OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Challenge International du Nord

The Challenge international du Nord (Northern International Challenge) was an annual football tournament featuring clubs from Northern France and Belgium as they could not play in the French Championship. Later teams from Switzerland, Netherlands and England were invited to play. It was hosted in the Lille area (Roubaix, Tourcoing and Lille) between 1898 and 1914 in different formats.

## The Tournament

The tournament format changed over the years, originally being played between a French group of teams and a Belgium group, with the semi-finals being played between a French and a Belgian team.
From 1905, the tournament was opened to clubs from the Netherlands, Prinses Wilhelmina en 1905 and GVC Wageningen. Also from Switzerland, BSC Old Boys and Grasshoppers. Between 1909 and 1914, the tournament was exclusively played between French clubs and amateur clubs from England .

## Awards

With the exception of Le Havre AC in 1900, the clubs from Belgium won trophies between 1898 and 1908 . Royale Union Saint-Gilloise being the most successful reaching four finals in five years and winning three of them (1904, 1905, 1907).
Tournament History :
| Edition | Year | Winner | Finalist | Score |
| 1 | 1898 | Léopold Club de Bruxelles (1) | RC Roubaix | 3–1 |
| 2 | 1899 | Léopold Club de Bruxelles (2) | FC Bruges | 4–1 |
| 3 | 1900 | Le Havre AC (1) | Club français | 3–2 |
| 4 | 1901 | Beerschot AC (1) | Léopold Club de Bruxelles | 2–0 |
| 5 | 1902 | Antwerp FC (1) | Beerschot AC | 4–2 |
| 6 | 1903 | Racing Club de Bruxelles (1) | RC Roubaix | 4–0 |
| 7 | 1904 | Union Saint-Gilloise (1) | United Sports Club | 5–0 |
| 8 | 1905 | Union Saint-Gilloise (2) | Enschedese Football Club Prinses Wilhelmina | 3–1 |
| 9 | 1906 | Antwerp FC (2) | US Tourcoing | 3–2 |
| 10 | 1907 | Union Saint-Gilloise (3) | Olympique Lillois | 4–0 |
| 11 | 1908 | Racing Club de Bruxelles (2) | Union Saint-Gilloise | 1–0 |
| 12 | 1909 | Eastbourne FC (1) | RC Roubaix | 5–1 |
| 13 | 1910 | Reigate Priory F.C. (1) | CA Paris | 3–0 |
| 14 | 1911 | US Tourcoing (1) | Cambridge Town F.C. | 2–1 |
| 15 | 1912 | Cambridge Town F.C. (1) | US Tourcoing | 4–1 |
| 16 | 1913 | US Tourcoing (2) | Club français | Unknown |
| 17 | 1914 | CASG Paris (1) | Club français | 7–0 |

## Sources

* RSSSF et archives Pages de Foot
* Olivier Chovaux, 50 ans de football dans le Pas-de-Calais, Arras, Artois Presses Université, 2001
* Association football portal
# Douglas Chalmers

Lieutenant General Douglas McKenzie Chalmers, CB, DSO, OBE (born 26 February 1966) is a former British Army officer who served as Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Military Strategy & Operations) from 2018 to 2021. He is currently Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

## Early life and education

Chalmers was born on 26 February 1966 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He grew up in England. He was educated at Bearwood House, a private school in Berkshire, England. Following school, he worked laying tarmac during the day and studying to re-take his A-Levels by night.
Chalmers later completed a Master of Arts (MA) degree from the United States Army's School of Advanced Military Studies and a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree from Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

## Military career

Chalmers joined the British Army in 1984 as a private. Having attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, he was commissioned into the Royal Irish Rangers on 9 August 1986.
He became commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment in July 2007 and, in that role, was deployed to Helmand Province, Afghanistan. He went on to become commander of the 12th Mechanized Brigade in October 2011 and was deployed as commander of Task Force Helmand in April 2012. After that he became the Chief of the Defence Staff's Liaison Officer to the United States Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in October 2013 and Assistant Chief of Staff (Operations) at Permanent Joint Headquarters in August 2014.
Chalmers was deployed on Operation Inherent Resolve in Iraq in September 2015, and became Deputy Commanding General-Support, III Corps and Fort Hood in August 2016. He was appointed Commander 1st Class of the Order of the Dannebrog by the Queen of Denmark in May 2018. He was promoted to lieutenant general and was appointed Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Military Strategy & Operations) on 18 June 2018. He was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 2021 Birthday Honours. Chalmers was appointed to the ceremonial position as Colonel Commandant of the Queen's Division in November 2021, serving for three years until November 2024. He officially retired from the British Army on 19 February 2022.

