OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Presidio Modelo

The Presidio Modelo was a "model prison" with panopticon design, built on the Isla de Pinos ("Isle of Pines"), now the Isla de la Juventud ("Isle of Youth"), in Cuba. It is located in the suburban quarter of Chacón, Nueva Gerona.

## History

The prison was built under the President-turned-dictator Gerardo Machado between 1926 and 1931. The five circular blocks, with cells constructed in tiers around central observation posts, were built with the capacity to house up to 5,000 prisoners. The panopticon design allowed the guards to watch the prisoners constantly.
Thirty of the survivors of the rebel attacks on Moncada Barracks in July 1953‍— including Fidel Castro and his brother, Raúl Castro‍— were imprisoned there until 1955. At that time, the four circular buildings were packed with 6,000 men, every floor was filled with trash, there was no running water, food rations were meager, and the government supplied only the bare necessities of life. However, Castro and the other rebels were not kept in the circular buildings with their small cells and harsh conditions, but were instead kept in the hospital wing, which had a larger living area with better beds and living conditions.
The dictator Fulgencio Batista had made the mistake of placing all the conspirators together in the hospital wing, and they proceeded to treat it as a revolutionary boot camp, congregating for daily lessons on politics and conducting secret communications with supporters around Cuba. "What a fantastic school this prison is!" Castro wrote in a letter. "From here I’m able to finish forging my vision of the world...".
After Castro's revolutionary triumph in 1959, Presidio Modelo remained in operation. By 1961, due to the overcrowded conditions (up to 4000 prisoners at one time), it was the site of various riots and hunger strikes, especially just before the Bay of Pigs invasion, when orders were given to line the tunnels underneath the entire prison with several tons of TNT.
Prominent Cuban political prisoners such as Armando Valladares, Roberto Martín Pérez, and Pedro Luis Boitel were held there at one point or another during their respective incarcerations. It was permanently closed by the government in 1967.
The prison now serves as a museum and has been declared a national monument. The old administration building now serves as a school and research center.
# Kannavara Mallappa

Kannavara Mallappa, popularly known as K. Mallappa (13 April 1928 – 12 October 2020) was an Indian politician from the state of Karnataka.

## Career

Mallappa served as a member of the Karnataka Legislative Council from 10 June 1998 until 30 June 2002. He was elected to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of incumbent member A. Lashmisagar. Prior to that, he unsuccessfully contested the West Teachers’ Constituency Legislative Council Polls in 1980 against Basavaraj Horatti, who was a six-time member.
Mallappa was defeated by Pampathi of the Communist Party of India in Davanagere during the 1978 elections. He was elected to the 7th Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Harihar. Later, he won the 1985 elections from Mayakonda but was defeated by C. Nagamma Keshavamurthy in the 1989 elections.
Mallappa unsuccessfully contested the 13th Lok Sabha elections from Davangere against Gowdara Mallikarjunappa in the 1999 Indian general elections.

### Positions Held

Source:
* 1956–1960 & 1968–1974: Davanagere City Municipal Councillor.
* 1960: Vice President of Davanagere City Municipality.
* 1968: Member of City Municipality Davanagere.
* 1974: Twice elected as Member of Regulated Market Davanagere.
* 1983–1985: M.L.A. from Harihar Constituency.
* 1985–1989: M.L.A. from Mayakonda Constituency.
* 1984–1985: Served as State Vice President of Karnataka Pradesh Janatha Party.
* 1998–2002: Member of Legislative Council.
# Danny O'Connor (bowls)

Danny O'Connor (died 27 April 2017) was a New Zealand international lawn bowls player.

## Bowls career

He won a silver medal in the men's fours at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane with Rowan Brassey, Morgan Moffat and Jim Scott.
He won ten New Zealand National Bowls Championships titles; the 1975, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1990, 1995, 2005 & 2014 fours, the 1982 pairs and the 1983 singles.
He died on 27 April 2017.
# Hodruša-Hámre

Hodruša-Hámre (Hungarian: Hodrushámor) is a village and municipality in the Žarnovica District, Banská Bystrica Region in Slovakia.

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia"
# BBC Allied Expeditionary Forces Programme

The BBC Allied Expeditionary Forces Programme was a national radio station during World War II in the mid-1940s.

