OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alex Urban

Alexander William Urban (July 16, 1917 – September 7, 2007) was an American football defensive end and a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Green Bay Packers. Urban played collegiately at the University of South Carolina, and entered the NFL with the Green Bay Packers. Urban played professionally in 1941, and after fighting in World War II, played 2 more seasons with the Packers before retiring.
# 2018 South American Games

The 2018 South American Games was a multi-sport event that took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia. It was the 11th edition of the ODESUR South American Games.
A total of 373 sporting events are scheduled to be contested across a variety of sports.

## Background

Bolivia, Venezuela and Peru submitted a bid to ODESUR to become host. Following a unanimous decision, the organization awarded it to the city of Cochabamba, as the other cities Lima and Puerto La Cruz withdrew their candidacies.

## Participating nations

14 countries competed at the games.
* Argentina (534 athletes)
* Aruba (10)
* Bolivia (617) (hosts)
* Brazil (316)
* Chile (449)
* Colombia (461)
* Ecuador (234)
* Guyana (11)
* Panama (55)
* Paraguay (252)
* Peru (447)
* Suriname (13)
* Uruguay (217)
* Venezuela (394)

## Sports

* Aquatics
** Diving (7) (details)
** Open water swimming (2) (details)
** Swimming (32) (details)
** Synchronized swimming (2) (details)
** Water polo (1) (details)
* Archery (10) (details)
* Athletics (45) (details)
* Badminton (6) (details)
* Basketball (details)
** Basketball (2)
** 3x3 Basketball (2)
* Basque pelota (5) (details)
* Bowling (4) (details)
* Boxing (13) (details)
* Canoeing (12) (details)
* Cycling (details)
** BMX racing (2)
** Mountain biking (2)
** Road (4)
** Track (12)
* Equestrian (2) (details)
* Fencing (12) (details)
* Field hockey (2) (details)
* Football (2) (details)
* Futsal (2) (details)
* Golf (3) (details)
* Gymnastics (details)
** Artistic gymnastics (14)
** Rhythmic gymnastics (8)
** Trampoline (2)
* Handball (2) (details)
* Judo (14) (details)
* Karate (12) (details)
* Modern pentathlon (3) (details)
* Racquetball (6) (details)
* Roller sports (details)
** Figure Skating (2)
** Speed Skating (10)
* Rowing (14) (details)
* Rugby sevens (2) (details)
* Sailing (5) (details)
* Shooting (15) (details)
* Squash (7) (details)
* Table tennis (7) (details)
* Taekwondo (8) (details)
* Tennis (5) (details)
* Triathlon (3) (details)
* Volleyball
** Beach volleyball (2) (details)
** Volleyball (2) (details)
* Water skiing (10) (details)
* Weightlifting (16) (details)
* Wrestling (details)
** Freestyle (12)
** Greco-Roman (6)

## Medal table

* Host nation (Host nation)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Colombia (COL) | 94 | 74 | 71 | 239 |
| 2 | Brazil (BRA) | 90 | 58 | 56 | 204 |
| 3 | Venezuela (VEN) | 43 | 59 | 55 | 157 |
| 4 | Argentina (ARG) | 42 | 60 | 63 | 165 |
| 5 | Chile (CHI) | 38 | 34 | 60 | 132 |
| 6 | Ecuador (ECU) | 25 | 17 | 52 | 94 |
| 7 | Peru (PER) | 22 | 29 | 41 | 92 |
| 8 | Paraguay (PAR) | 6 | 10 | 14 | 30 |
| 9 | Uruguay (URU) | 5 | 10 | 17 | 32 |
| 10 | Bolivia (BOL)* | 4 | 15 | 15 | 34 |
| 11 | Panama (PAN) | 2 | 4 | 4 | 10 |
| 12 | Suriname (SUR) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 13 | Aruba (ARU) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 14 | Guyana (GUY) | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| Totals (14 entries) | Totals (14 entries) | 373 | 373 | 454 | 1,200 |
# 2017 İstanbul Cup

The 2017 İstanbul Cup (also known as the TEB BNP Paribas İstanbul Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 10th edition of the İstanbul Cup, and part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2017 WTA Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey, from 24 April through 30 April 2017.

