# 2016 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2016.

## Flora
### Fungi

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Cultoraquaticus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Strullu-Derrien in Strullu-Derrien et al. | Early Devonian | Rhynie chert | United Kingdom | A fungus belonging to the group Chytridiomycetes. The type species is C. trewini. |
| Dennisiellinites | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bannister, Conran & Lee | Eocene | Pikopiko Fossil Forest | New Zealand | A fungus. Genus includes new species D. pikopikoensis . |
| Gerontomyces | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar | Eocene | Baltic amber | Europe (Baltic Sea coast) | A gilled mushroom. The type species is G. lepidotus. |
| Hypoxylonites foyelensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Bianchinotti, Martínez & Saxena in Martínez et al. | Paleogene (probably Eocene) | Troncoso Formation | Argentina | A fungus described on the basis of spores. |
| Monodictysporites | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Klymiuk | Ypresian | Allenby Formation Princeton Chert | Canada ( British Columbia) | A ascomycotan fungal spore taxon. The type species is M. princetonensis. Likely hosted on Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata |
| Paleocadus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | Myanmar | An Eccrinaceous fungus. Type species P. burmiticus. |
| Pluricellaesporites patagonicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Bianchinotti, Martínez & Saxena in Martínez et al. | Paleogene | | Argentina | A fungus described on the basis of spores resembling those of members of the genus Bactrodesmium. |
| Trewinomyces | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Krings, Taylor & Martin | Early Devonian | Rhynie chert | United Kingdom | A fungus of uncertain phylogenetic placement, showing similarities to Macrochytrium (Chytridiomycota) and Blastocladiella (Blastocladiomycota) species. The type species is T. annulifer. |

## Cnidarians
### Research

* Yunnanoascus haikouensis, previously thought to be a member of Ctenophora, is reinterpreted as a crown-group medusozoan by Han et al. (2016).
* A study on the fossil corals from the Late Triassic (Norian) outcrops in Antalya Province (Turkey), indicating that the corals lived in symbiosis with photosynthesizing dinoflagellate algae, is published by Frankowiak et al. (2016).

### New taxa

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Aphyllum pachystele | Sp. nov | Valid | Munson & Jell | Silurian (late Wenlock) | Jack Formation | Australia | A rugose coral belonging to the family Tryplasmatidae. |
| Aulokoninckophyllum potyi | Sp. nov | Valid | Somerville, Rodríguez & Said | Carboniferous | Azrou-Khenifra Basin | Morocco | An aulate coral. |
| Axuolites higoensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Niko | Silurian (Ludlow) | Fukami Formation | Japan | A tabulate coral belonging to the order Favositida and the family Coenitidae. |
| Bjarmia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Grazhdankin | Late Ediacaran (~550 Ma) | Erga Formation | Russia | A jellyfish-like organism, a possible relative of scyphomedusae. Genus includes new species B. cycloplerusa. |
| Byronia jaegeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Vinn et al. | Ordovician (Katian) | | Estonia | A possible thecate scyphozoan. |
| Calceola collini | Sp. nov | Valid | Wright, Plusquellec & Gourvennec | Devonian (Eifelian) | Saint-Fiacre Formation | France | An operculate coral belonging to the family Calceolidae; a species of Calceola. |
| Cambroctoconus coreaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Park et al. | Cambrian | Daegi Formation | South Korea | A stem-cnidarian. |
| Caninophyllum charli | Sp. nov | Valid | Denayer | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Yılanlı Formation | Turkey | A rugose coral belonging to the family Bothrophyllidae; a species of Caninophyllum. |
| Cystodactylon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Denayer & Webb | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Gudman Formation | Australia | A rugose coral. Genus includes new species C. orbum. |
| Dokophyllum hillae | Sp. nov | Valid | Munson & Jell | Silurian (Ludfordian) | Jack Formation | Australia | A rugose coral belonging to the family Ketophyllidae. |
| Edaphophyllum zhaotongense | Sp. nov | Valid | Liao & Ma | Devonian (Emsian) | | China | A rugose coral. |
| Eoaequorea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Tang et al. | Ediacaran | Doushantuo Formation | China | A member of Hydrozoa of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Eoaequorea xingi. |
| Eosiderastrea | Gen. et comb. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Löser | Cretaceous (late Valanginian to Santonian) | | Austria  France  Germany  Greece  Iran  Italy  Japan  Mexico  Poland  Spain  Ukraine  United States  Uzbekistan | A stony coral belonging to the family Siderastreidae. The type species is "Siderastrea" cuyleri Wells (1932); genus also includes "Phyllocoenia" cotteaui Orbigny (1850), "Diploastrea" crassa Kuzmicheva (1980), "Diploastrea" crassicostata Morycowa & Masse (1998), "Phyllocoenia" cyclops Felix (1891), "Confusastrea" dollfusi Prever (1909), "Confusastrea" felixi Prever (1909); "Stephanocoenia" grandipora Orbigny (1849), "Diploastrea" harrisi Wells (1932), "Diploastrea" hilli Wells (1933), "Montastraea" nagaoi Eguchi (1951), "Pleurocora" reussi Milne Edwards (1857), "Diplocoenia" splendida Prever (1909), "Diploastrea" vaughani Wells (1933) and "Plesiofavia" villaltai Reig Oriol (1991), as well as new species E. paragrandipora Löser (2016) and E. stefani Löser (2016). |
| Famastraea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Berkowski, Zapalski & Wrzołek | Devonian (Famennian) | | Poland | A coral belonging to the group Rugosa and the family Campophyllidae. The type species is Famastraea catenata. |
| Fomichevella najafi | Sp. nov | Valid | Badpa et al. | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | Sardar Formation | Iran | A member of Rugosa belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Kleopatrinidae. |
| Gertholites haikawai | Sp. nov | Valid | Niko & Fujikawa | Early Carboniferous | Akiyoshi Limestone Group | Japan | A tabulate coral. |
| Gerviphyllum | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Wright, Plusquellec & Gourvennec | Early Devonian (likely late Lochkovian to early Pragian) | | France | An operculate coral belonging to the family Calceolidae; a new genus for "Calceola" gervillei Bayle (1878). |
| Gudmania | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Denayer & Webb | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Gudman Formation | Australia | A rugose coral. Genus includes new species G. darumbalae. |
| Heintzella fluegeli | Sp. nov | Valid | Badpa et al. | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | Sardar Formation | Iran | A member of Rugosa belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Kleopatrinidae. |
| Kullingia rotadiscopsis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tang et al. | Ediacaran | Doushantuo Formation | China | A member of Hydrozoa of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a species of Kullingia. |
| Madrepora mitsukurii | Sp. nov | Valid | Niko, Suzuki & Taguchi | Miocene | Katsuta Group | Japan | A madrepore. |
| Marekostragulum grafi | Sp. nov | Valid | Plusquellec, Galle & Franke | Devonian (Emsian) | | Germany | A tabulate coral belonging to the family Hyostragulidae. |
| Mesoconularia (?) lukesi | Sp. nov | Valid | Mergl, Ferrova & Frýda | Devonian (late Emsian) | Suchomasty Limestone | Czech Republic | A member of Conulariida, possibly a species of Mesoconularia. |
| ?Michelinia vinni | Sp. nov | Valid | Zapalski, Berkowski & Wrzołek | Devonian (late Famennian) | | Poland | A tabulate coral belonging to the family Micheliniidae; possibly a species of Michelinia. |
| Multicarinophyllum vepreculatum | Sp. nov | Valid | Munson & Jell | Silurian (Ludfordian) | Jack Formation | Australia | A rugose coral belonging to the family Amsdenoididae. |
| Oligophylloides maroccanus | Sp. nov | Valid | Weyer | Devonian (late Famennian) | | Morocco | A member of Heterocorallia. |
| Palaeosiderofungia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Löser | Cretaceous (Aptian to Santonian) | | Austria  Czech Republic  France  Germany  Greece  Serbia | A stony coral belonging to the family Siderastreidae; a new genus for "Thamnasteria" exigua Reuss (1854). |
| Parostragulum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Plusquellec, Galle & Franke | Devonian (Emsian) | | Germany | A tabulate coral belonging to the family Hyostragulidae. The type species is P. problematicum. |
| Pleurodictyum goldfussi | Sp. nov | Valid | Plusquellec & Franke | Devonian (Emsian) | Wiltz Beds | Germany  Luxembourg | A tabulate coral belonging to group Favositida and to the family Micheliniidae. |
| Pleurodictyum pruemensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Plusquellec & Franke | Devonian (Emsian) | Wiltz Beds | Germany | A tabulate coral belonging to group Favositida and to the family Micheliniidae. |
| Potyphyllum | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Coen-Aubert | Devonian (late Frasnian) | | Belgium  Czech Republic  France  Germany  Poland  Russia  United Kingdom | A rugose coral belonging to the family Phillipsastreidae. The type species is "Cyathophyllum" ananas Goldfuss (1826); genus also includes "Pseudoacervularia" dybowskii Różkowska (1953), "Pseudoacervularia" intercellulosa (Phillips, 1841) sensu Pickett (1967), "Schlüteria" lyskovensis Ermakova (1957), "Acervularia" macrommata Roemer (1855), "Phillipsastrea" plantana Różkowska (1979), "Cyathophyllum" profundum Michelin (1845), "Phillipsastrea" rozkowskae Scrutton (1968), "Pseudoacervularia" cf. smithi (Różkowska, 1953) sensu Pickett (1967), "Phillipsastrea" ananas veserensis Coen-Aubert (1974) and "Phillipsastrea" zerda Galle, 1992 in Hladil et al. (1992). |
| Preisingerella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kossovaya, Novak & Weyer | Early Permian | | Slovenia | A coral similar to members of the genus Caninia. The type species is P. stegovnikensis. |
| Ptychophyllum variatum | Sp. nov | Valid | Munson & Jell | Silurian (late Gorstian to Ludfordian) | Jack Formation | Australia | A rugose coral belonging to the family Ptychophyllidae. |
| Pycnostylus polyphyllodus | Sp. nov | Valid | Munson & Jell | Silurian (late Wenlock) | Jack Formation | Australia | A rugose coral belonging to the family Pycnostylidae. |
| Sokolovia | Gen. et sp. nov | Junior homonym | Tsyganko | Late Devonian (Famennian) | | Russia ( Komi Republic) | A tabulate coral belonging to the family Pachyporidae. The type species is Sokolovia pershinae. The generic name is preoccupied by Sokolovia Ilovaisky (1934) and Sokolovia Shishkinskaya (1964). |
| Spinaxon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Weyer | Devonian (late Frasnian) | | France  Germany | A member of Rugosa belonging to the family Petraiidae. The type species is Spinaxon potyi. |
| Syringopora hilarowiczi | Sp. nov | Valid | Zapalski, Berkowski & Wrzołek | Devonian (late Famennian) | | Poland | A tabulate coral belonging to the family Syringoporidae; a species of Syringopora. |
| Syringopora kowalensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Zapalski, Berkowski & Wrzołek | Devonian (late Famennian) | | Poland | A tabulate coral belonging to the family Syringoporidae; a species of Syringopora. |
| Talfania | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Peel & McDermott | Ordovician (Katian) | Sholeshook Limestone Formation | United Kingdom | A solitary coral. The type species is Talfania calicula. |
| Thamnoptychia mistiaeni | Sp. nov | Valid | Zapalski, Berkowski & Wrzołek | Devonian (late Famennian) | | Poland | A tabulate coral belonging to the family Pachyporidae; a species of Thamnoptychia. |
| Turbinolia (Turbinolia) deformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Berezovsky in Berezovsky & Berezovsky | Eocene | | Ukraine | A stony coral. |
| Turbinolia (Turbinolia) emendata | Sp. nov | Valid | Berezovsky in Berezovsky & Berezovsky | Eocene | | Ukraine | A stony coral. |
| Utaratuia yunnanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Liao & Ma | Devonian (Eifelian) | | China | A rugose coral. |
| Vassiljukia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Denayer & Ogar | Carboniferous (Viséan) | | Turkey  Ukraine | A colonial rugose coral; a new genus for "Lithostrotion" columnariformis Vassiljuk (1960). |
| Vesicospina | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Munson & Jell | Silurian (Ludfordian) | Jack Formation | Australia | A rugose coral belonging to the family Kyphophyllidae. The type species is V. julli. |
| Vulykhia | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Late Ordovician | | Mongolia | An anthozoan belonging to the superfamily Heliolitoidea; a replacement name for Concavites Bondarenko & Minzhin (1981). |

