# European University Institute

The European University Institute (EUI) is an international postgraduate and post-doctoral research-intensive university and an intergovernmental organisation with juridical personality, established by its founding member states to contribute to cultural and scientific development in the social sciences, in a European perspective. Its main campus is located in the hills above Florence in Fiesole, Italy.
The EUI is funded by its 23 Contracting States, the European Union (Erasmus+), and its own revenue, drawn from competitive research funding, partnerships with public and private actors, and executive education.
One of the flagships of the EUI is its doctoral programmes. Each year, it welcomes approximately 130 new PhD researchers at its departments of Economics, History, Law, and Political and Social Sciences. It also offers a selection of master’s programmes and executive education courses. The international student and early-stage researcher body is composed of approximately 1000 scholars representing over 100 countries.
Since 1993, the Institute has been home to the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSC), which focuses on the critical issues facing Europe, fostering problem-centred research and serving as a bridge between academia and policymaking. In 2017, the EUI established the Florence School of Transnational Governance (STG) with its graduate, fellowship, and executive education programmes.
The European University Institute is a member of The European University of Social Sciences, or CIVICA.

## History and member states

The European University Institute (EUI) was founded in 1972 by the member states of the European Community.
The EUI finds its origins in the advocacy for a European institute at the 1948 Hague Conference and the European Conference on Culture the following year in Lausanne. At the 1955 Messina Conference, when the members of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) gathered to assess that organisation's progress, the German secretary of state, Walter Hallstein, called for the establishment of a training centre for nuclear sciences.
The idea remained largely dormant until 1969 when European leaders met in The Hague and resolved to fund a European University Institute (EUI) in Florence. By this point the idea had evolved from a centre for nuclear sciences to one focused on the human sciences, promoting a cultural exchange between member states.
Plans were put into motion with conferences in Florence and Rome in 1970 and 1971, when it was decided that the institute would be reserved for post-graduate studies and not directly a Community institution.
The six member states – Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands – signed a convention in 1972 establishing the EUI as a pillar for research and development. The EUI Convention entered into force in 1975, and the institute opened its doors to its first 70 researchers in 1976. Its mission, laid down in the 1970s, is to "foster the advancement of learning in fields which are of particular interest for the development of Europe".
Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined the European Community in 1973, and subsequently acceded to the convention establishing the EUI. In 1992, a new convention revising the 1972 convention establishing the EUI was signed by the then 12 Community member states. It entered into force in 2007 when the last contracting state ratified the convention.
EUI contracting states must be European Union member states. As of December 2023, contracting states include all EU member states except Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Lithuania.

## Academic Departments
### Department of Economics

The EUI Department of Economics provides PhD researchers and MRes students with formal course-based training at the level needed to pursue successful academic or professional careers in leading universities or other research-oriented organisations.

### Department of History

The Department of History offers a programme of transnational and comparative European history supported by an international and multicultural faculty.
The Department’s research focuses primarily on the history of Europe within a global context from the late medieval period to the present. The Department takes a broad approach to the study of history that includes social and economic analysis, as well as the history of cultural, scientific, and intellectual developments, researching the tensions, contradictions, continuities, and sharp breaks that characterise both Europe’s past and the study of that past, with a view to shedding light on present questions and chart possible futures.
The Department of History also offers an annual summer school, exploring the theme of Global and Transnational History.

### Department of Law

The EUI Department of Law aims to contribute to the development of the cultural and scientific heritage of Europe. It offers a fully funded PhD programme and an LLM. Through the ASPIRE programme, the Department extends its reach to researchers from developing countries and emerging economies, offering them the chance to pursue a funded PhD in Law at the European University Institute.
Researchers study the challenges facing European law, public law and private law, international law, and economic law with PhD opportunities across social, cultural, political, and economic topics. Researchers gain experience in presenting their work and are encouraged to participate in conferences, workshops, and the Department's numerous working groups.
The Academy of European Law (AEL) further enriches the Department's offerings, providing advanced summer courses in Human Rights Law and EU Law. Additionally, the AEL hosts the Secretariat of the European Society of International Law (ESIL) and runs a publications programme.

### Department of Political and Social Sciences

The research programme of the EUI Department of Political and Social Sciences (SPS) places emphasis on political and social change within Europe at the national, sub-national, and transnational level. The research interests of the Department range across the four sub-disciplines of comparative politics, sociology, international relations, and social and political theory.

