OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alabama Education Association

The Alabama Education Association (AEA) is a statewide professional organization that represents public school employees in the state of Alabama. It is based in the state capital of Montgomery. The AEA is the largest education association in Alabama and is an advocate organization that leads the movement for excellence in education and is the voice of education professionals in Alabama. AEA's mission is to promote education excellence. The AEA provides legal assistance, professional development opportunities, member benefits, and a strong voice for education in the Alabama Legislature. The AEA serves as the advocate for its members and leads in the advancement of equitable and quality public education for Alabama's diverse population. The AEA is an affiliate of the National Education Association (NEA), the nation's largest professional employee organization.
The AEA's stated mission is "to promote educational excellence, the Alabama Education Association shall serve as the advocate for its members and shall lead in the advancement of equitable and quality public education for a diverse population."

## History

One of the mandates of Reconstruction placed on the former Confederate states was that each had to write a new constitution acceptable to Congress before rejoining the Union. Alabama drafted a new state constitution in 1868. In the section on education, the following line was added: "And proper provision shall be made for the education of the children of white and colored persons in separate schools." This helped create a system of education that would come to be known as separate but equal. As a result of this divide, two professional associations arose to represent teachers in the divided schools system. The association to represent teachers in White schools was known as the Alabama Education Association while the one representing teachers in Non-White schools was known as the Alabama State Teachers Association. In 1969, the Alabama Education Association and the Alabama State Teachers Association merged, with Paul R. Hubbert as executive secretary and Joe L. Reed as associate executive secretary.

## Modern Era

Though it is officially a professional organization, it performs many of the same functions as a trade union, and is thus frequently referred to as such by the news media and other writers, as well as political opponents. (State law prevents public employees from being represented by a union per se, hence the designation.) As a professional association, AEA is not able to call for strikes or participate in collective bargaining.
# David Sampson

David Sampson is the name of:
* David A. Sampson (born 1957), U.S. Deputy Secretary of Commerce
* David Sampson (composer) (born 1951), American composer
* Dave Sampson (1941–2014), singer
* David Sampson (politician), American state legislator
* David Sampson (rugby league) (1947–2021), rugby league footballer and coach
# Eritrea at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics

Eritrea competes at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics from 15–23 August in Berlin.

## Team selection

| Event | Athletes | Athletes |
| Event | Men | Women |
| 1500 metres | Hais Welday | |
| 5000 metres | Teklemariam Medhin Kidane Tadasse Samuel Tsegay | |
| 10000 metres | Teklemariam Medhin Kidane Tadasse Zersenay Tadese | |
| Marathon | Yared Asmerom Yonas Kifle Tesfayohannes Mesfin | |
# Eritrea at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Eritrea competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's fourth appearance at the Olympics.
Eritrean National Olympic Committee sent a total of 12 athletes to the Games, 11 men and 1 woman, to compete only in athletics and road cycling, the first for the nation. Marathon runner Yonas Kifle had competed at every Olympic games since its national debut in Sydney, and was the oldest member of the contingent, at age 35. Steeplechase runner Weynay Ghebresilasie, the youngest of the team, at age 18, was Eritrea's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. For the second straight time, Eritrea failed to win a single Olympic medal at the London games.

## Athletics

Eritrean athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard):

### Key

* Note – Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Teklit Teweldebrhan | 1500 m | 3:42.88 | 13 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Abrar Osman Adem | 5000 m | 13:24.40 | 11 | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Teklemariam Medhin | 5000 m | DNS | DNS | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Amanuel Mesel | 5000 m | 13:48.13 | 15 | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Teklemariam Medhin | 10000 m | — | — | — | — | 27:34.76 | 7 |
| Zersenay Tadese | 10000 m | — | — | — | — | 27:33.51 | 6 |
| Nguse Tesfaldet | 10000 m | — | — | — | — | 27:56.78 | 15 |
| Weynay Ghebresilasie | 3000 m steeplechase | 8:37.57 | 10 | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Yared Asmerom | Marathon | — | — | — | — | 2:15:24 | 19 |
| Yonas Kifle | Marathon | — | — | — | — | 2:21:25 | 58 |
| Samuel Tsegay | Marathon | — | — | — | — | DNF | DNF |
* Yared Asmerom
* Samuel Tsegay

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| Rehaset Mehari | Marathon | 2:35:49 | 59 |

## Cycling

Eritrea qualified one cyclist for the Games. It marked the first time Eritrea competed in a sport other than athletics.

