OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anoplognathus prasinus

Anoplognathus prasinus, commonly known as the green Christmas beetle, is a beetle of the family Scarabaeidae native to eastern Australia.
The green Christmas beetle was described by Francis de Laporte de Castelnau in 1840 as Paranonca prasina. It was transferred to the genus Anoplognathus in 1873 by Lansberge.
The species is apple green overall, with red-yellow translucent edging to its head, clypeofrontal suture and pronotum. The abdomen is a brown-green colour, the coxae and legs are a yellow-green and tarsi red-brown. The adult male is 18–20 mm long while the female is 21–22 mm long.
# Glucono-δ-lactone

Glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), also known as gluconolactone, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH)$_3$(HOCH$_2$CH)CO$_2$. A colorless solid, it is an oxidized derivative of glucose.
It is typically produced by the aerobic oxidation of glucose in the presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase. The conversion cogenerates hydrogen peroxide, which is often the key product of the enzyme:
    C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$ + O$_2$ → C$_6$H$_{10}$O$_6$ + H$_2$O$_2$
Gluconolactone spontaneously hydrolyzes to gluconic acid:
    C$_6$H$_{10}$O$_6$ + H$_2$O → C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_7$

## Applications

Gluconolactone is a food additive with the E-number E575 used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. It is a lactone of D-gluconic acid. Pure GDL is a white odorless crystalline powder.
GDL has been marketed for use in feta cheese. GDL is pH-neutral, but hydrolyses in water to gluconic acid which is acidic, adding a tangy taste to foods, though it has roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid. It is metabolized to 6-phospho-D-gluconate; one gram of GDL yields roughly the same amount of metabolic energy as one gram of sugar.
Upon addition to water, GDL is partially hydrolysed to gluconic acid, with the balance between the lactone form and the acid form established as a chemical equilibrium. The rate of hydrolysis of GDL is increased by heat and high pH.
The yeast Maudiozyma bulderi can be used to ferment gluconolactone to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The pH value greatly affects culture growth. Gluconolactone at 1 or 2% in a mineral media solution causes the pH to drop below 3.
It is also a complete inhibitor of the enzyme amygdalin beta-glucosidase at concentrations of 1 mM.
# Pseudopachychaeta

Pseudopachychaeta is a genus of grass flies in the family Chloropidae. There is at least one described species in Pseudopachychaeta, P. approximatonervis.
# Public Health Service Regular Corps Ribbon

The Public Health Service Regular Corps Ribbon is a decoration of the United States Public Health Service presented to members of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. It recognizes membership in the Regular Corps of the USPHS Commissioned Corps.

## Background

On 23 March 2010, the Reserve Corps of the USPHS Commissioned Corps was abolished and all of its officers became members of the Regular Corps of the USPHS Commissioned Corps as of that date. The Ready Reserve Corps of the USPHS Commissioned Corps was created on the same date, replacing the Reserve Corps.

## Criteria

The PHS Regular Corps Ribbon recognizes an officer's membership in the Regular Corps. An officer is awarded the Regular Corps Ribbon if he or she:
* was assimilated into the Regular Corps prior to 23 March 2010; or
* was on active duty on 23 March 2010; or
* is a Regular Corps officer called to active duty after 23 March 2010 who has successfully completed the USPHS Commissioned Corps Officer Basic Course.
# Arthur Klamt

Arthur Klamt was an Austrian luger who competed in the early 1910s. He won a bronze medal in the men's doubles event at the inaugural European championships of 1914 in Reichenberg, Bohemia (now Liberec, Czech Republic).
# Arnama Lalpur

Arnama Lalpur is a village development committee in Siraha District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 6841 people living in 1255 individual households.
# Fatehgarh Fort

Fatehgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India derives its name from an old fort. Fatehgarh remained a military station of considerable importance, and in 1802, it became the headquarters of the Governor General's Agent for the ceded provinces. In 1818, a gun carriage factory was established here.
* This Farrukhabad district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Eastington, Devon

Eastington is a hamlet in the English county of Devon.
Eastington is about one mile east of the village of Lapford.
The hamlet comprises a dairy farm and a racing stables as well as several private residences grouped around the crossroads of Eastington Hill and Cobley Lane at Eastington Cross.
It is connected to Barnstaple by the 325 bus service.
# Pope Benjamin of Alexandria

