OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Llandrillo, Denbighshire

Llandrillo (or, in full, Llandrillo yn Edeirnion) is a small village and community in the Edeirnion area of Denbighshire in Wales, between Bala, and Corwen on the B4401 road. It was historically in the county of Merionethshire, and has a population of 580. The community includes the hamlets of Cadwst and Pennant.

## Landmarks

Llandrillo contains St Trillo's Church, Llandrillo County Primary School (now closed), a village hall, The Berwyn pub, and the Dudley Arms.
Saint Trillo who came from Brittany with other missionaries founded St Trillo's Church on a mound next to the Ceidiog stream close to its confluence with the River Dee. The Grade II listed church was rebuilt in 1776, replacing an earlier medieval structure and underwent restoration in 1852 and 1885–1887, in the latter the porch, chancel and vestry were added and the nave and many fittings replaced or partly replaced.
The Dudley Arms is an 18th-century inn. New owners in 2015 extensively refurbished the building. 1 and 2 Berwyn House are Grade II listed buildings which were remodelled in the late 19th century and given new doors and windows. No's 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12 High Street in Llandrillo are Grade II listed buildings. The war memorial in front of the village/community hall is also a Grade II listed building.
Branas Uchaf, on the northern side of the River Dee is a Grade II* listed building, originally built of stone in the 15th century and remodelled in the 16th–17th centuries with two large external stacks, a fireplace and stone mullioned windows. In the 18th century an upper floor was added and a service wing added on the eastern side.

## Governance

An electoral ward in the same name exists. This includes the community of Cynwyd with a total population of 1,122.
# Grabacz, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Grabacz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rybno, within Działdowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Rybno, 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Działdowo, and 63 km (39 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Grabek, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Grabek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mikołajki, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Mathías Laborda

Mathías Nicolás Laborda Malseñido (born 15 September 1999) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a right-back or centre-back for Major League Soccer club Vancouver Whitecaps.

## Club career

Before making his professional debut. Laborda has been scouted several times by the Spanish football club Barcelona.
Laborda made his professional debut on 8 May 2019, in a 1–1 draw against Cerro Porteño. He came in as a substitute in the 55th minute of the match.
He made his league debut on 28 July 2019, in a 4-2 win against Club Atlético Progreso. He played all 90 minutes and scored one of the goals.
On 9 January 2023, it was announced that Laborda would join Major League Soccer side Vancouver Whitecaps on a 3-year deal.

## International career

As a youth international, Laborda has represented Uruguay at the 2019 South American U-20 Championship and the 2020 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament.

## Honors

Nacional U20
* U-20 Copa Libertadores: 2018
Nacional
* Uruguayan Primera División: 2020, 2022
* Supercopa Uruguaya: 2021
Vancouver Whitecaps
* Canadian Championship: 2023, 2024
# Grabowo, Gołdap County

Grabowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołdap, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-west of Gołdap and 124 km (77 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in the historic region of Masuria.

## History

The local church was founded in 1589. In the late 19th century, the village had a population of 521.
# So Sim-hyang

So Sim-hyang (Korean: 서심향; born on 1 July 1992) is a freestyle wrestler from North Korea. She competed in 48 kg division, but in 2013 she moved to the 51 kg division. She was the gold medalist at the 2010 Asian Games and three times Asian Championships bronze medalist. She also has two world Championship bronze medals under her name. So is also considered the best female wrestler of North Korea. She represents the Amnokgang Sports Team.
# Won Ok-im

Won Ok-im (Korean pronunciation:; born 6 November 1986) is a North Korean judoka.
She won a bronze medal in the half-middleweight category (‍–‍63 kg) at the 2006 Asian Games, having defeated Tümen-Odyn Battögs of Mongolia in the bronze medal match. Won also won a bronze medal at 2008 Olympic Games.
She currently resides in Pyongyang.
# Grodziczno, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Grodziczno is a village in Nowe Miasto County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Grodziczno. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Nowe Miasto Lubawskie and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## History

The village was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 through the First Partition of Poland. Part of the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–13) during the Napoleonic Wars, the village was again annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the dissolution of the duchy, and from 1871 it was also part of the German Empire. It was one of the few villages in the German Empire to retain its Polish name. On 19 January 1920, following the Treaty of Versailles, the village was reintegrated with Poland which just regained independence following World War I.
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1940, the occupiers carried out expulsions of Poles from the village.
# Barium oxalate

Barium oxalate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula BaC$_2$O$_4$. It is a barium salt of oxalic acid. It consists of barium cations Ba$^{2+}$ and oxalate anions C$_2$O2−4. It is a white odorless powder that is sometimes used as a green pyrotechnic colorant generally in specialized pyrotechnic compositions containing magnesium metal powder. Flame color is rich and vivid without additional chlorine donors. Such compositions burn rate is satisfied without commonly used oxidizers as nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates.

