OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ada Marra

Ada Marra (born Addolorata Marra, March 10, 1973, Paudex, Switzerland) is a Swiss political figure and a member of the Swiss Socialist Party.

## Early life and education

Marra was born in Paudex of Italian parents from Apulia who migrated to Switzerland in the 1960s. She grew up in Paudex and attended a school in Lausanne, then studied at the University of Lausanne, where she obtained a bachelor's degree in political science in 1996. In the same year, she obtained Swiss citizenship while retaining the Italian nationality of her parents.

## Political career

Marra joined the Swiss Socialist Party in 1997, where she was General Secretary for seven years.
In December 2004, Marra was elected a member of the Grand Council of the Canton of Vaud and three years later, in December 2007, she was elected National Councilor for the Canton of Vaud. She was a member of the Committee of the National Council for Political Institutions and she is member of the Committee for Economics and Taxation
In 2008, Marra introduced a parliamentary initiative asking for a facilitated naturalization for foreigners of the 3rd generation (foreigners born in Switzerland whose parents are born in Switzerland but their grandparents came to Switzerland as migrants) which led to the adoption by the Federal Assembly in 2016 of a decree amending the constitution and submitted to referendum on February 12, 2017. Ada Marra reached an unprecedented victory, thus beating the right-wing oriented UDC with regards to the national identity (UDC's favorite ground).
In addition to her role in parliament, Marra has been serving as a member of the Swiss delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2020. As a member of the Socialist Party, she is part of the Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group. In the Assembly, she serves on the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons (since 2022), the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination (since 2020), the Sub-Committee on Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Human Beings (since 2022) and the Sub-Committee on Gender Equality (since 2020). She is also the Assembly's rapporteur on undocumented persons.

## Volunteering

Marra is involved in several charity associations linked with the struggle against precariousness. She is a member of the Presidium of Caritas Switzerland in connection with the Roman Catholic Church and President of the Mother Sofia Foundation (which was originally linked to the Serbian Orthodox Church but no longer has religious affiliations Today) since June 1, 2011.

## Publications

Tu parles bien français pour une italienne. Illustration Denis Kormann. Georg. Geneva 2017
# Overthrow (cricket)

In cricket, an overthrow (sometimes called a buzzer) is an additional run scored by a batter as a result of the ball not being collected by a fielder in the centre, having been thrown in from the outfield. Overthrows usually occur when a fielder aims unsuccessfully at the stumps in an attempt to run out a batter, although sometimes they are due to handling errors by the fielder receiving the ball.
Runs scored in this manner are counted in addition to any runs already scored before the fielding error took place, and are credited to the batter. If the ball reaches the boundary as a result of an overthrow then the four runs for the boundary are added to the number of completed runs before the overthrow, which can lead to the unusual event of a batter scoring more than six runs off a single ball. It is considered an overthrow run if a ball hits a wicket while the batter is inside the popping crease and then the batter runs.
There have been at least four instances in Test cricket of eight runs being scored off a single ball. The most recent was by Andrew Symonds for Australia against New Zealand at Brisbane in November 2008, when the batters managed to run four runs before the ball was thrown back over the wicket keeper's head for a four-run boundary.
It is possible for the ball to be thrown over more than once from the same ball, leading to even more runs being scored. In theory there is therefore no limit to how many runs may be scored off a single ball.

## Deflections

A throw that deflects off the batsman or bat and goes to the boundary is sometimes also considered an overthrow. A notable incidence of this was in the 2019 Cricket World Cup Final, where six runs were scored off a deflection from Ben Stokes' bat. A similar incident repeated in the first test of the New Zealand tour of England in 2022, with the throw deflecting off Stokes' bat at the same venue (Lord's) and with the ball being bowled by the same bowler, Trent Boult, only the ball not going to the boundary.
# Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II

The Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II is a digital mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera released by Olympus Corporation in December 2016. It replaced the Olympus OM-D E-M1, which was introduced in 2013.

