OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Werden, Essen

Werden (Westphalian: Wadden) is a southern borough of the city of Essen in Germany. It belongs to the city district IX Werden/Kettwig/Bredeney and has 9,998 inhabitants as of June 30, 2006. The borough occupies a space of 4.04 km$^2$ (1.56 sq mi) and is situated at a median height of 58 m above sea level (NN).
The town is home to the Essen-Werden Campus of Folkwang University of the Arts. The Benedictine abbey in central Werden houses Folkwang’s Orchestral Performance conservatory. The jazz building is at Wesselswerth 23, and the White Mill (Weisse Mühle) at Hardenbergufer 59 houses Musical Theater courses.

## History

The history of Werden can be traced back to St. Ludger, who founded Werden Abbey at the end of the 8th century. His stone coffin is preserved in the crypt. In 1317, Werden was granted city rights. The Abbey buildings have housed the Folkwang Hochschule since 1927.
St Liudger Church [de] in Werden houses the 7th-century Essen-Werden casket.
The Codex Argenteus ("Silver Bible"), traditionally ascribed to bishop Ulfilas, was discovered in the abbey in the 16th century.
The town was merged into Essen on August 1, 1929. From 1931 to 1933, the Baldeneysee [ceb; de; eo; nl; pl; ru] was created, a large reservoir of the Ruhr.

## Traffic

The Bundesstraße 224 goes through the centre of Werden, with a high traffic load. Essen-Werden railway station provides access to the S-Bahn trains of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn's S6 line.
* Map of Essen with Werden in red
* Market place and former City Hall
* A neighbourhood bus (Quartierbus) at Essen-Werden station
# Samuel Chomba

Samuel Chomba (5 January 1964 – 27 April 1993) was a Zambian footballer who played as a defender. He was a member of the Zambia national team. He was among those killed in the crash of the team plane in Gabon in 1993.

## Career

Chomba played club football for Kabwe Warriors.
Chomba made several appearances for the Zambia national team and participated in the 1990 and 1992 African Cup of Nations finals. He also played for Zambia at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of match played 25 April 1993.
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Zambia | 1988 | 3 | 0 |
| Zambia | 1989 | 0 | 0 |
| Zambia | 1990 | 1 | 0 |
| Zambia | 1991 | 4 | 1 |
| Zambia | 1992 | 8 | 1 |
| Zambia | 1993 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 20 | 2 |
    Scores and results list Zambia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Chomba goal.
List of international goals scored by Samuel Chomba :
| No. | Date | Venue | Cap | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
| 1. | 27 November 1991 | Mbale Municipal Stadium, Mbale, Uganda | 8 | Zanzibar | 3–2 | 3–2 | 1991 CECAFA Cup | |
| 2. | 17 November 1992 | CCM Kirumba Stadium, Mwanza, Tanzania | 15 | Ethiopia | 3–2 | 3–2 | 1992 CECAFA Cup | |
# Content curation

Content curation is the process of gathering information relevant to a particular topic or area of interest, usually with the intention of adding value through the process of selecting, organizing, and looking after the items in a collection or exhibition. Services or people that implement content curation are called curators. Curation services can be used by businesses as well as end users.

## Concept

Museums and galleries have curators to select and interpret items for collection and display. There are also curators in the world of media, for instance DJs of radio stations tasked with selecting songs to be played over the air.

## Methods

Content curation can be carried out either manually or automatically or by combination of them. In the first case, it's done by specially designated curators. In the second case, it's done using one or more of the following:
* Collaborative filtering
* Semantic analysis
* Social rating

### Collaborative filtering

Collaborative filtering is a method of forecasting often used in recommendation systems. This principle is based on the axiom that evaluations made by users in the past are predictive of evaluations that they will make in the future.
Collaborative filtering can either be based on votes and views of a given social community, as it's done on Reddit and Digg, or the end user's own prior activity, as it's done on YouTube and Amazon.

### Semantic analysis

Semantic analysis examines the relationship between the various elements and sources of information found in a given document. The system compares some of the factors or all the information sources topics and terms. This method uses the principles of factor analysis to analyze relationships between the studied phenomena and objects.
This approach has been successfully implemented by services like Stumbleupon, which break up content according to topic, subtopic, and category. Trapit uses semantic analysis in combination with user feedback and AI technology to refine content selections for its users.

