OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aspar Circuit

The Aspar Circuit (formerly Circuit de la Ribera) is a 2.200 km (1.367 mi) motorsport complex located between the municipalities of Guadassuar and Algemesí, in the province of Valencia, in the Valencian Community, Spain. After being inaugurated in 2017 and with various problems that kept it closed for a long time, in 2022 it passed into the hands of Jorge Martínez Aspar together with Juan Roig, opening its doors again in May 2024 as a circuit and base for the Aspar Team.

## History

The Circuit de la Ribera project began to be carried out in mid-2015. At the end of 2016 the project obtained the environmental license and requested the works permit to begin the construction of the main building. Months later it was almost finished and was waiting to meet all the requirements for the opening which took place on 8 July 2017, with an opening party held on 22 July.
In 2019, the PSOE government of Guadassuar began to put obstacles to the circuit alleging that it did not comply with the Law of Shows and closed it. After endorsing the legality of the circuit by the Superior Court of Justice of the Valencian Community in 2020, it remained closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and because the municipal council continued to demand actions on it. Finally and after the situation did not improve, in the summer of 2021, the circuit's closure was formally announced.
The following year, Jorge Martínez Aspar and Juan Roig bought the facilities, with the aim of reopening the circuit, resuming its activities and establishing the headquarters of the Aspar Team there.

## Layout

The Aspar Circuit is a 350.000 m$^2$ (3,767.37 sq ft) sports complex capable of hosting several motorsports events simultaneously. It is basically divided into four areas:
* Main circuit: 2.200 km (1.367 mi) metres long, 400 m (1,300 ft) metres straight, 10 to 12 m (33 to 39 ft) wide, 10 left-hand bends and 10 right-hand bends.
* Karting circuit: 0.850 km (0.528 mi) long, 8 m (26 ft) wide, 7 left-hand bends and 9 right-hand bends. It is a replica of the main circuit.
* Dirt circuit for car-cross, flattrack and supermotard: 1.100 km (0.684 mi) long and 12 m (39 ft) wide.
* Drift and road safety school: It has an area of 18.000 m$^2$ (193.75 sq ft) of asphalt.
* Museum, helipad, infirmary, restaurant, multipurpose rooms and 18 professional boxes.

## Events

In 2024, the Aspar Circuit was used as the venue for the karting and cross car events of the FIA Motorsport Games.
# Jailbirds of Kerensky

Jailbirds of Kerensky (Russian: Птенцы Керенского, Ptentsy Kerenskogo) was an informal term used during the Russian Revolution for people who were released from Russian jails on amnesty. A total of three amnesties were enacted by Russian Minister of Justice Alexander Kerensky in 1917. According to some historians, about 90,000 political prisoners were released along with an unknown number of non-political prisoners.
When Kerensky was appointed a Minister of Justice in the newly established Russian Provisional Government, on 16 March [O.S. 3 March] 1917 the Russian Ministry of Justice abolished special civil courts, the Okhrana (Russian secret police), and the Russian Gendarmerie. On 19 March [O.S. 6 March] 1917 Kerensky's ministry issued an order of political amnesty. Following that on 27 March [O.S. 14 March] 1917 military amnesty was announced and after three days the Ministry of Justice issued a ruling "On the relief of the fate of persons who have committed criminal offenses" (Russian: Об облегчении участи лиц, совершивших уголовные преступления).
Following the amnesty, on 22 March [O.S. 9 March] 1917 the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) adopted a resolution about the Provisional Government which stated that the main task of the Soviets is "The universal arming of the people and, in particular, the immediate creation of a workers' Red Guard throughout the country". On 26 March 1917 this decision was published in the Bolshevik party newspaper "Pravda".
# Anthony Egwunyenga

Anthony Egwunyenga (born 22 July 1943) is a Nigerian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# César Batista

César Batista (born 6 October 1928) is a Portuguese former sports shooter. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Raúl Caldeira

Raúl Caldeira (21 January 1927 – 7 December 2020) was a Portuguese gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Giaour

Giaour or Gawur or Gavour (/ˈdʒaʊər/; Turkish: gâvur, Turkish pronunciation:; from Persian: گور gâvor; Romanian: ghiaur; Albanian: kaur; Greek: γκιαούρης, romanized: gkiaoúris; Bulgarian: гяур; Bosnian; kaur/đaur) meaning "infidel", is a slur used mostly in the lands of the former Ottoman Empire for non-Muslims or, more particularly, Christians in the Balkans.

