OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sanford's white-eye

Sanford's white-eye (Zosterops lacertosus) is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Nendo Island. It is named after Leonard Cutler Sanford, a trustee of the American Museum of Natural History.
Z. lacertosus is monotypic (there are no subspecies).

## Appearance

The Sanford's white-eye's average size is 15-16cm. It also has a narrow white eyering, making the eyes pop, and brown tails. Both males and females look the same. Its brown-feathered body has an olive wash on the throat. It has straw light yellow legs. It is primarily recognized for its distinctive white rings around its eyes, which is a common feature in the white-eye family. The white-eye family is also known for being very social. It typically has olive-green plumage with yellowish tones on its underparts.

## Habitat and diet

The Sanford's white-eye is found in habitats such as degraded forests, primary forests, forest edges, and secondary growth. It prefers areas with dense forest cover, which provide plenty of food and shelter. Because of this, it is classified as near threatened because its habitat quality is declining due to commercial logging. It sometimes feeds on tropical fruit and eats in the canopy and middle story. They primarily feed on insects, nectar, and small fruits, making it an important species for pollination and seed dispersal in its ecosystem.

## Behavior

They are known for their rapid movements as they fly through the trees in search of food. They forge in pairs. When in flocks, they frequently make a basic “chirp” noise and sometimes mix with other bird species. They have distinctive high-pitched, melodious calls. These vocalizations are used for communication within flocks and between mates, especially during breeding season. Their songs help to establish territories and attract mates.

## Population and reproduction

The Sanford's white-eye's population size is unknown due to continued commercial logging in the Solomon Islands. Continued commercial logging as well as energy mining in the Solomon Islands is the biggest threat to this species. During their breeding season they build nests in tall trees and typically lay 2-4 unspotted blue eggs per clutch.
# Grazing (human eating pattern)

Grazing is a human eating pattern characterized as "the repetitive eating of small or modest amounts of food in an unplanned manner throughout a period of time, and not in response to hunger or satiety cues".
Two subtypes of grazing have been suggested: compulsive and non-compulsive. Compulsive grazing is accompanied by the feeling that the person is not able to resist going back to repetitively snack on the desired food. Non‐compulsive grazing is repetitively eating in a distracted and mindless way, without paying much attention to what is eaten.

## Background

The term "grazing" has been widely used by the general population in reference to a repetitive eating pattern. The scientific literature began to investigate this concept because of its extensive use and apparent association with weight gain. Several terms such as picking, nibbling, and snacking have been used indiscriminately in the literature to characterize grazing-type patterns of repetitive eating in humans. In 2014, Eva Conceição and colleagues proposed a consensual definition for grazing based on the opinion of various experts in the field.
Grazing seems to be related to loss of control over eating and can be conceptualized on the spectrum of disordered eating behaviors. It is considered as a risk behavior for adults undergoing weight loss treatment due to its associations with Body Mass Index and a great variability on weight-loss trajectories after bariatric surgery. It is thought to be present in up to 26.4% of bariatric patients pre‐operatively and in 46.6% after bariatric surgery. Specifically, compulsive grazing appears to be linked to eating disorder psychopathology.

## Repetitive eating questionnaire

The repetitive eating questionnaire (Rep(eat)-Q) is a 12-item self-report measure developed by Conceição, E. and colleagues to assess grazing eating patterns in adolescents and adults.
The Rep(eat)-Q is based on the consensual definition proposed by the authors and generates two subscales: 1) repetitive eating, and 2) compulsive grazing. Respondents rate the frequency of grazing eating behaviors in the previous month using a Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (every day). Scores are calculated as the mean of the scale items and the total Rep(eat)-Q score can range from 0 to 6. The Rep(eat)-Q is worded in English, Portuguese (European and Brazilian), and Norwegian.
# Scaled fruiteater

The scaled fruiteater (Ampelioides tschudii) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae. It is the only member of the genus Ampelioides. This bird is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, where its natural habitat is the high elevation tropical forests of the Andes mountains. The Scaled Fruiteater is a chunky, short-tailed, flat-headed bird measuring 19-20 cm in length. It uses its green scaled feather pattern to blend in with the dense vegetation of the South American rainforest.

