OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Coblyn

A coblyn (plural coblynau) is a mythical gnome-like creature that is said to haunt the mines and quarries of Wales and areas of Welsh settlement in America.
Like the Knockers of Cornish folklore they often help miners to the richest veins of ore or other treasures by their peculiar knocking sound. They appear dressed in miniature mining outfits, work constantly but never finish their task. They are said to be half a yard (1.5 ft) tall, very ugly, but often friendly and helpful.
The word Coblynau is related to the English word Goblin and may derive from a Germanic source akin to the German Kobold, via the French Gobelin.
Coblynau are mentioned in the Constantine episode "The Darkness Beneath", but the description of the creatures given is closer to knockers.
# Závada, Veľký Krtíš District

Závada (Hungarian: Érújfalu) is a village and municipality in the Veľký Krtíš District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.
# Teaching Regulation Agency

The Teaching Regulation Agency (TRA) is an executive agency of the Department for Education responsible for regulation of the teaching profession in England.

## Background

Between 2000 and 2012, the teaching profession in England was regulated by a professional body known as the General Teaching Council for England (GTCE). The GTCE was abolished in 2012 with some of its functions being assumed by the Department of Education. In 2013, a National College for Teaching and Leadership (NCTL) was established which was replaced by the present Teaching Regulation Agency in 2018.

## Responsibilities

The Teaching Regulation Agency is responsible for:
* Regulating the teaching profession in England
* Conducting teacher misconduct hearings
* Maintaining a record of teachers, trainee teachers and those who hold qualified teacher status.
# Hanane Mansouri

Hanane Mansouri (born 23 November 2000) is a French politician of the Union of the Right for the Republic (UDR). She was elected member of the National Assembly for Isère's 8th constituency in 2024.

## Early life and career

Mansouri is of Moroccan origin. She is the first woman with Maghrebi ancestry to serve as deputy for Rassemblement National. She is a former president of Les Jeunes Républicains in Isère, and is a member of the Union Nationale Inter-universitaire (UNI).
# Pedro Nava (politician)

Pedro Nava (born February 6, 1948) is an American lawyer and former politician who was a Democratic member of the California State Assembly from 2004 to 2010. He represented parts of Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. Nava works as a lawyer and consultant, specializing in the area of government relations. Nava ran unsuccessfully in the 2010 Democratic California Attorney General primary election, finishing in 4th place with 10% of the votes cast.
Nava was on the California Coastal Commission from 1997 to 2004. He was initially appointed by Speaker of the Assembly Cruz Bustamante and then reappointed to the Coastal Commission by then President pro Tempore of the Senate John Burton. Following his career in the Legislature, Nava was appointed to the Little Hoover Commission.
# Vijciems Parish

Vijciems Parish (Latvian: Vijciema pagasts) is an administrative unit of Valka Municipality, Latvia.

## Towns, villages and settlements of Vijciems Parish

* Vijciems [lv] - parish administrative center
* Mežmuiža
# Classic Stories 2

Classic Stories 2: From A Medicine for Melancholy and S Is for Space is a semi-omnibus edition of two short story collections by American writer Ray Bradbury, A Medicine for Melancholy and S is for Space. Stories from the original collections that are included in Classic Stories 1 are omitted.
In 1998, Avon Books reprinted this collection as A Medicine for Melancholy and Other Stories.

