OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Daniel Balvo

Charles Daniel Balvo (born June 29, 1951) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has been serving in diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1987. His current posting is as apostolic nuncio to Australia. He has been an apostolic nuncio and archbishop since 2005.

## Biography
### Early years

A native of Brooklyn, Balvo grew up in Suffern, New York, where he graduated from Sacred Heart School. He studied at the Cathedral College of the Immaculate Conception, both in Manhattan and in Queens.
Balvo studied for the priesthood at the Pontifical North American College in Rome, obtaining a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree and a Licentiate of Biblical Theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University. Balvo served at Sacred Heart parish in Newburgh, New York, from 1976 to 1981, and then at St. John the Evangelist in Mahopac, New York, for a year. Balvo obtained his Licentiate of Canon Law at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., and his Doctor of Canon Law degree at the Gregorian University.

## Diplomatic career

On April 1, 2005, Balvo was appointed titular archbishop of Castello and apostolic nuncio to New Zealand, Fiji, the Marshall Islands, Kiribati, the Federated States of Micronesia, Tonga, Palau and Vanuatu. He received his episcopal consecration from Cardinal Edward Egan on June 29, 2005. The Cook Islands were added to Balvo's responsibilities on March 25, 2006, Samoa on April 1, 2006, and Nauru on January 30, 2007.
Balvo was appointed as apostolic nuncio to Kenya on January, 17, 2013, as well as permanent observer to United Nations Organizations for the Environment and Human Settlements (UNEP and UN-Habitat). After Kenyan Cardinal John Njue denounced US President Barack Obama's call for Kenya to protect LGBT rights, Balvo told an audience of Kenyan Catholics that: "The homosexuals should be defended against violation of their dignity and human rights, they are human beings like anyone of us".
On December 21, 2013, Balvo was appointed the first apostolic nuncio to South Sudan as well. Speaking on the South Sudanese civil war, Balvo said civil society needs to be involved not just in negotiations on the government level but “should be actively involved always.” Speaking to CISA news agency February 17, he said civil society and the church have already asked the warring factions to lay down their arms and work out their differences, adding that in the end it is the people who are suffering. "In a country that has a lot of resources, it will not be easy to develop them unless there is peace," he said. He said the church was doing much to help people through promotion of their welfare and would continue to ensure that peace prevails in the nation. "It is very hard to promote and create a society with generations of people that all they have known is violence," he said.
On September 21, 2018, Pope Francis named Balvo as apostolic nuncio to the Czech Republic and then transferred him to the post of apostolic nuncio to Australia on January, 17, 2022.
# Lito Fata

Lito Fata (born 21 September 1974) is a former Australian rugby union player. She competed for Australia at the 2006 Rugby World Cup in Canada. She made only two appearances for the Wallaroos, both against the United States at the 2006 tournament.
# Enthalpy of sublimation

In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of sublimation, or heat of sublimation, is the heat required to sublimate (change from solid to gas) one mole of a substance at a given combination of temperature and pressure, usually standard temperature and pressure (STP). It is equal to the cohesive energy of the solid. For elemental metals, it is also equal to the standard enthalpy of formation of the gaseous metal atoms. The heat of sublimation is usually expressed in kJ/mol, although the less customary kJ/kg is also encountered.

## Sublimation enthalpies

| symbol | substances | Sublimation enthalpy (kJ/mol) |
| Li | lithium | 159 |
| Na | sodium | 107 |
| K | potassium | 89 |
| Rb | rubidium | 81 |
| Cs | caesium | 76 |
| Mg | magnesium | 148 |
| Ca | calcium | 178 |
| Sr | strontium | 164 |
| Ba | barium | 180 |
| Fe | iron | 416 |
| Ni | nickel | 430 |
| Cu | copper | 338 |
| Zn | zinc | 131 |
| Ag | silver | 285 |
| W | tungsten | 849 |
| Au | gold | 366 |
| C | graphite | 717 |
| C | diamond | 715 |
| Si | silicon | 456 |
| Sn | tin | 302 |
| Pb | lead | 195 |
| Fm | fermium | 141 |
| I$_2$ | iodine | 62.4 |
| C$_{10}$H$_8$ | naphthalene | 72.9 |
| CO$_2$ | carbon dioxide | 25 |
| H$_2$O | water | 51.1 |
# Collin Smith

Collin Smith (born December 4, 2003) is an American soccer player who plays as a right-back for Phoenix Rising FC of the USL Championship.

