OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Friction torque

In mechanics, friction torque is the torque caused by the frictional force that occurs when two objects in contact move. Like all torques, it is a rotational force that may be measured in newton meters or pounds-feet.

## Engineering

Friction torque can be disruptive in engineering. There are a variety of measures engineers may choose to take to eliminate these disruptions. Ball bearings are an example of an attempt to minimize the friction torque.
Friction torque can also be an asset in engineering. Bolts and nuts, or screws are often designed to be fastened with a given amount of torque, where the friction is adequate during use or operation for the bolt, nut, or screw to remain safely fastened. This is true with such applications as lug nuts retaining wheels to vehicles, or equipment subjected to vibration with sufficiently well-attached bolts, nuts, or screws to prevent the vibration from shaking them loose.

## Examples

* When a cyclist applies the brake to the forward wheel, the bicycle tips forward due to the frictional torque between the wheel and the ground.
* When a golf ball hits the ground it begins to spin in part because of the friction torque applied to the golf ball from the friction between the golf ball and the ground.
# Cipanas, Cianjur

Cipanas is a district in the extreme northwest corner of Cianjur Regency in West Java, Indonesia. It had an area of 67.28 km$^2$ and a population of 103,911 at the 2010 Census. which had increased to 113,592 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 115,574.

## Administration

Cipanas consists of 7 villages namely:
* Batulawang
* Ciloto
* Cimacan
* Cipanas
* Palasari
* Sindangjaya
* Sindanglaya
All the villages addressed with the same postcode 43253.

## Climate

Climate data for Cipanas, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia (elevation 1,074 m or 3,524 ft) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.6 (74.5) | 24.1 (75.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.9 (67.8) | 20.1 (68.2) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.7 (67.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 20.2 (68.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 19.9 (67.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.1 (62.8) | 17.0 (62.6) | 16.4 (61.5) | 15.9 (60.6) | 16.1 (61.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 16.9 (62.4) | 17.3 (63.1) | 17.2 (63.0) | 16.8 (62.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 342 (13.5) | 327 (12.9) | 334 (13.1) | 289 (11.4) | 164 (6.5) | 111 (4.4) | 94 (3.7) | 97 (3.8) | 129 (5.1) | 270 (10.6) | 376 (14.8) | 363 (14.3) | 2,896 (114.1) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 88 | 89 | 88 | 87 | 86 | 82 | 77 | 73 | 72 | 77 | 85 | 87 | 83 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.6 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.4 |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/west-java/cipanas-601231/#climate-table ||||||||||||||
# Zander (disambiguation)

The zander is a species of fish. Zander can also be a given name, a diminutive of the male given name Alexander, or a surname. It may refer to:

## People
### Surname

* Benjamin Zander (born 1939), English-American conductor
* Carl Zander (born 1963), former professional American football player
* Christine Zander, American television writer and producer
* Edward Zander (born 1947), American business executive
* Enoch Zander (1873–1957), German entomologist
* Frank Zander (born 1942), German singer and actor
* Friedrich Zander (1887–1933), Russian and Soviet pioneer of rocketry and spaceflight
* Gustav Zander (1835–1920), Swedish physician and orthopedist
* Heinz Zander (born 1939), German artist and writer
* John Adolf Fredrik Zander (1890–1967), Swedish participant in the 1912 and the 1920 Summer Olympics
* Jörg Zander (born 1964), German Formula One designer
* Judith Zander (born 1980), German writer and translator
* Luca-Milan Zander (born 1995), German footballer
* Martin Zander (1882?–1925), German World War I flying ace
* Michael Zander (born 1932), British legal scholar
* Richard Zander (anatomist) (1855–1918), German anatomist, father of surgeon Paul Zander
* Richard Zander (born 1964), German figure skater
* Robin Zander (born 1953), American musician
* Rudolph Zander (1915–1996), Canadian politician
* Solveig Zander (born 1955), Swedish politician
* Udo Zander (born 1959), Swedish organizational theorist
* Walter Zander (1898–1993), German lawyer and scholar
* Wilhelm Zander (1911–1974), Nazi German military officer
* William Zander (1844–1919), American politician

### Given name

* Zander de Bruyn (born 1975), South African cricketer
* Zander Fagerson (born 1996), Scottish rugby union player
* Zander Hollander (1923–2014), American journalist
* Zander Horvath (born 1998), American football player
* Zander Mueth (born 2005), American baseball player
* Zander Schloss (born 1961), American musician, actor and composer
* Zander Sherman (born 1986), Canadian writer

### Diminutive

* Alexander (Zander) Blewett III (born 1945), American lawyer
* Zander Diamond (born 1985), Scottish footballer
* Zander Lehmann (born 1987), television writer
* Zander Sutherland (born 1987), Scottish footballer
* Zander Wedderburn (1935–2017), British psychologist

## Fictional characters

* Alexander "Zander" Smith, in the soap opera General Hospital
* Zander, protagonist of the 1925 film Zander the Great
* Zander Freemaker, in the television series Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures
* Dr. Zander Rice, a Marvel Comics character

## Other uses

* Zander, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
* Zander Insurance Group, an American insurance company
* Zander (album), a 1997 album by Scorn
# Byron Kennedy

Byron Eric Kennedy (18 August 1949 – 17 July 1983) was an Australian film producer known for co-creating the Mad Max series of films with George Miller.

## Early life

Byron Kennedy was born in Melbourne. At the age of 18, he formed his own production company named Warlok Films and produced many amateur short films under this logo. In 1970, at the age of 21, he won The Kodak Trophy, Australia's Ten Best on Eight, for the short film Hobson's Bay, a short documentary film about the Melbourne port suburb of Williamstown. This award enabled him to travel overseas and gain invaluable knowledge of the international film/television industry. Upon his return, he embarked upon a television and film course at the University of New South Wales.

## George Miller

Kennedy met George Miller at the University of Melbourne in 1969. The first mini-film made by both was Violence in the Cinema, filmed in Yarraville, Melbourne. The film won international acclaim and this led to the formation of the new film company Kennedy Miller, which was incorporated in 1975 with both George Miller and Byron Kennedy as co-directors.
Their first major movie together was the international smash hit Mad Max (1979). This film set a record for the highest-grossing film relative to budget, a record which was only broken with the advent of The Blair Witch Project (1999).
In 1981, Kennedy produced the film Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior, the sequel to Mad Max, which grossed over US$100 million worldwide.

## Death

In 1983, at the age of 33, Kennedy was killed at Warragamba Dam in New South Wales, Australia, when the helicopter he was piloting crashed.

## Legacy

In his honour, the Australian Film Institute, with George Miller as a panel member, established the Byron Kennedy Award. This award is bestowed upon those whose work is marked by their pursuit of excellence within the film and television industry and is sponsored by Kennedy Miller, Warner Bros., Village Roadshow, Greater Union, Cinemedia, and Steven Spielberg.
The film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome is dedicated to Kennedy.
His original co-production company, Kennedy Miller, is now called Kennedy Miller Mitchell.

## Filmography
### Motion pictures

* Violence in the Cinema, Part 1 (1971)
* The Last of the Knucklemen (1977)
* Mad Max (1979)
* Mad Max 2 (1981)

### Miniseries

* The Dismissal (1983), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
* Bodyline (1984), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
* The Cowra Breakout (1985), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
* Vietnam (1987), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
* The Dirtwater Dynasty (1988), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
* Bangkok Hilton (1989), a miniseries produced for Network 10 Australia
# Tesfaye Deriba

Tesfaye Deriba Ketema (born 11 September 1998) is an Ethiopian runner specialising in the 3000 metres steeplechase. He represented his country at the 2017 World Championships finishing seventh in the final.
His personal best in the event is 8:13.33 set in Hengelo in 2017.
In 2019, he represented Ethiopia at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco. He competed in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase and he finished in 9th place.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Ethiopia ||||||
| 2017 | African U20 Championships | Tlemcen, Algeria | 2nd | 3000 m s'chase | 8:33.67 |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom | 7th | 3000 m s'chase | 8:22.12 |
| 2019 | African Games | Rabat, Morocco | 9th | 3000 m s'chase | 8:44.59 |
# Dušan Stanković

Dušan Stanković (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Станковић, born 12 February 1994) is a Serbian professional basketball player for KK Priboj of the First Regional League of Serbia.
# Zhetybay

43°35′39″N 52°04′44″E﻿ / ﻿43.59417°N 52.07889°E﻿ / 43.59417; 52.07889
Zhetybay (also known as Zhetibay (Kazakh: Жетібай, Jetıbai, جەتىباي)) is a town in Mangystau Region, southwest Kazakhstan. It lies at an altitude of 146 m (479 ft). It has a population of 11,731.
# Villette, Yvelines

Villette (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
# Salvia hierosolymitana

Salvia hierosolymitana is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial commonly called Jerusalem salvia or Jerusalem sage that is native to the eastern Mediterranean, with populations in Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank. It typically grows in open fields, rocky soils, and among low-growing native shrubs. It was first described in 1853 by botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier, with the epithet "hierosolymitana" referring to "royal, sacred Jerusalem".
It forms a mound of basal leaves that spreads to 2 ft, and slightly less in height. The ovate mid-green leaves are evergreen, lightly covered with hairs, and with a scalloped margin, growing 8–10 in long with prominent veining underneath. The 1 in or smaller flowers are a wine-red color, growing in widely spaced whorls, with 2-6 flowers per whorl. The lower lip is white, with wine-red spotting. The calyces are pea-green with red veins and bracts edged in red. The square stem of the 1 ft long inflorescences are also edged in red. Unlike many salvias, there is no odor when the leaves are crushed, and there is no known medicinal use of this plant.
In Palestinian cuisine, the leaves are being stuffed with meat and rice then cooked with lamb riblets.
# List of storms named Ma-on

The name Ma-on has been used for four tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific Ocean. This name was provided by Hong Kong and is the name of a peak in New Territories.
* Typhoon Ma-on (2004) (T0422, 26W, Rolly) – made landfall on Japan's Izu Peninsula, killing 6 people.
* Typhoon Ma-on (2011) (T1106, 08W, Ineng) – struck Shikoku in Japan before recurving to the open sea.
* Tropical Storm Ma-on (2016) (T1624, 27W) – stayed at sea through its duration.
* Severe Tropical Storm Ma-on (2022) (T2209, 10W, Florita) – affected northern Philippines, South China and northern Vietnam.
After the 2022 storm, the name Ma-on was announced to be retired and will no longer be used. In 2024, the name was replaced by Tsing-ma, which refers to the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong that connects to the main airport.
# Filip Stamenković

Filip Stamenković (Serbian Cyrillic: Филип Стаменковић; born 15 September 1998) is a Serbian football player who plays for Kazakhstani club Shakhter Karagandy.

## Club career

He made his debut in the Russian Football National League for FC Veles Moscow on 29 August 2021 in a game against FC Akron Tolyatti.
# Coldiron

Coldiron or cold iron or cold Fe may refer to:
* Cold iron, historically believed to repel ghosts, fairies, and other supernatural creatures
* "Cold Iron" (poem), a 1910 poem by Rudyard Kipling
* Cold Iron (video game), 2018
* Cold ironing, the process of providing shoreside electrical power to a ship at berth
* "Cold Irons Bound", a 1997 song by Bob Dylan
* Coldiron, Kentucky, United States
# Grande Terre

Grande Terre or Grande-Terre (French pronunciation:, French for "large land") is a generic term used in French to designate the main island of any given archipelago. As a specific toponym, it may refer to the following:
* Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe, the eastern half of the main island of Guadeloupe (divided by a canal across a narrow isthmus)
* Grande-Terre (Kerguelen), the main island of the Kerguelen Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
* Grande-Terre (Mayotte), the main island of Mayotte
* Grande Terre (New Caledonia), the main island of New Caledonia
# Villette metro station

Villette (French pronunciation: ) is a Charleroi Metro station, located at the southwestern end of Charleroi downtown, in fare zone 1. It was the first metro station in Belgium to be built on a viaduct, spanning over the river Sambre. The station is accessible from both banks of the river and features a central platform serving two tram tracks. Villette station is particularly close (300 m) to the Sud station.

## Nearby points of interest

* Headquarters of TEC Charleroi, a subsidiary of the Société Régionale Wallonne du Transport in charge of public transportation in Charleroi.
* Charleroi branch of the Federal Public Service Finance.

## Transfers

There are no direct train or bus transfers at this station.
* This article about a Belgian railway station is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This European rapid transit-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Salvia viscosa

Salvia viscosa is a herbaceous perennial native to a small area of mountains in Lebanon and Israel. It was first described in 1781 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin but only began being sold in nurseries in the 1990s.
Salvia viscosa grows a small cluster of leaves from which 1 foot (0.30 m) inflorescences arise in midsummer. The misty green leaves are oblate-oblong, growing up to 4 inches (10 cm) long and 2 inches (5.1 cm) wide, with both surfaces covered by soft hairs, and whitish-green veining on the underside. The burgundy-red flowers are about .75 inches (1.9 cm) long, growing in whorls that are widely spaced along the thin stem, and are held in a tiny wine-colored calyx that is covered with hairs. The plant seeds profusely.
# Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity

A.L.I.C.E. (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity), also referred to as Alicebot, or simply Alice, is a natural language processing chatterbot—a program that engages in a conversation with a human by applying some heuristical pattern matching rules to the human's input. It was inspired by Joseph Weizenbaum's classical ELIZA program.
It is one of the strongest programs of its type and has won the Loebner Prize, awarded to accomplished humanoid, talking robots, three times (in 2000, 2001, and 2004). The program is unable to pass the Turing test, as even the casual user will often expose its mechanistic aspects in short conversations.
Alice was originally composed by Richard Wallace; it "came to life" on November 23, 1995. The program was rewritten in Java beginning in 1998. The current incarnation of the Java implementation is Program D. The program uses an XML Schema called AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language) for specifying the heuristic conversation rules.
Alice code has been reported to be available as open source. The AIML source is available from ALICE A.I. Foundation on Google Code and from the GitHub account of Richard Wallace. These AIML files can be run using an AIML interpreter like Program O or Program AB.

## In popular culture

Spike Jonze has cited ALICE as the inspiration for his academy award-winning film Her, in which a human falls in love with a chatbot. In a New Yorker article titled “Can Humans Fall in Love with Bots?” Jonze said “that the idea originated from a program he tried about a decade ago called the ALICE bot, which engages in friendly conversation.” The LATimes reported:
   Though the film’s premise evokes comparisons to Siri, Jonze said he actually had the idea well before the Apple digital assistant came along, after using a program called Alicebot about ten years ago. As geek nostalgists will recall, that intriguing if at times crude software (it flunked the industry-standard Turing Test) would attempt to engage users in everyday chatter based on a database of prior conversations. Jonze liked it, and decided to apply a film genre to it. “I thought about that idea, and what if you had a real relationship with it?” Jonze told reporters. “And I used that as a way to write a relationship movie and a love story.”
# Yordanis Arencibia

Yordanis Arencibia Verdecia (born 24 January 1980 in Amancio Rodríguez, Cuba) is a Cuban judoka.
At the 2004 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men's half-lightweight (‍–‍66 kg) category, together with Georgi Georgiev of Bulgaria. He also won the bronze medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics with Pak Chol-Min of North Korea.
He has also won bronze medals at the 1999, 2001 and 2003 World Judo Championships.
# Sotirakis Londos

Sotirios Londos (Greek: Σωτήριος Λόντος), better known as Sotirakis (Σωτηράκης), was a prominent Greek magnate and notable during the last decades of Ottoman rule in the Peloponnese.
Sotirakis Londos was the grandson of Golfinos Londos [el], the founder of the Londos family in the Nezera area of Achaea. Sotirakis moved away from Nezera and established himself at Vostitsa (modern Aigio), where he founded a new branch of the family. He quickly distinguished himself for his prudence and courage. After being sent as vekil (representative) of the Morea to the Sublime Porte, on his return in 1799 he was named to the position of mora ayan (μοραγιάνης), i.e. the most senior rank of the local notables of the Peloponnese (Morea), who were members of the provincial council advising the governor of the Morea Eyalet. He was accorded the special privilege of being consulted on the choice of the local archbishops, aiming to ensure that no foreigners were appointed to such posts.
He was executed by decapitation on 13 December 1812 (O.S.) at Tripoli by the Ottoman governor of the Morea. His son, Andreas Londos, became an important military and political leader of the Greek War of Independence and in the subsequent Kingdom of Greece.
# Colchicaceae

Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 15 genera with a total of about 285 known species according to Christenhusz and Byng in 2016.

## Description

The family is characterized by the presence of colchicine.

## Taxonomy

The APG III system, of 2009 (unchanged from the APG systems, of 1998 and 2003), recognizes this family and places it in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. It is a group of herbaceous perennials with rhizomes or corms.
The Dahlgren system and the Thorne system (1992) also recognized this family, and placed it in order Liliales in superorder Lilianae in subclass Liliidae (monocotyledons) of class Magnoliopsida (angiosperms).

### Genera

The phylogenetic classification of Vinnersten & Manning circumscribes the family as follows:
* tribe Burchardieae
** Burchardia R.Br.
* tribe Uvularieae
** Disporum Salisb. (excluding the North American species to the genus Prosartes D.Don, now in the family Liliaceae, Liliales)
** Uvularia L.
* tribe Tripladenieae
** Kuntheria Conran & Clifford
** Schelhammera R.Br.
** Tripladenia D.Don
* tribe Iphigenieae
** Camptorrhiza E.Phillips
** Iphigenia Kunth
* tribe Anguillarieae
** Baeometra Salisb.
** Wurmbea Thunb. (including Neodregea C.H.Wright and Onixotis Raf.)
* tribe Colchiceae
** Colchicum L. (including Androcymbium Willd., Bulbocodium L. and Merendera Ramond)
** Gloriosa L. (including Littonia Hook.)
** Hexacyrtis Dinter
** Ornithoglossum Salisb.
** Sandersonia Hook.
The genus Petermannia F.Muell. is excluded from this family and placed in its own family Petermanniaceae, Liliales. The former controversy regarding the inclusion of Androcymbium in Colchicum has now been resolved in favor of the 2007 classification of Manning et al. who included Androcymbium in Colchicum. This is supported by molecular phylogenetic studies with dense species sampling (i.e. 41 species previously placed in Androcymbium and 96 species of Colchicum) that showed that the type species of Androcymbium, A. melanthioides (Colchicum melanthioides), is more closely related to species of Colchicum than it is to many species traditionally placed in Androcymbium.
Subsequently, Nguyen et al.(2013) proposed reclassifying the family on the basis of subfamilies:
* Subfamily Uvularioideae (distribution: Eastern Asia and North America)
** Tribe Uvularieae (Disporum, Uvularia)
* Subfamily Wurmbeoideae (distribution: Australia, Africa, Europe, central and tropical Asia)
** Tribe Burchardieae (Burchardia)
** Tribe Tripladenieae (Tripladenia, Schelhammera, Kuntheria)
** Tribe Iphigenieae (Iphigenia, Camptorrhiza)
** Tribe Angullarieae (Wurmbea, Onixotis, Neodregea, Baeometra)
** Tribe Colchiceae (Gloriosa (including Littonia), Colchicum (including Merendera, Bulbocodium, and probably Androcymbium), Hexacyrtis, Ornithoglossum, Sandersonia
# Diana Barrows

Diana Barrows (born January 23, 1966) is an American film and television actress, singer and dancer.

## Filmography

* Rags to Riches (1987) (TV series) – (1 episode)
* Addicted to His Love (1988) (TV) – Marcy Brennan
* Friday the 13th Part VII: The New Blood (1988) – Maddy
* Charles in Charge (1988) (TV series) – Pushy Co-ed (1 episode)
* Freddy's Nightmares (1988) (TV series) – Diane (1 episode)
* She's Out of Control (1989) – Lisa
* My Mom's a Werewolf (1989) – Stacey Pubah
* The Favorite (1989) – Fanny
* Knots Landing (1989) (TV series) – Lisa (1 episode)
* Empty Nest (1990) (TV series) – Student No. 1 (1 episode)
* The Adventures of Ford Fairlane (1990) – Sorority Girl
* The End of Innocence (1990) – Arlene
* ProStars (1991–1992) (TV series) (voice) – Denise
* Space Case (1992) – Breezix
* Un homme (1997) (TV) – Margaret
* Does God Exist? (2007) (TV) – Burton's wife
* Naked Killer (2008) – Charlotte
* His Name Was Jason: 30 Years of Friday the 13th (2009) (Documentary film) – Herself
* Crystal Lake Memories: The Complete History of Friday the 13th (2013) (Documentary film) – Herself