OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fort Carney

Fort Carney was a stockade fort built in 1813 in present-day Clarke County, Alabama, during the Creek War (part of the larger War of 1812).

## History
### Creek War

After Red Stick warriors began attacking settlers in the area, many families joined together to create protective stockades. Josiah Carney, who moved to Clarke County in 1809 from North Carolina, began building a stockade in 1813 at Carney's Bluff. Carney's Bluff was later known as Gullett's Bluff. Fort Carney was also known as Fort Hawn or Fort Gullett. The fort site was located six miles south of Jackson on the road from Jackson to Mount Vernon.
Sources differ on the number of occupants of Fort Carney. Albert J. Pickett reported 390 individuals occupied Fort Carney, while Timothy H. Ball stated that it only contained "a few occupants".
Sixty members of the 8th Regiment Mississippi Militia occupied Fort Carney.
Prior to the Fort Mims massacre, it was reported that Red Stick warriors examined Fort Carney but decided to attack Fort Mims instead.
Fort Powell was a stockade fort located three miles south of Fort Carney at Oven Bluff. After the Fort Mims massacre, settlers from Fort Powell moved to Fort Carney before moving to Mount Vernon.
Jeremiah Austill, who gained fame for his participation in the Canoe Fight, stopped at Fort Carney on his ride from Fort Madison to Fort Stoddert. Austill volunteered for the seventy-five mile ride to request additional protection for the occupants of Fort Madison.

### American Civil War

During the Civil War, a Confederate fort named Fort Gullett was built on the site of Fort Carney. Fort Gullett was built in 1862 to protect the nearby salt wells. Fort Gullett also served to prevent Federal gunboats from traveling up the Tombigbee River. The fort was abandoned in the later years of the Civil War.
# Rusty-crowned babbler

The rusty-crowned babbler (Sterrhoptilus capitalis) is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is native to the southern Philippines on the islands of Mindanao and Dinagat Islands and Basilan. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest.

## Description and taxonomy

EBird describes it as "A fairly small bird of lowland and foothill forest and edge, with a rufous crown and a gray back and cheek, all with whitish streaks. Also has dark wings and tail with white outer tail feathers, and off-white underparts blending to a pale orange throat. Note the slender black bill. Often joins mixed-species flocks and sometimes hangs upside down while feeding. Somewhat similar to Brown Tit-Babbler, but slightly larger, with a rufous crown and a white belly. Flocks give a jumble of squeaky chattering notes."

### Subspecies

Three subspecies are recognized:
* S c. capitalis – Found in Dinagat Islands
* S c. euroaustralis – Found in Mindanao Island excluding the Zamboanga Peninsula
* S c.isabelae – Found on the Zamboanga Peninsula and Basilan

## Ecology and behavior

Typically seen singly, in pairs or mixed flocks along with Mindanao blue-fantails, sulphur-billed nuthatches, Philippine bulbuls, brown-tit babbler, Mindanao pygmy babbler,flowerpeckers, sunbirds and other small forest birds. Its diet is presumed to consist primarily of insects and some vegetable matter.
Birds in breeding condition nwith enlarged gonads see in March and June. Immature birds have been seen in February, May and August. Otherwise, any breeding, mating, nesting and fledgling behaviours are unknown. Nest and chicks are undescribed.

## Habitat and conservation status

Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. It is seen on the undergrowth of primary forests or along forest edge. Most Ebird and sight records are in the PICOP Logging Concession in Bislig which has undergone massive deforestation. Its population is believed to be descreasing.
# Grootschermer

Grootschermer is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. Since January 1, 2015 it has been a part of the municipality of Alkmaar, and lies about 12 km southeast of the city centre of Alkmaar.
The village was first mentioned in the first half of the 11th century as Skirmere, and means "big white/clear lake". Grootschermer developed in the 13th century when a dike was constructed around the Eilandspolder. It was partially a peat excavation settlement. Until 1811, it consists of two linear settlements.
The Dutch Reformed church is aisleless church with wooden tower which dates from 1762. It was restored between 1978 and 1980. The former town hall is a stepped gable building in mannerist style from 1639. Between 1938 and 1939, the former court house from Noordschermer was added to the back of the building.
Grootschermer was home to 415 people in 1840. It used to be the capital of Zuid- en Noord-Schermer, but was merged into Schermer in 1970. In 2015, it became part of the municipality of Alkmaar.

