OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James M. Turner (physicist)

James Marshall Turner is an American physicist and retired government official. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of International Affairs and as deputy director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Turner was also a founding member of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Black Students' Union.

## Early life and education

James Turner was raised in Washington, D.C., and attended Gonzaga College High School. He completed his undergraduate studies at Johns Hopkins University, and received his doctorate in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
While at MIT, Turner was a co-founder and one of the first co-chairs of the university's Black Students' Union, along with fellow students Charles Kidwell, Shirley Ann Jackson, Ronald E. Mickens, Sekazi Mtingwa, Jennifer Rudd, Nathan Seely, and Linda Sharpe. In 1968, the group issued the following demands to the MIT administration: "an increase in the number of black students and staff, as well as support for these students; the formation of a pre-freshman summer program (Project Interphase); and the development of a Task Force on Educational Opportunity."

## Career

After completing his doctoral studies, Turner was on the faculty of Southern University and Morehouse College in the physics department. At Morehouse, he was an Associate Professor of Physics and Engineering for five years beginning in 1973. As a professor there, he was advisor to the college's chapter of the Sigma Pi Sigma student society. During this time, he was also a member of the Committee on Opportunities in Science for the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as well as on similar committees for the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society.
Turner subsequently began a career in federal government that would last 37 years. He served as Senior Executive Service and served as the Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nuclear Risk Reduction in the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration. He also served as a deputy director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology beginning in April 2007; and was later director in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of International Affairs and Senior Adviser to the NOAA Administrator. He retired from the NOAA in 2013.
Turner is a member of numerous professional organizations, including the American Physical Society, the American Chemical Society, the American Nuclear Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ASTM, the Council on Foreign Relations, IEEE, Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi. He is currently director of the Daniel Alexander Payne Community Development Corporation Percy Julian Institute.

## Awards

* Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
* U.S. Government Presidential Rank Award for Meritorious Service
* DOE Exceptional Service Award
* Secretary of Energy Gold Award
* Edward Bouchet Legacy Award (2019)

## Personal life

Turner is married and has three children and five grandchildren.
# Wai Caves

Wai Caves are 9 Buddhist Caves, situated at Lonara, 7 km north of Wai. The Chaitya hall containing a Stupa has since been converted into a Shiva temple.
* Wai caves, Pandavgad Leni entrance.
* Wai caves, Lohare Leni (17°59′37″N 73°54′58″E﻿ / ﻿17.993732°N 73.916158°E﻿ / 17.993732; 73.916158).
# Baird v. State Bar of Arizona

Baird v. State Bar of Arizona, 401 U.S. 1 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled:
   A State's power to inquire about a person's beliefs or associations is limited by the First Amendment, which prohibits a State from excluding a person from a profession solely because of membership in a political organization or because of his beliefs.
In this case, a law school graduate who had passed the Arizona written bar examination had applied to be admitted to the Arizona bar, but had refused to answer a question as to whether she had ever been a member of the Communist party. On that basis, the State Bar of Arizona refused to admit her.
# Battle of Győr (1577)

The Battle of Győr was fought between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs on August 4, 1577, during a truce period. The Ottomans defeated the Habsburgs.

## Background

1577 during the harvest period, the Hungarians laid an ambush and captured three Ottomans from the castle of Székesfehérvár. Hearing this, the Ottoman governor of Székesfehérvár, Kara Ali, dispatched 110 cavalry to chase the Hungarians and on the next day, rode out with 500 cavalry. The Ottomans arrived at the village of Nyúl near Győr. Kara Ali surrounded the village without being noticed. On August 4, a peasant saw them and alerted the town of their arrival. The vice-captain of Győr, Gregoróczy Vince, dispatched a force of 60 hussars to meet the Ottomans under Vajda Kristóf and Rácz Péter. He warned both not to chase the Ottomans too far. The small force was surrounded by the Ottomans but managed to break off the encirclement.

## Battle

Meanwhile, a force of 300 Hadjuks under Péter Izdenczy, captain of the Hungarian infantry. The Hadjuk force had also two dozen German musketmen led by Károly Czelting. The retreating Hussars joined with the main force. The Hungarians formed two wings with the Hussars in the middle. An Ottoman cavalry force of 500-600 were rushing towards them. The infantry tried to establish a fortification of wagons with German muskets on them. The hussars were successful in diverting the Ottoman cavalry's focus away from them. The hussars were suddenly told to retreat by Czelting, leaving the infantry to face the Ottomans alone. In a few minutes, the Ottomans overran them and caused a great slaughter among them. Péter Izdenczy escaped leaving his troops in the battle. The battle ended disastrously with a loss of 236 killed or captured, while other sources state 316 killed or captured.

