OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gian Giacomo Adria

Gian Giacomo Adria or Adria Johannes Jacobus de Paulo (born in Mazara del Vallo in Sicily c. 1485 - died in Palermo in 1560) was an Italian physician, historian and humanist.

## Biography

He first studied in Mazara del Vallo with the humanist Tommaso Schifaldo, then moved to Palermo, where he studied rhetoric. He then went to Naples where he worked with Agostino Nifo.
On 29 June 1510, he obtained the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine in Salerno. He began to practise the medical profession in Sicily.
In 1535, he took part in the conquest of Tunis as a physician and was made an Imperial Knight by Charles V. On his return to Rome, he took care of Pope Clement VII. He was appointed Protomedicus of Sicily.
He died at the age of 75 in Palermo where he was buried in the church San Francesco d'Assisi, Palermo, where the following epitaph can be read:
   Hic jacet in suo sepulcro excellens Artium, et Medicinae Doctor Johannes Jacobus Adria de Paulo Siculus et Mazariensis Miles, et Medicus Imperialis, Siciliae Protomedicus, et concivis Panormitanus anno 1560.

## Works

He wrote several works of a historical-scientific, literary and poetic nature.

### Scientific works

* De fluminibus Selinunti et Mazaro. 1513.
* Topographiae inclitae Civitatis Mazariae. Palermo: Johan et Antonium Papam. 1515.
* De laudibus Siciliae et primo de Valle Mazariae. 1535.
* De praeservatione pestilentiae ad Antonium filium.
* De Phlebotomia ad Carolum Imperatorem.
* De Balneis sicilis ad Antonium filium.
* De Medicinis ad varios morbos hominum.
* De vita sanctorum Martyrum mazariensium.

### Literary works

* De laudibus virtutis. 1515..
* Epistola ad coniugem. Palermo: Antonium de Mayda. 1516.
* Epistola versu elegiaco ad coniugem Antoniam Scherinam. 1528.
* De laudibus Christi contra haereticos. 1529.
* In libellum de laudibus Christi explanatio. 1538.
* Liber de passione Christi. 1538.
* Historia Sicula M.S.
* Legenda SS. Viti, Modesti, et Crescentiae ad Mazariensis.

### Manuscripts

The following manuscripts are kept in the Municipal Library of Palermo :
* De situ vallis Mazariae ad Hectorem Pignatelli Proregem.
* Litoralia Siciliae de Peloro ad Lylibaeum.
# Crunch (exercise)

The crunch or curl-up is an abdominal exercise that works the rectus abdominis muscle. It enables both building and defining "six-pack" abs and tightening the belly. Crunches use the exerciser's own body weight to tone muscle and are recommended by some experts, despite negative research results, as a low-cost exercise that can be performed at home. Crunches are less effective than other exercises such as planks and carry risk of back injury.

## Form

The biomechanics professor Stuart McGill was quoted in The New York Times Health blog as stating:
   An approved crunch begins with you lying down, one knee bent, and hands positioned beneath your lower back for support. "Do not hollow your stomach or press your back against the floor", McGill says. Gently lift your head and shoulders, hold briefly and relax back down.
Research has shown that both sit-ups and crunches are mediocre strength-building exercises and have injured many people.
In a crunch, unlike a sit-up, the lower back stays on the floor. This is said to eliminate any involvement by the hip flexors, and make the crunch an effective isolation exercise for the abdominals.

## World records

Sirous Ahmadi has the record of doing over 20000 crunches in under 5 hours on May 11, 2024.
In 2018, John Peterson from the US did 6,774 crunches in an hour and in 2021, he did a total of 13,994 crunches in two hours.
# Ernst von Born

Baron Ernst Viktor Lorenz von Born (24 August 1885, Pernå, Grand Duchy of Finland - 7 July 1956) was a Finnish lawyer, farmer and politician. He served as Minister of the Interior from March 1931 to December 1932 and from December 1939 to May 1941, Minister without Portfolio in 1939 and Minister of Justice from 8 August to 17 November 1944. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1954, representing the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP). He was the chairman of the SFP from 1935 to 1945 and again from 1955 to 1956.
During the Continuation War, he was one of the signatories of the "Petition of the Thirty-three", which was presented to President Ryti by members of the Peace opposition on 20 August 1943.
# Dave Wilson Nursery

Dave Wilson Nursery is a family-owned and operated nursery that specializes in the wholesale growth of fruit trees for home gardens. It was established in 1938 and based in Modesto, California, and has become one of the largest growers of deciduous fruit, nut, and shade trees in the United States, cultivating over 1000 acres on a four-year rotation and producing more than two million trees annually.
The nursery is known for being a significant licensee and propagator of new fruit varieties developed by Zaiger's Genetics, including the Pluot and the Aprium.
# Christian Ancher

Christian Ancher (27 July 1711 – 9 January 1765) was a Norwegian merchant, timber trader and ship owner.

