OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leila Holterhoff

Leila Holterhoff (October 29, 1885 – February 21, 1968) was an American soprano concert singer from Los Angeles, California, who later (as Leila Mosher) became a psychoanalyst, translator, and philanthropist.

## Early life

Leila S. Holterhoff was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in the West Adams district in Los Angeles, the daughter of Godfrey Holterhoff Jr. and Louise Schaeffer Lewis Holterhoff. Her father was a railroad, oil, and banking executive. Her aunt, Ida Holterhoff Holloway, was a notable painter based in Ohio.
Leila Holterhoff was blind from infancy. She attended the Marlborough School in Los Angeles. She studied piano as a girl, but concentrated on voice and languages when she traveled to Paris, Florence, and Berlin for further studies, especially with Edgar Stillman Kelley. She also earned a California teaching certificate in Latin.

## Career

Holterhoff performed to acclaim in Berlin in 1910. In 1911 she gave a series of concerts to benefit the Grand Ducal Institute for the Blind. On her return to North America, Holterhoff performed across the United States in 1910s, sometimes billed as "the Helen Keller of music. After her Chicago debut at the Ziegfeld Theatre in 1917, where a reporter found "the quality of the voice is exceedingly sweet and this – coupled with an engaging gentleness of manner in the singer combines to make her thoroughly charming."
Later in 1917, she gave a concert at Aeolian Hall in New York to benefit "blind soldiers in France". She became interested in helping disabled veterans more directly. After studying medicine and psychology at Columbia University and earning a medical degree in the 1920s, Leila Mosher earned another professional degree from the University of Vienna. She co-authored a book in French with René Maublanc, on blindness. Using her fluency in European languages, she worked as a translator at the First International Conference for the Blind in New York in 1931, sponsored by the American Foundation for the Blind. Also in 1931, she also worked with the League of Nations in Geneva, for the International Bureau of Labor, on immigration issues.

## Personal life

She was married twice, first to Bernard George Heyn in 1923; they divorced in 1925. Her second marriage was to Evan Royal Mosher by 1927. She and Mosher adopted two children, Ann and Allen. Leila Holterhoff Mosher died in 1968, aged 82 years, in Coronado, California.
# Jennie Mannheimer

Jennie Mannheimer (January 9, 1872 – May 26, 1943), also known professionally as Jane Manner, was an American elocutionist, acting coach, and teacher of speech and drama.

## Early life

Mannheimer was born in New York City, the daughter of Louise Herschman Mannheimer and Sigmund Mannheimer. Her mother was a writer, translator, and inventor born in Prague, and her German-born father was a professor and librarian at Hebrew Union College. Both of her brothers became rabbis. Mannheimer was one of the first two women to earn a bachelor's degree in Hebrew Letters from Hebrew Union College, in 1888; she also earned degree from the University of Cincinnati, in 1892.

## Career

Mannheimer was director of the drama department at the Cincinnati College of Music from 1900 until 1907. She also ran her own school, the Cincinnati School of Expression (1894-1912). In 1914, she went traveling in Europe with her brother, only to encounter difficulty as the First World War began. Her letters home to Cincinnati were quoted in the newspaper as first-hand accounts of the volatile situation.
Mannheimer moved to New York, where she performed dramatic readings, including at a Red Cross benefit during World War I. She opened the Jane Manner Studio to teach acting. She also wrote several texts on the topic, including The Silver Treasury of Prose and Verse for Every Mood (1934), and the Junior Silver Treasury (1938).
She was founder of the Drama Recital Club, and a member of the New York Drama League, the New York League of American Pen Women, the Council of Jewish Women, and the Temple Emmanu-El Women's Auxiliary.

## Personal life

Mannheimer died in 1943, aged 71 years. Her papers were donated to the American Jewish Archives by her sister Edna B. Manner in the 1960s.
# Antonette Ruth Sabel

Antonette Ruth Sabel (April 23, 1894 – April 6, 1974), also seen as Antoinette Ruth Sabel, was an American music educator, composer, and arts administrator. She founded and directed the first "municipal bureau of industrial music" in the United States, in Los Angeles, California.

## Early life

Antonette Ruth "Nettie" Sabelwitz had her early education in Wisconsin, with further musical studies in Chicago. Her sister Elsbeth Sara Sabel Mahan was also in music education, as head of the music department at the Washington State normal school in Ellensburg, Washington.

