OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Operation Martin

Operation Martin (Red) was an Allied clandestine operation of the Second World War to destroy a German airfield control tower at Bardufoss and organise secret military resistance groups in Tromsø in German-occupied Norway in 1943. The operation consisted of twelve Norwegians of the Company Linge group, who had been trained by the British in Scotland and returned to Norway in March 1943.

## Mission
### Team members

* Løytnant Sigurd Eskeland
* Fenrik Jan Baalsrud
* Fenrik Per Blindheim
* Kaptein Sverre Odd Kverhellen
* Erik Reichelt
* Harald Peter Ratvik
* Bjørn Normann Bolstad
* Gabriel Salvesen
* Magnus Johan Kvalvik
* Frithjof M. Haugland
* Sjur Ludvigsen Trovaag
* Alfred A. Vik
* Cyrill J. Banzon

### Failure

This operation was compromised when the Norwegian operatives, seeking a trusted local resistance contact, accidentally met an unaligned civilian shopkeeper with the same name as their contact, who reported them to the Germans. The escape attempt failed when the group's vessel MK Bratholm I was detected and attacked by the German Räumboot R56. To escape, MK Bratholm I was scuttled by its Norwegian crew by detonating 7.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons (8 t) explosives with a time delay fuse. The crew fled in a small boat, which was promptly sunk by the Germans. Eleven Norwegian soldiers from the Company Linge died; one was shot at the site, ten were captured, interrogated and tortured by the Gestapo and then executed in Tromsø. Jan Baalsrud managed to escape from Rebbenesøya to neutral Sweden; his three-month escape was made through Lyngen and Manndalen with the help of local villagers, during which he amputated nine toes to avoid the spread of gangrene.

## Executions

The executions of the prisoners in Tromsø were investigated after the war under the case of Toftefjordsaken (The Toftefjord case). The Gestapo officers who tortured and executed eight of the MK "Bratholm 1" crew were ordered in the late summer of 1945 to dig up the bodies from the mass grave at Grønnåsen Skytebane, first with spades, then by hand, so as to not damage the bodies. They also had to wash the bodies before placing them in coffins. The prosecution after the war became difficult as the main target, Kurt Stage, was not in Norwegian custody. Stage was executed in 1947 in Slovenia for war crimes there; no criminal proceedings were brought against the four others who were charged in the case.

## In popular culture

Two films have been made based on Operation Martin: the 1957 Ni Liv (Nine Lives) and the 2017 Den 12. Mann (The 12th Man). The latter, directed by the Norwegian director Harald Zwart, stars Thomas Gullestad as Jan Baalsrud and Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Kurt Stage.
# Thalikulam

Thalikulam is a village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Thalikulam had a population of 24,180 with 11,140 males and 13,050 females.

## Sights

Snehatheeram, is a park at Thalikulam beach. The beach was selected as the best beach tourism destination by the Kerala Department of Tourism (which also maintains the beach) during the year 2010.
SREE KHANDA KARNA MUTHAPPAN TEMPLE, Vallath temple, Eranezhath temple, Asheri temple, Thalikulagara temple, Pulikkal Bhagavathy temple, Cherkara Durgha devi temple are the main worship attractions.
# Marie Birkl

Marie Birkl (born 1 February 1981) is a Swedish snowboarder. She was born in Mariefred. She competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics, in giant slalom.
# Love of Women

Love of Women is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Whitman Bennett and starring Helene Chadwick, Montagu Love, and Maurice Costello.

## Synopsis

An unscrupulous millionaire schemes to break up a marriage with the aid of a vamp.

## Cast

* Helene Chadwick as Cynthia Redfield
* Montagu Love as Bronson Gibbs
* Maurice Costello as Mr. Redfield
* Mary Thurman as Veerah Vale
* Lawford Davidson as Ernest Herrick
* Marie Shotwell as Eugenie Redfield
* Frank Evans as Frankie

## Preservation

With no prints of Love of Women located in any film archives, it is a lost film.
# Natalya Spiridonova (athlete, born 1963)

Natalya Spiridonova (born 6 April 1963) is a Russian former athlete who specialized in racewalking. She competed in the 5000 metres race walk, 10 kilometres race walk and 20 kilometres race walk for the Soviet Union. She competed at the European Athletics Indoor Championships in 1988 European Athletics Indoor Championships, where she placed sixth in the women's 3000 metres walk event. She also took part in the 1986 Goodwill Games where she competed in the 10 kilometers walk event. She had her best ranking in the 5 km race walk in the 1988 World Year Ranking, where she was ranked third. In 1983, Natalya won gold at the 1983 Soviet Athletics Championships in the 10 Kilometres race walk.
# Consalazinic acid