### Social rating

This method employs user ratings and recommendations to select content. The system finds someone with interests similar to the end user and bases its recommendations on their activity. This method of selection is widely used on social sites such as Facebook and Flipboard.
Parameters for determining the social ranking are generally based on actions such as shares, votes, likes, etc., keeping in mind the time that these activities are carried out once the content is published. The more there are such activities in a shorter time, the higher rating this content gets.
"Social curation" services like Pinterest allow users to share and discuss their curated collections of found content.
# Dödel Up

"Dödel Up" is a 2000 song by Guano Apes. It is the fourth and final single from Don't Give Me Names, released on 29 January 2001 in Germany. Originally the post-grunge-influenced "I Want It" was going to be the fourth single as there was a video, however the band scrapped the video and chose to do "Dödel Up" instead. The music video for the single was a complete departure from the previous Apes music videos, as the video was purely animated, but blended with live footage. The video shows the band portrayed as half bodied pencil holders.

## Track listing
### CD single

* Dödel Up (Single Edit) - 3:23
* Cuts - 3:34
* Candy Love - 3:33
* Dödel Up (Kuklicz Mix) - 4:16
* Dödel Up (Album Version) - 3:38
* Multimedia Part (CD-ROM only, contains video for title track, sketches for video, early acoustic live version and weblinks)

### Promo single

* Dödel Up (Album Version) - 3:37
* Dödel Up (U.S. Mix) - 3:36

### Airplay single

* Dödel Up (Single Edit) - 3:23
* Dödel Up (Album Version) - 3:38

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| Germany (Media Control Charts) | 57 |
# Riding the Rap

Riding the Rap is a 1995 crime fiction novel by Elmore Leonard. It is the sequel to Leonard's Pronto, released in 1993.

## Synopsis

Like Pronto, Riding the Rap centers around Harry Arno, World War II veteran and bookie, now 67 years old. The book also features a reappearance of Joyce Patton, Harry's ex-girlfriend and a former stripper, and her new boyfriend Raylan Givens, an always-gets-his-man old western type law enforcer. Givens later comes to Harry's aid when he discovers the plot set up by Chip Ganz, Bobby Deo and Louis Lewis. Ganz, who is $16,500 in debt, hatches a plan to steal the millions that Harry has skimmed from the mafia over the years from a Swiss bank account by taking him hostage and forcing the money out of him. It's up to Raylan Givens to find Harry Arno before it's too late.

## Connections

This story formed the basis of the third episode of the first season of the FX television show Justified, called "Fixer".
# Kwetiau ayam

Kwetiau ayam, kuetiau ayam or sometimes kwetiau ayam kuah (Indonesian for 'chicken kway teow') is a common Chinese Indonesian dish of seasoned flat rice noodles topped with diced chicken meat (ayam). It is often described as a kwetiau version of the popular mie ayam (chicken noodles), and especially common in Indonesia, and can trace its origin to Chinese cuisine.
In Indonesia, the dish is recognized as a popular Chinese Indonesian dish together with bakso meatballs and mie ayam, served from simple humble street-side warung to restaurants. Since the recipe is almost identical to the popular mie ayam, food stalls and restaurants that serving mie ayam usually also offering kwetiau ayam and bihun ayam.

## Preparation and serving

The kwetiau flat rice noodles is boiled in water until it achieves an al dente texture and mixed in a bowl with cooking oil, soy sauce and garlic. The oil coats the noodle in order to separate the threads. The oil can be chicken fat, lard, or vegetable oil. The chicken meat is diced and cooked in soy sauce and other seasonings including garlic. The chicken meat might also be cooked with jamur (mushrooms).
The soy sauce seasoned chicken and mushroom mixture is placed on the flat rice noodles, and topped with chopped spring onions (green shallots). Kwetiau ayam is usually served with a separate chicken broth, boiled chinese cabbage, and often wonton (Indonesian: pangsit) either dry crispy fried or moist soft in soup, and also bakso (meatballs). While Chinese variants might use pork fat or lard, the more common Indonesian kwetiau ayam uses halal chicken fat or vegetable oil to cater to Muslim customers.
Additional condiments might include tong cay (salted preserved vegetables), bawang goreng (fried shallots), daun bawang (leek), pangsit goreng (fried wonton), acar timun cabe rawit (pickled cucumber and birds eye chilli), sambal chili sauce and tomato ketchup.