## Bryozoans

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Anisotrypa kjarkiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tolokonnikova | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | | Armenia | A bryozoan belonging to the group Trepostomata and the family Anisotrypidae. |
| Beisselina skyscanica | Sp. nov | Valid | Koromyslova & Pakhnevich | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | | Belarus | A bryozoan belonging to the group Ascophora and the family Tessaradomidae; a species of Beisselina. |
| Celleporaria pirabasensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Muricy et al. | Oligocene-Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Lepraliellidae. |
| Celleporaria triangulavicularis | Sp. nov | Valid | Muricy et al. | Oligocene-Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Lepraliellidae. |
| Dybowskiella hupehensiformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst | Permian | Zongba Formation | China | A member of Cystoporata belonging to the family Fistuliporidae. |
| Dyscritella lii | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst | Permian | Zongba Formation | China | A member of Trepostomata belonging to the family Dystritellidae. |
| Ehrhardina | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Martha & Taylor | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | | France  Germany  United Kingdom | A bryozoan belonging to the group Flustrina and the family Onychocellidae. The type species is Ehrhardina voigti; genus also includes Ehrhardina pikeae. |
| Eridotrypella danzikensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tolokonnikova | Devonian (Famennian) | | Azerbaijan | A bryozoan belonging to the group Trepostomata and the family Eridotrypellidae. |
| Etherella tibetensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst | Permian | Zongba Formation | China | A member of Cystoporata belonging to the family Etherellidae. |
| Fistuliphragma moniliformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Mesentseva | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cystoporida. |
| Fistuliphragma sibirica | Sp. nov | Valid | Mesentseva | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cystoporida. |
| Fistulipora sakagamii | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst | Permian | Zongba Formation | China  Thailand | A member of Cystoporata belonging to the family Fistuliporidae. |
| Fistulipora salairiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Mesentseva | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cystoporida. |
| Fistuliramus fasciculus | Sp. nov | Valid | Mesentseva | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cystoporida. |
| Fistulocladia cincinnata | Sp. nov | Valid | Mesentseva | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cystoporida. |
| Margaretta amplipora | Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Gaikwad | Cenozoic | | India | An ascophoran belonging to the family Margarettidae. |
| Margaretta guhai | Nom. nov | Valid | Sonar & Gaikwad | Cenozoic | | India | An ascophoran belonging to the family Margarettidae. |
| Margaretta hariparensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Gaikwad | Cenozoic | | India | An ascophoran belonging to the family Margarettidae. |
| Metastenodiscus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Ernst, Schäfer & Grant-Mackie | Late Triassic | | New Caledonia  New Zealand | A trepostome bryozoan. A new genus for "Stenodiscus" zealandicus Schäfer & Grant-Mackie (1994) and "Stenodiscus" kawhiae Schäfer & Grant-Mackie (1994). |
| Nikiforopora arpaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tolokonnikova | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | | Azerbaijan | A bryozoan belonging to the group Trepostomata and the family Stenoporidae. |
| Pachydermopora grodnoensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Koromyslova & Pakhnevich | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | | Belarus | A bryozoan belonging to the group Ascophora and the family Tessaradomidae; a species of Pachydermopora. |
| Petalotrypa myunkhbalaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tolokonnikova | Devonian (Famennian) | | Azerbaijan | A bryozoan belonging to the group Trepostomata. |
| Planicellaria walsariensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Pawar | Cenozoic | | India | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Calloporidae. |
| Protoretepora irregularis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst | Permian | Zongba Formation | China | A member of Fenestrata belonging to the family Polyporidae. |
| Pyriporella charopadiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Pawar | Cenozoic | | India | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Calloporidae. |
| Pyriporella vadsariensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Sonar & Pawar | Cenozoic | | India | A bryozoan belonging to the group Cheilostomata and the family Calloporidae. |
| Rectifenestella famenniensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tolokonnikova | Devonian (Famennian) | | Azerbaijan | A bryozoan belonging to the family Fenestellidae. |
| Rectifenestella kadrluiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tolokonnikova | Devonian (Famennian) | | Armenia | A bryozoan belonging to the family Fenestellidae. |
| Stenophragmidium buckhornensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst et al. | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Boggy Formation | United States ( Oklahoma) | |
| Streblotrypa (Streblotrypa) heltzelae | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst et al. | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Boggy Formation | United States ( Oklahoma) | |
| Streblotrypa (Streblotrypa) parviformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst | Permian | Zongba Formation | China | A member of Cryptostomata belonging to the family Hyphasmoporidae. |
| Tabuliporella nakhichevanica | Sp. nov | Valid | Tolokonnikova | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | | Azerbaijan | A bryozoan belonging to the group Trepostomata and the family Crustoporidae. |
| Tibetiporella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ernst | Permian | Zongba Formation | China | A member of Fenestrata belonging to the family Polyporidae. The type species is T. ornata. |
| Timanotrypa australis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst | Permian | Noonkanbah Formation Rat Buri Limestone Zongba Formation | Australia  China  Thailand | A member of Cryptostomata belonging to the family Timanodictyidae. |
| Zigzagopora | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wilson & Taylor | Ordovician (Sandbian) | Bromide Formation | United States ( Oklahoma) | A cyclostome bryozoan. Genus includes new species Z. wigleyensis. |