## Points and prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Women's singles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 30 | 1 | 18 | 12 | 1 |
| Women's doubles | 280 | 180 | 110 | 60 | 1 | — | — | — | — |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Women's singles | $43,000 | $21,400 | $11,500 | $6,175 | $3,400 | $2,100 | $1,020 | $600 |
| Women's doubles | $12,300 | $6,400 | $3,435 | $1,820 | $960 | — | — | — |

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| UKR | Elina Svitolina | 13 | 1 |
| HUN | Tímea Babos | 30 | 2 |
| ROU | Irina-Camelia Begu | 33 | 3 |
| CAN | Eugenie Bouchard | 58 | 4 |
| ROU | Sorana Cîrstea | 62 | 5 |
| BEL | Elise Mertens | 66 | 6 |
| BUL | Tsvetana Pironkova | 70 | 7 |
| GER | Andrea Petkovic | 75 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of April 17, 2017.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Ayla Aksu
* İpek Soylu
* Dayana Yastremska
The following player received entry as a special exempt:
* Markéta Vondroušová
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Alexandra Cadanțu
* Başak Eraydın
* Fiona Ferro
* Viktoria Kamenskaya
* Elizaveta Kulichkova
* Conny Perrin
The following players received entry as a lucky loser:
* Anna Kalinskaya

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Lara Arruabarrena → replaced by Sara Sorribes Tormo
* Vania King → replaced by Chang Kai-chen
* Magda Linette → replaced by Kateryna Kozlova
* Yulia Putintseva → replaced by Çağla Büyükakçay
* Patricia Maria Țig → replaced by Maryna Zanevska
* Markéta Vondroušová → replaced by Anna Kalinskaya
* Wang Qiang → replaced by Sara Errani

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| TPE | Hsieh Su-wei | TUR | İpek Soylu | 124 | 1 |
| ARG | María Irigoyen | POL | Paula Kania | 142 | 2 |
| JPN | Nao Hibino | MNE | Danka Kovinić | 148 | 3 |
| USA | Nicole Melichar | BEL | Elise Mertens | 155 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of April 17, 2017.

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
* Ayla Aksu / Dayana Yastremska
* Pemra Özgen / Melis Sezer

## Champions
### Singles

* Elina Svitolina def. Elise Mertens, 6–2, 6–4

### Doubles

* Dalila Jakupović / Nadiia Kichenok def. Nicole Melichar / Elise Mertens, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 6–2
# Finland at the 1984 Winter Paralympics

Finland competed at the 1984 Winter Paralympics held in Innsbruck, Austria. Thirty competitors (24 men and 6 women) from Finland won 34 medals, including 19 gold, 9 silver and 6 bronze medals. Finland finished 2nd in the medal table.

## Alpine skiing

Two athletes competed in alpine skiing:
* Kari Laakkonen competed in the Men's Downhill LW5/7 and Men's Giant Slalom LW5/7 events.
* Kari Tarvasaho competed in the Men's Downhill LW4 and Men's Giant Slalom LW4 events.

