OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vasant Narhar Phene

Vasant Narhar Phene (28 April 1926 - 6 March 2018, India) was a Marathi language author. He is well known in Maharashtra for his novels and articles. In 2004, he received the N.S. Phadke Award for his work.

## Works

His books include Central Bus Station (सेन्ट्रल बस स्टेशन), Panchkathai (पंचकथाए), Mule Ani Pale (मुले अणि पाले), and Pita-Putra (पिता पुत्र).
Phene lived in Mumbai.
# Yong Khoon Seng

Yong Khoon Seng (simplified Chinese: 杨昆贤; traditional Chinese: 楊昆賢; pinyin: Yáng Kūnxián; born 22 December 1941) was the Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Stampin constituency in Sarawak, representing the Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP), from 1999 until 2013. He was a Deputy Minister of Works in the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition government.
Yong entered Parliament in 1990 for the seat of Padawan. He was immediately appointed as a Parliamentary Secretary. Before entering politics, he was a pharmacist, graduating from the University of Queensland. He was born in Betong, Sarawak.
However, at the 2013 general election, Yong lost his seat to a Democratic Action Party (DAP) candidate, Julian Tan Kok Ping.

## Election results

Parliament of Malaysia :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1990 | P158 Padawan | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 16,362 | 62.66% | Cheng Hui Hong (DAP) | 9,751 | 37.34% | 26,692 | 6,611 | 67.99% |
| 1995 | P170 Padawan | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 19,258 | 72.33% | Akaw Nonjep (IND) | 7,368 | 27.67% | 27,867 | 11,890 | 88.09% |
| 1999 | P170 Stampin | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 18,810 | 61.86% | Voon Lee Shan (DAP) | 9,913 | 32.60% | 31,098 | 8,897 | 60.91% |
| 1999 | P170 Stampin | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 18,810 | 61.86% | Chua Chio Kuia (IND) | 1,684 | 5.54% | 31,098 | 8,897 | 60.91% |
| 2004 | P196 Stampin | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 21,155 | 61.18% | Voon Lee Shan (DAP) | 13,424 | 38.82% | 35,806 | 7,731 | 59.87% |
| 2008 | P196 Stampin | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 21,966 | 51.01% | Voon Lee Shan (DAP) | 18,896 | 43.88% | 43,922 | 3,070 | 65.30% |
| 2008 | P196 Stampin | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 21,966 | 51.01% | See Chee How (PKR) | 2,198 | 5.10% | 43,922 | 3,070 | 65.30% |
| 2013 | P196 Stampin | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 22,993 | 35.43% | Julian Tan Kok Ping (DAP) | 41,663 | 64.20% | 65,515 | 18,670 | 77.32% |
| 2013 | P196 Stampin | Yong Khoon Seng (SUPP) | 22,993 | 35.43% | Soo Lina (STAR) | 239 | 0.37% | 65,515 | 18,670 | 77.32% |

## Honours

* Malaysia :
** Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (1991)
* Penang :
** Officer of the Order of the Defender of the State (DSPN) – Dato' (1999)
* Sarawak :
** Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (PGBK) – Datuk (2013)
# Tsujigiri

Tsujigiri (辻斬り or 辻斬, literally "crossroads killing") is a Japanese term for a practice when a samurai, after receiving a new katana or developing a new fighting style or weapon, tests its effectiveness by attacking a human opponent, usually a random defenseless passer-by, in many cases during night time. The practitioners themselves are also referred to as tsujigiri.

## Variations

Sword attacks were not the only possible application of this act. In a variation named tsuji-nage (辻投げ, "crossroads throwing"), the samurai would attack the passerby with jujutsu in order to test his own techniques or indulge in alive practice.

## History

In the medieval era, the term referred to traditional duels between samurai, but in the Sengoku period (1467–1600), widespread lawlessness caused it to degrade into indiscriminate murder, permitted by the unchecked power of the samurai. Shortly after order was restored, the Edo government prohibited the practice in 1602. Offenders would receive capital punishment.

## 1696 spree killing

The only known incident in which a very large number of people were indiscriminately killed in the Edo period was the 1696 Yoshiwara spree killing (吉原百人斬り, Yoshiwara hyakunin giri; lit. "Yoshiwara Hundred People Slashing"), when a wealthy lord, Sano Jirōzaemon [ja], had a psychotic fit and murdered dozens of prostitutes with a katana in Yoshiwara, the red-light district of Edo (modern-day Tokyo). Despite his class and heritage, he was treated by authorities as a spree killer and was later sentenced to death and executed. Later, a kabuki play was made about the incident, which inspired the 1960 film adaptation Hero of the Red-Light District.