Pope Benjamin of Alexandria may refer to:
* Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria, ruled in 623–661
* Pope Benjamin II of Alexandria, ruled in 1327–1339
# BIV

BIV may refer to:
* Bovine immunodeficiency virus, a cattle virus similar to HIV
* Brain in a vat, a scenario for thought experiments
* Business in Vancouver, weekly news journal
# Pterostyrax psilophyllus

Pterostyrax psilophyllus is a species of flowering plant in the family Styracaceae. It is endemic to central China. It is threatened by habitat loss.
It is a deciduous small tree growing to 15 m (50 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 45 cm (18 in) diameter. The leaves are alternate, simple, 4–15 cm (2–6 in) long and 5–9 cm (2–4 in) broad, oblong-elliptic, densely hairy on the underside, and with a coarsely serrated margin and a 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) petiole. The flowers are white, 12–14 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, produced on panicles 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long.
# Art Directors Guild Awards 1996

1st ADG Awards
1997
Feature Film:
The English Patient
The 1st Art Directors Guild Excellence in Production Design Awards, honoring the best production designers in film, television and media of 1996, were held in 1997.

## Winners and nominees
### Film

* Excellence in Production Design Award – Feature Film
* The English Patient – Stuart Craig, Aurelio Crugnola
* The Birdcage – Bo Welch, Tom Duffield, John Dexter
* The Crucible – Lilly Kilvert, John Warnke
* Hamlet – Tim Harvey, Desmond Crowe
* Mars Attacks! – Wynn Thomas, James Hegedus, John Dexter, Jann K. Engel, Richard Fernandez

### Television

* Excellence in Production Design Award – Television
* Star Trek: Deep Space Nine – Herman F. Zimmerman, Randall McIlvain
* Frasier – Roy Christopher, Wendell Johnson
* Mrs. Santa Claus – Hub Braden, Mary Dodson
* NYPD Blue – Richard C. Hankins, Alan E. Muraoka, Lauren Crasco
* The Summer of Ben Tyler – Jan Scott, Tim Eckel

### Special Achievement Award

* Gene Allen

### Distinguished Career Award

* Allen Daviau

### Lifetime Achievement Award

* Robert F. Boyle
# El Parral

El Parral is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 121 inhabitants.
# Rhytiphora argentata

Rhytiphora argentata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938. It is known from Australia.
# 2005 Hastings Direct International Championships – Doubles

Alicia Molik and Magüi Serna were the defending champions but only Molik competed that year with Bryanne Stewart.
Molik and Stewart lost in the first round to Antonella Serra Zanetti and Abigail Spears.
Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs won in the final 6–3, 7–5 against Elena Likhovtseva and Vera Zvonareva.

## Seeds

Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
* Cara Black / Liezel Huber (semifinals)
* Lisa Raymond / Rennae Stubbs (champions)
* Elena Likhovtseva / Vera Zvonareva (final)
* Alicia Molik / Bryanne Stewart (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | C Black L Huber | 6 | 2 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Craybas M Weingärtner | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | C Black L Huber | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Maleeva A Myskina | 2 | 4 | | | K Srebotnik T Tanasugarn | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Srebotnik T Tanasugarn | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 1 | C Black L Huber | 3 | 6 | 2 | | | | |
| 3 | E Likhovtseva V Zvonareva | 6 | 2 | 6 | | | | | | 3 | E Likhovtseva V Zvonareva | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | |
| WC | N Dechy A Mauresmo | 2 | 6 | 1 | 3 | E Likhovtseva V Zvonareva | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Gagliardi R Vinci | 7$^8$ | 4 | 7$^8$ | | E Gagliardi R Vinci | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Martínez S Sfar | 6$^6$ | 6 | 6$^6$ | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | Elena Likhovtseva Vera Zvonareva | 3 | 5 |
| | E Daniilidou N Pratt | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs | 6 | 7 |
| | D Hantuchová A Sugiyama | 6 | 6 | | | D Hantuchová A Sugiyama | 7$^7$ | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | | | |
| Q | A Serra Zanetti A Spears | 7$^7$ | 6 | | Q | A Serra Zanetti A Spears | 6$^1$ | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | A Molik B Stewart | 6$^4$ | 2 | | | | | | | Q | A Serra Zanetti A Spears | 3 | 4 | | | | | |
| | T Perebiynis M Vento-Kabchi | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | 2 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| WC | E Baltacha J O'Donoghue | 6$^2$ | 4 | | | T Perebiynis M Vento-Kabchi | 0 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Bartoli M Washington | 3 | 5 | | 2 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | L Raymond R Stubbs | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Adrian Grant Duff

Lieutenant Colonel Adrian Grant Duff, C.B. (29 September 1869 – 14 September 1914), was a British officer and administrator. He was responsible for creating the "War Book", the British Army's plan to deploy to the European continent, and commanded the 1st Battalion the Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) during the opening months of World War I.