Consalazinic acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C$_{18}$H$_{14}$O$_{10}$. It is classified as a depsidone and is a secondary metabolite produced by a variety of lichens.
Consalazinic acid was first isolated from Parmotrema subisidiosum and described in 1980. It has since been identified in many other lichens.
# Grant E. Mouser

Grant Earl Mouser (September 11, 1868 – May 6, 1949) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio for two terms from 1905 to 1909.
He was the father of Grant E. Mouser Jr., who also became a United States Congressman from Ohio.

## Biography

Born in LaRue, Ohio, Mouser attended the LaRue Union Schools and Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio. He graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1890 and was admitted to the bar the same year. He commenced practice of law in Marion, Ohio, where he served as prosecuting attorney of Marion County from 1893 to 1896. He served as a delegate to many state conventions.

### Family and personal life

Mouser was the son of Justus and Sara (DeLong) Mouser.
Mouser married Della E. Ridgway, of LaRue, November 28, 1892. They had three children: Helena, Grant Earl Jr., and Annabel.
Mouser was a member of the Presbyterian Church, B.P.O.E., K. of P. and I.O.O.F.

### Congress

In 1904 Mouser ran for and was elected as a Republican to the 59th Congress. He successfully ran for re-election in 1906, serving in the 60th Congress.

### Later career

He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1908 to the 61st Congress.
After the election, he resumed practicing law in Marion until his retirement in 1935. He also served as delegate to the 1908 Republican National Convention. From 1916 to 1925, he served as a judge in the Court of Common Pleas of Marion County.

### Harding patrimony controversy

Mouser cross-examined Nan Britton in Britton's lawsuit (Britton v. Klunk), in which she claimed that the late U.S. President Warren G. Harding was the father of her daughter Elizabeth Ann Blaesing. Britton was unable to provide any concrete evidence, and was shaken by the vicious personal attacks made by Mouser, which cost her the case. Carl Sferrazza Anthony, author of Florence Harding, a biography of Harding's wife, wrote that court transcripts in Toledo, Ohio, show that Mouser referred to Britton as a "degenerate and pervert", and "brought (Florence Kling Harding) in by using Warren's 'love of his good wife' against a 'distorted... deranged... demented... [and] diabolical' Nan who had no respect for the marriage tie...."
DNA testing in 2015 confirmed that Blaesing was indeed Harding's daughter.

### Death

Mouser died in Marion, Ohio, May 6, 1949 and is interred in Marion Cemetery.
# Charles H. Mason

Charles H. Mason (1830 – July 29, 1859) was an American politician, the first Secretary of State for Washington Territory, and acting Governor for two and a half years while the territorial Governor, Isaac Ingalls Stevens, conducted railroad surveys and concluded treaties with First Nations tribes and confederations.
Mason was born in 1830 in Fort Washington, Maryland. After the death of his father in 1837, he moved with his mother to her home town of Providence, Rhode Island. Mason graduated with honors from Brown University in 1850 and was recommended for the bar shortly after. Following the establishment of Washington Territory in March 1853, Mason was appointed Secretary of the Territory and came west, arriving in September 1853.
As Acting Governor he served the state in time of war, from October 1855 to January 1856, as hostilities between settlers and First Nations peoples erupted in Snohomish, King, Pierce, and Thurston counties. Historians assess his efforts during this time as "marked with energy, decision, and wisdom." Mason called for volunteers, maintained peaceful relations with non-hostile bands, and treated all parties with fairness. From May 15, 1855, Mason assisted Stevens in the negotiations of the Medicine Creek and Point No Point Treaties and was credited as the secretary of the treaty commissions. Mason transported documents to the nation's capital and secured $300,000 for territorial aid.
In all he served four stints as acting Governor:
* March 26, 1854 – December 1854
* May 12, 1855 – January 19, 1856: Gov. Stevens was in eastern Washington to establish treaties.
* August 1857 – September 1857: Gov. Stevens resigned to become the delegate in Congress for Washington Territory. Mason acted as governor until Gov. Fayette McMullen arrived.
* August 1858 – July 1859: Gov. McMullen was removed from office. Mason acted as governor until Gov. Richard D. Gholson arrived.
Mason died after a brief illness at Olympia, Washington Territory. Isaac Stevens gave his eulogy at the funeral. His burial location was established by the Washington state Archivist from the primary source material and his grave marked in 1997 following an extensive search.
Mason County, Washington was renamed in 1864 in his honor. Mason Lake, in that county, was also named for him.
# Oakland, San Leandro and Hayward Electric Railway