## Reactions against

Towards the end of the Edo period, martial artist Motoyoshi Kanaya, a disciple to Hikosuke Totsuka (not to be confused with his grandson, also named Motoyoshi Kanaya), heard a band of criminals were practicing tsujigiri in Akabanebashi Bridge, in Shiba. One night he arrived earlier and hid, and when the band showed up, he came out and killed them all.

## Mary Midgley's "Trying Out One's New Sword"

The British philosopher Mary Midgley wrote an essay objecting to cultural relativism and moral relativism in 1981. In "Trying Out One's New Sword", she discusses tsujigiri as an example of an abominable practice that could be condemned, despite not being a member of feudal Japanese society. A professor of Japanese history, Jordan Sand, criticized Midgley for allegedly misrepresenting the practices of ancient Japan. He argues that tsujigiri was never condoned, and it is not even clear it happened with any frequency. Sand believes that any samurai who did so was both rare and would be considered insane by the culture of the era and that Midgley erred in presenting it had been an accepted practice. Despite this, Sand states that he finds the essay worthwhile.
# Keshav Jagannath Purohit

Keshav Jagannath Purohit (b. 1923– 17 October 2018) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India. He wrote using the pen name Shantaram.
Purohit was born in 1923 in the town of Chamorshi, which used to be in Chandrapur District and is now in Gadchiroli District. After attending Jubilee High School in the town of Chandrapur, he received college degrees, including a doctorate, in English literature from Nagpur University.
Purohit taught English literature for 40 years in different colleges in Nagpur, Amravati, and Mumbai, and served for some years as the principal of Ismail Yusuf College in Mumbai before retiring.
In 1989, he presided over Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan, which was held in Amravati. He died at his residence in the Sahitya Sahawas Society in Vandre on 17 October 2018.

## Literary work

Purohit has written over 30 books on various topics.
He coordinated Marathi Vishwakosh (मराठी विश्वकोश) and coedited with Sudha Joshi Wisawe Shatak (विसावे शतक), a collection of worthy short stories in Marathi written by different authors of the twentieth century. He also compiled Pratinidhik Laghu Nibandh Sangrah (प्रातिनिधिक लघुनिबंध संग्रह). He translated into Marathi Ibsen's Norwegian Vikings of Helgeland, naming the translation as Helgelandche Chanche (हेल्गेलंडचे चांचे).
Santryancha Baag (संत्र्यांचा बाग) (1942) and Manamor (मनमोर) (1946) are two early works of Purohit.
# List of Japanese musical groups (2020s)

This is a List of Japanese musical groups that debuted in the 2020s.
See also the list of groups that debuted in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s.

## 2020

* All at Once
* Arcana Project
* Beatcats
* Bin
* Chō Tokimeki Sendenbu
* Enjin
* Go to the Beds
* Inuwasi
* JO1
* Morfonica
* Murasaki
* Nemophila
* NiziU
* Orbit
* OWV
* Paradises
* Piggs
* Sakurazaka46
* SixTones
* Snow Man
* Zamb

## 2021

* ≠Me
* ASP
* Be First
* HO6LA
* INI
* Mapa
* Naniwa Danshi
* Ocha Norma
* Octpath

## 2022

* &Team
* ≒Joy
* Boysgroup
* ExWhyZ
* Fruits Zipper
* The Last Rockstars
* Lil League from Exile Tribe
* Metamuse
* Ocha Norma
* Psychic Fever from Exile Tribe
* SG5
* Tonai Bousho
* Travis Japan
* XG

## 2023

* Bite a Shock
* Candy Tune
* DXTeen
* Hi-Fi Un!corn
* IMP.
* The Jet Boy Bangerz from Exile Tribe
* Kiss Kiss
* MiSaMo
* Moonchild

## 2024

* Cutie Street
* F5ve
* Issue
* Mameshiba no Taigun Tonai Bousho a.k.a. MonsterIdol
* Me:I
* NCT Wish
* Nexz
* Number_i
* Sweet Steady
# Cape Columbine

32°49′39″S 17°51′23″E﻿ / ﻿32.82750°S 17.85639°E﻿ / -32.82750; 17.85639
Cape Columbine is well known for its lighthouse, the last staffed lighthouse built on the South African coast. . The Cape Columbine Lighthouse was commissioned on October 1, 1936. Both the headland and lighthouse derive their name from the barque Columbine, that was wrecked 1.5 km North of the lighthouse on March 31, 1829 .

