OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lucie Manette

Lucie Manette is a character in Charles Dickens' 1859 novel A Tale of Two Cities.

## Overview

Lucie is the daughter of Dr. Alexandre Manette. She is wise beyond her years, unfailingly kind, and loving. Her love and protection of her father is what attracts Charles Darnay to her.
She meets Darnay, the young Frenchman, on the voyage home with her father. When Darnay is arrested as a spy due to evidence planted on him by John Barsad on the orders of his uncle, the Marquis St. Evremonde, Lucie and her father attend Darnay's trial out of concern.
It is there that she meets Sydney Carton, the drunken lawyer who falls in love with her. She reaches out to Carton out of concern for his well being, but is being actively courted by Darnay and accepts the latter's proposal.
When Lucie's daughter is about six years old, Darnay returns to France. Lucie, Dr. Manette, their daughter, Little Lucie, and Miss Pross go after him after receiving notice of his imprisonment in La Force. Lucie relies on her father to rescue Darnay, which he does, but then Darnay is again accused. During his imprisonment, Lucie remains loyal and faithful to Darnay.
Lucie and her daughter successfully escape from the clutches of Madame Defarge and reunite with Darnay safely, due to Carton's sacrifice in place of Darnay's.

## Portrayals
### Cinematic and theatrical portrayals

On film and television, Lucie has been portrayed by:
* Elizabeth Allan (film, 1935)
* Wendy Hutchinson (TV, 1957)
* Dorothy Tutin (film, 1958)
* Kika Markham (TV, 1965)
* Sally Osborne (TV, 1980)
* Alice Krige (TV, 1980)
* Serena Gordon (TV, 1989)
* Brandi Burkhardt (Broadway musical adaptation, 2008)

### Radio portrayals

On radio, Lucie has been portrayed by:
* Charlotte Attenborough (BBC Radio 4, 1989)
* Lydia Wilson (BBC Radio 4, 2011)
# Disclaimer (patent)

In patent law, a disclaimer are words identifying, in a claim, subject-matter that is not claimed or another writing disclaiming rights ostensibly protected by the patent. By extension, a disclaimer may also mean the amendment consisting in introducing a negative limitation in an existing claim, i.e. "an amendment to a claim resulting in the incorporation therein of a 'negative' technical feature, typically excluding from a general feature specific embodiments or areas". The allowability of disclaimers is subject to particular conditions, which may vary widely from one jurisdiction to another.

## Origins

Possibly the earliest mention of patent disclaimers was in the British "Letters Patent and Trademark Amendment Act 1835", in the sense of a right to renounce one's patent monopoly or a part thereof. That right was subject to safeguards to make sure that the disclaimer was a true renunciation, rather than an extension of the monopoly. In 1865, in a case before the House of Lords, Ralston v. Smith (XI H.L.C. 223), the applicability of these safeguards were illustrated. Namely, an amendment by the patentee extended beyond the content of the patent application as filed, therefore extended the patent monopoly, and was not allowed by the House of Lords.

## Statutory disclaimer

In United States patent law, a statutory disclaimer is a statement in writing, recorded in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, disclaiming a complete claim of a patent or disclaiming a term, or terminal part of a term, of a patent granted or to be granted. If a claim in a patent is invalid, 35 U.S.C. § 288 requires that the invalid claim be disclaimed before costs may be recovered. A disclaimer disclaiming a terminal part of a term is called a terminal disclaimer and is often used to overcome a rejection for obviousness-type double patenting; however, a terminal disclaimer is ineffective against a rejection for same-invention double patenting under 35 U.S.C. § 101.
A statutory disclaimer may be filed as a paper document or through the Electronic Filing System as a document saved as PDF. A terminal disclaimer may also be filed as a purely Web-based eTerminal Disclaimer.
# Yelkovo, Kursk Oblast

Yelkovo (Russian: Ельково) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Polevskoy Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population: 50 (2010 Census); 38 (2002 Census);

## Geography

The village is located on the Kremenets River (a right tributary of the Seym), 104 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 28 km south-east of the district center – the town Kursk, 5.5 km from the selsoviet center – Polevaya.

