# Deoghar

Deoghar (pronounced Devghar) is a city and a municipal corporation in Deoghar district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is also the administrative headquarters of Deoghar district. It is a holy place of Hinduism. The city is primarily known for Baidyanath Temple, one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Shiva, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. The sacred temples of the city make this a place for pilgrimage and tourists. The city is very sacred to the followers of Hinduism.
The city is administrative headquarter of Deoghar District which comes under Santhal Parganas division of Jharkhand. It is the fifth largest city in Jharkhand and also known as the cultural capital of Jharkhand.

## Geography
### Location

Deoghar is located at 24°29′N 86°42′E﻿ / ﻿24.48°N 86.7°E﻿ / 24.48; 86.7. It has an average elevation of 255 metres (833 feet). It is a part of the Indian peninsular plateau which forms a part of the oldest landmass on Earth, Gondwana land. Deoghar is situated on the bank of Ajay river (which originates from Batpar village of Jamui district in Bihar) and its tributary Dadhawa river (which originates from Purnia Lake near Karangarh village 24°35′44″N 86°28′28″E﻿ / ﻿24.595501°N 86.474369°E﻿ / 24.595501; 86.474369 in Jamui district of Bihar). The city is surrounded with various small relict hills such as Dighriya Pahaad, Nandan Pahaad, Trikuti Pahaad, and Tapovan Pahaad. Dighriya Pahaad forms the western boundary of the city and there is a national park being constructed on these hills. Nandan Pahaad is a children's amusement place and serves as one of the principal recreational places in the city. Tapovan Pahaad has its cultural relevance found in Hindu scriptures. It is one of the amusement places in the city and serves as a habitat for monkeys.

### Area

Deoghar has an area of 119 square kilometres (46 sq mi).

## Demographics
### Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, Deoghar had a total population of 203,123, of which 107,997 (53%) were males and 95,126 (47%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 26,893 (13%). The total number of literate persons in Deoghar was 150,988 out of which 85,439 are males while 65,549 are females. Average literacy rate of Deoghar city is 85.68 percent of which male and female literacy was 91.24 and 79.37 percent respectively.

### Religion

Hinduism is the prominent religion in Deoghar followed by 94.30% of the population. Christianity is second most followed religion in the district by 2.65% of the people. Minorities are Muslims 2.23%, Jainism by 0.07%, Sikhism by 0.03% and Buddhism by 0.03%. Around 0.04% stated other religion and approximately 0.04% stated 'no particular religion.
Religion in Deoghar District (2022) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 94.30% | 94.30% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 2.65% | 2.65% |
| Islam | Islam | 2.23% | 2.23% |
| Jainism | Jainism | 0.07% | 0.07% |
| Buddhism | Buddhism | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Sikhism | Sikhism | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Others | Others | 0.04% | 0.04% |
| Not Stated | Not Stated | 0.04% | 0.04% |

## Economy

The Economy of Deoghar is largely dependent on religious tourism and hospitality. Deoghar is the fifth largest city in the state of Jharkhand.
Industry in Deoghar is mainly based on IT, agriculture, hospitality, petroleum, tourism, and in the service sector. Hotels like Amrapali Clarks Inn (a collab of Amrapali Groups & Clarks Inn Group of Hotels), Hotel Imperial Heights, etc. are renowned groups of hospitality industry here. Various small and middle scale industries are present in Deoghar - HIL Ltd, MR Real Food, Shree Guru Agrotech, PDRD Rice Mill, Tulsi Agro Foods. Some large industrial projects are also present:
* Jalsar Solar Park: Established by Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency
* Plastic Park and Plastic Recycling unit
* Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology
Indian Oil Corporation has one of its terminals in Deoghar. This is located at Badladih, Jasidih. This has a huge capacity for employment. After the opening and coming of this terminal, the unemployment rate has decreased because of many people getting jobs from this company.
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is a company / organization that promotes IT and technology industries. This company has set up many IT park branches in many cities such as Bangalore, Hyderabad, Patna and Ranchi. Same as the others, it has set up another IT Park branch in Deoghar. It is almost completed and opened.

