OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tipos del País

Tipos del País, literally meaning Types of the Country, is a Filipino Miniature painting of watercolor method that shows the different types of inhabitants in the Philippines in their different native costumes that show their social status and occupation during colonial times.

## History

During the 19th century, secular subject matter in painting the Philippines increased extensively. With more tourists, ilustrados and foreigners demanding souvenirs and decorations from the country, Tipos del País developed in painting. Damián Domingo was the most popular artist who worked in this style.

## Gallery

* Illustration of a Filipino mestizo by Justiniano Asuncion
* "Mestizo de luto" (A mourning mestizo) by José Honorato Lozano
* "El Mestiso" (A Filipino Mestizo) by Justiniano Asuncion
* "La Mestisa" (A Filipina Mestiza) by Justiniano Asuncion
* "La Mestisa Española" (A Spanish Mestiza Filipina) by Justiniano Asuncion
* "La Yndia del Campo Tendedora" (A Native Filipina Field Tender / Farmer) by Justiniano Asuncion
* "La Yndia del Campo tiendera" (A Native Filipina Rural Merchant) by Justiniano Asuncion
* "Gobernadorcillo de Naturales" (Native Governor) by José Honorato Lozano
* "India de Manila" (Native Filipina of Manila) by José Honorato Lozano
* "Un Yndio natural" (A Native Filipino) by José Honorato Lozano
* Mercaderes Ilocanos (Ilocano Merchants) by José Honorato Lozano
* "Mestizos Sangley y Chino" (Sangley Chinese-Filipino Mestizos) by Justiniano Asuncion
* Filipino Peasant with coat & salacot by Justiniano Asuncion
* Cuadrillero by José Honorato Lozano
* Filipino Peasant with salacot & rooster by Justiniano Asuncion
* Indios (Native Filipinos) by José Honorato Lozano
* Indio A Caballo (Native Filipino On A Horse) by José Honorato Lozano
* India A Caballo (Native Filipina On A Horse) by José Honorato Lozano
* A Scene In Town by José Honorato Lozano
* El Cundiman (Kundiman) by José Honorato Lozano
* Chino Comerciante (Sangley Merchant) & India de Manila (Native Filipina of Manila) by José Honorato Lozano
* Chino Corredor (Chinese Runner/Deliveryman) by José Honorato Lozano
* Chino Chanchaulero by José Honorato Lozano
* Tipos del País Scene by José Honorato Lozano
* (A Native Filipino & Sangley) by José Honorato Lozano
* Chino Pansitero (Chinese Pancit Vendor) by José Honorato Lozano
# George Darrell

George Frederick Price Darrell (1851–1921) was an Australian playwright best known for The Sunny South (1883), which was made into a film The Sunny South or The Whirlwind of Fate.
Darrell began his professional career with Simonsen's Opera Company in New Zealand; but, on migrating to Melbourne, took to the regular dramatic profession, earning some distinction as a juvenile supporter of the once idolised Walter Montgomery. He married Mrs. Robert Heir (née Fanny Cathcart), the admirable tragédienne, and subsequently visited professionally America and England, where, at the Grand Theatre, Islington, he produced his play The Sunny South.
His last play, The Land of Gold was staged by Charles Holloway at the Criterion Theatre, Sydney in 1907.
In 1878 he formed the "Australian Dramatic Company", which name was subsequently used by Alfred Dampier, but the connection between the two, if any, has not been found.
Darrell's body was washed ashore at Dee Why on 29 January 1921. He had died by drowning, found to be suicide as evidenced by the note he left for his landlady, Mrs Barnet.
As a playwright his name has been confused with that of Charles Darrell, author of When London Sleeps, The Power and the Glory and Defender of the Faith.

