OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Annual effective discount rate

The annual effective discount rate expresses the amount of interest paid or earned as a percentage of the balance at the end of the annual period. It is related to but slightly smaller than the effective rate of interest, which expresses the amount of interest as a percentage of the balance at the start of the period. The discount rate is commonly used for U.S. Treasury bills and similar financial instruments.
For example, consider a government bond that sells for $95 ('balance' in the bond at the start of period) and pays $100 ('balance' in the bond at the end of period) in a year's time. The discount rate is
    ${\frac {100-95}{100}}=5.00\%$
The effective interest rate is calculated using 95 as the base
    ${\frac {100-95}{95}}=5.26\%$
which says that $95\%$ of $105.26 is $100.
For every effective interest rate $i$, there is a corresponding effective discount rate $d$ that can produce the same future value as $i$ if a given amount of principal is invested for the same amount of time at each of the rates $i$ and $d$, and they are said to be equivalent. Therefore, we have the following relationship between two equivalent rates $i$ and $d$.
    $1+i={\frac {1}{1-d}}.$
Using this, we can derive the following expression of $d$ and $i$.
    $d={\frac {i}{1+i}}$, and
    $i={\frac {d}{1-d}}.$
We usually define $v$ as the discount factor which is given by
    $v={\frac {1}{1+i}}$, then we can derive that
    $v=1-d$, and
    $d=iv$
using the above relationships between $i$ and $d$.

## Annual discount rate convertible pthly

A discount rate applied $\,p$ times over equal subintervals of a year is found from the annual effective rate d as
    $1-d=\left(1-{\frac {d^{(p)}}{p}}\right)^{p}$
where $\,d^{(p)}$ is called the annual nominal rate of discount convertible $\,p$thly.
    $1-d=\exp(-d^{(\infty )})$
$\,d^{(\infty )}=\delta$ is the force of interest.
The rate $\,d^{(p)}$ is always bigger than d because the rate of discount convertible $\,p$thly is applied in each subinterval to a smaller (already discounted) sum of money. As such, in order to achieve the same total amount of discounting the rate has to be slightly more than 1/pth of the annual rate of discount.

## Business calculations

Businesses consider this discount rate when deciding whether to invest profits to buy equipment or whether to deliver the profit to shareholders. In an ideal world, they would buy a piece of equipment if shareholders would get a bigger profit later. The amount of extra profit a shareholder requires to prefer that the company buy the equipment rather than giving them the profit now is based on the shareholder's discount rate. A common way of estimating shareholders' discount rates uses share price data is known as the capital asset pricing model. Businesses normally apply this discount rate by calculating the net present value of the decision.
# County Councils Network

The County Councils Network is a special interest group within the Local Government Association. Its 36 members are all 23 English county councils and 13 unitary authority councils. The network is the national voice for counties, and has released a significant report containing ambitious policy proposals on behalf of county councils and unitary councils in England.
More recently, the CCN has released influential research outlining the funding challenges facing local government , alongside original research on planning, social mobility, and levelling up.
The County Councils Network works on a cross-party basis, with members of its management committee drawn from all three major parties. The current Chairman of the County Councils Network is Cllr Tim Oliver, leader of Surrey County Council. It campaigns on funding inequalities for counties, issues surrounding social care and children's services, and on devolution to rural areas, as well as other local government-related topics. The County Councils Network shares offices with the Local Government Association in Westminster.
The County Councils Network is represented on the Local Government Leaders' Council by its chair.

## List of members

County councils
* Cambridgeshire County Council
* Derbyshire County Council
* Devon County Council
* East Sussex County Council
* Essex County Council
* Gloucestershire County Council
* Hampshire County Council
* Hertfordshire County Council
* Kent County Council
* Lancashire County Council
* Leicestershire County Council
* Lincolnshire County Council
* Norfolk County Council
* Nottinghamshire County Council
* Oxfordshire County Council
* Staffordshire County Council
* Suffolk County Council
* Surrey County Council
* Warwickshire County Council
* West Sussex County Council
* Worcestershire County Council
Unitary authorities
* Buckinghamshire Council
* Central Bedfordshire Council
* Cheshire East Council
* Cheshire West and Chester Council
* Cornwall Council
* Cumberland Council
* Dorset Council
* Durham County Council
* East Riding of Yorkshire
* Herefordshire Council
* Northumberland County Council
* North Yorkshire Council
* Shropshire Council
* Somerset Council
* Westmorland and Furness Council
* Wiltshire Council
# Angiotensin (1-7)