### Florence School of Transnational Governance

The Florence School of Transnational Governance (STG) was launched in 2017 to improve global public policy for the common good. Located in Palazzo Buontalenti in the heart of Florence, the STG is a hub for exchanges bringing together academia, civil society, policymaking, business, NGOs, the media, and more.
The STG’s work builds on four pillars: the Master in Transnational Governance, executive education and the EUI Global Executive Master, fellowships (a Young African Leaders Programme funded by the European Commission Directorate-General for International Partnerships and a Policy Leaders Fellowships), and events.
Six flagship STG programmes interact closely with these four pillars: the European Digital Media Observatory, the European Media and Information fund, STG Climate, the Chair in Artificial Intelligence and Democracy, the Transnational Democracy Programme, and the Open to Health training network.
Commitment against disinformation
The STG contributes to the fight against disinformation as coordinator of the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO) and the European Media and Information Fund (EMIF).
EDMO brings together fact-checkers, scholars, media, online platforms, and media literacy practitioners to tackle disinformation.
EMIF provides competitive grants to researchers, fact-checkers, not-for-profits and other public interest-oriented organisations working on disinformation research and strengthening media literacy and fact-checking.

## Centres and Programmes
### The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies

The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies was launched by the European University Institute in 1993 with the aim to create an interdisciplinary and policy-oriented research centre. It is named in honour of Robert Schuman, one of the founding fathers of the EU. The first director of the newly established Centre was Yves Mény (1993–2001), followed by Helen Wallace (2001-2006), Stefano Bartolini (2006–2013), Brigid Laffan (2013–2021), and Erik Jones (2021–present). The initial set up was modest, but over the years the centre has grown into a large research centre with over 300 people, pursuing interdisciplinary research into the political challenges facing Europe and the EU today and bringing together academics and practitioners, in both policy dialogues and executive training. The centre's mission is to "contribute to research on the major issues facing contemporary European society, including questions associated with the construction of Europe." The Robert Schuman Centre has several main programmes and chairs.

#### Global Governance Programme

The Global Governance Programme (GGP) is a large framework for several strands of research covering, international trade, development, climate change, citizenship, security cooperation, and regional integration. It hosts a series of events, including high level conferences, such as the World Trade Forum, and policy seminars.

#### Florence School of Regulation (FSR)

The Florence School of Regulation (FSR) is a centre of excellence for independent research, training, and policy dialogue. It was founded in 2004 as a partnership between the EUI's Robert Schuman Centre, the Council of the European Energy Regulators (CEER) and the Independent Regulators Group (IRG). The school also works closely with the European Commission. The FSR organises policy events dealing with regulatory issues, provides academic training for practitioners, produces regulation research, and promotes networking and the exchange of ideas in the areas of energy and climate, transport, and water and waste.

#### European Governance and Politics Programme (EGPP)

The European Governance and Politics Programme (EGPP) is an international hub of theoretical and empirical academic research on Europe's politics and governance. The programme is committed to combining solid theoretical foundations to analyse the interaction between European integration and national politics with analysis based on data collection. Launched in 2018, it was established as the successor programme to the European Union Democracy Observatory (EUDO), active between 2006 and 2016. In 2020, Daniele Caramani took over the directorship of the programme from Brigid Laffan, who was founding director from 2018 until 2020.

#### Migration Policy Centre (MPC)

The Migration Policy Centre (MPC) was founded in January 2012 and conducts policy-oriented research on global migration, asylum, and mobility. It serves governance needs at European and global levels, from developing, implementing, and monitoring migration-related policies to assessing their impact on the wider economy and society.

#### Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF)

The Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) was set up to raise awareness of media diversity and freedom issues in Europe. Co-financed by the European Union, it is composed of experts in legal studies, new media policies, media markets, and economics, political science, and political communications. Through its programme of research, debate, training, and dissemination of results, the CMPF works with academics, policy makers, regulators, market stakeholders, journalists, and others interested in the debate.

#### The Florence School of Banking and Finance (FBF)

The Florence School of Banking and Finance (FBF) was established in 2016 and designed as a European platform bringing together practitioners and academics from the banking and finance sector to develop a common culture of regulation and supervision in the European Union.
Finally, the Schuman Centre is also home to a number of Chairs named after renowned experts in their respective disciplines: the Pierre Werner Chair, the Ernst B. Haas Chair, the Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Chair and the Loyola de Palacio Chair.

