OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholicate Aramana Chapel

The Catholicate Aramana Chapel in Kottayam, Kerala, India, is the headquarters of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church and residence of the Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan.
Many previous catholicoi including Paulose II (Indian Orthodox Church) are entombed there.

## Leaders interred

* Baselios Geevarghese II
* Baselios Augen I
* Baselios Mathews I
* Baselios Paulose II

## Relics

Relics of St. Thomas
# 1921 Polish Football Championship

1921 Polish Football Championship was the 2nd edition of the Polish Football Championship (Non-League) and 1st completed season ended with the selection of a winner. The championship was decided in final tournament played among five teams (winners of the regional A-Class championship). The champions were Cracovia, who won their 1st Polish title.

## Competition modus

The final tournament started on 21 August 1921 and concluded on 30 October 1921 (spring-autumn system). The season was played as a round-robin tournament. The team at the top of the standings won the title. A total of 5 teams participated. Each team played a total of 8 matches, half at home and half away, two games against each other team. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw.

## Teams

    Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.
| Team | Location | Venue | Qualified as |
| Cracovia | Kraków | Stadion Cracovii | Kraków Regional A-Class Championship winner |
| ŁKS Łódź | Łódź | Boisko przy ulicy Srebrzyńskiej | Łódź Regional A-Class Championship winner |
| Pogoń Lwów | Lwów | Park Sportowy "Stadion za rogatką stryjską" | Lwów Regional A-Class Championship winner |
| Polonia Warsaw | Warsaw | Boisko w Parku Sobieskiego na Agrykoli | Warsaw Regional A-Class Championship winner |
| Warta Poznań | Poznań | Boisko przy placu Ciętym | Poznań Regional A-Class Championship winner |

## Final tournament table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Cracovia | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 7 | +24 | 15 |
| 2 | Polonia Warsaw | 8 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 13 | 9 | +4 | 10 |
| 3 | Warta Poznań | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 24 | −10 | 8 |
| 4 | Pogoń Lwów | 8 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 19 | 13 | +6 | 6 |
| 5 | ŁKS Łódź | 8 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 31 | −24 | 1 |

## Top goalscorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| 1 | Józef Kałuża | Cracovia | 9 |
| 2 | Wacław Kuchar | Pogoń Lwów | 8 |
| 3 | Bolesław Kotapka | Cracovia | 7 |
| 3 | Marian Einbacher | Warta Poznań | 7 |

## Medal squads

(Tournament appearances and goals listed in brackets)
* 1st Cracovia
* Goalkeepers: Stefan Popiel (6 / -4), Eugeniusz Latacz (1 / -1), Gustaw Rogalski (1 / -2).
* Defenders: Tadeusz Synowiec (8), Stanisław Mielech (1 / 3), Gustaw Nowak (1), Leon Sperling (1), Henryk Limanowski (1).
* Midfielders: Zdzisław Styczeń (8), Ludwik Gintel (8 / 4), Stanisław Cikowski (8 / 3), Stefan Fryc (8), Zygmunt Chruściński (3 / 1), Tadeusz Dąbrowski (1).
* Forwards: Józef Kałuża (8 / 9), Bolesław Kotapka (6 / 7), Adam Kogut (6 / 4).
* Manager: Imre Pozsonyi.
* 2nd Polonia Warsaw
* Goalkeepers: .
* Defenders: .
* Midfielders: .
* Forwards: .
* One own goal scored by .
* Manager: .
* 3rd Warta Poznań
* Goalkeepers: .
* Defenders: .
* Midfielders: .
* Forwards: .
* Manager: .
# Harry Stenqvist