## Life

Born in London on 29 September 1869, he was the third son of Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff and his wife Anna Julia Webster. He was educated at Wellington College and the Royal Military College (Sandhurst), commissioning into the 2nd Battalion the Black Watch in 1889.
Grant Duff served in peacetime roles around the British Empire. He rejected a plan to transfer to the British South Africa Police, based on advice from Robert Henry Meade. He saw action during the Tirah Campaign and the Second Anglo-Boer War, before being seconded to the War Office in 1905 as staff captain. He became Assistant Secretary to the Committee of Imperial Defence there in 1910.
At the War Office Grant Duff wrote Coordination of Departmental Action on the Occurrence of Strained Relations and on the Outbreak of War, commonly known as the "War Book", which highlighted flaws in the British Government's preparations for a European War, and formed the basis for the British Expeditionary Force's plan to deploy to France and Belgium in 1914. He was much more impressed with the naval officer George Alexander Ballard than his superior Ernest Troubridge of the War Staff. Grant Duff was conservative, and held a low opinion of politicians in general, and the government handling of the Curragh incident in particular, as political interference in a military matter.
In 1913 Grant Duff returned to the 1st Battalion the Black Watch and commanded the battalion in France and Belgium throughout the Retreat from Mons and the Battle of the Marne, before being killed in action at the Battle of the Aisne on 14 September 1914. He was buried in Moulins.

## Family

Grant Duff married in 1906 Ursula Lubbock (born 1885), daughter of John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury. They had a son and three daughters.
# Ards

Ards (or ARDS, ARDs) may refer to:

## Medical

* ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome
* ARDs, age-related diseases

## Places

* Ards Peninsula, Northern Ireland
** Ards (territory), several historical territorial divisions on the Ards Peninsula
*** Ards Lower, a barony in Northern Ireland
*** Ards Upper, a barony in Northern Ireland
** Ards and North Down, current administrative district on the Ards Peninsula
*** Ards (borough), former administrative district
*** Ards (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency), former constituency
** Ards Forest Park, a nature reserve in County Donegal, Ireland
** Newtownards, a town in Northern Ireland, nicknamed "Ards"

## Organizations

* Ards Community Hospital, a health facility in Newtownards, Northern Ireland
* Ards F.C., a Northern Irish football club from Newtownards
* Ards RFC, a Northern Irish rugby football club from Newtownards

## Other uses

* Advanced Remote Display Station, an early computer terminal
* Ards Circuit, a motor racing circuit in Northern Ireland
# Aproaerema mercedella

Aproaerema mercedella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found on the Canary Islands.
The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are blackish, with pale yellow patches and lines. The hindwings are leaden grey.
# Pterostyrax hispidus

Pterostyrax hispidus, the epaulette tree or fragrant epaulette tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Styracaceae, native to China and Japan. Growing to 15 m (49 ft) tall by 12 m (39 ft) broad, it is a substantial, spreading, deciduous shrub with oval leaves up to 20 cm (8 in) long, and clusters of pure white, fragrant, pendent flowers in summer.
The Latin specific epithet hispidus (often given incorrectly as hispida or hispidum) refers to the small ribbed fruits which are covered in bristles. The common name "epaulette tree" refers to the fringed individual flowers.
In cultivation the plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Rhytiphora argenteolateralis

Rhytiphora argenteolateralis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by McKeown in 1948.
# Popůvky (Brno-Country District)

Popůvky is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,800 inhabitants.

