OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Venality

Venality is a vice associated with being bribeable or willing to sell one's services or power, especially when people are intended to act in a decent way instead. In its most recognizable form, venality causes people to lie and steal for their own personal advantage, and is related to bribery and nepotism, among other vices. Though not in line with dictionary definitions of the term, modern writers often use it to connote vices only tangentially related to bribery or self-interest, such as cruelty, selfishness, and general dishonesty.

## Context

Venality in its mild form is a vice notable especially among those with government or military careers. For example, the Ancien Régime in France from the 1500s through the late 1700s, was notorious for the venality of many government officials. In these fields, one is ideally supposed to act with justice and honor and not accept bribes. That ensures that the organization is not susceptible to manipulation by self-interested parties.
In contrast to the previous interpretation, dishonesty is not specifically expressed in the literal meaning, but is often implied. The condition of failing to act justly is not a literal component of the word's meaning either. By definition, committing "venal" acts does not indicate "stealing" or "lying", but rather suggests a consensual arrangement, perhaps without conscience or regard for consequences, but is not synonymous with stealing. While bribery could be related, nepotism clearly has no literal similarity or correlation with venality. Though venality is generally used as a pejorative term, an individual or entity could be venal (or mercenary) and not be corrupt or unethical. One could perform one's duties or job in a perfunctory manner in order to collect a wage or payment, or prostitute one's time or skills for monetary or material gain, without necessarily being dishonest.
Much contemporary use of the words venal or venality is applied to modern professional athletes, particularly baseball, basketball, American football, and soccer players all around the world. The implication being that the highly paid players are essentially "hired guns" with no allegiance to any team or city, and are motivated solely by the acquisition of material wealth.

## In revolution and other moral panics

For people to accept settlements and legislation, the acts of the government must be seen as just. This perception enhances the legitimacy of the government. Venality is a term often used with reference to pre-revolutionary France, where it describes the then-widespread practice of selling administrative positions within the government to the highest bidder, especially regarding the Nobles of the Robe.
Thus, for example, venality was a charge for which, in part, Danton and others were executed during the Reign of Terror.
# Junglee (2009 film)

Junglee is a 2009 Indian Kannada language romantic action film directed by Suri and produced by Rockline Venkatesh under Rockline Entertainments. It stars Duniya Vijay in his second collaboration with Suri after Duniya, alongside Aindrita Ray, Rangayana Raghu, Balu Nagendra and Adi Lokesh.
Deepu. S. Kumar won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor (2008–09) for the film.

## Cast

* Duniya Vijay as Junglee Prabhakar
* Andritha Ray as Padma
* Rangayana Raghu as Gudde Narasimha
* Balu Nagendra as Krishna
* Adi Lokesh
* Suresh Chandra as Guruswamy
* Megha Bhagavatar
* Sanketh Kashi as Padma's father
* Jaidev Mohan as Jumki
* Naveen
* Shobaraj in a cameo appearance
* Bhaskar Surya
* Anil Kumar
* Raghava Uday
* R. G. Vijayasarathy
* Arasu Maharaj
* Nanjunda as Malli, Guruswamy's rival
* Ravi Santhehaklu
* Manjunath S. T.
* Lalithamma
* Vikram Mor
* Vinod
* Chinnayya
* Yathiraj as a police constable
* Rachana Mourya - cameo appearance in the song "Ee Majavada Moggu"

## Soundtrack

| Track # | Song | Singer(s) | Lyricist |
| 1 | "Hale Paatre" | Kailash Kher, Sowmya Raoh | Yograj Bhat |
| 2 | "Neenendare" | Sonu Nigam | Jayant Kaikini |
| 3 | "Ee Majavada" | Suma Shastry | Yogaraj Bhat |
| 4 | "O Nalmeya" | M. D. Pallavi Arun | Jayanth Kaikini |
| 5 | "Junglee Shivalingu" | Tippu, Anuradha Bhat, Rangayana Raghu, Chorus | Yograj Bhat |
| 6 | "Thale BaachkoLo" | Vijay, Rangayana Raghu (backing) | Yograj Bhat |

## Reception
### Critical response

R. G. Vijayasarathy of Rediff gave 2/5 stars and wrote "All in all, Junglee is an ordinary film from Soori's stable." Sify wrote that "Action lovers will not be disappointed." Bangalore Mirror wrote "Overall the film is a freak of Sandalwood that will give the audience at least a headache." The Times of India gave two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote "In his enthusiasm to give another Duniya-like hit, Suri has faltered in selecting a good story, narration and failed to understand the pulse of the audience by imposing what he wants on them".
# Juan Rejas