## Career

Sabel was head of the music department at Pasadena High School until she resigned in 1919. In 1918, she was chosen to dress as the Statue of Liberty and sing "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the Rose Bowl, an early instance of the national anthem being performed at American football events. Later in 1918, she became the second woman commissioned by the War Department as "camp musical director", when she served in that position at the Arcadia Balloon Camp and March Field in Riverside, California.
In 1921, Sabel established a "municipal bureau of industrial music", tasked with developing musical groups among the city's workers, including choruses, glee clubs, brass bands, and orchestras. It was the first endeavor of its kind in the United States, and was commended by the Secretary of Labor and the National Federation of Music Clubs. The bureau operated under the auspices of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, as "a wholesome outlet for expression of the individual", intended to improve workplace morale and efficiency. She directed a "Pageant of Progress" for "Theodore Thomas Day" in 1922. She compiled a booklet about the bureau's work, Culture and the Community (1927), as a record and a guide for other municipalities. She also served as executive secretary of the Los Angeles Music Federation, and in that work led fundraising for summer concerts at the Hollywood Bowl.
Songs composed by Sabel included "We're One for Uncle Sam" (1917, with words by Robert Freeman). Although she wrote and performed popular music, she considered jazz music "sordid" and did not include jazz in concerts performed under her bureau's direction.

## Personal life

Antonette Sabel married lawyer Walter Kilbourne Tuller in 1930, as his second wife. She was widowed when he died in 1939. Antonette Ruth Sabel died in 1974, just before her 80th birthday.
# Grace Filkins

Grace Filkins (June 3, 1865 – September 16, 1962) was an American stage actress.

## Early life

Grace Sweetman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father was a rabbi.

## Career

Filkins started performing in variety shows, and in the companies of Augustin Daly and Helena Modjeska.
She had a long career on Broadway, appearing in shows from 1894 to 1931, including The Passing Show (1894), The Royal Box (1897-1898), The Brixton Burglary (1901), The Lady Across the Hall (1905), The School for Husbands (1905), The Daughters of Men (1906-1907), The Third Degree (1909), Drifting (1910), Rita Coventry (1923), Head or Tail (1926), and finally appearing in In the Best of Families (1931). "I would be glad to be called an intellectual actress," she told an interviewer in 1910. "I should like to deserve to be called that." In 1900, a non-alcoholic cocktail was named for Grace Wilkins, consisting of lemon juice and sarsaparilla.
She left the Rosina Vokes Company in 1892, and sued them for lost salary, citing mistreatment by fellow actor Felix Morris. She later sued actress Marie Dressler and her husband, and playwright Preston Gibson.
She was active and visible as a military wife, even as she continued her career on the stage. She spoke of becoming a Red Cross nurse in 1898. In 1909 she was appointed to head a women's committee working to raise the Maine. She took several years' leave from the stage and traveled to the Philippines while her husband was stationed there.

## Personal life

Grace Sweetman was married and widowed twice, and had one daughter. Her first husband was Robert J. Filkins, a theatrical manager; she was widowed when he died in 1886. Her second husband was Adolph Marix, a naval officer; they married in 1896. She was widowed again when Adolph died in 1919. Grace Filkins died in 1962, aged 97 years, in New York City. Her gravesite is with her second husband's, in Arlington National Cemetery.
Grace Filkins' daughter, Lydia Filkins, married conductor Nikolai Sokoloff in 1911; they divorced in 1936.
# Placida Gardner Chesley

Placida Gardner Chesley (August 22, 1879 — April 9, 1966) was an American medical doctor and college professor. She was the City Bacteriologist of Los Angeles, and worked in Europe with the Red Cross during World War I.

## Early life

Vera Placida Gardner was born in Orange, California, the daughter of Henri F. Gardner and Emma Howard Gardner. She attended Santa Ana High School, and completed undergraduate studies the University of Southern California, graduating in 1910. She earned her medical degree at the University of Michigan, where she was elected to the medical honor fraternity Alpha Omega Alpha.