Erik Harry Stenqvist (25 December 1893 – 9 December 1968) was a Swedish road racing cyclist. Stenqvist competed in the 175 km road race at the 1920 Summer Olympics and won an individual gold and team silver medals.
Stenqvist was born in the United States to Swedish parents and later moved to Sweden, where he won national titles in the team (1912–1915) and individual events (10 km in 1915 and 1920 and 100 km in 1920). He was selected for the 1912 Stockholm Olympic, but only as a substitute. In 1916, his amateur status was revoked by the Swedish Cycling Federation, but later restored after a successful appeal. At the 1920 Olympics Stenqvist was initially declared a bronze medalist, but then promoted to the first place after subtracting 4 minutes he had to wait at a railroad crossing.
# Gustaf Wersäll

Erik Gustaf Wersäll (14 January 1887 – 24 March 1973) was a Swedish modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics and finished in ninth place.
Wersäll was born to the Swedish Finance Minister Claës Wersäll and Charlotta Wersäll, in a family of 10 siblings. Two of his eight brothers, Claës-Axel and Ture also competed at Summer Olympics.
# Gustaf Wretman

Gustaf Wretman (10 August 1888 – 17 October 1949) was a Swedish backstroke and freestyle swimmer. He competed at the 1906 Intercalated Games and the 1908 Summer Olympics.
Wretman represented Stockholms KK and SK Neptun.
# Han-sur-Lesse

Han-sur-Lesse (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Han on Lesse'; Walloon: Han-so-Lesse) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Rochefort, located in the province of Namur, Belgium. Han-sur-Lesse was called Ham from 1139, Ham Han Sur Lesche, from 1266, Han Sur Lece from 1465 and Ham sur lez from 1528, by which time it had 14 families. The village then declined, with plague, epidemics and Franco-Spanish wars, but by 1766, there were 62 villagers. In 2021 the population was about 1,000.
The place is famous for the Grottes de Han-sur-Lesse, a cave complex carved under a hill by the river Lesse, which tourists reach via a preserved remnant of the country's vicinal tramway system. The metre gauge line opened in 1906 as a branch off the Rochefort-Han-sur-Lesse-Wellin line, which was open from 1904 to 1957. Between 1988 and 1992 the village tram terminus was moved from a loop around the church of Saint-Hubert de Han-sur-Lesse to a loop on the other side of Rue Joseph Lamotte.
The church of Saint-Hubert, in the centre of the village, was rebuilt in 1905 in a Gothic revival style by Clément Léonard and Hubert Froment.
# Conistone

Conistone is a small village in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies 3 miles (5 km) north of Grassington, 3 miles (5 km) south of Kettlewell and 12 miles (19 km) north of Skipton beside the River Wharfe, in Upper Wharfedale.

## History

Conistone is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Cunestune and belonging to Ketil. The name derives from a mix of Old Danish (Kunung) and Old English (tūn), which means King's farm or Settlement.
The village is set in characteristic limestone scenery, including Mossdale Caverns, the dry gorge of Conistone Dib and the limestone outcrop of Conistone Pie. Above the Dib the Dales Way path connects Kettlewell, to its north, and Grassington, to its south, providing distant views over Wharfedale. From the B6160 road, the Wharfe is crossed at Conistone by a stone-arch bridge, which is within easy walking distance of Kilnsey, with its Crag.
The parish church, St Mary's Church, dates from the 11th or 12th century, and is a Grade II listed building.
Conistone was historically in the large ancient parish of Burnsall, in Staincliffe Wapentake in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It became part of the civil parish of Conistone with Kilnsey in 1866, and was transferred to North Yorkshire in 1974. The population of the parish in the 2001 census was 117, rising to 124 at the 2011 census. In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council had estimated the population to be 110.
Immediately to the east of the village lies Conistone Moor and Riggs Moor. The moorland here was known for its lead mines, and also as being the furthest point in England from a road. Known by the Ordnance Survey as Pile of Stones, the point is on Riggs Moor and is found at 54°08′34″N 1°57′31″W﻿ / ﻿54.1427°N 1.9585°W﻿ / 54.1427; -1.9585﻿ (Conistone), SE03287183.
# Kwamena Turkson

