OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1,3-Dichloropropene

1,3-Dichloropropene, sold under diverse trade names, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C$_3$H$_4$Cl$_2$. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet smell. It is feebly soluble in water and evaporates easily. It is used mainly in farming as a pesticide, specifically as a preplant fumigant and nematicide. It acts non-specifically and is in IRAC class 8A. It is widely used in the US and other countries, but is banned in 34 countries (including the European Union).

## Production, chemical properties, biodegradation

It is a byproduct in the chlorination of propene to make allyl chloride.
It is usually obtained as a mixture of the geometric isomers, called (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene, and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene. Although it was first applied in agriculture in the 1950s, at least two biodegradation pathways have evolved. One pathway degrades the chlorocarbon to acetaldehyde via chloroacrylic acid.

## Safety

The TLV-TWA for 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP) is 1 ppm. It is a contact irritant. A wide range of complications have been reported.

### Carcinogenicity

Evidence for the carcinogenicity of 1,3-dichloropropene in humans is inadequate, but results from several cancer bioassays provide adequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. In the US, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that 1,3-dichloropropene may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. In California, the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has determined that 1,3-dichloropropene is a carcinogen, and in 2022 established a No Significant Risk Level (NSRL) of 3.7 micrograms/day. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that 1,3-dichloropropene is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The EPA has classified 1,3-dichloropropene as a probable human carcinogen.

## Use

1,3-Dichloropropene is used as a pesticide in the following crops:
1,3-Dichloropropene Use in Crops :
| Crop | Pounds (lb) | Primary Pesticide? |
| Tobacco | 12,114,887 | Yes |
| Potatoes | 12,044,736 | Yes |
| Sugar Beets | 5,799,613 | Yes |
| Cotton | 3,735,543 | Yes |
| Peanuts | 3,463,003 | Yes |
| Sweet Potatoes | 1,210,872 | Yes |
| Onions | 674,183 | Yes |
| Carrots | 531,752 | Yes |
| Watermelons | 133,801 | No |
| Cantaloups | 121,395 | No |
| Cucumbers | 76,735 | No |
| Strawberries | 71,753 | No |
| Sweet Peppers | 28,247 | No |
| Melons | 12,471 | No |
| Blueberries | 3,090 | No |
| Asparagus | 1,105 | No |

## Contamination

The ATSDR has extensive contamination information available.

## Market history

Under the brand name Telone, 1,3-D was one of Dow AgroSciences's products until the merger into DowDuPont. Then it was spun off with Corteva, and as of 2020 has been licensed to Telos Ag Solutions and is no longer a Corteva product.
# Mohamed Karmous

Mohamed Karmous (born 5 June 1949) is a Moroccan wrestler. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics, the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Rayar Parambarai

Rayar Parambarai (transl. Rayar's heredity) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama film directed by Ramnath T. The film stars Krishna, Sharanya R Nair, Anshula Dhawan and Kritika Singh Yadav with Anandaraj, Srinivasan, Rajendran, R. N. R. Manohar, Manobala, Kalloori Vinoth, K. R. Vijaya, Kasthuri Shankar, Bava Lakshmanan, Thangadurai, Shaalu Shammu and Lollu Sabha Seshu in supporting roles.

## Cast

* Krishna as Arivu
* Sharanya R Nair
* Anshula Dhawan
* Kritika Singh Yadav
* Kasthuri Shankar as Rayar's sister
* Anandaraj as Rayar
* R. N. R. Manohar
* Manobala
* Rajendran as Shanthamurthy
* Srinivasan
* Kalloori Vinoth as Anwar
* K. R. Vijaya
* Bava Lakshmanan
* Thangadurai
* Shaalu Shammu
* Lollu Sabha Seshu

## Production

The film was produced by Chinnasamy Mounaguru under the banner of Chinnasamy Cine Creations. The cinematography was done by Vignesh Vasu and edited by Sasi Kumar. The trailer was released on 19 December 2021.

## Music

The film's music was composed by Ganesh Raghavendra.

## Release

The film was released on 7 July 2023.