## Select writings

* Man and Wife (1871)
* Matrimonial Manoeuvres (1872)
* Dark Deeds (1873)
* Friends of the Flag ; Or, The Struggle for Freedom (1874)
* Her Face, Her Fortune (1874)
* The Trump Card (1874)
* The Four Fetes (1875)
* Transported for Life (1876)
* Back from the Grave (1878)
* The Forlorn Hope ; or, A Tale of Tomorrow (1879)
* Solange (1882)
* The Naked Truth (1883)
* The Sunny South (1883)
* The Squatter (1885)
* The Soggarth (1886)
* The New Rush (1886)
* Hue and Cry (1888)
* The Mystery of a Hansom Cab aka Midnight Melbourne (1888) – stage version of the Fergus Hume novel The Mystery of a Hansom Cab
* The Queen of Bohemia (1888)
* The Pakeha (1890)
* Mr Potter of Texas (1890)
* The Lucky Lot (1890)
* The Double Event (1893)
* The Crimson Thread (1894)
* Convict Once (1896)
* The Land of Dawning (1896)
* The Queen of Coolgardie (1897)
* The Sorrows of Satan (1897)
* The Light That Failed (1899)
* The Adventures of Louis de Rougemont (1899)
* The Punter (1902)
* Sappho (1902)
* Justice or Murder (1902)
* Paris and Pleasure (1904)
* The Battle and the Breeze (1905)
* The Belle of the Bush (1916) – novel
# Epidendrum ibaguense

Epidendrum ibaguense (pronounced ee-bah-GAIN-say) is a species of epiphytic orchid of the genus Epidendrum which occurs in Trinidad, French Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia and Northern Brazil.

## Description

Like the other members of Epidendrum subgenus Amphiglotium Lindl., E. ibaguense exhibits a pseudo-monopodial growth habit: it produces a vertical stem covered with the sheathing bases of distichous leaves and without the swelling typical of the pseudobulbs found in many sympodial orchids. However, E. ibaguense is actually sympodial: the peduncle of the inflorescence, tightly covered for most of its length by thin, overlapping sheaths, is terminal, not lateral. A new growth is then (usually) produced from near the base of the old one, although E. ibaguense will frequently produce a keiki from an old inflorescence.
Like the other members of Epidendrum Amphiglotium section Schistochila Rchb.f., E. ibaguense flowers are borne on a congested, successively flowering raceme at the end of a long peduncle, and have a trilobate lip that is adnate to the column to the very apex. Like the members of the subsections Carinata Rchb.f. and Tuberculata Rchb.f., the three lobes of the E. ibaguense lip are deeply fringed or lacerate. Like E. radicans, (but unlike E. secundum Jacq., E. fulgens, E. puniceoluteum, and E. cinnabarinum) the flowers of E. ibaguense are resupinate. E. ibaguense differs from E. radicans by producing most of its roots from near the bottom of the stem, and producing stems that "really stand up." Like E. secundum Jacq. and E. radicans, different individuals of E. ibaguense can produce flowers that are lavender, red, orange, or yellow.
The chromosome number of an individual collected in Serra Pacaraina, Brazil, has been determined as 2n = 70.

## Taxonomy

According to Reichenbach, E. ibaguense belongs to the subsection Tuberculata Rchb.f. of section Schistochila Rchb.f. of subgenus Amphiglotium Lindl..
According to Kew, E. decipiens Lindl. (1853) (p. 391, Reichenbach 1861)) and E. schomburgkii var. confluens (p. 389-390, Reichenbach 1861) are synonyms of E. ibaguense; according to Reichenbach 1861, these two separate species belong to the subsection Carinata.
Other synonyms (according to Kew) :
* Epidendrum decipiens Lindl., 1853
* Epidendrum schomburgkii var. confluens Lindl., 1853
* Epidendrum chrysostomum Rchb.f.,1856
* Epidendrum bituberculatum Rolfe, 1892
* Epidendrum planiceps Kraenzl., 1911
* Epidendrum laetum Schltr., 1919
* Epidendrum fraternum Schltr., 1920
* Epidendrum smithii Schltr., 1920
* Epidendrum sororium Schltr., 1920
* Epidendrum miquelii Schltr., 1925
* Epidendrum ibaguense var. confluens (Lindl.) C.Schweinf., 1944
# Charanjit Singh Atwal