Papa Kwamena Andze Turkson (born 17 January 1976) is a retired male boxer from Sweden.
Turkson competed for his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, where he was stopped in the second round of the men's heavyweight division (– 91 kg) by Cuba's defending champion and later gold medalist Félix Savón after a knock-out in the first round. He twice won a bronze medal during his amateur career at the European Championships.
# Jean Joho

Jean Joho is a French-American chef and restaurateur. He was chef and proprietor of Everest in Chicago (founded in 1986, closed 2020), Paris Club Bistro & Bar and Studio Paris in Chicago, The Eiffel Tower Restaurant in Las Vegas, and Brasserie Jo, first in Chicago, then in Boston.

## Early life and education

Born in Barr, France, Joho was already working in his aunt's restaurant kitchen, peeling vegetables in full chef uniform and hat, by age six. At age 11, he spent his summer making cheese in Marseilles. His formal training began at age 13 at L'Auberge de L'lll under master chef Paul Haeberlin. Joho honed his craft in other kitchens throughout Europe.

## Career

By age 23, Joho was the sous chef at a Michelin three-star restaurant where he commanded a 35-person staff. While studying at the Hotel Restaurant School in Strasbourg, he immersed himself in the hotel and restaurant business, as well as the arts of pastry, cheese and wine.
Joho's rise to international success began on the 40th floor of the Chicago Stock Exchange with Everest, which is now one of the world's premier dining rooms and a Relais & Chateaux property. He is a managing partner at Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises and has establishments across the country as well as partnership in several other concepts, including Chicago's Nacional 27 and M Burger.
In 2013, Chef Joho and his team at Everest were awarded four stars by Chicago Tribune journalist Phil Vettel. He was named Restaurateur of the Year for 2012 by Gayot.
In December 2020, Joho closed the Everest Restaurant. He said in an interview with the Chicago Times that he was closing the restaurant after 35 years due to the expiration of its lease.

## Written works

Jean Joho is the author of The Eiffel Tower Cookbook (Chronicle Books, 2008, ISBN 0811860477, 144 pp.). In this cookbook, he shares 50 of his signature dishes.

## Personal life

Joho resides in Chicago.

## Awards and accolades

* Restaurateur of the Year, 2012, Gayot
* Michelin star, Everest, 2012
* Everest rated 4 stars from Chicago Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times and Chicago Magazine
* Everest's wine list has been credited as the "country's best selection of Alsace wine" by USA Today, The New York Times and Saveur.
# Robert Oliver (soldier)

Robert Richard Oliver (1738–1810 or 1811) was a lieutenant colonel in the American Revolutionary War and a representative and president of the council of the Northwest Territory's first general assembly.

## Early life

Oliver was born in Boston to Irish immigrants. In 1763, he married Mary Walker of Worcester.

## Revolutionary War

He enlisted as a lieutenant of a company of Minutemen in April 1775. Oliver was promoted to captain in the 3rd Massachusetts Regiment in 1776, major in the 2nd Massachusetts in November 1777 or 3rd Massachusetts (November 1, 1777–January 1, 1783) and lieutenant colonel in the militia in 1779. Major Oliver was assigned to the 2nd Massachusetts from January 1 to November 3, 1783. He served under Colonel Rufus Putnam, and his service was applauded by Baron von Steuben. He retired in November 1783 as a brevet lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Massachusetts.
The Library of Congress possesses a number of letters from Oliver to George Washington, David Humphreys (an aide de camp to Washington), William Heath and others, as well as letters to Oliver. For example, Major Oliver and other officers of the Massachusetts Line signed a June 13, 1779, letter to George Washington regarding issues they had with how promotions were being handled.
Oliver is an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati.

