OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Kandov

Alexander Kandov (Bulgarian: Александър Кандов) (b. Sofia, Bulgaria, 1949) is a Bulgarian composer.

## Biography

Kandov attended the Bulgarian State Academy of Music, and studied Composition under Dimitar Tapkoff and Piano under Liuba Obretenova.
He worked as a music editor at the Bulgarian National Radio and at Musica Publishing House, and lectured in Polyphony at the Bulgarian State Academy of Music.
From 1982 to 1990, he was Chairman of the Young Composers’ Section at the Union of Bulgarian Composers.
Throughout his career as a composer, his works have been commissioned for the recording company Balkanton and for Bulgarian National Radio.
Since 1990, he has lived in Spain, where he continues to compose and teach.

## Works
### Stage music

Monodrama, lyrics by R. Akugatawa (1983) A Cube Game (musical for children) Tragnal kos (A Blackbird Embarked on a Journey) (ballet) Short Gramophone Tales

### Orchestral music

Youth Symphony (1976) Sonata for Orchestra (1979) Epitaphs for violin, orchestra and organ, after poems by Teodor Trayanov (1981) Music for Orchestra (1985) Ode for soprano, alto, baritone, organ and orchestra (1987) Apotheosis for tenor and orchestra (1988)

### Chamber music

Endurance for two voices, viola, flute, French horn and piano, on poems by Emily Dickinson (1979) Procession for flute, French horn and harp (1995)

### Piano music

Variants, a cycle (1975) Night Butterflies (1993) Concerto for two pianos (1983) Fabliau after pictures by Nikolay Maystorov for 5 pianos (1994)

### Organ music

Sonata (1976)

### Electronic and electroacoustic music

Heterotempi (1981) Crystals Of The Zodiac for marimba, piano and tape (1989)
# John S. Toll

John Sampson Toll (October 25, 1923 – July 15, 2011) was an American physicist and educational administrator.

## Education

Toll received his bachelor's degree in physics from Yale University in 1944, after which he served in the U.S. Navy in World War II. He finished his Ph.D. in physics at Princeton in 1952.

## Career

He then moved to the University of Maryland, where he became chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy in 1953. During his tenure as chair, he was responsible for a major increase in size and quality of the department. The physics building at the University of Maryland is named for him.
In 1965 he left to become the second president of the State University of New York at Stony Brook, a position he held until 1978. While he was there, Stony Brook University, one of four SUNY centers created by then-governor Nelson Rockefeller (briefly Vice President of the United States under Gerald Ford), and, until recently, the only four allowed to call themselves "universities", grew to more than 17,000 students from a handful who started their academic careers before the campus was even finished, at the now-defunct State University of New York on Long Island (SUCOLI).
He then returned to the University of Maryland to become president of the original five campuses of the University of Maryland. Comparable to a chancellor position in other state university systems, at the time Toll oversaw the University of Maryland, College Park, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, University of Maryland University College, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore, and University of Maryland at Baltimore. When Governor William Donald Schaefer decided to merge most of the state's public universities into a single system, Toll was put in charge of the merger. He then became the first chancellor of the new University System of Maryland.
In 1995, at age 71, he became president of Washington College, a small, private liberal arts school in Chestertown, Maryland. There, he was credited with fixing the school's budget crisis and raising its national profile.
As a physicist, Toll was known for his work in dispersion theory and elementary particle physics. Between university jobs in the early 1990s, he was president of the Universities Research Association which oversaw the U.S. Superconducting Supercollider project until Congress defunded it. In January 2004, he announced that he would leave Washington College and return to physics research at the University of Maryland.

## Personal life

He married the former Deborah Taintor, and they had two daughters. Toll died on July 15, 2011, of respiratory failure at Fox Hill Assisted Living in Bethesda, Maryland.
# Drumnakilly

Drumnakilly (Irish: Droim na Coille, "Ridge of the Wood").) is a small village and townland between Carrickmore and Omagh in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 114 people. The townland is situated in the historic barony of Strabane Upper and the civil parish of Termonmaguirk and covers an area of 1,352 acres. It lies within the Omagh District Council area.