## South African lighthouse firsts

* First to receive three navigational aids: light, a fog signal and a radio beacon.
* First lens system designed for use with a 4 kW incandescent electric lamp.

## Shipwrecks

Several ships were wrecked in the area, which is known for its multitude of submerged rocks and reefs.
* Columbine 1829
* Ismore 1899
* SS Saint Lawrence 1876
* SS Lisboa 1910
* SS Haddon Hall 1913
* SS Malmesbury 1930
* Haleric 1932
* Da Gama 1979
* SS Columbine 1944 (Torpedoed)

## Climate

Climate data for Cape Columbine (1991–2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 40.4 (104.7) | 37.5 (99.5) | 36.7 (98.1) | 36.0 (96.8) | 31.0 (87.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 26.6 (79.9) | 30.1 (86.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 33.2 (91.8) | 36.9 (98.4) | 37.2 (99.0) | 40.4 (104.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.1 (70.0) | 19.2 (66.6) | 17.5 (63.5) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.5 (68.9) | 21.7 (71.1) | 19.8 (67.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.6 (63.7) | 17.0 (62.6) | 15.7 (60.3) | 14.3 (57.7) | 13.8 (56.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 14.2 (57.6) | 15.7 (60.3) | 16.6 (61.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 16.0 (60.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) | 14.1 (57.4) | 13.7 (56.7) | 12.9 (55.2) | 12.2 (54.0) | 11.1 (52.0) | 10.5 (50.9) | 10.4 (50.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.8 (55.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 12.4 (54.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) | 8.3 (46.9) | 5.0 (41.0) | 6.0 (42.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | 3.9 (39.0) | 2.8 (37.0) | 4.4 (39.9) | 1.8 (35.2) | 3.3 (37.9) | 3.9 (39.0) | 5.0 (41.0) | 1.8 (35.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 8 (0.3) | 21 (0.8) | 37 (1.5) | 46 (1.8) | 38 (1.5) | 35 (1.4) | 19 (0.7) | 14 (0.6) | 9 (0.4) | 7 (0.3) | 244 (9.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 7.0 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 67.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) | 74 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 |
| Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst (precipitation and humidity 1961–1990) ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather ||||||||||||||

## Surrounds

The Columbine Nature Reserve surrounds Cape Columbine Lighthouse. On the southern side of the lighthouse is Tieties Bay (Afrikaans: Tietiesbaai). 5 km away is the fishing village of Paternoster. The coastline is well known for its sea life, especially for crawfish and abalone. Langebaan Lagoon, the West Coast National Park and a Fossil Park.
# Hyster-Yale Materials Handling

Hyster-Yale Materials Handling, Inc., through its wholly owned operating subsidiary, Hyster-Yale Group, Inc., designs, engineers, manufactures, sells and services a comprehensive line of lift trucks and aftermarket parts marketed globally primarily under the Hyster and Yale brand names. It was spun off from NACCO Industries in 2012, but had been running as a standalone company within NACCO since 2002.
Subsidiaries of Hyster-Yale Group include Nuvera Fuel Cells, LLC, an alternative-power technology company focused on fuel-cell stacks and related systems, on-site hydrogen production and dispensing systems, and Bolzoni S.p.A., a leading worldwide producer of attachments, forks and lift tables under the Bolzoni Auramo and Meyer brand names.
Hyster-Yale Materials Handling was listed as a Fortune 1000 company in 2014, 2015 and 2016.

## History

The company's origins are in the Hyster Company and the Yale Materials Handling Corporation, the latter of which started off as part of a lock company.
Yale Materials Handling Corporation is an American corporation that produces forklift trucks and other material handling equipment. Yale produced its first forklift truck in the 1920s under the name Yale & Towne Manufacturing. Yale & Towne Manufacturing was purchased in 1985 by the North American Coal Corporation (NACCO), which later became NACCO Industries, Incorporated. Yale Materials Handling Corporation was combined with Hyster Company, also purchased by NACCO, in 1989 to form NACCO Materials Handling Group. NACCO Materials Handling Group was then spun off as a separate public company from NACCO in 2012, under the name Hyster-Yale Materials Handling, Inc.
# Hank Laventhol

