OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Statistical semantics

Semantics :
LinguisticLogical :
Semantics of programming languages :
Language
Linguistics :
vte :
In linguistics, statistical semantics applies the methods of statistics to the problem of determining the meaning of words or phrases, ideally through unsupervised learning, to a degree of precision at least sufficient for the purpose of information retrieval.

## History

The term statistical semantics was first used by Warren Weaver in his well-known paper on machine translation. He argued that word sense disambiguation for machine translation should be based on the co-occurrence frequency of the context words near a given target word. The underlying assumption that "a word is characterized by the company it keeps" was advocated by J.R. Firth. This assumption is known in linguistics as the distributional hypothesis. Emile Delavenay defined statistical semantics as the "statistical study of the meanings of words and their frequency and order of recurrence". "Furnas et al. 1983" is frequently cited as a foundational contribution to statistical semantics. An early success in the field was latent semantic analysis.

## Applications

Research in statistical semantics has resulted in a wide variety of algorithms that use the distributional hypothesis to discover many aspects of semantics, by applying statistical techniques to large corpora:
* Measuring the similarity in word meanings
* Measuring the similarity in word relations
* Modeling similarity-based generalization
* Discovering words with a given relation
* Classifying relations between words
* Extracting keywords from documents
* Measuring the cohesiveness of text
* Discovering the different senses of words
* Distinguishing the different senses of words
* Subcognitive aspects of words
* Distinguishing praise from criticism

## Related fields

Statistical semantics focuses on the meanings of common words and the relations between common words, unlike text mining, which tends to focus on whole documents, document collections, or named entities (names of people, places, and organizations). Statistical semantics is a subfield of computational semantics, which is in turn a subfield of computational linguistics and natural language processing.
Many of the applications of statistical semantics (listed above) can also be addressed by lexicon-based algorithms, instead of the corpus-based algorithms of statistical semantics. One advantage of corpus-based algorithms is that they are typically not as labour-intensive as lexicon-based algorithms. Another advantage is that they are usually easier to adapt to new languages or noisier new text types from e.g. social media than lexicon-based algorithms are. However, the best performance on an application is often achieved by combining the two approaches.
# Tomás González (Spanish footballer)

Tomás González Rivera (born 3 March 1963), also known mononymously as Tomás, is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder. He played 243 La Liga games and scored 18 goals, for Oviedo, Valencia and Racing Santander. Earlier in his career he recorded figures of 181 games and 25 goals in the Segunda División for Atlético Madrileño and Oviedo.

## Career
### Atlético Madrid

Born in Madrid, Tomás came through the youth ranks of Atlético Madrid. He played for the C-team in the Tercera División before making his reserve team debut in the Segunda División on 30 January 1983 in a 1–1 home draw with Castilla, their equivalents from Real Madrid. In his third game on 13 February he scored his first goal in a 3–0 home win over Sabadell, adding another a week later to gain a 2–1 win at Rayo Vallecano also in the capital city; at this time he was known as Tomás II to differentiate himself from Tomás Reñones who was also known by his first name.

### Real Oviedo

In July 1985, Tomás was loaned to Real Oviedo also in the second tier, having impressed their manager José Luis Romero in the four games that he played against the Asturian club the previous season. The following February, he publicly attacked Atlético manager Luis Aragonés for not fielding him or Antonio Cuevas in the first team.
On 24 January 1988, Tomás scored his only goal of Oviedo's promotion-winning season, a long-range strike in the 47th second of a 3–0 home win over Lleida, in which he was later sent off. He played both legs of the playoff win over Mallorca.
The 1988–89 season was Tomás's first in La Liga and he scored 7 goals in 36 games, including in an away draw and 5–2 home win over Atlético. The latter, which beat Abel Resino from near the halfway line, was likened by Mundo Deportivo to one attempted by Pelé.

### Later career

In July 1989, Tomás, who had never suffered a serious injury by the age of 26, signed a four-year contract at Valencia. The transfer fee was estimated as 40 million Spanish pesetas.
Tomás stayed at the Mestalla Stadium until May 1994, when he transferred to Racing Santander. His only goal of his first season at the Cantabrian club was scored on 8 January in a 3–2 home win over his previous employer.
# Yury Vyarheychyk

Yury Vyarheychyk (Belarusian: Юры Вяргейчык; Russian: Юрий Вергейчик; born 5 March 1968) is a Belarusian professional football coach and a former player. He is the father of Kiryl Vyarheychyk.

