OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Don Page (physicist)

Don Nelson Page FRSC (born December 31, 1948) is an American-born Canadian theoretical physicist at the University of Alberta, Canada.

## Work

Page's work focuses on quantum cosmology and theoretical gravitational physics, and he is noted for being a doctoral student of Stephen Hawking, who was at Caltech during 1974-1975, in addition to publishing several journal articles with him. Page got his BA at William Jewell College in the United States in 1971, attaining an MS in 1972 and a PhD in 1976 at Caltech.
His professional career started as a research assistant in Cambridge from 1976-1979, followed by an assistant professorship at Penn State from 1979-1983, and then an associate professor at Penn State until 1986 before taking on the title of professor in 1986. Page spent four more years at Penn State before moving to become a professor at the University of Alberta in Canada in 1990.
In 1993, he argued that if a black hole starts in a pure quantum state and evaporates completely by a unitary process, the von Neumann entropy of the Hawking radiation initially increases and then decreases back to zero when the black hole has disappeared. This is known as the Page curve, and the turnover point of the curve the Page time. For many researchers, deriving the Page curve is synonymous with solving the famous black hole information paradox.$^{:291}$

## Awards and honors

In 2012, Page became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

## Religious views

Page is an Evangelical Christian. In commenting on the debate between William Lane Craig and Sean Carroll in 2014, he states in a guest post on Carroll's website that: "...in view of all the evidence, including both the elegance of the laws of physics, the existence of orderly sentient experiences, and the historical evidence, I do believe that God exists and think the world is actually simpler if it contains God than it would have been without God." In the same post he criticises William Lane Craig's Kalam Cosmological Argument, saying that it "is highly dubious metaphysically, depending on contingent intuitions [i.e. the first premise] we have developed from living in a universe with relatively simple laws of physics and with a strong thermodynamic arrow of time."
# 2000–01 in Belgian football

The 2000–01 season was the 98th competitive season in Belgian football.

## National team

Belgium began their qualifying campaign for the Football World Cup 2002.
| Date | Venue | Opponents | Score* | Comp | Belgium scorers | Match Report |
| 16 August 2000 | Vasil Levski National Stadium, Sofia (A) | Bulgaria | 3-1 | F | Gert Verheyen (2), Emile Mpenza | www.footbel.be |
| 2 September 2000 | King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels (H) | Croatia | 0–0 | WCQ | | www.footbel.be |
| 7 October 2000 | Riga (A) | Latvia | 4–0 | WCQ | Marc Wilmots, Bob Peeters, Jurgen Cavens, Gert Verheyen | www.footbel.be |
| 28 February 2001 | King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels (H) | San Marino | 10-1 | WCQ | Yves Vanderhaeghe (2), Emile Mpenza, Bart Goor (2), Walter Baseggio, Marc Wilmots, Bob Peeters (3) | www.footbel.be |
| 24 March 2001 | Hampden Park, Glasgow (A) | Scotland | 2-2 | WCQ | Marc Wilmots, Daniel Van Buyten | www.footbel.be |
| 25 April 2001 | Toyota Arena, Prague (A) | Czech Republic | 1-1 | F | Emile Mpenza | www.footbel.be |
| 2 June 2001 | King Baudouin Stadium, Brussels (H) | Latvia | 3-1 | WCQ | Marc Wilmots, Emile Mpenza, Mihails Zemļinskis (og) | www.footbel.be |
| 6 June 2001 | Serravalle (A) | San Marino | 4-1 | WCQ | Marc Wilmots (2), Gert Verheyen, Wesley Sonck | www.footbel.be |
* Belgium score given first
Key
* H = Home match
* A = Away match
* F = Friendly
* WCQ = FIFA World Cup 2002 Qualifying, Group 6
* og = own goal

## Honours

| Competition | Winner |
| Jupiler League | Anderlecht |
| Cup | Westerlo |
| Supercup | Anderlecht |
| Second division | Lommel |
| Third division A | Ronse |
| Third division B | Virton |
# Codrington Lagoon

Codrington Lagoon is a long lagoon which takes up much of the west of the Caribbean island of Barbuda. Its access to the sea was once only via Cuffy Creek, at the northern tip of the lagoon, but in 2019 the western edge of the lagoon was destroyed by storms and the lagoon is now completely open to the sea. The water is shallow, and much of the shore of the northern half of the lagoon is marshland. The town of Codrington, the main settlement on the island, is located on the eastern shore of the lagoon.

