OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Murray Seasongood

Murray Seasongood (October 27, 1878 – February 21, 1983) was an American lawyer and politician. He led a government reform movement in Cincinnati, founding the Charter Party and served as the Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio from 1926 to 1930. He was the first mayor under the city's 1925 charter.

## Early life and career

He was born in Cincinnati on October 27, 1878, the son of Emily (née Fechheimer) and Alfred Seasongood. He had three siblings, Martha, Rose, and Edwin. His father was a wealthy clothing merchant who worked for Heidelbach, Seasongood & Co., co-founded by his great-uncle Jacob Seasongood and Philip Heidelbach (later J. & L. Seasongood after the departure of Heidelbach and then Seasongood, Menderson & Co after the retirement of Jacob). He graduated from Harvard University and Harvard Law School and began a career in the law with Warrington & Paxton.

## Mayor of Cincinnati

Cincinnati had a notoriously corrupt government under George B. Cox, also known as “Boss” Cox. Lincoln Steffens called Cincinnati of the two worst governed cities in the United States. In 1905, then-Secretary of War William Howard Taft delivered a speech in Akron that attacked the corruption under Cox.
Although Cox's candidate was defeated in that election, his political machine continued to dominate the city. In 1921, Republicans controlled 31 out of 32 seats on the city council. Seasongood, himself a Republican, founded the City Charter Committee and placed a reform agenda to break the bosses' control of city politics.
The new Charter passed in 1924 and reorganized the city council from 32 members to nine with non-partisan elections. It created a civil service system to eliminate political patronage and made Cincinnati the first large city with a council-manager administration. With the new charter in place, Seasongood was elected to the Cincinnati City Council. His colleagues on the council elected him as the first mayor under the new system.
As Mayor, Seasongood was instrumental in the establishment of a county park board, after visiting and admiring the Emerald Necklace that is Cleveland Metroparks. He is the namesake of the Murray Seasongood Pavilion in Eden Park, Cincinnati.

## Later life

After leaving the mayor's office, he continued his legal practice and was appointed as a law professor at Harvard Law School. In the 1930s he founded a committee to end Republican control of Hamilton County. He fought against attempts to reverse his reforms and wrote articles on municipal governance. When once asked what his hobby was, he responded by saying, "Good government."
He maintain his legal practice at Paxton & Seasongood even at the age of 100. Seasongood died February 21, 1983, at the age of 104. He was survived by his wife, Agnes Senior, whom he married in 1912 and their daughter, Janet Seasongood Hoffheimer.
# USS Finback (SSN-670)

USS Finback (SSN-670), a Sturgeon-class attack submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the finback, the common whale of the Atlantic coast of the United States.

## Construction and commissioning

The contract to build Finback was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia, on 9 March 1965 and her keel was laid down there on 26 June 1967. She was launched on 7 December 1968, sponsored by Mrs. Charles F. Baird, wife of the Under Secretary of the Navy, and commissioned on 4 February 1970.

## Service history
### Topless dancer incident

On 10 July 1975, Finback's commanding officer, (a commander with the courtesy title of "captain"), permitted a topless dancer to perform on the diving plane of the sail as the vessel departed Port Canaveral, Florida. The captain had given permission for the act as a reward for performance by his crew during a major overhaul at the Naval shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia, the preceding year which cut two months off of a scheduled 12-month overhaul at considerable savings to the government. On 1 August 1975, when Navy command learned of the incident, the submarine was ordered back to port and the captain was relieved of his command, "pending the investigation of an incident of a non-operational nature."
On 2 October 1975, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral James L. Holloway III found the captain of Finback "guilty of permitting an action, which could have distracted the attention of those responsible for the safe navigation of the nuclear-powered submarine maneuvering in restricted waters." Holloway agreed with subordinates that the captain had failed to exercise good judgement and did not follow the regulations governing civilian visitors to naval vessels. An article in the February 2010 issue of Naval History, published by the United States Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland, categorizes this episode as "one of the most notorious incidents in the history of the Navy's nuclear-powered submarine force."

