OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# NGC 6622

NGC 6622 is an interacting spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco. It is located around 313 million light-years away, and it was discovered by Edward D. Swift and Lewis A. Swift on June 2, 1885. NGC 6622 interacts with NGC 6621, with their closest approach having taken place about 100 million years before the moment seen now. NGC 6622 and NGC 6621 are included in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 81 in the category "spiral galaxies with large high surface brightness companions".
NGC 6622 is the smaller of the two, and is a very disturbed galaxy. The encounter has left NGC 6622 very deformed, as it was once a spiral galaxy. The collision has also triggered extensive star formation between the two galaxies. The most intense star formation takes place in the region between the two nuclei, where a large population of luminous clusters, also known as super star clusters, has been observed. At this region is observed the most tidal stress. The brightest and bluest clusters are less than 100 million years old, with the youngest being less than 10 million years old. The side of the galaxy further from the companion features noticeably less star formation activity.
# Thomas Hayes (Lord Mayor)

Sir Thomas Hayes (died 27 September 1617) was an English merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1614.
Hayes was a city of London merchant and a member of the Worshipful Company of Drapers. On 22 December 1603 he was elected an alderman of the City of London for Bishopsgate ward. He was knighted on 26 July 1603. He was Sheriff of London for the years 1604 to 1605. In 1613 he was elected alderman for Cornhill ward. In 1614, he was elected Lord Mayor of London.
Hayes married a daughter of Robert Howse who was Sheriff of London from 1586 to 1587. His daughter married Sir Henry Boothby, 1st Baronet. Another daughter Margaret married Peter Egerton, younger son of Sir John Egerton.
# Rugby union at the 1993 Mediterranean Games

Rugby union was one of several sports at the 1993 Mediterranean Games. This Mediterranean Games was held in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Only men's teams participated in the rugby tournament.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's Competition | France | Italy | Spain |

## Group matches

| Team | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | Diff | Points |
| France | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 298 | 17 | +281 | 8 |
| Italy | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 190 | 57 | +133 | 6 |
| Spain | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 75 | 108 | −33 | 3 |
| Croatia | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 62 | 272 | −210 | 2 |
| Morocco | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 27 | 198 | −171 | 1 |

## Standings

| Rank | Team |
| | France |
| | Italy |
| | Spain |
| 4 | Croatia |
| 5 | Morocco |
# Karlo Kuret

Karlo Kuret (born 28 February 1970) is a Croatian sailor. He competed at the 1992, 1996, 2000, and the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# William Grüner

William Grüner (6 May 1888 – 15 February 1961) was a Swedish long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1912 and 1920 Summer Olympics.
# Martin Sigmund

Martin Sigmund (born 19 July 1982) is a retired Czech football player, who played in the Czech First League for FK Teplice. His previous club was Banik Modlany, with the previous competition as Landesliga.
# Addis Fortune

Addis Fortune (also known as Fortune) is a private and independent newspaper based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

## Overview

It is the largest English-language weekly in the country. Its circulation is often quoted at a meager 7,500 copies per week in a country with a population of 100 million. However, its rival, Capital, which is also based in Addis Ababa, recently claimed to have topped Fortune in circulation in a project launched to celebrate its ten-year anniversary. Fortune still claims to be the largest circulating paper in its category, surpassing all others in the competition by an average of 60%. Its current editor-in-chief is Hagos Gebreamlak.

## History

The newspaper was first issued in the year 2000. Making it the 14th or 15th newspaper to be issued in Ethiopia.
# Aluva Mahadeva Temple

Aluva Mahadeva Temple is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva, and situated on the bank of the Periyar River at Aluva manappuram in suburban Kochi. The presiding deity of the temple is Lord Shiva, located in main Sanctum Sanctorum, facing east. According to folklore, sage Parashurama has installed the idol. It is the part of the 108 Shiva Temples of Kerala. The temple is mostly known for the Aluva Sivarathri festival.
# Shortnose cisco

The shortnose cisco (Coregonus reighardi) is a North American freshwater whitefish in the salmon family Salmonidae. One of the members of the broader Coregonus artedi species complex of ciscoes, it is native to the Great Lakes of Canada and the United States. Its population has been declining and it has disappeared from some of its earlier haunts. The last reported population was restricted to Georgian Bay off Lake Huron in Canada. It is thought that declines in the population of this fish may be linked with the arrival of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), in the Great Lakes. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the conservation status of this fish as "critically endangered", and possibly extinct.
In 2024, the United States Geological Survey announced that the species had been rediscovered in Lake Superior.

