OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vasif Biçaku

Vasif Dervish Biçaku (22 March 1922 – 23 September 1979) was an Albanian footballer who played for Sportklub Tiranë and Apolonia Fier as well as the Albania national team. He is also known for being part of the 1946 Albania vs Yugoslavia football match, which was Albania's first official match. In total, he earned 18 caps for the national team between 1946 and 1952.

## Club career

Biçaku was born in Tiranë into a noble family from Elbasan and began his football career in the late 1930s with Sportklub Tiranë. He moved to Partizani Tirana in 1948 where he won two National Championships. Towards the end of his playing career he moved to Apolonia Fier and played in the Albanian second tier until his retirement in the mid-1950s.

## International career

Biçaku made his debut for Albania in an August 1946 friendly match against Montenegro and earned a total of 17 caps, scoring 1 goal. His final international was a June 1950 friendly match against Bulgaria.

## Personal life and death

Biçaku was a notable fighter for the Albanian Partisans and was involved in the liberation movement. He was a staunch communist and even refused to meet with his own father in Rome, Italy where he was in exile for opposing the communist regime.
Biçaku died on 23 September 1979, at the age of 57.

## Honours

* Kategoria Superiore: 2
       1948, 1949
# Vasso Karantasiou

Vasiliki "Vasso" Karantasiou (Greek: Βασιλική (Βάσω) Καραντάσιου, also transliterated Karadassiou; born January 6, 1973) is a female beach volleyball player from Greece, who won the gold medal at the 2005 European Championships in Moscow, Russia, partnering Vassiliki Arvaniti.
She was born in Athens, Greece, and represented her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in her home city, after having competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics as well.

## Individual awards

* FIVB Top Women's Player 2005

## Playing partners

* Vassiliki Arvaniti
* Efthalia Koutroumanidou
* Efi Sfyri
* Stavroula Theodorou
* Rodi Ordoulidou
# Maria Tsiartsiani

Maria Tsiartsiani (Greek: Μαρία Τσιαρτσανη; born 21 October 1980 in Thessaloniki) is a Greek Olympic beach volleyballer. She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, partnering with Efthalia Koutroumanidou. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed with Vassiliki Arvaniti.
# Kandan station

Kandan station (Chinese: 看丹站; pinyin: Kāndān zhàn) is a station on Line 16 of the Beijing Subway. The station opened on 31 December 2022.

## Station layout

The station has an underground island platform. There are 3 exits, lettered A, B and C. Exit B is accessible via an elevator.
# Sinfonia Newydd

Sinfonia Newydd (English: New Sinfonia), often referred to simply as SN, is a contemporary arts company, based in Cardiff. The company, a finalist of the Future Entrepreneur Award at the Wales Quality Awards 2011, specialises in innovating ways of delivering art, particularly music, of students in Wales. Sinfonia Newydd is currently based at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.

## History

Sinfonia Newydd was founded in February 2010 by Toks Dada. It consisted of a 22-piece string ensemble to provide a platform for composition students at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama to have their works premiered. Soon after, the Repertory by Entrepreneurial Performers Company (REPCo) – a funding initiative for student-led projects – was formed, of which SN became a founding member.
Seeking to innovate collaboration between art mediums, SN integrated scenic art into their concert in December 2010 at the Welsh National Temple of Peace and Health by creating live on-stage art pieces inspired by the music being performed.
In June 2011, Sinfonia Newydd founder and director Toks Dada won the RWCMD Young Entrepreneur of the Year award and the company subsequently became a finalist in the Wales Future Entrepreneur Awards at the Wales Quality Awards 2011.
At present Sinfonia Newydd have produced a total of 68 performances of contemporary music including 56 world premieres and have grown to an ensemble consisting of 58 players across all orchestral families.