## Brachiopods

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Acritosia ogamensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tazawa et al. | Early Permian (Kungurian) | Nabeyama Formation | Japan | |
| Acrosaccus scutatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Percival in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Discinidae. |
| Alphaprotinus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous and Permian | Holodninskaya Suite | Russia ( Krasnoyarsk Krai) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Spiriferoidea and the family Neospiriferidae. The type species is "Tangshanella" byrangi Chernyak (1963); genus also includes A. taimyrica (Einor, 1939). |
| Anathyris (Anathyris) calestiennensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Mottequin et al. | Devonian (Frasnian) | Nismes Formation | Belgium | |
| Angulispirifer | Gen. et comb. nov | Junior synonym | Waterhouse | Permian | | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Trigonotretoidea and the family Georginakingiidae. The type species is "Spirifer" phalaena Dana (1849). Lee et al. (2023) subsequently considered the genus Angulispirifer to be a junior synonym of the genus Sulciplica. |
| Anisopleurella antiqua | Sp. nov | Valid | Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Pour | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lashkarak Formation | Iran | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Sowerbyellidae. |
| Apatobolus anoskelidion | Sp. nov | Valid | Percival in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Obolidae. |
| Apenosia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Ambocoelioidea and the family Ladjiidae. The type species is "Crurithyris" apena Veevers (1959). |
| Atansoria australis | Sp. nov | Valid | Percival in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Obolidae. |
| Atryparia (Costatrypa) agricolae | Sp. nov | Valid | Halamski & Baliński in Baliński, Racki & Halamski | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Poland | A member of Atrypidae. |
| Aulacothyris maendlii | Sp. nov | Valid | Sulser | Middle Jurassic (Callovian) | | Switzerland | A member of Terebratulida belonging to the family Zeilleriidae. |
| Aulacothyris waikatoensis | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Bellimurina fluctuosa | Sp. nov | Valid | Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Pour | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lashkarak Formation | Iran | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Strophomenidae. |
| Besnossoviella | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | Kuznets Basin | Russia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is "Eomartiniopsis" glaberiformis Besnossova (1963). |
| Biernatia pseudoplana | Sp. nov | Valid | Engelbretsen in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Lingulata belonging to the family Biernatiidae. |
| Biernatia wrighti | Sp. nov | Valid | Engelbretsen in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Lingulata belonging to the family Biernatiidae. |
| Biernatium minus | Sp. nov | Valid | Baliński in Baliński, Racki & Halamski | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Poland | A member of Mystrophoridae. |
| Bingleburria | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | Bingleburra Formation | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Martinioidea and the family Brachythyridae. The type species is Brachythyris" elliptica Roberts (1963). |
| Biramus | Gen. et comb. nov | Junior homonym | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | | Russia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Condrathyridae. The type species is "Phricodothyris" mosquensis Ivanova (1960). The generic name is preoccupied by Biramus Oswald (1993). |
| Buxtonia inexpletucosta | Sp. nov | Valid | Torres-Martínez & Sour-Tovar | Carboniferous (middle Pennsylvanian) | Ixtaltepec Formation | Mexico | A member of Productoidea. |
| Canalilatus musculosus | Sp. nov | Valid | Percival, Engelbretsen & Peng | Cambrian | Huaqiao Formation | China | A lingulate brachiopod belonging to the family Zhanatellidae. |
| Carteriopsis | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | | United States ( Illinois) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is "Eomartiniopsis" kinderhookensis Carter (1988). |
| Catatonaria | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian | | United States ( Texas) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Phricodothyridae. The type species is "Neophricadothyris" catatona Cooper & Grant. |
| Centreplicatus | Gen. nov | Valid | Zeng，Zhang & Han in Zeng et al. | Ordovician (Hirnantian) | | China | A member of Pentamerida belonging to the family Pentameridae. |
| Cerasinella | Nom. nov | Valid | Copper | Silurian (Llandovery) | Merrimack Formation | Canada ( Quebec) | An atrypoid brachiopod; a replacement name for Cerasina Copper (1995) (preoccupied). |
| Chapinella belkovskensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Baranov, Sokiran & Blodgett | Devonian (Famennian) | Nerpalakhsk Formation | Russia ( Sakha Republic) | A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Pugnacidae. |
| Chilcatreta | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Lavié & Benedetto | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | San Juan Formation | Argentina | A siphonotretid brachiopod. Genus includes new species C. tubulata. |
| Collinusia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian | | United States | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Cyrtioidea and the family Eospiriferidae. The type species is "Spinella" talenti Johnson (1970). |
| Crickmayoria | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian | | Canada ( Alberta) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Mucrospiriferidae. The type species is "Eleutherokomma" beardi Crickmay (1950). |
| Crispithyris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. Genus includes new species C. nauarchus. |
| Cyrtina transcaucasica | Sp. nov | Valid | Gretchishnikova & Oleneva in Oleneva | Devonian (Givetian) | | Azerbaijan | A member of Spiriferinida belonging to the family Cyrtinidae. |
| Davidsonia enmerkaris | Sp. nov | Valid | Halamski in Baliński, Racki & Halamski | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Poland | A member of Davidsoniidae. |
| Dictyoclostus transversum | Sp. nov | Valid | Torres-Martínez & Sour-Tovar | Carboniferous (middle Pennsylvanian) | Ixtaltepec Formation | Mexico | A member of Productoidea. |
| Disculina mancenidoi | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Dolerorthis nadruvensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Paškevičius & Hints | Ordovician (Katian) | | Lithuania | A member of Orthida belonging to the family Hesperorthidae. |
| Dulankarella hyrcanica | Sp. nov | Valid | Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Pour | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lashkarak Formation | Iran | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Leptellinidae. |
| Dyoros (Lissosia) maya | Sp. nov | Valid | Torres-Martínez, Sour-Tovar & Barragán | Permian (Leonardian) | Paso Hondo Formation | Mexico | |
| Echinocoelia parva | Sp. nov | Valid | Baliński in Baliński, Racki & Halamski | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Poland | A member of Ambocoeliidae. |
| Engania | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | Enga Sandstone | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is "Eomartiniopsis" costata Roberts (1971). |
| Eochonetes maearum | Sp. nov | Valid | Bauer & Stigall | Late Ordovician | | United States ( Wyoming) | |
| Eochonetes minerva | Sp. nov | Valid | Bauer & Stigall | Late Ordovician | | United States ( Texas) | |
| Eochonetes voldemortus | Sp. nov | Valid | Bauer & Stigall | Late Ordovician | Saturday Mountain Formation | United States ( Idaho) | |
| Eoconulus puteus | Sp. nov | Valid | Engelbretsen in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Lingulata belonging to the family Eoconulidae. |
| Eolingularia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Bitner & Emig | Carboniferous to Triassic | | China  Russia  Spain | A member of Lingulata belonging to the group Lingulida and the family Lingulidae. The type species is "Lingularia" siberica Biernat & Emig (1993). |
| Experilingula larga | Sp. nov | Valid | Percival, Engelbretsen & Peng | Cambrian | Huaqiao Formation | China | A member of Obolidae. |
| Flexaria magna | Sp. nov | Valid | Torres-Martínez & Sour-Tovar | Carboniferous (middle Pennsylvanian) | Ixtaltepec Formation | Mexico | A member of Productoidea. |
| Georginakingia aviculiformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian (Guadalupian) | Malbina Formation | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Trigonotretoidea and the family Georginakingiidae. |
| Gibbospirifer nazeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | Ettrain Formation | Canada ( Yukon) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Spiriferoidea and the family Spiriferidae. |
| Globiella kamiyassensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tazawa | Permian (Wordian) | | Japan | |
| Glossella cuyanica | Sp. nov | Valid | Lavié & Benedetto | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | San Juan Formation | Argentina | |
| Gondwanorthis | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Benedetto & Muñoz | Early Ordovician | | Argentina  Iran | A plectorthoid brachiopod. A new genus for "Nanorthis" calderensis Benedetto (2007); genus also includes "Nanorthis" bastamensis Ghobadi Pour, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Popov (2011). |
| Gowanella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hiller | Late Cretaceous (probably Maastrichtian) | Broken River Formation | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida related to Ostreathyris. The type species is G. capralis. |
| Grandispirifer qaidamensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lee, Shi & Chen in Shi et al. | Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) | Huaitoulata Formation | China | A member of Spiriferoidea belonging to the family Spiriferidae. |
| Gretchispirifer | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Oleneva | Devonian (Emsian–Eifelian) | Sharur Formation | Azerbaijan | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Adolfiidae. The type species is G. dagnensis. |
| Gundaria | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Angiolini et al. | Permian | | Tajikistan | The type species is G. insolita. |
| Harperoides | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Pragian) | Soda Creek Limestone | United States ( Alaska) | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the subfamily Mesodouvillininae. The type species is Harperoides alaskensis. |
| Hemileurus politus | Sp. nov | Valid | Angiolini et al. | Permian | | Tajikistan | |
| Holcothyris campbelli | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Huaitakithyris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian (Changhsingian) | Huai Tak Formation | Thailand | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Condrathyridae. The type species is "Squamularia" postgrandis Waterhouse (1983). |
| Hubeinomena | Gen. et sp. nov | Disputed | Zeng，Chen & Han in Zeng et al. | Ordovician (Hirnantian) | | China | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Sinomenidae. Genus includes new species H. wangjiawanensis. Rong et al. (2019) considered it to be a junior synonym of Coolinia. |
| Hustedia shumardi | Sp. nov | Valid | Torres-Martínez, Sour-Tovar & Barragán | Permian (Leonardian) | Paso Hondo Formation | Mexico | |
| Inflatia coodzavuii | Sp. nov | Valid | Torres-Martínez & Sour-Tovar | Carboniferous (late Mississippian, middle Pennsylvanian) | Ixtaltepec Formation | Mexico | A member of Productoidea. |
| Iridistrophia (Flabellistrophia) | Subgen. et comb. sp. nov | Valid | Jansen | Devonian (late Emsian to Eifelian) | | Germany  Venezuela? | A member of Chilidiopsidae; a subgenus of Iridistrophia. The type species is "Orthis" hipponyx Schnur (1851); the subgenus also includes new species Iridistrophia (Flabellistrophia) musculosa and possibly also "Orthis" undifera Schnur (1853) and Iridistrophia dendritica Benedetto (1984). |
| Ishimia inflata | Sp. nov | Valid | Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Pour | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lashkarak Formation | Iran | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Leptellinidae. |
| Isogramma nakamurai | Sp. nov | Valid | Tazawa | Permian (Wordian) | | Japan | |
| Jakutoproductus lenensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Makoshin | Early Permian | | Russia | |
| Jakutoproductus talchanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Makoshin | Early Permian | | Russia | |
| Johnsononia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian (Eifelian) | | United States ( Alaska) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Ambocoelioidea and the family Ambocoeliidae. The type species is "Verneuilia" langenstrasseni Blodgett & Johnson (1994). |
| Junglelomia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous (Kasimovian) to Permian (Sakmarian) | Jungle Creek Formation | Canada ( Yukon) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Choristitoidea and the family Palaeochoristitidae. The type species is J. ursus. |
| Khaophrikia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian (Roadian) | Rat Buri Limestone | Thailand | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Condrathyridae. The type species is T. ratburiensis. |
| Kjaerina (Kjaerina) gondwanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Colmenar | Ordovician (late Sandbian–Katian) | Gabian Formation Glauzy Formation Louredo Formation Portixeddu Formation | France  Italy  Portugal | A rafinesquinid strophomenid brachiopod, a species of Kjaerina. |
| Kjaerina (Villasina) | Subgen. et 3 sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Colmenar | Ordovician (Katian) | Cavá Formation Gabian Formation Portilla de Luna Limestones Portixeddu Formation Porto de Santa Anna Formation Punta Serpeddi Formation Rosan Formation | France  Italy  Portugal  Spain | A rafinesquinid strophomenid brachiopod, a subgenus of Kjaerina. The type species of the subgenus is Kjaerina (Villasina) pedronaensis; the subgenus also contains "Hedstroemina" almadenensis Villas (1995), as well as new species Kjaerina (Villasina) meloui and Kjaerina (Villasina) pyrenaica. |
| Kletsia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian (Artinskian) | Wandagee Formation | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Toryniferidae. The type species is "Spirelytha" miloradovichi Archbold & Thomas (1984). |
| Koneviella? fuscina | Sp. nov | Valid | Percival, Engelbretsen & Peng | Cambrian | Huaqiao Formation | China | A lingulate brachiopod belonging to the family Zhanatellidae. |
| Krabispirifer | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian | Ko Yao Noi Formation | Thailand | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Martiniidae. The type species is Spinomartinia" prolifica Waterhouse (1981). |
| Kutchithyris challinori | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Kutchithyris waitomoensis | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Lacunites jaroslavi | Sp. nov | Valid | Mergl & Kraft | Early Ordovician | Klabava Formation | Czech Republic | A paterinate brachiopod. |
| Lampazarorthis | Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Benedetto & Muñoz | Early Ordovician | | Argentina | A plectorthoid brachiopod. A new genus for "Eoorthis" bifurcata Harrington (1937); genus also includes "Nanorthis" brachymyaria Benedetto in Benedetto & Carrasco (2002), as well as new species Lampazarorthis alata. |
| Lepidomena multiplicata | Sp. nov | Valid | Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Pour | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lashkarak Formation | Iran | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Leptellinidae. |
| Leptathyris gornensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Baliński in Baliński, Racki & Halamski | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Poland | A member of Athyrididae. |
| Liaous | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | He & Chen in He et al. | Middle Triassic (early Anisian) | Xinyuan Formation | China | A relative of Mentzelia and Paramentzelia. The type species is Liaous shaiwensis. |
| Loboidothyris awakinoensis | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Loboidothyris grantmackiei | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Loboidothyris marokopaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Longiusculus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous (Viséan) | | Japan | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Paeckelmanelloidea and the family Strophopleuridae. The type species is L. yanagidai. |
| Lyonia rochacamposi | Sp. nov | Valid | Taboada et al. | Early Permian (latest Asselian-earliest Sakmarian) | Taciba Formation | Brazil | A member of Productida belonging to the family Auriculispinidae, a species of Lyonia. |
| Mandageryia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian | Mandagery Park Formation | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Delthyroidea and the family Xenomartiniidae. The type species is "Quadrathyris robusta" molongensis Savage (1969), raised to the rank of the species M. molongensis. |
| Mendozotreta | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Holmer et al. | Ordovician | Antelope Valley Limestone Lindero Formation | Argentina  United States ( Nevada) | A member of Acrotretida belonging to the family Acrotretidae. The type species is "Conotreta" devota Krause & Rowell (1975). |
| Mesoleptostrophia belli | Sp. nov | Valid | Earp | Early Devonian | Montys Hut Formation | Australia | |
| Minatodina | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian | | Belgium | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Reticularioidea and the family Thomasariidae. The type species is "Spirifer" maureri Holzapfel (1896). |
| Minispinusuria | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | Bingleburra Formation | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Reticularioidea and the family Reticulariidae. The type species is "Thomasaria" voiseyi Roberts (1963). |
| Minutella bulgarica | Sp. nov | Valid | Bitner & Motchurova-Dekova | Miocene (Badenian) | | Bulgaria | |
| Minutomena | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Zeng，Zhang & Han in Zeng et al. | Ordovician (Hirnantian) | | China | A member of the family Strophomenidae. Genus includes new species M. yichangensis. |
| Minutorthis | Gen. nov | Valid | Zeng，Chen & Zhang in Zeng et al. | Ordovician (Hirnantian) | | China | A member of Orthida belonging to the family Toxorthidae. |
| Monelasmina montisjosephi | Sp. nov | Valid | Baliński in Baliński, Racki & Halamski | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Poland | A member of Draboviidae. |
| Nasakia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Streng et al. | Cambrian | Henson Gletscher Formation | Greenland | A member of Rhynchonelliformea belonging to the class Obolellata and the order Naukatida. The type species is Nasakia thulensis. |
| Nevadospirifer | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian | | United States ( Nevada) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Hysterolitoidea and the family Howellellidae. The type species is N. pulchrum. |
| Numericoma rowelli | Sp. nov | Valid | Holmer et al. | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Antelope Valley Limestone Ponon Trehue Formation | Argentina  United States ( Nevada) | A member of Lingulata belonging to the family Ephippelasmatidae. |
| Nushbiella kleithria | Sp. nov | Valid | Percival in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Lingulata belonging to the family Siphonotretidae. |
| Obliquorhynchia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Schrøder, Lauridsen & Surlyk | Paleocene (Danian) | Faxe Formation Vigny Formation | Denmark  France  Sweden | A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the superfamily Pugnacoidea and the family Basiliolidae; a new genus for "Terebratula" flustracea von Buch (1834). |
| Orthis dehmollaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Pour | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lashkarak Formation | Iran | A member of Orthida belonging to the family Orthidae. |
| Paramirorthis | Gen. et sp. nov | Disputed | Zeng，Wang & Peng in Zeng et al. | Ordovician (Hirnantian) | | China | A member of the family Dalmanellidae. Genus includes new species P. minuta. Rong et al. (2019) considered it to be a junior synonym of Mirorthis. |
| Paraspirifer (Laurentispirifer) | Subgen. et comb. nov | Valid | Jansen | Middle Devonian | | United States  Venezuela | A subgenus of Paraspirifer. The type species is Paraspirifer conradi Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983); the subgenus also includes "Delthyris" acuminata Conrad (1839), "Terebratula" acuminatissima de Castelnau (1843), "Spirifer" bownockeri Stewart (1927), Paraspirifer halli Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983) and Paraspirifer clarkei Godefroid & Fagerstrom (1983). |
| Paraspirifer (Mosellospirifer) | Subgen. et comb. nov | Valid | Jansen | Devonian (late Emsian to early Eifelian | | Germany  Canada?  China? | A subgenus of Paraspirifer. The type species is Paraspirifer sandbergeri Solle (1971); the subgenus also includes Spirifer auriculatus Sandberger & Sandberger (1856), Paraspirifer sandbergeri longimargo Solle (1971) (elevated to species rank), Paraspirifer eos Solle (1971) and Paraspirifer sandbergeri nepos Solle (1971). The subgenus might also include Paraspirifer gigantea Su (1976) and Paraspirifer desbiensi Bizzarro & Lespérance (1999). |
| Parazhanatella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Percival, Engelbretsen & Peng | Cambrian | Huaqiao Formation | China | A lingulate brachiopod belonging to the family Zhanatellidae. The type species is P. paibia. |
| Pedderia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Pragian) | Soda Creek Limestone | United States ( Alaska) | A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Pygmaellidae. The type species is Pedderia fragosa. |
| Phragmorthis shahrudensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Pour | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lashkarak Formation | Iran | A member of Orthida belonging to the family Phragmorthidae. |
| Pliconodosus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Silurian | | Sweden | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Hysterolitoidea and the family Costispiriferidae. The type species is "Spirifer" schmidti Lindstrom (1861). |
| Poletaevina | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | | Ireland  United Kingdom | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Paeckelmanelloidea and the family Pterospiriferidae. The type species is "Spirifera" rhomboidea Phillips (1836); genus also includes "Spirifer" distans Sowerby (1825). |
| Pristinusia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | Branch Creek Formation | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Spiriferoidea and the family Spiriferidae. The type species is "Neospirifer" pristinus Maxwell (1951). |
| Prospira pseudostruniana | Sp. nov | Valid | Mottequin & Brice | Devonian (late Famennian) | Etrœungt Formation | France | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Spiriferidae. |
| Psygmakantha | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Percival in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Lingulata belonging to the family Ephippelasmatidae. The type species is P. malachiensis. |
| Pulvinoconcha | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian | Cherry Canyon Formation | United States ( Texas) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is P. getaway. |
| Punctospirifer gerankalasus | Sp. nov | Valid | Oleneva | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | | Azerbaijan | A member of Spiriferinida belonging to the family Punctospiriferidae. |
| Qaidamospirifer | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Chen, Lee & Shi in Shi et al. | Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) | Huaitoulata Formation | China | A member of Spiriferoidea belonging to the family Choristitidae. The type species is Q. elongatus. |
| Radinovia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian | Bingleburra Formation | Canada ( Alberta) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Theodossioidea and the family Theodossiidae. The type species is "Vandergrachtella" radina Crickmay (1953). |
| Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) | Subgen. et comb. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Colmenar | Ordovician (Katian) | Bohdalec Formation Fombuena Formation Gabian Formation Lower Ktaoua Formation Porto de Santa Anna Formation Upper Tiouririne Formation Zahorany Formation | Czech Republic  France  Germany  Morocco  Portugal  Spain | A rafinesquinid strophomenid brachiopod, a subgenus of Rafinesquina. The type species of the subgenus is "Leptaena" pseudoloricata Barrande (1848); the subgenus also includes Rafinesquina pomoides Havlíček (1971), as well as new species Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) gabianensis and Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) loredensis. |
| Rhipidomella magna | Sp. nov | Valid | Tazawa | Permian (Wordian) | | Japan | |
| Rogorthis? oriens | Sp. nov | Valid | Popov, Kebriaee-Zadeh & Pour | Ordovician (Darriwilian) | Lashkarak Formation | Iran | A member of Orthida belonging to the family Orthidae. |
| Sampo suduvensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Paškevičius & Hints | Late Ordovician | | Lithuania  Russia ( Kaliningrad Oblast) | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Leptestiidae. |
| Sartenaerirhynchus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Jansen | Devonian (middle Siegenian to late Emsian) | | Belgium  Germany  Luxembourg | A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the superfamily Uncinuloidea. The type species is "Terebratula" antiqua Schnur (1853); genus also includes "Uncinulus" frontecostatus Drevermann (1902) |
| Scaphelasma quadratum | Sp. nov | Valid | Engelbretsen in Percival et al. | Ordovician | | Australia | A member of Lingulata belonging to the family Scaphelasmatidae. |
| Schizocrania equestra | Sp. nov | Valid | Mergl & Nolčová | Ordovician (Katian) | Bohdalec Formation | Czech Republic | A member of Discinoidea belonging to the family Trematidae. |
| Septaliphoria felberi | Sp. nov | Valid | Sulser | Middle Jurassic (Callovian) | | Switzerland | A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the superfamily Hemithiridoidea and the family Cyclothyrididae. |
| Septimusia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | Septimus Limestone | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Choristitoidea and the family Choristitidae. The type species is "Tangshanella" fasciculatia Roberts (1971). |
| Siberioproductus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Baranov, Sokiran & Blodgett | Devonian (Famennian) | Chekursk Formation | Russia ( Sakha Republic) | A member of Rhynchonelliformea belonging to the group Productida and the family Productellidae. The type species is S. boreus. |
| Sinomena | Gen. et sp. nov | Disputed | Zeng，Chen & Han in Zeng et al. | Ordovician (Hirnantian) | | China | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Sinomenidae. Genus includes new species S. typica. Rong et al. (2019) considered it to be a junior synonym of Eostropheodonta. |
| Skenidioides cretus | Sp. nov | Valid | Halamski in Baliński, Racki & Halamski | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Poland | A member of Skenidiidae. |
| Spinobolus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Zhang et al. | Cambrian | Shuijingtuo Formation | China | A linguloid brachiopod. The type species is Spinobolus popovi. |
| Spirelytha svartevaegensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian | | Canada ( Nunavut) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Toryniferidae. |
| Suchanaria | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian (Givetian, possibly Frasnian) | | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Ambocoelioidea and the family Rhynchospiriferidae. The type species is "Tingella" suchana Veevers (1959). |
| Tapongaspirifer | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Earp | Early Devonian | Montys Hut Formation | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Filispiriferidae. The type species is Tapongaspirifer melodiae. |
| Tasmanospirifer | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian | Berriedale Limestone | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Trigonotretoidea and the family Georginakingiidae. The type species is T. clarkei; genus also includes "Spirifer" tasmaniensis Morris (1845). |
| Taungurungetes | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Earp | Early Devonian | Montys Hut Formation Norton Gully Sandstone | Australia | A possible member of Devonochonetinae. The type species is "Chonetes" taggertyensis Gill (1945) from the Montys Hut Formation; genus also contains second, unnamed species from the Norton Gully Sandstone. |
| Tegulospirifer ogilvieensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Carboniferous | Ettrain Formation | Canada ( Yukon) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Spiriferoidea and the family Spiriferidae. |
| Terebratulina leeae | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Terebratulina putiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Thaerodonta notabile | Sp. nov | Valid | Paškevičius | Ordovician (Katian) | Kaimynai Formation | Lithuania | |
| Thulatrypa | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Huang et al. | Silurian | | China  Norway | An atrypoid brachiopod. The type species is Thulatrypa gregaria; genus also contains "Meifodia" orientalis Rong, Xu & Yang (1974). |
| Tomteluva | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Streng et al. | Cambrian | Stephen Formation | Canada ( British Columbia) | A member of Rhynchonelliformea belonging to the class Obolellata and the order Naukatida. The type species is Tomteluva perturbata. |
| Trentingula | Gen. et 3 sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Posenato | Late Permian and Early Triassic | | Hungary  Italy  United States ( Wyoming) | A member of Linguloidea belonging to the family Lingulidae. The type species is T. lorigae; genus also includes new species T. mazzinensis and T. prinothi, as well as Trentingula borealis (Bittner, 1899). |
| Triangulospirifer | Nom. nov | Valid | Lee in Shi et al. | Carboniferous | | United Kingdom | A member of Spiriferida. A replacement name for Triangularia Poletaev (2001). |
| Trimena | Gen. nov | Valid | Zeng，Wang & Peng in Zeng et al. | Ordovician (Hirnantian) | | China | A member of Plectambonitoidea belonging to the family Xenambonitidae. |
| Triramus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian (Asselian) | Jungle Creek Formation | Canada ( Yukon) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elitoidea and the family Condrathyridae. The type species is T. canadensis. |
| Vasculumia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian | Ko Yao Noi Formation | Thailand | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Trigonotretoidea and the family Angiospiriferidae. The type species is "Brachythyrina" boonlomi Waterhouse (2004). |
| Veeversaria | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian (Frasnian) | | Australia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Ambocoelioidea and the family Ladjiidae. The type species is "Emanuella" torrida Veevers (1959). |
| Waddingtonia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Devonian | Delorme Formation | Canada ( Yukon) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Reticularioidea and the family Reticulariidae. The type species is "Reticulariopsis" warreni Perry (1984). |
| Weberproductus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Torres-Martínez & Sour-Tovar | Carboniferous (middle Pennsylvanian) | Ixtaltepec Formation | Mexico | A member of Productoidea. Genus includes new species W. donajiae. |
| Wenjukovispirifer | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Oleneva | Devonian (Famennian) | | Russia | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Cyrtospiriferidae. The type species is "Spirifer" koscharicus Ljaschenko (1959); genus also includes "Spirifer" archiaci Murchison (1840), "Spirifer" brodi Wenjukov (1886) and W. lebedjanicus (Nalivkin, 1947). |
| Xysticaria | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Waterhouse | Permian | Cathedral Mountain Formation | United States ( Texas) | A member of Spiriferida belonging to the superfamily Elythynoidea and the family Eomartiniopsidae. The type species is "Rallacosta" xystica Cooper & Grant (1976). |
| Yichangomena | Gen. et sp. nov | Disputed | Zeng，Zhang & Han in Zeng et al. | Ordovician (Hirnantian) | | China | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Sinomenidae. Genus includes new species Y. dingjiapoensis. Rong et al. (2019) considered it to be a junior synonym of Eostropheodonta. |
| Zeilleria opuatiaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |
| Zeilleria waiohipaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | MacFarlan | Jurassic | | New Zealand | A member of Terebratulida. |

## Echinoderms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Alternocidaris | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | El Qot, Abdelhamid, & Abdelghany | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian, possibly Turonian) | | Egypt | A sea urchin belonging to the group Camarodonta and the family Glyphocyphidae. The type species is "Tiaridia" weldoni Fourtau (1921). |
| Applinocrinus russelli | Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Prairie Bluff Formation | United States ( Mississippi) | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Saccocomidae. |
| Apsidocrinus doreckae | Sp. nov | Valid | Konieczyński, Pisera & Fózy | Early Cretaceous | | Hungary | A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Apsidocrinus. |
| Arabicodiadema | Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Abdelhamid, El Qot & Abdelghany | Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian) | | Oman  United Arab Emirates | A heterodiadematid sea urchin. The type species is "Trochodiadema" dhofarense Roman (1991); genus also includes new species Arabicodiadema alii. |
| Atalopegaster | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Blake & Guensburg | Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) | Swift Formation | United States ( Montana) | A starfish belonging to the family Stichasteridae. The type species is A. gundersoni. |
| Bystrowicrinus (col.) depressus | Sp. nov | Valid | Donovan & Keighley | Late Silurian | West Point Formation | Canada ( Quebec) | A crinoid. |
| Calliderma lindneri | Sp. nov | Valid | Niebuhr & Seibertz | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | Schmilka Formation | Germany | A starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae, a species of Calliderma. |
| Carolinaster | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Osborn, Mooi & Ciampaglio | Eocene | Castle Hayne Limestone | United States ( North Carolina) | A heart urchin belonging to the family Prenasteridae. Genus includes new species C. varnami. |
| Comptoniaster michaelisi | Nom. nov | Valid | Niebuhr & Seibertz | Late Cretaceous (middle Turonian to middle Coniacian) | | Czech Republic  Germany  Poland | A starfish belonging to the family Goniasteridae; a replacement name for Asterias schulzii Cotta sensu Roemer (1840, 1841). |
| Costatocrinus | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Taylor Formation | United Kingdom  United States ( Texas) | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Saccocomidae. The type species is C. brydonei; genus also includes C. mortimorei. |
| Cultellacrinus | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous | | Sweden  United Kingdom | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is C. gladius; genus also includes C. labyrinthus. |
| Cunidentechinus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Smith | Early Jurassic | | United Kingdom | A stem-carinacean sea urchin; a new genus for "Echinus" minutus Buckman in Murchison (1845). |
| Darwinaster | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hunter, Rushton & Stone | Early Devonian | Fox Bay Formation | Falkland Islands | A brittle star related to members of the genus Protaster. Genus includes new species D. coleenbiggsae. |
| Echinolampas andalusiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Osborn, Mooi & Ciampaglio | Eocene | Moodys Branch Formation | United States ( Alabama) | A sea urchin belonging to the family Echinolampadidae. |
| Gitolampas twitchelli | Sp. nov | Valid | Osborn, Mooi & Ciampaglio | Eocene | Santee Limestone | United States ( South Carolina) | A sea urchin belonging to the group Cassiduloida. |
| Glyptocrinus nodosus | Sp. nov | Valid | Kallmeyer & Ausich | Ordovician (Katian) | Kope Formation | United States ( Kentucky Ohio) | A camerate crinoid, a species of Glyptocrinus. |
| Goniopygus macrotuberculatus | Sp. nov | Valid | El Qot, Abdelhamid, & Abdelghany | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Raha Formation | Egypt | A sea urchin belonging to the group Arbacioida and the family Acropeltidae. |
| Goniopygus subaequalis | Sp. nov | Valid | El Qot, Abdelhamid, & Abdelghany | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Raha Formation | Egypt | A sea urchin belonging to the group Arbacioida and the family Acropeltidae. |
| Haimea brooksi | Sp. nov | Valid | Osborn, Mooi & Ciampaglio | Eocene | Ocala Limestone | United States ( Florida) | A sea urchin belonging to the group Oligopygoida. |
| Hessicrinus | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | | United Kingdom | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is H. filigree; genus also includes H. scalaensis. |
| Hiiumaacrinus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Wilson | Silurian (Rhuddanian) | Hilliste Formation | Estonia | A crinoid. Genus includes new species H. vinni. |
| Jakeocrinus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) | Taylor Formation | United States ( Texas) | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is J. ellisensis. |
| Lakotacrinus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hunter et al. | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Pierre Shale | United States ( South Dakota) | A stalked crinoid. The type species is L. brezinai. |
| Lehmannaster | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Blake, Guensburg & Lefebvre | Ordovician (late Darriwilian) | Traveusot Formation | France | A stenuroid asterozoan. Genus includes new species L. spinosus. |
| Lopidiaster | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Blake, Guensburg & Lefebvre | Ordovician (Floian) | Garden City Formation | United States ( Utah) | A stenuroid asterozoan. Genus includes new species L. jamisoni. |
| Loriolidiadema | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Abdelhamid, El Qot & Abdelghany | Cretaceous (Aptian-Cenomanian) | | Egypt  Portugal Border region between Syria and Lebanon | A heterodiadematid sea urchin. The type species is "Pseudodiadema" libanoticum de Loriol (1887); genus also includes Loriolidiadema sculptile (de Loriol, 1887). |
| Lucernacrinus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous | | United Kingdom | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is L. woodi. |
| Maennilocystis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Paul & Rozhnov | Late Ordovician | | Estonia | A cystoid belonging to the family Callocystitidae. The type species is M. heckeri. |
| Manfredaster praebulbiferus | Sp. nov | Valid | Niebuhr & Seibertz | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Coniacian) | Dölzschen Formation Schrammstein Formation Strehlen Formation | Germany | A starfish belonging to the group Valvatida and the family Stauranderasteridae. |
| Mariania comaschicariae | Sp. nov | Valid | Stara, Borghi & Kroh | Miocene (Aquitanian to early Burdigalian) | Nurallao Formation | Italy | A heart urchin belonging to the superfamily Spatangoidea, a species of Mariania. |
| Mariania stefaninii | Sp. nov | Valid | Stara, Borghi & Kroh | Miocene (late Burdigalian to early Langhian) | Pantano Formation | Italy | A heart urchin belonging to the superfamily Spatangoidea, a species of Mariania. |
| Meturaster | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Blake, Guensburg & Lefebvre | Ordovician (middle Darriwilian) | Lehman Formation | United States ( Nevada) | A starfish. Genus includes new species M. belli. |
| Monophoraster telfordi | Sp. nov | Valid | Mooi, Martínez & del Río | Early Miocene | Chenque Formation | Argentina | A sand dollar. |
| Nucleolites usoi | Sp. nov | Valid | Forner i Valls | Early Cretaceous (Barremian) | Artoles Formation | Spain | A sea urchin. |
| Osteocrinus sinensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Hess, Etter & Hagdorn | Late Triassic (early Carnian) | Xiaowa Formation | China | A crinoid belonging to the group Roveacrinida, a species of Osteocrinus. |
| Pentamerocrinus kosovi | Sp. nov | Valid | Rozhnov | Ordovician | | Russia ( Leningrad Oblast) | A crinoid belonging to the group Inadunata, a species of Pentamerocrinus. |
| Petraster crozonensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Blake, Guensburg & Lefebvre | Ordovician (early Katian) | Kermeur Formation | France | A starfish. |
| Phyllocrinus bersekensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Konieczyński, Pisera & Fózy | Early Cretaceous | | Hungary | A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Phyllocrinus. |
| Placentinechinus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Borghi & Garilli | Pleistocene (Gelasian–Calabrian) | | Italy | A sea urchin belonging to the family Temnopleuridae. The type species is P. davolii. |
| Plagiochasma saurai | Sp. nov | Valid | Forner i Valls | Early Cretaceous (Barremian) | Artoles Formation | Spain | A sea urchin. |
| Platelicrinus longispinus | Sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous | | United Kingdom | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Roveacrinidae. |
| Protaeropsis | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Paleocene (Thanetian) | | Spain | A heart urchin; a replacement name for Sphenaster Jeffery in Smith et al. (1999). |
| Protaxocrinus estoniensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Wilson | Silurian (Rhuddanian) | Hilliste Formation | Estonia | A crinoid. |
| Pseudomilnia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Smith | Middle Jurassic | | France  United Kingdom | A salenioidan sea urchin; a new genus for "Acrosalenia" miliaria Paris (1908). |
| Sagittacrinus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) | Taylor Formation | United Kingdom  United States ( Texas) | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Saccocomidae. The type species is S. torpedo. |
| Salenia buddyi | Sp. nov | Valid | Osborn, Mooi & Ciampaglio | Eocene | Santee Limestone | United States ( South Carolina) | A sea urchin belonging to the group Salenioida. |
| Schuchertia sprinklei | Sp. nov | Valid | Blake, Guensburg & Lefebvre | Ordovician (Dapingian) | Kanosh Shale | United States ( Utah) | A starfish. |
| Stellacrinus | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Gale | Late Cretaceous (Santonian and Campanian) | Gulpen Formation Taylor Formation Vaals Formation | Netherlands  Sweden  United Kingdom  United States ( Texas) | A crinoid belonging to the group Articulata and the family Roveacrinidae. The type species is S. hugesae; genus also includes S. pannosus. |
| Stomechinus phillipsii | Sp. nov | Valid | Smith | Jurassic | | United Kingdom | A sea urchin. |
| Thinocrinus akanthos | Sp. nov | Valid | Rhenberg, Ausich & Meyer | Carboniferous (Mississippian) | Fort Payne Formation | United States ( Kentucky) | A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Actinocrinitidae. |
| Trochotiara aalensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Smith | Middle Jurassic | | United Kingdom | A sea urchin. |
| Wrightechnus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Smith | Middle Jurassic | | France  United Kingdom | A sea urchin, possibly a stem-salenioidan; a new genus for "Acrosalenia" lycetti Wright (1851). |

## Conodonts

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Amydrotaxis corniculans truncus | Subsp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
| Cuspigrandiosa | Gen. nov | Valid | Murphy, Carls & Valenzuela-Ríos | | | Austria  United States ( Nevada) | |
| Cypricriodus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Murphy, Carls & Valenzuela-Ríos | Silurian and Early Devonian | | Australia  United States ( Nevada) | Genus includes "Icriodus woschmidti" hesperius Klapper & Murphy (1975), raised to the rank of the species C. hesperius. |
| Eurekadonta | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Murphy, Carls & Valenzuela-Ríos | Silurian and Early Devonian | | United States ( Nevada) | Genus includes "Ozarkodina" eurekaensis Klapper & Murphy (1975). |
| Eognathodus kuangi | Sp. nov | Valid | Earp | Early Devonian | | China | |
| Eognathodus sulcatus lanei | Subsp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
| Eognathodus sulcatus sicatus | Subsp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Booth Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
| Gladigondolella okayi | Sp. nov | Valid | Kiliç | Triassic | Kayabaşı Limestone | Turkey | |
| Gondolella wardlawi | Sp. nov | Valid | Nestell & Pope in Nestell, Wardlaw & Pope | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Excello Shale | United States ( Iowa) | |
| Heliagnathus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is H. parvilabiatus. |
| Icriodus ampliatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Prioniodontida belonging to the family Icriodontidae. |
| Icriodus michiganus | Sp. nov | Valid | Narkiewicz & Bultynck | Devonian (Eifelian) | Michigan Basin | United States | |
| Icriodus praealternatus ferus | Subsp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Late Devonian (Frasnian/Famennian boundary) | Hongguleleng Formation | China | A subspecies of Icriodus praealternatus. |
| Icriodus plurinodosus | Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Late Devonian (early Famennian) | Hongguleleng Formation | China | A species of Icriodus. |
| Icriodus stenoancylus junggarensis | Subsp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Late Devonian (early Famennian) | Hongguleleng Formation | China | A subspecies of Icriodus stenoancylus. |
| Idiognathodus lateralis | Sp. nov | Valid | Hogancamp, Barrick & Strauss | Carboniferous (early Gzhelian) | | China  Russia  Ukraine  United States | Originally described as a species of Idiognathodus, but subsequently transferred to the genus Heckelina. |
| Idiognathodus tuberis | Sp. nov | Valid | Nestell, Wardlaw & Pope | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Excello Shale | United States ( Iowa) | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Idiognathodontidae. |
| Neogondolella cuneiforme | Sp. nov | Valid | Golding & Orchard | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Canada ( British Columbia) | |
| Neogondolella curva | Sp. nov | Valid | Golding & Orchard | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Canada ( British Columbia)  United States ( Nevada) | |
| Neogondolella dilacerata | Sp. nov | Valid | Golding & Orchard | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Canada ( British Columbia) | Originally described as a species of Neogondolella, but subsequently transferred to the genus Magnigondolella. |
| Neogondolella hastata | Sp. nov | Valid | Golding & Orchard | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Canada ( British Columbia)  United States ( Nevada) | |
| Neogondolella indicta | Sp. nov | Valid | Golding & Orchard | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Canada ( British Columbia)  United States ( Nevada) | |
| Neogondolella panlaurentia | Sp. nov | Valid | Golding & Orchard | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Canada ( British Columbia)  United States ( Nevada) | |
| Neogondolella tenera | Sp. nov | Valid | Golding & Orchard | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Canada ( British Columbia)  United States ( Nevada) | |
| Neogondolella vellicata | Sp. nov | Valid | Golding & Orchard | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Canada ( British Columbia)  United States ( Nevada) | |
| Neopolygnathus huijunae | Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Late Devonian (early Famennian) | Hongguleleng Formation | China | A species of Neopolygnathus. |
| Neospathodus planus | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | Early Triassic | | Slovenia | Originally described as a species of Neospathodus; Bai et al. (2021) argued that it should be reassigned to the genus Triassospathodus. |
| Oulodus astriatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Booth Limestone | Australia | A member of Prioniodinida belonging to the family Prioniodinidae. |
| Ozarkodina multistriola | Sp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
| Ozarkodina scoliciformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
| Ozarkodina selfi cordata | Subsp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
| Ozarkodina selfi lanceola | Subsp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
| Ozarkodina selfi lenticula | Subsp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Spathognathodontidae. |
| Panderodus rhytiodus | Sp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Mountain Dam Limestone | Australia | A member of the family Panderodontidae. |
| Pelekysgnathus inequalis | Sp. nov | Valid | Mathieson et al. | Early Devonian | Booth Limestone | Australia | A member of Prioniodontida belonging to the family Icriodontidae. |
| Pelekysgnathus jeppssoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Nazarova | Devonian (Eifelian) | | Russia ( Bryansk Oblast) | |
| Platyvillosus corniger | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | Early Triassic | | Slovenia | |
| Polygnathus abaimovae | Sp. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | |
| Polygnathus beckeri | Nom. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | A replacement name for Polygnathus inflexus Baranov (1992). |
| Polygnathus datnensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | |
| Polygnathus dogdensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | |
| Polygnathus novozemelicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | |
| "Polygnathus" pseudocommunis | Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Late Devonian (early Famennian) | Hongguleleng Formation | China | Possibly a species of Polygnathus. |
| Polygnathus slastenovi | Sp. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | |
| Polygnathus tarabukini | Sp. nov | Valid | Baranov & Blodgett | Devonian (Emsian) | | Russia | |
| Praeicriodus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Murphy | Silurian | | Canada | Genus includes "Pedavis" thorsteinssoni Uyeno (1980). |
| Siphonodella (Siphonodella) jii | Nom. nov | Disputed | Becker, Kaiser & Aretz | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Chappel Limestone | United States | A replacement name for Siphonodella (Siphonodella) hassi Ji (1985). Plotitsyn and Zhuravlev (2016) considered S. jii to be a junior synonym of Siphonodella quadruplicata (Branson et Mehl), because they considered the specimen selected as the holotype of S. jii to be more likely to represent an ontogenetic stage of S. quadruplicata. |
| Staeschegnathus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Koike | Triassic | Taho Formation | Japan | An ellisonid conodont. The type species is S. perrii. |

## Amphibians
### Research

* A study on the histology and growth histories of the humeri of the specimens of Acanthostega recovered from the mass-death deposit of Stensiö Bjerg (Greenland) is published by Sanchez et al. (2016), who argue that even the largest individuals from this deposit are juveniles.
* Fossils of a tetrapod resembling Ichthyostega and a probable whatcheeriid-grade tetrapod are described from two Devonian (Famennian) localities from Belgium by Olive et al. (2016).
* A study on the functional significance of the interpterygoid vacuities (holes in the palate) in temnospondyls is published by Lautenschlager, Witzmann & Werneburg (2016).
* A study on the stress distribution in the skulls of Edingerella madagascariensis and Stanocephalosaurus birdi during the bite, with implications for establishing the ecological niches occupied by these temnospondyls, is published by Fortuny et al. (2016).
* A study on the anatomy, ecological niche and life history of members the population of Eocyclotosaurus appetolatus known from the Tecolotito bonebed (Moenkopi Formation; New Mexico, United States) is published by Rinehart & Lucas (2016).
* A study on the morphology of the skull and braincase of Brachydectes newberryi is published by Pardo & Anderson (2016).
* A study on the locomotor capabilities of Triadobatrachus massinoti is published by Lires, Soto & Gómez (2016).
* A revised description of the holotype of Triadobatrachus massinoti based on X-ray micro-tomography data is published by Ascarrunz et al. (2016).
* The first unambiguous frog fossil from the Jurassic of Asia (an atlantal centrum of a possible member of the genus Eodiscoglossus) is described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Itat Formation (Russia) by Skutschas, Martin & Krasnolutskii (2016).

### New taxa
#### Temnospondyls

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Cyclotosaurus buechneri | Sp. nov | Valid | Witzmann, Sachs & Nyhuis | Late Triassic (middle Carnian) | Stuttgart Formation | Germany | A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl, a species of Cyclotosaurus. |
| Konzhukovia sangabrielensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Pacheco et al. | Permian (early Guadalupian) | Rio do Rasto Formation | Brazil | |
| Samarabatrachus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Novikov | Early Triassic | Sukhorechka Formation | Russia ( Samara Oblast) | A capitosaurid temnospondyl. The type species is S. bjerringi. |
| Selenocara rossica | Sp. nov | Valid | Novikov | Early Triassic | Sukhorechka Formation | Russia ( Orenburg Oblast Samara Oblast) | A capitosaurid temnospondyl. |
| Stanocephalosaurus amenasensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Dahoumane et al. | Early-Middle Triassic | Zarzaïtine Series, Illizi Basin | Algeria | A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl, a species of Stanocephalosaurus. |
| Syrtosuchus | Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Novikov | Early Triassic | Sukhorechka Formation | Russia ( Orenburg Oblast Samara Oblast) | A benthosuchid temnospondyl. The type species is "Wetlugasaurus" samarensis Sennikov (1981); genus also includes new species S. morkovini. |
| Tomeia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Eltink, Da-Rosa & Dias-da-Silva | Early Triassic | Sanga do Cabral Supersequence | Brazil | A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl. The type species is T. witecki. |
| Yuanansuchus maopingchangensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Liu | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Badong Formation | China | A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl, a species of Yuanansuchus. |

#### Lissamphibians

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Hyogobatrachus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ikeda, Ota & Matsui | Early Cretaceous | Sasayama Group | Japan | A frog. The type species is Hyogobatrachus wadai. |
| Kiyatriton krasnolutskii | Sp. nov | Valid | Skutschas | Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) | Itat Formation | Russia ( Krasnoyarsk Krai) | A salamander, a species of Kiyatriton. |
| Kuruleufenia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gómez | Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian) | Allen Formation | Argentina | A member of Pipidae. The type species is Kuruleufenia xenopoides. |
| Litoria lundeliusi | Sp. nov | Valid | Tyler & Prideaux | Pleistocene | | Australia | A species of Litoria. |
| Nuominerpeton | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Jia & Gao | Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian) | Guanghua Formation | China | A cryptobranchoid salamander of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is N. aquilonaris. |
| Palaeobatrachus eurydices | Sp. nov | Valid | Villa et al. | Early Pleistocene (Gelasian) | | Netherlands | |
| Phosphotriton | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Tissier, Rage, Boistel, Fernandez, Pollet, Garcia and Laurin | Eocene | | France | A salamander. The type species is Phosphotriton sigei. |
| Prospea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | Paleocene | Naranbulak Formation | Mongolia | A member of Scaphiopodidae. The type species is Prospea holoserisca. |
| Qinglongtriton | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Jia & Gao | Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) | Tiaojishan Formation | China | A basal member of Salamandroidea. The type species is Qinglongtriton gangouensis. |
| Tambabatrachus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ikeda, Ota & Matsui | Early Cretaceous | Sasayama Group | Japan | A frog. The type species is Tambabatrachus kawazu. |

#### Others

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Aytonerpeton | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Otoo, Clack & Smithson in Clack et al. | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Ballagan Formation | United Kingdom | An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is A. microps. |
| Diploradus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Clack & Smithson in Clack et al. | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Ballagan Formation | United Kingdom | An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is D. austiumensis. |
| Koilops | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Clack & Smithson in Clack et al. | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Ballagan Formation | United Kingdom | An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is K. herma. |
| Ossirarus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Clack & Smithson in Clack et al. | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Ballagan Formation | United Kingdom | An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is O. kierani. |
| Perittodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Clack & Smithson in Clack et al. | Carboniferous (Tournaisian) | Ballagan Formation | United Kingdom | An early tetrapod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is P. apsconditus. |

## Synapsids
### Non-mammalian synapsids
#### Research

* A study on the respiratory system and paleobiology of caseids is published by Lambertz et al. (2016), who argue that at least some caseids might have been predominantly aquatic and that a homologue of the mammalian diaphragm might have been present in caseids.
* A redescription of the sphenacodontian taxa Palaeohatteria and Pantelosaurus is published by Spindler (2016), who assigns both these taxa to the clade Palaeohatteriidae, but considers it likely that they represent distinct valid taxa.
* A study on the paleoneurology of non-mammaliaform therapsids is published by Benoit, Manger & Rubidge (2016), who argue that whiskers, body hair coverage and mammary glands might have been present in some non-mammaliaform therapsids.
* A study on the occurrence and size of the parietal foramen (an opening in which the pineal eye is located) in non-mammaliaform therapsids (especially non-mammaliaform eutheriodonts) known from the Karoo Supergroup of South Africa is published by Benoit et al. (2016).
* A study of life histories and growth patterns as indicated by bone tissue microstructure and body size in members of three synapsid groups that survived Permian–Triassic extinction event (dicynodonts, therocephalians and cynodonts) and one that didn't (gorgonopsians) is published by Botha-Brink et al. (2016).
* A revision of the systematics of the gorgonopsian subfamily Rubidgeinae is published by Kammerer (2016).
* A study on the anatomy and potential function of the cranial outgrowths of Choerosaurus dejageri is published by Benoit et al. (2016).
* Benoit & Jasinoski (2016) present a digital reconstruction of the lost holotype specimen of the cynodont species Scalopocynodon gracilis (a junior synonym of Procynosuchus delaharpeae).
* A study on the microstructure of the postcanine teeth of the trirachodontid cynodont Cricodon metabolus is published by Hendrickx, Abdala & Choiniere (2016).
* A description of a new specimen of Massetognathus ochagaviae collected at the Middle Triassic Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone (Brazil) is published by Pavanatto et al. (2016).
* A study comparing the growth patterns of the tritylodontid cynodont Oligokyphus and the basal mammaliaform Morganucodon is published by O'Meara & Asher (2016).
* Hair-like structures found in a coprolite recovered from the Late Permian Vyazniki site (Russia), which might represent the oldest evidence of hair in the stem group of mammals, are described by Bajdek et al. (2016).

#### New taxa

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Abdalodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kammerer | Late Permian | Beaufort Group (Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone) | South Africa | An early cynodont related to Charassognathus gracilis. The type species is Abdalodon diastematicus. |
| Bonacynodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Martinelli, Soares & Schwanke | Late Triassic (early Carnian) | Santa Maria Supersequence | Brazil | A member of Probainognathidae. The type species is B. schultzi. |
| Montirictus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Matsuoka, Kusuhashi & Korfe | Early Cretaceous (probably Barremian or Aptian) | Kuwajima Formation | Japan | A member of Tritylodontidae. The type species is Montirictus kuwajimaensis. Averianov et al. (2017) considered the genus Montirictus to be a junior synonym of the genus Stereognathus. |
| Mupashi | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Huttenlocker & Sidor | Late Permian | Madumabisa Mudstone Formation | Zambia | A therocephalian related to Karenites. The type species is Mupashi migrator. |
| Rastodon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Boos et al. | Permian (Guadalupian/Lopingian) | Rio do Rasto Formation | Brazil | A dicynodont belonging to the group Bidentalia. The type species is R. procurvidens. |
| Santacruzgnathus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Martinelli, Soares & Schwanke | Late Triassic (early Carnian) | Santa Maria Supersequence | Brazil | A member of Probainognathia, probably closely related to prozostrodontians. The type species is S. abdalai. |
| Sauroscaptor | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kammerer, Bandyopadhyay & Ray | Late Permian | Kundaram Formation | India | A cistecephalid dicynodont. The type species is S. tharavati. |
| Vaughnictis | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Brocklehurst et al. | Permian (Asselian-Sakmarian) | Cutler Group | United States ( Colorado) | A member of Eothyrididae; a new genus for "Mycterosaurus" smithae Lewis & Vaughn (1965). |
| Wantulignathus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Whitney & Sidor | Permian (Guadalupian) | Madumabisa Mudstone Formation | Zambia | A biarmosuchian. The type species is Wantulignathus gwembensis. |

### Mammals
## Other animals
### Research

* Traces of a wriggling, mucus-secreting animal are described from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (China) by Wang et al. (2016), who name a new ichnotaxon Linbotulitaenia globulus.
* New fossils of Ernietta plateauensis are described from the Ediacaran site in southern Namibia by Elliott et al. (2016).
* Embryo-like fossils are described from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (China) by Yin et al. (2016), who argue that at least some of these fossils represent crown-animal embryos.
* New fossil material of Oesia disjuncta is described by Nanglu et al. (2016), who interpret this species as a primitive acorn worm that inhabited the tubes previously identified as the alga Margaretia.
* A redescription of Helenodora inopinata and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Murdock, Gabbott & Purnell (2016).
* Description of the anatomy of the fossil velvet worm Cretoperipatus burmiticus and a study on its phylogenetic relationships is published by de Sena Oliveira et al. (2016).
* A study on the anatomy of the mouth apparatus of the lobopodian Pambdelurion whittingtoni is published by Vinther et al. (2016), who show that its mouth apparatus was identical to the fossilized feeding apparatus described under the name Omnidens.

### New taxa

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Acanthograptus lateralis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Acoelia norica | Sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | | Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida. |
| Acrograptus tenuiculus | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Amblysiphonella aiyongcuoensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Deng | Permian | | China | A sponge. |
| Annulitubus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Vinn et al. | Devonian (late Emsian) | Ponta Grossa Formation | Brazil | An annelid, possibly a polychaete. The type species is Annulitubus mutveii. |
| Antennipatus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Garwood, Edgecombe & Giribet in Garwood et al. | Carboniferous (Stephanian) | Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte | France | A velvet worm. The type species is A. montceauensis. |
| Apoglossograptus uniformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Archiasterella dhiraji | Sp. nov | Valid | Gilbert, Hughes & Myrow | Cambrian | Parahio Formation | India | |
| Archiclimacograptus columnus | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Baltichaeta | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Slater et al. | Cambrian (Stage 4) | File Haidar Formation | Sweden | A member of the total group of Annelida. The type species is B. jormunganda. |
| Baltiscalida | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Slater et al. | Cambrian (Stage 4) | File Haidar Formation | Sweden | A member of the total group of Priapulida. The type species is B. njorda. |
| Bistella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko | Cambrian | | Russia | A heteractinid sponge belonging to the group Heteractinellida and the family Heterostellidae. The type species is B. inexplicabila. |
| Bohemograptus praecox | Sp. nov | Valid | Štorch et al. | Silurian | | Czech Republic | A graptolite. |
| Bolidium bertii | Sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Bolidium. |
| Burejospermum punctatum | Sp. nov | Valid | McLoughlin et al. | Early Eocene | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A member of Clitellata of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossilized cocoons; a species of Burejospermum. |
| Burejospermum seymourense | Sp. nov | Valid | McLoughlin et al. | Early Eocene | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A member of Clitellata of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossilized cocoons; a species of Burejospermum. |
| Caelispongia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | Kasımlar Basin | Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Stellispongiellidae. The type species is C. topukensis. |
| Camerospongia tuberculata | Sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Camerospongia. |
| Camerospongia visentinae | Sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Camerospongia. |
| Capsulocyathus petri | Sp. nov | Valid | Sundukov & Zhuravlev | Cambrian | | Russia | A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Cryptoporocyathidae. |
| Cavispongia scarpai | Sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Cavispongia. |
| Conotheca hensoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Peel et al. | Cambrian | Henson Gletscher Formation | Greenland | A member of Hyolitha belonging to the group Orthothecida. |
| Constellatispongia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting & Peel | Early Cambrian | Buen Formation | Greenland | A sponge. The type species is C. canismajorii. |
| Corallistes multiosculata | Sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Corallistes. |
| Cornulites vilcae | Sp. nov | Valid | Vinn & Gutiérez-Marco | Late Ordovician (probably late Sandbian) | Probably Calapuja Formation | Peru | A member of Cornulitida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Cornulites. |
| Cornulites zatoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Vinn & Gutiérez-Marco | Late Ordovician (Sandbian) | Calapuja Formation | Peru | A member of Cornulitida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Cornulites. |
| Coronispongia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge. The type species is Coronispongia confossa. |
| Corynites nanus | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Crassicoactum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting & Peel | Early Cambrian | Buen Formation | Greenland | A sponge. The type species is C. cucumis. |
| Daharella triassica | Sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | Kasımlar Basin | Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Auriculospongiidae. |
| Dicranograptus ramosus angustus | Subsp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Eoglyptograptus asymmetros | Sp. nov | Valid | Goldman & Zhang in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Eolipastrotethya | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Łukowiak & Pisera | Late Eocene | Pallinup Formation | Australia | A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Bubarida. The type species is E. picketti. |
| Erismacoscinus lucanoi | Sp. nov | Valid | Menéndez et al. | Cambrian Stage 3 | Pedroche Formation | Spain | A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Asterocyathidae. |
| Esakovella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko | Cambrian | | Russia | A tommotiid belonging to the family Kelanellidae. The type species is E. grigorievae. |
| Fallocyathus accomodatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Sundukov in Sundukov & Zhuravlev | Cambrian | | Russia | A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Fallocyathidae. |
| Fallocyathus apheles | Sp. nov | Valid | Sundukov in Sundukov & Zhuravlev | Cambrian | | Russia | A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Fallocyathidae. |
| Geodia hopetouni | Sp. nov | Valid | Łukowiak & Pisera | Late Eocene | Pallinup Formation | Australia | A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Tetractinellida, a species of Geodia. |
| Haddingograptus cuneatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Haddingograptus flexibilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Haddingograptus tarimensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Hadimopanella incubo | Sp. nov | Valid | Streng, Ebbestad & Berg-Madsen | Cambrian | | Sweden | A palaeoscolecid worm. |
| Hadimopanella oelandiana | Sp. nov | Valid | Streng, Ebbestad & Berg-Madsen | Cambrian | | Sweden | A palaeoscolecid worm. |
| Hallograptus echinatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Hamptonia limatula | Sp. nov | Valid | Botting & Peel | Early Cambrian | Buen Formation | Greenland | A sponge. |
| Hexactinella clampensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Hexactinella. |
| ?Hyalostelia spinula | Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko | Cambrian | | Russia | A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the group Hexasterophora and the family Hyalostellidae. |
| Jiangxigraptus? delicatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Jiangxigraptus ultilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Kuonamia | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Cambrian Stage 4 to Guzhangian | Holm Dal Formation Kuonamka Formation | Greenland  Russia ( Sakha Republic) | A sponge; a replacement name for Disparella Fedorov in Fedorov & Pereladov (1987). |
| Lenica perversa | Sp. nov | Valid | Botting & Peel | Early Cambrian | Buen Formation | Greenland | A sponge. |
| Lyrarapax trilobus | Sp. nov | Valid | Cong et al. | Early Cambrian | | China | |
| Milyasa | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | Dereköy Basin | Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Preperonidellidae. The type species is M. polysiphonata; genus also includes M. askomorpha. |
| Mimograptus tenuis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Monocrepidium pauli | Sp. nov | Valid | Łukowiak & Pisera | Late Eocene | Pallinup Formation | Australia | A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Bubarida. |
| Monocrepidium unispiculatum | Sp. nov | Valid | Łukowiak & Pisera | Late Eocene | Pallinup Formation | Australia | A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Bubarida. |
| Nganki namak | Sp. nov | Valid | Kruse & Hughes | Cambrian | Khussak Formation | Pakistan | A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Nganki. |
| Obscurospongia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | Kasımlar Basin | Turkey | An inozoid or chaetetid sponge. The type species is O. chaetetiformis |
| Oepikograptus originalis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Orthograptus paracalcaratus | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Ottoia guizhouensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Yang, Zhao & Zhang | Cambrian | Kaili Formation | China | A stem-group priapulid, a species of Ottoia. |
| Pachastrella australis | Sp. nov | Valid | Łukowiak & Pisera | Late Eocene | Pallinup Formation | Australia | A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Tetractinellida. |
| Pachastrella intermedia | Sp. nov | Valid | Łukowiak & Pisera | Late Eocene | Pallinup Formation | Australia | A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Tetractinellida. |
| Palaeoscolex xinglongensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | Cambrian | Wulongqing Formation | China | A palaeoscolecid. |
| Palaeotubus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sanfilippo et al. | Permian | Pietra di Salomone limestone | Italy | A polychaete, possibly a relative of serpulids. The type species is P. sosiensis. |
| Pegmatothylakos | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | McLoughlin et al. | Early Eocene | La Meseta Formation | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | A member of Clitellata of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossilized cocoons. The type species is Pegmatothylakos manumii. |
| Phycopsis arbusculum | Sp. nov | Valid | Łukowiak & Pisera | Late Eocene | Pallinup Formation | Australia | A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Axinellida. |
| Preperonidella asymmetrica | Sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | Kasımlar Basin | Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Preperonidellidae. |
| Proclimacograptus angustatus ultimus | Subsp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |
| Pronormalograptus | Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China  United Kingdom | A graptolite. The type species is P. acicularis; genus also includes new species P. regularis, as well as P. euglyphus (Lapworth, 1880) and P. siccatus (Elles and Wood, 1907). |
| Pseudosardospongia | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko | Cambrian | | Russia | A calcareous sponge belonging to the family Polyactinellidae. The type species is P. plana; genus also includes P. miriculata. |
| Rajatubulus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Yang et al. | Early Cambrian | | Kazakhstan | A member of Cloudinidae; a new genus for "Pseudorthotheca" costata Mambetov in Missarzhevsky & Mambetov (1981). |
| Rankenella zhangxianensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lee, Woo & Lee | Cambrian | Zhangxia Formation | China | A sponge belonging to the family Anthaspidellidae. |
| Ratcliffespongia freuchenensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Botting & Peel | Early Cambrian | Buen Formation | Greenland | A sponge. |
| Rigonia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge. The type species is Rigonia plicata. |
| Rotundocyathus indistinctus | Sp. nov | Valid | Sundukov in Sundukov & Zhuravlev | Cambrian | | Russia | A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Ajacicyathidae. |
| Rugatotheca daibuica | Sp. nov | Valid | Yang et al. | Early Cambrian | Daibu Member of the Xiaotan section | China | A small shelly fossil of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
| Saccoglossus testa | Sp. nov | Valid | Cameron | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Mazon Creek fossil beds | United States ( Illinois) | An acorn worm belonging to the family Harrimaniidae, a species of Saccoglossus. |
| Saetaspongia procera | Sp. nov | Valid | Botting & Peel | Early Cambrian | Buen Formation | Greenland | A sponge. |
| Sanxiascolex | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Yang & Zhang | Cambrian | Shipai Formation | China | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is P. papillogyrus. |
| Sardospongia gigantea | Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko | Cambrian | | Russia | A calcareous sponge belonging to the family Polyactinellidae. |
| Sardospongia triplexa | Sp. nov | Valid | Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko | Cambrian | | Russia | A calcareous sponge belonging to the family Polyactinellidae. |
| Sarmentofascis zamparelliae | Sp. nov | Valid | Schlagintweit, Frijia & Parente | Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Sarmentofascis. |
| Semigothograptus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Kozłowska | Silurian | | Czech Republic  Germany  Poland  United Kingdom | A graptolite; a new genus for "Gothograptus" meganassa Rickards & Palmer (2002). |
| Sibirecyathus onkhoydokh | Sp. nov | Valid | Sundukov & Zhuravlev | Cambrian | | Russia | A member of Archaeocyatha belonging to the family Ajacicyathidae. |
| Spathioconchus | Gen. et sp. nov | | Zatoń et al. | Early Triassic (Induan) | | Greenland | A member of Microconchida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs). The type species is S. weedoni. |
| Spinuliconchus | Gen. et et comb. sp. nov | Valid | Zatoń & Olempska | Devonian | | Poland  United States | A member of Microconchida. The type species is "Spirorbis" angulatus Hall (1861); genus also includes new species S. biernatae. |
| Stauractinella eocenica | Sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Stauractinella. |
| Talacastospongia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Carrera & Rustán | Devonian (Lochkovian) | Talacasto Formation | Argentina | A hexactinellid sponge. The type species is Talacastospongia minima. |
| Tanchajella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Fedorov in Fedorov, Parkhaev & Demidenko | Cambrian | | Russia | A hexactinellid sponge belonging to the group Amphidiscophora and the family Hyalonematidae. The type species is T. aculeata. |
| Taurispongia | Gen. et 8 sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | Dereköy Basin | Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Stellispongiellidae. The type species is T. oligocanalis; genus also includes new species T. polycanalis, T. tenuis, T. lamellicanalis, T. fascifera, T. siderifera, T. lamellata and T. polyforma. |
| Tenuipariespongia taurica | Sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | Kasımlar Basin | Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida. |
| Toulminia italica | Sp. nov | Valid | Frisone, Pisera & Preto | Eocene (early Lutetian) | | Italy | A sponge, a species of Toulminia. |
| Triptolemma solida | Sp. nov | Valid | Łukowiak & Pisera | Late Eocene | Pallinup Formation | Australia | A heteroscleromorph demosponge belonging to the group Tetractinellida. |
| Tritonychus | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Zhang et al. | Early Cambrian | | China | A lobopodian. The type species is T. phanerosarkus. |
| Tuberoconchus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Zatoń in Zatoń & Olempska | Silurian (Ludlow) | Kuressaare Formation | Estonia  Sweden | A member of Microconchida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs). The type species is "Palaeoconchus" wilsoni Zatoń, Vinn & Toom (2016). |
| Tulenicornus? frykmani | Sp. nov | Valid | Peel et al. | Cambrian | Henson Gletscher Formation | Greenland | A member of Hyolitha belonging to the group Hyolithida. |
| Tyanada | Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) | | Australia  Austria  Iran  Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Virgulidae. The type species is "Grossotubenella" variabilis Senowbari-Daryan (2005); genus also includes new species T. irregularis. |
| Unicornigraptus | Gen. et 3 sp. nov | Valid | Chen & Goldman in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China  Sweden | A graptolite. Genus includes new species U. minimus Chen, U. scandinavicus Goldman and U. xinjiangensis Chen and Goldman. |
| Wildspongia? krystyni | Sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan & Link | Late Triassic (Norian) | Dereköy Basin | Turkey | A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and the family Stellispongiellidae. |
| Wronascolex geyiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Peng et al. | Cambrian | | China | A palaeoscolecid worm, a species of Wronascolex. |
| Wronascolex? johanssoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Streng, Ebbestad & Berg-Madsen | Cambrian | | Sweden | A palaeoscolecid worm. |
| Wronascolex yichangensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Yang & Zhang | Cambrian | | China | A palaeoscolecid worm, a species of Wronascolex. |
| Xiphograptus aksuensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen in Chen et al. | Ordovician | | China | A graptolite. |

