OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alan M. Roberts

Alan Madoc Roberts (born 1941) is an English academic serving as Emeritus professor of Zoology in the School of Biological Sciences at the University of Bristol.

## Education

Roberts was educated at Rugby School and the University of Cambridge, where he studied Natural Sciences (Zoology) at Trinity College, Cambridge. He went on to study at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) where he was awarded a PhD in 1967 for research supervised by Theodore Holmes Bullock on the escape response of Crayfish.

## Awards and honours

Roberts was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015. His certificate of election reads:
   Alan Roberts is a distinguished electrophysiologist, neuroanatomist and student of animal behaviour. His sustained investigation of the circuitry that underlies behaviour in amphibian tadpoles has transformed our understanding of a spinal network generating rhythmic movement and its regulation by sensory and descending inputs. Inspired by Coghill to work with simple networks in an embryonic vertebrate, his detailed cell by cell analysis provides unique insights into the developmental origins of connectivity and its functional significance.
# World Chicken Festival

The World Chicken Festival is an annual event held in downtown London, Kentucky, in Laurel County, on the last weekend in September. The festival celebrates the life of Colonel Sanders, founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken. Laurel County is the home to the original KFC restaurant in Corbin, Kentucky, founded in the 1940s.

## History and events

The Chicken Festival began in 1990 to celebrate the life of Harland Sanders. The Chicken Festival features many events centered around chicken and KFC such as an egg drop, Colonel Sanders look-a-like contest, and a "Run for the Roost" 5K.
No festival was planned in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Largest frying pan

The festival features the world's largest stainless steel skillet. With a diameter of 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m), the hefty pan can cook 600 chicken quarters at one time.
# WER

WER or Wer may refer to:
* Wer (god), an Akkadian god
* Wer (film), a 2013 horror film
* Were, an archaic term for adult men
* Weak echo region, in meteorology, an area of markedly lower reflectivity within thunderstorms resulting from an increase in updraft strength
* Werribee railway station, Melbourne
* Western Entrance to the Riedbahn, the western approach of the Riedbahn in Mannheim, Germany
* Wiki Educational Resources Limited, the legal name of the first Wikimedia UK chapter
* Windows Error Reporting, a feature of Windows XP and later operating systems
* Word error rate, in computational linguistics, a common metric of measuring the performance of a speech recognition system
# Sam Twiston-Davies

Sam Twiston-Davies (born 15 October 1992) is a British National Hunt racing jockey who has multiple Grade 1 and Cheltenham Festival wins to his name.

## Background

Twiston-Davies comes from a racing background. His father is trainer Nigel Twiston-Davies and his mother is a former point-to-point rider. Younger brother William Twiston-Davies is also a former jockey. Twiston Davies grew up in Naunton, Gloucestershire and attended The Cotswold School. As a sixteen-year-old amateur rider, Twiston-Davies rode Baby Run, trained by his father, into third place in the Foxhunter Chase at the 2009 Cheltenham Festival. The following year the pair won the race. In April 2010, he was granted special dispensation by the British Horseracing Authority to ride in the Grand National, although he was one win short of the 15 required to qualify for the race. He finished fifth on Hello Bud, trained by his father.

## Professional jockey

In the 2010/11 season he won the Conditional Jockeys championship.
His first century was in the 2013/14 season when he had 115 winners from 774 rides.
Paul Nicholls announced on 28 April 2014 that Sam would be his principal jockey in the 2014/15 season.
In the 2015 Cheltenham Festival he had a day two double, the Queen Mother Champion Chase with Dodging Bullets and with Aux Ptits Soins in the Coral Cup.
In 2016 he had double on day one of the Cheltenham Festival with wins in the Fred Winter Juvenile Novices' Handicap Hurdle and Champion Bumper. On Friday he won the Grand Annual Chase for his third win at the 2016 Cheltenham Festival. In April 2016 he won the Scottish Grand National on Vincente.
In April 2017 he won the Scottish Grand National again on Vincente.
In May 2018 Sam announced he would become freelance.
In 2023 he rode well on The Real Whacker and in turn won the Brown Advisory Novices' Chase (Grade 1) race.

