OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# NGC 499

NGC 499, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5060, IC 1686 or GC 289, is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It is located approximately 197 million light-years from the Solar System and was discovered on 12 September, 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.
The NGC 499 Group is named after the galaxy.

## Observation history

The object was discovered by Herschel along with NGC 495 and NGC 496. He initially described the discovery as "Three [NGC 499 along with NGC 495 and 496], eS and F, forming a triangle.". As he observed the trio again the next night, he was able to make out more detail: "Three, forming a [right triangle]; the [right angle] to the south NGC 499, the short leg preceding [NGC 496], the long towards the north [NGC 495]. Those in the legs [NGC 496 and 495] the faintest imaginable; that at the rectangle [NGC 499] a deal larger and brighter, but still very faint."
NGC 499 was later also observed by William Herschel's son John Herschel and independently found by Stéphane Javelle in 1899.
# Orawan Wongkamalasai

Orawan Wongkamalasai (born 25 August 1981) is a Thai former professional tennis player.
Wongkamalasai, who had a best world ranking of 426, made her only WTA Tour main draw appearance as a wildcard at the 1998 Pattaya Open and was beaten in the first round by eighth seed Wang Shi-ting.
In 1999 she was a Southeast Asian Games gold medalist for Thailand in the mixed doubles (with Vittaya Samrej).

## ITF finals
### Singles: 1 (0–1)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | Sep 1999 | Tokyo, Japan | Hard | Li Ting | 0–6, 6–3, 0-6 |

### Doubles: 4 (0–4)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | Aug 1997 | Nonthaburi, Thailand | Hard | Sawitre Naree | Chung Yang-jin Kim Eun-kyung | 2–6, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 2. | Oct 1998 | Ahmedabad, India | Hard | Monthika Anuchan | Rushmi Chakravarthi Sai Jayalakshmy Jayaram | 6–1, 4–6, 3–6 |
| Runner-up | 3. | Nov 1998 | Ahmedabad, India | Hard | Monthika Anuchan | Rushmi Chakravarthi Sai Jayalakshmy Jayaram | 6–7$^{(4)}$, 6–1, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 4. | Sep 2000 | New Delhi, India | Hard | Wang I-ting | Rushmi Chakravarthi Sai Jayalakshmy Jayaram | 3–6, 2–6 |
# Pamiątkowo railway station

Pamiątkowo railway station is a railway station serving the village of Pamiątkowo, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Poznań–Szczecin railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne.

## Train services

The station is served by the following service(s):
* Regional services (R) Szczecin - Stargard - Dobiegniew - Krzyz - Wronki - Poznan
# Bibhuti Bhusan Jena

Bibhuti Bhusan Jena is an Indian politician and Minister of Commerce, Transport, Steel & Mine in Government of Odisha. He is a member of the Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly from Gopalpur assembly constituency of Ganjam district.
He did his Bachelor of Science (BSc) from Ganjam College, Ganjam under Berhampur Universityin the year of 1993.
On 12 June 2024, he took oath along with Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhitook oath in Janata Maidan, Bhubaneswar. Governor Raghubar Das administered their oath. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Home Minister Amit Shah, Defense Minister Rajnath Singh, along with Chief Ministers of 10 BJP-ruled states were present.
# Bhekumuzi Luthuli

Bhekumuzi Luthuli (13 July 1961 – 7 April 2010) was a well known South African Maskandi musician. Born in Kwa-Maphumulo, near the Kwa-Zulu Natal town of Stanger, he started making traditional Zulu music on a home-made guitar. In the early 1980s, he joined the Mbaqanga band Oshimi, based in Durban. After two albums with the group, Luthuli embarked on a successful solo career. His second and third solo releases, Unembeza and Wongikhonzela Enhliziyweni, won OKTV awards, and were followed by another 17 albums. Impempe attained platinum status, selling over 50,000 copies.
After 23 albums with over a million sales he released Imali YabeLungu in 2010. It reached gold status in just one week and the title track won a SATMA 2011 award in the category of best song.