## Description

Reaching a maximum recorded length of 36 cm (14 in) and a maximum recorded weight of 540 g (1 lb 3 oz), the shortnose cisco is distinguished from the other whitefishes by its thicker body (nearly circular in cross-section), short head (the source of the fish's common name), and small eye.

## Ecology

Like many Coregonus species, the shortnose cisco is poorly understood, and little is known about its breeding or life-cycle except that it spawns in the spring at the lake bottom; the oldest specimen collected was eight years of age. The fish feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, and zooplankton.

## Status

It is native to the Great Lakes, formerly occurring in Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Ontario in Canada and the United States. The IUCN considers C. reighardi to be Critically Endangered on the basis of plummeting population, caused by environmental degradation. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Province of Ontario's Ministry of Natural Resources, however, consider the species already extinct, on the basis that no specimen has been collected since 1985. The species was last confirmed present in Lake Ontario in 1964, in Lake Michigan in 1974, and in Georgian Bay in 1985. Predation by the alien sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), in combination with commercial overfishing, has contributed to the fish's drastic reduction in numbers and possible extirpation. In 2024, it was announced that the species had been rediscovered in Lake Superior, where it is not previously known to have lived.
# Holman Climax Male Voice Choir

The Holman Climax Male Voice Choir is a Cornish choir which was formed in 1940 and is based in Camborne, Cornwall. It was originally known as the Climax Male Voice Choir, but added the name Holman to its title during the late 1960s after the two companies of Holman's and Climax merged.
The Holman Climax Male Voice Choir was formed in 1940 by Edgar S. Kessell MBE (1910–1981), the first conductor of the choir, who guided it from its formation until his retirement due to ill health in 1973. Kessell also formed the Treverva Male Voice Choir (in 1936) and Mabe Ladies Choir (in 1940). He was awarded the MBE for his services to Cornish choral music in the New Year's Honours List 1975, and a local musical honour, the Lady Trefusis Medal, in 1976.
The choir was taken over by George Smith, who conducted the Choir for 18 years. Upon his retirement for health reasons the Choir was successfully conducted by Roger Wills until his retirement in 2008. The current Musical Director is Angela Renshaw, well known throughout Cornwall for her boys' choir and her involvement in the promoting of choral music in schools.
The Choir, well known for its initiatives over the years, has produced a DVD, making it the first choir to do so in Cornwall.
# Damir Vučičić

Damir Vučičić (born 20 July 1977) is a Croatian rower. He competed in the men's coxless four event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Hugo Johansson

Carl Hugo Johansson (16 June 1887 – 23 February 1977) was a Swedish sport shooter who competed at the 1912, 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics.
In 1912, he won the gold medal as a member of the Swedish team in the team free rifle event and the bronze medal in the team military rifle competition.
In the 1912 Summer Olympics he also participated in the following events:
* 300 metre free rifle, three positions – fourth place
* 600 metre free rifle – 23rd place
Eight years later, he won the gold medal in the 600 metre military rifle prone event and two bronze medals in military rifle team competitions.
In the 1920 Summer Olympics, he also participated in the following events:
* Team 300 metre military rifle, prone – fifth place
* 300 metre military rifle, prone – sixth place
* Team 300 and 600 metre military rifle, prone – sixth place
* Team free rifle – sixth place
* 300 metre free rifle, three positions – place unknown
In the 1924 Summer Olympics, he participated in the following events:
* Team free rifle – seventh place
* 600 metre free rifle – eighth place
# Ayoub Ghadfa

Ayoub Ghadfa Drissi El Aissaoui (born 6 December 1998) is a Spanish boxer. He competed at the 2022 European Amateur Boxing Championships, being awarded the bronze medal in the super heavyweight event. He also competed at the 2021 AIBA World Boxing Championships in the super heavyweight event, winning no medal. He also won the silver medal at the 2024 Olympics.
# VISION Movement

The VISION movement is a Hebrew Universalist political movement founded by American-born Israeli rabbi, West Bank settler, and Jewish Defense League veteran, Yehuda HaKohen.
The movement supports the Jewish resettlement of Gaza, a one-state solution, working with Palestinian groups, like Hamas, to simultaneously pursue both Jewish and Palestinian Arab liberation, the Palestinian right of return, and opposes American influence in Israeli politics.

