OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Euphorbia socotrana

Euphorbia socotrana (Soqotri šeber) is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a tree or shrub endemic to Soqotra in Yemen.
It has glaucous leaves clustered at the branch tips, and pale brown or almost white bark. Its leaves persist into the dry season, and it drops its leaves in the summer and re-leafs when the rains return.
It is common in succulent shrubland and semi-deciduous dry woodland on limestone plateaus, and less common in montane semi-deciduous woodland on granite in the Hajhir Mountains, from 450 to 900 meters elevation. Its population in the western Hajhir is observed to be increasing.
Two subspecies are accepted.
* Euphorbia socotrana subsp. purpurea N.Kilian & P.Hein
* Euphorbia socotrana subsp. socotrana
# Shahe Ajamian

Shahe Ajamian (Armenian: Շահե Աճեմյան; 24 July 1926, Aleppo – 13 July 2005, Yerevan) was an archbishop of the Armenian Apostolic Church who managed the finances of the church in Jerusalem. Considered pro-Israeli, he maintained good relations with Mayor Teddy Kollek and sold land in the city to the Israeli government. In 1986, he was caught in a smuggling and bribery scandal along with Interior Ministry official Raphael Levy [he].
# Knuuttila

Knuuttila is a Finnish surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* Anselm Knuuttila (1903–1968), Finnish cross-country skier
* Petra Knuuttila and Tarja Knuuttila (badminton), 1982 winners of women's doubles at Finnish National Badminton Championships
* Sakari Knuuttila (1930–2023), Finnish engineer and politician
* Tarja Knuuttila, Finnish philosopher
* Ykä Knuuttila [fi] (born 1963), Finnish musician, drummer for Musta Paraati
# Sokółki, Ełk County

Sokółki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prostki, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Prostki, 16 km (10 mi) south of Ełk, and 125 km (78 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Yury Puntus

Yury Iosifovich Puntus (Belarusian: Юрый Іосіфавіч Пунтус; Russian: Юрий Иосифович Пунтус; born 8 October 1960) is a Soviet football player and a Belarusian football coach. He quit playing football in 1987 because of an injury. Puntus graduated from two universities: Belarusian Technological Institute (specialty – mechanical engineer) in 1983 and Belarusian State University of Physical Training in 1996.

## Managerial career

After working for a few seasons in Russian and Belarusian lower leagues' clubs, in 1996 Puntus was appointed as a head coach for newly reformed BATE Borisov. Puntus led the team to the Belarusian Premier League in just two seasons and eventually won two championship titles (in 1999 and 2002).
In 2004 Puntus joined MTZ-RIPO Minsk and led the team to winning Belarusian Cup in 2005. In January 2006 he was appointed as Belarus national football team head coach and later that year he left MTZ-RIPO to focus on national team's UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign. In late 2007 he was sacked due to unsatisfying results and immediately rejoined MTZ-RIPO, before leading them to another Cup title in 2008.
In the following years Puntus coached Dinamo Brest (from 2009 to 2011), Smolevichi-STI (from 2011 to 2013), whom he led to the promotion from Second League to First League, and Slavia Mozyr, whom he joined in early 2014.

## Honours

As Coach
BATE Borisov
* Belarusian Premier League champion: 1999, 2002
MTZ-RIPO Minsk
* Belarusian Cup winner: 2004–05, 2007–08
# Steeve Nguema Ndong

Steve Wilfried Nguema Ndong (11 December 1971 – 25 September 2009) was a Gabonese judoka.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Place | Weight class |
| 2002 | African Judo Championships | 3rd | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
| 2001 | African Judo Championships | 2nd | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
| 2000 | African Judo Championships | 2nd | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
| 1999 | All-Africa Games | 2nd | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
| 1998 | African Judo Championships | 1st | Heavyweight (+100 kg) |
# Moha Ramos

Mohamed Airam Ramos Wade (born 13 April 2000) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Tenerife as a goalkeeper.

## Early and personal life

Ramos was born in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. He is of Senegalese origin.