## Career

Gardner taught pathology, toxicology, physiology, histology, and chemistry at the University of Southern California. She was also on staff at Los Feliz Hospital. In January 1917 she was appointed to the office of City Bacteriologist with the Health Department of the City of Los Angeles. She and her sister Margaret Gardner (a lawyer) went to France in 1918 with the Stanford Women's Relief Unit, along with Clelia Duel Mosher and others. Placida Gardner supervised sanitary conditions in Red Cross canteens. She described her experiences working with the Red Cross on embarkation at St. Nazaire in an essay for the Stanford Illustrated Review.
She advised on hospital and laboratory rebuilding, cholera prevention, and vaccine production as head of Red Cross Laboratories in Warsaw, Poland during the postwar period. Of the University of Warsaw Research Laboratory, which she oversaw, the Iowa Medical Society assured its members that "It is the finest in Poland, and one of the most complete and up-to-date in the world.... No gift of the American people to suffering Poland is more valuable than this great hospital laboratory."

## Personal life

Placida Gardner met Lt. Col. Albert Justus Chesley, a fellow American doctor, while working in France. They married while still abroad, in 1920. After returning to the United States later that year, they lived in his hometown, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Their daughter Louise was born in 1924, when Placida was 45 years old. Placida Gardner Chesley was widowed when Albert died in 1955. She died in 1966, aged 86. Her remains were buried with her husband's, at Fort Snelling National Cemetery in Minneapolis.
The Albert J. and Placida Chesley Papers are archived at the Minnesota Historical Society.
# KFC Pakistan

KFC Pakistan is the Pakistani franchise of KFC which operates 128+ locations across Pakistan with 10,000 employees. Its first restaurant was established in Karachi in 1997.

## History

KFC was introduced to Pakistan through the Belgian Artal group in June 1997, seeing initial success in Karachi. However, following Pakistan's 1998 nuclear tests and ensuing US sanctions, KFC faced operational challenges due to its import-dependent supply chain. This resulted in ownership transferring to the Cupola Group in 2001.
By 2014, the brand faced challenges, prompting Yum! Brands to introduce managerial changes. Based on AC Nielsen research, KFC adjusted its market positioning and pricing, and updated its outlets and digital platforms.

## Food items

KFC Pakistan's menu consists of burgers, sandwiches, fried chicken, nuggets, hot wings, French fries, rice dishes, twister wraps and drinks. KFC in Pakistan introduced a new food item named "Zingeratha" which is a fusion of the Zinger and paratha, a traditional bread in Pakistan. In January 2020, KFC Pakistan introduced Thai sweet chili wings and Buffalo wings.

## Incidents

The American-based KFC branches became targets during anti-American protests in 2005, resulting in the burning of the Gulshan-e-Iqbal branch, and the tragic deaths of six people. This prompted the franchise to rebrand itself as a Pakistani-run business.
As per local journalist from Mirpur Khas, KFC Mirpur Khas branch was robbed by some gunmen in 2023 at late night.

## Gallery

* Inside KFC, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore
* KFC, D Ground, Faisalabad, c. 2009
* KFC at Super Market in Islamabad, c. 2008
* KFC Jhelum Cantt, c. 2008
# Otto Wöhler

Otto Wöhler (12 July 1894 – 5 February 1987) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He rose to a corps and army level commander.
Wöhler was implicated in Einsatzgruppen activities while serving as Chief of Staff of the 11th Army in early 1942. After the war, he was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity in the High Command trial and sentenced to 8 years. He was released in February 1951.

## World War II

Wöhler fought in World War I and served in the post-war Reichswehr and in then the Wehrmacht in several staff roles. Between October 1940 and May 1942, Wöhler served as chief of staff of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein's 11th Army. In this capacity Wöhler cooperated closely with the Einsatzgruppe D under Otto Ohlendorf. At one point, he requested that all watches belonging to the killed Jews be turned over to the army.
Wöhler was then appointed chief of staff of Army Group Center under Field Marshal Günther von Kluge. Wöhler’s first combat command was I Army Corps which he led from February to August 1943, before being given command of the 8th Army in August 1943. In December 1944 he was appointed commander of Army Group South.

## Trial and conviction

Wöhler was investigated by the Allies after the war and was implicated in Einsatzgruppen activities while serving as Chief of Staff of the 11th Army in early 1942. In the pre-trial interrogations, he admitted that Manstein awarded Iron Crosses to Einsatzgruppen men and described the cooperation with the Einsatzgruppen as "generally free of friction".
He was tried by a U.S. Military Tribunal at Nuremberg ("High Command Trial" No. XII). At trial Wöhler denied knowledge of the Einsatzgruppen functions and any complicity in helping to carry their actions. He was convicted of implementing the Barbarossa Jurisdiction Order, which allowed the murder of civilians on the pretext of counteracting partisan activity Wöhler was also found guilty of deportations of civilians for slave labor and cooperation with Einsatzgruppen.
Wöhler was sentenced to eight years imprisonment in October 1948. During the 1949 sentence review, his sentence was confirmed with no changes. Based on the sentence having been backdated to 1945, he was released in February 1951 on good time credit grounds.

