OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Progressive historians

The Progressive historians were a group of 20th century historians of the United States associated with a historiographical tradition that embraced an economic interpretation of American history. Most prominent among these was Charles A. Beard, who was influential in academia and with the general public.

## History

From 1910 to the 1940s, "Progressive" historiography was dominant, especially in political studies. It stressed the central importance of class conflict in American history. Important leaders included Vernon L. Parrington, Carl L. Becker, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., John Hicks, and C. Vann Woodward. The movement established a strong base at the History Department at the University of Wisconsin with Curtis Nettels, William Hesseltine, Merle Curti, Howard K. Beale, Merrill Jensen, Fred Harvey Harrington (who became the university president), William Appleman Williams, and a host of graduate students. Charles A. Beard was the most prominent representative with his "Beardian" approach that reached both scholars and the general public.
In covering the Civil War, Charles and Mary Beard did not find it useful to examine nationalism, unionism, states' rights, slavery, abolition or the motivations of soldiers in battle. Instead, they proclaimed it was a:
   social cataclysm in which the capitalists, laborers, and farmers of the North and West drove from power in the national government the planting aristocracy of the South. Viewed under the light of universal history, the fighting was a fleeting incident; the social revolution was the essential portentous outcome.... The Second American Revolution, while destroying the economic foundation of the slave-owning aristocracy, assured the triumph of business enterprise.
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. wrote The Age of Jackson (1945), one of the last major books from this viewpoint. Schlesinger made Jackson a hero for his successful attacks on the Second Bank of the United States. His own views were clear enough: "Moved typically by personal and class, rarely by public, considerations, the business community has invariably brought national affairs to a state of crisis and exasperated the rest of society into dissatisfaction bordering on revolt."
# Architectonica maxima

Architectonica maxima, the giant sundial, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Architectonicidae, which are known as the staircase shells or sundials.

## Description

Architectonica maxima has a shell that reaches 19–82 mm and it is the largest member of the sundial family. This shell is low-spired and quite flattened, with a beaded surface. The shoulder slope is divided into two ribs by a spiral groove. The basic color is cream, with brown spots.

## Distribution

This species can be found in the Indo-Pacific, from East Africa and the Persian Gulf to western Pacific, Japan, eastern Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and Hawaii.

## Habitat

Giant sundial is a carnivore deeper water sea snail living on sandy patches and muddy sublittoral bottoms, close to soft corals, at a depth of 10 – 280 m.
# Proudly South African

Proudly South African was established in 2001, born out of the 1998 Presidential Job Summit which was convened by the late former President Nelson Mandela. The country’s official buy local advocacy campaign is aligned to the government’s objective of combatting the triple challenges of poverty, inequality and above all, unemployment.
Proudly South African is a membership based organisation, and only companies that have been audited and approved are entitled to carry the logo, which is a sign that a product or service meets local content thresholds and above all, quality standards.
Proudly South African works with the public and private sectors to promote increased levels of local procurement through supply chain structures, and with consumers to change habits of every day store and online purchases.
Proudly South African’s clarion call is Buy Local to Create Jobs.
# Edwin Thompson Denig

Edwin Thompson Denig (March 10, 1812 – September 4, 1858) was an American fur trader and pioneer ethnographer active at Fort Union, in present-day North Dakota.

## Fur trader

Denig was the son of a prosperous county doctor, yet he chose to dedicate his adult life to the fur trade. In 1833 he entered into the service of the American Fur Company as a clerk, first at Fort Pierre, and from 1837 at Fort Union. There he rose from bookkeeper to chief clerk, and finally Bourgeois (superintendent of the post and profit-sharing partner). At Fort Union Denig aided various visiting scholars, including John James Audubon, collected scientific specimens, and also collected diverse specimens for the Smithsonian Institution.

## Ethnographer

On the initiative of Father De Smet, Denig began in 1851 to write descriptions of Plains Indian culture that later was included in De Smets writings. Denig also assembled data for Henry Schoolcraft, later included in this scholar's writings. A later report by Denig on the Assiniboine was published in 1930 as Indian Tribes of the Missouri. A later manuscript lay dormant in the archives, until it was published in 1961 as Five Indian Tribes of the Upper Missouri.