## Later career

In February 2021, it was announced that Chalmers would succeed Fiona Reynolds as Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He took up the post on 1 October 2021.
Following a pre-appointment hearing with the Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Select Committee, he was announced as the next chair of the Committee on Standards in Public Life. He succeeded Lord Evans of Weardale as chair on 12 December 2023, to serve for a five-year term.
# Narcissus 'Rip van Winkle'

Narcissus 'Rip van Winkle' is an heirloom cultivar of Narcissus, which was first introduced commercially in 1884. When the cultivar was produced is unknown, however it is believed this historic cultivar originated in Irish gardens. The cultivar was first distributed by plantsman William Baylor Hartland of Country Cork, Ireland.
It is also known under the synonym Narcissus minor var. pumilus 'Plenus'.

## Description

Narcissus 'Rip van Winkle' is an early flowering, dwarf variety of daffodil. Plants emerge in the spring from bulbs sprouting green leaves that grow to a height of 15 cm tall. Mature 'Rip van Winkle' possesses stems which host a double, golden-yellow flower. Flowers are 50 mm wide and consist of densely arranged and narrow petals, which also possess small patches of green pigment.

## Pests and diseases

Narcissus 'Rip van Winkle' may fall victim to pests such as narcissus eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci), bulb scale mites (Steneotarsonemus laticeps) and the large narcissus bulb fly (Merodon equestris). It may also be attacked by various species of slugs and snails. Like many Narcissus species, 'Rip van Winkle' is susceptible to narcissus basal rot, which is caused by the fungus species Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. narcissi.
# William Scott Lee

William Scott Lee (c. 1851–1916) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1887 to 1889.
# Joe Patton

Joseph Cephus Patton IV (January 5, 1972 – September 13, 2022) was an American professional football tackle in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at Alabama A&M University and was selected in the third round of the 1994 NFL draft.
# Edwin Lockwood

Edwin Lockwood (September 8, 1799 – October 14, 1878) was Warden of the Borough of Norwalk, Connecticut from 1865 to 1867 and from 1869 to 1870.

## Early life and family

He was born in Norwalk on September 8, 1799, the son of Ebenezer and Mary Godfrey Lockwoood.
He married twice, first to Emily Ives Lockwood on October 10, 1829, but she died in 1830. Together they had one daughter Emily, who died before twelve years of age. He next married Emily Olmstead on August 2, 1832. Together they had seven children. However, only one lived to adulthood.
He was the uncle of LeGrand Lockwood.

## Career

In 1862, he founded the Norwalk Horse Railway Company and served as its president.
# WLSW

WLSW may refer to:
* WLSW (FM), a radio station (103.1 FM) licensed to serve Scottdale, Pennsylvania, United States
* WLDW, a radio station (105.5 FM) licensed to serve Salisbury, Maryland, United States, which held the call sign WLSW from 2019 to 2024
# Vrbovka

Vrbovka (Hungarian: Ipolyvarbó) is a village in southern Slovakia by the Ipeľ/Ipoly river very close to the Hungarian border. The nearest urban centre in Slovakia is Veľký Krtíš which also serves as a district seat. On the Hungarian side Szécsény and Balassagyarmat are the nearest towns. With the opening of the cross-border bridge in 2024, Vrbovka has once again become a border crossing point to Hungary, but thanks to the Schengen Union, the border can be crossed freely.

## History

The first written reference is from 1327 as Vrbou, the name comes from the Slavic "vrba" meaning willow. The place name clearly refers to the natural environment, as many willow trees still grow on the wide flood plain of Ipoly/Ipeľ river.
There is a cross-border bridge above the Ipoly/Ipeľ river between Slovakia and Hungary. The Szent-Iványi híd/Szent-Iványiho most was built in 2023 replacing a temporary wooden bridge that served pedestrian and bicycle traffic since 2007. Previous bridges connected Ipolyvarbó and Őrhalom from the 19th century until the early 1950s when the border was closed. The Roman Catholic Church of the Holiest Trinity in Vrbovka was built in 1798.
# Vails

Vails is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Donald Vails (1948–1997), American songwriter
* Nelson Vails (born 1960), American cyclist
# Sagittaliseta

Sagittaliseta is a subgenus of flies belonging to the family Lesser Dung flies.

