during a prison strike in 1981, which was part of a greater wave of unrest in Poland.
# Gdańsk Brzeźno railway station

Gdańsk Brzeźno is a former SKM stop in Gdańsk, Poland. It is no longer used since June 2005, after canceling passenger service on Gdańsk - Nowy Port line. This line is now used only for freight transport.
There is plan to include the stop in the planned new Metropolitan Tricity Train line to be ready for 2012 UEFA European Football Championship.

## The line

The line connecting Gdańsk Główny (Danzig Hbf.) with Gdańsk Nowy Port (Danzig Neufahrwasser) was opened in October 1867. It had been electrified in 1951, but the voltage was changed (from 800 volts) into standard 3 kV in 1973. The line served mostly as the transport route for shipyard workers who commuted to the Gdańsk Shipyard. On December 15, 2002, the line was shortened to reach only Gdańsk Brzeźno. On June 25, 2005, the line was completely closed for passenger service.
# Banchong Mahaisavariya

Banchong Mahaisavariya (Thai: บรรจง มไหสวริยะ) is a Thai orthopedic surgeon who served as president of Mahidol University from 2020 to 2024.

## Career

Banchong served as dean of the Faculty of Graduate Study of Mahidol University from 2007 to 2014. He also serves as president of the Royal College of Orthopaedic Surgeon of Thailand (RCOST).
# Obtusella roseotincta

Obtusella roseotincta is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
# Drayangs

Drayangs are entertainment bars in Bhutan. They typically serve alcoholic beverages, and have a stage on which entertainers dance to and sing songs solicited from or requested by members of the audience. They also serve traditional Bhutanese and Nepali cuisine. The songs are usually traditional Bhutanese music or from Bollywood. The majority of entertainers are women. As of 2018, there were 49 drayangs in Bhutan, with 14 located in the capital Thimphu.
Drayang entertainers are usually paid a basic monthly salary, and are allowed to collect extra money from the audience for requested songs. There is a range of opinions on drayangs in Bhutan. Critics of the venues describe them as shady businesses exploitative of women. Drayang owners deny that they allow abuse, and state that drayangs generate employment for the entertainers, who would otherwise be unemployed because of lack of opportunity and education.
On 7 January 2022, the Bhutanese government decided to cease the operation of drayangs in the country through an executive order from the Prime Minister Lotay Tshering, stating "It is time we acknowledge that our women working in drayangs are the most vulnerable. They are sexually objectified and disparaged in communities due to the nature of their job."
There were 60 drayangs in the country that have been closed since the onset of the pandemic in March 2020. Most drayangs are operating as bars today due to the loss of their performers, which they were most known for. These drayangs probably had nearly 1,000 employees, with around 15 in each one. There are also new concerns among some Bhutanese people that the laid-off workers of the drayangs will join the sex work industry.
# Sdot Micha

Sdot Micha or Sedot Mikha (Hebrew: שְׂדוֹת מִיכָה, lit. Micha Fields) is a moshav (agricultural settlement) in central Israel. Located to the west of Beit Shemesh, it is under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 382.

## History

The village was established in 1955 by immigrants from Morocco on the land of the depopulated Palestinian Arab village of Al-Burayj. It was named after Micha Josef Berdyczewski.
It is near Sdot Micha Airbase, which, according to unofficial sources, houses nuclear weapons and mobile missiles to fire them.
# Mikuty, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Mikuty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Piska, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Biała Piska, 19 km (12 mi) east of Pisz, and 106 km (66 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# M202 FLASH

The M202 FLASH ("Flame Assault Shoulder") is an American rocket launcher manufactured by Northrop Corporation, designed to replace the World War II–vintage flamethrowers (such as the M1 and the M2) that remained the military's standard incendiary devices well into the 1980s. The XM202 prototype launcher was tested in the Vietnam War, as part of the XM191 system.

## History

The United States Army issued M202s as needed, with each rifle company's headquarters being authorized a single launcher, generally issued as one per rifle platoon. While vastly more lightweight than the M2 flamethrower it replaced, the weapon was still bulky to use and the ammunition suffered from reliability problems. As a result, the weapon had mostly been relegated to storage by the mid-1980s, even though it nominally remains a part of the U.S. Army arsenal.
In USMC service, the M202 was issued to dedicated teams of 0351 Assaultman at the battalion level. The Weapons Platoon's assault section contained three squads, each with a launcher team. With the introduction of the SMAW in the mid 1980s, the M202 was phased out and replaced by SMAW launchers.
The M202A1 has been among weapons listed on the inventory of U.S. units in the War in Afghanistan.

