OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johann-Heinrich Fehler

Johann-Heinrich Fehler (20 September 1910 – 15 May 1993) was the commander of German submarine U-234 in World War II. He was in-charge of U-234's first and only mission into enemy or contested territory, the attempted delivery of uranium oxide and German advanced weapons technology to the Empire of Japan. He previously served on the commerce raider Atlantis. In 1956 he published his memoirs in London with Arthur V. Sellwood, as Dynamite for Hire: The story of Hein Fehler. They were republished in 1972 as a Tandem paperback titled The Warring Seas.

## Decorations

* Iron Cross 2nd Class (1940)
* Iron Cross 1st Class (1940)
* Merchant Raider Badge (1941)
* German Cross in Gold (1942)
# Frank J. Shortner

Frank J. Shortner (November 10, 1890 – April 8, 1968) was an American politician and businessman.
Born in the town of Richfield in Wood County, Wisconsin, Shortner and his family moved to Edgar, Wisconsin in 1900. He was in the real estate, banking, and insurance businesses. He served with the Edgar Volunteer Fire Department and was a justice of the peace. Shortner was President of the Village of Edgar and postmaster of the village. In 1933, Shortner served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Democrat.
# Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch (1919 film)

Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch is a 1919 silent American comedy-drama film produced by Famous Players–Lasky Corporation and distributed through Paramount Pictures. Directed by Hugh Ford, the film stars Marguerite Clark and is based on the 1904 Broadway play by Anne Crawford Flexner, which itself is taken from the novel of the same name by Alice Hegan Rice.
The picture survives and is preserved at the Library of Congress, one of Clark's few surviving silent films.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Lovey Mary (Clark) is an inmate of an orphanage who runs away with a little boy with whom she has become strongly attached. She finds refuge on a rainy night with Mrs. Wiggs (Carr), a mother of five who lives in a wretched settlement known as the Cabbage Patch. Mrs. Wiggs feeds and shelters them, and lies to a sheriff looking to return them to the orphanage. There are a series of interactions with the amusing characters that live in the Cabbage Patch with brings about the growth and improvement in Mary. It is through Mary that the child she has been mothering becomes legitimate and the whole family obtains prosperity.

## Cast

* Marguerite Clark as Lovey Mary
* Mary Carr as Mrs. Nancy Wiggs
* Vivia Ogden as Miss Tabitha Hazy
* Gladys Valerie as Maggie Duncan
* Gareth Hughes as Billy Wiggs
* Jack McLean as Dick Morgan (credited as Jack MacLean)
* Maud Hosford as Mrs. 'Phroney Morgan
* Lawrence Johnson as Tommy
* May McAvoy as Australy Wiggs
uncredited
* Anita Brown as Mrs. Schultz
* Mary Davis as Mrs. Eichorn
* Lola Hernandez as Asia Wiggs
* Robert Milasch as Hiram Stubbins
* Marian Stewart as Baby Wiggs
* Wanda Valle as Europena Wiggs

## Other adaptations

The 1919 film is the second film adaptation of the novel. The first film version was released in 1914, starring Blanche Chapman. The third version was released in 1934 and stars Pauline Lord while the fourth version was released in 1942 and stars Fay Bainter.
The book was also adapted into a radio series which aired from 1935 to 1938.
# 2000 Canadian Tour

The 2000 Canadian Tour was the 15th season of the Canadian Tour, the main professional golf tour in Canada since it was formed in 1986.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 2000 season.
| Date | Tournament | Location | Purse (C$) | Winner | OWGR points |
| May 28 | Telus Vancouver Open | British Columbia | 150,000 | Rob McMillan (2) | 6 |
| Jun 4 | Shell Payless Open | British Columbia | 150,000 | Jason Bohn (1) | 6 |
| Jun 18 | Telus Edmonton Open | Alberta | 150,000 | Paul Devenport (2) | 6 |
| Jun 25 | Telus Calgary Open | Alberta | 150,000 | Brian Kontak (2) | 6 |
| Jul 2 | MTS Classic | Manitoba | 125,000 | Ben Ferguson (1) | 6 |
| Jul 9 | Ontario Open Heritage Classic | Ontario | 125,000 | Zhang Lianwei (1) | 6 |
| Jul 16 | Eagle Creek Classic | Ontario | 125,000 | Brian Unk (1) | 6 |
| Jul 23 | QuebecTel Open | Quebec | 125,000 | Philip Jonas (1) | 6 |
| Jul 30 | Samsung Canadian PGA Championship | Ontario | 150,000 | Chad Wright (1) | 6 |
| Aug 6 | Benefit Partners/NRCS Classic | Ontario | 125,000 | Nathan Green (1) | 6 |
| Aug 27 | McDonald's PEI Challenge | Prince Edward Island | 125,000 | Steven Alker (1) | 6 |
| Sep 17 | Bayer Championship | Ontario | 200,000 | Steven Alker (2) | 6 |
| Jan 21 | Panasonic Panama Open | Panama | US$200,000 | Steve Runge (1) | 6 |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was titled as the McDonald's Order of Merit and was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Canadian dollars.
| Position | Player | Prize money (C$) |
| 1 | Steven Alker | 93,617 |
| 2 | Arron Oberholser | 73,356 |
| 3 | Chad Wright | 66,519 |
| 4 | Rob McMillan | 65,812 |
| 5 | Jason Bohn | 65,049 |
# 2010 Canadian Tour