## Properties

Though largely stable, barium oxalate can be reactive with strong acids. A mild skin irritant, the compound is considered toxic when ingested, causing nausea, vomiting, kidney failure, and injury to the gastrointestinal tract.
It is different from most pyrotechnic colorants in that it is a reducing agent and not an oxidizing agent. It is extremely insoluble in water and converts to barium oxide when heated.

## Preparation

The raw materials that are required to prepare barium oxalate are oxalic acid and barium hydroxide (or its octahydrate).
It can also be prepared by using an oxalic acid solution and a barium chloride solution, with the reaction as follows:
    BaCl$_2$ + H$_2$C$_2$O$_4$ → BaC$_2$O$_4$↓ + 2 HCl
# Llantysilio

Llantysilio (Welsh: Llandysilio-yn-Iâl) is a community in Denbighshire, Wales, near Llangollen. It has a population of 472, falling to 421 at the 2011 census.
The community includes the site of Valle Crucis Abbey, the Horseshoe Pass, and Llantysilio Hall; it also includes the villages of Pentredwr and Rhewl, as well as the areas of Eglwyseg, Llandynan, and Llidiart Annie.
# O Il

O Il (born 1 January 1978) is a North Korean table tennis player. He competed in the men's singles event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Gryżewo

Gryżewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Banie Mazurskie, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Banie Mazurskie, 17 km (11 mi) west of Gołdap, and 117 km (73 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Grądzik, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Grądzik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Górowo Iławeckie, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Górowo Iławeckie, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Bartoszyce, and 66 km (41 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Alexander Wefald

Alexander Wefald (born November 25, 1978) is a Norwegian sprint canoer who competed in the mid-2000s. He finished fifth in the K-4 1000 m event at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
# Górne, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Górne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gołdap, within Gołdap County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Gołdap and 139 km (86 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in the historic region of Masuria.
For centuries, the population of the village was Polish by ethnicity, and Protestant by confession. The local church was built in the 17th century.

## Transport

The Polish National road 65 runs nearby, west of the village.
# Gąsior

Gąsior is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ruciane-Nida, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Ruciane-Nida, 21 km (13 mi) north-west of Pisz, and 70 km (43 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Shin Chang-jae

Shin Chang-jae (Korean: 신창재; born 1953 or 1954) is a Korean businessman, the chairman and CEO of Kyobo Life Insurance Company.
He is among the richest people in South Korea. In April 2024, Forbes estimated his net wealth at US$1.09 billion and ranked him 34th richest in the country.

## Early life

He is the son of Shin Yong-ho, who founded Kyobo Life Insurance Company in 1958. Shin received a doctorate from Seoul National University.

## Career

He trained as an obstetrician and worked as a professor at the Seoul National University medical school. He has been chairman and CEO of Kyobo Life Insurance Company since 2000. In June 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$2.3 billion.

## Personal life

He is married with two sons and lives in Seoul, South Korea.
# Ben Hanks

Benjamin Ujean Hanks (born July 31, 1972) is an American former professional football linebacker who played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Minnesota Vikings and Detroit Lions. He played college football at Florida. He was also a member of the Rhein Fire of NFL Europe and the New York/New Jersey Hitmen of the XFL.

## Early life

Benjamin Ujean Hanks was born on July 31, 1972, in Miami, Florida. He attended Miami Senior High School, lettering in football, baseball, and track. In football, he earned all-state and Dade County MVP honors.

## College career

Hanks was a member of the Florida Gators from 1991 to 1995. He was redshirted in 1991. He was then a four-year letterman from 1992 to 1995. He garnered Associated Press (AP) second-team and Coaches first-team All-SEC recognition as a junior in 1994. He was named first-team All-SEC by both the AP and the coaches his senior year in 1995. He set a school record for longest fumble return touchdown with a 95-yarder. He graduated from Florida with a degree in public recreation.