## Frigatebird colony

To the north of the lagoon is a magnificent frigatebird colony, on the tiny Man of War Island. The colony, known as the Frigate Bird Sanctuary, is one of the main ecotourism attractions in Barbuda. The colony is the largest in the Caribbean region, and is a Ramsar site.
During the mating season, from September to April, this rare bird displays a huge scarlet throat pouch to attract a female mate; the pair will lay one egg on a nest built precariously on the mangrove. These birds cannot walk or swim; they soar high in the clouds and live solely on fish, which they often steal from other birds, giving them their local name, Man of war. They have few predators here, making this nesting site one of the most important in the world for the endangered birds.
It had an estimated 2,500 nesting pairs prior to Hurricane Irma landfall in September 2017. The lagoon was hit by Hurricane Irma's storm surge and its impact on the colony is still unknown.
# Peter B. Armentrout

Peter B. Armentrout (born 1953) is a researcher in thermochemistry, kinetics, and dynamics of simple and complex chemical reactions. He is a Chemistry Professor at the University of Utah.

## Career

Armentrout received his B.S. degree from Case Western Reserve University in 1975 and earned his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1980. During these studies he determined that much of the published information on thermodynamic states was not reliable, or was presented in differing formats. When he became a research professor he used this frustration as motivation to invent and construct the guided ion-beam tandem mass spectrometer, which provided highly accurate thermodynamic measurements. With this instrument in hand, he went on to invent or improve tools to analyze those measurements, including advanced computer algorithms. He has published much data on the properties of transition metals, and has worked most recently on the thermodynamic properties of biological systems.

## Awards

* 1984–1989 National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award
* 2001 Biemann Medal
* Case Western Chemistry Department - Outstanding Alumnus of the Year
* American Chemical Society Utah Section - Award of Chemistry
* Member of Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society
* 2009 American Chemical Society – Award for Outstanding Achievement in Mass Spectrometry
# Rumen Dimitrov

Rumen Dimitrov (Bulgarian: Румен Димитров; born May 10, 1982) is a Bulgarian Sambo practitioner and mixed martial artist who has won gold and two bronze medals at the Combat Sambo World Championships.

## Sambo career

Part of the Dimitrov family which has produced significant success in Combat Sambo for Bulgaria, Rumen has medaled two consecutive years in the middleweight category for Combat Sambo. When he was a child he weighed around 100 kilograms, but his coach Gele , who taught him sambo and judo, made him the professional he is today.

## Mixed martial arts career

Competing primarily in Bulgaria, Dimitrov has proven himself to be a rising prospect much like his brother Rosen Dimitrov. He is the current MAX FIGHT middleweight champion, which is a Bulgarian promotion.