Charanjit Singh Atwal (born 15 March 1937) is an Indian politician who was Deputy Speaker of the 14th Lok Sabha of India from 2004 to 2009. He represented the Phillaur constituency of Punjab in the 14th Lok Sabha and is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) political party.
He was Speaker of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from 1997 to 2002 and again from 2012 to 2017.

## Early life

Charanjit Singh Atwal was born to a Mazhabi Sikh family in Montgomery, Punjab Province, British India (Punjab in Pakistan after partition in 1947). Sardar Atwal's family, like many Punjabis migrated to Indian Punjab as refugees when they found themselves living on the wrong side of the border. He graduated from GGN Khalsa College, Ludhiana and then obtained his LLB degree from Panjab University, Chandigarh.

## Political life

Charanjit Singh Atwal was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1985 to 1989. He was then Speaker of the Punjab Assembly from 1997 to 2002. He is a respected member of the Indian Parliament for 20 years and has over 40 years of service in politics. He has been in the field of politics since 1957 and was elected to the Punjab State Assembly in 1977. He is considered among the top hierarchy of the Shiromani Akali Dal. In the 2001 election Sardar Atwal stood in the Phillaur constituency (SC) and crushed his political rival Santosh Chowdhury of the Indian National Congress by a huge margin of 98,884 votes. Santosh Chowdhury was the previous 1999 election winner, winning by what was then a large margin of 26,573 votes.
From 1997 to 2000 he was Chairman of the Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes. He was jailed during the 1975-77 emergency.
He has served as Speaker of Punjab Legislative Assembly for a second time since 2012.

## Personal life

Sardar Charanjit.S.Atwal is married to Inderjit Kaur, with whom he has two sons, Inder Iqbal Singh Atwal (also a politician & businessman) and Jasjeet Singh Atwal and three daughters, Dr. Kulminderjit Kaur, Parminderjit Kaur and Tripat Kaur Atwal. Jasjeet Atwal has a pair of twins. He belongs to the Backward and Schedule Caste (SC).
# Nichaya Thamboolam

Nichaya Thamboolam (transl. The Betrothal) is a 1962 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film, directed and produced by B. S. Ranga. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan and Jamuna. It was released on 9 February 1962. The film was released in Telugu as Pelli Thambulam.

## Plot

A senior police officer, Ranganathan, has a spoilt son, Raghuraman. Ranganathan's wife (Raghu's mother) Kamakshi is a kind-hearted lady. Raghu falls in love with Seetha, the daughter of a poor teacher, Ramanna. Ranganathan's family and Ramanna's family are related. When Seetha was born, both parents agreed that she should be married to Raghu and exchanged the Nichaya Thamboolam. However, due to their status, the families had been estranged from each other. Raghu marries Seetha and begets a child. But Raghu suspects Seetha's fidelity and walks out. To complicate matters further, Raghu is charged with the murder of his friend Pattusamy. Seetha takes the blame on herself in order to save Raghu. After more twists and turns it is revealed that Pattusamy is alive. The families come together and all live happily.

## Production

For the song "Padaithane Padaithane", Ranga initially built an elaborate set; however he had it torn down and "instead painted the floor wet black and used lamp posts".