Juan Rejas (born 14 August 1962) is a Peruvian weightlifter. He competed in the men's light heavyweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Roger Soler

Roger Soler (born 20 September 1960) is a Peruvian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Soler finished eighth in the 10000 metres at the 1987 Pan American Games.
# Máximo Reyes

Máximo Reyes (born 8 January 1929, date of death unknown) was a Peruvian sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Habib Ben Azzabi

Habib Ben Azzabi (born 6 August 1937) is a Tunisian modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, finishing seventeenth and fifty-seventh in the Team and Individual Modern Pentathlon events respectively.
# Mounir Jelili

Mounir Jelili (Arabic: منير الجليلي; 11 June 1949 – 24 January 2023) was a Tunisian handball player. He was a member of the Tunisia men's national handball team. He was part of the team at the 1972 Summer Olympics playing one match and at the 1976 Summer Olympics. On club level he played for Espérance ST in Tunis.
Mounir Jelili was the older brother of handballer Mohamed Naceur Jelili who also competed for the Tunisian team at the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.
Jelili died on 24 January 2023, at the age of 73.
# Khemais Refai

Khemais Refai (born 17 July 1960) is a Tunisian boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Infantryman 2000

The Infantryman 2000 was a future soldier concept developed by Scicon Limited in 1984 intended to be used by the British Army in the year 2000. The project was cancelled before it could advance beyond prototype stages.

## Equipment
### Helmet

The helmet had a tinted screen with an internal head up display, laser rangefinder and an infrared camera to give 360 degrees vision, internal speaker/radio and filtration equipment.

### Suit

The suit had an internal heating system to regulate the body temperature. It was also thick enough to withstand toxic agents, but able to give an equal sense of touch to the soldiers own skin. The boots had microwave sensing devices to detect landmines.

### Backpack

The backpack had a high speed computer connected to the helmet, boots, programming pad, gloves and weapon. Also the backpack has twin ground to air launchers.

### Weapon

The weapon was intended as a 4.7mm caseless/10mm grenade launching rifle with an offset handle/scope. There are some reports two functioning prototypes were completed apart from the PR & ergonomic handling mockups.
# Convent of Santa Clara of Gandia

The Convent of Santa Clara is 15th-century, Roman Catholic convent belonging to cloistered order of the Colettine Poor Clares, and located in the town of Gandia, province of Valencia, Spain. It is located in the centre of Gandia and at few meters from the Collegiate Basilica of Gandia, in María Enríquez de Luna square.

## History

The Convent of Santa Clara was founded in 1431 by Violante of Aragon, daughter of Alfonso of Aragon and Foix, Royal Duke of Gandía. It is a clear demonstration of the historical and artistic significance of the city. The Gothic-style church houses an altarpiece by Paolo da San Leocadio. There were many women of the Borgia family who spent his life in this convent.
After the death of its founder, Violante of Aragon, spend a few years in which the convent is practically uninhabited. Later, the valencian noble Luis Vich y de Corbera will be who decided to restore this convent. The convent was the new home for ten nuns from the same community who abandoned her French convent of the city of Lézignan-Corbières. Among these nuns was also María Escarlata, the sister of the French Prince. She took refuge in the convent of Gandia fleeing of being married by force.
María Enríquez de Luna, Duchess of Gandia entered the convent with the name of Sister Gabriela. She became Abbess of the convent in 1530, and died nine years later. Later, would be his daughter, Sister Francisca de Jesús which was chosen abbess of the convent in 1533, and ruled it until in 1548, he resigned to foundations away from their family environment. He had the satisfaction of seeing religious of his convent of Gandia to his own mother, Sister María Gabriela and five nieces, daughters of his brother Juan de Borja y Enríquez de Luna, sisters of Saint Francis Borgia.
In the courtyard of the convent is an olive tree which according to tradition was planted by Saint Francis Borgia. The convent has the image of the Virgin of Baluarte, the Virgin of the Bastion.

## Art collection

The convent preserves an outstanding art collection bequeathed by the Borgias including the works of José de Ribera, Juan de Juanes, Paolo da San Leocadio, Francisco Salzillo or Francisco Ribalta school painters. In 2010 the convent signed a collaboration agreement which yields works to the Town Hall of Gandia that are a part of the future Museum of the Poor Clares, at the old Sant Marc Hospital.

