OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Resolution (music)

Resolution in Western tonal music theory is the move of a note or chord from dissonance (an unstable sound) to a consonance (a more final or stable sounding one).
Dissonance, resolution, and suspense can be used to create musical interest. Where a melody or chordal pattern is expected to resolve to a certain note or chord, a different but similarly suitable note can be resolved to instead, creating an interesting and unexpected sound. For example, the deceptive cadence.

## Basis

   A dissonance has its resolution when it moves to a consonance. When a resolution is delayed or is accomplished in surprising ways—when the composer plays with our sense of expectation—a feeling of drama or suspense is created.
Resolution has a strong basis in tonal music, since atonal music generally contains a more constant level of dissonance and lacks a tonal center to which to resolve.
The concept of "resolution", and the degree to which resolution is "expected", is contextual as to culture and historical period. In a classical piece of the Baroque period, for example, an added sixth chord (made up of the notes C, E, G and A, for example) has a very strong need to resolve, while in a more modern work, that need is less strong - in the context of a pop or jazz piece, such a chord could comfortably end a piece and have no particular need to resolve.

## Example

An example of a single dissonant note which requires resolution would be, for instance, an F during a C major chord, C–E–G, which creates a dissonance with both E and G and may resolve to either, though more usually to E (the closer pitch). This is an example of a suspended chord. In reference to chords and progressions for example, a phrase ending with the following cadence IV–V, a half cadence, does not have a high degree of resolution. However, if this cadence were changed to (IV–)V–I, an authentic cadence, it would resolve much more strongly by ending on the tonic I chord.
# EM Gardner

EM Gardner OBE was the name used by Emilie Montgomery Gardner (30 September 1882 – 8 April 1959). She was an American-born British photographer and a British suffragist. In later life she took to photographing notable buildings. About 1,800 of her photographs are kept by Historic England until 2029 when they will be unprotected and freely available.

## Life

Gardner was born in New Haven in Connecticut in 1882. About ten years later her family moved to the Black Country. It was intended to be a temporary move so that her father could establish a factory in Birmingham, but their plans changed and they stayed in England. Her younger sister, Elinor Wight Gardner, as a leading British geologist.
She was a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) from 1900. Gardner attended Newnham College from 1904 and she became the President of the joint NUWSS society that involved students from Newnham and from its sister college, Girton. Newnham was one of the few women's colleges that were part of Cambridge University. The students were allowed to take classes and identical exams to male students but they were denied a Cambridge degree irrespective of their success. She completed her time in Newnham in 1907, but she was involved in the 1908 suffrage tour.
In 1908 a caravan tour was organised that began in Scotland. The caravan was pulled by a horse and driven by a man. The caravan travelled from place to place and the caravan would be redirected to good places to stay by some outriders who used their own bicycles. The caravan had campbeds and a tent that allowed five or six to sleep. They toured into Keswick, Bridlington and the north of England and they would give talks about women's suffrage. The caravan visited Oxford, Stratford and Warwick. They argued the case for women to get the vote, but they avoided ambitions of getting women to be members of parliament as this was too radical. The women on the caravan included Ray Strachey and Gardner. The tour finished in the East Midlands at Derby where they attracted a crowd of 1,000 people.
In 1912 she became a British citizen.
After the first world war, some British women were allowed to vote, subject to both age and property ownership, and in 1928 all women over the age of 21 were allowed to vote.
In the 1942 Birthday Honours Gardner was awarded an OBE for her work in the civil service.
Gardner was keen on buildings and she was particularly keen on water mills. She persuaded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings to take more interest and as a result the Wind and Watermill Section in 1946. Throughout most of the 1950s she was on that section's committee.

## Death and legacy

Gardner died in Chichester on 8 April 1959 after a minor operation at the local hospital. About 1,800 of her photographs are held by Historic England. They will be out of copyright in 2029.
# Sofiya Lyskun

Sofiya Lyskun (Ukrainian: Софія Лискун; born 7 February 2002) is a Ukrainian diver, medalist of the European Championships.

