OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Siege of Antioch (1084–1085)

The siege of Antioch was a military engagement between the Seljuks of Rum led by Sulieman ibn Qutalmish and the Byzantine garrison of Philaretos. The Seljuk with a small force managed to capture the city in late 1084 while the castle surrendered in early 1085.

## Background

After the defeat at the Battle of Manzikert, a large part of Asia Minor fell to the hands of the Seljuk Turks. The city of Antioch, however; remained under the Byzantines. Antioch's last two governors were Armenians. The last one was Philaretus, who had risen by his courage and ability to the rank of domcsticus under the Byzantine emperor, Romanos IV Diogenes. The Seljuks launched an expedition to capture the city.
Various accounts give the reason why the Seljuks attacked. Matthew of Edessa claims the city was weak and poorly defended so they decided to attack. The Byzantine historian, Anna Komnene claimed that Philaretus converted to Islam and his son Basrama was against this, however, he was imprisoned and ironically asked the Seljuks for help. Ibn al-Athir agrees with this and claims that Philaretus mistreated the inhabitants and had his son imprisoned so they asked for help.

## Siege

Later in December 1084, the Seljuk ruler of Nicaea, Suleiman ibn Qutalmish, left with a small army of 300 cavalry and some infantry. Suleiman sailed to the gulf of Issus and landed there. He made his way in the night through the stony Ridges. Eventually, the Seljuks arrived at Antioch at night. The Seljuks then had the spears attached to ropes and threw the spears at the battlement of the walls. Some of the Seljuks then climbed up and opened the St. Paul's Gate. This entry involved defection from some guards. The Inhabitants were unaware of what was happening until they were alerted by one cry of a Seljuk.
Hearing this the inhabitants began fleeing in terror, some jumped over the walls and others to the citadel. Some attempted to resist but were defeated. A general amnesty was proclaimed; the plunder seized after the first irruption was restored and the Seljuks allowed the inhabitants to return home unmolested. The Seljuks avoided a massacre. Some of Philaretus's men who retreated to the citadel held out against the Seljuks. On January 12 of the next year, the garrison launched an attack but was defeated, forcing them to surrender. Everyone in the citadel was spared.
# Upperman High School

Upperman High School is a public high school located in Baxter, Tennessee. It is part of the Putnam County, Tennessee School District. Upperman includes grades 9–12. Upperman was listed as one of the United States' best high schools by U.S. News & World Report in 2008.

## History

On August 22, 1959, Upperman High School opened with an enrollment of 363 students from grades 9 through 12 on the campus of the former Baxter Seminary. Dave C. Huddleston was the school's first principal. In 1976, a new school building was built on the same campus and enrollment was expanded to include grades 7 through 12. On January 6, 2003, the location of the school was moved roughly a mile to a new campus where the school is still located today.

## Sports

Sports programs at Upperman currently include Boys Basketball, Girls Basketball, Baseball, Softball, Football, Lacrosse, Track & Field, Volleyball, Boys and Girls Golf, Boys and Girls Bowling, Wrestling, Boys Soccer, Girls Soccer, Cross Country, Dance, And Marching Band.
Upperman has won three TSSAA State Championships in 1991, 1993 and 2022, two State Runners Up in 1982 and 2023 and made the final four in 1984, 1985, 1987 for baseball. Upperman's Lady Bees 2012 softball team finished third in the programs first ever appearance in the Class AA State Tournament.
The Upperman Lady Bees Girls' Basketball team won the 2017 and 2018 TSSAA Class AAA State Championships and also has three state runners-up (1999, 2001 and 2016). In 2007 & 2008, the Lady Bees made the Final Four of the Class AA State Tournament. Upperman Boys Basketball also has made four different State Tournament appearances.
The 2018 Upperman Volleyball Team made history by winning Regions, hosting and winning sub-state, and making a first-ever appearance in the State Tournament; where they finished fifth in the state.
The 2023 Upperman Football team finished with a 14-1 overall record, making the program’s first trip to the TSSAA Football State Championship Game, where they were defeated by the Pearl Cohn Firebirds.

