# Misiones, Paraguay

Misiones (Spanish pronunciation:) is a department located in the southern region of Paraguay. Its capital is San Juan Bautista. The eighth of Paraguay's 17 departments, it was created in 1906, then known as the San Ignacio Department, and was not given its present name until 1945. Its current name reflects its status as home to several Jesuit Reductions, or missions.
Misiones borders the departments of Paraguarí and Caazapá to the north, Itapúa to the east, Ñeembucú to the west, and the Corrientes Province of Argentina to the south.

## History

The modern settling of Misiones began with the arrival of Jesuit missionaries to the region in the 17th century and the subsequent establishment of several reductions whose purpose was to both civilize and catechize the indigenous Guaraní peoples. While several of these reductions would ultimately be in Argentinian and Brazilian territory, 8 of the reductions would remain in Paraguay, concentrated in what would become the Misiones and Itapúa departments. Some of these reductions, namely San Ignacio Guazú, Santa Maria de Fe and Santiago would become the foundation for subsequent towns in Misiones.
The town of Yabebyry was established in 1790, and later, during the presidency of Carlos Antonio López, the towns of San Miguel and San Juan Bautista were founded. When the Misiones department was created in 1906 as the San Ignacio department, these towns were made several of the department's first 8 districts, along with Santa Rosa, Ayolas and Villa Florida. When the department was renamed in 1945, its capital was moved from San Ignacio to San Juan Bautista.

## Geography

Misiones department is relatively flat and crossed by a number of rivers and streams. The northern and southern borders of the department are formed by, respectively, the Tebicuary and the Paraná rivers, the latter of which is an important waterway in the region. A number of other streams cross the department, including the Yabebyry, Atingui, San Roque, Sauce, Uruguay, Ca'a Po'i, Tororo, San Tadeo, San Antonio and Itay.

## Districts

The department is divided into ten districts:
| District | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2021) | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| Ayolas | 1,060 | 19,265 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| San Ignacio | 2,020 | 35,497 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| San Juan Bautista | 2,300 | 24,484 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| San Miguel | 540 | 6,075 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| San Patricio | 190 | 3,758 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| Santa María | 520 | 9,146 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| Santa Rosa | 1,010 | 18,558 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| Santiago | 740 | 6,532 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| Villa Florida | 196 | 3,787 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |
| Yabebyry | 984 | 2,683 | San Ignacio San Miguel San Juan Bautista Santa María Santa Rosa San Patricio Villa Florida Santiago Yabebyry Ayolas Ñeembucú Department Paraguarí Department Itapúa Department Caazapá Department Argentina |

## Economy

The main economic activities are livestock raising and agriculture. Cattle are the most common livestock, and pigs, sheep, horses, and goats are common as well. Agriculture is widely practiced, with fields mainly in the north and center of the department. The main crops are rice, soya, corn, sweet oranges, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, potatoes, and cotton.

## Transportation
### Roads

Misiones is connected to Asunción and Encarnación via national route PY01 which passes through 6 of the 10 districts: Villa Florida, San Miguel, San Juan Bautista, San Ignacio, Santa Rosa and San Patricio, it even passes through the district of Santiago, but not by its urban area. The national routes PY04 and PY20 connects Misiones with neighbor Ñeembucú department. All ten districts urban areas are accessible by paved road.

### Airports

Small airports are located in San Juan Bautista and Ayolas (Juan de Ayolas Airport) to the south.

### Water transport

The southern part of the department is accessible to the Paraná River, which is navigable by large cargo ships downstream of the Yacyretá Dam near Ayolas.

## Education

There are numerous institutions which provide Pre-school Education, Elementary and Highschool . with Technical and Scientific emphasis.

## Tourism

Its main attractions are the beaches formed by the rivers Paraná and Tebicuary. Villa Florida is a city which offers landscapes to its visitors. This department is known by the work of evangelizing by the Jesuits priests who founded the place with many reductions. A few towns still have the remains of that era such as the colonial churches.
Part of the historical remains is exposed in Museums with many samples of wooden carvings made by the Indians at the reductions period.