### Climate

Yelkovo has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).

## Transport

Yelkovo is located 7.5 km from the federal route P-298 (Kursk – Voronezh – P-22 "Kaspy" Highway; a part of the European route E38), 5.5 km from the road of regional importance 38K-014 (R-298 – Polevaya), on the road of intermunicipal significance 38H-299 (38K-014 – Demino), 3.5 km from the nearest railway halt Gutorovo (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 27 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 106 km from Belgorod International Airport and 183 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
# Ephemeralization

Ephemeralization, a term coined by R. Buckminster Fuller in 1938, is the ability of technological advancement to do "more and more with less and less until eventually you can do everything with nothing," that is, an accelerating increase in the efficiency of achieving the same or more output (products, services, information, etc.) while requiring less input (effort, time, materials, resources, etc.). The application of materials and technology in modern cell phones, compared to older computers and phones, exemplify the concepts of ephemeralization whereby technological advancement can drive efficiency in the form of fewer materials being used to provide greater utility (more functionality with less resource use). Fuller's vision was that ephemeralization, through technological progress, could result in ever-increasing standards of living for an ever-growing population. The concept has been embraced by those who argue against Malthusian philosophy.
Fuller uses Henry Ford's assembly line (used by Henry Ford at his car factory), as an example of how ephemeralization can continuously lead to better products at lower cost with no upper bound on productivity. Fuller saw ephemeralization as an inevitable trend in human development.

## Consequences to society

Francis Heylighen and Alvin Toffler have written that ephemeralization, though it may increase our power to solve physical problems, can make non-physical problems worse. According to Heylighen and Toffler, increasing system complexity and information overload make it difficult and stressful for the people who must control the ephemeralized systems. This might negate the advantages of ephemeralization.
The solution proposed by Heylighen is the integration of human intelligence, computer intelligence, and coordination mechanisms that direct an issue to the cognitive resource (document, person, or computer program) most fit to address it. This requires a distributed, self-organizing system, formed by all individuals, computers and the communication links that connect them. The self-organization can be achieved by algorithms. According to Heylighen, the effect is to superpose the contributions of many different human and computer agents into a collective map that may link the cognitive and physical resources relatively efficiently. The resulting information system could react relatively rapidly and adaptively to requests for guidance or changes in the situation.
In Heylighen's view, the system could frequently be fed with new information from its myriad human users and computer agents, which it would take into account to offer the human users a list of the best possible approaches to achieve tasks. Heylighen believes near-optimization could be achieved both at the level of the individual who makes the request, and at the level of society which attempts to minimize the conflicts between the desires of its different members and to aim at long term, global progress while as much as possible protecting individual liberty and privacy.
# Abbas Abbasi

Muhammad Abbas Khan Abbasi (Urdu: محمد عباس خان عباسی; 24 March 1924 – 14 March 1988) also known as Alhaj Mohammad Abbas Khan Abbasi, was the Nawab and later Amir of the Bahawalpur State. He was also a Brigadier in the Pakistani Army, Governor of Punjab and member of the Bahawalpur royal family.
He became Nawab on the death of his father General Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan V Abbasi on 24 May 1966.
As head of the Royal House of Bahawalpur, he was recognized as "Ameer of Bahawalpur State" by the then Government of Pakistan led by Field Marshal Ayub Khan.

## Early life

He was born to General Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan V Abbasi on 24 March 1924. He has several siblings most notably S.M. Abbasi. He received his education from Aitchison College in Lahore.

## Career

He was deputy to the Prime Minister/President of the States Army.
# Faruk Sejdini

Faruk Sejdini (born 7 February 1950) is an Albanian professional football coach and former player.