## Variants

The dish recipe is actually almost identical to the popular mie ayam that uses yellow wheat noodles instead. Thus variants might use almost exact recipe and ingredients while replacing the type of noodles; either common mi wheat noodles or bihun (rice vermicelli).
Although kwetiau ayam sometimes also called as kwetiau ayam kuah or kwetiau kuah (soupy kway teow), the recipe is actually rather different. Kwetiau ayam chicken broth soup is usually served in a separate bowl, while kwetiau kuah noodle is cooked and served in rich soup together in a single bowl, more akin to mie kuah. Another similar variant including Kwetiau siram sapi (poured beef kway teow).
# Liar, Liar (The Castaways song)

"Liar, Liar" is a song written by Jim Donna and Dennis Craswell. It was originally recorded by American garage rock band the Castaways in 1965. It Reached number 12 on the Billboard hot 100 and number 1 locally.

## History

"Liar, Liar" was written by Jim Donna on a napkin in his parents' house, drummer Dennis Craswell and Donna's sister Joanne helped Donna write it. It took 2 hours to write but after that it was completed. Donna and Craswell took it to the other members of The Castaways and they liked it. The song was recorded on March 2, 1965. The song was shown off to Soma Records founder and President Amos Heilicher and he liked it and signed The Castaways on a contract.
"Liar, Liar" was the first and only hit single by the Castaways. The song peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1965. The producer for the track was Timothy D. Kehr. Guitarist Robert Folschow contributed the distinctive falsetto vocal on "Liar, Liar" and Dick Roby did the scream on the song.
The Castaways performed "Liar, Liar" in the 1967 beach party film It's a Bikini World. The song also appears on the 1972 compilation album Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968. It also appeared in the movie's Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and Good Morning, Vietnam.

## Debbie Harry version

"Liar, Liar" was recorded by American singer Debbie Harry for the soundtrack to the 1988 film Married to the Mob and produced by Mike Chapman. It was their first collaboration since the 1982 Blondie album The Hunter. The following year, the two would team up again for Harry's album Def, Dumb and Blonde. A music video, co-directed by Adam Bernstein, was produced to promote the single. The song debuted and peaked at number 14 on Billboard's Modern Rock Tracks chart for the week ending September 10, 1988.

### Track listings

* 7-inch single
    A. "Liar, Liar" – 3:01
    B. "Queen of Voudou" (performed by the Voodooist Corporation) – 3:39
* 12-inch single
    A. "Liar, Liar" (extended version) – 5:45
    B1. "Liar, Liar" (7″ version) – 3:01
    B2. "Liar, Liar" (instrumental) – 4:50

## Charts

Chart performance for "Liar, Liar" (the Castaways version) :
| Chart (1965) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 12 |
Chart performance for "Liar, Liar" (Debbie Harry version) :
| Chart (1988) | Peak position |
| US Alternative Airplay (Billboard) | 14 |
# Gyfu

| Name | Proto-Germanic | Old English | Old English |
| Name | *Gebō | Gyfu | Gār |
| Name | 'gift' | 'gift' | "spear" |
| Shape | Elder Futhark | Futhorc | Futhorc |
| Unicode | ᚷ U+16B7 | ᚷ U+16B7 | ᚸ U+16B8 |
| Transliteration | g | ȝ | g |
| Transcription | g | ȝ, g | g |
| IPA | [ɣ] | [g], [ɣ], [ʎ], [j] | [g] |
| Position in rune-row | 7 | 7 | 33 |
Gyfu is the name for the g-rune ᚷ in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, meaning 'gift' or 'generosity':
| Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem: | English Translation: |
| ᚷ Gẏfu gumena bẏþ gleng and herenẏs, ƿraþu and ƿẏrþscẏpe and ƿræcna gehƿam ar and ætƿist, ðe bẏþ oþra leas. | Generosity brings credit and honour, which support one's dignity; it furnishes help and subsistence to all broken men who are devoid of aught else. |
The corresponding letter of the Gothic alphabet is 𐌲 g, called giba. The same rune also appears in the Elder Futhark, with a suggested Proto-Germanic name *gebô 'gift'. J. H. Looijenga speculates that the rune is directly derived from Latin Χ, the pronunciation of which may have been similar to Germanic g in the 1st century, e.g., Gothic *reihs compared to Latin rex (as opposed to the Etruscan alphabet, where /𐌗 had a value of [s]).
The gyfu rune is sometimes used as a symbol within modern mysticism, particularly amongst those interested in Celtic mythology. It's described, for example, in the book The Runic Tarot as a representation of the giving-receiving balance in friendships.