Hank Laventhol (December 21, 1927 – February 21, 2001) was an American painter and master print maker who made his career in Europe. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Laventhol graduated Yale University with a BA in Fine Arts, then did post graduate studies at Columbia University and went into business in New York City. At the age of 32, he left for Europe to pursue additional studies in art. He attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy, and eventually spent 10 years in Europe, making his home in Mallorca, Spain. He had four solo shows in London and one-man-exhibitions in Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Düsseldorf, Brussels, Florence, Zürich, Lausanne and Barcelona. In the United States his work was seen at five solo shows at the Bodley Gallery in New York City. He also showed in other major US cities.
Laventhol’s work is in corporate and private collections, museums and libraries, including The National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Yale University Art Gallery, The Nasher Museum of Art at the Art Museum of Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, The Print Collection of The New York Public Library, The Free Library of Philadelphia, and La Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. Laventhol has been listed in Benezit, the definitive Directory of Painters and Print Makers.
Besides painting and sculpting in multiple media, Laventhol published editions of etchings and color aquatints, a demanding and precise process that provided him with a variety of color and texture, unrivaled by any other etching technique. He owned two etching presses and pulled his own prints. Publishers include Associated American Artists, New York Graphic Society, Original Print Collectors Group Ltd., Pierre Chave, France and George Visat, Paris, who also published graphic editions of, among others, René Magritte, Man Ray, Roberto Matta.
Critics called Laventhol a surrealist. The artist, however, preferred to think of his work as dealing with fantasy realism.
# Thomas Stanley of Grangegorman

Sir Thomas Stanley (1626 – 27 August 1674) was an English politician who sat in the Parliament of Ireland MP for County Tipperary and Waterford and County Louth in the Restoration Parliament, 1661–62. He joined the Privy Council of Ireland in March 1674.
He acquired the manor of Grangegorman, Dublin. Stanley was knighted by Henry Cromwell on 24 January 1659 at Dublin Castle.
Along with another parliamentarian Sir Anthony Morgan, Sir Thomas was implicated in the notorious Blood plot of 1663, in which Thomas Blood had planned to kidnap the Duke of Ormond, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, from Dublin Castle. Sir Thomas and Sir Anthony wrote "obsequious letters" to Ormond proclaiming their innocence and devotion to him.
Stanely married Jane Borrowes. They had several children including Thomas Stanley's son and heir Sir John Stanley, 1st Baronet. He was buried at St. Michans, Dublin, 2 September 1674.
# Guy Irving Burch

Guy Irving Burch (1899 – January 13, 1951) was an American eugenicist and the founding director of the Population Reference Bureau. Burch coined the phrase "population explosion" during the 1930s, when demographers in the United States and Western Europe were warning of imminent population decline. After World War II, he became a proponent of global population control.

## Early life and education

Burch was born in Clayton, NM in 1899. He attended Culver Military Training Academy in Indiana, the Cavalry Officers' Training School in Texas, and Columbia University in New York. He was heavily influenced by such books as The Passing of the Great Race by Madison Grant (1916), The Rising Tide of Color Against White World Supremacy by Lothrop Stoddard (1920), Mankind at the Crossroads by Edward Murray East (1923), and Standing Room Only? by Edward A. Ross (1927).

## Professional Activities

Burch established the Population Reference Bureau in New York in 1929 and moved it to Washington, D.C. shortly thereafter. He was the co-author, with the sociologist, Elmer Pendell, of a self-published 1945 book titled Population Roads to Peace or War, which was republished by Penguin in 1947 as Human Breeding and Survival. The geneticist Bentley Glass described the book as "well written and interesting in style," but "loose and uncritical in analysis and opinion." He predicted that it would "exert a wide but unfortunate influence." Glass's prediction was correct. Burch and Pendell's book was enormously influential, inspiring Road to Survival by William Vogt and Our Plundered Planet by Fairfield Osborn (son of Henry Fairfield Osborn), which in turn inspired The Population Bomb by Paul Ehrlich. It was also a major inspiration for the population activities of Hugh Moore.
While advocating population control overseas, Burch advocated eugenics in the United States to increase the birthrate among high-IQ parents and reduce it among low-IQ parents. He also campaigned against immigration to the United States both before and after World War II. Burch was a member of the Population Association of America, the American Eugenics Society, the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and the Sons of the American Revolution.

## Personal life

Burch married Wilhelmine Taylor in 1920, with whom he had two daughters. He died at the age of 51 from complications of a heart ailment.
# Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976

The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 was an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to establish standards of weights and measures, and to regulate trade or commerce in weights, measures, and other goods sold or distributed by weight, measure, or number. The Act aimed to ensure uniformity and accuracy in weights and measures across India.