## Mixed martial arts record

Professional record breakdown :
| 16 matches | 13 wins | 0 losses |
| By knockout | 6 | 0 |
| By submission | 5 | 0 |
| By decision | 2 | 0 |
| Draws | 2 | 2 |
| No contests | 1 | 1 |
| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| NC | 13-0-2 (1) | Ronny Alexander Landaeta Utrera | No Contest | MAXFIGHT 28 | August 2, 2012 | 3 | 5:00 | Sveti Vlas, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 13-0-2 | Nikolay Krastev | Submission (kimura) | ММА MAXFIGHT-27 | June 16, 2012 | 1 | 2:14 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 12-0-2 | Mikel Cortes | TKO (punches) | ММА MAXFIGHT-21 | May 27, 2011 | 1 | 2:39 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 11-0-2 | Shonie Carter | TKO (punches) | ММА MAXFIGHT-19 | March 10, 2011 | 2 | 2:48 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 10-0-2 | Ivan Ivanov | TKO (punches) | BMMAF - Warriors 18 | December 17, 2010 | 1 | 3:17 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 9-0-2 | Nikolai Alexiev | Decision (unanimous) | ММА MAXFIGHT-16 | August 2, 2010 | 2 | 5:00 | Sveti Vlas, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 8-0-2 | Ignas Petkus | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Real Pain Challenge: Domination | April 10, 2010 | 1 | N/A | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 7-0-2 | Ivan Simic | Submission (guillotine choke) | BMMAF - Warriors 9 | August 2, 2009 | 1 | 0:53 | Sveti Vlas, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 6-0-2 | Hristo Shirev | TKO (punches) | WFC 7 Gudejev vs. Carvalho | April 4, 2009 | 2 | 3:34 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Draw | 5-0-2 | Bastien Huveneers | Draw | BMMAF Warriors 5 | September 28, 2008 | 2 | 5:00 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 5-0-1 | Michele Verginelli | Decision (split) | Real Pain Challenge 2 | May 17, 2008 | 3 | 5:00 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 4-0-1 | Hristo Shirev | TKO (punches) | Real Pain Challenge 1 | March 9, 2008 | 2 | 3:36 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 3-0-1 | Marko Djukic | Submission (armbar) | BCM MMA Open Sofia | December 21, 2007 | 2 | 1:47 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 2-0-1 | Vladimir Shumanov | KO | Shooto - Bulgaria | October 6, 2007 | 1 | 1:43 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Draw | 1-0-1 | Stoyan Dimitar | Draw | Shooto - Bulgaria | May 12, 2007 | 2 | 5:00 | Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Win | 1-0-0 | Ricardo Tannus | Submission | Ichigeki - Bulgaria | May 5, 2007 | 1 | 1:45 | Sofia, Bulgaria | MMA Debut |
# Gösta Hallberg

Gösta Hallberg (4 August 1891 – 16 November 1978) was a Swedish athlete who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. In 1912 he finished 13th in the high jump competition.
# Roman Szturc

Roman Szturc (born 25 September 1989) is a Czech professional ice hockey player who is currently a free agent. He played with HC Vítkovice Ridera in the Czech Extraliga from 2007 until 2019.
# Nanfu Battery

Nanfu Battery (Chinese: 南孚电池), full name Fujian Nanping Nanfu Battery, Co., Ltd., is a Chinese alkaline battery manufacturer and supplier. Nanfu Battery is headquartered in Nanping, Fujian province, China. Nanfu Battery holds the number one position in China's alkaline battery market with over eighty percent of the country's market share.
Nanfu Battery products are also available for the American market via online sales platforms such as eBay and Amazon.

## History

Fujian Nanping Nanfu Battery, Co., Ltd. was founded in 1988. The company owns over three million retail outlets in China. In August 2003, Gillette acquired a seventy-two percent stake in the company. Procter & Gamble (P&G) purchased Gillette in 2005 along with Gillette's stake in Nanfu Battery. CDH Investments then purchased P&G's 78.8 percent equity stake in Nanfu Battery in November 2014.

## Products

The company's major products are alkaline battery products, including AA, AAA, D, C, and 9V batteries. The company also produces lithium batteries.
# Dakshin Barasat

South Barasat is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Jaynagar Majilpur police station in the Jaynagar I CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

Baruipur subdivision is a rural subdivision with moderate levels of urbanization. 31.05% of the population lives in the urban areas and 68.95% lives in the rural areas. In the southern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 20 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the southern part is covered by the Baruipur-Jaynagar Plain. Archaeological excavations at Dhosa and Tilpi, on the bank of the Piyali River indicate the existence of human habitation around 2,000 years ago.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Dakshin Barasat is located at 22°13′58″N 88°26′42″E﻿ / ﻿22.2327°N 88.4451°E﻿ / 22.2327; 88.4451.
Dakshin Barasat is not identified as a separate town in 2011 census. As per the map of the Jaynagar I CD block, it seems to be a part of Raynagar.

