OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edwin Smith (astronomer)

Edwin Smith (April 13, 1851 - December 1, 1912) was an American astronomer, and a founding member of the Cosmos Club and National Geographic Society.

## Early life

Edwin Smith was born in New York City on Sunday, April 13, 1851, and was raised during the Gilded Age. He was the fourth son of six children born to Edwin, a city surveyor, and Adelia Olivia Smith (née McIntyre). His paternal grandfather George B. Smith, brother of Theophilus W. Smith, was the long time agent for John Jacob Astor. George B., his grandfather, and his father Edwin were witnesses for the publication of John Jacob Astor's will on December 30, 1836.
He attended the College of the City of New York.

## Career
### Transit of Venus

On April 8, 1874, it was announced that Edwin was chosen as "chief of party" to lead an expedition to Chatham Island, New Zealand, to study the Transit of Venus.
On January 10, 1875, Edwin and his party returned to Otago aboard the steam ship USS Swatara Letters by Edwin, dated January 15, were received in Washington, D.C., and were reprinted in newspapers.
In April 1882, Edwin, attended a meeting of the National Academy of Sciences.
In July 1882, he was in New Zealand.

### Alaskan expedition

On March 31, 1905, Edwin left Washington, D.C., bound for Seattle, Washington, on route to Alaska. He arrived in Skagway, Alaska on June 24, after passing though Juneau.
Edwin returned home in April 1906.
On July 30, 1906, Edwin arrived in Spokane on his way to Alaska. The goal of the trip was to identify the exact boundary between the United States and Canada.

## Personal life

Edwin and his wife Lucy had six children, Edwin (born in 1886), Lucy (born in 1888). They moved to Rockville, Maryland in 1890, and had Theron (born in 1890), twins Duncan and Ralph (born in 1892), and Harold (born in 1894).
In 1896, Edwin left to visit New York for a month.
In August 1906, Edwin attended a "baby party," where everyone present wore "genuine baby pattern garments."
Edwin was acquainted with James Veirs, and attended a dinner he hosted at Montgomery Country Club. Edwin would also play euchre at the country club.
He was a co-founder of the Cosmos Club and served on its "House committee".
Edwin died December 1, 1912.
# Kamienica Dolna

Kamienica Dolna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzostek, within Dębica County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Brzostek, 17 km (11 mi) south of Dębica, and 49 km (30 mi) west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Billy Rogers (footballer)

Billy Rogers (1905–1936) was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales national football team, playing 2 matches. He played his first match on 25 October 1930 against Scotland and his last match on 22 November 1930 against England.

## Career

He played 2 matches for the Wales national football team in the British Home Championship. He played his first match on 25 October 1930 against Scotland at Ibrox, drawing 1–1, and his second on 22 November 1930 against England at Wrexham's Racecourse Ground, losing 4–0.
He had been previously picked for the FAW's uncapped tour of Canada in 1929.
He started his career as an amateur at Flint Town. He signed professional terms with Wrexham in 1926, and played for them from 1926 until 1931. He was a member of the FAW Welsh Cup-winning side of 1931.
He subsequently played for Newport County, Bristol Rovers, and Clapton Orient, whom he left for Bangor City, a non-league team, at the end of the 1933–34 season.

## Later life and death

He was unknowingly diagnosed with Hodgkin's Disease in 1931, a terminal cancer, which contributed to his death in January 1936 from tuberculosis, aged 30.
During the period from 1931 to 1934 he continued to play professionally unaware of his condition, with only his wife being informed. He left behind his wife, Gwennith, and a two month old son Billy.