## Transport

The D1 motorway from Prague to Brno runs through the municipality.
# Gilles Couturier

Rear-Admiral Joseph Pierre Gilles Couturier CMM CD is a Royal Canadian Navy officer.
He joined the navy in 1983. He served as Commanding officer of HMCS Fredericton from 2005 to 2007. Following this assignment, he was posted to Ottawa as an executive assistant to the Chief of the Defence Staff. After the tour in Ottawa, he was appointed commander of Maritime Operations Group Four.
He assumed command of Maritime Forces Pacific/Joint Task Force Pacific on 14 July 2015. In January 2016 it was announced that he would be appointed Deputy Commander of the Navy.
He was invested as an officer of the Order of Military Merit in 2012 and promoted to commander of the order in 2017.
In 2018, he joined Levio Consulting, a Canadian IT and Business consulting firm as its Chief Operating Officer (COO).
In 2020 he joined Federal Fleet Services as Chief Executive Officer (CEO).

## Awards and decorations

Couturier's personal awards and decorations include the following:
| Description | Notes |
| Order of Military Merit (CMM) | Appointed Commander (CMM) on 22 September 2016 Appointed Officer (OMM) on 23 September 2011 |
| Operational Service Medal (Canada) | Awarded for service in expedition missions |
| Special Service Medal | with NATO-OTAN Clasp |
| Canadian Forces' Decoration (CD) | with two Clasp for 32 years of services |
| Legion of Merit | Decoration awarded on 28 February 2015 Officer level |
CDS Commendation
Command Commendation
# Reinhold Ferdinand Sahlberg

Reinhold Ferdinand Sahlberg (23 December 1811, Åbo – 18 March 1874, Yläne) was a Finnish naturalist notably specialising in entomology.
He was the son of the entomologist and botanist Carl Reinhold Sahlberg (1774–1860) and the father of the entomologist and explorer Johan Reinhold Sahlberg (1845–1920).
In 1827 Reinhold Sahlberg entered, at the age of sixteen, the Imperial Alexander University in Finland where his father taught. He received his magister in 1836 and his title of doctor of medicine in 1840.
Between 1839 and 1843, he participated as a naturalist in a circumnavigation to Brazil, Chile and then to Sitka in Alaska which returned by Siberia.
Between 1845 and 1852, Reinhold Sahlberg worked as assistant of zoology and botany at the University of Helsingfors (Helsingfors Universitet – Swedish for Helsinki). In 1849–1851 he returned to Brazil.
The rich collections made by Sahlberg lie today in the Finnish Museum of Natural History and the Swedish Museum of Natural History.

## Works

* Sahlberg, R. F. 1834: Dissertatio academica. Novas Coleopterorum Fennicorum species sistens. Helsingforsiae, Typis Frenckelliorum 1–12
* Sahlberg, R. F. 1834 Novae Coleopterorum Fennicorum species. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Moscou 7: 267–280
* Sahlberg, R. F. 1844 In Faunam Insectorum Rossicam symbola, novas ad Ochotsk lectas Carabicorum species continens, quam, venia amplissime facultatis philosophicae ad Universitatem Imperialem Alexandream in Fennia, Resp. Josepho Benjamino von Pfaler, ... In Auditorio Philos. die VII Decembris MDCCCXLIV. Helsingforsae, ex officina Typographica Frenckelliana 1-154+[1] p.
* Sahlberg, R. F. 1844–1847 Coleoptera diebus XV – XXVII decembris anni MDCCCXXXIX ad Rio Janeiro lecta. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, Helsingforsae 2 (1, 2)
* Sahlberg, R. F. 1844 In Faunam Insectorum Rossicam symbola, novas ad Ochotsk lectas Carabicorum species sistens. (Diss. inaug.). Resp. J. B. von Pfaler. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, Helsingforsae
* Sahlberg, R. F. 1847 Coleoptera diebus XV – XXVII decembris anni MDCCCXXXIX ad Rio Janeiro lecta. (Continuatio). Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, Helsingforsae – 2 (2) 787–805
* Sahlberg, R. F. 1844 Monographia Geocorisarum Fenniae quam Venia Amplissimae Facultatis Philosophicae ad Universitatem Imperialem Alexandream in Fennia
# Psamateia

Psamateia is an extinct genus of moths within the family Eolepidopterigidae, containing one species, Psamateia calipsa, which is known from the Crato Formation in Brazil.
# Apteromantis aptera

Apteromantis aptera is a species of praying mantis endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. It was first described by José María Hugo de la Fuente Morales in 1894. It was previously considered to be endangered by the IUCN, but has been downgraded to least concern, as the populations are rising and they are spreading to new habitats in south-central Spain and southern Portugal.
This species may be brown, grey or green in colour. They can be distinguished from other mantids by the very angular eyes that taper to (upward and outwards facing) points. The nymphs hide low down in grasses and jump with agility, making them difficult to tell apart from small grasshoppers.
# Pterotaea albescens