## Awards

* 1914 Iron Cross: 2nd Class (1914); 1st Class (1916)
* German Cross in Gold on 26 January 1942 as Oberst in the General Staff of AOK 11
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
** Knight's Cross on 14 August 1943 as General of the Infantry and commander of I Army Corps
** Oak Leaves on 28 November 1944 as General of the Infantry and commander of the 8th Army
# To the Earth

To the Earth is a light gun shooter video game developed by Cirque Verte and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was released in November 1989 in North America and in Europe on February 23, 1990. It uses the NES Zapper to destroy ships and gain power-ups. The enemy spacecraft require good reflexes and aiming.

## Gameplay

The object of the game is to destroy incoming enemy spacecraft, bombs, missiles, and asteroids without destroying friendly vessels. Due to the very quick enemy ships and asteroids, the game is considered to be one of the most challenging NES Zapper games. The shield of the player's spacecraft constantly goes down with each missed shot at an enemy. Players can use a powerful bomb to destroy everything on screen, shoot a comet power-up that grants temporary protection from a limited number of hits, and a shield-repairing item dropped off by a friendly spacecraft. Game bosses are fought at the end of each level as the player moves through the Solar System. When the player reaches the Earth level, the player must battle and destroy the final boss, who is an alien named Nemesis. The goal is to retrieve vials of medicine and deliver them to the Earth while preventing Nemesis from passing through the planet's atmosphere.
The level locations are Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, and Earth. At the conclusion, the player receives a congratulation message from Nester, who is the president of the terrestrial federation.

## Story

Taken directly from the American release of the game:
    "It's 2050. The Ragossians have invaded the earth with a dastardly bacteriological weapon! The human race is facing the danger of extinction. You are on a special mission to bring the antibacterial agent from the Neptune-Terrestrial Allied Force base, 'Triton', to the Earth. You must break through the invaders' cordon. Time is limited! The fate of the earth is in your hands. Save it!"

## Reception

The game only received a few mixed reviews upon its release. The German publication Power Play gave the game a 36 out of 100 when it rated it in 1990. Brett Alan Weiss from Allgame said that the game requires full concentration and good shooting skills, but called it entertaining.
# Barrows of Tasmola

Saka kurgans :
SalbykArzhanPazyrykIssykBoraldayTaksaiEleke SazyTasmolaIngalaTillya Tepe :
| Arzhan-1 | c. 800 BCE |
| Shilikty | c. 700 BCE |
| Arzhan-2 | c. 650 BCE |
| Bes Shatyr | c. 550 BCE |
| Taksai | c. 500 BCE |
| Ingala | c. 500 BCE |
| Tasmola | 7th-5th centuries BCE |
| Boralday | c. 600-400 BCE |
| Salbyk | c. 600-400 BCE |
| Eleke Sazy | c. 600-400 BCE |
| Berel-1 | c. 350 BCE |
| Pazyryk-1,2 | c. 300 BCE |
| Berel-11 | c. 300 BCE |
| Issyk | c. 400-200 BCE |
| Tillya Tepe | 1st century BCE |
vte :
The Barrows (or Tumuli) of Tasmola are dispersed throughout central Kazakhstan in the Karaganda, Akmola, and Pavlodar regions.

## Site description

Originating in the Saka period (7th to 3rd Centuries BC), the various barrows of the Tasmola culture can be found throughout the valleys of central Kazakhstan. The sites are characterized by stone complexes with up to four stone barrows, menhirs (single or in groups), and two curved ranges that can each stretch 50 to 200 m long (unique to Tasmola structures). The ranges appear to line up in accordance to equinoctial, solstitial or midsummer sunrise points. Archaeological finds in the barrows themselves can include pottery, horse skeletons, and fire pit remains. Over 300 of such barrows have been identified in Kazakhstan, of which only a small number have been archaeologically excavated.
The last characteristic Tasmola kurgans seem to date to the 5th–4th century BCE.

