OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vlasta Vraz

Vlasta Adele Vraz (June 18, 1900 — August 22, 1989) was a Czech American relief worker, editor, and fundraiser. She was director of American Relief for Czechoslovakia, and president of the Czechoslovak National Council of America. In 1949 she was arrested by Czech authorities on espionage charges, but quickly released after pressure from the United States.

## Early life

Vlasta Adele Vraz was born in Chicago and raised in Czech California, South Lawndale, Chicago. Her father was Enrique Stanko Vraz (1860-1932), a naturalist and explorer born in Bulgaria to Czech parents. Her mother was also called Vlasta Vraz (1875-1961). Her maternal grandfather August Geringer (1842-1930) published a Czech-language Daily, Svornost, in the United States, starting in 1875.

## Career

She lived in Prague as a young woman, from 1919 to 1939, at first helping her father who was lecturing there before he died in 1932. During World War II she returned to the United States with her widowed mother, and was a secretary in Washington, D. C. for the Czech government in exile. In 1945, she was back in Prague, directing American Relief for Czechoslovakia. She was responsible for distributing $4 million in food, medicine, clothing and other supports. She was inducted into the Order of the White Lion by Jan Masaryk in 1946, for her relief work. But in 1949, Vraz was arrested by the Communist authorities, on espionage charges, sparking protests from the United States.
Upon release after a week in custody, Vraz returned to the United States, where she became president of the Czechoslovak National Council of America, and edited two national publications for the Czechoslovak-American community. She was called upon for reactions during the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.

## Personal life

Vlasta Vraz died in 1989, aged 89 years. Her remains were buried in the Bohemian National Cemetery in Chicago, near those of her mother and her brother, Victor E. Vraz, an economics professor at Northwestern University. Some of her papers are in the Geringer Family Papers, archived at the Chicago History Museum. The rest of her papers was bequeathed to the Náprstek Museum in Prague, Czech Republic. The same institution owns extensive personal papers of her father Enrique Stanko Vráz.
# Clotilde Mukamurera

Clotilde Mukamurera is a Rwandan judge currently serving as the president of the High Court of Commerce of Rwanda. Appointed by president Paul Kagame and confirmed by the Senate on 28 April 2021, she succeeded Emanuel Kamere.

## Education and career

Clotilde Mukamurera holds a master's degree in business law from University of Cape Town, South Africa and trained in arbitration, banking, procurement, leasing and intellectual property. Mukamurera started her judicial career as a judge at Gisenyi Intermediate Court in 2000 and was later appointed vice president of the Rusizi Intermediate Court. She served as a member of the High Council of the Judiciary of Rwanda from 2008 to 2015 when she was elected a judge to the Court of Justice of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (Comesa). She received 13 out of 15 votes cast in the election.
# Brad Karp

Brad Nelson Karp is an American computer scientist, specializing in computer networks. He obtained his bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1992 and got his master's and Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1995 and 2000 respectively, under the supervision of H. T. Kung. Later on he became a staff scientist at the Center for Internet Research and at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California where he worked until 2002. After working as a senior staff researcher at Intel Research of Pittsburgh and as an adjunct assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University, he moved in 2005 to University College London, where he is now a reader. In 2005, he was a winner of the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award.
# Brenda Major

Brenda Nelle Major (born August 21, 1950) is an American social psychologist and distinguished professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she heads the Self and Social Identity Lab.

## Education and career

Major received her B.A. from the College of Wooster in 1972, her M.A. from Miami University in 1975 and her Ph.D. in social psychology from Purdue University in 1978. Also in 1978, she joined the faculty of the State University of New York at Buffalo, where she taught in the psychology department from then until 1995. From 1992 to 1995, she headed the State University of New York at Buffalo's social psychology program. In 1995, she joined the University of California, Santa Barbara's faculty, where she became a distinguished professor in 2009. She is a former fellow of Stanford University's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.