### Refueling Overhaul

In June 1978, the Finback entered Newport News shipyard for a scheduled refueling overhaul. The overhaul was completed in January 1981 and the Finback sailed to the Bahamas for testing and made port calls in Port Canaveral, Frederiksted, St Croix and St Maarten.

## Awards

In 1986, Finback won the Marjorie Sterrett Battleship Fund Award for the United States Atlantic Fleet.

## Decommissioning and disposal

Finback was decommissioned on 28 March 1997 and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day. Her scrapping via the Nuclear-Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington, was completed on 30 October 1997.
# White-throated mountaingem

The white-throated mountaingem or white-throated mountain-gem (Lampornis castaneoventris) is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to the highlands of Costa Rica and Panama.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The white-throated mountaingem is treated as a species by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW). However, the North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy treat it and the grey-tailed mountaingem (Lampornis cinereicauda) as subspecies of what they call the white-throated mountain-gem.

## Description

The grey-tailed mountaingem is about 12 cm (4.7 in) long and weighs about 5 to 6 g (0.18 to 0.21 oz). It has a medium-length straight black bill, dark cheeks, and a white stripe behind the eye. Males have mostly dark bronzy green upperparts with an emerald green crown and a black to bluish black tail. Their chin and throat are white, the sides of the neck and upper breast bright green, and the lower breast and vent area dark gray. Females have entirely bright green upperparts. Their central tail feathers are dark metallic to bronze green and the outer ones paler. Their throat and belly are dark rufous and the undertail coverts are gray with white or buff edges.

## Distribution and habitat

The white-throated mountaingem is found only in the mountains of western Panama's Chiriquí Province. It inhabits the interior, edges, and shrubby clearings of oak forest and also gardens in communities near the forest. In elevation it ranges from 1,500 m (4,900 ft) up to timberline.

## Behavior
### Movement

The white-throated mountaingem is a year-round resident.

### Feeding

The white-throated mountaingem feeds on nectar from a variety of flowering plants. Males typically feed at epiphytes in the forest interior while females more often feed in shrubby areas. Males are territorial, defending flower patches. They are dominant over smaller hummingbirds and subordinate to larger ones like the fiery-throated hummingbird (Panterpe insignis). The species also feeds on small arthropods gleaned from foliage.

### Breeding

The white-throated mountaingem's breeding season spans from October to April. Its nest is a cup of fine fibers with moss and some lichen on the outside. The incubation length and time to fledging are not known.
* Songs and calls
* Listen to white-throated mountaingem on xeno-canto

### Vocalization

The white-throated mountaingem makes high pitched calls described as "ziit or ziip" and also "a 'sputtery, bubbly' song".

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the white-throated mountaingem as being of Least Concern, though it has a small range and its population size and trend are unknown. It is considered common. However, "this hummingbird is potentially threatened by human activities" such as deforestation for timber and agriculture.
# White-winged cuckooshrike

The white-winged cuckooshrike (Edolisoma ostentum), also known as white-winged cicadabird or white-winged graybird, is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found on the islands of Negros, Panay and formerly (now extinct) on Guimaras. Some taxonomists place this species in the genus Analisoma.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Description

EBird describes the bird as "A medium-sized, fairly long-tailed bird of forest and edge from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains on Panay and Negros. Gray on the crown, back, and rump. Has black wings with a large white patch, a black tail with white tips, and white under the base of the tail. Male has a black forehead, face, and chest, whereas the female has pale gray underparts. Similar to Bar-bellied cuckooshrike, but smaller, lacking the barring on the belly, with white on the wing. Voice includes a harsh rising and falling shriek repeated at intervals."
This species is monotypic and has no subspecies.

## Ecology and behavior

Feeds on large adult and larval insects. Occurs singly, in small groups or with mixed-species flocks of other medium sized birds like Visayan cuckooshrike. They can form flocks of up to 8-10 birds.Typically forages in the canopy.
Breeds from February to September. Nest is undescribed but supposedly recorded 20 meters above the ground on a forked branch. Clutch size is 2 to 3 eggs. Both male and females feed and care for the chick.