## Club career

Sejdini had a successful albeit short career playing as a defender, representing Dinamo Tirana from 1966 to 1979. His career begun in 1967 in the academy when he was spotted by coach Skënder Jareci along with striker Ilir Përnaska, who become a future club legend. He was part of Dinamo's golden generation of the 1970', winning five Albanian Superliga titles and three Albanian Cups.

## International career

He made his debut for Albania in a May 1971 Olympic Games qualification match against Romania and earned a total of 11 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was a November 1976 friendly match against Algeria.

### International statistics

Source:
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Albania | 1971 | 3 | 0 |
| Albania | 1972 | 2 | 0 |
| Albania | 1973 | 5 | 0 |
| Albania | 1976 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 11 | 0 |

## Managerial career

His last coaching experience was in 2015 when he had a brief spell with Dinamo Tirana.

## Honours
### Player

* Albanian Superliga: 5
       1967, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977
* Albanian Cup: 3
       1971, 1974, 1978

### Manager career

* Albanian Superliga: 1
       2002
# Log Cabin railway station

Log Cabin railway station was a railway station located on the Main Western line, serving the adjacent Log Cabin Hotel in Penrith, New South Wales. The station was served by special passenger services for only a decade, opening in 1940 and closing in 1950.

## History

A station on the western bank of the Nepean River was originally proposed by the Department of Railways in 1937, however none was ever built. In May 1940, a private proposal for a station on the immediate eastern bank was approved, allowing the public and patrons of the Log Cabin Hotel located opposite the railway, easier access from the city. Log Cabin station was opened on 6 July 1940, close to the site where the first successful crossing of the Blue Mountains began.
The opening of the station was celebrated with a local gala day and night. Events such as a tennis exhibition, a dog show by the Sydney Canine Society, a barbeque, a rowing event and a cabaret show were all included in the gala.
The station was mainly served by special services from Central. As well as this, clubs and parties to the Log Cabin Hotel were able to apply to the tourist bureau for extra services when necessary.
A 1949 proposal by Penrith Council to rename the station Log Cabin, Nepean River was rejected by the Commissioner of Railways on the grounds that it would cause confusion due to the use of the name 'Nepean' elsewhere. The Council also proposed incorporating Log Cabin into the regular suburban network by extending weekend suburban services from Penrith to terminate at Log Cabin instead, which was also rejected due to the cost of building signal and yard facilities and upgrading existing station facilities.
The station closed in September 1950 and was subsequently demolished, with no remains now extant.

## Description

Log Cabin station consisted of two side platforms, located close to the Victoria Bridge and adjacent railway bridge crossing over the Nepean River. The platforms were around 12 metres long and 2.5 metres wide and were constructed at a low cost, out of steel frames from old rail with timber planks from old rail sleepers on top. Although the station opened in July 1940, only one platform was operational at this time, with both constructed and open by the start of 1941.
# Alin Coste

Alin Coste (poreclit Chinezu) (born 17 February 1992) is a Romanian swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Alin Coste Chinezu is a well-known person in the field of entrepreneurship and digital marketing in Romania. He is the founder and CEO of companies that focus on developing innovative business solutions. He is also involved in entrepreneurship education, providing training and resources for those who want to develop their own businesses.
Coste Chinezu is active on social media, where he shares his experiences and knowledge, inspiring many young entrepreneurs. He also attends conferences and events, discussing digital marketing trends and business success strategies.
# Goeppertia dodsonii

Goeppertia dodsonii (syn. Calathea dodsonii) is a species of flowering plant in the Marantaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
# Cai Zongze

Cai Zongze (Chinese: 蔡宗泽; born 1951) is a Chinese politician. He has served as Mayor of Shantou, Guangdong province since 2007.
# Organza