## Discography
### studio albums

* Uzoyidel' Inkani (1988)
* Wongikhonzela Enhliziyweni (1989)
* Ngizokwala Uzokhala (1990)
* Unembeza (1991)
* Ngizokwala Uzokhala (1992)
* Ubuyile (1992)
* Ziph' Ezakho (1993)
* Ngidedele (1994)
* Iphupho (1995)
* Impatha (1996)
* Afrika Hlangana (1996)
* Dear Msakazi (1997)
* Umaliyavuza (1998)
* Incwadi (1999)
* Phaphiyosi (2000)
* Khokha (2001)
* Igazi Lami (2002)
* Udumo Lwakhe (2003)
* A.T.M (2004)
* Impempe (2005)
* Inkinga Ngu R7 (2006)
* Unembeza (2008)
* 1818 (2009)
* Imali Yabelungu (2010)
* Isipho (The Gift) (2011)

## Death

Luthuli died aged 48 at McCord Hospital, Durban, after struggling for several weeks with the after-effects of a stroke. He was posthumously nominated for the 2012 18th South African Music Awards in the categories of Male Artist of the Year and Best Traditional Music Album for his last release, Isipho (Gift).

## Rivalry

Luthuli was engaged for some time in a musical rivalry with fellow Maskanda singer Thokozani Langa. The dispute is the subject of Langa's album entitled Phuma Kimi.
# PBX1

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX1 gene. The homologous protein in Drosophila is known as extradenticle, and causes changes in embryonic development.

## Function

Mice studies suggest PBX1 is involved in bone generation and skeletal patterning.

## Interactions

PBX1 has been shown to interact with:
* HOXB1,
* HOXB7,
* MEIS1, and
* Prep1.

## Fruit fly homolog

The Drosophila melangoster gene called extradenticle encodes a homeodomain protein that is 71% similar to the Pbx1 protein, and is considered homologous to PBX1. extradenticle is a homeodomain transcription factor expressed during embryogenesis and is related to morphological changes and development.
Reduced levels of extradenticle cause segmental transformations, without affecting the functionality or location of homeotic genes. Complete removal of extradenticle both maternally and zygotically leads to alterations from failure of non-extradenticle protein expression.
A monoclonal antibody study of the expression of extradenticle protein in embryonic development found that it is uniformly distributed, as well as excluded from cell nuclei, until gastrulation. During the germ band retraction stage of development, extradenticle protein begins to accumulate in the nuclei of cells in a specific pattern. Proximal areas of wing and leg imaginal discs have extradenticle present in the nucleus, while distal areas only have it in the cytoplasm.
# Asian Institute of International Financial Law

Asian Institute of International Financial Law (AIIFL) is a Think-Tank attached to the Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong(HKU).
Founded in 1999, AIIFL has played a leading role in HKU’s development as a global leader in FinTech and RegTech in research and teaching.

## History

During his tenure at HKU, Professor Joseph J. Norton, along with Professor Say Goo, Professor Douglas W. Arner and other colleagues working in the area of commercial, corporate and financial law, led the establishment of AIIFL at the Faculty of Law in July 1999.
AIIFL was established to assist the Faculty of Law in developing a partnership with other units at HKU and with the local business and financial communities for establishing a leading Asian academic centre in the area of international commercial, corporate and financial law.

## HKU FinTech

AIIFL’s key initiatives include 'Introduction To FinTech', a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) with edX, spread across every country in the world. The 'Introduction To FinTech' is recognised by the Global Academy of Finance and Management (GAFM), a US-based accredited global graduate society for management and finance with membership over 150 countries, for its certification, ‘Certified Fintech Professional’.
# Hilde Hofherr

Hilde Hofherr (born 20 April 1930) is an Austrian alpine skier. She competed at the 1956 Winter Olympics and the 1960 Winter Olympics.
# Jordan Mancino

Jordan Mancino (born May 22, 1983) is an American musician. He has played with several metal acts as the official or as a live member, including As I Lay Dying, Killswitch Engage, and Wovenwar.

