OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Steve Tovar

Steven Eric Tovar (born April 25, 1970) is an American former football player and coach. He played as a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons with the Cincinnati Bengals, the San Diego Chargers and the Carolina Panthers. He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes and was selected by the Bengals in the third round (59th overall) of the 1993 NFL draft.

## College career

Tovar played at the Ohio State University from 1989 to 1992. Tovar was the first of 21 players recruited by Buckeyes head coach John Cooper to earn All-America status at Ohio State. He led Ohio State in tackles for three-consecutive seasons between 1990 and 1992, and currently ranks fourth in school history with 414 total tackles and 239 solo tackles. In his senior year, Tovar was named Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year (selected by the conference coaches) after recording 128 tackles. He was three-time All-Big Ten selection, and a twice first-team All-American selection in 1991 and 1992. As a senior, Tovar was elected team co-captain alongside quarterback Kirk Herbstreit.
Tovar was inducted into the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame in 2001.

## Professional career

Tovar was selected in the third round (59th overall) by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1993 NFL draft. He had an eight-year career in the National Football League (NFL), playing five years with the Bengals, two with the San Diego Chargers, and one with the Carolina Panthers.

## Coaching career
### Army Black Knights

Tovar spent the 2004 and 2005 football seasons with the Army Black Knights as the linebackers coach, under head coach Bobby Ross.

### Miami Dolphins

In 2006 he joined the Miami Dolphins staff under head coach Nick Saban as a defensive assistant coach.

### Kansas Jayhawks

In 2007, Tovar joined the coaching staff of the Kansas Jayhawks under head coach Mark Mangino as the linebackers coach. Following the 2008 season, on January 10, 2009, Tovar resigned and was replaced by Bill Miller.
# Biernaty, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

Biernaty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lidzbark, within Działdowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
# San Vittore Prison

San Vittore is a prison located in the city center of Milan, Italy. Its construction started in 1872 and was opened on 7 July 1879. The prison has place for 600 inmates, but it had 1036 prisoners in 2017.

## History

The construction of the new prison was decided after the Italian unification, together with other infrastructure improvement works in Milan in the period between the unification and the city's first town plan of 1889. Until then, were detained in several other structures not designed as prisons, among them the former Sant'Antonio Abate convent, in the Courthouse and in the former San Vittore convent.
For the construction of the new structure the government acquired terrains in the outskirts of the city, in a sparsely developed area at that time. The building, designed by the engineer Francesco Lucca, takes inspiration from the 18th century Panopticon, with 6 wings with three floors each. The perimeter walls were originally built in medieval style, but they have almost all been rebuilt with modern standards for security reasons.

### Fascist occupation

During Fascism occupation the San Vittore Prison was used as a house for every enemy (political or war enemy). Since Germans took over the power in Italy, in 1943, a lot of changes happened in the prison, until the big riots happened in April 1946.

### German occupation

During the German occupation in World War II (1943 – 1945) the prison was partly subject to German jurisdiction, with the SS in control of one of the wings. The prison gained notoriety during the war through the inhumane treatment of inmates by the SS guards and the torture carried out there. On 10 August 1944 15 captured partisans held at the prison, hand picked by Theo Saevecke, head of the Gestapo in Milan, were publicly executed at Piazzale Loreto and left on display, as a reprisal for a partisan attack on a German military convoy.
The prisons served as a way station for Jews arrested in northern Italy, which would be brought to San Vittore Prison and, from there, to Milano Centrale railway station, from where they would be loaded into freight cars on a secret track underneath the station.
On March 9 2020 inmates climbed onto the roofs and set fire to cells amid chaos in prisons sparked by the government new restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Notable inmates

* Mike Bongiorno, television host. Detained for 7 months in 1943 before being transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp.
* Indro Montanelli, journalist and historian, shared prison cell with Bongiorno.
* Gaetano Bresci, anarchist, detained from 29 July to 5 November 1900.
* Renato Vallanzasca, Italian criminal.
* Fabrizio Corona, television personality.
* Patrizia Reggiani, ex-wife of Maurizio Gucci.
* Dorothy Gibson, American actress and Titanic survivor; escaped the prison with Montanelli and General Bartolo Zambon
* Antonio Gramsci, Italian Marxist intellectual.
# Yūki Fujikura

Yūki Fujikura (藤倉 勇樹, Fujikura Yūki, October 23, 1979) is a Japanese retired professional shogi player who achieved the rank of 5-dan.

