OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Ward (diplomat, died 1890)

John Ward (1805–1890) was an English diplomat.

## Early life

He was born on 28 August 1805 at East Cowes, where his father, John Ward, was collector of customs. His mother Martha was a sister of Thomas Arnold of Rugby. As a young man he associated with Arnold, Richard Whately and other liberals.
In 1831 Ward edited with Arnold the short-lived weekly The Englishman's Register, of which Arnold was the proprietor. He gave up the law, for which he had been trained, on his appointment in 1837 to an inspectorship of prisons. The following year, after some months as private secretary to John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, became through his influence secretary to the New Zealand Colonization Company.

## Diplomat

Early in 1841 Ward was appointed British commissioner for the revision of the State tolls. In 1844 he was sent to Berlin as British commissioner for the settlement, through the arbitration of Frederick William IV of Prussia, of the so-called Portendic claims on France, arising out of a blockade by French ships of part of the African coast.
In summer 1845 Lord Aberdeen appointed Ward consul-general at Leipzig, with a commission to visit places in Germany where conferences of the Zollverein would be held. At the end of 1850 Lord Palmerston instructed him to act as secretary of legation at Dresden during the diplomatic conferences held in there, and he saw the results achieved by the policy of Austria, represented by Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg. In 1854 he attended the Munich exhibition of arts and manufactures, and wrote a report on the state of technical instruction in Bavaria. In 1857 he was charged with a political inquiry into Schleswig-Holstein; but his report was left unpublished by Lord Clarendon.
In 1860 Ward, after being made a C.B., was nominated chargé d'affaires and consul-general for the Hanse Towns and the surrounding parts of Germany. Negotiating in 1865, with Lord Napier and Ettrick, a commercial treaty with the Zollverein, he was in 1866 raised to the rank of minister-resident.

## Later life

In 1870, after the abolition of direct diplomatic relations with the Hanse Towns when they joined the North German Confederation, Ward left Hamburg. The rest of his life he spent in retirement, at Dover and in Essex, writing his Reminiscences.
Ward died at Dover on 1 September 1890.

## Works

Ward published in 1839 an account of the resources of New Zealand, for New Zealand Colonization Company. He wrote articles on both home and foreign affairs in the Edinburgh Review and British and Foreign Review. Experiences of a Diplomatist (1872) was based on three decades of diaries from his time in Germany.

## Family

Ward married Caroline, daughter of John Bullock, rector of Radwinter, Essex, who survived him until 1905. Their second son was Adolphus William Ward.
# Eutelsat 33B

Eutelsat 33B, formerly known as Eutelsat 3F1, Eutelsat W1, Eutelsat W5, Eutelsat 70A and Eutelsat 25C, is a telecommunications satellite owned by Eutelsat Consortium. Eutelsat W5 provides coverage to Europe, Middle East, and Asia. The satellite can use either six steerable beams or two fixed beams to provide the coverage.

## Satellite description

Eutelsat W1 was built by Aérospatiale and is a Spacebus-3000B2 satellite. The satellite measures 4.6 m × 2.5 m × 1.8 m (15.1 ft × 8.2 ft × 5.9 ft) and has a span of 29 m (95 ft) on orbit. Eutelsat W1 features three axis stabilization to help keep it stable and pointed at the Earth at all times. It features twenty-four K$_u$ band transponders. It was used to provide video distribution and contribution links, occasional-use video as well as Internet backbone connections.

## Eutelsat W5

The original Eutelsat W1 satellite was damaged during construction by a malfunctioning fire extinguishing system. During testing, when the factory where it was being built caught fire. The cause of the fire was determined to be a carbon fiber wall which got too hot when the antennas were pointed at it and turned up on full power. The satellite was covered in water causing extensive damage. It was declared a total loss, but was later reconstructed and completed as Eutelsat W5.

## Eutelsat 70A

Eutelsat 70A was the first satellite to be launched by a Delta IV launch vehicle. The launch was originally scheduled for January 2001, but was delayed several times due to developmental problems with the Delta IV. On 27 March 2007, Eutelsat 70A began drifting west at a rate of 0.004° per day. It is not known why this began to happen. On 16 June 2008, a power generation anomaly occurred and four transponders were permanently lost. It was later revealed that one of the two solar panels was lost because the array's drive motor failed.