## History
### The Troubles

On 30 August 1988 a Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) detachment was ambushed by the British Army in Drumnakilly whilst attempting to kill an off-duty member of the Ulster Defence Regiment, leading to the deaths of the IRA members.

## Demography

The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:
| Year | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 |
| Population | 541 | 415 | 370 | 368 | 381 | 301 |
| Houses | 91 | 66 | 62 | 62 | 70 | 61 |
# William Sandeman

William Sandeman (1722 in Luncarty, Scotland – 1790 in Perth, Scotland) was a leading Perthshire linen and later cotton manufacturer. For instance in 1782 alone, Perthshire produced 1.7 million yards of linen worth £81,000. Linen manufacture became by the 1760s a major Scottish industry, second only to agriculture.
William was born in 1722 in Luncarty just north of Perth, Scotland the fifth child of David Sandeman and his second wife Margaret Ramsay. William with his first wife Christina Fleming had two children. With his second wife Mary Anderson he had a further 14 children (five of whom married five of the 20 children of Hector Turnbull, his bleachfield's business partner). In 1740, Robert and William Sandeman started a weaving business together, though Robert's expanding church duties in Dundee and Edinburgh removed him from the family business. William was exposed to the Glasite faith after the Perth meeting house first opened in 1733. He was later elected an elder of the Perth congregation for several years. In this position, he was expected to lead the congregation in both the worship and community service. As part of his Glasite obligations, he journeyed with his brother Robert in the first attempt to form a London Sandemanian congregation in 1761. When Robert extracted himself from the family business, William found another willing partner in Hector Turnbull. He was buried in the Greyfriars graveyard Perth with the inscription "William Sandeman manufacturer Perth and bleacher at Luncarty".

## Linen manufacture and spinning around Perth

He manufactured linen in Perth and nearby Luncarty, for instance with an order of 12,000 to 15,000 yards of "Soldiers' shirting". In 1752 he leveled 12 acres (49,000 m$^2$) of bleachfields in Luncarty. By 1790 when William died, the Luncarty bleachfields covered 80 acres (320,000 m$^2$) and processed 500,000 yards of cloth annually.

## Linen spinning in the north of Scotland

In the early 1760s, William Sandeman opened two further linen centres: Milntown (now Milton) in Easter Ross and Fortrose on the Black Isle near Inverness. By 1765, these had almost 1000 spinners.

## Cotton spinning

By the 1780s, cotton was replacing linen. In November 1784, Sandeman visited Lancashire cotton mills and Richard Arkwright the inventor who had pioneered cotton-spinning machinery in Derbyshire. Sandeman, Arkwright and others established the Tay River–powered cotton mill in Stanley (just north of Luncarty, Perthshire) in 1786/7 with 3200 spindles.
# Terry Williams (wide receiver)

Terry Williams (born April 8, 1996) is an American professional football wide receiver and kick returner who is a free agent. He most recently played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the UT Martin Skyhawks.

## College career
### Itawamba Community College

Williams first played college football for the Itawamba Community College Indians from 2016 to 2017. In 2017, he recorded 1,095 receiving yards and became the program's all-time leading receiver.

### Tennessee-Martin

On December 20, 2017, it was announced that Williams had signed a National Letter of Intent to play for the UT Martin Skyhawks in 2018. He played in 23 games in two seasons for the program where he had 125 catches for 1,317 yards and six touchdowns. He also had 40 punt returns for 608 yards and two touchdowns.

## Professional career
### Ottawa Redblacks

On January 18, 2021, it was announced that Williams had signed with the Ottawa Redblacks. He was released following training camp on July 29, 2021, but re-signed with the team on September 12, 2021, and was placed on the practice roster. He later played in his first professional game on October 23, 2021, against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, where he had seven punt returns for 62 yards and four kickoff returns for 66 yards. He played in two regular season games before returning to the practice roster. He re-signed with the team for the 2022 season on November 20, 2021.
In 2022, Williams opened the season as the team's primary punt and kick returner and played in the first nine games where he led the league with 36 kickoff returns for 914 yards and also had 31 punt returns for 306 yards. Following the signing of DeVonte Dedmon, Williams was placed on the injured list on August 26, 2022, as a healthy scratch.