## Biography

Ancher was born in Søndre Land in Oppland, Denmark-Norway. He was the son of Bernt Ancher (1680–1724) and Karen Tanche (1685–1758). The son of a vicar in the Church of Norway, he trained in the trading house established by cousins James Collett (1655–1727) and Peder Leuch (1692–1746) in Christiania (now Oslo). He eventually became the largest timber trader in Christiania. He was also quite active in shipping. He is commonly associated with his residence, Paléet Manor near Bjørvika, which later was used as a Royal residence.

## Personal life

He was married to Karen Elieson (1723–1806). They were the parents of four sons: Bernt Anker who was a merchant and owner of Frogner Manor, Peder Anker who became Prime Minister of Norway and was owner of Bogstad Manor, as well as Iver (1745–1772) and Jess (1753–1798).
# Andrea Cambini

Andrea Cambini or Andreas Cambinus (1445/1460—1527) was an Italian historian, humanist and writer.

## Works on Ottomans

Cambini was the author of an early history of the Ottoman Empire, the Commentario de Andrea Cambini fiorentino della origine de turchi, et imperio della casa Ottomanna, which was published in 1529, two years after his death in Florence in 1527. By 1541, Cambini's book had been reissued several times.
Cambini was a pupil of fellow humanist Cristoforo Landino. Since Cambini had never traveled outside Italy, he wrote his work on the Ottomans by relying on older sources from around Western Europe.
Cambini belonged to a group of sixteenth-century Italian historians which included Paolo Giovio and Giovanni Menavino. They openly praised the Ottoman's organization and behavior. His work sparked interest in the origin of the Ottoman dynasty. In his work, he rejected a theory that the Ottomans were descendants of the Trojans. Cambini followed the fashion of other contemporary historical works and wrote a history of the Ottomans focused on the personality of the Ottoman sultans and on the military events of their reigns.

## Use of his works by other contemporary authors

Some authors had considered the work of Christophe Richer on the Fall of Constantinople to be the account of an eyewitness (an otherwise unknown Riccherio), but it was later discovered that it was actually the work of Richer himself, who based his narration of the event on the work of several previous historians, including Cambini. Cambini's work remains a valuable source of information on the siege because his sources included the testimonies of survivors.
In 1562, John Shute translated the works of Cambini and Paolo Giovio into English and composed a tract on them (Two very notable commentaries: The one of the original of the Turcks and the empire of the house of Ottomanno, and the other of the warre of the Turcke against George Scanderbeg).
# International Movement Writing Alphabet

The International Movement Writing Alphabet (IMWA) is a set of symbols that can be used to describe and record movement. Its creator, Valerie Sutton, also invented MovementWriting, a writing system which employs IMWA. It in turn has several application areas within which it is specialised:
* SignWriting, for sign languages, the most developed so far.
* DanceWriting, a form of dance notation.
* MimeWriting, for classic mimestry.
* SportsWriting, for the kinesiology of ice skating and gymnastics.

## Identification numbers

The IMWA has more than 27,000 elements that are represented by unique identification numbers. Each identification number specifies six attributes—category, group, symbol, variation, fill, and rotation—as dash-separated values. The symbol is specified with a three-digit value whereas all other attributes use a two-digit value (e.g., 01-01-001-01-01-01).
There are eight categories: hand, movement, face, head, upper body, full body, space, and punctuation.
There are 40 groups. The keyboard design and symbol palette are based on the 40 groups.