## Career

She won a bronze medal in 10-meter platform synchro diving (with Valeriia Liulko) at the 2017 European Diving Championships in Kyiv and a gold in the team event (with Oleh Kolodiy) at the multi-event 2018 European Championships in Glasgow.
Lyskun demonstrated her appetite for big meet competition when, aged 15, winning bronze at the 10 metres platform synchro event at the 2017 European Championships in Kyiv. In 2018, she performed a difficult dive (a back two-and-a-half somersaults and one-and-a-half twists in pike) for 10 metre board that earned her the highest final round mark of any diver and the gold medal.
She qualified to represent Ukraine at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the Women's 10 metre platform event.
# Laurens J. Bol

Laurens Johannes Bol (23 January 1898, in Ooltgensplaat – 11 April 1994, in Dordrecht) was an art historian who specialized in 17th-century Dutch Golden Age painters.

## Biography

He was a teacher in Goeree-Overflakkee. He later moved to Middelburg in 1920, where he started researching artists in the local archives. In 1927 he married the painter Elizabeth Smit (1898-1994). He became an expert on Dutch masters from Middelburg and is credited with the "discovery" of Adriaen Coorte. Thanks to his work in Middelburg, valuable material was rescued for later generations. The Middelburg archives went up in flames during World War II. The research that Bol did on Coorte, Ambrosius Bosschaert, Balthasar van der Ast and Jacob van Geel (ca. 1585–1638), saved them from obscurity.
He became a regular visitor of the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, and was particularly interested in less popular Dutch masters. He wrote his first article in Oud Holland in 1949. In his thirty years as a resident of Middelburg, he wrote regularly for the NRC and Openbaar Kunstbezit. He published books on lesser-known artists.
Between 1949–1965 Laurence Bol was director of the Dordrechts Museum. Although the museum had very little funding Bol made some exquisite exhibitions in his time. The museum became known for its collection of less well known artists.

## Awards and honours

Source:
* 1959 Buchelius Prize for his contribution to art history
* 1962 Knight in the Order of Orange-Nassau
* 1965 Medal of honour of the Koningklijk Oudheidkunig Genootschap Amsterdam
* 1974 Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau
# John Edward Jones (governor)

John Edward Jones (December 5, 1840 – April 10, 1896) was an American politician who was the eighth Governor of Nevada. He was a member of the Silver Party.

## Biography

Jones was born in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, and his family moved to Iowa in 1856. His early education was in the common schools of his native Wales. He graduated from the Iowa State University in 1865. He married Elizabeth Weyburn on November 25, 1880, and they had two children, Edith and Arvin.

## Career

As a young man, Jones worked as a miner, a farmer, and a teacher. In 1867, he worked on building the Union Pacific Railroad. Settling in Eureka, Nevada in 1869, he was involved in organizing the Nevada Militia in 1876 where he served as Major.
Jones worked mining and agriculture until 1883, when he was appointed Deputy Internal Revenue Collector. From 1886 to 1894, he was Surveyor-General of Nevada, serving two terms.
Jones resigned that post, in 1894 and ran for Governor of Nevada on the Silver Party ticket. He won the election and took office in 1895. During his tenure, irrigation programs were supported and the state's first public library was established in Reno, Nevada. Diagnosed with cancer in the fall of 1895, he took a leave of absence, leaving Lieutenant Governor Reinhold Sadler in his office. He traveled to San Francisco, California to try to heal.

## Death

Jones, losing his battle with cancer, died while still holding office on April 10, 1896, in San Francisco at the age of 55. He is interred at Lone Mountain Cemetery, Carson City, Nevada.
# All Saints West

All Saints West is a parliamentary constituency in Saint John, Saint Mary, and Saint Peter, Antigua and Barbuda. It is composed of the villages of Sea View Farm, Freemans, Clarkes Hill, Buckleys, St. Claire, Bellevue Heights, and the western portions of All Saints.
The constituency was dominated by the United Progressive Party during the 2023 general elections, however, the ABLP won a significant portion of the polling stations.