## Anglo-Saxon gār rune

In addition to gyfu, the Anglo-Saxon futhorc has the gār rune ⟨ᚸ⟩, named after a species of medieval spear. It is attested epigraphically on the Ruthwell Cross, and also appears in 11th-century manuscript tradition. Phonetically, gār represents the /g/ sound. It is a modification of the plain gyfu rune ᚷ.
Old English 'gār' means 'spear', but the name of the rune likely echoes the rune names ger, ear, ior: due to palatalization in Old English, the original g rune (i.e., the Gyfu rune ⟨ᚷ⟩) could express either /j/ or /g/ (see yogh). The ger unambiguously expressed /j/, and the newly introduced gar rune had the purpose of unambiguously expressing /g/.
Gār is the 33rd and final rune in the row as given in Cotton Domitian A.ix.
# Manti

Manti or Manty may refer to:

## Places

* Manti, Iowa, a defunct Mormon settlement
* Manti, Utah, a city, named for the city of Manti in the Book of Mormon
* Manti National Forest, formerly Manti Forest Reserve, in Colorado and Utah
* Manti (crater), on Mars
* City of Manti, the chief city in land of Manti, in the Book of Mormon
* Hill of Manti, near city of Zarahemla, in the Book of Mormon
* Land of Manti, most southerly land of the Nephites, in the Book of Mormon

## People

* Manti Te'o (born 1991), American football player
* Harri Mänty (born 1971), Swedish guitarist

## Other uses

* Manti (food), a dumpling originally from Central Asia and Mongolia
* Manti Utah Temple, a Mormon temple in Manti, Utah
* Manti High School, Manti, Utah
* Manti (Book of Mormon), a Nephite soldier in the Book of Mormon
* Mänti, a constructed language created by Daniel Tammet (born 1979)
* Manty, a margarine brand - see BRF S.A.
# Misa Bridge

The Misa Bridge crosses the Han River in South Korea and connects the cities of Hanam and Namyangju. It is part of the Seoul-Chuncheon Expressway.
# Harvard Graphics

Harvard Graphics was a graphics and presentation program for IBM PC compatibles. The first version, titled Harvard Presentation Graphics, was released for MS-DOS in 1986 by Software Publishing Corporation (SPC) and achieved a high market share. It was taken off the market in 2017.

## History

Harvard Graphics was one of the first desktop business application software programs that allowed users to incorporate text, information graphics, and charts into custom slideshow presentations. The original version could import data from Lotus 1-2-3 or Lotus Symphony, charts created in Symphony or PFS Graph, and ASCII text. It could export text and graphics to Computer Graphics Metafile and to pfs:Write, also manufactured by SPC. Its use of vector graphics produced mixed results on the CGA and EGA displays common at the time, but output was usually sent to a slide printer or a color plotter.
"Presentation" was dropped from the name for the second release, which came in 1987, developed by Mario Chaves, Carl Hu, Lenore Kirvay, and Dana Tom. With Harvard Graphics 2 one was able to export graphics as Encapsulated Postscript, which allows to use graphics created by the software until the present day.
Harvard Graphics 2.0 also added the ability to import the latest Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet data before generating graphics, as well as drawing and annotations for graphs. Version 3.0 was not released until 1991, offering improved editing functions, but its graphics and export capabilities were being outperformed by competitors like Aldus Persuasion and Lotus Freelance.
Harvard Graphics was used as bonus product with Windows 95 by Australian Retailer Harvey Norman.

## Demise

The market leader through the late 1980s, Harvard Graphics struggled as the market shifted to Microsoft Windows. SPC released a version for Microsoft Windows 3.0 in 1991, but its market share never approached the 70% it had previously commanded. The Windows market came to be dominated by Microsoft PowerPoint and then the bundle of PowerPoint into Microsoft Office.
In 1996, Serif purchased exclusive marketing rights to the product line of Harvard Graphics, Inc., and assumed product support responsibilities. Serif continued to market Harvard Graphics 98 for Windows and other software under the Harvard Graphics brand until mid-year 2017, when the product was taken off the market.
# BIOS Scientific Publishers

BIOS Scientific Publishers was an English publisher. The main offices were based at Milton Park near Abingdon, Oxfordshire, south of Oxford, England. The company specialised in biosciences.
Taylor & Francis acquired BIOS Scientific Publishers in 2003; the imprint closed in 2005.
# Kimon Taliadoros

Kimon Taliadoros (born 28 March 1968) is a former Australian footballer, sports commentator and businessman. He is President of Football Victoria.

