OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Brownlee

George Gow Brownlee is a British pathologist and Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford.

## Education

Brownlee was educated at Dulwich College and Emmanuel College, Cambridge where he studied Natural Sciences and was awarded a Master of Arts degree followed by PhD in 1967 for research on nucleotides supervised by Fred Sanger at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB).

## Career and Research

Brownlee was Professor of Chemical Pathology at Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, from 1978 to 2008.
Brownlee cloned and expressed human clotting factor IX, providing a recombinant source of this protein for Haemophilia B patients who had previously relied on the hazardous blood-derived product.
With Merlin Crossley he helped discover the two sets of genetic mutations that were preventing two key proteins from attaching to the DNA of people with a rare and unusual form of Haemophilia B – Haemophilia B Leyden – where sufferers experience episodes of excessive bleeding in childhood but have few bleeding problems after puberty. This lack of protein attachment to the DNA was thereby turning off the gene that produces clotting factor IX, which prevents excessive bleeding.
With Peter Palese and co-workers he developed the first reverse genetics system for influenza virus, markedly speeding up the process of developing influenza vaccines.
Brownlee authored a biography of Fred Sanger published in 2014.

## Awards and honours

Brownlee was awarded The Colworth Medal by the Biochemical Society in 1976 and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1987. His certificate of election and candidature reads:
   Distinguished for his work on the sequences of nucleic acids and their biological implications. He contributed to the development of methods using 32P-labelling and two-dimensional fractionation techniques, which greatly accelerated the early RNA sequencing. He used these methods to determine the sequence of the 5S ribosomal RNA, at that time the largest nucleic acid to be sequenced. He used fingerprint analysis of messenger RNA to demonstrate that immunoglobulin V- and C-regions were not discontinuous at the messenger RNA level, and early analysis of messenger RNA to identify a precursor for light chain synthesis. Parallel studies on globin messenger RNA demonstrated important features of eucaryotic translation. More recently he has developed faster methods for RNA sequencing and has applied them to transfer RNAs and ovalbumin messenger RNA. He also studied the DNA sequence of the ovalbumin gene and its insertion sequences. He determined the nucleotide sequence of the multiple gene coding for the 5S RNA in Xenopus laevis and showed that the coding regions alternated with a repetitious region and a "pseudogene" that had a sequence homologous with part of the 5S region.
Brownlee was also elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 1998 and an EMBO Member in 1979.
# NGC 212

NGC 212 is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 369 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Phoenix. It was discovered on October 28, 1834 by John Herschel.
# Le Parcq

Le Parcq (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer, in the valley of the Ternoise river.

## Administration

On 1 January 2007, Le Parcq became part of the arrondissement of Montreuil, with the other communes of the then canton of Le Parcq. Previously, Le Parcq was in the arrondissement of Arras. At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015, the canton of Le Parcq was disbanded and its communes became part of the canton of Auxi-le-Château.
# Drew Endy

Andrew (Drew) David Endy (born 1970) is a synthetic biologist and tenured associate professor of bioengineering at Stanford University, California.

## Education

Endy received his PhD from Dartmouth College in 1997 for his work on genetic engineering using T7 phage.

## Career

Endy was a junior fellow for three years and later an Assistant Professor of Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2002–2008). In 2008, Endy moved to Stanford University, where he currently serves as an Associate Professor of Bioengineering.

### Research

With Thomas Knight, Gerald Jay Sussman, Randy Rettberg, and others at MIT, Endy worked on synthetic biology and the engineering of standardized biological components, devices, and parts, collectively known as BioBricks. Endy is one of several founders of the Registry of Standard Biological Parts, and invented an abstraction hierarchy for integrated genetic systems.
Endy has been one of the early promoters of open source biology, and helped start the Biobricks Foundation, a not-for-profit organization that will work to support open-source biology. He was also a co-founder of the now defunct Codon Devices, a biotechnology startup company that aimed to commercialize synthetic biology.
In 2009, Michael Specter called Endy "synthetic biology’s most compelling evangelist" in his book Denialism: How Irrational Thinking Hinders Scientific Progress, Harms the Planet, and Threatens Our Lives, as Endy is persistent in discussing both the prospects and dangers of synthetic biology.
Endy headed a team of researchers that in March 2013 created the biological equivalent of a transistor, which they dubbed a "transcriptor". The invention was the final of the three components necessary to build a fully functional biocomputer: data storage, information transmission, and a basic system of logic.
Endy is a founder and steering group member of the Build-a-Cell Initiative, an international collaboration investigating creation of synthetic live cells.
# Ethan Vishniac

Ethan Tecumseh Vishniac (born 1955) is an American astrophysicist. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the Astrophysical Journal and a professor of Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, after holding positions at University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and University of Texas in Austin.