## Honours

Wrexham
* Welsh Cup winner: 1930–31
# Rubens Charles Maciel

Rubens Charles Maciel (born December 24, 1979), aka "Cobrinha" and sometimes referred to as Rubens "Cobrinha" Charles, is a Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) competitor. He is considered the best featherweight in the decade and to be among the best pound for pound jiu jitsu competitors in the world. Cobrinha is a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu under Fernando "Terere" Augusto and a member of Alliance Jiu Jitsu. Cobrinha has won a total of six world championship titles in Brazilian jiu-jitsu as a black belt in the featherweight (or lightweight) category. He started training BJJ in 2000, received his black belt in 2005, and has since medaled in every World Jiu-Jitsu Championship in which he has competed - a total of ten. He is known for his attacking style of jiu jitsu and, in particular, for his guard. His guard was voted the best Guard of the Decade by fellow World Champions.
Before opening his own school Cobrinha BJJ in Los Angeles, California, in 2011, he was an instructor at the Alliance Jiu Jitsu headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. One of his notable students is Fabricio Werdum. On January 24, 2022, Cobrinha was announced as the tenth member of the inaugural class of the ADCC Hall of Fame.

## Championship record
### IBJJF World Championships

* 2017 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* 2016 - Black Belt -70kg: 3rd Place
* 2015 - Black Belt -70kg: 2nd Place
* 2014 - Black Belt -70kg: 2nd Place
* 2013 - Black Belt -70kg: 3rd Place
* 2012 - Black Belt -70kg: 2nd Place
* 2011 - Black Belt -70kg: 3rd Place
* 2010 - Black Belt -70kg: 2nd Place
* 2009 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* 2008 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* 2007 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* 2006 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place

### IBJJF World No-Gi Championships

* 2012 - Black Belt -76kg: 1st Place
* 2011 - Black Belt -76kg: 1st Place
* 2008 - Black Belt -76kg: 1st Place
* 2007 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place

### IBJJF Pan American Championships

* 2017 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* o/000162/pt-BR/Resultados.pdf 2013 - Black Belt -70 kg: 2nd Place
* 2012 - Black Belt -70kg: 2nd Place
* 2010 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* 2009 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* 2009 - Black Belt -Open Weight: 3rd Place
* 2008 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* 2007 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place

### IBJJF Pan American No-Gi Championships

* 2008 - Black Belt -76kg: 1st Place

### IBJJF European Championships

* 2017 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place
* 2013 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place

### IBJJF Brazilian National Championships

* 2017 - Black Belt -70kg: 1st Place

### ADCC 2017 Abu Dhabi Combat Club : Finland

* -66 kg: 1st place

### ADCC 2015 Abu Dhabi Combat Club : Sao Paulo

* -66 kg: 1st place

### ADCC 2013 Abu Dhabi Combat Club : Beijing

* -66 kg: 1st place

### ADCC 2011 Abu Dhabi Combat Club : Nottingham

* -66 kg: 2nd place

### ADCC 2009 Abu Dhabi Combat Club : Barcelona

* -66 kg: 2nd place

### World Professional Jiu-Jitsu Cup

* 2011 - Black Belt -Absolute: 2nd Place
* 2011 - Black Belt -74kg: 3rd Place
* 2009 - Black Belt -65kg: 2nd Place
# Gavar State University

Gavar State University (GSU) (Armenian: Գավառի Պետական Համալսարան) is a university in Gavar, Gegharkunik Province, Armenia. Founded on 5 May 1993, it is the largest university in the Gegharkunik Province with 4 faculties. The University provides degrees in Philology, Natural Sciences, Humanities and Economics. Currently, more than 2,400 students are attending the university.
Currently, the rector of the university is the founder Dr. professor Hrant Hakobyan.

