OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frederic (given name)

Frederic is a given name. For its origin, see Frederick. Notable persons with that name include:
In arts:
* Frederic William Burton (1816–1900), Irish painter and curator
* Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849), Polish composer and virtuoso pianist
* Frederic Edwin Church (1826–1900), American landscape painter
* Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton (1830–1896), English painter and sculptor
* Frederic Remington (1861–1909), American painter, illustrator, sculptor, and writer
* Frederic Storck (1872–1942), Romanian sculptor
* Frederic Matys Thursz (1930–1992), Moroccan painter, teacher
* Frederic Tuten (born 1936), American novelist, short story writer and essayist
In law:
* Frederic William Maitland (1850–1906), English jurist and historian
* Frederic Maugham, 1st Viscount Maugham (1866–1958), British lawyer and judge
In politics:
* Frederic Bennett (1918–2002), British politician
* Frederic René Coudert, Jr. (1898–1972), American politician from New York
* Frederic M. Sackett (1868–1941), American politician and diplomat from Kentucky
* Frederic C. Walcott (1869–1949), American politician from Connecticut
* Fredric Wise (1871–1928), British Conservative Party politician
In other fields:
* Frederic Charles Bartlett (1886–1969), British psychologist
* Frederic C. Billingsley (1921–2002), American engineer
* Frédéric Bourdillon (born 1991), French-Israeli basketball player in the Israel Basketball Premier League
* Frederic Lister Burk (1862–1924), Canadian-born American educator, university president, and educational theorist
* Frederic Charles Dreyer (1878–1956), officer of the Royal Navy
* Frederic Friedel (born 1945), German German chess player, publisher and businessman
* Frederic Gehring, American Catholic priest
* Frederic Hsieh (1945–1999), Chinese-American realtor and investor
* Frederic B. Ingram, American businessman whose jail sentence for bribery was commuted by President Jimmy Carter and who renounced his US citizenship
* Frederic North (1866–1921), Australian civil servant and sportsman
* Frédéric Saldmann (born 1953), French cardiologist and author of books on preventive medicine
* Frederic Walker (cricketer) (1829–1889), English cricketer
In fictional characters:
* Frederic, the pirate apprentice of Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Pirates of Penzance
* Frédéric François Chopin, protagonist in Eternal Sonata, based on the composer of the same name
* Frederic Henry, the protagonist of the novel A Farewell to Arms.
* King Frederic, a recurring character from Tangled: The Series who is ruler of the island kingdom of Corona and overprotective father of Rapunzel, its long-lost princess
# Battle of Los Angeles (disambiguation)

The Battle of Los Angeles was an anti-aircraft artillery barrage in February 1942 over Los Angeles, California, in response to a perceived attack on the continental United States by Imperial Japan, subsequently attributed to a case of "war nerves" likely triggered by a lost weather balloon.
Battle of Los Angeles may also refer to:

## Historical events

* Battle of Los Ángeles, a military action fought on March 22, 1880, between the Chilean and Peruvian armies during the Tacna and Arica Campaign of the War of the Pacific
* Siege of Los Angeles, which took place in August 1846 during the Mexican–American War
* 1992 Los Angeles riots, which occurred in April and May 1992 following the acquittal of police officers involved in the arrest and beating of Rodney King

## Entertainment

* The Battle of Los Angeles (album), a 1999 album by Rage Against the Machine
* Battle: Los Angeles, a 2011 science fiction and action film directed by South African filmmaker Jonathan Liebesman
** Battle of Los Angeles (film), a direct-to-DVD science-fiction film by independent film company The Asylum, based on the same concept
* The Battle for L.A.: Footsoldiers, Vol. 1, a 2004 documentary about rap battling in Los Angeles
* The title of ninth issue of The Champions, a comic book by Marvel Comics

## Sports events

* The Battle of Los Angeles (professional wrestling), an annual professional wrestling tournament held by Pro Wrestling Guerrilla
* A nickname for various sports rivalries, such as:
** El Tráfico, between the LA Galaxy and Los Angeles FC (soccer)
** Freeway Face-Off, between the Anaheim Ducks and Los Angeles Kings (ice hockey)
** Freeway Series, between the Los Angeles Angels and Los Angeles Dodgers (baseball)
** SuperClasico, between the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA (soccer)
** the Lakers–Clippers rivalry (basketball)
** the annual USC–UCLA football game (college football)

## Other

* "The Great Battle of Los Angeles", a painting by California artist Sandow Birk
# QTS Skills Tests

The professional skills tests, also known as the QTS Skills Tests, were computer-based tests in literacy and numeracy (and until 2012 also in ICT) which were required to be passed by anyone attempting to gain qualified teacher status (QTS) in England until March 2020. The tests must be passed before enrolling onto an initial teacher training course, such as the Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE), or the Bachelor of Education (BEd).
The goal of the tests is to "assess the core skills that teachers need to fulfil their professional role in schools, rather than the subject knowledge needed for teaching," and "to ensure all teachers are competent in numeracy and literacy, regardless of their specialism."

## Information about the tests

The literacy test focuses on spelling, punctuation, grammar and comprehension. The test questions are randomly selected from a bank of standardised questions. The overall difficulty of the test varies, and the passmark is adjusted accordingly.
The numeracy test starts off with a section of 12 mental arithmetic questions, each with a strict time limit, though paper working is allowed. These questions are spoken through headphones and do not appear on the computer screen. This is followed by a section of 16 more complex questions, displayed on the screen, involving interpretation of statistical data and graphs, and problem solving. For this section of the test an on-screen calculator is supplied.
Candidates are restricted to one attempt and two re-sits for each of the tests. If not successful after three attempts, a candidate can make a further attempts.
Candidates whose first language is not English, or who have a recognised special need (for example, dyslexia), are granted extra time to take the tests. Special arrangements are made in the case of visual or hearing impairment, or physical impairment.
Until April 2012 there was also an ICT skills test. The areas of Information and communications technology tested were word processing, spreadsheets, databases, e-mails, the Internet, and presentation software.

## Making arrangements to take the test

The tests are administered by learndirect and take place in learndirect test centres around England. The first attempt at each of the tests is free of charge, but learndirect charge a fee for re-sits.
The tests are conducted on computers in supervised environments. Candidates cannot take any materials, phones, watches, etc. into the test room. Paper is provided for doing mental calculations. The tests can be taken on the same day, or at different times depending on the availability of test slots.

## Skills tests in the wider United Kingdom

The professional skills tests are only required for initial teacher training in England. Teachers training in Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland do not have to take the tests. However a B grade in GCSE English and Maths is required in Wales, compared to a C grade in England.
# Gabelbach (Ilm)

Gabelbach is a small river of Thuringia, Germany. It joins the Ilm in Ilmenau.
# Alexandre Perregaux

Alexandre Perregaux (1 April 1749 – 21 May 1808) was a Swiss architect, goldsmith, and ivory carver. He is best known for his design of government buildings for the canton of Vaud, in Switzerland.

## Biography

Perregaux was born in Lausanne on April 1, 1749, to Jonas Perregaux, a carpenter from Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, and Marie-Françoise Bergier. After an apprenticeship as a goldsmith from 1761 to 1765, he completed his formation in Rome. He then returned to Lausanne, where he was active as an ivory carver in miniatures and medallions. Many of these ivory reliefs were then painted by Perregaux's daughter, Marie Ferrier-Perregaux.
He began his career as an architect in 1789, his first work being the Maison de Villamont, in Lausanne, a house built for himself between 1791 and 1793. In 1798, with the ascension of the Helvetic Republic, he was employed by the new government and entrusted with the maintenance of public buildings. After the Act of Mediation and the collapse of the republic in 1803, the Swiss Confederacy was restored but with new sovereign cantons, among them Vaud, formerly ruled as subject lands before the French invasion.
Perregaux was quickly commissioned by the new cantonal administration with the design of buildings that were to be used by the Vaudois government in Lausanne, among them the central Post Office, built between 1805 and 1807, and the building of the Grand Council of Vaud, built between 1803 and 1806. The latter housed the Grand Council since its inauguration until it was severely damaged by a fire in 2002. He also designed the first theatre of Lausanne, the Marterey, inaugurated in 1805 and later replaced in 1871.

## Gallery
### Works

* Maison de Villamont, Perregaux's house in Lausanne (completed in 1793)
* The facade of the Grand Council building, which survived the 2002 fire that damaged most of the structure (completed in 1806)
* Campagne du Désert, a Cultural Property of Regional Significance, in Lausanne
# Ashtabula Township

Ashtabula Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Ashtabula Township, Barnes County, North Dakota
* Ashtabula Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio
# Fuente de Pedro Naharro

Fuente de Pedro Naharro is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 1,211.
# After Sundown

After Sundown may refer to:
* After Sundown (1911 film), an Australian film
* After Sundown (2006 film), an American film
* After Sundown (2023 film), a Thai film
# Private Network-to-Network Interface

The Private Network-to-Network Interface (PNNI) is a link-state routing protocol used in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. PNNI is similar to the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) used for IP routing.
PNNI is a suite of network protocols that can be used to discover an ATM network topology, create a database of topology information, and route calls over the discovered topology. PNNI is a link-state routing protocol, which means that the protocol collects information about the current state of links and nodes in the network to build a network database. The PNNI network database can be used to determine the network structure and the current state of network components. To build the PNNI network database, each PNNI node must receive topology information from all the other devices in the network. To keep the database current, the node must receive regular updates from other nodes.
The PNNI protocol communicates the state of a PNNI network in PNNI Topology State Elements (PTSEs). PTSEs are discrete messages that contain information about one of the following types of network components:
* PNNI nodes
* Reachable addresses
* PNNI links between nodes
To enable communications with other nodes, each switch needs to have all the PTSE information for each switch in the network. Each node is responsible for flooding out its own PTSE information to all the other switches in the network.
Since up-to-date PTSE information is required for optimal routing decisions to be made, there are several different mechanisms in place to help ensure that all nodes have reasonably accurate PTSE information. The five common reasons for updating PTSEs are as follows:
* Resources administratively added, removed or altered on a node.
* Resource failure such as a loss of signal (LOS) on a link.
* A significant change in link resources due to virtual circuits (VCs) routing or derouting.
* Periodic updates defined by the PTSE refresh and PTSE lifetime interval timers.
* A processor switch module (PXM) switchover.
PTSE information is passed between nodes using PNNI topology state packets (PTSPs). These packets utilize the routing control channel (RCC; VPI = 0 and VCI = 18) between adjacent nodes. The RCC is also used for Hello packets and other PNNI messages. If the switch is unable to establish the RCC with the adjacent node, then PTSE information is not exchanged. Once a node receives PTSE information, the node stores the contents, or element information, in the database. This information is used to generate precomputed routing tables that identify routes to other network devices. PNNI uses the Dijkstra's algorithm for shortest path first (SPF) calculation. The PNNI database is also used to perform on-demand routing when the appropriate routing table does not contain a viable path.
PNNI measures line capacities and delays in addition to simple cost metrics.
# AKZO Chemie BV v Commission

AKZO Chemie BV v Commission (1991) C-62/86 is an EU competition law case, concerning monopoly and abuse of a dominant position through predatory pricing.

## Facts

Akzo Chemie BV manufactured chemicals, including benzonyl peroxide. This is used for bleaching flour and plastics. A competitor, ECS, originally sold benzonyl peroxide in the flour sector but was expanding into plastics. Akzo did not want it to expand into plastics, and threatened ECS to sell at lower prices to its flour customers, while maintaining a higher price for its regular customers. Internal documents showed Akzo had the intention to undercut their competitors and it did other things too aimed at drawing customers away from ECS, to persuade it to withdraw from plastics. Commission fined €10m fines for violating TFEU art 102. The market was organic peroxides (not Akzo's proposed wider definition), Akzo was dominant presumptively with over 50% and it had remained steady from 1979 to 1982.

