# Murdochville

Murdochville (French pronunciation: ) is a city in Quebec, Canada, one of only a few inland communities on the Gaspé Peninsula. Its population (as of 2021) is 643.

## History

In 1921, copper ore was discovered in the area by the Miller brothers: Alfred, Sydney, Frederick, Angus and Theophilus. However, it was not until 1950 that Noranda Mines actually began mining. The mining town was set up and named after James Y. Murdoch, owner of the mine and first president of Noranda. In 1953, the town was incorporated.
The mining operation in the town was comparatively large, starting with mining the raw ore and finishing with an end product of pure copper anode. In the 1970s, the mining operation in Murdochville was large enough to support a population of 5,000 inhabitants. A number of large union battles in Murdochville also helped lay the groundwork for ideas that still exist today. The 1957 Murdochville strike led to the adoption of several new laws protecting the rights of unionized workers in Quebec.
In 1987, the mine was partially destroyed by an underground fire, and mining only resumed two years later.
The mine closed in 1999, leaving the town to fight for survival. After several close calls, the small town has decided to fight back, in an effort to reverse the economic uncertainty that has befallen the town. This has included the creation of several large wind turbine projects, along with the diversification of the local economy, with emphasis on tourism (such as skiing in the winter months).

## Geography

Murdochville is located along Quebec Route 198 in the geographic township of Holland, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of L'Anse-Pleureuse and 93 kilometres (58 mi) west of Gaspé. It is 535 metres (1,755 ft) above sea level and surrounded by high mountains.

### Climate

Murdochville has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb). Summers are relatively cool and short, whereas winters are long and at times very cold with massive amounts of snowfall. The brief summers are, however, mild enough to keep September (the fourth-warmest month) right above the 10 °C (50 °F) isotherm for a humid continental climate.
Climate data for Murdochville, Quebec :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) | 15.6 (60.1) | 16.7 (62.1) | 23.5 (74.3) | 29.4 (84.9) | 33.0 (91.4) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.8 (91.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 24.0 (75.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 10.6 (51.1) | 33.5 (92.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) | −7.9 (17.8) | −1.7 (28.9) | 5.2 (41.4) | 12.5 (54.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 21.0 (69.8) | 20.2 (68.4) | 14.3 (57.7) | 7.3 (45.1) | 0.5 (32.9) | −5.9 (21.4) | 6.2 (43.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −13.8 (7.2) | −12.7 (9.1) | −6.3 (20.7) | 0.8 (33.4) | 7.5 (45.5) | 13.1 (55.6) | 16.2 (61.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 3.9 (39.0) | −2.8 (27.0) | −9.7 (14.5) | 1.8 (35.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −17.3 (0.9) | −11.0 (12.2) | −3.6 (25.5) | 2.4 (36.3) | 7.9 (46.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 10.9 (51.6) | 6.0 (42.8) | 0.5 (32.9) | −6.0 (21.2) | −13.5 (7.7) | −2.6 (27.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −36.1 (−33.0) | −36.7 (−34.1) | −29.0 (−20.2) | −22.2 (−8.0) | −12.8 (9.0) | −3.9 (25.0) | 1.5 (34.7) | −1.7 (28.9) | −6.1 (21.0) | −15.0 (5.0) | −21.0 (−5.8) | −30.5 (−22.9) | −36.7 (−34.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 101 (4.0) | 73 (2.9) | 102 (4.0) | 80 (3.1) | 64 (2.5) | 87 (3.4) | 111 (4.4) | 96 (3.8) | 79 (3.1) | 87 (3.4) | 111 (4.4) | 127 (5.0) | 1,118 (44) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 91.1 (35.9) | 68.5 (27.0) | 91.4 (36.0) | 56.7 (22.3) | 10.6 (4.2) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.0) | 0.5 (0.2) | 23.4 (9.2) | 77.3 (30.4) | 111.5 (43.9) | 531.4 (209.2) |
| Average precipitation days | 14.8 | 12.8 | 13.9 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 13.7 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 169.6 |
| Average rainy days | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 4.7 | 10.7 | 13.7 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 10.0 | 5.2 | 2.0 | 91.4 |
| Average snowy days | 14.2 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 8.3 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 4.8 | 13.2 | 16.2 | 84.4 |
| Source: ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Murdochville had a population of 643 living in 327 of its 476 total private dwellings, a change of -1.2% from its 2016 population of 651. With a land area of 60.84 km$^2$ (23.49 sq mi), it had a population density of 10.6/km$^2$ (27.4/sq mi) in 2021.
Canada Census Mother Tongue - Murdochville, Quebec :
| Census | Total | French | French | French | English | English | English | French & English | French & English | French & English | Other | Other | Other |
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2021 | 640 | 615 | 0.8% | 96.1% | 15 | 25.0% | 2.3% | 5 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 2016 | 655 | 620 | 14.5% | 94.7% | 20 | 33.3% | 3.1% | 5 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 2011 | 760 | 725 | 0.0% | 95.4% | 30 | 0.0% | 4.0% | 5 | n/a% | 0.7% | 0 | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| 2006 | 805 | 725 | 34.4% | 90.1% | 30 | 14.3% | 3.7% | 0 | 100.0% | 0.0% | 50 | 400.0% | 6.2% |
| 2001 | 1,175 | 1,105 | 25.6% | 94.0% | 35 | 65.0% | 3.0% | 25 | 150.0% | 2.1% | 10 | n/a% | 0.9% |
| 1996 | 1,595 | 1,485 | n/a | 93.1% | 100 | n/a | 6.3% | 10 | n/a | 0.6% | 0 | n/a | 0.0% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1956 | 1,694 | — |
| 1961 | 2,951 | +74.2% |
| 1966 | 3,028 | +2.6% |
| 1971 | 2,891 | −4.5% |
| 1976 | 3,704 | +28.1% |
| 1981 | 3,396 | −8.3% |
| 1986 | 2,302 | −32.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1991 | 1,689 | −26.6% |
| 1996 | 1,595 | −5.6% |
| 2001 | 1,171 | −26.6% |
| 2006 | 812 | −30.7% |
| 2011 | 764 | −5.9% |
| 2016 | 651 | −14.8% |
| 2021 | 643 | −1.2% |
Population counts are not adjusted for boundary changes. Source: Statistics Canada :