## Cross-country skiing

* Jouko Grip Men's Middle Distance 20 km LW6/8
* Jouko Grip, Veikko Jantunen, Kimmo Kettunen, Heikki Miettinen Men's 4x5 km Relay LW2-9
* Jouko Grip Men's Short Distance 10 km LW6/8
* Alli Hatva Women's Middle Distance 10 km LW6/8
* Alli Hatva Women's Short Distance 5 km LW6/8
* Veikko Jantunen Men's Short Distance 5 km LW4
* Samuli Kaemi Men's Middle Distance 10 km LW2
* Kyllikki Luhtapuro Women's Short Distance 5 km B2
* Liisa Maekelae Women's Short Distance 5 km LW4
* Kirsti Pennanen Women's Middle Distance 10 km B1
* Kirsti Pennanen Women's Short Distance 5 km B1
* Pertti Sankilampi Men's Short Distance 5 km LW2
* Samuli Kaemi Men's Short Distance 5 km LW2
* Samuli Kaemi, Lauri Moilanen, Pertti Sankilampi, Erkki Seppaenen Men's 4x5 km Relay LW2-9
* Ismo Alanko, Martti Juntunen, Mauno Sulisalo, Teuvo Talmia Men's 4x10 km Relay B1-2
* Martti Juntunen Men's Middle Distance 10 km B1
* Martti Juntunen Men's Short Distance 10 km B1
* Kimmo Kettunen Men's Short Distance 10 km LW6/8
* Kyllikki Luhtapuro Women's Middle Distance 10 km B2
* Liisa Maekelae Women's Middle Distance 10 km LW4
* Pertti Sankilampi Men's Middle Distance 10 km LW2
* Tarja Hovinen Women's Short Distance 5 km B2
* Veikko Jantunen Men's Middle Distance 10 km LW4
* Heikki Miettinen Men's Short Distance 10 km LW6/8
* Ari Mustonen Men's Short Distance 5 km LW2
* Tauno Seppaenen Men's Middle Distance 10 km LW2
* Mauno Sulisalo Men's Middle Distance 10 km B1

## Ice sledge speed racing

The medalists are:
* Lahja Haemaelaeinen Women's 100 m grade I
* Lahja Haemaelaeinen Women's 300 m grade I
* Lahja Haemaelaeinen Women's 500 m grade I
* Lahja Haemaelaeinen Women's 700 m grade I
* Veikko Puputti Men's 300 m grade I
* Veikko Puputti Men's 500 m grade I
* Veikko Puputti Men's 700 m grade I
# Qualea tessmannii

Qualea tessmannii is a species of tree that is part of the family Vochysiaceae. It mainly grows In wet tropical climates and can be found in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru.
# Apatelodes martia

Apatelodes martia is a moth in the family Apatelodidae. It is found in Brazil.
# Apatelodes lacetania

Apatelodes lacetania is a moth in the family Apatelodidae. It is found in Mexico.
# Fred Erskine

Frederick T. Erskine is an American bass guitarist best known as a member of the band Hoover. In addition to being a member of multiple groups from the D.C. area, such as The Crownhate Ruin and The Sorts, he also played with the Louisville band, June of 44.

## Biography

Frederick T. Erskine began his foray into music at the age of four when he started learning to play violin. He began expanding his musical palette and soon picked up playing the piano until he settled on learning the trumpet when he was eight. In November 1987, Erskine had begun performing vocals for a punk band which led to him picking up the bass.
# Fred Allen (disambiguation)

Fred Allen (1894–1956) was an American comedian.
Fred Allen or Frederick Allen may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Frederick Warren Allen (1888–1961), American sculptor
* Fred Allen (film editor) (1896–1955), American film editor
* Fred Allen (set designer) (1942–2007), Canadian set designer and artist

## Politics and law

* Fred E. Allen (1855–1935), American merchant and member of the New York State Assembly
* Frederick Hobbes Allen (1858–1937), American lawyer and soldier
* Fred J. Allen (1865–1917), American politician and lawyer
* Frederick Allen (Maine politician) (1914–2001), American politician from Maine
* Frederic W. Allen (1926–2016), American jurist, chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court
* Fred Allen (Arkansas politician) (fl. 2000s–2010s), American politician in the Arkansas House of Representatives

