OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alentejan Portuguese

Alentejan Portuguese is a dialect of Portuguese spoken in the Portuguese region of Alentejo. It is also spoken, with its own subdialect, in the disputed municipalities of Olivença and Táliga. In this area, the language is currently endangered.

## Characteristics

* Presence of the article before the possessive pronoun, as in Ladino
* The regular use of the gerund in the present tense.
* A shift of ou to oi: oitro for outro
* Paragoge with i added to the end of verbs in the infinitive of verbs: fazeri for fazer
* The diphthong ei is replaced by e: galinhero for galinheiro

## Present situation in Olivença and Táliga

The 2005 report of the Council of Europe's expert group on the implementation of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Spain asked the Spanish government to furnish information about the situation of Oliventine Portuguese, and for measures for the protection and promotion of that language under the provisions of Article 7 of the charter. However, in the report submitted by Spain in 2006, there are no references to Oliventine Portuguese.
In the 2008 report issued by the Council of Europe, the following paragraphs were listed:
   48. The Expert Committee has received no information on the use of Portuguese in Extremadura, particularly in Olivença.
   49. According to information gathered during the site visit, the Portuguese language (the Oliventina) is traditionally spoken in Olivença and Táliga since the 13th century. However, the information received on the current use of this language is inconclusive, but indicates that Portuguese is taught as a foreign language in the education field.
   50. The Expert Committee can not assess the situation of Portuguese in Extremadura, and urges the authorities to clarify this issue in the next cycle of monitoring, particularly in cooperation with the association "Além Guadiana", recently established to promote the Portuguese language.
# Alentejana

The Alentejana is a cattle breed from Portugal that was the main breed raised for meat in Southern Portugal historically. The Alentejana breed has the protected geographical status of DOC (Denominação de Origem Controlada) from the European Commission. Genetics show that it contains DNA from Africa that may have arrived during the era the region was under Muslim control. It is closely related to the Spanish Retinta breed.
The breed region is circumscribed almost exclusively to the Southern Portuguese Region of Alentejo, in both, High and Low Alentejo.
The race is represented by rustic, energetic and gentle animals that in the recent past were used to work.
# FRF

FRF may refer to:

## Places

* Fairfield railway station (Greater Manchester), in England
* Rhein-Main Air Base (FRF is its OACI airport codename) a former United States airbase in Germany, near Frankfurt.
* ISO 3166-2:FR-F (Centre-Val de Loire)

## People

* Faculty research fellow

## Groups and organizations

* Romanian Football Federation (Romanian: Federaţia Română de Fotbal)
* Foundation for Religious Freedom, the entity controlling the New Cult Awareness Network
* Free Russia Forum, a conference of the Russian opposition

## Science and technology

* Francium fluoride (FrF), a hypothetical fluoride of the highly radioactive element francium
* Frequency response function
* Frequency reuse factor

## Other

* French franc (French: Franc Français), the currency of France in use before the Euro
* Fuji Rock Festival, in Niigata Prefecture, Japan
# FAM57B

Protein FAM57B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM57B gene.
# Peter Cadogan

Peter Cadogan (26 January 1921 – 18 November 2007) was an English writer and political activist.