## Clubs

Upperman also has a variety of clubs, including Spanish Club, Mu Alpha Theta, FFA, FCCLA, Health Occupations Students of America, National Beta Club, National Honor Society and Key Club. Other groups include the Academic Team, the Student Government, and a Color Guard and Marching Band known as the Regiment of Black.
# Vertigo genesii

Vertigo genesii, common name the round-mouthed whorl snail, is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

## Shell description

The shell is very small, ovate, obtuse, indistinctly, spaced striate, glossy purplish brown. The shell has 4½ whorls, that are rather convex, high, rapidly increasing, joined by a somewhat impressed suture, the penult large, almost ventricose. Umbilical opening is moderate.
The aperture is semirotund, nearly quadratic, without any folds. Peristome is scarcely expanded, thickened liplike, bordered with bluish black, the margins are connected by a very weak callus, the right margin is arched at the insertion.
The width of the adult shell is 1.03–1.20 mm, the height is 1.63–2.00 mm.

## Anatomy

The animal body color is raven-black. The tentacles are short, contracted in the middle.

## Distribution and conservation status

* IUCN red list - conservation dependent
* It is mentioned in Annex II of the European Union's Habitats Directive.
This species occurs in:
* British Isles (in the United Kingdom only): Great Britain. It is endangered in Great Britain and it is listed in List of endangered species in the British Isles.
* Continental Europe: Finland, Germany, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, and Switzerland.
# Wang Wanqiang

Wang Wanqiang (born 15 November 1964) is a Chinese former cyclist. He competed in the team time trial event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Jennifer Álvarez

Jennifer Álvarez (born 19 November 1993, in Cienfuegos) is a Cuban volleyball player. She is a member of the Cuba women's national volleyball team and played for Cienfuegos in 2014.
She was part of the Cuban national team at the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Japan and the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy.

## Career

Álvarez signed with the Romanian club CS Volei Alba-Blaj for the 2017/18 season.

## Clubs

* Cienfuegos (2014)
* CS Volei Alba-Blaj (2017-2018)
# Peter A. Griffin

Peter A. Griffin (July 19, 1937 – October 18, 1998) was an American mathematician, author, and blackjack expert and is one of the original seven members of the Blackjack Hall of Fame. He authored The Theory of Blackjack, considered a classic analysis of the mathematics behind the game of casino 21.

## Early life

Griffin was a native of New Jersey, one of three children, with a brother, poet Alan MacDougall, and a sister, Barbara Dan, writer. His grandfather Frank Loxley Griffin was a mathematician at Reed College who had written various mathematics textbooks.
Griffin's father was an actuary who went on to head up a labor/management consulting company in Chicago.
Griffin grew up in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, Chicago and Portland, Oregon, and married Lydia.

## Academic studies and teaching

He studied at Portland State University, and received a master's degree from the University of California at Davis. He taught statistics, calculus and differential equations at California State University-Sacramento from 1965 until his death on October 18, 1998, from prostate cancer.

## Blackjack

His first exposure to blackjack was in 1970, when he proposed a course on the mathematics of gambling, and went to Nevada to do some research. As the New York Times put it, he "promptly got his clock cleaned," and this incentivized him to do more serious research on the subject.
He was known for compiling extensive statistics on blackjack players in Atlantic City, and then comparing patterns against players in Las Vegas or Reno.
Griffin was one of the first to calculate the percentage disadvantage of an "average" blackjack player, at 2%. He was also the first to calculate the average gains by hand realized from varying basic strategy.
Griffin wrote the 1979 book, The Theory of Blackjack: The Compleat Card Counter’s Guide to the Casino Game of 21, which is considered to be a classic in the field. Although heavily mathematical, the book contained gems that could be found and exploited by the careful reader. For example, one chart appearing on just one page of The Theory of Blackjack led at least one blackjack team to develop a strategy that won hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Griffin along with Anthony Curtis is cited as coming up with the title for the main column of the Las Vegas Advisor, 'Couponomy'. Curtis states "Griffin pointed out that the suffix “omy” typically means to extract, so Couponomy meant extraction via coupon".
The main passion of Peter Griffin remained teaching, which is where he devoted most of his working life.
Peter Griffin died on October 18, 1998, at the age of 61.