## Historical Archives of the EU

The Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU) was established following the 1983 decision of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the 1983 regulation by the Council of the European Communities to open their historical archives to the public.
A 1984 agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European University Institute located the Archives in Florence, at the EUI, and in 1986 the HAEU opened its doors to the public. It is the single, official archival repository of the institutions, bodies, and agencies of the European Union, and also holds more than 160 private archives of European personalities, politicians, movements, and associations that played an important role in European integration. It has been in its current seat, in Villa Salviati, since 2012. Users may consult the Archives' online database for descriptions of the documents, audiovisual materials, and artefacts in its deposits. Archival materials may be consulted in the HAEU reading room according to the thirty-years rule, or online where possible. The HAEU supports research on European integration through the administration of several grant programmes.

## Doctoral and Master's Programmes
### Doctoral Programme

The EUI offers fully funded structured doctoral programmes in the field of economics, history and civilisation, law, and political and social sciences. Around 130 research grants are awarded annually by the EU Member States and other European national authorities to successful candidates.
In addition, the EUI provides workshops and training designed to foster academic and professional development, opportunities for international exchange programmes and placements, support for wellbeing, and many extra-curricular activities. In 2022, the completion rate remained high in the doctoral programmes, with 88.5% of candidates admitted in cohorts 2011 to 2015 completing the doctorate.

#### Grants and fees

There are funding options available to doctoral researchers, with the majority of EU member states offering grants that cover living costs and tuition fees. There are additional agreements with non-EU member states, while the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the EUI itself provide grants pertaining to several other countries. Academics not covered by grants must seek funding from a foundation or public body, pay €15,000 each year in tuition fees, and be able to guarantee at least €1,380 monthly to cover living costs, although fees may be reduced or waived under specific conditions.
PhD grants are determined (and generally paid) directly by the Member States. Whilst the EUI Convention's Declaration says that States should aim for grants to be 'comparable', there is wide variation in grants. This is in addition to wide variation in conditions (such as healthcare, parental leave, and other grants). Additionally, whilst the EUI pays the same grant to all fourth-year PhD researchers (€1,505 the amount it estimates as necessary to live in Florence), several States top this up.

## Languages

Most students and professors are multilingual; all are required to have a good knowledge of English, although French and Italian are also regular working languages. The Institute is committed to accommodating other languages where possible.
The EUI's Centre for Academic Literacies and Languages (CALL) provides language training in oral and written academic communication skills and facilitates social interaction in academic environments. Part of the Academic Service, the CALL offers language and academic skills courses in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish throughout the academic year, and helps organise courses in other languages upon demand.

## Major events
### The State of the Union

The State of the Union is an annual forum for high level reflection on the European Union organised by the EUI since 2011. The conference acts as a bridge between academia and policy making at the highest level in Europe, bringing together heads of state, EU representatives, academics, policy-makers, business and opinion leaders and civil society representatives to discuss and debate the key challenges and opportunities facing Europe and Europeans each year. Presidents, prime ministers, foreign ministers, as well as presidents of the European Commission and European Parliament have taken part in the event over the years.

## Rankings

The EUI is one of the leading social science research institutions in Europe, and with around 1,000 researchers at various levels in their careers, it is also one of the largest graduate schools with around 90 international partners in research, exchange, and educational initiatives.
In 2024, the EUI was ranked 6th in the world in political science and among the first 100 in sociology, public administration, and economics on the Shanghai Ranking. It was also ranked 31st in the world for Politics and International Studies, 51st in the world for History, and 89th in the world for Law in the QS World University Rankings.
The EUI Political and Social Science department was ranked 1st in Europe and 5th worldwide in the Hix ranking of such departments (which was published in 2004 and covered the period 1998–2002). In November 2009, the same department was included in the Die Zeit 'CHE Excellence Ranking' for political science.
Since 2021, the EUI's Department of Economics was ranked 14th for the publication success of its graduates.

## Campus

The European University Institute is seated in Fiesole on the Tuscan hillside overlooking Florence. The headquarters are at the Badia Fiesolana.
The campus is spread across 12 villas in the area, many of which date back to the Renaissance period and have been restored along with their landscaped gardens. The EUI campus also includes Palazzo Buontalenti in the historic centre of Florence at the Casino Mediceo di San Marco, which has been home to the STG since 2021.

