OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Architecture of Iraq

The architecture of Iraq encompasses the buildings of various architectural styles that exist in Iraq.

## Islamic

Islamic architecture would flourish during the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman periods.

### Early Caliphate

Under Early Caliphs buildings and Mosques were built. The city of Basra was founded by caliph Omar. Kufa was also founded by Omar and given its name in 637–638 CE, about the same time as Basra. The region of Iraq was the important Military base of early Caliphate

### Umayyad architecture

Umayyad architecture developed in the Umayyad Caliphate between 661 and 750, primarily in its heartlands of Syria, Palestine and Iraq.
The Umayyad caliphate was established in 661, when Caliph Hasan abdicated to Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, founder of the Umayyad dynasty. Muawiyah I, governor of Syria, became the first Umayyad caliph. Under the Umayyads the Arab empire continued to expand, eventually extending to Central Asia and the borders of India in the east, Yemen in the south, the Atlantic coast of what is now Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula in the west. The Umayyads built new cities, often unfortified military camps that provided bases for further conquests. Wasit in Iraq was the most important of these, and included a square Friday mosque with a hypostyle roof.

### Abbasid architecture

In the mid 8th century, the Round city of Baghdad was founded as the Abbasid capital, following the Abbasid victory over the Umayyad caliphate. While the Umayyads had typically reused pre-Islamic buildings in the cities they had conquered, by the Abbasid era many of these structures required replacement. Abbasids founded many cities throughout the Empire. In 836 Samarra was founded. The core area of the city was initially constructed in the reign of al-Mu'tasim, with further development taking place under al-Wathiq and al-Mutawakkil.

### Ottoman

The Al-Wazeer Mosque, Al-Maqam Mosque, are examples of Ottoman architecture in Iraq.

## Modern
### Kingdom of Iraq

In the 1950s, as Iraq became wealthier due to oil revenue during the reign of King Faisal II, several important projects were commissioned. Numerous foreign architects, including Walter Groupius and Le Corbusier were invited to Iraq to design various public buildings during this period. Among these was American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, who drew up the Plan for Greater Baghdad, which would include a cultural center, opera house, and university on the outskirts of Baghdad. However, it was never built due to the collapse of the monarchy in 1958.

### Post 1958

During his tenure as President, Saddam Hussein oversaw the construction of several monuments and palaces, including the Victory Arch and al Faw Palace. Many of these have been described as tacky, and unrepresentative of actual Iraqi architectural tradition.
* Baghdad Mall and Rotana Hotel
* Al Ma'amoun Communication Tower
* Al-Hebnaa
* University of Technology — Baghdad
* A university in Baghdad
* Laboratory in Baghdad
* Nahrain University
# Toni Popadić

Toni Popadić (born 5 November 1994) is a Croatian water polo player. He represented Croatia at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
# Jerko Marinić Kragić

Jerko Marinić Kragić (born 24 January 1991) is a Croatian water polo player. He represented Croatia at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
# Benedikt Nikpalj

Benedikt Nikpalj (Croatian pronunciation:; born 6 September 1993) is a Croatian bobsledder. He competed in the two-man event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
# Spirorbis spirorbis

Spirorbis spirorbis or Spirorbis borealis is a small (3–4 mm) coiled sedentary marine polychaete worm in the Serpulidae family that lives attached to seaweeds and eel grass in shallow saltwater. It is commonly called the sinistral spiral tubeworm and is the type species of the genus Spirorbis.
S. spirorbis is a cross-fertilising hermaphrodite that broods its young in a tube attached to the worm inside the shell. The larvae are released at an advanced stage of development and spend just a few hours as free-living organisms before attaching themselves to the nearest suitable surface, often the same seaweed as the parent.

## Description

S. spirorbis secretes a very small, unridged, off-white, calcareous tube. This is about five millimetres in diameter and forms a flat, clockwise spiral coil as seen from above. The worm retreats into its tube when above water but under water can be seen to have green tentacles.
The species has a smooth, white, sinistral (left-handed) coiled shell encasing an orange body about 3 mm in length. The tube has a peripheral flange where it attaches to the substrate.
The worm has a short abdominal region and a slightly broader thorax terminating in ten stiff tentacles, used to filter food from the water. One of the tentacles is slightly larger than the rest and shaped like a saucer, which is used as an operculum. This seals the opening of the shell and serves to protect the worm from predators and desiccation when out of water.