## Design

The M202A1 features four tubes that can load 66 mm incendiary rockets. The M-74 rockets are equipped with M235 warheads, containing approximately 1.34 pounds (610 g) of an incendiary agent. The substance, often mistaken for napalm, is in fact TPA (thickened pyrophoric agent).
TPA is triethylaluminum (TEA) thickened with polyisobutylene, in the presence of n-hexane, preventing spontaneous combustion after the warhead rupture. TEA, an organometallic compound, is pyrophoric and burns spontaneously at temperatures of 1600 °C (2912 °F) when exposed to air. It burns "white hot" because of the aluminum, much hotter than gasoline or napalm. The light and heat emission is very intense and can produce skin burns from some (close) distance without direct contact with the flame, by thermal radiation alone. A crowd control agent round using CS gas, the XM96, was trialed, but never entered service.
The weapon is meant to be fired from the right shoulder, and can be fired from either a standing, crouching, or prone position. It is loaded with a clip which holds a set of four rockets together, which is inserted into the rear of the launcher and can be pushed past the launching position to enable the launcher to be carried while loaded more easily.
The M202A1 was rated as having a 50% chance of hit against the following targets at the noted ranges, assuming all four rockets were fired at the same time:
* Bunker aperture: 50 meters
* Window: 125 meters
* Weapons position or stationary vehicle: 200 meters
* Squad-sized troop formation: 500 meters

## Operators

* South Korea
** Republic of Korea Army
* United States
** United States Army and US Marine Corps
# Samuel Mathiassen Føyn

Samuel Mathiassen Føyn (2 November 1786 – 9 August 1854) was a Norwegian ship-owner and politician.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1830, 1842 and 1848, representing the constituency of Tønsberg. He worked as a ship-owner, merchant and farmer in that city.
Photographer Solveig Lund was his grand daughter through his daughter Nilsine Othilia Lund nee Føyn.
# Brenda Walker

Brenda Joanne Walker (1957 – 10 December 2024) was an Australian writer. Born in Grafton, New South Wales, she studied at the University of New England in Armidale and, after gaining a PhD in English (on the work of Samuel Beckett) at the Australian National University, she moved to Perth in 1984. She was a Winthrop Professor of English and Cultural Studies at the University of Western Australia. She had also been a visiting fellow at Stanford University and the University of Virginia.
Walker was the sister of songwriter and musician Don Walker, and the daughter of author Shirley Walker.
Walker was killed on 10 December 2024 while crossing Kings Park Road in Perth by a driver speeding at 97 kilometres per hour (60 mph). The driver was moments earlier seen driving at 104 kilometres per hour (65 mph), while the speed limit on Kings Park Road is 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph). The driver was charged with dangerous driving causing death in circumstances of aggravation.

## Awards

* 2011: Nita Kibble Literary Award, winner for "Reading by Moonlight"
* 2010: Victorian Premier's Awards, Nettie Palmer Prize for Non-Fiction, winner for "Reading by Moonlight"
* 2010: Queensland Premier's Literary Awards, shortlisted for "Reading by Moonlight"
* 2007: Asher Award, winner for The Wing of Night
* 2006: Nita Kibble Literary Award, winner for The Wing of Night
* 2006: Miles Franklin Award, shortlisted for The Wing of Night
* 2006: New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Christina Stead Prize, shortlisted for The Wing of Night
* 2006: Waverley Library Award for Literature, The Alex Buzo Shortlist Prize: winner for The Wing of Night
* 2000: Victorian Premier's Literary Award, shortlisted for Poe's Cat
* 2000: New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, Christina Stead Prize, Shortlisted for "Poe's Cat"
* 1990: T.A.G. Hungerford Award for an unpublished manuscript, winner for Crush
# Sessility (motility)

Sessility is the biological property of an animal describing its lack of a means of self-locomotion. Sessile animals for which natural motility is absent are normally immobile. This is distinct from the botanical concept of sessility, which refers to an organism or biological structure attached directly by its base without a stalk.
Sessile animals can move via external forces (such as water currents), but are usually permanently attached to something. Organisms such as corals lay down their own substrate from which they grow. Other animals organisms grow from a solid object, such as a rock, a dead tree trunk, or a human-made object such as a buoy or ship's hull.