The 2010 Canadian Tour was the 25th season of the Canadian Tour, the main professional golf tour in Canada since it was formed in 1986.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 2010 season.
| Date | Tournament | Location | Purse (C$) | Winner | OWGR points | Other tours |
| Feb 21 | Abierto Internacional de Golf II Copa Antioquia | Colombia | US$220,000 | David Vanegas (1) | 12 | CHA, TLA |
| Apr 18 | Corona Mazatlán Mexican PGA Championship | Mexico | US$125,000 | Andy Matthews (1) | 6 | |
| Apr 25 | Riviera Nayarit Classic | Mexico | US$125,000 | Rob Grube (1) | 6 | |
| Jun 6 | Times Colonist Open | British Columbia | 250,000 | Brock Mackenzie (1) | 6 | |
| Jul 4 | ATB Financial Classic | Alberta | 250,000 | Dustin Risdon (3) | 6 | |
| Jul 11 | Dakota Dunes Casino Open | Saskatchewan | 250,000 | Will Wilcox (1) | 6 | |
| Jul 18 | Canadian Tour Players Cup | Manitoba | 300,000 | Aaron Goldberg (1) | 6 | |
| Aug 15 | Clublink Jane Rogers Championship | Ontario | 125,000 | Aaron Goldberg (2) | 6 | |
| Aug 22 | Economical Insurance Group Seaforth Country Classic | Ontario | 125,000 | Kent Eger (2) | 6 | |
| Aug 29 | Canadian Tour Championship | Ontario | 325,000 | Aaron Goldberg (3) | 6 | |
| Nov 7 | Desert Dunes Classic | United States | 150,000 | Adam Hadwin (1) | 6 | |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Canadian dollars.
| Position | Player | Prize money (C$) |
| 1 | Aaron Goldberg | 156,119 |
| 2 | Adam Hadwin | 88,898 |
| 3 | Brock Mackenzie | 65,868 |
| 4 | Will Wilcox | 52,255 |
| 5 | Rob Grube | 50,036 |
# Laws of holes

The law of holes, or the first law of holes, is an adage which states: "If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging." It is used as a metaphor, warning that when in an untenable position, it is best to stop making the situation worse. The second law of holes is commonly known as: "When you stop digging, you are still in a hole."

## Background

When it is said, "if you find yourself in a hole, stop digging", it is because digging a hole makes it deeper and therefore harder to get out of.

## Attribution

The adage has been attributed to a number of sources. It appeared in print on page six of The Washington Post dated 25 October 1911, in the form: "Nor would a wise man, seeing that he was in a hole, go to work and blindly dig it deeper..."
In 1983, Bill Brock was quoted "Let me tell you about the law of holes: If you find yourself in a hole, stop digging."
In the United Kingdom, it has been referred to as "Healey's first law of holes" after politician Denis Healey, who used the adage in the 1980s and later.

## Malapropism

On 4 May 2024, British politician Suella Braverman wrote in The Daily Telegraph: "The hole to dig us out is the PM's, and it's time for him to start shovelling." According to The Guardian, this sentence "does not make sense".
# Roland Lescure

Roland Lescure (French pronunciation:; born 26 November 1966) is a French and Canadian banker and politician who has served as Minister Delegate for Industry in the governments of successive Prime Ministers Élisabeth Borne and Gabriel Attal since 2022.
Prior to joining the government, Lescure served as a member of the National Assembly, to which he was first elected in 2017. A member of Renaissance, he represented the first constituency for French residents overseas (Canada and United States).