## Education

Vishniac graduated from University of Rochester and Harvard University. He received his Ph.D. in astrophysics in 1980 from Harvard University while working under the direction of William H. Press. After Harvard, Vishniac spent two years as a post doctoral fellow working under Jeremiah P. Ostriker at Princeton University.

## Research

His best known scientific work is the study of instabilities in expanding blast waves. In Vishniac (1983), he demonstrated that a blast wave expanding in a sufficiently compressible medium would be subject to a linear overstability growing as the square root of time. This is usually known as the Vishniac instability, and generally occurs in any thin enough slab bounded by a shock on one side and a contact discontinuity to a higher temperature region on the other. In Vishniac (1994) he then demonstrated that a thin-enough slab bounded by shocks on both sides is subject to a nonlinear instability, usually described as a nonlinear thin shell instability (NTSI).
He has also worked with success in cosmology and the theory of astrophysical dynamos.

## Honors and awards

* 2001: Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society "for pioneering contributions to the study of blast-wave stability, the generation of secondary anisotropies in the microwave background, and the study of MHD turbulence and dynamos in astrophysical objects."

## Personal life

He is the son of microbiologist Wolf V. Vishniac and grandson of photographer Roman Vishniac. His wife Ilene Busch-Vishniac, the ninth president of the University of Saskatchewan (2012–2014), was previously Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Johns Hopkins, and provost and vice-president (academic) of McMaster University from 2007 until 2012.
# Donald Engelman

Donald Max Engelman (born 1941) is Higgins Professor of Biochemistry at Yale University. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1997), fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a fellow of the National Institutes of Health, and has been a Guggenheim fellow. He served as the editor of the Annual Review of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry (1984–1993).
He is a director of the Stryker Corporation. He is involved in the creation of new cancer drugs and treatments. For example, Engelman is involved in research to use peptides to aid in destroying tumors.

## Administration, advising, and consulting

Engelman has served as Director of Biological Sciences at Yale, an advisor to the Brookhaven National Laboratory, and a consultant to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. He also served as Acting Dean of Yale College in 1991.

## Education

Engelman is a graduate (and trustee) of Reed College receiving his degree in physics. He then earned his Ph.D. in molecular biophysics at Yale University in 1969.

## Engelman Lab

Engelman directs the Engelman Laboratory at Yale focused on the biophysics of biological membranes. His group is best known for elucidating the mechanism of pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) to form trans-membrane helices.

## Patents

Engelman holds six United States patents for his discoveries.
# Rim Jong-sim (wrestler)

Rim Jong-sim (born 25 April 1994) is a North Korean freestyle wrestler. She won one of the bronze medals in the women's freestyle 62 kg event at the 2018 Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia.

## Career

At the 2016 Asian Wrestling Championships held in Bangkok, Thailand, she won the silver medal in the women's 63 kg event.
In 2019, she competed in the women's freestyle 62 kg event at the World Wrestling Championships held in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. In this competition she lost her bronze medal match against Yukako Kawai of Japan.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Location | Result | Event |
| 2018 | Asian Games | Jakarta, Indonesia | 3rd | Freestyle 62 kg |
# Poultry allergy

Poultry meat allergy is a rare food allergy in humans caused by consumption of poultry meat (commonly chicken and turkey) whereby the body triggers an immune reaction and becomes overloaded with immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies.
It can co-occur with egg allergy but more often occurs without allergy to poultry eggs. One study found that not chicken, just turkey meat is the primary cause of allergic reactions, whilst goose, pheasant, and duck meat cause milder reaction or no symptoms.

## Symptoms and signs

Symptoms are similar to other forms of allergies and occur after ingestion of the allergen. Some symptoms include abdominal cramping, angioedema, generalized urticaria, and chest tightness.

