OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phycobilin

Phycobilins (from Greek: φύκος (phykos) meaning "alga", and from Latin: bilis meaning "bile") are light-capturing bilins found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae, glaucophytes and some cryptomonads (though not in green algae and plants). Most of their molecules consist of a chromophore which makes them coloured. They are unique among the photosynthetic pigments in that they are bonded to certain water-soluble proteins, known as phycobiliproteins. Phycobiliproteins then pass the light energy to chlorophylls for photosynthesis.
The phycobilins are especially efficient at absorbing red, orange, yellow, and green light, wavelengths that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll a. Organisms growing in shallow waters tend to contain phycobilins that can capture yellow/red light, while those at greater depth often contain more of the phycobilins that can capture green light, which is relatively more abundant there.
The phycobilins fluoresce at a particular wavelength, and are, therefore, often used in research as chemical tags, e.g., by binding phycobiliproteins to antibodies in a technique known as immunofluorescence.

## Types

There are four types of phycobilins:
* Phycoerythrobilin, which is red
* Phycourobilin, which is orange
* Phycoviolobilin (also known as phycobiliviolin) found in phycoerythrocyanin
* Phycocyanobilin (also known as phycobiliverdin), which is blue.
They can be found in different combinations attached to phycobiliproteins to confer specific spectroscopic properties.

## Structural relation to other molecules

In chemical terms, phycobilins consist of an open chain of four pyrrole rings (tetrapyrrole) and are structurally similar to the bile pigment bilirubin, which explains the name. (Bilirubin's conformation is also affected by light, a fact used for the phototherapy of jaundiced newborns.) Phycobilins are also closely related to the chromophores of the light-detecting plant pigment phytochrome, which also consist of an open chain of four pyrroles. Chlorophylls are composed of four pyrroles as well, but there the pyrroles are arranged in a ring and contain a metal atom in the center of it.
# 2000 Croatia Open

The 2000 Croatia Open, also known as the International Championship of Croatia, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Umag, Croatia that was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was held from 17 July until 23 July 2000. Second-seeded Marcelo Ríos won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Marcelo Ríos defeated Mariano Puerta, 7–6$^{(7–1)}$, 4–6, 6–3
* It was Ríos' 1st singles title of the year and the 16th of his career.

### Doubles

Álex López Morón / Albert Portas defeated Ivan Ljubičić / Lovro Zovko, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3
# Althaspis

Althaspis is an extinct genus of pteraspidid heterostracan agnathan. Fossils are found in Early Devonian-aged marine strata of Europe
# Fly (Songs Inspired by the Film Eddie the Eagle)

Fly (Songs Inspired by the Film Eddie the Eagle) was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the official film score from Eddie the Eagle. It is a collection of original songs curated by Gary Barlow, and includes tracks by some of the biggest names in 1980s pop music. The project was kicked off by film producer and director Matthew Vaughn, who asked Barlow to put together the album because he was reluctant to score the film with "overused" 80s hits. Barlow then went in search of his favourite 80s artists, doing his homework, to make sure they could all sing and perform again, by watching up to date YouTube footage.
Holly Johnson released the track "Ascension", co-written with Gary Barlow, as a single on February 3, 2016.
# 2015 NCAA football bowl games

In college football, 2015 NCAA football bowl games may refer to:
* 2014–15 NCAA football bowl games, for games played in January 2015 as part of the 2014 season
* 2015–16 NCAA football bowl games, for games played in December 2015 as part of the 2015 season
# Andamia cyclocheilus

Andamia cyclocheilus is a species of combtooth blenny which is known from a single specimen from Atjatuning, western New Guinea. The IUCN rate it as Data Deficient because its taxonomy is unclear. It is associated with reefs.
# Eswars

Eswars (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Eswars | The arms of Eswars are blazoned : Gules, a bend Or charged in chief with a lion azure, armed and langued gules. |
# Flat-headed shrew

The flat-headed shrew (Crocidura planiceps) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Uganda. The flat-headed shrew is listed as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