## Gallery

* Windmill De Havik
* Canal view
* Protestant church
* Farm in Grootschermer
# Dujail District

Dujail District (Arabic: قضاء الدجيل; formerly, Al-Faris) is a district in the southern part of Saladin Governorate, Iraq. Its main settlement is the small town of Dujail.
Dujail was the site of the Dujail Massacre by Saddam Hussein's agents, after an assassination attempt on him there. Saddam was later convicted and hanged for ordering the massacre.
# Spotted palm thrush

The spotted palm thrush (Cichladusa guttata), also known as the spotted morning-thrush, is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. They are small birds mostly consisting of the colors brown, black, and cream. They can be found in eastern African countries such as Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Their natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. This bird is a forager that has a diet consisting of invertebrates. These birds create a variety of different vocal duets as a form of communication.

## Appearance

The spotted palm thrush measures around 16-17 centimeters (6.3-6.7 inches) long and weighs around 17-30 grams (<0.1 pounds). This bird features a warm brown color from crown to back and wings, with a dark brown eye stripe, and black-arrowed, creamy white underparts. The males and females are monomorphic, having little variance in their appearance regardless of sex.

## Habitat

The spotted palm thrush is located in most parts of Ethiopia, South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania. They can also be found in the easternmost parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the southernmost parts of Sudan. These birds commonly dwell in habitats along the dense undergrowth within savannas, woodland, dry watercourses, thickets, and scrub habitats.

## Diet

The spotted palm thrush has a diet consisting of invertebrates, such as small snails, and cordia fruits. At an early age, a spotted palm thrush will mostly eat bush-cricket nymphs, beetle larvae, lampyrinae larvae, and moth caterpillars. Spotted palm thrushes get their food by foraging on the ground, both single and in pairs, in human populated areas near game-park lodges and gardens.

## Vocal Behavior

The spotted palm thrush creates different sounds and imitations for different reasons of contact. Two of these main vocal performances include course singing and repetitive singing. Spotted palm thrushes will perform course singing by themselves. Once they are paired with a bird of the opposite sex, they engage in repetitive singing. The sex of the bird can be distinguished based on their duet contributions; duets are commonly initiated by males, and females sing during the silent intervals between male notes. Normally, these duets last around 8 to 20 seconds, and the duration and volume of the duet could change based on the birds’ levels of excitement. To indicate their excitement before and after duets, spotted palm thrushes will raise their body, pointing their head and bill upward, and show their spotted throat.
# Striped flowerpecker

The striped flowerpecker (Dicaeum aeruginosum) is a species of bird in the family Dicaeidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forest and tropical moist montane forest. It is part of the Thick-billed flowerpecker species complex and was formerly conspecific with it.

## Description and taxonomy

EBird describes the Thick-billed flowerpecker species complex as "Dull gray-brown flowerpecker with streaked white underparts. Unremarkable; bill isn’t all that noticeably thick, but combination of pale vent, striped throat, and (in some subspecies) strongly streaked underparts serve to identify this wide-ranging and variable species. Like many other flowerpeckers, often associated with mistletoe, but can be found in a variety of forest types and elevations. Often heard giving a hard, slightly wet “tsip!”
In comparison to the thick-billed flowerpecker. it is more olive-green above, more greenish on lower back to uppertail-coverts and much more bold striping

### Subspecies

Three subspecies are recognized:
* D. a. aeruginosum – Found on Luzon, Lubang, Romblon, Sibuyan and Catanduanes
* D. a. striatissimum – Found on Mindoro, Negros, Cebu and Mindanao
* D. a. affine – Found on Palawan

## Ecology and behavior

Feeds on small fruits, mistletoes, flowers and also takes small insects. Forages mostly in the canopy and middle stratum. Found singly, in pairs or mixed species flocks with other flowerpeckers and small birds. Breeding is completely unknown.