## Epidemiology

As it is a rare condition and it is not well documented; epidemiological data is unknown. Severe cases have been documented. A research study in 2016 found only 16 cases of previously published poultry meat allergy, plus an additional 28 cases that were being analyzed in the study.
# Rodrigo Ideus

Rodrigo Ideus Forero (born 7 March 1987) is a Colombian rower and cross-country skier. He competed in the men's single sculls event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Eliyahu Essas

Rabbi Eliyahu Essas (Hebrew: אליהו אסאס, Russian: Илья Цвиевич Эссас, Ilya Tsvievich Essas; born 1946) is a former leader of Soviet Jewry and one of the founders of Baal Teshuva movement in the Soviet Union. He lives in Jerusalem. Essas became interested in Human Rights and Jewish cause, while studying Mathematics in Vilnius University.

## Refusenik

In 1973. he applied to the Soviet authorities to make Aliyah to Israel. He was refused on the grounds of his wife having a security sensitive job.
While living in Moscow, Essas spent his time building an Orthodox Jewish Community. He created a network of Torah studies, children underground education and summer camps.
In January 1986, after political deals between Edgar Bronfman, Chairman of the World Jewish Congress, and the Soviet authorities, Essas' family moved to Israel.

## Later activity

In 1988, Essas stood for election to the Knesset with the Degel HaTorah party.
Since 1999, Rabbi Essas works for Aish Hatorah in Jerusalem and is a founder of the Jewish Russian website evrey.com
# Mette Ravn

Mette Ravn (born 6 December 1943) is a former Norwegian diplomat.
She was counsellor at the Permanent Mission of Norway to the United Nations in New York from 1992 to 1995, Norway's ambassador to Egypt from 1995 to 1999, ambassador to Ethiopia from 2002 to 2006, and to Jordan from 2006 to 2009.
# Urmas Muld

Urmas Muld (born 1954) is an Estonian military personnel.
He has been the head of Headquarters of the Estonian Defence Forces.
In 2007 he was awarded with Order of the Cross of the Eagle, III class.
# Milton Núñez (boxer)

Milton Núñez (born September 25, 1979) is a Colombian middleweight boxer. Nunez's biggest fight was against Gennadiy Golovkin for the interim WBA middleweight title. In this title fight, Milton lost by knockout in 58 seconds.
Milton also fought, and lost, against fellow Colombian Nilson Julio Tapia. Milton fought former IBF light middleweight title challenger Deandre Latimore on Showtime on February 24, 2012, where Milton lost by majority decision.
Other world champion or world title challenger opponents of Milton include Sergio Mora, Daniel Jacobs, Dmitry Chudinov, and Matt Korobov – all ending in losses.
# Lesman Paredes

Lesman Teodoro Paredes Montano (born 5 March 1996) is a Colombian-born Bahraini weightlifter who won a Gold medal at the 2021 World Championships. He represents Bahrain since July 2022. He also won the gold medal in the men's 96 kg event at the 2022 World Weightlifting Championships held in Bogotá, Colombia.