## World Heritage Status

This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on September 24, 1998 in the Mixed (Cultural + Natural) category. (see List of World Heritage Sites in Kazakhstan)
* Tasmola culture artifacts
* Tasmola culture arrowheads and artifacts
* Location of the Tasmola kurgan
# Balint Society

The Balint Society, founded in the UK in 1969, is a supportive and collaborative medical organization of clinicians and teachers who emphasize the importance of the use of emotion and personal understanding in the doctor's work and the therapeutic potential of the doctor-patient relationship. The society was created to continue the efforts of Enid and Michael Balint, who set up a school in the 1950s to educate other doctors about the patient-doctor relationship.
The society's international affiliates are registered with the International Balint Federation.

## Balint groups

A Balint group is a group of clinicians who meet regularly and present cases to each other to discuss. The aim is a group process of exploration and for the medical participants to transform uncertainty and difficulty in the doctor-patient relationship into a greater understanding and meaning that nurtures a more therapeutic alliance between clinician and patient.
# Samson and Delilah (1922 film)

Samson und Delila is an Austrian silent film, premiered in Vienna on 25 December 1922. It was released in the United Kingdom in October 1923 as Samson and Delilah. The film, the first to be made at the Rosenhügel Film Studios, which were still under construction at the time, was directed by Alexander Korda under the aegis of the Vita-Film company and was among the first epic films to be made in Austria.

## Cast

* María Corda - Julia Sorel / Delila,
* Franz Herterich - Prince Andrei Andrewiwitch/Abimelech
* Ernst Arndt - Cassari, Impresario
* Oskar Hugelmann - Ship's cook
* Alfredo Boccolini - Samson
* Franz Hauenstein - Ebn Ezra, Samson's friend
* Paul Lukas - Ettore Ricco, tenor
The leading roles were played by Korda's wife, María Corda (Delila, and the opera singer Julia Sorel); Franz Herterich (Abimelech, King of the Philistines, and Prince Andrej Andrewiwitsch); Paul Lukas (Ettore Ricco, opera singer); and Ernst Arndt (Cassari, and theatre impresario). Samson himself, who features comparatively little, was played by Alfredo Galoar aka Alfredo Boccolini. Other parts were played by Oscar Hugelmann and Franz Hauenstein.

## Crew

The director was Alexander Korda on one of his earlier films, subcontracting to Vita-Film. He also contributed to the screenplay, on which other writers were Sydney Garrick and Ladislao Vajda. Cinematography and camera work were under Nicolas Farkas, Maurice Armand Mondet, and Josef Zeitlinger. Karl Hartl, at the beginning of his career, was assistant director and also editor. The set builder was Alexander Ferenczy and the special effects were provided by the pyrotechnician Oscar Wallenbach, while the costume design and wardrobe were provided by Remigius Geyling and Alexander Konja.

## Release dates

The film's German language release was in Vienna on 25 December 1922. It opened in Finland on 10 September 1923, in the UK in October 1923 and at Osaka in Japan on 18 June 1925. It was released in the United States in 1931, after being provided with a soundtrack.

## Critics

Reception was reasonably positive, although the actor playing Samson was not thought to be convincing. More serious criticism was aimed at the film's structure, which was not considered to tie the modern storyline and the Biblical storyline together sufficiently.
# Fall Weiss (1939)

Fall Weiss ("Case White", "Plan White"; German spelling Fall Weiß) was the German strategic plan for the invasion of Poland. The German military High Command finalized its operational orders on 15 June 1939 and the invasion commenced on 1 September, precipitating World War II.

## Background

The origins of the plan went back to 1928, when Werner von Fritsch started working on it. Fall Weiss was developed primarily by Günther Blumentritt and Erich von Manstein while the two were serving as staff officers under General Gerd von Rundstedt with Army Group South in Silesia.

## Details

The plan called for a start of hostilities before the declaration of war. Wehrmacht units were to invade Poland from three directions:
* A primary attack from the German mainland across the western border of Poland.
* A secondary attack from the north, from the exclave of East Prussia.
* A tertiary attack by German and allied Slovak units across the border of Slovakia.
All three assaults were to converge on Warsaw while the main Polish army was to be encircled and destroyed west of the Vistula River.
The plan was initiated on 1 September 1939 and was the first European military operation of World War II.