## Research

Major is known for her research into social stigma and psychological resilience. Specific subjects she has researched include the relationship between abortion and mental health. For example, she chaired a 2008 American Psychological Association task force on the subject, which found major flaws in many of the relevant studies available at the time. The same panel found that the best available evidence indicated that a single abortion did not increase the risk of mental health problems relative to giving birth. She has also studied differences in self-perception of one's abilities and performance between men and women. In 2016, she published a study showing that white Americans who identify strongly as white become more likely to support Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election if they are reminded that America's demographics are changing. Specifically, the participants in the study were reminded that whites are projected to become a minority in the United States by 2042.

## Honors, awards and positions

Major is the past president of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology (SESP) and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP). Her awards include the SESP's Scientific Impact Prize for 2014, the SPSP's Donald T. Campbell Award for 2015, and the Kurt Lewin Prize from the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues for 2012. She was American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow of 2019. In 2024 Major was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
# Pho Oregon

Pho Oregon, or Phở Oregon, is a Vietnamese restaurant in Portland, Oregon, specializing in pho.

## Description

Pho Oregon is a Vietnamese restaurant in northeast Portland's Madison South neighborhood. In 2018, Patricia Sauthoff of Willamette Week said, "Pho Oregon's huge dining room is filled with the taste of broth. The menu is also thick with traditional Vietnamese dishes, like com bo kho, a fatty, succulent beef in a broth with salt-and-pepper rice."
In 2020, Eater Portland's Krista Garcia wrote, "This banquet-ready institution is a well-oiled machine. From tai (flank steak only) to the dac biet (multiple cuts of beef, plus meatballs, tendon, and tripe), the menu has more than 20 different variations of pho to choose from. All bowls of pho, fragrant with star anise and clove, come out of the kitchen quicker than seems humanly possible."
Portland Monthly has described the restaurant's specialty, dac biet, as "a mighty bowl of the requisite rice noodles accompanied by slices of round steak, flank steak, fatty brisket, tendon, tripe, and beef meatballs". The restaurant also serves bánh mì, bún, Vietnamese coffee, chanh muối (salted lemonade), and sinh to bo (avocado smoothie).

## History

Pho Oregon opened in 2003. In 2021, the restaurant participated in Around the World in 82 Dishes, organized by the 82nd Avenue Business District.

## Reception

Portland Monthly has said the banh mi and bún "deserve a taste, but newcomers display a serious lapse in judgment by not ordering the pho at this tiny, unadorned joint". In 2017, Samantha Bakall and Michael Russell included Pho Oregon in two of The Oregonian's lists of Portland's best pho, writing, "Pho Oregon is cavernous and often packed, giving off the vibe of a big-city pho house, and it's our regular go-to on weekend mornings. We knew the pho was good, so it made sense to use it as a baseline, and it didn't disappoint, with nicely cooked noodles, well-rendered brisket and a rustic-yet-elegant broth, with a strong hint of clove and lots of caramel flavor from the beef bones."
In 2018, Willamette Week's Patricia Sauthoff recommended the com bo kho and said the restaurant's pho "is some of the best in town, long popular with the Portland foodie crowd". In Eater Portland's 2021 "guide to dining in Portland", Brooke Jackson-Glidden called Pho Oregon a "true Portland institution". Nick Woo and Krista Garcia included Pho Oregon in the website's 2021 overview of "Portland's Mind-Blowing Vietnamese Restaurants and Food Carts".
# Isaac F. Hughes

Isaac Fremont Hughes (July 29, 1861 – January 17, 1931) was an American miller, grocer, and businessman who was the first representative of Los Angeles City Council District 3 after a new city charter went into effect in 1925. He served for two years, until 1927.