### BC Lions

On September 4, 2022, it was announced that Williams had been traded to the BC Lions in exchange for a third-round selection in the 2023 CFL Draft and a conditional selection in the 2024 CFL Draft. He played in eight games with the Lions where he had 36 punt returns for 336 yards, 25 kickoff returns for 612 yards, and six missed field goal returns for 216 yards.
In 2023, Williams played in 18 regular season games where he had 74 punt returns for 878 yards, 57 kickoff returns for 1,315 yards, and six missed field goal returns for 239 yards and one touchdown. In the 2024 season, he again played in 18 regular season games where he recorded 65 punt returns for 746 yards and 57 kickoff returns for 1,335 yards. He was released in the following off-season on December 23, 2024.

## Personal life

Williams was born to parents Angular Williams and Torris Robinson. He has four siblings, Tia, Tamare, Montez, and Lashanda.
# Erikub Atoll

Erikub Atoll (Marshallese: Ādkup,) is an uninhabited coral atoll of fourteen islands in the Pacific Ocean, located in the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is only 1.53 square kilometers (0.59 sq mi), but it encloses a lagoon with an area of 230 square kilometers (89 sq mi). It is located slightly south of Wotje.

## History

The first recorded sighting of Erikub Atoll by Europeans was on 29 June 1566 by the Spanish galleon San Jerónimo then commanded by pilot Lope Martín. However, it is likely that it had already been previously sighted by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos between December 1542 and January 1543. Lope Martín, who had been pilot of the patache San Lucas on its voyage from New Spain to the Philippines the previous year, had on this occasion mutinied with a gang of twenty six sailors and soldiers and murdered the San Jerónimo's captain, Pero Sánchez Pericón. The conspirators, including Martín, were later marooned on the Namonuito Atoll.
Erikub Atoll was claimed by the German Empire along with the rest of the Marshall Islands in 1885. After World War I, the island came under the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan. The base became part of the vast US Naval Base Marshall Islands. Following the end of World War II, Erikub came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The island has been part of the independent Republic of the Marshall Islands since 1986.

## Ecology

Loj island, within the atoll, is a nesting site of the green turtle.
# Saint-Ulric

Saint-Ulric (French pronunciation:) is a municipality in the Regional County Municipality of La Matanie, in the province of Quebec, Canada. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 1,567.
On January 12, 2000, the Village Municipality of Saint-Ulric and Parish Municipality of Saint-Ulric-de-Matane were merged to form the Municipality of Rivière-Blanche, renamed to Saint-Ulric on November 11, 2000.

## Demographics
### Language

| Mother tongue (2021) | Population | Pct (%) |
| French only | 1,530 | 97.5% |
| English only | 15 | 1.0% |
| Both English and French | 10 | 0.6% |
| Other languages | 10 | 0.6% |
# James Wilfred McKinley

James Wilfred McKinley (April 24, 1857 – May 11, 1918) was city attorney of Los Angeles, California, and a judge of the Superior Court in that state as well as a regent of the University of California.

## Personal

McKinley was born on April 24, 1857, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, to Samuel McKinley and Harriet Newell Simpson McKinley. He was educated in a New Castle public school, and he attended the University of Pennsylvania (1876–77) and the University of Michigan (1877–79), where he was graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree. He came to California in 1883.
He was married to Lillian Elder on October 7, 1886, and they had a son, James W. McKinley Jr. The older McKinley was a member of the Jonathan Club, the University Club, the Masons and the Knights Templar. He was also a member of the Sunset Club and the Union League clubs of Los Angeles and of San Francisco.
McKinley died of a paralytic stroke in his home, 508 West Adams Street, on May 11, 1918. A funeral service at St. John's Church drew hundreds of attendees. Interment was at Inglewood Cemetery.