## Habitat and conservation status

It is found in tropical moist lowland forest and montane forest up to 3,000 meters above sea level.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature does not recognize this species as separate yet and does not have an assessment. This species is generally uncommon and poorly known but can easily be overlooked. Due to the ongoing habitat destruction across the entire Philippines, it is likely that this species population is declining. Surveys are required to better understand biology, population density and range.
# Pristava, Tuhelj

Pristava is a village in Croatia.
# Gillo Dorfles

Angelo Eugenio "Gillo" Dorfles (12 April 1910 – 2 March 2018) was an Italian art critic, painter, and philosopher.

## Biography

Born in Trieste to a Gorizian father of Jewish descent and a Genoese mother, Dorfles graduated in medicine, specializing in psychiatry. He was a professor in aesthetics at the University of Trieste, Milan and Cagliari and, in 1948, established the MAC (Movimento per l'arte concreta) with artists Atanasio Soldati, Galliano Mazzon, Gianni Monnet, and Bruno Munari. His paintings were displayed in two personal exhibitions held in Milan in 1949 and 1950 and also in numerous collective MAC exhibitions in the 1950s. In 1956 Dorfles co-founded the ADI (Associazione per il disegno industriale).
Having stopped painting, he devoted himself to the study of aesthetics and art criticism, dealing with the problem of the vanguard, the relationship between art and industry, analyzing artistic phenomena, and tastes in the contemporary society. According to Dorfles, aesthetics should focus on culture as a whole, which combine elements of fantasy, symbolic, metaphorical and even mythical suggestions. Among his major works, L'architettura moderna (1954), Kitsch (originally published in Italian in 1968 and translated in English the following year), La moda della moda (1984), Il feticcio quotidiano (1988), Horror pleni. La (in)civiltà del rumore (2008). In the same period, however, Dorfles continued to hold personal exhibitions: in 1986 his works were displayed in Milan, in 1988 in Aosta, and in 1996 in Rome.
In 2010, for his 100th birthday celebrations, L'avanguardia tradita took place at the Royal Palace of Milan. Another exhibition was held in 2012 at the Triennale di Milano, organized by Dorfles himself, entitled Dorfles. Kitsch – oggi il kitsch.
At 103, Dorfles published a new book (Poesie, Campanotto Editore, 2013), containing previously unpublished poems written from 1941 to 1952. In 2013 he was among the artists who designed the Tibetan pavilion at the 55th Venice Biennale.
Gillo Dorfles died in Milan on 2 March 2018, at age 107.

## Selected bibliography

* Gillo Dorfles, L'architettura moderna, 1954
* Gillo Dorfles, Il Kitsch. Antologia del cattivo gusto, 1968
* Gillo Dorfles (with John McHale), Kitsch: The World Of Bad Taste, New York, Bell Publishing, 1969
* Gillo Dorfles, La moda della moda, 1984
* Gillo Dorfles, Elogio della disarmonia, 1986
* Gillo Dorfles, Il Feticcio quotidiano, 1988
* Gillo Dorfles, Horror Pleni. La (in)civiltà del rumore, Castelvecchi Editore, 2008
* Gillo Dorfles, Conformisti. La morte dell'autenticità, Castelvecchi Editore, 2008
* Gillo Dorfles, Fatti e fattoidi. Gli pseudoeventi nell'arte e nella società, Castelvecchi Editore, 2009
* Gillo Dorfles, Irritazioni. Un'analisi del costume contemporaneo, Castelvecchi Editore, 2010
* Gillo Dorfles, Dal significato alle scelte, Castelvecchi Editore, 2010
# Nessim Gaon

Nessim David Gaon (Arabic: نسيم جاعون, 22 February 1922 – 10 May 2022) was a Sudan-born Swiss financier who founded a trading conglomerate known as Noga SA. Outside the business world, he was very prominent in Jewish affairs, acting as president of the World Sephardi Federation since 1971. He was also a vice president of the World Jewish Congress and chairman of the board of governors of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel.

## Biography

Gaon was born in Sudan to Turkish Jews who had been transplanted to Spain and later moved to Egypt and then Sudan. He was married to Renée Tamman (1927–2014), with whom he had three children: Marguerite Herzog, David N. Gaon, and Danielle Coën-Gaon.
Aside from the posts Gaon held in world Jewish organizations, he was the founder of Hekhal Haness Synagogue in Geneva.