## History

The IMWA was originally designed for describing sign language and consequently was named Sutton's Sign Symbol Sequence (SSS) by its inventor, Valerie Sutton. The original symbol set, SSS-95, was limited in size due to memory constraints in personal computers at the time. The SSS-99 symbol set expanded the number of symbols, and the SSS-2002 set was the first to use the current identification numbering system. The final version, SSS-2004, was renamed International Movement Writing Alphabet (SSS-IMWA) to reflect its usefulness in applications beyond sign language.
# Stephanie Bachelor

Stephanie Bachelor (May 23, 1912 – November 22, 1996) was an American film actress. During the 1940s, Bachelor briefly achieved leading status in supporting features such as Republic Pictures' Secrets of Scotland Yard. However, most of her appearances were supporting parts.
When Bachelor was 13, she studied drama in a school headed by Jessie Bonstelle.and she appeared in a professional show in Detroit. She also performed in productions at Newman School for Girls and Royal Oak High School.
Bachelor modeled clothes for dress shops and was a photographer's model in Detroit. She acted on stage in New York before she began performing in films.
Bachelor acted with the Penman Players in Detroit and performed on the Dramatized Book Review on CKLW radio. She was a member of a stock theater company whose show had closed when she visited Hollywood as a tourist. An agent invited her to test for a part in a film, and that led her her role in Lady of Burlesque.
In December 1946, Bachelor married Cornelius Vincent "Connie" Hurley, who owned and operated a casino in Las Vegas.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1943 | Lady of Burlesque | The Princess Nirvena | |
| 1943 | His Butler's Sister | Dot Stanley | |
| 1944 | Her Primitive Man | Marcia | |
| 1944 | Man from Frisco | Ruth Warnecke | |
| 1944 | Secrets of Scotland Yard | Sudan Ainger | |
| 1944 | The Port of 40 Thieves | Muriel Chaney | |
| 1944 | Experiment Perilous | Elaine | |
| 1944 | Lake Placid Serenade | Irene Cermak | |
| 1945 | Earl Carroll Vanities | Claire Elliott | |
| 1945 | Gangs of the Waterfront | Jane Rodgers | |
| 1945 | Scotland Yard Investigator | Tony Collison | |
| 1946 | Crime of the Century | Audrey Brandon | |
| 1946 | The Undercover Woman | Marcia Conroy | |
| 1946 | Passkey to Danger | Gwen Hughes | |
| 1946 | G.I. War Brides | Elizabeth Wunderlich | |
| 1946 | The Magnificent Rogue | Vera Lane | |
| 1946 | I've Always Loved You | Redhead | |
| 1947 | The Ghost Goes Wild | Irene Winters | |
| 1947 | Springtime in the Sierras | Jean Loring | |
| 1947 | Blackmail | Carla | |
| 1948 | Campus Honeymoon | Dean Carson | |
| 1948 | King of the Gamblers | Elsie Pringle | |
| 1948 | Sons of Adventure | Laura Gifford | |
| 1948 | Homicide for Three | Collette Rose - aka Madam Colette | (final film role) |
# Kampen Line

Kampenlinjen (English: Kampen Line) was a tram line in Oslo that served Kampen in Gamle Oslo, on the eastern section of the city. The tramline was established by Kristiania Sporveisselskab in 1900 as a siding to the Gamlebyen Line from Grønland and up Motzfeldts gate, Tøyengata and Hagegata to Brinken. The section was a single track until 1921. The area is currently served by bus number 60 (Tonsenhagen-Vippetangen), at Kampen and Kampen Park

## Route

It ran northbound via Tøyengata from Grønland, while the runs ran parallel from where existing runs entered Tøyengata. Afterwards, it would run through Hagegata, before terminating at Brinken. When the Gamleby line got a new route through Schweigaards gate in 1957, it closed the line over Grønland in 1960. So when the line over Grønland closed, the Kampen Line was also closed.

## Depot

The tram depot at Kampen was located on a street called Hedmarksgata, and it was established in the 1920s. It was officially known as Vaalerengen Vognstasjon. They became disused in 1968, when the Kampen Line and the Vålerenga Line closed down as part of the City Council's gradual closing of the tramway. The depot was demolished in 1988.
# Đinh Thị Thùy Dung

Đinh Thị Thùy Dung (born 25 August 1998) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a midfielder for Women's Championship club Than Khoáng Sản and the Vietnam women's national team.
# Ria Vandervis

Ria Vandervis (born 5 July 1984) is a New Zealand actress. She is most known for her role as Harper Whitley in Shortland Street and Miratrix in Power Rangers Operation Overdrive.