## Sources

* Kennerley, R.; Gerrie, R. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Crocidura planiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41351A115180837. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41351A22310439.en. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
vteExtant species of Eulipotyphla :
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria :
Family: Erinaceidae
subfamily: Erinaceinae :
Family: Erinaceidae
subfamily: Galericinae :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Crocidurinae :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Crocidurinae (continued) :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Soricinae :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Soricinae (tribe: Soricini) :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Myosoricinae :
Family: Talpidae :
Family: Solenodontidae :
* This article about a white-toothed shrew is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Althann

The House of Althann (also spelled Althan, Altham or Altheim) is the name of an ancient German noble family that originated from Lower Bavaria, whose members occupied many important political and clerical positions during the Holy Roman Empire. From 1714, they held the position of hereditary Cup-bearers for the Holy Roman Emperor.

## History

They are one of the oldest extant German noble families, going back to at least 1129. By 1400, they had moved to Austria, where they were created barons, in 1574, and Imperial Counts, in 1610. After Brandenberg-Prussia annexed Silesia in the First Silesian War, a branch of the family joined the Prussian nobility. In the nineteenth century, they had seats in both the Austrian and Prussian Herrenhauser, or House of Lords.
A list of notable members and possessions of the family may be found in the corresponding German Wikipedia article.
# Flambard's Confession

Flambard's Confession is an historical novel written by the American author Marilyn Durham. Published in 1982 by Harcourt, the novel marked a return to Durham's primary intellectual passion, the history of Medieval England, after her two previous novels which were set in the American Old West.
Flambard, an historical figure and protagonist of the novel, is a priest and functionary of both William the Conqueror and William Rufus, the first two Norman kings of England. Durham tells his story as a deathbed confession, full of the court intrigue of the times and colorful descriptions of early 12th century life in England.
Like her previous two books, Flambard's Confession was featured as a selection of the Book of the Month Club, and was critically praised. However, it sold less well than her preceding works. Flambard’s Confession was Durham's last novel.
# 2015 NCAA Skiing Championships

The 2015 NCAA Skiing Championships were held in Lake Placid, New York, on March 11–14, 2015. St. Lawrence hosted the event with all alpine and Nordic events taking place at Olympic Center. It was the first time St. Lawrence served as host of the championship and it was the third time it was held in Lake Placid, the other times being 1980 and 1982.

## Regional Competitions

The NCAA skiing landscape is made up of three regions, each with one conference. The Western Region comprises the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association (RMISA), the Central Region of the Central Collegiate Ski Association (CCSA) and the Eastern Region of the Eastern Intercollegiate Ski Association (EISA). Qualification for the NCAA Championships is not only attained from competition in each regional.
Regional championships took place two or three weeks prior to the NCAA Championships.

## Venues And Events

The NCAA Skiing Championships are coed championship made up of eight events, two events in both alpine and Nordic racing for both men and women. Alpine events are giant slalom and slalom and Nordic events are classical and freestyle (skate). In Nordic competition, there is typically one shorter interval start race and one longer mass start race, and every two years it flips.
In 2015, the events were: Men's Giant slalom and Women's giant slalom; Men's and Women's Classical; Men's and Women's slalom; and Men's and Women's Freestyle. One alpine race is normally run to completion and the other normally alternates between men and women's first and second runs. Nordic distances are 5K and 15K for women's races and 10K and 20K for men's. One Nordic race was an interval start and the other a mass start.
All events took place at Olympic Center in Lake Placid.
# 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–CONMEBOL play-off)

The CONCACAF–CONMEBOL play-off of the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification competition was a two-legged home-and-away tie that decided one spot in the final tournament in the United States. The play-off was contested by the runners-up from CONCACAF, Mexico, and the runners-up from CONMEBOL, Argentina.

## Qualified teams

| Confederation | Placement | Team |
| CONCACAF | 1998 CONCACAF Women's Championship 2nd place | Mexico |
| CONMEBOL | 1998 South American Women's Football Championship 2nd place | Argentina |

## Summary

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Mexico | 6–3 | Argentina | 3–1 | 3–2 |

## Matches

Mexico won 6–3 on aggregate and qualified for the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.