## Life

Cadogan was born in Whitley Bay on 26 January 1921. He attended The King's School, Tynemouth during the 1930s, before studying history at King's College, Durham. Cadogan first gained employment with an insurance company. In 1941, he joined the Royal Air Force Air Sea Rescue and served until 1946. On his demobilisation, he became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain. He became a teacher in Northampton and Cambridge following his 1949 marriage to Joyce Stones, the daughter of Labour MP William Stones.
When Cadogan was ousted from the Communist Party in 1956, he became a member of the Labour Party. Whilst in Labour, Cadogan was part of the first Socialist Labour League (SLL) conference in 1959. After being removed from the Labour Party and SLL that year, Cadogan became an editor for a Trotskyist magazine called International Socialism in 1960. He also wrote for Socialist Worker.
He was national secretary of the anti-nuclear Committee of 100 in the 1960s. He became an advocate of the breakaway state of Biafra during the Nigerian civil war, starting the Save Biafra Campaign in 1968.
Cadogan was chairman of the South Place Ethical Society from 1970 to 1981. He took the controversial decision, purportedly on the grounds of freedom of speech, to permit both the Paedophile Information Exchange and National Front (NF) to meet at the society's premises. The latter decision faced heavy criticism, including from the local Labour MP Lena Jeger. Following opposition to the NF in Red Lion Square, which had resulted in violent disorder and the death of Kevin Gately, the Anarchist Black Cross criticised the South Place Ethical Society’s superannuated mode of governance, which had given Cadogan unchecked control of Conway Hall, while accusing Cadogan himself of being a police informant, of broader collaboration with the NF, and of being a charlatan who had obtained his position for financial gain rather than a commitment to humanism. During Lord Scarman’s inquiry into the events leading to Gately’s death Cadogan blamed Liberation and the International Marxist Group for the disorder, whilst praising the violent police conduct toward anti-fascist protestors. Following the Battle of Red Lion Square Cadogan forced trustees of the South Place Ethical Society to agree to continue hosting the NF at Conway Hall, only later passing on information about the far-right group to the Attorney General.
He taught the history of ideas in the extramural department of the University of London (later part of Birkbeck College) between 1981 and 1983.
Cadogan was a long-standing member of the Blake Society and served as both its chairman and president.
He wrote a book on direct democracy in 1974 and many pamphlets and articles. He was a founder of New Consensus/New Dialogue in 1990, co-founder of Values and Vision, 1991, and chairman of the London Alliance for Local Democracy from 1998.
# FK Beograd

FK Beograd may refer to:
* FK Beograd (Australia), an Australian soccer team
* FK Beograd (Serbia), a defunct Serbian football team
# Andrzej Rej (starost)

Andrzej Rej (died 1664) was a Polish nobleman. An active Calvinist, he held the title of stolnik of Lublin. From 1659 to 1661 he served as starost of Małogoszcz. He was the great-grandson of the poet Mikołaj Rej.
# Passa Tempo

Passa Tempo is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.
# Francis O'Brien

Francis or Fran O'Brien may refer to:

## Politics

* Francis O'Brien (Canadian politician) (born 1927), Canadian politician and farmer
* Francis O'Brien (Irish politician) (born 1943), Irish Fianna Fáil politician

## Sport

* Francis O'Brien (cricketer) (1911–1991), New Zealand cricketer
* Fran O'Brien (American football) (1936–1999), American National Football League player
* Fran O'Brien (footballer) (born 1955), Irish footballer

## Other

* Francis O'Brien, executive producer of Gallipoli (1981 film)
# Eudorylas unicolor

Eudorylas unicolor is a species of fly in the family Pipunculidae.

## Distribution

Austria, Great Britain, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland.
# Psilalonia

Psilalonia (Greek: Ψηλαλώνια, literally "ψηλά αλώνια", meaning "high threshing floors") is a square and neighbourhood in the central part of the city of Patras, approximately 1 km away from the downtown city center. Psilalonia are confined by Gounaris Street and two other squares, 'Omonoia' and 'Wood Square'.
Psilalonia is one of the city's most visited and bustling places, with the homonymous square linking people from all ages and walks of life. It features palm trees, a playground, a fountain as well as a monument of Germanos III of Old Patras sculpted by Ioannis Kossos as well as a number of restaurants.

## Geography

The area is densely populated with numerous blocks of flats in the narrow nearby roads. Supermarkets, pastry shops and bakeries can easily be found all over the neighbourhood. Its total area covers approximately 5 to 6 km² while the total street length is approximately 30 to 40 km of which 6 to 8 km are main streets and the rest are residential.

## Notable streets

* Gounaris Avenue (named after prime minister Dimitrios Gounaris)
* Erenstrole Street (named after the Delegate of the neutral Swedish Swiss Commission in the Second World War, Hans H Ehrenstråhle)
* Karatza Street (named after greek officer of the Greek People's Liberation Army Kostas Vourderis or Captain Karatzas as he is better known)
* Nikita Street (named after greek officer of the Greek People's Liberation Army Nikolaos Polikratis or Captain Nikitas as he is better known)
* Vassileiou Roufou Street (named after mayor of Patras Vassileios Roufos)
* Smyrnis Street (named after the Byzantine city of İzmir)
* Londou Street (named after military leader and politician Andreas Londos)
* Charalambi Street (named after politician Asimakis Charambis)
* Heilonos Patreos Street (named after ancient Wrestling Olympic Champion Chilon of Patras)
* Elis Street (named after the Greek region of Elis)