## Faculties

As of 2017, the university is home to 4 faculties:
* Faculty of Philology
** Section of Armenian Language and Literature
** Section of Russian Language and Literature
** Section of Foreign Languages
* Faculty of Natural Sciences
** Section of Geography
** Section of Biology and Ecology
** Section of Informatics and Physical Mathematics
* Faculty of Humanities
** Section of Law
** Section of History
** Section of Public Sciences
* Faculty of Economics
** Section of Management and Finance
** Section of Accounting
# Kuh-e Chuk Shakh

Kuh-e Chuk Shakh is a mountain of the Hindu Kush mountain range in Badakhshan province in northeastern Afghanistan.
# Y16

Y16 may refer to:

## Train stations

* Banqiao station, in Taipei, Taiwan
* Daikokuchō Station, in Naniwa-ku, Osaka, Japan
* Nagatachō Station, in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
* Shin-Hiro Station, in Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
* Takase Station (Kagawa), in Japan

## Other uses

* Y-16 Salon Advanced Landing Ground, now Salon-de-Provence Air Base in France
* Youth Bandy World Championship Y16
# Gaëlle Solal

Gaëlle Solal (born 21 September 1978) is a French female classical guitarist.

## Biography

Born in Marseille in 1978, Solal began her musical studies at the age of 6 with Christian Bullot and Sylvain Cinquini then with René Bartoli at the Conservatoire de Marseille. At 14, she was unanimously awarded three gold medals (guitar, musical training, chamber music) and the 1st Grand Prix of the city of Marseille. At the age of 16, she entered the Conservatoire de Paris where she obtained the 1st Prize for guitar unanimously as well as the cycle of perfection with Roland Dyens. From the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln with Roberto Aussel [de] to the Université du Québec in Montréal with Alvaro Pierri, her training is enriched by the master classes by A. Dumond, Carel Harms, Oscar Ghiglia, A. Goni and Leo Brouwer and Joaquin Clerch.
1st Grand Prize of the Michele Pittaluga International Classical Guitar Competition (first French woman to win it), 2nd Prize of the prestigious Guitar Foundation of America, she was finalist at the Concert Artists Guild Competition in New York, winner of the Beracasa, Meyer, Contestabile Foundations. She then began an international career: Festival de Radio France in Montpellier, Flâneries musicales de Reims, Festival de Torroella de Montgrí, Salle Cortot, Théâtre de la Villette, Cité de la Musique, Purcell Room in London. Tours will follow in India, Africa, Southeast Asia, United States, Mexico, Canada and Germany. She has given concerts in about thirty countries. She performs in solo recital as well as in duo within the Astor duo (from 1996 to 2005), as a chamber musician with clarinet (Florent Héau, Antonio Salguero), violin (Marina Chiche), flute (Alfonso Rubio), bandoneon (Jérémy Vannereau), string quartet (Cuarteto Arcadia), with the Chœur Nicolas de Grigny [fr], the contemporary music ensemble "Zahir" and as a soloist with the Turin Philharmonic Orchestra, the French Republican Guard Band and the Berkeley Symphony Orchestra.
Passionate about contemporary music, she has performed Maurice Ohana's Concerto for the first time in Italy, the world premiere of N. Sekiya's Concerto with Kent Nagano, the premiere of three new pieces at the Córdoba Festival, the world premiere of a piece for clarinet and guitar by Félix Ibarrondo with Florent Héau.
Solal divides her time between concerts, master classes and international competition juries; she has taught at the Conservatories of Cordoba (2003 to 2004) and Seville (2004 to 2009).

## Awards

* 1998: 1st Frenchwoman to win the 1st prize of the Michele Pittaluga International Classical Guitar Competition
* 2006: 2nd prize of the Guitar Foundation of America

## Other formations

* Duo bandonéon/guitare with Jérémy Vannereau
# Kamienne

Kamienne is an abandoned village in the Lesser Beskid mountains in the administrative district of Gmina Bukowsko, within Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.
Kamienne is situated below the main watershed at the foot of the Słonne Mountain, and has an elevation of 340 metres, about 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Sanok. It is located about halfway between Bukowsko and Płonna.