## Background

Jordan Mancino started his musical career with the band Edge of Mortality which played shows with Born Blind and Cast in Stone, one member went on to join Bleeding Through. He later met his longtime friend Tim Lambesis. The duo were in several acts together including Point of Recognition. The two friends left that band and then formed As I Lay Dying. The two formed the band and released six albums, as well as a compilation of cover songs. In 2009, Mancino joined the supergroup Souls of We.
When Lambesis plotted to kill his wife, Mancino, along with AILD's guitarists Phil Sgrosso and Nick Hipa and bassist Josh Gilbert formed a new band called Wovenwar with Shane Blay, Oh, Sleeper's guitarist and vocalist. Mancino recently stated that there is no ill will towards Lambesis. Wovenwar has released two albums, Wovenwar (2014) and Honor Is Dead (2016). In 2016, Mancino filled in for Unearth drummer Nick Pierce for a brief time. Mancino has released several play-through videos, including "Anodyne Sea". In 2017, it was reported that Lambesis resurrected AILD with all new members. It was also stated that none of the original members, including Mancino, would return to the lineup. However, in June 2018, it was confirmed the lineup of Mancino, Hipa, Sgrosso, Gilbert and Lambesis have reunited. Mancino left As I Lay Dying in 2022.

## Personal life

Mancino married Marisa Fowler in Las Vegas in 2022. The two had met in 2008 at an afterparty for the Soundwave music festival after noticing each other earlier in the day on their flight from Melbourne to Adelaide.

## Bands

Current
* Souls of We (2009–present)
Live
* Killswitch Engage (2013)
* Unearth (2016)
Former
* Edge of Mortality (1998–2001)
* As I Lay Dying (2000–2014, 2018–2022)
* Wovenwar (2013–2018)
* One Foot Forward (2001)
* Point of Recognition (2001–2002)
* Thieves & Liars (2001–2003)
* Sworn Enemy (2007–2008)

## Discography

As I Lay Dying
* Beneath the Encasing of Ashes (2001)
* Frail Words Collapse (2003)
* Shadows Are Security (2005)
* A Long March: The First Recordings (compilation, 2006)
* An Ocean Between Us (2007)
* The Powerless Rise (2010)
* Decas (compilation, 2011)
* Awakened (2012)
* Shaped by Fire (2019)
Wovenwar
* Wovenwar (2014)
* Honor Is Dead (2016)
Sworn Enemy
* Maniacal (2008)
# Donald Munro (New Brunswick politician)

Donald Munro (February 18, 1855 – April 14, 1939) was a Canadian politician who was a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick and Mayor of Woodstock, New Brunswick.
Munro was the son of David Munro, a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1863 to 1865.
In 1883, Munro was a founding member of the Woodstock Royal Arch Chapter.
For many years, Munro was superintendent of Woodstock's water works and superintendent and purchasing agent for the Woodstock Electric Light Plant.
In 1906, Munro was elected Mayor of Woodstock. He defeated H. D. Stevens 451 to 198. He was reelected in 1907. In 1908, Munro was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. He resigned in 1916 to become Registrar of Wills and Deeds for Carleton County. Munro died in 1939.
# 512 BC

The year 512 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 242 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 512 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### China

* Sun Tzu, author of The Art of War, begins serving King Helü of the State of Wu as his general and military strategist (approximate date).
* The State of Xu is disestablished following attacks by the states of Wu and Chu.

## Births

* Tantai Mieming

## Deaths

* Qing, ruler (duke) of the State of Jin
# Fringilla kormosi

Fringilla kormosi is an extinct species of Fringilla that inhabited Hungary during the Neogene period.
# Paul Burwell

Paul Dean Burwell (24 April 1949 – 4 February 2007) was a British thaumaturge and percussionist, influential in the fields of free improvisation and experimental art.
Born in Ruislip, he studied drums with Max Abrams, then at Ealing Art College and in the workshops organised by drummer John Stevens.
Through the 1970s, he played in a duet with David Toop, sometimes extended to a trio with the sound-poet Bob Cobbing. He was also a founder member of the London Musicians Collective, holding membership card no 1, and wrote for the magazine Musics among others. Paul was also a member of the Resisters. The Resisters played gigs in London and Germany in the late 1970s.
During the 1980s he formed the industrial performance group Bow Gamelan Ensemble with Anne Bean and Richard Wilson.
In 2000, Burwell moved into the old Kingston Rowing Club in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, turning it into an experimental art space for both local and nationally recognised artists and musicians. Few recordings of his work exist; his work was primarily live and acoustic.
Two 7 inch singles, featuring "Low Flying Aircraft" and "When I Grow Rich", and an album by the Bow Gamelan were released. He also featured in David Toop's Sonic Boom booklet from the Hayward Gallery in 2001, and on Richard Wilson's Turbine Hall Swimming Pool performance album.
He was featured in William Raban's film, Beating the Bridges.
A feature length documentary, Burning Bridges - The Story of Paul Burwell (2024) produced by Nova Studios Ltd tells the story of Burwell's life and work and features interviews with artists including Anne Bean, Richard Wilson, Ansuman Biswas and Shaun Caton together with friends and founder members of the London Musicians Collective including David Toop, Sylvia Hallet, Max Eastley, Steve Beresford, Peter Cusack and Evan Parker, his former partner Sheila Cobbing (daughter of the poet Bob Cobbing) and their sons Titus and Piers Burwell.
# Hybrid PAC