## Terminology

The terms "kafir", "gawur", and "rûm" (the last meaning "Rum millet") were commonly used in defters (tax registries) for Orthodox Christians, usually without ethnic distinction. Christian ethnic groups in the Balkan lands of the Ottoman Empire included Greeks (rûm), Bulgarians (bulgar), Serbs (sırp), Albanians (arnavut) and Vlachs (eflak), among others.
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica described the term as follows:
   Giaour (a Turkish adaptation of the Persian gâwr or gōr, an infidel), a word used by the Turks to describe all who are not Mohammedans, with especial reference to Christians. The word, first employed as a term of contempt and reproach, has become so general that in most cases no insult is intended in its use; for example in parts of China, the term foreign devil has become void of offence. A strict analogy to giaour is found in the Arabic kafir, or unbeliever, which is so commonly in use as to have become the proper name of peoples and countries.
During the Tanzimat (1839–1876) era, a hatt-i humayun prohibited the use of the term by Muslims with reference to non-Muslims to prevent problems occurring in social relationships.

## European cultural references

* Giaour is the name given to the evil monster of a man in the tale Vathek, written by William Beckford in French in 1782 and translated into English soon after. The spelling Giaour appears in the French as well as in the English translation.
* In 1813 Lord Byron published his poem The Giaour: A Fragment of a Turkish Tale, whose themes revolve around the ideas of love, death, and afterlife in Western Europe and the Ottoman Empire.
* Le Giaour, an 1832 painting by Ary Scheffer, oil on canvas, "Musée de la Vie romantique", Hôtel Scheffer-Renan, Paris.
* Sonnet XL of Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850) by Elizabeth Barrett Browning contains these lines:
   Musselmans and Giaours Throw kerchiefs at a smile, and have no ruth For any weeping.
# José Gomes (judoka)

José Gomes (born 14 July 1954) is a Portuguese judoka. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Ainė Raupelytė

Ainė Raupelytė (born 28 July 2000) is a Lithuanian beach volleyball player. With Monika Paulikienė she played at 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.
# Hendrik de Kok

Hendrik de Kok (20 March 1902 – 24 May 1993) was a South African rower. He competed in the men's single sculls event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Carl Frederik Aagaard

Carl Frederik Peder Aagaard (29 January 1833 – 2 November 1895) was a Danish landscape painter and decorative artist. He studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and under P. C. Skovgaard. Many of his paintings focused on spots frequented by tourists.

## Biography

He was the son of a shoemaker. He had his first painting lessons in Odense but, in order to improve his skills, moved to Copenhagen in 1852 and joined his brother Johan [da], who was a woodcutter. He studied drawing on wood and etching, along with lessons in decorative painting from Georg Hilker. He also took some classes at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. Soon, he decided to focus on landscape painting and studied with P.C. Skovgaard.
Together with Hilker, he decorated the entrance hall at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, which has recently been restored. With Heinrich Hansen, he painted decorative borders for works by Wilhelm Marstrand in the chapel at Roskilde Cathedral. By himself, he worked at Frijsenborg, the Dagmar Theater [da] and the National Scala.
As a landscape painter, he had his first exhibit in 1857 and was awarded the Neuhausenske Prize [da]. In 1865, he became the first recipient of the Sødringske Opmuntrings Prize [da] for landscape painters with his work depicting an autumn morning at the Jægersborg Dyrehave, which was purchased by the National Gallery of Denmark. During the 1870s, he made two extended trips to Italy to sketch landscapes.

## Personal life

In 1858, he married Anna Pio (1836–1929); posthumously born daughter of the violinist, Pierre Theodore Pio (1810–1836). In 1874, he was elected a member of the Royal Academy. Five years later, he was appointed Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog and, in 1892, became a professor.
His home was designed by the architect, Vilhelm Dahlerup, using stones from the original Royal Danish Theater, which had recently been demolished to make way for a new one. The house was declared a cultural monument in 1977.
# Clarke Scholtz

Clarke Scholtz (12 February 1912 – 20 February 1989) was a South African middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres and 1500 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics where he was also the flag bearer for South Africa in the opening ceremony.
# George Ogan

George Ogan (born 20 July 1938) is a Nigerian athlete. He competed in the men's triple jump at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Moses Ugbisien

Moses Omote Ugbisien (born 11 December 1964) is a Nigerian athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metres.
Ugbisien is from the Delta State in Nigeria and is of Yoruban ancestry.
He competed for Nigeria in the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, United States in the 4 x 400 metre relay where he won the bronze medal with his teammates Sunday Uti, Rotimi Peters and Innocent Egbunike.
He also competed for Nigeria in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.
# Sorie Enda Nasution