## Career

From 2002 to 2006, Vandervis acted in multiple UNITEC theatre productions and short films. Between 2004 and 2006 Vandervis starred in various short films such as the Lovely Creature, A Telling Time, Tough Fortune Cookies and Billy for Lilly as Siren, Julia, Fran and Sarah respectively. In 2007, Vandervis played a supporting role as Cindy Cockburn in the film The Devil Dared Me To. Vandervis also played Miratrix in the TV series Power Rangers Operation Overdrive. In 2009 Vandervis played various television roles, starting in Packed to the Rafters as Layla Soubrani, The Cut, Underbelly and Rescue: Special Ops. In 2010, Vandervis played the regular role of Senior Constable Roxanne Perez in the Nine Network police drama Cops L.A.C. In 2013, Vandervis played Detective Christie Mills in the TV3 police drama Harry.
Later in 2013 Vandervis was cast as Harper Whitley in TV2 New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street. Vandervis was originally hired under a 6-month recurring contract that was later extended to a regular role. Vandervis originally commuted between Dunedin and Auckland for filming. A fan of the soap named her daughter 'Harper Ria' in honour of Vandervis and her character. Vandervis also has stated that she gets stopped for autographs and photos.

## Personal life

Vandervis was born in Dunedin in the South Island of New Zealand in 1984. She attended Columba College in the Dunedin suburb of Roslyn, followed by Auckland's UNITEC School of Performing & Screen Arts, where she completed a three-year course in acting. Vandervis later moved to Sydney, Australia to pursue more acting roles. She is married to Chris Ashton as of 2012. When cast in the regular role of Harper Whitley, Vandervis struggled with the extension of her contract due to personal relationship issues and considered quitting the show. She also works as a marriage celebrant and helps out in her husband's clothing business.

## Filmography

Film and television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2004 | Lovely Creature | Siren | Short film |
| 2004 | A Telling Time | Julia | Short film |
| 2005 | Tough Fortune Cookies | Fran | Short film |
| 2006 | Billy for Lilly | Sarah | Short film |
| 2007 | The Devil Dared Me To | Cindy Cockburn | Feature film |
| 2007 | Power Rangers Operation Overdrive | Miratrix | Main role |
| 2009 | Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities | Kay Reynolds | Episodes: "Stranded", "A Nice Little Earner", "Diamonds", "Judas Kiss" |
| 2009 | The Cut | Vanessa Stewart | TV miniseries |
| 2009 | Rescue: Special Ops | Jasmine | Episode: "Thrillseekers" |
| 2009 | Packed to the Rafters | Layla Soubrani | Recurring role (series 2) |
| 2010 | Cops L.A.C. | Roxanne Perez | Main role |
| 2013 | Harry | Det. Christie Mills | TV series |
| 2013–2024 | Shortland Street | Harper Whitley | Regular role |
# Solenopsora

Solenopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Catillariaceae. It has 15 species, with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.

## Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1855, with Solenopsora requienii assigned as the type species. However, this species had previously been described in 1840 by Camille Montagne, as Parmelia holophaea.

## Description

Solenopsora lichens produce thalli of various morphologies, including crust-like (crustose), scaley (squamulose), and leafy (foliose). Depending on the species, the apothecia may be immersed on the substrate, emergent on the substrate surface, or somewhat elevated on a stalk (stipitate). A combination of microscopic characteristics define the genus Solenopsora. They all have asci that contain eight spores, and are of the Catillaria-type. This means that they have a prominent, amyloid tholus (the thickened inner part of the tip of an ascus) that lacks any internal differentiation such as an axial body. They have simple (i.e. unbranched) paraphyses with an internal brown pigmentation and club-shaped tips. Their ascospores are colourless and translucent (hyaline), and contain a single septum.
Catillaria is a closely related genus that differs mainly in having a thallus that is always crustose, and apothecia with a proper margin.

## Habitat and distribution

Most Solenopsora species are found in the Northern Hemisphere, including Asia, Europe, western North Africa, North America, and the Canary Islands. Three species are known from Australia. Eight species occur in Europe.

## Species

As of December 2024, Species Fungorum accepts 15 species of Solenopsora:
* Solenopsora candicans (Dicks.) J.Steiner (1915)
* Solenopsora cesatii (A.Massal.) Zahlbr. (1919)
* Solenopsora chihuahuana B.D.Ryan & Timdal (2011)
* Solenopsora cladonioides B.D.Ryan & Timdal (2011)
* Solenopsora cyathiformis (Szatala) van den Boom (2004)
* Solenopsora elixiana Verdon & Rambold (1998) – Queensland; La Réunion; Taiwan
* Solenopsora grisea (Bagl.) Kotlov (2004)
* Solenopsora holophaea (Mont.) Samp. (1921)
* Solenopsora isidiata van den Boom & Ertz (2012)
* Solenopsora liparina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1919)
* Solenopsora olivacea (Dufour) H.Kilias (1981)
* Solenopsora requienii A.Massal. (1855)
* Solenopsora sordida (C.W.Dodge) D.J.Galloway (2004) – New Zealand
* Solenopsora tasmanica Kantvilas (2004) – Tasmania
* Solenopsora vulturiensis A.Massal. (1856) – Western Australia; Europe; Macaronesia
# Steve Darrell

Steve Darrell (born Darrell Eugene Horsfall, November 19, 1904 – August 14, 1970) was an American actor, also known as Stevan Darrell or Steven Darrell.