## Sports

* Frederick W. Allen (1844–1927), South Australian racehorse owner and breeder
* Fred Allen (footballer) (1860–c. 1926), English footballer
* Fred Allen (athlete) (1890–1964), American track and field athlete
* Fred Allen (rugby union) (1920–2012), rugby player and coach from New Zealand
* Fred Allen (cricketer) (born 1935), English cricketer

## Others

* Fred Hovey Allen (1845–1926), American theologian
* Frederick Madison Allen (1879–1964), American doctor who treated diabetes
* Frederick Lewis Allen (1890–1954), American magazine editor and historian
* Frederic de Forest Allen (1844–1897), American classical scholar
# Edessa Province

Edessa Province was one of the three provinces of Pella Prefecture of Greece. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Edessa and Skydra (except the municipal unit Meniida). It was abolished in 2006.
# Edessa Waterfalls

The Edessa Waterfalls or Edessis Waterfalls (Greek: Καταρράκτες της Έδεσσας) are located in Edessa city in Macedonia, Greece. The falls are a natural phenomenon that arose after a strong earthquake that struck the surrounding area in the 14th century. Since then, many changes have taken place in their morphology due to earthquakes of smaller scale.
The main source of these waterfalls is the wetland of Agra-Nissiou, from which flows the main river, Edessaios. Edessaios branches are the waterfalls. Furthermore, the Geopark of the Falls spreads over an area of over 100,000sqm and on a path on the rock for 1.1 km.
The waterfalls are the main attraction of visitors to Edessa. There are twelve waterfalls in the area, of which four are easily visible.
The paths of the Waterfall Park include the stone-paved path to Ancient Edessa through the plain of the city. This passage was a part of the ancient Egnatia road linking Ancient Edessa, the Acropolis of Edessa (Varosi district) and Thessaloniki until the beginning of the 20th century.

## History
### Formation

The waterfalls of Edessa were formed in the 14th century after a geological or weather phenomenon. Initially, the bulk of the water was held in a basin west of the city. Later, the waters began to pass through the city and started falling spectacularly from the high rocks resulting in the creation of many small rivers and waterfalls.

### Industrial exploitation

At the end of the 19th century several factories were built on the rock of the city as waterfalls could be used to produce electricity without cost. Altogether, five large textile factories and several labs and tanneries were erected. Each factory used a waterfall to achieve production and create an autonomous electricity system.

### Tourism

After World War II and the re-establishment of the municipality of Edessa, the waterfall area passed into the hands of the state. The Municipality recruited collaborators and gardeners to redevelop and highlight the area, and large gardens and paths were constructed. The works were completed in 1953. A municipal restaurant called "POINTS" was set up on the islet between the two big waterfalls. In 1960s, paths and signs were constructed to allow the visitor to approach safely.
Since 2003, the waterfalls are illuminated in the rainbow colors during the night.
# Education in Fairfield, Connecticut

Fairfield, Connecticut has a total of 16 public schools. There are a total of seven private elementary schools, two private high schools, and two private universities located in Fairfield.

## Fairfield public schools

Fairfield's public schools are governed by a large administrative body, as well as a nine-member elected Board of Education.

### Elementary schools

* Burr Elementary School - Established 2004
* Holland Hill School
* Jennings School - Established 1967
* McKinley School
* Mill Hill School - Established 1956, Reopened 1991
* North Stratfield School
* Osborn Hill School - Established 1957, Closed 1981, Reopened 1997.
* Riverfield School - Established 1962
* Roger Sherman School
* Stratfield School
* Timothy Dwight Schools

### Middle schools

* Fairfield Woods Middle School - Established 1955 as Fairfield Woods School
* Roger Ludlowe Middle School - Established 1998
* Tomlinson Middle School

### High schools

* Fairfield Ludlowe High School - Roger Ludlowe Senior High School Closed 1987, Reopened 2004 as FLHS
* Fairfield Warde High School - Established 1956 as Andrew Warde Senior High School

## Private and parochial schools
### Primary schools

* Eagle Hill - Southport
* Fairfield Country Day School
* Hillel Academy
* Holy Family School - closed by the Diocese of Bridgeport at the end of the 2009-2010 academic year
* Our Lady of the Assumption School
* Pear Tree Point School
* St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic School
* The Unquowa School

### Secondary schools

* Fairfield College Preparatory School, located on the campus of Fairfield University
* Notre Dame Catholic High School

## Universities

* Fairfield University
* Sacred Heart University
# François Vincent Latil

François Vincent Mathieu Latil (born 2 February 1796 in Aix-en-Provence - deceased on 4 March 1890 in Saint-Girons), was a French painter.