The Oakland, San Leandro and Hayward Electric Railway (OSL&H) was an electric street railroad in the East Bay of California. It connected Hayward to Oakland along the 14th Street and Mission Boulevard. Tracks were laid with a narrow gauge using 35-pound rails, with operations beginning in May 1892. Transfers were made available to the Highland Park and Fruit Vale Railroad Company's cars, and to the cars of the Central Avenue Railway streetcar line. Oakland's terminus was extended to First and Washington the following March. A new company was established to build the 23rd Avenue branch, which would be absorbed into the OSL&H in 1894. By 1907, the line had been converted to standard gauge except for one mile of tracks leading into downtown Hayward, which was similarly converted the following year.
Starting in 1896, the railway inaugurated the country's first piggybacking freight service. The company stationed horse-drawn wagons in San Francisco which gathered up parcels during the day, rode those to a depot, loaded those into heavier and larger wagons, and then sent on ferry running to Oakland. In Oakland, the wagons were driven two blocks and loaded into a waiting express train of flat cars specially designed for the transportation of loaded wagons. Upon arrival at the destination towns, the wagons were lowered from the cars and unloaded normally. A special electric locomotive was built at the company's shops in Elmhurst to pull the train of loaded cars. The car was designed to be capable of pulling a 30-ton load over a 5% grade, though was given the outward appearance similar to the passenger cars on the line, in this way inviting less criticism by reason of the train passing through the principal business streets. This service was very short lived, ending in March of that year.
The company passed into the hands of Oakland Transit Company in 1901. Service in Hayward ended on March 10, 1935, though tracks were retained in Oakland as far as 105th Avenue for local Key System streetcars.

## Route

The Oakland, San Leandro and Hayward Electric line began at First and Washington Streets in Oakland. At Washington and Thirteenth streets it ran eastward beyond the city limit, and along the county road through Pittsville, Melrose, Fitchburg, Elmhurst, San Leandro, to Hayward. At San Lorenzo Junction a branch road terminated at San Lorenzo Grove. Another branch passed up Twenty-third avenue.
# Gustavo Cardoso

Gustavo Cardoso is Full Professor of Communication Sciences at ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute, Portugal and a member of the Innovation Lab Annenberg School of Communication and World Internet Project both based at the University of Southern California. He was also a visiting professor at the IN3 in Barcelona and Directeur d'Études Associes at FMSH Paris. Currently he directs the Doctoral Program in Communication Sciences at ISCTE-IUL and the Postdegree in Journalism in the same institution. He is also member of the Board of OberCom (Communication Observatory) and OBS Journal Editor (http://obs.obercom.pt). His reflection analysis on politics, economics and Portuguese culture include "O Poder de Mudar" (Tinta da China, 2014) and "Inovar Portugal: 20 ideas para 2020" (Campo das letras, 2005). His research in the communication studies include "The Media in the Network Society" (Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Portugal; FGV in Brazil, and UOC Press in Spain) and the edited volumes "Network Society : From Knowledge to Policy "(Johns Hopkins University, 2006)," World Wide Internet: Changing Societies, Economies and Culture 's (University of Macau Press, 2010.) "Aftermath" (Oxford University Press 2012 ), "A Sociedade dos Ecrãs" (Tinta da China, 2013), "Piracy Cultures" (IJOC, 2014), "O livro, o leitor e a leitura digital" (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2015) and "A Sociedade em Rede em Portugal: uma década de transição" (Almedina, 2015). Since 2013 he is a member of the research network "The Crisis of Europe", hosted by the College d'Études Mondiales, on the political, cultural and economic changes underway in European societies and in the European Union. Regular columnist in the Portuguese newspaper Público he also comments weekly in the News Channel TVI24 on emerging issues in the current political, economic and cultural dimensions.