Angiotensin (1-7) (C $_{41}$H $_{62}$N $_{12}$O $_{11}$; Molecular weight = 899.02 g/mol; H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH) is an active heptapeptide of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). It also known by the generic name talfirastide (development name TXA127).
In 1988, Santos et al demonstrated that angiotensin (1-7) was a main product of the incubation of angiotensin I with brain micropunch biopsies and Schiavone et al reported the first biological effect of this heptapeptide.
Benter et al were the first to report that Ang-(1-7) behaves in a way opposite to that of Ang II and that intavenous administration of Ang-(1-7) produces blood pressure lowering effects by activating its own receptor Angiotensin (1-7) is a vasodilator agent affecting cardiovascular organs, such as heart, blood vessels and kidneys, with functions frequently opposed to those attributed to the major effector component of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II).

## Synthesis

The polypeptide Ang I can be converted into Ang (1-7) by the actions of neprilysin (NEP) and thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) enzymes. Also, Ang II can be hydrolyzed into Ang (1-7) through the actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Ang (1-7) binds and activates the G-protein coupled receptor Mas receptor leading to opposite effects of those of Ang II.

### Possible pathways

* Action of neprilysin on angiotensin I or angiotensin II.
* Action of prolyl endopeptidase on angiotensin I.
* Action of ACE on angiotensin 1-9.
* Action of neprilysin on angiotensin 1-9.
* Action of ACE2 on angiotensin II.

## Effects

Ang (1-7) has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It helps protect cardiomyocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats by increasing the expression of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase enzymes, augmenting production of nitric oxide.

## Pharmacological interactions

Ang (1-7) contributes to the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonists.

## Clinical trials

Talfirastide has been tested in people with COVID-19 and stroke.
# CB Smith Reserve

CB Smith Reserve is a football facility based in Fawkner, Victoria, a suburb 12 km north of the centre of Melbourne. The venue is home to the Pascoe Vale Soccer Club and Brunswick Juventus who compete in the National Premier Leagues Victoria 2, as well as State League side Fawkner SC as principle tenant. The venue also hosted home games for Melbourne City FC in the national W-League competition between 2015 and 2021.
The venue was redeveloped at a cost of $6.3 million in late 2014 and early 2015, featuring new and improved club rooms, a high quality pitch and a covered grandstand seating up to 500 people. The total capacity is around 2,000 and the venue and broader facility is owned by the City of Merri-bek.
# Mustafa El Haddaoui

Mustafa El Haddaoui, also spelled Mustapha El-Hadaoui (Arabic: مصطفى الحداوي; born 28 July 1961) is a Moroccan former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
He spent his most of his professional career in France and was also part of the Moroccan squad at the 1986 and 1994 FIFA World Cup. He also competed for Morocco at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
He holds Moroccan and French nationalities.

## International goals

    Scores and results list Morocco's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 24 October 1984 | Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat | Canada | 1–0 | 3–2 | Friendly |
| 2. | 24 October 1984 | Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat | Canada | 3–2 | 3–2 | Friendly |
| 3. | 7 April 1985 | Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium, Rabat | Malawi | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1986 World Cup qualifier |
| 4. | 15 November 1987 | Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca | Ivory Coast | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1988 Summer Olympics qualifier |
| 5. | 16 March 1988 | Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca | Algeria | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1988 African Cup of Nations |
# Martin Voráček

Martin Voráček (born 21 December 1992) is a Czech football player who currently plays for Písek.

## Club career

He made his Gambrinus liga debut for Slavia against Teplice on 22 August 2011.
# Connie Chen

Connie Chen (born 26 October 1992) is a South African professional golfer who has played on the Ladies European Tour. She won the 2014 Open De España Femenino, which was her first title on the tour.

## Amateur career

Chen started playing golf at the age of ten, and first represented South Africa aged 15 at the 2008 Junior Open Championship. She continued her international career by playing for South Africa at the Annika Invitational and The British Girls Championship in 2009 and 2010, and then The Duke of York Invitational in 2010. She more than ten amateur events in 2010 and was a member of the South African team at the 2010 Espirito Santo Trophy, finishing third.
She earned the 2010 Compleat Golfer South African Woman Golfer of the Year Award by the Women's Golf South African Association (WGSA).

