OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yampa, Iowa

Yampa is a small unincorporated community in Wapello County, Iowa, United States.
Yampa was the site of a school, rail station, general store, cemetery, and short-lived post office.

## Geography

Yampa lies west of Batavia, near the junction of U.S. Route 34 and County Highway V-43, south of Bladensburg.

## History
### Early years

Yampa was founded in Pleasant Township. The village of Yampa briefly had a post office from 1899 to 1900. Charles E. Walker was the postmaster. The site was established on the Chicago, Fort Madison and Des Moines Railway. At this time, Yampa was considered a community.
Yampa had a school in this era. In addition to the school and post office, Yampa had a general store and was considered a "thriving little town". The Yampa school was also used as a church.
A literary society was formed in Yampa in November 1899. The literary society held events in Yampa and co-sponsored events with the Pleasant Grove literary society. In 1900, due to the railroad line in Yampa being "torn up" due to construction, Yampa's mail service was disrupted, with it being reported that mail was arriving late or not at all.
Yampa's population was 12 in 1902. The Yampa School District was still operational in 1916.

### Later years

In 1936, Yampa celebrated its Independence Day with races, athletic contests, music, and dances at the Ennis (Yampa) Sterner grove. Speeches were made by Iowa Attorney General candidate Robert Shaw and secretary of the National Farmers Union Edward E. Kennedy.
In 1939, the rail line between Ft. Madison and Ottumwa, called the 'Pea Vine', was discontinued, with the railroad being torn out. Yampa had been the first stop on the railroad; by this date, the Ottumwa Courier noted, the town of Yampa was mostly found on older maps. In 1962, it was recalled that the Yampa school, along with other area schools, had been painted white.
In 1991, the Ottumwa Public Library announced a pictorial history project of historic towns in Wapello County, including Yampa, Ormanville, and Competine.
The Yampa-Sterner cemetery is maintained by Pleasant Township.
# Chincheros Province

Chincheros Province is the smallest of seven provinces of the Apurímac Region in Peru. The capital of the province is the city of Chincheros.

## Boundaries

* North: Ayacucho Region
* East: Andahuaylas Province
* South: Andahuaylas Province
* West: Ayacucho Region

## Geography

One of the highest peaks of the province is Kuntur Wasi at approximately 4,200 m (13,800 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Chikuru Pata
* Chuqi Pukyu
* Hatun Kuntur Qaqa
* Llama Wasi
* Llawi P'unqu
* Llulluch'ayuq
* Miyu Urqu
* Puka Qucha
* Puma Puyku
* Qawiña
* Qucha Pata
* Wari Wari
* Waychaw
* Wisk'achayuq
* Yana Urqu

## Political division

The province measures 1,242.33 square kilometres (479.67 sq mi) and is divided into eight districts:
* Chincheros
* Anco-Huallo
* Cocharcas
* Huaccana
* Ocobamba
* Ongoy
* Uranmarca
* Ranracancha
* Rocchacc
* El Porvenir
* Los Chankas

## Ethnic groups

The people in the province are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (80.41%) learnt to speak in childhood, 19.09% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language and 0.14% using Aymara (2007 Peru Census).

## Culture

Chincheros is also the site of la Fiesta de la Virgen del Carmen. This yearly Fiesta patronal celebrates the Virgin del Carmen from Mount Carmel in Galilee. During the Spanish conquest of Peru, La Virgen del Carmen became venerated among the native population of the south Andes of Peru. Each locality has its own version of exactly how the veneration began, most related to miracles that she performed, convincing the population. The Fiesta is based around a mass followed by dancing, performances, food, and drink. The dances and other performances vary based on location, but most include satire and parody of Spanish characters, such as landlords, the nobility, even toreros. The fight between peoples of the Andes and the Amazon is also represented, wherein the Andeans win and devils steal the souls of dead bodies to take to Hell. The Fiesta has also been brought to Lima by those former residents of Chincheros who now reside in the country's capitol.
# Veľká Lúka

Veľká Lúka (Hungarian: Nagyrét) is a village and municipality of the Zvolen District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.
# Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants

The Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants (MNCPA) is a professional association for certified public accountants (CPAs) in Minnesota.
A group of accountants founded the MNCPA in 1904 with the purpose of elevating the profession and supporting the passage of Minnesota's Certified Public Accountant law in 1909.
Today, the MNCPA has more than 8,000 members.

## History

The MNCPA incorporated on July 14, 1904, with seven charter members. The organization originally incorporated under the name "Minnesota Society of Public Accountants." The society adopted its current name in 1928 after merging with another organization for CPAs in Minnesota, the "Minnesota State Society of Certified Public Accountants."
Minnesota was the 19th state to organize a CPA society, seven years after New York created the first CPA society in 1897.

## Governance

The MNCPA is governed by a 16-person board, annually elected by the membership. Leadership includes the board chair and the MNCPA president.
A staff of 30 oversees the daily operations of the organization at the MNCPA office in Bloomington, Minnesota.
Members can volunteer to join MNCPA committees or task forces, which are designed to provide member input on programs, events or services. Such committees include conference task forces, legislative groups and ethics committees.
# Oussama Jaziri

Oussama Jaziri (born 6 November 1992) is a Tunisian handball player for Al Ahly and the Tunisian national team.
He represented Tunisia at the 2019 World Men's Handball Championship.
# Kenneth Silverman

Kenneth Eugene Silverman (February 5, 1936 – July 7, 2017) was an American biographer and educator. He won a Pulitzer Prize and a Bancroft Prize for his 1984 biography of Cotton Mather, The Life and Times of Cotton Mather. Silverman, who specialized in Colonial American literature, was a professor of English at New York University until his retirement in 2001.

## Biography

Silverman was born February 5, 1936, in Manhattan. He was educated at Stuyvesant High School and Columbia University, where he received B.A. (1956), M.A. (1958) and Ph.D. (1964) degrees in English.
Silverman was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In addition to the Pulitzer and Bancroft Prizes, he won an Edgar Award of the Mystery Writers of America for his 1991 biography of Edgar Allan Poe and the Christopher Literary Award of the Society of American Magicians for his work on Harry Houdini.
Silverman died of lung cancer in Manhattan on July 7, 2017.

## Books

* As Editor, Colonial American Poetry (Hafner Publishing Company, 1968)
* Timothy Dwight (New York: Twayne, 1969)
* A Cultural History of the American Revolution (Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1976) ISBN 978-0-375-40128-2.
* The Life and Times of Cotton Mather New York: Harper & Row, 1984. (1985 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, 1985 Bancroft Prize in American History) ISBN 978-1-56649-206-5, ISBN 1-56649-206-8.
* Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance (New York: HarperCollins, 1991) ISBN 0-06-016715-7.
* Houdini!!! The Career of Ehrich Weiss, American Self-Liberator, Europe's Eclipsing Sensation, World's Handcuff King and Prison Breaker - Nothing on Earth Can Hold Houdini a Prisoner!!! (1997) ISBN 0-06-092862-X
* Lightning Man: The Accursed Life of Samuel F.B. Morse (Alfred A. Knopf, 2003) ISBN 978-0-375-40128-2.
* Begin Again: A Biography of John Cage (Knopf, 2010), ISBN 978-1-4000-4437-5
# Varied bunting

The varied bunting (Passerina versicolor) is a species of songbird in the cardinal family, Cardinalidae.
The range of the varied bunting stretches from the southern parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in the United States south throughout Mexico as far as Oaxaca. Small disjunct populations occur in the state of Chiapas in Mexico and southeastern Guatemala. This stocky bird has a short tail and rounded bill. It is 11–14 centimetres (4.3–5.5 in) long, has a wingspan of 21 centimetres (8.3 in), and weighs 11–13 grams (0.39–0.46 oz). Breeding males are purple-red with a bright red patch on the nape, which becomes browner in the fall. Females are plain light brown, resembling the female indigo bunting but lacking streaking on the breast. Varied buntings inhabit deserts and xeric shrublands, preferring thorny brush thickets, thorn forests, scrubby woodlands, and overgrown clearings. They forage on the ground for insects, fruit, and seeds. Varied buntings weave open-cup nests of grass and spider webs in the outer branches of thorny shrubs, usually near water. Females lay two to five bluish-white to bluish-green eggs, which they incubate for about fourteen days. The young are fully feathered after 10 days, and are ready to leave the nest several days later.
# Defence Bills Agency

The Defence Bills Agency was an executive agency of the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence (MoD) which paid the bills from MOD contracts, invoices and collects MOD receipts and provides financial management information to budget holders. It was responsible to the Minister for Defence Procurement.
Its chief executive was Norman Swanney. It was merged into the Financial Management Shared Service Centre (FMSSC).
# Padew Narodowa

Padew Narodowa is a village in Mielec County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Padew Narodowa. It lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Mielec and 58 km (36 mi) north-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Subzi Mandi

Subzi Mandi (vegetable market in Hindi) may refer to:
* Subzi Mandi railway station, in Delhi, India
* Subzi Mandi metro station, near the railway station in Delhi, India
* Sabzi Mandi (Karachi), a bazaar
# WISEPC J205628.90+145953.3

WISE 2056+1459 (full designation WISEPC J205628.90+145953.3) is a brown dwarf of spectral class Y0, located in constellation Delphinus, approximately 23.2 light-years from Earth.

## History of observations

WISE 2056+1459 was discovered in 2011 from data, collected by Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Earth-orbiting satellite — NASA infrared-wavelength 40 cm (16 in) space telescope, which mission lasted from December 2009 to February 2011. WISE 2056+1459 has two discovery papers: Kirkpatrick et al. (2011) and Cushing et al. (2011), however, basically with the same authors and published nearly simultaneously.
* Kirkpatrick et al. presented discovery of 98 new found by WISE brown dwarf systems with components of spectral types M, L, T and Y, among which also was WISE 2056+1459.
* Cushing et al. presented discovery of seven brown dwarfs — one of T9.5 type, and six of Y-type — first members of the Y spectral class, ever discovered and spectroscopically confirmed, including "archetypal member" of the Y spectral class WISE 1828+2650, and WISE 2056+1459. These seven objects are also the faintest seven of 98 brown dwarfs, presented in Kirkpatrick et al. (2011).
Currently the most accurate distance estimate of WISE 2056+1459 is a trigonometric parallax, published in 2021 by Kirkpatrick et al.: 140.8±2.0 mas, corresponding to a distance 7.1±0.1 pc, or 23.2±0.3 ly. WISE 2056+1459 has a proper motion of 980.6±1.1 milliarcseconds per year.

## Physical properties

The object's temperature estimate is 464±88 K. The object was observed with Gemini GMOS. The researchers used the archived spectrum from Cushing et al. and the new spectrum in this work. The cloudy model included cloud decks of sulfide and chloride condensates. The model did fit the spectra well except for some parts due to the model not including the atmospheric mixing of ammonia (NH$_3$) and lines of methane (CH$_4$) missing in the model. WISE 2056+1459 was also observed with NIRSpec and the Mid-Infrared Instrument. An excellent fit between spectrum and model was produced with a phosphine-free and diabatic model using an effective temperature of 450 Kevlin and a surface gravity of log g = 4.0. These values correspond to a 300 Myr object with a mass of 5 M$_J$. The researchers also found a medium probability (47%) of this object belonging to the Carina-Near group of stars.
# David Ungnad von Sonnegg

David Ungnad von Sonnegg was the Holy Roman Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1572 to 1578. He was sent by Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and accredited by Sultan Selim II.

## Career

Sonnegg served Frederick II of Denmark during the Northern Seven Years' War from 1563 to 1570. He travelled to Constantinople in 1572 as envoy of Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian II, carrying a tribute to the Sultan. Sonnegg was accompanied by a retinue of 20, including the Flemish courtier and diarist Lambert Wyts, who wrote a book on his experiences in Turkey. He retained the ambassadorship until 1578.
Ungnad was involved in an counterintelligence mission involving "reporting on, and attempting to prevent, an Ottoman spy mission" operated by a recent convert to Islam named Markus Penckner.
In 1593 he became imperial Geheimrat and Hofkriegspräsident.
Sonnegg is buried in Horn, Austria.

## Stephan Gerlach the elder

* In 1573 a truce between the Ottoman and Holy Roman empires ceased, concluded each other at more or less regular intervals, and Vienna sent a young nobleman to the Porte for a new eight-year term with Sultan Selim II negotiate and pay high tribute; then he was to take the permanent ambassador post in Constantinople.
* It was the imperial baron David Ungnad from Carinthia, who had been on official mission on the Bosphorus before and offered himself for such a task especially through his extensive language skills.
* Ungnad came from a family whose members had joined most of the Reformation movement. He lived quite consciously and with some theological knowledge according to Lutheran doctrine, for which he even took restrictions in his political career. Difficulties arose for him when it came to contacts with the Spanish line of the Habsburgs and their territory, in the domain of the emperor many ways were open to him.
* Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, sympathized with the Reformation and was the only emperor of the Reformation age who respected the legal system of religious peace.
* An ambassador needed a pastor for himself and the staff. For Ungnad, and evidently his environment as well, it was natural that he chose a Protestant preacher, even if that had never happened before. He turned to the Protestant areas; especially close was the contact with Austria, from where students - nobles and citizens - came to the University of Württemberg, and whose Protestant estates from there demanded men to fill the "higher places of their newly founded church and school system", since there was no corresponding training center in the country itself.
* On March 13, 1573 Ungnad asked the chancellor Faculty of Tübingen, Jacob Andreae for a Protestant preacher for the mission in Constantinople.
* Stephan Gerlach the elder became preacher of the mission and reported to Martin Crusius.
* On November 13, 1577 Gerlach described in his diary the founding of the Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din, while Tycho Brahe served Frederick II of Denmark with astronomical and planetary observations in Ven (Sweden)
# Antoinette D. Sanford

Antoinette D. Sanford is a Guamanian businesswoman and politician. Sanford is a former Democratic senator in the Guam Legislature.

## Early life

Sanford was born in Guam. Sanford's father was Juan Lujan Pangelinan (1922-2009). Sanford's mother is Dolores Haniu Untalan. Sanford has three brothers and three sisters. In 1968, Sanford graduated from Academy of Our Lady of Guam, an all-girls Catholic high school.

## Education

In 1972, Sanford earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Business Management with minors in Accounting and Psychology from University of Guam. In 2008, Sanford earned an MBA degree in Accounting and Finance from American InterContinental University.

## Career

As a businesswoman, Sanford is the president and co-founder of Sanford Technology Group, LLC (STG) (formerly A-D Sandford & Co), a computer services business.
In September 2013, Sanford became a founding member of Guam Women's Chamber of Commerce.
On November 5, 2002, Sanford won the election and became a Democratic senator in the Guam Legislature. Sanford began her term on January 6, 2003, in the 27th Guam Legislature.
In 2018, Sanford was elected as Chairperson of University of Guam Board of Regents.

## Awards

* 1993 Guam Business News Executive of the Year.
* 2014 Guam Business Magazine Businesswoman of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award. Presented at the ninth annual Businesswoman of the Year Maga’haga award program. Sponsored by First Hawaiian Bank and Guam Business Magazine. April 26, 2014.

## Personal life

Sanford's full name is Antoinette (Tony) Untalan Pangelinan Sanford. Sanford's husband is Dave Sanford. They have three sons.
# Huacaybamba Province

The Huacaybamba Province is one of eleven provinces of the Huánuco Region in Peru. The capital of this province is the city of Huacaybamba.

## Boundaries

* North: Marañón Province
* East: Leoncio Prado Province
* South: Huamalíes Province
* West: Ancash Region

## Geography

One of the highest peaks of the district is Kuntur Marka at approximately 4,400 m (14,400 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Chakra Hirka
* Chawpi Marka
* Ch'aki Pilanku
* Hatun Hirka
* Ichik Runtu Pampa
* Kinwa Qucha
* Mata Mata
* Puchkayuq
* Puka Qaqa
* Rima Rima
* Runtu Pampa
* Ruri Qucha
* Saqra
* Tampu
* Tikira Punta
* Uqhu Pampa
* Uqhu Qucha
* Wank'a
* Wask'a Qucha
* Yura K'uchu
* Yura Qucha
* Yuraq Yaku

## Political division

The province is divided into four districts, which are:
* Canchabamba
* Cochabamba
* Huacaybamba
* Pinra

## Ethnic groups

The people in the province are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (78.86%) learnt to speak in childhood, 20.45% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).
# Ypsigrock

Ypsigrock is a contemporary music festival held annually in August in the city of Castelbuono, Italy. Castelbuono is located in the Sicilian province of Palermo. The festival is organized by the Glenn Gould Association. Since 1997, the festival has taken place in Castelbuono's main square. The festival is now in its twenty-first consecutive year and was awarded as Best Italian Festival at the 2015 On Stage Awards 2015.
# Europium(II) oxide

Europium(II) oxide (EuO) is a chemical compound which is one of the oxides of europium. In addition to europium(II) oxide, there is also europium(III) oxide and the mixed valence europium(II,III) oxide.

## Preparation

Europium(II) oxide can be prepared by the reduction of europium(III) oxide with elemental europium at 800 °C and subsequent vacuum distillation at 1150 °C.
    Eu$_2$O$_3$ + Eu → 3 EuO
It is also possible to synthesize from the reaction of europium oxychloride and lithium hydride.
    2 EuOCl + 2 LiH → 2 EuO + 2 LiCl + H$_2$
In modern research, thin films can be manufactured by molecular beam epitaxy directly from europium atoms and oxygen molecules. These films have contamination of Eu$^{3+}$ of less than 1%.

## Properties

Europium(II) oxide is a violet compound as a bulk crystal and transparent blue in thin film form. It is unstable in humid atmosphere, slowly turning into the yellow europium(II) hydroxide hydrate and then to white europium(III) hydroxide. EuO crystallizes in a cubic sodium chloride structure with a lattice parameter a = 0.5144nm. The compound is often non-stoichiometric, containing up to 4% Eu$^{3+}$ and small amounts of elemental europium. However, since 2008 high purity crystalline EuO films can be created in ultra high vacuum conditions. These films have a crystallite size of about 4 nm.
Europium(II) oxide is ferromagnetic with a Curie Temperature of 69.3 K. With the addition of about 5-7% elemental europium, this increases to 79 K. It also displays colossal magnetoresistance, with a dramatic increase in conductivity below the Curie temperature. One more way to increase the Curie temperature is doping with gadolinium, holmium, or lanthanum.
Europium(II) oxide is a semiconductor with a band gap of 1.12 eV.

## Applications

Because of the properties of europium(II) oxide, thin layers of the oxide deposited on silicon are being studied for use as spin filters. Spin filter materials only allow electrons of a certain spin to pass, blocking electrons of the opposite spin.
# Manousos

Manousos (Greek: Μανούσος) is both a Greek surname and a given name. It is a direct loanword from the Venetian Manuzio (latin Manutius). Common in Venetian Crete, it was eventually connected with Manos and Manolis.
Notable people with the name include:
* Savvas Manousos (born 1985), Greek basketball player
* Yiorghos Manousos (born 1987), Greek footballer
* Manousos Manousakis, Greek film director, producer, screenwriter and actor
# Jujubinus burdigalicus

Jujubinus burdigalicus is a species of extinct sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, which are the top snails.
# SPINFED

SPINFED is a state undertaking in Rajasthan. It a federation of cooperative spinning mills of Rajasthan. It came into existence on 1 April 1993.

## Function

It is founded to plan and implement cotton programmes in co-operative sector of Rajasthan. It also aims at insuring quality cotton yarn.

## Mills under Spinfed

Under Spinfed total 4 mills are working, as follows:-
* 1 Rajasthan co-operative Spinning mills ltd. Gulabpura, District Bhilwara.
* 2 Gangapur co-operative Spinning mills ltd. Gangapur, District Bhilwara.311801
* 3 Gulabpura Ginning and Pressing Sahkari Samiti ltd. Gulabpura, District Bhilwara
* 4 Ganganagar Sahkari Spinning Samiti ltd. Hanumangarh, District Hunumangarh
# Ansley Township, Custer County, Nebraska

Ansley Township is one of thirty-one townships in Custer County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 607 at the 2020 census. A 2021 estimate placed the township's population at 606.
The Village of Ansley lies within the Township.
# Padre Abad Province

Padre Abad is the smallest of four provinces in the Ucayali Region, in the central Amazon rainforest of Peru.

## Languages

According to the 2007 census, 89.4% of the population spoke Spanish as their first language, while 6.3% spoke Quechua, 0.1% spoke Asháninka, 0.1% spoke Aymara, 3.9% spoke other indigenous languages and 0.0% spoke foreign languages.

## Political division

The province is divided into three districts (Spanish: distritos, singular: distrito), each of which is headed by a mayor (alcalde). The districts, with their capitals in parentheses, are:
* Curimaná (Curimaná)
* Irazola (San Alejandro)
* Padre Abad (Aguaytía)
* This Ucayali Region geography article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e