## Eutelsat 25C

In 2013, it was replaced by Eutelsat 70B at 70° East and was then moved to 25° East where it was renamed to Eutelsat 25C.

## Eutelsat 33 B

In October 2015, Eutelsat 33B was deactivated because of the loss of its second solar panel.
# Ted Schmitz

Ted Schmitz is a gridiron football executive, coach, and broadcaster who currently serves as the Director of Player Personnel of the Indoor Football League's Bloomington Extreme.
Schmitz joined the Extreme in 2005 as the team's head coach. In 2008, he moved to the front office as Director of Player Personnel, but also assumed the role of Defensive Coordinator. In 2010, he returned to the head coaching position after the Extreme got off to a 3-5 under Kenton Carr. Bloomington went 6-0 under Schmitz and made the IFL playoffs.
Prior to joining the Extreme, Schmitz was an assistant at Eastern Illinois, Augustana College, Illinois State and Illinois Wesleyan and was the radio color commentator on ISU football broadcasts. Schmitz also spent eight seasons as a defensive assistant with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and served as the interim head coach for six games during the 1987 season after head coach Al Bruno suffered a mild heart attack.

## Coaching record

| Team | Year | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Postseason | Postseason | Postseason |
| Team | Year | Won | Lost | Ties | Win % | Finish | Won | Lost | Result |
| HAM | 1987 | 1 | 5 | 0 | .167 | 3rd in East Division | 0 | 0 | Interim head coach |
| BLO | 2006 | 5 | 10 | 0 | .333 | 2nd in Central Division | 0 | 0 | Missed playoffs |
| BLO | 2007 | 8 | 7 | 0 | .533 | 4th in Eastern Division | 1 | 1 | Lost to Lexington Horsemen 67-49 |
| BLO | 2010 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 2nd in Central North Division | 0 | 1 | Lost to Wichita Wild 61-48 |
| CFL Total | | 1 | 5 | 0 | .167 | | 0 | 0 | |
| UIFL Total | | 13 | 17 | 0 | .433 | | 1 | 1 | |
| IFL Total | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | | 0 | 1 | |
# Feulgen stain

Feulgen stain is a staining technique discovered by Robert Feulgen and used in histology to identify chromosomal material or DNA in cell specimens. It is darkly stained. It depends on acid hydrolysis of DNA, therefore fixating agents using strong acids should be avoided.
The specimen is subjected to warm (60 °C) hydrochloric acid, then to Schiff reagent. In the past, a sulfite rinse followed, but this is now considered unnecessary. Optionally, the sample can be counterstained with Light Green SF yellowish. Finally, it is dehydrated with ethanol, cleared with xylene, and mounted in a resinous medium.
DNA should be stained red. The background, if counterstained, is green.
The Feulgen reaction is a semi-quantitative technique. If the only aldehydes remaining in the cell are those produced from the hydrolysis of DNA, then the technique is quantitative for DNA. It is possible to use an instrument known as a microdensitometer or microspectrophotometer to actually measure the intensity of the pink Feulgen reaction for a given organelle. Using this procedure, it was early determined that interphase cells were composed of two populations, those with diploid DNA and those with tetraploid DNA (two complete genomes). The nuclei looked identical, but one contained twice as much DNA. This gave rise to the division of the interphase period of the cell cycle to G1, S, and G2 phases based on the synthesis of that extra DNA.
# TLTx

Theraphosa leblondi toxin (TLTx) is a toxin occurring in three different forms (subtypes) that are purified and sequenced from the venom of the giant tarantula Theraphosa blondi. This toxin selectively inhibits Kv4.2 voltage-gated potassium channels by acting as a gating modifier.

## Chemistry

TLTx is part of the family of Kv4-specific tarantula toxins, which are short peptides with a disulfide-bonded core domain. Other members of this family are heteropodatoxins and phrixotoxins.
Three homologous peptides (TLTx1, 2 and 3) have been isolated from the venom of the tarantula. They consist of 35 amino acids, with a mass of <5 kDa. They form a total of 3 disulfide bonds between the side chains of cysteine, of which the positions in the sequence are identical in all subtypes of the toxin. The homology with other tarantula toxins suggests that TLTx also forms and inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif.

## Target

The main difference between the three TLTx subtypes is their affinity for the Kv4.2 voltage-dependent potassium channel. TLTx1 has the highest affinity with an IC50 of 193 nM, followed by TLTx2 with an IC50 of about 800 nM. For TLTx3 the IC50 has not been measured.

## Mode of action

TLTx1 acts as a gating modifier on Kv4.2 channels. TLTx1 shifts the voltage dependence of activation of Kv4.2 channels to more positive potentials, slows its activation and speeds up its deactivation kinetics. Additionally, TLTx decreases their rate of inactivation. The binding site that TLTx most likely interacts with is the linker region between the transmembrane segments S3 and S4. In addition, the S1-S2 and S5-S6 loops may also play a role.

## Toxicity

By blocking the transient Kv4.2 potassium channels, TLTx may interfere with action potential repolarisation, leading to prey paralysis. No fatal episodes have been reported for humans.
# Enriqueta Reza

Enriqueta Reza (3 April 1893 – 17 September 1968) was a Mexican actress, performing during the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. She acted in a total of 67 films and won the Ariel Award for A Family Like Many Others in 1950.

## Biography

Enriqueta Reza was born on 3 April 1893. Her first cinema appearance was in 1943 in the movie Toros, Amor y Gloria. She acted in a total of 67 movies.
In her youth she had established her own theater company and managed to create unforgettable characters for the Mexican scene.
She won the Ariel Award as a best supporting actress in 1950 with the movie Una famila de tantas. Her most notable films were "In the palm of your hand", "La maquerida", "El siete Machos", "Los bandidos de Rio Frio", "El ahijado de la muerte", and "Lluvia roja" The last part she took in a film was during 1968 – "Los recuerdos del porvenir".

### Legacy

Annually, in Mexico, there is a film festival de San Sebastian in which movies from the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema are viewed. Pictures and movies of the actress are presented there in front of the audience.

## Filmography
### Partial filmography

| Year | Movie |
| 1954 | Untouched |
| 1951 | El siete machos |
| 1951 | Deseada |
| 1951 | En la palma de tu mano |
| 1950 | The Little House |
| 1950 | Red Rain |
| 1950 | Black Angustias |
| 1950 | Rosauro Castro |
| 1949 | La malquerida |
| 1947 | Strange Appointment |
| 1945 | Adam, Eve and the Devil |

### Ariel Awards

| Year | Category | Film | Result |
| 1947 | Best Female Role | Canaima | Nominated |
| 1950 | Best Supporting Actress | Una familia de tantas | Won |
# Ecologically Critical Area

An Ecologically Critical Area (ECA) is an environmental protection zone in Bangladesh. In 1995, specific areas in Bangladesh could be deemed Ecologically Critical Areas as a result of the Environmental Conservation Act.
Bangladesh has a wide variety of ecosystems that include over 300 rivers that creates marine and fresh water environments. There are a multitude of areas that have been considered ECAs. Cox's Bazar is on the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar in the southeast corner of Bangladesh. The Teknaf Peninsula is 80 km of sandy beach and holds a variety of species as one of the longest beaches in the world. The Sonadia Islands are home to some of the last mangrove forests that house distinct species that can tolerate the high salinity of the mangrove forests in this area. The Sundarbans also contain mangrove forests and was named an ECA because it continues to suffer from over-exploitation and illegal urban development. St. Martin's Island is known for its coral-algal that overwhelms its rocky reefs. The island is a refuge for globally threatened marine species. Finally, the Hakaluki Haor found in greater Sylhet is an ECA because it has an extensive amount of wetland habitats that support a wide variety of life.
Gulshan-Baridhara Lake was declared an ECA in 2001. In September 2009, the four rivers around the capital city Dhaka—Buriganga River, Shitalakshya River, Turag River and Balu River—have been declared by the Department of Environment as ECAs. In 2012, Piyain River in Sylhet was declared as the 5th river to be an ECA.
# Lycosomus

Lycosomus is a genus in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. This genus has a single species, Lycosomus mirabilis, found in Cameroon and Madagascar.
This species was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1903.
# Mari Rabie

Mari Rabie (born 10 September 1986) is a South African triathlete who competed in the 2008 & 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Rabie was elected as a Rhodes Scholar for 2010. She graduated with a Masters in Applied Statistics from St Catherine's College Oxford in 2011 and an MBA at Oxford University in 2013 at Exeter College. She has completed her degree in Actuarial Science at the University of Stellenbosch in 2009 and attended Bloemhof Girls' High School in Stellenbosch.
In 2008, she finished 43rd in the Olympic triathlon event after suffering severe technical problems with her bike. She described Beijing as her "greatest disappointment ever", only once returning to International Competition with a 4th place in 2010.
Rabie returned to racing briefly between her two Oxford degrees with a 3rd-place finish at the World Xterra Championships in Maui, Hawaii in 2012.
She briefly returned to racing in 2014 and was diagnosed with myocarditis in June 2014, she resumed training in 2015 & qualified for the Rio Olympic Games where she finished 11th. She obtained her Oxford MBA in 2013.
Rabie retired from professional sport in October 2016.

## Results
### 2016 results

* 11th Olympic Games Rio

### 2012 results

* 3rd Xterra World Championships

### 2010 results

* 1st South African Ironman 70.3
* 1st South African Xterra
* South African Champion
* 4th ITU World Cup Triathlon, Monterrey Mexico

### 2008 results

* All African Champion
* South African Champion
* 3rd World U23 Triathlon Championships
# Tanya Swanepoel

Tanya Swanepoel is a paralympic athlete from South Africa competing mainly in category F33 shot put and discus events.
Swanepoelcompeted in the shot put and discus throw at both the 2000 Summer Paralympics and the 2004 Summer Paralympics. It was in the first of these two games that she won her medals, a bronze in the discus and a silver in the shot put.
# Cecile van der Merwe

Cecile van der Merwe (born 16 April 1987), is a South African chess player and Woman International Master (WIM, 2004).

## Biography

In 2001, in Cairo she finished 4th in the African Women's Chess Championship. In 2003, in Abuja, she finished 2nd in the African Women's Chess Championship. In 2003, she played for South Africa in the World Girls' Junior Chess Championship and finished in 16th place. In 2004, Cecile van der Merwe participated in the Women's World Chess Championship by knock-out system and lost in the first round to Humpy Koneru.
Cecile van der Merwe has played for South Africa in the following events:
* Women's Chess Olympiad - participated 4 times (2000-2004, 2012);
* Women's World Team Chess Championship - participated in 2011;
* All-Africa Games chess tournament - participated in 2003 and won the team silver medal and individual gold medal.
In 2004, she was awarded the FIDE International Women Master title.
# Nolan Hoffman

Nolan Hoffman (born 23 April 1985) is a South African road and track cyclist, who currently rides for South African team Enza. He was suspended for eighteen months after he tested positive for the use of testosterone on 18 October 2009. He competed in the scratch event at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2012, 2013 and 2014, winning the silver medal in 2012.

## Major results
### 2005

    1st Stage 3 (TTT) Tour d'Egypte

### 2007

    5th Road race, African Road Championships

### 2008

    1st Powerade Dome 2 Dome Cycling Spectacular
    4th Overall Tour de Korea
       1st Stage 9

### 2009

    1st Stage 1 Tour de Korea
    3rd Giro del Capo IV

### 2011

    All-Africa Games
       1st Road race
       1st Team time trial (with Jay Thomson, Reinardt Janse van Rensburg and Darren Lill)

### 2012

    2nd Scratch, UCI Track Cycling World Championships

### 2014

    1st Cape Town Cycle Tour
    1st Points classification Mzansi Tour

### 2015

    1st Cape Town Cycle Tour
    KZN Autumn Series
       8th Mayday Classic
       10th PMB Road Classic

### 2018

    1st 100 Cycle Challenge
    1st Cape Town Cycle Tour
    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 2019

    Tour of Good Hope
       1st Points classification
       1st Stage 1
    3rd 100 Cycle Challenge

### 2021

    1st Cape Town Cycle Tour
# Miguel Ángel Ferriz

Miguel Ángel Ferriz (29 November 1899 – 1 January 1967) was a Mexican film actor.