## Visits

It is a cloistered convent, so it is only possible to visit the church of Valencian Gothic style which is located on the right side of the construction.
# Heinrich Friese

Heinrich Friedrich August Karl Ludwig Friese (4 May 1860, Schwerin – 8 September 1948, Schwerin) was a German biologist and entomologist, a specialist of bees (melittologist). Between 1883 and 1939, he described 1,989 new species and 564 new varieties or subspecies of insects, 99% of which were bees.

## Major works

He has published 270 scientific articles, including a 6-volume report on European bees (1895-1901).
* Die Apidae (Blumenwespen) von Argentina nach den Reisenergebnissen der Herren A. C. Jensen-Haarup und P. Jörgensen in den Jahren 1904—1907, 1908
* Die Bienen Europas (Apidae europaeae). Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1969 (Nachdruck der Erstausgabe 1895—1901)
* Megachilinae, Hymenoptera; Apidae. Friedländer, Berlin 1911
* Die europäischen Bienen (Apidae) — Das Leben und Wirken unserer Blumenwespen. Eine Darstellung der Lebensweise unserer wilden wie gesellig lebenden Bienen nach eigenen Untersuchungen für Naturfreunde, Lehrer u. Zoologen. Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger, Berlin, Leipzig 1922

## Tributes

The bee genus Eufriesea is named after him, along with stingless bee (Meliponini) genus Frieseomelitta, as well as a number of separate species such as Megachile friesei and Sphecodes friesei.
# Helosciadium nodiflorum

Helosciadium nodiflorum (synonym: Apium nodiflorum), fool's watercress, is a flowering plant found in ditches or streams, as well as fresh and brackish-water wetlands native to western Europe. It is not poisonous to humans but it could be easily confused with the allegedly poisonous lesser water parsnip.

## Description

Helosciadium nodiflorum is a low-growing or prostrate hairless perennial up to 1 m tall, with a thick, hollow, faintly ridged stem which, when lying down (procumbent) produces roots at the nodes. It has glossy pinnate leaves, each of which has 4-6 opposite pairs of toothed, oval to lanceolate leaflets that are slightly paler green on the undersides. There are ridges at the nodes of the leaflets which are often paler than the rhachis and look like rings. (Note, this is different from lesser water-parsnip, which has a ring on the petiole.) The petioles are hollow with a distinctive single groove on upper surface, and may be streaked with red/purple lines; they are laterally inflated towards the base and clasp the stem. The crushed leaves smell of carrot.

## Taxonomy

In 2010 a taxonomic revision demonstrated that the genus Apium was polyphyletic and needed to be split into three genera. Five of the 7 European species of Apium were therefore moved to the genus Helosciadium, as had first been proposed by Wilhelm Koch in 1824. Apium nodiflorum was among them, and is therefore now correctly called Helosciadium nodiflorum W.D.J. Koch.
The genus is noted for the high rate of hybridization between its species, and the following hybrids have been described:
* × Beruladium procurrens A.C. Leslie (Berula erecta × H. nodiflorum)
* Helosciadium × moorei (Syme) Warren (Helosciadium inundatum (L.) W.D.J. Koch × H. nodiflorum)
* Helosciadium × longipedunculatum (F.W. Schultz) Desjardins (Helosciadium repens (Jacq.) W.D.J. Koch × H. nodiflorum)
* Helosciadium × clandestinum Rita, Capó & Cursach (Helosciadium bermejoi (L. Llorens) Popper & M.F. Watson × H. nodiflorum)

## Distribution and habitat

Helosciadium nodiflorum is common throughout England, Wales and Ireland but much less so in Scotland. It often grows with watercress in wet places. It blooms in July and August and is found in wet habitats including ditches, springs, fens and ponds. The species is also widely documented from brackish estuarine/salt marsh habitats.