## Contents

* "In a Season of Calm Weather"
* "A Medicine for Melancholy"
* "The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit"
* "Fever Dream"
* "The Marriage Mender"
* "The Town Where No One Got Off"
* "A Scent of Sarsaparilla"
* "The Headpiece"
* "The First Night of Lent"
* "The Time of Going Away"
* "All Summer in a Day"
* "The Gift"
* "The Great Collision of Monday Last"
* "The Little Mice"
* "The Shoreline at Sunset"
* "The Day It Rained Forever"
* "Chrysalis"
* "Pillar of Fire"
* "Zero Hour"
* "The Man"
* "Time in Thy Flight"
* "The Pedestrian"
* "Hail and Farewell"
* "Invisible Boy"
* "Come into My Cellar"
* "The Million-Year Picnic"
* "The Screaming Woman"
* "The Smile"
* "Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed"
* "The Trolley"
* "Icarus Montgolfier Wright"
# Relative income hypothesis

The relative income hypothesis was developed by James Duesenberry in 1949. It consists of two separate consumption hypothesis.
The first hypothesis states that an individual's attitude to consumption is dictated more by their income in relation to others than by an abstract standard of living. The percentage of income consumed by an individual depends on their percentile position within the income distribution.
The second hypothesis states that the present consumption is influenced not merely by present levels of absolute and relative income but also by levels of consumption attained in a previous period. In Duesenberry's opinion, it is difficult for a family to reduce a level of consumption once it is attained. The aggregate ratio of consumption to income is assumed to depend on the level of present income relative to past peak income.

## Sources

* Duesenberry, J. S. Income, Saving and the Theory of Consumer Behaviour. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1949.
* Frank, Robert H., 2005. “The Mysterious Disappearance of James Duesenberry,” The New York Times, June 9, 2005.
* Hollander, Heinz, 2001. “On the validity of utility statements: standard theory versus Duesenberry’s,” Journal of economic Behavior & Organization 45, 3: 227–249.
* McCormick, Ken (2018). "James Duesenberry as a practitioner of behavioral economics". Journal of Behavioral Economics for Policy. 2 (1): 13–18.
* This finance-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Roland Diggle

Roland Diggle (January 1, 1885 – January 13, 1954) was an English-born, American organist and composer who wrote and arranged an enormous number of published pieces, and who served for forty years as organist and choirmaster at St. John's Episcopal Church of Los Angeles, California.

## Biography

Roland Diggle was born in London, England, and he was educated at the Royal College of Music in London.
He moved to the US in 1904 where he became a tireless advocate of organ music. During his lifetime he wrote or arranged over 500 organ compositions. He was well known in national and international music circles and his works have been published both in the U.S. and abroad. He served for forty years as organist and choirmaster at St. John's Episcopal Church of Los Angeles, California (from 1914), and he presented recitals at both the San Diego and San Francisco World's Fair Expositions. He was an important figure in the American Guild of Organists.
According to Vernon Gotwals in Grove Music Online, his style was "improvisatory and facile"; his works include Benedictus omnia opera, a choral work which was formerly popular.
He died on January 13, 1954, in Los Angeles, California.
# Radamés González

Radamés González Tamayo (Spanish pronunciation:; born February 4, 1956) is a Cuban former marathon runner. He won the gold medal at the 1979 Pan American Games; gold medal at the 1982 Central America and Caribbean Games; silver medal at the 1986 Central America and Caribbean Games; silver medal at the 1991 PanAmerican Games in La Habana, Cuba. He won the following marathons: 1988, Calviá, Palma de Mallorca; 1990 Valencia, Spain; 1991, Mérida, México. Gonzalez Tamayo competed for his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Cuba ||||||
| 1978 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Medellín, Colombia | – | 10,000 m | DNF |
| 1978 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Medellín, Colombia | 4th | Marathon | 2:27:42 |
| 1979 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Guadalajara, Mexico | 2nd | Marathon | 1:27:35 |
| 1979 | Pan American Games | San Juan, Puerto Rico | 1st | Marathon | 2:24:09 |
| 1980 | Olympic Games | Moscow, Soviet Union | – | Marathon | DNF |
| 1981 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 1st | Marathon | 2:23:15 |
| 1982 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Havana, Cuba | 2nd | Marathon | 2:28:12 |
| 1983 | Pan American Games | Caracas, Venezuela | – | Marathon | DNF |
| 1986 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Santiago, Dominican Republic | 2nd | Marathon | 2:25:54 |
| 1988 | Ibero-American Championships | Mexico City, Mexico | 3rd | Marathon | 2:28:25 |
| 1989 | World Marathon Cup | Milan, Italy | 15th | Marathon | 2:14:32 |
| 1990 | Central American and Caribbean Games | Mexico City, Mexico | – | Marathon | DNF |
| 1991 | Pan American Games | Havana, Cuba | 3rd | marathon | 2:23:05 |
# Enchelyolepis

