OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos (revolutionary)

Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos (Greek: Παναγιώτης Αναγνωστόπουλος; c. 1790–1854) was a Greek revolutionary leader during the Greek War of Independence and a member of Filiki Eteria, the secret organization whose purpose was to overthrow the Ottoman rule of Greece and establish an independent Greek state.

## Biography

Panagiotis was born in Andritsaina around 1790 and was part of a poor family. In 1808, emigrated with his family to Smyrna (İzmir, Turkey) while he attended a school in Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey). He then relocated to Odesa where he worked at the drapery shop of Athanassios Sekeris, a wealthy Greek of Constantinople. There he met Nikolaos Skoufas with whom he was initiated into Filiki Eteria.
As a member of Filiki Eteria he initiated members that would be proved valuable for it in the future. He undertook important activities in Odessa, in Vlachia, and in Italy, where he came in contact with Pisa's circle. From very early, Anagnostopoulos, clashed with Xanthos, an antagonism that would continue and in the next years, as well as with Papaflessas. His role in taking the decision for the murder of Nikolaos Galatis was important, while he had initiated Anagnostaras, Demetropoulos and Sekeris. With the start of the Greek War of Independence, Anagnostopoulos, though he was friendly to the wing of Maurokordate, penetrated in the alliance of Alexander Ypsilantis, whom he had escorted on his arrival in Peloponnese.
He fought side to side with Theodoros Kolokotronis and Anagnostaras. The negotiations about the fall of Tripolitsa, in which Anagnostopoulos participated, projected him as a great political figure. In the third National Assembly, he refused to sign the bill for British protection. In 1828 Anagnostopoulos was assigned by Kapodistrias temporary commissioner-governor (prefect of Ilieia), while later he took other political positions such as that of Euboia's administrator and governor of Achaia and Ilidos.

### Dispute with Xanthos

In 1834, the historian Ioannis Philimon issued the "Historical Essay of Filiki Eteria," in which he mentioned as the first triad of the society Skoufas-Tsakalov-Anagnostopoulos. Emmanuel Xanthos, who lived abroad at the time issued "Xantho's apology" in order to answer Philimon's claim, and by extension that of Anagnostopoulos. With an article in newspaper Aeon, Philimon, in his effort to reinstate Xanthos, admitted that he was unfair to him. Anagnostopoulos, in an unpublished article, with the title "General Observations" criticized Xanthos for not being in the founding members of Filiki Eteria and accuses him of financial malpractices. The truth about who was initiated first in the Filiki Eteria is of this day unknown since the opinions of historians are divided, while the archived documents are few and sometimes unreliable to answer with certainty.

### Death

Anagnostopoulos died in 1854 in Athens from cholera, brought to Greece by the English-French army occupying Piraeus during the Crimean War. In 1884, he was honoured with a central road in Kolonaki.
# Dietmar Schulte

Dietmar Schulte (born 17 September 1965) is a retired West German sprinter.
In the 60 metres he reached the semi-final at the 1990 European Indoor Championships and the 1991 World Indoor Championships. He became (West) German indoor champion in the 60 metres in 1990 and 1991. He then represented the club TV Wattenscheid.
His personal best times were 6.65 seconds in the 60 metres, achieved in February 1990 in Sindelfingen; and 10.43 seconds in the 60 metres, achieved in July 1991 in Garbsen.
# Dang Airport

Dang Airport (IATA: DNP, ICAO: VNDG), also known as Tarigaun Airport, is a domestic airport located in Tulsipur serving Dang District, a district in Lumbini Province in Nepal.

## Facilities

The airport is at an elevation of 2,100 feet (640 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway which is 832 metres (2,730 ft) in length.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations | Refs. |
| Nepal Airlines | Kathmandu | |

## Access

The airport is located at Rapti Highway. It is able to serve the whole district, as it lies 23 km (14 mi) west of Ghorahi.
# Bridge Constructor

Bridge Constructor is a series of physics-based simulation-puzzle video games developed by ClockStone and published by Headup Games. While themes and elements change across the series, each game is based on planning out a bridge across a river or ravine using a number of parts, limited by the geometry of the space and the total cost of the parts. The goal for each scenario is to make sure that one or more vehicles driving across the bridge can reach the other side safely.

## History

The first Bridge Constructor game, eponymous to the series, was released for Microsoft Windows on 1 December 2011. While it was generally successful in Europe and topped the app charts there, it was not popular in North America until after a Reddit post by a player of the game within the "GamePhysics" subforum in March 2014. The post showed a GIF-image of a truck barely crossing a bridge as it was collapsing underneath it. This created a large interest in the title, resulting it being the top paid iOS within 10 days of the image's posting. Headup Games took initiative to offer sales on the game and cross-promote the other titles in the series. With the boost in North America, the game saw over 27 million free and paid downloads, and a "good seven-digit figure" in paid sales by March 2014, according to Gregor Ebert of Headup Games.

## Games
### Bridge Constructor Portal (2017)

Bridge Constructor Portal was announced in December 2017, for release on mobile and personal computers later that same month, and for consoles in 2018. Developed under license from Valve, the game sets challenges in the Aperture Laboratory facilities from the Portal series, under the watchful eye of the artificial intelligence GLaDOS. The game uses the same core gameplay of earlier titles, but with elements from the Portal series, such as the portals, turrets, and other features.

### Bridge Constructor: The Walking Dead (2020)

Bridge Constructor: The Walking Dead was announced in August 2020 at Gamescom and released on 19 November 2020.
# Cutoff (steam engine)

In a steam engine, cutoff is the point in the piston stroke at which the inlet valve is closed. On a steam locomotive, the cutoff is controlled by the reversing gear.
The point at which the inlet valve closes and stops the entry of steam into the cylinder from the boiler plays a crucial role in the control of a steam engine. Once the valve has closed, steam trapped in the cylinder expands adiabatically. The steam pressure drops as it expands. A late cutoff delivers full steam pressure to move the piston through its entire stroke, for maximum start-up forces. But, since there will still be unexploited pressure in the cylinder at the end of the stroke, this is achieved at the expense of engine efficiency. In this situation the steam will still have considerable pressure remaining when it is exhausted resulting in the characteristic “chuff chuff” sound of a steam engine. An early cutoff has greater thermodynamic efficiency but results in a lower mean effective pressure so less average force on the piston and is used for running the engine at higher speeds.

## Explanation

Cutoff is one of the four valve events. Early cutoff is used to increase the efficiency of the engine by allowing the steam to expand for the rest of the power stroke, yielding more of its energy and conserving steam. This is known as expansive working. Late cutoff is used to provide maximum torque to the shaft at the expense of efficiency and is used to start the engine under load.
Cutoff is conventionally expressed as percentage of the power stroke of the piston; if the piston is at a quarter of its stroke at the cutoff point, the cutoff is stated as 25%.
Smaller stationary steam engines generally have a fixed cutoff point while, in large ones, the speed and power output is generally governed by altering the cutoff, frequently under governor control using an expansion valve or trip gear. In steam engines for transport, it is desirable to be able to alter the cutoff over a wide range. In steam locomotives, for starting and at low speed and heavy load, the cylinders need moderate steam supply (by throttling the steam supply pressure) throughout most of the piston stroke. The lower pressure is used to avoid "wheel spin" that frequently occurs when starting a train onto motion. After establishing train moderate speed, the cutoff is reduced, and higher boiler pressure is admitted into the cylinders, which results in much better engine efficiency. In a two-cylinder locomotive, for example, the maximum or 'full gear' cutoff is typically about 85%. At high speeds, the cutoff may be significantly reduced. Steam engines used in boats and ships typically also use variable cutoff valve gear, while some operate with a fixed cutoff, with speed being controlled through the regulator.
Providing variable cutoff is an important function of the valve gear.
# Oddesund North railway station

Oddesund North station is a railway station serving the small settlement of Oddesund on the Thyholm Peninsula in Thy, Denmark.
The station is located on the Thy Line from Struer to Thisted. The station was opened in 1882 with the opening of the Thy Line. It offers direct regional train services to Struer and Thisted. The train services are operated by GoCollective.
The station is among the smallest in Denmark with only 339 passengers in 2022, which equates to a daily average of under 1.
# Emilia Korhonen

Emilia Korhonen (born 13 September 1995 in Espoo) is a Finnish professional squash player. As of August 2022, she was ranked number 109 in the world. She represents Finland in international competitions. She was the Finnish national champion in 2018.
# Jørn Johnson

Jørn Johnson is a Norwegian Olympic boxer. He represented his country in the light-middleweight division at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He won his first bout against Sean Black, but lost his second against Mohamed Marmouri.
# Anders Moen

Anders Moen (1 October 1887 – 5 July 1966) was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics. As a member of the Norwegian team, he won the silver medal in the gymnastics team event in 1908.
# Babylon by Bus (disambiguation)