Organza is a thin, plain weave, sheer fabric traditionally made from silk. Many modern organzas are woven with synthetic filament fibers such as polyester or nylon. Silk organza is woven by a number of mills along the Yangtze River and in the province of Zhejiang in China. A coarser silk organza is woven in the Bangalore area of India. Deluxe silk organzas are woven in France and Italy. Organza is distinguished by its crisp hand, stiffness relative to weight, and slippery surface texture.
The term may derive from French organsin, ultimately from the Central Asian city of Urgench, the midpoint of the Northern Silk Road.
# Madarame

Madarame (Japanese: 班目) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hideo Madarame (born 1944), Japanese former cyclist
* Makio Madarame (born 1972), Japanese former cyclist

## Fictional characters

* Ichiryusai Madarame, a fictional character from the game Persona 5
# Fatbardh Jera

Fatbardh Jera (born 8 February 1960) is an Albanian retired footballer who played for Vllaznia Shkodër and the Albania national team.

## Club career

Jera spent his entire career with Vllaznia Shkodër, after becoming part of their first team in January 1979 and playing on during the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, forming a defensive partnership with fellow international Hysen Zmijani.

## International career

He made his debut for Albania in a March 1985 friendly match against Turkey and earned a total of 15 caps, scoring no goals. His final international was a May 1990 European Championship qualification match against Iceland.

## FSHF

Jera became a member of the executive committee of the Albanian Football Association in February 2014.
# Mike Kelley

Mike or Michael Kelley may refer to:
* Mike Kelley (artist) (1954–2012), American artist
* Mike Kelley (baseball) (1875–1955), American baseball player and manager
* Mike Kelley (quarterback) (born 1959), American football quarterback
* Mike Kelley (offensive lineman) (born 1962), American football offensive lineman
* Mike Kelley (writer) (born 1967), TV writer and producer
* Mike Kelley (Missouri politician) (born 1975), member of the Missouri House of Representatives
* Mike Kelley (Oklahoma politician), member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
* Mikey Kelley (born 1973), voice of Ratchet in the Ratchet and Clank video game series
* Michael Kelley, candidate in the 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
# Louis Croenen

Louis Croenen (born 4 January 1994) is a Belgian competitive swimmer. He competed in the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. In 2016 he competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 200 metre butterfly event and the men's 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay event.
He has qualified to represent Belgium at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Pedro Almeida (footballer, born 1993)

Pedro Miguel Baltazar Almeida (born 5 April 1993) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for C.F. Benfica as a right back.

## Club career

Born in Porto Salvo, Oeiras, Almeida played youth football with S.L. Benfica from 2001 to 2011. Subsequently, he joined U.D. Leiria for his last year as a junior.
Almeida made his Primeira Liga debut on 29 April 2012, being one of only eight players fielded by Leiria – immerse in a deep financial crisis – in a 0–4 home loss against C.D. Feirense.
# Charles Mee

Charles Mee may refer to:
* Charles L. Mee (born 1938), American playwright, historian and author
* Charles Denis Mee (1927–2023), British-American engineer, physicist, and author
# Gibson's paradox