## Culture

Deoghar city is usually referred to as the cultural capital of Jharkhand. The official languages of the city of Deoghar are Hindi and Khortha, while other native languages like Angika and Santhali are also spoken.
* Part of the interior of a Hindu Temple, at Deo, in Bahar, from Rees's Cyclopedia, 1802
* Baidyanath Dham
* Naulakkha temple

## Tourism

The holy city of Deoghar is home to various tourist attractions such as:
* Baidyanath Temple, one of the twelve Jyotirlinga in India
* Tapovan Caves and Hills: This series of caves and hills is located 10 km from Deoghar and has a temple of Shiva called Taponath Mahadeva. In one of the caves a Shiva lingam is installed, and it is said that Sage Valmiki came here for penance.
* Naulakha Mandir: The temple stands 146 ft high. It is very similar to the temple of Ramakrishna Mission in Belur Math and it is dedicated to Radha-Krishna. Since its construction cost ₹9 lakh, it is also known as Naulakha temple.
* Basukinath Temple: Basukinath is a place of worship for Hindus and is located in the Dumka district of Jharkhand on the Deoghar-Dumka state highway. Pilgrims visit the temple each year from all of India to worship the presiding deity Shiva. The crowd at the temple drastically increases in the month of Shravan. It is widely believed that the Basukinath Temple is the court of Baba Bhole Nath. The temples of Shiva and Parvati are located in front of each other in the Basukinath Temple. The gates to both of these temples open in the evening, and it is believed that Shiva and Parvati meet each other at this time. Devotees are asked to move away from the front gates of the temple. Other small temples that are dedicated to different Gods and Goddesses can also be found inside the compound.
* Satsang Ashram - It's the holy place where Sri Sri Thakur Anukuchandra had spent his life. Many devotees come everyday here to have darsan of Thakur Parivar . This is the epicenter of the Satsang Revolution and also the chief centre of this movement. In the Ashram many devotees live permanently as natives.
* Trikut Hill is a trendy picnic spot and a pilgrimage site located 21 km from the main city.
* Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar

## Education

* A.S.College
* All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar
* Birla Institute of Technology, Deoghar (Ranchi Offcampus)
* Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Deoghar
* Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar
* Anandalaya Public School, Beside Jagadishpur Branch Post Office, Madhupur, Deoghar - CBSE

## Transportation
### Airways

* Deoghar Airport (IATA: DGH, ICAO: VEDO), served the Deoghar city, which is approximately 12 km (7.4 mi) from the city centre. The airport was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on July 12, 2022. As of now IndiGo operates its flight services only for Ranchi, Patna, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi.

### Railways

* Jasidih Junction is the nearest train station serving Deoghar. It is located on the Howrah–New Delhi main line train route by which it is connected from all over the country.
* Deoghar Junction is the railway station located in the city. It is on the Jasidih-Dumka-Rampurhat & Jasidih-Banka-Bhagalpur line. There are trains to Ranchi, Dumka, Rampurhat, Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Agartala etc.
* Baidyanathdham Deoghar railway station is a terminal station located in the city centre connected directly by jasidih junction. It mostly serves passengers trains but some express trains are planned to be started from here as well including a Vande Bharat to Varanasi.

### Roadways

* NH 333 which starts from Deoghar city which connect it by Jamui and Munger city in Bihar
* NH 114A which passes through Deoghar city by which it is connected by Giridih and Dumka city.
* NH 133 which starts 11 km away from Deoghar city which connect it by Godda city.

## Healthcare

* All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar is a medical school started by government of India. A 40-room outpatient department was inaugurated in 2021, including a night shelter facility for the patients and attendants. Online registration facilities were launched on 3 September 2021. On July 12, 2022, the 250-bed in-patient department (IPD) and operation theatre is opened for public for treatment facilities. The rest 500- bed in-patient department is soon to completed for the patients, making it total 750 beds by the beginning of year 2023.
* District Hospital, Deoghar offer varies treatment and surgeries for patients.