## Goalscorers

There were 9 goals scored in 2 matches, for an average of 4.5 goals per match.
2 goals
* Maribel Domínguez
* Monica Gerardo
1 goal
* Yanina Gaitán
* Malvina Peralta
* Unknown
* Evelyn López
* Iris Mora
# Duži, Neum

Duži is a village in the municipality of Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 42, all Croats.
# Fatawa-e-Rashidiya

Fatawa-e-Rashidiya is a collection of Islamic legal verdicts, or fatwas, written by the Indian scholar Rashid Ahmad Gangohi in the late 19th century. It contains over 2000 fatwas on various topics related to Islamic beliefs, practices, and customs, and played an important role in eradicating false innovations and un-Islamic customs from Muslim society. The collection was the first of its kind from any scholar of the Deobandi school of thought and is considered a significant work in the history of Islamic scholarship in the Indian subcontinent. It was originally published in three separate parts, but has since been combined into one volume. The fatwas were written during Rashid Ahmad Gangohi's tenure as the mufti (Islamic jurist) of the Darul Uloom Deoband, a prominent Islamic seminary in northern India, and cover a wide range of topics including religious beliefs, rituals, customs, and social issues. The fatwas are written in a concise and straightforward manner, without delving into detailed discussions or referencing the views of other Islamic scholars. It has been a valuable source of Islamic legal guidance for Muslims in the Indian subcontinent and beyond, and continues to be studied and referenced by scholars and students of Islamic law.

## Background

Fatwa is a legal opinion or ruling issued by a recognized Islamic authority on a particular issue or question. The concept of fatwa dates back to the early days of Islam when Muslims sought guidance from their religious leaders on various matters. In the Indian context, Darul Uloom Deoband has played a prominent role in the development and dissemination of Islamic jurisprudence and the issuance of fatwas.
Darul Uloom Deoband is a prominent Islamic seminary located in the town of Deoband, India. It was founded in 1866 by a group of Islamic scholars who were concerned about the spread of Western education and culture in India. They wanted to establish a traditional Islamic institution to counter it. The institution has produced many influential scholars who have contributed significantly to Islamic jurisprudence, including the issuance of fatwas. One such scholar is Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi was considered an expert in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) by his contemporaries and later scholars. He was proficient in writing Fatwas (Islamic legal opinions) and received queries from people even abroad. He was so skilled in Fiqh and Fatwa writing that he was referred to in many issues by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi and Darul Uloom Deoband. Anwar Shah Kashmiri, a prominent Islamic scholar, called him Faqih al-Nafs (original jurist) and considered him even superior to Ibn Abidin, the author of the famous commentary of Radd al-Muhtar. Kashmiri said that he didn't see anyone parallel to Gangohi in Fiqh during the century's span among the group of well-qualified Ulama (Islamic scholars). Gangohi objected to the internal shortcomings of Muslims, curbing on the polytheistic customs and beliefs that crept into Muslims and struggled for the restoration of the glory of the past Muslims through his Fatwas.
# 62 and 62b Cadogan Square

62 and 62b Cadogan Square is a Grade II* listed building in Cadogan Square, London SW1.
It was built in the British Queen Anne Revival style in 1883, and the architect was Richard Norman Shaw.
# Divorce Court (Australian TV series)

Divorce Court is a 1967 Australian TV series made by NLT Productions. Drama series featuring re-enactments of real-life cases heard in a divorce court.

## Cast

* Sue Condon
* Ron Haddrick
* Nigel Lovell
* John Morgan
* Lorraine Bayly
# Andamia pacifica

Andamia pacifica is a species of combtooth blenny which is found in the Kerama Islands near Okinawa, Japan and is probably distributed along the Ryukyu Island chain. It is oviparous, laying adhesive eggs on the substrate, forming distinct pairs.
# Dusky turtle dove

The dusky turtle dove or pink-breasted turtle dove (Streptopelia lugens) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, and Zambia.
# Gentiloni

Gentiloni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Paolo Gentiloni (born 1954), Italian Prime Minister
* Vincenzo Ottorino Gentiloni (1865–1916), Italian politician, known for the
** Gentiloni pact, 1913 Italian political deal
# Dryopteris dilatata