## Career
### North Texas

Smith made his league debut for the club on July 25, 2020, coming on as a late substitute for Beni Redžić in a 2–1 home victory over Forward Madison.

### FC Dallas

On April 28, 2021, Smith signed as a homegrown player with FC Dallas.
Smith was loaned to USL Championship side Birmingham Legion on March 10, 2023. Smith was recalled from his loan by Dallas on July 4, 2023. Smith was released by Dallas following the 2023 season.
On January 8, 2024, Smith signed with New England Revolution II.
On March 29, 2024, Smith mutually agreed to part ways with New England Revolution II. That same day, it was announced that he signed a contract with Rhode Island FC during their debut season in the USL Championship. He was released by Rhode Island following the 2024 season.

### Phoenix Rising FC

Smith signed with Phoenix Rising FC on December 23, 2024.
# Goeppertia orbifolia

Goeppertia orbifolia is a species of prayer plant sometimes known by its synonym Calathea orbifolia. It is endemic to Brazil, being a typical species of the Atlantic Forest. It is commonly kept as a houseplant in temperate zones for its ornamental leaves. It requires partial shade, humidity, and good drainage to thrive.
# Royon

Royon (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 10 miles (16 km) east of Montreuil-sur-Mer in the valley of the Créquoise river.

## History

The slopes of hills in the region were blocked by thorny hedges of créquiers, the wild plum, and these hedges were called royons, which may be the source of the name.
The first mention of Royon is in 893 in Gallia Christiana. It is mentioned again in 1641 as 'Roion', and became 'Royon' in 1804.
| Map of Artois by Ortellius 1576. | Détail of Royon. |

## Places of interest

* The church of St. Germain, dating from the sixteenth century.
# Nikolai Karotamm

Nikolai Karotamm (October 23, 1901 – September 21, 1969) was an Estonian communist politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of Estonia. In 1925, he emigrated to the Netherlands, where in 1926, he joined the Communist Party of the Netherlands. Following the Second World War, he led multiple repatriation teams to displaced persons camps in Germany.

## Biography

Nikolai Karotamm was born in the family of a carpenter and served in the Guard Battalion in 1921.
In 1925, he moved to the Netherlands and joined the Communist Party of the Netherlands. In 1926 he settled in the USSR and studied at the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West. In 1928 Karotamm became a member of the All-Union Communist Party (b) and in the same year was sent to Estonia to reestablish the Estonian Communist Party.
In 1929, he returned to the Soviet Union, graduated from a university, and later became a university lecturer. He also worked as an active agent of the Executive Committee of the Comintern. He was arrested during the Great Purge in 1938 but was soon released without charges.
During the annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, Karotamm arrived in Estonia in July 1940 and worked as the editor-in-chief of the newspaper Kommunist from July to August 1940. After the June coup, he was appointed the first secretary of the Tartu City Committee in of the ECP (b) 1941.
In August 1941 he was elected Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the ECB , and from 1940 to 1951 he was a member of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the EC (b) P and the Central Committee of the EC (b) P.
Upon the invasion of Nazi Germany and the subsequent occupation of Baltic states, Karotamm became a member of the Republican Defense Committee of the Estonian SSR. After the Soviet government became aware of the arrest of Karl Säre by the German invaders, Karotamm became the acting leader of the Communist Party of Estonia after he fled to Leningrad.
In 1944, he returned to Estonia and was officially elected as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Estonia and was simultaneously First Secretary of the Tallinn City Committee of the ECP (b).
In 1949, he was relieved from his positions and subsequently expelled from the party due to alleged "inappropriate leniency and negligence and the concealment of bourgeois nationalists". He then settled in Moscow and studied in the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU and later worked at the Institute of Economics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. He received his doctorate of economics in 1964.
Due to his disagreements with his successor Johannes Käbin, Karotamm never returned to Estonia. He died in Moscow and was buried at the Metsakalmistu cemetery.
# Emblem of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The national emblem of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted in 1937 by the government of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The emblem is identical to the emblem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