Sorie Enda Nasution (born 28 August 1958) is an Indonesian weightlifter. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Theo Polhaupessy

Theo Polhaupessy (born 5 June 1933) is a former Indonesian cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
# Maram Sudarmodjo

Maram Sudarmodjo (25 January 1928 – 2006) was an Indonesian athlete and air force officer. He represented Indonesia in the men's high jump at the 1952 Summer Olympics, ranking 20th in the final standing. Previously he won a gold medal at the 1948 National Sports Week—Indonesia's national multi-sport event—and a bronze medal at the 1951 Asian Games. He later joined the Indonesian Air Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel before retiring.

## Biography
### Early life

Maram Sudarmodjo was born in Gemolong, now in Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, on 25 January 1928. During the Indonesian War of Independence (1945), he served in the Indonesian Students' Army [id]. As a youth, he did his high jump training in Sriwedari Stadium [id], Surakarta.

### Athletic career

Sudarmodjo competed in Indonesia's first multi-sport Games, Pekan Olahraga Nasional ("National Sports Week") in Surakarta, 1948. He won gold medal and broke the national record by clearing a 1.89 m bar. He then became part of the Indonesian team at the 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi, India. He won a bronze medal, also with the best jump of 1.89 m. Due to these achievements, he was selected to join the Indonesian team at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. This was the nation's first Olympics participation, and he would be one of the three Indonesians to compete, along with swimmer Habib Suharko and weightlifter Thio Ging Hwie.
The newly independent nation did not organize centralized training for its Olympics athletes. So before leaving for Helsinki, Sudarmodjo trained by himself in Ikada Stadium, Jakarta. Every day, he rode his bike to the stadium to train. He carried a hoe that he used to soften a patch of sand so that his landings would not hurt.
In the Olympics, he started in Group B of the qualifying round, where he cleared the 1.80 m, 1.84 m and 1.87 m bar, advancing to the final round. In the final round, he did not attempt the 1.70 m bar and cleared the 1.80 m one at first attempt. However, he did not clear the 1.90 m bar after three attempts. With these results, he ranked 20th overall.

### Later life

Later, Sudarmodjo joined the Indonesian Air Force, raising to the rank of lieutenant colonel before retiring. He died in 2006 due to liver failure.

## Personal life

Sudarmodjo was married to RA Soekandini (b. 1930) and they had five children.
# Alexander Wassa

Alexander Wassa (born 13 March 1963) is an Indonesian boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Eddy Sulistianto

Eddy Sulistianto (born 16 November 1961) is an Indonesian sailor. He competed in the Finn event at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# András Toma

András Toma (5 December 1925 – 30 March 2004) was a Hungarian soldier taken prisoner by the Red Army in 1944, then discovered living in a Russian psychiatric hospital in 2000. He was most likely the last prisoner of war from the Second World War to be repatriated.
Because Toma never learned Russian and nobody at the hospital spoke Hungarian, he had apparently not had a single conversation in over 50 years, a situation of great interest for the fields of psychiatry and psycholinguistics.

## Early life

Toma was born in 1925, in the village of Újfehértó, Hungary. He lived in the hamlet of Sulyánbokor, near Nyíregyháza, where he worked as a blacksmith's apprentice. He had two younger half-siblings through his father, a brother named János and a sister named Anna, who were 12 and 18 years younger than him, respectively.

## Military service

He was drafted into the Royal Hungarian Army in October 1944, during WWII, and he served in an artillery regiment. Later that year, while fighting near Auschwitz, Toma was captured by Soviet forces, and was transported to a prisoner of war camp east of Leningrad. Following the closure of the camp in 1947, he was transferred to a mental hospital in Kotelnich, where he was diagnosed with psychoneurosis. Since those in hospitals were removed from prisoner of war lists, Toma was lost to Hungarian authorities. He was declared dead in 1954.
Toma lived in the hospital for the next 53 years under the name András Tamás, where he was unable to communicate with others due to his inability to speak Russian. In 1997, a Slovakian doctor who spoke Hungarian visited the hospital, and identified him as Hungarian. On 11 August 2000, Toma arrived back in Hungary where authorities attempted to identify him. 82 families came forward, thinking he was their missing relative. On 16 September 2000, he returned to his hometown of Sulyánbokor, where he was reunited with his siblings; they were later confirmed through DNA matching. Since he was never discharged, Toma was promoted to sergeant major by the Minister of Defense, and since his military service had been continuous, his decades of accumulated unpaid salary were paid in full. Toma, then aged 74, moved in with his half-sister Anna, who cared for him until his death in 2004. He was buried with military honours.
# Leo Ouni