## Cheltenham Festival winners

Cheltenham Festival winners (7) :
| Year | Race | Mount |
| 2010 | St James's Place Foxhunter Chase | Baby Run |
| 2013 | Baring Bingham Novices' Hurdle | The New One |
| 2015 | Queen Mother Champion Chase | Dodging Bullets |
| 2015 | Coral Cup | Aux Ptits Soins |
| 2016 | Fred Winter Juvenile Novices' Handicap Hurdle | Diego du Charmil |
| 2016 | Champion Bumper | Ballyandy |
| 2016 | Grand Annual Chase | Solar Impulse |
| 2023 | Broadway Novices' Chase | The Real Whacker |

## Major wins

Great Britain
* Formby Novices' Hurdle - (1) Potters Charm (2024)
Ireland
* Punchestown Gold Cup - (1) - Clan des Obeaux (2021)
France
* Grande Course de Haies d'Auteuil - (1) Ptit Zig (2016)
# George Espeut

George Espeut (8 December 1917 – 28 December 1991) was a Jamaican weightlifter. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Tumidotheres maculatus

Tumidotheres maculatus is a species of crab that lives commensally or parasitically in the mantle cavity of molluscs. It is found along much of the western Atlantic Ocean and was first described by Thomas Say in 1818.

## Distribution

Tumidotheres maculatus has a wide range in the western Atlantic Ocean, extending from the seas of Martha's Vineyard (United States) to San Matías Gulf (Argentina).

## Description

There is conspicuous sexual dimorphism in T. maculatus which corresponds with the differing ecology of the two sexes. Males are typically less than 6 millimetres (0.24 in) in carapace width, and are able to leave the host. Females grow up to 16 mm (0.63 in) wide, and, having reached adulthood, spend their entire lives in the host.

## Ecology

Tumidotheres maculatus is an endosymbiont of molluscs; it is unclear whether the host is harmed by the crabs presence, that is whether the relationship is commensal or parasitic. It is associated with a wide range of mollusc hosts, most of which are bivalves. They include Argopecten irradians, Atrina rigida, Modiolus americanus, Mytilus edulis and Flexopecten felipponei. It has also been found in a tunicate of the genus Molgula, in the tubes of the tubeworm Chaetopterus variopedatus and on the asteroid (starfish) Asterias rubens.
In molluscan hosts, T. maculatus uses its legs to cling to the gills of its host, and feeds on strands of food aggregated by the host. Reported rates of infestation of T. maculatus on mollusc hosts vary widely, from 0%–20% on Argopecten irradians at St. Joseph Bay, Florida, to 97.6% on Mytilus edulis at Quicks Hole, Massachusetts.

## Taxonomy

Tumidotheres maculatus was first described by Thomas Say in 1818, under the name Pinnotheres maculatus. It was transferred to the new genus Tumidotheres, alongside T. margarita by Ernesto Campos in 1989. It may be the species referred to by Carl Linnaeus as Cancer parasiticus in his 1763 work Centuria Insectorum, and the one he called Cancer pinnophylax in the 1767 12th edition of Systema Naturae.
# Gierłoż Polska

Gierłoż Polska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubawa, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) east of Iława and 53 km (33 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Chmielewo, Giżycko County

Chmielewo is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kruklanki, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# William Chawner

William Chawner (born February 1848 at Macclesfield, Cheshire, died 29 March 1911, at Vence, Alpes Maritimes) was an educational reformer and the first layman to be appointed as Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

## Life

The son of William Chawner, vicar of Crich from 1855 to 1875, Chawner was educated at Rossall School before matriculating in 1867 at Emmanuel College and graduating as a prizeman in classics in 1871.
Other than a brief period as Assistant Master at Winchester College in 1874, Chawner's life was dedicated to Emmanuel where he became a Fellow in 1871, tutor (1875–90) and master from 1895 until his death in 1911. During his tutorship the college entered upon a period of remarkable growth; as master he was largely instrumental in establishing a scheme of Exhibitions for students preparing for work in elementary schools, in connection with the Day Training College.
A paper, Prove All Things, written by Chawner and read by him to a religious discussion society at Emmanuel in 1909, led to the formation of the Heretics Society.
Chawner served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge from 1899 to 1901.
# A Social Cub

A Social Cub is a 1916 short silent comedy film directed by Clarence G. Badger and starring Gloria Swanson.

## Cast

* Elizabeth De Witt
* Gonda Durand
* Harry Gribbon
* Reggie Morris
* Blanche Payson
* Della Pringle
* Gloria Swanson
* Josef Swickard
* Bobby Vernon as Bobby

## Preservation

The existence of surviving prints is unknown.
# Yukiko Tsukuba

Yukiko Tsukuba (June 10, 1906 – early June 1977; in Japanese: 筑波雪子 , or kana: つくば ゆきこ ) was a Japanese actress on stage, in silent films, and in early sound films. She was also the All-Japan women's billiards champion in 1929.

