OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Epicurus the Sage

Epicurus the Sage is a two-issue limited series graphic novel, written by William Messner-Loebs, with art by Sam Kieth. The two issues were published in 1989 and 1991 by Piranha Press, the "alternative comics" imprint of DC Comics.

## Plot

Ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus appears as the main character of the book, traveling the ancient world with Plato and Aristotle's young pupil Alexander the Great, sometimes with Aristotle himself. Together, they wander into various major Greek myths (e.g. the kidnapping of Persephone by Hades), and discuss the philosophical questions raised, with a great deal of slapstick humor.
The book mixes history, mythology, and humor to relate the teachings of Epicurus. The narrative tends to anachronistically show other vaguely contemporary writers and thinkers, such as Aesop (who died two centuries before the historical Epicurus was even born), as backwards, foolish, fascistic, or all three, while the philosophy of Epicurus is portrayed to be more tolerant and humanistic; it is pointed out more than once that Epicurus is one of the only ancient philosophers who would teach women.
Various notable personages, from both history and mythology (e.g. Alcibiades and Zeus), appear as secondary characters.

## Issues and reprints

The original run of the comic consisted of two issues:
* #1 – Visiting Hades (1989)
* #2 – The Many Loves of Zeus (1991)

### Collected editions

In 2003, both books of the series were reprinted in a trade paperback (ISBN 1-4012-0028-1) by Cliffhanger, an imprint of Wildstorm. This book featured a new painted cover by Sam Kieth, a black and white "Epicurus" story from Fast Forward #3, and an all new 36-page Epicurus story by Kieth and Messner-Loebs.
# Gomaspan Dam

The Gomaspan Dam is a gravity dam currently being constructed on the Bastora River at Goma span gorge, near Gomespan, in Erbil Governorate, Iraq. It is located about 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Erbil.
The primary purpose of the dam is water supply for irrigation but it will support a small 2.4 MW hydroelectric power station. It is expected to irrigate 4,000 ha (9,900 acres). Construction on the 85 m (279 ft) tall roller-compacted concrete dam began in 2013 and it is expected to be complete in 2023.

## Gallery

* Gomaspan Dam
* Gomaspan Dam
* Gomaspan Dam
# Linux on Apple devices

The Linux kernel can run on a variety of devices made by Apple, including devices where the unlocking of the bootloader is not possible with an official procedure, such as iPhones and iPads.

## iPad devices

In June 2022, software developers Konrad Dybcio and Markuss Broks managed to run Linux kernel 5.18 on a iPad Air 2. The project made use of the Alpine Linux based Linux distribution called postmarketOS, which is primarily developed for Android devices. The developer suggested that they used the checkm8 exploit which was published back in 2019.

## iPhone devices

In 2008, the 2.6 Linux kernel was ported to the iPhone 3G, the iPhone (1st generation), and the iPod Touch (1st generation) using OpeniBoot.
Corellium's Project Sandcastle made it possible to run Android on an iPhone 7/7+ or an iPod Touch (7th generation) using the checkm8 exploit.

## iPod devices

iPodLinux is a Linux distribution created specifically to run on Apple's iPod.
There is an experimental port of the mainline Linux kernel to iPod Nano 5G by freemyipod/q3k.

## Mac computers
### Motorola 68k Macs

Linux can be dual-booted on Macs that use Motorola 680x0 processors (only 68020 and higher, and only non-"EC" processor variants since an MMU is required). The Linux/mac68k community project provides resources to do so, and an m68k community port of the Debian Linux distribution is also available.

### PowerPC Macs

In 1996, Apple announced that they were supporting a Linux port to the PowerMacs.
PowerPC Macs can run Linux through both emulation and dual-booting ("bare metal"). The most popular PowerPC emulation tools for Mac OS/Mac OS X are Microsoft's Virtual PC, and the open-source QEMU.
Linux dual-booting is achieved by partitioning the boot drive, installing the Yaboot bootloader onto the Linux partition, and selecting that Linux partition as the Startup Disk. This results in users being prompted to select whether they want to boot into Mac OS or Linux when the machine starts.
By 2008, a number of major Linux distributions had official versions compatible with Mac PowerPC processors, including:
* Gentoo
* Debian (until Debian 8)
* Ubuntu (until Ubuntu 16.10)
* Fedora (until Fedora 17 for G3 and G4 processors, and Fedora 28 for G5)
* Yellow Dog Linux (discontinued in 2009)
All of the above PowerPC ports have since been discontinued, except for Gentoo.