## History
### Overview

Upon the outbreak of World War II on 1 September 1939, the BBC had merged its two nationwide radio stations – the National Programme and the Regional Programme (which were begun broadcasting on 9 March 1930) – into a single BBC Home Service. On 7 January 1940, this was supplemented by a station aimed at the British Armed Forces serving at home (until Dunkirk in France and Belgium), the BBC Forces Programme.
With the arrival of troops from United States and Canada in the run-up to Normandy landings (also known as 'D-Day'), the Forces Programme was replaced by a service more tailored to new audience as the General Forces Programme, which also broadcast on shortwave for service people in the Asian theatre of operations. When Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of occupied Europe began, it was felt by the Allied governments that a joint service of entertainment, news and information for the fighting troops would be a better use of resources than providing separate services from American Forces Network and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation stations.
This combined station, called the Allied Expeditionary Forces Programme was fully operated by the BBC on behalf of the Allied forces, began broadcasting on 7 June 1944 (shortly after 'D-Day') with 514 metres (583 kHz) providing a service dominated by cabaret and swing music.

### Closure

The station closed soon after Victory in Europe Day on 28 July 1945 when the British Forces Network, AFN and CBC had established their own services in the areas each force was occupying. The following day, BBC Light Programme began.
# Petko Stefanov

Petko Stefanov (Bulgarian: Петко Стефанов, born 19 January 1972) is a Bulgarian long-distance runner. He competed in the men's marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Area codes 864 and 821

34°39′N 82°20′W﻿ / ﻿34.650°N 82.333°W﻿ / 34.650; -82.333
Area codes 864 and 821 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the western third of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The numbering plan area (NPA) comprises the areas of Greenville, Spartanburg, Anderson, and twelve surrounding counties. Other cities in the 864/821 territory include Clemson, Gaffney, Greer, and Mauldin. It is largely coextensive with the Upstate region.
Area code 864 was created in a division of numbering plan area 803 on December 3, 1995.
Projections of 2021 anticipated the requirement of relief from telephone number exhaustion in the Upstate region with a new area code for 2024 or 2025. On November 28, 2022, the NANP Administrator set the implementation target for area code 821 to mid-January 2024 by creation of an all-service overlay complex, approved by the Public Service Commission of South Carolina, requiring ten-digit dialing. Permissive calling started there and ten-digit dialing became mandatory in July 2024. After mid-August 2024, new 821 numbers became assignable.
# Jacob Frankenfield

Jacob Frankenfield (July 7, 1838 – August 31, 1914) was an American businessman and politician who served in the Minnesota Senate from 1874 to 1875 and Los Angeles City Council from 1885 to 1890. He was the President of the Los Angeles City Council for a year, and during his tenure helped with the building of the Los Angeles City Hall and helped change the name of Fort Street to Broadway.

## Early life

Frankenfield was born on August 7, 1838, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. In 1855, he moved to Henderson, Minnesota, and married Jeannie Fulmer in 1864.

## Career

Frankenfield started his political career in Henderson, being elected the Mayor of Henderson and Sheriff of Sibley County, later being elected to the Minnesota Senate in 1870. In 1875, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Frankenfield to the Collector of Customs for the district of Minnesota, which he held until 1879.
In 1892, he was on the opposition ticket for the fourth ward as a Republican. In 1883, he came to Los Angeles and was elected to the Los Angeles Common Council for the 5th ward, taking office in 1885. In 1889, he was elected as the President of the Los Angeles City Council before retiring in 1890. During his tenure, he helped with the beginning of the new Los Angeles City Hall at the corner of Second Street and Spring Street, with excavations happening under his watch.
After the City Council, he went into business but was a fire commissioner for a brief time. In 1900, Frankenfield was elected to the Los Angeles Board of Freeholders.