Leo Ouni (né Mäkelä; born 16 September 1988) is a Finnish curler. He competed at the 2015 Ford World Men's Curling Championship in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, as alternate for the Finnish national curling team.
# Mike Katz

Michael Katz (born November 14, 1944) is a former American IFBB professional bodybuilder and former professional football player with the New York Jets, most famous for his appearance with Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1977 bodybuilding documentary film Pumping Iron. He was paid $1,000 to sign a release for appearing in the film.
Mike Katz played football for Southern Connecticut State University and pro football for the New York Jets before ending his football career with a leg injury in 1968.
Katz appeared in the documentary Challenging Impossibility, commenting on the weightlifting odyssey of spiritual teacher and peace advocate Sri Chinmoy. The film was an Official Selection of the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival.
He is Jewish, and was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame and Museum.

## Early life

Katz was born in New Haven, Connecticut to Israel George and Anna Elsie Katz, and had an older sister, Linda. Katz's mother was a Swedish immigrant.

## Bodybuilding career
### Competitive statistics

* Height: 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
* Competition Weight: 240 lb (109 kg)
* Off Season Weight: 250–260 lb (113–118 kg)

### Competitive history

* 1963 Mr. Connecticut 2nd
* 1963 Mr. Insurance City 9th
* 1964 AAU Teen Mr. America; 4th Place
* 1964 AAU Teen Mr. America Most Muscular, 5th Place
* 1965 Mr. New England States 1st
* 1969 IFBB Mr. America Tall, 2nd Place
* 1970 IFBB Mr. America Tall & Overall, 4th Place
* 1970 AAU Mr. East Coast Tall & Overall, 4th Place
* 1971 IFBB Universe Tall, 3rd Place
* 1971 Beat Brandon Lewi for the Heavyweight Championship of the World
* 1972 IFBB Mr. International Tall, 2nd Place
* 1972 IFBB Mr. World tall & Overall 1st
* 1972 IFBB Universe Tall, 1st Place
* 1973 IFBB Universe Tall, 3rd Place
* 1974 IFBB Mr. International Tall, - 4th Place
* 1975 IFBB Universe Tall, 4th Place
* 1976 Mr. Olympia Over 200 lbs, 2nd Place
* 1980 NBA Natural Mr. America Professional, 4th Place
* 1980 IFBB World Pro Championships Did Not Place
* 1980 Retired after losing to Cooper Hayman in the National Strongman Competition
* 1981 Mr. Olympia 15th Place
# Wadi (disambiguation)

A wadi (from Arabic: وادي wādī) is a dry river or its valley.
Wadi may also refer to:
* Waddy, a hardwood Aboriginal Australian club
* WADI, a radio station in Corinth, Mississippi, United States
* Wadi, a fictional race in the Star Trek universe, see "Move Along Home"
* Wadi, a minor character on The Secret Saturdays
* Wadi, Karnataka, a town in India
* Wadi, Maharashtra, a town in India
* Wadi of the Maldives, a 13th-century Sultan of the Maldives
* Wadi', Arabic masculine given name
# Ilkka Tuomisto

Ilkka Tuomisto (born 19 January 1984) is a Finnish male Paralympic cross-country skier and biathlete. He has represented Finland at the Paralympics in 2010 and 2014 claiming two medals in his Paralympic career.

## Biography

Tuomisto was born on 19 January 1984 with his left arm got amputated at his birth. He received his first prosthetic arm at the age of five. He took the sport of skiing at the age of 18.

## Career

Tuomisto made his first appearance at the Winter Paralympics in 2010 and managed to claim a bronze medal in the men's 1 km Sprint Classic standing category. He was also the flagbearer for Finland at the 2010 Winter Paralympics during the opening ceremony of the multi-sport event.
He also took part in the 2014 Winter Paralympics and clinched a silver medal in the men's classic style standing category.
He is qualified to compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics and took a bronze medal in the men's 1.5 km Sprint Classic standing category.
# Teemu Wirkkala

