OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paleobiology Database

The Paleobiology Database (PBDB) is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms.

## History

The Paleobiology Database originated in the NCEAS-funded Phanerozoic Marine Paleofaunal Database initiative, which operated from August 1998 through August 2000. From 2000 to 2015, PBDB received funding from the National Science Foundation. PBDB also received support form the Australian Research Council. From 2000 to 2010 it was housed at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a cross-disciplinary research center within the University of California, Santa Barbara. It is currently housed at University of Wisconsin-Madison and overseen by an international committee of major data contributors.
The Paleobiology Database works closely with the Neotoma Paleoecology Database, which has a similar intellectual history, but has focused on the Quaternary (with an emphasis on the late Pleistocene and Holocene) at timescales of decades to millennia. Together, Neotoma and the Paleobiology Database have helped launch the EarthLife Consortium, a non-profit umbrella organization to support the easy and free sharing of paleoecological and paleobiological data.

## Researchers

Partial list of contributing researchers:
* Martin Aberhan, Museum für Naturkunde
* John Alroy, Macquarie University
* Chris Beard, Carnegie Museum of Natural History
* Kay Behrensmeyer, Smithsonian Institution
* David Bottjer, University of Southern California
* Richard Butler, Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie
* Matt Carrano, Smithsonian Institution
* Fabrizio Cecca, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University
* Matthew Clapham, University of California, Santa Cruz
* Bill DiMichele, Smithsonian Institution
* Michael Foote, University of Chicago
* Austin Hendy, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
* Steve Holland, University of Georgia
* Wolfgang Kiessling, Museum für Naturkunde
* Charles R. Marshall, University of California, Berkeley
* Alistair McGowan, University of Glasgow
* Arnie Miller, University of Cincinnati
* Johannes Müller, Museum für Naturkunde
* Mark Patzkowsky, Penn State
* Hermann Pfefferkorn, University of Pennsylvania
* Ashwini Srivastava, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany
* Alan Turner, Liverpool John Moores University
* Mark D. Uhen, George Mason University
* Loïc Vilier, Université de Provence
* Pete Wagner, Smithsonian Institution
* Xiaoming Wang, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
* Robin Whatley, Smithsonian Institution
* Scott Wing, Smithsonian Institution

## Criticism

Donald Prothero has asserted that for several Cenozoic mammal families, range data in the PBDB are exaggerated due to uncritical inclusion of mistaken data.
# Raphaël Bretton

Raphaël Bretton (7 February 1920 – 20 February 2011) was a French set decorator. He won an Oscar and was nominated for three more in the category Best Art Direction.

## Biography

He was born Raphaël Gaston Beugnon in Paris, France. During World War II he fled to England, and in 1943 was recruited into the Special Operations Executive (SOE). His evaluations during training where not promising. His instructors considered him "soft", "petulant" and "prone to bouts of childish temper". He was eventually transferred to the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and commissioned into the United States Naval Reserve with the rank of lieutenant. In April 1944, Beugnon and two other agents were parachuted into northern France. Their mission, codenamed "Beggar", recruited more than 90 agents to operate in the Oise department, north-west of Paris. Prior to the D-Day landings they carried out sabotage attacks on German railway traffic and communications lines. Later, as Allied troops approached Paris, they discovered a large force of German tanks hidden in woodlands and called in air strikes to destroy them. Beugnon was subsequently awarded the French Croix de Guerre and the American Distinguished Service Cross. His citation read in part:
   He displayed much ingenuity and daring, as when, on one occasion, he recovered an unexploded aerial bomb, transported it to a bridge, and used the explosive for partially demolishing that target. Beugnon's intrepid actions, personal bravery and zealous devotion to duty exemplify the highest traditions of the military forces of the United States.
Post-war he was sent to Hollywood to act as a technical advisor to the makers of the film O.S.S., starring Alan Ladd. He decided to stay in the United States, adopted the name Raphael Bretton, and worked as a set designer in films and television.
Bretton died in Green Valley, Arizona, on 20 February 2011.

## Selected filmography

Bretton won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction and was nominated for three more:

### Won

* Hello, Dolly! (1969)

### Nominated

* Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964)
* The Poseidon Adventure (1972)
* The Towering Inferno (1974)
# Pirimqul Qodirov

Pirimqul Qodirov (25 October 1928 – 20 December 2010) was an Uzbek novelist, short story writer, and literary translator. His best known work is Babur: Starry Nights (Uzbek: Yulduzli tunlar), a fictionalized account of the life and conquests of the Mughal emperor Babur. Babur is one of the most widely read novels in Uzbekistan, and Qodirov receiving many awards for it, including the State Hamza Prize.
Qodirov is also known for translating the works of many Russian authors, including Leo Tolstoy, Mikhail Lermontov, and Konstantin Fedin. He died in Tashkent in 2010.

## Life and work

Pirimqul Qodirov was born on 25 October 1928 in Kengkol Village, Uzbek SSR, located in what is now the Istaravshan District of Tajikistan. He entered the preparatory department of the Central Asian State University in 1945, and the next year he started studying at the Eastern Faculty of the university. He graduated in 1951 before moving to Moscow, where he attended the Gorky Institute of World Literature. In 1954, he successfully defended his dissertation, the subject of which was the writings of Abdulla Qahhor.
From 1954 to 1963, Qodirov worked at the Union of Soviet Writers where he consulted on matters of Uzbek literature. Later on in his career he became a senior researcher at the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR.
Over the course of many decades Qodirov wrote numerable works ranging from nonfiction educational books to novels with moral and spiritual themes. His most celebrated work is the 1978 novel Starry Nights, which has been translated into a dozen languages, including Russian, English and Turkish. His other historical novels include Avlodlar dovoni (Pass of Generations) (1988) and Ona lochin vidosi (Farewell of the Falcon's Mother) (2001).
Qodirov died in Tashkent in 2010.

## Awards and accolades

Qodirov received many Soviet awards including the State Hamza Prize in 1981, the title People's Writer of the Uzbek SSR in 1988, and the title Honored Worker of Culture of the Uzbek SSR in 1978. After Uzbekistan became independent, he received many Uzbek state awards for his work, including the Order of Outstanding Merit in 2006.
# Zgórsko, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Zgórsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radomyśl Wielki, within Mielec County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.
# Mohamed Gamil El-Kalyoubi

Mohamed Gamil El-Kalyoubi (Arabic: محمد جميل الكليوبي; born 7 April 1937) is an Egyptian former foil and sabre fencer. He competed at the 1960, 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics. At the 1960 Games, he represented the United Arab Republic.
He also competed at the Mediterranean Games in 1955, winning a bronze medal in the team sabre event, and in 1959, winning a gold medal in the individual foil event and a silver medal in the team foil event.
After his athletic career, he moved to the United States and served as the head fencing coach at Wellesley College until his retirement following the 2015 season.
# Sofia Jarl

Sofia Jarl (born 1977 with the last name Karlsson) is a Swedish politician. She is a member of the Centre Party.
# Damjan Trifković

Damjan Trifković (born 22 July 1987) is a Slovenian retired footballer who played as a midfielder.
# C.W. Kim

C.W. Kim (born Chon Won on August 3, 1938, in Namwon, South Korea) is an American architect based in San Diego. He is responsible for multiple buildings in San Diego, such as the Spinnaker (completed in 2007) and the hexagon-shaped Emerald-Shapery Center. He also serves as assistant professor at NewSchool of Architecture and Design in San Diego and on the boards of directors for United Way and the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego. In addition, he speaks at seminars and attends charity events.
# Thurstaston railway station

Thurstaston railway station was a stop on the single tracked Hooton to West Kirby branch of the Birkenhead Railway, on the Wirral Peninsula, England. It served the village of Thurstaston, which lies to its north-east.

## History

The Birkenhead Railway, owned jointly by the Great Western Railway (GWR) and London and North Western Railway (LNWR), had initially opened a branch line from Hooton to Parkgate in 1866. An extension to West Kirby was completed twenty years later, including Thurstaston station which opened on 19 April 1886. Station Road was constructed from land donated by local landowners Thomas Ismay and the Glegg family to provide access from the village to the station.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Heswall | Birkenhead Railway Hooton to West Kirby branch | Caldy |

### World War II

During the Second World War, the line was used for the transportation of munitions. Heavy anti-aircraft gun emplacements were built on land to the west of the station, which have since been grassed over.

### Closure

Despite regular seasonal tourist use of the station, passenger numbers generally remained low. On 1 February 1954, the station was closed to passengers, although the line itself remained open to passenger trains for another two years. The track continued to be used for freight transportation and driver training for another eight years, closing on 7 May 1962. The tracks were lifted two years later.

### Wirral Country Park

The route became the Wirral Way footpath and part of Wirral Country Park in 1973, which was the first such designated site in Britain.

## The site today

Unlike most of the stations on the line, the two platforms are still in situ, though the southbound platform is largely obscured by undergrowth; the Wirral Way continues to pass between them. The station buildings have been demolished.
One of two visitor centres for the Wirral Country Park is located on the station site.
# Nüzgar

39°24′55″N 47°13′28″E﻿ / ﻿39.41528°N 47.22444°E﻿ / 39.41528; 47.22444
Nuzgar ( Azerbaijani: Nüzgər ) is a village in the Guyjag administrative-territorial unit of Jabrayil district, Azerbaijan, located on Araz plain, 17 km east of the city of Jabrayil. Currently uninhabited.

## Toponym

The “Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Toponyms of Azerbaijan” suggests that the name of the village comes from the Persian word “neyzar”, meaning “thickets of reeds”. On the territory of the village even today there are areas overgrown with reeds.

## History

The village was founded by immigrants of Iranian Azerbaijan on the site of the ruins of an old village overgrown with reeds called “the house of Gargun”.
During the years of the Russian Empire, the village of Nuzgar was part of Jabrayil district, Elizavetpol province.
During the Soviet years, the village was part of Jabrayil district of Azerbaijan SSR. The village was captured by Armenian forces in the First Karabakh War.
On 27 September 2020, during the Second Karabakh War, the Ministry of Defence of Azerbaijan announced the liberation of the village of Nuzgar. BBC later reported that all the villages liberated in the south, according to Azerbaijan, judging by satellite images, lie in ruins and have been completely or almost completely abandoned since the Azerbaijani population left them in the early 1990s to escape the advancing Armenians.

## Population

According to the “Code of statistical data of the Transcaucasian region population, extracted from the family lists of 1886”, in the village of Nuzgar, Guyjag rural district, Jabrayil district, there were 47 dym where lived 202 Azerbaijanis (listed as “Tatars”), who were peasants.
According to the “Kavkazskiy kalendar” for 1912, 394 people lived in the village of Nuzgar, Karyagin district, mostly Azerbaijanis, indicated in the calendar as “Tatars”.
# Ferdinand Bie

Ferdinand Reinhardt Bie (16 February 1888 – 9 November 1961) was a Norwegian track and field athlete. At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, he won the silver medal in pentathlon. On winner Jim Thorpe's subsequent disqualification for having played semi-professional baseball in 1913, Bie was declared Olympic champion, but refused to accept the gold medal from the IOC. In 1982 Thorpe was reinstated as champion by the IOC; however, Bie was still listed as co-champion until the IOC announced 15 July 2022 that Thorpe's gold medal had been reinstated and Bie became the silver medalist.
He also finished eleventh in the long jump and competed in 110 metres hurdles and decathlon but failed to finish. He became Norwegian champion in long jump in 1910 and 1917 and in 110 m hurdles in 1910.
# Arthur Thistlewood

Arthur Thistlewood (1774–1 May 1820) was an English radical activist and conspirator in the Cato Street Conspiracy. He planned to murder the cabinet, but there was a spy and he was apprehended with 12 other conspirators. He killed a policeman during the raid. He was executed for treason.

## Early life

He was born in Tupholme in Lincolnshire, the extramarital son of a farmer and stockbreeder. He attended Horncastle Grammar School and was trained as a land surveyor. Unsatisfied with his job, he obtained a commission in the army at the age of 21.
In January 1804, he married Jane Worsley but she died two years later giving birth to their first child. In 1808 he married Susan Wilkinson. He then quit his commission in the army and, with the help of his father, bought a farm. The farm was not a success and in 1811 he moved to London.
Thistlewood was the nephew of Thomas Thistlewood (1721‒1786), a British-born slave owner and plantation overseer in colonial Jamaica.

## Beginning of revolutionary involvement

Travel in France and the United States exposed Thistlewood to revolutionary ideas. Shortly after his return to England, he joined the Society of Spencean Philanthropists in London. By 1816, Thistlewood had become a leader in the organisation, and was labelled a "dangerous character" by police, who watched him closely.

## Spa Fields

On 2 December 1816, a mass meeting took place at Spa Fields. The Spenceans had planned to encourage rioting all across England and then seize control of the British government by taking the Tower of London and the Bank of England. Police learned of the plan and dispersed the meeting. Thistlewood attempted to flee to North America.
He and three other leaders were arrested and charged with high treason. When James Watson was acquitted, the authorities released Thistlewood and the others as well.
In 1817 Thistlewood challenged the Home Secretary, Lord Sidmouth, to a duel and was imprisoned in Horsham gaol for 12 months.

## Cato Street Conspiracy

On 22 February 1820 Thistlewood was one of a small group of Spenceans who decided, at the prompting of an undercover police agent George Edwards, to assassinate the British cabinet at a dinner the next day hosted by an earl. The group gathered in a loft in the Marylebone area of London, where police officers apprehended the conspirators. Edwards, a police spy, had fabricated the story of the dinner. Thistlewood was convicted of treason for his part in the Cato Street Conspiracy and, together with co-conspirators John Thomas Brunt, William Davidson, John Ings and Richard Tidd, was publicly hanged and decapitated outside Newgate Prison on 1 May 1820.
# 99th Street station (IRT Second Avenue Line)

The 99th Street station was a local station on the demolished IRT Second Avenue Line in Manhattan, New York City. It had three tracks and two side platforms. The next stop to the north was 105th Street. The next stop to the south was 92nd Street. The station closed on June 11, 1940. Three blocks to the south mass transit service was replaced by the 96th Street station of the Second Avenue Subway.
# Imam Ali Mosque

The Inam Ali Mosque may refer to mosques, mausoleums, or shrines in the following locations:
* Imam Ali Mosque (Shaki), in Azerbaijan
* Mausoleum of Imam Ali, in Afghanistan
* Imam Ali Shrine, in Iraq
# A Night of Terror (1911 film)

A Night of Terror is a 1911 American silent film comedy directed by Edwin S. Porter. It was released by Edison Manufacturing Company as a split reel with the film The Old Family Bible.

## Plot

A traveler fears his ax-wielding innkeeper, but he’s just killing a chicken for supper.
# Soldier Five

Soldier Five – The Real Truth About the Bravo Two Zero Mission is the third book about the Bravo Two Zero mission during the Gulf War to have been written by a member of the eight-man patrol involved.
It is published under the pseudonym "Mike Coburn", but the author is the member referred to as "Mark the Kiwi" in other accounts.
It is more critical of the command structure than other accounts had been and the book was only published after a lengthy and expensive series of court battles, and by court order the resulting royalties go to the UK Ministry of Defence.
The New Zealand Court of Appeal upheld the confidentiality contract signed by Coburn as a member of UK special forces, ruling that there was valid consideration, that it was not an unconscionable bargain, and that it was not the result of duress or undue influence. However, the Court declined to order an injunction against its publication, noting that Coburn had not waived his right to freedom of expression and that the matters contained in the book were now in the public domain.
# Challenge the Wind

Challenge the Wind is the fourteenth studio album by Italian symphonic power metal band Rhapsody of Fire. It was released on 31 May 2024 via AFM Records and was produced by Alex Staropoli, the band's keyboardist. The album is the third chapter of The Nephilim's Empire Saga.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Alex Staropoli, Giacomo Voli and Roberto De Micheli.

## Personnel

Credits for Challenge the Wind adapted from liner notes.
Rhapsody of Fire
* Alex Staropoli – keyboards, backing vocals, orchestral arrangements, engineering, production
* Roberto De Micheli – guitars
* Alessandro Sala – bass
* Giacomo Voli – lead and choir vocals
* Paolo Marchesich – drums
Additional musicians
* Manuel Staropoli – baroque recorder
* Giovanni Davoli – uilleann pipes, low whistle
Choir
* Raffaele Albanese, Paolo Ribaldini, Alberto Bravin, Ivan Huecco
Production
* Sebastian "Seeb" Levermann – engineering, mixing, mastering
* Dennis Koehne – mixing
* Ville Assinen – cover art
* Josip Mihic – layout

## Charts

Chart performance for Challenge the Wind :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Japanese Hot Albums (Billboard Japan) | 94 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 36 |
# Víctor Bignon

Víctor Eduardo Bignon Guzmán (7 September 1925 – 27 October 2007) was a Chilean boxer. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1948 Summer Olympics. At the 1948 Summer Olympics, he lost to Adam Faul of Canada.
# Grunsky-Burton Open Meeting Act

The Grunsky-Burton Open Meeting Act was enacted by the California Legislature in 1973. It became Section 9027 of the Government Code. It provided that all meetings of the Senate and Assembly and the committees, subcommittees and conference committees were to be "open to the public" so that the populace may remain informed.

## Repeal

The section was repealed in 1984 and replaced with Section 9926 of the Legislative Reform Act of 1983. In 1989, those provisions were repealed and replaced with similar provisions which can be found again at Sections 9027 through 9031, inclusive, of the Government Code.
# 1430 in Ireland

Events from the year 1430 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Lord: Henry VI

## Events

* Ulick Ruadh Burke, became 5th lord of Clanricarde (died 1485)
* Inch Castle on the southern tip of Inch Island in County Donegal was constructed.

## Deaths

* William mac Ulick Burke, the 4th Clanricarde
# Sham Wedding / Hoax Funeral

Sham Wedding/Hoax Funeral is a split CD featuring Austin, Texas "brother bands" Okkervil River and Shearwater. It was first available only at North American tour dates in the spring and summer of 2004, but fans later were able to purchase it online. The tracks include demos, unreleased songs and old standards. Mark Pedini, former drummer of Okkervil River, provided the artwork for the album cover.
The song "Murderess" was later released in different form as "Piratess" on Okkervil River's 2011 album I Am Very Far.

## Track listing
### Sham Wedding by Okkervil River

* "See See Rider" (Ma Rainey, Lena Arant) – 4:56
* "Murderess" – 5:02
* "Moonshiner" – 1:59
* "Willow Tree" – 3:53
* "Unravel" (Björk, Guy Sigsworth) – 4:42

### Hoax Funeral by Shearwater

* "All the Pretty Horses" (traditional) – 4:26
* "Happy Song for My Friends" – 2:47
* "Cool My Blood" – 4:46
* "Mountain Laurel" – 2:22
* "Trouble in Mind" (Richard M. Jones) – 3:47
* "Never Come Again" – 3:44
# Francisco Perlo

Francisco Alfonso Perlo Marín (born 16 May 1987) is a Venezuelan football manager, currently in charge of Panamanian club Árabe Unido.

## Career

Born in Valencia, Carabobo, Perlo notably worked in the youth categories of Caracas and Carabobo before moving to Panama in December 2015, after being named manager of Costa del Este. He left the club in 2017, and subsequently took over Leones de América.
On 4 December 2018, after a period as an assistant manager, Perlo was appointed in charge of Independiente de La Chorrera. He led the club to the 2019 and 2020 Clausura titles, before leaving on 9 December 2021.
On 17 December 2021, Perlo returned to his home country and was announced as manager of Primera División side Academia Puerto Cabello. He left the club on a mutual agreement on 13 April 2022, and took over fellow top tier side Zulia six days later.
On 13 August 2022, Perlo resigned from Zulia to return to Panama, and was named manager of Tauro.

## Honours

CAI La Chorrera
* Liga Panameña de Fútbol: 2019 Clausura, 2020 Clausura