## Personal life and death

He and his wife Jeanette Fuller had three children, two girls and one boy. Frankenfield died on August 31, 1914, at his family residence in South Park. His funeral was held on September 3, 1914, with many Los Angeles pioneers attending his funeral; he was buried in Evergreen Cemetery.
# Ivan Boras

Ivan Boras (born 31 October 1991) is a Croatian football defender, currently playing for Devetka.
# Santa Toscana, Verona

Santa Toscana is a late-Romanesque and early Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church located in central Verona, region of Veneto, Italy.
A church at the site affiliated with the Benedictine order was established in the 11th century, and was adjacent to a cemetery. It was titled then Santo Sepolcro. In 1178 it was linked to the Knights Hospitaller. In 1342, they acquired the relics of Santa Toscana which were placed in an ark atop the main altar. The church was expanded, rebuilt and reconsecrated by 1489. The church suffered bombardment during World War II.
# Blechhammer

The Blechhammer (English: sheet metal hammer) (nowadays Blachownia Śląska, district of the City of Kędzierzyn-Koźle) area was the location of Greater German Reich chemical plants, prisoner of war camps, and forced labor camps (German: Arbeitslager Blechhammer; also Nummernbücher). Labor camp prisoners began arriving as early as June 17, 1942, and in July 1944, 400–500 men were transferred from the Terezin family camp to Blechhammer. The mobile "pocket furnace" (German: Taschenofen) crematorium was at Sławięcice.) and Bau und Arbeits Battalion (BAB, English: Construction Battalion) 21 was a mile from the Blechhammer oil plants and was not far from Kattowitz and Breslau. Blechhammer synthetic oil (aka synthetic fuel) production began April 1, 1944 with 4000 prisoners, with the slave labor camp holding these prisoners during April 1944, becoming a satellite camp of the dreaded Auschwitz extermination camp, as Arbeitslager Blechhammer.

## Chemical plants

Two plants in the area, Blechhammer North (south of Sławięcice) and Blechhammer South at Azoty (5 miles (8.0 km) from the labor camp) were nicknamed "Black Hammer" by Allied bomber aircrews. The facilities were approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) apart with each occupying a 3,000 × 5,000 ft (914 × 1524 m) area in open country. Similar to the Gelsenberg plant, the Blechhammer plants used bituminous coal from Upper Silesian Coal Basin in the Bergius process to synthesize Ersatz oil. In June 1944, the United States Army Air Forces considered Blechhammer one of the four "principal synthetic oil plants in Germany", and after the Fifteenth Air Force had dropped 7,082 tons (14,164,000 lbs; 6,424 tonnes) of bombs on Blechhammer, the Blechhammer plants were dismantled post-war by the Soviets.

## Evacuation

In March 1945 the POWs were evacuated. One camp went to Regensburg, BAB 21 went to Landshut) and on January 25, labor camp prisoners were force-marched for five days to Bergen Belsen (about 20% died en route). Some small groups did manage to escape (see František R. Kraus).
The "7 Company" was the guard battalion for Blechhammer, and the 1945 Belsen Trial convicted Blechhammer staff members Karl Francioh and Ansgar Piche.

## Camps

The Blechhammer complex contained a number of POW Camps: BAB 21 (E794), 40, 48; E3, E714, E769, Camp 139.
Life at Blechhamer and the work parties is described in Captive Plans, the POW diary of Reg Beattie and by a Czech survivor, journalist František R. Kraus.
# Zong Qinke

Zong Qinke (宗秦客) (died 691?) was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign. Among other things, he is particularly noted for his role in developing certain innovative Chinese characters of Empress Wu; that is, as part of Wu Zetian's acquisition and consolidation of power by means of literature and religious practices, Zong Qinke worked on developing modified characters to replace the regular forms of characters with particular symbolic importance with newly invented characters intended to support this process, such as the characters for her personal name (Zhao) and the characters for "Heaven" (tian) and "Earth" (dì).
It is not known when Zong Qinke was born, but it is known that he was from Hedong (河東, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi), and that his mother was a cousin of Wu Zetian's. As of 689, when Wu Zetian was empress dowager and regent over her son Emperor Ruizong, Zong was Fengge Shilang (鳳閣侍郎), the deputy head of the legislative bureau of government (鳳閣, Fengge), and he submitted 12 new characters to substitute for common characters such as Tian (天, heaven) and Di (地, earth). Around the new year 690, she adopted and promulgated the new characters, which were used until at least 705.
Later in 690, Empress Dowager Wu had Emperor Ruizong yield the throne to her, establishing Zhou as its "emperor" and interrupting Tang. She made Zong acting Neishi (內史) -- the head of the legislative bureau and a post considered one for a chancellor. About a month later, however, on September 28, 690, Zong was accused of corruption, and his younger brother Zong Chuke was accused of rape and corruption as well. Wu Zetian stripped Zong Qinke of his chancellor authorities and demoted him to be the sheriff of Zunhua County (遵化, in modern Qinzhou, Guangxi), and Zong Chuke and another brother, Zong Jinqing (宗晉卿), were also exiled to the same region. Zong Qinke died about a year after his exile.
# Saheb (disambiguation)

Saheb or Sahib is an Arabic honorific title.
Saheb may also refer to:
* Saheb (1981 film), an Indian Bengali-language sports drama film
** Saaheb, 1985 Indian Hindi-language remake by Anil Ganguly
* Saheb (2019 film), an Indian Gujarati-language political drama film by Shailesh Prajapati
* Saheb Bhattacharya, an Indian actor
* Saheb Chatterjee, an Indian actor
* Saheb Ramrao Khandare, an Indian author
* Nana Saheb Fadnavis or Nana Fadnavis (1742–1800), an Indian statesman
* Nana Saheb Peshwa I or Balaji Baji Rao (1720–1761), 8th Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Confederacy in India
* Nana Saheb Peshwa II (1824–1859), an Indian aristocrat and fighter
# Krasimir Tumanov

Krasimir Tumanov (Bulgarian: Красимир Туманов; born 13 October 1961) is a Bulgarian swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Robert Munro (lawyer)

Sir Robert Lindsay Munro CBE (2 April 1907 – 12 July 1995) was a New Zealand-born lawyer who held several prominent positions in Fiji, including being the first chairman of the Fijian Broadcasting Corporation and the first President of the Senate.

## Biography

Munro was born in New Zealand, one of four brothers and a direct descendant of John Knox. One of his brothers, Leslie later became an MP and President of the United Nations General Assembly. After being educated at Auckland Grammar School, he attended Auckland University College, earning an LLB. He qualified as a barrister and solicitor in 1929. He also captained the New Zealand hockey team.
Munro moved to Fiji to join a law firm. In 1937 he married Ragnhilde Mee, a nurse with whom he had three children. In 1943 he was appointed to the Fiji Education Board and Education Advisory Council, serving until 1970. In 1945 he was also appointed a temporary nominated member of the Legislative Council. In 1946 he was a founder of the Fiji Town Planning Board, serving as its chairman until 1953. He was appointed Norwegian consul in Fiji in 1949.
In 1953 the Fiji Broadcasting Commission was established, with Munro as its first chairman, a role he held until 1961. He also served as president of the Fiji Law Society from 1960 until 1962 and again from 1967 to 1969. In the 1962 Birthday Honours he was given a CBE. In 1963 he became president of the Family Planning Association, a post he remained in until 1987. In this role, he spent nine years as Regional Vice-President of the International Planned Parenthood Federation.
At independence in 1970, a Senate was established and Munro was appointed as its first president by Prime Minister Kamisese Mara. During his time in the chair, he once suspended the Fiji Times from the Senate for three months after it published quotes he had not made. He was knighted in the 1977 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours, and remained president of the Senate until 1982.
He died in July 1995 at the age of 88.
# Duje Medak

Duje Medak (born 19 December 1993) is a Croatian professional football and futsal midfielder.

## Club career

Medak joined Bosnian side GOŠK Gabela in January 2019. On 26 July 2019 Neretvanac Opuzen confirmed, that Medak had returned to the club. In February 2021, Medak moved to ONK Metković.
# Martin Faměra

Martín Famera Kopencova (born 4 November 1988) is a water polo player. Born in the Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia), he represents Spain at international level. Previously, he played for his country of birth and Slovakia men's national teams.
He represented Slovakia in 2016 Men's European Water Polo Championship and Spain in the 2020 Summer Olympics tournament.
# Zoltán Antal

Zoltán Antal (born December 8, 1971) is a Hungarian sprint canoer who competed in the mid-to-late 1990s. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-4 1000 m: 1997) and a bronze (K-4 500 m: 1994).
Antal also competed in the K-1 500 m event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, but was eliminated in the semifinals.
# Plamen Yankov

Plamen Yankov (born 1 October 1954) is a Bulgarian boxer. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Samuel B. Wilson

Samuel Bailey Wilson (May 12, 1873 – January 24, 1954) was an American lawyer and judge from Minnesota. He served as Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1923 to 1933.