## Distribution and habitat

S. spirorbis is found on either side of the north Atlantic Ocean. This includes the coasts of Great Britain, Ireland, Spain and Portugal, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, the Gulf of St Lawrence and the St Lawrence estuary, perhaps even North Norway to the English Channel and Cape Cod. It is typically found growing on Fucus, Laminaria and other seaweeds as well as on rocks and stones. It is widely distributed and abundant on the middle and lower shore, down to a depth of about thirty metres.

## Biology

S. spirorbis is a hermaphrodite. The segments at the front of the abdomen are female while those at the back are male. The male and female gonads mature at much the same time but the sperm is usually released first. Fertilisation is external to the body but inside the tube. The larvae are free swimming member of the plankton for a short time. They then settle out. In a study, where fronds of Fucus serratus already colonised by adults were available for settling, the larvae avoided the most densely populated areas and favoured the concave grooves on either side of the midribs. When prevented from settling out for eight hours, they were much less selective and settled on any Fucus surface regardless of the presence of adults.
# Nikola Blažičko

Nikola Blažičko (born 13 September 1977) is a former Croatian handball goalkeeper and co-trainer at Nettelstedt-Lübbecke.

## Early life

Blažičko grew up in Rijeka. His parents Duško and Nada were also handball players, so him becoming a handball player himself was inevitable.

## Career

Blažičko began his career in his hometown club Zamet in Rijeka. Soon he became a pivotal player and 1st goalkeeper at the club. In 2000 Blažičko moved to Split for 2 seasons before returning to Zamet. In 2004 he went to Croatian powerhouse Zagreb. With Zagreb Blažičko got to the finals of EHF Cup Winners' Cup in 2005.
The same year he played for the national team in World Championship in Tunis and Mediterranean Games in Almería where Croatia finished second. He also played at the 2006 European Championship in Switzerland where Croatia finished fourth losing the third-place match to Denmark 32:27.
Since 2007 he's been playing in TuS Nettelstedt-Lübbecke in Germany.
In March 2011 he was called up by Slavko Goluža to play for Croatia in the Euro-qualifiers. Unfortunately in June the same year Blažičko got injured losing his spot in the national team and being replaced with Venio Losert.
In 2015 Blažičko got another injury and didn't play for the vast majority of the season. At the end of the season his club Nettelstedt-Lübbecke was relegated to the 2. Bundesliga.

## Honours
### Zamet

* Croatian Handball Championship U-18
** Third (1): 1994
* Croatian Handball Championship U-19
** Winner (1): 1996
* First B League
** Winner (1): 1995-96
* First A League
** Third (2): 1997–98, 1998–99
* Croatian Cup
** Runner-up(1): 2000

### Split

* First A League
** Third (1): 2000-01

### Zagreb

* First League
** Winner (2): 2004–05, 2005–06
* Croatian Handball Cup
** Winner (2): 2005, 2006
* EHF Cup Winners' Cup
** Runner-up (1): 2005

### PSG

* Coupe de France
** Winner (1): 2007

### TuS Nettelstedt-Lübbecke

* 2nd Bundesliga
** Winner (1): 2016-17

### Croatia

* 2005 World Championship in Tunis - 2nd
* 2005 Mediterranean Games in Almería - 2nd
* 2006 European Championship in Switzerland - 4th

### Individual

* Best goalkeeper at Croatian Handball Championship U-19 - 1996
* RK Zamet hall of fame - 2015

### Orders

* Order of the Croatian Trefoil - 2005
# Tihomil Vranješ

Tihomil Vranješ (born 10 November 1977) is a Croatian male water polo player. He was a member of the Croatia men's national water polo team, playing as a driver. He was a part of the team at the 2004 Summer Olympics. On club level he played most notably for VK Jug Dubrovnik in Croatia and Olympiacos in Greece.
# Wolf Lake (New York)

Wolf Lake is located near Wurtsboro, New York. The spring-fed 340-acre (140 ha) lake is a 90-minute drive from New York City.

