# Kiyoshi Kurosawa

Kiyoshi Kurosawa (黒沢 清, Kurosawa Kiyoshi, born July 19, 1955) is a Japanese film director, screenwriter, film critic, author, actor, and professor at Tokyo University of the Arts.
Noted for his psychological films that often focus on ambiguous narratives and on their characters' inner turmoils and quests for meaning and connections, he is best known for his contributions to psychological horror and Japanese horror, notably his acclaimed 1997 film Cure, although he has also worked in a variety of other genres. While most of his work has been in Japanese, two of his films, Daguerrotype (2016) and Serpent's Path (2024; a remake of his own 1998 film of the same name), were in French.

## Early life and education

Born in Kobe on July 19, 1955, Kiyoshi Kurosawa started making films about his life in high school.
He studied at Rikkyo University in Tokyo under the guidance of prominent film critic Shigehiko Hasumi, where he began making 8mm films.
He is not related to director Akira Kurosawa.

## Career

Kurosawa began directing commercially in the 1980s, working on pink films and low-budget V-Cinema (direct-to-video) productions such as formula yakuza films. In 1981, his 8mm film Shigarami Gakuen (しがらみ学園) was nominated for the Oshima Prize at the PFF (Pia Film Festival). In 1983, after he worked with Shinji Soumai, he released his first feature film Kandagawa Pervert Wars (1983). He became popular after The Excitement of the Do-Re-Mi-Fa Girl (1985) and The Guard from Underground (1992).
In the early 1990s, Kurosawa won a scholarship to the Sundance Institute by submitting his original screen play Charisma. Then, he was able to study filmmaking in the United States, although he had been directing for nearly ten years professionally.
Kurosawa first achieved international acclaim with his 1997 crime thriller film Cure. A year later, he completed two thrillers back-to-back, Serpent's Path and Eyes of the Spider, both of which shared the same premise (a father taking revenge for his child's murder) and lead actor (Show Aikawa) but spun entirely different stories. In March 1999, the Hong Kong International Film Festival presented his first retrospective, a five-title-program including The Excitement of the Do-re-mi fa Girls, The Guard from Underground, Serpent's Path, Eyes of the Spider, and License to Live.
Kurosawa followed up Cure with a semi-sequel in 1999 with Charisma, a detective film starring Kōji Yakusho. In 2000, Seance, Kurosawa's adaptation of the novel Seance on a Wet Afternoon by Mark McShane, premiered on Kansai TV. It also starred Yakusho, as well as Jun Fubuki (the two had appeared together in Charisma as well). In 2001, he directed the horror film Pulse. Kurosawa released Bright Future, starring Tadanobu Asano, Joe Odagiri and Tatsuya Fuji, in 2003. He followed this with another digital feature, Doppelganger, later the same year. Both Bright Future and Doppelganger have nominated for the Cannes Film Festivals
In 2005, Kurosawa returned with Loft, his first love story since Seance. Another horror film, Retribution, followed in the next year. With his 2008 film, Tokyo Sonata, Kurosawa was considered to step "out of his usual horror genre and into family drama."
He has written a novelization of his own film Pulse, as well as a history of horror cinema with Makoto Shinozaki.
In September 2012, it was announced that he would direct 1905, a film starring Tony Leung Chiu-Wai, Shota Matsuda and Atsuko Maeda. In February 2013, it was announced that production of the film had been cancelled before filming could start.
Kurosawa directed a 2012 five-part television drama Penance. Beautiful 2013, an anthology film featuring Kurosawa's Beautiful New Bay Area Project, screened at the Hong Kong International Film Festival in 2013.
Kurosawa's next feature film Real, which stars Takeru Sato and Haruka Ayase, was released in 2013. He won the Best Director award at the 8th Rome Film Festival for Seventh Code later that year.
His 2015 film Journey to the Shore was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival where he won the prize for Best Director.
In 2016, his thriller Creepy premiered at the 66th Berlin International Film Festival. The film marked Kurosawa's first cinematic return to the horror genre since 2006.
His 2017 film Before We Vanish was screened in the Un Certain Regard category at the Cannes Film Festival.
His 2019 film To the Ends of the Earth was screened as the closing film in the Piazza Grande program of the 72nd Locarno Film Festival.
In 2020, Kurosawa won the Silver Lion for Best Direction at the 77th Venice International Film Festival for his film Wife of a Spy.
In December 2023, alongside 50 other filmmakers, Kurosawa signed an open letter published in Libération demanding a ceasefire and an end to the killing of civilians amid the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, and for a humanitarian corridor into Gaza to be established for humanitarian aid, and the release of hostages.