## Personal life

Denig entered into several "country marriages" with Native American women. His first marriage was to Sina Wamniomi (Whirlwind Blanket), a Lakota, with whom he had a son, Robert, and a daughter, Sarah. His second marriage, in 1837, was with Hai-kees-kak-wee-yah (Deer Little Woman), an Assiniboine, with whom he had one son, Alexander, and two daughters, Ida and Adeline. The first wife stayed at Fort Pierre, but the son was with his father and the second wife at Fort Union. Denig also married the second wife's younger sister in a polygamous union, that eventually ended when the younger sister moved away. The marriage with the second wife was formalized in 1855 through a Catholic ceremony in St. Louis. In 1856 he moved with her and their three children to Selkirk Settlement, where the children were placed in Catholic schools. Denig was here active as an independent fur trader, but died of appendicitis in 1858.
# Prštice

Prštice is a municipality and village in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.
Prštice lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Brno and 183 km (114 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Archithosia tryphosa

Archithosia tryphosa is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1958. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda.
# 3280

3280 may refer to:
* A.D. 3280, a year in the 4th millennium CE
* 3280 BC, a year in the 4th millennium BCE
* 3280, a number in the 3000 (number) range

## Roads numbered 3280

* Louisiana Highway 3280, a state highway
* Texas Farm to Market Road 3280, a state highway
* County Road 3280 (Walton County, Florida)

## Other uses

* 3280 Grétry, an asteroid in the Asteroid Belt, the 3280th asteroid registered
# Archdeacon of Kilfenora

The Archdeacon of Kilfenora was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Kilfenora until 1643; the Archdiocese of Tuam until 1752; the Diocese of Killaloe and Kilfenora until 1834; and the Diocese of Killaloe and Clonfert until 1923 when it was amalgamated with Killaloe.
The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Charles who held the office in 1302 through to the last discrete holder Arthur Tatton.
# Fritzi Schwingl

Friederike "Fritzi" Schwingl (28 July 1921 – 9 July 2016) was an Austrian slalom and sprint canoeist who competed from the late 1940s to the late 1950s. She won a bronze medal in the K-1 500 m event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

## Biography

Schwingl won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two silvers (K-1 500 m: 1954, K-2 500 m: 1950) and two bronzes (K-1 500 m: 1950, K-2 500 m: 1948). She also won seven medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with three golds (Folding K-1: 1953; Folding K-1 team: 1949, 1951), two silvers (Folding K-1: 1949, 1951) and two bronzes (Folding K-1 team: 1953, 1957). As of 2009, Schwingl was the only woman to medal at both the slalom and sprint canoeing world championships.
# Archives (Darkest Hour album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Punknews.org | |
Archives is a compilation album by Darkest Hour, released on October 3, 2006 through A-F Records.
The disc includes tracks from the band's first two independent EPs, 1996's The Misanthrope and 1999's The Prophecy Fulfilled. The audio for this release was re-mastered from the original master tapes.
Tracks 1 to 6 are from The Prophecy Fulfilled, track 10 and is from a split EP with Groundzero, and tracks 11 to 16 are from The Misanthrope. Tracks 7 to 9 are alternate versions of songs from The Prophecy Fullfilled.

## Personnel

* John Henry – vocals
* Mike Schleibaum – guitar
* Fred Ziomek – lead guitar (tracks 9 and 10)
* Billups Allen – bass (tracks 1 to 10)
* Raul Mayorga – bass (tracks 11 to 16)
* Matt Mabben – drums (tracks 1 to 8, 10 to 16)
* Ryan Parrish – drums (track 9)
# Fukuda, Nagasaki

Fukuda (福田村, Fukuda-mura) was a village in Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki Prefecture. It was absorbed into Nagasaki city in 1955.
In the 16th century it was the location of the Battle of Fukuda Bay, the first recorded naval battle between Western and Japanese forces. It also saw the spread of Christianity by Jesuit missionaries, who converted a large number of the local population into Kirishitans. During World War II the village suffered direct damage from the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki.