## Aftermath

The news of the defeat of the Győrs quickly spread both at home and abroad. In August, a committee went to Győr to find out the reason for the defeat. The commission inspected the battlefield, interrogated the Hungarian officers, and determined that the retreat was unnecessary and a mistake. According to the commission's opinion, the reason for the defeat was the general of Győr: Károly Czelting, because he ordered the hussars back. Gregoróczy was also warned to fill up the numbers of the garrison and make the provisions better.
# Tomb of Louis XII and Anne of Brittany

The Tomb of Louis XII and Anne of Brittany is a large and complex silver-gilt and marble sculptured 16th century funerary monument. Its design and build are usually attributed to the Juste brothers although the work of several other hands can be distinguished. Designed for and installed at the Saint-Denis Basilica, France, it was commissioned in 1515 in memory of Louis XII (d. 1515, aged 52) and his queen Anne of Brittany (d. 1514, aged 36), probably by Louis' successor Francis I (reigned 1515–1547), and after years of design and intensive building was unveiled in 1531.
The tomb's monumentality breaks from traditional medieval representations, and is influenced by classical sources, especially Roman, probably borrowed from Andrea Sansovino and contemporary Florentine sculptors. The art historian Barbara Hochstetler Meyer describes it as portraying the deceased "with a verism, poignancy, and sensitivity to nature rarely equalled in the north of Europe during the sixteenth century."

## Description

Louis is shown in the interior as a gaunt, rotting and naked recumbent cadaver, his head resting on a stone pillow. His death mask is a remarkably realistic depiction of the recently dead: his eyes are sunken into his skull, his skin is taut, his neck is especially emaciated, and his hair is very thin.
The stone slab above the tomb shows both alive and in full flesh. Louis and Anne are depicted kneeling beside with their hands clasped in prayer. Unusually, the king is not wearing a crown. He had suffered prolonged illness before his death, and the impact of this is made evident by his sagging skin and decrepit muscles. Nor is his age shied away from; he has a long curved nose, beady and alert but swollen eyes, and a double chin.
The arches of the tomb contains a number of groupings of seated figures, including apostles and figures representing the seven cardinal virtues. Beyond them, at each corner are four larger, also seated, female figures.

## Gallery

* Louis and Anne kneeling in prayer
* Justice, one of the seven cardinal virtues
* Courage
* Prudence
* Apostles
* Frontal view
# Olakur

Olakur is a village in Tamil Nadu located in the Villupuram District. The nearest town to Olakur is Tindivanam.
Olakur railway station is part of the Chennai Suburban Railway.
Olakur :
Next station northbound: Kasarangal
South Line, Chennai Suburban
Next station southbound: Panchalam
Stop number: 39
km from start: 113.86 :
# Irene Robertson

Irene Robertson (November 10, 1931 – October 28, 1994) was an American hurdler. She competed in the 80 metres hurdles at the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Simon Picken

Sir Simon Picken (born 23 April 1966) is a British High Court judge.
Picken was educated at Cardiff High School, then completed an LLB at University College, Cardiff in 1987 and a starred first-class LLM from Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1988.
He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1989, then established a practice at the bar in the area of commercial law, practising from 7 King's Bench Walk chambers from 1991. He took silk in 2006, served as a recorder in 2005 to 2015, a Deputy High Court judge from 2010. From 2009 to 2015, he was the Commercial Law QC to the Welsh Government. In addition to practice, he wrote Good Faith and Insurance Contracts which was taken into a fourth edition.
He was appointed a High Court judge in 2015, and received the customary knighthood. He has been a judge of the Commercial Court since 2016, is on the Financial List and is lead judge for European relations. From 2018 to 2021, he was the Presiding Judge of Wales.
In April 2022, he presided over Microsoft's £270 million competition case in which Microsoft encouraged customers to return unused licences in turn for a discount on Microsoft products; a Derbyshire-based company who bought and sold unused these licences said this stifled competition and was a violation of competition law.
He married Sophie Victoria Seddon in 1992, with whom he has one son and three daughters.
# Fabrice Do Marcolino

Fabrice Do Marcolino Anguilet (born 14 March 1983) is a Gabonese former professional footballer who played as a striker. He scored 15 goals in 57 appearances for the Gabon national team from 2004 to 2013.

## International career

He represented his country at the 2012 African Cup of Nations, during which Gabon, as hosts of the competition, reached the quarter-finals.

## Personal life

Fabrice's brother Arsène is also a former professional footballer. His older son Alan plays professionally, and his younger son Henrick plays in the Rennes academy, alongside his nephew Jonathan (Arsène's son).
# William Greene (economist)

William H. Greene (born January 16, 1951) is an American economist. He was formerly the Robert Stansky Professor of Economics and Statistics at Stern School of Business at New York University. Greene is currently a Professor of Economics at the University of South Florida.

## Biography

In 1972, Greene graduated with a Bachelor of Science in business administration from Ohio State University. He also earned a master's degree (1974) and a Ph.D. (1976) in econometrics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Before accepting his position in NYU, Greene worked as a consultant for the Civil Aeronautics Board in Washington, D.C.
Greene is the author of a popular graduate-level econometrics textbook: Econometric Analysis, which has run to 8th edition as of 2017. He is the founding editor-in-chief of Foundations and Trends in Econometrics journal.

## Selected publications

* Greene, William H. (1981). "On the Asymptotic Bias of the Ordinary Least Squares Estimator of the Tobit Model". Econometrica. 49 (2): 505–513. doi:10.2307/1913323. JSTOR 1913323.
* Greene, William H. (1980). "Maximum likelihood estimation of econometric frontier functions". Journal of Econometrics. 13 (1): 27–56. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(80)90041-X.
* Christensen, Laurits R.; Greene, William H. (1976). "Economies of Scale in U.S. Electric Power Generation". Journal of Political Economy. 84 (4): 655–676. doi:10.1086/260470. JSTOR 1831326. S2CID 154150052.
# National Digital Library Program

The National Digital Library Program (NDLP) is a project by the United States Library of Congress to assemble a digital library of reproductions of primary source materials to support the study of the history and culture of the United States. The NDLP brought online 24 million books and documents from the Library of Congress and other research institutions.

## History

Begun in 1995 after a five-year pilot project, the program began digitizing selected collections of Library of Congress archival materials that chronicle the nation's history. In order to reproduce collections of books, pamphlets, motion pictures, manuscripts and sound recordings, the Library has created a range of digital entities: bitonal document images, grayscale and color pictorial images, digital video and audio, and searchable e-texts. To provide access to the reproductions, the project developed a range of descriptive elements: bibliographic records, finding aids, and introductory texts and programs, as well as indexing the full texts for certain types of content.
The reproductions were produced with a variety of tools: image scanners, digital cameras, devices that digitize audio and video, and human labor for rekeying and encoding texts. American Memory employs national-standard and well established industry-standard formats for many digital reproductions, e.g., texts encoded with Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and images stored in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) files or compressed with the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) algorithm. In other cases, the lack of well established standards has led to the use of emerging formats, e.g., RealAudio (for audio), QuickTime (for moving images), and MrSID (for maps). Technical information by types of material and by individual collections is also available on the site.
The Library received funding from Congress and private sector donations, sponsoring a three-year competition to enable institutions like libraries to digitize their U.S. history collections.
# Eubranchipus intricatus

Eubranchipus intricatus, the intricate or smooth-lipped fairy shrimp, is a species of fairy shrimp in the genus Eubranchipus.

## Range

The central prairies of the United States and Canada, with a disjunct eastern population in Vermont and Massachusetts.

## Habitat

Wetlands and ephemeral vernal pools.
# Bardentreffen

The Bardentreffen (German for bards' meeting) is an annual open-air music festival in Nuremberg, Germany. The first Bardentreffen took place on the 400th anniversary of the death of meistersinger Hans Sachs in 1976.

## Setup

The venues are spread over the whole historical city and the event takes place on the first weekend of the school summer holidays in Bavaria. Starting with a more political approach including singer songwriter groups of the political left, the Bardentreffen grew into a more multicultural approach and has established itself as an important venue for professional and amateur bands of world music.
There are no entry tickets, the city of Nuremberg and various sponsors take care of band fees and organization. Charly Fischer was head of the organization of the Bardentreffen for nearly 30 years and went into retreat 2014. Besides "official" sponsored gigs, a part of the city is open for amateurs.

## Style

The background of the group is traditional folk, "Trends" and "experimental", however any band taking part has to mix own vocals and instruments, instrumental only and mere cover bands are not allowed. Venues comprise among others the Hauptmarkt, Lorenzer Platz, Sebalder Platz, the Schütt island and St. Katharina. Famous contributors include among other Klaus Lage, Konstantin Wecker, Mark Gillespie, Alan Stivell, Fiddler's Green, The Cat Empire, Barbara Thalheim, Kvitretten, Joan Armatrading, Leningrad Cowboys, Donnie Munro, Vadim Kurilev, Anne Clark, Astrid North and LaBrassBanda. It is an official policy to provide a genuine mix of newcomers and established bands.