## Species

* M. siamensis Papp, 2008
# Cyperus locuples

Cyperus locuples is a species of sedge that is endemic to Nigeria.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Charles Baron Clarke in 1901.
# 100 Greatest Songs from the Past 25 Years

The "100 Greatest Songs from the Past 25 Years" was a list published by VH1 in 2003 to commemorate 25 years of iconic music since 1978. The list aimed to capture some of the most influential, popular, and enduring songs from 1978 to 2003. Hosted by Drea de Matteo.

## Commentators

* The Bangles
* Clive Davis
* Celine Dion
* Duran Duran
* Quincy Jones
* Darryl McDaniels
* Lisa Marie Presley
* Lionel Richie
* LeAnn Rimes
* Kelly Rowland
* Rob Sheffield
* Gwen Stefani

## List

Below is the top ten from the list.
* "Smells Like Teen Spirit" by Nirvana
* "Billie Jean" by Michael Jackson
* "Sweet Child o' Mine" by Guns N' Roses
* "Lose Yourself" by Eminem
* "One" by U2
* "Walk This Way" by Aerosmith and Run-DMC
* "When Doves Cry" by Prince
* "I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston
* "Every Breath You Take" by The Police
* "Like a Virgin" by Madonna
# Karl-Liebknecht-Stadion

The Karl-Liebknecht-Stadion is a football stadium in Potsdam-Babelsberg, Germany. It is the home stadium of 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam and SV Babelsberg 03. The stadium has a capacity of 10,787 for 8,784 standing and 2,003 seated guests. Named in honor of Karl Liebknecht, the Communist Party of Germany leader who was assassinated by a Freikorps in January 1919.

## History

The stadium was opened on 10 July 1976 with a football match between BSG Motor Babelsberg and the Olympic team of the German Democratic Republic where Team GDR won, 5–0. The original capacity of 15,000 was reached only once as the East Germany national football team faced Malta. On 9 July 2001, the SV Babelsberg 03 had its highest attendance in their club history when 14,700 spectators witnessed Babelsberg's win over Fortuna Düsseldorf.
The last renovation was held in 2002, and the stadium now has its current capacity. About one year later, the Women's Bundesliga match between 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam and 1. FFC Frankfurt was seen by 7,900 people. This was the women's Bundesliga match with the highest ever attendance. Turbine's all-time attendance record occurred on 21 May 2005, when 8,677 people came to the Karl-Liebknecht-Stadion to watch the UEFA Women's Cup Final second leg against between 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam and Djurgårdens IF.
# Guy Bullen

Herbert Guy Bullen MC (1896–1937) was a distinguished World War I soldier and later a missionary bishop based in the South Sudan. He was awarded the Military Cross.

## Biography

Bullen was born in the east of London and attended the Forest School. He had been a corporal in the school's Officers' Training Corps and, in 1915, volunteered for the army, being appointed 2nd Lieutenant in the 5th Battalion of the South Lancashire Regiment. He received a gunshot wound to his left hand at the Battle of Delville Wood during the Battle of the Somme in September 1916 but was able to return to action in January 1917. In August 1918, he was wounded in the neck which left him with a circular scar. He caught Spanish flu but recovered. For his bravery, in August 1918 he was awarded the Military Cross, the citation for which reads as follows:
   For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in an attack. He was wounded at the beginning of the attack, but continued to lead his men, setting them a splendid example of determination, until the objective was achieved.
Bullen ended the Great War in Ireland after which he took a degree at Queens' College, Cambridge, and was ordained. He was a curate in Marylebone from 1924 to 1926 and then spent nine years with the Church Missionary Society in Northern Nigeria. He married Mabel Oswald, a surgeon, in 1928, and her medical expertise and his interest in promoting education made a successful combination. In 1935, Bullen was appointed Assistant Bishop in Egypt and the Sudan. He operated mostly in South Sudan, again especially concerned with education developments but his work was cut short when he was killed in a plane crash after leaving Khartoum.
Bullen was one of the many Great War decorated soldiers who became missionary bishops.
# Bogdan Jica

Bogdan Cristian Jica (born 3 iulie 2000) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Liga III side CIL Blaj. In his career, Jica also played for teams such as: Daco-Getica București or Dunărea Călărași.

## Honours

ACS Mediaș
* Liga IV: 2022–23
# List of North Korean terrorist attacks

After the Korean War, North Korea had bad relations with South Korea, threatening them or attacking them for the protection of theirs (state terrorism). The government of North Korea banned everything in relation to South Korea or the United States.

## List

| Attack Title | Date: | Deaths: | Survivors: | Suspect(s) |
| Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking | 11 December 1969 | 0 | 51 | North Korean agent Cho Ch'ang-hŭi (조창희). |
| Rangoon Bombing | 9 October 1983 | 21 | 46 | Kang Min Chul, 2 others |
| Gimpo International Airport bombing | 14 September 1986 | 5 | 30–36 | North Korea |
| Korean Air flight 858 | 29 November 1987 | 115 | 0 | Kim Il Sung, Kim Hyon Hui |
| Assassination of Kim Jong Nam | 13 February 2017 | 1 | 0 | Siti Aisyah, Đoàn Thị Hương (rumored to be sent there by Kim Jong Un) |
# Hiniduma Sunil Senevi

Hiniduma Sunil Senevi is a Sri Lankan politician and who has served as the Minister of Buddha Sasana, Religious and Cultural Affairs since November 2024. He was elected to the Sri Lankan Parliament from Ratnapura Electoral District as a member of the National People's Power.
# Max Schultze

Max Johann Sigismund Schultze (25 March 1825 – 16 January 1874) was a German microscopic anatomist noted for his work on cell theory.

## Biography

Schultze was born in Freiburg im Breisgau (Baden), son of the anatomist Karl August Sigismund Schultze (1795–1877). He studied medicine at Greifswald and Berlin, and was appointed an associate professor of anatomy at the university of Halle in 1854. Five years later he became a full professor of anatomy and histology and director of the Anatomical Institute at the University of Bonn. He died in Bonn on 16 January 1874; his successor at the anatomical institute being Adolph von La Valette-St. George. He was the older brother of obstetrician Bernhard Sigmund Schultze (1827–1919).
He founded, in 1865, and edited the important "Archiv für mikroskopische Anatomie", to which he contributed many papers, and he advanced the subject generally, by refining on its technical methods. His works included:
* Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Turbellarien (1851).
* Uber den Organismus der Polythalamien (1854).
* Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Landplanarien (1857).
* Zur Kenntnis der elektrischen Organe der Fische (1858).
* Ein heizbarer Objecttisch und seine Verwendung bei Untersuchungen des Blutes, (In 1865 Schultze provided the first accurate description of the platelet).
* Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Retina (1866).
His name is especially known for his work on cell theory. Uniting Félix Dujardin's conception of animal sarcode with Hugo von Mohl's of vegetable protoplasma, he pointed out their identity, and included them under the common name of protoplasm, defining the cell as a nucleated mass of protoplasm with or without a cell wall (Das Protoplasma der Rhizopoden und der Pflanzenzellen; ein Beiträg zur Theorie der Zelle, 1863).
Schultze studied medicine with the naturalist Fritz Müller, a German biologist and doctor who became a naturalized Brazilian. It was mainly because of his friendship and correspondence with Schultze that Müller to some extent was able to follow the debate in Europe about Darwin's theory of evolution. Schultze periodically sent him scientific literature, among which was Darwin's On the Origin of Species, and a small microscope manufactured in Berlin, by Friedrich Wilhelm Schiek (1857). Thanks to this microscope, Müller hypothesized from his own studies that "all higher Crustacea probably will be traceable to a Zoea ancestor". Based on these studies Müller also wrote his book Für Darwin, in defense of Darwin's theories, corroborating the theory of natural selection.
Swedish pathologist Axel Key studied under Schultze from 1860 to 1861 in Bonn.
# Zhang Guojun

Zhang Guojun (born 5 March 1963) is a Chinese judoka. He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Stężnica

Stężnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Baligród, within Lesko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Baligród, 16 km (10 mi) south of Lesko, and 82 km (51 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Marie Antoinette: The Journey

Marie Antoinette: The Journey is a sympathetic 2001 biography of archduchess Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France (1774–1792) by Antonia Fraser. It is the basis for the 2006 Sofia Coppola film Marie Antoinette.
The book, which was relaunched to coincide with the release of the related film, has had considerable success. It has been translated into French and Italian, been awarded the Enid McLeod Literary Prize, received critical praise including being described "definitive" by British historian, Amanda Foreman, author of a bestselling biography of Georgiana, duchess of Devonshire. It is considered, by some modern historians, as the most thorough and balanced biography of the queen, though it naturally builds upon earlier biographies, first-hand accounts, and even the infamous libelles that destroyed the queen's reputation.