## History

Kamienne was founded in 1550 by Polish nobleman Mikołaj Herburt Odnowski [pl], when it formed part of the Kingdom of Poland. Following the First Partition of Poland, in 1772, it was annexed by Austria. By the second half of the 19th century, the village had been bought by Leopoldyna Horodyńska.
Following World War I, Poland regained independence and control of the village. Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the village was occupied by Germany. The village was burned down in the spring 1946 by the Polish Army after its Ukrainian population had been forced to relocate to Soviet Ukraine by Polish Army. From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Krosno Voivodship. The small shrine in Kamienne is very hard to get to. One has to hike through underbrush up a hill to get to it on top of needing an off-road vehicle to get to what is left of the village. The few standing buildings are just used now for hunting cabins. The small cemetery in Kamienne has no headstones but the graves are quite noticeable.
# Reg Dyer

Reg Dyer (1900–1990) was an English footballer who played as a defender. He played a total of 147 matches in the Football League for Bristol City and Fulham.

## Career

Dyer had been playing in the Bristol Downs League with Ashton City when in 1920 he joined Bristol City. He made his league debut on 18 February 1922 in a Second Division match, a 1–0 defeat to Sheffield Wednesday, in what was his only appearance that season, after which Bristol City relegated. The club bounced straight back as 1922–23 season Division Three South champions with Dyer playing in 17 league matches. He played a similar number the following season as Bristol City were again relegated and after 14 appearances in the following 1924–25 season Dyer, who had never established himself as a regular starter, was signed in the summer of 1925 by Fulham of the Second Division.
Dyer played in 80 league matches during his first 3 seasons in the Second Division with Fulham before they were relegated at the end of the 1927–28 season. Playing with Fulham in the Division Three South he made 17 appearances in the 1928–29 season and only one more appearance during the next campaign after which he was not retained by the club.
In September 1930 Dyer moved into non-league football when he was reported as joining Western League club Yeovil and Petters United. In December 1930 Dyer played for Southern League Bath City's reserve team whilst attached to the Army at Aldershot and had previously played in France with Moules. His next club in England was Tunbridge Wells Rangers of the Kent League for the 1931–32 season. In late 1932 Dyer played on a trial basis with another Kent League club Ashford.
# DKC

DKC may refer to:
* Donkey Kong Country, a video game
** Donkey Kong Country (series), a video game series
** Donkey Kong Country (TV series), a television series based on the video games
* Dyskeratosis congenita, a genetic disease
* Dyskerin, a gene also known as DKC1
* DKC (company), a public relations company
# Masaru Yamada

Masaru Yamada (山田優, Yamada Masaru, born 14 June 1994) is a Japanese right-handed épée fencer, 2016 team Asian champion, 2019 individual Asian champion, and 2021 team Olympic champion.
Along with Koki Kano, Kazuyasu Minobe, and Satoru Uyama, Yamada was a member of the Japanese team that won gold in the team men's épée event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. It was Japan's first Olympic gold medal in fencing.

## Medal record
### Olympic Games

| Year | Location | Event | Position |
| 2021 | Tokyo, Japan | Team Men's Épée | 1st |

### World Championship

| Year | Location | Event | Position |
| 2022 | Cairo, Egypt | Team Men's Épée | 3rd |

### Asian Championship

| Year | Location | Event | Position |
| 2014 | Suwon, South Korea | Team Men's Épée | 3rd |
| 2015 | Singapore | Team Men's Épée | 3rd |
| 2016 | Wuxi, China | Team Men's Épée | 1st |
| 2017 | Hong Kong, China | Team Men's Épée | 3rd |
| 2019 | Tokyo, Japan | Individual Men's Épée | 1st |
| 2022 | Seoul, South Korea | Team Men's Épée | 3rd |

### Grand Prix

| Date | Location | Event | Position |
| 2020-01-24 | Doha, Qatar | Individual Men's Épée | 3rd |
| 2020-03-06 | Budapest, Hungary | Individual Men's Épée | 1st |

### World Cup

| Year | Location | Event | Position |
| 2024-05-17 | Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France | Individual Men's Épée | 2nd |
| 2024-02-22 | Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany | Individual Men's Épée | 1st |
| 2023-11-10 | Bern, Switzerland | Individual Men's Épée | 3rd |
# Flower of the North

Flower of the North is a surviving 1921 American silent northwoods drama film directed by David Smith and produced and distributed by the Vitagraph Company of America. It starred Henry B. Walthall and Pauline Starke and is based upon the novel of the same name by James Oliver Curwood.

