OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pomaderris oblongifolia

Pomaderris oblongifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to eastern Victoria. It is a slender shrub with densely hairy young stems, oblong to narrowly egg-shaped leaves and panicles of hairy, greenish to deep maroon flowers.

## Description

Pomaderris oblongifolia is a slender shrub that typically grows to a height of 1–2.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 8 ft 2 in), its young stems densely covered with soft, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are oblong to narrowly egg-shaped, 20–60 mm (0.79–2.36 in) long and 6–15 mm (0.24–0.59 in) wide with egg-shaped stipules 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long at the base, but that fall off as the leaf develops. The upper surface of the leaves is mostly glabrous and the lower surface is densely covered with soft greyish or rust-coloured, star-shaped hairs. The flowers are borne on or near the ends of branchlets in pyramid-shaped panicles 10–50 mm (0.39–1.97 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 1–3.5 mm (0.039–0.138 in) long. The flowers are greenish to deep maroon and covered with hairs similar to those on the leaves. The petal-like sepals are 1.2–1.7 mm (0.047–0.067 in) long but there are no petals. Flowering occurs from November to January.

## Taxonomy

Pomaderris oblongifolia was first formally described in 1990 by Neville Grant Walsh in the journal Muelleria from specimens collected near Buchan in 1988. The specific epithet (oblongifolia) refers to the characteristic oblong leaf shape.

## Distribution and habitat

This pomaderris grows in gorges of the Snowy River between McKillops Bridge and Buchan, and in gorges on the nearby Little River in eastern Victoria.
# Glycine (data page)

The complete data for Glycine (v) :
* Database data |
* SMILES: NCC(=O)O InChI=1/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)/f/h4H  ATC: N/A CAS: [56-40-6] DrugBank: N/A EINECS: 200-272-2  PubChem: 750 |
* Physical properties |
* Structure Crystal data Spectral dataUV-Vis IR NMR MS - Masses of main fragments: GMD MS SpectrumPhase behavior Solid properties ρ$_{solid}$: 1.607 g.cm$^{−3}$ T$_m$: 290 °C Liquid properties Gas properties |
* Hazard properties |
* MSDS N/AMain hazards:- N/ANFPA 704Flash point- N/ARTECS number: N/A |
* Chemical properties |
* XLogP: -3.415 pI: 5.97pK$_a$: =2.34; 9.58Tautomers: Hydrogen bond: donor - 2 ;  acceptor - 3 |
* Pharmacological properties |
* view
* Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
* Reliability of data general note.
# Aristotelia vicana

Aristotelia vicana is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1917. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is 10–11 mm. The forewings are light grey irrorated (sprinkled) with dark fuscous and with oblique dark fuscous bars from the costa at one-sixth and one-third terminated by black marks on the fold, the space between these suffused with white. There is a fascia of irregular white suffusion crossing the wing in the middle. The discal stigmata are black, the second forming an elongate mark, edged beneath by an elongate yellow-ochreous spot. There is an inwardly oblique triangular white spot on the costa at four-fifths, and a mark on tornus sometimes connected with it. Some undefined ochreous marking is found before the tornus and along the termen and there are two or three white margmal dots around the apex. The hindwings are grey.
# Edward Buckingham (disambiguation)

Edward Buckingham (born 1948) was Attorney General of the Northern Mariana Islands from 2009 to 2012.
Edward Buckingham may also refer to:
* Edward T. Buckingham (1874–1942), mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut
* Ed Buckingham (fl. 2007–2011), politician in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
* Eddie Buckingham, character in the Australian television show Neighbours
# Pterygium unguis

Pterygium unguis (or dorsal pterygium$^{:660}$) forms as a result of scarring between the proximal nailfold and matrix, with the classic example being lichen planus, though it has been reported to occur as a result of sarcoidosis and Hansen's disease.
# Gothangam railway station

Gothangam railway station is a small railway station on the Western Railway network in the state of Gujarat, India. It serves Gothangam village. Gothangam railway station is 10 km from Surat. Passenger and MEMU trains halt here.
# Anson Rogers Graves

Anson Rogers Graves (April 13, 1842 – December 30, 1931) was the first bishop of the Missionary District of Western Nebraska in The Episcopal Church.

## Biography

Anson Rogers Graves was born in Wells, Vermont on April 13, 1842.
Anson Rogers Graves was consecrated as an Episcopal Church bishop to the Missionary Diocese of The Plate (Western Nebraska) on January 1, 1890, by Daniel Sylvester Tuttle and others. He resigned in 1910.
He was the father of college football player and coach Eliot Graves.
He died at his home in La Mesa, California on December 30, 1931.
# Gilbertiola

Gilbertiola is a genus of snout and bark beetles in the family Brachyceridae. There are at least two described species in Gilbertiola.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Gilbertiola:
* Gilbertiola helferi (Gilbert, 1956)
* Gilbertiola schusteri (Gilbert, 1956)
# Glycine C-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a glycine C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
    acetyl-CoA + glycine $\rightleftharpoons$ CoA + 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and glycine, whereas its two products are CoA and 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase, 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate-CoA ligase, glycine acetyltransferase, and aminoacetone synthase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code 1FC4.

## Human genes

* GCAT
# Aristotelian

Aristotelian may refer to:
* Aristotle (384–322 BCE), ancient Greek philosopher
* Aristotelianism, a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle
* Aristotelian ethics
* Aristotelian logic, an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle
* Aristotelian physics, the form of natural philosophy described in the works of Aristotle
* Aristotelian Society, a British philosophical society
* Aristotelian theology
* Aristotelian tragedy
# 2010 Malaysian Open – Doubles

Chan Yung-jan and Zheng Jie won in the final of this tournament. They defeated Anastasia and Arina Rodionova 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 6–2, [10–7].

## Seeds

* Alisa Kleybanova / Yan Zi (quarterfinals)
* Chan Yung-jan / Zheng Jie (champions)
* Alla Kudryavtseva / Galina Voskoboeva (semifinals)
* Akgul Amanmuradova / Darya Kustova (quarterfinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draws

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 1 | A Kleybanova Z Yan | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Czink N Grandin | 2 | 1 | | 1 | A Kleybanova Z Yan | 3 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | An Rodionova Ar Rodionova | 7 | 4 | [10] | | An Rodionova Ar Rodionova | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Y Beygelzimer Y Fedak | 6$^4$ | 6 | [6] | | | | | | | An Rodionova Ar Rodionova | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| 4 | A Amanmuradova D Kustova | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | E Dzehalevich T Malek | 1 | 1 | | | | | |
| | O Govortsova İ Şenoğlu | 3 | 5 | | 4 | A Amanmuradova D Kustova | 5 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | C-w Chan M Rybáriková | 5 | 2 | | | E Dzehalevich T Malek | 7 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Dzehalevich T Malek | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | An Rodionova Ar Rodionova | 7 | 2 | [7] |
| | D Jurak K Marosi | 6$^5$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Y-j Chan J Zheng | 6$^4$ | 6 | [10] |
| | S Borwell R Kops-Jones | 7 | 6 | | | S Borwell R Kops-Jones | 2 | 7 | [7] | | | | | | | | | |
| | K-c Chang A Klepač | 6$^5$ | 3 | | 3 | A Kudryavtseva G Voskoboeva | 6 | 6$^3$ | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | A Kudryavtseva G Voskoboeva | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | A Kudryavtseva G Voskoboeva | 4 | 0 | | | | | |
| WC | TPĐ Huỳnh J Noordin | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | Y-j Chan J Zheng | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| Alt | V Diatchenko C Scheepers | 6 | 6 | | Alt | V Diatchenko C Scheepers | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Y Basuki Y Sema | 1 | 6 | [3] | 2 | Y-j Chan J Zheng | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Y-j Chan J Zheng | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Félix Voisin

Félix Voisin (19 November 1794 – 23 November 1872) was a French psychiatrist born in Le Mans.
He studied medicine in Paris, where in 1819 he earned his doctorate. He was a disciple of Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840), and a colleague of Jean-Pierre Falret (1794–1870), with whom he founded a private mental institution at Vanves in 1822. Later he provided services for mentally disabled people at a hospice on the rue de Sèvres, relocating to the Bicêtre Hospital in 1840, where he worked with the mentally impaired until his retirement in 1865. One of Voison's better known assistants was educator Édouard Séguin (1812–1880).
Voisin was a leading advocate of the phrenological theories of Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828) and Johann Spurzheim (1776–1832), and along with Louis Delasiauve (1804–1893) and Jacques-Étienne Belhomme (1800–1880), he is considered to be one of the more prominent members in the French school of phrenology. Voison was particularly interested in the role phrenology could be used to understand the pathology of mental retardation and insanity. Voisin also did extensive research of satyriasis and nymphomania, and was interested in the relationship between hypersexuality and hysteria.
In his 1851 treatise Analyse de l'entendement humain (Analysis of Human Understanding), Voisin described three major facets of human functionality, which he referred to as moral, intellect and animal factions. These classifications predated, and in a general sense are a parallel to the Freudian concepts of superego, ego and id.

## Selected writings

* 1826 – Des causes morales et physiques des maladies mentales
* 1839 – De l'Homme animal
* 1847 – Du traitement intelligent de la folie et application de quelques uns de ses principes à la reforme des criminels
* 1851 – Analyse de l'entendement humain
# Puig de la Talaia

Puig de la Talaia is a mountain located in the El Montmell municipal term, in the Baix Penedès comarca, Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 801 metres above sea level and is part of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range.
Talaia, the name of the mountain, means "watchtower" in the Catalan language.
# Akil Marshall

Akil Marshall is an American author, speaker, and educational consultant in Cleveland, Ohio.
He is CEO of the Akil Marshall Organization (TAMO), founder of Dance Afrika Dance (DAD) and has been teaching young people since 1992. The goal of TAMO is to teach young people skills for success in their careers.
Marshall is the author of five books. His most recently published book is Winning In America: The High 5 Model for American Education. He played professional football and was the first strength and fitness coach for the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was also the first African-American male to host an exercise and fitness television show in the United States.
In 2006 he was awarded the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Community Service Award, Cleveland.
# Dusky v. United States

Dusky v. United States, 362 U.S. 402 (1960), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court affirmed a defendant's right to have a competency evaluation before proceeding to trial. The Court outlined the basic standards for determining competency.

## Background

Milton Dusky, a 33-year-old man, was charged with assisting in the kidnapping and rape of an underage female. He clearly had schizophrenia but was found competent to stand trial and received a sentence of 45 years. On petition of writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court, the petitioner requested for his conviction to be reversed on the grounds that he was not competent to stand trial at the time of the proceeding.

## Decision

Upon reviewing the evidence, the court decided to grant the writ of certiorari. The court ruled that to be competent to stand trial the defendant must have a "sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and a "rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him." The court made clear that a brief mental status exam was insufficient. His case was remanded for retrial, at which time his sentence was reduced to 20 years.

## Significance

This case set the current standard for adjudicative competence in the United States. Although the statutes addressing competency vary from state to state in the United States, the two elements outlined in the decision are held in common:
* The defendant must understand the charges against him or her
* The defendant must have the ability to aid his or her attorney in his or her own defense.
Subsequently, in Godinez v. Moran (1993), the Supreme Court held that the competency standard for pleading guilty or waiving the right to counsel is the same as the competency standard for standing trial established in Dusky. In Indiana v. Edwards (2008), however, the Supreme Court made a distinction between competence to waive counsel (CTWC), which was the subject of Godinez, and competence to represent oneself (CTRO). The majority opinion, authored by Breyer, noted, "In certain instances an individual may well be able to satisfy Dusky's mental competence standard, for he will be able to work with counsel at trial, yet at the same time he may be unable to carry out the basic tasks needed to present his own defense without the help of counsel." However, the court did not actually provide a CTRO standard, opting instead to leave this to legislatures and lower courts.
Felhous (2011) argues that many state statutes and the federal statute do not incorporate the rationality standard enunciated in Dusky, and that various post-Dusky court decisions had not consistently affirmed the rationality standard.
# Eugène Léon Vivier

Eugène Léon Vivier (1821–1900) was a French horn player, admired by Napoleon III.

## Life

He was born in 1821 in Ajaccio, Corsica; his father was a tax collector. He moved to Paris, where he became a member of the orchestra of the Théâtre-Italien.
He studied under Jacques-François Gallay. He became a successful soloist, and played for Louis Philippe I at the Château d'Eu. On his recommendation, Vivier visited London in 1848, where he appeared at the Wednesday Concerts at Exeter Hall. From 1870 he was a favourite of Napoleon III, who gave him sinecures, including an inspectorship of mines.
With a secret device, he was able to play up to four notes at once on the horn. He was known for playing practical jokes: an obituarist wrote that "in their day they were the talk of Europe". He published in 1900 an autobiography, said to be largely fictitious, La Vie e les Aventures d'un Corniste.
Vivier died in Nice in 1900.
# Balka (disambiguation)

Balka is a village and seaside resort in Denmark. Balka or Bałka may also refer to:
* Balka, Donetsk Oblast, a settlement in Ukraine
* Balka Suman (born 1983), Indian politician
* Mirosław Bałka (born 1958), Polish artist
# Arctic (journal)

Arctic is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary, scientific journal, published by the Arctic Institute of North America. The focus of Arctic is original research articles on all topics about or related to the northern polar and sub-polar regions of the world. Additional published formats are book reviews, profiles of notable persons, specific geographic locations, notable northern events, commentaries, letters to the editor, and a general interest section consisting of essays and institute news. Mutltidisciplinary coverage encompasses physical sciences, social sciences, biological sciences, humanities, engineering, and technology. The journal was first published in spring of 1948.
Since at least March 2018, a fake journal pretending to be the real Arctic has set up a website. The real journal is hosted through the University of Calgary.

## Abstracting and indexing

Arctic is indexed in the following databases:
* Science Citation Index
* Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences
* The Zoological Record
* BIOSIS Previews
# Appletreewick

Appletreewick is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England, 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north-east of Skipton, 7 miles (11 km) from Skipton railway station and 16 miles (25.7 km) from Leeds Bradford International Airport.
Appletreewick is in Wharfedale in the Yorkshire Dales, a popular place for visitors, especially in the summer months, on the banks of the River Wharfe.
The civil parish includes the hamlet of Skyreholme and the western end of the village of Greenhow. The parish also includes Parcevall Hall, Stump Cross Caverns, the eastern part of Grimwith Reservoir and extensive areas of moorland north and east of the village. Barden Fell is a grouse moor belonging to the Bolton Abbey Estate, and Simon's Seat is a prominent rock outcrop to the north of Barden Fell. The civil parish had a population of 218 at the 2011 Census.

## History

The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, and its name is derived from the Old English of æppel-trēow wīc, which means the Apple-tree specialised farm (or hamlet). The old dialectal pronunciation of the village name is a shortened 'Ap-trick', which is sometimes still heard being used by the locals.
The village prospered from the year 1300 when Bolton Priory acquired its manor with its extensive sheep ranges and valuable lead mines. Charters for markets and a fair were granted and the latter remained important until the impact of the railways in the mid-19th century. The Ap-trick Onion Fair celebrated all manner of things, but given its name, it was chiefly remembered for being an avenue to sell lots of onions that were brought into the village especially for the fair. Records show that fight broke out between the Lord Clifford's of Skipton Castle and the Nortons of Rylstone Manor. This reinforces the belief that Appletreewick was more important than Burnsall at that time, as both noble families were in attendance.
Stone houses line the steep, main street between High Hall at the top and Low Hall at the bottom. The Tudor-style grade II* listed High Hall was restored by Sir William Craven (known as Appletreewick's own "Dick Whittington") who became Sheriff and Lord Mayor of London at the beginning of the 17th century. Craven was born in a cottage almost opposite High Hall, one of a pair converted into St John the Baptist's Church. Lower down is Monks Hall, largely rebuilt in 1697 on the site of Bolton Priory's grange. The pub, the Craven Arms, was also owned by William and has much of the village history on display including a fully heather-thatched cruck barn to look round. The cruck barn was the first one to be built in Upper Wharfedale in over 300 years and used original materials such as lime and horsehair to line the walls and sheep's wool for insulation.
A 2009 study of rural driving within England led to Appletreewick attaining the title of 'Britain's Friendliest Town to Drive Through'. The study was based upon data collected around Britain, monitoring levels of road rage, driver communication, average speeds and hand wave acknowledgments of friendly driving.
# 2011 Hong Kong Games

The 2011 Hong Kong Games, officially known as The 3rd Hong Kong Games (Chinese: 第三屆全港運動會), is a major biannual multi-sport event to be held in Hong Kong between the 18 Districts. The games will take place from 14 May to 5 June 2011.

## Event

It total there are 83 events in the 8 sports. This includes 42 events for male and 41 events for female. Compare with 2009 Hong Kong Games, futsal and volleyball are the new event.
The 8 sports are:
* Athletics
* Basketball
* Badminton
* Swimming
* Table Tennis
* Tennis
* Futsal
* Volleyball
The 18 District Councils recruited athletes in an open selection process to represent their district in the event.

## Venue

Here is the final venue of each events.
| Athletics | Badminton | Basketball | Swimming |
| Tseung Kwan O Sports Ground | Kowloon Park Sports Centre | Sun Yat Sen Memorial Park Sports Centre | Kowloon Park Swimming Pool |
| Table Tennis | Tennis | Futsal | Volleyball |
| Harbour Road Sports Centre | Victoria Park Tennis Court | Ma On Shan Sports Centre | Kowloon Bay Sports Centre |

## Awards

The District with the highest total scores will be crowned Overall Champion, followed by the first and second runners-up.
Other awards include:
* The Best Local Characteristics Award
* District with the Greatest Participation
* The Best Performance Award (for cheering)
The 2011 event will see the addition of awards for "District with the Most Gold Medals" and "District with the Best Progress".

## Medal Tally

Hong Kong is a relatively small Special Administrative Region, so it is impossible for districts take turn to host the event. The event is held regionwide.
| Rank | Districts | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Yuen Long District | 12 | 6 | 15 | 33 |
| 2 | Sha Tin District | 11 | 11 | 12 | 34 |
| 3 | Kowloon City District | 7 | 12 | 3 | 22 |
| 4 | Sai Kung District | 7 | 6 | 2 | 15 |
| 5 | Tuen Mun District | 6 | 7 | 6 | 19 |
| 6 | Eastern District | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |
| 7 | Kwai Tsing District | 5 | 3 | 1 | 9 |
| 8 | Central and Western District | 4 | 6 | 8 | 18 |
| 9 | Wong Tai Sin District | 4 | 5 | 7 | 16 |
| 10 | North District | 4 | 3 | 4 | 11 |
| 11 | Wan Chai District | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| 12 | Kwun Tong District | 3 | 7 | 3 | 13 |
| 13 | Tai Po District | 3 | 1 | 6 | 10 |
| 14 | Yau Tsim Mong District | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| 15 | Islands District | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| 16 | Southern District | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 |
| 17 | Sham Shui Po District | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 18 | Tsuen Wan District | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (18 entries) | Totals (18 entries) | 83 | 85 | 83 | 251 |

## 2015 Hong Kong Games

| Rank | Districts | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Yuen Long District | 10 | 10 | 8 | 28 |
| 2 | Sha Tin District | 10 | 8 | 8 | 26 |
| 3 | Kowloon City District | 9 | 8 | 4 | 21 |
| 4 | Eastern District | 8 | 2 | 7 | 17 |
| 5 | Wong Tai Sin District | 7 | 12 | 3 | 22 |
# Puig subgroup

In finite group theory, a branch of mathematics, the Puig subgroup, introduced by Puig (1976), is a characteristic subgroup of a p-group analogous to the Thompson subgroup.

## Definition

If H is a subgroup of a group G, then L$_G$(H) is the subgroup of G generated by the abelian subgroups normalized by H.
The subgroups L$_n$ of G are defined recursively by
* L$_0$ is the trivial subgroup
* L$_{n+1}$ = L$_G$(L$_n$)
They have the property that
* L$_0$ ⊆ L$_2$ ⊆ L$_4$... ⊆ ...L$_5$ ⊆ L$_3$ ⊆ L$_1$
The Puig subgroup L(G) is the intersection of the subgroups L$_n$ for n odd, and the subgroup L$_*$(G) is the union of the subgroups L$_n$ for n even.

## Properties

Puig proved that if G is a (solvable) group of odd order, p is a prime, and S is a Sylow p-subgroup of G, and the p′-core of G is trivial, then the center Z(L(S)) of the Puig subgroup of S is a normal subgroup of G.