## Ideology
### Hebrew Universalism

Hebrew Universalism is a Jewish cultural, religious, and political philosophy which synthesizes aspects of Zionism, Haredi non-Zionism, and humanism. Members believe Zionism failed to fully fulfill Jewish liberation and recognize the early Zionists utilized European-style settler-colonial tactics to establish the State of Israel, leading to the Nakba.

### Decolonization

A primary goal of the movement is to push towards the decolonization of the Jewish people and the entirety of the Middle East.
In its 2020 World Zionist Congress platform, the group stated:
   The Jewish people constitutes a proud ancient civilization with a unique culture, worldview, traditions and homeland. But as a result of our displacement and many centuries of oppression, several aspects of our identity have been stolen from us or diluted to the point of becoming barely recognizable. Every people that experiences liberation must subsequently engage in a postcolonial conversation. VISION promotes conversations aimed at decolonizing Jewish identity as a necessary component of rebuilding Hebrew civilization in the modern age.
Canaanism, specifically the Canaanism espoused by the Semitic Action group, has heavily influenced the movement as well. Rav HaKohen reformed Semitic Action in 2011 and the group regularly contributes to VISION's online magazine.

### Lehi thought

Lehi paramilitary members, such as Avraham Stern, Nathan Yellin-Mor, Yitzhak Shamir, and Israel Eldad have influenced the movement greatly.
The Lehi separated from the Zionist movement in 1944 and created a uniquely Hebrew form of National Bolshevism.

## Members and supporters

* Rav Yehuda HaKohen - Founder of the movement.
* Rudy Rochman - Israeli civil rights activist and social media influencer.
* Antwan Saca - Palestinian peace activist.
# The Fun Girls

The Fun Girls ("Daphne and Skippy") are fictional recurring characters on The Andy Griffith Show, an American TV sitcom from the 1960s.

## Overview

"The Fun Girls" (sardonically nicknamed by Thelma Lou) were a pair of fun-loving women: the giggly Skippy (played by Joyce Jameson) and the gravel-voiced Daphne (played by Jean Carson). The two hailed from Mount Pilot, the "big city" near the small town of Mayberry. They were flirtatious, they loved dancing, and their appearance in town almost always meant trouble for Sheriff Andy Taylor and Deputy Barney Fife (both of whom had steady girlfriends). Skippy was characterized by her high-pitched, grating laugh and was generally attracted to Barney (whom she incessantly called "Bernie"). Daphne was known for her throaty greeting "Hello Doll" and was attracted to Andy.
The first appearance of the Fun Girls resulted in Andy receiving a black-eye during a scuffle with Daphne's erstwhile boyfriend.
On one occasion, Andy and Barney had to cancel their dates with their girlfriends Helen Crump and Thelma Lou respectively so they could work late at the courthouse, only to be interrupted by Skippy and Daphne. Andy and Barney innocently tried to escort the two back to Mt. Pilot so they could finish their work, but were spotted in the car with them by their girlfriends. To get back at them, Helen and Thelma Lou went out with cousins Gomer and Goober Pyle, and in turn, Andy and Barney went out with the Fun Girls. By the end of the day, it was apparent that Gomer and Goober were better matches for the Fun Girls as they genuinely seemed to enjoy each other's company.
Their last appearance has them coming to Mayberry to have a fun time with Andy and Barney, much to their chagrin as they want nothing to do with the girls. They try to keep them occupied before leaving to go on dates with Helen and Thelma Lou, but Barney is forced to stay to make sure they don't wreck the courthouse. Thelma Lou and Helen discover the girls in the courthouse and the men in compromising positions, they leave in a huff. Fed up, Andy explodes at them, telling them to get out of town, which the Fun Girls do, much to Skippy's dismay. The men make up with their girlfriends and have a date night at Andy's house, only to discover the Fun Girls there, putting the men back at the bottom of the barrel with their girlfriends.
The Fun Girls made three appearances on The Andy Griffith Show from 1962 to 1965:
| Ep.# | Episode title | Directed by | Written by | Airdate |
| 68 (Season 3 Episode 6) | "Barney Mends a Broken Heart" | Bob Sweeney | Aaron Ruben | November 5, 1962 |
| 123 (Season 4 Episode 27) | "The Fun Girls" | Coby Ruskin | Aaron Ruben | April 13, 1964 |
| 155 (Season 5 Episode 28) | "The Arrest of the Fun Girls" | Theodore J. Flicker | Richard M. Powell | April 5, 1965 |
Jean Carson also appeared in the episode "Convicts at Large", playing a man-hating, escaped prisoner convicted of spousal abuse.
# Down in the Dumps

Down in the Dumps is a 1996 adventure game developed for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, by the French Haiku Studios and published by Philips Media. The release for Macintosh was published in 1997. Versions for the PlayStation, Sega Saturn and Philips CD-i were slated for 1996, but never released.