## Vocation

In 1881 he was admitted to the bar in New Castle, and two years later he came to California and formed a law partnership with J.F. Hutton. After Hutton's death, McKinley became a partner with W.T. Williams. McKinley was elected city attorney in 1884, was reelected in 1886 and served until 1888.
In 1889 he was appointed judge in the Superior Court and then was elected to the post, serving until January 1897.
As an attorney, he represented the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Pacific Electric Railway. He was on the board of directors of the Commercial National Bank and the Market and Produce Bank.
McKinley went into politics and was chairman of the California delegation to the 1904 Republican National Convention, and he was chairman of the California Republican Convention of 1906.
In 1903 he was appointed a regent of the University of California.
# Period Products (Free Provision) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022

The Period Products (Free Provision) (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 received Royal assent on 12 May 2022 and requires all public bodies to provide provision of free period products.

## History

In 2021, the Scottish Parliament passed the Period Products (Free Provision) (Scotland) Act 2021. Following that, the assembly passed Pat Catney's private members' bill in the Northern Ireland Assembly to provide similar provision in the Northern Ireland.
Period product became available free of charge on 13 May 2024.
In May 2023, the money allocated to providing free period products was cut by 40% due to funding cuts in the budget from the Northern Ireland Office.
# Irene del Río

Irene del Río Peláez (born 6 October 1991) is a Spanish former footballer who played club football for Real Oviedo and Barcelona, and also represented Spain at under-17 and under-19 youth international levels.

## Club career

Del Río played for Real Oviedo for 12 seasons, and was later the team's captain. She made her debut for Oviedo in the Superliga Femenina at the age of 15. In 2011, she won the Quini award for being the top Asturian goal scorer in the 2010–11 season, and also the Women's Draft Football Award for best under-20 player.
In June 2015, she signed for Primera División champions Barcelona. She was the second Asturian to play for Barcelona, after Montse Tomé. She played for Barcelona in the 2015–16 UEFA Women's Champions League, where they reached the quarter finals before being beaten by Paris Saint-Germain Féminine. She came on as a substitute in the first leg of the quarter final, which finished 0–0. She was in the Barcelona team that lost the 2016 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol Final to Atlético Madrid Femenino, and won the 2017 Final. Whilst she was playing for Barcelona, they finished second in the 2015–16 and 2016–17 Primera División seasons.

## International career

Del Río has played for Spain under-17s and Spain under-19s. She made her debut for Spain under-17s at the age of 15. In 2009, she trained with the under-19 team at La Ciudad del Fútbol. At the time, she had previously appeared in under-19 matches against France under-19s and Lithuania under-19s. In 2011, del Río was called up to the senior squad; she was the only player in the squad who did not play in the Primera División, as Real Oviedo played in the Segunda División Pro at the time. Del Río was in the extended pre-squad list for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada, but was not selected in the final squad for the tournament.

## Post-playing career

After retiring from football, del Río worked as a physical trainer for FC Barcelona Femení during the 2019–20 season.

## Personal life

Del Río is from Asturias, Spain. At school, she was the only girl who played football. As a youngster, del Río undertook rhythmic gymnastics.
# Tuczempy

Tuczempy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jarosław, within Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Jarosław and 54 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Henry D. Williams

Henry D. Williams (c. 1893 in Utica, Oneida County, New York – August 7, 1934 in Utica, Oneida Co., NY) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

He graduated from Cornell University. He practiced law in Utica.
Williams was a member of the New York State Assembly (Oneida Co., 1st D.) in 1918. In June 1918, he joined the United States Marine Corps to fight in World War I.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (36th D.) from 1925 to 1930, sitting in the 148th, 149th, 150th, 151st, 152nd and 153rd New York State Legislatures.
Williams was found dead of heart disease in his law office in Utica, New York, in the morning of August 7, 1934.
# Ptinidae

Ptinidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Bostrichoidea. There are at least 220 genera and 2,200 described species in Ptinidae worldwide. The family includes spider beetles and deathwatch beetle, as well as the cigarette, drugstore and furniture beetles.
The Ptinidae family species are hard to identify because they are so small, and they have a compact body structure. They also have similar morphologies within the genera and species of the family.
There are three main groups in the superfamily Bostrichoidea: Bostrichidae, Anobiidae, and Ptinidae. These have undergone frequent changes in hierarchical classification since their inception. They have been treated as a single family, three independent families, the two families Bostrichidae and Anobiidae, or the two families Bostrichidae and Ptinidae. More recent literature treats these as the two families Bostrichidae and Ptinidae, with Anobiidae a subfamily of Ptinidae (Anobiinae).
Spider beetles are so named because they look like spiders. Some species have long legs, antennae that can seem like an additional pair of legs, and a body shape that may appear superficially like that of a spider.
Deathwatch beetles are named because of a clicking noise that two (and possibly more) species tend to make in the walls of houses and other buildings. This clicking noise is designed to communicate with potential mates, but has historically caused fear of impending death during times of plague and sickness.

