# Michel Bouquet

Michel Bouquet (6 November 1925 – 13 April 2022) was a French stage and film actor. He appeared in more than 100 films from 1947 to 2020. He won the Best Actor European Film Award for Toto the Hero in 1991 and two Best Actor Césars for How I Killed My Father (2001) and The Last Mitterrand (2005). He also received the Molière Award for Best Actor for Les côtelettes in 1998, then again for Exit the King in 2005. In 2014, he was awarded the Honorary Molière for the sum of his career. He received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor in 2018.

## Biography

Michel François Pierre Bouquet was born on 6 November 1925 in Paris. When he was seven years old, he was sent to a boarding school where he stayed until the age of 14. He aspired to become a doctor but had to quit school at the age of 15 after his father had been taken prisoner during World War II. Bouquet worked as a baker's apprentice, then a bank clerk, to provide for the family. After a short stay in Lyon, he returned with his mother to Paris. Marie Bouquet was passionate about theater, and that helped the young Bouquet to find his vocation. He took acting classes under the tutelage of Maurice Escande, a member of the Comédie Française, and made his stage debut in the play La première étape in 1944. Then he studied at the Conservatory of Dramatic Arts in Paris where he met Gérard Philippe.

### Stage career

In the mid-1940s Michel Bouquet began working with the playwright Jean Anouilh and director André Barsacq, who staged plays at the Théâtre de l'Atelier in Montmartre. In 1946, Anouilh gave Bouquet a part in Roméo and Jeannette, followed by The Rendez-vous of Senlis and The Invitation to the Castle in 1947. In the 1950s, the actor met another stage director, Jean Vilar, with whom he would frequently collaborate. Bouquet played many roles from the classical repertoire at the Festival d'Avignon, created by Vilar in 1947 (Henry IV in 1950, The Tragedy of King Richard II in 1953, and The Miser in 1962). Bouquet regularly worked with Anouilh until the early 1970s, then helped popularize in France the works of the British author Harold Pinter: The Collection in 1965, The Birthday Party in 1967 and No Man's Land in 1979.
At the same time, at the end of the 1970s, Michel Bouquet was appointed professor at the National Conservatory of Dramatic Arts and taught there until 1990. In the 1980s-1990s, he returned to the Théâtre de l'Atelier where he once began his career. In 1994, he played in Exit the King by Eugène Ionesco, the role he would perform many times until 2014. In 1998 he received the Molière Award for Best Actor for Bertrand Blier's Les côtelettes, then again for Exit the King in 2005. In 2014, he was awarded the Honorary Molière for the sum of his career. A year later, the actor received accolades for his performance in Taking Sides by the British playwright Ronald Harwood. Bouquet announced his retirement from stage in 2019.

### Film career

Though Bouquet made his screen debut in 1947, his film career was slower to develop. In 1949, he appeared in Pattes blanches, adapted by Jean Anouilh from his own play and directed by Jean Grémillon, then in Henri-Georges Clouzot's Manon (1950) and Anouilh's Deux sous de violettes (1951). Three years later, he acted in Abel Gance's historical melodrama La Tour de Nesle. In 1955, he narrated Alain Resnais' documentary Night and Fog. In 1965, he worked for the first time with director Claude Chabrol in Our Agent Tiger. Bouquet went on to act in several Chabrol films and received wide acclaim for his performances in The Unfaithful Wife, The Breach, and Just Before Nightfall.
With François Truffaut he shoots as Comolli, the private detective murdered by Jean-Paul Belmondo in Mississippi Mermaid (1969) and as one of the victims of Jeanne Moreau in The Bride Wore Black. For Chabrol he played the husband deceived by Stéphane Audran in The Unfaithful Wife, followed by Audran's wicked father-in-law in The Breach. Bouquet and Audran worked together in four Chabrol films. In the 1970s Bouquet is the obstinate cop who terrorized Alain Delon in Deux hommes dans la ville (1972), candidate for legislative elections in Defense de savoir (1973) by Nadine Trintignant, the hospitalized press boss who is surrounded by Claude Jade in Les Anneaux de Bicêtre (1976), but in the same year he was also the formidable billionaire in the comedy Le Jouet by Francis Veber. In this decade he played two dark roles for André Cayatte, in Il n'y a pas de fumée sans feu and La Raison d'État. Another film on the political subject is Plot by Yves Boisset. In the 1980s, he embodied a rotten notary and Stéphane Audran's enemy in Cop au Vin (1986), still with Chabrol. In 1982 he took on the role of Javert in Robert Hossein's adaptation of Les Miserables with Lino Ventura as Jean Valjean and Jean Carmet as Thénardier in 1984, and with such talent that many Hugolians consider this interpretation as the embodiment even by Javert.

### Other works

Over the years, Bouquet recorded his readings of the works of Cervantes, Victor Hugo, Jean-Paul Sartre and other authors that were released on discs. An audio book of his readings of 13 selected fables of Jean de La Fontaine was released in 2019 to wide critical acclaim.

### Personal life

Bouquet was married twice. His first wife was actress Ariane Borg, whom he divorced in 1967. His second wife Juliette Carré was also an actress, who often shared the stage with him.
Bouquet died in Paris on 13 April 2022, at the age of 96.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Director |
| 1947 | Criminal Brigade | Le tueur | Gilbert Gil |
| 1947 | Monsieur Vincent | The TB sufferer | Maurice Cloche |
| 1948 | Manon | The helmsman | Henri-Georges Clouzot |
| 1949 | White Paws | Maurice | Jean Grémillon |
| 1951 | Three Women (episode L'Héritage) | M. Lesable | André Michel |
| 1955 | Night and Fog | narrator | Alain Resnais |
| 1964 | Les Amitiés particulières | Father Trennes | Jean Delannoy |
| 1965 | Our Agent Tiger | Jacques Vermorel | Claude Chabrol |
| 1967 | The Bride Wore Black | Coral | François Truffaut |
| 1967 | Lamiel | Doctor Sansfin | Jean Aurel |
| 1967 | The Road to Corinth | Sharps | Claude Chabrol |
| 1968 | Mississippi Mermaid | Mr Comolli | François Truffaut |
| 1968 | The Unfaithful Wife | Charles Desvalles | Claude Chabrol |
| 1969 | Last Leap | Jauran | Édouard Luntz |
| 1970 | Borsalino | Maître Rinaldi | Jacques Deray |
| 1970 | Just Before Nightfall | Charles Masson | Claude Chabrol |
| 1970 | The Breach | Ludovic Régnier | Claude Chabrol |
| 1970 | The Cop | L'inspecteur Favenin | Yves Boisset |
| 1970 | Comptes à rebours [fr] | Valberg | Roger Pigaut |
| 1971 | Malpertuis | Dideloo | Harry Kümel |
| 1972 | Night Flight from Moscow | Tavel | Henri Verneuil |
| 1972 | Trois milliards sans ascenseur | Albert | Roger Pigaut |
| 1972 | Plot | Maïtre Lempereur | Yves Boisset |
| 1972 | Il n'y a pas de fumée sans feu | M. Morlaix | André Cayatte |
| 1973 | Deux hommes dans la ville | Inspector Goitreau | José Giovanni |
| 1973 | Le Complot [fr] | Lelong | René Gainville |
| 1974 | La Main à couper [fr] | Georges Noblet | Étienne Périer |
| 1975 | Au-delà de la peur [fr] | Claude Balard | Yannick Andréi |
| 1976 | The Toy | Président Rambal-Cochet | Francis Veber |
| 1977 | Les Anneaux de Bicêtre [fr] | René Maugras | Louis Grospierre |
| 1978 | La Raison d'État | Francis Jobin | André Cayatte |
| 1978 | L'Ordre et la sécurité du monde | Banquier Muller | Claude d'Anna |
| 1982 | Les Misérables | L'inspecteur Javert | Robert Hossein |
| 1984 | Cop au Vin | Hubert Lavoisier | Claude Chabrol |
| 1985 | Le regard dans le miroir | Mathias | Jean Chapot |
| 1990 | Toto the Hero | Thomas (at old age) | Jaco Van Dormael |
| 1991 | Tous les Matins du Monde | Baugin | Alain Corneau |
| 1993 | The Eye of Vichy | narrator | Claude Chabrol |
| 1994 | Élisa | Samuel | Jean Becker |
| 1997 | Milice, film noir | narrator | Alain Ferrari |
| 2001 | How I Killed My Father | Maurice | Anne Fontaine |
| 2001 | Leïla | narrator | Gabriel Axel |
| 2003 | Les Côtelettes | Mr Potier | Bertrand Blier |
| 2004 | The Last Mitterrand | President Mitterrand | Robert Guédiguian |
| 2010 | The Little Room | Edmond | Stéphanie Chuat and Véronique Reymond |
| 2012 | Renoir | Pierre-Auguste Renoir | Gilles Bourdos |
| 2015 | The Art Dealer | Raoul | François Margolin |
| 2016 | The Origin of Violence | Marcel Fabre in 2014 | Élie Chouraqui |
| 2018 | Troppa grazia | | Gianni Zanasi |
| 2020 | Villa Caprice | Marcel Germon | Bernard Stora |

## Awards and nominations
### César Awards

| Year | Group | Award | Film | Result |
| 2002 | César Awards | Best Actor | How I Killed My Father (Comment j'ai tué mon père) | Won |
| 2006 | César Awards | Best Actor | The Last Mitterrand (Le Promeneur du Champs-de-Mars) | Won |
| 2014 | César Awards | Best Actor | Renoir | Nominated |

### European Film Award

| Year | Group | Award | Film | Result |
| 1991 | European Film Awards | Best Actor | Toto le Héros | Won |

### Globes de Cristal Award

| Year | Group | Award | Film | Result |
| 2006 | Globes de Cristal Award | Best Actor | The Last Mitterrand | Nominated |

### Molière Awards

| Year | Group | Award | Play | Result |
| 1998 | Molière Awards | Best Actor | Les Côtelettes | Won |
| 2005 | Molière Awards | Best Actor | Le Roi se meurt | Won |
| 2014 | Molière Awards | Honorary | For his career | Won |
| Year | Group | Award | Play | Result |
| 1987 | Molière Awards | Best Actor | Le Malade imaginaire | Nominated |
| 1988 | Molière Awards | Best Actor | Le Malade imaginaire | Nominated |
| 2000 | Molière Awards | Best Actor | Taking Sides | Nominated |
| 2007 | Molière Awards | Best Actor | The Miser | Nominated |

## Decorations

Bouquet was made Knight of the Legion of Honor in 1983, promoted to Officer in 1996, Commander in 2007, Grand Officer in 2013, and was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor on 13 July 2018.