Enchelyolepis (meaning "eel-like scale") is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish known from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe. It was a member of the Macrosemiidae, a family of ginglymodians distantly related to modern gars, and contains two species that were both previously described as species of Macrosemius.
The following species are known:
* †E. andrewsi (Woodward, 1895) (type species) - Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) of England (middle Purbeck Group)
* †E. pectoralis (Sauvage, 1883) - Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of France (Portland Group)
Both species were very small for their order, with E. andrewsi being only 35 millimetres (1.4 in) in length.
# Poosimalaikuppam Gram Panchayat

Poosimalaikuppam Village Panchayat (Poosimalaikuppam Gram Panchayat), is a panchayat located in Arani district in Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu. The panchayat falls under Arani Assembly Constituency and Arani Lok Sabha Constituency. The panchayat has a total of 7 panchayat constituencies. 7 Panchayat Council members are elected from these. According to the 2011 India census, the population of the panchayat was 2274 people; among them were 1182 females and 1092 males.

## Basic facilities

The following information has been compiled according to the data of the Tamil Nadu Rural Development and Panchayat Department.
| Basic facilities | Total No. |
| Water Connection | 215 |
| Bore Motor Pump | 9 |
| Hand Pump | 10 |
| Upper level reservoir tanks | 6 |
| Ground level reservoir tank | |
| Local government buildings | 16 |
| Government school buildings | 6 |
| Ponds or Wells | 5 |
| Play Ground | 1 |
| Market | |
| Panchayat Union Roads | 53 |
| Panchayat Roads | |
| Bus Stand | |
| Graveyard or Incinerations | 7 |

## Villages

List of villages located in this panchayat:
* Athiyoor
* South Kota
* Poochimalai kuppam
* Moolathangal
* West Kota
* Arunthathiyar Colony
* Adi Dravidar Colony
# Animal and Plant Health Agency

The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), formerly known as the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), is an executive agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) of the United Kingdom.
It was formed in its current state on 1 October 2014, when AHVLA was expanded by adding parts of the Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), including the Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate (PHSI). AHVLA had originally been established on 1 April 2011 by a merger of two former agencies, Animal Health and the Veterinary Laboratories Agency.
The agency's main task is to protect the health and welfare of animals, as well as the general public, from disease. It conducts work across Great Britain on behalf of Defra, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government.
The agency's total expenditure for the fiscal year 2016/17 was £217.3 million. This was offset by operating income of £62.6 million giving net expenditure of £154.7 million.
# Colombian Baptist Denomination

The Colombian Baptist Denomination (Spanish: Denominación Bautista Colombiana) is a Baptist Christian denomination in Colombia. It is affiliated with the Baptist World Alliance. The headquarters is in Bogota.

## History

The Convention traces its origins in an American Mission of the International Mission Board in 1941. It was officially founded in 1952 as the Colombian Baptist Convention. In 1952, it founded the International Baptist Theological Seminary in Cali. According to a census published by the association in 2023, it claimed 202 churches and 21,844 members.
# Lac-Devenyns

Lac-Devenyns is an unorganized territory in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Matawinie Regional County Municipality.
It is named after Lake Devenyns [fr].
# U3

U3 or U-3 may refer to:

## Transportation

* U3, an underground rapid transit line in many major German/Austrian cities:
** U3 (Berlin U-Bahn)
** U3 (Frankfurt U-Bahn)
** U3 (Hamburg U-Bahn)
** U3 (Munich U-Bahn)
** U3 (Nuremberg U-Bahn)
** U3 (Stuttgart Stadtbahn)
** U3 (Vienna U-Bahn)
* Avies (IATA code: U3), an Estonian airline
* Cessna U-3, the military model of the Cessna 310 aircraft
* German submarine U-3, one of several German submarines
* Boeing Customer Code for Garuda Indonesia

## Computer technology

* U3 (software), a design specification for USB storage, created by U3, LLC
* U3, a speed class for Secure Digital (SD) cards
* U.3, an improvement to the U.2 storage interface standard

## Video games

* Ultima III: Exodus, a 1983 video game
* Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception, a 2011 video game

## Other

* U3, an unemployment figure released by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
* Small nucleolar RNA U3, a type of non-coding RNA
# Stella Ford Mugabo

Stella Ford Mugabo (born 1962) is a Rwandan politician who has served as Minister of Cabinet Affairs since July 2013.

## Early life and education

Mugabo was born in 1962 in Uganda to Francis Ford Gashumba and Stella Mukamutara. She has a degree in education from Makerere University and a Master of Arts in Economics and Social Studies from the University of Manchester.

## Career

Mugabo worked as a public policy analyst for the office of the President of Uganda, and then as Academic Registrar at Kigali Institute of Science, Technology and Management. She was Executive Secretary of the Public Sector Capacity Building Secretariat from March 2010 until 2014. She was the chair of board of the Rwanda Institute of Administration and Management and a member of the board of Rwanda's Capacity Building Programme.
Mugabo was appointed Minister of Cabinet Affairs by President Paul Kagame in July 2013, replacing Protais Musoni.

## Personal life

Mugabo is married with five daughters. She is a Christian.
# Michael Ansell

Colonel Sir Michael Picton Ansell, CBE, DSO (26 March 1905 – 17 February 1994) was a soldier, showjumper, polo player, and horse show administrator.

## Early life

Ansell was born on 26 March 1905 at the Curragh, County Kildare. His father Lt Col George Ansell was killed in September 1914, during the First World War, leading the 5th Dragoon Guards in a cavalry charge against German positions, for which he was subsequently mentioned in dispatches. After attending St Michael's Westgate-in-Sea and Wellington College he went to Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

## Military career

In August 1924 he was commissioned into the 5th/6th Dragoons, a regiment formed two years earlier by the amalgamation of the 5th Dragoon Guards and 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons (his father having served in both regiments). He served throughout the 1930s a cavalry officer, show jumping rider, and international polo player.
In France in March 1940, during World War II, he was given command of a yeomanry regiment, the 1st Lothians and Border Horse, becoming the British Army's youngest commanding officer at the time. He was appointed Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1944, but was shortly afterwards wounded in the hand and eyes by "friendly fire", blinding him permanently, and then became a prisoner of war (POW). All four fingers on his injured left hand were later amputated. He was repatriated from a German POW camp in 1943.
From 1957 to 1962 he was Colonel of the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards.

## Showjumping

An invitation to take up the position of chairman of the British Showjumping Association led to him being credited with revitalising the sport. He restarted the Royal International Horse Show and initiated the Horse of the Year Show. He was Chairman of the British Horse Society and Chaired the British Showjumping Association from 1945 until 1964. He was the first president of the British Equestrian Federation.

## Honours/Affiliations

In 1967, when his address was given as "Pillhead House, Bideford", he was High Sheriff of Devon. He was President of St Dunstan's, a charity for blind servicemen, from 1977 to 1986.
Picton was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1951 New Year Honours and a Knight Bachelor (Kt) in the 1968 New Year Honours.
He appeared on the television programme This Is Your Life on 28 March 1960, and as a castaway on the BBC Radio programme Desert Island Discs on 14 July 1973.
His autobiography, Soldier On, was published in 1973. It had a foreword by the Duke of Edinburgh. His final book, Leopard: the story of my horse, featured a foreword by Prince Charles.
In 1977, he was a recipient of the Silver Olympic Order.