## Plot

The game's storyline is about the Blubs, an extraterrestrial family (father and mother Blub, their son and daughter, the grandparents and their pet Stinkie), who crash with their spaceship on a landfill on Earth after being pursued by the villainous Khan and his criminal associates. After surviving the crash, the Blub family goes on to live on the landfill, while trying to repair their damaged spaceship in order to return home. The player is set out on a mission by grandfather Blub, an inventor and the spaceship's technician, to find the missing parts needed to reconstruct the spaceship. Meanwhile, Khan, whose ship also crashed on the landfill after the pursuit of the Blub family, sends out his minions to frustrate the efforts of the Blubs.

## Gameplay

The game consists of five parts called "toons", all set in the landfill – except for part five which takes place in space – featuring one or two of the Blub family members as playable characters. The five sections are titled "The Blub, the Rat and the Bad Guy", "The Hypnotic Machine", "The Abominable Robin Blub", "The Bum" and "The End". Each has its own distinct visual theme, although the overall visual style is very cartoon-like. For example, the player visits the head of a homeless person ("bum") and a society inhabited by frogs, where a series of events somewhat reminiscent of the Robin Hood story is triggered.
The player has to solve different puzzles in order to advance the plot by using a point and click interface. Large portions of the plot are told by pre-rendered cinematics, often triggered at the beginning or the end of a "toon".
# Hirakhand Express

Hirakhand Express is a daily express train which runs between Jagdalpur and Bhubaneswar. It was initially introduced between Sambalpur and Balangir. This train has seen several extension on both the ends and now running in a completely different route than its initial station of origin. First it was extended to run between Rourkela and Titlagarh, then between Rourkela and Rayagada, then between Rourkela and Bhubaneswar via Vijayanagaram but after completion of the Koraput-Rayagada link line connecting Jharsuguda-Vizianagaram line with Kothavalasa-Kirandul line, it was diverted to run between Koraput to Bhubaneswar. In 2010, it was further extended until Jagdalpur. It is operated by the East Coast Railway Zone of Indian Railways.

## Etymology

Hirakhand means a piece of diamond in Sambalpuri language spoken in Western Orissa. It is named after the medieval period kingdom of Hirakhand otherwise known as Sambalpur State spread across present Western Orissa and parts of Chhattisgarh state.

## Schedule

The 18447 Hirakhand Express leaves Bhubaneswar every day at 1935 hrs IST and reaches Jagdalpur at 1100 hrs IST the next day. The 18448 Hirakhand Express leaves Jagdalpur every day at 1630 hrs IST and reaches Bhubaneswar at 0825 hrs IST on next day.

## Stoppages

The major stoppages are Jeypore, Koraput Junction, Rayagada, Parvathipuram railway station, Bobbili Junction Vizianagaram Junction, Srikakulam Road, Palasa, Brahmapur and Khurda Road Junction.

## Slip route

On 11 August 2012, a "slip route" of Hirakhand Express was Inaugurated as "Junagarh Road-Bhubaneswar Link Express" (Train Number-18437/18438). The source of this train is Junagarh Road near Bhawanipatna. It leaves Bhawanipatna at 1855 hrs IST daily and arrives at 0825 hrs IST daily. The train amalgamates/bifurcates at Rayagada with/from the main Jagdalpur Hirakhand Express. This train halts at Depur PH, G.Ramchandrapur, Lanjigarh Road Junction, Ambodala, Muniguda, Bissam Cuttack and Therubali before/after Rayagada.

## Traction

As the route is electrified, it is hauled by a VSKP-based WAP-7 electric locomotive from Bhubaneswar to Jagdalpur and vice versa with LHB Coaches. Earlier It had a slip separated at Rayagada railway station and using a VSKP based WDG 3A to Junagarh Road and Bhawanipatna from Rayagada but now it's a complete single running train.
# Glejser test

Glejser test for heteroscedasticity, developed in 1969 by Herbert Glejser, is a statistical test, which regresses the residuals on the explanatory variable that is thought to be related to the heteroscedastic variance. After it was found not to be asymptotically valid under asymmetric disturbances, similar improvements have been independently suggested by Im, and Machado and Santos Silva.