## Background

The Act was introduced to replace the Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956, which was based on the metric system and international units recognized by the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML). The 1976 Act was enacted to keep pace with rapid advances in science and technology worldwide and to adopt the International System of Units (SI units) as recommended by the General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM).

## Key Provisions
### Establishment of Standards

The Act established weights and measures based on SI units, as adopted by the CGPM and recognized by the OIML. It provided specifications for measuring instruments used in commercial transactions, industrial production, and measurements involved in public health and human safety.

### Regulation of Trade and Commerce

The Act regulated inter-state trade and commerce in weights and measures, as well as commodities sold, distributed, or supplied by weight or measure. It also regulated pre-packed commodities sold or intended to be sold in the course of inter-state commerce.

### Approval of Models

The Act required approval of models of weights and measuring instruments before manufacture.

### Control of Export and Import

It provided for the control and regulation of export and import of weights and measures and commodities in packaged form.

### Establishment of Indian Institute of Legal Metrology

The Act established the Indian Institute of Legal Metrology to provide training in legal metrology to inspectors and others.

### Enforcement Powers

The Act granted powers to inspectors for inspection, search, seizure, and forfeiture of non-standard weights or measures. It also provided for the prosecution of offenses and the power to compound certain cases.

## Repeal and Replacement

The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976, along with the Standards of Weights and Measures (Enforcement) Act, 1985, was repealed and replaced by the Legal Metrology Act, 2009, which came into effect on 1 April 2011. The new Act aimed to further modernize and streamline the regulation of weights and measures in India.
The Legal Metrology Act, 2009 retained many provisions of the 1976 Act while introducing new features to address contemporary challenges in weights and measures regulation. It continued to emphasize the establishment and enforcement of standards, regulation of trade and commerce, and protection of consumer interests.
# Both/and reasoning

Both/and is an academic concept which refers to a form of reasoning which resists binary or either/or styles of thinking.
Unlike dualistic styles of reasoning, both/and means that between two options, both can be valid, or that their opposition may present opportunities for dialectical synthesis, rather than a complete rejection of one of the premises in favor of the other.
Both/and is associated with dialectical thinking, which means investigating contradictions in order to attain higher understanding. However, it also appears in broader systems of thought, such as the concept of nondualism, in which the distinction between self and other is transcended.
The term has been used in a texts on management, literary theory, classroom research, religious studies, methodology, and international relations.
# Government Actuary's Department

The Government Actuary's Department (GAD) provides actuarial solutions including risk analysis, modelling and advice to support the UK public sector. It is a department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

## History

In 1912 the Government appointed a chief actuary to the National Health Insurance Joint Committee, following the Old Age Pensions Act 1908 and the National Insurance Act 1911. As the role of the Chief Actuary expanded, the post of Government Actuary was created in 1917. The Government Actuary's Department was formed 2 years later.
The role of GAD within government expanded significantly in the 1940s and 1950s, coinciding with an expansion of the state's role in pensions, social security and health care.
By the 1980s GAD had grown into a significant actuarial consultancy within government and in 1989 the financing of GAD through an annual Parliamentary vote of funds was replaced by a system of directly charging users of GAD's services. The calculation of GAD's fees is based solely on the recovery of its costs.
GAD has about 200 people across 2 offices (London and Edinburgh), of whom around 165 are actuaries and analysts.

## List of government actuaries

The government actuary is the individual actuary that is responsible for the overall running and leadership of GAD. The holders of this role have been:
* Alfred Watson, 14 May 1917 – 7 May 1936
* George Epps, 19 May 1936 – 30 November 1944
* Percy Harvey, 1 December 1944 – 30 August 1946
* George Maddex, 31 August 1946 – 31 March 1958
* Herbert Tetley, 1 April 1958 – 30 April 1973
* Edward Johnston, 1 May 1973 – 14 April 1989
* Christopher Daykin, 15 April 1989 – October 2007
* Trevor Llanwarne, May 2008 – August 2014
* Martin Clarke, August 2014 – 31 October 2023
* Fiona Dunsire, 1 November 2023 – present
# Alain Attalah

Alain Pierre Joseph Attalah (Arabic: الان بيير عطا االله; born 5 October 1964) is an Egyptian basketball coach and former player. He is the current head coach of Lions de Genève of the Swiss Basketball League (SBL).
As a player, Attallah competed with the Egypt national basketball team at the 1984 and 1988 games. He posted an Olympic high of 22 points and 5 assists in a 138-85 loss to Brazil in 1988.
From 2018 to 2022, Attallah was the head coach of Swiss club BBC Nyon.