## Recent publications

* Cardoso, Gustavo and Di Fátima, Branco (2013), Movimento em rede e protestos no Brasil. Qual gigante acordou?, Revista Eco-Pós, Dossiê Mídia, Intelectuais e Política, Vol. 16, N.º 2, Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ.
* Cardoso, Gustavo, João Caraça, Rita Espanha and Sandro Mendonça (2010), "The Politics of Open Access", in Dutton, William H. e Paul W. Jeffreys, World Wide Research - Reshaping the Sciences and Humanities. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
* Cardoso, Gustavo e Rita Espanha (2009), "The Users' Shaping of Networked Communication", in J. Pierson, E.A. Mante-Meijer, E.F. Loos & B. Sapio (org.), (2009) Innovation for/by users. Brussel, COST-Opoce.
* World Wide Internet: Changing Societies, Economies and Cultures. Cardoso, Gustavo, Angus Cheong e Jeffrey Cole (eds.) (2009), Macau, University of Macau.
# Craiglockhart Castle

Craiglockhart Castle is a ruined tower house in the Craiglockhart district of Edinburgh, Scotland.

## Background

It is situated in the Craiglockhart Campus of Edinburgh Napier University, to the north of Wester Craiglockhart Hill. Historic Scotland said that the tower was built by the Lockharts of Lee in the 15th century, and other sources state that it was the work of the Kincaid family during the 12th century. It was originally four storeys high, of which only the first and part of the second storey remain. The tower measures 8.7 by 7.5 metres (29 by 25 ft), and the walls are 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) thick.
The ruin is protected as a scheduled monument.
# List of airports in Barishal Division, Bangladesh

Barishal division of Bangladesh has only two airports. One of them is a domestic airport and the other one is abandoned.

## Contents

Category of airport :
| Category | Description |
| International | Handles international and domestic flights |
| Domestic | Handles domestic flights |
| STOLport | Short take off and landing airports |
| Defence | Military airbase |
| Abandoned | Abandoned or unused airport |
| Flying school | An airfield or an airstrip used to train commercial pilots |
| Airport Functional Status | Description |
| Operational | Implies airport has active commercial service for public use airports |
| Non operational | Implies airport currently has no active commercial service but had or will have commercial service |
| Proposed or under construction | Implies airport is proposed or under construction |

## List

| Location served | Airport name | ICAO | IATA | Category | Role | Coordinates |
| Barishal | Barishal Airport | VGBR | BZL | Domestic | Operational | 22°48′04″N 90°18′04″E﻿ / ﻿22.80111°N 90.30111°E﻿ / 22.80111; 90.30111﻿ (Barisal Airport) |
| Patuakhali | Patuakhali Airport | — | — | Abandoned | Non Operational | 22°22′33″N 90°19′20″E﻿ / ﻿22.37583°N 90.32222°E﻿ / 22.37583; 90.32222﻿ (Patuakhali Airport) |
# Ramakant Angle

Ramakant Angle is an Indian Politician from the state of Goa. He was a member of the 13th Lok Sabha. He represented the South Goa Lok Sabha constituency between 1999-2004. He was member of Bharatiya Janata Party but later he joined the Indian National Congress.
# Catlin

Catlin may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Albertus W. Catlin (1868–1933), US Marine Corps Brigadier General & Medal of Honor recipient
* Charles A. Catlin (1849-1916), American chemist and inventor
* Charles L. Catlin (1842-1901), American lawyer and politician
* David Catlin (born 1952), American mathematician
* George Catlin (1796–1872), American painter
* George Catlin (political scientist) (1896–1979), English academic and politician
* John Catlin (politician) (1803–1874), acting governor of the Wisconsin Territory
* Karen Catlin (born 1963), American technology executive and advocate
* Kelly Catlin (1995–2019), American racing cyclist
* Mark Catlin, Jr. (1910-1986), American politician, lawyer
* Mark Catlin, Sr. (1882–1956) American football coach, politician, lawyer
* Nathaniel Catelyn (c.1589-1637), politician and judge in Ireland
* Sir Nevill Catlin (1634-1702), English landowner and politician
* Nicholas Catlin (born 1989), English hockey player
* Norman Catlin (1918–1941), English footballer
* Paul Catlin (1948-1995), American mathematician, graph theory
* Stanton Catlin (1915-1997), American art historian
* Steven David Catlin (born 1944), American serial killer
* Ted Catlin (1910–1990), English footballer

## Places
### New Zealand

* The Catlins, an area of New Zealand

### United States

* Catlin Township, Marion County, Kansas
* Catlin, Illinois, a village in Vermilion County, Illinois
* Catlin, Indiana, an unincorporated community in Parke County
* Catlin, New York, a town in Chemung County, New York

## Other

* Catlin (surgery), an archaic medical instrument
* The Catlin Gabel School, a private school southwest of Portland, Oregon
* The Catlins (TV series), on the TBS cable network
* Catlin Group Limited, an international specialty insurance and reinsurance company
* Chris Cattlin (born 1946), English footballer
* Mt Cattlin mine, mine in Western Australia
# Knollcrest, Connecticut

Knollcrest is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of New Fairfield, Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is in the northeastern part of the town, on a peninsula on the western side of Candlewood Lake. It is bordered to the northeast, across Squantz Cove, by Bogus Hill.
Knollcrest was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. The community was established in 1936.