Teemu Sakari Wirkkala (born 14 January 1984 in Kokkola) is a Finnish javelin thrower. His personal best throw is 87.23 metres, achieved in July 2009 in Joensuu.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Finland ||||||
| 2001 | World Youth Championships | Debrecen, Hungary | 7th | Javelin (700 g) | 70.98 m |
| 2002 | World Junior Championships | Kingston, Jamaica | 7th | Javelin | 70.98 m |
| 2003 | European Junior Championships | Tampere, Finland | 1st | Javelin | 79.90 m |
| 2005 | European U23 Championships | Erfurt, Germany | 6th | Javelin | 74.97 m |
| 2006 | European Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 13th (q) | Javelin | 79.05 m |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 12th | Javelin | 78.01 m |
| 2007 | World Athletics Final | Stuttgart, Germany | 4th | Javelin | 80.20 m |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, PR China | 5th | Javelin | 83.46 m |
| 2009 | Finnish Championships | Espoo, Finland | 1st | Javelin | 85.84 m |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 9th | Javelin | 79.82 m |
| 2009 | World Athletics Final | Thessaloniki, Greece | 6th | Javelin | 80.50 m |
| 2010 | European Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 5th | Javelin | 81.76 m |
| 2012 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | – | Javelin | NM |
| 2013 | World Championships | Moscow, Russia | 17th (q) | Javelin | 79.50 m |

## Seasonal bests by year

* 2000 – 68.21
* 2001 – 69.22
* 2002 – 74.56
* 2003 – 80.57
* 2004 – 80.97
* 2005 – 80.68
* 2006 – 82.82
* 2007 – 84.06
* 2008 – 84.10
* 2009 – 87.23
* 2010 – 86.53
* 2011 – 82.39
* 2012 – 83.73
* 2013 – 82.91
* 2014 – 77.45
* 2015 – 84.39
# Anna Astapenko

Anna Viktorovna Astapenko (Russian: Анна Викторовна Астапенко; born 18 August 1984) is a retired Russian football defender, who most recently played for ShVSM Izmailovo in the Russian Championship. A former Under-19 international, she has played in the Champions League with Energiya Voronezh.
# Abdelhamid Mehri

Abdelhamid Mehri (April 1926 – 30 January 2012) was an Algerian resistance fighter, soldier and politician.
Born into a destitute family in Constantine, Algeria, Abdelhamid Mehri joined the Algerian People's Party (PPA) at an early age. He studied in Tunisia, and developed contacts with the nationalist Neo Destour party. In Algeria, he became a prominent member of the PPA's successor organization Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD), and continued into the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), a guerrilla movement fighting for independence from French colonial rule. He was elected member of the GPRA, the FLN's exile government, as minister for Maghreb affairs in 1958; in 1961, he became minister of social and cultural affairs. After Algeria's independence in 1962, he briefly left politics, but gradually gained influence after the 1965 military coup d'état by col. Houari Boumédiène. In 1979, soon after Boumédiène's death, he was made member of the FLN's central committee and slowly rose in the ranks under president Chadli Bendjedid. After the 1988 October riots in Algeria, he succeeded hardliner Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia as FLN secretary-general.
After the subsequent change to a multiparty system, and the 1992 military coup, he brought the FLN into the opposition, and supported the Sant'Egidio platform urging national reconciliation with the Islamist current and the FIS as a solution for the Algerian Civil War, in a clear challenge to the éradicateur military elite that influenced Algerian politics behind the scenes. Soon after, he was gradually ousted from the party's central committee, which thereafter returned to supporting the security establishment. He died, aged 85, in Algiers.
# Stephen Morehouse Avery

Stephen Morehouse Avery (December 20, 1893 – February 10, 1948) was an American screenwriter. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Story for the film The Gay Deception.
Avery died on February 10, 1948, at the age of 54.

## Selected filmography

* The Gay Deception (1935; co-nominated with Don Hartman)
# Baillestavy

Baillestavy (French: ; Catalan: Vallestàvia) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

## Geography
### Localisation

Baillestavy is located in the canton of Le Canigou and in the arrondissement of Prades.
vtePlaces adjacent to Baillestavy :
Espira-de-Conflent (quadripoint)
Finestret
Glorianes
Estoher
Baillestavy
La Bastide
Valmanya :

### Hydrography

Baillestavy is crossed by the Lentillà river, a tributary of the Tech.

## Government and politics
### Mayors

| Mayor | Term start | Term end |
| Joseph Carboneill | 1815 | ? |
| Jean Guerre | 193? | 1959 |
| Remy Maler | 1959 | 1971 |
| Alain Taurinya | 1971 | 1989 |
| Claude Maynéris | 1989 | 2001 |
| Jacques Taurinya | 2001 | 2020 |
| Éric Mahieux | 2020 | incumbent |