### Road

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Daniel Teklehaymanot | Men's road race | 5:46:37 | 73 |
# Park Nam-su

Park Nam-su (Korean: 박남수; April 3, 1918 – September 17, 1994) was a South Korean poet.

## Biography

Park Nam-su was born on April 3, 1918, in Pyongyang, Heian'nan-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan. Park graduated from Chuo University, Tokyo, in 1941. after graduating from Pyeongyang Soongin Industrial High School. Park also worked for the Pyeongyang branch of the Korean Colonial Bank, though he had already begun his writing career.
Although Park was born in what would become North Korea, he emigrated to the South in 1951 and later to United States in 1973.
Park died on September 17, 1994.

## Work

The Korea Literature Translation Institute summarizes Park Nam-su's contributions to Korean literature:
    Park Namsu was a pioneer of the poetry that celebrated and explored mundane reality. Park, in the mid to late 1930s, rejected the focus on lyrical naturalism of his contemporaries and instead immersed his art in the exploration of the stark reality and common human experiences. His post-war poetry, such as Sea Gull Sketches (Galmaegi somyo), acutely depicted the toll that warfare wreaked upon the daily lives of ordinary citizens, especially the lingering hardships that refugees faced. The poems of this collection portray a journey of self-discovery; a more complex and deeper understanding of the psyche is achieved through the acute sensibilities that Park’s words evoke. By the 1960s, Park shifted his technique from realism to a more abstract study of perception of reality; his work studied the dynamic relationship of the internal perspective and the external world.
    Park’s quest during this time was to establish a concrete and universal essence of humanity through the exploration of the relationship between constantly evolving critical consciousness of the material world and the material world itself. The image of a 'bird', a symbol that fascinated Park from his first published collection of works, encapsulated his quest to find the meaning of existence. Park is critically acclaimed for both his ability to adroitly harmonize the aesthetic and the internal and his skill in portraying the delicate balance between sense and perception.

## Works in Korean (partial)

Published Collections
* A Paper Lantern (Chorongbul)
* Sea Gull Sketch (Galmeagi somyo)
* Refuse of the Gods (Sinui sseuregi)
* Secret Burial of a Bird (Saeui amjang)
* The Crown of a Deer (Saseumui gwan)
* Remembrance of a Forest I Know Not Where (Eodinji morenueun supui gieok)

## Awards

* Asia Freedom Literature Prize (1957)
* Gongcho Literary Award (1994)
# Park National Bank

Park National Bank may refer to:
* Park National Bank (Ohio), a division of Park National Corp.
* Park National Bank (FBOP), an FBOP division, based in Chicago, Illinois
# Erskine B. Ingram

Erskine B. Ingram (September 29, 1866 – January 18, 1954) was an American heir, lumber baron, and philanthropist.

## Early life

Erskine B. Ingram was born on September 29, 1866, in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. His father, Orrin Henry Ingram, was a lumber baron. His mother was Cornelia Pierce Ingram. His uncle, Julius Ingram, was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. His paternal great-grandfather, David Ingram, immigrated from Leeds, England.

## Career

Ingram inherited his father's concerns in the lumber industry. He served as the chairman of Investment Securities and Ingram Products Company. He served on the board of directors of the Union National Bank of Eau Claire, of which his father had served as president.
Additionally, he was a co-founder of the New Dells Lumber Company with Pearl Chambers, J. E. Hosford, and Judge James Wickham, and served as its president.

## Philanthropy

Ingram served on the board of advisors of the Salvation Army and on the board of directors of YMCA. He was a member of the Kiwanis.

## Personal life

Ingram married Harriet Louise Coggshall Ingram. They attended the First Congregational Church of Eau Claire. Their estate in Eau Claire was heavily burned by a rubbish fire at a local city dump in 1953. They had a son, Orrin Henry Ingram Sr., named after Erskine's father.

## Death

He died on January 18, 1954, in Eau Claire. He was eighty-two years old.
# Errolosteus

Errolosteus goodradigbeensis is an extinct buchanosteid arthrodire placoderm. Its fossils have been found in Emsian-aged marine strata of New South Wales, Australia.
The holotype of E. goodradigbeensis, ANU 21806, was described at the same time as its sympatric relative, Arenipiscis. Errolosteus can be distinguished by having a comparatively short, broad skull.
# Erromanga (ship)

There are three vessel listed in Lloyd's register of British and foreign shipping prior to 1880 named Erromanga, they are:
* Erromanga – a wooden barque of 395 tons, built in Greenock in 1845 Owner: J. Kelso, Master: J. Kelso, Port of registry: Greenock, Destined voyage: Clyde to Quebec
* Erromanga – a wooden barque of 361 tons, built in Newcastle in 1844 Owner: R. Hansell, Master: Robinson, Port of registry: North Shields, Destined voyage: Newcastle
* Erromanga – a wooden barque of 309 tons, built in Sunderland in 1856 Owner: L. A. V. Rudolph, Master: E. Polson, Port of registry: Sunderland
* Eromanga (Australian vessel) details as recorded in the 1824–25 edition of Lloyd's register of shipping was as follows: Official number 130166. A steel single screw steamship of 3,359 tons, built by the State Dockyard in Newcastle in 1921 for the Commonwealth Line. In 1926 this vessel was sold to the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company and renamed Maranoa.
# Erromenosteus

Erromenosteus is a genus of extinct, medium-sized brachythoracid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Frasnian of the Kellwasserkalk facies of Late Devonian Bad Wildungen and Bicken, Germany.
The various species had bullet-shaped heads, and curved, crushing jaws.

## Species list

As was mentioned, all known species are from the German Kellwasserkalk facies. Denison (1978) says that the various species need to be revised, as many of the species were originally described as specimens of other species. Obruchev (1932) and Miles (1969) placed Leiosteus (=Erromenosteus) within Pachyosteidae (before Pachyosteidae was merged into Selenosteidae).$^{:94}$ Now, though, Erromenosteus is considered a basal member of Dinichthyloidea.

### Erromenosteus

* Erromenosteus lucifer, the type species. The holotype is a 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long skull.$^{:94}$

### Leiosteus

These species were originally classified within Leiosteus before the genus was synonymized with Erromenosteus.$^{:94–95}$
* Erromenosteus brachyrostris, currently known from a single 6 centimetres (2.4 in) long skull, originally referred to E. inflatus.
* Erromenosteus concavus, known from several specimens, average skull length ranging from 7 centimetres (2.8 in) - 13 centimetres (5.1 in).
* Erromenosteus inflatus, this species was originally referred to as Coccosteus inflatus, then Brachydeirus inflatus, before being placed within Leiosteus. The length of the holotype skull is 8 centimetres (3.1 in)
* Erromenosteus koeneni Apparently a nomen nudum, the holotype skull is 60 millimetres (2.4 in) long.$^{:95}$
* Erromenosteus platycephalus Denison (1978) notes that it has never been figured.$^{:95}$

### Paraleiosteus

* Erromenosteus diensti: its holotype was originally referred as a specimen of E. concavus (=Leiosteus concavus) by Gross (1932), but Stensiö erected a new genus, "Paraleiosteus," for the specimen on account of differences seen in its scapulo-coracoid bone. The holotype's skull is 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long.$^{:95}$
# Ernest Piggott

Ernest Piggott (1878–1967) was a leading British jump racing jockey, whose family has become one of the leading dynasties in British horseracing. He was three times Champion Jockey and three times Grand National winner. His son, (Ernest) Keith Piggott (1904–1993), was also a leading jump jockey and National-winning trainer, while his grandson was the 11-times British flat racing Champion Jockey, Lester Piggott.