## Post-war

After the war, Oliver moved to the Northwest Territory. He was appointed a justice of the peace of Washington County in 1788, and a major of the county militia the following year. He was also a judge on the Court of Common Pleas (dates unknown). He invested in the Ohio Company of Associates, purchasing two shares, and was elected its president in 1801. A May 10, 1792, proclamation granted Oliver, Rufus Putnam, Manasseh Cutler and Griffin Green 214,285 acres (86,718 ha) for "warrants ... issued for army bounty rights".
He was elected as a representative of Washington County after the formation of the first territorial legislature in 1798, also serving as the president of the council (1779–1803). He ran for the Ohio Senate as a Federalist in 1803 (the year Ohio became a state), but came in fifth. He was second in an 1807 election for Washington County commissioner.
He died in Marietta, Ohio, in 1810 or 1811.
# Behnaz Babazadeh

Behnaz Babazadeh is an Afghan-American photographer. Babazadeh immigrated to the United States from Afghanistan as a child. Her photographs of burqas made out of colorful American candies challenge the western notion that burqas are an oppressive garment.

## Biography

Babazadeh moved with her family to the United States in the mid-1990s when she was seven years old. She attended Towson University, studying digital art and design. She received her MFA in design and technology in 2012 jointly from Parsons School of Design and The New School.
Beginning in 2017 she has hosted hackathons in Kabul, Afghanistan under the organization she founded called Code93.

## Art

In 2012, Babazadeh created the multimedia series, Burqaphilia, of self portraits, videos, and installations featuring burqas made of candy.
In 2020, Babazedah created another series entitled Burqa Diaries, featuring photos of a woman wearing a traditional blue burqa doing typically American activities (filling a car with gas, getting a manicure, and visiting an art museum).
# 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games

The 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games, officially known as the II Commonwealth Youth Games, and commonly known as Bendigo 2004, an international sporting event that was held from 30 November to 3 December 2004 in the small city of Bendigo, Australia. They were the second Commonwealth Youth Games, which are held every four years. Bendigo was proposed as one of the host cities of the regional 2026 Commonwealth Games in Victoria. However, those games would be cancelled.

## Sports

The following sports were included in the 2004 Games:
* Athletics (details)
* Badminton (details)
* Bowls (details)
* Boxing (details)
* Cycling (details)
* Gymnastics (details)
* Rugby sevens (details)
* Swimming (details)
* Ten-pin bowling (details)
* Weightlifting (details)

## Medal Count

This is the full table of the medal count of the Commonwealth Youth Games 2004.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Australia (AUS) | 58 | 41 | 30 | 129 |
| 2 | England (ENG) | 31 | 29 | 26 | 86 |
| 3 | South Africa (SAF) | 20 | 18 | 18 | 56 |
| 4 | Scotland (SCO) | 12 | 17 | 23 | 52 |
| 5 | New Zealand (NZL) | 10 | 18 | 19 | 47 |
| 6 | Malaysia (MAS) | 6 | 9 | 3 | 18 |
| 7 | Singapore (SIN) | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
| 8 | India (IND) | 2 | 4 | 4 | 10 |
| 9 | Nauru (NRU) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 10 | Jersey (JEY) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 11 | Sri Lanka (SRI) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 12 | Wales (WAL) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 13 | Northern Ireland (NIR) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 14 | Samoa (SAM) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 15 | Solomon Islands (SOL) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 16 | Cook Islands (COK) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 16 | Fiji (FIJ) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 18 | Ghana (GHA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (18 entries) | Totals (18 entries) | 146 | 146 | 142 | 434 |
# Saint-Modeste

Saint-Modeste (French pronunciation:) is a municipality situated in the Rivière-du-Loup Regional County Municipality of Quebec, Canada.
# He Cihong

He Cihong (born 6 June 1975) is a Chinese former swimmer who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics and in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
At the 1994 FINA World Championships, she won the 100- and 200-meter backstroke events, setting the meet record in the women's 100 back at 1:00.16.
# Hanaotoko

Hanaotoko (花男) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Taiyō Matsumoto. It was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Weekly Big Comic Spirits from 1991 to 1992.

