OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bobai dialect

Bobai (地佬話, or 博白話) is a Yue Chinese dialect spoken in Bobai County, Guangxi. It was documented by the Chinese linguist Wang Li, a native speaker, and is well known for its tone system.

## Tone

Bobai dialect is widely cited as having the most tones of any variety of Chinese, though in fact it only has six, the same as most Yue dialects. The reason for the claim is that Bobai makes a four-way tonal distinction in checked syllables, whereas most other Yue dialects have three: In Bobai, both the lower and upper entering tone is split (8a and 8b as well as 7a and 7b), whereas in Cantonese only 7 is split; other dialects with an 8 split are neighboring Yangjiang and Pinghua, though in the latter at least 7 is not split, and 8 split along different lines.
Tone chart of Bobai dialect :
| Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour |
| 1 | yin ping (陰平) | ˦ (4) |
| 2 | yang ping (陽平) | ˨˧ (23) |
| 3 | yin shang (陰上) | ˧ (3) |
| 4 | yang shang (陽上) | ˦˥ (45) |
| 5 | yin qu (陰去) | ˧˨ (32) |
| 6 | yang qu (陽去) | ˨˩ (21) |
| 7a | yin ru (陰入) | ˥˦ (54) |
| 7b | yin ru (陰入) | ˩ (1) |
| 8a | yang ru (陽入) | ˦ (4) |
| 8b | yang ru (陽入) | ˧˨ (32) |
Tones 7b and 8a occur with long vowels, 7a and 8b elsewhere.
# Little brown brother

Little brown brother is a slang term used by Americans to refer to Filipinos during the period of U.S. colonial rule over the Philippines, following the Treaty of Paris between Spain and the United States, and the Philippine–American War. It was coined by William Howard Taft, the first American Governor-General of the Philippines (1901–1904) and later the 27th President of the United States. U.S. military men in the Philippines greeted the term with scorn. The book Benevolent Assimilation recounts that Taft "assured President McKinley that 'our little brown brothers' would need 'fifty or one hundred years' of close supervision 'to develop anything resembling Anglo-Saxon political principles and skills'", and reports that the military greeted Taft's assertion, "that 'Filipinos are moved by similar considerations to those which move other men' with utter scorn".
A 1961 book by Leon Wolff, titled Little Brown Brother and subtitled "How the United States purchased and pacified the Philippine Islands at the century's turn", was awarded the 1962 Francis Parkman Prize by the Society of American Historians as the best-written book in American history that year. A reissued 2001 edition of that book contains accounts of numerous atrocities committed by U.S. soldiers during the Philippine–American War.
Filipino journalist and author Carmen Pedrosa wrote in one of a series of columns for The Philippine Star that the term was not originally intended to be derogatory or an ethnic slur but was a reflection of "paternalist racism" promoted by Theodore Roosevelt.
# Frank Pieter Israel

Frank Pieter Israel (born 31 December 1946) is a Dutch astronomer. He received his Ph.D. in astronomy at the Leiden Observatory in 1976, where he currently (in 2024) is emeritus professor. Most of his work is dedicated to the Interstellar medium of external galaxies. The asteroid 7507 Israel is named for him.
Israel was chairman of the skeptical organisation Stichting Skepsis.
# Tureberg

Tureberg (pronunciation) is a neighbourhood in Sollentuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 18,866 inhabitants (2018). It is a Stockholm suburb and houses the seat of local government for the municipality as well as a large shopping mall and a Stockholm commuter rail station.
Tureberg has also evolved as a law enforcement center for the northern part of metropolitan Stockholm, with police station, court house, prosecutor's office, and a jail, all in buildings built in the 1980s and onwards. The present courthouse was inaugurated in 2010.
Tureberg is a Risk area.
# Slim Amamou

Slim Amamou (listen (Arabic: سليم عمامو, romanized: Slīm ‘Amāmū; born 1977) is a Tunisian blogger and a former Secretary of State for Sport and Youth in the transitional Tunisian government of early 2011. He resigned from the role in the week of 25 May 2011 in protest of the transitional government's censorship of several websites.

## Early life and education

Amamou studied at the University of Sousse. He is a blogger and author of ReadWriteWeb France.

## Political career

He protested against censorship in Tunisia and organized a demonstration on 22 May 2010.
He was arrested on 6 January 2011 during the protests that led to the Tunisian Revolution, alongside others including Azyz Amami. The Anonymous hacktivist group had led attacks on the Tunisian government's websites, and Amamou was held for five days by the state security forces under the suspicion of having collaborated with the hackers. Following a mass internet campaign and protest, Amamou and other bloggers were released from government custody.
Amamou was later released, and, following the flight of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, a national unity government was formed. Amamou was invited to become Secretary of State for Sport and Youth (Arabic: كاتب دولة للشباب والرياضة, French: Secrétaire d'État à la Jeunesse et aux Sports) in that government on 17 January 2011. When he assumed the role he told television channel France 2 that he would resign from his role if the government started to interfere with the internet, such as using internet censorship. He received considerable criticism online for joining the transitional government, particularly from fellow bloggers and internet activists.
In his role as Secretary of State for Youth and Sports, he was subordinate to the Minister for Youth and Sports, Mohamed Aloulou. On 29 March 2011, he was expelled from the Tunisian Pirate Party for joining the transitional national unity government. He later joined a rival party, the Pirate Party of Tunisia, instead.
On the week of May 25, he resigned from his post in protest of the transitional government's censorship of several websites at the request of the Tunisian Army.

## Political positions

He is an advocate for network neutrality and opposes internet censorship.
He supports the legalization of cannabis in Tunisia.
# Kaohsiung Astronomical Museum

The Kaohsiung Astronomical Museum (traditional Chinese: 高雄市立天文教育館; simplified Chinese: 高雄市立天文教育馆; pinyin: Gāoxióng Shìlì Tiānwén Jiàoyùguǎn) is an astronomical museum in Siaogang District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

## History

The museum was established in 2000.

## Features

The museum has a 2-meter-diameter constellation map, which is the largest ever created in Chinese, and contains the NT$6 million Temma Mewlon 300mm reflector telescope, the most developed telescope ever owned by a museum or organization other than the research institutes in Taiwan.

## Transportation

The museum is accessible within walking distance South West from Kaohsiung International Airport Station of the Kaohsiung MRT.
# Fida International

Fida International is a Finnish non-governmental humanitarian organization aimed at bring hope and a better future to all nations, especially to children living in poverty. It was founded at 1927 and is rooted in Christianity. Fida International is working on global missions, community development and humanitarian aid in 50 countries. Fida International is working in close co-operation with local churches and NGO partners. Fida's goal is sustainable transformation the gives marginalized and unreached people strength to overcome hopelessness, eradicate poverty and transform their communities. Fida's focus is in improving the rights of vulnerable children.
Since 2009, the secretary general of Fida International has been Harri Hakola.

## Secretaries general

* 1950–1960: Odin Finell
* 1960–1969: Tapani Kärnä
* 1969–1980: Unto Kunnas
* 1980–1983: Veikko Manninen
* 1983–1987: Tapani Kärnä
* 1987–2009: Arto Hämäläinen
* 2009– Harri Hakola
# James Hinchey

James Hinchey is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played for South Sydney and Parramatta in the NSWRL competition.

## Playing career

Hinchey made his first grade debut for South Sydney in round 11 of the 1992 NSWRL season against Cronulla at Caltex Field. Hinchey would play seven games for the South Sydney club throughout the year. In 1994, Hinchey signed for Parramatta and played two games for the club, in round 11 against Cronulla and in round 12 against Manly.
# Joseph North

Joseph North or Joe North may refer to:

## Sportspeople

* Joe North, English footballer
* Joseph North (soccer) in 2006 PDL season

## Others

* Joseph North (judge), connected to Martha Ballard
* Joseph North (actor) in Ladies Should Listen
* Joe North, character in Adventures of a Taxi Driver
* Joseph North (writer) (1904–1976), American journalist and magazine editor
# Moving Earth

Moving Earth is a theoretical astroengineering concept that involves physically shifting Earth farther away from the Sun to protect the planet's biosphere from rising temperatures. These expected temperature increases derive from long-term impacts of the greenhouse effect combined with the Sun's nuclear fusion process and steadily increasing luminosity. The approach has been acknowledged by some planetary scientists, including some at Cornell University.
Various mechanisms have been proposed to accomplish the move. The most plausible method involves redirecting asteroids or comets roughly about 100 km wide via gravity assists around Earth's orbit and towards Jupiter or Saturn and back. The aim of this redirection would be to gradually move Earth away from the Sun, keeping it within a continuously habitable zone. This scenario has many practical drawbacks: besides the fact that it spans timescales far longer than human history, it would also put life on Earth at risk as the repeated encounters could cause Earth to potentially lose its Moon, severely disrupting Earth's climate and rotation. The trajectories of each encounter would need to minimize potential changes to the Earth's axial tilt and period of rotation. Lengthening the Earth's orbital period would also lengthen its seasons, potentially causing disruptions to life at higher and lower latitudes due to extended winter and summer months, as well as causing significant changes to global seasonal weather patterns. Additionally, the encounters would require said asteroids or comets to pass close to Earth; a slight miscalculation could cause an impact between the asteroid or comet and Earth, potentially ending most life on the planet.
# Lotsawa

