OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ex (Kiana Ledé song)

"Ex" is a song by American singer Kiana Ledé, first released on July 12, 2018, from her EP Selfless (2018). It is considered her breakout single and also appears on her EP Myself (2019).

## Background and content

Kiana Ledé first heard the song on her iPhone, after someone on her team had heard it. According to Ledé, it resonated with her because at the time she was going through a breakup and missed her partner, so he wanted to sing it. She said in an interview with Genius:
   After I heard the song, I said, "I fucking love it," and literally got on the mic the same day and recorded it. We reworked a couple of the lyrics a little bit just so it suited me a little bit more and was a little more tailored to me.
In that interview, she also stated:
   I think there's a certain sad sultriness that the song has that is really nice for girls or guys who are coming out of a relationship and they weren't necessarily finished with the person they were seeing. They still kinda miss them, but they're also on the like, "Ooh, I kinda have this little bit of freedom now and I'm riding with it and I feel good, but I'm also kinda sad." I think that's like the best emotion to feel when you're going through a breakup. It's like the weirdest time, but it's also kinda fun, and I think the song really brings that out, so I want people to feel that and be able to sing along to it and kind of sexy dance to it a little bit.

## Remixes

An official remix of the song was released on March 8, 2019. It keeps the original hook and verses and features American rapper Lil Baby, who details the hardships of a relationship as it ends. A second remix featuring American rapper French Montana was later released. This version contains a sample of "Can't You See" by Total featuring The Notorious B.I.G. On March 29, 2019, a three-track single consisting of the original song and both remixes was released.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard) | 6 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 44 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 10 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Platinum | 30,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Tjalfiella

Tjalfiellidae is a family of ctenophores belonging to the order Platyctenida.
Genera:
Tjalfiella is recorded by Mortensen (1912) from deep water off Greenland, originally classified as member of Platyctenidae. Its whole length is about 14 cm, the width is 12 cm — smaller than Lyrocteis imperatoris.
# Critical language awareness

In linguistics, critical language awareness (CLA) refers to an understanding of social, political, and ideological aspects of language, linguistic variation, and discourse. It functions as a pedagogical application of a critical discourse analysis (CDA), which is a research approach that regards language as a social practice. More specifically, critical language awareness is a consideration of how features of language such as words, grammar, and discourse choices reproduce, reinforce, or challenge certain ideologies and struggles for power and dominance.
Regarding linguistic variation, linguist Norman Fairclough argued that it is insufficient to teach students to use "appropriate" language without considering why that language is preferred and who makes that decision (as well as the implications for speakers who do not use "appropriate language").
CLA generally includes consideration of how a person may be marginalized by speaking a particular way, especially if that way of speaking serves as an index of their race, ethnicity, religion, social status, etc.
Because power is reproduced through language, CLA is "a prerequisite for effective democratic citizenship, and should therefore be seen as an entitlement for citizens, especially children developing towards citizenship in the educational system".

## Frameworks

In 2022, Shawna Shapiro published the book Cultivating Critical Language Awareness in the Writing Classroom. It included chapters describing four pathways teachers can use to implement critical language awareness in the classroom: sociolinguistics, critical academic literacies, media literacy and discourse analysis, and "communicating-across-difference".
Others have argued for the implementation of critical language awareness in other fields such as business and professional communications.

## Applications

Critical language awareness has been applied to educating students in South Africa how language was used to maintain and perpetuate the apartheid state.
It has also been applied to present small groups of children with tasks which encourage a focus on the similarities and differences between languages.
# Insert (filmmaking)

In film, an insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot. Inserts cover action already covered in the master shot, but emphasize a different aspect of that action due to the different framing. An insert differs from a cutaway as cutaways cover action not covered in the master shot.
There are more exact terms to use when the new, inserted shot is another view of actors: close-up, head shot, knee shot, two shot. So the term "insert" is often confined to views of objects—and body parts, other than the head. Often inserts of this sort are done separately from the main action, by a second-unit director using stand-ins.
Inserts and cutaways can both be vexatious for directors, as care must be taken to preserve continuity by keeping the objects in the same relative position as in the main take, and having the lighting be the same.