## Electoral history

Source:
| Party | 1984 | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 |
| ALP | 68.65% | 66.58% | 55.33% | 53.01% | 34.18% | 39.15% | 54.49% |
| UPP | 31.35% | 31.33% | 44.67% | 46.99% | 63.97% | 59.11% | 45.03% |
| Others | 0.00% | 2.10% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1.85% | 1.74% | 0.48% |
| Valid | 1,311 | 1,478 | 1,784 | 2,179 | 3,128 | 3,052 | 3,544 |
| Invalid | 12 | 7 | 10 | 20 | 15 | 19 | 16 |
| Total | 1,323 | 1,485 | 1,794 | 2,199 | 3,143 | 3,071 | 3,560 |
| Registered | 1,780 | 2,153 | 2,560 | 3,108 | 3,450 | 3,874 | 3,959 |
| Turnout | 74.33% | 68.97% | 70.08% | 70.75% | 91.10% | 79.27% | 89.92% |

## Members of parliament

Source:
The current member of parliament for the constituency is Anthony Smith. On 15 July 2024, Smith left the United Progressive Party, aligning himself with the Labour Party as an independent, however, he technically remains a member of the opposition.
| Year | Winner | Party | % Votes | Notes |
| 1984 | Hilroy Humphreys | ALP | 68.65% | ALP win |
| 1989 | Hilroy Humphreys | ALP | 66.58% | ALP hold |
| 1994 | Hilroy Humphreys | ALP | 55.33% | ALP hold |
| 1999 | Hilroy Humphreys | ALP | 53.01% | ALP hold |
| 2004 | Chanlah Codrington | UPP | 63.97% | UPP gain |
| 2009 | Chanlah Codrington | UPP | 59.11% | UPP hold |
| 2014 | Michael Browne | ABLP | 54.49% | ABLP gain |
| 2018 | Michael Browne | ABLP | 54.67% | ABLP hold |
| 2023 | Anthony Smith | UPP | 57.02% | UPP gain |
# Ștefan Tudor

Ştefan Tudor (3 March 1943 – 15 February 2021) was a Romanian rower.

## Career

He competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics in the coxed fours, coxed pairs and coxless fours events, respectively, and won a bronze medal in 1972. In 1970 he became the first world champion in rowing from Romania. He also won two bronze medals at the European championships in 1967 and 1973. He died less than one month short of his 78th birthday.
# Upsilon Aquilae

Upsilon Aquilae, Latinized from υ Aquilae, is the Bayer designation for a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. With an apparent visual magnitude of +5.91 it is a faint star but visible to the naked eye from suburban skies. It has an annual parallax shift of 18.66 mas, indicating a distance of around 175 light-years (54 parsecs). The star is drifting closer with a radial velocity of –30 km/s.
Upsilon Aquilae is a subgiant star with a stellar classification of A3 IV. The outer atmosphere is radiating energy into space with 10.5 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,906 K, which gives it the white-hot glow of an A-type star. It is 180 million years old with 1.8 times the mass of the Sun and is spinning relatively quickly with a projected rotational velocity of 42 km/s.
# All Saints East & St. Luke

All Saints East & St. Luke is a parliamentary constituency in the parishes of Saint John and Saint Mary, Antigua and Barbuda. It is composed of the villages of Matthews, Swetes, Bishops, John Hughes, Sawcolts, Old Road, and the eastern portion of All Saints.

## Polling districts

The constituency has four polling districts, A, B, C, and D. Polling district A is composed of portions of All Saints, and Matthews. Polling district B is composed of Swetes. Polling district C is composed of John Hughes, Bishops, and Sawcolts. Polling district D is composed of Old Road, and the minor localities and/or Old Road neighbourhoods of Morris Bay, Claremont, Kingston, Traumentania, and Curtain Bluff. In the 2023 general elections, all four polling districts were dominated by the UPP. Only one polling district in the constituency was dominated by the ABLP.

