OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bamna, Magrahat

Bamna is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Usthi police station in the Magrahat I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

Diamond Harbour subdivision is a rural subdivision with patches of urbanization. Only 14.61% of the population lives in the urban areas and an overwhelming 85.39% lives in the rural areas. In the eastern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 24 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area dotted with small towns. Location of places in the larger map varies a little. It is an OpenStreetMap, while we are using coordinates as in Google Maps.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Bamna is located at 22°13′07″N 88°20′32″E﻿ / ﻿22.2185°N 88.3422°E﻿ / 22.2185; 88.3422
Usthi, Ghola Noapara, Barijpur and Uttar Kusum form a cluster of census towns in the Magrahat I CD block. Uttar Bishnupur, Kalikapota and Bamna are a little away from this cluster. This is as per the map of the Magrahat I CD block on page 445 in the District Census Handbook for the South 24 Parganas.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bamna had a total population of 4,517 of which 2,334 (52%) were males and 2,183 (48%) were females. There were 720 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate people in Bamna was 2,822 (74.32% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Bamna covered an area of 1.6651 km$^2$. Among the civic amenities, it had 345 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities, it had 1 dispensary/ health centre, 1 family welfare centre, 1 veterinary hospital. Among the educational facilities it had was 4 primary schools, 1 middle school. Three important commodities it produced were: paddy, vegetables, leather goods.

## Transport

Bamna is off the Sangrampur Station/ Samashat Road.
Sangrampur railway station is located nearby.

## Healthcare

Baneswarpur Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at Baneswarpur, is the major government medical facility in the Magrahat I CD block.
# John Gillen (judge)

Sir John Gillen, PC (born 18 November 1947), previously known as The Rt Hon Lord Justice Gillen, and before that as Mr Justice Gillen, is a Privy Councillor and was one of the Lords Justices of Appeal of Northern Ireland, from September 2014-November 2017.

## Education

Gillen attended Cregagh Primary School, then the Methodist College, Belfast, and Queen's College, Oxford.

## Career

He was called to the bar in 1970 and became Queen's Counsel in 1983.
He was appointed as a High Court judge in Belfast, replacing Lord Justice MacDermott, on the latter's retirement. Gillen was sworn in before the then Lord Chief Justice, Sir Robert Carswell, on 6 January 1999. He was awarded the customary knighthood upon his appointment to the High Court.
He was appointed to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council in November 2014.
In 2016, an off-duty police officer who was representing himself in a house repossession case against Santander that Gillen was hearing tried to arrest him. The officer was himself arrested, on suspicion of common assault, but was released without charge. The police officer was nevertheless sentenced, by Lord Chief Justice Sir Declan Morgan, to three months jail for contempt of court, with the possibility of release after 28 days if he apologised.
From 2015 to 2017, he conducted a review of Civil and Family Justice in Northern Ireland.

## Personal life

Gillan is married and has two daughters.
# Alex Wise (archer)

Alex Wise (born 17 August 2000) is a British archer competing in recurve events. He was selected to compete at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

## Early life

Born in Newcastle, he joined the Bowmen of Walker club in Newcastle in 2015 after first trying archery whilst on holiday in Turkey. He graduated with a Sport Development degree from Northumbria University.

## Career

As a 16-year-old he was selected at junior level for the 2017 European Archery Championships in France. That year, he made his senior debut and competed at the World Archery Youth Championships. In 2018, he won the recurve junior men’s competition at the third stage of the 2017/18 Indoor Archery World Cup in Nîmes, France. In June 2018, alongside Tom Hall and Patrick Huston he won the bronze medal in a team event at the second World Cup of the season in Antalya, Turkey.
He was part of the British Archery team that earned qualification for 2020 Tokyo Olympics and traveled to the games as a non-playing reserve.
He won a silver medal at the 2022 Archery World Cup in Turkey, in the recurve mixed team final alongside Bryony Pitman.
In June 2024, alongside Conor Hall and Tom Hall, he won gold in the recurve men’s team division at the Veronica's Cup in Slovenia. That month, the trio also secured qualification for the team event at the 2024 Olympic Games by finishing third at the final qualifying event in Antalya. In July 2024, he was officially named in the British team for the 2024 Paris Olympics., alongside teammates Conor Hall and Tom Hall. In the individual, he was knocked out in the round of 32. In the team round they were knocked out by the Chinese Taipei team, in the first round.
# Bandhail

Bandhail is a census town in the Gazole CD block in the Malda Sadar subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Bandhail is located at 25°12′58″N 88°12′04″E﻿ / ﻿25.21624°N 88.20123°E﻿ / 25.21624; 88.20123.