## Professional career

After going undrafted in the 1996 NFL draft, Hanks signed with the Minnesota Vikings on April 22. He played in 12 games for the Vikings during the 1996 season, recording three solo tackles and two assisted tackles, before being placed on injured reserve on December 20, 1996. He was waived by the Vikings in 1997.
Hanks was claimed off waivers by the Detroit Lions on August 25, 1997. He appeared in two games during the 1997 season before being waived on September 30. He was re-signed by the Lions on December 23 and later played in one playoff game for them that year. Hanks became a free agent after the season and re-signed with the team on March 26, 1998. He was waived on August 25, 1998.
Hanks played for the Rhein Fire of NFL Europe in 1999, totaling 19 defensive tackles, six special teams tackles, one sack, and two forced fumbles.
Hanks played in nine games, starting five, for the New York/New Jersey Hitmen of the XFL in 2001, posting 17 tackles and one sack.

## Personal life

In December 2024, Hanks' son, Ben Hanks Jr., committed to play college football for the Florida Gators.
# Mamadou Touré Thiam

Mamadou Touré (born 22 October 1992, in Senegal), also known as Thiam Mamadou, is a Senegalese footballer.
# Youssouph Badji

Youssouph Mamadou Badji (born 20 December 2001) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Danish Superliga club AGF.

## Club career

On 30 August 2021, he joined Brest in Ligue 1 for a season-long loan.
On 31 January 2022, Badji moved on a new 1.5-year loan to Charleroi, with an option to buy. On 6 July 2023, Charleroi confirmed that they had signed the forward on an initial three-year contract.
On 2 September 2024, Badji signed for Danish Superliga club AGF on a five-year contract.

## International career

Badji made his senior debut for Senegal in August 2019, playing in a 2020 African Nations Championship qualification match against Liberia.

## Honours

Senegal
* WAFU Nations Cup : 2019
Club Brugge
* Belgian First Division A: 2020–21
* Belgian Super Cup: 2021
# Pape Mar Boye

Pape Mar Boye (born December 30, 2003) is a Senegalese footballer who plays for USL Championship club Phoenix Rising FC.

## Early life

Boye began playing youth soccer in Senegal with Galaxy Football Academy. he moved to the United States for his junior year of high school, where he attended Montverde Academy.

## College career

In 2023, Boyé began attending Clemson University, where he played for the men's soccer team. On September 5, 2023, he scored his first collegiate goal in a victory over the Presbyterian Blue Hose. He helped the team win the 2023 NCAA title, being named the Most Outstanding Defensive Player of the tournament, as well as to the All-Tournament team. He was also named to the Atlantic Coast Conference All-Freshman Team and the All-ACC Third Team.

## Club career

Following his college career, he declined a Generation Adidas contract with Major League Soccer ahead of the 2024 MLS SuperDraft and instead chose to sign with Phoenix Rising FC of the USL Championship on January 9, 2024. He made his professional debut on March 9, 2024, in a league match against the Birmingham Legion. He scored his first goal on July 19, 2024, in a 2-0 victory over El Paso Locomotive FC.

## International career

In 2021, Boye played with the Senegal national beach soccer team at the 2021 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

## Honours

Clemson University
* NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament: 2023
# The Visible Hand

The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business is a book by American business historian Alfred D. Chandler Jr., published by the Belknap Press imprint of Harvard University Press in 1977. Chandler argues that in the nineteenth century, Adam Smith's invisible hand was supplanted by the "visible hand" of middle management, which became "the most powerful institution in the American economy".
The Visible Hand was awarded the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for History and the Bancroft Prize of Columbia University.

## Chandler's eight propositions

Chandler uses eight propositions to show how and why the visible hand of management replaced what Adam Smith referred to as the invisible hand of the market forces:
* that the US modern multi-unit business replaced small traditional enterprises, when administrative coordination permitted better profits than market coordination;
* that a managerial hierarchy has been created for this multi-unit business enterprise;
* that the multi-unit business enterprise appeared for the first time in history at a time when the volume of economic activities reached a level that made administrative coordination more efficient than market coordination;
* that once a managerial hierarchy was created and successfully carried out its functions of administrative coordination, the hierarchy itself became a source of power, permanence and continued growth;
* that the careers of salaried managers became increasingly professional and technical;
* that the multi-unit business enterprise grew in size and diversity, and as its managers became more professional, the management of the enterprise became separated from its ownership;
* that managers preferred policies that favored long term stability and growth of their enterprises to those that maximized current profits;
* that as large enterprises grew and dominated major sectors of the economy, they altered the basic structure of these sectors and of the economy as a whole.
# Huang Nubo