## Early life and career

Lescure was born in Paris and raised in Montreuil. His father was a journalist for L'Humanité, while his mother was a trade unionist for the Paris Transport Authority. He studied at the École Polytechnique and the London School of Economics.
Lescure worked as a money manager in France before moving to Montreal, Quebec to take a job as chief investment officer of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, reporting directly to his superior, the Caisse's president Michael Sabia.

## Political career

In parliament, Lescure served as chairman of the Committee on Economic Affairs from 2017 to 2022. In this capacity, he was also the parliament's rapporteur on the privatization of Groupe ADP.
In September 2018, after François de Rugy's appointment to the government, Lescure supported Richard Ferrand's candidacy for the presidency of the National Assembly. Once Ferrand was elected, he stood as a candidate to succeed him as president of the LREM parliamentary group. After having won in the first round, he lost in the second round against Gilles Le Gendre.
Following the 2022 legislative elections, Lescure stood again as a candidate for the National Assembly's presidency; in an internal vote, he lost against Yaël Braun-Pivet.

## Political positions

In July 2019, Lescure voted in favour of the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.
In 2021, Lescure publicly criticized Minister of the Economy and Finance Bruno Le Maire, arguing that the Castex government's rejection of a proposed $20 billion takeover of Carrefour by Canada’s Alimentation Couche-Tard was due partly by a desire to control domestic food supplies.
In January 2021, as a member of the "Hunting, fishing and territories" study group, the deputy voted in favor of the defense and promotion of hunter's leisure.

## Personal life

Lescure is married to an Irish woman.
# Sade

Sade may refer to:

## People

* Marquis de Sade (1740–1814), French aristocrat, writer, and libertine; namesake of the word sadism
* Sade (singer) (born 1959, Helen Folasade Adu), British Nigerian musician and lead singer of the eponymous band
* Sade Baderinwa (born 1969), American, WABC-TV Eyewitness News correspondent and anchor
* Sade Elhawary, community organizer and member of the California State Assembly
* Sade Robinson, college student who was killed and dismembered in Milwaukee in 2024

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Films

* Sade (film) (2000), a French film starring Daniel Auteuil as the Marquis de Sade

### Music

* Sade (band), a British band headed by the singer Sade
* "Sade", a song from the album Duotones (1986) by Kenny G, composed as a tribute to the band Sade
* "Sade", a single from the album Gold (2016) by Adekunle Gold
* "Sade", a song from the album I Might Forgive... But I Don't Forget (2023) by Jeezy

## Other uses

* Sade, Solapur district, a village in Maharashtra, India
* Sadeh (disambiguation)
* Tsade, a letter in several Semitic languages
* Società Adriatica di Elettricità, bought by Montedison in the 1960s.
# Blank Street Coffee

Blank Street is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. It was launched in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, in 2020. As of December 2022, the company operates 58 locations in New York, London, Boston, and D.C.

## History

Blank Street was established in May of 2020, launching three months later in the parking lot of the Wythe Diner in Brooklyn. It was here that founders Issam Freiha and Vinay Menda began selling coffee out of their battery-powered mobile coffee cart, in partnership with EV Foods. Menda from the UAE and Freiha from Lebanon, the two came to New York to study at NYU and Columbia respectively.
The pair was inspired by the high-growth, small-format, and mobile-first food retail businesses in Asia, and saw the opportunity to replicate that experience in the US. However, less than a year into the business, they would open their first brick-and-mortar location on Bedford Avenue in Williamsburg.
In two years, Blank Street had opened 40 locations across Brooklyn and Manhattan. The rapid expansion was backed by prominent investors, including General Catalyst and Tiger Global.
Expansion would soon reach other US cities, such as Boston, where they opened their first location at Beacon Hill in 2022. That same year, Blank Street would also extend into Washington, D.C., making their debut in Dupont Circle.
The growing chain also entered the UK in 2022, first opening a shop in the Fitzrovia district of London.
# Federal Supreme Court of Iraq

The Federal Supreme Court of Iraq (FSC) is the independent judicial body of Iraq that interprets the constitution and determines the constitutionality of laws and regulations. It settles disputes among or between the federal government and the regions and governorates, municipalities, and local administrations, and settles accusations directed against the President, the Prime Minister and the Ministers. It also ratifies the final results of the general elections for the Council of Representatives.
The Supreme Court is composed of a president, a deputy, and seven primary members. Federal law stipulates that proportional representation of the components of Iraqi society must be guaranteed in the Court's composition. In practice, this has meant that it is composed of five Shi'ies, two Sunnis, and two Kurds.