## History

On May 30, 1923, the two autonomous regions of the Buryat-Mongol of Siberia and the Far East, was combined to form the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR. Two years after its establishment, on 13 August 1925, the Central Executive Committee of the Union Republics ordered the autonomous republic of the ASSRs to design their emblems. The Buryat government then held a competition, which saw twenty emblem proposals submitted for consideration, including designs by Yakov Rubanchik. The winner of the competition was officially determined at the 2nd session of the Central Executive Committee of the Buryat-Mongol ASSR on November 1925, and the design was submitted to the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union two months later. The adopted emblem was included in the March 1927 draft constitution of the Buryat-Mongol ASSR.
The emblem was changed following the adoption of the Constitution of the Buryat-Mongol ASSR in February 1937. The Article 111 of the Constitution describes the emblem is similar to the emblem of the RSFSR, but with the inscriptions in Russian and Buryat-Mongolian. Additionally, the name of the state, Buryat-Mongol ASSR is inscribed below the Russian SFSR in the emblem in Russian and Buryat-Mongolian. Originally, the Buryat-Mongolian language used Latin script, and the inscriptions looked like: "РСФСР. RSFSR. БУРЯТ-МОНГОЛЬСКАЯ АССР. BURIAAD-MONGOL ASSR". However, the Buryat writing system frequently changed, and there was no consensus as to the proper name of country and the translation of the motto "Workers of the world, unite!" in the Buryat language.
The inscription in the emblem undergone significant change in 1939, when the Buryat language switched to Cyrilic letters. The Buryat inscription changed from BURIAAD-MONGOL ASSR to БУРЯАД-МОНГОЛ АССР and the RSFSR inscription in the emblem was removed. The second major change occurred on 7 July 1958, when the country was renamed from Buryat-Mongol to Buryatia. The БУРЯТ-МОНГОЛЬСКАЯ АССР and БУРЯАД-МОНГОЛ АССР inscription changed again, this time to БУРЯТСКАЯ АССР and БУРЯАДАЙ АССР.
Another change on the Buryat ASSR's emblem occurred following the adoption of a new constitution on 30 May 1978. The emblem, which was described in Article 157 of the constitution, saw the addition of a red star on top of the emblem and minor changes in the inscription (the РСФСР inscription was widened to make it parallel to the country's name inscription).
Several years prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in October 1990 the Buryat ASSR adopted a new emblem, designed by A. F. Horеnov. The emblem was re-adopted after the Buryat ASSR dissolved and renamed as the Buryat Republic.
# Worshipful Company of Turners

The Worshipful Company of Turners is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London.
The Turners' Company is one of the oldest Livery Companies in the City of London. Its origins go back to early medieval times: the first reference to a London turner dates to 1189, though the charter is dated 1155. The medieval Company was a trade guild, set up to protect the interests of its members, whose skill was to turn and shape wooden objects on a lathe. They laid down standards for their products; they had a strict system of apprenticeship; they restricted competition from outsiders; and they collected for charity and funeral expenses. Unlike the richer Livery Companies the Turners were craftsmen, not merchants. Yet at a time when many everyday necessities, like chairs, cups and plates, were turned products, successful London turners could make a good living by the standards of the day.
The contemporary Turners' Company reflects many of the traditions of earlier days. Its main objective remains to promote the craft of turning, which, in the 21st century, encompasses a broad spectrum of styles from the traditional and practical to the intricate and ornate right through to large statement pieces and avant garde works of art. Both professional turners and amateurs are members of the Company.
The Company promotes the craft of turning by running a major exhibition, known as "Wizardry in Wood", every four years. It holds turning competitions, and offers prizes and bursaries to established and aspirant turners. It supports the Register of Professional Turners, which gives details of leading turners and what they make.
The Company received its royal charter from King James 1st in 1604, and is 51st in the order of precedence of City Livery Companies.
The company motto is By Faith I Obteigne, or, in Modern English, By Faith I Obtain.

## Masters of the Turners' Company

* 1783: Onesimus Ustonson
* 1818: John Ustonson
* 1965: Hugh Lindley-Jones
* 1980–1981: Sir Brian Neill
* 1987–1988: Sir Leonard Atkinson

## Arms

Coat of arms of Worshipful Company of Turners :
* CrestOn a wreath Or and azure, The figure of St. Catherine crowned Or, wearing a mantle azure furred ermine, holding in the dexter hand a Catherine Wheel Or and in the sinister a sword argent, hilted Or, the point downwards, [dressed in a pink gown beneath her azure mantle, with a gold girdle about the waist and a nimbus around her crowned head]. Mantled gules, doubled argent.
* EscutcheonAzure, a Catherine Wheel between two columns Or, in chief an imperial crown Or and in base a hatchet fessewise to the sinister, head downwards, argent, handled Or.
* MottoBy faith I obteigne.
# Károly Németh (table tennis)

Károly Németh (born 31 August 1970) is a Hungarian table tennis player. He placed 17th in the men's singles event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# The Thing We Love

The Thing We Love is a 1918 American silent drama film starring Wallace Reid, Kathlyn Williams, and Tully Marshall, produced by Jesse Lasky, distributed by Paramount Pictures, and directed by Lou Tellegen. This marked Tellegen's second foray into directing as he usually was a leading man in front of the camera like Reid.