## Features include

* 20 MP Live MOS sensor, manufactured by Sony.
* 5-axis In-Body Image Stabilization
* High resolution mode: With the IBIS pixel shift technology, the camera can take a 50 MP image
* Sensitivity range of ISO 100-25600.
* Dual SD card slots, one with UHS-II support.
* TruePic VIII processor.
* Silent mode: Only uses electronic shutter.
* 121 phase detection auto focus points.
* Movie recording in DCI 4K (4096x2160), UHD 4K (3840x2160) or Full HD (1920x1080).
* 60 fps burst rate in silent mode.
* Micro Four Thirds lens mount.
* No built-in flash
* Weather sealed, magnesium alloy body.
* Electronic viewfinder with a 2,360,000 dots resolution.

## Compared to the predecessor, Olympus OM-D E-M1

The Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II was introduced 3 years after its official predecessor, the regular E-M1. The E-M1 lacks the High Resolution mode, and also the 4K movie recording feature, which the Mark II has. The Mark II only has phase detection AF points, the regular E-M1 has both contrast- and phase detection AF points, but it can only use one type at once. According to Olympus, the Mark II's autofocus is six times faster and also more accurate than its predecessor's. The older model only has one memory card slot, the Mark II has two, and it supports UHS-II also, unlike the E-M1. The Mark II has a slightly larger and differently textured grip.
The E-M1 Mark II won "Camera of the Year" in the Camera Grand Prix 2017.
In January 2019, Olympus announced its new flagship Olympus OM-D E-M1X, which is intended for professional use.
In February 2020, Olympus announced the OM-D E-M1 Mark III, the successor to the E-M1 Mark II.
# 1962 Tour de Romandie

The 1962 Tour de Romandie was the 16th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 10 May to 13 May 1962. The race started and finished in Geneva. The race was won by Guido De Rosso.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Guido De Rosso (ITA) | 22h 33' 53" |
| 2 | Franco Cribiori (ITA) | + 5' 08" |
| 3 | Joseph Novales (FRA) | + 6' 06" |
| 4 | Graziano Battistini (ITA) | + 6' 56" |
| 5 | Willy Schroeders (BEL) | + 7' 01" |
| 6 | Raymond Impanis (BEL) | + 7' 47" |
| 7 | Federico Bahamontes (ESP) | + 7' 51" |
| 8 | Rolf Graf (SUI) | + 7' 55" |
| 9 | Gilbert Bellone (FRA) | + 8' 26" |
| 10 | Henry Anglade (FRA) | + 8' 27" |
# Dichomeris pladarota

Dichomeris pladarota is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in Zimbabwe.
The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are pale ochreous, suffused with pale grey from the base to the subterminal line except towards the anterior half of the costa. The terminal area is suffusedly sprinkled with grey and the costal edge is black near the base. The stigmata are moderate, blackish, the plical rather obliquely before the first discal, the second discal somewhat transverse. There is an indistinct rather irregular slightly bent pale ochreous subterminal line at four-fifths and some indistinct fuscous marginal dots around the posterior part of the costa and termen, united into a line around apex. The hindwings are rather dark grey.
# Corallite

A corallite is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. The inner surface of the corallite is known as the calyx. The vertical blades inside the calyx are known as septa and in some species, these ridges continue outside the corallite wall as costae. Where there is no corallite wall, the blades are known as septocostae. The septa, costae and septocostae may have ornamentation in the form of teeth and may be thick, thin or variable in size. Sometimes there are paliform lobes, in the form of rods or blades, rising from the inner margins of the septa. These may form a neat circle called the paliform crown. The septa do not usually unite in the centre of the corallite, instead they form a columella, a tangled mass of intertwined septa, or a dome-shaped or pillar-like projection. In the living coral, the lower part of the polyp is in intimate contact with the corallite, and has radial mesenteries between the septa which increase the surface area of the body cavity and aid digestion. The septa, palliform lobes and costae can often be seen through the coenosarc, the layer of living tissue that covers the coenosteum, the part of the skeleton between the corallites.
In colonial species, when the corallites each have a surrounding wall, the colony is said to be plocoid. When the walls are tall and tubular, the colony is phaceloid, and when several polyps share a common wall, the colony is cerioid. Sometimes the polyps are in valleys on the surface of solid corals, they are then known as meandroid. Branching corals have two forms of corallites, axial and radial. The axial corallites tend to be shallow and are found near the tips of the branches, while the radial corallites are on the sides of the branches. Corallites can be rounded or polygonal and may be inclined (tilted obliquely to one side).
As long as the colony is alive, the polyps and coenosarc deposit further calcium carbonate under the coenosarc, thus deepening the corallites. Each polyp has a fixed adult size and, when it is beginning to get submerged in the corallite, it secretes a new floor (tabula) beneath itself. Over time, a series of floors builds up below the living polyps, resulting in a thickening and lateral expansion of the coral.
# Donor-specific antibody

Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) are a concept in transplantation medicine and describe the presence of antibodies specific to the Donor's HLA-Molecules. These antibodies can cause antibody-mediated rejection and are therefore considered a contraindication against transplantation in most cases. DSA are a result of B cell and plasma cell activation and bind to HLA and/or non-HLA molecules on the endothelium of the graft. They were first described in 1969 by Patel et al., who found that Transplant recipients who were positively tested for DSA using a complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch assay had a higher risk of transplant rejection. DSA can either be pre-formed (e.g. by pregnancy, prior transplantation or blood transfusion) or can be formed as a response to the transplantion.(De novo DSA)
Almost a third of patients who are waitlisted for transplantation may have a degree of pre-formed DSA. Pre-formed antibodies increase the chances of immunological failure of the allograft by causing positive crossmatches and, thereby, result in the exclusion of donors. For patients with pre-formed DSA, successful transplantation can still be possible by employing strategies such as desensitisation, paired exchange and acceptable mismatching.

## Panel reactive antibody

The degree of cytotoxicity is expressed as percentage PRA (panel reactive antibody). It is a tool that can be employed to approximate the risk of a given recipient of having a positive crossmatch. This is to a likely organ donor taken from a similar population. The limitations of this method are that PRA percent can be different numerically without a corresponding change in the type or amount of antibody. This largely depends on the cell panel used which are commercially produced and may not truly represent the population. HLA frequencies and racial differences need to be factored in but cannot be done. Moreover, significant false positive results can be produced due to non-HLA antibodies, autoantibodies and nonspecific IgM antibodies. Similarly, false negative results are possible as this is purely complement dependent that requires higher antibody titres to be activated. The lack of a complement activation simply due to low titres allows a true antibody to be hidden.

## Cross-match test

Patel and Terasaki in 1969 demonstrated the efficacy of complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic cross-match in defining immunologic risk in renal transplantation. This became the standard method, still used today, for graft allocation. With PRA that identifies several antibodies to a potential cluster of donors, the crossmatch will identify if a recipient had antibodies to a specific donor of interest. It became clear with time that it did not identify all preexisting donor-specific HLA antibodies (HLA-DSA). In recent years, techniques for detection of HLA antibodies have become more sensitive with the introduction of solid-phase assays, including ELISA.
# Otodome Falls

Otodome Falls (音止めの滝, Otodome-no-taki) is a waterfall in Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Prefecture, near Mount Fuji, Japan. This waterfall with a height of 25 meters is part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Another waterfall, the Shiraito Falls is about a five-minute walk away.
The name "Sound Stopping Waterfall" comes from an episode in the Soga Monogatari story of the Kamakura period. When the Soga brothers accompanied Minamoto no Yoritomo on a hunting expedition to the base of Mount Fuji, they plotted to assassinate one of Yoritomo's retainers, Kudō Tsuketsune, who was the murderer of their father. In order to avoid being overheard, they planned their strategy by the roaring waters of this waterfall.
The Otodome Falls is listed as one of "Japan's Top 100 Waterfalls", in a listing published by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment in 1990.
# 1890 Partick by-election

The 1890 Partick by-election was a parliamentary by-election held in Scotland on 11 February 1890 for the British House of Commons constituency of Partick. It was caused by the death of the constituency's sitting Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) Alexander Craig Sellar, who had held the seat since the 1885 general election. He had been elected as a Liberal in 1885, but joined the breakaway Liberal Unionists in 1886, and was re-elected at the election of 1886 as a Liberal Unionist.
General election 1886: Partick :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal Unionist | Alexander Craig Sellar | 3,745 | 56.0 | +7.9 |
| | Liberal | Robert Allan McLean | 2,944 | 44.0 | −7.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 801 | 12.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,689 | 74.8 | −5.5 |
| | Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal | Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal | Swing | +8.4 | |

## Result

The seat was held for the Liberal Unionists by James Parker Smith;
Partick by-election, 1890 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal Unionist | James Parker Smith | 4,148 | 51.4 | −4.6 |
| | Liberal | Charles Tennant | 3,929 | 48.6 | +4.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 219 | 2.8 | −9.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,077 | 85.7 | +10.9 |
| | Liberal Unionist hold | Liberal Unionist hold | Swing | -4.6 | |

## Aftermath

General election 1892: Partick :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal Unionist | James Parker Smith | 5,005 | 53.9 | −2.1 |
| | Liberal | Edward Tennant | 4,278 | 46.1 | +2.1 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 727 | 7.8 | −4.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,283 | 81.1 | +6.3 |
| | Liberal Unionist hold | Liberal Unionist hold | Swing | -2.1 | |
# Dymondia

Dymondia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. There is only one known species, Dymondia margaretae, endemic to the Cape Province region of South Africa.
Dymondia was first discovered and named after Margaret Elizabeth Dryden-Dymond, South African horticulturalist, botanical collector and teacher who worked at Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden (1909-1952).

## Cultivation

* Light: full sun, part shade
* Habit: 2 inches (51 mm) high, spreads to make a carpet like ground cover. Non-invasive, slow-growing.
* Water: very drought tolerant. Regular watering is needed at higher temperatures and for six months after initia planting till plant is established. The deep roots act as water wells providing water to the plant as needed. The Dymondia carpet normally appears green/silver in color, but when roots are depleted and the plant needs water the leaves curl and their silver undersides are exposed to view. Water as needed in the silver colored areas to uncurl the leaves and return to green/silver color.
* Cold hardiness: 20 °F (−7 °C)
* Heat Tolerance: Does best under 100°F or 37°C with adequate watering.
* Origin: Cape Province and coastal plains of South Africa
* Soil: Very sandy – Soil mix of 40% vegetative matter, 30% red lava sand, and 30% river sand. Perlite can be added to the mix as needed and provides faster growing in flats and pots.
Makes a flat, very drought tolerant ground cover and good lawn replacement in dry zones. Takes medium foot traffic and often called living cement. Safe and non-toxic for dogs and pets. Works well as a filler between flagstone, pavers, or stepping stones and other confined areas. Soil retention: Excellent for erosion control on slopes an hills due to the large diameter and deep root system.
# Einar Sundt

Einar Sundt (16 October 1854 – 20 September 1917) was a Norwegian businessman, writer and publisher.
He was born in Christiania to Eilert Sundt and Nicoline Conradine Hansen, and was a cousin of Johan Lauritz Sundt and Karen Sundt. He founded the business magazine Farmand in 1891, and edited the magazine until his death in 1917.
# Fantasio (Smyth)

Fantasio is an opera in two acts composed by Ethel Smyth. The German-language libretto was written by Smyth and Henry Bennet Brewster. Described in the libretto as a phantastische Comödie (fantastic comedy), it was based on Alfred de Musset's 1834 play of the same name. The opera premiered at the Deutsches Nationaltheater in Weimar on 24 May 1898.

## Performance history

Smyth turned to composing opera on the advice of conductor Hermann Levi, who praised her aptitude for dramatic composition when she showed him her Mass in D in Munich. The idea of adapting a play by Alfred de Musset came from her friend Empress Eugénie.
From 1894, Smyth made frequent trips around Europe trying to arrange a premiere for Fantasio. She received a string of rejections, but conductor Felix Mottl at Karlsruhe became interested. It was eventually staged at Weimar thanks to support from Mottl, who wrote to the Weimar conductor Bernhard Stavenhagen, and from Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Baroness Olga Meyendorff. However, the reviews were poor. The correspondent for the Musikalisches Wochenblatt [de] described it as a mediocre production with the exception of the leading roles. Although many noted the difficulty of her score and some felt she had tried to be too clever, using heavy and complicated techniques where lightness and simplicity would have been more appropriate, Smyth's claims of praise for her orchestration are corroborated by the reviews. In 1901 Mottl conducted it at Karlsruhe, but it was not revived again. Smyth later acknowledged that the libretto was weak and out of kilter with the tempestuous music, but thought that the experience had been valuable for her subsequent operatic career.
# Omphalomargarites

Omphalomargarites is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails.

