OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Double periodic variable

A Double Periodic Variable (DPV) is a type of binary star. As the name implies, the systems vary in brightness not only due to eclipses of one star by the other, but also on a cycle of roughly 33 times longer than the orbit. The star gaining mass from the other has a thick disk of material surrounding it, and the systems apparently lose mass cyclically into the interstellar medium over time. The cause for the secondary longer variability still is not established, but it has been proposed to be linked to a magnetic dynamo in the donor (mass transferring) star. A famous example is β Lyrae. The stars are rare, with 21 systems found in the Galaxy and more than 170 in the Magellanic Clouds (Abril 2016).

## List

Catalogues of Double Periodic Variables are given by Mennickent, Otero and Kołaczkowski (2016), Pawlak et al. (2013) and Poleski et al. (2010). Some few examples are given below.
The following list contains selected double periodic variables that are of interest to amateur or professional astronomy. Unless otherwise noted, the given magnitudes are in the V-band.
| Star | Maximum magnitude | Minimum magnitude | Eclipse period (in days) | Spectral type |
| V393 Scorpii | 7.39 | 8.31 | 7.72 | B3III |
| AU Monocerotis | 8.20 | 9.16 | 11.11 | B5IV+F8-G0II-III |
# Freeman Thomas

Freeman Thomas (born August 20, 1957) is an American automobile and industrial designer who has worked for Porsche, Volkswagen Group, DaimlerChrysler and Ford.

## Background

Thomas, the son of an American military air traffic controller and a German mother, traveled frequently around Europe during his childhood. This led to an early awareness of cars - in his own words, "a certain sense of automotive space."

## Early career

After graduating from Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, Freeman worked as a senior designer at Porsche from 1983 to 1987.
After leaving Porsche, he worked in consultancy, journalism and teaching, before joining Volkswagen of America in 1991.

## Volkswagen Group

While at the Volkswagen Design Center in Simi Valley, California, he collaborated with fellow Art Center graduate J Mays on the design of the Volkswagen Concept 1 concept car, a modern re-interpretation of the original Volkswagen Beetle. This was first shown at the 1994 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS), and the positive response led to the car entering production as the Volkswagen New Beetle. In 1994, he began the design of the acclaimed Audi TT concept car, which also led to a production model.
From 1996 to 1999, Thomas was a member of J Mays' SHR Perceptual Management industrial design consultancy, before returning to Volkswagen of America as head of design.

## DaimlerChrysler

In 1999, Thomas was appointed vice president of DaimlerChrysler Advanced Product Design Strategy, later becoming head of their Pacifica Advanced Design Center in 2002. At DaimlerChrysler he oversaw the design of several Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep concept cars and production models.

## Ford

Thomas moved to the Ford Motor Company, taking up the role of Director, Strategic Design for North America on 1 June 2005. He is responsible for developing product design strategies and concept vehicles for the Ford (inclusive of the current Mustang design), Lincoln and Mercury marques.

## R Gruppe

Cris Huergas and Freeman Thomas of California founded R Gruppe, an early 911 Porsche sports club on May 15, 1999. They did so with the intention of bringing like-minded individual together to share technical and historical information related to their cars, as well as sharing views and ideas concerning the ownership, preparation, maintenance and operation of their cars.

## Designs

Thomas is credited with the following designs:
* Volkswagen New Beetle
* Audi TT
* Audi A4
* Audi A6
* Panoz Roadster
* Chrysler Pacifica
* Dodge Super 8 Hemi concept
* Jeep Willys concept
* Jeep Treo concept
* Dodge Sling Shot concept
* Jeep Rescue concept
* Dodge Tomahawk concept motorcycle
* With Ralph Gilles
** Chrysler 300
** Dodge Magnum
** Dodge Charger
# Gallows Corner

Gallows Corner is a major road junction in Romford in Greater London, England. It was the site of the gallows of the Liberty of Havering, hence the name.

## History

During the 18th century, Gallows Corner was a copse-sided part of the road and, approachable by meagre path only from the south or various small lanes in other directions, a favourite spot for waylaying coaches. It was close to the site for the gallows, thought to be north of what is now Eastern Avenue (west), on a grassy stretch below Masefield Crescent. Several entries in the Romford registers of burials of felons confirm many of those executed there in the 16th and 17th centuries. In grounds of Ravensbourne School is where the small jail stood where the condemned were held.
The former name of Straight Road was Gallows Lane.

