OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Aghdam (625)

Battle of Aghdam is battle between Byzantine and Sasanian armies. As a result of the battle, Shahin's army was defeated and Heraclius was able to move against Shahrvaraz's army.

## Background and Battle

In early April 623, the Byzantines, led by Heraclius, invaded Persarmenia and defeated Khosrow's army at the Battle of Ganzak. After this victory, Heraclius moved into the depths of the Caucasus. In response to the actions of the Byzantine emperor, Khosrow sent three armies to block the actions of Heraclius. The army of Shahrvaraz moved from the Syria, and the army of Shahin moved from Chalcedon. However, the Byzantines managed to successfully retreat to the north, where they stayed for the winter. By the spring of the following year, the army of Heraclius was surrounded by three Persian armies, under the command of Shahin, Shahrvaraz and Shahraplakan. Having selected the best soldiers from his army, he abruptly moved to the west, caught Shahin's army by surprise and defeated it, and then moved to meet Shahrvaraz.

## Aftermath

Having defeated Shahin's army, Heraclius moved towards Shahrvaraz and defeated his army at Archesh
# Armenian First League

The Armenian First League (Armenian: Հայաստանի Առաջին լիգա, romanized: Hayastani Arrajin liga) is currently the second level football competition in Armenia after the Armenian Premier League. The competition exists mostly out of reserve teams of several Premier League clubs; however, other teams also participate. The reserve teams are not eligible for promotion to the highest level, resulting in situations where a club promotes even when they finish the season in a mid-table position.

## 2024–25 Member clubs

| Club | Location | Stadium | Capacity |
| Noah-2 | Abovyan | Abovyan City Stadium | 1188 |
| Ararat Yerevan-2 | Dzoraghbyur | Dzoraghbyur Training Centre | 300 |
| Mika | Yerevan | Mika Stadium | 7250 |
| Ararat-Armenia-2 | Yerevan | Yerevan Football Academy Stadium | 1,500 |
| BKMA-2 | Yerevan | Vagharshapat Football Academy | 300 |
| Syunik | Kapan | Gandzasar Stadium | 3,500 |
| Lernayin Artsakh | Sisian | Sisian City Stadium | 500 |
| Bentonit | Vanadzor | Lori Stadium | 5000 |
| Andranik | Vardenis | Sevan City Stadium | 100 |
| Nikarm | Ijevan | Lori Stadium | 5000 |
| Pyunik-2 | Yerevan | Pyunik Stadium | 780 |
| Shirak-2 | Gyumri | Gyumri City Stadium | 2,844 |
| Urartu-2 | Yerevan | Urartu Training Centre | 500 |

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Runner-up |
| 1992 | Ararat Ararat | Aragats |
| 1993 | Zangezour | Artashat |
| 1993 | Lori Vanadzor | Aznavour |
| 1994 | Aragats | Kasagh |
| 1995 | transitional season (no winner) | |
| 1995–96 | Arabkir | BKMA Yerevan |
| 1996–97 | Dvin Artashat | Lori Vanadzor |
| 1997 | Aragats | Spitak |
| 1998 | Zvartnots-AAL | Lori |
| 1999 | Dinamo Yerevan | Mika-Kasagh |
| 2000 | Armenicum | Karabakh |
| 2001 | Malatia | FIMA Yerevan |
| 2002 | Armavir | FC Araks |
| 2003 | Kilikia | Vagharshapat |
| 2004 | Pyunik-2 | Lernayin Artsakh |
| 2005 | Pyunik-2 | Ararat Yerevan |
| 2006 | Pyunik-2 | Lernayin Artsakh |
| 2007 | Pyunik-2 | Mika-2 |
| 2008 | Shengavit (Ulisses-2) | Pyunik-2 |
| 2009 | Impulse | Shengavit (Ulisses-2) |
| 2010 | Ararat Yerevan | Banants-2 |
| 2011 | Shengavit (Ulisses-2) | Mika-2 |
| 2012–13 | Alashkert | Pyunik-2 |
| 2013–14 | Banants-2 | Alashkert-2 |
| 2014–15 | Alashkert-2 | Banants-2 |
| 2015–16 | Alashkert-2 | Mika-2 |
| 2016–17 | Banants-2 | Pyunik-2 |
| 2017–18 | Lori | Artsakh |
| 2018–19 | Junior Sevan | Yerevan |
| 2019–20 | Van | Lokomotiv Yerevan |
| 2020–21 | Sevan | BKMA |
| 2021–22 | Lernayin Artsakh | Shirak |
| 2022-23 | West Armenia | BKMA-2 |
| 2023-24 | Gandzasar Kapan | Syunik |
# Megalith Records