## In popular culture

The 1975 movie Inserts directed by John Byrum about a pornographic film production, which starred Richard Dreyfuss and was originally released with an X rating, took its name from the double meaning that "insert" both refers to this film technique (often used in pornographic filmmaking) and to sexual intercourse.
# John Wortley

John Trevor Wortley (April 30, 1934, Bradford – August 22, 2019, Winnipeg) was a British-Canadian professor, Byzantinist, and Anglican priest. He was Professor of Medieval History at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada. Wortley is known for his translations of early Christian and Byzantine Greek texts, including the Sayings of the Desert Fathers (2012, 2013, 2014, 2019), the Lausiac History (2015), and the Spiritual Meadow (1992).

## Biography

John Trevor Wortley was born to Alfred and Hilda Wortley on April 30, 1934 in Bradford, Yorkshire, England. Wortley obtained his BA in 1957 and MA in 1960 at Durham University. He was ordained as a priest by the Church of England in 1959.
Wortley immigrated to Winnipeg, Canada in 1964 when he was invited to teach at St. John's College by Blake Wood, who was the Dean of Divinity at the college. Wortley initially served as a chaplain at the college. In 1969, he returned to England to complete his doctorate studies in Byzantine Studies at the University of London, under the supervision of Joan M. Hussey, Cyril Mango, and Robert Browning. He then went back to Canada and joined the faculty of the University of Manitoba in 1969.
Wortley became an Honorary Fellow of St. John's College in 1999. He retired as professor emeritus in 2002.
On August 22, 2019, Wortley died from heart disease in Winnipeg, Canada.

## Books

* Wortley, John (1992). John Moschus: The Spiritual Meadow. Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications. ISBN 978-0-87907-539-2.
* Wortley, John (1996). The spiritually beneficial tales of Paul, bishop of Monembasia and of other authors. Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications. ISBN 978-0-87907-559-0.
* Wortley, John (2009). Studies on the cult of relics in Byzantium up to 1204. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-6847-3. OCLC 430502020.
* Wortley, John (2010). John Scylitzes: A synopsis of Byzantine history, 811-1057. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76705-7.
* Wortley, John (2012). The Book of the Elders: sayings of the Desert Fathers: the systematic collection. Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications; Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-87907-201-8. OCLC 759177015.
* Wortley, John (2013). The anonymous sayings of the Desert Fathers: a select edition and complete English translation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-50988-6.
* Wortley, John (2014). Give me a word: the alphabetical sayings of the Desert Fathers. Yonkers, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88141-497-4.
* Wortley, John (2015). Palladius of Aspuna: the Lausiac history. Collegeville, Minnesota: Cistercian Publications; Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-87907-252-0.
* Wortley, John (2019). More sayings of the Desert Fathers: an English translation and notes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-47108-4.
* Wortley, John (2019). An introduction to the Desert Fathers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-48102-1.
# Agapitus of Palestrina

Agapitus (Italian: Agapito) is venerated as a martyr saint, who died on August 18, perhaps in 274, a date that the latest editions of the Roman Martyrology say is uncertain.
According to his legend, 16-year-old Agapitus, who may have been a member of the noble Anicia family of Palestrina, was condemned to death, under the prefect Antiochus and the Emperor Aurelian, for being a Christian. After being captured and tortured during the persecution of Aurelian, he was taken to the local arena in Palestrina and thrown to the wild beasts. However, the animals refused to touch him and he was thus beheaded.