## Summary

Beginning with Marie Antoinette's mother, Empress Maria Theresa, the book chronicles the life of Marie Antoinette and how she, though the youngest of her mother's daughters, was selected to marry the future king of France.
Fraser depicts a young dauphine, and eventual queen, unfairly maligned due to decades of anti-Austrian sentiment and xenophobia who was never comfortable in her role as influencer and ambassadress to Austria in a French court in which she was treated with derision and hostility.

## Reception

Upon release, Marie Antoinette: The Journey was generally well-received in the British press. It was described by The Guardian as an "excellent biography".

## First editions

* London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001. ISBN 0-297-81908-9
* New York: Doubleday, 2001. ISBN 0-385-48948-X

## Paperback edition

* London: Orion Publishing Group, 2006. ISBN 0-7538-2140-0 (10). ISBN 978-0-7538-2140-4 (13).
# Maine Grains

Maine Grains is an American supplier of stone milled flour, rolled oats, and other grains for culinary use. Based in Skowhegan, Maine, the company operates its gristmill in a former Somerset County jail building.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Maine Grains saw a 4,000 percent increase in online sales. The company employs about 20 workers, milling roughly 2,000 tons of flour per year.

## Leadership

Amber Lambke is the co-founder and CEO of Maine Grains. She also serves as co-founder of the Maine Grain Alliance, a trade association serving the state's grain community.
# Conrad in Quest of His Youth

Conrad in Quest of His Youth is a 1920 American silent comedy-drama film directed by William C. deMille and starring Thomas Meighan. The film is based on the 1903 novel Conrad in Search of His Youth by Leonard Merrick which was adapted and written for the screen by Olga Printzlau. The film survives at the Library of Congress.

## Cast

* Thomas Meighan as Conrad Warrener
* Mabel Van Buren as Nina
* Mayme Kelso as Gina
* Bertram Johns as Ted
* Margaret Loomis as Roslind
* Sylvia Ashton as Mary Page
* Kathlyn Williams as Mrs. Adaile
* Charles Ogle as Dobson
* Ruth Renick as Tattie
* A. Edward Sutherland as Conrad (at 17) (billed as Eddie Sutherland)

## Home media

Conrad in Quest of His Youth was released on Region 0 DVD-R by Alpha Video on January 28, 2014.
# John K

John K may refer to:
* John Kricfalusi, Canadian animator and voice-actor
* John K (musician), American singer
# Wang Yiwu

Wang Yiwu (born 21 August 1975) is a Chinese former swimmer who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Szczepańcowa

Szczepańcowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chorkówka, within Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Chorkówka, 4 km (2 mi) west of Krosno, and 45 km (28 mi) south-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Cannons (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Patrol Magazine | (5.9/10) |
| Soulshine | |
| Jesus Freak Hideout | |
Cannons is the second commercial studio album by American contemporary Christian singer Phil Wickham, released on October 2, 2007, the album is outpacing same week sales of Phil Wickham's debut with more than 40 percent of album sales in digital form. He also debuted on Real Rhapsody’s top artists chart in the Christian/Gospel genre as well as on the Napster top artists chart. In addition, Cannons was a featured new release for both Napster and Sony. The Album debuted at No. 16 on Billboard Christian Albums.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Phil Wickham except where noted

## Personnel

* Phil Wickham – vocals, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, acoustic piano (11)
* Gabe Scott – dobro (5), lap steel guitar (5, 6)
* John Wickham – electric guitars (10, 11)
* Pete Kipley – programming, bass
* Joel Plotnik – drums (1, 3, 11)
* Jeremy Lutito – drums (2)
* Dan Bailey – drums (4–10, 12)
* Roy G. Biv String Vibe – strings (4, 11)
* Amelia Emery – backing vocals (5)
* Savannah Packard – backing vocals (8)
Production
* Pete Kipley – producer
* Mike "X" O'Connor – recording
* F. Reid Shippen – mixing (1–4, 11, 12)
* Buckley Miller – mix assistant (1–4, 11, 12)
* Lee Bridges – mixing (5–8, 10)
* Tom Laune – mixing (9)
* Dan Shike – mastering at Tone and Volume Mastering (Nashville, Tennessee)
* Christian Rios – art direction, photography
* Jed Bridges – design, layout

## Charts

| Chart (2009–2010) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Christian Albums | 16 |
# Lev Levitin

Lev B. Levitin is a Russian-American engineer currently a Distinguished Professor at Boston University and a Life Fellow of the IEEE. His current research interests include information theory, physical aspects of computation, complex systems and quantum measurement. He is known for the Margolus–Levitin theorem.