## Early life

Tsukuba was born in Tokyo. She trained as a geisha, and became an internationally publicized beauty and film star while she was still in her teens.

## Career

Tsukuba began her screen career at the Shochiku studio. She worked with directors including Yasujiro Shimazu, Hiroshi Shimizu, Yoshinobu Ikeda, Heinosuke Gosho, Kiyohiko Ushihara, Buntaro Futagawa, Torajiro Saito, and Mikio Naruse. She was dubbed "the Mary Pickford of Japan" in a 1926 American newspaper.
With actor Tsuzuya Moroguchi, Tsukuba started a short-lived production company, in 1927. In 1929, she won the All-Japan Women's Billiards championship.

## Selected filmography

* Otoro-gokoro (1925, A Man's Heart)
* Junanbana (1926, The Second Kiss)
* Nasanu naka (1932, No Blood Relation)

## Personal life

Tsukuba married businessman and politician Jinkichi Terada [ja] in 1942. Her husband died in 1976, and she died in 1977, from stomach cancer, at the age of 70, in Setagaya.
# 1984 Virginia Slims of Newport

The 1984 Virginia Slims of Newport was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in the United States that was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The tournament was held from July 30 through August 5, 1984. First-seeded Martina Navratilova won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Martina Navratilova defeated Gigi Fernández 6–3, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$
* It was Navratilova's 8th singles title of the year and the 94th of her career.

### Doubles

Anna-Maria Fernandez / Peanut Louie-Harper defeated Lea Antonoplis / Beverly Mould 7–5, 7–6
* It was Fernandez's 1st career title. It was Louie-Harper's 1st title of the year and the 2nd of her career.
# Tomar wine

Tomar is a Portuguese wine region centered on the town of Tomar in the Ribatejo region. The region was initially a separate Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) region, but in 2003, it became one of six subregions of the Ribatejo DOC, which has the higher Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) status. Its name may still be indicated together with that of Ribatejo, as Ribatejo-Tomar.
Vineyards are planted on the limestone slopes along the right bank of the Tagus river.

## Grapes

The principle grapes of the Tomar region include Arinto, Baga, Castelao Nacional, Fernao Pires, Malvasia, Periquita, Rabo de Ovelha, and Ugni blanc.
# Gil Wielki

Gil Wielki (Polish pronunciation:) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Miłomłyn, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Miłomłyn, 17 km (11 mi) west of Ostróda, and 52 km (32 mi) west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Chorap

Chorap is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iłowo-Osada, within Działdowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Iłowo-Osada, 8 km (5 mi) east of Działdowo, and 63 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Calicium glaucellum

Calicium glaucellum is a crustose lichen that is found growing on trees throughout much of the world. The species is similar to Calicium abietinum.
The species is commonly found in northern boreal to temperate zones in North, Central and South America and the South West region of Western Australia.

## Morphology

This lichen has a lichenized life habit. Its thallus is typically immersed, but can rarely be superficial and then thin, indistinct, and dark grayish green with a granular appearance.
The apothecia of C. glaucellum usually have a faint white pruina, at least along the edge (upper part) of the exciple and below the capitulum. They are 0.5-1 mm tall and 4-9 times as high as the width of the stalk.
The stalk is shiny black, 0.11-0.17 mm wide, and consists of blackish brown to dark aeruginose, irregularly interwoven and strongly sclerotized hyphae that become paler towards the surface. The outermost layer of the stalk is paler and has a distinct, gelatinous, hyaline coat.
The capitulum is obovoid to lenticular, measuring 0.23-0.34 mm in diameter. The exciple is dark brown to aeruginose, composed of elongated to almost isodiametric sclerotized hyphae that are paler in the outer part and distinctly anticlinally arranged. The hypothecium is dark brown with a flat or slightly convex upper surface.
The asci are cylindrical, 35-41 μm x 3.5-4.5 μm, and contain uniseriate spores. The ascospores are ellipsoid, 9-13 x 4-6.5 μm, with a coarse irregular ornamentation of cracks and ridge fragments. Semi-mature spores have a very irregular sulcate pattern, mainly with longitudinally arranged ridges disrupted by irregular cracks.
Pycnidia are frequently present, producing narrowly cylindrical conidia that are 4-5 x 0.8 μm.