## Reception

Navein Darshan of Cinema Express gave it 1 out of 5 stars and wrote, "A rudderless talkathon in the guise of comedy." A critic from Maalai Malar gave the film a mixed review, stating that it "lacks grip in the screenplay." A critic from Minnambalam gave the film a mixed review.
A critic from Thamizh Padam gave the film a rating of 2.5 out of 5 and said the comedy scenes were irritating instead of funny. A critic from Dina Thanthi gave the film a positive review, adding that the story promises laughter. A critic from Vikatan gave it a mixed review and criticized the story of the film by calling it as old template cinema.
Keerthana of ABP Live Tamil gave it 1.5 out of 5 and opined that the second half of the film is better than the first half. A critic from Dinamalar gave the film 1.5 out of 5 and stated that they felt pity for audiences.
# Toleman TG185

The Toleman TG185 was a Formula One racing car designed by Rory Byrne for use by the Toleman team in the 1985 Formula One World Championship.

## Background

After a successful 1984 season, Toleman entered 1985 with Swede Stefan Johansson and John Watson signed as drivers, but without a main sponsor or a tyre contract. The team had switched from Pirelli to Michelin during 1984 following a dispute with the Italian supplier, only for the French company to withdraw from F1 at the end of the year. Pirelli were reluctant to supply the team again, as were Goodyear. Hence, Toleman did not compete in the first three races of 1985, during which Johansson was released from his contract to replace René Arnoux at Ferrari.
Only when Benetton stepped in as main sponsor were the team able to compete, as the Italian clothing company bought the struggling Spirit team's Pirelli tyre contract.

## Design

The car was largely similar to the previous year's TG184, apart from a revised suspension to deal with running a different tyre compound and revised rear bodywork. The car was powered by the 800 bhp (597 kW; 811 PS) Hart 415T straight-4 turbocharged engine.

## Racing history

The TG185 made its debut at the Monaco Grand Prix.
At first, a single car was entered for Italian Teo Fabi, who had previously driven for the team in 1982. From the Austrian Grand Prix onwards, a second car was entered for another Italian driver, Piercarlo Ghinzani, who joined the team from Osella.
Fabi gave Toleman its first and only pole position at the German Grand Prix, held at the new Nürburgring. This was to be the team's only highlight of 1985, as the TG185 was otherwise unreliable and saw the finish line just twice all year, when Fabi finished 14th in France and 12th in Italy.

## Aftermath

The TG185 was the last Toleman car, as the team was bought out by Benetton and renamed Benetton Formula ahead of the 1986 season.
One TG185 remains fully operational as of 2018, having been rebuilt during 2016 by Tour-De-Force Power Engineering. It is often seen in historic F1 demonstrations in the UK and Europe. It retains the original Hart 415T engine and Hewland derived gearbox.
* Piercarlo Ghinzani during practice for the 1985 European Grand Prix at Brands Hatch.
* Teo Fabi, also during practice for the 1985 European Grand Prix.

## Complete Formula One results

(key) (Results shown in bold indicate pole position)
| Year | Team | Engine | Tyres | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pts. | WCC |
| 1985 | Toleman Group Motorsport | Hart 415T S4 t/c | P | | BRA | POR | SMR | MON | CAN | DET | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | BEL | EUR | RSA | AUS | 0 | NC |
| 1985 | Toleman Group Motorsport | Hart 415T S4 t/c | P | Teo Fabi | | | | Ret | Ret | Ret | 14 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 12 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 0 | NC |
| 1985 | Toleman Group Motorsport | Hart 415T S4 t/c | P | Piercarlo Ghinzani | | | | | | | | | | DNS | Ret | DNS | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 0 | NC |
# Edna Kenton

Edna Kenton (March 17, 1876 – February 28, 1954) was an American writer and literary critic. Kenton is best remembered for her 1928 work The Book of Earths, which collected various unusual and controversial theories about a hollow earth, Atlantis, and similar matters.

## Early life and education

Edna Baldwin Kenton was born in Springfield, Missouri in 1876. Her father, James Edgar Kenton, was a bookkeeper. She attended Drury College, as did her brother Maurice and her sister Mabel, and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1897. She worked in Chicago as a young woman, where she knew Theodore Dreiser.

## Career

Kenton's first novel, What Manner of Man (1903), was published while she was still in her twenties. A second, Clem, followed in 1907. Later she concentrated on essays and short stories, as a contributor to Harper's Magazine, Century Magazine, Virginia Quarterly Review, and other periodicals. She also served on the advisory board of The Seven Arts, a short-lived but influential literary magazine. Kenton wrote some important criticism of Henry James, especially her essay "Henry James to the Ruminant Reader" (1924), which introduced a novel reading of The Turn of the Screw. Her last publication was an edited collection of Henry James stories.
She is credited with writing the screenplay for the silent film Bondage (1917), directed by Ida May Park and starring Dorothy Phillips.
Kenton was an active suffragist and a charter member of Heterodoxy, a feminist debating club based in Greenwich Village. She served on the executive board of the Provincetown Players, led by fellow Heterodites Eleanor Fitzgerald and Susan Glaspell, and wrote a history of the company, published many years later. She also wrote a biography of her kinsman, frontiersman Simon Kenton, and several books based on the letters of Jesuit missionaries in North America. But it was The Book of Earths (1928), her collection of esoteric theories about a hollow earth, Atlantis, ancient maps, and similar topics, that found the most enthusiastic and lasting readership, and continues in print.

## Personal life

Edna Kenton died in 1954, age 77; author Leon Edel eulogized her in the New York Times. A small collection of her papers is at Columbia University.
# Josef Berne

Josef Berne (January 19, 1904 – December 19, 1964) was a Russian-born American writer, film director and producer. Berne was born Josef Berstein on January 19, 1904, in Kyiv, Russia (now Ukraine). He also wrote and directed Yiddish language dramas.
He directed 32 films between 1933 and 1950, most of which were short films.
He died on December 19, 1964, aged 60 in Palm Springs, California.

## Selected filmography

* La vida bohemia (1938)
* Mirele Efros (1939) an adaptation of Yiddish play by Jacob Gordin of the same name
* Jam Session (1942)
* Turkey in the Straw (1942), short film starring Freddie Fisher
* Heavenly Music (1943) won Academy Award for Best Short Subject
* Lucky Cowboy (1944)
* They Live in Fear (1944)
* Down Missouri Way (1946)
# Baumgärtl Heliofly III

The Baumgärtl Heliofly III/57 and Baumgärtl Heliofly III/59 were 1940s experimental backpack helicopters designed and built by the Austrian-designer Paul Baumgärtl. Following on from his earlier experiments with strap-on autogyros the Heliofly III/57 was powered by two 8 hp (6 kW) Argus As 8 piston engines each driving a single-blade of the contra-rotating rotors.
A problem with the supply of the As 8 engine forced a re-design to use one 16 hp (12 kW) engine, powering two rotors on a common co-axial shaft, with the engine driving one rotor directly and the other through gearing to overcome the torque effects.

## Specifications (16hp)

Data from The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)
* Empty weight: 35 kg (77 lb)
* Gross weight: 120 kg (265 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × piston engine , 12 kW (16 hp)
* Main rotor diameter: 2 × 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)
# Walter W. Westall

Walter Wilbert Westall (October 9, 1880, in Cornwall, Orange County, New York – June 4, 1968) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of John Wendt Westall Jr. He attended Cornwall High School. He graduated from Syracuse University School of Law, and began the practice of law in Syracuse. Later he removed to White Plains, and practiced law in Westchester County and New York City. He married Marion Edna (died 1966), and they had one daughter.
Westall was a member of the New York State Assembly (Westchester Co., 2nd D.) in 1919, 1920, 1921 and 1922.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (25th D.) from 1923 to 1934, sitting in the 146th, 147th, 148th, 149th, 150th, 151st, 152nd, 153rd, 154th, 155th, 156th and 157th New York State Legislature.
He was Secretary of the Westchester County Republican Committee from 1945 until his death in 1968.

## Sources

* History of the Valley of the Hudson (Vol. 5; 1931; pg. 354)
* MRS. WALTER WESTALL in NYT on May 26, 1966 (subscription required)
* WALTER W. WESTALL, REPUBLICAN LEADER in NYT on June 6, 1968 (subscription required)
New York State Assembly :
| Preceded byWilliam J. Fallon | New York State Assembly Westchester County, 2nd District 1919–1922 | Succeeded byHerbert B. Shonk |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byGeorge T. Burling | New York State Senate 25th District 1923–1934 | Succeeded byPliny W. Williamson |
# Marriage promotion

Marriage promotion is a policy aiming to produce "strong families" for the purposes of social security; as found in 21st-century American maternalism.

## United States politics

This promotion has its roots in the roots in the 1996 Welfare Reform Act.
Childbirth with marriage is supported along with the marriage promotion as two people can raise a baby better than an unwed mother or father. Marriage was promoted in the 1990s in order to promote family values. Rising divorce rates in the 1980s and 1990s in addition to plummeting marriage rates, however, allowed then U.S. President George W. Bush to pass a nationwide marriage promotion law in the 2000s.
One randomized controlled study reported that the most effective marriage promotion program simply provided assistance for job stability.
# Abdelkader Moukhtatif

Abdelkader Moukhtatif (1934 – 4 August 2022) was a Moroccan footballer who played as a midfielder. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He died on 4 August 2022.
# Bed-e Khva

Bed Khvah (2) (Persian: (۲)بید خواه) is a village in Khwahan district, Badakhshan province, northeastern Afghanistan.
# Georgi Georgiev (hurdler)

Georgi P. Georgiev (Bulgarian: Георги П. Георгиев, born 31 May 1968) is a retired Bulgarian hurdler who specialized in the 110 metres hurdles.
He competed at the 1991 World Championships without reaching the final. He became Bulgarian champion in 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1994. His personal best time was 13.90 seconds, achieved in June 1993 in Brussels.
# Hyposidra talaca

Hyposidra talaca, the black looper or black inch worm, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is found from India to Indochina, Sundaland, Sulawesi, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, the Solomon Islands, Thailand, Taiwan, New Guinea and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. It is a major defoliating pest in tea plantations.

## Description

The wingspan is about 30 mm. Female with outer margin of hindwings hardly crenulate. Male with outer margin of neither wing excised. Antennae pectinated. Hindwings with outer margin angled at vein 4. Body dark olive fuscous, more or less irrorated and suffused with grey. Both wings faint traces of medial and crenulate postmedial lines. The cilia dark. Forewings with traces of antemedial line and more or less distinct sub-apical patch in male. Underside with crenulate postmedial line to both wings.
Larva is a looper, with body pinkish olive green, irrorated with black, and with dark patches on 4th and 6th somites. Later instars are uniform brown.
The larvae feed on the foliage of a wide range of plants, including Anacardium, Bombax, Terminalia, Chromolaena, Gynura, Mikania, Cupressus, Aleurites, Aporosa, Bischofia, Breynia, Glochidion, Hevea, Manihot, Ficus, Morus, Psidium, Polygonum, Rubus, Cinchona, Coffea, Mussaenda, Citrus, Euodia, Schleichera, Theobroma, Perilla frutescens, Camellia and Tectona species.
Eggs and caterpillars are largely susceptible for many parasitized hymenopterans, and birds.

## Subspecies

* Hyposidra talaca talaca
* Hyposidra talaca schistacea Warren, 1896
* Hyposidra talaca successaria (Walker, 1860)
# Patti Anahory

Patricia Anahory (born 1969) is an American-Cape Verdean architect. In 2000, she became the first Black person and only the second woman to receive the Rotch Traveling Scholarship.

## Biography

Born on a ship traveling on the Atlantic Ocean en route to São Tomé and Principe, Anahory lived there for seven years before being raised in Cape Verde. She moved to the United States where she studied architecture at the Boston Architectural College and earned a Master of Architecture degree from Princeton University.
In 2000, she became the first Black person and only the second woman to receive the Rotch Traveling Scholarship. Her research funded by the scholarship involved traveling across the African continent to study the relationship between architecture and identity.
From 2009 to 2012, Anahory served as the founding director of CIDLOT, a multidisciplinary research center at the University of Cape Verde, where she introduced "decolonial approaches to broader research."
In 2022, alongside Felecia Davis, she was selected as the alternate for the WOJR-Civitella Ranieri Foundation Architecture Prize. Since that same year, Anahory has served on the Board of Academic Advisors at the African Futures Institute (AFI), an independent postgraduate center for architectural research in Ghana, led by Royal Gold Medal winner Lesley Lokko. From 2022 to 2023, Anahory was a visiting professor at Columbia University.
She has been a member of the jury for various academic, national and international awards, including the first edition of the Africa Architecture Awards in 2017 and the 2023 RIBA President's Dissertation Medal, alongside Samir Pandya, Belgin Turan Ozkaya, Luca Molinari, Richard Anderson and Katy Beinart.
She is the co-founder of Storia na Lugar, a storytelling and counter-narrative platform whose work was exhibited at the 17th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2021 Venice Biennale of Architecture. She also co-curates her(e), otherwise, an experimental platform that invites African and diaspora women architects to interrogate notions of representation and belonging.
Her research focuses on "interrogating narratives of belonging across geopolitical, memory, race, gender constructs, and on exploring the politics of identity from an African island perspective."
She has various completed architecture projects in Cabo Verde, Ghana, and Portugal.

## Publications

* 2022: Panorama of Dwelling Architecture in Cabo Verde (Panorama da Arquitetura Habitacional em Cabo Verde), Edições UniCV, alongside Andreia Moassab.
# Pernil

Pernil (pernil asado, pernil al horno, roast pork) is a slow-roasted marinated pork leg or pork shoulder common in Latin American cuisine, including that of Puerto Rico. Pernil is typically accompanied by rice and is commonly shared during Christmas.
The pork shoulder is used as a whole piece, with skin and bone. It is marinated the day prior to roasting with sofrito, salt and pepper, plus possibly additional spices (oregano and adobo). Sofrito is placed deep within the meat through small cuts. After marination the covered meat is slowly roasted initially in the oven for several hours, and, in the final phase, at a higher temperature with the cover off to get the skin crisp. When finished, the meat falls off the bone, and the crisp skin (cuero) is separated, cleared of fat, and can be served separately as cueritos (pork skin chips).
# Abderrahman Naanaa

Abderrahman Naanaa (born 17 June 1965) is a Moroccan wrestler. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Osteochilichthys nashii

Osteochilichthys nashii, Nash's barb, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the family which includes the carps, barbs, minnows and allies. This fish is endemic to the Western Ghats in Kerala and Karnataka in southern India.
# Rumen Nenov

Rumen Nenov (Bulgarian: Румен Ненов; 29 December 1969 – 15 June 2017) was a Bulgarian footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Honours
### CSKA Sofia

* A Group: 1991–92
* Bulgarian Cup: 1992–93
# Quigley scale

The Quigley scale is a descriptive, visual system of phenotypic grading that defines seven classes between "fully masculinized" and "fully feminized" genitalia. It was proposed by pediatric endocrinologist Charmian A. Quigley et al. in 1995. It is similar in function to the Prader scale and is used to describe genitalia in cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome, including complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, partial androgen insensitivity syndrome and mild androgen insensitivity syndrome.

## Staging

The first six grades of the scale, grades 1 through 6, are differentiated by the degree of genital masculinization. Quigley describes the scale as depicting "severity" or "defective masculinization". Grade 1 is indicated when the external genitalia is fully masculinized, and corresponds to mild androgen insensitivity syndrome. Grades 6 and 7 are indicated when the external genitalia is fully feminized, corresponding to complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
Grades 2 through 5 quantify four degrees of decreasingly masculinized genitalia that lie in the interim. Grades 2 through 5 of the Quigley scale quantify four degrees of increasingly feminized genitalia that correspond to partial androgen insensitivity syndrome.
Grade 7 is indistinguishable from grade 6 until puberty, and is thereafter differentiated by the presence of secondary terminal hair. Grade 6 is indicated when secondary terminal hair is present, whereas grade 7 is indicated when it is absent.

## Controversy

While the scale has been defined as a grading system for feminized or undermasculinized genitalia, the concept that atypical genitals are necessarily abnormal is contested. An opinion paper by the Swiss National Advisory Centre for Biomedical Ethics advises that "not infrequently" variations from sex norms may not be pathological or require medical treatment. Similarly, an Australian Senate Committee report on involuntary sterilization determined that research "regarding 'adequate' or 'normal' genitals, particularly for women, raises some disturbing questions", including preferences influenced by doctors' specialism and gender. In a 2015 issue paper on Human rights and intersex people, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe recommended a review of medical classification that pathologise variations in sex characteristics.

## Related concepts

Numerous clinical scales and measurement systems exist to define genitals as normal male or female, or "abnormal", including the orchidometer, Prader scale and the satirical Phall-O-Meter.
# Yake, Somalia

Yake (Yaka, Yaka Yaka, Yaka yake, Yakayake) is a populated place in the northeastern Bari region of Somalia.
Yake is the second largest settlement in the Qardho District. It belongs to the Karkaar region in the Puntland classification.

## History
### Before Somalia Independence

Yake appears in a book published in England in 1951 under the name "Yaka".

### After the Somali Civil War

Yake grew rapidly in 1996.
As of 2002, 500 families lived in the area. The water supply was from 33 Berkad, or rainwater reservoirs. During the dry season, water was transported by truck.
In March 2014, President Puntland visited Yake.
In March 2016, a drought occurred in Qardho District, including Yake, and the Al-Minhaj Foundation distributed food and other resources.
In June 2019, five people were in a coma and three were missing due to a combination of cold and rain in Yake.
In September 2021, the Puntland government constructed a well in Yake.