## Biography

In 1818 he joined the École des Beaux-Arts. He then went on to study in Paris, with teachers such as Antoine-Jean Gros and Paulin Guérin.
He received a second-class medal from the Salon in 1827 (for Jésus guérit un possédé), and a first-class medal in 1841 (for Episode de l'Histoire des naufrages).
He is perhaps best known for his historical and religious portraits.
# 2436 Hatshepsut

2436 Hatshepsut /hætˈʃɛpsʊt/, provisional designation 6066 P-L, is a Hygiean asteroid from the outer asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Cornelis van Houten, Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory on 24 September 1960. It was named for pharaoh Hatshepsut.

## Orbit and characterization

Hatshepsut is a member of the Hygiea family (601), a very large family of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids, named after the fourth-largest asteroid, 10 Hygiea. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,072 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. Its orbit is only slightly eccentric and not much inclined to the ecliptic. The asteroid rotates around its axis every 9 hours.

## Survey designation

The survey designation "P-L" stands for Palomar–Leiden, named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroid discoveries.

## Naming

This minor planet named after the only female pharaoh to reign over ancient Egypt, Hatshepsut. The approved naming citation was published on 22 September 1983 (M.P.C. 8153).
# 2024 Charity Cup

The 2024 Charity Cup was the 20th Charity Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's New Zealand National League and Chatham Cup competitions. It took place at Martin Luckie Park on 3 March 2024. This was the first edition since the introduction of the National League in 2021. As the home side, Wellington Olympic selected Heart Kids New Zealand as their charity.
Wellington Olympic won the game 3–0 winning their first Charity Cup. Christchurch United lost for their second time since the inaugural NZFA Challenge Trophy in 1978.
The match was live streamed for free on FIFA+ and New Zealand Football's YouTube channel.
Auckland City were the defending champions, but they did not qualify for this edition, having failed to win either the National League or Chatham Cup.

## Background

Wellington Olympic qualified for the 2024 Charity Cup as winners of the 2023 National League, beating Auckland City in the final. As winners of the National League, Wellington Olympic were assigned as the home team.
Christchurch United were the first side to qualify after winning the Chatham Cup on penalties against Melville United to claim their record-equaling seventh title.

## Match
### Summary

In the 33rd minute Gavin Hoy headed the ball back across the box for Ben Mata to head Wellington Olympic into the lead. Hamish Watson doubled Wellington's lead in the 50th minute heading the ball past Steven Van Dijk. Joel Coustrain sealed the game in the 75th minute with his first touch of the game. Matt Brazier was sent off in the 86th minute for an off the ball incident.