## Honours
### Player career

Dinamo-93 Minsk
* Belarusian Cup winner: 1994–95

### Coach career

Shakhtyor Soligorsk
* Belarusian Premier League champion: 2005
* Belarusian Cup winner: 2003–04
# Antonín Fantiš

Antonín Fantiš (born 15 April 1992) is a Czech professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga II club Voluntari.

## Honours

Jablonec
* Czech Cup runner-up: 2014–15
Fastav Zlín
* Czech Cup: 2016–17
Czech Republic U19
* UEFA European Under-19 Championship runner-up: 2011
# Dick Davis (politician)

Richard Joseph Davis Jr. (August 7, 1921 – March 4, 1999) was an American politician who was the 34th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 1982 to 1986 serving under Governor Chuck Robb. A former mayor of Portsmouth, Virginia, Davis' 1981 election as Lieutenant Governor saw him win 8 of the 10 Congressional Districts composing Virginia in 1981; his statewide margin of victory over Republican state senator Nathan H. Miller was 150,000 votes. In 1982, Davis ran for the United States Senate, but lost to Republican candidate Paul S. Trible Jr.
Davis was the first Catholic elected to a statewide office in Virginia history. Davis would remain the only statewide Catholic elected in Virginia history until the 2001 Virginia General Elections, when Tim Kaine was elected lieutenant governor, the same office Davis once held. Four years later, in the 2005 Virginia General elections, history was made again when Kaine won the governor's race and Bob McDonnell won the attorney general's race. The elections of Kaine and McDonnell created a new record in Virginia history at that time: two Catholics elected to statewide offices.
While Lieutenant Governor, Davis served in the executive branch with two fellow Democrats: Attorney General Gerald Baliles, who would be elected governor in 1985; and Governor Chuck Robb, who had preceded Davis as lieutenant governor.
Davis owned the Tidewater Sharks in the Southern Hockey League from 1975 to 1977.
# Gregory Beecroft

Gregory Beecroft is an American actor known for roles on several soap operas in the 1970s and 1980s. He is the oldest of five children. After his parents divorced when Greg was twelve years old, he and his siblings split their time between Dallas, Texas, where their mother had taken a job, and Warwick, Rhode Island, where their father lived. He studied drama at the University of New Hampshire, but left before graduating.
In 1981, he landed the part of Tony Reardon on Guiding Light. He stayed at Guiding Light from 1981 to 1985. Afterwards, he landed the role of Brock Lombard on As the World Turns (1988–1989). He also played the role of Duke Lavery on General Hospital (1989–1990).
Beecroft has several siblings, including actor David Beecroft. David also auditioned for the role of Tony Reardon.
He now lives in the Dallas area.
# Petar Stefanov

Petar Ivanov Stefanov (Петър Иванов Стефанов, born (1966-06-22)22 June 1966) is a Bulgarian male former weightlifter, who competed in the first heavyweight class and represented Bulgaria at international competitions. He won the gold medal at the 1989 World Weightlifting Championships in the 100 kg category. He participated at the 1992 Summer Olympics in the 100 kg event. He won the gold medal at the 1989 European Championships in the Sub-Heavyweight class (415.0 kg) and the bronze medal at the 1991 European Championships in the Sub-Heavyweight class (372.5 kg).
# Alexander Berg

Alexander C. Berg is an Associate Professor in computer science at UC Irvine. Before that he was an Assistant and Associate Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He specializes in web mining as well as machine learning and computer vision.
He obtained his master's and bachelor's degrees from Johns Hopkins University in 1994 and then got his PhD at University of California, Berkeley in 2005 under Jitendra Malik. He stayed at Berkeley as a postdoc from 2006 to 2007, and in February 2007 he became both research scientist and visiting professor at the same place and then became Yahoo! Researcher at Yahoo! where he worked till May 2008.
As a Yahoo! Researcher, Berg teamed up with Subhransu Maji and Jitendra Malik of University of California, Berkeley to develop kernelized SVMs. In October 2011 he and colleagues developed two kinds of face recognition software called FaceTracer and PubFig.
Berg is married to fellow computer vision researcher Tamara Berg.
# Rejsztokiemie

Rejsztokiemie (; Lithuanian: Raistiniai) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puńsk, within Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Puńsk, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Sejny, and 121 km (75 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.
From 1975-1998 the village was administratively governed by the Suwałki Voivodeship.