## Biography

Hughes was born on July 29, 1861, in Paulsboro, New Jersey, and was brought up on a farm in Lawrence, Kansas. His father was William Madora Hughes (February 14, 1809 - March 12, 1876) and his mother was Sarah S. Abrams. At age 18 he began work in a flour mill and continued as a miller and in the grocery business for the next 27 years. He was a member of the city council in Lawrence for four years and a county commissioner in Douglas County for six. He was married to Sarah Elizabeth Griffitts on October 17, 1881, in Trenton, Missouri. Their children were Herbert Franklyn, Earl Everett, Ray Albert, Faye Emma and Isaac Lester.
He moved to Los Angeles in 1906 and was proprietor for fourteen years of a grocery at Washington and Arlington Streets. Upon retirement in 1923, Hughes was appointed to the Recreation and Playground Commission, where he devoted his efforts to developing the Queen Anne Playground. His wife recalled in an interview that playgrounds were his hobby and that he visited them in many parts of the country. He was a Republican, a Methodist, a Mason and a member of the City Club. He died January 17, 1931, at his home, 1223 South Orange Drive, Los Angeles.

## City Council

In 1925, the 3rd District lay mostly south of the Santa Monica Mountains east of Sawtelle, with its eastern boundary at Western Avenue, and its southern boundary running along Washington Boulevard to embrace the Palms area. It included the Los Angeles Country Club and the Sawtelle district, and all the Santa Monica Mountains west of Sawtelle to the Ventura County line, including Pacific Palisades and Topanga Canyon.
Hughes was chosen over Edwin O. Loucks in the June 1925 election, 4,981 votes to 2,661.
Known as a defender of Mayor George E. Cryer and political figure Kent Kane Parrot, Hughes was defeated in the 1927 election by Ernest L. Webster.
# Asher Hamburger

Asher Hamburger (1821–1897) was the founder of the A. Hamburger & Sons department store, at the beginning of the 20th century the largest department store in the Western United States, which would in 1923 became May Company California.

## Biography

Hamburger was born to a Jewish family at Kerche Schönbache or Altenschönbach, near Würzburg, Bavaria, in 1821. When young, he was apprenticed to a ropemaker. He came to the United States in 1839 and settled in New York City, where he first worked in a tassel factory, then moved to Pennsylvania, where he began a small general store.
From there he went to Alabama, where he was naturalized in 1848 as a U.S. citizen and, in partnership with two brothers, he started in business, opening three stores along the Tombigbee River. In 1849, after gold was discovered in California, he and a brother went west, to Sacramento, where they founded a business, which was burned out twice in the fires which swept the city. In 1851 two of his brothers moved to San Francisco, leaving Asher in charge of the Sacramento store.
He and Hannah Bien were married in New York in 1855.
A few years later, the brothers began a wholesale dry-goods firm in San Francisco under the name Hamburger Brothers, where they conducted the Maze, a large department store. After 1865, Asher Hamburger returned to Sacramento to take over the old stores. In 1881 he went to Los Angeles and founded a business, A. Hamburger & Sons, operating as The People's Store, which became the largest dry goods (or department) store in Southern California, catering to working class customers.
In 1874 he was living in Sacramento, California, in 1890, he was at 610 O'Farrell Street in San Francisco, and in 1896 he was at 1424 McAllister in the same city. In that year, he was described in a voting register as five feet five and one half inches tall, with blue eyes and white hair. He was listed as a storekeeper.
In 1908, his firm built the Hamburger Building, the "Great White Store" at Eighth and Broadway, now better known as the Downtown Los Angeles May Co. Building, which at that time was the largest retail building in the West and the country's largest steel-frame structure. Attached to the south end was Hamburger's Majestic Theatre, built for stage shows and opera. It was turned into a motion picture theater and later torn down to become a parking lot.
On March 31, 1923, the Hamburgers sold their store to the May family of St. Louis for $8.5 million.
Hamburger died of a cerebral hemorrhage on December 1, 1897, in the family home on McAllister Street, leaving his widow, Hanna, four sons and a daughter. He was interred at Home of Peace Cemetery (East Los Angeles).