## Habitat and conservation status

Its natural habitats at tropical moist lowland primary forest and secondary forest up to 1,300 meters above sea level. While they can tolerate secondary forest, they have the highest population densities and health in primary (old-growth) forest.
The IUCN Red List has assessed this bird as vulnerable with the population being estimated at 6,000 to 15,000 mature individuals. Its main threat is habitat destruction through both legal and Illegal logging, conversion into farmlands through Slash-and-burn, charcoal burning, and mining. Its preference for low altitudes suggests that it must have suffered population losses with the loss of lowland forest in the Philippines. Habitat loss on both Negros and Panay has been extensive. By 2007, Negros and Panay had a 3% and 6% remaining forest cover with most of this being higher elevation forest where this bird does not thrive in with these figures are still declining.
It occurs in a few protected areas on Northern Negros Natural Park, Mount Kanlaon National Park and Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park. However, as with most areas in the Philippines, protection from hunting and illegal logging is lax.
Conservation actions proposed are surveys particularly on Panay, to identify further key populations. Formally protect the Central Panay Mountain Range and other key sites. Promote more effective protection measures for the Northern Negros Natural Park. Encourage careful reforestation activities around remaining forests with emphasis on native trees.
# Marilee Shapiro Asher

Marilee Shapiro Asher (née Harris; November 17, 1912 – September 11, 2020) was an American sculptor, author and survivor of both the Spanish Flu and the COVID-19.

## Early life

Marilee Harris was born on November 17, 1912, in Chicago, one of five children of Frank and Bonnie Harris. She contracted the Spanish Flu when she was six. She started studying sculpture in 1936.

## Career

Asher had her first solo exhibition at American University in 1947. She exhibited at Smart Museum, Vassar College, Franz Bader Gallery, Washington Studio School, Studio Gallery, the Cosmos Club and Warehouse Gallery.
In the early 2000s, when looking for a less physical form of art, she studied digital art at the Corcoran School of Art and started doing digital photography. In 2010, her photography was displayed at the Iona Guest Show when she was a visiting artist.
Her work is in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian and the Baltimore Museum of Art. In 2019, she was on the Ralph Nader Radio Hour discussing how she maintains her productive life at the age of 106. She wrote an autobiography entitled Dancing in the Wonder of 102 Years.

## Personal life and death

Asher was married twice: first to Bernard Shapiro in 1943, and later to Robert Asher in 1993. She had one son and one daughter from her first marriage. In April 2020, Asher went into the hospital with COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chicago. She spent five days in the hospital, before recovering and returning to the Chevy Chase House, where she lived. She died on September 11, 2020, at age 107.
# Little England Chapel

Little England Chapel (originally called The Ocean Cottage Sunday School) was founded by George C. Rowe. A printer at Hampton Institute, Rowe began the Sunday school with three Newtown children, in a small section of his home. The Sunday school became so popular that they needed more space to hold the Bible sessions.

## History

In 1869, Daniel F. Cock set aside a triangular plot of thirty-five acres divided into thirty-three lots to be sold to black persons. This area was named "Cock's Newtown. In March 1870, the first six lots were sold at fifty dollars each. The last was sold in 1910. During this same period, blacks also purchased lots of comparable size at the same price from Charles Smith, Edward Whitehouse, and William N. Armstrong, brother of Samuel Armstrong, Principal of Hampton Institute. These lots were close to "Cock's Newtown" or close to the area where the Little England Chapel now stands. Subsequently, "Newtown" was applied to the entire black community.
In 1878, a large open arbor was built with ten rows of seating for academic and Sunday School classes on the property of Daniel Cock. The number of attendees grew to over 500 – too many to be accommodated in the open arbor. During that same summer Rowe met with William N. Armstrong, who offered the use of a small piece of land along Ivy Home Road, if the residents in the neighborhood would contribute toward the support of a day school teacher. The money was raised and the chapel opened in 1879. Students from Hampton Institute not only designed but built the school house. The work was overseen by William Armstrong.
By 1886, the chapel had become self-supporting and had grown from three to seventy children. The children of the chapel participated in missionary work for the community. As late as 1910, students from the institute rowed across the Hampton River to teach classes. In later years, they would travel by horse and buggy and the "School Chariot", a black shiny carriage drawn by two white horses. The students would serve as missionaries of the chapel for over fifty years.
In 1954, Captian Fred Cock gave the property to the Newtown Improvement Club and Civic Club "to be used by the Congregation of the Newtown Improvement Club for non-denominational religious purposes." In 1939, the Progressive Church of Jesus began holding regular services at the chapel. This continued until 1989, when the congregation then known as the Church of Jesus vacated the property.
Restoration of the chapel began in 1992. An addition was added to the north side of the chapel in 1993. The exterior was completely refurbished in 2008.
# Radio Today (website)