## Other organisms
### New taxa

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Accordiella? tarburensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schlagintweit & Rashidi | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Tarbur Formation | Iran | A foraminifer belonging to the group Textulariida and the family Chrysalidinidae. |
| Acuasiphonoria | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | Ordovician | Tarim Basin | China | A member of Cyanobacteria. The type species is Acuasiphonoria ordovica. |
| Adnatosphaeridium ivoriense | Sp. nov | Valid | Awad & Oboh-Ikuenobe | Late Paleocene and early Eocene | | Gulf of Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin)  Nigeria | A dinoflagellate belonging to the group Gonyaulacales. |
| Agathammina vachardi | Sp. nov | Valid | Zhang in Zhang et al. | Permian | Xiala Formation | China | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolata and the family Cornuspiridae. |
| Amsassia koreanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Lee et al. | Middle and Late Ordovician (Darriwilian-Katian) | Duwibong Formation Xiazhen Formation | China  South Korea | An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, probably a calcareous alga. |
| Anchisolenopora | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Vachard et al. | Ordovician-Carboniferous | | China  France  Norway  Sweden | A red alga, possibly related to the coralline algae. The type species is "Hedstroemia" serrana Vachard & Aretz (2004); genus also includes "Hedstroemia" nidarosiensis Høeg, 1932 emend. Roux, 1985, "Hedstroemia" koninckoporoides Vachard, 1988 and "Pseudosolenopora" owodenkoi sensu Mamet, 2002 non Chanton-Güvenç, 1972. |
| Annelaurea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Harper et al. | Carboniferous (late Viséan) | | France | An oomycete. The type species is Annelaurea excornis. |
| Aulacoseira helianthus | Sp. nov | Valid | Mohan & Stone in Mohan, Stone & Campisano | Pliocene | Hadar Formation | Ethiopia | A diatom belonging to the group Aulacoseirales and the family Aulacoseiraceae. |
| Aulacoseira jewsonii | Sp. nov | Valid | Mohan & Stone in Mohan, Stone & Campisano | Pliocene | Hadar Formation | Ethiopia | A diatom belonging to the group Aulacoseirales and the family Aulacoseiraceae. |
| Baltinema | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Slater et al. | Cambrian (Stage 4) | File Haidar Formation | Sweden | A filamentous organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is B. rana. |
| Barattolites andhuri | Sp. nov | Valid | Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al. | Eocene | Dammam Formation | Oman  Yemen | A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Orbitolinidae. |
| Berkutaphycus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Schopf, Sergeev & Kudryavtsev | Early Cambrian | Kyrshabakta Formation | Kazakhstan | An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be related to hormogonian cyanobacteria or to eukaryotic green or chrysophyte algae. The type species is Berkutaphycus elongatus. |
| Bianchina | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Schiøler | Cretaceous (late Aptian–middle Cenomanian) | East Coast Basin | New Zealand | A dinoflagellate. The type species is Bianchina hieroglyphica. |
| Bolivinides intermedius | Sp. nov | Valid | Dubicka & Peryt | Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) | | Poland  Ukraine | A foraminifer belonging to the group Rotaliina and the family Bolivinoididae. |
| Braarudosphaera insecta | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Late Paleocene | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the family Braarudosphaeraceae. |
| Braarudosphaera wendleriae | Sp. nov | Valid | Lees & Bown | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the family Braarudosphaeraceae. |
| Bramletteius cultellus | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae. |
| Broccoliforma | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mason & Narbonne | Ediacaran | | Canada ( Newfoundland and Labrador) | A flabellate, lobate frond with at least superficial similarities to the ivesheadiomorph Blackbrookia. The type species is B. alta. |
| Bulbobaculites felixi | Sp. nov | Valid | Pleş, Bucur & Săsăran | Early Cretaceous (late Aptian) | | Romania | A lituolid foraminifer. |
| Caelatimurus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Riedman & Porter | Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic | Alinya Formation Chuar Group Muhos Formation Roper Group | Australia  Finland  United States | An acritarch. Genus includes new species C. foveolatus. |
| Chinggiskhaania | Gen. et sp. nov | | Dornbos et al. | Ediacaran | Zuun-Arts Formation | Mongolia | A multicellular benthic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Chinggiskhaania bifurcata. |
| Clypeorbis? ultima | Sp. nov | Valid | Schlagintweit, Studeny & Sanders | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Kambühel Formation | Austria | A foraminifer, possibly a member of Clypeorbinae. |
| Coccolithus subcirculus | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte, a species of Coccolithus. |
| Cretaciclavulina | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Schlagintweit & Cvetko Tešović | Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) | Gornji Humac Formation Pučišća Formation | Croatia | A foraminifer belonging to the superfamily Textulariacea, possibly a member of the family Valvulinidae. The type species is C. gusici. |
| Cribrionella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Jovanovska et al. | Quaternary | | Lake Ohrid | A diatom belonging to the group Thalassiosirales and the family Stephanodiscaceae. The type species is Cribrionella ohridana |
| Crinisdendrum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Dzik, Baliński & Sun | Ordovician (early Floian) | Fenxiang Formation | China | An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; the authors of its description considered it most likely that it was a relative of pterobranchs. The type species is C. sinicum. |
| Cucurbita aggtelekensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan | Late Triassic (Carnian) | | Hungary | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolina and the family Milioliporidae. |
| Cucurbita minima | Sp. nov | Valid | Senowbari-Daryan | Late Triassic (Carnian) | Mufara Formation | Hungary  Italy  Turkey? | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolina and the family Milioliporidae. |
| Culcitulisphaera | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Riedman & Porter | Late Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic | Alinya Formation Chuar Group Eleonore Bay Group Lakhanda Group Visingsö Group | Australia  Botswana  Greenland  Moldova  Russia  Sweden  Ukraine  United States | An acritarch. Genus includes new species C. revelata. |
| Delphineis urbinai | Sp. nov | Valid | Gariboldi | Miocene | Pisco Formation | Peru | A diatom. |
| Diphyes digitum | Sp. nov | Valid | Awad & Oboh-Ikuenobe | Early Paleocene | | Gulf of Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin) | A dinoflagellate belonging to the group Gonyaulacales. |
| Discocyclina kutchensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Özcan & Saraswati in Özcan et al. | Eocene (Bartonian) | Fulra Limestone | India  Pakistan | A foraminifer belonging to the family Discocyclinidae. |
| 'Discocyclina' sulaimanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Özcan, Ali & Hanif in Özcan et al. | Eocene (Bartonian) | Drazinda Formation | Pakistan | A foraminifer belonging to the family Discocyclinidae. |
| Elianella brasiliana | Sp. nov | Valid | Granier & Dias-Brito | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Riachuelo Formation | Brazil | A red alga belonging to the group Corallinophycidae, possibly a member of Rhodogorgonales; a species of Elianella. |
| Ellipsolithus linnertii | Sp. nov | Valid | Lees & Bown | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
| Ellipsolithus pumex | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
| Endoceratium immarinum | Sp. nov | Valid | Razumkova | Early Cretaceous (Aptian) | | Russia | A dinoflagellate belonging to the family Ceratiaceae. |
| Entosolenia intermillerelineata | Sp. nov | Valid | Margerel | Late Pliocene-early Pleistocene | | France | A foraminifer belonging to the family Ellipsolagenidae. |
| Eocladopyxis furculum | Sp. nov | Valid | Awad & Oboh-Ikuenobe | Paleocene to Oligocene | | Gulf of Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin) | A dinoflagellate belonging to the group Gonyaulacales. |
| Eohalothece | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Strother & Wellman | Precambrian | Cailleach Head Formation Diabaig Formation Kinloch Formation Nonesuch Formation | United Kingdom  United States ( Michigan) | A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Chroococcaceae. The type species is Eohalothece lacustrina. |
| Ercumentina | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Serra-Kiel & Vicedo in Serra-Kiel et al. | Paleocene | Jafnayn Formation | Oman | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the superfamily Alveolinoidea. The type species is E. sayqensis. |
| Ericsonia aliquanta | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae. |
| Ericsonia media | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Late Paleocene | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae. |
| Ericsonia monilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae. |
| Ericsonia orbis | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Coccolithales and the family Coccolithaceae. |
| Galerosphaera | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Porter & Riedman | Neoproterozoic | Chuar Group | United States ( Arizona) | An organic-walled microfossil; a new genus for "Vandalosphaeridium" walcottii Vidal & Ford (1985). |
| Gemmaphyton | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Ediacaran | Doushantuo Formation | China | A macrofossil organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly an alga. The type species is G. taoyingensis. |
| Glomospirella cantabrica | Sp. nov | Valid | Schlagintweit, Rosales & Najarro | Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) | Las Peñosas Formation Reocín Formation | Spain | A foraminifer belonging to the class Tubothalamea, the order Ammodiscida and the family Ammodiscidae. |
| Gomphosiphon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | Ordovician | Tarim Basin | China | A possible member of Cyanobacteria. The type species is Gomphosiphon xinjiangensis. |
| Helicolithus blairiae | Sp. nov | Valid | Kita, Watkins & Bergen | Late Cretaceous (late Santonian) | Niobrara Formation | United States ( Kansas) | A haptophyte belonging to the family Eiffellithaceae. |
| Hyalolithus tumescens | Sp. nov | Valid | Abe, Tsutsui & Jordan | Eocene | | Barbados  United States ( California) | A haptophyte belonging to the group Prymnesiales. |
| Idalina grelaudae | Sp. nov | Valid | Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al. | Eocene | | Oman  Yemen | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Hauerinidae. |
| Idalina pignattii | Sp. nov | Valid | Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al. | Oligocene | Ashawq Formation | Oman  Yemen | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Hauerinidae. |
| Jimenezberrocosoia | Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Lees & Bown | Cretaceous (Aptian-Turonian) | | North Sea Basin  Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the family Biscutaceae. Genus includes "Crucibiscutum" bosunensis Jeremiah (2001), as well as new species J. birchiae. |
| Jodhpurophycus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kumar & Ahmad | Ediacaran | Jodhpur Sandstone | India | A possible alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species J. marwarensis. |
| Kaibabia | Gen. et sp. nov | Disputed | Porter & Riedman | Neoproterozoic | Chuar Group | United States ( Arizona) | An organic-walled microfossil. Genus includes new species K. gemmulella. Loron & Moczydłowska (2018) considered the genus Kaibabia to be a junior synonym of the genus Leiosphaeridia, and transferred the species K. gemmulella to the latter genus. |
| Karenagare | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Riedman & Porter | Neoproterozoic | Alinya Formation | Australia  Russia? | An acritarch. Genus includes new species K. alinyaensis. |
| Kokia kayae | Sp. nov | Valid | Lees & Bown | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | | Tanzania | A microfossil. |
| Lacazinella rogeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Serra-Kiel & Vicedo in Serra-Kiel et al. | Paleocene | Jafnayn Formation | Oman | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Fabulariidae. |
| Lanternithus unicavus | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the family Calyptrosphaeraceae. |
| Lantianella | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Wan et al. | Early Ediacaran | Lantian Formation | China | An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be a cnidarian (the possibility considered to be most likely by the authors of its description), or a macroalga. The type species is Lantianella laevis; genus also includes L. annularis. |
| Lanulatisphaera | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Porter & Riedman | Neoproterozoic | Alinya Formation Chuar Group Karuyarvinskaya Formation Visingsö Group | Australia  Russia  Sweden  United States ( Arizona)  Greenland?  Norway? | An organic-walled microfossil; a new genus for "Trachysphaeridium" laufeldi Vidal (1976). |
| Latiortenuiphyton | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Ediacaran | Doushantuo Formation | China | A macroscopic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is L. robusta. |
| Lindavia cohenii | Sp. nov | Valid | Mohan & Stone in Mohan, Stone & Campisano | Pliocene | Hadar Formation | Ethiopia | A diatom belonging to the group Thalassiosirales and the family Stephanodiscaceae. |
| Macetadiscus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hottinger, Serra-Kiel & Gallardo-Garcia in Serra-Kiel et al. | Eocene | | Oman  Yemen | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Soritidae. The type species is M. incolumnatus. |
| Mallomonas elephantus | Sp. nov | Valid | Siver & Wolfe | Eocene | | Canada | A synurophyte, a species of Mallomonas. |
| Megacrassispirella | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Zhang in Zhang et al. | Permian | Xiala Formation | China | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolata and the family Cornuspiridae. A new genus for "Ammodiscus" xarlashanensis Wang (1986). |
| Microlepidopalla | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Porter & Riedman | Neoproterozoic, possibly also Mesoproterozoic | Chuar Group Moosehorn Lake Formation Muhos Formation? | United States ( Arizona)  Finland? | An organic-walled microfossil. Genus includes new species M. mira. |
| Morgensternia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Riedman & Porter | Neoproterozoic | Alinya Formation | Australia | An acritarch. Genus includes new species M. officerensis. |
| Nannoconus funiculus | Sp. nov | Valid | Lees & Bown | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the family Nannoconaceae. |
| Nodocantabricus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rigaud & Schlagintweit | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Altamira Formation Bielba Formation | Spain | A foraminifer belonging to the family Polymorphinidae. Genus includes new species N. duplexmurus. |
| Nyktericysta sibirica | Sp. nov | Valid | Razumkova | Early Cretaceous (Aptian) | | Russia | A dinoflagellate belonging to the family Ceratiaceae. |
| Omanodiscus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hottinger, Serra-Kiel & Gallardo-Garcia in Serra-Kiel et al. | Eocene | | Oman | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Soritidae. The type species is O. tenuissimus. |
| Oolina barkeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Margerel | Late Pliocene-early Pleistocene | | France | A foraminifer belonging to the family Ellipsolagenidae. |
| Oolina falsoscalariformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Margerel | Early Pliocene | | France | A foraminifer belonging to the family Ellipsolagenidae. |
| Ortonellopsis | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Vachard & Cózar in Vachard et al. | Silurian-Triassic | | Canada  France  Greece  Spain | A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Garwoodiaceae. The type species is O. laxa; genus also includes "Ortonella" mansellensis (Poncet, 1986) and "Ortonella" myrae Rácz (1964). |
| Paragraptobranca | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Ediacaran | Doushantuo Formation | China | A macrofossil organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, might be a macroalga or an animal. The type species is P. curvus. |
| Perissothallus dekovensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Pšenička & Krings | Carboniferous (Gzhelian) | Slaný Formation | Czech Republic | An alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Perissothallus. |
| Petrarhabdus? kirenii | Sp. nov | Valid | Lees & Bown | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the family Prediscosphaeraceae. |
| Piyuania | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wan et al. | Early Ediacaran | Lantian Formation | China | An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a cnidarian-grade animal. The type species is P. cyathiformis. |
| Plumeropriscum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mason & Narbonne | Ediacaran | | Canada ( Newfoundland and Labrador) | A mop-like rangeomorph. The type species is P. hofmanni. |
| Pontosphaera veta | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Zygodiscales and the family Pontosphaeraceae. |
| Proaulopora pachydermatica | Sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | Ordovician | Tarim Basin | China | A possible member of Cyanobacteria, a species of Proaulopora. |
| Pseudoaccordiella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al. | Eocene | | Oman  Yemen | A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Pfenderinidae. The type species is P. ayaki. |
| Pseudodoushantuophyton | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Ediacaran | Doushantuo Formation | China | A probably a macroalga. The type species is P. wenghuiensis. |
| Pseudolituonella robineti | Sp. nov | Valid | Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al. | Eocene | Aydim Formation | Oman  Yemen | A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Coskinolinidae. |
| Pseudonumoloculina kalantarii | Sp. nov | Valid | Schlagintweit & Rashidi | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Tarbur Formation | Iran | A foraminifer belonging to the family Hauerinidae. |
| Pseudorhapydionina bilottei | Sp. nov | Valid | Consorti, Boix & Caus | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | La Cova Unit | Spain | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the family Praerhapydioninidae. |
| Qianchuania | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wan et al. | Early Ediacaran | Lantian Formation | China | An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a cnidarian-grade animal. The type species is Q. fusiformis. |
| Rogerella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al. | Eocene | Aydim Formation | Oman  Yemen | A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Orbitolinidae. The type species is R. aydimi. |
| Rossanella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rigaud & Blau | Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian) | Schnöll Formation | Austria | A foraminifer belonging to the group Robertinida and the family Conorboididae. The type species is R. martinii. |
| Rothpletzella longita | Sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | Ordovician | Tarim Basin | China | A microorganism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Rothpletzella. |
| Socotraella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gallardo-Garcia & Serra-Kiel in Serra-Kiel et al. | Oligocene | Ashawq Formation Aydim Formation | Oman  Yemen | A foraminifer belonging to the group Globothalamea and the family Valvulinidae. The type species is S. ashawqi. |
| Solisphaera palmula | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Middle-Late Paleocene | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Syracosphaerales, related to the family Rhabdosphaeraceae. |
| Solisphaera tegula | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Middle Paleocene to Middle Eocene | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Syracosphaerales, related to the family Rhabdosphaeraceae. |
| Sphenolithus pospichalii | Sp. nov | Valid | Jiang et al. | Early Miocene | | Northern shelf of the South China Sea | A microfossil. |
| Spirolina? farsiana | Sp. nov | Valid | Schlagintweit & Rashidi | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Tarbur Formation | Iran | A foraminifer belonging to the group Miliolida and the superfamily Soritoidea. |
| Surninia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kolosov | Ediacaran | | Russia | A microorganism. Genus includes new species S. implicata. |
| Tectatodinium nigeriaense | Sp. nov | Valid | Awad & Oboh-Ikuenobe | Paleocene | | Gulf of Guinea (Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin)  Nigeria | A dinoflagellate belonging to the group Gonyaulacales. |
| Tongrenphyton | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Ediacaran | Doushantuo Formation | China | A probably a eukaryotic alga. The type species is T. komma. |
| Toweius patellus | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Isochrysidales and the family Prinsiaceae. |
| Toweius reticulum | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Late Paleocene | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the order Isochrysidales and the family Prinsiaceae. |
| Trochoguembelitria liuae | Sp. nov | Valid | Arenillas, Arz & Náñez | Paleocene (early Danian) | El Haria Formation | Tunisia | A foraminifer belonging to the group Heterohelicacea and the family Guembelitriidae. |
| Trochoguembelitria olssoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Arenillas, Arz & Náñez | Paleocene (early Danian) | El Haria Formation | Tunisia | A foraminifer belonging to the group Heterohelicacea and the family Guembelitriidae. |
| Velleditsiella | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Rigaud & Blau | Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian) | Schnöll Formation | Austria | A foraminifer belonging to the group Robertinida and the family Trochosiphoniidae. The type species is V. felicitaszae; genus also includes V. spinaferra. |
| Vendophycus | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Kumar & Ahmad | Ediacaran | Jodhpur Sandstone | India | A possible alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species V. rajasthanensis and V. sursagarensis. |
| Vidalopalla | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Riedman & Porter | Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic | Alinya Formation Baffin Bay Group Ekkerøy Formation Klubbnes Formation Ruyang Group | Australia  China  Greenland  India  Norway  Russia  United States | A microfossil. Genus includes "Kildinosphaera" verrucata Vidal in Vidal & Siedlecka (1983), as well as "Kildinosphaera" granulata Vidal in Vidal & Siedlecka (1983). |
| Volleyballia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Porter & Riedman | Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic | Alinya Formation Browne Formation Chuar Group Conselheiro Mata Group | Australia  Botswana  Brazil  United States ( Arizona) | An organic-walled microfossil. Genus includes new species V. dehlerae. |
| Xianella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Lee & Riding | Middle–Late Ordovician | | China | A member of Cyanobacteria. The type species is X. hongii. |
| Xiuningella | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wan et al. | Early Ediacaran | Lantian Formation | China | An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be a worm-like animal or an alga. The type species is X. rara. |
| Youngilithus bipons | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Paleocene (Selandian) | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the family Calyptrosphaeraceae. |
| Youngilithus transversipons | Sp. nov | Valid | Bown | Middle-Late Paleocene | | Tanzania | A haptophyte belonging to the family Calyptrosphaeraceae. |
| Zuunartsphyton | Gen. et sp. nov | | Dornbos et al. | Ediacaran | Zuun-Arts Formation | Mongolia | A multicellular benthic alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Zuunartsphyton delicatum. |

### Research

* Probable stromatolites are described from the 3,700-Myr-old rocks from the Isua supracrustal belt (Greenland) by Nutman et al. (2016); however, Allwood et al. (2018) subsequently argue that these putative stromatolites as more likely to be structures of non-biological origin.
* Exceptionally large, organic, smooth-walled, coccoidal microfossils are described from the 2.52 Ga Gamohaan Formation (South Africa) by Czaja, Beukes & Osterhout (2016), who interpret them as fossils of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria similar to members of the modern genus Thiomargarita.
* Macroscopic fossils up to 30 cm long and nearly 8 cm wide are described from the 1,56-billion-year-old Gaoyuzhuang Formation (Yanshan area, North China) by Zhu et al. (2016), who interpret them as probable fossils of benthic multicellular eukaryotes of size that is unprecedentedly large for eukaryotes older than the Ediacaran Period.
* Organic-walled microfossils (at least some of which are eukaryote fossils) with holes in the walls similar to those formed by predatory protists in the walls of their prey to consume the contents inside are described from the 780–740 million-year-old Chuar Group (Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA) by Porter (2016).
* Tubular microfossils showing similarities to modern coenocytic green and yellow-green algae are described from the ~2.8 to 2.7 Ga lacustrine deposits in South Africa by Kaźmierczak et al. (2016).
* Soft-bodied discoidal specimens resembling Aspidella are described from the Ediacaran Cerro Negro Formation (Argentina) by Arrouy et al. (2016).