## Professional career

After her 18th birthday, she turned professional and qualified for the 2011 Ladies European Tour season. Chen made a hole in one at the 2013 Omega Dubai Ladies Masters winning a car. The following year she had her maiden win on the Ladies European Tour when she won the 2014 Open de España Femenino in Tenerife, Spain.
At the end of 2014, Chen started her PGA studies and became a full member of the PGA UK&I in early 2018. In 2020 Chen was featured as one of Golf Digest's Top 75 Best International Teachers. She played on the Chinese LPGA tour over the following seasons while also coaching around the world.

## Ladies European Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 2014 | Tenerife Open de Espana Femenino | −12 (68-70-69-69=276) | 2 strokes | Carlota Ciganda |

## Team appearances

Amateur
* Espirito Santo Trophy (representing South Africa): 2010

## Awards and other recognition

* Compleat Golfer South African Woman Golfer of the Year award 2010
* Golf Digest Top 75 International Coach 2020
# Kadal Meengal

Kadal Meengal (transl. Sea Fishes) is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language masala film directed by G. N. Rangarajan, starring Kamal Haasan, Sujatha, Nagesh and Swapna. It is a remake of the 1980 Malayalam film Meen, and also draws inspiration from the Hindi film Trishul (1978). The film revolves around a man seeking revenge on his father for abandoning the former's mother. It was released on 5 June 1981.

## Plot

Selvanayakam, also known as Selvam, is a poor but hard-working fisherman in love with Bhagyam, a woman from the same fishing hamlet. After a dispute with the locals, Selvam relocates to a neighboring village to fish but is feared dead during a cyclone. He eventually returns alive but, unable to find Bhagyam, marries another woman.
Meanwhile, Bhagyam gives birth to Selvam's child but lives in isolation, separate from Selvam, who has become a wealthy businessman. Years later, their son Rajan learns about his father and grows to resent him for abandoning his mother. Driven by anger, Rajan aligns with his father's rivals, engaging in a prolonged conflict with Selvam in both business and personal matters.

## Cast

* Kamal Haasan as Selvanayakam and Rajan (dual role)
* Sujatha as Bhagyam
* Nagesh as Peter
* Swapna as Nisha
* Ambika as Selvanayakam's daughter
* Suman as Sekhar
* K. A. Thangavelu as Mudhaliyar
* Sangili Murugan as Dhanakodi
* Thengai Srinivasan as Sivaanandham
* Sukumari as Annaporani
* Nizhalgal Ravi as Ravi
* G. Srinivasan as Nachimuthu
* K. Kannan as Vadivelu
* V. Gopalakrishnan
* A. R. Srinivasan
* Pandu as Vadivelu's colleague

## Production

The makeup for old look of Kamal Haasan was done by R. Sundaramoorthy who revealed the look is inspired from a character from the 1980 film Babylon.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

## Reception

Sindhu-Jeeva of Kalki praised Kamal Haasan's acting, Viswanathan's cinematography and Ilaiyaraaja's music but felt unit who worked a lot in the idea of taking gold and making jewellery not realising it is just clay and concluded Meen (fish) in Malayalam, Karuvadu (dried fish) in Tamil.
# The Old Guard (1934 film)

The Old Guard (Italian: Vecchia guardia) is a 1934 Italian drama film directed by Alessandro Blasetti and starring Gianfranco Giachetti, Mino Doro, and Franco Brambilla. It was one of several pro-Fascist films made by Blasetti during the era. The film is set in a small Italian town in 1922, where a local group of Fascist blackshirts battle against rival socialists who have called a strike at the hospital. Mario, the young son of Doctor Cardini, is killed in the fighting. The film ends with the March on Rome that brought Benito Mussolini to power.
Although intended as sympathetic to the regime, and the methods by which it came to power, the film was not popular with the Fascist hierarchy who felt its portrayal of violence undermined the respectable image the party was now trying to cultivate.