## Transport

Dakshin Barasat is on the State Highway 1.
Dakshin Barasat railway station is on the Sealdah–Namkhana line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.

### Commuters

With the electrification of the railways, suburban traffic has grown tremendously since the 1960s. As of 2005-06, more than 1.7 million (17 lakhs) commuters use the Kolkata Suburban Railway system daily. After the partition of India, refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan and Bangladesh had a strong impact on the development of urban areas in the periphery of Kolkata. The new immigrants depended on Kolkata for their livelihood, thus increasing the number of commuters. Eastern Railway runs 1,272 EMU trains daily.

## Education

Dhruba Chand Halder College, established in 1965, is affiliated with the University of Calcutta. It is located near Dakshin Barasat railway station. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, political science, philosophy, education, physics, chemistry, mathematics, zoology, botany, micro biology, economics, geography and accounting & finance, and general courses in arts, science and commerce.

## Healthcare

Padmerhat Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at Padmerhat, is the major government medical facility in the Jaynagar I CD block.
# Ramkrishnapur, Bishnupur

Ramkrishnapur is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur II CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

The Alipore Sadar subdivision is the most urbanized part of the South 24 Parganas district. 59.85% of the population lives in the urban areas and 40.15% lives in the rural areas. In the southern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 15 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the subdivision, on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is an alluvial stretch, with industrial development.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Ramkrishnapur is located at 22°21′27″N 88°15′30″E﻿ / ﻿22.3574°N 88.2583°E﻿ / 22.3574; 88.2583. It has an average elevation of 9 metres (30 ft).
Bishnupur, Kanyanagar, Amtala, Ramkrishnapur, Kriparampur and Chak Enayetnagar (a little away) form a cluster of census towns, as per the map of the Bishnupur I CD block on page 207 and the map of the Bishnupur II CD block on page 233 of the District Census Handbook 2011 for the South 24 Parganas.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Ramkrishnapur had a total population of 5,971, of which 3,013 (50%) were males and 2,958 (50%) were females. There were 536 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Ramkrishnapur was 4,879 (89.77% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Ramkrishnapur covered an area of 3.6103 km$^2$. Among the civic amenities, it had 3 km roads with open drains. The protected water supply involved over-head tank. It had 900 domestic electric connections and 100 road light points. Among the medical facilities it had 1 hospital, 1 maternity home, 1 veterinary hospital, 3 charitable hospitals/ nursing homes and 25 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities it had was 1 middle school.

## Transport

Ramkrishnapur is on the National Highway 12.

## Education

Ramkrishnapur Sarada Vidyamandir is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution, established in 1940. It has arrangements for teaching from class V to class X.

## Healthcare

Amtala Rural Hospital, with 50 beds, at Amtala, is the major government medical facility in the Bishnupur II CD block.
# American pale ale

American pale ale (APA) is a style of pale ale developed in the United States around 1980.
American pale ales are generally around 5% abv with significant quantities of American hops, typically Cascade. Although American brewed beers tend to use a cleaner yeast, and American two row malt, it is particularly the American hops that distinguish an APA from British or European pale ales. The style is close to the American India Pale Ale (IPA), and boundaries blur, though IPAs are stronger and more assertively hopped. The style is also close to amber ale, though ambers are darker and maltier due to use of crystal malts.