## Species

Species within the genus Omphalomargarites include:
* Omphalomargarites sagamiensis Kuroda & Habe, 1971

### Species brought into synonymy

* Omphalomargarites vorticifera (Dall, 1873): synonym of Margarites vorticiferus (Dall, 1873)
# Plantago elongata

Plantago elongata is a species of plantain known by the common names prairie plantain and slender plantain.
It is native to much of western North America, from British Columbia to California and as far east as Minnesota. It grows in wet habitats, such as vernal pools and wet meadows, including areas with saline and alkali soils, such as beaches.

## Description

Plantago elongata is a petite annual herb producing a few narrow linear or threadlike basal leaves up to 10 centimeters long.
The stemlike inflorescences grow erect to a maximum height around 18 centimeters. Atop the peduncle of the inflorescence is a spike of several tiny flowers each with a rounded or oval calyx of sepals covered with thick, fleshy green bracts.
# Ela To'omaga-Kaikilekofe

Ela To'omaga-Kaikilekofe (born 1969) is a New Zealand visual artist and arts administrator based in New Caledonia. Her work is in the collection of New Zealand's national museum Te Papa and in 2014 she was recognised at the annual Arts Pasifika Awards. She is one of the founding members of the Société Itinérante d’Artistes du Pacifique et d’Océanie (Siapo association).

## Biography

To'omaga-Kaikilekofe was born and raised in Porirua just north of Wellington, New Zealand. She is of Samoan heritage from Falelatai Siufaga and Safaʻatoa Lefaga. She studied at Whitireia New Zealand and received a certificate in craft art and design.
To'omaga-Kaikilekofe visual arts practice includes work as a jeweller and sculptor.
To'omaga-Kaikilekofe moved to Nouméa in 2001 and was still based in New Caledonia as at 2014. At the Creative New Zealand Arts Pasifika Awards in 2914 To'omaga-Kaikilekofe received a special award, in the award listing they described her artwork:
   ...the multidisciplinary artist’s work draws on her Pacific heritage, focusing on contemporary adornment and urban expressions of heritage and culture. (Creative New Zealand 2014)
Artists she has collaborated with include Shigeyuki Kihara, Patrice Kaikilekofe, kanak bamboo specialist Hervé Lecren, musician Natalia Mann and Pacific Sisters.
Te Papa, the national museum of New Zealand hold a number of To'omaga-Kaikilekofe's artworks in their collection. She had a piece in the exhibition Born to Excess (1999) with Shigeyuki Kihara's Teuanoaʻi.
In New Caledonia in 1999, To'omaga-Kaikilekofe along with Tyssia Gatuhau, Patrice Kaikilekofe, Paula Gony Boi, Micheline Neporon, Yvette Bouquet, Denise Tiavouane, Steeve Thomo, Marie Tamole, Alexi Fisi'ipeau founded the Société Itinérante d’Artistes du Pacifique et d’Océanie (Siapo Association NC) as a 'support network for Pacific Island artists in New Caledonia.' In 2016 To'omaga-Kaikilekofe was the president of the association and they held an exhibition called Women painters of Oceania. It featured three Kanak artists, Micheline Néporon, Denise Tiavouane and Paula Boi Gony.
   We live in small communities, we need to better understand each other and support each other in the development of our region, our traditional and contemporary art. (Ela To'omaga-Kaikilekofe 2016)

## Commissions

* 1995 - Adorn to Excess exhibition (1999) - body adornment made of copper wire that (in conjunction with Shigeyuki Kihara's Teuanoaʻi)
* 2014 - Journey de la femmes - commemoration of International Women's Day for Secrétiat de la Communaute du Pacifique, Ans Vata, Nouméa Nouvelle Caledonie

## Awards

Creative New Zealand Arts Pasifika Awards (2014) - Special Recognition Award