## Club career

Ramos spent his early career with Longuera and Tenerife before joining Real Madrid in 2014. In July 2019 he signed on loan for English club Birmingham City. He left Birmingham City at the end of the 2019–20 season, after the expiry of his loan.
In September 2020 he moved on loan to Real Unión.
In July 2021 he left Real Madrid. In August 2021 he signed for Racing de Santander, playing for their reserve team Rayo Cantabria. He moved to Real Avilés in January 2022. On 16 July he moved to Las Palmas B.
In July 2023, Ramos returned to the club he played for as a junior, Tenerife, where he became a part of the club's B team.

## International career

Ramos was in the preliminary Spain squad for the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup but was dropped due to disciplinary reasons.
# Marcos Charras

Marcos Emanuel Charras (born 13 May 1983) is a retired Argentine football player.

## Club performance

Last updated: 19 June 2009
Current Club Performance :
| Club | Season | League | League | Cup | Cup | European Competition | European Competition | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | App | Goals | App | Goals | App | Goals | App | Goals |
| Dinamo Tbilisi | 2008-09 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Dinamo Tbilisi | Total | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |

## Honours

* South American Youth Championship|South American U-20 Championship: 2003
* Torneo Clausura: 2005
# Northwest Papuan languages

The Northwest Papuan languages are a proposed language family of Papuan languages.
Many of the constituent branches of Northwest Papuan were first proposed to be related by H.K.J. Cowan in the 1950s. Voorhoeve (1971) connected the Border and Tor families. Using only pronouns as a diagnostic, Malcolm Ross linked most of the western (Foja Range) branch of the family, which is now fairly secure. The current form of the proposal was worked out by Timothy Usher under the name "North(west) New Guinea" (not to be confused with the proposed North New Guinea branch of the Austronesian language family). It is not yet certain, however, that the similarities in vocabulary between Foja Range and the other constituent families are due to inheritance rather than borrowing.

## Languages

* Fas
* Sentani
* Border (Upper Tami)
* Sko
* Foja Range
** Nimboran
** Kwerbic
** Mawes
** Orya–Tor
The western branch, Foja Range, is equivalent to Ross's Tor–Kwerba family with the addition of Nimboran.
Søren Wichmann (2013) considers Nimboran, Kapauri (under Kwerbic above), Border, and possibly also Elseng (under Border above) to form a unified language family.
# Are You Ready (AC/DC song)

"Are You Ready" is a song by Australian rock band AC/DC. It is featured on the band's 1990 album The Razors Edge. A live version of the song recorded on the tour of the same name appeared on one of AC/DC's two live albums of 1992, Live: 2 CD Collector's Edition. The song peaked at number one in New Zealand, becoming the band's only number-one hit there, and has been certified gold for sales exceeding 5,000. The song also peaked at number 16 on the US Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, number six in Ireland, number 14 in Finland, and number 18 in Australia. Music & Media magazine called the song "the best example of a rhetorical question". "Are You Ready" was used as the official theme for WWE SmackDown on Fox.

## Music video

The music video to this song, directed by David Mallet, shows prisoners attending an AC/DC mini-concert at their prison. One prisoner is being dressed up to get ready for the band to play the song. Guards shave his head nearly bald, leaving hairs that make up AC/DC's logo, the one similar to the cover of the band's music video tape, Clipped. The video was filmed at Bray Studios (UK), with those portraying the prisoners having responded to an open invitation broadcast by Tommy Vance during his Friday Rock Show on BBC Radio 1 a few days earlier. Respondents were instructed to make their way to Baker Street in London, where they were issued their 'uniforms' and transported by coach to Bray.

## Track listings

7-inch and cassette single
* "Are You Ready"
* "Got You by the Balls"
* Two limited-edition 7-inch singles were also issued in the UK. One included an AC/DC patch while another was issued in a sleeve designed as a satchel.
Australian 12-inch and CD single
* "Are You Ready" – 4:10
* "Got You by the Balls" – 4:29
* "D.T." – 2:59
* "Chase the Ace" – 3:00
European 12-inch and CD single
* "Are You Ready" – 4:10
* "Got You by the Balls" – 4:29
* "The Razors Edge" – 4:22

## Personnel

* Brian Johnson – lead vocals
* Angus Young – lead guitar
* Malcolm Young – rhythm guitar, background vocals
* Cliff Williams – bass guitar, background vocals
* Chris Slade – drums

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 5,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) |
| United Kingdom | 28 March 1991 | Limited-edition 7-inch single | ATCO |
| United Kingdom | 15 April 1991 | 7-inch vinyl12-inch vinylCDcassette | ATCO |
| Australia | 26 April 1991 | CD | ATCO |
# Social Theory of International Politics

Social Theory of International Politics is a book by Alexander Wendt. It expresses a constructivist approach to the study of international relations and is one of the leading texts within the constructivist approach to international relations scholarship.
Social Theory of International Politics expresses a theory that emphasises the role of shared ideas and norms in shaping state behaviour. It is critical of both liberal and realists approaches to the study of international relations which, Wendt argues, emphasize materialist and individualistic motivations for state actions rather than norms and shared values as Wendt argues they should.
In a review of Social Theory of International Politics in Foreign Affairs G. John Ikenberry argued that the first section of the book is a "winding tour" of constructivism's underpinning. After this Wendt explores possible alternative "cultures" of international relations (Hobbesian, Lockean, and Kantian) a result of his view that anarchy does not necessarily mean that states must adopt egoistical self-help behaviour. Wendt further explores this view in an influential journal article "Anarchy Is What States Make of It" published in the journal International Organization.
The book was the winner of the International Studies Association's Best Book of the Decade Award 1991–2000. The title is a reference to Kenneth Waltz's 1979 work Theory of International Politics.

## Part II: International Politics
### The state and the problem of corporate agency
### Three cultures of anarchy

In this chapter Wendt challenges the neorealist view of anarchy and argues that several cultures of anarchy can dominate. These are called Hobbesian, Lockean, and Kantian cultures.

### Conclusion
## Criticism
### Realist criticism

In a review essay called "The Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism" Dale Copeland argues from a structural realist perspective and states that Wendt fails to take into account how uncertainty impacts state behaviour:
   Notwithstanding Wendt's important contributions to international relations theory, his critique of structural realism has inherent flaws. Most important, it does not adequately address a critical aspect of the realist worldview: the problem of uncertainty.

### Constructivist criticism

Wendt admits that his version of constructivism is a "thin" version of constructivism as it “concedes important points to materialist and individualist perspectives [of neorealism] and endorses a scientific approach to social inquiry". As such it has been criticised from the position of more radical "thick" constructivists who give less ground to rationalist theories, like Roxanne Lynn Doty, Stefano Guzzini, Friedrich Kratochwill, and Maja Zehfuss.
# Jędrychowo, Mrągowo County

Jędrychowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sorkwity, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Sopoty

Sopoty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wilczęta, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Wilczęta, 22 km (14 mi) south of Braniewo, and 60 km (37 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Matúš Čonka

Matúš Čonka (born 15 October 1990) is a Slovak footballer who plays for TJ Slavoj Boleráz as a left back.

## Club career

Čonka, product of Lokomotíva Košice youth squads, made his league debut for MFK Košice against Banská Bystrica on 18 July 2009 at the age of 18. He scored his first goal in a 1–1 draw against Žilina on 17 July 2011. In January 2012, he joined Czech club Slavia Prague.
He was transferred to Spartak Trnava in June 2014. He made his league debut for them on 13 July 2014 against Zlaté Moravce.

## International career

Čonka was called up for two unofficial friendly fixtures held in Abu Dhabi, UAE, in January 2017, against Uganda (1–3 loss) and Sweden, by his former coach Ján Kozák, who coached for approximately 1 year, while Čonka played for Košice. Čonka made his debut against Sweden, playing the full length of the match, which Slovakia lost 0–6.

## Honours

Spartak Trnava
* Fortuna Liga: 2017–18
* Slovnaft Cup: 2018–19
# Semimi language

Semimi, or Etna Bay, is a Papuan language spoken in Kaimana Regency, West Papua, Indonesia.
# Ongassaare

Ongassaare (formerly Kõnnu) is a village in Alutaguse Parish, Ida-Viru County in northeastern Estonia.
Ongassaare is the birthplace of the organist and composer Alfred Karindi.
# Kaczory, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Kaczory is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Srokowo, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Srokowo, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Kętrzyn, and 86 km (53 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Scissurella mirifica

Scissurella mirifica is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Scissurellidae, the little slit snails.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 1.2 mm and 2.5 mm. The depressed shell has an oval shape. The flattened spire has a very wide and open umbilicus. The entire surface of the 2½ whorls is regularly and delicately finely clathrate. The aperture is very oblique. The outer lip recedes inwards.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji and the Society Islands; off Queensland, Australia.
# Atzenbrugg

Atzenbrugg is a municipality in the district of Tulln in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. The composer Franz Schubert used to spend some time in Atzenbrugg in the summers around 1820.
# Sikaritai language

Sikaritai (Sikwari) is a Lakes Plain language of Papua, Indonesia. It is named after Sikari village in Rafaer District, Mamberamo Raya Regency. Alternate names are Aikwakai, Araikurioko, Ati, Tori, Tori Aikwakai.
It is spoken in Haya, Iri, and Sikari villages.
Sikaritai, Obokuitai, and Eritai constitute a dialect cluster.

## Phonology

The following discussion is based on Martin (1991).

### Consonants

| | Labial | Coronal | Velar |
| Plosive | b | t d | k kʷ |
| Fricative | ɸ | s | |
| Semivowel | w | | |
This small consonant inventory is typical of Lakes Plain languages. The complete lack of nasals is also a feature of these languages.
There are however several notable allophonic variants:
* /d/ is realized as [d ~ l] word-initially, [ɾ ~ l] between vowels or following another consonants, and as [d̚] syllable-finally.
* /k/ is realized as [g̚] syllable-finally. When followed by a vowel, the sequence /ik/ is realized as a syllabic fricative [ɣ̩]. The sequence /iko/ further varies with [u.o].
* [ɸ] is in free variation with a glottal fricative [h].
* /s/ is realized as [ʃ] following /k/.
* /i/ before another vowel is realized as either a semivowel [j] or an affricate [dʒ] (the latter when following /k/ or when between two low vowels (/ɛ/ or /a/).

### Vowels

Sikaritai has six vowels.
| | Front | Central | Back |
| High | i | | u |
| Mid-high | e | | |
| Mid | ɛ | | o |
| Low | | a | |
Many other Lakes Plain languages have developed a series of extra high "fricativized" vowels from the loss of a final consonant. In Sikaritai the final consonants have been retained; however, extra-high [i] and [u] appear as allophones of /i/ and /u/ before final /k/ and /d/. Martin postulates that Sikaritai is in the process of developing contrastive fricativized vowels as other Lakes Plain languages have done.

### Tone

The language has a two-height tone system with H and L tone. More than one tonal element can appear on a single syllable.

### Syllables

The syllable template is (C)(C)V(V)(C).
# Khengan

Khengan (Persian: خِنگار) is a village in Khwahan district, Badakhshan province, northeastern Afghanistan.
# Kaletka

Kaletka is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Iława, within Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# Joculator salvati

Joculator salvati is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cerithiopsidae. The species was described by Jay and Drivas in 2002.
# Svend I

Svend I may refer to:
* Sweyn Forkbeard (died 1014), king of Denmark, England and Norway
* Svend I (bishop of Aarhus) (died 1191)
# De bene esse

De bene esse is a Latin legal term meaning of well being. It can refer to various acts which are conditional, provisional or anticipatory.

## United Kingdom

De bene esse has been used in English law for hundreds of years. For example, in Equity Cases Abridged (1744), it was used to describe the deposition of a witness before trial in the Court of Chancery:
   After a Bill filed in any Cause, the Court will, on Affidavit, that any of the Witnesses are aged or infirm, sick, or going beyond Sea, so that the Party is in Danger of losing their Testimony, order them to be examined de bene esse, which will make their Depositions valid in that Cause only, and against those who are Parties to it; but if it appear, that they might afterwards have been examined in Chief, regularly, such Depositions shall not be made use of.
In R v Mirza (2004), Lord Hobhouse of Woodborough used the term to refer to evidence which a court receives provisionally for the purpose of assessing its admissibility:
   A jury note or letter will, save in exceptional circumstances, always be looked at by the trial judge and, if there is an appeal, by the Court of Appeal (the legal expression is de bene esse – ie for what it is worth); its existence and character will normally be disclosed to the parties' counsel and submissions as to its significance, and/or responded to, be invited.

## United States

In the context of American law, a proceeding de bene esse is one "which [is] taken ex parte or provisionally and [is] allowed to stand as well done for the present." A deposition that is used or intended to be used in place of a witness' live testimony in court is referred to as a de bene esse deposition.
In past times, an appearance de bene esse was a special appearance made solely to contest jurisdiction. The procedure has long been abolished in most if not all jurisdictions in favor of allowing jurisdictional objections to be made either by motion or set out as an affirmative defense in a responsive pleading (an answer to the complaint): in the Federal courts, the procedure was superannuated by the adoption of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, and, in Pennsylvania, by a 1965 amendment to the state rules of civil procedure. The procedure has been referred to by sovereign citizens.

## Canada

In Canadian law, taking of commission evidence at a provincial court level - particularly in hearing the Oral Testimony of [Indigenous] Elders known better as “Elders Protocol”, must be specially requested and only admitted on the hearing Court’s acceptance and approval by issuing an “Elders Protocol Order”. Evidence given under such an Order can include oral stories and oral history, demonstrative evidence (ceremonies, dance, drums, song, dress), and other traditional customs the Elders may use to share their knowledge and stories relating to the case at hand. All such evidence must be taken de bene esse. For example, see Restoule et. al. v. Ontario (Court no. C-3512-14), and Restoule v. Canada (Court no. C-3512-14A).
# Amphipoea oculea

Amphipoea oculea, the ear moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761 and it is found in most of the Palearctic realm. It is widespread and common in southern England, and also occurs in Ireland and throughout continental Europe, with the exception of Albania, Greece and Turkey. It is one of four species that are difficult to tell apart, requiring the examination of the genitalia. The larvae feed in the stems and roots of low plants and grasses.

## Description

The wingspan is 29–34 mm. Forewing pale or dark ferruginous brown; the veins brown; inner and outer lines double, brown, wide apart; the inner curved outwards between, and toothed inwards on, the veins; the outer with the inner arm thin, lunulate-dentate, the outer thick, continuous and parallel; a thick dark median shade running between the stigmata; submarginal line indistinct, waved, angled on vein 7, above which it is preceded by a dark costal patch; orbicular stigma rounded, orange, with a brown ring; reniform white, with the veins across it brown and containing on the discocellular a brown-outlined lunule, of which the centre is yellowish; the colour with brown outline; hindwing fuscous grey, paler towards base; the fringe rufous tinged.
Adults are found from June to September depending on the location. There is one generation per year. At night the moths come to light and to flowers, honeydew and sugar. During the day it feeds on the flowers of thistles and ragwort.
The larvae feed, from April to June, on the stems and roots of various grasses and low plants, including butterbur (Petasites hybridus) and tufted hair-grass (Deschampsia cespitosa); preferring damp habitats.

## Similar species

Requiring genitalic examination to separate. See Townsend et al.
* Crinan ear (Amphipoea crinanensis)
* large ear (Amphipoea lucens)
* saltern ear (Amphipoea fucosa)

## Taxonomy

Carl Linnaeus, when describing the moth, placed it in the genus Phalaena, from a specimen found in Sweden. Phalaena is now an obsolete genus which was used by Linnaeus to house most of the moths. The moth is now placed in the genus Amphipoea which was raised by the Swedish anatomist Gustaf Johan Billberg in 1820. Amphipoea refers to Amphi – round and poa – grass; i.e. the habitat. The specific name, oculea, means eyed, from the reniform stigma, which British entomologists referred to as an 'ear'.
# Athboy River

The Athboy River (also known as the Yellow Ford River) is a river in Athboy, County Meath, Ireland. The river is a tributary of the River Boyne, meeting it near the town of Trim, County Meath.
# Kalskie Nowiny

Kalskie Nowiny (German: Kehlerwald) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Węgorzewo, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. On March 28, 1949, the official Polish name of the village was established as Kalskie Nowiny, with the genitive case defined as Kalskich Nowin and the adjective form as nowiński.
# Sortławki

Sortławki (German: Sortlack) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Bartoszyce and 50 km (31 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn.