# Antonov An-28

The Antonov An-28 (NATO reporting name Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015. After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.

## Development

The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin rudders, but features an expanded fuselage and turboprop engines, in place of the An-14's piston engines. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew. Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.

## Variants
### An-14A

    The original Antonov designation for an enlarged, twin-turboprop version of the An-14.

### An-14M

    Prototype.

### An-28

    Twin-engined short-range utility transport aircraft, three built.

### An-28RM Bryza 1RM

    Search and rescue, air ambulance aircraft.

### An-28TD Bryza 1TD

    Transport version.

### An-28PT

    Variant made in Poland with Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines first flown 22 July 1993.

## Operators
### Civil operators

Major operators of the 16 Antonov An-28 aircraft remaining in airline service include:

#### Armenia

* Skiva Air (2)

#### Russia

* Vostok Airlines (3)
* SiLA (3)

#### Tajikistan

* Tajik Air (2)

#### Former civilian operators
##### Estonia

* Air Livonia
* Enimex

##### Kazakhstan

* Avluga-Trans (11)

##### Kyrgyzstan

* Kyrgyzstan Airlines (5)

##### Moldova

* Tepavia Trans (4)

##### Suriname

* Blue Wing Airlines (formerly operated five with three lost in crashes on 3 April 2008, 15 October 2009, and 15 May 2010)

### Military operators
#### Georgia

* Georgian Air Force – two as of December 2016.

#### Tanzania

* Tanzania Air Force Command – one as of December 2016.

### Former military operators
#### Djibouti

* Djibouti Air Force two retired.

#### Peru

* Peruvian Army two in storage

### Former operators
#### Soviet Union

* Aeroflot
* Soviet Air Force

## Notable accidents and incidents
### 19 October 1992

    Aeroflot Flight 302 stalled and crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem, Russia following a loss of control due to engine failure, killing 15 of 16 on board.

### 29 December 1999

    Ecuato Guineana (3C-JJI) An-28 crashed into the Black Sea off İnebolu, killing all six people on board.

### 23 November 2001

    ELK Airways Flight 1007, an An-28 ES-NOV operated by Enimex, struck trees and crashed about 1.5 km from the airport while attempting to land in bad weather at Kärdla Airport, Estonia. Of the 14 passengers and 3 crew on board, 2 passengers were killed.

### 29 August 2002

    Vostok Aviation Company Flight 359 struck a mountain slope near Ayan, Russia after the pilot descended too soon during the approach to Ayan, killing all 16 on board.

### 25 May 2005

    A chartered Maniema Union An-28, owned by Victoria Air, crashed into a mountain near Walungu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 30 minutes after takeoff. All of the 22 passengers and five crew members were killed.

### 3 August 2006

    A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 (9Q-COM) struck a mountainside in low cloud while descending for Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all 17 on board.

### 3 April 2008

    A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed upon landing near Benzdorp in Suriname. All 19 on board were killed.

### 15 October 2009

    A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 overran the runway on landing at Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip, Suriname and hit an obstacle. The aircraft was substantially damaged and four people were injured, one seriously.

### 15 May 2010

    A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed over the upper Marowijne district approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Poketi, Suriname. The two pilots and six passengers died.

### 30 January 2012

    A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 crashed while on a domestic cargo flight from Bukavu-Kamenbe Airport to Namoya Airstrip, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing three of the five crew.

### 12 September 2012

    Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 crashed while on a domestic flight from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Palana Airport, killing ten of 14 people.

### 16 July 2021

    SiLA Airlines Flight 42 force-landed and crashed upside-down in the Bakcharsky District, Tomsk Oblast, Russia after both engines failed due to icing; all 18 on board survived.

### 27 February 2022

An An-28 was damaged by Russian artillery during the attack on Hostomel.

## Specifications (An-28)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Capacity:
** 17 passengers or
** 1,750 kg (3,860 lb)
* Length: 13.10 m (43 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 22.06 m (72 ft 5 in)
* Height: 4.90 m (16 ft 1 in)
* Wing area: 39.72 m$^2$ (427.5 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 12.3
* Airfoil: TsAGI R-II-14 (14% thickness)
* Empty weight: 3,900 kg (8,598 lb)
* Max takeoff weight: 6,500 kg (14,330 lb)
* Fuel capacity: 1,960 L (430 imp gal; 520 US gal)
* Powerplant: 2 × Glushenkov TVD-10B turboprop engines, 720 kW (960 shp) each
* Propellers: 3-bladed AW-24AN, 2.80 m (9 ft 2 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 350 km/h (220 mph, 190 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
* Cruise speed: 335 km/h (208 mph, 181 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
* Never exceed speed: 390 km/h (240 mph, 210 kn)
* Range: 1,365 km (848 mi, 737 nmi) (max fuel, 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) payload)
* Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
* g limits: +3
* Rate of climb: 8.3 m/s (1,640 ft/min)
* Take-off run to 10.7 m (35 ft): 410 m (1,350 ft)
* Landing run from 15 m (50 ft): 315 m (1,033 ft)