## Early life and apprenticeship

Yūki Fujikura was born on October 23, 1979, in Shinjuku, Tokyo. He was accepted into the Japan Shogi Association's apprentice school at the rank of 6-kyū as a student of shogi professional Noboru Sakurai [ja] in 1992, was promoted to 1-dan in 1998, and finally obtained full professional status and corresponding rank of 4-dan in October 2002 after winning the 31st 3-dan League (April 2002 – October 2002) with a record of 13 wins and 5 losses.

## Shogi professional

Fujikura retired from professional shogi on May 19, 2022. He finished his career with a record of 168 wins and 236 losses.

### Promotion history

The promotion history for Fujikura is as follows:
* 6-kyū: 1992
* 1-dan: 1998
* 4-dan: October 1, 2002
* 5-dan: April 22, 2012
* Retired: May 19, 2022
* 6-dan: April 1, 2024
# Leica M-D (Typ 262)

The Leica M-D (Typ 262) was a digital rangefinder camera released by Leica Camera on 28 April 2016. The M-D is the second digital camera in the Leica M mount line-up without the rear LCD screen. The first such camera was the Leica M Edition 60 that founded on 16 September 2014, and was released to mark the sixtieth anniversary of its Leica M rangefinder system. Only 600 of these models were made, and were sold for about $18,000/£12,000. The M-D however was a full production model. The camera went on sale in May 2016 with a price of $5995/£4650.
Functionally the Leica M-D is almost exactly the same as the Leica M (Typ 262), but without the rear screen and menu buttons. Leica says the camera is designed for the ‘essentials of photography’, or ‘Das Wesentliche’, and that it should help photographers concentrate on the important elements of image making rather than distracting camera functions. The photographer controls only the aperture, shutter speed and ISO settings. Instead of the rear screen is the ISO settings dial in silver, which harks back to the Leica film rangefinders. The camera only records DNG Raw image format.
The M-D features a 24 Megapixels CMOS sensor and an ISO range of 200–6400. The camera's top and bottom plates are made of brass. The viewfinder contains a magnification of 0.68x and offers bright frame markings for 35/135mm, 28/90mm and 50/75mm lenses. The camera does not include the Leica 'red dot' logo, as the company wanted the camera to be as discreet as possible for street photography. The single frame shutter is particularly quiet.
# Habitat (film)

Habitat is a 1997 science fiction film produced for the direct-to-video market and shown on the Sci Fi Channel. The film's message is largely one of ecological warning, mixed with science fiction elements of genetic engineering, family angst and redemption. It is the only theatrical movie filmed in Sony's early analog High Definition format. Sony donated the equipment and technical support in an attempt to popularize the format. The High Definition video was then transferred to film for release. The film won a Global Film Critics Award for Best Cinematography.

## Plot

In a future where the Earth's ozone layer is severely decreased in size, the Symes family is on the run from the father's former employers and the government. Hank Symes a molecular biologist, has become so obsessed with saving the world that he has placed his entire family's lives in danger. They stop in a desert community to hide out and continue work when a terrible accident occurs that transforms Hank into a fantastic ethereal lifeform and begins changing the house into a huge botanical biosphere entity which has the ability to threaten all who enter.
Their son Andreas, however, is experiencing things from a teenager's point of view and doesn't know how he will be able to attend the local school, let alone fit in with any of the local kids as they all see him as some weirdo that just wandered into town. No matter what Andreas feels, his father is still around him, changing things for him and others and eventually even Andreas will come to see that in this strange time he is living that miracles still can happen.