## Uses

Wild fool's watercress has been traditionally harvested and consumed in several Mediterranean countries, including Spain, Italy, Portugal and Morocco The edible young leaves and tender shoots can be used raw in salads, boiled, or used as a condiment in soups and other dishes.
# IEEE Founders Medal

The IEEE Founders Medal is an award presented for outstanding contributions in the leadership, planning, and administration of affairs of great value to the electrical and electronics engineering profession. It may be presented to an individual or team of up to three in number. This medal was established by the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) in 1952. The medal continued to be awarded after the merge of the IRE with the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) in 1963 to form the IEEE. Recipients of this medal receive a gold medal, bronze replica, certificate, and cash honorarium.
The award is sponsored by the IEEE Foundation.
The basis for Judging: In the evaluation process, the following criteria are considered: outstanding leadership, planning or administration of affairs related to the profession, major industry administrator and manager of a complex scientific mission. An additional consideration may be service to the IEEE beyond normal expectations.
Nomination deadline: 1 July
Notification: Recipients are typically approved during the November IEEE Board of Directors meeting. Recipients and their nominators will be notified following the meeting. Then the nominators of unsuccessful candidates will be notified of the status of their nomination.
Presentation: At the annual IEEE Honors Ceremony

## Recipients

The following people have received the IEEE Founders Medal:
* 2025: Mung Chiang
* 2024: Tsu-Jae King Liu
* 2023: Rodney Brooks
* 2022: John Brooks Slaughter
* 2021: Henry Samueli
* 2020: Jensen Huang
* 2019: Robin Saxby
* 2018: Narayana Murthy
* 2017: Takeo Kanade
* 2016: No award
* 2015: James D. Plummer
* 2014: Eric Schmidt
* 2013: Leo Beranek
* 2012: Faqir Chand Kohli
* 2011: James F. Gibbons
* 2010: Paul E. Gray
* 2009: Craig R. Barrett
* 2008: Steven Sample
* 2007: Anita K. Jones
* 2006: Toshiharu Aoki
* 2005: Eugene Wong
* 2004: Mildred Dresselhaus
* 2003: Ray Stata
* 2002: Thomas E. Everhart
* 2001: Robert A. Frosch
* 2000: Robert W. Galvin
* 1999: Benjamin M. Rosen
* 1998: Alan W. Rudge
* 1997: Gordon E. Moore
* 1996: Norman R. Augustine
* 1995: Malcolm R. Currie
* 1994: Akio Morita
* 1993: Kenneth H. Olsen
* 1992: Roland W. Schmitt
* 1991: Irwin Dorros
* 1990: Erich Bloch
* 1989: Ivan A. Getting
* 1988: Ian Munro Ross
* 1987: James B. Owens
* 1986: George H. Heilmeier
* 1985: William C. Norris
* 1984: Koji Kobayashi
* 1983: Joseph M. Pettit
* 1982: Shigeru Yonezawa
* 1981: James Hillier
* 1980: Simon Ramo
* 1979: Hanzo Omi
* 1978: Donald G. Fink
* 1977: Jerome B. Weisner
* 1976: Edward W. Herold
* 1975: John Grist Brainerd
* 1974: Lawrence A. Hyland
* 1973: William R. Hewlett and David Packard
* 1972: Masaru Ibuka
* 1971: Ernst Weber
* 1970: Morris D. Hooven
* 1969: E. Finley Carter
* 1968: Patrick E. Haggerty
* 1967: Harvey Fletcher
* 1966: Elmer W. Engstrom
* 1965: No Award
* 1964: Andrew G. L. McNaughton
* 1963: Frederick E. Terman
* 1962: No Award
* 1961: Ralph Bown
* 1960: Haraden Pratt
* 1959: No Award
* 1958: W.R.G. Baker
* 1957: Raymond A. Heising
* 1956: No Award
* 1955: No Award
* 1954: Alfred N. Goldsmith
* 1953: David Sarnoff
# Herb Hunter (baseball)

Herbert Harrison Hunter (December 25, 1895 – July 25, 1970) was a utility infielder–outfielder in Major League Baseball who played parts of four seasons between 1916 and 1921. Listed at 6 ft 0.5 in (1.84 m), 165 lb., Hunter batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

## Early career

After making his debut for the New York Giants in 1916, Hunter was soon traded by the Giants, along with Larry Doyle and Merwin Jacobson, to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for Heinie Zimmerman and Mickey Doolan. He played two games with the Cubs in 1916 and another three in 1917. During World War I, Hunter served in the United States Navy, missing both the 1918 and 1919 seasons.