## History

Wolf Lake is a private residential lake community, established in 1940, with a mix of year-round and seasonal residents in Sullivan County, New York. Wolf Lake is known for its multi-generational community and conservation ethos. The residents own their own lots and houses plus a share of stock in Wolf Lake, Inc. which owns nearly 2000 acres of hunting, fishing and passive recreational preserve. The conservation creed of Wolf Lake is "Forever Wild". The focal point of the community, the Wolf Lake clubhouse, provides social and recreational activities for members, such as a pancake breakfast, an annual picnic, swimming events and dinners. Certified personnel at the beach area provide swimming lessons.

## Recreation

All activities, on the water and in the vicinity of the lake, are for Wolf Lake residents and their guests only. Water activities include sailboating, canoeing, rowing, and electric boating (the lake has a ban on gasoline-powered boats to preserve water quality). As for fishing, the lake has sunfish, small mouth and large mouth bass, pickerel, perch, catfish and bluegills. The surrounding woodlands are good for hiking, mountain biking, riding ATV's, and seasonal hunting. The community maintains its own gun and archery range. In the winter, the woods also offer snowmobiling and cross-country skiing.
# Tupper Lake (New York)

Tupper Lake is located in the state of New York in the United States. The lake is in the Adirondack Park and crosses the county lines of St. Lawrence County and Franklin County.
Tupper Lake was discovered by Native Americans indigenous to the area around the 16th century. The first European to see it was Ansel Tupper, a land surveyor. It is aligned in a northeast to southwest direction along its length. The lake is fed and drained by the Raquette River.
The lake is located in the towns of Altamont (Franklin County) and Piercefield (St. Lawrence County). The Village of Tupper Lake is at the northeast end of the lake in the Town of Tupper Lake. The village is adjacent to Raquette Pond, an arm of the lake at its northwest end. Another arm of the lake, Lake Simond (also known as Simond Pond and Simon Pond), is south of the village. Some of the islands in the lake include County Line Island and Bluff Island.
# Mount Kenya University

Mount Kenya University (MKU) is a private, multi-campus university in the municipal town of Thika, Kenya. It was established by Prof. Simon N. Gicharu and has become one of the most significant private universities in Kenya. MKU has a student population of 52,000 as of September 2015. MKU is chartered and ISO 9001:2015 certified.

## List of Campuses

The main campus of MKU is located in Thika, approximately 47 kilometres (29 mi) by road northeast of Nairobi, the capital and largest city in Kenya. The coordinates of the university's main campus are 1°02'44.0"S, 37°04'54.0"E (-1.045559 37.081669).
The university's currently maintains 14 campuses and centre's as of July ,2024.
* Thika (Main) Campus
* Mombasa Campus
* Nairobi Campus
* Parklands Law Campus
* Open Distance and Electronic Learning (ODEL) Center - main campus
* Nakuru Campus
* Eldoret Campus
* Meru Campus
* Kigali, Rwanda Campus
* Kampala, Uganda Campus
* MKU, Rwanda Campus

## History

The institution was originally known as the Thika Institute of Technology, established in 1996 by Dr. Simon Gicharu. Initially, the institute provided programs focused on management and computer training. In the same year, Kenya's Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology approved the institute as a fully-fledged institution of higher learning.
In 2005, the institute became the first privately-owned institution in Kenya to receive authorization to train pharmaceutical technologists from the Pharmacy and Poisons Board of the Kenya Ministry of Health.
In 2006 the Commission for Higher Education (CHE), which later changed to Commission for University Education Kenya (CUE), approved the institute's request for collaboration with JKUAT to offer both diploma and degree programs. After fulfilling all the requirements, the Commission for Higher Education authorized MKU to establish a full-fledged privately funded university. In 2011, the university was awarded a charter by the government of Kenya upon the recommendation of the Commission of Higher Education.
In 2023, its former campus in Kigali, Rwanda, became an autonomous university known as Mount Kigali University.

## Academics

The university is organized into three colleges, 12 schools, and three institutes:

### Institutes

* Institute of Security Studies, Justice and Ethics
* Institute of Film, Creative and Performing Arts
* Equip Africa Institute

### Colleges

* College of Graduate Studies and Research
* College of Health Sciences
* Equip College of Medical and Health Sciences

### Schools

* College of Health Sciences
** Medical School
** School of Pharmacy
** School of Clinical Medicine
** School of Nursing
** School of Public Health
* School of Business and Economics
* School of Education
* School of Engineering, Energy and the Built Environment
* School of Pure and Applied Sciences
* School of Social Sciences
* School of Law
* School of Computing and Informatics
# Roland Iljadhi

Roland Iljadhi (born 18 August 1963) is an Albanian retired footballer, who played as a defender for Flamurtari Vlorë.