Gibson's paradox is the observation that the rate of interest and the general level of prices under the gold standard are positively correlated. It is named for British economist Alfred Herbert Gibson who noted the correlation in a 1923 article for Banker's Magazine. The correlation had been noted earlier by Thomas Tooke.
The term was first used by John Maynard Keynes, in his 1930 work, A Treatise on Money. It was believed to be a paradox because most economic theorists predicted that the correlation would be negative. Keynes commented that the observed correlation was "one of the most completely established empirical facts in the whole field of quantitative economics."
The Quantity Theory of Money predicts that a slower money-growth creates slower price-rise. In addition, slower money-growth means slower growth of loanable funds and thus raises interest rates. If both these premises are true, slower money-growth should mean lower prices and higher interest rates. However, Gibson observed that lower prices were accompanied by a drop—rather than a rise—in interest rates. This is the paradox that needs to be explained. For instance, in the 1873-96 depression, prices fell considerably while interest rates remained low. Economist S.B. Saul says that Alfred Marshall explained the paradox by saying that other factors might have been at play: a peace dividend and improving international system of banking and finance.
Economists generally thought that interest rates were correlated to the rate of inflation, whereas Keynes' findings contradicted this view. During the period of gold standard, he concluded that interest rates were correlated to the general price level, and not the rate of change in the prices. In fact, he thought that interest rates were highly correlated to the wholesale price index rather than the rate of inflation.
With the establishment of the Federal Reserve in the United States in 1914, the correlation between interest rates and the general price level evaporated. This has led most commenters, including Barsky and Summers, to conclude that the correlation was a gold-standard phenomenon and that this can be observed in the inverse correlation between real gold prices and real interest rates.
Others have argued that this is not a strictly gold-standard phenomenon and continued in the correlation between real commodity prices and the earnings yield on equities.

## Citations

* ↑ "Gibson's Paradox Definition".
* ↑ Keynes, vol. 2, p.198
* ↑ Blaug, 637.
* ↑ Blaug, 637.
* ↑ "Gibson's Paradox".
* ↑ "Intermarket Dynamics". Patreon.com. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
# Victor Costa

Victor Costa (born December 17, 1935) is an American fashion designer. Dubbed the "King of Copycats," he attained international fame in the mid-1970s for mimicking high-end European styles, tailoring them to his American audiences for affordable prices.
In 1987, the New York Times reported that, along with Christian Lacroix and Arnold Scaasi, Costa "is widely recognized... as a significant contributor to the current vogue for flamboyant, super-feminine dresses that bare the shoulders, hug the waistline and billow and swirl over the hips." He founded Victor Costa, Inc. and later Victor Costa Bridal, and designed for several large retail outlets well into the 1990s. At one time, he was delivering merchandise to five different markets a year.
Costa is known for his extensive list of loyal customers, including Betsy Bloomingdale, Brooke Shields and Ivana Trump; he has also designed for First Ladies Lady Bird Johnson and Rosalynn Carter, as well as President Richard Nixon's daughters, Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower.

## Early life

Costa was born in Houston's Fifth Ward, the second of three children. His father was a metal worker from Sicily. His family lived in three rooms behind his grandparents' grocery store. As a young boy, he developed a love for the fashions of Hollywood celebrities and began designing his own paper dolls and selling them to his classmates for two cents each. As a teenager, he designed prom dresses for his high school classmates. He went on to attend the Pratt Institute in New York and later University of Houston, where he studied fashion; he traveled to Paris to attend the École d'Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, an institute operated by the Chambre Syndicale, the fashion trade association in Paris.

## Career

Returning from Paris, Costa began selling his fashion sketches to designers and merchandizers including Oleg Cassini and Ceil Chapman.
He soon went to work at the dress house of Suzy Perette, a dress house, where he developed a technique to visually capture the basic essence of popular European designs and styles.
He moved to Dallas, bought a fashion house — the Ann Murray company — and began manufacturing his designs in a 50,000 square foot facility. His company sold $1 million in product during its first year of operation. Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus became his top customers; by 1987, he was selling them $3.6 million and $3 million worth of product, respectively, every year. He also sold more than $1 million annually to Nordstrom, Bergdorf Goodman, and Marshall Field. By 1988, his company was grossing $50 million annually.
In 2000, he introduced the Victor Costa Occasion Collection on QVC, where it attained $500,000 in sales. By 2008, that number had grown to more than $10 million.
He is a member of the Council of Fashion Designers of America.

## Personal life

Costa married his high school sweetheart, Terry, in 1958 while studying in Paris. They had two children together, Kevin and Adrienne, and divorced after 28 years of marriage in 1986.
In 1984 Costa met Clay Cope, who became his romantic partner for 28 years.
In 2012, Costa married Jerry Ann Woodfin.