# Dera language

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
Dera (Dra, Dla) a.k.a. Mangguar and Kamberataro (Komberatoro) is a Senagi language of Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. In Papua New Guinea, it is primarily spoken in Kamberataro village (3°36′43″S 141°03′26″E﻿ / ﻿3.611948°S 141.05719°E﻿ / -3.611948; 141.05719﻿ (Kamberatoro)), Amanab Rural LLG, Sandaun Province.

## Dialects

There are two dialects, namely Dla proper and Menggwa Dla.
Dla proper is spoken in the three main villages of Kamberatoro Mission (3°36′S 141°03′E; 1299 feet) in Papua New Guinea, Amgotro Mission (3°38′S 140°58′E; 1969 feet) and Komando village in Papua Province, Indonesia. Komando village was formerly a Dutch border post. Other Dla proper speaking villages in Papua New Guinea are Tamarbek (3°35′30″S 141°03′18″E﻿ / ﻿3.591701°S 141.055114°E﻿ / -3.591701; 141.055114﻿ (Tamarbek)), Akamari (3°35′49″S 141°03′33″E﻿ / ﻿3.597044°S 141.059233°E﻿ / -3.597044; 141.059233﻿ (Akimari 1)), New Kamberatoro; Old Kamberatoro, ‘Border Village’, Nimberatoro (3°37′34″S 141°02′33″E﻿ / ﻿3.625973°S 141.042369°E﻿ / -3.625973; 141.042369﻿ (Nimberatoro)), Nindebai (3°38′28″S 141°00′22″E﻿ / ﻿3.64111°S 141.006033°E﻿ / -3.64111; 141.006033﻿ (Nindebai)), Mamamora (3°39′14″S 141°01′13″E﻿ / ﻿3.653793°S 141.020182°E﻿ / -3.653793; 141.020182﻿ (Mamamura)), Yamamainda (3°40′10″S 141°02′00″E﻿ / ﻿3.669519°S 141.033445°E﻿ / -3.669519; 141.033445﻿ (Yamamainda)), Orkwanda (3°38′50″S 141°04′52″E﻿ / ﻿3.647337°S 141.081231°E﻿ / -3.647337; 141.081231﻿ (Orkwanda)), and Lihen (3°37′26″S 141°07′03″E﻿ / ﻿3.623834°S 141.117364°E﻿ / -3.623834; 141.117364﻿ (Lihen)). While Papua Province in Indonesia has the Dla villages of Amgotro, Komando, Indangan, Mongwefi, Buku, and Agrinda, which are mostly located in Yaffi District, Keerom Regency.
Menggwa Dla, the less populous of the two dialects, is spoken in five villages located between Kamberatoro Mission and Komando village, which are Menggau, Wahai (3°34′51″S 141°01′45″E﻿ / ﻿3.580863°S 141.029277°E﻿ / -3.580863; 141.029277﻿ (Wahai)), Ambofahwa (alternatively known as Wahai Nº 2), Wanggurinda (3°34′49″S 141°01′43″E﻿ / ﻿3.580396°S 141.028671°E﻿ / -3.580396; 141.028671﻿ (Wagurinda); 3°34′59″S, 141°01′41″E) in Papua New Guinea, and Menggwal (3°33′53″S, 140°59′04″E) in Papua Province, Indonesia.

## Status

Dla (Dera) speakers are shifting to Tok Pisin and Papuan Malay. De Sousa (2006) reports that the younger generation born in the 1990s or later usually cannot speak Dera fluently, whereas the older generation remains fluent.

## Phonology

Dera has 14 consonants (4 less than Angor), which are:
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | |
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | | k |
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | | ɡ |
| Fricative | Fricative | ɸ | s | | x |
| Liquid | Liquid | | r | | |
| Semivowel | Semivowel | w | | j | |
Dera has 5 vowels (2 less than Angor), which are:
| | Front | Back |
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | |

## Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words of Dera dialects are from Voorhoeve (1971, 1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
    glossDera (Amgotro dialect)Dera (Moŋgowar dialect)Dera (Amgotro dialect) head bodabapaleboda hair nanadanenalenanada ear kumbo- kedagombo-galakumbo- keda eye kumba- kwadakamba-galakumba- kwada nose gutubudamorgutubu tooth jabo-gemdadjabojabo-gemda tongue tabuteptabu louse manəmavemanə dog jabodojabodo pig wadəwadə bird dutudu egg dogomdatugaboladogomda blood kodoaholakodoa bone gemdasabagemda skin kuedakiabakueda breast tototututoto tree namo; nomoagalanamo; nomo man jani- ndiajanijani- ndia woman kuadedebokolbakekuadedebo sun kəbugəfukəbu moon amanaanamamana water kuegəweikue fire kaikaikai stone nəmainiminəmai road, path bakodabakoda name dia eat tato-hede-tato- one mano; ŋguadumamumano; ŋguadu two imbujimbalimbu