Pterotaea albescens is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in California and Oregon.
# 40 The Green, Southgate

40 The Green is a grade II listed building on The Green, Southgate, London. The house dates from the early nineteenth century with later alterations. It bears a local blue plaque that reads, "In 1881 this house became the first seat of local government in Southgate", referring to the separation of Southgate from Edmonton in that year.
# Arocha

Arocha is a genus of spiders in the family Mimetidae. It was first described in 1893 by Simon. As of 2016, it contains 2 species found in Peru and Brazil.
# Barwon River

Barwon River may refer to:
* Barwon River (New South Wales), Australia
* Barwon River (Victoria), Australia
# Dörte von Westernhagen

Dörte von Westernhagen (born 5 August 1943) is a German writer who wrote a book about her father, Heinz von Westernhagen, an SS functionary and Waffen-SS commander of the Nazi era.
Westernhagen was born in Perleberg, now in Prignitz, in 1943. She is descended from a Prussian Junker family, the Westernhagen, and daughter of Heinz von Westernhagen. She studied in Berlin, and earned a doctorate of law. She worked in the administration of Baden-Württemberg, until she decided to write her own story. Her book "Kinder der Täter" (The Perpetrators' Children) made quite a round in Germany when it was published in 1987. The book was immediately recognized as one of the first attempts to get the Nazi children out of their parents' shadow.
Westernhagen starts her narrative with her own childhood. Then her father takes over. Her father was a colonel in the Leibstandarte. He was shot through his head in Hungary in her first year. The book is about his daughter's sorrow. In the small-typed appendix she returns to her own childhood memories and those of other German NS-children. The importance of Westernhagen's work lies in the fact that she was the first European NS-child to discuss her father both as a personally brave man and a war criminal.
# Gilles Côté (bishop)

Gilles Côté (born 24 November 1945 in Vanier, Ottawa) is a Canadian clergyman and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the bishop for the Diocese of Daru-Kiunga. He was appointed bishop in 1999. He retired in 2021.
# El Castellvell

Castellvell or El Castellvell is a locality located in the municipality of Olius, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 37.

## Geography

Castellvell is located 111km east-northeast of Lleida.
# Fred Mackey

Frederick C. "Fritz" Mackey (April 30, 1904 – July 2, 1987) was an American college football and college baseball player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Butler University from 1932 to 1934, compiling a record of 10–11–2. Mackey was also the head baseball coach at Ohio Wesleyan University from 1930 to 1932, and at his alma mater, Ohio State University, from 1939 to 1944, tallying a career college baseball coaching mark of 99–75.
Mackey played football and baseball at Ohio State, before graduating in 1926. He was also an assistant football coach at Ohio State from 1935 to 1944 and a member of the staff for the national championship-winning 1942 Ohio State Buckeyes football team. After leaving coaching, Mackey worked for an actuary firm. He retired around 1970 to Sun City, Arizona, where he died in July 1987.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Butler Bulldogs (Missouri Valley Conference) (1932–1933) ||||||
| 1932 | Butler | 2–4–1 | 0–0–1 | 3rd |
| 1933 | Butler | 2–6 | 0–2 | 5th |
| Butler Bulldogs (Indiana Intercollegiate Conference) (1934) ||||||
| 1934 | Butler | 6–1–1 | 6–0–1 | 1st |
| Butler: | Butler: | 10–11–2 | 6–2–2 | |
| Total: | Total: | 10–11–2 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Batob

Batob is a village in Baghlan Province in north eastern Afghanistan.
# Postal orders of Gibraltar

Postal orders are currently issued in Gibraltar by the Royal Gibraltar Post Office.
In accordance with the Postal Order Regulations of 1961, postal orders may be issued for the following sums:
* The sum of 50 pence; and
* The sum of one pound and any multiple of one pound up to ten pounds
The value of a postal order may be increased by affixing postage stamps not exceeding two in number and not exceeding a total of 49 pence or the equivalent in coinage of the country in which the order is issued. Any such stamp may either be a stamp authorized or required to be used for the purpose of the post office or, if the postal administration of the country in which the order is issued so allows, a current stamp for denoting a rate of postage of that country, but no other stamps may be used.
A charge for poundage is applied according to the rates applicable when the order is issued.