Radio Today is a UK-based website providing news, features, photos and reviews related to the radio industry in the United Kingdom. RadioToday.co.uk was founded by Roy Martin, and receives in excess of 3,500 unique visitors each day. In addition, the site has a database of over 10,000 subscribers who receive daily and weekly emails.
In September 2007, the site became an associate sponsor of the European Radio Awards, giving its name to the event's Best Internet Radio award. In November 2011, Radio Today published a preview edition of Radio Today: The Magazine, with plans to launch it as a monthly magazine from 2012. The edition was distributed to delegates at the 2011 Radio Festival.
# Behsudi (Hazara tribe)

Behsudi or Behsud (Dari: بهسودی) are one of the major tribes of the Hazaras in Afghanistan.

## History

The notable history of the Behsud tribe starts from the 19th-century when the 19th-century Behsud chieftain Mir Yazdan Bakhsh was one of the first Hazara chiefs, who tried in vain to unify all Hazaras.
In the Hazara resistance against the Soviet Union and later the Taliban most of the modern Hazara political leadership has emerged from the Behsuds. Afghan leaders from the Behsud tribe include Sultan Ali Keshtmand, the Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1981 to 1989.
The people of Behsud in the past (from about five or six centuries ago) were scattered across a wide area of Afghanistan. Before the complete control of the Afghans, they had more or less influence over eastern regions Including the eastern Behsud, which takes its name from this ethnic group to significant parts of today's Maidan Wardak province. Since a large part of the Hazara population was nomadic in the past, the Behsudis would travel towards Jalalabad and Laghman during winters and camp in Hazarajat during summers. For example, the Behsud River in the foothills of the Qorigh mountains Is a relic from that time.
The grave of Baba Besud is located on the summit of that mountain. Hazara singers used to visit that grave before the turmoil of Abdul Rahman.

## Notable people

* Karim Khalili, former vice president of Afghanistan.
* Sultan Ali Keshtmand, the communist Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981–1990).
* Mir Yazdan Bakhsh, an early 19th-century Hazara chieftain.
* Baiju Noyan, was a Mongol commander in Persia, Armenia, Anatolia, and Georgia.
* Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Renowned Pakistani Qawwali Singer, song writer, and music director.
* Sharbat Ali Changezi, Air Marshall Pakistan Air Force.
* Haji Kazim Yazdani, historical researcher and writer.
* Rohullah Nikpai, Taekwondo practitioner and two-time Olympic bronze medalist.
# Ceraukste Parish

Ceraukste Parish (Latvian: Ceraukstes pagasts) is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia.
# Amastra badia