## Famous Residents

* Zygmunt Mineyko
# Perchlorate reductase

Perchlorate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions:
    ClO$_4$$^−$ + 2 AH$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ ClO$_2$$^−$ + 2 A + 2 H$_2$O
and
    ClO$_3$$^−$ + AH$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ ClO$_2$$^−$ + A + H$_2$O
Thus, the substrates of this enzyme are a reduced electron acceptor (denoted AH$_2$) and either chlorate or perchlorate, sometimes collectively denoted as (per)chlorate. The products are chlorite, an oxidized electron acceptor (denoted A), and water. It is closely related to the enzyme chlorate reductase, but is distinguished by its ability to reduce both perchlorate and chlorate, whereas chlorate reductase only acts on chlorate. Perchlorate reductase and chlorate reductase are closely related but form genetically distinct clades.
As of February 2023, perchlorate reductase has not been assigned a specific Enzyme Commission number, but along with chlorate reductase (EC 1.97.1.1), it would presumably be a member of the EC 1.97.1.- oxidoreductase subclass. Some databases, including BRENDA, currently combine perchlorate reductase and chlorate reductase listings.

## Structure

Perchlorate reductase is usually encoded as a combination of four genes, denoted pcrABCD. The active subunits are pcrA and pcrB which form a periplasmic dimer similar to the active complex in nitrate reductase. pcrC is a believed to be a c-type cytochrome that connects the AB complex to the membrane and allows for electron shuttling. The function of pcrD is uncertain, but may encode a molybdenum-containing chaperone protein specific to assembling the pcrABC system. All known functional perchlorate reductase enzymes include genetically similar versions of pcrABCD except for the Campylobacterota Arcobacter strain CAB, which lacks a traditional pcrC and appears to have replaced it with an unrelated Campylobacterota cytochrome.
All characterized organisms that encode perchlorate reductase also have the enzyme chlorite dismutase, which reduces the chlorite produced by perchlorate reductase, and prevents this reactive compound from accumulating to toxic levels. The pcrABCD and chlorite dismutase gene are typically located together in the bacterial genome.
# David Trottier

David Trottier is an American screenwriter, consultant, author and educator. He's best known for his screenwriting guide, The Screenwriter's Bible.

## Career

Trottier graduated with an M.A. from Goddard College, as well as the Hollywood Scriptwriting Institute and the Hollywood Film Institute.
After doing some minor rewrites on Zorro the Gay Blade, Trottier sold his first spec, The Secret of Question Mark Cave to Disney. Trottier would sell projects to Jim Henson Pictures, York Entertainment, On the Bus Productions, ABC and New Century Pictures. These include Igor's Revenge, The Muppet's Hockey Movie—The Comeback Kids (not completed due to Henson's death), Ratman From Saturn, Kumquat, The New Musketeers, and A Window in Time. He also co-wrote and co-produced Hercules Recycled.

## Publications

* The Screenwriter's Bible: A Complete Guide to Writing, Formatting, and Selling Your Script. Clear Stream Inc Publishing. 1994. ISBN 9781885655035.
* Dr. Format Tells All: Everything you need to format your screenplay (4th ed.). Applewood Arts. 2019. ISBN 9781885655141.
# Pedro Vuskovic

Pedro Vuskovic Bravo (February 25, 1924 – May 10, 1993) was a Chilean economist of Croatian descent, political figure, minister and author of the economic plan implemented by Salvador Allende during his government called the Vuskovic plan. His economic policies were used by economists Rudi Dornbusch and Sebastian Edwards to coin the term macroeconomic populism.