## History

In 2005, the Prime Minister of the Interim Iraqi Government, Ayad Allawi, issued a decree legislating the Law of the Federal Supreme Court (Law No. 30 of 2005), granting the FSC extensive powers to determine the constitutionality of legislative and regulatory acts, arbitrate disputes between Baghdad and the regions and governorates, validate parliamentary election results, and assert exclusive jurisdiction over prosecutions against top government authorities. The Court was also given several guarantees of independence, including at the administrative and financial levels. Due to the fact that the Supreme Court at the time was established by a decree before the adoption of the new Iraqi constitution and the subsequent formation of the Council of Representatives, a separate law passed by the Council (by supermajority) that formally defines the court’s status was required to be passed, per Article 92 of the Constitution of Iraq. However, in June 2021, after a string of failed attempts to reach a compromise between Iraqi political parties representing different components of the society, the Council of Representatives nevertheless passed a law (No. 25, 2021) that amended the previous one that defined the FSC, notably, without the required supermajority. The amendment gives the heads of the following: Supreme Judicial Council, Federal Supreme Court, Public Prosecutor’s Office, and Judicial Supervisory Authority together complete autonomy in selecting and designating the Court’s members by including a clause that permits bypassing the President in case the presidential decree for the selected members is not issued regardless of the reason.
# Miwako Shimada

Miwako Shimada (嶋田 美和子, Shimada Miwako, born 4 October 1972) is a Japanese fencer. She competed in the women's individual foil event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Roland E. Kannenberg

Roland E. Kannenberg (September 25, 1907 – November 15, 1983) was a politician in the state of Wisconsin.

## Biography

Kannenberg was born Roland Ellsworth Harry Kannenberg on September 25, 1907 in Kenosha County, Wisconsin. His brother, John, served as Mayor of Wausau, Wisconsin, and his niece, Natalie, was a delegate to the 2000 Democratic National Convention. His daughter, Gloria, became a noted composer. In 1943, he moved to Mercer, Wisconsin and operated a bar and grill. Kannenberg died from cancer on November 15, 1983 in Madison, Wisconsin.

## Career

Kannenberg served in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1935 to 1939. In 1937 he was accused of engaging in logrolling tactics. In 1956, he unsuccessfully ran for re-election to the Senate. Kannenberg had also been a candidate for the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 10th congressional district, losing to incumbent Alvin E. O'Konski. Additionally, he served as Mercer Town Chairman and on the Iron County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. Kannenberg was also involved with the Wisconsin Progressive Party.
# Nowa Wieś, Gmina Nisko

Nowa Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nisko, within Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Nisko and 57 km (35 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Kamberau language

Kamberau or Kamrau is either of two Asmat–Kamoro languages spoken in Kambrau (Kamberau) District, Kaimana Regency, West Papua Province. North Kamberau is also known as Iria, and South Kamberau as Asienara, a name that has been mistakenly used for the related language Buruwai.
# Bukatoxin

Bukatoxin is an α-scorpion toxin found in the venom of the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. By blocking the inactivation of sodium ion channels, α-scorpion toxins prolong action potentials.

## Sources

Bukatoxin (short names: BukaTx or BKTx, alternative name: BuK-alpha-Tx) is a neurotoxin that is expressed and secreted by the venom gland of the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (Chinese Scorpion).

## Chemistry

Bukatoxin is a 65-residue peptide with the amino acid sequence VRDGYIADDKNCAYFCGRNAYCDEECIINGAESGYCQQAGVYGNACWCYKLPDKVPIRVSGECQQ, and has four disulfide bridges (Cys12-Cys63, Cys16-Cys36, Cys22-Cys46, Cys26-Cys48). The molecular weight of the neurotoxin is 7.2 kDa. Bukatoxin is a member of the 4C-C scorpion toxin superfamily. It can be further categorized as a polypeptide gating modifier toxin that belongs to the α-subfamily of scorpion neurotoxins.

## Target

Based on its homology to other members of the α-scorpion toxin family, bukatoxin most likely blocks the inactivation of neuronal sodium channels by binding to the neurotoxin receptor site 3 of sodium channels, thereby prolonging the action potential.