## Junction

The current junction is a large roundabout with five exits and a flyover. The exits are:
* Westbound: A12 (Eastern Avenue), towards central London.
* South-westbound: A118 (Main Road), towards Romford.
* South-eastbound: A127 (Southend Arterial Road), towards Southend-on-Sea.
* North-eastbound: A12 (Colchester Road), towards East Anglia.
* Northbound: Straight Road, a minor road towards Harold Hill.

## Flyover

The flyover links Eastern Avenue (East) with the Southend Arterial Road. According to the Romford Recorder it was erected in 1970 by Terry and Co; it takes the form of a system of prefabricated units (called the Braithwaite FliWay) that was cheaper and quicker to build than a conventional underpass or cast in-situ flyover. It is notorious for being angular, with sudden changes of slope rather than a smooth arch. The flyover was closed for several months in 2008 for remedial work carried out to the road deck, with several sections replaced. It was found in final inspection that the bridge parapets had suffered severe corrosion. The bridge was fitted with emergency barriers which meant that traffic was restricted to one lane in the London-bound (westbound) direction only. It re-opened to two-way traffic in 2009.

## Roundabout

The junction has an above-average number of collisions. Transport for London has put forward proposals to make the junction safer by changing the roundabout layout, adding new white lines and guidance markings, and extending the reduced speed limits on the approaches to the junction. Works were expected to start during spring 2018.
Works did not, however, commence in 2018; the local radio station Time 107.5 reported in July 2021 that TfL was planning to submit a bid to the Department of Transport in Spring 2022 to access £50m of Government funding to address the issues with the junction.

## In media

The junction is referred to in the film Layer Cake.
# 9909 Eschenbach

9909 Eschenbach, provisional designation 4355 T-1, is a Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, roughly 10 kilometers in diameter.
The asteroid was discovered on 26 March 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten, as well as Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels. The asteroid was spotted during the Palomar–Leiden survey by examining photographic plates taken at Palomar Observatory, California, United States. It was named after medieval knight and poet Wolfram von Eschenbach.

## Orbit and classification

Eschenbach is a member of the Flora family. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,314 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1969 VD$_2$ at Crimea-Nauchnij in 1969, extending the body's observation arc by 2 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.

## Survey designation

The survey designation "T-1" stands for the first Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand minor planets.

## Physical characteristics
### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Eschenbach measures 23.4 and 3.404 kilometers in diameter, respectively. NEOWISE also finds an exceptionally high albedo of 0.460 for the body's surface. It has an absolute magnitude of 13.8

### Lightcurves

As of 2017, the asteroid's rotation period and shape remain unknown.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after German medieval knight and poet Wolfram von Eschenbach (1168–1220) one of the greatest poets of his time along with Gottfried von Strassburg and Hartmann von Aue (also see 9908 Aue). Wolfram von Eschenbach is known for his epic Parzival and for two other narrative works: the fragmentary Titurel and the unfinished Willehalm. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 April 1999 (M.P.C. 34356).
# Pučenik

Pučenik (Serbian Cyrillic: Пученик) is a village in the municipality of Bosanska Krupa, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 8, all Serbs.
# Pál Engel

Pál Engel (27 February 1938 – 21 August 2001) was a Hungarian medievalist historian and archivist, and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He served as General Director of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences between 1996 and 1997. Despite Engel being an autodidact historian (who had no degree in history), he became a preeminent medievalist, and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

## Works

* Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I–II. ["Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I–II"]. História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest (1996)
* The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers (2001)

## Sources

* Tringli, István (April 2002). "Megemlékezés". Magyar Tudomány (in Hungarian). www.matud.iif.hu/. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
* This biographical article about a Hungarian historian is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# A. Favre & Fils

A. Favre & Fils is a Swiss luxury watch manufacturer located in Carouge, a municipality in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. Their timepieces are made from 18k gold (white or rose).