## Electoral history

Source:
| Party | 1984 | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 |
| ALP | 51.68% | 52.17% | 46.37% | 40.00% | 34.13% | 32.87% | 45.78% |
| UPP | 48.32% | 46.02% | 53.63% | 60.00% | 64.44% | 66.36% | 52.83% |
| Others | 0.00% | 1.81% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1.43% | 0.76% | 0.39% |
| Valid | 1,484 | 1,660 | 2,133 | 2,435 | 2,722 | 2,753 | 3,074 |
| Invalid | 14 | 8 | 10 | 18 | 16 | 8 | 13 |
| Total | 1,498 | 1,668 | 2,143 | 2,453 | 2,738 | 2,761 | 3,087 |
| Registered | 2,398 | 2,855 | 3,350 | 3,917 | 3,074 | 3,457 | 3,365 |
| Turnout | 62.47% | 58.42% | 63.97% | 62.62% | 89.07% | 79.87% | 91.74% |

## Members of parliament

The current member of parliament is Leader of the Opposition Jamale Pringle.
| Year | Winner | Party | % Votes |
| 1984 | Eustace Cochrane | ALP | 51.68% |
| 1989 | Eustace Cochrane | ALP | 52.17% |
| 1994 | Charlesworth T. Samuel | UPP | 53.63% |
| 1999 | Charlesworth T. Samuel | UPP | 60.00% |
| 2004 | Charlesworth T. Samuel | UPP | 64.44% |
| 2009 | Chester Hughes | UPP | 66.36% |
| 2014 | Joanne Massiah | UPP | 52.83% |
| 2018 | Jamale Pringle | UPP | 48.20% |
# 1942–43 in Belgian football

The 1942–43 season was the 41st season of competitive football in Belgium. RFC Malinois won their first Premier Division title. The Belgium national football team did not play any official match during the season.

## Overview

At the end of the season, RRC de Bruxelles and K Boom FC were relegated to Division I, while TSV Lyra (Division I A winner) and R Berchem Sport (Division I B winner) were promoted to the Premier Division. CS Andennais, Union Hutoise FC, RCS Hallois and K Belgica FC Edegem were relegated from Division I to Promotion, to be replaced by RFC Liégeois, Stade Nivellois, Sint-Niklaas SK and R Courtrai Sports.

## Honours

| Competition | Winner |
| Premier Division | RFC Malinois |
| Division I | TSV Lyra and R Berchem Sport |
| Promotion | RFC Liégeois, Stade Nivellois, Sint-Niklaas SK and R Courtrai Sports |
# St. John's Rural West

St. John's Rural West is a parliamentary constituency in Saint John, Antigua and Barbuda. It is composed of the entirety of Five Islands. The constituency has three polling divisions and includes areas of St. John's and the Five Islands peninsula.
The constituency has three polling divisions, A, B, and C. During the 2023 general elections, all three polling divisions voted in support of the United Progressive Party.

## Electoral history

Source:
| Party | 1971 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 |
| ALP | 42.43% | 51.60% | 56.41% | 58.17% | 46.97% | 34.37% | 37.39% | 38.82% | 43.69% | 49.62% |
| UPP | - | - | - | 41.83% | 53.03% | 65.63% | 62.61% | 61.18% | 56.31% | 50.38% |
| PLM | 56.01% | 48.40% | 40.48% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Others | 1.56% | 0.00% | 3.11% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Valid | 1,855 | 2,680 | 2,216 | 1,841 | 2,033 | 2,450 | 2,856 | 3,395 | 4,012 | 3,956 |
| Invalid | 33 | 34 | 90 | 13 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 8 | 9 | 22 |
| Total | 1,888 | 2,714 | 2,306 | 1,854 | 2,052 | 2,467 | 2,873 | 3,403 | 4,021 | 3,978 |
| Registered | 3,720 | 2,885 | 3,137 | 3,278 | 3,714 | 4,244 | 4,883 | 3,803 | 4,996 | 4,493 |
| Turnout | 50.75% | 94.07% | 73.51% | 56.56% | 55.25% | 58.13% | 58.84% | 89.48% | 80.48% | 88.54% |