## Works

* The Theory of Blackjack, 1979, Huntington Press, ISBN 0-915141-02-7
* Extra Stuff: Gambling Ramblings, 1991, Huntington Press, ISBN 0-929712-00-5
# Paokai Haokip

Paokai Haokip (February 1941 – June 6, 2021) was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Outer Manipur in the Lok Sabha the lower house of India's Parliament.
# Cho Hyang-mi

Cho Hyang-mi (born 15 April 1973) is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner.
She won a gold medal in welterweight at the 1995 World Taekwondo Championships, and another gold medal at the 1997 World Taekwondo Championships. She won a gold medal at the 1998 Asian Games, and a gold medal in lightweight at the 1999 World Taekwondo Championships in Edmonton.
# Ogahi

Ogahi (Sindhi: اوڳاھي; Punjabi: اوگاہی) is a land-owning tribe primarily living in the provinces of Sindh and Punjab, Pakistan. The majority lives in Sindh and Punjab while a small number is also present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. The Ogahi tribesmen speak Sindhi, Saraiki and Punjabi languages and are predominantly Muslims. They have the surnames Mir, Sardar, Jam, Khan and Mian.
In the early 21st century, the Ogahi were involved in a long-running dispute with the Teghani tribe, which started over the theft of cattle and resulted in at least 85 deaths on both sides.
# Modesto City–County Airport

Modesto City–County Airport (IATA: MOD, ICAO: KMOD, FAA LID: MOD) (Harry Sham Field) is two miles (3 km) southeast of Modesto in Stanislaus County, California, United States.

## History

Modesto City–County Airport was the nation's first municipally-owned airport, opening in 1918. At first, the airport southeast of, downtown Modesto was only 82 acres (33 ha); it moved in 1929 to the current location. On February 20, 1941, the city council voted to lease more land in order to obtain $185,000 in improvements by the Federal New Deal agency the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Over the years it grew to its present size of 435 acres (176 ha). The airport started with a single runway; a second was added in the 1950s. During World War II the airport was Modesto Auxiliary Airfield (No 3), and was an auxiliary training airfield for Stockton Army Airfield.
It was named Modesto Municipal Airport. On May 25, 1955, when Stanislaus County and the City of Modesto became partners in the airport, it was renamed Modesto City–County Airport. In October 1974 Harry Sham Field was added to the name to honor the airport manager that served from 1949 to 1968.
Scheduled passenger flights started in 1946 when United Airlines opened its new terminal and began the Valley Queen service. United served Modesto with Douglas DC-3s, Convair 340s and Douglas DC-6s and began Boeing 737-200 flights in 1968. United dropped Modesto in the winter of 1979–80, after the deregulation of the airline industry. Pacific Express flew BAC One-Elevens to Modesto in the 1980s.
On October 12, 1991, the Modesto City Council and Stanislaus Board of Supervisors rededicated the remodeled passenger terminal that was enlarged to 8,900 square feet (830 m$^2$). The remodeling project upgraded the building built by United Airlines.
In the 1990s, corporate and business aviation became the fastest growing activity at the airport; in 2001, Modesto was the base for at least eight corporate jets.
In mid-2006, United Express/SkyWest Airlines added four flights a day to/from LAX and a flight to SFO, to total five flights a day to San Francisco. Passenger counts had continued to grow. In 2002, passenger counts averaged 3,035 per month; over the first six months of 2007, passengers averaged 7,739 per month. In 2007, Modesto set a record: 51,587 passengers boarded.
In June 2008, SkyWest Airlines (United Express) flights to Los Angeles ended, and, on June 4, 2014, the airline ended its flights to San Francisco, leaving the airport with no airline flights.
In 2023, the Airport hosted the Commemorative Air Force Central California Valley Squadron which showcased planes from World War II.

## Facilities

The airport has two runways:
* 10L/28R: 5,904 x 150 ft (1,780 x 46 m) asphalt, pavements 60/200/400, HIRL, MALSR, PCL 9:00 p.m. – 7:00 a.m. (freq 125.3) VASI – RW 10L
* 10R/28L: 3,464 x 100 ft (1,056 x 30 m) asphalt, pavements 30/-/-, MIRL, not available when tower closed, PAPI – RW 10R/28L
# Gisa Hwanguk

The Gisa Hwanguk (Korean: 기사환국) occurred when the Westerners fell out of power after opposing the naming of a crown prince by Sukjong of Joseon. Prominent Westerner Song Si-yeol and others were executed. Shortly after, the Westerners split into Noron (Song's supporters within the Westerners) and Soron (Song's opponents within the Westerners).