## Pests

The larvae of a number of Ptinidae species tend to bore into wood, earning them the name "woodworm" or "wood borer". Several species are pests, causing damage to wooden furniture, house structures, tobacco, and dried food products. The deathwatch beetles Xestobium rufovillosum, Hemicoelus carinatus, and Hemicoelus gibbicollis are economically significant pests, damaging flooring, joists, and other timber in housing.
The "furniture beetle", Anobium punctatum, is a species that is often found emerging from in-home wood furnishings. The "drugstore beetle", Stegobium paniceum, is known to infest a variety of stored materials, including bread, flour, cereal, prescription drugs, strychnine powder, packaged foods, and even Egyptian tombs.
The "cigarette beetle," Lasioderma serricorne, is a widespread and destructive pest of harvested and manufactured tobacco. Damage and economic losses from L. serricorne infestations were estimated by the USDA to be 0.7% of the total warehoused tobacco commodity in 1971.
# Carmen Vial Freire Dows

Carmen Vial Dows (née Carmen Vial Freire, formerly Carmen Vial Browne and Carmen Vial de Señoret) (March 28, 1904 – January 1978) was a Chilean diplomat who served as the Ambassador to the Netherlands.

## Early life

Carmen Viale Freire was born in Santiago, Chile on March 28, 1904, into an aristocratic family and was educated by English and French governesses. She was one of eight children born to Donna Carolina Freire Valdés and Don Pedro Daniel del Carmen Vial Carvallo. Her father was a founder of the La Granja, its first mayor, and deputy for San Fernando from 1906 to 1909.
Her paternal grandfather was Alejandro Vial Guzmán, the Chilean Minister of Finance from 1856 to 1857 under Manuel Montt. Through her mother, she was a great-granddaughter of Ramón Freire, the first President of Chile. Her maternal grandfather was Francisco Freire Caldera, the Minister of Foreign Affairs under José Manuel Balmaceda.

## Career

Upon the death of her second husband in 1941, Carmen joined the Chilean Diplomatic Corps and she began serving as Cultural attaché in the Embassy of Chile, Washington, D.C. before becoming consul in Boston a year and a half later. While in Boston, she studied Economics and International Trade at Harvard University.
In 1944, she was a Chilean representative to the Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, the gathering of 730 delegates from all the Allied nations to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II.
In 1947, during the presidency of Gabriel González Videla, she was appointed the Chilean Ambassador to the Netherlands, serving in The Hague until 1950. She later served in her country's delegation to the Plenary Session of the United Nations.

## Personal life

Carmen was married three times. Her first marriage was to Chilean architect Luis Browne Fernández (1898–1944), best known for designing the Presidential Palace of Cerro Castillo. Before their divorce, they were the parents of:
* Luis Fernando Vial Browne (1930–2022), he married Edith Gammack of New York, daughter of Thomas Hubbard Gammack and Mrs. William Douglas Burden, in 1957. They divorced in 1971 and he married Nathalie Kuhn in 1974.
Her second marriage was to Octavio de Señoret, who was a governor and parliamentarian. He was the son of Manuel Señoret Astaburuaga and María Mercedes Silva. In 1939, he was appointed Chilean Ambassador to the United Kingdom and they moved to London where they lived through World War II and she joined the Red Cross. They remained married until his death in 1941 in Lisbon, Portugal.
Her third marriage was in 1950 to Stephen Olin Dows, a muralist who had been a fine-arts consultant in the Roosevelt administration. A son of Alice Olin Dows, her husband owned a large home in Rhinebeck, New York known as Glenburn, and they maintained a home in Georgetown, Washington, D.C.
After a long illness, Dows died in January 1978 at her family's farm in Puente Alto, Chile. Olin Dows died in 1981.