A hybrid PAC (sometimes called a Carey Committee) is a political committee classification in the United States. It is used by the Federal Election Commission to describe a committee with certain spending and contribution limitations.
The term is related to "super PAC," a committee which may not make contributions to candidate campaigns or parties, but may engage in unlimited political spending independently of the campaigns. Unlike super PACs, however, a hybrid PAC can give limited amounts of money directly to campaigns and committees, while still making independent expenditures in unlimited amounts.
The hybrid PAC is required to maintain two separate bank accounts for the two types of expenditures, and to register with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and report all receipts and disbursements for both accounts. In essence, the hybrid PAC is the equivalent of a traditional PAC and a super PAC operating under the same roof. The first $5,000 given to a hybrid PAC is given to the traditional PAC, and any funds above that are channeled into the super PAC.

## History

The Hybrid PAC has its origins in the Carey v. Federal Election Commission (FEC) case, in which retired United States Navy Rear Admiral James J. Carey, Kelly Eustis, and the National Defense Political Action Committee filed suit against the FEC on January 31, 2011. Dan Backer, Carey's attorney in the case, argued that the current laws governing campaign contributions prohibited "a nonconnected political committee from soliciting and accepting unlimited contributions to one bank account designated for independent expenditures, while maintaining a second, separate bank account designated for source- and amount-limited contributions to candidates and their authorized political committees." A judge in the D.D.C. ruled in Carey's favor, which opened the door for any PAC or super PAC to reclassify themselves as a hybrid PAC.
Thirteen hybrid PACs were formed within five months of the Carey v. FEC decision. One of the nation's oldest PACs, The Business-Industry Political Action Committee, transitioned to a hybrid PAC in October 2011. Its president and CEO Greg Casey called the decision a "no-brainer," as the PAC could start operating a super PAC arm by opening a new bank account instead of creating a new organization.
As of 2024, Americans for Prosperity, a twenty year old Hybrid PAC, has spent "$257 million (US) to support conservative congressional and presidential candidates."
In total, $1,376 billion was spent by hybrid PACs in the 2024 election. The largest spender was for the 2024 US presidential election, in which Kamala Harris was supported by Future Forward USA PAC, a hybrid PAC that spent $517 million.
# Garda Síochána Inspectorate

The Garda Síochána Inspectorate (Irish: Cigireacht an Gharda Síochána), often simply the Garda Inspectorate, is a statutory independent body in Ireland, established to assure the effectiveness and efficiency of the police and security service of the country, the Garda Síochána. It can conduct inspections on its own initiative or at the request of Ireland's Policing Authority or the relevant minister.
# Vladimir Sokolov

Vladimir Sokolov may refer to:
* Vladimir Sokolov (musician) (1936–1999), Russian clarinettist
* Vladimir Sokolov (rower) (born 1962), Russian Olympic rower
* Vladimir Sokolov (scientist) (1928–1998), Russian environmental scientist
* Vladimir Sokolov (speedway rider), Ukrainian/Soviet Union speedway rider
* Vladimir Samarin, the pseudonym of Russian Nazi collaborator and Yale University instructor Vladimir Sokolov
# Sri Sarada College for Women

Sri Sarada College for Women, is a women's general degree college located at Sarada Nagar, Ariyakulam, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1986. The college is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## Departments
### Science

* Physics
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Computer Science and Application
* Information Technology

### Arts and Commerce

* Tamil
* English
* Sanskrit
* Economics
* Physical Education
* Library Science
* Business Administration
* Commerce
* Social Work - MSW

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Nichole M. Danzl

Minor planets discovered: 6 :
* see § List of discovered minor planets
Nichole M. Danzl is an American astronomer and biologist who has discovered several trans-Neptunian objects while working with the Spacewatch survey.