## Special motto

In 2014, the festival used the motto "war and peace" referring to the centenary of the beginning of World War I. Pippo Pollina and Aziza Brahim were among the most famous acts on the festival. The 2014 festival has been deemed the largest world music festival in Germany, starring 368 artists from 31 nations.
# Nan Gindele

Nan Gindele Bauman (August 5, 1910 – March 26, 1992) was an American athlete, excelling in basketball, softball, and track and field. She set the world record in javelin in 1932, which was not broken until six years later. She competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics, the first year that javelin was a women's event at the Olympics. Gindele played on the first two national champion women's softball teams, the Great Northern Laundry team of 1933 and the Hart Motors Girls in 1934. In basketball, she competed throughout the 1930s on many of the top women amateur teams.

## Early life

Ferdinanda Kathryn "Nan" Gindele was born in Chicago, Illinois. She attended Carl Schurz High School, graduating in February 1929. There she was captain of the girls' basketball team. She trained as a teacher the Chicago Normal School of Physical Education and Northwestern University.

## Career in sports

Nan Gindele taught physical education in Chicago schools, and was a member of the Illinois Women's Athletic Club. Gindele was the national title holder for basketball throw from 1933 to 1936. She set the javelin world record in 1932, at a meet in Chicago, four weeks before the Olympic trials. That record was not broken until 1938.
At the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 1932, Gindele placed fifth in javelin; her teammate Mildred Didrikson took the gold medal. Of her fifth-place finish, she told an interviewer later in life, "I was 22, and that was the farthest I’d ever traveled. I was almost too frightened to compete, but I told myself, 'Oh, for goodness sake, just do your best. Just you stand there, even if you don’t want to do this.'"
She competed in the National Track Games in Madison Square Garden in 1933. Although she was mentioned as a possible competitor at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, and she was still the world record holder for women's javelin, Gindele did not qualify, edged out of qualifying by Gertrude Wilhelmsen.

## Personal life

Nan Gindele married a teacher colleague, Milton J. Bauman, and had twin sons. Nan Gindele Bauman died in 1992, aged 81 years, in Barrington, Illinois.
# Linda Craddock

Linda Craddock (aka Brock, Edgar, Green) (born 1952) is a Canadian visual artist living in Calgary, Alberta. Her work has been featured in exhibitions since 1973.

## Early life and education

Craddock was born and raised in Vegreville, Alberta. She attended Alberta College of Art + Design (1970-1974) and completed her BFA (1979-1981) and MFA (1986-1988) at the University of Calgary. In 1987 the National Gallery of Canada purchased a series of six of Craddock’s photographs to add to the Canadian Photography Institute's collection.

## Career

In 1988 Craddock moved to Vancouver Island where she resided with her family and worked at a post secondary photography school in Victoria. In 1997 she moved to one of the Gulf Islands and employed the location’s remoteness to reflect upon her art. Craddock (then working under the name Linda Brock) found that the island's remoteness promoted contemplation of her prior life, living in the Prairies, enabling her to "go back to other times and places with ease and grace." Her exhibition Awaiting Memories (2003) was vastly inspired by these reflections on her personal life. After six years of living on Pender Island, Craddock returned to Calgary, becoming involved with the Calgary Board of Education and teaching photography at the University of Calgary.
In the series of paintings for the exhibition Hometown Dreams: Memory and Change, Craddock examined the elusiveness of experience, memory and time. In Hometown Dreams she explored her relationship with the community of rural Alberta. Craddock states, " None of us live [sic]exclusively in the present. What we understand as being 'now' is in fact an amalgamation of personal and collective experiences interactive with a current framework of existence. This defines who we are..."
A source of inspiration for the exhibition Levitas, was Banff National Park, where Craddock created a series of paintings centered on the sensation of levitation that she describes as a experience that exists in our dream state, "A desire to be 'free' or to transcend the bounds of gravity also results in our spiritual aspirations and changes the shape of our memories."
Craddock's work has been exhibited nationally in Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan as well as being a part of a touring exhibition with the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, titled Portraits of Women in 1990. Her work is included in the collections of the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, Ottawa, ON; the Art Gallery of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; and the Alberta Foundation for the Arts, AB.