# La Roche-sur-Yon

La Roche-sur-Yon (pronounced) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. It is the capital of the department. The demonym for its inhabitants is Yonnais.
Known for its historical significance and cultural heritage, La Roche-sur-Yon also houses a wide range of educational institutions, from primary schools to higher education establishments.

## History

The town expanded significantly after Napoleon I chose the site as the new préfecture of the Vendée on 25 May 1804, replacing Fontenay-le-Comte (then under its revolutionary name of Fontenay-le-Peuple). At the time, most of La Roche had been eradicated in the Vendée Revolt (1793–96); the renamed Napoléonville was laid out and a fresh population of soldiers and civil servants was brought in. Napoléonville was designed to accommodate 15,000 people. The Hôtel de Ville (town hall) was established on the southwest side of Place Napoléon in 1814.
The town was called successively:
* La Roche-sur-Yon (during the Ancien Régime and the French First Republic)
* Napoléon-sur-Yon (during the First French Empire)
* Bourbon-Vendée (during the French Restoration)
* Napoléon-Vendée (during the French Second Empire)

## Geography

The river Yon flows southward through the commune and crosses the town.

### Climate

La Roche-sur-Yon has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in La Roche-sur-Yon is 12.4 °C (54.3 °F). The average annual rainfall is 885.5 mm (34.86 in) with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 19.5 °C (67.1 °F), and lowest in January, at around 6.1 °C (43.0 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in La Roche-sur-Yon was 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) on 18 July 2022; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −15.4 °C (4.3 °F) on 10 February 1986.
Comparison of local Meteorological data with other cities in France :
| Town | Sunshine (hours/yr) | Rain (mm/yr) | Snow (days/yr) | Storm (days/yr) | Fog (days/yr) |
| National average | 1,973 | 770 | 14 | 22 | 40 |
| La Roche-sur-Yon | 1,922.4 | 880.7 | 4.9 | 13.1 | 56.4 |
| Paris | 1,661 | 637 | 12 | 18 | 10 |
| Nice | 2,724 | 767 | 1 | 29 | 1 |
| Strasbourg | 1,693 | 665 | 29 | 29 | 56 |
| Brest | 1,605 | 1,211 | 7 | 12 | 75 |
Climate data for La Roche-sur-Yon (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1984−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.9 (60.6) | 21.6 (70.9) | 24.1 (75.4) | 28.1 (82.6) | 31.9 (89.4) | 38.8 (101.8) | 41.5 (106.7) | 38.7 (101.7) | 34.2 (93.6) | 29.9 (85.8) | 21.1 (70.0) | 18.7 (65.7) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 13.1 (55.6) | 15.7 (60.3) | 19.3 (66.7) | 22.8 (73.0) | 24.9 (76.8) | 25.1 (77.2) | 22.1 (71.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 12.5 (54.5) | 9.5 (49.1) | 16.8 (62.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) | 6.4 (43.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 10.9 (51.6) | 14.3 (57.7) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 16.8 (62.2) | 13.4 (56.1) | 9.2 (48.6) | 6.5 (43.7) | 12.4 (54.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.2 (37.8) | 2.7 (36.9) | 4.4 (39.9) | 6.0 (42.8) | 9.3 (48.7) | 12.3 (54.1) | 13.9 (57.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 11.4 (52.5) | 9.4 (48.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 3.6 (38.5) | 8.0 (46.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.9 (5.2) | −15.4 (4.3) | −10.3 (13.5) | −4.1 (24.6) | −0.3 (31.5) | 2.8 (37.0) | 7.2 (45.0) | 5.1 (41.2) | 2.5 (36.5) | −4.5 (23.9) | −7.1 (19.2) | −9.5 (14.9) | −15.4 (4.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 94.8 (3.73) | 70.5 (2.78) | 64.4 (2.54) | 65.9 (2.59) | 62.4 (2.46) | 45.3 (1.78) | 47.9 (1.89) | 52.1 (2.05) | 71.9 (2.83) | 98.7 (3.89) | 108.1 (4.26) | 103.5 (4.07) | 885.5 (34.86) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.6 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 12.0 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 121.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 73.6 | 106.4 | 151.1 | 183.6 | 210.8 | 229.0 | 241.4 | 235.7 | 199.1 | 128.8 | 88.9 | 74.0 | 1,922.4 |
| Source: Meteo France ||||||||||||||

## Population

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of La Roche-sur-Yon proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of La Roche-sur-Yon absorbed the former communes of Le Bourg-sous-la-Roche-sur-Yon and Saint-André-d'Ornay in 1964.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1800 | 1,015 | — |
| 1806 | 857 | −2.78% |
| 1821 | 2,792 | +8.19% |
| 1831 | 3,904 | +3.41% |
| 1836 | 5,257 | +6.13% |
| 1841 | 5,164 | −0.36% |
| 1846 | 6,909 | +6.00% |
| 1851 | 7,498 | +1.65% |
| 1856 | 8,178 | +1.75% |
| 1861 | 8,298 | +0.29% |
| 1866 | 8,710 | +0.97% |
| 1872 | 8,841 | +0.25% |
| 1876 | 9,755 | +2.49% |
| 1881 | 10,634 | +1.74% |
| 1886 | 11,773 | +2.06% |
| 1891 | 12,215 | +0.74% |
| 1896 | 12,710 | +0.80% |
| 1901 | 13,629 | +1.41% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1906 | 13,685 | +0.08% |
| 1911 | 14,885 | +1.70% |
| 1921 | 13,629 | −0.88% |
| 1926 | 14,538 | +1.30% |
| 1931 | 15,247 | +0.96% |
| 1936 | 16,073 | +1.06% |
| 1946 | 18,107 | +1.20% |
| 1954 | 19,576 | +0.98% |
| 1962 | 24,019 | +2.59% |
| 1968 | 36,067 | +7.01% |
| 1975 | 44,713 | +3.12% |
| 1982 | 45,098 | +0.12% |
| 1990 | 45,219 | +0.03% |
| 1999 | 49,262 | +0.96% |
| 2007 | 51,124 | +0.46% |
| 2012 | 52,808 | +0.65% |
| 2017 | 54,372 | +0.59% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Administration