## Judgment

ECJ held that Akzo had engaged in predatory pricing, and that a market share over 50% created a presumption of dominance.
   60 With regard to market shares the Court has held that very large shares are in themselves, and save in exceptional circumstances, evidence of the existence of a dominant position (judgment in Case 85/76 Hoffman-La Roche v Commission [1979] ECR 461, paragraph 41). That is the situation where there is a market share of 50% such as that found to exist in this case.
   71 Prices below average variable costs (that is to say, those which vary depending on the quantities produced) by means of which a dominant undertaking seeks to eliminate a competitor must be regarded as abusive. A dominant undertaking has no interest in applying such prices except that of eliminating competitors so as to enable it subsequently to raise its prices by taking advantage of its monopolistic position, since each sale generates a loss, namely the total amount of the fixed costs (that is to say, those which remain constant regardless of the quantities produced) and, at least, part of the variable costs relating to the unit produced.
   72 Moreover, prices below average total costs, that is to say, fixed costs plus variable costs, but above average variable costs, must be regarded as abusive if they are determined as part of a plan for eliminating a competitor. Such prices can drive from the market undertakings which are perhaps as efficient as the dominant undertaking but which, because of their smaller financial resources, are incapable of withstanding the competition waged against them.
# 6th Mounted Rifles

The 6th Mounted Rifles were a light cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. The regiment was formed 1 October 1910 in Erfurt.
# Athletics at the 1978 Commonwealth Games – Women's pentathlon

The women's pentathlon event at the 1978 Commonwealth Games was held on 6 August at the Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. This was the last time that this event was contested at the Commonwealth Games, four years later being replaced by the heptathlon.

## Results

The best mark for each event is highlighted. All five events were won by the gold medallist which as of 2024 is the only time this has happened in a women's pentathlon at a major championships.
The winning margin was 546 points which smashed the previous record of 111 points set in Edinburgh eight years earlier.
| Rank | Athlete | Nationality | 100m H | SP | HJ | LJ | 800m | Points | Notes |
| | Diane Jones-Konihowski | Canada | 13.85 | 14.87 | 1.88 | 6.41 | 2:12.1 | 4768 | GR |
| | Sue Mapstone | England | 14.17 | 11.32 | 1.75 | 6.06 | 2:19.3 | 4222 | |
| | Yvette Wray | England | 14.16 | 12.15 | 1.64 | 6.04 | 2:15.6 | 4211 | |
| 4 | Jill Ross | Canada | | | | | | 4205 | |
| 5 | Karen Page | New Zealand | | | | | | 4099 | |
| 6 | Ruth Howell | Wales | | | | | | 4022 | |
| 7 | Barbara Beable | New Zealand | | | | | | 3989 | |
| 8 | Julie White | Canada | | | | | | 3940 | |
| 9 | Wendy Phillips | Northern Ireland | | | | | | 3594 | |
| 10 | Jennifer Swanston | Barbados | | | | | | 3517 | |
| | Glynis Saunders | Australia | 14.45 | 11.34 | NM | DNS | – | DNF | |
# AMT AutoMag V

The AMT Auto Mag V is a large single action semi-automatic pistol made by Arcadia Machine and Tool (AMT). The weapon was created by Harry Sanford, inventor of the original .44 Auto Mag pistol.
Production quantity was planned to be 3000 units, numbered 0001-3000, but this goal was never reached. The MK V used the same frame as the MK IV, and pistols with MK V frames have been discovered with MK IV slides and vice versa.

## Design

The AMT Auto Mag V was designed to fire the .50 Action Express cartridge, and its barrel had compensator ports to help keep muzzle rise to tolerable levels. It was made primarily of cast stainless steel, and was designed to accept a 5-round magazine.
# Araluen-Wungong Important Bird Area

The Araluen-Wungong Important Bird Area is a 123 km$^2$ tract of land in the Darling Ranges on the south-eastern fringe of the city of Perth, Western Australia. The name derives from the Araluen Botanic Park within the Important Bird Area (IBA), and the adjacent suburb of Wungong. It is an important site for black cockatoos.