## Business career

Gaon's career in trade began as a trader of burlap bags and crocodile and snake skins in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan before graduating to peanut and edible oils trade. When the British relinquished power in Sudan, subsequent increase in nationalism precipitated the exile of many members of the Jewish community in Khartoum. Gaon emigrated to Switzerland in 1957 and became a Swiss citizen six years later. He settled in Geneva and developed a commodities trading firm with success in the peanut trade. He also dabbled into property and tourism building the Noga Hilton Hotel in Geneva. Nigerian government officials visiting Geneva liked the hotel and invited Hilton and Gaon to establish a similar hotel in the newly created capital city of Abuja with construction expedited to host meeting of Heads of States of ECOWAS.
Gaon through his firms Noga Commodities Overseas and Afro Continental was involved in rice, edible oils cement trade in Nigeria during the country's oil boom years in the 1970s. In 1979, he was importing 120,000 tonnes of rice to Nigeria. However, a turn in Nigeria's economy in 1984 caused non payment of government's promissory notes tied to his firm's assets affected his commodity business.
Beginning in 1991, Gaon developed a barter trading interest with the Soviet Union that ended in acrimony, thereafter Gaon sought legal options to claim unpaid debts through confiscation of Russian assets abroad.
# A. Arthur Giddon

A. Arthur Giddon (April 26, 1909 – November 24, 2010) was an American lawyer, World War II veteran and Major League Baseball batboy.
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Giddon was raised in Brookline. His father, Abram, was in the horse business.
Giddon graduated from Tufts University in 1932 and received a Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School in 1935, to become a successful lawyer. During World War II, he joined the U.S. Navy and served for four years, most of the time in Europe and attained the rank of Lieutenant Commander.
In his youth, Giddon was active in Brookline politics, serving as president of the Republican Club and co-chairman of the Young Republicans of Massachusetts. He later served as a member of the 10th District Republican Committee in West Hartford and as a delegate to the 1970 Republican State Convention. In addition, he was on the West Hartford Development Commission and the War Memorial Committee, as well on the Zoning Board of Appeals.
After retiring in 1985, Giddon served as a magistrate in the Superior Court. He also was one of the original members of the National Association of Claimant Compensation Attorneys in Connecticut, now the Connecticut Trial Lawyers Association, and later served as vice president. He taught himself Spanish to better assist his clients, but his preferred language was Latin, which he never hesitated to quote, especially in court. In 2001, he was awarded the rank of honorary colonel at Fort Adams, where he trained as a teenager.
On his 100th birthday, the Boston Red Sox invited Giddon to be the team's honorary bat boy prior to a game against the New York Yankees at Fenway Park. He reprised his role for his now-beloved Red Sox, wearing a team's jersey with No. 100 and the legend "Big Pappy" on the back. The Red Sox won the contest, 16–11. This story drew headlines in The New York Times and Hartford Courant and an invitation to appear on The Tonight Show.
Giddon was a volunteer for Miles of Smiles Day at Connecticut Children's Hospital and belonged to the American Legion Post 96 and the West Hartford Regents. He also served on the Tufts Alumni Council, was a longtime member of Congregation Beth Israel, and was a former president of the Braeburn School PTA in West Hartford.
An avid believer in physical exercise, Giddon continued to jump skipping rope 1,200-1,400 times every day in his early 70s. As a centenarian, he continued to exercising regularly on a stationary bicycle.
Giddon lived in Hartford, Connecticut for almost 60 years. In 2008, he moved to Bloomfield, where he died at the age of 101.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 "Former Sox bat boy, 101, passes away". The Boston Globe. 2010-11-28. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "A. Arthur Giddon". Boston Herald. 2010-11-27. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
* 1 2 "Red Sox Give Tip of the Cap to No. 100". The New York Times. 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
* ↑ Retrosheet – Boston Red Sox 16, New York Yankees 11. Game Played on Saturday, April 25, 2009 (D) at Fenway Park
# Hertz Grosbard

Hertz Grosbard (1892−1994) was a Polish reciter. He performed recitations of Yiddish literature during the 20th century.