## Physical characteristics

The scaled fruiteater is characterized by its olive-green plumage with fine scaling on the chest and belly. The Scaled Fruiteater has a short and sharp beak, specialized for eating fruits, seeds, and insects. Males have an all-black head, display a more vibrant green color on their bodies, and have longer tails than females.

## Distribution and habitat

The scaled fruiteater is found in the montane forests of the Andes mountains. They inhabit dense rainforests where they stay below the canopy, often near streams or other water sources. This species is found at high elevations, ranging from 1,000 to 3,500 meters (3,280 to 11,482 feet) above sea level.

## Behavior and ecology

Scaled fruiteaters feed on a variety of fruits and berries that are unique to the South American mountain ranges. They supplement their diet with insects during the breeding season when protein-rich food is essential for raising young. These birds are known for their camouflage ability, utilizing their green scales to remain hidden within the dense vegetation. The Scaled Fruiteater is non-migratory and will stay in the Andes region year-round.

## Reproduction

During the breeding season, males establish territories and attract female mates through vocalizations and aerial displays. The nest is a shallow cup constructed from plant fibers where Females will typically lay two eggs, which are incubated for about two weeks. Both parents participate in feeding and caring for the chicks until they develop wings large enough for flight.

## Conservation status

The scaled fruiteater is considered a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). While the bird continues to thrive, populations may be declining due to habitat loss caused by deforestation and human development. Conservation efforts focus on preserving and restoring their forest habitats and raising awareness about the importance of protecting these unique birds and their ecosystems.

## Cultural Significance

Scaled fruiteaters have captured the interest of birdwatchers and ecotourists, attracting visitors to the Andean regions where they are found. Their unique appearance and elusive behavior make them a sought-after sighting for bird enthusiasts. Because of their elusiveness there is a lack of research and knowledge on these birds.
# Vayavyastra

Vayavyastra (Sanskrit: वायव्यास्त्र, romanized: Vāyavyāstra) is a celestial weapon (astra) in Hindu mythology. Named after and attributed to the wind god Vayu, the weapon is referenced in various Hindu texts, such as the Mahabharata and the Puranas.
# Southern silvery kingfisher

The southern silvery kingfisher (Ceyx argentatus) is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae that is endemic to the Philippines found in Mindanao and Basilan. This species and the northern silvery kingfisher, found in the Visayas, were formerly considered conspecific and called the silvery kingfisher.Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, streams and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
In the Philippines, it is called kasay-kasay, and figures in the legend concerning the discovery of the Catholic image of Our Lady of Caysasay.

## Description and taxonomy

EBird describes the bird as "A small, dashing kingfisher of forested lowland and foothill streams and ponds on Mindanao and neighboring islands. Overall dark blue in color, slightly paler below, with a white throat and belly, a white patch behind the cheek, and a white spot behind the nostril. Note the pale silvery-blue stripe down the back to the tail, the whitish flecks on the head and wing, and the bright red legs. Unmistakable. Voice is a simple, high-pitched 'tseep'." often given in flight.
It is differentiated from its northern counterpart by its bluish-white throat, cheek and belly versus the cream-coloured parts of the Northern silvery kingfisher. It also is greenish blue on belly and flanks and is slightly larger. This species is monotypic and has no subspecies.

## Ecology and behavior

Diet consists of small fish and crabs. Has aloso been recorded feeding on insects. Perches on a low branch beside a stream and dives in to catch its prey then returns to its perch.
Not much is known about its breeding behaviour but juveniles and nests have been seen from February to May. Nests in streamside banks.