## Projects
### Sinfonia Newydd Chamber Series

Sinfonia Newydd Chamber Series was launched in October 2010 as a branch of SN with the aim of producing monthly chamber music events in Cardiff. In November 2011, Sinfonia Newydd Chamber Series produced a concert entitled "An Exhibition", at the Contemporary Art Gallery of National Museum Cardiff, where works inspired by the museum's contemporary art pieces were performed. Other Chamber Series venues have included the Weston Gallery, RWCMD and the Glanfa Stage, Wales Millennium Centre.

### Sinfonia Newydd Festival

Sinfonia Newydd Festival is an annual contemporary arts festival which was launched in June 2011 at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama, with the Sinfonia Newydd Ensemble becoming one of the first orchestras to perform in the Dora Stoutzker Hall. The Sinfonia Newydd 2011 Festival consisted of 8 individual events featuring 40 world premiere works by 22 Welsh-based student composers. Alongside this, SN showcased contemporary art pieces created by theatre design students at the college which were inspired by some of the works programmed in the final evening concert of the festival.

### SN Jazz

SN Jazz, a branch of SN with the aim of promoting and premiering contemporary jazz music, was launched in November 2011 as part of a contemporary chamber music double-bill, consisting of a "fusion of contemporary jazz and classical music" performed on the Glanfa Stage, Wales Millennium Centre.
# Denbigh High School

Denbigh High School may refer to:
* Denbigh High School, Denbighshire in Denbigh, Wales, United Kingdom
* Denbigh High School, Luton in Bedfordshire, England, United Kingdom
* Denbigh High School (Jamaica) in Clarendon, Denbigh, Jamaica
* Denbigh High School (Newport News, Virginia) in Newport News, Virginia, USA
# Tucidinostat

Tucidinostat (INN, also known as chidamide and sold under the brand names Epidaza and Hiyasta) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) developed in China. It was also known as HBI-8000. It is a benzamide HDI and inhibits Class I HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, as well as Class IIb HDAC10.
Tucidinostat is approved by the Chinese FDA for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and has orphan drug status in Japan. In Japan, it was approved for relapsed or refractory adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) treatment in June 2021.
Tucidinostat is being researched as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, it is not US FDA approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
# Charles Meldrum

Charles Meldrum, CMG FRS FRAS FRMetS (29 October 1821 – 28 August 1901) was a Scottish meteorologist and astronomer.
He was born at Kirkmichael, Banffshire, the son of farmer William Meldrum, of Tomintoul, Banffshire and educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, where he was lord rector's prizeman and graduated M.A. in 1844.
In 1846 he was appointed to the education department, Bombay, and two years later was transferred to the Royal College of Mauritius as Professor of Mathematics. In 1851 he founded the Mauritius Meteorological Society, which he served for many years as secretary. In 1862 he was appointed government observer in charge of the small meteorological observatory then maintained at Port Louis, Mauritius, where he analysed ships' logs to work out the laws of cyclones in the Indian Ocean. He is credited as being the first to empirically confirm that cyclone winds blow in a spiral towards the centre of a storm, rather than in a circular motion. This observation was crucial for mariners navigating tropical seas.
As the site at Port Louis was unsuitable for a meteorological observatory, with the support of General Sir Edward Sabine, then President of the Royal Society, he was able to organise the construction of a new observatory on a marshy site in Pamplemousses District. There in 1870 the Duke of Edinburgh laid the foundation stone of the Royal Alfred Observatory which was operational by 1874. As before, the principal work of the observatory was the study of the movement of storms, but from 1880 photographs of the solar surface were taken daily to supplement the series made at Greenwich and Dehra Dun in north India to create a continuous record of the number of sunspots. The Pamplemousses observatory would be demolished in 1961 and its meteorological work transferred to Vacoas.
On 15 April 1868 Meldrum was elected a fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society. On 11 March 1870 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. In 1876 Meldrum was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in the same year the degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by the University of Aberdeen. He was made C.M.G. in 1886, and was a member of the governor's council from 1886 until his retirement from service in 1896, when he returned to England, settling at Southsea.
He died in Edinburgh on 28 August 1901. He had married, in Mauritius in 1870, Charlotte, the daughter of Percy Fitzpatrick.
# Gravitational contact terms

In quantum field theory, a contact term is a radiatively induced point-like interaction.
These typically occur when the vertex for the emission of a massless particle such as a photon, a graviton, or a gluon, is proportional to $q^{2}$ (the invariant momentum of the radiated particle). This factor cancels the $1/q^{2}$ of the Feynman propagator, and causes the exchange of the massless particle to produce a point-like $\delta$-function effective interaction, rather than the usual $\sim 1/r$ long-range potential. A notable example occurs in the weak interactions where a W-boson radiative correction to a gluon vertex produces a $q^{2}$ term, leading to what is known as a "penguin" interaction. The contact term then generates a correction to the full action of the theory.
Contact terms occur in gravity when there are non-minimal interactions, $(M_{Planck}^{2}+\alpha \phi ^{2})R$, or in Brans-Dicke Theory, $(M_{Planck}^{2}+\kappa M_{Planck}\Phi )R$. The non-minimal couplings are quantum equivalent to an "Einstein frame," with a pure Einstein-Hilbert action, $M_{Planck}^{2}R$, owing to gravitational contact terms. These arise classically from graviton exchange interactions.
The contact terms are an essential, yet hidden, part of the action and, if they are ignored, the Feynman diagram loops in different frames yield different results. At the leading order in ${1}/{M_{Planck}^{2}}$ including the contact terms is equivalent to performing a Weyl Transformation to remove the non-minimal couplings and taking the theory to the Einstein-Hilbert form. In this sense, the Einstein-Hilbert form of the action is unique and "frame ambiguities" in loop calculations do not exist.
# Edward D. Gazzam

Edward Despard Gazzam (May 7, 1803 – February 19, 1878) was an American medical doctor, lawyer, politician, and abolitionist. He was a founder of the Free Soil Party and served in the Pennsylvania State Senate.

## Early life

Born in Pittsburgh, Gazzam was the son of William and Martha (Hunt) Gazzam; his English journalist father fled Burwell for America in 1800 to avoid arrest for his radicalism after the arrest of his friend Edward Despard. Gazzam attended the Western University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1824, and then read law with Richard Biddle. He was admitted to the bar in 1826 and practiced for a time with his mentor, but ill health made him change his profession. He next studied medicine, graduating from the University of Pennsylvania medical school in Philadelphia in 1831. He established a practice in Pittsburgh.

## Political career

In 1839 Gazzam was nominated for state senate by the "Locofoco" Democrats, losing narrowly to Thomas Williams, the Anti-Masonic Party candidate. In 1841 he ran again on the Democratic ticket for state senate, losing by one vote to Whig George Darsie. In March 1844 he was nominated in a special election for United States Representative for Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district, losing to Whig Cornelius Darragh. In 1848 he attended the organizing and nominating convention of the Free Soil Party in Buffalo, New York and also ran for governor of Pennsylvania on the Free Soil ticket. In 1855 he ran for the state senate from Allegheny County on the Free Soil line. By 1856 he had become involved with the fledgling Republican Party, addressing the organizing convention in Pittsburgh in February and serving as a delegate to the national convention in Philadelphia. Gazzam was elected to the state senate in 1856 on the Republican ticket.

## Family

Edward Gazzam's older sister Catherine (1799-1882) married John Bartlett Butler (1793-1870); their son John Gazzam Butler (1842-1914) had a long career developing new munitions and manufacturing techniques in the Ordance Corps.
Gazzam married Elizabeth Antoinette Beelen (1818-1871) in 1835. Beelen was the granddaughter of Baron Frederick Eugene de Beelen-Bertholf, the first Austrian minister to the United States; her father Constantin Anthony Beelen had become a wealthy Pittsburgh merchant and manufacturer. Edward and Elizabeth Gazzam had three children, Audley William, Emma Louise, and Joseph Murphy Gazzam. Audley Gazzam (1836-1884) was a bankruptcy lawyer who wrote several books on the subject and served as major of the Pennsylvania 103rd Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War. Joseph M. Gazzam (1842-1927), a doctor and businessman, also served in the Pennsylvania state senate, from 1877 to 1880.
Gazzam died on February 19, 1878 in Philadelphia and is buried in Allegheny Cemetery in Pittsburgh.
# Auricle Ensemble

The Auricle Ensemble is a chamber ensemble based in Scotland. It was created by a co-operative of professional musicians working in the UK in 2007 and has become known for its diverse programming. The group is based in the West End of Glasgow, with rehearsal space and administration based at St Bride's Church, Glasgow. The Auricle Ensemble performs throughout the year as a resident ensemble in the St Bride's at 7 series, and repeats these concerts across Scotland, in places such as the University of Edinburgh, Falkirk Town Hall, Byre Theatre St. Andrews, Isle of Bute, Wigtown Book Festival.
It performs annually at Glasgow's West End Festival and Edinburgh Festival, and received critical attention with its tour of Arnold Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire. The ensemble's family concert with its orchestral octet performances for young audiences narrated by Balamory actress, Juliet Cadzow has been performed in festivals and venues across Scotland.
The Auricle Ensemble's 2010/2011 season features a Mini-Mahler series wherein all of Gustav Mahler's reduced works created for Arnold Schoenberg's Society for Private Musical Performances are being performed over Mahler's two anniversary years.
An "auricle", is the external part of an ear.
# 1874–75 Dumbarton F.C. season

The 1874–75 season was the second season of competitive football by Dumbarton.

## Scottish Cup

Dumbarton reached the semi-final of the Scottish Cup before losing to local rivals Renton, after a protested match and a 1-1 draw.
The second round of the Scottish Cup pitted Dumbarton against Rangers for their first ever meeting, and this remains the oldest competitive tie between Dumbarton and any of the current Scottish league clubs.
| Date | Round | Opponents | H / A | Result F–A | Scorers |
| 17 October 1874 | First round | Arthurlie | H | 3–0 | |
| 28 November 1874 | Second round | Rangers | A | 0–0 | |
| 12 December 1874 | Second round replay | Rangers | H | 1–0 | Lang |
| 30 January 1875 | Quarter-final | 3rd Lanark RV | H | 1–0 | |
| 27 March 1875 | Semi-final | Renton | H | 1–0 (protested) | |
| 27 March 1875 | Semi-final replay | Renton | N | 1–1 | Galbraith |
| 3 April 1875 | Semi-final second replay | Renton | H | 0–1 | |

## Friendlies

During the season, six 'friendly' matches were reported to have been played, including home and away fixtures against neighbours Vale of Leven. In addition, a match was played against Dumbarton Cricket and Football Club - who would later change their name to Lennox. Of these matches, five were drawn and one lost, scoring two goals and conceding five.
| Date | Opponents | H / A | Result F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| 21 November 1874 | Alexandra Athletic | A | 1–1 | Unknown | |
| 26 November 1874 | Vale of Leven | H | 0–0 | | |
| 16 January 1875 | Dumbarton Cricket and Football Club | A | 0–0 | | 500 |
| 23 January 1875 | Vale of Leven | A | 0–3 | | |
| 27 February 1875 | Vale of Leven | H | 0–0 | | |
| 6 March 1875 | Renton | H | 0–1 | | 2,000 |
| 27 March 1875 | Renton | A | 1–1 | Unknown | |

## Player statistics

Amongst those making their first appearances for the club this season was Archie Lang. Of those playing their final game in Dumbarton 'colours', Robert Ball was of note being the player who scored Dumbarton's first ever goal.
Only includes appearances and goals in competitive Scottish Cup matches.
| Player | Position | Appearances | Goals |
| John Wood | GK | 5 | 0 |
| John Bain | DF | 4 | 0 |
| William McIntosh | DF | 6 | 0 |
| James Wood | DF | 4 | 0 |
| James Boyd | MF | 4 | 0 |
| Archie Lang | MF | 2 | 1 |
| David McAuley | MF | 4 | 0 |
| M Walker | MF | 2 | 0 |
| Alex Galbraith | FW | 2 | 1 |
| Robert Gibson | FW | 6 | 0 |
| David Hartley | FW | 6 | 0 |
| William Hicks | FW | 5 | 0 |
| Robert Johnson | FW | 6 | 0 |
| Samuel McInnes | FW | 6 | 0 |
| William McIntyre | FW | 4 | 0 |
Source:
# Saint-Adalbert, Quebec

Saint-Adalbert (French pronunciation:) is a municipality in Quebec, Canada, on the Canada–United States border.
# Saccharomycopsis

Saccharomycopsis is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Saccharomycopsidaceae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

Species:
* Saccharomycopsis amapae (P.B.Morais, C.A.Rosa, S.A.Mey., Mend.-Hagler & Hagler) Casarég. & N.Jacques
* Saccharomycopsis babjevae (G.I.Naumov & M.T.Sm.) Casarég. & N.Jacques
* Saccharomycopsis capsularis Schiønning
* Saccharomycopsis crataegensis Kurtzman & Wick., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
* Saccharomycopsis fermentans (C.F. Lee, F.L. Lee, W.H. Hsu & Phaff) Kurtzman & Robnett
* Saccharomycopsis fibuliger (Lindner) Klöcker
* Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (Lindner) Klöcker
* Saccharomycopsis fodiens Lachance, C.A. Rosa & E.J. Carvajal
* Saccharomycopsis guttulatus (C.P. Robin) Schiønning
* Saccharomycopsis guyanensis Jacques & Casaregola
* Saccharomycopsis hordei (Saito) Klöcker
* Saccharomycopsis javanensis (Klöcker) Kurtzman & Robnett
* Saccharomycopsis lassenensis (Kurtzman) Casareg. & N. Jacques
* Saccharomycopsis lindneri (Saito) Klöcker
* Saccharomycopsis lipolytica (Wick., Kurtzman & Herman) Yarrow
* Saccharomycopsis malanga (Dwidjos.) Kurtzman, Vesonder & M.J. Smiley
* Saccharomycopsis microspora (L.R. Batra) Kurtzman
* Saccharomycopsis olivae Jacques, M. Coton, E. Coton & Casaregola
* Saccharomycopsis oosterbeekiorum M. Groenew. & M.T. Sm
* Saccharomycopsis oxydans S. Nasr & A. Yurkov
* Saccharomycopsis phaeospora (Boedijn) Arx
* Saccharomycopsis phalli F.H. Tian, X.X. Yuan & K.Q. Peng
* Saccharomycopsis phalluae F.H. Tian, X.X. Yuan & K.Q
* Saccharomycopsis pseudolipolytica Blagodatskaya
* Saccharomycopsis schoenii (Nadson & Krassiln.) Kurtzman & Robnett
* Saccharomycopsis selenospora (Nadson & Krassiln.) Kurtzman & Robnett
* Saccharomycopsis synnaedendra Van der Walt & D.B. Scott
* Saccharomycopsis vini (Kreger-van Rij) Van der Walt & D.B. Scott
# Special Operations Force (Singapore)

The Special Operations Force (SOF) is the primary special forces unit of the Singapore Army responsible for conducting special operations. The SOF is only composed of highly trained regular servicemen, most of whom are from the Commandos formation.
It is also a component of the Special Operations Task Force (SOTF), alongside the Special Warfare Group (SWG) of the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN).