## Members of parliament

Source:
The current member of parliament for the constituency is Richard Lewis.
| Year | Winner | Party | % Votes |
| 1971 | Selvyn Walter | PLM | 56.01% |
| 1976 | Donald Christian | ALP | 51.60% |
| 1980 | Donald Christian | ALP | 56.41% |
| 1984 | Donald Christian | ALP | 58.17% |
| 1989 | Baldwin Spencer | UNDP | 53.03% |
| 1994 | Baldwin Spencer | UPP | 65.63% |
| 1999 | Baldwin Spencer | UPP | 62.61% |
| 2004 | Baldwin Spencer | UPP | 61.18% |
| 2009 | Baldwin Spencer | UPP | 56.31% |
| 2014 | Baldwin Spencer | UPP | 50.38% |
| 2018 | Londell Benjamin | ABLP | 52.63% |
# Attorney General of Antigua and Barbuda

Appointed by the Governor-General, the Attorney-General of Antigua and Barbuda serves as the primary legal advisor to the Government of Antigua and Barbuda.

## Background

A person must be a citizen of Antigua and Barbuda with the right to practice law in order to be eligible to hold or perform duties in the office of Attorney General. The Attorney-General shall be a Minister by virtue of holding the office of Attorney-General, and the provisions of subsections (3) to (6) of section 69 of the Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda shall apply to the office of Attorney-General if he is an elected member of the House at the time of his appointment or later becomes such a member. If the Attorney General is a member of the House by virtue of his position in the House, the Governor General may designate him as a Minister. An Attorney-General designated as a Minister under the previous subsection shall resign both from his position as Attorney-General and from his position as Minister. If the Attorney-General is not a Minister, he will resign from office if the Governor-General revokes his appointment or he loses his citizenship. The Governor-General may designate a suitably qualified individual to fill the Attorney-General position in the event that it becomes vacant or the current occupant is unable to carry out their duties for any reason. However, the provisions of subsections (3) and (4) of section 82 of the constitution will not apply to the individual in this situation. When an appointment made under the previous section 82(7) of the constitution is revoked by the Governor-General, it becomes null and void.
# Lu Tien-lin

Lu Tien-lin (traditional Chinese: 盧天麟; simplified Chinese: 卢天麟; pinyin: Lú Tiānlín; born 9 November 1959) is a Taiwanese politician. He was the Minister of Council of Labor Affairs in 2007-2008.

## Education

Lu obtained his master's degree in engineering science from National Taiwan Ocean University.

## Political career

Lu was appointed as the Minister of Council of Labor Affairs on 16 May 2017 by Premier-designated Chang Chun-hsiung after Premier Su Tseng-chang and his cabinet tendered their resignation.
# 1956–57 in Belgian football

The 1956–57 season was the 54th season of competitive football in Belgium. R Antwerp FC won their 4th Division I title. RSC Anderlechtois also entered the 1956–57 European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian title holder. The Belgium national football team started their 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, losing to France and winning against Iceland.

## Overview

At the end of the season, K Beeringen FC and R Charleroi SC were relegated to Division II and were replaced in Division I by K Waterschei SV Thor and K Sint-Truidense VV from Division II. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (RC Tirlemont and RRC de Bruxelles) were relegated to Division III while both Division III winners (KFC Diest and KSC Eendracht Aalst) qualified for Division II. The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league SRU Verviers, Mol Sport, FC Vigor Hamme and RUS Tournaisienne were relegated to the Promotion, to be replaced by Overpeltse VV, RCS Brainois, Aarschot Sport and RC Lokeren from Promotion.