## Post-World War I

After the war, Hunter surfaced for another brief major league stint in 1920, this time for the Boston Red Sox. Later that year, Hunter organized a team of minor and major league players — dubbed the Hunter All-Americans — to go on a barnstorming tour of Japan, the first of three such trips he would put together.
In 1921, Hunter made his last big league appearance, a nine-game stint with the St. Louis Cardinals during which he served mostly as a pinch runner (though not a very successful one, as he was caught on all three of his stolen base attempts).

## Minor leagues and more touring

His major league career over, Hunter put together another barnstorming tour of Japan in 1922, this time with a larger contingent of major league players. Hunter continued to play in the minor leagues through 1929. Then, in 1931, he put together one more tour of Japan, and this time the roster was much more impressive, featuring several future Hall of Famers, including Lefty Grove, Lou Gehrig, and Mickey Cochrane.

## Post-baseball life

Financial concerns caused Hunter to get out of the touring team business, turning things over to Lefty O'Doul for future endeavors. After again serving in the U.S. Navy in World War II, Hunter moved to Orlando, Florida, going into the real estate business. He died there in 1970 at the age of 74.
# ASNOM Memorial Center

The ASNOM memorial center is a building located in the village of Pelince, in the northern part of North Macedonia.
It was built in 2004 and is a copy of the original building where the first plenary session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of Macedonia (ASNOM) was held, which is located in the Prohor Pčinjski monastery in neighboring Serbia, two kilometers from the memorial center.
It is therefore a building with great historical importance for the Macedonian citizens and the country. Every year the Day of the Republic is celebrated here by thousands of people and the president or the prime minister of North Macedonia being guests and holding speeches. Next to the building a library, a typical Macedonian restaurant and a park were constructed.

## Gallery

* Macedonian Alphabet (Azbuka) at ASNOM M.C.
* Mozaic at ASNOM M.C.
* Mozaic at ASNOM M.C. (2)
# Chenar Rural District

Chenar Rural District (Persian: دهستان چنار) is in Kabgian District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Dam Chenar-e Hadiabad.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as a part of Dana County) was 2,297 in 499 households. There were 1,958 inhabitants in 486 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 1,761 in 465 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county to join Boyer-Ahmad County. The most populous of its 34 villages was Muger, with 587 people.
# Maria Chiara

Maria Chiara (born 24 November 1939) is an Italian lyric soprano.

## Early life and education

On 24 November 1939, Chiara was born in Oderzo, Italy. She studied at the Venice Conservatory and in Turin with bass Antonio Cassinelli and soprano Maria Carbone.

## Career

Chiara made her debut in Venice in 1965, as Desdemona in Otello.
Chiara frequently performed roles from the operas of Giacomo Puccini and Giuseppe Verdi, including Aida, Violetta Valéry in La traviata, and the title roles in Tosca and Madama Butterfly.
At the Teatro alla Scala, Chiara appeared in Carmen (as Micaëla, conducted by Georges Prêtre, 1972) and Aida (with Luciano Pavarotti, conducted by Lorin Maazel and directed by Luca Ronconi, 1985—a performance now on DVD). With the Metropolitan Opera, she sang in four performances of La traviata (opposite John Alexander and Louis Quilico), in 1977.
Although retired as a performer, Chiara remains active in the training of new singers.
# Mohamed Naouar

Mohamed Naouar (born 9 July 1965) is a Tunisian wrestler. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Ali Tawfik Youssif

Ali Tawfik Youssif (Arabic: علي توفيق يوسف, born 15 April 1924) was an Egyptian rower. He competed in the men's coxed pair event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Kouassi Brou

Kouassi Franck Olivier Brou (born 16 June 1992) is an Ivorian swimmer specializing in freestyle. He competed in the men's 50 m event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Cheick Sallah Cissé

Cheick Sallah Cissé (born 19 September 1993) is an Ivorian taekwondo athlete. He won the gold medal in the men's heavyweight event at the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships held in Baku, Azerbaijan.
After winning gold at the 2015 African Games in the men's 80 kg, he represented Ivory Coast at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro in the same category. He reached the final of the tournament, competing against Britain's Lutalo Muhammad. Behind by six points to five, Cissé scored with a head-kick in the final second of the match to win the tie 8–6 and take the gold medal. The gold was Ivory Coast's first ever Olympic title, and came on a night where Ruth Gbagbi won a bronze in the women's 67 kg taekwondo, increasing the country's all-time Olympic medals from one to three in one session.
He also qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's 80 kg event.
# John A. Holmes High School

John A. Holmes High School is a public high school located in Edenton, North Carolina. The school has a Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program.