## Habitat and conservation status

It appears to be reliant upon forested streams below 1,000 m and will tolerate secondary and selectively logged forest and even streamside vegetation within coconut plantations, close to forest edge.
IUCN has assessed this bird as near threatened with the population being estimated at 1,500 to 7,000 mature individuals. This species' main threat is habitat loss with wholesale clearance of forest habitats as a result of logging, agricultural conversion and mining activities occurring within the range.
Extensive lowland deforestation throughout its range is the chief threat. Most remaining lowland forest is leased to logging concessions or mining applications. Watercourses with high siltation loads, resulting from deforestation, appear not to hold the species, and riverine pollution is likely to have a similar impact. Forest at Bislig (Mindanao) is being cleared under concession and re-planted with exotic trees for paper production. Conversion of terminalia forest into rice fields and oil palm plantation is driving habitat loss elsewhere.
# Let Me Go (Hailee Steinfeld and Alesso song)

"Let Me Go" is a song by American singer Hailee Steinfeld and Swedish record producer Alesso, featuring American country music duo Florida Georgia Line and American singer-songwriter Watt. It was written by Ali Tamposi, Brian Lee, Jamie Lidell, Alesso and Watt, with production handled by the latter two. The song was released through Republic Records on September 8, 2017.

## Background

On September 5, 2017, Republic Records confirmed the forthcoming collaboration, and revealed its release and radio airplay date. On September 7, 2017, Steinfeld posted teasers on social media, officially announcing the song's release date.

## Composition

"Let Me Go" is a tropical house and pop song, with country influences. It is composed in the key of both B-flat dorian and A-flat major with a tempo of 100-104 beats per minute.

## Critical reception

David Rishty of Billboard called the song an "eye-popping collaboration", and felt it "has all the right ingredients for its lyrics to quickly get stuck in your head". Kat Bein of the same publication deemed it "a radio-ready pop ballad", "a feel-good breakup song with pop and country crossover". He opined that it "drips with tropical coconut notes with central vocals from Steinfeld and a strong backup from Florida Georgia Line", and sounds similar to Kygo's 2016 song "Carry Me". Brittany Provost of EDMTunes called it "a surprisingly very catchy and upbeat track". Kelly Brickey of Sounds Like Nashville felt it "bops like the next big club hit with FGL and Steinfeld trading off verses for an up-tempo love song".

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* Hailee Steinfeld – vocals
* Alesso – songwriting, production, keyboard, percussion, programming
* Ali Tamposi – songwriting, background vocals
* Andrew Watt – songwriting, production, background vocals, bass, guitar, percussion
* Brian Lee – songwriting, background vocals
* Jamie Lidell – songwriting
* Johannes Raassina – engineering
* Brian Kelley – vocals
* Tyler Hubbard - vocals
* Serban Ghenea – mixing

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | 5× Platinum | 350,000$^‡$ |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | 2× Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 4× Platinum | 320,000$^‡$ |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000$^‡$ |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 200,000$^‡$ |
| Italy (FIMI) | Platinum | 50,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | 4× Platinum | 120,000$^‡$ |
| Portugal (AFP) | Gold | 5,000$^‡$ |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Gold | 30,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 600,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| Streaming |||
| Sweden (GLF) | 2× Platinum | 16,000,000$^†$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. $^†$ Streaming-only figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Various | September 8, 2017 | Digital download | Republic |
| United States | September 12, 2017 | Contemporary hit radio | Republic |
| Italy | September 29, 2017 | Contemporary hit radio | Universal |
# Anthony Wood (businessman)

Anthony J. Wood (born December 4, 1965) is an English-born American billionaire businessman who is the founder, Chairman and CEO of Roku, Inc. In April 2021, he owned 15% stake in Roku, and had a net worth of US$7.2 billion.