## Cast

* Balthazar Getty .... Andreas Symes
* Tchéky Karyo .... Hank Symes
* Alice Krige .... Clarissa Symes
* Kenneth Welsh .... Coach Marlowe
* Laura Harris .... Deborah Marlowe
* Brad Austin .... Blaine
* Christopher Heyerdahl .... Eric Thornton (as Chris Heyerdahl)
* Kristen Holden-Ried .... Daryl (as Kris Holdenried)
* Daniel Pilon .... Strickland
# Column (database)

In a relational database, a column is a set of data values of a particular type, one value for each row of a table. A column may contain text values, numbers, or even pointers to files in the operating system. Columns typically contain simple types, though some relational database systems allow columns to contain more complex data types, such as whole documents, images, or even video clips. A column can also be called an attribute.
Each row would provide a data value for each column and would then be understood as a single structured data value. For example, a database that represents company contact information might have the following columns: ID, Company Name, Address Line 1, Address Line 2, City, and Postal Code. More formally, a row is a tuple containing a specific value for each column, for example: (1234, 'Big Company Inc.', '123 East Example Street', '456 West Example Drive', 'Big City', 98765).

## Field

The word 'field' is normally used interchangeably with 'column'. However, database perfectionists tend to favor using 'field' to signify a specific cell of a given row. This is to enable accuracy in communicating with other developers. Columns (really column names) being referred to as field names (common for each row/record in the table). Then a field refers to a single storage location in a specific record (like a cell) to store one value (the field value). The terms record and field come from the more practical field of database usage and traditional DBMS system usage (This was linked into business like terms used in manual databases e.g. filing cabinet storage with records for each customer). The terms row and column come from the more theoretical study of relational theory.
Another distinction between the terms 'column' and 'field' is that the term 'column' does not apply to certain databases, for instance key-value stores, that do not conform to the traditional relational database structure.
# Brożówka

Brożówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kruklanki, within Giżycko County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of Giżycko and 103 km (64 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
# Calling My Spirit

"Calling My Spirit" is a song recorded by American rapper Kodak Black for his second studio album Dying to Live. It was released on November 30, 2018, via Atlantic Records and WEA, with production by Southside and Jake One.

## Background

The song was released as the fourth single for the album, following preceding singles "If I'm Lyin, I'm Flyin", "Zeze" and "Take One". HotNewHipHop described the song as Black baring "his soul over emotional guitar licks. He speaks to himself, and battles his own inner turmoil by pinpointing the proper way to move."

## Composition

Described as being "powered by heavy bass hits and smooth guitar strings", the song is lyrically said to be about Black's troubling past and his appreciation for current successes. Hip Hop Corner France said that the song is a return of Black to "a style of his own" which is his way of mumble rap singing "that stretches the words, giving him nonchalant air that works so much." A song representing Black in "a more reflective mood" and a show of his "spiritual side driven by smooth melodies and punchy drum work", Rap-Up called the song an introspection of Black who "raps over a stripped-down instrumental".

## Music video

The music video was released a week after the song's release. Featuring a two-minute clip of Kodak "looking at the prison system in the United States", the official music video for the song was released on December 5, 2018. It was noted by XXL Mag for having "a variety of messages". Noted as having "trippy visuals" by HotNewHipHop, the video shows Kodak sitting on a throne while being surrounded by women. In another scene, a man is shown having handcuffs placed on his wrists in prison. Later, Kodak appears as a God-like figure surrounded by white clouds before putting together his hands to pray.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Barbara Bartuś

Barbara Halina Bartuś née Gurbisz (born 3 July 1967 in Gorlice) is a Polish politician, a Member of Polish Parliament from 4th to 10th Sejm.

## Life and education

Bartuś graduated from Stanisław Wyspiański High School in Biecz. In 2000 she graduated from the University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska in Lublin from a faculty of Law and Administration (Rzeszów section) with a degree of Master of Administration and in 2003 from a Faculty of Law at University of Rzeszów with a degree of Master of Law.
Until 1999 she belonged to Christian National Union. From 1999 she worked in Social Insurance Institution (ZUS). She was a councillady of Gmina Lipinki during its 2nd tenure. In January of 2005 she became a member of Law and Justice. In 2006 she was chosen to be a member of council of Gorlice County. In 2009, 2014 and 2019 she tried unsuccessfully to become a member of the European Parliament.
During the 2007 Polish parliamentary election she became a Member of Parliament from the Law and Justice electoral list. She stood for Sejm Constituency no. 14 and got 10,856 votes. in the 2011 Polish parliamentary election she got 14,652 votes, which again made her an MP During the 2015 Polish parliamentary election she became an MP for the third time. During the 2019 Polish parliamentary election and 2023 Polish parliamentary election she got also reelected, getting respectively 23,468 and 21,250 votes.

## Personal life

She is married (to Adam Bartuś), and has 2 daughters.
# Differential technological development

Differential technological development is a strategy of technology governance aiming to decrease risks from emerging technologies by influencing the sequence in which they are developed. Using this strategy, societies would strive to delay the development of harmful technologies and their applications while accelerating the development of beneficial technologies, especially those that offer protection against harmful technologies.

## History of the idea

Differential technological development was initially proposed by philosopher Nick Bostrom in 2002 and he applied the idea to the governance of artificial intelligence in his 2014 book Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. The strategy was also endorsed by philosopher Toby Ord in his 2020 book The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, who writes that "While it may be too difficult to prevent the development of a risky technology, we may be able to reduce existential risk by speeding up the development of protective technologies relative to dangerous ones."

## Informal discussion

Paul Christiano believes that while accelerating technological progress appears to be one of the best ways to improve human welfare in the next few decades, a faster rate of growth cannot be equally important for the far future because growth must eventually saturate due to physical limits. Hence, from the perspective of the far future, differential technological development appears more crucial.
Inspired by Bostrom's proposal, Luke Muehlhauser and Anna Salamon suggested a more general project of "differential intellectual progress", in which society advances its wisdom, philosophical sophistication, and understanding of risks faster than its technological power. Brian Tomasik has expanded on this notion.
# Mountain pass theorem

The mountain pass theorem is an existence theorem from the calculus of variations, originally due to Antonio Ambrosetti and Paul Rabinowitz. Given certain conditions on a function, the theorem demonstrates the existence of a saddle point. The theorem is unusual in that there are many other theorems regarding the existence of extrema, but few regarding saddle points.

## Statement

The assumptions of the theorem are:
* $I$ is a functional from a Hilbert space H to the reals,
* $I\in C^{1}(H,\mathbb {R} )$ and $I'$ is Lipschitz continuous on bounded subsets of H,
* $I$ satisfies the Palais–Smale compactness condition,
* $I[0]=0$,
* there exist positive constants r and a such that $I[u]\geq a$ if $\Vert u\Vert =r$, and
* there exists $v\in H$ with $\Vert v\Vert >r$ such that $I[v]\leq 0$.
If we define:
    $\Gamma =\{\mathbf {g} \in C([0,1];H)\,\vert \,\mathbf {g} (0)=0,\mathbf {g} (1)=v\}$
and:
    $c=\inf _{\mathbf {g} \in \Gamma }\max _{0\leq t\leq 1}I[\mathbf {g} (t)],$
then the conclusion of the theorem is that c is a critical value of I.

