# Fordham Francis Index

The Fordham Francis Index (Full Name: Fordham University's Pope Francis Global Poverty Index) is a multidimensional measure of international poverty. It is a simple tool that relies on seven primary indicators which are categorized into a Material Well-being Index and a Spiritual Well-being Index. It was launched on September 23, 2016 at a Fordham conference entitled Pope Francis' Call for Escaping Poverty co-sponsored by the Vatican Foundation Centesimus Annus Pro Pontifice. The research was conducted by students from Fordham's Graduate Program in International Political Economy and Development(IPED), under the research direction of Dr. Henry Schwalbenberg. The Fordham Francis Index is a response to the Pope's Address to the United Nations in New York last September 25, 2015.

## Origin

Pope Francis’ Address to the United Nations was part of his apostolic journey to Cuba, the United States of America and to the United Nations Organization Headquarters on the occasion of his participation at the Eighth World Meeting of Families in Philadelphia from 19 to 28 September 2015.
In his speech at the UN, he stated that:
   “the simplest and best measure and indicator of the implementation of the new Agenda for Development will be effective, practical and immediate access, on the part of all, to essential material and spiritual goods: housing, dignified and properly remunerated employment, adequate food and drinking water; religious freedom and, more generally, spiritual freedom and education. These pillars of integral human development have a common foundation, which is the right to life and, more generally, what we could call the right to existence of human nature itself.”

## Fordham Francis Index Construction

The Fordham Francis Index is a broad measure of global poverty - it is based on a small number of indicators that are strongly correlated with many aspects of development and can therefore serve as a proxy for overall success in achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. It is also an innovative measure of human well-being since it explicitly attempts to measure spiritual welfare.
Selection of these well-being indicators took into consideration availability of data for many countries, credibility of the data source, and the breadth of its measure. These 7 primary indicators are categorized into two areas: Material Well-being and Spiritual Well-being.

### Spiritual Well-being Components
## Methodology

The approach to computing the Fordham Francis Index is identical to the methodology employed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in their calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI). Using the same methodology means that any differences between the two indices are solely attributed to substantive differences in their components. The Fordham Francis Index is an equally weighted geometric mean of Material Index and Spiritual Index.
The Material Index and Spiritual Index are also equally weighted geometric means of the standardized value of their primary indicators. To achieve this, the primary indicators were transformed into standardized formula so that they each yielded indices with values between 0 and 1. Measures of food, employment and religious freedom were inverted so that for all seven measures a higher number would represent a more desirable outcome.
$PrimaryIndicatorScore={\frac {(Actualvalue-MinimumTheoreticalValueofStatistic)}{(MaximumValueofStatistic-MinimumTheoreticalValueofStatistic)}}$

## Report

For details and results, refer to the IPED Publication of the report: Fordham Francis Index