## Career

Paredes was born in Cali and raised in Buenaventura.
He set a new world record in the snatch of 187 kilograms (412.2 pounds) at the 2021 World Weightlifting Championships in 96 kg category. He is also a two-time gold medalist in the men's 102 kg event at the Pan American Weightlifting Championships.
He won the gold medal in his event at the 2022 Asian Weightlifting Championships held in Manama, Bahrain.
In August 2024, Paredes competed in the men's 102 kg event at the 2024 Summer Olympics held in Paris, France. He lifted 392 kg in total and finished in sixth position.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| Representing Bahrain |||||||||||||
| Olympic Games |||||||||||||
| 2024 | Paris, France | 102 kg | 181 | 186 | 188 | — | 211 | 218 | 218 | — | 392 | 6 |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2022 | Bogotá, Colombia | 96 kg | 176 | 181 | 185 | | 207 | 212 | 214 | | 397 | |
| 2023 | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 102 kg | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| IWF World Cup |||||||||||||
| 2024 | Phuket, Thailand | 102 kg | 181 | 186 | — | | 212 | — | — | 6 | 398 | 4 |
| Asian Championships |||||||||||||
| 2022 | Manama, Bahrain | 96 kg | 178 | 182 | — | | 205 | 210 | 215 | | 397 | |
| 2023 | Jinju, South Korea | 102 kg | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Representing Colombia |||||||||||||
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2015 | Houston, United States | 94 kg | 167 | 172 | 172 | 6 | 195 | 202 | 207 | 6 | 379 | 5 |
| 2021 | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 96 kg | 180 | 187 WR | 190 | | 208 | 208 | 213 | 4 | 400 AM | |
| Pan American Championships |||||||||||||
| 2020 | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 102 kg | 170 | 175 | 180 | | 200 | 210 AM | — | | 390 AM | |
| 2021 | Guayaquil, Ecuador | 102 kg | 170 | 181 AM | — | | 205 | 205 | 215 | | 386 | |
| World University Games |||||||||||||
| 2017 | Taipei, Taiwan | 94 kg | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Junior World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2014 | Kazan, Russia | 85 kg | 142 | 147 | 147 | 6 | 167 | 172 | 172 | 9 | 314 | 8 |
| 2015 | Wrocław, Poland | 94 kg | 155 | 160 | 165 | | 185 | 190 | 190 | 4 | 355 | 4 |
| 2016 | Tbilisi, Georgia | 94 kg | 167 | 172 | 176 | | 194 | 194 | 200 | 4 | 372 | |
# Marlon Piedrahita

Marlon Javier Piedrahita Londoño (born 13 June 1985) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a right back for Once Caldas. He can also play as a defensive midfielder. He was a member of Colombia U-20 in 2002 and 2003.

## Honours
### Club

Atlético Nacional
* Categoría Primera A (2): 2007–I, 2007–II
Independiente Medellín
* Categoría Primera A (1): 2016–I
Junior
* Categoría Primera A (2): 2018–II, 2019-I
* Copa Colombia (1): 2017
* Superliga Colombiana (2): 2019, 2020
# Danny Quendambú

Danny Jair Quendambú Cortés (born 19 March 1983) is a Colombian former footballer who played as a forward.
Born in Tumaco, Quendambú began playing football with the youth sides of Deportivo Cali. He would play professionally for several teams in Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru and Venezuela, including Deportivo Cali, Herediano, Carabobo, Cortuluá and Inti Gas. He joined Inti Gas in January 2011. He also played in Equatorial Guinea, first for that country national team and then for local clubs The Panthers and Leones Vegetarianos. His last club was Cultural Santa Rosa in the Peruvian Segunda División.

## International career

While he was playing for Deportivo Cali, Quendambú participated in the Colombia national under-20 football team under manager Reinaldo Rueda.
Although Quendambú had no real ties with Equatorial Guinea, despite being an Afro-Colombian with a surname of African style, anyway he was called up for that country's national team. His first call was received in October 2011, when he still had not even ever walked in his "new" country, for two friendly matches against Gabon and Cameroon, but didn't play. Quendambú participated after this of the Equatoguinean pre-call for the 2012 African Cup of Nations, but he was left out for the final squad. He made his debut on 2 June 2012 versus Tunisia for a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying match.
# Carlos Quinchara

Carlos Javier Quinchara (born 27 June 1988) is a Colombian triathlete. He competed in the Men's event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Dúber Quintero

Dúber Armando Quintero Artunduaga (born 23 August 1990 in Gigante, Huila) is a Colombian cyclist, who competed professionally for UCI Professional Continental team Colombia from 2013 to 2014.

## Major results
### 2007

    1st Road race, National Junior Road Championships

### 2012

    1st Coppa Festa in Fiera San Salvatore
    1st Targa Crocifisso

### 2014

    1st Stage 1 Tour de Langkawi
# Nondier Romero

Nondier Humberto Romero Peña (born 22 February 1979) is a Colombian football defender.

## Titles

| Season | Club | Title |
| 2009 | Once Caldas | Categoría Primera A - Torneo Apertura |
# Andrea Alciato

Andrea Alciato (8 May 1492 – 12 January 1550), commonly known as Alciati (Andreas Alciatus), was an Italian jurist and writer. He is regarded as the founder of the French school of legal humanists.