## Publication

Written and illustrated by Taiyō Matsumoto, Hanaotoko was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Weekly Big Comic Spirits from 1991 to 1992. Shogakukan collected its chapters in three tankōbon volumes, released from March 30 to August 29, 1992. Shogakukan re-released the series in three wideban on October 30, 1998. The series was re-released in a three-in-one volume on July 30, 2018.
# Central Election Commission (Taiwan)

The Central Election Commission (CEC; Chinese: 中央選舉委員會; pinyin: Zhōngyāng Xuǎnjǔ Wěiyuánhuì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiong-iong Soán-kí Úi-oân-hōe; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Tûng-ông Sién-kí Vî-yèn-fi) is the statutory independent agency responsible for managing local and national elections in Taiwan. It is an important agency which carries out elections and enhances the democracy in the country. It is also charged with improving the election legal system, improve the quality of service, reinforce impartiality and independence. There are also local election commissions in all counties, cities, and municipalities. It is headed by the Chairman of commissioners or Chief of Commissioners.

## Functions

The functions of the CEC includes:
* Election Announcement
* Candidate Nomination and Registration
* Lot-Drawing for determining the order of candidates
* Campaign Activities
* Public Forums
* Display and Public Releasing Voters’ Lists
* Printing Election Bulletins
* Election Day
* Electee List Announcement
* Awarding Electee Certificates

## Chairpersons

* Chiu Chuang-huan (16 July 1980 – 1 December 1981)
* Lin Yang-kang (1 December 1981 – 1 June 1984)
* Wu Po-hsiung (1 June 1984 – 22 July 1988; first term)
* Hsu Shui-teh (22 July 1988 – 1 June 1991)
* Wu Po-hsiung (1 June 1991 – 30 July 1994; second term)
* George Huang (30 July 1994 – 16 June 1995; first term)
* Huang Kun-huei (16 June 1995 – 10 June 1996)
* Lin Fong-cheng (10 June 1996 – 15 May 1997)
* Yeh Chin-fong (15 May 1997 – 5 February 1998)
* Huang Chu-wen (5 February 1998 – 17 December 1999)
* George Huang (17 December 1999 – 16 June 2004; second term)
* Chang Cheng-hsiung (16 June 2004 – 3 November 2009)
* Rai Hau-min (4 November 2009 – 12 October 2010)
* Liu I-chou (13 October 2010 – 14 November 2010) (acting)
* Chang Po-ya (15 November 2010 – 31 July 2014)
* Liu I-chou (1 August 2014 – 28 January 2015) (acting)
* Liu I-chou (29 January 2015 – 3 November 2017)
* Lin Tzu-ling (4 November 2017 – 16 November 2017) (acting)
* Chen In-chin (17 November 2017 – 3 December 2018)
* Chen Chao-chien (4 December 2018 – 24 February 2019) (acting)
* Lee Chin-yung (25 February 2019 –) (incumbent)
# Skin lightening in the Middle East

Skin lightening is a common practice in several Middle Eastern countries, particularly among women. The use of skin lightening products among Middle Eastern women has been attributed to the perceived association between light skin and beauty, as well as marriage and employment opportunities. Furthermore, the portrayal of light skin as the beauty ideal in popular media has contributed to the use of skin lightening products among Middle Eastern women.

## History

Palestinian scholar Sonia Nimr has stated that the preference for lighter skin can be found in old Arabic and pre-Islamic poetry, stating:
   For centuries there’s been an image that if you’re pale or whiter, it means you’re a lady. You don’t have to go out of the tent to do hard work.

## By country
### Jordan

In a 2010 study conducted among 318 Jordanian women at selected pharmacy stores, 60.7% of the women reported using skin lightening products at some point in their lives.