### Intel Macs

Macs with Intel processors can run Linux through virtualization or through dual-booting. Common virtualization tools for Intel Macs include VMware Fusion, Parallels Desktop, and VirtualBox.
In 2010, Whitson Gordon from Lifehacker noted that Apple has streamlined the process of dual booting Windows on Macs, but not for Linux. rEFIt made it possible to dual boot Linux.
Macs which utilize the T2 chip from 2018 can run Linux distributions natively using the T2Linux project.

### Apple silicon Macs

Macs with Apple silicon processors can run Linux through the Asahi Linux command line installer for certain distributions including Fedora, Debian, and Ubuntu. While most features are available, some are unavailable on certain silicon processors and devices.
# Submarine cable disruption

Submarine cable disruption may refer to:
* 2024 Baltic Sea submarine cable disruptions
* 2011 submarine cable disruption
* 2008 submarine cable disruption
# Birch Creek Colony, Montana

Birch Creek Colony is a Hutterite community and census-designated place (CDP) in Pondera County, Montana, United States. It is in the west-central part of the county, 5 miles (8 km) north of Dupuyer and 13 miles (21 km) southwest of Valier.
The community was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
# 1924 in Norwegian football

Results from Norwegian football in 1924.

## Class A of local association leagues

Class A of local association leagues (kretsserier) is the predecessor of a national league competition.
| League | Champion |
| Østfold | Kvik (Fredrikshald) |
| Kristiania$^1$ | Gjøa |
| Follo | Ski |
| Aker | Hasle |
| Lillestrøm og omegn | Lillestrøm SK |
| Øvre Romerike | Sørumsand |
| Eidsvoll og omegn | Eidsvold IF |
| Hamar og omegn | Hamar IL |
| Opland | Lyn (Gjøvik) |
| Glommendalen | Kongsvinger |
| Nordre Østerdalen | Røros |
| Trysil og Engerdal | Trysilgutten |
| Øvre Buskerud | Hokksund |
| Drammen og omegn | Strømsgodset |
| Vestfold | Ørn |
| Grenland | Urædd |
| Øvre Telemark | Snøgg |
| Aust-Agder | Grane (Arendal) |
| Vest-Agder | Start |
| Rogaland | Stavanger IF |
| Hordaland | Voss |
| Bergen | Brann |
| Sogn og Fjordane | Høyanger |
| Søndmøre | Aalesund |
| Romsdalske | Kristiansund |
| Sør-Trøndelag | Ranheim |
| Trondhjem | Kvik (Trondhjem) |
| Nord-Trøndelag$^2$ | Sverre |
| Helgeland | Mosjøen |
| Lofoten og Vesterålen | Narvik/Nor |
| Troms | Harstad |
| Finnmark | Kirkenes |
* $^1$The following season, Kristiania local association changed its name to Oslo.
* $^2$The following season, Nord-Trøndelag local association split into Namdal and Nord-Trøndelag.

## National team

Sources:
# Vinny Bongonga

Vinny Bongonga Kombe (born 24 March 1996) is a Congolese football striker who plays for Étoile du Sahel.

## Playing career

Following 32 league goals for second-tier club FC Arc-en-Ciel, he moved abroad to AC Léopard in the Republic of the Congo. After winning the league championship there, he moved back to DC Motema Pembe. During his time there, he made his international debut for DR Congo.
A stint with Chinese Liaoning Kaixin in 2019 was halted due to "administrative problems". He immediately returned to DC Motema Pembe. Following 11 goals in the 2019–20 Linafoot, his contract expired, and he was reluctant to sign a new one. Amid rumours of a transfer to Morocco or Belgium, Bongonga moved abroad again, this time to Sudanese club Al-Hilal Omdurman, where he again became league champion. This earned him a move to Tunisia in 2021. Étoile du Sahel signed him on a three-year contract.
By 2023, he was no longer a starter, but played from time to time as the team improved from a weak performance in 2021–22 to win the 2022–23 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1. Among others, Bongonga scored a winning goal against CSS Sfaxien.
# Microsorum thailandicum

Microsorum thailandicum is a fern in the family Polypodiaceae. Like several other shady understory plant species, its leaves display blue iridescence. Initially unknown, the mechanism was later described as resulting from cellulose microfibrils stacked into helicoidal structures. Those structures appear on both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal surface, differing, with adaxial (top) epidermis being more blue, white abaxial (bottom) being red-shifted and less intense.
# Goran Galešić

Goran Galešić (born 11 March 1989) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for First League of FBiH club Goražde.