## Windmill

Knollcrest is known for its Dutch-style windmill. It was constructed in 1936 as a functional water pump. The structure is 80 feet tall and houses a 3,000 gallon copper water tank. The windmill currently serves as the main office for the community. It was commissioned by the Homelander Company and was designed by Charles A. Federer.
# Ebba Hay

Ebba Hay (11 December 1866 – 26 May 1954) was a Swedish tennis player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. She and her partner Frans Möller were eliminated in the first round of the indoor mixed doubles.
# Janez Janša (visual artist)

Žiga Kariž (born in 1973 as Žiga Kariž in Ljubljana, changed his name to Janez Janša in 2008, but again changed his name back to Žiga Kariž in 2012) is one of the three contemporary artists who in 2007 changed their names to Janez Janša, the name of the Slovenian right-wing politician Janez Janša. He is a visual artist.
His main focus is more in the ideology of painting itself rather than in expanding the field of painting. He represents the younger generation of artists, who problematise the field of painting through the use of media image and a free relationship with various technological processes. He deconstructs the social role of painting and the position of the viewer. The theme of his paintings is often media, especially film, which continues to shape his perception most today.
In 2003, at the Venice Biennale he hung his paintings in the homes of temporary owners and the paintings had built-in cameras that transmitted images to the gallery in real time. These were paintings from the series titled Terror=decor, which examines how both media and artistic imagery, especially modern imagery, changes into décor in the service of capitalism.
In September 2008, Mladina published a biography of the tree Janez Janšas and a month later he co-edited together with Janez Janša (director) and Janez Janša (performance artist) the book NAME Readymade.
# Mariusz Pawelec

Mariusz Pawelec (born 14 April 1986) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a defender. He currently serves as an assistant coach of Śląsk Wrocław II.

## Honours

Śląsk Wrocław
* Ekstraklasa: 2011–12
* Polish Super Cup: 2012
* Ekstraklasa Cup: 2008–09
Śląsk Wrocław II
* III liga, group III: 2019–20
* IV liga Lower Silesia East: 2018–19
# Billie Castle

Billie Castle is a ruined 15th-century quadrangular castle, 3 miles (4.8 km) north west of Chirnside, Scottish Borders, Scotland, north of Billiemains. It was designated as a scheduled monument in 1988.

## History

The property was owned by the Dunbars. Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus sheltered here in 1528 whilst his castle of Tantallon was being unsuccessfully besieged by James V of Scotland, the Angus family having acquired it in 1435. The Renton family were granted the castle in 1540, after it had been annexed by the Crown, but it was slighted by the forces of the Earl of Hertford in May 1544 after they had burnt Edinburgh. The castle was held against the English again, and in February 1548 Hugh Willoughby was sent with Thomas Carlisle and 50 horsemen by Grey of Wilton to captured "Billie tower". 10 men dismounted and took the "barbican" from a guard of four Scots.
James VI of Scotland alarmed the English garrison at Berwick-upon-Tweed by coming to hunt near Berwick-upon-Tweed in March 1596, staying a night the house of the laird of 'Beelleys' (Billie Castle), six miles from Berwick, and then returning to Dunglass. John Carey, 3rd Baron Hunsdon noted that the laird and lady of Billie were not in residence.
More substantial remains were visible up to the 19th century.

## Structure

Billie Castle appears to have been a strong quadrangular keep, about 50 feet (15 m) by 40 feet (12 m), with walls over 7 feet (2.1 m) thick. An outer wall surrounded the keep. It occupied a platform about 41 by 31 metres (135 by 102 ft) that was protected by a single ditch 8 metres (26 ft) wide and 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) deep on three sides. On the south side, there were double ditches that may have been flooded by means of earthen dams at both ends of a natural gully just south of the enclosure. It is thought that the building had three storeys, with the upper ones being reached by a narrow stone stair in the north west angle. There were two rounded towers at the southernmost angles of the keep. Within the quadrangle are remnants of a tower and the gatehouse. Large, squared, red sandstone blocks were used in the construction. The castle is now a turf-covered mound 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) high that covers an area of 16 square metres (170 sq ft).
East of the castle there are the remains of a kiln, and two enclosures each of which contain traces of rectangular foundations.