## Club career

As soon as Albanians were free to leave the country after the end of the communist era, Iljadhi moved abroad to play alongside compatriot Alfred Ferko in neighboring Greece for Panachaiki Patras.

## International career

He made his debut for Albania in an October 1987 European Championship qualification match against Romania and earned a total of 4 caps, scoring no goals.
His final international was a May 1990 European Championship qualification match against Iceland.

## Honours

* Albanian Superliga: 1
       1991
# North Coast, Barbuda

North Coast is an administrative district of Barbuda. It has an area of 11.05 square kilometres and is composed of Goat Island, Kid Island, and Rabbit Island.
# New Brunswick Teachers' Federation

The New Brunswick Teachers' Federation (NBTF; French: Fédération des enseignants du Nouveau-Brunswick [FENB]) is a Canadian trade union and professional association representing 8,400 schoolteachers in New Brunswick. Teachers join the federation through one of its two constituent professional organizations: the New Brunswick Teachers' Association (NBTA), which represents anglophones, or the Association des enseignantes et des enseignants francophones du Nouveau-Brunswick (AEFNB), which represents francophones. The federation was founded in 1970, prior to which all teachers belonged to the NBTA.

## History

The New Brunswick Teachers' Association (NBTA) was founded on 15 November 1902 as the Albert County Teachers' Association. Its name was changed to the New Brunswick Teachers' Union on 4 June 1903. Several months later, at the organization's first convention, it adopted its current name on 22 December 1903 in an effort to eschew the typical approach of labour unions in favour of "develop[ping] along the lines of a professional association".
# Kazimierzewo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Kazimierzewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Elbląg, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Elbląg and 88 km (55 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Philipp Grot Johann

Philipp Grot Johann (also Philipp Grotjohann) (27 June 1841 in Stettin (Szczecin) – 26 October 1892 in Düsseldorf) was one of the most prominent German illustrators of his time. He illustrated numerous editions of world-class literature but is probably best known for his illustrations of Grimm's Fairy Tales.

## Career and works

Grot Johann initially pursued a career in engineering; he spent his apprenticeship at AG Vulcan Stettin where he continued to work as a journeyman. In 1861 he took up studies in engineering at the Polytechnikum in Hannover where he discovered his vocation for artistry. Among his first works were illustrations of old German writings at Wartburg castle.
With the support of Peter von Cornelius, he moved to Düsseldorf in 1862 and studied first under Karl Ferdinand Sohn, then under Carl Johann Lasch. With the exception of the year 1867 which he spent in Antwerp, Grot Johann remained in Düsseldorf for the rest of his life. He provided the graphics for opulent editions of the works of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller that were published by the Grot'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung in Berlin, and also for works by William Shakespeare and Walter Scott.
In spite of these prestigious commissions, and his extensive more commercially oriented work in graphic design, Grot Johann considered his illustrations of Grimm's Fairy Tales a central part of his opus. Some of these illustrations are mildly humorous, such as the one in The Devil With the Three Golden Hairs where the devil is pictured reading a newspaper which, on closer examination, is a stock market letter. When death claimed him at only 51 years, Anton Robert Leinweber succeeded him as an illustrator for the later editions of Grimm's Fairy Tales.
Grot Johann's major works outside the illustration business include the stained glass images from the Old and New Testament in St. Peter's church at Leipzig (1884–1886; together with Eduard von Gebhardt and Carl Hertel).

## Sources

* Grotjohann, Philipp. Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. 14th ed., Leipzig, Berlin and Vienna 1894; Vol. 8, p. 480
* Grimm's Märchen. Jubilee Edition, ca. 1900. p. XIII-VIV
# Jaco Engels

Jaco Barny Engels (born 17 December 1980, in Oranjemund) is a Namibian rugby union player whose usual position is prop. As youngster while at primary school, Laerskool M.L. Fick, received Springbok / National Colours in Trampolining.

## Career

He has previously played for the Leopards, Boland Cavaliers and Blue Bulls in South Africa's Currie Cup. He has also played Super Rugby with the Bulls. He joined the Eastern Province Kings in 2011. He featured in both Currie Cup and Super Rugby winning squads while in Pretoria.

### 2013 Southern Kings Super Rugby season

He was included in the Southern Kings squad for the 2013 Super Rugby season. He made appearances from the bench in each of the Kings' first four matches of the season, but SWD Eagles prop Grant Kemp was preferred to him for the remainder of the campaign. He made two appearances for the Eastern Province Kings 2013 Vodacom Cup campaign before linking up with Namibia for the 2013 Africa Cup.

### International

He is eligible to play for Namibia, but did not play in the 2011 Rugby World Cup. He only made his debut for them aged 32, when he was included in a Namibian team to face a South Africa President's XV in 2013 and then represented Namibia in their 2013 Africa Cup Division 1B campaign.
# Du Preez Grobler

Du Preez Grobler (born 8 June 1977 in Keetmanshoop, ǁKaras Region) is a Namibian rugby union centre. He played with the Namibia national rugby union team at the 2003 Rugby World Cup and 2007 Rugby World Cup.
# MV Mairangi Bay

MV Mairangi Bay was a container ship owned by Overseas Containers Limited (OCL). It was named after the suburb of Mairangi Bay in Auckland, New Zealand.

## History

MV Mairangi Bay was launched on 9 January 1978 and completed for OCL on 28 April 1978. She was scrapped in 2002 in Kobe, Japan. The ship was one of two identical sisters built by Bremer Vulkan shipyard in West Germany, the other being the MV Resolution Bay. A third ship - the New Zealand Pacific - operated by The New Zealand Shipping Corporation, was save in minor details, identical to the two Bay ships. Owner OCL was to later become P&O Containers Ltd, which itself merged with Nedlloyd Lines to become P&O Nedlloyd. Mairangi Bay operated for all three entities, mainly on the United Kingdom/Europe to Australia/New Zealand route.
Mairangi Bay was scrapped in 2002 at Shanghai, China.
In 2002 P&O Nedlloyd named a new ship P&O Mairangi (IMO 9244881, later renamed Maersk Denton, MSC Marbella, Santa Rufina then MSC Arushi R.

## Statistics

Mairangi Bay had a tonnage of 43,995 gross register tons (GRT) and a top speed of 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph). The ship's length was 248.6 metres (815 ft 7 in), and had a beam of 32.3 m (106 ft 0 in). She was propelled by two eight-cylinder two-stroke slow-speed crosshead diesel engines with a total power output of 53,280 brake horsepower (39,730 kW). The MAN engines, model KS8Z90/160A, had a 900 mm (35 in) bore and 1,600 mm (63 in) stroke. They were each directly coupled to one of the two propeller shafts, turning them at a maximum 122 rpm. Auxiliary power was provided by five 1,500 kW MaK medium-speed diesel alternators. She could carry 2,344 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of containers, 1,223 of them refrigerated (reefer) containers in holds below deck. The reefer capacity was one of the largest of any ship at the time, and the containers when loaded in the holds were connected to the ship's brine circulation system for cooling. The brine was cooled by a large refrigeration plant located in the engine room.
# Raoul Larson

Raoul Jonathan Larson (born 14 May 1984 in Katima Mulilo, Namibia) is a Namibian rugby union player. He competed with the Namibian national team at the 2011 Rugby World Cup where he played in three matches. He is again included in the Namibian national team at the 2015 Rugby World Cup.
# Ioan Suciu

Ioan Suciu (December 4, 1907 – June 27, 1953) was a Romanian bishop of the Greek-Catholic Church, born into a clerical family in Blaj.
Suciu studied in Rome, Italy first at Sant'Atanasio and then at the Pontificium Institutum Internationale Angelicum, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum, where after six years of study he received a Doctorate in Sacred Theology on 29 November 1931, and was ordained to the priesthood. He was then consecrated Auxiliary Bishop of Oradea in 1940.
Arrested in 1948 under the new Communist regime that outlawed the Church, Suciu was taken first to Dragoslavele Monastery, then to Căldărușani Monastery. He was eventually sent to the notorious Sighet Prison, where he died of illness.
Streets are named after him in Oradea and Satu Mare. On June 2, 2019, Suciu and six other Romanian prelates were beatified by Pope Francis at Câmpia Libertății in Blaj.