## Mobility

Sessile animals typically have a motile phase in their development. Sponges have a motile larval stage and become sessile at maturity. Conversely, many jellyfish develop as sessile polyps early in their life cycle. In the case of the cochineal, it is in the nymph stage (also called the crawler stage) that the cochineal disperses. The juveniles move to a feeding spot and produce long wax filaments. Later they move to the edge of the cactus pad where the wind catches the wax filaments and carries the tiny larval cochineals to a new host.

## Reproduction

Many sessile animals, including sponges, corals and hydra, are capable of asexual reproduction in situ by the process of budding. Sessile organisms such as barnacles and tunicates need some mechanism to move their young into new territory. This is why the most widely accepted theory explaining the evolution of a larval stage is the need for long-distance dispersal ability. Biologist Wayne Sousa's 1979 study in intertidal disturbance added support for the theory of nonequilibrium community structure, "suggesting that open space is necessary for the maintenance of diversity in most communities of sessile organisms".

## Clumping

Clumping is a behavior in sessile organisms in which individuals of a particular species group closely to one another for beneficial purposes, as can be seen in coral reefs and cochineal populations. This allows for faster reproduction and better protection from predators.

## Predominance in coastal environments

The circalittoral zone of coastal environments and biomes are dominated by sessile organisms such as oysters. Carbonate platforms grow due to the buildup of skeletal remains of sessile organisms, usually microorganisms, which induce carbonate precipitation through their metabolism.

## Botanical sessility

In anatomy and botany, sessility refers to an organism or biological structure that has no peduncle or stalk. A sessile structure has no stalk.
See: peduncle (anatomy), peduncle (botany) and sessility (botany).
# Chernoff

Chernoff may be either a Jewish surname, meaning "descendent of Charna" or a German-language transliteration of the Russian surname Chernov. Notable people with the surname include:
* Herman Chernoff (born 1923), American applied mathematician, statistician and physicist
* Maxine Chernoff (born 1952), American novelist, writer, poet, academic and literary magazine editor
* Mike Chernoff (disambiguation), multiple people
* Paul Chernoff (1942–2017), American mathematician
# Wayne Marshall (basketball)

Wayne Marshall (born January 7, 1986) is an American professional basketball player for Shinshu Brave Warriors of the Japanese B.League.

## Career statistics

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2011-12 | Osaka | 48 | 29.3 | .456 | .429 | .626 | 6.9 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 11.2 |
| 2012-13 | Shinshu | 24 | 25.9 | .533 | .500 | .769 | 7.3 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 14.6 |
| 2013-14 | Yokohama | 48 | 22.8 | .485 | .000 | .566 | 5.1 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 11.0 |
| 2014-15 | Yokohama | 38 | 24.8 | .467 | .000 | .637 | 5.9 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 11.3 |
# What If (Ashley Tisdale song)

"What If" is a song by Ashley Tisdale from her second studio album, Guilty Pleasure. It was released on July 7, 2009 as part of an iTunes Store countdown in promotion for the album.

## Song information

This song was co-written by Tisdale, Kara DioGuardi and the Swedish production team Twin. Tisdale described "What If" as the most personal track on the album and said the song "is about when you’re in a relationship and you say 'If I really needed you, would you actually be there?’" It was released as part of the Guilty Pleasure countdown on iTunes on July 7, 2009 in the United States and Canada.

## Critical reception

The song received mixed to unfavorable reviews from music critics. Rudy Klapper from Sputnikmusic said the "cheese factor in What If is almost unbearably high" and that the song contained "high-school journal lyrics". Bill Lamb from About.com stated that the song "wants to evolve into an Avril Lavigne ballad but ultimately drowns in too many lyrical "babys" and polished string-based crescendos.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles | 1 |

## Release details

| Region | Date | Label | Format |
| Canada | July 7, 2009 | Warner Music | Digital download (iTunes) |
| United States | July 7, 2009 | Warner Music | Digital download (iTunes) |
# Fiona Fiedler

Fiona Fiedler (born 27 January 1976) is an Austrian politician of NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum. She has been a member of the National Council since October 23, 2019.

## Life
### Education and profession

After elementary school in Salzburg-Herrnau, Fiona Fiedler attended the Bundesgymnasium Nonntal, where she graduated in 1995. She then completed the two-year Salzburg College for Tourism in Kleßheim. From 2013, she studied at the University College of Teacher Education Styria, graduating in 2016 with a Bachelor of Education (BEd). She also began training as a children's choir director at the Johann Joseph Fux Conservatory in Graz. From 2003 to 2009, she worked in the catering industry, and from 2017 she was an elementary school teacher in Styria. Fiedler has lived in Graz since 1998, and is married and the mother of two sons.