## History

The noble village of the Grodno economy was located at the end of the 18th century in the Grodno district of the Trakai Voivodeship.
In 1888 the population of the village was numbered at 276 people with 37 houses.
# Central District (Ramshir County)

The Central District of Ramshir County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان رامشیر) is in Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Ramshir.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population wasAt the National Census in 2006, its population was 36,022 in 6,530 households. The following census in 2011 counted 34,322 people in 7,825 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 37,576 inhabitants in 9,831 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Ramshir County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Abdoliyeh-ye Gharbi RD | 4,205 | 4,356 | 4,707 |
| Abdoliyeh-ye Sharqi RD | 7,035 | 6,958 | 7,860 |
| Ramshir (city) | 24,782 | 23,008 | 25,009 |
| Total | 36,022 | 34,322 | 37,576 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Paul Struck

Paul Friedrich Struck (6 December 1776 – 14 May 1820) was a German-Austrian classical composer.

## Biography

Struck was born in Stralsund, and began studying music in Berlin in 1792. In later years he studied with Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and then with Joseph Haydn in Vienna. In 1802 he settled in Vienna as a piano teacher. He later moved to Bratislava where he lived from 1817 until his death in 1820.

## Selected works
### Vocal music

* "Mother's Birthday Party", (Vienna, 1797)
* "Cantate for Her Royal Majesty the Queen" for soprano and orchestra (1801)
* "Mourning Cantata on the Death of His Child" op. 16 (Vienna, 1817)
* 6 songs for soprano, alto tenor, bass

### Instrumental Music

* Quatuor pour Clarinette, Violon (ou deux Violons), Alto & Violoncelle op. 12, Louis Maisch, Vienna, no date
* Sonata pour le Clavecin ou Piano-Forte avec accompagnement de Violon et Violoncelle op. 1 No. 1, op. 1 No. 2, op. 1 No. 3
* Trois Sonates pour le Clavecin ou Piano-Forte avec accompagnement de Flûte ou Violon et Violoncelle obl. Composées et dediées à Madame CE Struck par son fils Struck. Elève de J. Haydn. Op. 4. Jean André, Offenbach s / M., Undated
* Grand Duo op.7 (Sonata) pour le Pianoforte et Clarinette ou Violino, 1804, Vienna.
* Trois Sonates pour le Clavecin ou Piano-Forte avec accompagnement de Violon et Violoncelle composées et dédiées à Mr Joseph Haydn, Maitre de Chapelle de SA Monseigneur le Prince Esterhazy, par son Elève Paul Struck. Jean André, Offenbach, 1797.
* String Quartet op. 2
* Grand Trio pour le Piano-Forte, Violon et Violoncelle composee et dedie a Madame la Comtesse de Thürheim op. 3. Jean André, Offenbach s / M, no year
* Eight German dances for the pianoforte op. 13. Johann Traeg, Vienna, undated
* Three of his four symphonies are considered lost, only the 4th symphony op.10 was published by Offenbach publisher Johann Anton André.

## Literature

* Constantin von Wurzbach : Struck, Paul . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . Part 40 Imperial royal court and state printing works, Vienna 1880, p. 104 (digitized).
* Joachim Lorenz Struck u. Ferdinand Struck: Stralsund Symphony. The life picture of the Stralsund composer Paul Struck . Elmenhorst / Vorpommern: Edition Pommern 2015, ISBN 978-3-939680-24-6
# Mount Kokshe

Mount Kokshe, also known as Kokshetau or Kokshe-Tau (Kazakh: Көкше-тау; pronounced, Russian: Кокше-тау, гора́ Синю́ха, Gora Sinyukha, lit. 'blueish mountain') is a mountain in the Kokshetau Massif, Akmola Region, northern Kazakhstan. It is the highest mountain in Akmola Region and the second highest mountain in the northern part of Kazakhstan.
The mountain is part of the Burabay National Park and is a popular destination, attracting tourists and climbers. It has several walking and scrambling routes leading to its summit and, as such, many walking guides recommend it to the occasional walker wishing to climb a mountain. The nearest city is Shchuchinsk, 25 km (16 mi) away.

## Names and etymology

The mountain's official name in Kazakh is Kokshetau or Kokshe-Tau, Kokshe is derived from the common Kazakh word for "blueish", tau, meaning "mountain", thus kokshe + tau meaning "Blueish mountain"; its Russian name is Gora Sinyukha meaning the same. Both names hint at the bluish tint of the mountains when viewed from a distance.