## Biography

Alciati was born in Alzate Brianza, near Milan, and settled in France in the early 16th century. He displayed great literary skill in his exposition of the laws, and was one of the first to interpret the civil law by the history, languages and literature of antiquity, and to substitute original research for the servile interpretations of the glossators. He published many legal works, and some annotations on Tacitus and accumulated a sylloge of Roman inscriptions from Milan and its territories, as part of his preparation for his history of Milan, written in 1504–05.
Among his several appointments, Alciati taught law at the University of Bourges between 1529 and 1535. It was Guillaume Budé who encouraged the call to Bourges at the time. Pierre Bayle, in his General Dictionary (article "Alciat"), relates that he greatly increased his salary there, by the "stratagem" of arranging to get a job offer from the University of Bologna and using it as a negotiation point .
Alciati is most famous for his Emblemata, published in dozens of editions from 1531 onward. This collection of short Latin verse texts and accompanying woodcuts created an entire European genre, the emblem book, which attained enormous popularity in continental Europe and Great Britain.
Alciati died at Pavia in 1550. His heir, Francesco Alciati, commissioned a huge mausoleum in the Church of S. Epifanio.

## Works

* Annotationes in tres libros Codicis (1515)
* Emblematum libellus (1531)
* De ponderibus et mensuris (in Latin). Venezia: Melchiorre Sessa. 1532.
* Opera omnia (Basel 1546–49)
* Rerum Patriae, seu Historiae Mediolanensis, Libri IV (Milan, 1625) a history of Milan, written in 1504–05.
* De formula Romani Imperii (Basilae: Ioannem Oporinum, 1559, editio princeps)
* In Digestorum titulos aliquot commentaria (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lyon: Compagnie des libraires. 1560.
* De ponderibus et mensuris, 1532
* In Digestorum titulos aliquot commentaria, 1560
# Giovanni Luca Barberi

Giovanni Luca Barberi (1452–1520) was an Italian historian, lawyer and notary. He was born and lived in Sicily all of his life.
His writing was particularly important in compiling the list of feudal and noble titles in Sicilian history.

## Works

* I Capibrevi (in Italian). Vol. 1. Palermo: Amenta. 1879.
* I Capibrevi (in Italian). Vol. 2. Palermo: Amenta. 1886.
* I Capibrevi (in Italian). Vol. 3. Palermo: Amenta. 1888.
# Humanic

Humanic (stylized in caps HUMANIC) is a subsidiary of Leder und Schuh with its headquarters in Graz. In 1907, the American Shoe House HUMANIC opened its first two stores in Vienna, on Kärntnerring 6, opposite the famous Hotel Bristol, and in Mariahilferstraße 92, opposite Hotel Palace.
Today HUMANIC is trading in shoes and accessories and appears on the market in eleven European countries. Since March 2009 Austrian and German customers can also shop online.

## History

The brand HUMANIC and the company has been around since 1872. By acquiring the majority interest of the Hungarian commercial company SZIVÁRVÁNY Rt. with its headquarters in Budapest, HUMANIC started the internationalisation. Finally, HUMANIC and its shoe stores managed to take over market leadership in Hungary.
In 1992, HUMANIC entered the Czech Republic with the opening of a store in Brno. In 2000 the company moved on to Slovenia. Two years later HUMANIC opened its first store in Regensburg, Germany, and, in the same year, the first two stores in Bratislava, Slovakia. In 2005 HUMANIC entered the Polish market. By opening the first stores in spring 2008 Humanic entered the market in Romania and Switzerland. In 2009 the first Humanic store launches in Croatia.
In April 2019, HUMANIC opened their 5th store in Bulgaria, which was in the city of Plovdiv. Their other stores are in Sofia, Varna and Burgas.
In September 2021, the company introduced a new symbol for its brand. It is symbolized by five letters: FRANZ = Fashion, Revolution, Attitude, Number One, Zeitgeist (fashion, revolution, approach, number one, spirit of the time) and a foot and hand icon in one.
# Jon Kyong-hui

Jon Kyong-hui (born December 12, 1986, in Pyongyang) is a North Korean long-distance runner. She competed in the marathon at the 2012 Summer Olympics, placing 56th with a time of 2:35:17.