## Background

In the late 17th century, the Westerners (Korean political faction) and Southerners (Korean political faction) were at odds in the political management of the ruling party. King Sukjong decided to abandon the previous system of party alliance and replace it frequently in order to stabilize his authority. In the beginning of King Sukjong's reign, the Southerners took the lead with the victory of the second Yesong. In response, the Westerners felt a sense of crisis as a political opponent of the Southerners, and the King Sukjong also had a sense of caution about the continuing rule of the Southerners. This was revealed in Hwanguk (the form of exchange party), including the Gyeongshin Hwanguk, Gisa Hwanguk, and Gapsul Hwanguk.
# Yanelis Labrada

Yanelis Yuliet Labrada Diaz (born October 8, 1981) is a taekwondo silver medalist from Cuba in the Women's Under 49 kg event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Diaz defeated Yaowapa Boorapolchai of Thailand in the quarter-finals and Euda Carias of Guatemala in the semifinals but was defeated in the finals by Chen Shih-hsin of Taiwan to win the silver medal.
Diaz won a silver medal at the 2003 World Taekwondo Championships and a bronze medal at the 2004 World Olympic Qualification Tournament.
# Ana López

Ana María Wilianis López García (born 28 August 1982) is a Cuban sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Yurisel Laborde

Yurisel Laborde Duanes (born 18 August 1979) is a judoka from Cuba. At the 2004 Summer Olympics she won a bronze medal in the women's Half Heavyweight (‍–‍78 kg) category, together with Lucia Morico of Italy. At the 2005 and 2007 World Championships Laborde won a gold medals in the same class.
# Ariannis Vichy

Ariannis Vichy Saladre (born 18 May 1989 in Santiago de Cuba) is a Cuban hammer thrower. She competed in the hammer throw event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

## Personal bests

* Hammer throw: 71.50 m – La Habana, 29 June 2012

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Cuba |||||
| 2007 | Pan American Junior Championships | São Paulo, Brazil | 2nd | 59.46 m |
| 2008 | World Junior Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 5th | 58.78 m |
| 2009 | ALBA Games | La Habana, Cuba | 4th | 66.09 m |
| 2009 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Havana, Cuba | 5th | 63.72 m |
| 2011 | ALBA Games | Barquisimeto, Venezuela | 2nd | 62.08 m |
| 2012 | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 25th (q) | 67.48 m |
| 2014 | Pan American Sports Festival | Ciudad de México, México | 4th | 68.74m A |
| 2015 | Pan American Games | Toronto, Canada | 6th | 65.60 m |
| 2015 | NACAC Championships | San José, Costa Rica | 5th | 66.60 m |
# Rosane Kirch

Rosane Kirch (born April 19, 1976, in Bacabal, Maranhão) is a female professional road cyclist from Brazil.

## Career
### 2003

    6th in Pan American Games, Road, Individual Time Trial, Santo Domingo (DOM)

### 2004

    62nd in UCI Road World Championships, Verona, Italy (ITA)

### 2005

    4th in Copa America de Ciclismo (BRA)

### 2006

    2nd in Copa America de Ciclismo (BRA)

### 2007

    3rd in Copa America de Ciclismo (BRA)

### 2008

    10th in Copa America de Ciclismo (BRA)
    2nd in GP Varazze Citta Delle Donne (ITA)
    2nd in Stage 3 Route de France Féminine, Les Settons (FRA)
    2nd in General Classification Route de France Féminine (FRA)

### 2009

    9th in Copa America de Ciclismo (BRA)
# Víctor Blanco

Víctor Blanco may refer to:
* Víctor Blanco de Rivera (fl. early 19th century), Mexican official and politician
* Víctor Manuel Blanco (1918–2011), Puerto Rican astronomer
# Good luck knot

The Good luck knot also known as the Chrysanthemum Knot and One Mind Knot can be seen in images carved on a statue of the East Asian Goddess of Mercy, Guanyin, which was created between AD 557 and 588, and later found in a cave in northwest China.
# Ernest Meyer

Ernest Victor Meyer (15 February 1865 – 28 June 1919) was a French show jumping champion. Meyer participated at the 1912 Summer Olympics held in Stockholm, where he earned a silver medal in team jumping with the French team.
# Katja Koroleva

Ekaterina "Katja" Koroleva (Russian: Екатерина «Катя» Королева; born March 20, 1987) is an international soccer referee for the Professional Referee Organization (PRO), which she joined in 2013. Born in the Soviet Union, she represents the United States.
She is also a mid-level practitioner at Cascade Valley Hospital in Arlington, Washington, United States. In April 2020, CONCACAF recognized Koroleva for her service as a frontline healthcare worker during the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Officiating
### Youth career

Koroleva began officiating at the age of 15 in order to help pay for youth soccer fees in the Midwest Regional League.