## Steps for using the Glejser method

Step 1: Estimate original regression with ordinary least squares and find the sample residuals e$_i$.
Step 2: Regress the absolute value |e$_i$| on the explanatory variable that is associated with the heteroscedasticity.
    ${\begin{aligned}|e_{i}|&=\gamma _{0}+\gamma _{1}X_{i}+v_{i}\\[8pt]|e_{i}|&=\gamma _{0}+\gamma _{1}{\sqrt {X_{i}}}+v_{i}\\[8pt]|e_{i}|&=\gamma _{0}+\gamma _{1}{\frac {1}{X_{i}}}+v_{i}\end{aligned}}$
Step 3: Select the equation with the highest R$^2$ and lowest standard errors to represent heteroscedasticity.
Step 4: Perform a t-test on the equation selected from step 3 on γ$_1$. If γ$_1$ is statistically significant, reject the null hypothesis of homoscedasticity.

## Software Implementation

Glejser's Test can be implemented in R software using the glejser function of the skedastic package. It can also be implemented in SHAZAM econometrics software.
# Narendrasena

Vakataka dynasty c. 250 - 510 CE :
| Vindhyashakti | c. 250 - 275 |
| Pravarasena I | c. 275 - 335 |
Nandivardhana-Pravarapura Branch :
| Rudrasena I | c. 335 - 360 |
| Prithivishena I | c. 360 - 385 |
| Rudrasena II | c. 385 - 390 |
| Prabhavatigupta (regent) | c. 390 - 410 |
| Damodarasena | c. 410 - 420 |
| Pravarasena II | c. 420 - 455 |
| Narendrasena | c. 455 - 480 |
| Prithivishena II | c. 480 - 500 |
Vatsagulma Branch :
| Sarvasena I | c. 325 - 355 |
| Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) | c. 355 - 400 |
| Pravarasena II | c. 400 - 415 |
| Sarvasena II | c. 415 - 455 |
| Devasena | c. 455 - 480 |
| Harishena | c. 480 - 510 |
vte :
Narendrasena (r. c. 455 – 480 CE) was a ruler of the Nandivardhana-Pravarapura branch of the Vakataka dynasty. He succeeded his father Pravarasena II as Maharaja.

## Early life

Narendrasena was possibly born to Ajnakabhattarika, who may have been the chief queen of Pravarasena II and is mentioned as the mother of "Narindaraja" (possibly referring to Narendrasena) in a charter from Pravarasena's 16th regnal year. Sometime during his father's reign, Narendrasena was married to a princess named Ajjhitabhattarika who was described as the daughter of the "king of Kuntala". It is not known for certain who this "king of Kuntala" was, but he is often identified with the Kadamba king Kakusthavarman who is known to have married his daughters into several prominent royal families.

## Reign

The death of Pravarasena II may have been followed by a succession struggle, from which Narendrasena emerged victorious. The Vakataka records state that Narendrasena had to "regain the fortunes of his family" after suffering some undisclosed calamity, which several historians have interpreted as referring to this supposed war of succession after his father's death. However, A.S. Altekar argues that the records instead refer to an invasion of the Vakataka realm by the Nala king Bhavadattavarman of the Bastar region, who is known to have penetrated deep into Vidarbha and occupied Nandivardhana, the erstwhile Vakataka capital. Altekar supposes that Narendrasena successfully drove out the Nalas from his kingdom shortly after the death of Bhavadattavarman.
The inscriptions of Prithivishena II, Narendrasena's son and successor, assert that Narendrasena's authority was acknowledged by the rulers of Kosala, Mekala, and Malava. Many historians regard this claim to be an empty boast or exaggeration, but it is possible that Narendrasena had indeed greatly expanded the Vakataka sphere of influence. The Gupta Empire, then the hegemonic power in northern India, was embroiled in a war with invading Huna hordes, which left the Vakatakas free to expand into central India. It is also possible that Narendrasena's prosecution of the war against the Nalas resulted in the further extension of Vakataka authority, especially in the area around present-day Chhattisgarh. Narendrasena might have invaded the Nala homeland and sacked their capital, for Skandavarman, a brother and successor of Bhavadattavarman, is said to have retrieved the fortunes of his family and had to repopulate his capital.