## Geography

With an elevation of 947 metres (3,107 ft) above sea level and a prominence of 592 m (1,942 ft), the peak is the highest point of the Kokshetau Massif, as well as the highest peak of the Kokshetau Hills. It is located near lake Kishi Shabakty, west of Lake Burabay, dominating the skyline of the lake area.
Mount Kokshe has an absolute elevation of 947 m. It is situated in the Kazakh Uplands and is the second-highest mountain in the northern part of Kazakhstan, after Mount Akbet (at 1,022 metres (3,353 ft)) which is located in the Bayanaul Range, Pavlodar Region. The relief of the mountain area is spurry-ridgy with narrow rocky watersheds. The mountain slopes are covered with pine and pine-birch forests.
# Dhaka East–West Elevated Expressway

Dhaka East–West Elevated Expressway (Bengali: ঢাকা পূর্ব-পশ্চিম উড়াল মহাসড়ক) is an under-construction elevated expressway project in Bangladesh. It is the third elevated expressway in Dhaka and forth elevated in Bangladesh. The expressway will connect Dhaka-Banlabandha highway and Dhaka-Kuakata highway to Dhaka–Teknaf highway.
The expressway will start at Baliapur of Savar upazila from Dhaka-Banglabandha highway and end at Langalband of Sonargaon Upazila in Dhaka-Teknaf highway. The expressway will financed on a public-private partnership basis through the prime minister of Bangladesh. The estimated cost of building this expressway is US$1263 million.
# Guadalupe Arizpe de la Vega

Guadalupe Arizpe De La Vega is a Mexican humanitarian who founded the Federación Mexicana de Asociaciones y Empresas Privadas (FEMAP), which supports a network of clinics, hospitals, and nursing schools in the North of Mexico, based in Ciudad Juárez. She is a proponent of women's right to access birth control and health care. De La Vega and her late husband, border billionaire, Federico De La Vega, are greatly revered for their impact on the region through their philanthropic efforts focused on propelling education, healthcare, and sports.

## Biography

De la Vega had been volunteering for the Red Cross since she was eight. In the 1960s, she raised money for the Mexican Red Cross. De la Vega began working with women on family planning after reading about a poor mother of nine who, when pregnant again, "tried to kill her fetus by stabbing herself in the stomach." De la Vega visited her in prison and was shocked to find out that this woman did not know anything about family planning or birth control. She helped her obtain legal counsel and she began educating other women in Mexico. In 1973, she began working with women in Juárez, and helped them gain access to family planning and a maternity clinic. De la Vega became a member of the El Paso Planned Parenthood Board.
De la Vega founded Federación Mexicana de Asociaciones y Empresas Privadas (FEMAP or Federation of Private Family Planning Associations) and worked as the director of the network of health clinics in Mexico. These clinics increased the number of Mexican women using birth control from 50,000 women in 1982 to 360,000 women using birth control methods in 1987.
De la Vega was named a CNN Hero in 2010. When Juárez became the "murder capital of the world" during the Mexican Drug Wars, De la Vega continued visiting her hospital in the city several times a week. She and her family had recently moved to El Paso because her family was threatened. Vega was awarded the Woodrow Wilson Award in 2013 from the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
# Kuwait's Fourth Constituency

The fourth constituency of Kuwait is a legislative constituency in Kuwait. Like the other four constituencies in Kuwait, it elects exactly 10 members to the National Assembly via plurality vote. As of 2022, it currently represents twenty-seven residential areas and has an electorate of 208,971. The fourth constituency includes the Jahra and Farwaniya governorates.