### Palestine

In 2009, a correspondent from The Christian Science Monitor investigated the use of skin lightening products among women in the city of Ramallah, by interviewing users of skin lightening products, as well as businesses which sold these products.
When interviewed, an employee at a beauty salon expressed the following sentiment:
   Palestinians believe that white skin is beautiful. In the West, they sunbathe to get darker skin, but here, people like to lighten their skin and they hide from the sun at all costs.
A 2023 study found that Palestinian women from urban areas and those with a bachelor's degree were more likely to use skin lightening products.

### Saudi Arabia

Skin lightening is prevalent among Saudi women, as indicated by several studies.
A 2019 study conducted among 760 Saudi female students found that 56.2% of the participants had used skin lightening products at some point in their lives. Women with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to use skin lightening products.
In another 2019 study, 605 Saudi women were asked about their use of skin lightening products. 63.1% of the participants reported using skin lightening products at some point in their lives.

## Media

The portrayal of light skin as the beauty ideal in Middle Eastern popular media has contributed to the use of skin lightening products among Middle Eastern women. An investigation by a correspondent from The Christian Science Monitor conducted in the Palestinian city of Ramallah found that Lebanese singers with European features, including Haifa Wehbe and Nancy Ajram are widely considered beauty icons. Furthermore, Sudanese-born writer Nesrine Malik stated
   Lebanese standards of beauty and complexion have taken the Arab world by storm since the resurgence of the Lebanese in media ... further limiting the accepted definition of beauty as light-skinned, catty-eyed and slim-nosed.
# 2016 Transnistrian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Transnistria on 11 December 2016. The result was a victory for Supreme Council Speaker, Vadim Krasnoselsky, who defeated incumbent President Yevgeny Shevchuk. There were allegations of significant electoral fraud on behalf of Krasnoselsky, which might have determined who won the election.

## Candidates

Seven candidates registered to contest the elections. However, former Interior Minister Gennady Kuzmichev [ru] later withdrew his candidacy.
| Candidate | Party | Public office experience |
| Alexander Deli [ru] | Independent | Prosecutor of Transnistria (2012–2016) Minister of Justice (2012) |
| Vladimir Grigoryev | Independent | None |
| Oleg Khorzhan | Communist | Member of the Supreme Council (2010–2018) |
| Vadim Krasnoselsky | Independent | Speaker of the Supreme Council (2015–2016) Member of the Supreme Council (2015–2016) Minister of the Interior (2007–2012) |
| Gennady Kuzmichev [ru] | Independent | Minister of the Interior (2013–2015) |
| Yevgeny Shevchuk | Independent | President of Transnistria (2011–2016) Speaker of the Supreme Council (2005–2009) Member of the Supreme Council (2000–2011) |
| Irina Vasilaki | Independent | None |

## Opinion polls

In the last opinion poll before the election, made public on 23 November, 53% of those polled indicated a preference for Evgeniy Vasilyevich Shevchuk, 30% for Vadim Nikolaevich Krasnoselsky, 6% against everyone, 5% for Oleg Olegovich Khorzhan, 3% for Gennady Yuryevich Kuzmichev, 1% for Alexander Fedorovich Deli, 0.9% for Irina Nikolaevna Vasilaki and 0.4% for Vladimir Anatolyevich Grigoriev.

## Results

| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| | Vadim Krasnoselsky | Independent | 157,410 | 63.52 |
| | Yevgeny Shevchuk | Independent | 69,179 | 27.92 |
| | Oleg Khorzhan | Transnistrian Communist Party | 8,012 | 3.23 |
| | Vladimir Grigoryev | Independent | 1,698 | 0.69 |
| | Irina Vasilaki | Independent | 1,526 | 0.62 |
| | Alexander Deli | Independent | 1,379 | 0.56 |
| Against all | Against all | Against all | 8,593 | 3.47 |
| Total | Total | Total | 247,797 | 100.00 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | Valid votes | 247,797 | 98.08 |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 4,862 | 1.92 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 252,659 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | | 60.1 |
| Source: CIK |||||