## Biography

Samuel B. Wilson was born in Prices Branch, Missouri on May 12, 1873. He graduated from the State Normal School in Mankato, Minnesota (now Minnesota State University) in 1894, and from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1896.
He married Daisy Sheehan on June 21, 1899 and they had six children.
He was active within the Republican Party, and in 1900, he was elected county attorney of Blue Earth County. He was a partner in the law firm Wilson, Blethen, and Ogle.
Wilson served as Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1923 to 1933.
He died in Mankato on January 24, 1954.
# Mark Midler

Mark Petrovich Midler (Russian: Марк Петрович Мидлер; 24 September 1931 – 31 May 2012) was a Soviet Russian foil fencer. He competed at four Olympic Games, at which he won two gold medals.

## Early and personal life

Midler was born in Moscow, in the Soviet Union, and was Jewish.

## Fencing career

Midler was a member of the USSR National Fencing Team between 1951 and 1967. He trained at Burevestnik in Moscow.
Midler won the Soviet individual foil title six times (1954–57, 1963, and 1965) and the Soviet Cup in 1961.

### World Championships

Midler won four consecutive World Championships in Foil, in 1959 to 1962. He also won a silver medal in 1957 and bronze medals in 1959 and 1961. Along with his Soviet teammates, he won the World Team Championships in Foil five times: in 1959, 1962, 1963, 1965, and 1966. They also won a silver medal in 1967.

### Olympics

Midler was captain of the Foil team for the 1960 Olympic Games and the 1964 Olympic Games. They won the gold medal in Team Foil at both Olympics.

## Coaching career

Midler coached fencing for the Olympic teams of the Soviet Union and Russia. From 1971 until 2000, Midler was the coach of the Soviet and later Russian national foil team. He was also the head coach of the Soviet 1980 Olympic foil team, Unified Team 1992 Olympic foil team, and Russian 1996 and 2000 Olympic foil teams.

## Awards

Midler was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1983. In 1960 he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
# Karin Rahamim

Karin Rahamim (Hebrew: קרין רחמים; born 23 June 1989) is an Israeli footballer who plays as a forward for Israeli club Kiryat Gat and has appeared for the Israel women's national team.

## Career

Rahamim has been capped for the Israel national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.
# Saša Novaković

Saša Novaković (born 27 May 1991) is a Croatian professional footballer who most recently played for Bosnian Premier League club Radnik Bijeljina.
# List of taxa named after human genitals

This a list of species, genera, and other biological taxa named after human genitals.

## Background

* Pubescens. The word originates from the Latin pubes, "adult, full-grown"; "genital area, groin" (e.g., Pubis); "the down or soft hair which begins to grow on young persons when they come to the age of puberty". The use of the term in biology to refer to hairiness or soft down is recorded since 1760 for plants and since 1826 for insects.
* Vaginalis. The common specific name is derived from the Latin vagina, originally meaning "sheath, scabbard, covering; sheath of an ear of grain, hull, husk." The specific epithet may refer to a sheathed trait or habit of an organism (e.g. Alysicarpus vaginalis), or may refer to resemblance/relation to the vagina (e.g. Gardnerella vaginalis)

## Plants
### Families

* Orchidaceae. The type genus is Orchis, whose name comes from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis), literally meaning "testicle", because of the shape of the twin tubers in some species of Orchis.

### Genera

* Amorphophallus
* Clitoria
* Orchis

### Species

* Alysicarpus vaginalis
* Baumea vaginalis
* Chenopodium vulvaria
* Festuca vaginalis
* Pontederia vaginalis

### Varieties

* Capsicum annum annum var. annum 'penis pepper'

## Fungi
### Orders

* Phallales

### Families

* Phallaceae

### Genera

* Phallus

### Species

* Amanita phalloides
* Amanita vaginata
* Stachybotrys clitoriae

## Animals
### Genera

* Phallichthys. The genus name literally means "phallus (penis) fish", from the Greek phallos meaning "penis" and ichthys meaning "fish", referring to the "comparatively huge" gonopodium, the modified anal fin used for copulation.
* Xenophallus. The genus name translates to "strange penis".

### Species

* Trypauchen vagina

### Subspecies

* Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis

### Animal fossils

* Scrotum humanum