## History
### Pre-Edo period

Fukuda village was within the Ōmura Domain, which had been controlled by the Ōmura clan since the 12th century. Fukuda Bay was opened to Portuguese traders in 1565 following negotiations with Ōmura Sumitada's chief vassal Fukuda Kanetsugu (福田兼次). The opening of Fukuda to the Portuguese took trade away from Hirado, a port controlled by the rival Matsura clan. On 18 October of that year the Battle of Fukuda Bay occurred, when a flotilla of Japanese ships led by Matsura Takanobu attacked a Portuguese carrack. This was the first recorded naval battle between European and Japanese forces. The Portuguese suffered eight fatalities in the battle that lasted two hours, while the attacking Japanese force lost 70 men with more than 200 injured.
Fukuda Kanetsugu was a Christian who welcomed the Portuguese traders. Between 1565 and 1570 Portuguese monks and priests were sent to Fukuda and churches were built. Ōmura visited the area from time to time and in 1566 it was reported that more than 1,000 Christians were living in Fukuda. However the bay's unfavourable location, being directly exposed to large waves from the open ocean, encouraged the Portuguese to look for a safer harbour. This led to the eventual opening of the Port of Nagasaki in 1571.

### Edo period

The Edo-period surveyor Inō Tadataka described his visit to Fukuda in his diary entry for the 17th day of the 8th month in the 10th year of the Bunka era (11 September 1813 in the Gregorian calendar). Inō described the village as within the realm of the Omura clan.

### Modern period

Under the Towns and Villages Law that came into effect on 1 April 1889, Fukuda was arranged into 9 neighbourhoods. In the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, five of the neighbourhoods in Fukuda received direct damage from the blast.
On 1 April 1950 a 0.06 km$^2$ portion of the Ōura neighbourhood (consisting of 25 households and 106 residents) was transferred to neighbouring Nagasaki city. On 1 January 1955 Fukuda and a neighbouring village Fukahori were absorbed into Nagasaki city. At the time Fukuda's area was 21.47 km$^2$ and the village was home to 5,431 residents living in 992 households. Fukuda now lies in the western region of Nagasaki. The western regional office of Nagasaki's city hall is based in the Fukuda branch.
# Archdimension Now

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Soundi | |
| Inferno Magazine | |
Archdimension Now is the third album by Finnish heavy psychedelic group Mr. Peter Hayden and was released in spring 2014. This is the third and final part of an album trilogy formed with the band's two earlier releases Faster Than Speed (2010) and Born A Trip (2012). Continuing the growth in track length, Archdimension Now consists of only one track that spans over two hours. On this release, their sound and composition was considered somewhat unique to the genres they are considered to represent.
Deeper analysis on the album was given by David Bowes on Rock-A-Rolla issue #49
   ”Archdimension Now is a triumph as wide as a galaxy, a starfire of light and hallucinatory visions across a backdrop as dark as the void. Split across two, hour-long compositions, there is a certain degree of effort involved in appreciating what’s on offer, but that’s the point. The massive scope allows for complete immersion, for listeners to cocoon themselves in sheer walls of drone and fractured samples, and for the pulsation and sonar synth to pierce the synapses with their sharp, unforgiving presence. This is less an album than a microcosm, a dimension mapped on plastic and transmitted through light, sound and grinning, endless otherness.”

## Track listing
### Double CD

Disc one
Disc two

## Personnel

* V. Ajomo – synthesizers
* L. Kivelä – bass
* JP Koivisto – guitars
* S. Kuosmanen – synthesizers
* T. Santamaa – drums
* V. Vatanen – guitars
# Fritz Jahr

Paul Max Fritz Jahr (January 18, 1895 in Halle (Saale) —October 1, 1953) was a German theologian, pastor and teacher in Halle. He is considered the founder of bioethics.
# Eileen Sullivan

Eileen Sullivan is an American journalist who has covered counter-terrorism and national security for The Associated Press and The New York Times. She won a Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting in 2012.