### Domestic leagues

Koroleva officiates matches in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and the United Soccer League as a referee, and in Major League Soccer as a video assistant referee. Koroleva was the center referee for the NWSL Championship in 2015 and 2023.

### International tournaments

In August 2016, Koroleva was appointed to be a referee at the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Jordan. She was appointed in August 2018 to referee at the 2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Uruguay.
Koroleva was appointed to be an official at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France. She also participated in the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup as a video assistant referee.
On January 9, 2023, FIFA appointed her to the officiating pool for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup in Australia and New Zealand. She was one of two center referees selected from the United States to participate in the tournament. She officiated the quarterfinals match between England and Colombia.

## Relatives

Koroleva was born in the Soviet Union, and her family migrated to Denmark, then to Iowa. Koroleva was raised by her single mother, Irina Koroleva, a geneticist and molecular biologist who migrated to the United States after being offered a research job at a university. Irina Koroleva also took up officiating soccer matches in the early 2000s.
# Alone (1935 song)

Alone is a popular musical number, first performed by Allan Jones and Kitty Carlisle in the 1935 Marx Brothers film A Night at the Opera.
The lyrics were written by Arthur Freed, with music by Nacio Herb Brown.
Popular versions in 1936 were by the Tommy Dorsey orchestra (vocal by Cliff Weston), Hal Kemp, and by Al Donahue (vocal by Harry McKinley).

## Other recordings

* Primo Scala's Accordion Band (vocal by Vera Lynn) (1936)
* Sam Costa - Regal Zonophone G22842 (Australian 78rpm pressing) (1936)
* Sarah Vaughan on her 1957 album At Mister Kelly's.
* Johnny Hartman on his 1959 album And I Thought About You.
* Pat Boone on his 1962 album, I'll See You in My Dreams
* Dinah Washington - for the album Unforgettable (1961)
* The Melachrino Strings -for the album More Music For Relaxation (1961)

## Popular culture

* The song was also performed by Judy Garland in the 1940 film Andy Hardy Meets Debutante.
# Songnisan National Park

Songnisan (Korean: 속리산) is a mountain in South Korea. The mountain and nine mountain peaks of the Sobaek Mountain range are part of Songnisan National Park. The park lies on the border between the provinces Chungcheongbuk-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do. It has an area of 274.541 square kilometres (106.001 sq mi) and was designated as Korea's sixth national park in 1970.

## History

According to Korean legend, Songnisan received its name during the period of Silla, when a monk named Jinpyoyulsa passed some farmers on his way up one of the mountains to the Buddhist temple Beopjusa (법주사). The farmers supposedly witnessed their oxen bowing their heads to him out of repentance. This incident inspired them to follow him to the temple to practice Buddhism themselves, and from then on the mountains were called Songnisan, or "mountain to leave the world."
Prior to this time, it had been referred to simply as Gubongsan (구봉산), meaning "nine peak mountain."

## Features

The park's most popular attraction is Beopjusa. It is one of Korea's largest Buddhist temples and was initially constructed in 553. They can also visit Jeongipumsong (정이품송), a pine tree known for having been awarded a political title by King Sejo in a famous folk tale.
Songnisan is home to a diverse set of wildlife, including mandarin ducks, otters, small-eared cats, martens, and black woodpeckers. Additionally, two endangered species live in the park - the Siberian flying squirrel and the Korean Berchemia, or buckthorn tree. Visitors who want to explore more of the park's scenery can hike along one of its many trails.
# Kang Haeng-suk

Kang Haeng-suk (born 20 May 1961) is a retired female badminton player from South Korea.

## Career

She won the bronze medal at the 1985 IBF World Championships in women's doubles with Hwang Sun-ae.
# Lee Ailesa

Lee Ailesa (born 15 August 1954) is a former female international table tennis player from South Korea.

## Table tennis career

She won a gold medal in the Corbillon Cup (women's Team event) at the 1973 World Table Tennis Championships with Chung Hyun-sook, Kim Soon-ok and Park Mi-ra for South Korea.
In addition she won three more World Championship medals; a team bronze in 1971 and two team silver medals in 1975 and 1977 ,won also gold Swedish Open Championships (SOC) 1972 in Sweden respectively.