### Area overview

The area shown in the adjacent map covers two physiographic regions – the Barind in the east and the tal in the west. The eastern part is comparatively high (up to 40 metres above mean sea level at places) and uneven. The soils of the eastern region are "hard salty clays of a reddish hue and the ground is baked hard as iron." It lies to the east of the Mahananda River. The area lying to the west of the Mahananda River, the tal, is a flat low land and "is strewn with innumerable marshes, bils and oxbow lakes." The tal area is prone to flooding by local rivers. The total area is overwhelmingly rural. There are two important historical/ archaeological sites in the area – Pandua and Jagjivanpur.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bandhail had a total population of 6,175, of which 3,159 (51%) were males and 3,016 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 639. The total number of literate persons in Bandhail was 4,940 (89.23% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook, Maldah, 2011, Bandhail covered an area of 1.1888 km$^2$. It had 6 km roads with both open and closed drains. The protected water-supply involved overhead tank, tap water from untreated sources, hand pump. It had 1,400 domestic electric connections, 150 road lighting points. Among the medical facilities it had 1 family welfare centre, 1 maternity & child welfare centre, 10 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities, it had 3 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 1 higher secondary school, 1 general degree college at Kotalhati 2 km away. It had 1 non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan). Among the social, cultural and recreational facilities it had 1 cinema theatre, 1 auditorium/ community hall, 1 public library, 1 reading room. It produced rice and flour. It had the branch offices of 2 nationalised banks, 2 private commercial banks, 1 cooperative bank, 1 agricultural credit society, 1 non-agricultural credit society.
# Absolute (perfumery)

Used in perfumery and aromatherapy, absolutes are similar to essential oils. They are concentrated, highly aromatic, oily mixtures extracted from plants. Whereas essential oils are produced by distillation, boiling, or pressing, absolutes are produced through solvent extraction, or more traditionally, through enfleurage.

## Production

First, plant material is extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent, such as hexane, to yield concrete. The concrete is then extracted with ethanol. The ethanol extract is cooled (e.g., to −15 °C) to solidify waxes, and cold filtered to yield a liquid extract. When the ethanol evaporates, an oil—the absolute—is left behind.
Traditionally, the absolute was obtained by enfleurage, where the resulting pomade was extracted with ethanol to yield the absolute.

## Character and use

Some raw materials are either too delicate or too inert to be steam-distilled and can only yield their aroma through solvent extraction. Examples of these are jasmine and beeswax. Absolutes in demand include rose, jasmine, tuberose, jonquil, ylang-ylang, mimosa, boronia, lavender, lavandin, geranium, clary sage, violet, oakmoss, tonka bean.
Rose oil, jasmine absolute, tuberose absolute, tobacco absolute, orris root oil, ambrette seeds oil, angelica root oil, and orange flower oil are valuable and expensive fragrance and flavor ingredients.
Residual solvents may remain in the absolutes. Therefore, some absolutes are considered undesirable for aromatherapy.
# Bangsidharpur

Bangsidharpur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Mandirbazar police station in the Mandirbazar CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

Diamond Harbour subdivision is a rural subdivision with patches of urbanization. Only 14.61% of the population lives in the urban areas and an overwhelming 85.39% lives in the rural areas. In the eastern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 24 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters. Location of places in the larger map varies a little. It is an OpenStreetMap, while we are using coordinates as in Google Maps.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Bangsidharpur is located at 22°10′20″N 88°24′35″E﻿ / ﻿22.1723°N 88.4098°E﻿ / 22.1723; 88.4098

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bangsidharpur had a total population of 5,218 of which 2,704 (52%) were males and 2,514 (48%) were females. There were 760 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Bangsidharpur was 3,300 (74.02% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Bangsidharpur covered an area of 1.8465 km$^2$. Among the physical aspects, there is a railway station at Jaynagar Majilpur 2 km away. Among the civic amenities, it had 2 km roads with both open and covered drains, the protected water supply involved hand pumps, tanks, ponds, lakes. It had 587 domestic electric connections and 79 road light points. Among the medical facilities, it had 3 dispensaries/ health centres, 3 nursing homes, 3 charitable hospital/ nursing homes, 2 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities it had were 2 primary schools, the nearest higher school facilities at Jaynagar Majilpur 2 km away, the nearest general degree college at Dakshin Barasat 12 km away. It had 1 non-formal education centre (Sarbya Siksha Abhijan).