## Organisation

The main governance bodies are the High Council (composed of the Member State delegates) and the Academic Council. The President of the Institute is Professor Patrizia Nanz, who is assisted in her duties by the Institute's Secretary General, Marco Del Panta, and the Chief Operating Officer, Roberto Nocentini.

## Institutional and research publications

Corporate publications produced by the EUI include:
* EUI Activity Report
* Annual Directory of EUI Academic Publications
The EUI Research Repository (Cadmus, EUI Research Repository) contains the academic publications by the members of the EUI, with open-access, full text-versions of publications (working papers, books, contributions to books, e-Books, articles, and theses).

### EUI and the European Research Council

During 2022, the EUI was host to more than 13 European Research Council (ERC) grants, of all types, including two partners in a Synergy project.
The funded projects touch on fundamental social science and humanities themes such as identity, and the nature of tolerance, inclusion, and solidarity; key histories of capitalism, globalisation, financial risk and economic thought; challenges at the top of policy agendas today, such as digitalisation, migration and democracy, risk and crisis management, and the provision of social welfare.

### EUI Widening Europe Programme

The EUI Widening Europe Programme aims to build a bridge between the EUI and national higher education institutions in targeted Widening countries by offering shared activities for early-stage researchers, fellows, senior academics, and administrative staff.
Funded by the European Union and the EUI Contracting States, the EUI Widening Europe Programme is designed to strengthen internationalisation, competitiveness, and quality in research in targeted widening countries, and thus foster more cohesive European Higher Education and Research Areas.

## Alumni

Many researchers who have taken doctorates at the EUI are employed as professors or lecturers in leading universities, officials in European Institutions and international organisations, or hold positions in government administration.
More than 30% of all EUI alumni now occupy senior positions in their chosen career paths; 69% of EUI graduates go on to careers in academia or research (universities and research centres); 19% develop their careers in the private sector and in national public authorities; and 12% play a role in the international arena by joining European institutions and other international organisations

## Former presidents

* Max Kohnstamm, Netherlands
* Werner Maihofer, Germany
* Émile Noël, France
* Patrick Masterson, Ireland
* Yves Mény, France
* Josep Borrell Fontelles, Spain
* Marise Cremona, United Kingdom
* Joseph Weiler, United States
* Renaud Dehousse, Belgium

## Notable former faculty

* Philip Alston, Law
* Giuliano Amato, Law
* Richard Bellamy, Max Weber Programme
* Jean Blondel, Political science
* Gisela Bock, History
* Kirti N. Chaudhuri, History
* Carlo Cipolla, History
* Colin Crouch, Sociology
* Maurice Cranston, Political philosophy
* Donatella della Porta, Sociology
* Gøsta Esping-Andersen, Sociology
* Sergio Fabbrini, Political science
* Peter Flora, Sociology
* Klaus Hopt, Law
* Søren Johansen, Economics
* Steven Lukes, Political philosophy
* Peter Mair, Political science
* Giandomenico Majone, Political science
* Alan S. Milward, History
* Michael Keating, Political science
* Thomas Risse, International Relations
* Giovanni Sartori, Political science
* Philippe C. Schmitter, Political science
* Andrew Shonfield, Economics
* Susan Strange, Political economy
* Gunther Teubner, Law
* Neil Walker, Law
* Joseph Weiler, Law
* Jay Winter, History
* Christian Reus-Smit, International Relations

## Notable alumni

* Manuel Perez-Garcia, Spanish Associate Professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (China) and ERC Grantee 2015
* Catherine Barnard, British legal scholar
* Richard Bellamy, British Political Theorist at UCL
* Srđan Cvijić, Serbian political scientist
* Maurice Glasman, British political scientist
* Simon Hix, British political scientist at the London School of Economics
* Jonathan Hopkin, British political scientist
* John Loughlin, Professor at the University of Cambridge
* Peter Mair, Professor of Political Science at Leiden University and the EUI
* Frank Schimmelfennig, Swiss political scientist
* Nuno Severiano Teixeira, Portuguese scholar, Minister of Defense
* Joachim Wuermeling, German politician
* Martin Westlake, British, Secretary-General of the European Economic and Social Committee
* Mishal Husain, British, BBC World
* Marta Cartabia, Italian, Former President of the Italian Constitutional Court
* Marco Doria, Italian, Mayor of the city of Genoa
* Brigitte Granville, French, Professor at Queen Mary University of London
* Tiago C. Peixoto, Brazilian political scientist at the World Bank.