## Veneration

Agapitus is mentioned in the ancient martyrologies, including the Martyrologium Hieronymianum of Jerome, the Fulda Martyrology. Based on doubts regarding the details of his martyrdom, some of which were related in earlier editions of the Roman Martyrology, editions from the end of the 20th century onward give only: "In Palestrina, Lazio, Saint Agapitus, martyr." Around the 5th century, Pope Felix III built a basilica in his honour on the supposed site of his martyrdom. His relics were kept in the basilica, and a cemetery grew around it. At some uncertain date, his relics were transferred to the present cathedral of Palestrina. Some of them were transferred to Besançon. and other places in Europe.
Agapitus is honoured in the Tridentine calendar by a commemoration added to the Mass and canonical hours in the liturgy of the day within the Octave of the Assumption. Pope Pius XII abolished all octaves apart from those of Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost, including that of the Assumption. Accordingly, in the General Roman Calendar of 1960 the celebration of Saint Agapitus appears as a commemoration in the ordinary weekday Mass.
# Thabiso Semenya

Thabiso Semenya (born 17 September 1982) is a South African soccer player who plays as a defender. He was born in Moletjie in Limpopo and has played club football for Mpumalanga Highlanders, Barberton City Stars, Carara Kicks, Platinum Stars, Polokwane City and Baroka.

## Early life and career

Semenya was born in Moletjie near Polokwane, and attended a Catholic boarding school named PAX. He studied Geology at the University of Limpopo, but dropped out in his second year to pursue a career in football. He played for Mpumalanga Highlanders in the third tier of South African soccer between 2004 and 2006 whilst working as for Bohlabela District Municipality, and later joined Barberton City Stars in 2006 whilst working as a miners' assistant.
Semenya was spotted playing for Barberton City Stars in the Second Division play-offs, and subsequently joined National First Division side Carara Kicks in 2008. He left the club in 2011 to join Platinum Stars on a three-month deal in September 2011, before his contract was extended until the end of the season. He became a regular player for the club in his first season, appearing in 14 league matches for the club. He signed a two-year deal with the club at the end of the season. In June 2014, he extended his contract with Platinum Stars by a further year. He was eventually released by the club in 2016, after five years at the club.
Following his release from Platinum Stars, he joined Polokwane City in August 2016. He made 56 league appearances over the next two seasons before being released by the club in summer 2018. He signed for Baroka in October 2018. He appeared in seventeen league matches for Baroka across the 2018–19 season, before leaving the club at the end of the season after the club opted not to renew his contract.
In January 2020, he returned to former club Polokwane City on a contract until the end of the season.

## Personal life

In August 2010, Semenya was involved in a car accident but was not seriously injured.
His wife died in a car accident in Rustenburg in March 2016; he was also involved in the accident but only sustained minor injuries.
Semenya remarried in April 2019, bot put his honeymoon on hold to help Baroka fight relegation.
# Vahram Alazan

Vahram Alazan (Armenian: Վահրամ Ալազան), (Vahram Gabuzian) (Armenian: Վահրամ Մարտիրոսի Գաբուզյան, 19 May (May 6 O.S.) 1903 in Van – 17 May 1966 in Yerevan) was an Armenian poet, writer and public activist, the First Secretary of the Writers Union of Armenia from 1933 to 1936.
A survivor of Armenian genocide, in 1915 he moved to Yerevan and since 1925 headed the Proletaric Writer's Association of Armenia. His poetic collection "Songs of Construction and Victory" became popular among the Armenian readers. Then he published "At the 60th horizon" novel. During the stalinist terror of 1937-1954 Alazan was prisoned in Siberia. In 1957 he published "Horizons" collection of philosophical poems. He was the founding director of the Perch Proshyan House-Museum in Ashtarak.

## Books

* "The Games of Summer", poems (1923),
* "Poet's Heart", poems (1954)
* "Northern Star", novel (1956),
* "Memoires" (1960).

## Sources

* Alazan in Russian Literary Encyclopedia
* Concise Armenian Encyclopedia, ed. by acad. K. Khudaverdian, Vol. 1, Yerevan, 1990, pp. 73.
# Nicola Squitti

Nicola Squitti was born on July 26, 1853, in Maida, Catanzaro, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, died January 3, 1933, in Rome, Italy.
Senator Nicola Squitti was the brother of Baldassarre Squitti, and Eleanora Maria Squitti, children of Baron Tommaso Squitti, Baron of Palermiti and Guarna, Calabria, Italy. Tommaso Squitti, born September 8, 1831, was married to Rosina Astanti. Tommaso Squitti was invested with the title of Baron of Palermiti and Guarna, in Calabria, Italy, on July 13, 1886.
On January 23, 1887, Baron Squitti, under instructions from the State Department the Italian Consul at Philadelphia, conducted an inquiry into the death of Michael Fezano; an Italian frozen to death in a lockup in the City of Carbondale, USA on Christmas Day. Fezano and four of his companions were arrested for drunkenness and placed in a lockup. All but Fezano secured release by paying heavy fines. He was left in all night and found the next night, frozen. The case created a great sensation, and a prosecution began against the Carbondale City authorities by the Iazzinf Society of Scranton.
During the 1890s he was the consul for all the Australasian Colonies.
Nicola Squitti was a member of the Italian Senate, and a diplomat. He was the Italian foreign minister in Cetinje, 1908–1913, and at Belgrade, 1913–1916.
# Mustaf Ali Duhulow

Mustaf Ali Duhulow (Somali: Mustafa Cali Duhulow, Arabic: مصطاف علي دوهولو) is a Somali politician. He served as the Minister of Information of Somalia from January 2014 to January 2015.

## Personal life

Duhulow hails from the Hawiye clan.

## Career

===Federal Parliament=== In 2004, Duhulow was among the legislators nominated to the newly established Federal Parliament of Somalia.

### Minister of Information
#### Appointment

On 17 January 2014, Duhulow was appointed Minister of Information by Prime Minister of Somalia Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed. He succeeded Abdullahi Elmoge Hersi in the position.

#### Somalia-Ethiopia cooperative agreements

In February 2014, Duhulow was part of a Somali government delegation in Addis Ababa led by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, where the visiting officials met with Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn to discuss strengthening bilateral relations between Somalia and Ethiopia. The meeting concluded with a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to promote partnership and cooperation, including a cooperative agreement signed by Duhulow and the Ethiopian Minister of Government Communication Affairs Redwan Hussein covering information matters, a second cooperative agreement to develop the police force, and a third cooperative agreement on the aviation sector.

#### Media law

On 1 September 2014, in a meeting chaired by Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, the Federal Cabinet approved a new Draft Media Bill. The legislation was welcomed by the National Union of Somali Journalists and other local media groups, who urged public institutions to adhere to the bill once implemented. Among other clauses, the new law proposes the establishment of an Independent Media Council. According to Minister of Information Duhulow, after having consulted with Somali journalists and directors, the media bill was put before the Federal Parliament for deliberation during its fifth legislative session.

#### Public Awareness Campaign

In September 2014, the Somali government also launched a Public Awareness Campaign to tackle and prevent corruption in the public sector and to strengthen good governance. According to the project's director Minister of Information Duhulow, it will consist of anti-corruption programs, which are scheduled to air on radio and television stations, newspapers, websites, social media and various other local media outlets. The initiative will broadcast public service announcements aimed at the average citizen, as well as establish call-in programs, debates, discussions and public events. The minister also indicated that the public awareness campaign would be accompanied by a civic education drive to inform the citizenry on anti-graft legislation, reporting and enforcement.

#### End of term

On 27 January 2015, Duholow's term as Minister of Information of Somalia ended, following the appointment of a new Cabinet by Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke. He was succeeded at the position by Guled Hussein Kasim.
# Richard C. Kerens

Richard C. Kerens (1842 – September 4, 1916) was an American contractor and politician.
Kerens was born in Killberry, County Meath, Ireland, and was brought to the U. S. in infancy. He was educated in the public schools of Jackson Co., Iowa. Throughout the Civil War he served in the Union army. After the war he lived in Arkansas and at San Diego, Cal., and was contractor for the Overland Mail. In 1876 he moved to St. Louis, Mo., and thereafter was interested in the construction of railroads and was active in the Republican politics of Missouri. In 1892 he became a member of the Republican National Committee. From 1909 to 1913 he was Ambassador to Austria-Hungary. In 1904, he was awarded the Laetare Medal by the University of Notre Dame, the oldest and most prestigious award for American Catholics.
His summer home at Elkins, West Virginia, known as "Pinecrest", was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

## In popular culture

Bruce Boa portrayed Kerens in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles episode "Vienna, November 1908".
# Ren Alloy

Karen "Ren" Schindler Alloy (born August 3, 1977) is an American comedian and Regional Emmy Award-winning entertainer, best known for her work on YouTube under the name spricket24. As of February 2012, Alloy's videos have received over 65 million views and have over 234,000 subscribers, and the spricket24 channel is ranked among YouTube's top 50 in several categories, and is among the top 100 most subscribed channels all-time on BlogTV. She has lived in Minnesota, but now resides near Chicago.

## BlogTV childbirth

In July 2009, Alloy went into labor and gave her fans live updates during her delivery. It was declared blogTV's very first live birth. Despite hospital restrictions preventing a video feed, the live text chat had over 400 viewers.

## 2009 Emmy Award

In 2009, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences – one of the three governing bodies that provide Emmy Awards – awarded Alloy a Regional Emmy in the Advanced Media Writer category, the first time an award had been given in this category, for her video 2012: The End of The World. Alloy was the first person to win an Emmy for a YouTube video. She accepted the award from the Upper Midwest Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences at a ceremony held on January 21, 2010.
# War Zone D

War Zone D was the area in South Vietnam around the Dong Nai River, north of Bien Hoa which served as a Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) base area and infiltration route during the Vietnam War.

## Geography

War Zone D, located in the area designated as III Corps, began approximately 10km north of Bien Hoa.$^{:28}$ It comprised southern Phước Long Province, northern Long Khánh Province, northwest Bình Dương Province and northeast Biên Hòa Province. Its northern boundary was Route 14, its western boundary was Route 13 and its southern and eastern boundaries were the Dong Nai River.
Unlike other PAVN/VC bases it was located away from the Cambodian border making it more difficult to supply and lacking the protection afforded by Cambodian neutrality.$^{:178}$

## Actions

War Zone D was the target of a number of early actions by U.S. forces during the Vietnam War as they sought to extend their control out from the greater Saigon area. Shortly after their arrival in South Vietnam, the 173rd Airborne Brigade began their first combat operation on 27 June 1965 with an incursion with Army of Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces into War Zone D.$^{:28}$ On 7 July troops of Company A, 1st Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment walked into an L-shaped ambush in the zone and killed an estimated 50 VC.$^{:29}$ From 5-8 November the 173rd Airborne and 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment conducted Operation Hump in the zone.$^{:76}$
From 11 February to 2 March 1966 the U.S. 1st Infantry Division conducted Operation Rolling Stone to create a road linking Route 13 with Route 16 and isolate the zone from War Zone C to the west.$^{:179}$
The main supply route into the zone was named the Adams Trail which began at Base Area 351 on the Cambodian side of the Phước Long Province border, tunneled its way south through a triple-canopy rainforest, skirted the eastern edge of Sông Bé Province and then passed through the western half of War Zone D. Operated by the 70th Rear Service Group, the trail terminated in northern Biên Hòa Province at a base area known to the Americans as the Catcher's Mitt (11°07′16″N 106°49′52″E﻿ / ﻿11.121°N 106.831°E﻿ / 11.121; 106.831).$^{:46}$
From 4 December 1967 to 17 February 1968 the U.S. 199th Infantry Brigade conducted Operation Manchester to interdict PAVN/VC supply routes into the zone and keep the PAVN/VC away from Tân Uyên town and the Đồng Nai river hamlets and prevent rocket attacks on Long Binh Post and Bien Hoa Air Base.$^{:102}$
A multi-division operation was planned against the zone in 1968, but following the Tet Offensive this was deferred in favor of Operation Quyet Thang.$^{:460}$ Operation Toan Thang I and its subsequent operations eventually expanded to cover most of III Corps including the zone.$^{:464}$