## Transport

Bangsidharpur is on the State Highway 1.
Jaynagar Majilpur railway station is located nearby.

## Healthcare

Naiyarat Rural Hospital at Naiyarat, with 30 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Mandirbazar CD block.
# The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Billboard | (favorable) |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B+ |
| Rolling Stone | |
The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein is the fifth album by funk band Parliament, released on July 20, 1976. The album is notable for featuring horn arrangements by ex-James Brown band member Fred Wesley. The album charted at No. 3 on the Billboard R&B Albums chart, No. 20 on the Billboard pop chart, and became Parliament's second album to be certified gold. Two singles were released off the album, "Do That Stuff", which charted at No. 22, and "Dr. Funkenstein" which charted at No. 43.

## Personnel

* Lead vocals - George Clinton (lead in "Prelude", "Dr. Funkenstein"), Calvin Simon, Fuzzy Haskins, Raymond Davis, Grady Thomas, Garry Shider (lead in "Getten' to Know You"), Glenn Goins (lead in "I've Been Watching You", "Funkin' for Fun"), Bootsy Collins
* Horns - Fred Wesley, Maceo Parker, Rick Gardner, Michael Brecker, Randy Brecker
* Bass guitar - Cordell Mosson, Bootsy Collins, Renny Jones
* Guitars - Garry Shider, Michael Hampton, Glen Goins
* Drums and percussion - Jerome Brailey, Bootsy Collins, Gary "Mudbone" Cooper
* Keyboards and synthesizers - Bernie Worrell
* Backing vocals and handclaps - Debbie Edwards, Taka Khan, Gary Cooper
Horn arrangement by Bernie Worrell (tracks 2, 7, 8, 9) and Fred Wesley (tracks 3, 4, 5, 6).

### Production

* Produced by George Clinton
* Engineered by Igor Jim Callow, Igor Jim Vitti
* Mastered br Allen Zentz
* Photography by Ron Slenzak
* Art Direction and Design by Chris Whorf/Gribbitt!
# Red Bug, North Carolina

Red Bug is an unincorporated community in Brunswick County, North Carolina, United States.
# 1,3-Bis(dicyanomethylene)squarate

1,3-Bis(dicyanomethylene)squarate is a divalent anion with chemical formula C $_{10}$N $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_2$ or ((N≡C−)$_2$C=)$_2$(C$_4$O$_2$)$^{2−}$. It is one of the pseudo-oxocarbon anions, as it can be described as a derivative of the squarate oxocarbon anion C $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_4$ through the replacement of two opposite oxygen atoms by dicyanomethylene groups =C(−C≡N)$_2$.
The anion can be obtained by reacting squaric acid with aniline to form 1,3-dianiline squarate (a yellow solid), before treating the diester with malononitrile (N≡C−)$_2$CH$_2$ and sodium ethoxide to give the disodium tetrahydrate salt 2Na$^+$·C $_{10}$N $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_2$·4H$_2$O, an orange water-soluble solid. The hydrated salt loses the water below 100 °C, but the resulting anhydrous salt is stable up to 400 °C. Reaction of the sodium salt with salts of other cations in ethanol affords the following salts:
* dipotassium sodium chloride 2K$^+$·Na$^+$·Cl$^−$·K $_2$C $_{10}$N $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_2$·1⁄2CH$_3$CN, orange
* rubidium sodium chloride 7Rb$^+$·Na$^+$·2Cl$^−$·3Rb $_2$C $_{10}$N $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_2$·CH $_3$CH $_2$OH, orange, loses 1 ethanol at 96 °C, stable to 361 °C
* magnesium disodium nitrate, Mg$^{2+}$·2Na$^+$C $_{10}$N $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_2$·NO$^−$ $_3$·6H$_2$O·CH $_3$CH $_2$OH, orange, loses 1 ethanol and 6 H$_2$O at 78 °C, stable to 482 °C
* calcium, Ca$^{2+}$·C $_{10}$N $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_2$·6H$_2$O, purple, dehydrates at 63–102 °C, stable to 468 °C
* barium, Ba$^{2+}$·C $_{10}$N $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_2$·4H$_2$O, orange, dehydrates at 71–96 °C, stable to 457 °C
* tetra-n-butylammonium sodium, 2(C $_4$H $_9$)$_4$N$^+$·2Na$^+$·2Cl$^−$·2C $_{10}$N $_4$O$^{2−}$ $_2$·CH $_3$CH $_2$OH, orange, loses 1 ethanol and 2 tetrabutylammonium at 111 °C, stable to 238 °C
Nuclear magnetic resonance shows that the aromatic character of the squarate core is retained.
# Tony Romandini