Dryopteris dilatata, the broad buckler-fern, is a robust species of deciduous or semievergreen fern in the family Dryopteridaceae, native to Europe, particularly western and central Europe. In southern Europe, it is mostly found in mountainous regions. It is also found between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. It grows to 90 cm (35 in) tall by 120 cm (47 in) wide, with dark green tripinnate fronds, the ribs covered in brown scales.
The Latin specific epithet dilatata means "spread out".
The species and the cultivars 'Crispa Whiteside' and 'Lepidota Cristata' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Durgi

Durgi is a village in Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Durgi mandal in Gurazala revenue division. In 15th century, Durgi stone craft was originated in the village.

## Geography

Durgi is situated at 16°26′25″N 79°37′25″E﻿ / ﻿16.4401661°N 79.6235407°E﻿ / 16.4401661; 79.6235407. It is spread over an area of 5,762 ha (14,240 acres).

## Governance

Durgi gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member.

## Education

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has 6 MPP, one KGBV, one model and 7 private schools.
# B-boys

B-boys may refer to one of the following:
* Several contenders for 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries whose first or last name starts with "B"
* Individuals who participate in breakdancing
# Alphonse Alkan

Alphonse Alkan (also known as Alphonse the Elder, 1809 in Paris – 1889 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) was a French printer, bibliographer, and author. He was a brother of Eugène Alcan but the reason for the difference in the orthography of the family name has never been explained. He first worked as a practical printer, then wrote for various typographical and bibliographical reviews, and subsequently was appointed secretary and proof-reader to the Count de Clarac, keeper of the Museum of Antiquities in the Louvre. Alkan was a prolific writer and the author of many books, pamphlets, and articles, which deal with the art and history of printing and illustrating as well as with bibliography.
The Jewish Encyclopedia lists his most important books as:
* Les Femmes Compositrices d'Imprimerie sous la Révolution Française de 1794, par un Ancien Typographe, 1862 (anonymous)
* Les Graveurs de Portraits en France, 1879
* Documents pour Servir à l'Histoire de la Librairie Parisienne, 1879
* Les Livres et Leurs Ennemis, 1883
* Les Etiquettes et les Inscriptions des Boîtes-Volumes de Pierre Jannet, Fondateur de la Bibliothèque Elzéverienne, 1883
* Edouard René Lefèbvre de Laboulaye, un Fondeur en Caractères, Membre de l'Institut, 1886
* Berbignier et SonLivre: les Farfadets, 1889
* Les Quatre Doyens de la Typographie Parisienne, 1889
# Gachalá

Gachalá is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Guavio Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca. The urban centre of Gachalá is situated at a distance of 148 kilometres (92 mi) from the capital Bogotá at an altitude of 1,712 metres (5,617 ft) in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The municipality borders the western portion of the split municipality Ubalá and the department of Boyacá in the north, the eastern part of Ubalá and Medina in the east, Fómeque, Junín and Gama in the west and Fómeque, Medina and the department of Meta in the south.

## Etymology

The name of Gachalá is derived from Chibcha and means "clay vessel of the night" or "defeat of the night".

## History

Before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca, Gachalá was inhabited by the Chío tribe, belonging to the Muisca. As of 1548, the terrain of Gachalá belonged to the cacique of Guatavita.
Modern Gachalá was founded on February 22, 1810, by Mariano de Mendoza y Bueno.

## Economy

Main economical activity in Gachalá is the hydroelectric plant of the Guavio Reservoir. Also emerald mining is an important source of income for Gachalá. The 858 carats (171.6 g) Gachalá Emerald was found in and named after Gachalá.

## Born in Gachalá

* Gonzalo Correal Urrego, anthropologist and archaeologist

## Gallery

* Church of Gachalá
* Gachalá Emerald
# Ampullaceana ampla

Ampullaceana ampla is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.