## Football career

Taliadoros played over 11 seasons in the National Soccer League for South Melbourne, Marconi, Sydney Olympic, Collingwood Warriors and Parramatta Power. He also played nine times for the Australia national team.
Taliadoros was the first life member of the Australian Professional Footballers Association (formerly the "Australian Soccer Players' Association"), being elected to the Association's executive at its formation in 1993, then serving as Chief Executive 1994–95 and President 1995–98.

## Post-football career

Taliadoros focused on developing a business career upon his retirement from football in 2002. He has worked for NineMSN, Boost Juice, News.com.au, and recently Australian brokerage firm Centric Wealth.
In addition to his business activities, Taliadoros is an occasional commentator for SBS Sport and Fox Sports Australia.
# Yardie (novel)

Yardie was the debut novel of Jamaican-born British writer Victor Headley, being described as "the publishing story of 1992" when it became the first title produced by Dotun Adebayo's newly established X Press.

## Background

The novel achieved impressive sales, initially through outlets other than traditional bookshops; according to Goodreads: "Yardie is, quite simply, a literary sensation in England. Originally published by X Press, a two-man operation, the book was produced on a desktop computer and distributed through unusual channels: it was sold at clothing shops, hairdressers, and even on top of over-turned dumpsters outside of nightclubs. On word of mouth alone, Yardie has sold over twelve thousand copies." It went on to sell some 30,000 copies. Interviewed by Vastiana Belfon for the New Statesman, X Press co-founder Steve Pope said: "It was the first populist black title aimed at a black audience, and its sales success prompted W H Smith to set up black writing sections in its stores. Other booksellers soon followed."
Set largely in 1980s Hackney, the novel borrows its title from yardie, a term stemming from the slang name originally given to occupants of "government yards" — social housing projects with very basic amenities, and is based on the fictional story a young Jamaican's rise from the streets of London to the top of the drug-dealing underworld. Publishers Weekly (reviewing the Atlantic Monthly Press edition) called Yardie a "well-crafted crime story", saying: "A planned sequel may perhaps provide insight into the gangster at the center of the intriguing world Headley has created."

## Film adaptation

In 2016 it was revealed that Idris Elba was to make his directorial debut with an adaptation of Yardie. Elba confirmed: "It's actually a smaller capsule story within the story of Yardie. It's about a boy who comes from Jamaica and finds himself in London, being a naughty boy. You're going to see a muscular, dynamic and heartfelt film that means something to people. I want people to come out of the film and say 'Hmm, I feel like going to Jamaica now!' That's the idea." The film stars Aml Ameen, with Stephen Graham in a supporting role, and was released in 2018.
# Kahayan Bridge

The Kahayan Bridge is a bridge that divides the Kahayan River in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. The bridge is 640 meters long and 9 meters wide, consisting of 12 spans with a special span of 150 meters in the river shipping channel.
The bridge was first built in 1995 and completed in 2001, and was inaugurated by President Megawati Soekarnoputri on January 13 2002. The Kahayan Bridge connects the center of Palangka Raya City with Pahandut Seberang Subdistrict and penetrates Pulang Pisau Regency, Gunung Mas Regency, Kapuas Regency, South Barito, North Barito Regency, and others.
# Kenan Simambe

Kenan Simambe, also known as Kenani Simambe, (23 August 1974 – 27 April 1993) was a Zambian footballer and member of the national team. He was among those killed in the crash of the team plane in Gabon in 1993.

## Career

Simambe made his debut for Zambia during the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifying rounds, scoring a goal against Namibia on his debut on 30 January 1993.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of match played 30 January 1993.
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Zambia | 1993 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | Total | 1 | 1 |
    Scores and results list Zambia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Simambe goal.
List of international goals scored by Kenan Simambe :
| No. | Date | Venue | Cap | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
| 1. | 30 January 1993 | Independence Stadium, Lusaka, Zambia | 1 | Namibia | 4–0 | 4–0 | 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification | |