OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wola Zdakowska

Wola Zdakowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gawłuszowice, within Mielec County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Gawłuszowice, 15 km (9 mi) north of Mielec, and 60 km (37 mi) north-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
A notable landmark in Wola Zdakowska is the historic manor house, known as Dwór Zdaków. Constructed in 1911 for the Trzecieski family, the manor is accompanied by auxiliary structures such as a granary and carriage house, and is surrounded by remnants of a landscaped park. In recent years, the manor has been meticulously restored in collaboration with conservation authorities to preserve its historical character. Today, Dwór Zdaków functions as an elegant venue for weddings and various special events, featuring a restaurant that serves refined Polish cuisine.
# Wrzawy

Wrzawy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorzyce, within Tarnobrzeg County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Gorzyce, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Tarnobrzeg, and 77 km (48 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.
Wrzawy is the birthplace of the former First Lady of Poland (1995-2005), Jolanta Kwaśniewska.
# Aaron Stark

Aaron Stark (born 1979) is an American mental health advocate who is best known for planning but not following through with a mass shooting in 1996.

## Early life

Stark spent most of his childhood in Denver, Colorado. According to Stark, he had grown up in a dysfunctional family: his biological father, a Vietnam War veteran, was abusive and violent towards him, his brother, and his mother, while his stepfather and mother struggled with substance abuse. According to Stark, he had seen his mother being beaten and raped during his childhood. Due to his family being constantly on the run from law enforcement, Stark never attended the same school for more than six months, and he went to 40 different schools. According to himself, he was obese, awkward, dirty (because his home lacked running water), and bullied at school. He began cutting himself at the age of 14 or 15. After being kicked out of his house at the age of 15 or 16 and becoming homeless, and resorting to sleeping in his friend's shed, he sought mental help. Social services allegedly brought his abusive mother to the meeting, who accused him of fabricating his mental health issues. Reportedly, his mother had told him after the meeting that she would buy him sharper razor blades if he planned to slit his wrists to commit suicide. According to Stark, after he had sought mental help a second time, his psychologist told him that nothing could be done and refused him inpatient care. He dropped out of high school at age 17.

### Planned shooting and dissuasion

In 1996, while homeless, Stark began planning to attack either North High School or the food court of a nearby mall and to then commit suicide afterwards. Stark had planned to trade cannabis to obtain a gun from his family's drug dealer. According to him, his primary motive was to make his parents feel shame for creating him, and not out of a specific hatred of anyone in the school or mall.
Stark was days away from committing the mass murder when he changed his mind. His friend, Mike Stacey, who was unaware of Stark's plans, had invited Stark in for a shower and some food, after Stark had visited him with the intent of saying goodbye. He ended up staying for five days at Stacey's house. Stark credits this incident, and his inability to obtain weapons, with stopping him from committing the mass shooting.
Months after the incident, Stark was on the verge of suicide again, but was dissuaded after his friend Amber Schneider invited him to a movie and baked him a blueberry-peach pie for his birthday.

## Advocacy

Stark went public about his former plans to commit a mass shooting via an open letter to 9News in Denver in 2018, one day after the Parkland shooting. A TEDx conference speech Stark made has gone viral, with over 15 million views on YouTube as of March 2024.
Jonny Santana, a filmmaker, was moved by the Stark's speech and gathered 150 volunteers from San Diego to film a movie about Stark as a youth. The movie, Just Another Tuesday, premiered in November 2019.

## Personal life

Stark lives in Denver, Colorado, is married, has four children, and maintains friendships with both Schneider and Stacey.
# Węgliska, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Węgliska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rakszawa, within Łańcut County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Rakszawa, 12 km (7 mi) north of Łańcut, and 21 km (13 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.
* Church
* Primary school & library
# Joshua Trachtenberg

Joshua Trachtenberg (1904–1959) was a reform Rabbi based in the United States of America. He had a notable career as a congregational Rabbi and scholarly writer.

## Biography

Trachtenberg was born in London but travelled to America at aged three. He received his rabbinical ordination at Hebrew Union College (1936), and went on to serve at multiple congregations. He worked in many areas of Jewish scholarship including a survey of religious conditions in Israel (1951–52), which was sponsored by the Central Conference of American Rabbis and the Union of American Hebrew Congregations.
Trachtenberg was also active in the field of community work. In Easton he was the president of the Jewish Community Council (1939–46), and as an ardent Zionist, he was identified with the Labour Zionist movement.
His most notable work Jewish Magic and Superstition (1939, repr. 1961 and again 2004 with a foreword by Moshe Idel) was his Ph.D. dissertation at Columbia University. From this came another notable work The Devil and the Jews (1943, repr. 1966), which examines the relationship of the medieval conception of antisemitism to the modern variety. The work contrasted with his earlier pieces, such as Consider the Years (1944), that was instead a history of the Easton Jewish community he had presided in.
# Zabrnie, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Zabrnie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wadowice Górne, within Mielec County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Wadowice Górne, 17 km (11 mi) west of Mielec, and 65 km (40 mi) north-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Zagorzyce, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Zagorzyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziszów Małopolski, within Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Sędziszów Małopolski, 8 km (5 mi) south-east of Ropczyce, and 24 km (15 mi) west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Zagórze, Dębica County

Zagórze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jodłowa, within Dębica County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Jodłowa, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Dębica, and 53 km (33 mi) west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Zahutyń

Zahutyń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zagórz, within Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Zagórz, 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Sanok, and 59 km (37 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Zalesie, Nisko County

Zalesie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeżowe, within Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Jeżowe, 16 km (10 mi) south of Nisko, and 42 km (26 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Nowitna River

The Nowitna River is a 250-mile (400 km) tributary of the Yukon River in the U.S. state of Alaska. The river flows northeast from the Kuskokwim Mountains through Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge and enters the larger river 38 miles (61 km) northeast of Ruby and southwest of Tanana. Major tributaries include the Titna, Big Mud, Little Mud, Lost, and Sulatna rivers.
In 1980, the 225 miles (362 km) of the river within the wildlife refuge were designated "wild" and added to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The designation means that most of the Nowitna is unpolluted, free-flowing, and generally inaccessible except by trail.

## Boating

It is possible to run the Nowitna in many kinds of boats, including hard-shell, folding, or inflatable canoes and kayaks or inflatable rafts. Most of the river is slow-moving and meandering, rated Class I (easy) on the International Scale of River Difficulty. The exception occurs in Nowitna Canyon between Mastodon Creek and Big Mud River along the middle reaches of the Nowitna. This segment includes Class II (medium) rapids.
Dangers include black bears as well as rapids. Navigating can be difficult at times because of upriver winds, especially on the lower reaches.
# Carman Kerr

Carman Kerr is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2021 Nova Scotia general election. He represented the riding of Annapolis as a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party from 2021-2024.
Prior to becoming an MLA, Kerr worked in the tourism sector. He is a member of the Natural Resources and Economic Development Committee. As of September 22, 2024, Kerr serves as the Official Opposition critic for Agriculture.
He was unseated in the 2024 Nova Scotia general election by a margin of 7 votes.

## Bills introduced

| Assembly | Act Title | Date |
| Assembly 64, Session 1 | Sustainable Forest Practices Accountability Act | October 18, 2021 |

## Electoral record

2021 Nova Scotia general election :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Carman Kerr | 4,231 | 49.62 | -16.49 |
| | Progressive Conservative | Jennifer Ehrenfeld-Poole | 2,753 | 32.29 | +17.38 |
| | New Democratic | Cheryl Burbidge | 1,127 | 13.22 | -0.71 |
| | Green | Krista Grear | 306 | 3.59 | -0.10 |
| | Atlantica | Mark Robertson | 109 | 1.28 | -0.08 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 8,526 | 99.52 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 41 | 0.48 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,567 | 57.80 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 14,821 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | -16.94 |
| Source: Elections Nova Scotia |||||||
# Zarszyn

Zarszyn is a village in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zarszyn. It lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Sanok and 50 km (31 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Zatwarnica

Zatwarnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lutowiska, within Bieszczady County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Lutowiska, 24 km (15 mi) south of Ustrzyki Dolne, and 98 km (61 mi) south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Zawadka, Bieszczady County

Zawadka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ustrzyki Dolne, within Bieszczady County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.
# Zawadka Osiecka

Zawadka Osiecka > Pielgrzymka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Osiek Jasielski, within Jasło County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.
# Beirut chess

Beirut chess is a chess variant invented by Jim Winslow in 1992. The game is played using the standard chess pieces and board, with each side having secretly equipped one of their men with a "bomb"—which can be "detonated" at any time, wiping out all men on surrounding squares along with the bomb carrier.

## Game rules

Beirut chess follows all the rules and conventions of standard chess, with one difference: Before the game begins, each player secretly attaches a red dot to the bottom of one of their pieces (but not the king). This piece is called a bomb carrier. On any turn, instead of moving, a player may say "Boom!" and overturn their bomb carrier. All pieces of either color on squares adjacent to the bomb carrier are removed from the game, as well as the bomb carrier itself.
There are two ways to win:
* Checkmate the opponent.
* Blow up the enemy king.
A captured piece may not be inspected to see whether or not it was a bomb carrier.
# Marko Tuomela

Marko Tuomela (born 3 March 1972) is a Finnish former footballer. He is a former international defender who has played for clubs all over the world including Kuusysi Lahti, TPV Tampere, FF Jaro, Tromsø IL, Motherwell (loan), Swindon Town (loan), GIF Sundsvall, Liaoning F.C. and IFK Sundsvall.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 18 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Kuusankosken Kumu | 1992 | Ykkönen | 15 | 2 | – | – | 15 | 2 |
| Kuusysi | 1992 | Veikkausliiga | 22 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 26 | 1 |
| Kuusysi | 1994 | Veikkausliiga | 19 | 4 | – | – | 19 | 4 |
| Kuusysi | Total | Total | 41 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 5 |
| TPV | 1995 | Veikkausliiga | 23 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 2 |
| TPV | 1996 | Ykkönen | 25 | 2 | – | – | 25 | 2 |
| TPV | Total | Total | 48 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 4 |
| Jaro | 1997 | Veikkausliiga | 25 | 2 | – | – | 25 | 2 |
| Motherwell | 1997–98 | Scottish Premier Division | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| Tromsø | 1998 | Tippeligaen | 26 | 1 | – | – | 26 | 1 |
| Tromsø | 1999 | Tippeligaen | 4 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 0 |
| Tromsø | 2000 | Tippeligaen | 5 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Tromsø | Total | Total | 35 | 1 | – | – | 35 | 1 |
| Swindon Town | 2000–01 | Second Division | 2 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| GIF Sundsvall | 2001 | Allsvenskan | 15 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| GIF Sundsvall | 2002 | Allsvenskan | 23 | 2 | – | – | 23 | 2 |
| GIF Sundsvall | Total | Total | 48 | 2 | – | – | 48 | 2 |
| Liaoning Zhongshun | 2003 | Chinese Jia-A League | 4 | 0 | – | – | 4 | 0 |
| IFK Sundsvall | 2003 | Division 3 | 18 | 1 | – | – | 18 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 236 | 17 | 5 | 0 | 241 | 17 |
* 1 2 Includes UEFA Cup

### International

    As of match played 29 January 2003
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Finland | 1995 | 2 | 0 |
| Finland | 1996 | 0 | 0 |
| Finland | 1997 | 4 | 0 |
| Finland | 1998 | 7 | 0 |
| Finland | 1999 | 3 | 0 |
| Finland | 2000 | 4 | 1 |
| Finland | 2001 | 3 | 0 |
| Finland | 2002 | 0 | 0 |
| Finland | 2003 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 24 | 1 |
    As of goal scored on 10 October 2019
    Scores and results list Finland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Finland goal.
List of international goals scored by Marko Tuomela :
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
| 1 | 23 February 2000 | Rajamangala Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand | Estonia | 2–0 | 4–2 | Friendly | |
# Meningohydroencephalocoele

Meningohydroencephalocoele (AmE: meningohydroencephalocele) is a form of meningocele (AmE)—a developmental abnormality of the central nervous system.
Like meningocoele, meningohydroencephalocoele is caused by defects in bone ossification; in particular, the intramembranous ossification related to the closure of infantile fontanelles. It refers to the protrusion of the meninges between the un-fused bones, to lie subcutaneously.
* Meningocoele - refers to herniation of meninges.
* Meningoencephalocoele refers to the condition if brain tissue is included with the meninges in the herniation.
* Meningohydroencephalocoele refers to the condition including meninges, brain tissue and part of the ventricular system in the herniation.
Encephalocoele defects occur in approximately 1 in 2000 live births.
# Jakub Šindelář

Jakub Šindelář (born 20 November 1986) is a Czech handball player for Talent Plzeň and the Czech national team.
# Walter Mercer

Sir Walter Mercer KBE FRSE FRCSEd FRCPE LLD (19 March 1890 – 23 February 1971) was a Scottish orthopaedic surgeon. He was President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1951 to 1956. He was affectionately known as 'Wattie.' His collection of anatomical specimens was donated to Surgeon's Hall in Edinburgh, and is now known as the Walter Mercer Collection.

## Life

Mercer was born on 19 March 1890 in Stow, Scotland, the second son of Jessie Mary Graham (née Greenfield) and Ebenezer Beattie Mercer, a woollen manufacturer and tweed mill owner. He was educated at George Watson's College, going on to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh from 1907 to 1912, graduating with an MB ChB. He then received a house post in Carlisle Infirmary.
In the World War I he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps attached to the Kings Own Scottish Borderers and the Royal Scots Fusiliers. He served in France, Italy and the Mediterranean. He was invalided back to Britain and then served in the Bangour Military Hospital where he began to take an interest in orthopaedics.
When he was demobilised in 1920 he went to work at Tynecastle Orthopaedic Clinic in Edinburgh. In 1925 he joined the staff of Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. He concurrently took on the role of thoracic surgeon at the South Eastern Counties of Scotland Sanatorium at East Fortune.
In 1929 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir John Fraser, John Brown Clark, Arthur Logan Turner and George Fowlie Merson.
In the World War II he was consultant orthopaedic surgeon to the Department of Health.
He became the first Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Edinburgh in 1948, and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1956. He was elected a member of the Aesculapian Club in 1953. He retired in 1958. In 1959 he was elected President of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh.
He died on 23 February 1971.

## Memorials

Mercer's name is one of the many carved names taken from the old Edinburgh Royal Infirmary on Lauriston Place and now displayed at the new facility at Little France.
The Sir Walter Mercer medal is awarded annually to the highest scoring candidate in the Royal College Intercollegiate Specialty Examination in Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery at the first attempt.

## Publications

* Orthopaedic Surgery (1932 reprinted 1964)

## Artistic recognition

His portrait by Sir William Oliphant Hutchison is held by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.
# Leigh S. J. Hunt

Leigh Smith James Hunt (August 1855 – October 5, 1933) was an American businessman. He is best known as the third president of Iowa State University (1885-1886), and as publisher of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer from 1886 to 1893. The community of Hunts Point, Washington bears his name.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Leigh Smith James Hunt was born on a farm near Columbia City, Indiana, in August 1855. His parents, Franklin and Martha (Long) Hunt, were natives of the same State. Hunt earned an undergraduate degree from Middlebury College via correspondence course and studied law on his own before passing the Indiana bar exam.

### Career

After completing his education in 1879 he went to Cedar Falls, Iowa, and engaged in teaching school, subsequently becoming Principal. There he established his reputation as an educator, and some time later he was engaged as Superintendent of the Schools at Mount Pleasant, Iowa (1880) and Des Moines, Iowa (1882) and still later as President of the State Agricultural College at Ames, Iowa (now the Iowa State University).
In 1886, he went to Seattle and purchased the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, which he owned and published until 1893. His later career included real estate development, operating a gold mine in Korea under the Oriental Consolidated Mining Company, growing cotton in Sudan (1904-1910), and mining and land development in Las Vegas, Nevada. The Huntridge neighborhood in Las Vegas was developed on land that was his farm.

### Marriage and children

Hunt and his wife Jessie Noble Hunt (c. 1862–1960) were married in 1885 and had two children:
* Henry Leigh Hunt (1886-1972), 1st husband (1925-1930s) of Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin (1902-1969), French novelist and seed heiress. They had three daughters: Jessie, Alexandra, and Helena.
* Helen Hunt Rives (1893-1996)
# Geneviève Billette

Geneviève Billette is a Quebec writer and translator.
She was born in Quebec City and received a BA from the Université de Montréal. Billette went on to study at the National Theatre School of Canada. She has written radio plays for Radio Canada. She was writer in residence for Théâtre Carrousel and at the Festival International des Théâtres Francophones in Limoges, France. Billette has also translated plays by several Mexican playwrights into French. Her work has been performed in France, in Mexico and in Switzerland.

## Selected works

Source:
* Crime contre l'humanité (1999), shortlisted for the Governor General's Award for French-language drama; translated into English as Crime Against Humanity
* Le Goûteur (2002)
* Le Pays des genoux, received the Governor General's Award for French-language drama, the Prix Paul-Gilson and the Prix Gratien-Gélinas
* Les ours dorment enfin (2010), shortlisted for the Governor General's Award and received the Prix Annick-Lansman
* Contre le temps (2012), received the Governor General's Award
# Ruperto Montinola

Ruperto Benedicto Montinola (March 18, 1869 – February 10, 1940) was a Filipino lawyer and politician. He was referred to as "Colossus of the South" in the Philippine press.

## Early life

Ruperto Montinola was born on March 18, 1869, in Bago, Negros Occidental to Juan Montinola and Martina Benedicto. He received his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Santo Tomas in 1894. In 1897, he joined the Philippine Revolution against Spain. In 1900, Montinola was appointed the first public prosecutor (fiscal) of Iloilo, but resigned in 1903 due to health problems and went to Japan to recuperate. He returned to the Philippines in 1905.

## Political career

In 1908 he was appointed governor of Iloilo after his predecessor Benito Lopez was assassinated. Shortly afterwards he was re-elected in his own right and served until 1912. He later served as governor again from 1922 to 1925. In between, he was also active as a lawyer for various sugar plants and banks in the province. Montinola was a member of the Democrata Party from its founding in 1916. Montinola became one of the leaders of this opposition party until he joined the Nacionalista Party in the early 1930s.
In 1931, Montinola was elected to the Philippine Senate on behalf of the 7th District. He was a member of the OsRox Mission to Washington DC in 1931 that led to the passage of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act, the first law to grant Philippine independence, in the US Congress. In 1934, he was one of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention where the 1935 Philippine Constitution was drafted. He was also elected vice president of the convention. In 1935, Montinola was elected to the National Assembly from Iloilo's 2nd district. In 1938 he was re-elected.

## Death

Montinola died while in office in 1940 at the age of 70. He was buried in Jaro cemetery.

## Personal life

He was married to Basa Benedicto and had six children with her: Aurelio, Remedios, Otilla, Maria, Vicente and Gloria.