## Soundtrack

The music composed by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy and the lyrics were penned by Kannadasan. "Padaithane Padaithane" is set in Bilaskhani Todi, a Hindustani raga.
| Song | Singers | Length |
| "Aandavan Padaichan" | T. M. Soundararajan | 05:13 |
| "Padaithaane, Padaithaane Manithanai" | T. M. Soundararajan | 04:43 |
| "Paavadai Dhavaniyil" | T. M. Soundararajan | 04:26 |
| "Alangaram Alangaram" | S. C. Krishnan, L. R. Eswari | 02:50 |
| "Ithu Ver Ulagam" | T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari | 04:00 |
| "Maalai Soodum Mana Naal" | P. Susheela | 03:07 |
| "Nethiyile Oru Kunguma Pottu" | P. Susheela | 03:43 |
| "Nee Nadanthaal Enna" | P. Susheela | 02:43 |

## Reception

The film was a box-office success, though it did not hit the 100-day mark.
# Epigaea repens

Epigaea repens, the mayflower, trailing arbutus, or ground laurel, is a low, spreading shrub in the family Ericaceae. It is found from Newfoundland to Florida, west to Kentucky and the Northwest Territories.

## Description

The plant is a slow-growing, prostrate to sprawling shrub that prefers moist, shady habitats and acidic (humus-rich) soil. It is often part of the heath complex in an oak-heath forest.
Its stems are woody and the leafy twigs are covered in rust-colored hairs. The leaves are alternate, ovate (oval-shaped with rounded bases), evergreen, glabrous above and more or less hairy beneath, and borne on short rusty-hairy petioles.
The flowers are pentamerous, pale pink to nearly white and very fragrant, about .5 inches (1.3 cm) across when expanded, and borne in clusters at the ends of the branches. The calyx consists of five dry, overlapping sepals. The corolla is salverform, with a slender hairy tube spreading into five equal lobes. There are 5 stamens. The gynoecium consists of one pistil with a columnar style and a five-lobed stigma.
The genus name Epigaea, meaning "upon the earth", refers to this species' sprawling growth habit.

## Symbolism

Epigaea repens is the floral emblem of both Nova Scotia and Massachusetts. Digging up one in Massachusetts is punishable with a $50 fine.

## Use among Native Americans

The Algonquin use an infusion of leaves for kidney disorders. The Cherokee use a decoction of the plant to induce vomiting to treat abdominal pain, and they give an infusion of the plant to children for diarrhea. An infusion is also used for the kidneys and for "chest ailment". They also take a compound infusion for indigestion.
The Iroquois use a compound for labor pains in parturition, use a compound decoction for rheumatism, take a decoction of the leaves for indigestion, and they also take a decoction of the whole plant or roots, stalks and leaves taken for the kidneys.
The Forest Potawatomi regard this as their tribal flower and consider it to have come directly from their divinity.
# Epilobium anagallidifolium

Epilobium anagallidifolium is a species of willowherb known by the common names pimpernel willowherb and alpine willowherb. This small flowering plant has a near-circumboreal distribution and can be found in mountain ranges further south, where grows in alpine climates. It is a perennial found in low clumps rarely exceeding 20 centimeters in height.

## Description

This species has an unbranched stem rising to 150 cm high. The leaves are lanceolate, alternate and have a short stalk. It has wide, rounded basal leaves and narrower leaves further up the stem, and its foliage is often hairy. It bears purple or pinkish trumpet-shaped flowers and the fruit is a capsule two or three centimeters long.
# Mary Murphy

Mary Murphy may refer to:
* Mary Murphy (actress) (1931–2011), American actress
* Mary Murphy (basketball) (born 1957), American basketball analyst
* Mary Murphy (choreographer) (born 1958), American choreographer, reality TV show judge
* Mary Murphy (politician) (1939–2024), American politician and member of the Minnesota House of Representatives
* Mary Murphy (news personality), American television personality, print journalist and author
* Mary Travers Murphy (born 1958), Executive Director of the Family Justice Center of Erie County
* Mary Murphy Mine, Chaffee County, Colorado
# Bernardino de Mendoza (Captain General)

Bernardino de Mendoza (Granada, 1501 – Saint-Quentin, 1557), was a Spanish noble from the House of Mendoza and Captain General of the Galleys of Spain.
He was the third son of Íñigo López de Mendoza y Quiñones, 1st Marquis of Mondéjar and Francesca Pacheco. His siblings were Luis, Maria, Antonio and Diego Hurtado.

## Early days of naval career

Mendoza was destined for a career in the Spanish Navy. In his youth, he sailed with two galleys to fight the Barbary corsairs in the Mediterranean Sea, at his own expense. In October 1525, he participated in the failed attempt to reconquer Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, led by his brother Luis Hurtado de Mendoza y Pacheco, 2nd Marquis of Mondéjar and Captain General of Granada.

## Captain General of the Galleys of Spain

In 1533, he became Captain General of the Galleys of Spain. In 1535 he led twelve galleys, some of them previously captured from the Turks, to take part in the Conquest of Tunis (1535). He remained in Tunis, to defend the fortress of La Goleta at the head of 1,000 Spanish troops. He returned to sea with six galleys, but was recalled to La Goleta to prevent the unpaid and mutinous Spanish garrison from selling the fortress to the Turks. He sailed them to Sicily with a promise of payment. When they were not paid there either, the troops caused problems in Sicily.
In 1540, Mendoza gained an important victory in the Battle of Alborán, crushing superior Turkish forces. He was injured in the head and partially lost control of the use of his arms. One year later, he led 15 galleys in the failed Algiers expedition. In 1550, he won another important battle against the Turks, when he took Mahdiye.

## Foreign wars and his death

In 1555, he was temporarily Viceroy of Naples because Cardinal Pedro Pacheco de Villena attended the Papal conclave, May 1555. One year later, King Philip II of Spain made him State Councilor. Very uncomfortable at court, Mendoza soon left for Flanders to fight under Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy against the French.
After the Battle of St. Quentin (1557), he was charged with reinforcing the city's defences, but he died soon after from wounds received in the battle.

## Marriage and children

He married Elvira Carrillo y Córdoba and had at least five children, including:
* Juan Hurtado de Mendoza y Carrillo, also Captain General of the galleys and commander of La Goleta. Died in the naval disaster of La Herradura (1562).
* Catalina, married Luis Hurtado de Mendoza, 4th Marquis of Mondéjar.

## Sources

* Los Mendoza: el marino Bernardino de Mendoza (in Spanish)
# Annelise Knudtzon

Annelise Caroline Knudtzon née Kiær (1914–2006) was a Norwegian textile artist. From 1946, she managed her own studio in Oslo where she and her employees produced brightly coloured hand-woven woolen fabrics, especially upholstery. In collaboration with the painter Knut Rumohr, she revived the old technique of using rye straw for weaving. Together they produced carpets with abstract designs based on nature. Knudtzon designed patterns for the Norwegian textile firm Røros Tweed [no] from 1958 to 1975. In 1984, she received the Jacob Prize, a Norwegian cultural award.

## Early life

Born in Oslo on 25 October 1914, Anne-Lise Caroline Kiær was the daughter of the industrialist Thorvald (Thorry) Meyer Kiær (1888–1968) and his wife Ingrid née Thaulow (1892–1983). She married Fritz Knudtzon (1910–1999). In the mid-1930s, she had gained experience working with the textile artist Maija Kansanen-Størseth in Helsinki. She attended the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry from 1943 to 1944.

## Career

in 1946, Knudtzon established her own studio in Oslo. Initially, despite post-war rationing, she tried as far a possible to use wool, producing brightly coloured fabrics. The firm went on to produce curtains, upholstery and carpets. In the 1950s and 1960s, she received a number of significant commissions for interior decoration, for example for the Stiftsgården residence and the Archbishop's Palace in Trondheim. She has also produced fabrics for several hotels in Norway and for Norwegian embassies around the world.
From 1953, she began collaborating with the painter Knut Rumohr, initially producing carpets with geometrical designs. The later revived the old technique using rye straw for weaving carpets, often with abstract designs from nature. Apart from Sigrun Berg, Knudtzon is the only designer in Norway to have used rye straw for high-quality products. Knudtzon designed patterns for the Norwegian textile firm Røros Tweed [no] from 1958 to 1975.
Knudtzon's works can be seen in the Nordenfjeldske Kunstindustrimuseum [no], Trondheim, and in the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology, Oslo.
Annelise Knudtzon died in Olso on 4 September 2006.