## Life

Pedro Vuskovic was born in Antofagasta, and obtained a degree in business administration from the Universidad de Chile. He became a professor of Statistics at the same university, while at the same time working for the CEPAL (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean).
Vuskovic joined the ECLAC/FAO in 1950, shortly after its birth as an institution. For nearly 20 years he worked there, with his career in ECLAC culminating in the position of Director of the Development Division, where he played a role in structuring and disseminating the thinking of ECLAC. Concurrently, he served as a professor in ECLAC and ILPES training programmes while at the same time teaching classes at the schools of economics and sociology at the University of Chile and the School of Economics at the University of Concepción, finally becoming the Director of the Institute of Economics of the University of Chile.
He was the author of the economic platform of the Popular Unity (UP) campaign, and on November 3, 1970, he was named Minister of Economic Affairs by President Salvador Allende. He became the key figure in the economic policy of the UP government, and tried to implement a massive redistribution of revenue (see Vuskovic plan) by raising salaries and increasing public expenditure, through which he believed that the buying power of the population would increase and accordingly consumption in general.
He remained as a minister until June 17, 1972, when political pressure forced President Allende to halt his economic plans and replace him in the cabinet. Vuskovic then took over the cabinet-level position of Executive Vice President of the Production Development Corporation (CORFO), where he served until September 1973. After the Chilean Coup of 1973, he was exiled to Mexico.
There he became a professor, first at the Economic Research and Teaching Centre (CIDE), where he directed the Institute of Economic Studies of Latin America, and later at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in the Humanities at the National University of Mexico (UNAM), where he was named to the position of Coordinator for a programme on poverty and development options in various countries of Latin America.
After the return to democracy in 1990, he returned to Chile for a short while but moved back to Mexico where he lived his last years and died in 1993.
# Deproteination

Deproteination is the process of eliminating protein from some live materials. This procedure is particularly common in studies on the inorganic part of bone, teeth and shells.
Several different methods can be used for deproteination, such as the method that uses hydrazine, the method that uses NaOH and the method that uses enzymes.
# Peksimet, Bodrum

Peksimet is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Bodrum, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,575 (2022). It is an inland village on the Bodrum Peninsula. It is 7 km from Turgutreis. Its neighbour village is Dereköy [tr].
It is easy to drive through Peksimet without realizing it, but every driver can recognize the location of this village, thanks to a group of windmills on the hill.

## History

Peksimet is also the Turkish word for twice-baked bread (similar to a hard rusk), and Peksimet got its name because the villagers supplied this bread to Turkish soldiers during the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), and the locals became known for its baking.
# 1980 ABN World Tennis Tournament

The 1980 ABN World Tennis Tournament was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at Rotterdam Ahoy in the Netherlands. It was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix circuit. It was the eighth edition of the tournament and was held from 10 March through 16 March 1980. Unseeded Heinz Günthardt won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Heinz Günthardt defeated Gene Mayer 6–2, 6–4

### Doubles

Vijay Amritraj / Stan Smith defeated Bill Scanlon / Brian Teacher 6–4, 6–2
# Alexei Semenov

Alexei Semenov may refer to:
* Alexei Semenov (mathematician) (born 1950) is a Russian mathematician
* Alexei Semenov (ice hockey) (born 1981) is a Russian former professional ice hockey defenceman
# Alexei Severinsky

Alexei "Alex" Severinsky is an American engineer immigrated from post-Soviet Russia. He graduated with Master of Science degree from the Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics in 1967 and got his Candidate of Science degree (Ph.D.) in Electrical Engineering from Institute for Precision Measurements in Radioelectronics and Physics in Moscow in 1975. Before the emigration he worked in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Severinsky emigrated from the Soviet Union to the United States in 1978.
Severinsky is the inventor of the Hyperdrive power-amplified internal combustion engine power train. He patented this invention in 1994. The system is used in hybrid cars, in particular in the Toyota Prius. Severinsky is the founder and Chairman Emeritus of Paice, which licenses the Hyperdrive to hybrid vehicle manufacturers. On August 16, 2006, a U.S. federal judge required Toyota to pay Alex Severinsky $25 for every Prius II, Highlander Hybrid and Lexus RX400h hybrid sold in the United States. On 21 July 2010 Severinsky and Toyota agreed on a settlement.
Severinsky is also the inventor of the Fuelcor technology - a patented technology for recycling carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions into usable fuel products. Fuelcor's technology is marketed by Fuelcor International, LLC, a Virginia-based intellectual property development and management company, which was founded after Severinsky resigned as CEO of Paice in 2006.
Severinsky holds 30 patents in the United States with numerous patent filings in countries worldwide. Severinsky is a Senior Member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
# Peperomia yeracuiana