The Communauté d'agglomération "La Roche-sur-Yon Agglomération" contains 15 communes:
* Aubigny
* Chaillé-sous-les-Ormeaux
* La Chaize-le-Vicomte
* Les Clouzeaux
* Dompierre-sur-Yon
* La Ferrière
* Fougeré
* Landeronde
* Mouilleron-le-Captif
* Nesmy
* La Roche-sur-Yon
* Saint-Florent-des-Bois
* Le Tablier
* Thorigny
* Venansault
La Roche-sur-Yon is the chief town of the Arrondissement of La Roche-sur-Yon, which covers 11 cantons, 92 communes, and has a population of 230,386 (1999 census).
La-Roche-sur-Yon is chief town of two cantons, Canton of La Roche-sur-Yon-1 and Canton of La Roche-sur-Yon-2.

## Main sights

* Napoléon's statue (1854)
* Kiosk on Napoléon square
* Napoléon square / Place Napoléon [fr]
* Saint-Louis church
* Saint-Louis church
* Saint-Louis church organ
* Saint Louis Church of La Roche-sur-Yon
* Theatre
* Old Hospital
* Museum
* Post office
* Prefecture building
* Sacré-cœur church
* Renaissance house (1566)
* Old Palais de Justice
* Benjamin Rabier media library
* Train station
* Fontenelles Abbey

## Transport

The Gare de La Roche-sur-Yon railway station offers connections to Nantes, Paris, Les Sables-d'Olonne, Bordeaux and several regional destinations. The A87 motorway connects La Roche-sur-Yon with Les Sables-d'Olonne and Angers, the A83 with Nantes and Niort.
The airport, situated north of the city, on the East of the Lake "Moulin Papon", is host to a private jet business (SD Aviation), linking the city with Europe and North Africa. The airport is frequently used by general aviation, business jets and charter flights. There is no regular flight though.

## Education
### Primary and Secondary Education

The commune has designated attendance zones for its primary schools.
Schools include:
* 2 public preschools (écoles maternelles)
* 2 public elementary schools
* 13 public school groups of combined preschools and elementary schools
* 6 private elementary schools
* Public junior high schools: Collège Auguste et Jean-Renoir, Collège mixte Les Gondoliers, Collège mixte Edouard Herriot, Collège Haxo
* Private junior high schools: Collège mixte du Sacré-Coeur, Collège mixte Richelieu, Collège mixte Saint-Louis
* Public senior high schools: Lycée Nature (general education and agricultural technology), Lycée d'état mixte Alfred-Kastler, Lycée polyvalent Jean de Lattre-de-Tassigny, Lycée polyvalent Pierre-Mendès-France, and Lycée professionnel Edoaurd Branly
* Private senior high schools: Lycée Saint-François d'Assise, Lycée d'enseignement général et technologique Notre-Dame-du-Roc, Lycée les Etablières
* One grande école : Institut catholique d'arts et métiers

### Higher Education

La Roche-sur-Yon is home to several higher education institutions:
* Université de Nantes — La Roche-sur-Yon Campus: An extension of the University of Nantes, this campus hosts a variety of undergraduate programs including Business Administration, Computer Science, and Law.
* IUT La Roche-sur-Yon: A part of the University Institute of Technology, it provides vocational-technical education, granting two-year diplomas in fields like Mechanical Engineering, Business and Administration Management, and Multimedia and Internet Technologies.
* ICES (Institut Catholique d'Études Supérieures): A private institution known for programs in humanities, social sciences, law, and business.

### Specialized Institutions

La Roche-sur-Yon also hosts several specialized educational institutions:
* École Supérieure de Design de La Roche-sur-Yon: A design school offering programs in graphic design, product design, and interaction design.
* Conservatoire à rayonnement départemental de La Roche-sur-Yon: A music, dance, and drama school providing a wide range of courses for all ages.

## Sports

In 2014 La Roche-sur-yon hosted the 2014 French championship of table tennis.
La Roche-sur-Yon's Vendéspace hosted one of the first round ties of the 2014 Davis Cup tennis tournament over the weekend of 31 January - 2 February 2014. France hosted Australia as both teams competed for a place in the World Group quarterfinals.
In 2015 La Roche-sur-Yon, will host the 2015 FIRS Men's Roller Hockey World Cup, the first time that a World Cup of roller hockey is held in France.
In June 2015 La Roche-sur-Yon's Vendéspace will host the qualification tournament for the World Championships in Savate Combat.

## Twin towns – sister cities

La Roche-sur-Yon is twinned with:
* Gummersbach, Germany
* Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
* Drummondville, Canada
* Cáceres, Spain, since 1982
* Tizi Ouzou, Algeria, since 1989
* Burg bei Magdeburg, Germany, since 2005
* Broomhedge, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, since 2021

## Notable people

* Joséphine Colomb (1833-1892), children's writer, lyricist, translator
* Ciryl Gane (born 1990), mixed martial artist, former UFC Interim Heavyweight Champion
* Adlène Guedioura (born 1985), Algerian former professional footballer
* Thomas Laurent (born 1998), racing driver
* Nicolas Marroc (born 1986), racing driver
* MHD (born 1994), rapper