## Legacy

The Hamburger children founded a home for Jewish "business girls" or "working girls in the lower income group" in Los Angeles at Girard and (1255) Union avenues (in the Pico-Union neighborhood), opened around 1927. A new campus was opened in 1954 at 7357 Hollywood Boulevard because the former property was seen as "unsuited for young women" since the district had become "industrialized."
# John Walsh (art historian)

John Joseph Walsh Jr. (born 1937 in Mason City, Washington) is an American art historian, curator and museum director. He served as director of the J. Paul Getty Museum from 1983 to 2000, supervising the planning and completion of the Getty's Richard Meier-designed Getty Center and transforming the Getty's art collection through new acquisitions.
Walsh graduated from Yale University in 1961, where he was a member of Skull and Bones. Walsh earned a Ph.D. from Columbia University. He worked in curatorial capacities at the Frick Collection and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, prior to assuming the directorship of the Getty. Walsh is now on the Board of Trustees of the Hammer Museum
# Michale Fee

Michale Sean Fee (born November 6, 1964) is an American applied physicist who works on the neural mechanisms of sequence generation and learning. Michale Fee is faculty in the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and an Investigator in the McGovern Institute for Brain Research. His laboratory studies how songbirds generate and learn complex vocal sequences.

## Biography

Michale Fee received a B.E. with honors in engineering physics from the School of Engineering at the University of Michigan (1985). He received a Ph.D. in applied physics from Stanford University (1992), where he conducted his thesis work in the laboratory of Steven Chu. From September 1992 to June 1996, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Bell Laboratories in the Biological Computation Research Department, where he worked in the laboratory of David Kleinfeld on the cortical circuitry in the vibrissa system of the rat underlying the sense of touch.
In 1996 Michale Fee joined the Biological Computation Research Department at Bell Labs as a permanent researcher (Member of Technical Staff), at which time he began working on the mechanisms of vocal sequence generation in the songbird. In 2003, he joined the faculty of the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT as Associate Professor of Neuroscience with tenure. At the same time he was appointed as an investigator in the McGovern Institute for Brain Research. He has delivered lectures in numerous international conferences and research departments. He was promoted to Full Professor at MIT in 2010.

## Research

Michale Fee's research aims to understand how neural circuits in the brain subserve the generation and learning or complex motor sequences. His lab primarily uses the zebra finch as a model system. Zebra finches, like other songbirds, learn their songs from their father and are commonly used to study the neural mechanisms of motor learning. He and his colleagues discovered that the timing of song is encoded in the zebra finch using a very sparse code, with neurons in the high vocal center of the avian cortex generally firing action potentials only once per song. He and his colleagues also found that a brain circuit necessary for song learning also generates the variability in juvenile song. In particular, this circuit is required for the early unstructured vocalizations that resemble babbling in humans.
# Stenkumla

Stenkumla is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Stenkumla District, established on 1 January 2016.

## Geography

Stenkumla is the name of the socken as well as the district. It is also the name of the small village surrounding the medieval Stenkumla Church, sometimes referred to as Stenkumla kyrkby. It is situated in the central east part of Gotland.
As of 2019, Stenkumla Church belongs to Stenkumla parish, along with the churches in Träkumla, Västerhejde and Vibble.
One of the asteroids in the asteroid belt, 10553 Stenkumla, is named after this place.

## History

The last public execution in Sweden took place at Stenkumla Backe by Stenkumla Church on 18 May 1876. Konrad Petterson Lundqvist Tector, a robber and murderer was beheaded. He was buried in the church cemetery where his grave can still be seen.
# Hugh Campbell Wallace

Hugh Campbell Wallace (February 10, 1864 – January 1, 1931) was an American businessman, political activist, and diplomat who is best known for his service as the United States Ambassador to France from 1919 to 1921 under President Woodrow Wilson.
Wallace was born in Lexington, Missouri, son of Thomas Bates Wallace, Federal Marshall of a divided Missouri before the American Civil War, and Lucy Bruner Briscoe. Hugh Campbell Wallace served as receiver of public monies in Salt Lake City in the late 1880s. Wallace married Mildred Fuller, daughter of the Supreme Court Justice Melville Fuller in 1891. He later moved, along with his elder brother Thomas Bates Wallace, to Tacoma, and served as a representative of the state of Washington on the Democratic National Committee in 1892 and 1896. The Wallace brothers invested in the economic development of the Pacific Northwest including investment in electricity and ownership of a steamship line to bring passengers to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush.
He was presented with his credentials as US Ambassador to France on April 22, 1919.
# Northcross