## Cast

* Henry B. Walthall as Philip Whittemore
* Pauline Starke as Jeanne D'Arcambal
* Harry Northrup as Thorpe
* Joe Rickson as Pierre
* Jack Curtis as Blake
* Emmett King as D'Arcambal
* Walter Rodgers as MacDougal
* William McCall as Cassidy
* Vincente Howard as Sachigo

## Preservation

The film is preserved in a splendid print at Filmmuseum EYE Institut Netherlands with Dutch language intertitles.
# Emma Gramatica

Emma Gramatica (born Aida Laura Argia Gramatica; 25 October 1874 – 8 November 1965) was an Italian stage and film actress. She appeared in 29 films between 1919 and 1962. She was born in Borgo San Donnino, today Fidenza, province of Parma and died in Ostia. Her sisters Irma and Anna were also actresses.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1916 | Quando il canto si spegne | |
| 1932 | The Old Lady | La signora Maria |
| 1933 | La fortuna di zanze | Zanze |
| 1937 | Marcella | La baronessa Contuni |
| 1938 | Naples of Olden Times | Maddalena Errante |
| 1938 | Destiny | Damigella di Bard |
| 1938 | Jeanne Doré | Jeanne Doré |
| 1938 | La Damigella di Bard | Maria Clotilde di Bard |
| 1939 | The Widow | Adelaide, moglie di Alessandro |
| 1939 | Piccolo hotel | Marta Toth |
| 1941 | Mamma | Matilde Sarni, madre di Mario |
| 1942 | Yes, Madam | Lucia Robbiano |
| 1942 | Vertigine | Letizia, sua sorella |
| 1943 | The White Angel | La marchesa Anastasia Carani |
| 1944 | The Materassi Sisters | Carolina Materassi |
| 1945 | L'angelo del miracolo | |
| 1946 | Voglio bene soltanto a te | Elvira, madre di Enzo |
| 1948 | My Poor Beloved Mother | |
| 1951 | Mi vida por la tuya | Emma Alberti |
| 1951 | Miracle in Milan | La vecchia Lolotta |
| 1954 | Peppino e la vecchia signora | signora Ricciardi |
| 1956 | Le Secret de sœur Angèle | Soeur Thérèse |
| 1956 | I giorni più belli | La maestra Assunta Giannelli |
| 1961 | Don Camillo: Monsignor | Desolina, la vecchia |
| 1962 | La monaca di Monza | Badessa Anziana |
| 1962 | Il mio amico Benito | Madre di Giuseppe |
# Mini and the Mozzies

Mini and the Mozzies (Danish: Cykelmyggen og Minibillen) is a 2014 Danish animated children's film directed by Flemming Quist Møller and Jannik Hastrup from a screenplay by Møller, based on the eponymous series of children's books by Møller. Produced by Dansk Tegnefilm, Mini and the Mozzies was released in Danish theatres on 12 June 2014 by Nordisk Film Distribution.
# Julia Middleton

Julia Mary Middleton (née Morland; 21 April 1958) is the founder of Women Emerging in the UK. She is also the founder and former chief executive officer of Common Purpose, an international charity that runs leadership development programmes.
She is a campaigner for the progression of diverse leaders in civil society.

## Early life and education

Born in Lambeth, London, Middleton is the daughter of Agnes (née Whowell) and Eric Morland. Middleton was educated at the lycée Français in France and New York before earning an Economics degree from the London School of Economics.