## Early life and career

A native of Osage, Iowa, Darrell was the first of four children born to Moss David Horsfall and Katherine Agnes McHugh. He attended Washington High School in Cedar Rapids.
Darrell's career began in 1931 when he acted with the Trousdale Players in Des Moines, Iowa, and worked with the Cedar Rapids Community Players.
He was cast as the wise Comanche chief Little Elk in the 1958 episode "Renegades" of Cheyenne.

## Death

Darrell died from a brain tumor in Hollywood, California. He is buried at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

## Partial filmography

* Code of the Secret Service (1939)
* Nothing but Trouble (1944)
* Heldorado (1946)
* Roll on Texas Moon (1946)
* Terrors on Horseback (1946)
* Lightning Raiders (1946)
* Gentlemen with Guns (1946)
* On the Old Spanish Trail (1947)
* Prairie Express (1947)
* Trailing Danger (1947)
* Valley of Fear (1947)
* Adventures of Frank and Jesse James (1948)
* Carson City Raiders (1948)
* I Wouldn't Be in Your Shoes (1948)
* Night Time in Nevada (1948)
* Partners of the Sunset (1948)
* Abandoned (1949)
* Riders in the Sky (1949)
* The Blazing Trail (1949)
* The Blazing Sun (1950)
* Cow Town (1950)
* Pecos River (1951)
* Jack Slade (1953)
* Dangerous Mission (1954)
* Tarantula (1955)
* The Tall Men (1955) as Colonel Norris, U.S. Cavalry
* Treasure of Ruby Hills (1955)
* The Monolith Monsters (1957)
* Wanted Dead or Alive (TV series)
** season 2 episode 8 (Bad Gun) : Sheriff Simmons
** season 2 episode 16 (Vanishing Act) : Sheriff Toole
* Gunsmoke (1965) as Judge
# Richard Mwanza

Richard Mwanza (5 May 1959 − 27 April 1993) was a Zambian footballer and member of the national team. He was among those killed in the crash of the team plane in Gabon in 1993.

## Career

Mwanza played club football for Kabwe Warriors F.C.
Mwanza made several appearances for the Zambia national football team and participated in the 1992 African Cup of Nations finals. He also played for Zambia at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of match played 30 January 1993.
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Zambia | 1988 | 3 | 0 |
| Zambia | 1989 | 0 | 0 |
| Zambia | 1990 | 1 | 0 |
| Zambia | 1991 | 1 | 0 |
| Zambia | 1992 | 1 | 0 |
| Zambia | 1993 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 8 | 0 |
# HMSHost

HMSHost is an American highway and airport food-service company, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Swiss company Dufry. As of 2014, Steve Johnson is the CEO of HMSHost.

## History

The company's origins are in the Van Noy Railway News and Hotel Company founded in 1897 by the Van Noy Brothers of Kansas City, Missouri.
On January 2, 1996, Host Marriott Services Corporation was created when Host Marriott Corporation divided into two separate companies. Host Marriott continued to own lodging real estate. Host Marriott Services Corporation held and operates concessions at airports, at rest stops on toll roads and freeways and at sports and entertainment attractions. Autogrill S.p.A. acquired the company in 1999, creating HMSHost. Dufry acquired the company from Autogrill in early 2023.
Along the way, the company grew through its many acquisitions. It found itself with airport contracts in 18 of the 20 largest airports in the United States. Through Kilmer Host Service Centres, a joint venture with the Canadian company Kilmer van Nostrand, HMSHost was also a partner in ONroute service centres in the Canadian province of Ontario from 2010 to 2019. Today the company manages franchise locations in 120 airports across North America and 80 highway stops in the northeastern and midwestern United States.
In 2021, HMSHost sold their United States toll road service area operations to Iris Buyer, LLC, a consortium of Blackstone Infrastructure Partners and Applegreen for $375 million.