## Distribution

This species is found in European countries including:
* Germany
* Poland
* Czech Republic
* Slovakia
* and others in Central and Eastern Europe.Then across the Palearctic to Siberia' The species lives in calm parts of rivers and lakes. They mostly stay on the shoreline near the water surface. A. ampla is relatively rare.
# Pierre-Joseph de Beauchamp

Pierre Joseph de Beauchamp (28 June 1752, Vesoul 18 November 1801, Nice) was a French diplomat, clergyman and astronomer.
He was the son of the lawyer Xavier de Beauchamp. He was made vicar general to his uncle Miroudot du Bourg, titular bishop of Baghdad and set out for Aleppo with him in 1781. The following year he reached Baghdad with the French consul Jean-François Rousseau and the botanist André Michaux. After travelling to Persia, de Beauchamp returned to France in 1790.
He was made a member of the Institut d'Égypte on 7 September 1798, joining its physics section during the Institut's third session. From 3 March 1795 he became consul at Muscat, Oman. He was then sent on a conciliatory mission to Ottoman sultan in Constantinople by Napoleon Bonaparte. He left Alexandria on 13 February 1799, but his ship was captured by the Royal Navy en route. As the Ottomans had by now declared war on France, de Beauchamp, the French chargé d'affaires to Constantinople and the whole French ambassador's staff were all imprisoned at Yedi Kule. de Beauchamp died soon after his eventual return to France upon the Treaty of Amiens.

## Sources

* (in French) Régis Pluchet, L'extraordinaire voyage d'un botaniste en Perse. André Michaux : 1782–1785, éditions Privat, 2014.
* (in French) Edouard de Villiers du Terrage, Journal et souvenirs sur l'expédition d'Égypte, mis en ordre et publiés par le baron Marc de Villiers du Terrage, Paris, E. Plon, Nourrit, 1899, et L'expédition d'Égypte 1798–1801, Journal et souvenirs d'un jeune savant, Paris, Cosmopole, 2001 et 2003, p. 351.
* (in French) Yves Laissus, L'Égypte, une aventure savante 1798–1801, Paris, Fayard, 1998.
* (in French) Archives Nationales, AF IV 1687, dossier 2 : Pièces concernant le décès et le testament de l'astronome-diplomate Beauchamp, membre de l'Institut d'Égypte (November 1801).
* (in French) Bibliothèque Nationale de France, manuscrits, Fr. n.a. 10157 : Papiers de Beauchamp.
* (in French) Jean-Joseph Marcel, Supplément à toutes les biographies. Souvenirs de quelques amis d'Égypte [Sulkowski, Venture de Paradis, Gloutier, Ch. Magallon, Beauchamp, Belletête, Raige], par JJ. Marcel, Paris, H. Dupuy impr., 1834.
# Poet Saint

Poet Saint may refer to:
* Sant Mat, one of the group of teachers of the Indian subcontinent beginning in the 13th century
** The Contemporary Sant Mat movements claiming connection to Sant Mat
* Du Fu, Chinese poet during the Tang dynasty
* Milarepa, a Tibetan Buddhist
There are several poet theologians of 4th to 6th century Syriac literature
# Dusky toadlet

The dusky toadlet (Uperoleia fusca) is a species of Australian ground-dwelling frog that inhabits coastal areas from just north of Sydney, New South Wales to mid-northern Queensland.

## Description

The dusky toadlet reaches 30 mm (1.2 in) in length. It can be dark brown or grey-brown with lighter brown variegations or uniform dark brown on the dorsal surface, which is slightly rough and warty. There is normally a pale triangle shape on the head, starting from the eyes. There is a pale yellow patch in the armpit. It has moderate-sized parotoid glands. The ventral surface is white with a fair amount of dark blue/black speckling. There is an orange patch on the thighs. The flanks of this species are normally bluish in colour, giving it a dusky appearance.
This species is very similar to the smooth toadlet, (Uperoleia laevigata) and differences between the two are discussed on that page.

## Ecology and behaviour

This species inhabits coastal forest, bushland, heathland, and wet or dry sclerophyll forest. Frogs call during spring and summer, normally from dams, swamps, roadside ditches, or flooded grassland areas. The call of this species is similar to other Uperoleia species, as it is an "arrk" noise. Males call from the bases of grass clumps close to the water's edge.