## Visualization

The intuition behind the theorem is in the name "mountain pass." Consider I as describing elevation. Then we know two low spots in the landscape: the origin because $I[0]=0$, and a far-off spot v where $I[v]\leq 0$. In between the two lies a range of mountains (at $\Vert u\Vert =r$) where the elevation is high (higher than a>0). In order to travel along a path g from the origin to v, we must pass over the mountains—that is, we must go up and then down. Since I is somewhat smooth, there must be a critical point somewhere in between. (Think along the lines of the mean-value theorem.) The mountain pass lies along the path that passes at the lowest elevation through the mountains. Note that this mountain pass is almost always a saddle point.
For a proof, see section 8.5 of Evans.

## Weaker formulation

Let $X$ be Banach space. The assumptions of the theorem are:
* $\Phi \in C(X,\mathbf {R} )$ and have a Gateaux derivative $\Phi '\colon X\to X^{*}$ which is continuous when $X$ and $X^{*}$ are endowed with strong topology and weak* topology respectively.
* There exists $r>0$ such that one can find certain $\|x'\|>r$ with
    $\max \,(\Phi (0),\Phi (x'))<\inf \limits _{\|x\|=r}\Phi (x)=:m(r)$.
* $\Phi$ satisfies weak Palais–Smale condition on $\{x\in X\mid m(r)\leq \Phi (x)\}$.
In this case there is a critical point ${\overline {x}}\in X$ of $\Phi$ satisfying $m(r)\leq \Phi ({\overline {x}})$. Moreover, if we define
    $\Gamma =\{c\in C([0,1],X)\mid c\,(0)=0,\,c\,(1)=x'\}$
then
    $\Phi ({\overline {x}})=\inf _{c\,\in \,\Gamma }\max _{0\leq t\leq 1}\Phi (c\,(t)).$
For a proof, see section 5.5 of Aubin and Ekeland.
# Cigánd District

Cigánd (Hungarian: Cigándi járás) is a district in north-eastern part of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. The district seat is in a town that is called Cigánd as well. The district is located in the Northern Hungary Statistical Region.

## Geography

Cigánd District borders with the Slovakian region of Košice to the north, Záhony District (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County) to the east, Kisvárda District and Ibrány District (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County) to the south, Sárospatak District and Sátoraljaújhely District to the west. The number of the inhabited places in Cigánd District is 15.

## Municipalities

The district has 1 town, 1 large village and 13 villages. (ordered by population, as of 1 January 2012)
* Bodroghalom (1,303)
* Cigánd (2,682) – district seat
* Dámóc (397)
* Karcsa (1,734)
* Karos (496)
* Kisrozvágy (121)
* Lácacséke (264)
* Nagyrozvágy (609)
* Pácin (1,381)
* Révleányvár (469)
* Ricse (1,661)
* Semjén (446)
* Tiszacsermely (554)
* Tiszakarád (2,279)
* Zemplénagárd (722)
The bolded municipality is city, italics municipality is large village.

## Demographics

Religion in Cigánd District (2011 census)
In 2011, it had a population of 16,042 and the population density was 41/km².
| Year | County population | Change |
| 2011 | 16,042 | n/a |

### Ethnicity

Besides the Hungarian majority, the main minority is the Roma (approx. 3,000).
Total population (2011 census): 16,042 Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 17,333 persons:
* Hungarians: 14,606 (84.27%)
* Gypsies: 2,646 (15.27%)
* Others and indefinable: 81 (0.47%)
Approx. 1,500 persons in Cigánd District did declare more than one ethnic group at the 2011 census.

### Religion

Religious adherence in the county according to 2011 census:
* Reformed – 7,958;
* Catholic – 3,770 (Roman Catholic – 2,510; Greek Catholic – 1,260);
* other religions – 438;
* Non-religious – 1,419;
* Atheism – 21;
* Undeclared – 2,436.

## Gallery

* Gates of Town Hall in Cigánd
* Mágóchy Castle in Pácin
* Sheperd Well (Ricse)
* Tisza river near Cigánd