## Mode of action

The region between 52 and 56 in the amino acid sequence of bukatoxin, the $^{52}$PDKVP$^{56}$ loop, interacts with the neurotoxin receptor site 3, which is located on the extracellular loop of sodium channels that connects the S3 and S4 segments on the domain IV. Specifically, the tripeptide segment $^{53}$ DKV$^{55}$, which forms a surface loop that is available for binding, is suggested to play a significant role in the blocking of the inactivation of sodium channels. Other residues that could contribute to the binding of bukatoxin to the neurotoxin receptor site 3 of the sodium channels are the Val$^1$ and Asp$^9$, which reside in the same surface loop. The binding of bukatoxin is thought to lead to blocking of conformational changes in the sodium channel, by preventing the outward movement of the IVS4 transmembrane segment during depolarization. As a result, inactivation of the channel becomes slower, leading to a broadened action potential.

## Effects

It has been shown that relaxation of carbachol-precontracted rat anococcygeous muscle occurs through the binding of bukatoxin to sodium channels, suggesting that bukatoxin has a muscle relaxation effect. Bukatoxin produces the effects by mediating the activation of nitrergic nerve fibers, most likely via an effect on presynaptic sodium channels. Muscle relaxation effects also arise in rabbit corpus cavernosum, but the mechanisms are not sodium channel-mediated and not completely elucidated yet.
# Takako Nagae

Takako Nagae is a Japanese politician who is a member of the House of Councillors of Japan.

## Biography

She worked for NHK. In 2009, was elected for the House of Representatives for one term. In 2019, she was elected in the House of Councillors.
# Flight 175 (disambiguation)

Flight 175 often refers to United Airlines Flight 175, hijacked on 11 September 2001 as part of the September 11 attacks.
Flight 175 may also refer to:
Listed chronologically
* Eastern Air Lines Flight 175, hijacked on 5 May 1972
* Korean Air Flight 175, crashed on 25 November 1989
* Flight 175: As the World Watched, an American television documentary film about the 2001 hijacking, released in 2006
# Norna Robertson

Norna Robertson (FRSE, FInstP, FRAS, FAPS) is a lead scientist at LIGO at California Institute of Technology, and professor of experimental physics at the University of Glasgow. Her career has focused on experimental research into suspension systems and instrumentation to achieve the detection of gravitational waves.

## Education

Robertson obtained a Ph.D. in experimental physics in 1981 from the University of Glasgow, researching gravitational wave detection and how seismic noise could be suppressed in sensitive measurements.

## Research and career

Robertson began her postdoctoral career as a researcher at Imperial College London studying infrared astronomy. In 1983, she joined the University of Glasgow as a lecturer and returned to gravitational waves research, becoming a Professor in 1999.
In 2003, Robertson moved to the Gintzon Laboratory at Stanford University as a visiting professor, where her work focused on suspension systems for Advanced LIGO. She became a lead scientist at the LIGO at California Institute of Technology in 2007, leading an international team of 20 scientists and engineers. Her research contributed to the design of detection instrumentation that ultimately led to the first observation of gravitational waves in 2015. Her work is now focused on the development of ultra-low noise suspensions systems for Advanced LIGO.

## Awards and honours

Robertson was awarded the President's Medal from the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2016 for her work on suspension systems for gravitational wave detection. She received the California Institute of Technology Staff Service and Impact Award in 2017.
She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the American Physical Society, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Institute of Physics, and the International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation.
# Agramonte (Jagüey Grande)

Agramonte is a Cuban village and consejo popular of the municipality of Jagüey Grande, Matanzas Province. With a population of 10,502, it is the most populated village in the municipality after Jagüey.

## History

Founded in 1859 with the name of Cuevitas, it was renamed after Ignacio Agramonte, a Cuban revolutionary and patriot during the Ten Years' War (1868-1878). Until the 1976 reform, Agramonte was an autonomous municipality that extended in the northern area of the municipal territory of Jagüey Grande.

## Geography

Agramonte is located in the middle of an agricultural plain, between Perico and Jagüey Grande (both 17 km far). It is 20 km far from Jovellanos, 25 from Colón, 28 from Pedro Betancourt, 38 from Calimete, and 72 from Matanzas.

## Transport

The village is crossed in the middle by the Highway 3–222 from Jagüey Grade to Perico, and is 20 km in the north of A1 motorway. It counts a railway station on the Havana-Güines-Aguada-Cienfuegos line that is also served by a regional service from Matanzas.