## Chemistry

Spot tests show the thallus is K+ dull yellow, C-, KC-, P-, and the apothecia are I-.
The secondary chemistry can vary, with either no detected substances or the presence of sekikaic acid (major), 2-O-methylsekikaic acid (minor), and 4-O-methylhypoprotocetraric acid.

## Ecology and distribution

Calicium glaucellum grows on old stumps, standing or fallen wood of both coniferous and deciduous trees, and more rarely on bark. It often occurs in exposed situations.
The species is found in the northern boreal to temperate zones of North, Central, and South America, as well as Australasia. In the Sonoran region, it has been reported from southern California and Chihuahua.

## Distinguishing features

Calicium glaucellum is recognized by its rather short-stalked apothecia, the presence of a white rim along the edge of the exciple, the usually immersed thallus, and the medium-sized spores with an ornamentation of irregular ridges and cracks. It is very similar to C. abietinum but differs in having a more pronounced white pruina, black stalks instead of brownish ones, and slightly smaller spores with a different ornamentation pattern.
# Petr Sobotka

Petr Sobotka (born (1975-04-30)30 April 1975 in Duchcov) is a Czech male weightlifter, competing in the +105 kg category and representing Czech Republic at international competitions. He participated at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the +105 kg event. He competed at world championships, most recently at the 2009 World Weightlifting Championships.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Summer Olympics |||||||||||||
| 2000 | Sydney, Australia | +105 kg | | | | | | | | | | 14 |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2009 | Goyang, South Korea | +105 kg | 170 | 175 | 175 | 14 | 205 | 211 | 213 | 13 | 381 | 11 |
| 2007 | Chiang Mai, Thailand | +105 kg | 166 | 170 | 170 | 19 | 204 | 209 | 210 | 21 | 374 | 16 |
| 2006 | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | +105 kg | 170 | 175 | 175 | 13 | 210 | 220 | --- | 13 | 380.0 | 13 |
| 2005 | Doha, Qatar | +105 kg | 177 | 177 | 181 | 13 | 215 | 215 | 224 | 14 | 392.0 | 13 |
| 2003 | Vancouver, Canada | +105 kg | 175 | 180 | 185 | 18 | 215 | 220 | 220 | 16 | 395 | 17 |
| 2002 | Warsaw, Poland | +105 kg | 180 | 185 | 185 | 11 | 212.5 | 220 | 225 | 10 | 400 | 8 |
| 2001 | Antalya, Turkey | +105 kg | 160 | 165 | 165 | 11 | 190 | 202.5 | 202.5 | 12 | 355 | 11 |
# Andhra (disambiguation)

Andhra Pradesh is a state in southern India.
Andhra may also refer to:

## Places

* Andhra State (1953–1956), a former state in India
* Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014), successor to Andhra State, and precursor to Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India
* Andhra University, a university in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
* Andhra Bank, a former public sector bank of India

## Other uses

* Andhras, an ancient Indian tribe
* Andhra Dynasty or Satavahana dynasty, a South and Central Indian dynasty from 3rd century BCE–mid 3rd century CE
# Arafat Kiza Usama

Arafat Kiza Usama is a Ugandan professional football player.

## Early life and youth career

Arafat Kiza Usama was born on June 27, 2004 at Mbale hospital to Mr Khassim Kiiza and Ziada Mutesi. He is a brother to Uganda Cranes goalkeeper, Ismail Watenga. Inspired by his football-endowed family and friends, Usama began his football journey at a young age, showing promise and talent that would later define his professional career. He initially played for Kajjansi United, a regional league side, where he honed his skills and developed his game.

## Club career

Usama's impressive performance in the Masaza Cup with Busiro County caught the attention of top clubs. In 2021, he made a significant move to KCCA FC, one of the top clubs in the Uganda Premier League (UPL). In the 2023/24 season, Usama emerged as one of the standout performers for KCCA FC, attracting interest from international clubs. In 2024, Egyptian Premier League club ZED FC and Moroccan club Wydad AC expressed strong interest in signing Usama, highlighting his rising profile in African football.

## International career

Usama earned his first cap for the Uganda national team on October 13, 2023, in a match against Mali. Since then, he has made two international appearances, showcasing his skills on the national stage.

## Playing style

As a midfielder, Usama is known for his agility, vision, and ability to control the tempo of the game. His contributions both in defense and attack make him a versatile player on the field.
# 1948 Northern Rhodesian general election

General elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 14 August 1948.