## History

Anchor Liberty Ale, a 6% abv ale originally brewed by Anchor Brewing Company as a special in 1975 to commemorate Paul Revere's midnight ride in 1775 which marked the start of the American War of Independence, was seen by Michael Jackson as the first modern American ale. Fritz Maytag, the owner of Anchor, visited British breweries in London, Yorkshire and Burton upon Trent, picking up information about robust pale ales, which he used when he made his American version using just malt rather than the malt and sugar combination common in brewing at that time, and making prominent use of the American hop, Cascade. The beer was popular, and became a regular in 1983.
Jack McAuliffe of the New Albion Brewing Company was brewing his New Albion Ale by 1976, inspired by the ales he had tasted in Scotland. The beer was (at the time) vigorously hopped with American Cascade hops, refermented in the bottle, and not straw in color – all qualities the popular beer style of the time, i.e. pale lagers, did not possess. While the company brewed for fewer than 6 years at only 7.5 barrels (217 US gallons) per week, it inspired many more pioneers and imitators.
The first brewery to successfully commercialize the use of significant quantities of American hops in the style of APA was the Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, which brewed the first experimental batch of Sierra Nevada Pale Ale in November 1980, distributing the finished version in March 1981. Another pioneer of the hoppy American pale ale was Bert Grant of Yakima Brewing.
# Ramchandrapur, Sonarpur

Ramchandrapur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Sonarpur police station in the Sonarpur CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

Baruipur subdivision is a rural subdivision with moderate levels of urbanization. 31.05% of the population lives in the urban areas and 68.95% lives in the rural areas. In the northern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 10 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the northern part of the subdivision is a flat plain bordering the metropolis of Kolkata.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Ramchandrapur is located at 22°26′10″N 88°23′05″E﻿ / ﻿22.4360°N 88.3846°E﻿ / 22.4360; 88.3846. It has an average elevation of 9 metres (30 ft).
Danga and Ramchndrapur are adjacent to Rajpur Sonarpur city on its south-eastern side, as per the map of the Sonarpur CD block in the District Census Handbook for the South 24 Parganas.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Ramchandrapur had a total population of 8,196, of which 4,188 (51%) were males and 4,008 (49%) were females. There were 700 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate persons in Ramchandrapur was 6,674 (91.70% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Ramchandrapur covered an area of 1.612 km$^2$. Sonarpur Junction railway station is 5 km away. Among the civic amenities, it had 5 km roads with both open and covered drains, the protected water supply involved service reservoir. It had 850 domestic electric connections and 75 road light points. Among the educational facilities it had were 2 primary schools, the nearest secondary school and senior secondary school were at Sreepur 1 km away, the nearest general degree college was at Garia 5 km away. Among the commodities it produced were bakery products and batteries.

## Transport

A short stretch of local roads link Ramchandrapur to the State Highway 1.
Sonarpur Junction railway station is located nearby.

## Education

Sonarpur Mahavidyalaya was established in 1985, at Rajpur Sonarpur.
Jagaddal Colony High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1969. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class X.

## Healthcare

Sonarpur Rural Hospital, with 25 beds, at Rajpur Sonarpur, is the major government medical facility in the Sonarpur CD block.
# Deuli, Canning

Deuli is a village and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Jibantala police station in the Canning II CD block in the Canning subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

Canning subdivision has a very low level of urbanization. Only 12.37% of the population lives in the urban areas and 87.63% lives in the rural areas. There are 8 census towns in the Canning I CD block and only 2 in the rest of the subdivision. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta with numerous islands in the southern part of the region. The area (shown in the map alongside) borders on the Sundarbans National Park and a major portion of it is a part of the Sundarbans settlements. It is a flat low-lying area in the South Bidyadhari plains. The Matla River is prominent and there are many streams and water channels locally known as khals. A comparatively recent country-wide development is the guarding of the coastal areas with a special coastal force.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Deuli is located at 22°28′02″N 88°41′46″E﻿ / ﻿22.4672°N 88.6961°E﻿ / 22.4672; 88.6961

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Deuli had a total population of 2,753 of which 1,409 (51%) were males and 1,344 (49%) were females. There were 360 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate persons in Deuli was 2,123 (88.72% of the population over 6 years).

## Civic administration
### CD block HQ

The headquarters of the Canning II CD block are located at Deuli.

## Transport

Deuli is on the Deuli-Ghatakpukur Road.

## Healthcare

Matherdighi Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at Matherdighi, is the major government medical facility in the Canning II CD block.