## Awards

Knudtzon received the Norwegian cultural award, the Jacob Prize, in 1984.
# Roland JX-1

The Roland JX-1 is a digital performance synthesizer manufactured by Roland Corporation. Released in 1991, the JX-1 is designed as an entry-level keyboard that emphasizes straightforward operation with a minimalistic control interface, suitable for beginners and performers who prefer a simple setup. This synthesizer was part of Roland's shift towards more accessible instruments during a period when synthesizers were becoming increasingly complex. The JX-1 features a distinctive design, including a 61-key velocity-sensitive keyboard without aftertouch and a physical layout that omits a display screen, focusing instead on direct control via buttons and sliders.

## Sounds and features

The JX-1 synthesizer offers a polyphony of 24 voices and includes basic digital sound generation technology with 64 preset tones and 32 memory slots for user-created or modified sounds. Its sound engine utilizes PCM samples with basic editing capabilities through four parameter sliders that adjust cutoff, resonance (termed “Color”), attack, and release. Additional sliders control overall volume and tonal brightness (“Brilliance”).
Roland equipped the JX-1 with practical performance features including pitch bend and modulation wheels, reverb and chorus effects, and a unique set of stereo inputs, allowing players to mix external audio sources with the internal sounds. This setup is intended for live performance scenarios where quick setup and broad sonic capability are needed. The interface promotes rapid sound changes and layering, where any two tones can be layered by pressing their buttons simultaneously.
Despite its streamlined design, the JX-1 provides expressive control over its sounds, suitable for both studio applications and live performances. The absence of a screen and the inclusion of direct physical controls cater to musicians who favor intuitive use over deep sound design exploration. The Roland JX-1 is characterized by its approach to balancing simplicity with functionality, reflecting early 1990s synthesizer design aimed at accessibility and ease of use.
# East Village, Connecticut

East Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Monroe, Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It occupies the northeastern end of the town of Monroe, extending northeast to the Housatonic River (the town border with Oxford) and southwest to Walnut Street. It is bordered to the southeast by the city of Shelton and to the northwest by the town of Newtown.
East Village was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
# Skenella georgiana

Skenella georgiana is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cingulopsidae.

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 1.22 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 16 m. Maximum recorded depth is 16 m.
# Daniel Jurč

Daniel Jurč (born 7 March 1983 in Humenné) is a Slovak football defender who currently plays for FK Inter Bratislava.
# Mario Figueroa

Mario Figueroa (born December 24, 1963) is a retired male professional road racing cyclist from Venezuela.

## Career
### 1999

    1st in Stage 1 Vuelta a Venezuela, Punto Fijo Circuito (VEN)

### 2000

    1st in Stage 4 part b Vuelta a Venezuela, Valencia (VEN)

### 2001

    1st in Sprints Classification Vuelta a Venezuela (VEN)
# Nelson Nieves

Nelson Nieves (24 December 1934 – 13 January 2021) was a Venezuelan fencer. He competed in the team foil events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Pavol Orolín

Pavol Orolín (born 30 June 1987 in Liptovský Mikuláš) is a Slovak football midfielder who currently plays for an amateur side of OFK Bučany.
# Augustín Paulík

Augustín Paulík (born 17 July 1982) is a Slovak football midfielder who played for FK Inter Bratislava and currently plays for OŠK Chynorany.
He played with FC Koper in the Slovenian First League.
# Olaf Sandner

Olaf Sandner (24 July 1923 – 20 November 2013) was a Venezuelan épée and sabre fencer. He competed in three events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.