Huang Nubo (Chinese: 黄怒波; born 1956) is a Chinese real estate developer, entrepreneur, poet, and mountaineer who founded and remains Chairman of Beijing Zhongkun Investment Group. According to Hurun Report, his net worth is US$2.3 billion as of 2014, ranking 90th among the 400 richest Chinese.
Born in Lanzhou, Gansu province, Huang grew up in Yinchuan, Ningxia. From 1977 to 1981, he studied at Peking University's Chinese Language department, receiving a bachelor's degree. From 1981 to 1990, Huang worked in the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. From 1996 to 1998, he studied for his Executive Master of Business Administration, which he received from the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS).
Huang began writing poetry in 1976, and has released several collections, including "Do not love me again" (Chinese: 不要再爱我), "Refusing melancholy" (Chinese: 拒绝忧郁) in 1995, and his most recent "Rabbits and other small creatures" (Chinese: 小兔子及其他). He also released in 2005 the short story "The blue sun" (Chinese: 蓝太阳).
As a mountaineer, Huang has ascended several of the world's highest peaks, including Mount Kilimanjaro in 2005 and Mount Everest in 2008. Huang is also a polar expedition enthusiast.
In August 2011, Huang caused a stir in Iceland when he proposed to buy 300 kilometres (190 mi) of the island, encompassing 0.3% of the country, to develop a $200 million property with a "120-room hotel, airport, golf course and horse-riding facilities." The proposal was met with skepticism in Iceland.
Currently, he is the chairman of Beijing Zhongkun Investment Group, director of the Chinese Poetry Association (Chinese: 中国诗歌学会), and vice-president of the Chinese Mountaineers Society (Chinese: 中国登山协会).
Huang has given over 1 billion renminbi to charity.
# Phanthog

Phanthog, also known as Phantog (Tibetan: ཕན་ཐོགས་, Wylie: phan-thogs) and Pan Duo (Chinese: 潘多), was a Tibetan mountaineer. She is known for being the first woman to summit Mount Everest via its North Face route, the first Chinese woman to summit Everest, and the second woman to reach the summit, after Junko Tabei.

## Biography

Phanthog was born in 1939 into a serf family in rural Tibet. After her father died when she was eight, she was forced to help her mother support the family by working long days performing backbreaking manual labor.
While working in a factory, Phanthog was chosen to be part of the Chinese female mountaineering team at the age of 20 because of her excellent physical condition. Her 1959 ascent of Muztagh Ata in Xinjiang, with an elevation of 7,509 meters (24,636 ft), broke the record for the highest altitude reached by a female mountaineer.
After summiting Everest in 1975, Phanthog served as a deputy in the National People's Congress for five terms and became vice director of the Wuxi Sports Administration in 1981. She returned to Everest in 2008 at the age of 70 by hiking to Everest Base Camp to celebrate the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She was also one of eight former athletes chosen that year to carry the Olympic flag into the Olympics opening ceremony. In 2009, she was honored by China's State General Administration of Sports as one of the 60 most influential Chinese athletes since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
She died on March 31, 2014, at the age of 75 due to complications related to diabetes.

## 1975 Everest climb

Alongside eight other members of a Chinese-Tibetan expedition, Phanthog summited Mount Everest on May 27, 1975. She became the second woman to successfully climb Everest, reaching the summit only 11 days after Junko Tabei's ascent via the southeast ridge route, and the first woman to climb it from the Tibetan side.
The nine summiters were part of an 18-person "victory team," of which Phanthog was deputy leader, that had set out from Everest Base Camp 10 days prior. Although two other women had climbed to 8,300 meters (27,200 ft), they began suffering from altitude sickness and had to be evacuated (along with seven men), leaving Phanthog as the only woman remaining in the team.
The team was at the summit of Everest for 70 minutes. While at the top, Phanthog spent seven minutes performing an ECG test as a medical experiment. Lead I of her test, which showed nothing unusual, was then sent to base camp via telemetry.
Phanthog lost three of her toes to frostbite as a result of the climb. She recognized the example that she set for women and for female mountaineers, later saying: "Chinese women have a strong will; difficulties can't stop us. We climbed the highest peak in the world; we really hold up half the sky."

## Personal life

Phanthog was married to Deng Jiashan, the political commissar of the Chinese national mountaineering team and later a middle school headmaster in Wuxi. Her husband accompanied her on the 1975 Everest expedition, although he did not reach the summit. The couple had three children.
# Who's The King?

"Who's the King?" is a song by the American band Dog Eat Dog. It was released as a single in 1995 by Roadrunner Records. Darryl Jenifer from the legendary punk band Bad Brains, makes a vocal appearance in the song.

## Commercial performance

The song and its music video were a solid success in Europe. The music video was in rotation on MTV Europe, and the song peaked at no. 34 in Sweden.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| Swedish Singles (Sverigetopplistan) | 34 |