## Selected filmography

* The Night of the Mayas (1939)
* I Will Live Again (1940)
* The Rock of Souls (1942)
* The Eternal Secret (1942)
* The Rebel (1943)
* The Spectre of the Bride (1943)
* Lady Windermere's Fan (1944)
* Nana (1944)
* Rosalinda (1945)
* The Hour of Truth (1945)
* Nocturne of Love (1948)
* Red Rain (1950)
* The Man Without a Face (1950)
* Streetwalker (1951)
* The Martyr of Calvary (1952)
* Sister Alegría (1952)
* The Boy and the Fog (1953)
* The Strange Passenger (1953)
* Forbidden Fruit (1953)
* The Sword of Granada (1953)
* Genius and Figure (1953)
* Pain (1953)
* The Price of Living (1954)
* Camelia (1954)
* When I Leave (1954)
* The Murderer X (1955)
* The Bandits of Cold River (1956)
* Pablo and Carolina (1957)
* The Boxer (1958)
* The Life of Agustín Lara (1959)
* My Mother Is Guilty (1960)
* El proceso de las señoritas Vivanco (1961)
* The Fair of the Dove (1963)
# Story of the Negro

Story of the Negro by Arna Bontemps is a children's history book published by Knopf in 1948. It was the first African-American authored book to receive a Newbery Honor.

## Synopsis

The non-fiction book starts with a history dating back to 1700 BC, beginning with African civilizations such as the Ghana and Mandingo Empires. The horrors of the Atlantic slave trade are described, together with the causes and conditions of slavery in America, the Haitian Slave Revolt, and the Underground Railroad. Influential black leaders are examined, including Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and W. E. B. Du Bois. Bontemps said that the book, "consists mainly of things I learned after I left school that I wish I had known much earlier." The book includes a "theme poem" "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" by Langston Hughes.
The book is split into five different sections, The Ship Introduction, Men of the lakes How African civilizations worked, The Crossing The Columbian trade sent Africans to the New World under poor conditions. Slavery was outlawed in 1863, and people were allowed to move freely, often to New York, The bondage About the twentieth century and the struggle to win rights and Making a new world After the Civil rights act was approved, there was still plenty to do to make the world an equal place.

## Publishing history

The first edition was illustrated by Raymond Lufkin and published in 1948 by Knopf. Of the first edition Bontemps related "I would have given my eye teeth to know when I was a high school boy in California—the story that my history books barely mentioned(...)I tried to make clear how American slavery came about and what causes lay behind the present attitudes toward Negroes on the part of some people." Bontemps received his second Guggenheim Fellowship, which enabled him to revise and publish the second edition, an enlarged edition, in 1955. Knopf published three more editions, in 1958, 1964, and 1969. Revised editions of the book extend the history through the late 1960s, with the fifth edition including a new chapter on Black Power.

## Newbery Honor

Bontemps was the first African American author to be recognized with the Newbery Award, receiving a Newbery honor for Story of the Negro. Bontemps had corresponded with his friend Langston Hughes about his desire to win a Newbery Medal saying, "near misses don't make me happy. I'd like a jackpot, a bull's-eye, or something—sometime". This book fit in the trend at the time of the Newbery going to books which were about America. If not for this topic, a book about African Americans by African Americans might have struggled to receive recognition from the Newbery committee.

## Awards

* Newbery Honor (1949)
* Jane Addams Children's Book Award (1956)

## Reception

Arthur Spingarn, the president of the NAACP gave a positive response to the book: ""In the past thirty years I think I have owned and read every published history of the Negro. This is by all odds the best written, the most interesting, accurate, and concise work for the general reader.
# Digital United

Digital United, commonly known as SeedNet, is a Taiwanese Internet service provider based in Taipei. The service offers broadband services, including fiber-optic internet and ADSL connections.
It was first a Project SEED (Software Engineering Environment Development), sponsored by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and operated by the Institute for Information Industry to push-start Taiwan's local Internet market.
Digital United was established in 2000. Its major shareholders were Far Eastern Textile (20%), Asia Cement (20%), Singtel (18%), Uni-President Enterprises Corporation (10%), and China Development Industrial Bank (10%). In November, GigaMedia, a subsidiary of the Koos Group, was said to be interested in acquiring the service.
In 2005, Digital United launched a VoIP telephony service using the SIP-based network of American internet service TelTel. In August 2007, Singtel transferred its 24.5% stake in the provider for a 3.5% share of Far EasTone. Later that year, Digital United launched an online music platform to provide value-added services to its broadband Internet access customers.