# Non-metropolitan district

Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially "shire districts", are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties (colloquially shire counties) in a two-tier arrangement. Non-metropolitan districts with borough status are known as boroughs, able to appoint a mayor and refer to itself as a borough council. Some shire counties, for example Cornwall, now have no sub-divisions so are a single non-metropolitan district.
Typically, a district will consist of a market town and its more rural hinterland. However, districts are diverse, with some being mostly urban (such as Dartford) and others more polycentric (such as Thurrock).

## Structure

Non-metropolitan districts are subdivisions of English non-metropolitan counties which have a two-tier structure of local government. Two-tier non-metropolitan counties have a county council and several districts, each with a borough or district council. In these cases local government functions are divided between county and district councils, to the level where they can be practised most efficiently:
* Borough/district councils are responsible for local planning and building control, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.
* County councils are responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, fire services, Trading Standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.
* In the case where a non-metropolitan county consists of a single non-metropolitan district, there is a single council, a unitary authority, that is responsible for all functions.
| Service | Non-metropolitan county | Non-metropolitan district | Unitary authority |
| Education | Y | | Y |
| Housing | | Y | Y |
| Planning applications | | Y | Y |
| Strategic planning | Y | | Y |
| Transport planning | Y | | Y |
| Passenger transport | Y | | Y |
| Highways | Y | | Y |
| Fire | Y | | Y |
| Social services | Y | | Y |
| Libraries | Y | | Y |
| Leisure and recreation | | Y | Y |
| Waste collection | | Y | Y |
| Waste disposal | Y | | Y |
| Environmental health | | Y | Y |
| Revenue collection | | Y | Y |

## Status

Many districts have borough status, which means the local council is called a borough council instead of district council and gives them the right to appoint a mayor. Borough status is granted by royal charter and, in many cases, continues a style enjoyed by a predecessor authority, which can date back centuries. Some districts such as Oxford or Exeter have city status, granted by letters patent, but this does not give the local council any extra powers other than the right to call itself a city council.

## History

By 1899, England had been divided at district level into rural districts, urban districts, municipal boroughs, county boroughs and metropolitan boroughs. This system was abolished by the London Government Act 1963 and the Local Government Act 1972. Non-metropolitan districts were created by this act in 1974 when England outside Greater London was divided into metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan counties. Metropolitan counties were sub-divided into metropolitan districts and the non-metropolitan counties were sub-divided into non-metropolitan districts. The metropolitan districts had more powers than their non-metropolitan counterparts. Initially, there were 296 non-metropolitan districts in the two-tier structure, but reforms in the 1990s and 2009 reduced their number to 192. A further 55 non-metropolitan districts are now unitary authorities, which combine the functions of county and borough/district councils.

### Scotland and Wales

In Wales, an almost identical two-tier system of local government existed between 1974 and 1996 (see Districts of Wales). In 1996, this was abolished and replaced with an entirely unitary system of local government, with one level of local government responsible for all local services. Since the areas for Wales and England had been enacted separately and there were no Welsh metropolitan areas, the term 'non-metropolitan district' does not apply to Wales. A similar system existed in Scotland, which in 1975 was divided into regions and districts, this was also abolished in 1996 and replaced with a fully unitary system.

## District Councils' Network

In England most of the district councils are represented by the District Councils' Network, special interest group which sits within the Local Government Association. The network's purpose is to "act as an informed and representative advocate for districts to government and other national bodies, based on their unique position to deliver for local people."

## List of counties and districts

This is a list of two-tier non-metropolitan counties and their districts. All unitary authorities are also non-metropolitan districts, which, with the exception of those of Berkshire, are coterminous with non-metropolitan counties.
For a full list of districts of all types including unitary authorities, metropolitan districts and London boroughs, see Districts of England.
| Non-metropolitan county (excluding unitary authorities) | Non-metropolitan districts (excluding unitary authorities) | Number |
| Cambridgeshire | Cambridge – South Cambridgeshire – Huntingdonshire – Fenland – East Cambridgeshire | 005 |
| Derbyshire | High Peak – Derbyshire Dales – South Derbyshire – Erewash – Amber Valley – North East Derbyshire – Chesterfield – Bolsover | 008 |
| Devon | Exeter – East Devon – Mid Devon – North Devon – Torridge – West Devon – South Hams – Teignbridge | 008 |
| East Sussex | Hastings – Rother – Wealden – Eastbourne – Lewes | 005 |
| Essex | Harlow – Epping Forest – Brentwood – Basildon – Castle Point – Rochford – Maldon – Chelmsford – Uttlesford – Braintree – Colchester – Tendring | 012 |
| Gloucestershire | Gloucester – Tewkesbury – Cheltenham – Cotswold – Stroud – Forest of Dean | 006 |
| Hampshire | Gosport – Fareham – Winchester – Havant – East Hampshire – Hart – Rushmoor – Basingstoke and Deane – Test Valley – Eastleigh – New Forest | 011 |
| Hertfordshire | Three Rivers – Watford – Hertsmere – Welwyn Hatfield – Broxbourne – East Hertfordshire – Stevenage – North Hertfordshire – St Albans – Dacorum | 010 |
| Kent | Dartford – Gravesham – Sevenoaks – Tonbridge and Malling – Tunbridge Wells – Maidstone – Swale – Ashford – Folkestone and Hythe – Canterbury – Dover – Thanet | 012 |
| Lancashire | West Lancashire – Chorley – South Ribble – Fylde – Preston – Wyre – Lancaster – Ribble Valley – Pendle – Burnley – Rossendale – Hyndburn | 012 |
| Leicestershire | Charnwood – Melton – Harborough – Oadby and Wigston – Blaby – Hinckley and Bosworth – North West Leicestershire | 007 |
| Lincolnshire | Lincoln – North Kesteven – South Kesteven – South Holland – Boston – East Lindsey – West Lindsey | 007 |
| Norfolk | Norwich – South Norfolk – Great Yarmouth – Broadland – North Norfolk – King's Lynn and West Norfolk – Breckland | 007 |
| Nottinghamshire | Rushcliffe – Broxtowe – Ashfield – Gedling – Newark and Sherwood – Mansfield – Bassetlaw | 007 |
| Oxfordshire | Oxford – Cherwell – South Oxfordshire – Vale of White Horse – West Oxfordshire | 005 |
| Staffordshire | Tamworth – Lichfield – Cannock Chase – South Staffordshire – Stafford – Newcastle-under-Lyme – Staffordshire Moorlands – East Staffordshire | 008 |
| Suffolk | Ipswich – Babergh – East Suffolk – Mid Suffolk – West Suffolk | 005 |
| Surrey | Spelthorne – Runnymede – Surrey Heath – Woking – Elmbridge – Guildford – Waverley – Mole Valley – Epsom and Ewell – Reigate and Banstead – Tandridge | 011 |
| Warwickshire | North Warwickshire – Nuneaton and Bedworth – Rugby – Stratford-on-Avon – Warwick | 005 |
| West Sussex | Worthing – Arun – Chichester – Horsham – Crawley – Mid Sussex – Adur | 007 |
| Worcestershire | Worcester – Malvern Hills – Wyre Forest – Bromsgrove – Redditch – Wychavon | 006 |
| Total | Total | 164 |

## List of abolished non-metropolitan districts

This is a list of former two-tier districts in England which have been abolished, by local government reorganisations such as the 2009 structural changes to local government in England. It does not include districts that still exist after becoming a unitary authority or those that transferred from one county to another, including those that changed name. Nor does it include unitary authorities that have been abolished (Bournemouth and Poole).
| Non-metropolitan county (at time of abolition) | Abolished two-tier non-metropolitan districts | Number |
| Avon | Bath – Kingswood – Northavon – Wansdyke | 04 |
| Bedfordshire | Mid Bedfordshire – South Bedfordshire | 02 |
| Buckinghamshire | South Bucks – Chiltern – Wycombe – Aylesbury Vale | 04 |
| Cheshire | Chester – Congleton – Crewe and Nantwich – Ellesmere Port and Neston – Macclesfield – Vale Royal | 06 |
| Cornwall | Caradon – Carrick – Kerrier – North Cornwall – Penwith – Restormel | 06 |
| Cumbria | Barrow-in-Furness – South Lakeland – Copeland – Allerdale – Eden – Carlisle | 06 |
| Dorset | Weymouth and Portland – West Dorset – North Dorset – Purbeck – East Dorset – Christchurch | 06 |
| Durham | Durham – Easington – Sedgefield – Chester-le-Street – Derwentside – Wear Valley – Teesdale | 07 |
| East Sussex | Brighton – Hove | 02 |
| Hereford and Worcester | Hereford – Leominster – Malvern Hills – South Herefordshire | 03 |
| Humberside | East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley – Boothferry – Cleethorpes – East Yorkshire – Glanford – Great Grimsby – Holderness – Scunthorpe | 08 |
| Isle of Wight | Medina – South Wight | 02 |
| Kent | Gillingham – Rochester-upon-Medway | 02 |
| Northamptonshire | South Northamptonshire – Northampton – Daventry – Wellingborough – Kettering – Corby – East Northamptonshire | 07 |
| North Yorkshire | York – Selby – Harrogate – Craven – Richmondshire – Hambleton – Ryedale – Scarborough | 08 |
| Northumberland | Blyth Valley – Wansbeck – Castle Morpeth – Tynedale – Alnwick – Berwick-upon-Tweed | 06 |
| Shropshire | Bridgnorth – North Shropshire – Oswestry – Shrewsbury and Atcham – South Shropshire | 05 |
| Somerset | Taunton Deane – West Somerset – South Somerset – Somerset West and Taunton – Sedgemoor – Mendip | 06 |
| Suffolk | Forest Heath – St Edmundsbury – Suffolk Coastal – Waveney | 04 |
| Wiltshire | Kennet – North Wiltshire – Salisbury – West Wiltshire | 04 |
| Total | Total | 98 |