# 2023 Nepalese presidential election

The fourth presidential election of Nepal, to elect the country's third president since the abolition of the monarchy, was held on 9 March 2023.
The term of the incumbent president, Bidya Devi Bhandari, first elected in 2015, was set to expire on 13 March 2023. She was term-limited and could not seek re-election, with the Constitution of Nepal barring her from doing so.

## Electoral process

The President of Nepal is elected by the majority of the votes of all members of the electoral colleges. If no candidate is elected, a second round is held between the top two candidates of the first round, under the same majority. As the latter is of the total votes including blank and invalid ones as well as abstentions, it is possible no candidate is elected in the first and second rounds. A third may then be held with the same candidates as in the second. The candidate with the majority of valid votes is then elected president.
Part 6, Article 64 of the Constitution of Nepal 2015 sets the following qualifications for holding the presidency:
* A person shall be eligible to be president if he/she fulfils the following qualifications:
** He/she is eligible to be a member of the Federal Parliament.
** He/she has attained at least 45 years of age, and
** Is not ineligible by any law.
* Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (1), a person who has already been elected president for two terms, shall not be eligible to be a presidential candidate for the presidential election thereafter.

## Election schedule

The Election Commission announced the schedule for the presidential elections on 30 January 2023.
Presidential election schedule :
| 22 February | Publication of initial electoral roll |
| 22 – 24 February | Claims and scrutiny on electoral roll |
| 24 February | Publication of final electoral roll |
| 25 February | Nomination of candidates |
| 26 – 28 February | Scrutiny on nominations |
| 28 February | Publication of final list of nominations |
| 9 March | Date of election |

## Electoral college

The electoral college is composed in 2023 of 881 members, of which 331 are from the federal parliament and 550 from the provincial assemblies, with a vote "weight" of 79 and 48 each, respectively. While the federal parliament is made of 275 members from the lower house and 59 from the upper one, 2 members of the lower house were unable to be registered in the electoral college because of a judicial affair and a third one died, thus lowering the electoral college total from the normal number of 884 to 881, and the grand total of weighted votes from 52,786 to 52,549.

### Electoral college composition

Composition :
| Party | Party | Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | Pradesh Sabha | Total electors |
| | Nepali Congress | 88 | 10 | 175 | 273 |
| | CPN (UML) | 79 | 18 | 162 | 259 |
| | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 31 | 16 | 85 | 132 |
| | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 10 | 8 | 25 | 43 |
| | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | 14 | 0 | 28 | 42 |
| | People's Socialist Party | 11 | 3 | 23 | 37 |
| | Janamat Party | 6 | 0 | 16 | 22 |
| | Rastriya Swatantra Party | 19 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
| | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party | 4 | 1 | 12 | 17 |
| | Nagarik Unmukti Party | 4 | 0 | 12 | 16 |
| | Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| | Rastriya Janamorcha | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| | Nepal Socialist Party | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| | Hamro Nepali Party | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | Independent | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 |
| Total | Total | 272 | 59 | 550 | 881 |

### Electoral college vote value composition

| Party | Party | Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | Pradesh Sabha | Total votes | Percentage |
| | Nepali Congress | 6,952 | 790 | 8,400 | 16,142 | 30.72 |
| | CPN (UML) | 6,241 | 1,422 | 7,776 | 15,439 | 29.38 |
| | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 2,449 | 1,264 | 4,080 | 7,793 | 14.83 |
| | CPN (Unified Socialist) | 790 | 632 | 1,200 | 2,622 | 4.99 |
| | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | 1,106 | 0 | 1,344 | 2,450 | 4.66 |
| | People's Socialist Party | 869 | 237 | 1,104 | 2,210 | 4.21 |
| | Rastriya Swatantra Party | 1501 | 0 | 0 | 1,501 | 2.86 |
| | Janamat Party | 474 | 0 | 768 | 1,242 | 2.36 |
| | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party | 316 | 79 | 576 | 971 | 1.85 |
| | Nagarik Unmukti Party | 316 | 0 | 576 | 892 | 1.70 |
| | Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party | 79 | 0 | 144 | 223 | 0.42 |
| | Rastriya Janamorcha | 79 | 79 | 48 | 206 | 0.39 |
| | Nepal Socialist Party | 79 | 0 | 96 | 175 | 0.33 |
| | Hamro Nepali Party | 0 | 0 | 96 | 96 | 0.18 |
| | Independent | 237 | 158 | 192 | 587 | 1.12 |
| Total | Total | 21,488 | 4,661 | 26,400 | 52,549 | 100 |

## Candidates

On 24 February 2023, Ram Chandra Paudel of the Nepali Congress was chosen as the common candidate of an alliance of eight political parties; Congress, CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), PSPN, Janamat, LSPN, NUP and RJM. The next day, the CPN (UML) announced that it would field party vice-chair Subas Chandra Nemwang as its presidential candidate.

### Nepali Congress

| Candidate | Candidate | Born | Positions held | Province | Announced | Ref |
| | Ram Chandra Poudel | (1944-10-15)15 October 1944 (aged 78) Tanahun, Gandaki | Speaker of the House of Representatives (1994–1999) Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs (2000–2002) Member of the House of Representatives from Tanahun (1991–1999; 2022–present) Member of the Legislature Parliament of Nepal (2015–2017) Member of the Constituent Assembly of Nepal from Tanahun 2 (2008–2015) | Gandaki | 25 February 2023 | |

### Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)

| Candidate | Candidate | Born | Positions held | Province | Announced | Ref |
| | Subas Chandra Nemwang | (1954-03-11)11 March 1954 (aged 68) Ilam, Koshi | Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of Nepal (2008–2015) Speaker of the Interim Legislature of Nepal (2006–2008) State Minister for Law, Justice & Parliamentary Affairs (1994–1995) Member of the House of Representatives from Ilam 2 (1999–2002; 2006–2008; 2017–present) Member of the Legislature Parliament of Nepal (2015–2017) Member of the Constituent Assembly of Nepal (2008–2015) Member of the National Assembly (1991–1993; 1995–1999) | Koshi | 25 February 2023 | |

## Results

Results :
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | Votes | Votes | Total votes | % |
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Federal | Provincial | Total | Total votes | % |
| | Ram Chandra Poudel | NC | 214 | 352 | 566 | 33,802 | 68.54 |
| | Subas Chandra Nemwang | CPN (UML) | 98 | 162 | 260 | 15,518 | 31.46 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 312 | 514 | 826 | 49,320 | 99.40 |
| Blank and invalid votes | Blank and invalid votes | Blank and invalid votes | 1 | 4 | 5 | 271 | 0.60 |
| Total | Total | Total | 313 | 518 | 831 | 49,591 | 100 |
| Electors / turnout | Electors / turnout | Electors / turnout | 331 | 550 | 881 | 52,549 | 94.32 |