## Jockey Championships

Piggott began his English riding career in the late 1890s but from 1905 was based for several years in Belgium and France. He was champion jockey in France before returning to England where he won the 1910 British jump jockey championship with 67 winners. At the time this was the joint-record number of winners, although it was superseded the following year. His two other championships came in 1913 and 1915.

## Grand National

His first Grand National victory came in 1912 on 4/1 joint favourite, Jerry M, trained by Robert Gore and owned by Sir Charles Assheton-Smith. Although this trainer-owner pair won the following year's National with Covertcoat, Piggott was not on board, and it wasn't until 1918, when the Grand National was held at Gatwick (as Aintree had been commandeered by the War Office) that Piggott got a follow-up success with Poethlyn. The same horse gave him his third and final National victory back at Aintree in 1919 when it went off 11/4 favourite, the shortest priced winner in the history of the race. In so doing, he became the first jockey to win three Grand Nationals since Arthur Nightingall in 1901. Piggott also notably rode the 14-year-old Manifesto into third place in the 1902 National under a weight of 12 st 8 lb. This made it the oldest horse ever to have been placed in the National up to that point, and it remains the only horse ever to have been placed carrying such a weight. He retired from the saddle in 1920 and trained for twenty years at Letcombe Regis from the following year, dying in hospital at Oxford on 13 March 1967 aged 88.

## Personal life

Ernest married Margaret Cannon, daughter of jockey, Tom Cannon, Sr.
# Partial inverse of a matrix

In linear algebra and statistics, the partial inverse of a matrix is an operation related to Gaussian elimination which has applications in numerical analysis and statistics. It is also known by various authors as the principal pivot transform, or as the sweep, gyration, or exchange operator.
Given an $n\times n$ matrix $A$ over a vector space $V$ partitioned into blocks:
    $A={\begin{pmatrix}A_{11}&A_{12}\\A_{21}&A_{22}\end{pmatrix}}$
If $A_{11}$ is invertible, then the partial inverse of $A$ around the pivot block $A_{11}$ is created by inverting $A_{11}$, putting the Schur complement $A/A_{11}$ in place of $A_{22}$, and adjusting the off-diagonal elements accordingly:
    $\operatorname {inv} _{1}A={\begin{pmatrix}(A_{11})^{-1}&-(A_{11})^{-1}A_{12}\\A_{21}(A_{11})^{-1}&A_{22}-A_{21}(A_{11})^{-1}A_{12}\end{pmatrix}}$
Conceptually, partial inversion corresponds to a rotation of the graph of the matrix $(X,AX)\in V\times V$, such that, for conformally-partitioned column matrices $(x_{1},x_{2})^{T}$ and $(y_{1},y_{2})^{T}$:
    $A{\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}\\x_{2}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}y_{1}\\y_{2}\end{pmatrix}}\Leftrightarrow \operatorname {inv} _{1}(A){\begin{pmatrix}y_{1}\\x_{2}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}\\y_{2}\end{pmatrix}}$
As defined this way, this operator is its own inverse: $\operatorname {inv} _{k}(\operatorname {inv} _{k}(A))=A$, and if the pivot block $A_{11}$ is chosen to be the entire matrix, then the transform simply gives the matrix inverse $A^{-1}$. Note that some authors define a related operation (under one of the other names) which is not an inverse per se; particularly, one common definition instead has $(\operatorname {inv} _{k})^{2}(A)=-A$.
The transform is often presented as a pivot around a single non-zero element $a_{kk}$, in which case one has
    $\left[\operatorname {inv} _{k}(A)\right]_{ij}={\begin{cases}{\frac {1}{a_{kk}}}&i=j=k\\-{\frac {a_{kj}}{a_{kk}}}&i=k,j\neq k\\{\frac {a_{ik}}{a_{kk}}}&i\neq k,j=k\\a_{ij}-{\frac {a_{ik}a_{kj}}{a_{kk}}}&i\neq k,j\neq k\end{cases}}$
Partial inverses obey a number of nice properties:
* inversions around different blocks commute, so larger pivots may be built up from sequences of smaller ones
* partial inversion preserves the space of symmetric matrices
Use of the partial inverse in numerical analysis is due to the fact that there is some flexibility in the choices of pivots, allowing for non-invertible elements to be avoided, and because the operation of rotation (of the graph of the pivoted matrix) has better numerical stability than the shearing operation which is implicitly performed by Gaussian elimination. Use in statistics is due to the fact that the resulting matrix nicely decomposes into blocks which have useful meanings in the context of linear regression.
# Erlton-Ellisburg, New Jersey