Megalith Records is a ska record label founded on August 22, 2002 and located in Norman, Oklahoma. It is owned by Robert "Bucket" Hingley of The Toasters and the defunct label Moon Ska Records, and managed by Jeremy Patton, current webmaster and graphic artist for the Toasters. Manufacturing duties are carried out by Brett of AtoZ Media Services, a CD pressing plant company based in New York City.
In addition to CDs and LPs, all of the label's releases are available from more than 50 digital download pay sites. The label has released more than 60 records. The label has released some digital-only albums and plans to continue this, many of which are releases that have been out of print for years, or have not had physical releases available in the United States. The label has struck a physical distribution deal with MVD Entertainment Group, for in-store CD product sales and distribution.

## Bands

* 3 Minute Warning
* Babylove and the Van Dangos
* Betagarri
* The BiG
* The Bluebeats
* Bigger Thomas
* Bomb Town
* Channel One
* Deal's Gone Bad
* The Dendrites
* Deskarats
* Desorden Público
* Don Segundo
* Eastern Standard Time
* Fast Food Orchestra
* Hub City Stompers
* Kingston Kitchen
* King Django
* Los Furios
* Los Skarnales
* Mile 21
* Mr. T-Bone
* New York Ska-Jazz Ensemble
* Open Season
* The Palookas
* Pannonia Allstars Ska Orchestra
* The Pepper Pots
* RiceRokit
* Rotterdam Ska-Jazz Foundation
* Royal City Riot
* Royal Roost
* The Rudie Crew
* Ryan Scroggins And The Trenchtown Texans
* The Scorchers
* St. Petersburg Ska-Jazz Review
* The Toasters
* Two And A Half White Guys
* 2Tone Lizard Kings
* Westbound Train
* Victor Rice
* The Void Union
# Hubei University

Hubei University (湖北大学) is a public university in Wuhan, Hubei, China.
The institute was founded in 1931 as Hubei Provincial Education College. The college moved between locations and changed its name several times during its half-century of development. Since 1984, it was renamed Hubei University.

## History

* 1984 – Present: Hubei University (湖北大学)
* 1958 – 1984: Wuhan Teachers College (武汉师范学院)
* 1957 – 1958: Wuhan Teachers Vocational School (武汉师范专科学校)
* 1954 – 1957: Hubei Teachers Vocational School (湖北师范专科学校)
* 1952 – 1954: Hubei Teachers Vocational College (湖北省教师进修学院)
* 1949 – 1952: Hubei Education College (湖北省教育学院)
* 1944 – 1949: National Hubei Teachers College (国立湖北师范学院)
* 1931 – 1943: Hubei Provincial Education College (湖北省立教育学院)

## Notable faculty

* Andrew Jacobs, former English teacher
# Nandakumar (film)

Nandhakumar is a 1938 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Keshav Rao Dhaibar. Produced by A. V. Meiyappan, the mythological film stars T. P. Rajalakshmi, C. V. V. Panthulu, and T. S. Rajalakshmi. T. R. Mahalingam and T. R. Ramachandran made their cinematic debuts through the film.

## Plot

The film is about the birth and life of Krishna.

## Cast

* T. R. Mahalingam as Krishna
* T. P. Rajalakshmi as Yashoda
* T. R. Ramachandran
* T. S. Rajalakshmi as Radha
* Master Sethuraman as young Krishna
* C. V. V. Panthulu as Nandagopan

## Production

The Marathi filmmaker Keshav Rao Dhaibar planned to produce and direct a Marathi film based on the life of Lord Krishna with A. V. Meiyappan and Jayanthilal Thakore agreeing to produce the Tamil version. T. P. Rajalakshmi was signed up to play Yeshoda, with C. V. V. Panthulu, as Nandagopan. T. S. Rajalakshmi portrayed the role of Radha. T. R. Mahalingam, who was then a stage actor made his acting debut with this film at the age of 14 portraying the character of Lord Krishna. T. R. Ramachandran, who went to become a famous comedian and music composer S. V. Venkataraman started their career with this film.
Dhaibar and Meiyappan were disappointed with a song sung by the actress who portrayed Devaki's mother hence they both came up with an innovative idea to replace the soundtrack with another voice. Lalitha Venkatraman, prominent Carnatic vocalist in Mumbai was brought in to do the playback singing thus earned her the credit of being the first playback singer of Tamil cinema and also became the first Tamil film to introduce playback singing. Meiyappan took the Club House in Mount Road on lease and shot scenes with erecting the sets.
# Cemal Reşit Rey Concert Hall

The Cemal Reşit Rey Concert Hall (Turkish: Cemal Reşit Rey Konser Salonu) is a concert hall located in the Harbiye neighbourhood of Istanbul, Turkey. It is one of the country's major concert halls, being the first one designed for classical music. Named after the Turkish composer Cemal Reşit Rey (1904–1985), the hall is owned by the Metropolitan Municipality of Istanbul and operated by its subsidiary, the Kültür company. Opened in March 1989, it has a seating capacity of 860.
The concert hall hosts concerts, ballet and dance performances every year between October and May. It is also home to CRR Istanbul Symphony Orchestra, Turkish Musical Ensemble, CRR Big Band Jazz and CRR Instrumental Soloists.
The concert hall underwent an overhaul of its stage, stage and auditorium acoustics, foyer and auditorium design, heating and air conditioning facilities beginning in August 2007. The renovation works cost around ₺4 million (approx. US$3 million at that time), and were completed before the start of the new concert season.
# David Sze

David Sze is an American entrepreneur, investor, and managing partner at the venture capital firm Greylock Partners. He was named on Forbes's Midas List in 2013 and 2014. He is a member of the Northern Lights Venture Capital Board of Advisors and oversees Greylock’s investments in those funds. He is also a Trustee of Yale University and Rockefeller University. He holds a BA from Yale University and an MBA from Stanford University.

## Career
### Excite, Inc.

Before joining Greylock Partners in 2000, Sze was SVP of Product Strategy at Excite and then Excite@Home. Sze's Prior roles at Excite included general manager of Excite.com and vice president of Content and Programming for the Excite Network.

### Greylock Partners

Sze joined Greylock in 2000 as a result of his involvement in consumer companies. Greylock moved their headquarters from Boston to Silicon Valley’s Sand Hill Road. Sze led early investments in companies including Facebook, Pandora, LinkedIn, Workday, and Palo Alto Networks. In 2013, Sze and Reid Hoffman announced Greylock's 14th fund of $1 billion.
Sze has previously invested in NOCpulse, New Edge Networks, Oodle, Revision3, SGN, SoftCoin, VUDU, and Digg, all of which have been acquired by larger companies.

## Personal life

His sister is artist, Sarah Sze. His grandfather, Szeming Sze, was involved in establishing the UN's World Health Organization.
# Młynik, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Młynik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sorkwity, within Mrągowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Sorkwity, 9 km (6 mi) west of Mrągowo, and 46 km (29 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Aistis

Aistis is a Lithuanian given name and ethnonymic surname derived from the given name/nickname literally meaning "person from the Aesti tribe". Notable people with the name include:
* Aistis Pilauskas, Lithuanian professional basketball player
* Jonas Aistis, Lithuanian writer, poet, and essayist
# Dianchicystis

Dianchicystis is an extinct genus of vetulocystid deuterostome. It was found in Jianshan, China, near Haikou, in the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation.

## Etymology

Jianshan is to the locality from which the four initial specimens were collected, and "Dianchi" comes from nearby Dianchi lake.

## Description

It is disinguished from Vetulicocystis by an anterior cone that has ribs that are not arranged in platelets, as well as a tapering "tail" (posterior section) with oblique striations. The posterior section has weakly developed furrows, possibly indicating segmentation.

## Phylogeny

* paleontology portal
# Carrigans railway station

Carrigans railway station served Carrigans, County Donegal, in Ulster, Ireland.

## History

The Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway opened the station on 19 April 1847. It was taken over by the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) in 1883, and became part of the Ulster Transport Authority on dissolution of the GNR in 1958, but was staffed by CIÉ due to it being in the Republic.
The station was closed, as was the entire Derry Road line on 15 February 1965.

## Routes

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Londonderry Cow Market | Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway Londonderry to Enniskillen 1847-1850 | St. Johnston |
| Londonderry Foyle Road | Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway Londonderry to Enniskillen 1850-1965 | St. Johnston |
# Mohd Edrus Yunus

Muhammad Edrus Muhammad Yunos (born 19 July 1987) is a Malaysian male track cyclist. He competed in the two events at the 2011 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and in the three events at the 2012 UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
# Młynowo, Kętrzyn County

Młynowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Srokowo, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.
# It's Only Natural (song)

"It's Only Natural" is a song by New Zealand-Australian rock group Crowded House from their 1991 album, Woodface. The single was originally issued as a promotional single in June 1991 with the intent to release the song as the lead single for Woodface; however, due to changes made, the single wasn't released until December 1991, when it served as the third single from the album. In the UK, "It's Only Natural" was the fifth Woodface single, released in September 1992. The song reached number 15 in Australia, number 24 on the UK Singles Chart, and number five on the US Modern Rock Chart.

## Reception

Junkee said the song was, "deservedly serving as one of [Crowded House's] most revered. Who else but Neil and Tim could put a minor fall after a major lift and still have it sound like pristine pop? Their omnipresent harmonies bolster the song’s already-robust arrangement, creating something thoroughly distinctive and ultimately career-defining."

## Track listings

Australian CD one
* "It's Only Natural" – 3:31
* "Dr. Livingstone" – 3:57
* "Fame Is" – 2:21
Australian CD two
* "It's Only Natural" – 3:31
* "Recurring Dream"
* "Hole in the River" (live)
* "Better Be Home Soon"
* "I Walk Away"
1992 European release
* "It's Only Natural" – 3:31
* "Fame Is" – 2:21
UK 7-inch and cassette release
* "It's Only Natural" – 3:31
* "Chocolate Cake"
UK CD one
* "It's Only Natural" – 3:31
* "It's Only Natural" – 6:21 (live, Sheffield City Hall, England 21 June 1992, incl "six months in a leaky boat")
* "Hole in the River" – 5:58 (live, Cambridge Corn Exchange, England, 6 March 1992)
* "The Burglar's Song" – 7:21 (medley) around the UK in 7 minutes, (live, at various locations on the Crowded House European Vacation tour, summer '92)
UK CD two
* "It's Only Natural" – 3:31
* "Sister Madly" – 5:14 (live, Newcastle City Hall, England, 2 March 1992)
* "There Goes God" – 5:35 (live, Brighton Centre, England, 7 July 1992)
* "Chocolate Cake" – 5:45 (live, Wolverhampton Civic Hall, England, 18 June 1992)
German CD
* "It's Only Natural" – 3:31
* "Fame Is" – 2:21
* "Dr. Livingstone" – 3:57

## Charts

| Chart (1991–1992) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 15 |
| Canada Top Singles (RPM) | 55 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100) | 67 |
| Germany (GfK) | 59 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40 Tipparade) | 10 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 55 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 31 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 24 |
| US Modern Rock Tracks (Billboard) | 5 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "It's Only Natural" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| Australia | 2 December 1991 | CDcassette | Capitol | |
| United Kingdom | 14 September 1992 | 7-inch vinylCDcassette | Capitol | |

## Cover versions

A re-recorded version featuring Tim Finn and Bic Runga appears on Tim Finn's 2009 greatest hits album North, South, East, West...Anthology.
In 2011, Lior and Emma Louise released a version, as a single from the album, They Will Have Their Way.
# Tropidocarpum gracile

Tropidocarpum gracile is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common name dobie pod. It is native to California and Baja California, where it can be found in many types of habitat from coastal canyons to inland mountains and deserts in chaparral, scrub, woodlands, beaches, valleys, and washes. It is an annual herb producing a decumbent to erect, spreading, branching stem 10 to 50 centimeters in length. It is coated in short and long rough hairs. The basal leaves are up to 10 to 15 centimeters long and are divided into elongated lobes along the edges; leaves higher on the stem are shorter and sometimes less divided. The inflorescence is an open raceme of mustardlike flowers with four petals each about 4 millimeters long. The petals are yellow and sometimes purple-tinged. The fruit is a narrow silique several centimeters in length containing tiny brown seeds.
# Sidney Cecil Robinson

Sidney Cecil Robinson (12 January 1870 – 30 April 1943) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Toronto, Ontario and became a business executive, industrialist and manager. In 1905, he was also a municipal councillor for Walkerville, Ontario.
Robinson attended the Windsor Collegiate Institute then Detroit Business University. He served in the military with the 21st Essex Fusiliers, including service in World War I. He recruited for the 99th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. He attained a rank of colonel.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Essex West riding in the 1925 general election after a previous unsuccessful campaign at Essex North in a 1 March 1923 by-election. Robinson was re-elected in 1926 and 1930. He was defeated by Norman Alexander McLarty of the Liberal party in the 1935 federal election.
# John Russell (Ohio politician)

John Russell (1827-1869) was a Republican politician who was appointed Ohio Secretary of State from 1868 to 1869.
Russell was from Champaign County, Ohio. He was chief clerk in the office of Ohio Secretary of State William Henry Smith. Smith resigned the office January 14, 1868. John Russell was appointed by Governor Rutherford B. Hayes to replace him. Later that year, at the State Republican Convention, Russell came in fourth of four candidates for the nomination on the first ballot, and withdrew.

## Biography

Russell was born September 22, 1827, in Concord Township, Champaign County, Ohio, to John and Mary Russell, farmers who were originally from Virginia. He taught school and saved his money to enroll in Ohio Wesleyan University in 1849, from which he graduated. He returned home to marry Margaret M. Russell, (no relation).
In 1854, Russell was elected clerk of courts in his county. He served three terms for a total of nine years. He was then appointed to Smith's staff, and then appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes as Ohio Secretary of State.
After his term expired, Russell returned to Urbana and worked in the office of the Collector of Internal Revenue. Russell was nominated and elected to the Ohio State Senate in the fall of 1869, but was struck down by stroke and died December 16, 1869, before he could take his seat. Governor Hayes spoke at his funeral in Urbana.
Russell joined the Methodist Episcopal Church at a young age.
# Cogs (video game)

Cogs is a puzzle video game released in 2009 by Lazy 8 Studios, originally released as a Microsoft Windows title, but receiving subsequent ports to other operating systems, mobile platforms, and game consoles. The game requires the player to manipulate a three-dimensional object's sides as sliding block puzzles as to complete specific goals, such as meshing gears to complete a clockwork mechanism or routing gas flow through pipes to a balloon.
Cogs was named as the 2010 Indie Game Challenge Grand Prize winner.

## Gameplay

Cogs is built on a number of puzzles that mimic sliding block puzzles. Each level, representing some three-dimensional object, has various objectives, but generally involve moving tiles to connect sets of gears, piping, and other physical elements to make that object behave in a specific manner, such as providing gear power to turn wheels. As objects are three dimensional, the player may need to manipulate puzzles on multiple faces or faces that wrap around the object, or consider the front and back-sides of tiles. The player is free to rotate the virtual object to identify how to arrange the tiles correctly.
The basic physical elements that the player may need to manipulate include: gears which can turn other gears it is meshed with as well as transmission gears of different sizes that affect the rate of rotation of subsequent gears; pipes which carry (coloured) steam or gas, which may be necessary to drive motors for the gears or fill balloons; and bell strikers, which must be set at the right time to make a specific melody for the puzzle. Early puzzles features one type of mechanic, but later puzzles may include many of these spread on multiple faces.
The player can earn up to ten stars for completing a puzzle; three stars are awarded for completing the puzzle, and the player can earn an additional zero to three stars based on the number of moves and the time needed to complete the puzzle. Earning the maximum number of stars in each category awards the player a tenth final star. The player unlocks more puzzles by earning more stars.
Each puzzle also features a special challenge mode to finish the puzzle within a few seconds or with a limited number of moves; completing these earns additional stars for the player.

## Ports

Cogs was available for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and iOS upon release. The game was released on Linux in July 2011 as a part of the Humble Indie Bundle 3. A version for Android was released in the Humble Bundle for Android 2. A 3D version was released in PlayStation Home (the PlayStation 3's social gaming network) on November 3, 2011.

## Reception

Cogs was, in 2010, the Grand Prize Winner at the Indie Game Challenge, in the professional category, having also received the Achievement in Art Direction and Achievement in Gameplay on the same contest. The game was also a finalist at the 2010 Independent Games Festival and 2009 IndieCade Cogs was one of thirteen games that were part of the alternative reality game, the Potato Sack that preluded the release of Portal 2; during this time, additional puzzles relating to the Potato Sack and Portal 2 were added to the game.
# Neadalen

Neadalen is a river valley in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 50-kilometre (31 mi) long valley generally runs east to west through Tydal Municipality and Selbu Municipality. The valley begins at the large lake Nesjøen and it follows the Nea River to the west and it ends at the large lake Selbusjøen. The valley parallels the large Stjørdalen valley to the north and the Skarvan og Roltdalen National Park lies in the forested mountain area between the two valleys. Norwegian County Road 705 follows the river through the majority of the valley.

## Tydalen

In Tydal Municipality, the Tydalen valley branches off the main Neadalen valley and extends to the southeast. The river Tya flows through the Tydalen valley and empties into the Nea River at the village of Ås.