## Career

In 1980, Middleton began her career at the Industrial Society, where she created Head Start, a programme providing high school dropouts with training and advice from prospective employers.
In the autumn of 1988, Middleton formed Common Purpose, an organization that hosts leadership development courses. The group runs local leadership courses in cities across the world, as well as global programmes for leaders from over 100 countries across six continents.
In 2020, Middleton formed another organisation, Women Emerging, and in 2022, she launched the Women Emerging Expedition, to find an approach to leadership that resonates with women. She also launched a podcast which documents the experiences of the women taking part in the programme.
Middleton is a member of the board of trustees for Alfanar, a venture philanthropy fund, the International Advisory Council for Fundação Dom Cabral, and is a Goodwill Ambassador of the Aurora Forum.
She was also involved in the founding of the Media Standards Trust, a charity that runs Journalisted, a free online journalist portfolio, DEMOS, a UK-based think tank, and Impetus Trust, which develops venture philanthropy in the UK.
In 2019, Middleton handed over the role of CEO of Common Purpose, although she is still involved in the organisation.
In 2020, she founded a social initiative called ‘’Women Emerging from Isolation’’.

## Literature

In 1982, Middleton wrote a book called Quality Circles, published by the Industrial Society in London.
She also wrote the foreword to the book How to be an even better chair: Sensible Advice from the Public & Charity Sectors, written by Sophie Petit-Zeman.
In February 2007, Middleton's book Beyond Authority: Leadership in a Changing World was published by Palgrave Macmillan, and she recorded a meet-the-author video.
In 2010, it was translated into Hungarian and published by HVG Konyvek.
In 2014, Middleton wrote "Cultural Intelligence: CQ: The Competitive Edge for Leaders Crossing Borders" published by Bloomsbury and she recorded a video about why she wrote it. In late 2014, a paperback version was published for the Indian market.

## Personal life

Julia Middleton married Rupert Middleton in 1984; they have two sons and three daughters.
# Paul de Bruyn

Paul de Bruyn (October 7, 1907 – April 5, 1997) was a German athlete.
Born in Weserdeich (Berne, Germany) he became a Navy sailor and settled in New York City, where he started long distance running. He became the first runner from outside North America to win the Boston Marathon in 1932. De Bruyn defeated defending champion Jimmy Henigan in 2:33:36, pulling ahead through the final two miles of the race and winning with a margin of 56 seconds.
De Bruyn went on to participate in the marathons of the 1932 and the 1936 Summer Olympics. He finished 15th in 1932 and gave up at km 35 in 1936. Not fitting into the training regimen of German athletics he returned to the United States, quit road racing, married and became a U.S. citizen. As volunteer at the Navy in World War II, he was severely injured by an exploding ship's propeller in October 1945.
After the war he worked as engineer in New York City. In 1967 he retired and moved to Florida, where he kept himself fit by long hiking tours and swimming. He became an honorary member of the Daytona Beach Track Club and was subsequently commemorated by the Paul deBruyn Memorial 30K road race, which is held annually in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. One year after he was invited to the 100th edition of the Boston Marathon, he died in Daytona Beach, Florida.
# Sarah Hillary (artist)

Sarah Hillary (born 1956, Auckland) is a New Zealand artist and art gallery conservator. She is the daughter of the New Zealand mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary. She had also detected a forgery of a Gottfried Lindauer painting.
Her art practice was creating miniatures size of matchboxes.
During 1998, there was a robbery at Auckland Art Gallery, Still on Top by James Tissot was stolen and severely damaged. The painting was restored by a team led by Hilary.
In 2013, Hilary treated and conserved objects for her father's exhibition, From the Summit - Hillary's Enduring Legacy at Auckland Museum.
In 2019, another notable work she conserved was Colin McCahon’s Upland Road Chapel windows that garnered media attraction in New Zealand.
In 2024, Hilary announced her retirement after spending 40 years in Auckland Art Gallery, over 25 years of which was Principle Conservator.

## Publications

Hillary's publications are:
* The Back of the Painting: Secrets and Stories from Art Conservation (2021)