## History

A record saved in the Neuchâtel State Archives establishes that on March 29, 1718, a contract was concluded between Abraham Favre and the master watchmaker Daniel Gagnebin in which the former commits to teach Abraham Favre the profession of watchmaking to the extent of his knowledge for a period of three years. This document marks the beginning of the Favre watchmaking history. Another official document dated from 1737 then mentions his son, also named Abraham, as a master watchmaker. From the fourth generation on, the trade name of the firm became Abraham Favre & Fils, and the timepieces were subsequently signed with the brand "A. Favre & Fils".

## Genealogy

Below is a basic genealogy of the Favre family, from the first watchmaker to the actual founder of A. FAVRE & FILS, Laurent Favre:
I - Abraham Favre (1685–1762), "ancien d´église", replacement Judge, entrepreneur in public construction. First initiation to watchmaking in 1718.
II - Abraham Favre (1702–1790), replacement Judge, master watchmaker.
III - Abraham Favre (1740–1823), counselor, captain of the local militia, master watchmaker and watch dealer.
IV - Frédéric Favre (1766–1840), President of the Charity Chamber in Le Locle and watch dealer.
V - Henri-Auguste Favre (1796–1865), watch manufacturer, Captain of the local armed forces, former member of the legislative Corps of Neuchâtel.
VI - Fritz Favre (1828–1877), watch manufacturer, Judge, Captain of local armed forces, assistant to the Major in the battalion I of Le Locle.
VII - Henri-Adrien Favre (1865–1961), industrial and watch manufacturer.
VIII - Henry-A. Favre (1908–1972), PhD in Law, President of the Montres FAVRE-LEUBA Company from 1934 to 1969 and of the SAPHIR Group from 1969 to 1972.
IX - Florian Favre, born in 1942, Sales Executive and Head of Product Development in the SAPHIR Group from 1966 to 1975, Owner and President of Florian Favre SA, from 1976 to 2005.
Eric Favre, born in 1943, CEO of the SAPHIR S.A. holding from 1972 to 1977.
X - Laurent Favre, born in 1973, Founder of A. FAVRE & FILS.
# Donald Huffman

Donald R. Huffman (born 1935) is a Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Arizona. With Wolfgang Krätschmer, he developed a technique in 1990 for the simple production of large quantities of C$_{60}$, or Buckminsterfullerene. Previously, in 1982~1983, he and Krätschmer had found, in a UV spectrum, the first signal of C$_{60}$ ever observed.
Huffman was featured prominently in "Race to Catch a Buckyball", a 1995 episode of the Nova documentary series.
# Penny Jamieson

Penelope Ann Bansall Jamieson DCNZM (née Allen; born 21 June 1942) is a retired Anglican bishop. She was the seventh Bishop of Dunedin in the Anglican Church of New Zealand from 1989 until her retirement in 2004. Jamieson was the second woman in the world, after Barbara Harris, to hold the position of bishop in the Anglican Communion and the first to be elected a diocesan bishop.

## Early life

Born in Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire, England, in 1942, Jamieson attended Wycombe High School and studied linguistics at the University of Edinburgh before moving to New Zealand, her husband's country of birth. She worked at the Wellington Inner City Mission while completing her doctoral thesis at Victoria University of Wellington on English language acquisition by Tokelaun children.

## Ordained ministry

In 1982, she was ordained a deacon and then a priest in 1983. She was assistant curate of St James' Lower Hutt from 1982 to 1985. In 1985, she was vicar of Karori West with Mākara in the Diocese of Wellington.
In 1990 she was elected to head the country's southernmost diocese, the Diocese of Dunedin. She was consecrated a bishop on 29 June 1990. She spoke publicly about the difficulties of being the world's first woman diocesan bishop. For instance, her ordination as bishop was not attended by the Anglican Bishop of Aotearoa (Whakahuihui Vercoe) and the Catholic Bishop of Dunedin, (Leonard Boyle).
On 15 March 2004 she announced her retirement. At her retirement, after 14 years as Bishop of Dunedin, Jamieson expressed her regret that no other woman had been elected a bishop in New Zealand.

## Personal life

She is married to Ian Jamieson, an academic specialising in Scottish and medieval English literature.
In the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours, Jamieson was appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the community. In 2009, following the restoration of titular honours by the New Zealand government, she declined redesignation as a Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit.
# 1988–89 UAE Football League

Statistics of UAE Football League for the 1988–89 season.