### Details

| Wellington Olympic | Christchurch United |
| GK | 1 | Scott Basalaj |
| RB | 20 | Tamupiwa Dimairo |
| CB | 5 | Justin Gulley |
| CB | 15 | Ben Mata (c) | | 58' |
| LB | 3 | Adam Supyk |
| DM | 6 | Tor Davenport-Petersen | 38' | 69' |
| LW | 26 | Kaelin Nguyen |
| CM | 23 | Gavin Hoy |
| CM | 9 | Hamish Watson | | 76' |
| RW | 14 | Jack-Henry Sinclair | | 58' |
| CF | 10 | Oliver Colloty | | 46' |
| Substitutes: ||
| DF | 2 | Gabriele Matanisiga | | 58' |
| DF | 18 | Luke Tongue | | 69' |
| MF | 25 | Joel Coustrain | | 74' |
| FW | 11 | Kailan Gould | 80' | 46' |
| FW | 17 | Jonty Roubos | | 58' |
| Manager: ||
| Paul Ifill ||
| GK | 1 | Steven van Dijk |
| RB | 17 | Joel Peterson | | 61' |
| CB | 6 | Riley Grover |
| CB | 4 | Kaleb De Groot-Green |
| LB | 3 | Michael Hornsby |
| DM | 7 | Ta Eh Doe | 64' | 70' |
| RW | 11 | David Yoo | | 46' |
| CM | 10 | Eric Imachi Sugahara | | 76' |
| CM | 20 | Daniel Meyn | | 70' |
| LW | 15 | Joel Stevens (c) |
| CF | 9 | Matt Brazier | 86' |
| Substitutes: ||
| MF | 5 | Zachary Bennett | | 70' |
| MF | 8 | Waisea Henry | | 76' |
| MF | 18 | Thomas Chao | | 70' |
| MF | 21 | Rico Pradhan | | 61' |
| FW | 23 | Jackson Cole | | 46' |
| Manager: ||
| Ryan Edwards ||
| Assistant referees: Ashton Davenport Cameron Gruschow Fourth official: Chris Bennett | Match rules 90 minutes Penalty shoot-out if scores still level Five named substitutes, of which all five may be used in three windows |
# AppleSingle and AppleDouble formats

AppleSingle Format and AppleDouble Format are file formats developed by Apple Computer to store Mac OS "dual-forked" files on the Unix filesystem being used in A/UX, the Macintosh platform's first Unix-like operating system. AppleSingle combined both file forks and the related Finder meta-file information into a single file, whereas AppleDouble stored them as two separate files. Support for the formats was later added to Unix software such as NFS and MAE, but they saw little use outside this small market.
AppleSingle is similar in concept to the more popular MacBinary format, in that the resource and data forks are combined with a header containing the Finder information. In fact, the format is so similar, it seemed there was no reason why Apple did not simply use MacBinary instead, which by that point was widely known and used. Some not-so-obvious reasons are explained in an Internet Draft. The format was later assigned the MIME type application/applefile.
AppleDouble leaves the data fork in its original format, allowing it to be edited by normal Unix utilities. The resource fork and Finder information, both proprietary and lacking editors under Unix, were combined into a second file. A MIME type was also assigned to AppleDouble, multipart/appledouble. For sending to an AppleDouble un-aware system, the file was generally encoded using Base64, as opposed to being converted to AppleSingle.

## Usage

Before Mac OS X, AppleSingle and Double had little presence in the Mac market, due largely to the small market share of A/UX. Nevertheless, they did force various file compression vendors to add support for the formats, and confuse future MacBinary versions.
Mac OS X revived the use of AppleDouble; on file systems such as NFS and WebDAV that do not natively support resource forks, Finder information, or extended attributes, that information is stored in AppleDouble format, with the second file having a name generated by prepending "._" to the name of the first file (thus, this information acts as a hidden file when viewed from a non-Apple Unix-based operating system). The files are sometimes moved to a separate directory called .AppleDouble. Metadata separation is also done in the OS X 10.3+ Finder Zip compression and the command line ditto utility, with a copy of the AppleDouble metadata stored in a __MACOSX directory.

## Manipulation

Unwanted "._" files can be removed using dot_clean -m on Mac OS X. Doing so also merges AppleDouble metadata with the corresponding files. AppleDouble files can be manually created through creative abuse of ditto (which is AppleDouble-aware) and unzip (which is not).
On other systems, the ad command and a Perl script called apple_dump can be used to view AppleDouble data. Both are part of Netatalk.
The macOS system provides a set of copyfile library functions that allows for packing and unpacking AppleSingle and AppleDouble files in C.