## Biography

He was born in Łódź to a religious family. During the 1920s he began performing what came to be known as his "word concerts" to great critical acclaim. During the "word concerts" he recited classics of Yiddish literature such as works of Itsik Manger and Scholem Aleichem. He was very popular and performed extensively both in Europe, the Americas, and in Israel, e.g. in Vilnius he performed more than 50 times between 1928 and 1940. Ten albums with selections of his word concerts were issued in the 1950s and 1960s. He held his last concert in 1992 in Holon, Israel, in conjunction with his 100th birthday.
# Clinton, Georgia

Clinton is an unincorporated town in Jones County, Georgia, United States. Formerly the county seat of Jones County, Clinton is located along Georgia State Route 18 (and the former US 129) only 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) southwest of the center of Gray. The center of the formerly incorporated town forms the Old Clinton Historic District.

## History

Clinton was originally called Albany and served as the first county seat of Jones County, which was formed in December 1807 from Baldwin County.
The town was renamed Clinton for DeWitt Clinton (1769–1828), the seventh and ninth governor of New York, or possibly his uncle George Clinton, vice president of the U.S. from 1805 to 1812. It was established as the county seat by the Georgia General Assembly on December 22, 1808.
The Georgia General Assembly incorporated the "Town of Clinton" in 1816. A post office called Clinton was established in 1821, and remained in operation until 1924.
In the early and middle 1800s, Clinton grew as a center of commerce and the cotton trade, and was one of the most populous cities in Georgia. During this period, impressive homes were constructed and the town was visited by the Marquis de Lafayette during his 1825 tour of the U.S. The Clinton Female Seminary, incorporated in 1821 and established in 1828, was the forerunner of what would become Macon’s Wesleyan College in neighboring Bibb County.
Clinton began a period of near-terminal decline first with the destruction of the town in 1864 at the hands of the invading Northern armies of William T. Sherman in the American Civil War. This was compounded when the Central of Georgia Railway bypassed Clinton in favor of nearby Gray due to local opposition.
The county seat of Jones county was moved to Gray in 1905, and Clinton's municipal charter was officially dissolved in 1995 along with those of many other inactive Georgia municipalities.
Today, the nucleus of the original residential portion town forms the Old Clinton Historic District (listed in 1974). The town's former business district no longer exists.

## Geography

Outside of Old Clinton, the town functions much like a suburb of Gray, especially along the four-lane divided Gray Highway (formerly US 129, which now bypasses Clinton and Gray). Small parcels of Clinton along Gray Highway have been formally annexed to Gray.

## Culture

Since the late 20th century, the Old Clinton Historic District has been the site of War Days, an event reenacting 19th century life, including the Jones County Civil War battles of Sunshine Church and Griswoldville.

## Notable people

* Ellen Craft – abolitionist leader
* John T. Edge - author, former director of the Southern Foodways Alliance, and host of the SEC Network's show TrueSouth
# Jamshed Ayaz Khan

Jamshed Ayaz Khan, HI(M) (Urdu: جمشید ایاز خان) was a Pakistani defence and security analyst and retired military general who has served as the president of the Institute of Regional Studies (IRS) think tank. Khan was also the Additional Secretary for Defence Production in the Ministry of Defence.

## Career

He completed his education from the prestigious St Patrick's High School in Karachi, and from the Pakistan Military Academy in Kakul. Later, he obtained a master's degree in War Studies from the National Defence College.
He had written and spoken extensively for various media organisations and publications on issues relating to Pakistan's domestic geostrategic affairs as well as security and foreign policy. Khan was a supporter of Pakistan increasing its economic and geopolitical relations with Iran and other regional friends and has been a critic of American policies in the region.
He retired from the army in 2001 following a 39-year-long career. For his services in the army, he was awarded the Hilal-i-Imtiaz. He is a member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, the Asia Society based in New York, and Rotary International. His name was listed in the International Who's Who list for 2006-07.

## Publications

Texts authored by Jamshed Ayaz Khan include:
* Asia: Search for Security and Cooperation (2006)
* Reflections on Matters of War and Peace (2003)