Tony (Giuseppe Alexander Antonio) Romandini (27 July 1928 - June 3, 2020) was a Canadian jazz guitarist, composer, arranger, and teacher.
He was born in Montreal, Quebec to Italian immigrants. He started playing guitar at the age of 8, and by 20 years old he was working at the CBC as a session guitarist. In the 1950s he would play heavily in the Montreal Jazz circuit with other well-known musicians including pianists Paul de Margerie, Roland Lavallée and Maury Kaye.
Tony went on to become a first-call jazz session player, playing with jazz legends including Oscar Peterson, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, and many others. Later in his career, Romandini performed in Manuel de Falla's La Vida Breve with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, as well as the Quebec Symphony Orchestra, before finally settling down into teaching at Concordia University (1974–77) and later McGill University (1979–2000). He continued to give guitar lessons at Vanier College in Montreal.
He played a 1949 Epiphone Emperor.

## Discography

* 1962 Tony Romandini Evans Music Corp EMC-LP-33-0644
* 1964 Bella Musica Tony Romandini RCA Gala CGPS-141
* 1965 Guitare de danse/Dance to the Guitar RCA Gala CGPS-197/RCA Camden CAS-936
* 1965 Tony Romandini guitarist, banjo player, composer and six sensational sidemen CTL M-1063
* 1966 The Tony Romandini Quintet CBC LM-19
* 1975 TR guitar CBC LM-407
# Albula Region

Albula Region is one of the eleven administrative districts in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It has an area of 683.51 square kilometers (263.90 sq mi) and a population of 8,175 (as of 31 December 2020). It was created on 1 January 2017 as part of a reorganization of the Canton.
Municipalities in the Albula Region :
| Municipality | Population (31 December 2020) | Area (km$^2$) |
| Albula/Alvra | 1,295 | 93.93 |
| Bergün Filisur | 7,050 | 190.14 |
| Lantsch/Lenz | 560 | 21.81 |
| Schmitten (GR) | 222 | 11.35 |
| Surses | 2,377 | 323.77 |
| Vaz/Obervaz | 2,802 | 42.51 |

## Mergers

* On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Bergün/Bravuogn and Filisur merged into the new municipality of Bergün Filisur.
# Paul Mentré

Paul Mentré (1935–2020) was a French politician and businessman.

## Biography

Mentré is a graduate of the École Polytechnique. He holds a law degree and a DSS (Diplôme d'études supérieures en France [fr]) in economics. After school, he worked for the Inspection générale des finances. In 1971, he was named deputy director of the cabinet of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing; he served until 1973. In 1973, he was appointed Director of Crédit National; he served until 1975. In 1975, he was named general delegate for energy and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Agence pour les économies d'énergie [fr]; he served in both roles until 1978. He was then financial advisor to the French embassy in Canada and the United States and administrator of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; he served in this role until 1981. In 1986, he served as an advisor to René Thomas, then president of the Banque Nationale de Paris. In 1987, he was named Managing Director and then CEO of Crédit National, where he served until 1990. In 1992, he was appointed to head the board of SICAV Valréal, created in 1982 by Paribas, Groupe Banque Populaire, and the Caisse des Dépôts, succeeding André Battestini. In 1995, he was elected President of the Communauté de communes Cœur Côte Fleurie succeeding Pierre Lepeudry; he served until 2008, when he was replaced by Philippe Augier.

## Personal life

He died on January 3, 2020. He had four children: France Mentré, professor of biostatistics, Agnès Mentré-Jacobs, Gilles Mentré, former MD at Lazard Frères and advisor to President Nicolas Sarkozy, and Arnaud Mentré, former Consul General of France in Boston. France Mentré was awarded the Research Prize from Inserm. Agnès Mentre is a former Lazard Frères banker who married Kenneth M. Jacobs and later became a film producer with credits including The Wrestler, the Michael Moore documentary Fahrenheit 9/11, and Wind River.
# Ike Shorunmu

Ike Ibrahim Shorunmu (born 16 October 1967) is a former Nigerian football goalkeeper.

## Career

Shorunmu was born in Lagos. After a few years in Nigeria he moved to play in Switzerland, and made his mark there. He was bought by Turkish club Beşiktaş J.K. in 1999 for $2,400,000 — but they released him as they thought he spent too much time with the national team. Shorunmu later played for other Swiss and Turkish clubs.

## International career

He has been the first-choice goalkeeper of the national team and played at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Shorunmu was brought into the Nigerian national team by coach Clemens Westerhof in 1992.

## Coaching career

Shorunmu has recently served as the national team goalkeeper coach as well as for Enyimba F.C. In 2010 Shorunmu was hired in the same capacity for Heartland F.C.
# Aida Cruz

Aida Cruz (July 5, 1922 – May 20, 2024) was a Filipino architect.

## Life

Born in Laguna in 1922, Cruz's sculptor father, Amado, convinced her to become an architect instead of her original desire to be a dentist. Cruz graduated from the University of Santo Tomas in 1947 with a degree in architecture. She placed seventh in the licensure exam, making her the first registered female architect in the Philippines the next year.
Along with her husband Jose Del Rosario, a civil engineer, Cruz designed about 120 homes, edifices, and hospitals in the Philippines, including parts of the University of Baguio. She died in 2024.

## Legacy

Beyond her work, Cruz is admired because she pursued a career in a male-dominated field at a time when women's rights were just starting to get recognized in the Philippines. Women's suffrage was only allowed in the country in 1937.
# Walking in the Shadow of the Big Man

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | |
Walking in the Shadow of the Big Man is the first full-length album by Marietta, Georgia, band Guadalcanal Diary. The album was released in 1984 and was produced by Don Dixon. It was reissued on CD by Rhino Handmade in 2003, with additional tracks from the Watusi Rodeo EP, the B-side "Johnny B. Goode," and the previously unreleased track "Just an Excuse."

## Critical reception

Trouser Press wrote that the album "presents rocking explorations of several of [singer Murray] Attaway’s pet themes: religious fanaticism ('Why Do the Heathen Rage?'), Civil War mythology ('Trail of Tears') and spontaneous human combustion ('Fire from Heaven')." The Sun Sentinel called it "solid, melodic rock 'n' roll," writing that "thundering drums and tough-talking guitars frame lyrics that condemn war and imperialism."

## Track listing

* "Trail of Tears" - 2:24
* "Fire From Heaven" - 3:52
* "Sleepers Awake" - 3:10
* "Gilbert Takes the Wheel" (instrumental) - 2:32
* "Ghost on the Road" - 2:47
* "Watusi Rodeo" - 2:36
* "Why do the Heathen Rage?" - 3:04
* "Pillow Talk" - 1:57
* "Walking in the Shadow of the Big Man (Part 1)" (instrumental) - 4:34
* "Kum-Ba-Yah (live)" - 3:40

## Bonus Tracks on Limited Edition

* "Johnny B. Goode" - 3:45
* "Michael Rockefeller" - 4:55
* "Liwa Wechi" - 2:51
* "John Wayne" - 3:11
* "Dead Eyes" - 3:19
* "Just an Excuse" - 2:53
# Grant McLean

Grant McLean is a Senior Manager with the Government of Alberta. He is the former Mayor of the City of Airdrie and also a former Aide de Camp to the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta. He is an Officer in the Order of Military Merit (Canada) and in 2005 was awarded the Alberta Centennial Medal.
Grant McLean took his employer, the Government of Alberta, to court for negligent misrepresentation in a matter relating to his pension. In 1982 he left the Canadian Army after 14 years of service to work in a senior management position with the Calgary Correctional Centre. He was assured in writing by the personnel manager who hired him that his military pension was transferable to the province of Alberta's pension plan. That turned out to be wrong. The case was mentioned in the proceedings of the Alberta Legislature. The solicitor general's department did not comment on Grant McLean's claims.
Grant McLean won his case on 13 April 2009.
# Néron differential

In mathematics, a Néron differential, named after André Néron, is an almost canonical choice of 1-form on an elliptic curve or abelian variety defined over a local field or global field. The Néron differential behaves well on the Néron minimal models.
For an elliptic curve of the form
    $y^{2}+a_{1}xy+a_{3}y=x^{3}+a_{2}x^{2}+a_{4}x+a_{6}$
the Néron differential is
    ${\frac {dx}{2y+a_{1}x+a_{3}}}$