# El Hierro (Senate constituency)

El Hierro is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects one senator. Its boundaries correspond to those of the island of El Hierro. The electoral system employs open list partial block voting, allowing electors to vote for individual candidates rather than parties.

## Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate of Spain, with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.
Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado), which was abolished in 2022. 208 seats are elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors can vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts are the islands themselves, with the larger—Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera and El Hierro (which comprised a single constituency only for the 1977 election), Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each. Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature.
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.

## Senators

Senators for El Hierro 1977– :
| Key to parties  PSOE  AHI  UCD |||
| Legislature | Election | Distribution |
| 1st | 1979 | 1 |
| 2nd | 1982 | 1 |
| 3rd | 1986 | 1 |
| 4th | 1989 | 1 |
| 5th | 1993 | 1 |
| 6th | 1996 | 1 |
| 7th | 2000 | 1 |
| 8th | 2004 | 1 |
| 9th | 2008 | 1 |
| 10th | 2011 | 1 |
| 11th | 2015 | 1 |
| 12th | 2016 | 1 |
| 13th | 2019 (Apr) | 1 |
| 14th | 2019 (Nov) | 1 |
| 15th | 2023 | 1 |

## Elections
### 2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Aniceto Javier Armas González | | AHI | 2,049 | 35.95 |
| • Juan Rafael Zamora Padrón | | PSOE | 1,697 | 29.78 |
| • Rubén Armiche Benítez Padrón | | PP | 1,146 | 20.11 |
| • Dácil Felipe Guadarrama | | AH | 360 | 6.31 |
| • Esperanza Medina Chávez | | Vox | 260 | 4.56 |
| • Luis Manuel Bobet Hernández | | PCPC | 65 | 1.14 |
| • Antonio Luis Ros Soler | | Recortes Cero | 24 | 0.42 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 97 | 1.70 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5698 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,698 | 96.98 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 177 | 3.01 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 5,875 | 67.63 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 2,811 | 32.36 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 8686 | |
| Sources |||||

### November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Esther Carmona Delgado | | PSOE | 2,025 | 38.80 |
| • Pablo Rodríguez Cejas | | AHI–CCa–NC | 1,818 | 34.83 |
| • José Miguel Sánchez Padrón | | PP | 833 | 15.96 |
| • Teresa de las Nieves "Maite" Ruiz González | | Podemos–IU | 324 | 6.21 |
| • José Marcos Nieto Ramírez | | Cs | 82 | 1.57 |
| • Miriam Guerrero Hernández | | PACMA | 42 | 0.80 |
| • Ana Lucía López Martín | | Recortes Cero–GV | 15 | 0.29 |
| • Cándido Vidal González Felipe | | ANC–UP | 7 | 0.13 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 73 | 1.40 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,219 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,219 | 97.06 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 158 | 2.94 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 5,377 | 49.56 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 5,473 | 50.44 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 10,850 | |
| Sources |||||

### April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Esther Carmona Delgado | | PSOE | 2,328 | 39.82 |
| • Daniel Morales Barrera | | AHI–CCa | 1,465 | 25.06 |
| • José Miguel Sánchez Padrón | | PP | 1,091 | 18.66 |
| • Teresa de las Nieves Ruiz González | | Podemos–IU–Equo | 431 | 7.37 |
| • Lisardo Gaspar Cejas Padrón | | Cs | 366 | 6.26 |
| • Silvana Ferreira Pérez | | PACMA | 76 | 1.30 |
| • Neido González Alvarez | | Recortes Cero–GV | 13 | 0.22 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 77 | 1.32 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,847 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,847 | 96.98 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 182 | 3.02 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 6,029 | 55.53 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 4,828 | 44.47 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 10,857 | |
| Sources |||||

### 2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Pablo Rodríguez Cejas | | CCa–AHI | 2,149 | 40.32 |
| • José Miguel Sánchez Padrón | | PP | 1,282 | 24.05 |
| • Juan Castañeda Acosta | | PSOE–NCa | 966 | 18.12 |
| • Sandra Magdalena Lima Casañas | | Podemos–IU–Equo | 578 | 10.84 |
| • Lisardo Gaspar Cejas Padrón | | C's | 186 | 3.49 |
| • María Josefa González Chinea | | PACMA | 51 | 0.96 |
| • Selene Benítez Ghersi | | Recortes Cero–GV | 14 | 0.26 |
| • Bruno Díaz González | | PCPC | 9 | 0.17 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 95 | 1.78 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,330 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,330 | 96.47 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 195 | 3.53 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 5,525 | 51.09 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 5,290 | 48.91 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 10,815 | |
| Sources |||||

### 2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Pablo Rodríguez Cejas | | CCa–AHI | 2,133 | 40.46 |
| • Juan Castañeda Acosta | | PSOE–NCa | 1,107 | 21.00 |
| • Rita Beatriz Machín González | | PP | 1,019 | 19.33 |
| • Raimundo Casañas Ortiz | | Podemos | 455 | 8.63 |
| • Sara María Pérez Padrón | | C's | 230 | 4.36 |
| • Miguel Ángel Peraza Chinea | | IUC–IpH–UPeC | 153 | 2.90 |
| • María Candelaria Oval Afonso | | PACMA | 43 | 0.82 |
| • Selene Alexandra Benítez Ghersi | | Recortes Cero–GV | 12 | 0.23 |
| • Ángel Basilio González Mesa | | UPyD | 8 | 0.15 |
| • Sara María Martín Pimentel | | PCPC | 7 | 0.13 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 105 | 1.99 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,272 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,272 | 96.13 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 212 | 3.87 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 5,484 | 51.17 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 5,233 | 48.83 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 10,717 | |
| Sources |||||

### 2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Narvay Quintero Castañeda | | CC–AHI–NC | 1,837 | 34.69 |
| • Juan Luis González Padrón | | PSOE | 1,695 | 32.01 |
| • Ángel Luis Lima Moeck | | PP | 1,415 | 26.72 |
| • Abel Fernández Acosta | | IUC–IpH–LV | 181 | 3.42 |
| • José Antonio De Vera Alventosa | | UPyD | 45 | 0.85 |
| • Aitor González Padilla | | PCPE | 16 | 0.30 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 106 | 2.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,295 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,295 | 97.35 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 144 | 2.65 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 5,439 | 53.26 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 4,773 | 46.74 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 10,212 | |
| Sources |||||

### 2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Narvay Quintero Castañeda | | AHI–CC | 2,412 | 40.15 |
| • Alpidio Valentín Armas González | | PSOE | 2,204 | 36.69 |
| • Desirée Padrón Mendoza | | PP | 1,201 | 19.99 |
| • Juan Hernández Lutzardo | | MUPC | 42 | 0.70 |
| • Rafael Parra Hernanz | | IUC | 32 | 0.53 |
| • Ana María Pérez Herrera | | LV | 16 | 0.27 |
| • Ana Mercedes Padrón Fernández | | LV–GV | 8 | 0.13 |
| • Luis Alberto Hernández González | | PCPC | 7 | 0.12 |
| • María Isabel De Martín Padrón | | UPyD | 6 | 0.10 |
| • Ana Cristina González Figueroa | | ANC | 5 | 0.08 |
| • Victoria Alonso Plasencia | | POSI | 5 | 0.08 |
| • Juan Miguel Gutiérrez García | | PUM+J | 4 | 0.07 |
| • Echedey Padrón Guerra | | UP | 2 | 0.03 |
| • Cristina Estévez Llorente | | PH | 2 | 0.03 |
| • Rubén González Gutiérrez | | FE–JONS | 1 | 0.02 |
| • Jesús María Ibáñez Estévez | | CTC | 1 | 0.02 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 59 | 0.98 |
| Total | Total | Total | 6,007 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 6,007 | 98.11 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 116 | 1.89 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 6,123 | 64.11 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 3,428 | 35.89 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 9,551 | |
| Sources |||||

### 2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Félix Ayala Fonte | | CC–AHI | 2,182 | 38.72 |
| • María Carmen Morales Hernández | | PP | 1,603 | 28.45 |
| • Luciano Eutimio Armas Morales | | PSOE–PNC | 1,554 | 27.58 |
| • María Felina León Beltrán | | LV–IU–AC25M | 74 | 1.31 |
| • Manuel Luis Espinosa Krawany | | CDS | 66 | 1.17 |
| • Álvaro Juan Monzón Santana | | LV–GV | 39 | 0.69 |
| • Eduardo José Hernández López | | CTC | 2 | 0.04 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 115 | 2.04 |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,635 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 5,635 | 97.41 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 150 | 2.59 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 5,785 | 64.67 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 3,160 | 35.33 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 8,945 | |
| Sources |||||

### 2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Venancio Acosta Padrón | | CC–AHI | 2,141 | 43.33 |
| • Regina García Casañas | | PP | 1,425 | 28.84 |
| • Juan Castañeda Acosta | | PSOE–p | 1,250 | 25.30 |
| • Jesús Peñas Artero | | FE | 8 | 0.16 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 117 | 2.37 |
| Total | Total | Total | 4,941 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 4,941 | 98.31 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 85 | 1.69 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 5,026 | 62.37 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 3,033 | 37.63 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 8,059 | |
| Sources |||||

### 1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Pedro Luis Padrón Rodríguez | | CC | 2,093 | 44.93 |
| • Inocencio Hernández González | | PSOE | 1,257 | 26.99 |
| • Federico Padrón Padrón | | PP | 1,122 | 24.09 |
| • Ramón Morales González | | IUC | 71 | 1.52 |
| • Víctor Manuel Padrón Barrera | | UC | 19 | 0.41 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 96 | 2.06 |
| Total | Total | Total | 4,658 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 4,658 | 98.56 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 68 | 1.44 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 4,726 | 69.94 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 2,031 | 30.06 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 6,757 | |
| Sources |||||

### 1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Pedro Luis Padrón Rodríguez | | CC (AHI–AIC) | 1,944 | 43.52 |
| • Eulalio Elviro Reboso Gutiérrez | | PP | 1,222 | 27.36 |
| • José Francisco Armas Pérez | | PSOE | 1,195 | 26.75 |
| • Manuel Luis Espinosa Krawany | | CDS | 34 | 0.76 |
| • María Lourdes Rodríguez Figueroa | | PH | 5 | 0.11 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 67 | 1.50 |
| Total | Total | Total | 4,467 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 4,467 | 98.78 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 55 | 1.22 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 4,522 | 72.53 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 1,713 | 27.47 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 6,235 | |
| Sources |||||

### 1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Venancio Acosta Padrón | | AHI | 1,219 | 31.33 |
| • José Francisco Armas Pérez | | PSOE | 1,133 | 29.12 |
| • Longinos Morales Pérez | | PP | 983 | 25.26 |
| • Aurelio Ayala Fonte | | IU–ICU | 535 | 13.75 |
| • Agustina Tomás Fernández | | LV–LV | 5 | 0.13 |
| • Jesús Valentín Padrón Febles | | PST | 1 | 0.03 |
| • José Manuel Quevedo Talavera | | CEES | 0 | 0.00 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 15 | 0.39 |
| Total | Total | Total | 3,891 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,891 | 98.18 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 72 | 1.82 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 3,963 | 72.62 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 1,494 | 27.38 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 5,457 | |
| Sources |||||

### 1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y José Francisco Armas Pérez | | PSOE | 1,097 | 33.96 |
| • Federico Padrón Padrón | | AP–PDP–PL | 886 | 27.43 |
| • Aurelio Ayala Fonte | | ICU | 791 | 24.49 |
| • Cayo Francisco Armas Benítez | | CDS | 430 | 13.31 |
| • Florán Avelino Eulalio Fernández Darías | | PRD | 5 | 0.15 |
| • Juan Bautista Correas | | UCE | 2 | 0.06 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 19 | 0.59 |
| Total | Total | Total | 3,230 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,230 | 98.30 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 56 | 1.70 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 3,286 | 63.82 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 1,863 | 36.18 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 5,149 | |
| Sources |||||

### 1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Federico Padrón Padrón | | UCD | 1,251 | 36.24 |
| • Eligio Hernández Gutiérrez | | PSOE | 855 | 24.77 |
| • Longinos Morales Pérez | | AP–PDP | 802 | 23.23 |
| • Aurelio Ayala Fonte | | AC–CC | 416 | 12.05 |
| • Ramón Martín Febles Castañeda | | FN | 71 | 2.06 |
| • Raúl Antonio Alamo Panizo | | CDS | 57 | 1.65 |
| • José Francisco Armas Pérez | | PSOE | 0 | 0.00 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 0 | 0.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | 3,452 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 3,452 | 100.00 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 0 | 0.00 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 3,452 | 72.48 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 1,311 | 27.52 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 4,763 | |
| Sources |||||

### 1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Senate of Spain election results in El Hierro :
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Popular vote |
| Candidates | Parties and coalitions | Parties and coalitions | Votes | % |
| Y Federico Padrón Padrón | | UCD | 1,871 | 65.70 |
| • Aurelio Ayala Fonte | | PCE | 382 | 13.41 |
| • Manuel Hernández Quintero | | PSOE | 299 | 10.50 |
| • Cándido Magdaleno Cruz | | CD | 148 | 5.20 |
| • Ramón Febles Castañeda | | UN | 131 | 4.60 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 17 | 0.60 |
| Total | Total | Total | 2,848 | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,848 | 99.23 |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 22 | 0.77 |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 2,870 | 49.84 |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | Abstentions | 2,889 | 50.16 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 5,759 | |
| Sources |||||