## Death

He died on 17 February 1994 in Brighton, England, aged 88.
# Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston

Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston, GCMG (19 August 1898 – 14 December 1969) was a Sierra Leonean diplomat and politician. He was the first Sierra Leonean Governor-General of Sierra Leone. He was a member of the Creole ethnic group (descendant of freed slaves from Nova Scotia, United States and Great Britain landed in Freetown between 1792 and 1855).

## Career

Lightfoot Boston served as Speaker of the Parliament of Sierra Leone from 1957 to 1962 and as Governor-General of Sierra Leone from 7 July 1962 to 26 March 1967. He was preceded by British diplomat Sir Maurice Henry Dorman and succeeded after a coup d'état by Brigadier Andrew Juxon-Smith.

## Legacy

Lightfoot Boston Street in Freetown is named in his honor.
Lightfoot Boston's image is featured on a 50 Leone coin issued by the Bank of Sierra Leone.
# Federal Republic of Mindanao

The Federal Republic of Mindanao was a short-lived, self-proclaimed, unrecognized breakaway state encompassing Mindanao, Palawan and the Sulu Archipelago of the Philippines. The independence of the republic was to be proclaimed at a convention in Cagayan de Oro on April 25, 1986, by the Mindanao People's Democratic Movement led by Reuben Canoy but original plans to proclaim the proposed republic's independence were changed to avert arrest by the Corazon Aquino administration due to violation against sedition law. A 31-paged constitution was signed as a move to declare intent to proclaim an independent federal state and the flag of the proposed state was raised. Mindanao, Land of Promise and Security, is the proposed national anthem by the proposed country's proponents.
Reuben Canoy, leader of the Mindanao People's Democratic Movement and former presidential candidate had an averted plan to declare the Federal Republic of Mindanao in 1986. Four years later, the 1990 Mindanao crisis arose where Col. Alexander Noble led a mutiny and proclaimed an independent Federal Republic of Mindanao. Noble along with Canoy, who is also involved as a civilian supporter, was arrested by government authorities but claimed that his effort was successful since it brought into attention issues affecting Mindanao.
# José Guterres

José Guterres Silva (born 24 April 1998), is a football player who currently plays as for Timor-Leste national football team.

## International career

Guterres Silva made his senior international debut in an 8-0 loss against United Arab Emirates national football team in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification on 12 November 2015.
# Ginseng coffee

Ginseng coffee is a beverage prepared from coffee and ginseng root.
In Indonesia, the company Citra Nusa Insan Cemerlang (CNI) began marketing ginseng coffee in 1994. By the early 2010s, ginseng coffee products had been marketed in China, India, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and South Korea. At that time the typical production process consisted of simple mixing of ginseng powder and instant coffee powder. Several authors with the Korea Food Research Institute [ko] conducted research into a new production process whereby whole coffee beans would be coated with ginseng extract following roasting and then ground and brewed.
Ginseng coffee later became popular in Italy. It reportedly arrived in Milan in the mid-2000s. It was described by one journalist as being offered by "almost all" coffee bars and coffee machines by 2019. In 2018, one study of energy drink consumption by university students in Verona found that among the 37.4% of students who reported consuming ginseng, beverages combining ginseng and coffee were the "most often used combination" at 71.8%; it was more popular among female students than male students. Writer Dixe Wills described a ginseng coffee he had in Milan as "tasting nothing at all like coffee".
# Harry Arndt

Harry John Arndt (February 12, 1879 – March 25, 1921) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) second baseman. He was born on February 12, 1879, in South Bend, Indiana. He played four seasons, with the Detroit Tigers, Baltimore Orioles, and St. Louis Cardinals. Arndt played in 271 games with 244 hits in 985 at bats. He had a .248 average with six home runs and 99 runs batted in. Arndt died on March 25, 1921, in his home town of South Bend.