## Electoral system

The ten elected members of the Legislative Council (an increase from eight in the 1944 elections) were elected from ten single-member constituencies. Two new constituencies were created; Lusaka was split out of the Midland constituency, whilst Mufulira–Chingola was created by taking Mufulira from the Luanshya constituency and Chingola from the Nkana constituency.
The Livingstone and Western and Southern constituencies were reorganised into Livingstone and South-Western. There were a total of 7,086 registered voters.
| Constituency | Settlements | Registered voters |
| Broken Hill | Broken Hill Urban, Broken Hill Rural (north) | 920 |
| Livingstone | Livingstone, Sesheke | 365 |
| Luanshya | Luanshya | 714 |
| Lusaka | All settlements within 10 miles of Lusaka Boma | 809 |
| Midland | Balovale, Broken Hill Rural (South), Kabompo, Kasempa, Lusaka Rural, Mumbwa, Mwinilunga, Serenje, Solwezi | 321 |
| Mufulira–Chingola | Chingola, Mufulira | 1,211 |
| Ndola | Ndola Rural, Ndola Urban | 795 |
| Nkana | Kitwe | 1,064 |
| North-Eastern | Abercorn, Chinsali, Fort Jameson, Fort Rosebery, Isoka, Kasama, Kawambwa, Lundazi, Luwingu, Mpika, Mporokoso, Petauke | 452 |
| South-Western | Gwembe, Kalabo, Kalomo, Mankoya, Mazabuka, Mongu Namwala, Senanga | 435 |
| Source: Legislative Council of Northern Rhodesia |||

## Results

| Constituency | Candidate | Votes | % | Notes |
| Broken Hill | Roy Welensky | Unopposed | Unopposed | Re-elected |
| Livingstone | Herbert Millar | | | Elected |
| Livingstone | Cuthbert Garret | | | |
| Luanshya | Albert Davies | | | Elected |
| Luanshya | Harold Webb | | | |
| Lusaka | Ernest Sergeant | | | Elected |
| Lusaka | Alexander Scott | | | |
| Lusaka | Clarence Lewis | | | |
| Midland | Marais von Eeden | | | Elected |
| Midland | Clifford Kelly | | | |
| Mufulira–Chingola | James Morris | | | Elected |
| Mufulira–Chingola | Gladys Douglas | | | |
| Mufulira–Chingola | Alexander Stevens | | | |
| Ndola | Ewain Wilson | Unopposed | Unopposed | Elected |
| Nkana | George L'Ange | | | Elected |
| Nkana | Brian Goodwin | | | Defeated |
| North-Eastern | Frank Robertson | Unopposed | Unopposed | Elected |
| South-Western | Geoffrey Beckett | Unopposed | Unopposed | Elected |
| Source: East Africa and Rhodesia |||||
# Giętkie

Giętkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Piska, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Biała Piska, 12 km (7 mi) east of Pisz, and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Cichogrąd

Cichogrąd is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olsztynek, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Ioannis Kakridis

Ioannis Kakridis (Greek: Ιωάννης Κακριδής; 17 November 1901 – 20 March 1992) was a Greek classical scholar and was one of the leading scholars of Homeric Poetry in the twentieth century.
He was born in Athens in 1901 and received his PhD at the University of Athens. He went on to become a professor at the universities of Athens, Thessaloniki, Tübingen, Stockholm, Lund and Uppsala. Kakridis was a Homer scholar and one of the most important classicists of twentieth-century Greece. He was also an early and staunch advocate of the adoption of the monotonic system in the Greek language. In 1941, he was denounced by the faculty of the University of Athens for republishing a lecture in the monotonic system, which led to the so-called "Trial of Accents" and his suspension and later dismissal from the university.
The list of his written work is quite extensive. The most important works are a translation into the modern Greek language of the works of Homer, together with Nikos Kazantzakis and a five-volume collection of Greek mythology.
# Filip Šváb

Filip Šváb (born 28 April 1983) is a Czech canoeist. He competed in the men's K-1 200 metres event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Fouzia El Kassioui

Fouzia El Kassioui (born 1 January 1992) is a Moroccan Paralympic athlete.

## Biography

At the age of 10, she was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and cerebral palsy. In 2017, she joined the Benslimane Al-Ahd Al-Jadid Association and began training in shot put.
At the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, she won the bronze medal in the women's shot put F33 event.
She won the silver medal in the women's shot put F33 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan. She also competed in the women's javelin throw F34 event.