OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Man Who Loved Dogs

The Man who Loved Dogs is a novel by Leonardo Padura and involves the complex political narratives that surround the assassination of Leon Trotsky by Ramon Mercader. The novel was a finalist for the Book of the Year Award in Spain. It was originally published in 2009 by Tusquets Editors, Spain. It has been translated into English by Anna Kushner. The English translation was published in the U.S. in 2014 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Padura’s novel traces the saga of Trotsky’s 11-year flight from Stalin; the recruitment and creation of an assassin in the form of Catalan communist Ramón Mercader; and the marginalization of Iván Cárdenas Maturell, a Cuban novelist who learns early in his career the hazards of writing in his homeland.
Stalin wanted a savage, “spectacular” killing, not just a simple poisoning like the one he ordered for Trotsky’s son. Trotsky had miraculously survived the attack in 1940 led by the mad muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros, but, on August 20, 1940, Mercader plunged an ice ax into the back of Trotsky’s head. In Cuba Trotsky is officially vilified to this day for betraying the revolution.

## Genesis of the novel

Leonardo Padura, speaking in 2017; “I first visited Mexico as a journalist in the 1980s. I knew nothing at all about Trotsky but I visited the museum and saw the room where he was assassinated. It made a profound impression on me. I asked myself how was it possible for someone who played such a role in the Revolution and Civil War simply to cease to exist.
"I went to the library in Havana and found two books about Trotsky. One was called Trotsky the Renegade and the other was Trotsky the Traitor. These were the only official sources available in Cuba at that time. But then something extraordinary occurred. The Berlin Wall fell and after that a mass of material that had been hidden in the archives suddenly became available."
Leonardo then started to study the life of Trotsky and gradually the idea took shape in his mind of writing a novel. He went to Russia to investigate the archives, but was astonished to find that there was nothing at all about the assassination of Trotsky. It seems that Stalin followed the plans to assassinate his enemy in great detail and was given daily reports by his agents, but once he had read them, he burned them.

## Reception

'The Cuban writer Leonardo Padura has made his entrance to the Latin American Modernist canon by writing a Russian novel. The three alternating stories resonate with one another, acquiring deeper meaning as they paint the complete fresco of a political paradigm’s downfall.' Alvaro Enrigue, The New York Times.
'Padura has written a historical novel of Tolstoyan sweep. [It] is an exhaustively reported work, chockablock with history - from the Russian Revolution, the rise of Fascism and Stalin's show trials to the steely suffocation of post-Castro Cuba.' Ann Louise Bardach, The Washington Post.
# Cav2.1

Ca$_v$2.1, also called the P/Q voltage-dependent calcium channel, is a calcium channel found mainly in the brain. Specifically, it is found on the presynaptic terminals of neurons in the brain and cerebellum. Ca$_v$2.1 plays an important role in controlling the release of neurotransmitters between neurons. It is composed of multiple subunits, including alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The alpha-1 subunit is the pore-forming subunit, meaning that the calcium ions flow through it. Different kinds of calcium channels have different isoforms (versions) of the alpha-1 subunit. Ca$_v$2.1 has the alpha-1A subunit, which is encoded by the CACNA1A gene. Mutations in CACNA1A have been associated with various neurologic disorders, including familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia type 2, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6.

## Function

"Voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Calcium channels are multisubunit complexes composed of alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The channel activity is directed by the pore-forming alpha-1 subunit, whereas, the others act as auxiliary subunits regulating this activity. The distinctive properties of the calcium channel types are related primarily to the expression of a variety of alpha-1 isoforms, alpha-1A, B, C, D, E, and S. This gene encodes the alpha-1A subunit, which is predominantly expressed in neuronal tissue."

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the CACNA1A gene are associated with multiple neurologic disorders, many of which are episodic, such as familial hemiplegic migraine, movement disorders such as episodic ataxia, and epilepsy with multiple seizure types.
"This gene also exhibits polymorphic variation due to (CAG)n-repeats. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In one set of transcript variants, the (CAG)n-repeats occur in the 3' UTR, and are not associated with any disease. However, in another set of variants, an insertion extends the coding region to include the (CAG)n-repeats which encode a polyglutamine tract. Expansion of the (CAG)n-repeats from the normal 4-16 to 21-28 in the coding region is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 6."