Northcross is a northern suburb of the North Shore in the contiguous Auckland metropolitan area in New Zealand. It is located in the East Coast Bays, a string of small suburbs that make up the northern North Shore. It is located north of the Waitematā Harbour and is currently under local governance of Auckland Council.
The suburb houses East Coast Bays who are current Champions of the 2010 Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Premier.

## Demographics

Northcross covers 1.07 km$^2$ (0.41 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 3,460 as of June 2024, with a population density of 3,234 people per km$^2$.
Northcross had a population of 3,258 in the 2023 New Zealand census, a decrease of 18 people (−0.5%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 39 people (1.2%) since the 2013 census. There were 1,590 males, 1,653 females and 15 people of other genders in 1,101 dwellings. 3.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 38.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 573 people (17.6%) aged under 15 years, 630 (19.3%) aged 15 to 29, 1,608 (49.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 447 (13.7%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 62.2% European (Pākehā); 4.8% Māori; 2.0% Pasifika; 32.6% Asian; 3.0% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 3.9% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 91.9%, Māori language by 0.6%, Samoan by 0.5%, and other languages by 36.5%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 54.6, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 30.9% Christian, 0.7% Hindu, 1.3% Islam, 0.1% Māori religious beliefs, 1.5% Buddhist, 0.2% New Age, 0.4% Jewish, and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 57.8%, and 6.2% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 717 (26.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 1,155 (43.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 615 (22.9%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $48,500, compared with $41,500 nationally. 411 people (15.3%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,500 (55.9%) people were employed full-time, 372 (13.9%) were part-time, and 63 (2.3%) were unemployed.

## Association football

Northcross is home to East Coast Bays who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Premier.

## Education

Northcross Intermediate is an intermediate (years 7–8) school with a roll of 1491 students as of August 2024. Sherwood School is a contributing primary (years 1–6) school with a 505 students as of August 2024. Sherwood celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2001.
Both schools are coeducational. The two sites are separated by playing fields. After school care for children at Northcross is provided at Sherwood.
# Kommissionen

Kommissionen, (in English: The Commission) is a 2005 Swedish TV series comprising 12 episodes.
The series, set in and around Stockholm, deals with the effects and political aftermath of a terrorist attack that destroys Rosenbad, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and much of the Riksdag building.
Kommissionen was shot in 2004 and was scheduled for airing on SVT in the spring of 2005, but it was postponed until the autumn. When aired on television, it was simultaneously released on DVD and as a book.

## Selected cast

* Katarina Ewerlöf - Lena Lagerfeldt,
* Loa Falkman - Rolf G. Johansson, Prime Minister of Sweden
* Chatarina Larsson - Grete Ancker
* Helge Skoog - Sigvard Borg
* Göran Gillinger - Nils Folkesson
* Peter Perski - Karim Mahmoudi
* Cecilia Häll - Unni Hoffner
* Anna Ulrika Ericsson - Anne Petersson
* Thomas Hedengran - Yngwe
# Menkulas

Menkulas is a small village of about 1,000 inhabitants in the Korçë County, Albania. In the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality of Devoll. The inhabitants of Menkulas are all Albanian Muslims and some adhere to the Bektashi sect. The population of Menkulas speak Albanian in the Tosk dialect.
The mainstay of the local economy is agriculture.

## Notable people

* Dritëro Agolli (1931–2017), an Albanian poet, writer and politician
# Jan-Henrik Heinrich

Jan-Henrik Heinrich (born 19 July 1963) is a German sport shooter who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics and in the 2000 Summer Olympics. In 1996, he tied for 26th place in the men's skeet event. In 2000, he tied for 14th place in the men's skeet event.