Peperomia yeracuiana is a species of plant in the family Piperaceae. It was probably discovered in 1950 or 1939, the exact date is unknown. The plant is endemic to Colombia, where it grows at the elevation of 200–275 metres (656–902 ft) in Chocó.
# Alcidion inornatum

Alcidion inornatum is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was described by Monne and Monne in 2007, and is known from Colombia.
# 1982 Giro del Trentino

The 1982 Giro del Trentino was the sixth edition of the Tour of the Alps cycle race and was held on 4 May to 6 May 1982. The race started in Arco and finished in Trento. The race was won by Giuseppe Saronni.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Giuseppe Saronni (ITA) | 15h 30' 23" |
| 2 | Francesco Moser (ITA) | + 0" |
| 3 | Gianbattista Baronchelli (ITA) | + 0" |
| 4 | Moreno Argentin (ITA) | + 0" |
| 5 | Alessandro Paganessi (ITA) | + 0" |
| 6 | Franco Chioccioli (ITA) | + 0" |
| 7 | Fabrizio Verza [it] (ITA) | + 0" |
| 8 | Wladimiro Panizza (ITA) | + 2" |
| 9 | Roberto Visentini (ITA) | + 2" |
| 10 | Franco Conti (ITA) | + 25" |
# Peire de la Mula

Peire (or Pietro) de la Mula (fl. c. 1200) was an Italian troubadour. Of his writings a pair of couplets and one sirventes are all that survive. According to his vida, he was a joglars and trobaire (troubadour) who stayed for a long time in Montferrat, Cortemilia, and the Piedmont at the court of Ottone del Carretto (fl. 1190–1233). This places Peire's activity before 1209, when Ottone lost Cortemilia.
It has been suggested that Peire's surname could be a misreading of de Lamula, as there are several places called Lamula are known, or of da Lama. It may instead be a corruption of de l'Amola, indicating origins in Amola, a town in Frignano. There did exist in the High Middle Ages a locale called Mulum southeast of Mantua and which may be the basis for a "Mula" family name, though evidence for this is lacking in other sources. There was also a poet named only "Mola" who exchanged some verses with Guilhem Raimon. He may be the same individual as Peire de la Mula, but he has also been identified with the joglars Tremoleta.
One of Peire's surviving couplets, Ia de razon no.m cal metr'en pantais, can be dated to before 1185 on the basis of a reference to Androin(e), that is, Andronicus I Comnenus, who died that year. It was a screed against the young and rich. Peire's other couplet, Una leig vei d'escuoill, was also an attack on minstrels (joglars), who, at his time, were bringing their "insolence" from across the Alps into the presence of the pros (powerful) of Italy. Peire refers in this work to both Breton (Bretz) and Norman (Normans) minstrels.
Peire's only full-length work to survive, Dels joglars servir mi laisse, is a sirventes joglaresc, a sirventes insulting the minstrels (joglars), whom Peire says are "breeding like leverets". Minstrels (mere performers) are in the business for money, but troubadours (composers), in Peire's view, are honorable. For his sirventes Peire imitated the metre of Raimbaut d'Aurenga's Er quant s'emba.l foill del fraisse. Otherwise, Peire was influenced metrically and rhythmically by the works of Giraut de Bornelh.
# Exophyla rectangularis

Exophyla rectangularis is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Carl Geyer in 1828. It is found in Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Montenegro, Croatia, northern Italy, Mediterranean Turkey, Lebanon, Israel and Turkmenistan.
There is one generation per year in the Middle East. Adults are on wing in early summer.
The larvae feed on Celtis, mostly Celtis australis.
# F89

F89 or F-89 may refer to:
* Aradu (F89), a 1980 Nigerian frigate
* DKW F89, a 1950 compact front wheel drive saloon
* F89 Minimi, an Australian produced version of the FN Minimi light machine gun
* F89 strain, a mupirocin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus
* HMCS Prince David (F89), a 1929 Canadian National Steamships passenger liner
* Royal Navy pennant numbers:
** HMS Battleaxe (F89), a 1977 Type 22 frigate
** HMS Cardiff (F89), a Type 26 frigate
* Northrop F-89 Scorpion, an early American jet-powered fighter
* Reynard F89 from Reynard Motorsport
* Volvo F89, heavy-duty truck from Volvo