## Interactions

Cav2.1 has been shown to interact with CACNB4.
# Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes

Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes (13 October 1872 – 6 May 1950) was the President of Nicaragua from 15 August 1947 to his death on 6 May 1950. His Vice President was Mariano Argüello Vargas, a former Foreign Minister and President of the Senate of National Congress of Nicaragua.
Román was the president of the upper chamber of National Congress of Nicaragua 1929–1930.
Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes also called T.V. (Tio Victor) was designated by General Assembly, coup d'etat. He practiced former Nicaraguan president Zelaya's military philosophy. Zelaya's philosophy was based on former German Emperor military views. T.V. was a member of Somoza's Liberal Nationalist Party and after his death, his niece's husband Anastasio Somoza Garcia was then appointed to move forward with T.V.'s military.
President Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes died in Philadelphia. In his death bed, surrounded by his grandson, family and few fellow politicians including the secretary of the presidency (chief of staff) Alejandro del Carmen. Roman y Reyes signed the Liberal and Conservative Coalition Agreement of Nicaragua. It was he, who helped the minority enter Congress.
# Jhangra, Malda

Jhangra is a census town in the Old Malda CD block in the Malda Sadar subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Jhangra is located at 25°02′22″N 88°09′39″E﻿ / ﻿25.03936°N 88.16076°E﻿ / 25.03936; 88.16076.

### Area overview

The area shown in the adjacent map covers two physiographic regions – the Barind in the east and the tal in the west. The eastern part is comparatively high (up to 40 metres above mean sea level at places) and uneven. The soils of the eastern region are "hard salty clays of a reddish hue and the ground is baked hard as iron." It lies to the east of the Mahananda River. The area lying to the west of the Mahananda River, the tal, is a flat low land and "is strewn with innumerable marshes, bils and oxbow lakes." The tal area is prone to flooding by local rivers. The total area is overwhelmingly rural. There are two important historical/ archaeological sites in the area – Pandua and Jagjivanpur.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Jhangra had a total population of 5,020, of which 2,544 (51%) were males and 2,478 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 741. The total number of literate persons in Jhangra was 2,843 (66.41% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook, Maldah, 2011, Jhangra covered an area of 4.3573 km$^2$. The protected water-supply involved overhead tank, tap water from treated sources, hand pump. It had 800 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 dispensary/ health centre, 1 veterinary hospital, 1 charitable hospital/ nursing home. Among the educational facilities, it had 4 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school in town. The nearest senior secondary school, general degree college at Mangalbari, Malda 3 km away. It produced flour, aluminium, tiles. It had branch offices of 1 agricultural credit society, 1 non-agricultural credit society.
# Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick

Princess Dorothea of Denmark (29 June 1546 – 6 January 1617) was the Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1561 until 1592 as the consort of Duke William the Younger. She was regent for her son George from 1592 to 1596.

## Biography

Born in Kolding, Dorothea was the youngest child of Christian III of Denmark-Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. She married William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg on 12 October 1561.
When her husband died in 1592, she became regent for her under age son George. She had a deep mistrust of the councillors because of their ill management of her husband's estates during his insanity. Dorothea was known as a capable and energetic regent.
She died in Winsen, Germany at the age of 70.

## Children who reached adulthood

* Sophia (30 October 1563 – 1639), married George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
* Ernst (31 December 1564 – 2 March 1611)
* Elisabeth (19 October 1565 – 17 July 1621), married Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
* Christian (19 November 1566 – 8 November 1633)
* Augustus (18 November 1568 – 1 October 1636)
* Dorothea (1 January 1570 – 15 August 1649), married Charles, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld
* Clara (16 January 1571 – 18 July 1658), married William, Count of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg
* Anne (22 March 1572 – 5 February 1601)
* Margaret (6 April 1573 – 7 August 1643), married Johann Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg
* Friedrich (28 August 1574 – 10 December 1648)
* Marie (21 October 1575 – 8 August 1610)
* Magnus (30 August 1577 – 10 February 1632)
* Georg (17 February 1582 – 12 April 1641)
* Johann (23 June 1583 – 27 November 1628)
* Sybille (3 June 1584 – 5 August 1652), married Julius Ernest, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick :
# Charles McKimson

Charles Edson McKimson Jr. (December 20, 1914 – April 16, 1999) was an American animator, best known for his work at Warner Bros. studio. He was the younger brother of animators Robert and Thomas McKimson. His father was a newspaperman who later become the editor of the Scandia Journal in Scandia, Kansas.
McKimson was born in Denver, Colorado, to Mildred (Porter) and Charles Edson McKimson The family located to Los Angeles with his family in the 1920s. He began his career in animation in 1937, when he joined Leon Schlesinger Productions as a member of Tex Avery's unit. McKimson left the studio during World War II to serve in the US Army Signal Corps, returning in 1946. Upon his return he was assigned to his brother Robert's unit, where he worked as a lead animator. Charles received co-story credit on one short, 1955's All Fowled Up (the other writer being Sid Marcus), starring Foghorn Leghorn — a character utilized exclusively by Robert. While at Warner Bros. McKimson drew the syndicated Roy Rogers comic strip from 1949 to 1953, in collaboration with his other brother Thomas and artist Pete Alvarado. The strip was published under the pseudonym "Al McKimson".
McKimson left Warner Bros. Animation in 1954, after Jack L. Warner briefly shut down the animation division. He subsequently joined Dell Publishing, where he served as Art Director for their comic and coloring books division. In 1961 McKimson worked as animation director on the short-lived animated television series Calvin and the Colonel.
McKimson died in 1999 at the age of 84.
# Rajnikant Trivedi

Rajnikant Trivedi (born 4 January 1940) is an Indian first-class cricketer who represented Rajasthan. He made his first-class debut for Rajasthan in the 1963-64 Ranji Trophy on 9 November 1963.
# Frederick W. Kavanaugh

Frederick William Kavanaugh (September 10, 1871 in Waterford, Saratoga County, New York – December 2, 1940 in Waterford, Saratoga Co., NY) was an American businessman and politician from New York.

## Life

He was the son of Luke Kavanaugh (born 1830 in Dublin) and Mary Monaghan. On December 9, 1891, he married Lillian May LeRoy (1871–1921), and they had two children.
He was Supervisor of the Town of Waterford in 1903; and Sheriff of Saratoga County, New York from 1904 to 1906.
Kavanaugh was a member of the New York State Senate (32nd D.) from 1921 to 1924, sitting in the 144th, 145th, 146th and 147th New York State Legislatures.
He killed himself on December 2, 1940, at his home in Waterford, New York, by shooting himself.
Assemblyman George W. Kavanaugh (born c. 1863) was his brother.
# Apslawn, Tasmania

Apslawn is a rural locality in the local government area (LGA) of Glamorgan–Spring Bay in the South-east LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 74 kilometres (46 mi) north of the town of Triabunna. The 2021 census recorded a population of 15 for the state suburb of Apslawn.

## History

Apslawn is a confirmed locality. The name comes from a property established here by John Lyne about 1833.
Sir William Lyne, an Australian politician, came from this family.

## Geography

The southern boundary follows the centreline of Moulting Lagoon, an inlet of Great Oyster Bay.

## Road infrastructure

Route A3 (Tasman Highway) runs through from west to east.
# Shyampur, Magrahat

Shyampur is a census town within the jurisdiction of the Magrahat police station in the Magrahat II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

Diamond Harbour subdivision is a rural subdivision with patches of urbanization. Only 14.61% of the population lives in the urban areas and an overwhelming 85.39% lives in the rural areas. In the eastern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 24 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters. Location of places in the larger map varies a little. It is an OpenStreetMap, while we are using coordinates as in Google Maps.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Shyampur is located at 22°16′53″N 88°23′18″E﻿ / ﻿22.2815°N 88.3882°E﻿ / 22.2815; 88.3882
Uttar Kalas, Dihi Kalas, Swangrampur and after a small gap Magrahat and Bilandapur form a cluster of census towns in the south-east corner of the Magrahat II CD block, as per the map of the Magrahat II CD block in the District Census Handbook for South 24 Parganas. Dhamua, Shyampur and Nainan form another cluster of census towns closeby in the Magrahat II CD block.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Shyampur had a total population of 22,024 of which 11,415 (52%) were males and 10,609 (48%) were females. There were 2,850 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Shyampur was 15,230 (79.43% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Shyampur covered an area of 7.4513 km$^2$. Among the civic amenities, it had 66 km roads, the protected water supply involved overhead tank. It had 1,297 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 maternity and child welfare centre and 1 medicine shop. Among the educational facilities it had were 14 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 2 secondary schools, 1 senior secondary school, the nearest general degree college at Magrahat 12 km away. Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 1 public library, 1 reading room. Important commodities it produced were: silver ornaments, biri.

## Transport

Shyampur is on the Dhamua-Magrahat Road.
Dhamua railway station is located nearby.

## Healthcare

Magrahat Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at Magrahat, is the major government medical facility in the Magrahat II CD block.
# Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long

Variations sur le nom de Marguerite Long (Variations on the name Marguerite Long) is a collaborative orchestral suite written by eight French composers in 1956, in honour of the pianist Marguerite Long.
It was first performed on 4 June 1956 by the Orchestre National de France under Charles Munch in a National Jubilee Concert organized by the French government in Long's honour, staged at the Grand Amphitheatre of the Sorbonne. "All of Paris" gathered at the venue where Long herself played Fauré's Ballade.
Three of the composers were members of Les Six: Georges Auric, Darius Milhaud and Francis Poulenc. The other five were Henri Dutilleux, Jean Françaix, Daniel Lesur, Jean Rivier and Henri Sauguet.
In truth, only one of the movements was in the form of variations. Sauguet's Variations en forme de Berceuse pour Marguerite Long was based on the letters EAGG, which come from her name, although not in the order in which they occur there.
Poulenc's Bucolique has become well known and has been recorded several times. The remainder of the suite is little known.

## Structure

The suite is structured as follows:
* Jean Françaix: Hymne solennel
* Henri Sauguet: Variations en forme de Berceuse pour Marguerite Long
* Darius Milhaud: La Couronne de Marguerites ("The Crown of Daisies"), Valse en forme de rondo, Op. 353
* Jean Rivier: Nocturne
* Henri Dutilleux: Sérénades
* Daniel Lesur: Intermezzo
* Francis Poulenc: Bucolique, FP 160
* Georges Auric: ML (Allegro: Finale)
# Adolphus Goldsmith

Adolphus Goldsmith, also known as Adolphe Goldschmidt, (6 May 1798 – 1876) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), a member of the first Victorian Legislative Council.
Goldsmith was born in London, England, the son of Lion Abraham Goldschmidt and Adelaide (Adelheid) Hertz. Goldsmith arrived in Melbourne on 30 June 1841 aboard the Caroline. Goldsmith acquired the pastoral lease for Trawallo (known later as Trewalla - see Trawalla, Victoria) later in 1841. He was appointed a territorial magistrate on 26 March 1844. Goldmith was a member of the Melbourne Club and a friend of Sir Redmond Barry.
Goldsmith was elected to the district of Ripon, Hampden, Grenville and Polwarth in the inaugural Victorian Legislative Council on 6 September 1851. He resigned from the Council in November 1853 and retired to Paris, France, where he died in 1876.
# Melvin Jones (American football)

Melvin Earl Jones (born September 27, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL).
He played college football for the Houston Cougars and was selected in the seventh round of the 1980 NFL draft. After getting phlebitis at the 1980 training camp, he was the injured reserve list for that season. He played during the 1981 season, but was cut from the 1982 team.
# The Right of the Strongest (film)

The Right of the Strongest is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Edgar Lewis and starring E.K. Lincoln, Helen Ferguson, and George Siegmann. It was adapted from a 1913 novel of the same name by Frances Nimmo Greene.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, John Marshall, young engineer, goes to Bullis Valley in the Alabama hills to secure lands for a big power project. The hill folks hink he is a revenue spy and plans are laid against his life. He is in love with a school teacher, Mary Dale. Her father was previously slain by the hill squatters when they suspected him of plying the trade of government informant. She struggles through a storm to reach his cabin to warn him. A lynching party, headed by Trav Williams arrives. Williams and Marshall agree to fight it out and battle furiously. Marshall's men from the construction camp rush to their chief's rescue. He weds Mary.

## Cast

* E.K. Lincoln as John Marshall
* Helen Ferguson as Mary Elizabeth Dale
* Robert Milasch as Bud Davis
* F.B. Phillips as 'Uncle Beck' Logan
* Tully Marshall as 'Mister' Sykes
* James Gibson as 'Shan' Thaggin
* Coy Watson as Tony Thaggin
* Gertrude Norman as Aunt Millie Davis
* Milla Davenport as Melissa Thaggin
* June Elvidge as Anna Bell Lee
* Winter Hall as Austin Lee Sr.
* Niles Welch as Austin Jr.
* Beth Kosick as Sue Thaggin
* Tom London as Fred Dearing

## Preservation

With no prints of The Right of the Strongest located in any film archives, it is a lost film.
# GJC1

Gap junction gamma-1 protein (GJC1), also known as gap junction alpha-7 protein (GJA7) and connexin 45 (Cx45) — is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJC1 gene.

## Function

This gene is a member of the connexin gene family. The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a route for the diffusion of low molecular weight materials from cell to cell. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same isoform have been described.
# Dong Zhaozhi

Dong Zhaozhi (Chinese: 董兆致; pinyin: Dǒng Zhàozhì; Cantonese Yale: Dung2 Siu6 Ji3; born 16 November 1973 in Guangzhou, Guangdong) is a left handed male Chinese foil fencer. He competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics, the 2000 Summer Olympics, and the 2004 Summer Olympics.
In 1996, he was eliminated in the first round of the Olympic foil tournament and finished ninth with the Chinese foil team in the team event.
Four years later, he won the silver medal as part of the Chinese foil team. In the 2000 Olympic foil tournament he was eliminated in the first round again.
In 2004, he won the silver medal again as a member of the Chinese foil team. In the individual Olympic foil tournament he was eliminated in the first round again. Since then, he lives in Guangzhou with his daughter and wife, and has not competed again.