Lotsawa (Tibetan: ལོ་ཙཱ་བ, Wylie: lo tsA ba) is a Tibetan title used to refer to the Nyingma's Ancient Translation School of 108 Tibetan translators, which include Vairotsana, Rinchen Zangpo, Marpa Lotsawa, Tropu Lotsawa Jampa Pel and many others. They worked alongside Indian scholars, or panditas, to prepare the first translation into the Tibetan language of the Kangyur and Tengyur of the Buddhist Canon, from original texts written in Pali, Sanskrit, Classical Chinese, Buddihist Hybrid Sanskrit and other Asian languages. Working under the direction of Padmasambhava and Shantarakshita in the 8th century, their patron was King Trisong Detsen.
Lotsawa is thought to derive from the Sanskrit word licchavi, a privileged ancient and medieval Indo-Aryan tribe and dynasty. The term is also used to refer to modern-day translators of Tibetan buddhist texts.
Jnanasutra, a Nyingma, was the principal lotsawa of the first wave of translations from Sanskrit to Tibetan.
Yudra Nyingpo, one of the chief disciples of Vairotsana, was also a principal lotsawa of the first translation stage of texts into Tibetan.
# Laura Moss

Laura Moss (born November 1, 1973, in Kings Mountain, North Carolina) is an American actress of stage and television.
She is most known for being the fifth actress to play Amanda Cory on the soap opera Another World, a role she played from 1996 to 1998. She succeeded Christine Tucci in the role and had the original adult actress, Sandra Ferguson, succeed her in 1998.
On Broadway, she is most known for her role in the most recent adaptation of Death of a Salesman, starring alongside Brian Dennehy. She also reprised her stage role for a Showtime television movie of the same name.
She has co-authored several books for Growth Publishing.
# Franz Naegele

Franz Karl Naegele (7 December 1778 – 21 January 1851) was a German obstetrician born in Düsseldorf. His son, Hermann Franz Naegele (1801–1851), was also a noted obstetrician.
He earned his medical degree from the University of Bamberg, afterwards opening a medical practice in Barmen. In 1807, he became an associate professor at the University of Heidelberg, where in 1810 he was appointed a full professor of obstetrics.
He is remembered for "Naegele's rule", a standard method of calculating the due date for a pregnancy. His name is also lent to "Naegele obliquity", also known as an anterior asynclitism.
A variety of obliquely contracted bony pelvis where there is arrested development of one of the sacral alae, has also been named after him (Naegele's pelvis).

## Selected publications

* Beytrag zu einer naturgeschichtlichen Darstellung der krankhaften Erscheinung am thierischen Körper, welche man Entzündung nennt, und ihre Folgen. Dänzer, Düsseldorf 1804. Digitalization by the University of Düsseldorf
* Erfahrungen und Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiethe der Krankheiten des weiblichen Geschlechtes. Mannheim: Tobias Loeffler. 1812.
* Nägele, Franz Carl (1822). Über den Mechanismus der Geburt. Heidelberg. Translated into English by Edward Rigby in 1829 as An Essay on the Mechanism of Parturition.
* Das Weibliche Becken: betrachtet in Beziehung auf seine Stellung und die Richtung seiner Höhle: nebst Beyträgen zur Geschichte der Lehre von den Beckenaxen. Karlsruhe: Chr. Fr. Müller. 1825.
* Katechismus der Hebammenkunst: als Anhang zu seinem Lehrbuche der Geburtshülfe für die Hebammen : für Lehrende und Lernende (3rd ed.). Heidelberg: J.C.B. Mohr. 1836.
* Das schräg verengte Becken; nebst einem Anhange über die wichtigsten Fehler des weiblichen Beckens. (1839); translated into English in 1939 as "The obliquely contracted pelvis, containing also an appendix of the most important defects of the female pelvis".
* Lehrbuch der Geburtshülfe (1843) – Textbook of midwifery.
* "Ein Briefwechsel zwischen Joseph Alexis Stoltz und Franz Carl Naegele der XIII.: Versammlung der deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie 2.-5. Juni 1909 zum Empfang gewidmet von der Universitätsfrauenklinik Straßburg I. Els". J.H. Heitz, 1909 (Letters to and from Joseph-Alexis Stoltz)
# Pickpocket (disambiguation)

A pickpocket is a person who commits the act of pickpocketing.
Pickpocket, pickpockets or pick pocket may also refer to:
* Pickpocket (film), 1959 French film by Robert Bresson
* Pickpocket (EP), 1981 release by post-punk band Ludus
* Pickpockets (film), 2018 Colombian film
* Pick Pocket (1976 film), Indian film directed by J. Sasikumar
* Pick Pocket (1989 film), Indian film directed by G. M. Kumar
* Pocket Maar (disambiguation)
* Jebu Donga (disambiguation)
* Xiao Wu (transl. The pickpocket), 1997 Chinese film
# My Boy (1921 film)

My Boy is a 1921 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Victor Heerman and Albert Austin, and starring child actor Jackie Coogan.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, little Jackie Blair (Coogan) arrives in New York City from France without a friend in the world, his mother having died in steerage during the voyage. He slips by the immigration officers at Ellis Island by blending in with a family of eight, and follows an old seaman Captain Bill (Gillingwater), who was looking for work along the waterfront, home. Jackie makes himself handy around the house and when morning comes and the Captain decides to take him back to the immigration bureau, Jackie begs to remain. Later, the Captain is taken ill and Jackie goes out and dances with a hand organ grinder to obtain the money needed to buy some medicine. Invited to a party at a settlement house sponsored by wealthy lady, Jackie is accused of stealing the lady's handbag. The handbag is found, however, and the lady turns out to be Jackie's grandmother Mrs. Blair (Brundage), who had been searching the city for him.

## Cast

* Jackie Coogan as Jackie Blair
* Claude Gillingwater as Captain Bill
* Mathilde Brundage as Mrs. Blair
* Frank Hayes as Rent collector (uncredited)
* Patsy Marks as Little Girl (uncredited)

## Production

In the previous year, Coogan had made a meteoric rise to fame as the star of Charlie Chaplin's The Kid. The film was conceived and written expressly for him, and his father, Jackie Coogan Sr., was given some credit in the press for helping to adapt the script. The film title was reportedly suggested to the production team by Hollywood impresario Sid Grauman.

## Preservation

The distribution rights to My Boy were transferred from Warner Bros. to Associated Artists Productions in 1956, and then to United Artists in 1958. A copy of the film is held by Library of Congress and by various film archives. Also a 16mm print is in the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research.
The movie has been preserved and was released in 2004 as part of a Warner Home Video two-disc special edition of Charlie Chaplin's The Kid.
# Emil Soravuo

Emil Soravuo (born 28 March 1997) is a Finnish artistic gymnast and the 2021 bronze medalist in floor exercise. In 2019, he won the gold medal in the men's floor exercise event at the 2019 European Games held in Minsk, Belarus.
In 2014, he represented Finland at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics held in Nanjing, China without winning a medal.
In March 2017 he completed his military service at the Armed Forces Military School, where he trained in gymnastics in the evenings. "I actually did really well in the army. I got to keep myself fit there."
In 2019, he competed in the men's floor event at the 2019 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships without winning a medal.
In 2021, he competed in the men's floor event at the 2021 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and won the bronze medal.
# Nicolaas Godfried van Kampen

Nicolaas Godfried van Kampen (15 May 1776, Haarlem – 15 March 1839, Amsterdam) was a Dutch Mennonite author and deacon.
While never university educated, he studied literature and history and published a large number of writings, including a history of the French domination of Europe (1810-1823, eight volumes). In 1829 he was called to teach Dutch literature and history at the Athenaeum (university) of Amsterdam.
During his time in Leiden he was a deacon of the Mennonite congregation (1812-1815, 1818-1819, 1821-1829).

## Works

In the early 19th century, he published Beknopte Geschiedenis der Letteren en Wetenschappen in de Nederlanden, van de Vroegste Tijden af, tot op het Begin van de Negentiende Eeuw (Brief History of Literature and Sciences in the Netherlands, from the Earliest Times, unto the beginning of the Nineteenth Century).
# Monument to Majit Gafuri

The Monument to Majit Gafuri is a monument in Ufa. It is located on the square of the Bashkir Academic Drama Theater Mazhit Gafuri. Opened in 1978.
# Alexandra Boulat

Alexandra Boulat (2 May 1962 – 5 October 2007) was a French photographer born in Paris. In 2001, she co-founded the VII Photo Agency. Her work has appeared in many magazines, including Time, Newsweek, Paris Match and National Geographic Magazine and she received numerous international awards.