Erlton-Ellisburg was an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Cherry Hill Township, in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2000 United States Census, the CDP's population was 8,168. The area comprises Erlton and Ellisburg, two neighborhoods in western Cherry Hill. As of the 2010 United States Census, the Erlton-Ellisburg CDP was discontinued and a portion of the old CDP was included in the new Ellisburg CDP.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 4.9 km$^2$ (1.9 sq mi), including 4.8 km$^2$ (1.9 sq mi) of land and 0.1 km$^2$ (0.039 sq mi) of water (1.06%).

## Demographics

As of the 2000 United States Census there were 8,168 people, 3,517 households, and 2,141 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,695.5 people /km$^2$ (4,391 people/sq mi). There were 3,648 housing units at an average density of 757.3 units /km$^2$ (1,961 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.96% White, 3.97% African American, 0.11% Native American, 6.70% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.92% from other races, and 1.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.81% of the population.
There were 3,517 households, out of which 24.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the CDP the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 24.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 84.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.8 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $47,953, and the median income for a family was $60,170. Males had a median income of $47,438 versus $33,096 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,357. About 3.5% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Erlton include:
* Judy Faulkner (born 1943), CEO and co-founder of Epic Systems, a healthcare software company.
# David Sanchez (activist)

David Sanchez (born June 17, 1947) is an American civil rights activist, and founding member of the Brown Berets. In the 1960s and 70s he was heavily involved in the Chicano civil rights and political movements.

## Background

An accomplished student in high school, in 1966 Sanchez chaired Mayor Sam Yorty's youth council. However personal experiences with police brutality from the LAPD radicalized his politics and world view. With other high school students, Sanchez helped found the Young Chicanos for Community Action. With his leadership, the Young Chicanos For Community Action eventually became the Brown Berets. The Brown Berets advocated for better schools and the fair treatment of Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles. The organization also worked on farmworkers' rights, opposition to the Vietnam War, and organizing against police brutality.
Known as the "Prime Minister," Sanchez played a key role in the organization of the Chicano Moratorium and the East L.A. walkouts. In 1969, Sanchez and the Brown Berets established the East LA Free Clinic on Whittier Boulevard. He was at the National Chicano Moratorium March on August 29, 1970, and was friends with journalist Ruben Salazar who was killed that day.
In 1972, Sanchez led the Occupation of Catalina Island, which was meant to draw attention on the continuing struggles of Mexican-Americans in the United States.
After disbanding the Brown Berets, Sanchez went to work for the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, and taught Mexican American Studies at several community colleges in Los Angeles county. In 2005, Sanchez ran for the Los Angeles City Council District 14 seat, losing to José Huizar, and in 2012 he ran in the race for California's 40th congressional district, losing to Lucille Roybal-Allard.

## Published works

* Sanchez, David (1989). Social Communication for Everyone. Pan American Institute. ASIN B00072Z64Q.
* Sanchez, David (1978). Expedition Through Aztlán. La Puente, CA: Perspective Publications.