OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Uta Passow

Uta Passow is a marine scientist known for her work on the biological carbon pump. She is a Canadian Research Chair at the Memorial University of Newfoundland, and the 2022 recipient of the A.G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in the Marine Sciences.

## Education and career

Passow has a bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry from University of Freiburg. Passow received her diplom (1985) and Ph.D. (1989) from Kiel University. She then moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara where she remained until 2000 when she moved to the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research. In 2001 she received her habilitation, and became a full professor. In 2008 she moved back to the University of California, Santa Barbara where she remained until 2018 when she became a Canada Research Chair at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.

## Research

Passow's early research examined the spring bloom and the abundance of organic particles in the ocean. She developed a means to use dyes to quantify transparent exopolymer particles and went on to define the processes forming these particles. Passow also examined carbon cycling in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

## Selected publications

* Passow, U. (2002-11-01). "Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in aquatic environments". Progress in Oceanography. 55 (3): 287–333. Bibcode:2002PrOce..55..287P. doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00138-6. ISSN 0079-6611.
* Alldredge, Alice L.; Passow, Uta; Logan, Bruce E. (1993-06-01). "The abundance and significance of a class of large, transparent organic particles in the ocean". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 40 (6): 1131–1140. Bibcode:1993DSRI...40.1131A. doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90129-Q. ISSN 0967-0637.
* Passow, U.; Alldredge, A. L. (1995). "A dye-binding assay for the spectrophotometric measurement of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)". Limnology and Oceanography. 40 (7): 1326–1335. Bibcode:1995LimOc..40.1326P. doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1326. ISSN 0024-3590.
* Passow, Uta; Alldredge, Alice L.; Logan, Bruce E. (1994-02-01). "The role of particulate carbohydrate exudates in the flocculation of diatom blooms". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 41 (2): 335–357. Bibcode:1994DSRI...41..335P. doi:10.1016/0967-0637(94)90007-8. ISSN 0967-0637.

## Awards and honors

In 2022 Passow received the A.G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in the Marine Sciences.
# Frank Punčec

Frank Punčec (born 9 July 1951) is a South African former professional tennis player.

## Biography

Punčec is the son of Croatian tennis player Franjo Punčec, who played for the Yugoslav Davis Cup team. His parents emigrated to South Africa in 1948 and Frank was born soon after in 1951, one of three children to Franjo and Zora.
As a professional player in the 1980s he reached a best singles ranking of 179 in the world. Most notably he featured in the main draw of the 1983 French Open, where he was beaten in the first round by countryman Danie Visser.
A car collector in his spare time, Punčec owns a range of BMW E9 CS coupés.
# Broniszów, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Broniszów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielopole Skrzyńskie, within Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Wielopole Skrzyńskie, 12 km (7 mi) south of Ropczyce, 40 km (25 mi) east of Tarnów, and the same distance of the regional capital Rzeszów (eastward).

## Notable people born in Broniszów

Karol Olszewski (1846–1915) was born in the village (then Broniszów Tarnowski).
# Sulu Trench

The Sulu Trench is an oceanic trench in the Pacific Ocean, located west of the islands of Mindanao and Sulu in the Philippines. The trench reaches a depth of about 5,600 metres (18,400 ft), in contrast with the average depth of the South China Sea of about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). The trench formed when the Sunda Plate (part of the Eurasian Plate) subducted below the Philippine Mobile Belt. The convergent boundary terminates at the Negros Trench in the east.
The Sulu Trench is not associated with frequent earthquakes, but hosts volcanoes south of the trench, such as Mount Malindang.

## Background

The Sulu Trench was formed from subduction of the Eurasian Plate underneath the Philippine sea plate, which initiated during the Early Miocene (23.03-20.44 Million years ago). Historically, the trench was the site of a collision zone with the Palawan plate, which formed the Philippine Trench 8–9 million years ago. The trench is located southwest of the Visayas and north of the Sulu Archipelago. It extends northeasterly in the Sulu Sea, from 6°12′N 119°36′E﻿ / ﻿6.20°N 119.60°E﻿ / 6.20; 119.60 to 7°12′N 121°24′E﻿ / ﻿7.20°N 121.40°E﻿ / 7.20; 121.40. The rate of subduction in the Sulu Trench is approximately 8 cm (3.1 in) per year.
Although there are vast areas of subduction zones, some authors have considered this region to have low seismic activity. There have been several earthquakes with a magnitude ≥6.4 in the region, with one of the recent ones in 1978, hitting the trench with a hypocenter depth of 24 km (15 mi). Areas adjacent to the subduction zones have experienced large seismic activity. In 1942, Zamboanga Peninsula experienced a M7.2.

## Seismicity

This is a list of significant earthquakes related to the Sulu Trench which have a magnitude of 6.4 or bigger.
| Year | Location | Moment magnitude | Casualties |
| 1928 | east of Guipos | 6.8 | 97 |
| 1942 | south-west of Kipit | 7.2 | - |
| 1955 | west-northwest of Lapuyan | 7.4 | 400 |
| 1976 | east-southeast of Olutanga | 6.8 | 8000 |
| 1978 | north-northwest of Kalawit | 6.9 | - |
| 1978 | south-southeast of Malim | 6.9 | - |
| 1984 | north-northwest of Tabid | 7.3 | - |
| 1985 | south-east of Muricay | 6.5 | 2 |
| 1985 | east-northeast of Malim | 6.4 | - |
# Gunnar Ekstrand

Gunnar Ekstrand (January 19, 1892 – June 10, 1966) was a Swedish diver who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.
In 1912, he was eliminated in the first round of the plain high diving competition. Eight years later, at the Antwerp Games, he finished fifth in the 3 metre springboard event. In the 10 metre platform competition he was eliminated in the first round.
# The Violin Maker of Cremona

The Violin Maker of Cremona is a 1909 silent film drama short directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Herbert Prior and Mary Pickford. It was produced and distributed by the Biograph Company.
The same story was filmed again in 1910 by Pathe.

## Cast

* Herbert Prior – Taddeo Ferrari
* Mary Pickford – Giannina, Taddeo's Daughter
* Owen Moore – Sandro
* David Miles – Filippo, the Cripple
* Harry Solter – The Judge
* Marion Leonard – The Judge's Companion
Uncredited:
* Charles Avery – Worker
* Clara T. Bracy
* John R. Cumpson
* Arthur V. Johnson
* Violet Mersereau
* Anthony O'Sullivan
* Mack Sennett
# When I Turned Nine

When I Turned Nine (Korean: 아홉살 인생; RR: Ahopsal insaeng; lit. Life at Age Nine) is a 2004 South Korean drama film.

## Synopsis

The film focuses on Baek Yeo-min (Kim Seok), a thoughtful and mature nine-year-old boy living in 1970s Korea. Trying to help his one-eyed mother after noticing a pair of expensive glasses in a store, Yeo-min decides to make his own money by getting a job as an ice-cream boy, selling ice cream and doing chores until his mother notices the money he made and punishes Yeo-min, saying that he shouldn't have made money from his summer jobs.
During a school punishment, he meets a haughty new girl named Jang Woo-rim (Lee Se-young). At first they both don't like each other, but they soon become best friends. For many months they happily spend time together, but their relationship ends when she has to move back to Seoul to live with her father. The night before she leaves, Yeo-min gives her a surprise kiss on the cheek and runs away. Woo-rim later tells a surprised Yeo-rim that she is actually in love with him, and she leaves him a present: a pair of glasses for his mother. Walking away with his friends in the snow at the end of the movie, he looks back at her with a glum expression on his face.

## Cast

* Kim Seok as Baek Yeo-min
* Lee Se-young as Jang Woo-rim
* Na Ah-hyun as Oh Geum-bok
* Kim Myung-jae as Shin Ki-jong
* Jung Sun-kyung as Yeo-min's mother
* Ahn Nae-sang as Tam-im
* Ji Dae-han as Yeo-min's father
* Seo Jin-won as Park Pal-bong
* Shin Jung-geun as Black Swallow's father
* Jung Ae-yeon as Kim Yoon-hee
* Noh Hyeon-jeong as Black Swallow's mother
* Go Seo-hee as Shin Ki-soon
* Choi Deok-moon as Park Pal-bong

## Reception

Upon its release, the film attracted 352,182 viewers.
It also won Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay, and Best Child Actor/Actress at the 12th Chunsa Film Art Awards in 2004.
# Vaughn Miller (politician)

Vaughn Miller is a Bahamian politician from the Progressive Liberal Party.

## Career

In 2020 Vaughn Miller left the Free National Movement and joined the Progressive Liberal Party.
In the 2021 Bahamian general election, he was elected in Golden Isles.
# SecA

The SecA protein is a cell membrane associated subunit of the bacterial Sec or Type II secretory pathway, a system which is responsible for the secretion of proteins through the cell membrane. Within this system the SecA ATPase forms a translocase complex with the SecYEG channel, thereby driving the movement of the protein substrate across the membrane.

## Structure

SecA is a complex protein whose structure consists of six characterized domains that can explain SecA's capabilities to bind substrates and to move them. The following five domains seem to be present in all SecA proteins that have been structurally analyzed so far.

### DEAD motor domain

This amino acid domain is subdivided into the two nucleotide binding folds 1 and 2 (NBF1 and NBF2) where ATP is bound and hydrolyzed. The chemical energy from the phosphodiester bonds results in a conformational change which is transferred to other domains (especially the HWD and the PPXD domains) which consequently mechanically move the preprotein across the membrane. However, these conformational changes are partly regulated by other protomer domains described below.

### C-terminal linker domain

The capability to bind to the SecB chaperone during post-translational translocation, the ribosome (during both post-translational translocation and co-translational translocation) and the phospholipid bilayer is important for SecA functioning and is achieved by the C-terminal linker domain.

### Helical wing domain (HWD)

Located at the C-terminal portion of the molecule, this domain is in contact with the HSD and PPXD domains. Likely it plays a role in transferring molecular conformational motion, which it receives from HSD and which originates from ATP hydrolysis in the DEAD motor domain, to the PPXD domain.

### Peptide cross linking domain (PPXD)

Since SecA's essential function is the transport of preprotein across the membrane the ability to actually bind preprotein must be given. The PPXD domain fulfils this function upon substrate binding.

### Helical scaffold domain (HSD)

This domain lies in the center of the SecA protomer and contacts via α-helical interactions all other subdomains. In addition it contains the intramolecular regulator of ATP hydrolysis 1 (IRA1) subdomain which seems to prevent unwanted ATP hydrolysis when SecA is not bound to SecYEG. Together with IRA1, a conserved salt bridge called Gate 1 might function to prevent unnecessary conformational change. Gate 1 seems to functionally connect the nucleotide (ATP) binding site of the DEAD motor domain with the PPXD domain which results in regulation of ATP hydrolysis only upon preprotein binding. However, this coordinative behaviour has only been shown to occur when SecA is bound to SecYEG.
# Sture Ericsson

Sture Henrik Ericsson (later Ewréus, 15 January 1898 – 30 September 1945) was a Swedish gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swedish team that won the all-around Swedish system event.
# Tablas drongo

The Tablas drongo (Dicrurus menagei) is an Asian bird of the family Dicruridae. It was formerly considered conspecific with the hair-crested drongo.
It is endemic to Tablas Island in the Philippines. It is noted by its jet black plumage with a long fish-like tail. It inhabits tropical old-growth forest. Prior to 1998, it was not seen for many decades due to lack of surveys on the island. It is estimated to consist of just 50 to 250 mature adults making it one of the most endangered birds in the Philippines. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Description and taxonomy

EBird describes the bird as "A medium-sized, long-tailed bird of forest canopy on Tablas, where it is the only drongo in range. Entirely black with glossy-blue wings, crown, and streaks on the neck and chest. Similar to Philippine Drongo-Cuckoo but larger, with a thicker bill and a strongly forked tail with upturned tips. Not as vocal as other drongos. Voice includes a grating scold followed by a loud, high-pitched whistle."
It is insectivorous, catching prey by hawking and foraging among leaves and on trunks. The species's nest is described as a small cup made of thin twigs and vegetation fibres, coarsely woven into a three-quarters sphere and suspended from slender branches amongst foliage in the outer part of a tall tree, high above a stream.
The specific name, menagei, commemorates Louis F. Menage, an American real estate tycoon.

## Ecology and behavior

This species is insectivorous. It is known to hawk insects in the air but also gleans leaves and trunks. Observed to strip dead leafs of insects with its bill. Nest is a small cup made of thin twigs and fibres. Observed nesting in April but not much else is known about its breeding.

## Habitat and conservation status

The species inhabits tropical moist lowland primary forest in areas with mature closed-canopy forest. Occasional sightings from the edge of clearings but is not found in fully cleared areas. Observed in the mid-canopy of tall trees, often near streams.
The IUCN Red List classifies this bird as an endangered species with population estimates of 50 to 250 mature individuals. This species' main threat is habitat loss with wholesale clearance of forest habitats as a result of legal and illegal logging, and conversion into farmlands through Slash-and-burn and other methods.The species does not occur at high density even within the little remaining forest cover on Tablas:
Mt Palaupau serves as a watershed for Tablas Island.
There are no species specific conservation programs going on at the moment but conservation actions proposed include more species surveys to better understand habitat and population. initiate education and awareness campaigns to raise the species's profile and instill pride in locals. Lobby for protection of remaining forest and assess feasibility of reforestation projects,
# Rohat Alakom

Rohat Alakom (born 1955) is a Kurdish author from Kars, Turkey who writes his books in Kurdish, Turkish and Swedish. He was born in a village of Kağızman a district of Kars Province. He went to high school in Kağızman, Later, he went to the capital of Turkey Ankara for higher education. After living in Bulgaria (1979–1980) and Germany (1980–1982) he moved to Sweden where he currently resides.
# Nagler-Rolz NR 54

The Nagler-Rolz NR 54 is a German experimental foldable backpack helicopter developed during World War II. An enlarged variant, the NR 55, was also built.

## Design and development

The NR 54 was developed by Austrian engineers Bruno Nagler and Franz Rolz. The helicopter featured a three-legged undercarriage design and a single seat. The NR 54 V1 prototype featured a single-bladed rotor, while the V2 prototype had a more traditional two-bladed unit. Both prototypes were powered by a piston engines mounted on the rotor blades, with the V1 having a single 24 hp (18 kW) engine driving two contra-rotating propellers, and the V2 having two 8 hp (6.0 kW) single-cylinder variants of the Argus As 8. This configuration eliminated torque, negating the need for a tail rotor.
The enlarged NR 55 a proof of concept aircraft based on the configuration of the NR 54 V1 and was powered by a 40 hp engine in an aerodynamic fairing.

## Operational history

The NR 55 was the first airframe built, and conducted a successful hover during indoor testing. Centrifugal forces on the engine caused fuel flow problems, which in turn led to vibration problems, and the propellers created a gyroscopic effect which interfered with the flapping hinges of the rotor. These problems were not fixed on the NR 54 V1 and V2, which were not flown before testing was halted by the Soviet advance in Vienna.
Nagler evaded the Red Army and was interviewed by the British after the war. The NR 54 V1 remained in Austria, while the V2 was captured by American forces after the war, who evaluated it at Freeman Army Airfield. The NR 55 had been destroyed by an Allied bombing raid in 1944.

## Variants
### NR 54 V1

    First prototype with a single-bladed rotor.

### NR 54 V2

    Second prototype with a two-bladed rotor.

### NR 55

    Enlarged proof of concept prototype.

## Survivors

The NR 54 V2 is currently on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Virginia.

## Specifications (NR 54 V2)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 2.42 m (7 ft 11 in)
* Height: 2.18 m (7 ft 2 in)
* Empty weight: 36.5 kg (80 lb)
* Gross weight: 140 kg (309 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Argus As 8 ZF single-cylinder two-stroke engine, 6.0 kW (8 hp) each
* Main rotor diameter: 8.0 m (26 ft 3 in)
* Propellers: 2-bladed, 0.60 m (1 ft 11 in) diameter
Performance
# Harry Isaacs (boxer)

Harry Isaacs (26 January 1908, in Johannesburg – 13 September 1961) was a South African boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.
In his first Olympic bout, he defeated Aage Fahrenholtz of Denmark in a points decision. In his second Olympic bout, he defeated Canadian boxer Vince Glionna on points. In his third Olympic bout, he lost to John Daley of the United States on a points decision in the semi-final round.
In his last Olympic bout, he took the bronze medal in the bantamweight class after defeating Frank Traynor of Ireland in a points decision.
He died on 13 September 1961 in Johannesburg.

## 1928 Olympic results

Below is the complete record of Harry Isaacs, a South African bantamweight boxer who competed at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics:
* Round of 32: bye
* Round of 16: defeated Aage Fahrenholtz (Denmark) on points
* Quarterfinal: defeated Vince Glionna (Canada) on points
* Semifinal: lost to John Daley (United States) on points
* Bronze Medal Bout: defeated Frank Traynor (Ireland) on points (was awarded bronze medal)
# Nils Häggström

Nils Häggström (4 October 1885 – 15 March 1974) was a Swedish modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
# Crick, Monmouthshire

Crick (Welsh: Crug) is a small village or hamlet in the Welsh county of Monmouthshire, United Kingdom. It is located on the A48 road 1 mile north of the town of Caldicot and 1 mile east of Caerwent.

## History and amenities

The name has the same root as craig or graig in Wales and Carrick (An Charraig) in Ireland, meaning "rock", but possibly refers to the Bronze Age round barrow just west of the village, measuring 31.7m in diameter and the only known bell barrow in Wales. It was excavated in 1940, and found to contain two cremations dating from around 1750-1450 BC. It also contained boulders showing cup marks, which it has been suggested show astronomically significant alignments. There was also evidence of Roman building.
The site of Crick was an important junction on the Roman road sometimes known as the Via Julia which ran from Bath (Aquae Sulis) across the Severn estuary to Sudbrook and on to Caerwent (Venta Silurum) and Caerleon (Isca Augusta), now in Wales. At Crick the route met the roads to Gloucester (Glevum) and Monmouth (Blestium).
There is also evidence of an early Norman motte and bailey castle at Ballan Moor, 550 metres south of the village, probably built by the Ballon family in the late 11th or early 12th century.
There was a chapel - variously referred to as St. Nuvien, Nyfain or Nyvein after the early Monmouthshire saint mentioned in the Book of Llan Dav - which was converted into a barn in the old manor house of Crick. The barn is now St. Nyvern's Chapel House, part of the 16th-century Old Manor Farm. On the Monmouthshire County Council depot site are the remains of a moated platform, believed to be of the 13th-century manor house of William Derneford, lord of Crick. The 18th-century Crick House, south of the A48, now a care home, was the home of John Lawrence, J.P., lord of Langstone and Sheriff of Monmouthshire in 1869.
In July 1645, during the English Civil War, a mediaeval hall at Crick was the site of a key meeting between King Charles, who had been recently defeated at Langport in Somerset, and his nephew and ally Prince Rupert of the Rhine.
David Broome, the former international equestrian show jumper is from the area and runs the David Broome Event Centre at Mount Ballan.
# Rachel Specter

Rachel Specter is an American writer, producer, and actress. She was a producer and writer of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (2015–2019). She began her career as an actress but has since written for TV series like One Tree Hill and Cougar Town, and produced Hyperlinked (2017) and Indebted (2020).

## Life and career

Specter was born in Tampa, Florida. She graduated from the University of Florida, with honors. She played the role of Courtney in The House Bunny, and guest-starred in episodes of How I Met Your Mother, Gilmore Girls, What I Like About You, and Entourage. She has also appeared on Attack of the Show!, The Feed, and the web series Long Distance Relationship.
Before concentrating on behind the scenes work, Specter appeared as one of the actresses for the Sunsilk Color Showdown ad campaign. She was also known for a series of ads for RGX from Right Guard, Procter & Gamble's mid-2000s competitor against Axe, along with ads for Jack Link's Beef Jerky.
Spector launched her writing career when she was 29 along with her partner Audrey Wauchope when they were hired to the staff of One Tree Hill. In 2017, after the show had ended, Wauchope tweeted a thread about sexual harassment and misconduct that both she and Specter experienced on their writing job for One Tree Hill. While she did not name him or the show in the thread, it was confirmed that she was referring to the creator and showrunner of One Tree Hill, Mark Schwann. In another tweet, Wauchope discussed that the day before Spector's wedding, Schwann pulled aside bSpector into his office, closed the door, and asked her if she really wanted to go through with the marriage and asked if he had a chance with her. Her allegations encouraged many other writers and actresses to speak out about sexual harassment they had experienced from Schwann.
In 2018, Specter directed an episode of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, alongside her longtime producing and writing partner Audrey Wauchope. However, due to a Directors Guild of America regulation regarding only established duos being granted directing credit, only Wauchope was able to be credited for the episode, and Wauchope and Rachel Bloom have taken up the cause for Specter to be credited equally for her direction.

## Filmography

* 2007 American Family as Amy Foster – television series
* 2007 My Sexiest Year as Sue Ryker
* 2008 Prom Night as Taylor
* 2008 The House Bunny as Courtney
* 2009 Alone in the Dark II as Natalie
* 2009 Deep in the Valley as Bambi Cummings