## Early life

Sullivan was born in Alexandria, Virginia. Growing up, she was inspired to pursue journalism by her parents' longtime friend, award-winning journalist and author Robin Wright. She was fascinated by Wright's stories about her job and travels.
Sullivan attended St. Stephen's and St. Agnes School in Alexandria, where she participated in the French Club and Students Against Driving Drunk. Her school sports activities included lacrosse, track, and basketball, and she was the co-captain of the varsity field hockey team. She was elected to the Honor Council her junior and senior years, and graduated in 1995.
Sullivan studied English at Villanova University. While there, she wrote for The Villanovan, the school newspaper, and interned at a magazine in Philadelphia. She graduated in 1999 with honors.

## Career

Sullivan started her career 1997 working for the Courier-Post in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Her first big assignment was covering an "ugliest couch contest" and interviewing the winner. In 2001, Sullivan, Angela Rucker, and Jason Laughlin earned an award from the New Jersey Press Association for their article on teenage alcohol use, "Many equate booze with fun".
Sullivan moved to the Federal Times in 2003, and then to Congressional Quarterly in 2005 where she covered the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and Hurricane Katrina.
Sullivan joined the Associated Press in 2007 to work in their Washington bureau. She became an expert on homegrown terrorism and domestic radicalization while covering counter-terrorism.
Sullivan, together with Matt Apuzzo, Adam Goldman, and Chris Hawley, wrote a series of investigative reports on the New York Police Department's (NYPD) work under the guidance of the CIA to spy on the daily life of Muslims in the New York metropolitan area for years after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The series earned them the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting, the 2012 Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting from the Shorenstein Center at the Kennedy School of Government, the 2012 Paul Tobenkin Memorial Award from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, the 2011 George Polk Award for Metropolitan Reporting, and the Edgar A. Poe Award from the White House Correspondents' Association. The fallout from the series led to an unsuccessful lawsuit against the NYPD brought by the State of New Jersey, and the disbanding of the surveillance program in 2014.
Sullivan joined The New York Times in 2017 as an early-morning breaking news reporter in their Washington, D.C., bureau.

## Personal life

Sullivan and her husband James live with their daughter Celia in the Capitol Hill neighborhood in Washington.
# Eileen Stulb

Eileen Heffernan Stulb (June 23, 1923 – February 26, 2007) was an American amateur golfer.

## Personal

Stulb was born in Augusta, Georgia to Marion C. Stulb and Eileen Anna Heffernan Stulb. She died in Augusta, Georgia.

## Golfing career

Stulb finished second twice at the Titleholders Championship in 1942 and 1946. She made the cut once at the U.S. Women's Open in 1951, when she finished in a tie for 27th place. Stulb was a two-time champion of the Georgia State Women's Amateur tournament. She was a quarterfinalist at the Women's Western Amateur on two occasions.

## Work

Stulb was the owner of an advertising agency in Augusta. When Fred Corcoran was rehired back on by the LPGA Tour, Stulb was hired to do public relations for the LPGA Tour in the late 1950s and 1960s.
# Egalicia

Egalicia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Egalicia flavescens (Thomson, 1864)
* Egalicia testacea (Bates, 1866)
# Egalitarian community

Egalitarian communities are groups of people who have chosen to live together, with egalitarianism as one of their core values. A broad definition of egalitarianism is "equal access to resources and to decision-making power." For example, decision-making is done by consensus or another system in which each person has a voice; it is not done hierarchically with only one or a few people making choices that will affect the whole group. If the group shares assets (income, vehicles, etc.), they are distributed equitably throughout the group, and each member has access to more-or-less the same resources as any other member. Egalitarian communities are a type of commune (some communal groups are not egalitarian in nature).
An "egalitarian decision" is a decision made by a group as opposed to a single individual. The decision may be made by committee or elected members but still is an egalitarian decision.
The Federation of Egalitarian Communities is a network of communal groups in North America with values including egalitarianism, non-violence, income-sharing and cooperation.
# Eiler Hagerup Krog Prytz Jr.