## Style and influences

Kurosawa's directing style has been compared to those of Stanley Kubrick and Andrei Tarkovsky, though he has never expressly listed those directors as influences. In an interview, he claimed that Alfred Hitchcock and Yasujirō Ozu contributed to shaping his personal vision of the medium. He has also expressed admiration for American film directors such as Don Siegel, Sam Peckinpah, Robert Aldrich, Richard Fleischer, and Tobe Hooper.
In a 2009 interview with IFC, Kurosawa talked about the reason why he has cast the actor Kōji Yakusho in many of his films: "He has similar values and sensitivities. We’re from the same generation. That’s a big reason why I enjoy working with him on the set."
According to Tim Palmer, Kurosawa's films occupy a peculiar position between the materials of mass genre, on the one hand, and esoteric or intellectual abstraction, on the other. They also clearly engage with issues of environmental critique, given Kurosawa's preference for shooting in decaying open spaces, abandoned (and often condemned) buildings, and in places rife with toxins, pestilence and entropy.
In an interview with the Tokyo Art University, where he is a professor, Kurosawa talks about not wanting his directorial style to be too fixed. The interviewer makes reference to Kurosawa's versatility when they talk about Clint Eastwood; Kurosawa says he admires people who can do many things and that he doesn't box himself into one style or one theme. When asked what he wants to try next, he answered: "The next thing I want to do is something I have never done." Kurosawa also mentions that he has seen many films since he was young, and that he knows there are many great films from around the world. Those films motivate him to be a better filmmaker; he always asks himself how to make films that will be memorable for a long time.
In the same article by the Tokyo Art University, Kurosawa names film critic Hasumi Shigehiko as a mentor and early influence in his filmmaking career. Much of Hasumi's influence would go on to shape the core of Kurosawa's filmography. Kurosawa met Hasumi in University, where he was one of the few students to finish his course, and credits Hasumi with teaching him that film is worth dedicating your entire life to. Hasumi and Kurosawa believe that every element of the film matters and should be meticulously planned. Kurosawa has also stated that one of his goals as a filmmaker is to share Hasumi's teachings.

## Filmography
### Feature films

* Kandagawa Pervert Wars (1983)
* The Excitement of the Do-Re-Mi-Fa Girl AKA: Bumpkin Soup (1985)
* Sweet Home (1989)
* The Guard from Underground (1992)
* Cure (1997)
* License to Live (1998)
* Charisma (1999)
* Barren Illusion (1999)
* Pulse (2001)
* Bright Future (2003)
* Doppelganger (2003)
* Kazuo Umezu's Horror Theater: House of Bugs (2005)
* Loft (2005)
* Retribution (2006)
* Tokyo Sonata (2008)
* Real (2013)
* Seventh Code (2013)
* 1905 (cancelled)
* Journey to the Shore (2015)
* Creepy (2016)
* Daguerrotype (2016)
* Before We Vanish (2017)
* Foreboding (2017)
* To the Ends of the Earth (2019)
* Wife of a Spy: Theatrical Edition (2020)
* Chime (2024)
* Serpent's Path (2024)
* Cloud (2024)

### Short films

* Vertigo College (1980)
* Ghost Cop (2003)
* Beautiful New Bay Area Project (2013)

### V-Cinema

* Yakuza Taxi (1994)
* Men of Rage (1994)
* Suit Yourself or Shoot Yourself: The Heist (1995)
* Suit Yourself or Shoot Yourself: The Escape (1995)
* Door 3 (1996)
* Suit Yourself or Shoot Yourself: The Loot (1996)
* Suit Yourself or Shoot Yourself: The Gamble (1996)
* Suit Yourself or Shoot Yourself: The Nouveau Riche (1996)
* Suit Yourself or Shoot Yourself: The Hero (1996)
* The Revenge: A Visit from Fate (1997)
* The Revenge: A Scar That Never Fades (1997)
* Eyes of the Spider (1998)
* Serpent's Path (1998)

### DVD

* Soul Dancing (2004)

### Television

* Wordholic Prisoner (1990)
* Whirlpool of Joy (1992)
* Seance (2000)
* Matasaburo, the Wind Imp (2003)
* Penance (2012)
* Foreboding (2017)
* Wife of a Spy (2020)
* Modern Love Tokyo (2022, episode 5)

### Acting credits

* The Funeral (1984) – Assistant director
* The Legend of the Stardust Brothers (1985) – Customer
* The Enchantment (1989) – Librarian
* Stranger at Night (1991) – Taxi rider
* Reincarnation (2005) – College professor
* Occult (2009) – Himself

### Music videos

* Marquees – Tongati Musume (1991)
* Sōtaisei Riron – Flashback (2016)
* Nogizaka46 – Actually... (2022)