## Cast

* Wallace Reid as Rodney Sheridan
* Kathlyn Williams as Margaret Kenwood
* Tully Marshall as Henry D. Kenwood
* Mayme Kelso as Mrs. Kenwood
* Charles Ogle as Adolph Weimer
* William Elmer as Kenwood's Agent (credited as Billy Elmer)

## Preservation status

With no prints of The Thing We Love located in any film archives, it is a lost film.
# 1449 in Ireland

Events from the year 1449 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Lord: Henry VI

## Events

* Richard Duke of York arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, leading to the submission of many Irish chiefs and English rebels.

## Births

* 21 October – George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, third son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (d. 1478)
# Pravin Hansraj

Pravin Hansraj (24 July 1938 – 28 January 2014) was an Indian cricketer. He played nine first-class matches for Saurashtra between 1963 and 1966.
His son Jugal Hansraj is a Bollywood film actor and director.
# Chandroth Vijayan

Chandroth Vijayan (born 4 November 1936) was an Indian cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played for Kerala. He was born in Tellicherry.

## Career

Vijayan made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1957–58 season, against Andhra. From the lower order, he scored 10 runs in the first innings, and a single run in the second. Vijayan's brother, Chandroth Bhaskaran, played for Kerala and Madras in a twelve-year first-class career.
# Ferxxo (Vol 1: M.O.R)

Ferxxo (Vol 1: M.O.R) (stylized in all caps) is the third studio album by Colombian singer-songwriter Feid. The acronym "M.O.R" stands for "messages on repeat" and is also a Colombian slang word. M.O.R. was composed by Feid and co-produced by Wain and Sky Rompiendo. The album became associated with the 2019–2020 Colombian protests when protesters began using lyrics on signs. It was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Music Album.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | 2× Platinum | 120,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Pann's

Pann's is a coffee shop restaurant in the Westchester neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, known for its history, role in movies, and distinctive architecture. The restaurant was opened by husband and wife George and Rena Poulos in 1958. It is also known for its neon sign, Googie architecture, and 1950s decor. The building and its iconic neon sign were designed by architects Eldon Davis and Helen Liu Fong of the Armet & Davis architectural firm. Pann's remains one of the best preserved examples of Davis' Googie designs, according to the Los Angeles Times.
Like many coffee shops it serves breakfast all day. The restaurant also serves "blue-plate specials," complete meals that vary daily.
Pann's includes an angular edifice and large plate glass windows and has been described as having "the classic coffee shop architecture". It was designed by Helen Liu Fong, who also designed the Holiday Bowl, Johnie's coffee shop, and the original Norms Restaurant. She included tropical landscaping in the design, and was part of the firm of Armet & Davis that one commentator refers to as "the Frank Lloyd Wright of 1950s coffee shops." Pann's is currently owned by George and Rena's son Jim Poulos. Rena Poulos died at age 100 in 2017. Ed Begley, Jr. told a story about running into César Chávez at Pann's in the 1980s.
Pann's was featured in a story in the Los Angeles Times, "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture," which noted the restaurant's tilted roof and sign, tropical plants and exposed stone walls indoors and out, and glass windows wrapping around the restaurant. Pann's celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008.

## Recognition

* Winner of the Los Angeles Conservancy Preservation Award
* Pann's has operated under a number of snappy mottoes, including "Just Food, Service and Rock & Roll."
* The restaurant has been featured in films such as xXx, Next, and Bewitched
* Contrary to popular belief, Pulp Fiction was not filmed at Pann's; it was filmed at another restaurant owned by the Poulos family, Holly’s, in Hawthorne.
# Maalik Murphy

Maalik Murphy (born February 13, 2004) is an American football quarterback for the Oregon State Beavers. He has previously played for the Texas Longhorns and Duke Blue Devils.