## Cast

* Gianfranco Giachetti as Dott. Claudio Cardini
* Mino Doro as Roberto
* Franco Brambilla as Mario
* Maria Puccini as La moglie
* Barbara Monis as La maestra
* Graziella Antonelli as La sorella della maestra
* Ugo Ceseri as Marcone
* Umberto Sacripante as Il pazzo Tralicò
* Graziela Betti as La ragazza del convento
* Gino Viotti as Il sindaco
* Cesare Zoppetti as L'assessore
* Aristide Garbini as L'uscere
* Italo Tancredi as L'infermiere
* Andrea Checchi as Pompeo
* Ugo Sasso as Uno squadrista
# The Golden Cage (1933 film)

The Golden Cage is a 1933 British drama film directed by Ivar Campbell and starring Anne Grey, Anthony Kimmins and Frank Cellier. The film was made at Shepperton Studios as a quota quickie for distribution by MGM. A woman marries a wealthy man but is still secretly in love with a much poorer man.

## Cast

* Anne Grey as Venetia Doxford
* Anthony Kimmins as Paul Mortimer
* Frank Cellier as Julian Sande
* Mackenzie Ward as Claude Barrington
# Eileen Sedgwick

Eileen Sedgwick (October 17, 1898 – March 15, 1991) was an American actress of the silent era.

## Biography

Born in 1898, Sedgwick was in her first film in 1914 and appeared in more than 110 films during her 15-year career. She was the sister of film director Edward Sedgwick and actress Josie Sedgwick.
Sedgwick changed her name to Gretel Yoltz in the fall of 1927, after which she "found constant work". Before the change, Sedgwick was known as "Queen of the Serials" and was typecast in roles in Western films. The actress disappeared for long enough that casting lists no longer included Eileen Sedgwick.
When Gretel Yoltz visited Gotham Productions, affecting an accent and dressed in "a stunning outfit of clothes", she was given a part in the film The River Woman, after which she was cast for a second film. Eventually people began to recognize her and the ruse ended.

## Partial filmography

* Man and Beast (1917)
* Hell's Crater (1918)
* The Lure of the Circus (1918)
* The Great Radium Mystery (1919)
* The Diamond Queen (1921)
* Terror Trail (1921)
* In the Days of Daniel Boone (1923)
* Beasts of Paradise (1923)
* The Riddle Rider (1924)
* The Fighting Ranger (1925)
* The Sagebrush Lady (1925)
* The Winking Idol (1926)
* Beyond All Odds (1926)
* Strings of Steel (1926)
* Tin Hats (1926)
* Lure of the West (1926)
* When Danger Calls (1927)
* A Girl in Every Port (1928) (credited as Gretel Yoltz)
* The Vanishing West (1928)
* Beautiful But Dumb (1928)
* Yellow Contraband (1928)
* The Jade Box (1930)
# Nacer Abdellah

Nacer Abdellah (born 3 March 1966 in Sidi Slimane) is a retired Moroccan football player. Abdellah started his career in Belgium with KV Mechelen, and played most of his career for Belgian teams. He also made 24 appearances for the Morocco, and played at the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the matches against Belgium and Saudi Arabia.
Just before the 1994 World Cup in the U.S., a statement of Nacer Abdellah lead to controversy. Abdellah said that his former teammate at Cercle Brugge, the Belgian Josip Weber wouldn't score during the tournament.
# Ikuyo Tsukidate

Ikuyo Tsukidate (築舘 郁代, Tsukidate Ikuyo, born 15 January 1977) is a Japanese biathlete. She competed in four events at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
# Paula Edwardes

Paula A. Edwardes (1878 – after 1926) was an American stage performer in musical comedies and vaudeville.

## Early life

Edwardes was born in New York City or possibly Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Boston, where she began her stage work as a chorus girl.

## Career

She had a part in The Belle of New York (1897), which traveled to London; her sister Peggy Edwardes was also in the company. She was also in The Great Ruby. Her Broadway appearances included roles in A Runaway Girl (1898–1899); The Show Girl (1902); The Defender (1902); Winsome Winnie (1903); The Man from Now (1906); and The Princess Beggar (1907). Edwardes was known for performing soubrette parts using an exaggerated accent called "Americanized Cockney" by one reviewer.
In 1906, ragtime composer Cora Folsom Salisbury wrote a valse caprice for piano named "Paula" and dedicated it to Edwardes. In 1907, she contracted to provide "electric music" (recordings) in theatre lobbies before her live performances, one of the first musical theatre stars to be recorded for such purposes. At the end of 1907, there were rumors that she was engaged to marry steel magnate Joseph E. Schwab, rumors that both parties denied. In 1910 she was headlining a variety show in New York.

## Later life

As Edwardes grew older, she was no longer suited to soubrette parts and did not win other roles. "Thus Paula Edwardes, when her youth faded, faded simultaneously from view," explained critic George Jean Nathan; he told of an encounter with the older Edwardes, dressed girlishly and claiming to be her own teenaged niece, in hopes of reclaiming the fame of her earlier days. In 1926, a police officer found Edwardes, holding a crucifix and praying in the rain, on a street corner in New York City. She said that a dream had instructed her to do so, and she was escorted to Bellevue Hospital for care.
# Juju on That Beat (TZ Anthem)

"Juju on That Beat (TZ Anthem)" (also known simply as "Juju on That Beat", "Juju on the Beat" and "Juju on dat Beat") is a song and dance by American hip hop duo Zay Hilfigerrr & Zayion McCall. The song was originally posted to McCall's YouTube channel on July 8, 2016, as a track from his mixtape Why So Serious?, where it received over 18,000 views. It was posted to his channel again on August 11, 2016, where it received over 45 million views. The song became a viral dance challenge. The entire song is a freestyle over the beat of the song "Knuck If You Buck" by Atlanta hip hop group Crime Mob featuring Lil' Scrappy.
The single charted on the US Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at number 5.
The duo had appearances on Live with Kelly on October 19, 2016 (with guest host Ciara), where they performed the song and gave instructions on the dance moves and on Halloween day on October 31, 2016, on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.

## Music video

On November 2, 2016, the music video for Juju on That Beat was uploaded to Zay and Zayion's YouTube channel, The ZayNetwork, where it received over 290 million views. The video is potentially based on the film Neighbors. In it, Zay and Zayion move into a suburban neighborhood and host a dance party in their front yard. The video won the 2017 Kids Choice Award for Favorite Music Video.

## Charts

| Chart (2016–17) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 26 |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 69 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 11 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 22 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 13 |
| Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100) | 96 |
| France (SNEP) | 120 |
| Germany (GfK) | 53 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 43 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 48 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 24 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 43 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 41 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 56 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 67 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 37 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 5 |
| US Pop Airplay (Billboard) | 30 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 20 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2016) | Position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 50 |
| Chart (2017) | Position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 63 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 30 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 66,666$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Dineo Magagula

Dineo Magagula (born 14 October 1994) is a South African soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for SAFA Women's League side TS Galaxy Queens and the South Africa women's national team.

## Club career
### University of Johannesburg

In 2019, she assisted the side in retaining their 2018 University Sports South Africa (USSA) title. Later that year, she was added to Team SA for the World Student Games held in Naples, Italy.

### TS Galaxy Queens

She joined SAFA Women's League side TS Galaxy Queens ahead of the 2023 season.

## International career

Magagula competed for the South Africa women's national team at the 2022 COSAFA Women's Championship when they finished as runners-up to Zambia.

## Honours

* University of Johannesburg: University Sports South Africa (USSA): 2018, 2019
* South Africa: COSAFA Women's Championship: Runners-up: 2022
# Hot Soup (mixtape)

Hot Soup is the second overall mixtape by American rapper Danny Brown. It was self released as a free digital download on July 1, 2008 by Brown, and brought success to his career, being considered to be a predecessor to The Hybrid. It contains features from Nick Speed, Rapper Big Pooh, O Dash, Kinesis, Lola Damone, Chip, Marv Won, and K-Fresh.

## Re-release and promotion

Originally released as a free digital download, on April 2014, Hot Soup was re-released as a double LP and 7-inch with 7 bonus tracks for Record Store Day. It was also released on CD with a bonus disc of instrumentals. Along with Hot Soup, Brown also released Old as a double LP and a box set. On March 25, 2014, Brown appeared The Arsenio Hall Show, where he promoted his third album Old and performed the single "Dip" from the album.

## Track listing

All music is composed by All tracks are produced by Nick Speed

## Personnel
### Companies

* Manufactured By – Fat Beats Distribution
* Distributed By – Fat Beats Distribution
* Copyright © – Libido Sounds
* Copyright © – Nix Production
* Copyright © – Street Corner Music

### Credits

* Art Direction – Danny Brown, Mario "Khalif" Butterfield, Nick Speed
* Executive-Producer – Danny Brown, Nick Speed
* Mixed By, Mastered By, Arranged By – Mike Wyatt, Nick Speed
* Photography By, Cover [Design] – Mario "Khalif" Butterfield
* Producer – Nick Speed