## National team

| Date | Venue | Opponents | Score* | Comp | Belgium scorers |
| October 14, 1956 | Bosuilstadion, Antwerp (H) | The Netherlands | 2-3 | F | Maurice Willems, Denis Houf |
| November 11, 1956 | Stade Olympique, Colombes (A) | France | 3-6 | WCQ | Denis Houf, Maurice Willems (2) |
| December 23, 1956 | Kölner Stadion, Köln (A) | Germany | 1-4 | F | Roland Moyson |
| March 31, 1957 | Heysel Stadium, Brussels (H) | Spain | 0-5 | F | |
| April 28, 1957 | Olympic Stadium, Amsterdam (A) | The Netherlands | 1-1 | F | Paul Vandenberg |
| May 26, 1957 | Heysel Stadium, Brussels (H) | Romania | 1-0 | F | Paul Vandenberg |
| June 5, 1957 | Heysel Stadium, Brussels (H) | Iceland | 8-3 | WCQ | Richard Orlans (2), André Piters, Paul Vandenberg, Victor Mees (2), Henri Coppens (2) |
* Belgium score given first
Key
* H = Home match
* A = Away match
* N = On neutral ground
* F = Friendly
* WCQ = World Cup qualification
* o.g. = own goal

## European competitions

RSC Anderlecht lost in the first round of the 1956–57 European Champion Clubs' Cup to Manchester United of England (defeat 0-2 at home and defeat 10-0 away).

## Honours

| Competition | Winner |
| Division I | R Antwerp FC |
| Division II | K Waterschei SV Thor |
| Division III | KFC Diest and KSC Eendracht Aalst |
| Promotion | Overpeltse VV, RCS Brainois, Aarschot Sport and RC Lokeren |

## Final league tables
### Premier Division

* 1956-57 Top scorer: Maurice Willems (ARA La Gantoise) with 35 goals.
* 1956 Golden Shoe: Victor Mees (R Antwerp FC)
# Ednah

Ednah is a feminine given name. Notable people with this name include:
* Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney (1824–1904), American writer
* Ednah Robinson Aiken (1872–1960), American writer
* Ednah Shepard Thomas (1901–1995), American college professor
* Ednah Kurgat (born 1991), Kenyan American athlete
# Ian Ogilvie-Grant, 13th Earl of Seafield

Ian Derek Francis Ogilvie-Grant, 13th Earl of Seafield (born 20 March 1939) is a British peer and landowner.

## Background

Ian Seafield was born in Chelsea on 20 March 1939. He is the son of Derek Herbert Studley-Herbert (1907–1960) and Nina Caroline Ogilvie-Grant, 12th Countess of Seafield, only child of the 11th Earl of Seafield. He was educated at Eton College. He was styled Viscount Reidhaven by courtesy until 1969 when he succeeded his mother to the earldom of Seafield in the Scottish peerage.
As the head of the Seafield family's 84,500-acre estate, he is one of the principal landowners in Scotland. The family seat is Cullen House, while Castle Grant was sold in 1983.
He was a member of the House of Lords from 1969 until the reforms in 1999 removed most hereditary peers. He was affiliated with the Conservative Party. Seafield was one of the largest donors to the successful 'No' campaign in the run-up to the 2014 Scottish independence referendum.

## Personal life

On 5 October 1960, he married Mary Dawn Mackenzie Illingworth (granddaughter of Sir Percy Illingworth) at the Savoy Chapel. They had two sons:
* James Andrew Ogilvie-Grant, Viscount Reidhaven (born 30 November 1963); heir apparent, who embraced Islam in June 1990 and joined the 600-year-old and widely respected Naqshbandi Sufi Order.
* Hon. Alexander Derek Henry Ogilvie-Grant (born 26 January 1966); married Lucy Clare Potts, daughter of Henry Potts, of Eglingham Hall, in 1995, and had issue:
** John Francis Henry Ogilvie-Grant (born 2000)
** Ivan James Valentine Ogilvie-Grant (born 2003)
** (James) Aeneas Ogilvie-Grant (born 2006)
Lord Seafield separated from his wife in August 1969, and the couple were divorced on 24 July 1971. Shortly thereafter he re-married to Leila Refaat (born 1944), daughter of Mahmoud Refaat, of Cairo.