## Overview

It was contested by 12 teams, and Sharjah FC won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Sharjah | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 31 | 18 | +13 | 32 |
| 2 | Al Wasl | 22 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 44 | 18 | +26 | 31 |
| 3 | Al Nasr | 22 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 38 | 17 | +21 | 29 |
| 4 | Al Shabab | 22 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 29 | 18 | +11 | 28 |
| 5 | Al Ain | 22 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 29 | 21 | +8 | 25 |
| 6 | Al Khaleej | 22 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 23 |
| 7 | Al Wahda | 22 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 34 | 30 | +4 | 22 |
| 8 | Baniyas | 22 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 16 | 19 | −3 | 20 |
| 9 | Al Jazira | 22 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 23 | 29 | −6 | 19 |
| 10 | Al Shaab | 22 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 20 | 31 | −11 | 16 |
| 11 | Al Ahli | 22 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 18 | 36 | −18 | 13 |
| 12 | Emirates | 22 | 0 | 3 | 19 | 14 | 56 | −42 | 3 |
# Amphelictus scabrosus

Amphelictus scabrosus is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.
# Alucita withaari

Alucita withaari is a moth of the family Alucitidae. It was described by Cees Gielis in 2009. It is found in Papua New Guinea.
# 2020 UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's individual pursuit

The Men's individual pursuit competition at the 2020 UCI Track Cycling World Championships was held on 28 February 2020.

## Results
### Qualifying

The qualifying was started at 15:48. The first two racers raced for gold, the third and fourth fastest rider raced for the bronze medal.
| Rank | Name | Nation | Time | Behind | Notes |
| 1 | Filippo Ganna | Italy | 4:01.934 | | Q, WR |
| 2 | Ashton Lambie | United States | 4:03.640 | +1.706 | Q |
| 3 | Corentin Ermenault | France | 4:07.593 | +5.659 | q |
| 4 | Jonathan Milan | Italy | 4:08.094 | +6.160 | q |
| 5 | Felix Groß | Germany | 4:08.928 | +6.994 | |
| 6 | Stefan Bissegger | Switzerland | 4:09.711 | +7.777 | |
| 7 | Claudio Imhof | Switzerland | 4:10.302 | +8.368 | |
| 8 | Ivo Oliveira | Portugal | 4:10.829 | +8.895 | |
| 9 | Domenic Weinstein | Germany | 4:12.571 | +10.637 | |
| 10 | Davide Plebani | Italy | 4:13.402 | +11.468 | |
| 11 | Alexander Evtushenko | Russia | 4:15.728 | +13.794 | |
| 12 | Jay Lamoureux | Canada | 4:17.065 | +15.131 | |
| 13 | Lucas Plapp | Australia | 4:18.520 | +16.586 | |
| 14 | Thomas Denis | France | 4:18.989 | +17.055 | |
| 15 | Mikhail Shemetau | Belarus | 4:19.344 | +17.410 | |
| 16 | Wojciech Ziółkowski | Poland | 4:21.462 | +19.528 | |
| 17 | Alisher Zhumakan | Kazakhstan | 4:24.911 | +22.977 | |
| 18 | Vitālijs Korņilovs | Latvia | 4:45.578 | +43.644 | |
| | Lev Gonov | Russia | Did not start | Did not start | Did not start |

### Finals

The finals were started at 20:36.
| Rank | Name | Nation | Time | Behind |
| Gold medal race |||||
| | Filippo Ganna | Italy | 4:03.875 | |
| | Ashton Lambie | United States | 4:08.048 | +4.163 |
| Bronze medal race |||||
| | Corentin Ermenault | France | 4:09.921 | |
| 4 | Jonathan Milan | Italy | 4:13.167 | +3.146 |
# Freeman Thomas (disambiguation)

Freeman Thomas, car designer.