Amastra badia is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Amastridae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 17 mm, its diameter 12 mm.
(Original description) The shell contains 6½ whorls. The shell is dextral, imperforate, relatively thin, and elongately ovate-conic. Its surface is glossy, adorned with delicate, closely spaced thread-like rib-striae aligned with the growth lines. The whorls of the protoconch are distinctly radiately sulcated.
The shell's coloration is a rich dark chestnut-brown, decorated with light brown zigzag or undulating lines and markings. It consists of 6½ slightly convex whorls, with a moderately impressed suture.
The aperture is oval and slightly oblique, with a livid white interior that subtly reveals the brown exterior coloration. The peristome is acute and minimally thickened on the inner side. The columella is white, flexuous, and ends abruptly in a thin, slightly arched lamellar plait.
(Later supplemental description by Hyatt, A. & Pilsbry, H. A. ) In color, pattern and sculpture of the later whorls this form resembles Amastra undata (Baldwin, 1895). Whether there are spiral decussating lines on the body whorl of the type specimen was not stated by Baldwin, but they are present in one specimen examined from Moanalua, wanting in another. In those from Waimano the spirals are either very faint, hardly noticeable, or wanting. A. badia differs from A. undata by its embryonic sculpture and the less obese, more ovate shape.
The columellar lamella penetrates two whorls. The axis is imperforate in the adult and later neanic stages, but in the half -grown shell there is a rather widely open umbilicus, width about 1 mm. The embryonic whorls are much more strongly sculptured than in A. undata. After the smooth initial half -whorl, coarse vertical ribs appear, changing to an irregular coarse malleation on the last half of the second whorl. Then short, rather coarse protractive ribs appear below the suture, while above the lower suture there is another system of smaller, retractive folds, the two systems interfering about the middle of the whorl. The third whorl has fine growth-lines only, and the color-pattern appears as a few white spots and irregular stripes. The ground-color of adults is dark red, upon which there are yellow streaks or spots. In some shells from Aeia the body whorl has a yellow suffusion, faintly mottled with dark. The shell is quite thin.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to Hawaii, occurring on Oahu Island.
# 1944 San Diego Naval Training Station Bluejackets football team

The 1944 San Diego Naval Training Station Bluejackets football team was an American football team that represented San Diego Naval Training Station (San Diego NTS) during the 1944 college football season. The team was coached by Skip Stahley, former head coach at Brown, and played its home games on Hull Field in San Diego. The Bluejackets compiled a 4–3–1 record.
Key players included quarterback Clyde LeForce, formerly of Tulsa and later with the Detroit Lions, and end John Stonebraker, formerly of USC and the Green Bay Packers.
In the final Litkenhous Ratings, San Diego NTS ranked 49th among the nation's college and service teams and tenth out of 28 United States Marine Corps teams with a rating of 88.3.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 23 | 1005th Army Engineers (Wilmington) | Hull FieldSan Diego, CA | W 65–0 | |
| October 1 | Compton | Hull FieldSan Diego, CA | W 85–0 | |
| October 7 | UCLA | Hull FieldSan Diego, CA | W 14–12 | 5,000 |
| October 15 | El Toro Marines | Hull FieldSan Diego, CA | L 0–6 | |
| October 22 | Fort MacArthur | Hull FieldSan Diego, CA | W 69–0 | |
| October 29 | Coronado Amphibious Training Center | Hull FieldSan Diego, CA | T 0–0 | |
| November 4 | at USC | Los Angeles Memorial ColiseumLos Angeles, CA | L 21–28 | 28,000 |
| November 19 | at March Field | Hull FieldSan Diego. CA | L 0–7 | 5,500 |
# Ralph Walpole

Ralph Walpole (died 1302) was a medieval Bishop of Norwich and Bishop of Ely.

## Life

Walpole was Archdeacon of Ely by 6 February 1272.
Walpole was elected to the see of Norwich on 11 November 1288 and consecrated on 20 March 1289.
Walpole was translated to the see of Ely on 5 June 1299. He died on 20 March 1302.

## Citations

* ↑ Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Ely: Archdeachons of Ely
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 261
* ↑ Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Norwich: Bishops
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 244
* ↑ Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Ely: Bishops
# The U.P. Trail

The U.P. Trail is a 1920 American silent Western film directed by Jack Conway and starring Kathlyn Williams, Roy Stewart, and Marguerite De La Motte. It is based the best-selling novel of the same name by Zane Grey.

## Cast

* Kathlyn Williams as 'Beauty' Stanton
* Roy Stewart as Warren Neale
* Marguerite De La Motte as Allie Lee
* Robert McKim as Jose Durade
* Joseph J. Dowling as 'Place' Hough
* Fred Starr as Fresno
* Charles Murphy as Larry 'Red' King
* Virginia Caldwell as Ruby Cortez
* Walter Perry as Casey
* George Berrell as Slingerland