## Areas in Constituency Four

Constituency-4 :
| English | Arabic | Population (2011) | Notes/Landmarks |
| Abdullah Al-Mubarak | عبدالله المبارك | 61,441 | Also known as West Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh. |
| Airport District | منطقة المطار | 29 | |
| Andalus | الأندلس | 42,325 | Named after Al-Andalus, the Islamic name for Spain |
| Ardiya | العارضية | 47,928 | Known for having Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium |
| Ardiya Herafiya | العارضية حرفية | 42,173 | |
| Ishbiliya | اشبيلية | 21,848 | Named after Seville in Spain |
| Al-Dajeej | الضجيج | 99 | |
| Farwaniya | الفروانية | 136,260 | Governorate seat. |
| Ferdous | الفردوس | 52,173 | |
| Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh | جليب الشيوخ | 227,980 | |
| Khaitan | خيطان | 109,901 | |
| Omariya | العمرية | 17,373 | |
| Rabiya | الرابية | 18,620 | |
| Al-Rai | الري | 1,054 | Home to The Avenues, The world's second largest covered mall. |
| Al-Riggai | الرقعي | 24,820 | |
| Rehab | الرحاب | 15,682 | |
| Sabah Al-Nasser | صباح الناصر | 38,507 | |
| Sabah Al-Salem University | جامعة صباح السالم | | |
| West Abdullah Al-Mubarak | غرب عبدالله المبارك | | |
| South Abdullah Al-Mubarak | جنوب عبدالله المبارك | | |
| Sulaibiya Industrial 3 | الصليبية الصناعية | | |
| Abdali | العبدلي | 6,839 | |
| Al-Mutlaa | المطلاع | | |
| Kazma | كازما | | |
| Bahra | بحرة | | |
| Kabd | كبد | | |
| Al-Sheqaya | الشقايه | | |
| Al-Nahda | النهضة | 6,756 | |
| Amghara Industrial | أمغرة | 8,623 | |
| Bar Al-Jahra | بر الجهراء | 1,044 | Desert area of Jahra. |
| Jahra | الجهراء | 38,664 | Governorate seat. |
| Jahra Industrial Herafiya | الجهراء الصناعية الحرفية | 1,259 | |
| Naeem | النعيم | 13,913 | |
| Nasseem | النسيم | 18,745 | |
| Oyoun | العيون | 31,009 | |
| Qasr | القصر | 42,050 | |
| Jaber Al-Ahmad City | جابر الأحمد | | |
| Saad Al Abdullah | سعد العبدالله | 65,394 | |
| Salmi | السالمي | 1,187 | |
| Subiya | الصبية | | |
| Sulaibiya | الصليبية | 58,275 | |
| Sulaibiya Agricultural Area | الصليبية الزراعية | 6,778 | |
| Sulaibiya Residential | الصليبية السكنية | | |
| Taima | تيماء | 52,740 | |
| Waha | الواحة | 28,154 | |
| Bubiyan Island | جزيرة بوبيان | | |
| Warbah Island | جزيرة وربة | | |
# Molly Make-Believe

Molly Make-Believe is a 1916 silent film drama directed by J. Searle Dawley and starring Marguerite Clark. It was produced by Famous Players–Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is based on a 1910 novel, Molly Make-Believe by Eleanor Hallowell Abbott, which was quite popular at the time. The film is now considered lost.

## Cast

* Marguerite Clark - Molly
* Mahlon Hamilton - Carl Stanton
* Dick Gray - Bobby Meredith (*as Master Dick Gray)
* Helen Dahl - Cornelia Bartlett
* Gertrude Norman - Grandmother Meredith
* Kate Lester -
* J. W. Johnston - Sam Rogers
* Edwin Mordant - Mr. Wendell
# Anaang language

Anaang (Annang) is the native language of the Anaang people of Nigeria.
The Annang speaker of English tends to apply the grammatical rules of Annang in his use of English, often violating the intuition of native speakers of English.

## Phonology
### Consonants

Anaang consonants :
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal | Velar | Velar | Labio- velar | Uvular |
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal | plain | lab. | Labio- velar | Uvular |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | | |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | kʷ | k͡p | |
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | | ɡʷ | | |
| Fricative | Fricative | f | s | | | | | ʁ |
| Rhotic | Rhotic | | r | | | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | l | j | | | | |
* Consonants /p, b, t, d, k, k͡p, f, m, n, l, w/ may be heard as palatalized [ʲ] when occurring before /i/.
* /ʁ/ may also be heard as a trill [ʀ] when before a front vowel.
* /r/ may also be heard as a tap [ɾ].

### Vowels

Anaang vowels :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i iː | ʉ ʉː | u uː |
| Close-mid | e eː | | o oː |
| Open-mid | | | ɔ ɔː |
| Open | | a aː | |
# Roland Repiský

Roland Repiský (born 30 May 1990) is a Slovak football goalkeeper who currently plays for the Slovak Corgoň Liga club MFK Košice.
# Gangjin-eup

Gangjin-eup (Korean: 강진읍) is an administrative division of Gangjin county, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. As with much of Gangjin county, Gangjin-eup is largely agricultural and known for its rice, tomato, and persimmon harvests.
It is the county seat, with a population of roughly 16,600 people, comprising roughly 6,000 families. There are 4 elementary schools, 2 middle schools, and several high schools.
Gangjin county is known as a center for the production of Goryeo celadon, traditional Korean pottery. Gangjin county is also home to several temples, and Gangjin-eup itself holds the birthplace of Yeongrang Kim Yun-sik, a well-known Korean poet of the 1930s and 1940s.
There is a monument to 17th-century Dutch explorer Hendrick Hamel, the first westerner to experience and write about Korea's Joseon Dynasty era. Hamel and his men were shipwrecked on Jeju island, and they remained captives in Korea for 13 years. Now this city in Korea is sister cities with Snoqualmie, Washington, U.S.A.

## Places of interest

* Boeunsan, 439 metres (1,440 ft)
* Geumgoksa