## Similar name

* Freeman Thomas (cricketer, born 1838), father of
* Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon, British politician and Viceroy of India
* Marie Freeman-Thomas, Marchioness of Willingdon
# Frederick Pawla

Frederick Alexander Pawla, (September 6, 1876 – December 18, 1964) a painter and muralist, was born in Wimbledon, England on September 6, 1876. He came to the United States as a boy and at 14 enlisted in the Navy and retired following World War I. He studied art in Europe and was active in New York City before moving to Santa Barbara, California in the 1920s. He exhibited locally and maintained a home there through the 1940s.
Pawla is well known for his public murals in California, including a 1929 commissioned by the Works Progress Administration for Burlingame High School in California. In 1931, Pawla returned to New York to pursue further commissions. Pawla was mostly active as an artist in California, but he also spent time in Australia and was a member of the Royal Art Society in New South Wales. Pawla lived out the last years of his life as a resident of Monterey, California before his death at Fort Ord, California on December 18, 1964. Pawla's most recognizable work is "Sailboat, Santa Barbara", which has been widely reproduced.
His work includes marines, coastal scenes, and landscapes. Member: Royal Art Society (New South Wales); Santa Barbara Art Ass'n; San Diego Artists Society; Santa Cruz Arts League.

## Exhibits

Santa Cruz Art League, 1929; Golden Gate International Expo, 1939. Murals: Burlingame (CA) High School; Dept. of Public Markets (NYC); Rainbow Room, Rockefeller Center (New York City); War Dept (Washington, DC); Cloister Hotel (Sea Island, GA); Surfside Hotel (Miami Beach).
# Procecidochares alani

Procecidochares alani is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Procecidochares.

## Distribution

The species is native to Mexico. Specimens have been introduced to Hawaii, New Zealand, and Australia as a biocontrol agent against Ageratina riparia. Larve of P. alani feed on the inside of the invasive plant, and cause stem galls to form, impeding growth.
P. alani was first introduced to Australia in 1987 as a biocontrol agent, but had limited success as it was soon effected by native parasitoid wasps.
# Procecidochares atra

Procecidochares atra is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Procecidochares of the family Tephritidae.
Its galls are most common on Solidago altissima, S. gigantea, S. rugosa.

## Distribution

Canada, United States, Mexico.
# Frome Rural District

Frome was a rural district in Somerset, England, from 1894 to 1974.
The district was created in 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894. It was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 when it became part of the district of Mendip.
The parishes which were part of the district included Beckington, Berkley, Buckland Dinham, Coleford, Frome, Great Elm, Hemington, Kilmersdon, Leigh on Mendip, Lullington, Mells, Norton St Philip, Nunney, Rode, Selwood, Tellisford, Trudoxhill, Upton Noble, Wanstrow, Whatley and Witham Friary.
# 2011 Bryant Bulldogs football team

The 2011 Bryant Bulldogs football team represented Bryant University as a member of the Northeast Conference (NEC) during the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by eighth-year head coach Marty Fine, the Bulldogs compiled an overall record of 7–4 with a mark of 5–3 in conference play, placing third in the NEC. Bryant played home games at Bulldog Stadium in Smithfield, Rhode Island.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | 5:00 p.m. | at Maine* | Alfond StadiumOrono, ME | L 13–28 | 6,041 |
| September 10 | 1:00 p.m. | American International* | Bulldog StadiumSmithfield, RI | W 27–16 | 1,671 |
| September 16 | 7:00 p.m. | at Sacred Heart | Campus FieldFairfield, CT | W 26–6 | 2,008 |
| September 24 | 1:00 p.m. | Wagner | Bulldog StadiumSmithfield, RI | W 30–28 | 4,217 |
| October 1 | 1:00 p.m. | at Duquesne | Arthur J. Rooney Athletic FieldPittsburgh, PA | L 28–31 | 2,212 |
| October 8 | 1:00 p.m. | Stonehill* | Bulldog StadiumSmithfield, RI | W 42–7 | 1,677 |
| October 15 | 1:00 p.m. | Monmouth | Bulldog StadiumSmithfield, RI | L 35–40 | 4,587 |
| October 22 | 12:00 p.m. | at Robert Morris | Joe Walton StadiumMoon Township, PA | W 34–27 | 1,932 |
| November 5 | 1:00 p.m. | at Albany | University FieldAlbany, NY | W 31–17 | 2,680 |
| November 12 | 12:00 p.m. | Saint Francis (PA) | Bulldog StadiumSmithfield, RI | W 45–34 | 1,476 |
| November 19 | 12:00 p.m. | Central Connecticut | Bulldog StadiumSmithfield, RI | L 21–42 | 1,812 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingAll times are in Eastern time ||||||