Eiler Hagerup Krog Prytz (11 March 1883 – 3 August 1963) was a Norwegian goldsmith.
He was born in Kristiania, a son of dean Anton Fredrik Winter Jakhelln Prytz (1853–1937). He was a nephew of goldsmith and architect Torolf Prytz, brother of chemist Milda Dorothea Prytz and of Fascist politician Frederik Prytz, uncle of writer Carl Frederik Prytz and first cousin of goldsmith Jakob Tostrup Prytz.
He graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1907, but made his mark as a co-owner of the goldsmith company J. Tostrup, which was taken over by his uncle in 1890 and turned into a leading company in its field. Eiler Prytz also chaired the trade union Norges Gullsmedforbund, of which his uncle was a co-founder, from 1921 to 1932.
# Provo Canyon Guard Quarters

The Provo Canyon Guard Quarters is a historic building located in Provo Canyon in northeastern Utah County, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

## Description

The Provo Canyon Guard Quarters is an important historical site, preserving the conflict held during the Utah War, a bloodless standoff between the federal government and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints which lasted from 1857 to 1858. These guard quarters were one of three fortifications built by the Church members in response to the threat they perceived from the federal government during the Utah War. The Provo Canyon Quarters, due to its location, was not likely to be involved in any battles and was assigned a mere ten men to keep up the defenses. After the Utah War this fortification served as a station to observe Native American activity until the end of the Black Hawk Indian War in 1868, after which the Guard Quarters have served little purpose.
The Provo Canyon Guard Quarters are built off of U.S. Route 189 a couple hundred feet above the canyon floor and on the north side of Provo Canyon. he elevation the Guard Quarters are built upon is about 5,330 feet (1,620 m). Although several of the walls remain intact, much of the architecture has deteriorated, giving way to scrub oak and additional vegetation. The quarters remain easily identifiable, however.

## History

In the year 1857, president James Buchanan sent a two-thousand-five-hundred-man army into the state of Utah to fight off a rumored Mormon rebellion. There was no rebellion, however, in order to protect the Church, Brigham Young responded to this action by declaring martial law and gathering in the local militia known as the Nauvoo Legion, comprising approximately one thousand two hundred men. It was at this time that fortifications were built in Echo Canyon (Summit County, Utah), Mormon Flat, and in Provo Canyon.
The Utah War was resolved in 1858 as colonel Thomas L. Kane, a respected man both among the Church members and among the federal troops, helped with negotiations. New governmental officials were set in place within the territory, including Alfred Cumming replacing Brigham Young as governor, and federal troops were staged forty miles (64 km) outside of Salt Lake City, at Camp Floyd. When the American Civil War arose in 1861, the army was forced to abandon their encampment and leave. This turned out to advantage the Church members, as the army sold many of their supplies to them at a very low cost.
# 35th Filmfare Awards South

The 35th Filmfare Awards South ceremony honoring the winners of the best of South Indian cinema in 1987 was an event held at Madras music academy, August 14, 1988.

## Jury

| Telugu & Kannada | Tamil & Malayalam |
| Justice P. K. Sethuraman Ajit B. Mantagani G. Dwarkanathan A. S. Ravi Prakash A. D. Vittal Rao | Justice P. Bhaskaran Smt. Akila Sivaraman S. Viswanathan Smt. Lakshmi Krishnamurthy Smt. Radha Balakrishnan |

## Awards
### Kannada cinema

| Best Film | Best Director |
| Pushpaka Vimana - Shringar Nagaraj | Singeetam Srinivasa Rao - Pushpaka Vimana |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
| Kamal Haasan - Pushpaka Vimana | Geetha - Shruthi Seridaaga |

### Malayalam cinema

| Best Film | Best Director |
| Thaniyavarthanam - V. Nandakumar | Prathap K. Pothan - Rithubhedam |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
| Nedumudi Venu - Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam | Sharada - Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam |

### Tamil cinema

| Best Film | Best Director |
| Vedham Pudhithu - Bharathiraja | Bharathiraja - Vedham Pudhithu |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
| Sathyaraj - Vedham Pudhithu | Radhika - Neethikku Thandanai |

### Telugu cinema

| Best Film | Best Director |
| Padamati Sandhya Ragam - G.Subbarao | K. Viswanath - Sruthilayalu |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
| Akkineni Nageswara Rao - Aatma Bandhuvulu | Vijayashanti - Swayam Krushi |