## Early life and high school

Murphy grew up in Inglewood, California and attended Junípero Serra High School in Gardena, California. He became the school's starting quarterback going into his junior season, which was shortened and played in the spring due to Covid-19, and passed for 1,261 yards with nine touchdowns and four interceptions. As a senior, Murphy completed 202-of-321 pass attempts for 2,954 yards with 22 touchdowns and 10 interceptions and also rushed for six touchdowns as Junípero Serra won the 2021 CIF Division 1-A state championship. He suffered a severe ankle injury in the state championship game.
Murphy was rated a four-star recruit and began receiving scholarship offers while he was still a backup. He committed to play college football at Texas over UCLA. He was an Elite 11 invitee.
College recruiting information :
| Name | Hometown | High school / college | Height | Weight | Commit date |
| Maalik Murphy QB | Gardena, CA | Junípero Serra High School | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) | 235 lb (107 kg) | Feb 13, 2021 |
| Star ratings: Rivals: 247Sports: ESPN: ESPN grade: 81 ||||||

## College career
### Texas

Murphy joined the Texas Longhorns as an early enrollee in January 2022. He redshirted his true freshman season at Texas while still recovering from his ankle injury and did not appear in any games. Murphy completed 9-of-13 pass attempts for 165 yards and a touchdown in Texas's 2023 spring game. After his spring game performance he received offers to transfer to other programs, but he opted to stay at Texas.
On December 13, 2023, Murphy announced that he would be entering the transfer portal.

### Duke

On December 22, 2023, Murphy announced that he would be transferring to Duke. He was named the starting quarterback for the 2024 season opener. Murphy threw for 2,933 yards and had 26 touchdown passes, a Duke record. On December 9, 2024, Murphy announced that he would be entering the transfer portal.

### Oregon State

On December 19, 2024, Murphy committed to transfer to Oregon State.

### Statistics

| Season | Games | Games | Games | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Passing | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing | Rushing |
| Season | GP | GS | Record | Cmp | Att | Pct | Yds | Avg | TD | Int | Rtg | Att | Yds | Avg | TD |
| Texas Longhorns ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt |
| 2023 | 7 | 2 | 2–0 | 40 | 71 | 56.3 | 477 | 6.7 | 3 | 3 | 118.3 | 1 | −18 | −18.0 | 0 |
| Duke Blue Devils ||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 12 | 12 | 9–3 | 254 | 421 | 60.3 | 2,933 | 7.0 | 26 | 12 | 133.5 | 19 | −79 | −4.2 | 2 |
| Oregon State Beavers ||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 |
| Career | 19 | 14 | 11–3 | 294 | 494 | 59.8 | 3,409 | 6.9 | 29 | 15 | 131.3 | 20 | −97 | −4.9 | 2 |
# Wangshu

Wangshu or Wang-Shu or variation, may refer to:

## Places

* Former Shu (907-925 Chinese: 王蜀; pinyin: Wang-Shu; lit. 'Shu King(dom)'), a former country of the 10 Kingdoms, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history
* Wangshu (extinguished 563 BC; Chinese: 王叔 (王叔国); ㄨㄤˊ ㄕㄨ) a former country in Chinese history during the Spring and Autumn period
* Wangshu, Hebei (Chinese: 望树镇), Yanshan, Hebei, China; a town; see List of township-level divisions of Hebei
* HD 173416 b (planet), Star Xihe, Constellation Lyra; an exoplanet named after the Chinese goddess 望舒 who drives the moon

## People

* Wang Shu (born 1963; Chinese: 王澍; Shu Wang), Chinese architect
* Wang Shu (3rd century BC; Chinese: 王述; Shu Wang), grandson of Wang Chang (Three Kingdoms)
* Duke Wen of Wangshu (died 624 BC; Chinese: 王叔文公), son of King Xi of Zhou
* Wang Shu (Eastern Jin) (Chinese: 王舒), cousin of Wang Dun and Wang Dao
* Dai Wangshu (1905-1950; Chinese: 戴望舒; pinyin: Dài Wàngshū; Wade–Giles: Tai Wang-shu), Chinese poet
* Wnagnam Wangshu (politician), an Indian politician of the Janata Party; see Pongchau-Wakka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

## Other uses

* Wangshu (Chinese: 望舒; aka Xian'e meaning beauty), Chinese goddess who drives the Moon across the sky in Chinese mythology
* Wanshū (Japanese: ワンシュー) aka Wangshu; a kata in Japanese karate