### Politics

Since 2019, she has been a member of NEOS, for which she ran as the top candidate in the Styrian state constituency in the 2019 National Council election. On October 23, 2019, she was sworn in as a member of the Austrian National Council at the beginning of the 27th legislative period. In the NEOS parliamentary group, she acts as the area spokesperson for people with disabilities and animal protection.
On January 20, 2022, she voted against the National Council's bill to introduce mandatory COVID-19 vaccination in Austria, but it was approved by a majority of National Council members.
# Legon Observer

The Legon Observer, the journal of the Legon Society for National Affairs (LSNA), was established in July 1966 as a fortnightly publication. With a base in the political science faculty of the University of Ghana at Legon, it established itself as an important critical voice during the military rule of the National Liberation Council. In the 1969 elections it called for a "third force", between Komla Agbeli Gbedemah's National Alliance of Liberals and Kofi Abrefa Busia's Progress Party. Some supported the All People's Congress, led by John Bilson, who later ran for president as a Third Force Party candidate. From 1974 to 1978 the newspaper was effectively banned: General Acheampong withheld foreign exchange to block the import of newsprint, and arrested and detained editors.
Editors included Yaw Twumasi and Kwame Arhin.
In 2007 a New Legon Observer was launched, under the acting editorship of Ernest Aryeetey, then Director of Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) and now (year 2013) vice chancellor of the University of Ghana.
# Wawina, Minnesota

Wawina is an unincorporated community in Wawina Township, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States.
The community is located between Grand Rapids and Floodwood at the junction of U.S. Highway 2 and Itasca County Road 25.
Nearby places include Floodwood, Swan River, Warba, Jacobson, and Goodland.
Wawina is located 13 miles northwest of Floodwood. Wawina is also located 23 miles southeast of Grand Rapids; and 53 miles northwest of Duluth. The boundary line between Itasca, Saint Louis, and Aitkin counties is nearby.
The community of Wawina is located within Wawina Township (population 77).
ZIP Codes 55736 (Floodwood) and 55784 (Swan River) meet at Wawina.

## History

A post office called Wawina was established in 1912, and remained in operation until 1993. Wawina is a name derived from the Ojibwe language waawiinaa meaning "I mention him often" from wiinzh meaning "mention him/her".

## Culture

Wawina has the distinction of having America's smallest telephone company. Northern Telephone Company of Minnesota (Area Code 218–488) serves fewer than 40 subscribers.
It gained brief fame as the last place in the continental United States to use a trunking system (inter-office circuits) that was called "N2 Carrier", an analog system that utilized Multi-Frequency (MF) tones and the infamous 2600 Hz control tone for answer supervision and idle trunk condition. This system was much loved by phone phreaks as it was the same system which the now infamous John Draper made famous. The era ended in June 2006, when the privately owned exchange switched to a digital trunk. Phone hacking attempts from across the nation had placed a large burden on the extremely small telephone company serving Wawina Township.
# Mang (caste)

The Mang, or Matang is an Indian caste mainly residing in the state of Maharashtra. Matang are known as Madiga in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
The community was historically believed to be associated with village security and professions such as rope making, broom making, musicians, cattle castration, leather curing, midwifery, executioners, and funeral directors. In modern day India, they are listed as a Scheduled Caste, Their origins lie in the Narmada Valley of India, and they were formerly classified as a criminal tribe under the Criminal Tribes Acts of the British Raj.

## Religion

The most of Mang practice Hinduism and in modern times, they are ardent followers of B. R. Ambedkar and Shivaji Maharaj. The Mang celebrate all major Hindu festivals, as well as the annual Jatara festival for the deity Maisamma, which entails the sacrifice of sheep and goats and a feast of lamb and goat meat.
According to the 2011 census, there were 35,831 Mangs in Maharashtra who were Buddhists.

## Society and culture

Before the British era, Mang were one of the twelve hereditary village servants called Bara Balutedar. The Mang were the hereditary rope makers and village entertainers. For their services they received a share of the village produce. The caste was hindu and observed the Hindu rituals of Jawal (first hair cut), shendi, lagna, and funerary rites. In the early 20th century, the Mang began to form caste associations to advocate their cause, such as the Mang Samaj (1932) and Mang Society (1923).

## Notables

* Annabhau Sathe, Maharashtra social reformer
* Lahuji Raghoji Salve, Maharashtra social reformer