## Life and work

She was trained in graphic art and art history at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
Before co-founding the VII Photo Agency in 2001 she had been represented by Sipa Press and by her mother's agency, Cosmos.
Since 2006 she had been concentrating primarily on the conflict in Gaza.
In June 2007, she suffered a ruptured brain aneurysm, and spent three weeks in a hospital in Israel in a medically induced coma. She was moved to France, where she remained in a coma. Thousands of colleagues and fans had expressed support for her. Boulat died in her sleep in Paris on 5 October 2007.
# Charles Potts

Charles Potts (born August 28, 1943) is an American counter-culture poet. He is sometimes referred to as a projectivist poet and was mentored by Edward Dorn. Raised in rural Mackay, Idaho, Potts left Pocatello, Idaho and Idaho State University in the mid '60s and set out for Seattle, Mexico, and ultimately the location where he rose to literary prominence: the countercultural hotbed of Berkeley, California.
There, he founded the Litmus literary magazine and the Litmus publishing company, which published his friend Charles Bukowski's book "Poems written before jumping out of an 8 story window". Potts' gives an account of his time as a revolutionary hippie in the Berkeley poetry scene, and a psychotic breakdown he suffered there, in his two-part memoir Valga Krusa.
In the '80s Potts moved to Walla Walla, Washington where he later founded The Temple bookstore, Tsunami Publishing, and The Temple Literary Magazine.
Tsunami Inc. issued books by Stephen Thomas (Journeyman, 1997), klipschutz (Twilight of the Male Ego, 2002), and others. Potts in effect “rediscovered” klipschutz (pen name of Kurt Lipschutz), whom he had featured in seven out of 20 issues of his quarterly, The Temple Literary Magazine.
Potts' biography is also of record in the Marquis publications, Who's Who in America, 1977, Who's Who in the West, 1996, Who's Who in the World, 1996, and Who's Who in Finance and Industry, 1998.
Potts, better known as a poet, also won Manuscript's International's First Place Novel Award for Creative Excellence in 1991, for the Novel Loading Las Vegas. He was given a Distinguished Professional Achievement Award by the Alumni Association and the College of Arts and Sciences at Idaho State University in 1994. He has a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Washington Poets Association in 2008.
Also a singer/songwriter, Potts tapes and CDs recorded at Studio 13 in Salt Lake City and Bayside Audio in Austin, Texas, which is home to the Charles Potts Magic Windmill Band (named for him but in which he does not play) circulate underground. Various YouTube videos of his recordings were made by Bill Anderson.
A political and economic geographer, How the South Finally Won the Civil War: And Controls the Political Future of the United States, published in 1995, got a boost in recognition when the Harvard educated and Boston College professor of history, Heather Cox Richardson, published a similarly titled book, How the South Won the Civil War, with Oxford University Press in 2020.
Potts’ most recent book in The Fifth Convulsion: The Structure of American History.
Potts' collected works, letters, and publishing materials were housed in the archives of Utah State University's Merrill-Cazier Library in Logan, Utah in 2011.
# Chen Li-ju

Chen Li-Ju (Chinese: 陳麗如; pinyin: Chén Lìrú; Wade–Giles: Ch'en Li-ju; born 24 April 1981) is an athlete from the Republic of China. She competes in archery.
Chen represented the Republic of China (as Chinese Taipei) at the 2004 Summer Olympics. She placed 45th in the women's individual ranking round with a 72-arrow score of 617. In the first round of elimination, she faced 20th-ranked Sumangala Sharma of India. Chen lost 142–133 in the 18-arrow match, placing 50th overall in women's individual archery.
Chen was also a member of the team that won the bronze medal for Chinese Taipei in the women's team archery competition.
# Esther Lekain

Esther Lekain, née Ernestine Nickel (1 April 1870 – 2 March 1960), was a French singer. She was born in Paris and her career spanned 70 years. She died in Nice.

## Recordings

* La dernière Gavotte (Vargues – Delormel)
* Un vieux farceur (Léon – Nadot)
* Les vieilles larmes (Millandy)
* Ah ! Si vous voulez d'l'amour (Scotto – Burtey)
* Le cœur de Ninon (Buccucci – Bereta – Millandy)
* [Tout] Ça ne vaut pas l'amour (Perpignan – Trebitsch)