## Club career

Galešić started his career at Borac Banja Luka. In 2007, he joined Slovenian club Gorica, where he stayed until the summer of 2010, when his contract with the club expired. In June 2010 it was reported by the media that Galešić has signed a three-year contract with Serbian team Partizan. However, in September 2010 Galešić returned to Gorica after negotiations failed with Partizan. Galešić signed a two-year contract with possible extension for another year.
In 2012, he signed a one-year contract with Beerschot and played in several matches, before being released in December of the same year.
In June 2013 he signed a contract with Hajduk Split but three weeks later, in July 2013, his contract was mutually terminated after continuous racial abuse from a small, radical minority of Hajduk's fans.

### Botev Plovdiv

Galešić signed a two-year contract with Botev Plovdiv on 22 August 2014. He made an unofficial debut for his new team during the friendly game with Rakovski. Galešić scored two goals as Botev Plovdiv won the game 6–5.
Galešić made a debut for Botev Plovdiv in A Grupa on 12 September 2014. He was brought on as a substitute during the second half in the match against Ludogorets Razgrad. He played well and was involved in the goal scored by his team but it was not enough because his team had conceived two goals before his appearance on the field and Botev Plovdiv lost the game 2–1. At the end of 2014 Goran Galešić became a free agent after a mutual termination of his contract with Botev Plovdiv.

### Sheriff Tiraspol

On 29 May 2016, Galešić scored the goal to win the Divizia Națională with Sheriff Tiraspol.

### Celje

He signed for Celje in the Slovenian PrvaLiga on 21 January 2017.

## International career

Galešić was capped for Bosnia and Herzegovina at under-18, under-19, and under-U21 levels.

## Honours

Koper
* Slovenian Cup: 2014–15
* Slovenian Supercup: 2015
Sheriff Tiraspol
* Divizia Națională: 2015–16
# Upper Love, U.S. Virgin Islands

Upper Love is a settlement on the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands.

## History

In 1816, IJpper Love (Princes Quarter No. 18 &. 19, Centre Poliee Distnct, Frederiksteds Jurisdiction) covered 399 acres of land of which 179 acres were planted with sugar cane and 121 acres were under other cultivation. 99 enslaved labourers were present on the estate.
On 10 February 1835, Upper Love was sold at auction to the Royal Loan Commission for Ps. 35,050. Pm 6 April 1850, it was sold at auction to G. J. Mudie for $45,000.
# David J. Dyson

David J. Dyson (September 12, 1863 – March 12, 1949) was the 25th Mayor of Winnipeg, Manitoba for several days in 1917. His family owned Dyson and Gibson Spice Mills, the makers of Seven Day Pickles.
Dyson was originally declared mayor as a result of the January 1917 municipal election but was unseated on January 5, 1917, due to a recount and Frederick Harvey Davidson was sworn in as Mayor on January 8, 1917. Dyson is accordingly the shortest serving mayor in Winnipeg's history.
Dyson is the great-great-grandfather of CNN journalist Jake Tapper.
# Flag of Quito

The flag of the city and canton of Quito is defined by Article 1 of a municipal law known as Ordenanza Municipal N° 1634, passed in 1974, when Sixto Durán Ballén was mayor of Quito. The flag is divided into six equally wide vertical bands, of which the inner four are red and the outer two are blue. Article 1 also recommends that the flags be 2.40 meters by 1.60 meters, which makes it a proportion of 3 by 2. The colors are meant to represent the blood of Quiteños and the seas and skies, respectively, with the red set as Pantone 185 C and the blue as Pantone 281 C. In the center of the flag is the coat of arms of the city, or sometimes only the more simple castle, which symbolizes strength, nobility and loyalty to the city.

## Previous flag

The "Patriots of 10 de Agosto" adopted as their flag a red banner with a white sail, to indicate their opposition to Spain, whose military flag was white with the red sail of Saint Andrés (known as the sail of Borgoña). The emblem was used by the quiteño patriots who resisted the Spanish counterattack in 1812. They were captured by the royalist troops of Toribio Montes and Juan de Sámano in the Battle of Ibarra in December of that year. For a large portion of the 20th century, by an error in the transcription of the part of the Battle of Ibarra, it was thought that the quiteño pavilion had been totally red, hung in a "white" horn. Upon the celebrations of the bicentennial of August 10, 1809, this was corrected.
# Vladimír Pláteník

Vladimír Pláteník (born 18 February 1976) is a tennis coach and former professional tennis player from Slovakia.
Pláteník is currently a head coach at the international EMPIRE Tennis Academy in Trnava, Slovakia where he worked with Daria Kasatkina. He is also the former coach of Dominika Cibulková, the 2014 Australian Open finalist. Pláteník was coaching her from 2007 to 2009 when she reached the semifinals of the French Open in 2009. In the quarterfinals, she defeated Maria Sharapova 6–0, 6–2. On 6 July 2009 she reached No. 12 in the WTA rankings. He was the coach of Anna Blinkova. He was also the coach of Veronika Kudermetova since 2021. He currently coaches Lulu Sun since 2024.
A native of Bratislava, he is the vice president of the Professional Tennis Coaches Association for Slavic countries and a PTCA-certified coach.

## Junior Grand Slam finals
### Doubles: 1 (runner-up)

| Result | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 1994 | Wimbledon | Grass | Jamie Delgado | Ben Ellwood Mark Philippoussis | 5–7, 6–7 |

## ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals
### Singles: 1 (1–0)

* Legend
* ATP Challenger (0–0)
* ITF Futures (1–0)
* Finals by surface
* Hard (0–0)
* Clay (1–0)
| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Win | 1–0 | Jul 1998 | Croatia F2, Mali Lošinj | Futures | Clay | Václav Roubíček | 6–1, 6–0 |

### Doubles: 9 (4–5)

* Legend
* ATP Challenger (0–0)
* ITF Futures (4–5)
* Finals by surface
* Hard (0–1)
* Clay (4–4)
| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | May 1998 | Yugoslavia F3, Belgrade | Futures | Clay | Joseph Sirianni | Daniel Fiala Dejan Petrovic | 3–6, 7–5, 3–6 |
| Win | 1–1 | Jul 1998 | Croatia F2, Mali Lošinj | Futures | Clay | Luka Kutanjac | Goran Orešić Ivan Vajda | walkover |
| Loss | 1–2 | Jul 1998 | Slovenia F1, Kranj | Futures | Clay | Boris Borgula | Leoš Friedl Petr Kovačka | 3–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 1–3 | Oct 1998 | Uzbekistan F4, Fergana | Futures | Hard | Mark Nielsen | Oleg Ogorodov Dmitriy Tomashevich | walkover |
| Win | 2–3 | Jun 1999 | Hungary F1, Budapest | Futures | Clay | Martin Hromec | Gergely Kisgyörgy Peter Madarassy | 7–5, 6–4 |
| Win | 3–3 | Jul 1999 | Greece F5, Thessaloniki | Futures | Clay | Martin Hromec | Michael Logarzo Joseph Sirianni | 7–5, 4–6, 6–2 |
| Loss | 3–4 | Jul 1999 | Slovenia F1, Kranj | Futures | Clay | Tomáš Čatár | Leoš Friedl Petr Kovačka | 7–5, 2–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 3–5 | Sep 1999 | Turkey F5, Antalya | Futures | Clay | Martin Hromec | Amir Hadad Andy Ram | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 4–5 | Jul 2000 | Hungary F5, Budapest | Futures | Clay | Amir Hadad | Lee Radovanovich Rodrigo Ribeiro | 6–2, 6–7$^{(2–7)}$, 6–4 |
# Friedrich d'or

The Friedrich d'or was a Prussian gold coin (pistole) nominally worth 5 silver Prussian thalers. It was subsequently copied by other North German states under their own rulers' names (August-, Friedrich-August-, Christian d'or) and valued at 4.8-5 silver North German thalers.
It was used from 1741 to 1855 as a regularly-issued gold trade coin at this time, and was traded at a small premium or discount to its face value of five thalers in silver standard currency (silberkurantgeld) used in the stock exchanges and elsewhere. Around 1780, for example, the Saxon August d'or was quoted at 116 to 120 groschen sächsischen silberkurantgeldes (4.83 to 5 thalers, Saxon silver currency), with a maximum discount of 4 groschen (0.17 thaler). In the 19th century it usually had a low premium.
Prussian purchase contracts or bonds payable in 5-thaler gold pistoles (rather than silver currency) were noted as payable in "XX thalers, preußisch Courant" or "Friedrich d'or".

## History

Modelled on the Spanish doubloon and French Louis d'or, the forerunner of the Friedrich d'or was the Wilhelm d'or. It was first minted in 1741 by Frederick II. It was continued by his successors Frederick William II, Frederick William III and Frederick William IV, until 1855. From 1747 a double Friedrich d'or was minted, and a half Friedrich d'or from 1749. Its fine weight sank in 1770 from 6.05 to 6.03 grams.
The Friedrich d'or pistole of 5 thalers was issued when the ratio of gold to silver price dropped from 15 to 14.5 in the first half of the 18th century, making it cheaper to repay thaler-denominated obligations in gold. At 6.05 g fine gold per pistole, each thaler was worth 1.21g fine gold & 1.21 x14.5 = 17.545 g fine silver, cheaper than the prevailing standard of 19.488 g fine silver. Even at the pistole's lower value of 4.8 thalers, the thaler's silver equivalent of 18.3 g is still below the standard.
What followed was the North German thaler's silver standard lowered after 1750 to 131⁄3 per Cologne Mark, or 17.539 g fine silver (in Prussia, 14 per Mark or 16.704 g). When the gold-silver ratio rose again, the pistole then traded at 5 thalers plus an agio or premium. The pistole's standard varied slightly; at best 35 to a Cologne Mark of gold 130/144 fine, or 6.032 g fine gold; at worst 351⁄6 to a Mark 129/144 fine, or 5.957 g fine gold.
Only Bremen stayed on the Thaler Gold standard of 5 thalers per pistole until German Reunification in 1871.

## Appearance

On the obverse of the Friedrich d'or was the king's head, and on the reverse was an eagle standing on its shield.
# Ahsan Watts

Ahsan Watts (born 1999), known professionally as Ahsan J.A., is a soul and R&B singer from Newark, New Jersey.
Ashan Watts gained initial attention when his cover of The Jackson 5's "Who's Lovin' You" went viral on YouTube and again after a second video featured a surprise appearance by Stevie Wonder that ended in a duet of "Ribbon in the Sky". Ahsan credits classic soul and R&B artists such as Stevie Wonder, Frankie Lymon, and Michael Jackson for inspiring him to join his grandfather, Bishop L. C. Terry Sr, in his Fellowship of Holiness Church choir in Newark, NJ, at the age of five. His godfather, Don Richardson, who signed a contract with Def Jam Recordings as a child, brought attention to Ahsan's voice.
After his signing with Interscope Records in 2012, Ahsan performed a cover of "Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas," featuring Lucki Gurlz. In November 2013, his single "Under" was released. The song gave attention to Ahsan's motivation to avoid succumbing to the ghetto lifestyles of his native Newark.
Among his live appearances are Arthur Ashe Kids' Day and at Stevie Wonder's 17th Annual House Full of Toys Benefit Concert in 2012. He has performed in Newark as guest of Mayor Cory Booker, Newark mayoral candidate, Ras J. Baraka., and Darlene Love at NJPAC. In 2014, Ahsan toured with Ashanti to Jackson Rancheria.
# The Watering Place

The Watering Place is a play written by Lyle Kessler. His first full length, it debuted on Broadway, starring Shirley Knight and William Devane
Michael Langham, the initial director of the play, and future director at Juilliard, came to its producer Eugene Persson, and begged him to let him direct it. "Langham is known to be choosy and usually Producers hunt him down" an article in New York Magazine said at the time.
On February 17, 1969, Alan Schneider took over the role as director for The Watering Place. The opening was delayed until March 6.
The play closed the first day it opened, but Kessler believed the reason for its lack of success on Broadway had more to do with other variables than the merit of the play itself. "....there were a lot of problems" Kessler said in an interview in 1990, "We'd had a change of directors, some of the casting wasn't right. And at the time, people didn't want to see anything about Vietnam."
Kessler, who went on to write Orphans, won a Rockefeller Foundation grant for The Watering Place. The play has had segments published in a number of anthologies including Best Plays of 1969-1970 and Monologues--women: 50 speeches from the contemporary theatre, Volume 1 and memorabilia from the Broadway production are sold on eBay as collectors items.
Langham said The Watering Place is one of the most significant plays about America he has ever read.
# Günther Kleiber

Günther Kleiber (16 September 1931, in Eula – 29 March 2013, in Berlin) was a former East German politician. He was a member of the politburo of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) from 1984 to 1989, and previously served as a minister for machinery, agricultural machinery and vehicle construction from 1973 to 1986. He was also a member of the SED central committee and the People's Chamber from 1967. He was Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1971 to 1989. From 1986 to 1989, he was the representative of the GDR to COMECON.
Kleiber resigned all his offices on 8 November 1989, the day before the fall of the Berlin Wall. He was expelled from the party on 3 December. An investigation into abuse of power and corruption was suspended in May 1990. After his release from custody, he was unemployed.
In 1997, Kleiber was convicted of manslaughter for his role in ordering border guards to shoot East Germans who were attempting to flee to the West, and sentenced to three years in prison. The verdict was upheld by the Federal Supreme Court in November 1999, and Kleiber reported to a prison in Berlin to begin serving his sentence on 18 January 2000. After a request for clemency, where he expressed his regret for his actions as a member of the East German regime, he was, along with Günter Schabowski, pardoned by Governing Mayor Eberhard Diepgen (CDU) and released from prison on 6 September the same year.