Babylon by Bus is a 1978 live album by Bob Marley and the Wailers
Babylon by Bus may also refer to:
* Babylon by Bus (book), 2006 book by Ray Lemoine and Jeff Neumann
* "Babylon by Bus", a 2023 song by Billy Woods and Kenny Segal, featuring ShrapKnel, from Maps
# Trygve Smith (tennis)

Trygve Smith (20 September 1880 – 10 November 1948) was a Norwegian tennis player. He competed in two events at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
# Thoralf Strømstad

Thoralf Strømstad (13 January 1897 – 10 January 1984) was a Norwegian Nordic skier who was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1923. Strømstad also earned silvers at the 1924 Winter Olympics both in 50 km cross-country skiing and in the Nordic combined.
He represented the club Fossum IF.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

* 1 medal – (1 silver)
| Year | Age | 18 km | 50 km |
| 1924 | 27 | — | SIlver |
# Gabriel Thorstensen

Gabriel Thorstensen (1 September 1888 – 14 June 1974) was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.
He was part of the Norwegian team, which won the gold medal in the gymnastics men's team, free system event.
# M. Crawford Young

Merwin Crawford Young (November 7, 1931 – January 22, 2020) was an American political scientist and professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

## Education

He received his B.A. from the University of Michigan and his PhD from Harvard in 1964, where his advisor was the famed scholar Rupert Emerson, the only person ever to serve as president of both the African Studies Association and the Asian Studies Association.

## Academic career

Young became an assistant professor at Wisconsin in 1963, and published his first major work, Politics in the Congo: Decolonization and Independence. He became prominent as the author in 1976 of the highly influential The Politics of Cultural Pluralism, which was awarded the Herskovits Prize by the African Studies Association. His 1994 book, The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective, won the Lubbert Prize from the American Political Science Association as the best book written that year in the field of Comparative Politics.
He held chairmanship of the UW–Madison political science department twice (1969–72; 1984–87), and was between 1973-75 Dean of the Faculty of Social Science at the Université Nationale du Zaire. Young served as president of the African Studies Association in 1983. He retired in 2001 as a full professor but remained active in his field, publishing "The End of the Postcolonial State in Africa?" in the journal African Affairs in 2004.
Young's primary contributions to political science have come from his work on the Zairian (and later, African) state and on the politics of cultural identity in the third world, which was theoretically innovative and presaged the contemporary "instrumentalist" and "constructivist" approaches to political identity.

## Select publications

* Politics in the Congo: Decolonization and Independence, 1965
* Issues of Political Development (with Charles Anderson and Fred von der Mehden), 1967
* The Politics of Cultural Pluralism, 1976, University of Wisconsin Press
* Cooperatives and Development: Agricultural Politics in Ghana and Uganda (with Neal Sherman and Tim Rose), 1981
* Ideology and Development in Africa, 1982, Yale University Press
* The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State (with Thomas Turner), 1985, University of Wisconsin Press
* The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?, 1993, University of Wisconsin Press
* The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective, 1994, Yale University Press
* The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960–2010, 2012, University of Wisconsin Press
# Henry F. Mason

Henry Freeman Mason (February 17, 1860 – May 4, 1927) was a Republican politician and justice of the Kansas Supreme Court from January 12, 1903 to May 4, 1927.

## Biography

Mason was born Henry Freeman Mason on February 17, 1860 to Lemuel and Lucy Mason in Racine, Wisconsin, United States. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1881. While at Wisconsin he was a member of the Wisconsin Alpha chapter of Phi Delta Theta fraternity.
On November 26, 1891 he married Elizabeth Wilkinson, who died in 1909. He later married Lucy S. Greene on July 16, 1910. Mason died in Topeka on May 4, 1927 as a result of a tonsil infection that developed into mastoid and kidney complications.
Shortly after his death the library of the recently constructed Phi Delta Theta house at Washburn University was dedicated in his honor. In 1928, he was posthumously inducted into Washburn's prestigious Sagamore Honor Society.

## Career

After graduating from the University of Wisconsin, Mason worked for a newspaper in Black River Falls, Wisconsin while studying law. He began the practice of law in Kansas in 1886. From 1889 to 1893 he served as county attorney for Finney County, Kansas. Later he served in the Kansas State House of Representatives from 1899 to 1902 and was a justice of the Kansas State Supreme Court from 1903 to 1927. He was also a member of the faculty at Washburn Law School.
# List of interior ministers of Prussia

This page lists Prussian Ministers of the Interior.

## History

Upon the founding of the Prussian Interior Ministry in 1808 until the dissolution of the State of Prussia in 1945. The Prussian Interior Ministers were members of the Prussian State Ministry.

## Interior ministers (1808–1934)

| Name | Term Start | Term End | Notes |
| Friedrich Ferdinand Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten | 1808 | 1810 | |
| Karl August von Hardenberg | 1810 | 1814 | Also served as Prime Minister from 1804-6, 1807, 1810-1822 |
| Friedrich von Schuckmann | 1814 | 1834 | |
| Wilhelm zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein | 1817 | 1819 | Police Minister |
| Wilhelm von Humboldt | 1819 | 1819 | |
| Friedrich von Schuckman | 1819 | 1834 | |
| Gustav von Brenn | 1834 | 1838 | |
| Gustav Adolf Rochus von Rochow | 1838 | 1842 | Minister of the Interior and Police |
| Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg | 1842 | 1845 | |
| Ernst von Bodelschwingh-Velmede | 1845 | 1848 | |
| Alfred von Auerswald | 1848 | 1848 | |
| Friedrich von Kühlwetter | 1848 | 1848 | |
| Franz August Eichmann | 1848 | 1848 | |
| Otto Theodor von Manteuffel | 1848 | 1850 | |
| Ferdinand von Westphalen | 1850 | 1858 | |
| Eduard Heinrich von Flottwell | 1858 | 1859 | |
| Maximilian von Schwerin-Putzar | 1859 | 1862 | |
| Gustav von Jagow | 1862 | 1862 | |
| Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg | 1862 | 1878 | |
| Botho August Wendt zu Eulenburg-Wicken | 1878 | 1881 | |
| Robert Viktor von Puttkamer | 1881 | 1888 | |
| Ernst Ludwig Herrfurth | 1888 | 1892 | |
| Botho August Wendt zu Eulenburg-Wicken | 1892 | 1894 | |
| Ernst Matthias von Köller | 1894 | 1895 | |
| Gustav Wilhelm Eberhard von der Recke von der Horst | 1895 | 1899 | |
| Kreuzwendedich Georg von Rheinbaben | 1899 | 1901 | |
| Hans Christian Friedrich Wilhelm von Hammerstein-Loxten | 1901 | 1905 | |
| Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg | 1905 | 1907 | |
| Friedrich Ludwig Elisa von Moltke | 1907 | 1910 | |
| Johann (Hans) Nikolaus Michael Louis von Dallwitz | 1910 | 1914 | |
| Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell | 1914 | 1917 | |
| Wilhelm (Bill) Arnold Drews | 1917 | 1918 | |
| Rudolf Breitscheid Paul Hirsch | 1918 | 1919 | |
| Wolfgang Heine | 1919 | 1920 | |
| Carl Wilhelm Severing | 1920 | 1921 | |
| Adolph Alexander Eberhard Dominicus | 1921 | 1921 | |
| Carl Wilhelm Severing | 1921 | 1926 | |
| Albert Grzesinski | 1926 | 1930 | |
| Heinrich Waentig | 1930 | 1930 | |
| Carl Wilhelm Severing | 1930 | 1932 | |
| Franz Bracht | 1932 | 1933 | Reich Commissioner (also Reich Minister of the Interior from December 3, 1932) |
| Hermann Göring | 1933 | 1933 | Reich Commissioner |
| Hermann Göring | 1933 | 1934 | Also Prime Minister from April 11, 1933 |
| Wilhelm Frick | 1934 | 1934 | Reich Minister of the Interior since January 30, 1933 |
# Jacob Stoffel Jr.

Jacob Stoffel Jr. (July 2, 1861 – March 30, 1927) was an American businessman and politician.
Born in Racine, Wisconsin, Stoffel went to the public schools and to the Parson Business College. Stoffel was in the dry goods business and was involved with the Stoffel Brothers business. He was also involved with the banking business. He served on the Racine Common Council. Stoffel also served on the Racine School Board and was the president of the school board. Stoffel served on the Racine Parks Board. In 1923, Stoffel served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican. Stoffel died in Racine, Wisconsin from a long illness.
# Centro Deportivo Español

Centro Deportivo Español was a Mexican football club based in Mexico City, that played in the Liga Mexicana de Football Amateur Association (1915–1917, 1918–1920).

## History

Deportivo Español was founded in 1914 by the Spanish migrates that lived in Mexico City. Spanish during this time period began forming many clubs in Mexico City. Among Deportivo Español there were, Club España in 1912, Club Cataluya in 1917, Asturias in 1918, and Aurrerá in 1919 . The club began to participate in the league from the 1914–15 to 1919–20. During this period of time, people that had arrived to Mexico from Europe began forming clubs.

## Amateur era seasons

During the time Deportivo Español spent in the league it did not fare well in the standings. The team usually ended in the lower half of the standings until it dissolved after the 1919–20 season. During the 1917–18 season Deportivo Español did not participate in the Liga Mexicana Amateur de Football Association.
# Mr Stringfellow Says No

Mr Stringfellow Says No is a 1934 British thriller film directed by Randall Faye and starring Neil Hamilton, Claude Dampier and Muriel Aked. It was also released as Accidental Spy.

## Plot

An innocent bystander, who is given a vital secret which he doesn't hear, is hounded by all countries until the Prime Minister bluffs them by pretending that he knows the secret too.

## Cast

* Neil Hamilton as Jeremy Stringfellow
* Claude Dampier as Mr Piper
* Muriel Aked as Mrs Piper
* Kathleen Gibson as Miss Piper
* Marcelle Rogez as Marta
* Franklin Dyall as Count Hokana
* Peter Gawthorne as Prime Minister
# Philippine hawk-cuckoo

The Philippine hawk-cuckoo (Hierococcyx pectoralis) is a bird belonging to the cuckoo family. It is found only in the Philippines. It was formerly classified as a subspecies of Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo but is now its own species.

## Description and taxonomy

It is a medium-sized cuckoo, about 29 centimetres in length. The adult is dark-grey above and white below with a pale rufous breast and upper belly. The tail has three or four black and buff bars, a broad black band near the tip and a pale rufous tip. There is a bare yellow ring around the eye. The legs and feet are also yellow and the bill is black and olive. Immature birds have rufous barring above and brown streaks below.
The bird has a high-pitched call of five to seven notes. The call lasts for about 1.5 seconds and is repeated up to 10 times, becoming louder and faster.
It was formerly classified as a subspecies of Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (H. fugax) but is now commonly treated as a separate species based on differences in vocalizations.
This species is monotypic.

## Ecology and behavior

It is an insectivore, primarily feeding on caterpillars but also feeds on fruits and berries.
There is not much information about its breeding habits and nesting. Its breeding season begins in April. Like most cuckoos, it is a brood parasite but host species are unknown.

## Habitat and conservation status

It is found on most of the larger islands of the Philippines, occurring up to 2,300 metres above sea-level. It inhabits forest and forest edge where it forages from near the ground up to the treetops. It is an uncommon bird and is usually shy and difficult to see.
The IUCN Red List has assessed this bird as Least-concern species with the population decreasing. Extensive lowland deforestation on all islands in its range is the main threat. Most remaining lowland forest that is not afforded protection leaving it vulnerable to both legal and Illegal logging, conversion into farmlands through Slash-and-burn and mining.
Occurs in a few protected areas in Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park and Bataan National Park on Luzon, Pasonanca Natural Park in Mindanao, Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape in Bohol and Samar Island Natural Park but actual protection and enforcement from illegal logging and hunting are lax.
# FC-75

FC-75 is a fluorocarbon derivative of tetrahydrofuran with the chemical formula C$_8$F$_{16}$O. It is practically insoluble in water.
It is one of the 3M Fluorinert fluids. It is used as an inert coolant fluid in electronics and other applications, and as a solvent. FC-75 can be synthesized by the same electrochemical fluorination process used to produce PFOA. However, other perfluorinated ether isomers will also result.
    H(CH$_2$)$_7$COCl + HF → H(CH$_2$)$_7$COF + C$_7$H$_{16}$ + 2C$_8$F$_{16}$O + HCl + H$_2$
A similar fluorocarbon-based coolant and solvent is perfluorohexane.
# Erika Jänkä

Erika Jänkä (born 23 November 1995 in Perho, Finland) is a Finnish biathlete.
She competed during the 2022 Winter Olympics.

## Biathlon results

All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.

### Olympic Games

0 medals
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay |
| 2022 Beijing | — | 73rd | — | — | 16th | — |

### World Championships

0 medals
| Event | Individual | Sprint | Pursuit | Mass start | Relay | Mixed relay | Single Mixed relay |
| 2020 Rasen-Antholz | — | — | — | — | 11th | — | — |
| 2021 Pokljuka | 81st | 62nd | — | — | 14th | — | — |
| 2023 Oberhof | 54th | — | — | — | 13th | — | — |
    *During Olympic seasons competitions are only held for those events not included in the Olympic program.