## Career

Danzl studied biology at the University of Arizona. She is a research scientist, at the Columbia University Medical Center. Between 1995 and 1998, she discovered a total of six minor planets, as part of her work on the Spacewatch program.

### List of discovered minor planets

| (24835) 1995 SM55 | 19 September 1995 | list |
| (26181) 1996 GQ$_{21}$ | 12 April 1996 | list |
| (26308) 1998 SM165 | 16 September 1998 | list |
| (33128) 1998 BU48 | 22 January 1998 | list |
| (33340) 1998 VG44 | 14 November 1998 | list |
| 52975 Cyllarus | 12 October 1998 | list |
| Co-discovery made with: $^A$ J. A. Larsen and A. Gleason |||

## Honors and awards

Asteroid 10720 Danzl, discovered by astronomers with the Spacewatch survey at Kitt Peak Observatory in 1986, was named after her. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 9 May 2001 (M.P.C. 42671).

## Works

* Donlin, Laura T.; Danzl, Nichole M.; Wanjalla, Celestine; Alexandropoulos, Konstantina (December 15, 2005). "Deficiency in Expression of the Signaling Protein Sin/Efs Leads to T-Lymphocyte Activation and Mucosal Inflammation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 25 (24). American Society for Microbiology: 11035–11046. doi:10.1128/mcb.25.24.11035-11046.2005. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 1316950. PMID 16314525.
* PMC, Europe (2021). "Lymphohematopoietic graft-versus-host responses promote mixed chimerism in patients receiving intestinal transplantation". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 131 (8): 141698. doi:10.1172/JCI141698. PMC 8062082. PMID 33630757. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
* Larsen, Jeffrey A.; Gleason, Arianna E.; Danzl, Nichole M.; Descour, Anne S.; McMillan, Robert S.; Gehrels, Tom; Jedicke, Robert; Montani, Joseph L.; Scotti, James V. (2001). "The Spacewatch Wide-Area Survey for Bright Centaurs and Trans-Neptunian Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 121 (1). American Astronomical Society: 562–579. Bibcode:2001AJ....121..562L. doi:10.1086/318022. ISSN 0004-6256.
* "Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells Mediate Immune Homeostasis in the Human Pancreas through the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway". clic. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
* Echeverria, Adriana P.; Cohn, Ian S.; Danko, David C.; Shanaj, Sara; Blair, Lily; Hollemon, Desiree; Carli, Alberto V.; Sculco, Peter K.; Ho, Carine; Meshulam-Simon, Galit; Mironenko, Christine (September 15, 2021). "Sequencing of Circulating Microbial Cell-Free DNA Can Identify Pathogens in Periprosthetic Joint Infections". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 103 (18): 1705–1712. doi:10.2106/JBJS.20.02229. ISSN 1535-1386. PMID 34293751. S2CID 236199023.
# Teens in the Driver Seat

The Teens in the Driver Seat (TDS) program is a peer-to-peer safety program for young drivers. More than 350 schools in Texas now have active TDS programs in place, and TDS has also become active in high schools in 28 states, with a junior high school program available in Georgia, Nebraska, Texas, and Washington. At least 1.2 million teens participate in the program each year.
Developed and designed in 2002, its mission is to decrease the number of car crashes involving teens by increasing their knowledge of teen driving risks.
Teens in the Driver Seat is part of the Texas Transportation Institute and the Texas A&M University System. It is funded by the Texas Department of Transportation and State Farm Insurance - Texas Zone.

## History

Teens in the Driver Seat was founded in 2002, and claims to be the first peer-to-peer program for teens helps them understand the laws and safety of traffic and assess major risk elements. Students are encouraged to spread the project though word-of-mouth to guardians and friends. They use studies from Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) to educate on the dangers of driving.

## Process

TDS is made by teens for teens. The direction and content of the TDS program is driven by its target audience - teens. School and community-based teams draw upon the material resources provided by the program, and then (with assistance from TDS staff) develop their own action plans that reflect a teen perspective. The various approaches and tools created and used by active teams (including posters, videos, school activities, etc.) are often shared widely through Teen Team showcase pages on the TDS website.
# Makowa

Makowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Fredropol, within Przemyśl County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Fredropol, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Przemyśl, and 66 km (41 mi) south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.