## Description

The boundaries of the IBA are defined by the presence of blocks of native vegetation larger than 1 ha within a 6 km foraging radius of known non-breeding season roost sites for the black cockatoos. It consists of all such remnant habitat in water catchments, state forests, nature reserves and private land. It includes the Canning National Park and part of the Pickering Brook National Park. Agricultural land is excluded. Threats to the IBA include feral honeybees and illegal shooting by private landowners.

## Birds

The site has been identified as an IBA by BirdLife International because it supports at least 1480 long-billed black cockatoos, and up to 450 short-billed black cockatoos, during the non-breeding season at roosts within range of feeding habitat. The forest redtail subspecies of the red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso) is a breeding resident. The IBA also contains populations of red-capped parrots, western rosellas, rufous treecreepers, red-winged fairywrens, western spinebills, western thornbills, western yellow and white-breasted robins, and red-eared firetails.
# Aert Schouman

Aert Schouman or Aart Schouman (4 March 1710 – 5 July 1792) was an 18th-century painter, now better known as a glass engraver, from the Dutch Republic.
Schouman was born in Dordrecht. When 15 years old he served as apprentice to the Dordrecht artist Adriaan van der Burg, along with Cornelis Greenwood, the son of his teacher for glass engraving, Frans Greenwood, inventor of the stipple style, which Schouman also worked in. Schouman was unusual among painters in that he kept a detailed diary of his professional life from 16 October 1733 to 16 November 1753. He took on his first art pupil in 1733 and continued teaching for the rest of his life. From 1742 until 1792 he was head of the Dordrecht Guild of St. Luke, and in 1751 he became regent of the Hague drawing school associated with the Confrerie Pictura of The Hague. In 1736 he founded the "Brotherhood" of the Confrerie in The Hague, a fraternity of amateur art lovers from Dordrecht and environs, of which he was headman during the years 1752–1762.
Schouman was a leading artist in Zeeland between 1735 and 1785. During that period he lived and worked in Dordrecht, The Hague and Middelburg and taught pupils in Dordrecht and The Hague. He travelled to England twice and assembled an important collection of paintings. He was a prolific and versatile Dutch painter, glass engraver, printmaker, collector and dealer, who produced still lifes, biblical and mythological themes, natural history studies, genre, historical and topographical works, portraits, sketches, etchings and mezzotints. He designed tapestries, painted wall-hangings and decorated objects such as fans, snuffboxes and even the glass windows of a magic lantern. His pupils were Wouter Dam, Jabes Heenck, Dirk Kuipers, Pieter Willem van Megen, Nicolaes Muys, Jan van Os Joris Ponse, Martinus Schouman (his grandnephew), Jan Willem Snoek, Rutger Moens Taats, Wouter Uiterlimmige, Wilhelmus Vincentius, Jacobus Vonck, and Daniël Vrijdag. He died in The Hague, aged 82.
His painting of Cornelis van Lill [nl], the Dordrecht art collector and Maecenas, gives an insight into the relationship between artist and patron.
# Private Number (The Jets song)

"Private Number" is a song recorded by the pop band The Jets. It features on their 1985 debut album, The Jets and was released as the third single from the album in 1986.

## Music video

The music video for "Private Number" opens with someone dialing a telephone number in a phone booth. The Jets are then seen singing in an alley, and in front of an empty phone booth. At the end of the video, a piece of paper tumbles by, with a phone number written on it: 612-420-3226. For some time after this video was released, fans could call the "private number" and listen to pre-recorded messages from members of the Jets; lucky callers could even speak live to members.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 47 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 28 |
# Baudino

Baudino is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gael Baudino (born 1955), American fantasy author
* Lucrezia Baudino (born 2001), Italian rower
* Stefano Baudino (born 1963), Italian cyclist