# Henry Allen Cooper

Henry Allen Cooper (September 8, 1850 – March 1, 1931) was an American lawyer and progressive Republican politician from Racine County, Wisconsin. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Wisconsin's 1st congressional district for 18 terms, spanning from the 1890s to his death in 1931. He earlier served in the Wisconsin Senate and was district attorney of Racine County.

## Early life

Cooper was born in Spring Prairie, Wisconsin, son of former Free Soil Party State Representative Joel H. Cooper, a physician. In 1851 the family moved to Burlington, Wisconsin. Their house was a station of the Underground Railroad, and in 1852 sheltered fugitive slave Joshua Cooper on his way to Canada. Henry Cooper graduated from Burlington High School in June 1869. After school, Cooper attended Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and graduated in 1873. He then attended Union College of Law, then the legal faculty of Northwestern University and graduated there in 1875. He was then admitted to the bar, practiced in Chicago until 1879 and then commenced practice at Burlington.
Cooper was elected district attorney of Racine County in November 1880 and moved to Racine in January 1881. In 1882 and 1884 he was reelected as district attorney without opposition.

## Political career

In 1884, Cooper served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention, a tradition he would continue in 1908 and 1924. He was subsequently elected to the Wisconsin Senate in 1886 and served in the 1887 and 1889 legislative sessions. He represented Wisconsin's 3rd State Senate district, which then comprised just Racine County. During his time in the State Senate, he authored a bill to introduce the secret ballot in Wisconsin. In 1890 Cooper unsuccessfully ran for election to the fifty-second Congress.
In 1892, Cooper was elected to the fifty-third Congress, running on the Republican Party ticket in Wisconsin's 1st congressional district. He assumed on March 4, 1893. During his time as Congressman, Cooper served as the chairman of the Committee of Rivers and Harbors for the fifty-fifth Congress and the Committee on Insular Affairs for the fifty-sixth Congress through to the sixtieth Congress.
He was also the author of the Philippine Organic Act (1902), and read out the poem Mi último adiós by José Rizal as part of successfully persuading his fellow congressmen to vote for the act. Cooper provided key support for the 1910 bill authorizing construction of the Lincoln Memorial.
On April 5, 1917, he was one of 50 representatives who voted against declaring war on Germany. Partly due to his opposition to American involvement in World War I, Cooper failed to gain reelection to his seat in 1918, finishing his term on March 3, 1919. Overall serving from the Fifty-third Congress to the Sixty-fifth Congress.
After missing a term of Congress, Cooper was once again elected to represent Wisconsin's 1st district in the Sixty-seventh Congress in 1920 and to the five succeeding Congresses. He served until his death in Washington, D.C., on March 1, 1931, which came before he could start his new term (in the seventy-second Congress). He was buried in Mound Cemetery, Racine, Wisconsin.

## Electoral history
### U.S. House of Representatives (1890–1930)

| Year | Election | Date | Elected | Elected | Elected | Elected | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Defeated | Total | Plurality |
| 1890 | General | Nov. 4 | Clinton Babbitt | Democratic | 14,532 | 48.13% | H. A. Cooper | Rep. | 14,209 | 47.06% | 30,191 | 323 |
| 1890 | General | Nov. 4 | Clinton Babbitt | Democratic | 14,532 | 48.13% | Stephen Favill | Proh. | 1,316 | 4.36% | 30,191 | 323 |
| 1892 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 20,222 | 52.26% | Clinton Babbitt (inc) | Dem. | 16,449 | 42.51% | 38,692 | 3,773 |
| 1892 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 20,222 | 52.26% | T. C. Murdock | Proh. | 2,021 | 5.22% | 38,692 | 3,773 |
| 1894 | General | Nov. 6 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 21,972 | 56.70% | Andrew Kull | Dem. | 12,334 | 31.83% | 38,749 | 9,638 |
| 1894 | General | Nov. 6 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 21,972 | 56.70% | Hamilton Utley | Peo. | 2,828 | 7.30% | 38,749 | 9,638 |
| 1894 | General | Nov. 6 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 21,972 | 56.70% | Alex S. Kaye | Proh. | 1,615 | 4.17% | 38,749 | 9,638 |
| 1896 | General | Nov. 3 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 28,235 | 64.11% | Jeremiah L. Mahoney | Dem. | 14,723 | 33.43% | 44,042 | 13,512 |
| 1896 | General | Nov. 3 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 28,235 | 64.11% | George W. White | Proh. | 1,084 | 2.46% | 44,042 | 13,512 |
| 1898 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 19,887 | 61.51% | Clinton Babbitt | Dem. | 11,447 | 35.41% | 32,329 | 8,440 |
| 1898 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 19,887 | 61.51% | John C. Huffman | Proh. | 995 | 3.08% | 32,329 | 8,440 |
| 1900 | General | Nov. 6 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 28,256 | 64.09% | Gilbert T. Hodges | Dem. | 14,556 | 33.01% | 44,091 | 13,700 |
| 1900 | General | Nov. 6 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 28,256 | 64.09% | John R. Beveridge | Proh. | 1,279 | 2.90% | 44,091 | 13,700 |
| 1902 | General | Nov. 4 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 20,437 | 60.69% | Lewis C. Baker | Dem. | 12,122 | 36.00% | 33,672 | 8,315 |
| 1902 | General | Nov. 4 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 20,437 | 60.69% | Thomas W. North | Proh. | 1,111 | 3.30% | 33,672 | 8,315 |
| 1904 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 25,125 | 59.52% | Calvin Stewart | Dem. | 13,379 | 31.69% | 42,212 | 11,746 |
| 1904 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 25,125 | 59.52% | Jacob W. Born | S.D. | 2,461 | 5.83% | 42,212 | 11,746 |
| 1904 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 25,125 | 59.52% | Henry H. Tubbs | Proh. | 1,235 | 2.93% | 42,212 | 11,746 |
| 1906 | General | Nov. 6 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 16,226 | 61.11% | John J. Cunningham | Dem. | 8,818 | 33.21% | 26,553 | 7,408 |
| 1906 | General | Nov. 6 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 16,226 | 61.11% | Moses Hull | S.D. | 1,504 | 5.66% | 26,553 | 7,408 |
| 1908 | General | Nov. 3 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 26,728 | 60.58% | Henry A. Moehlenpah | Dem. | 14,018 | 31.77% | 44,117 | 12,710 |
| 1908 | General | Nov. 3 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 26,728 | 60.58% | William A. Jacobs | S.D. | 1,791 | 4.06% | 44,117 | 12,710 |
| 1908 | General | Nov. 3 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 26,728 | 60.58% | J. H. Berkey | Proh. | 1,576 | 3.57% | 44,117 | 12,710 |
| 1910 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 15,096 | 57.22% | Calvin Stewart | Dem. | 8,606 | 32.62% | 26,384 | 6,490 |
| 1910 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 15,096 | 57.22% | Michael Yabs | S.D. | 1,860 | 7.05% | 26,384 | 6,490 |
| 1910 | General | Nov. 8 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 15,096 | 57.22% | Hans H. Moe | Proh. | 820 | 3.11% | 26,384 | 6,490 |
| 1912 | General | Nov. 5 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 18,914 | 53.15% | Calvin Stewart | Dem. | 13,816 | 38.82% | 35,586 | 5,098 |
| 1912 | General | Nov. 5 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 18,914 | 53.15% | Joseph Orth | S.D. | 1,523 | 4.28% | 35,586 | 5,098 |
| 1912 | General | Nov. 5 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 18,914 | 53.15% | Marcus S. Kellogg | Proh. | 1,333 | 3.75% | 35,586 | 5,098 |
| 1914 | General | Nov. 3 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 16,547 | 58.18% | Calvin Stewart | Dem. | 9,911 | 34.85% | 28,439 | 6,636 |
| 1914 | General | Nov. 3 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 16,547 | 58.18% | John P. Fennell | S.D. | 1,077 | 3.79% | 28,439 | 6,636 |
| 1914 | General | Nov. 3 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 16,547 | 58.18% | Truman Parker | Proh. | 902 | 3.17% | 28,439 | 6,636 |
| 1916 | General | Nov. 7 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 24,851 | 61.56% | Jay W. Page | Dem. | 12,587 | 31.18% | 40,367 | 12,264 |
| 1916 | General | Nov. 7 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 24,851 | 61.56% | William J. Hensche | Proh. | 1,491 | 3.69% | 40,367 | 12,264 |
| 1916 | General | Nov. 7 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 24,851 | 61.56% | Michael Yabs | S.D. | 1,434 | 3.55% | 40,367 | 12,264 |
| 1918 | Primary | Sep. 3 | Clifford E. Randall | Republican | 8,295 | 50.51% | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Rep. | 8,113 | 49.41% | 16,421 | 182 |
| 1918 | General | Nov. 5 | Clifford E. Randall | Republican | 13,177 | 42.28% | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Ind. | 7,718 | 24.77% | 31,164 | 4,159 |
| 1918 | General | Nov. 5 | Clifford E. Randall | Republican | 13,177 | 42.28% | Calvin Stewart | Dem. | 9,018 | 28.94% | 31,164 | 4,159 |
| 1918 | General | Nov. 5 | Clifford E. Randall | Republican | 13,177 | 42.28% | Michael Yabs | S.D. | 1,242 | 3.99% | 31,164 | 4,159 |
| 1920 | Primary | Sep. 7 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 15,282 | 37.63% | Clifford E. Randall (inc) | Rep. | 13,896 | 34.21% | 40,614 | 1,386 |
| 1920 | Primary | Sep. 7 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 15,282 | 37.63% | Charles D. Rosa | Rep. | 7,437 | 18.31% | 40,614 | 1,386 |
| 1920 | Primary | Sep. 7 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 15,282 | 37.63% | F. C. Adams | Rep. | 3,999 | 9.85% | 40,614 | 1,386 |
| 1920 | General | Nov. 2 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 51,144 | 75.88% | Andrew F. Stahl | Dem. | 13,661 | 20.27% | 67,400 | 37,483 |
| 1920 | General | Nov. 2 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 51,144 | 75.88% | Samuel S. Walkup | Soc. | 2,585 | 3.84% | 67,400 | 37,483 |
| 1922 | Primary | Sep. 5 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 27,633 | 68.59% | Lawrence C. Whittet | Rep. | 12,656 | 31.41% | 40,289 | 14,977 |
| 1922 | General | Nov. 7 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 37,958 | 94.44% | Niels P. Nielson | Soc. | 2,179 | 5.42% | 40,191 | 35,779 |
| 1924 | Primary | Sep. 2 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 36,513 | 62.68% | Charles H. Pfennig | Rep. | 21,738 | 37.32% | 58,251 | 14,775 |
| 1924 | General | Nov. 4 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 60,770 | 71.97% | Calvin Stewart | Dem. | 23,612 | 27.97% | 84,433 | 37,158 |
| 1926 | General | Nov. 2 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 50,531 | 99.95% | --unopposed-- | --unopposed-- | --unopposed-- | --unopposed-- | 50,555 | 50,507 |
| 1928 | Primary | Sep. 4 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 41,914 | 82.68% | Richard A. Williams | Rep. | 8,780 | 17.32% | 50,694 | 33,134 |
| 1928 | General | Nov. 6 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 83,064 | 80.17% | William C. Kiernan | Dem. | 20,539 | 19.82% | 103,612 | 62,525 |
| 1930 | General | Nov. 4 | Henry Allen Cooper (inc) | Republican | 46,272 | 95.65% | William C. Kiernan | Dem. | 2,102 | 4.35% | 48,374 | 44,170 |