## History

On 27 September 1972, a flight engineer aboard Olympic Airlines Flight 472 accidentally activated a hijack alarm. The flight, which had 31 passengers and 11 crew members on board, took off from Sydney, Australia at 1030 hours SST and was heading towards Paya Lebar Airport in Singapore. The Australian authorities were not informed of the situation until four hours later. Following a flurry of conflicting reports, Australia's Civil Aviation Safety Authority warned Paya Lebar Airport to be prepared for a possible hijack.
Flight 472 landed in Singapore at 1825 hours SST and was immediately surrounded by the police before the Singapore authorities could confirm that it was a false alarm. The incident highlighted the lack of special forces trained and equipped to deal with a hijack or hostage situation in Singapore.
The SOF was created in 1984.

### Operation Thunderbolt (1991)

On 26 March 1991, Singapore Airlines Flight 117 was hijacked in flight by four men, who took all 129 people on board hostage. At Singapore Changi Airport, commandos from the SOF stormed the plane, killed the four hijackers and freed the hostages in under a minute. This also marked the SOF's first combat operation.
Commando HQ was awarded a Medal of Valor and a unit citation for the success of the operation.

### Other operations

It was reported that some SOF commandos have been deployed to Afghanistan under Operation Blue Ridge alongside regular Commandos.
# Francesco Pelle

Francesco Pelle (Italian pronunciation:; born 4 February 1977), nicknamed Ciccio Pakistan, is an Italian mobster belonging to the Pelle 'ndrina of the 'Ndrangheta in Calabria. Until his arrest in 2021, Pelle was considered to be one of the most dangerous and wanted fugitives in Italy.

## Biography

Pelle is the son of Domenico Pelle known as Micu 'U Mata, according to investigators, Ciccio Pakistan was the protagonist in the San Luca feud, the war between the Pelle-Vottari against the Nirta-Strangio. Pelle is accused of having ordered the Maria Strangio's murder, who fell shot dead by the Pelle-Vottari killers in 2006 Christmas shooting, whose target was the husband Giovanni Luca Nirta, head of the rival 'ndrina who survived the attack. It would be a response to the ambush, which occurred in July earlier, on the day of his son's birth, due to which he is confined to a wheelchair due to a gunshot wound to the back. Revenge of the Nirta came in 2007 during the Duisburg massacre, where six people believed to be close to the Pelle were killed.

## Capture and aftermath

In 2008, Pelle was arrested in a hospital in Pavia. Then in 2014, he was sentenced to life in prison. In 2018, Ciccio Pakistan was released from prison and was subjected to the obligation of residence in Milan pending the sentence, but following the confirmation of the life sentence he becomes a fugitive again. In March 2021, he was recaptured at a hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, where he was receiving treatment for COVID-19, and then was extradited to Italy in September.
# Adjamé

Adjamé is one of the 10 urban communes of Abidjan, Ivory Coast. It forms part of the metropolitan area and autonomous district of Abidjan.
The name Adjamé means "a junction" or "the centre" in the local Tchaman language. The Tchaman people of Adjamé are called Agbou Djemian and come under Chief Nanguy Abrogoua. Adjamé is located to the north of Plateau, Abidjan. Adjamé has the most important bus station in the country from where buses serve all of Ivory Coast as well as neighbouring countries.

## Sport

Adjamé is represented in football by the Stella Club of Adjamé which plays in the MTN Ligue 1 on the grounds of the Municipal Stadium. As in most parts of Ivory Coast, the club is organised in an informal way with football teams of seven players. The players are called Maracanas. Another club is AS Athlétic d'Adjamé.
Basile Boli, the French footballer (45 caps, one goal), was born in Adjamé.

## Government

List of mayors :
| Date elected | Name | Party |
| 1970 | Joseph Attoumbré | PDCI-RDA |
| 1980 | Jean Benjamin Amoa | PDCI-RDA |
| 1985 | Lassina Dembélé | PDCI-RDA |
| 1996 | Pierre Djédji Amondji | Ivorian Popular Front |
| 2013 | Youssouf Sylla | Rally of the Republicans |

## Images

* Market, 2008
* Liberté roundabout, 2010
* Bus station