## Personal life

Wood was born and grew up in Manchester, England, followed by the State of Georgia in the U.S. At the age of 13, he moved to the Netherlands with family, and then lived in Texas in the U.S.
In 1984, when Wood was a teenager, he published "Lunar Lander" in the Ahoy! magazine. He earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Texas A&M University. It was there that Wood met his wife, Susan, who was studying environmental design. The couple has three children, and reside in Palo Alto, California.

## Career

While in college, Wood founded his first company, "AW Software", to sell computer programs. He also founded "SunRize Industries" while studying engineering, developing software and hardware for the Amiga. After graduating, he founded "SunRize version 2". Later, in 1995, Wood launched another company, "iBand", which was bought by Macromedia for $36 million. Wood became the vice president of Internet Authoring at Macromedia.
Wood left Macromedia in September 1997 to launch ReplayTV, a digital video recorder (DVR) maker. Wood began working on the DVR development reportedly after being "frustrated" at missing episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation. Features introduced by ReplayTV included ad-skipping, rewinding and pausing live television. Wood sold ReplayTV in 2001 to SONICblue Incorporated for US$42 million.
In 2002, Wood founded Roku, Inc., his sixth startup, to market home digital devices. "Roku" means “six” in Japanese. In 2007 Netflix, Inc. employed Wood as the vice president of Netflix's "Internet TV", directly under Reed Hastings. Wood continued to be the CEO of Roku in this period. At Netflix, he built a team which developed a Netflix-streaming player as well as applications allowing PC users to stream Netflix onto their computers. Netflix later spun Wood’s engineering team back out to Roku.

## Philanthropy

In 2021, Wood and his wife, Susan, donated $48.2 million to create the "WoodNext Foundation", a Texas based philanthropy. Its priorities include mental health, homelessness, scientific and biomedical research, disaster recovery, and economic opportunity with a focus on addressing root causes. Wood made $71 million in charitable commitments in 2022, and appeared on the Chronicle of Philanthropy's list of America’s 50 biggest donors. In 2023, the WoodNext Foundation granted $14.3 million to the University of Pittsburgh for the study of heart disease and dementia, and $1.25 million to establish the BrightEdge Entrepreneurship Fellows Program through the American Cancer Society.
# Sulu cuckooshrike

The Sulu cuckooshrike (Coracina guillemardi) is a passerine bird in the family Campephagidae that is found in the Sulu Archipelago of the Philippines. The species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the bar-bellied cuckooshrike.

## Description and taxonomy

This species is described as a large cuckooshrike with pale gray eyes and its plummage is almost uniform gray with a black mask reaching the forehead and lores. Among all Philippine bar-bellied cuckooshrikes this species does not have any obvious barring and is larger.
The Sulu cuckooshrike was formally described in 1886 by the Italian zoologist Tommaso Salvadori based on a specimen collected on the island of Lapac in the Sulu Archipelago of the Philippines. He coined the binomial name Graucalus guillemardi where the specific epithet was chosen to honour the naturalist and traveller Francis Guillemard. The species was formerly treated as a subspecies of the bar-bellied cuckooshrike (Coracina striata) but was promoted to species status based on the differences in morphology and vocalizations. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

## Ecology and behavior

This cuckooshrike usually lives in small groups or in mixed-species foraging flocks with other cuckooshrikes such as the Black-bibbed cicadabird.
As a newly split species, not much is known about this species itself but based on information about the Bar-bellied cuckooshrike it is also pressumed to mainly eats insects, including caterpillars, mantises, and dragonflies, and figs. Breeds from April to May. Nest described as a shallow cup of moss, leaves, roots and mud around 20 meters above the ground. Lays 2 pale gray eggs. Only the female has been observed feeding the chicks.

## Habitat and conservation status

Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It is typically found in the cannopy.
This species has yet to be assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. However, this species is likely declining. Almost all birds endemic to the Sulu archipelago are threatened and this is likely the case for this species. This species' main threat is habitat loss with wholesale clearance of forest habitats as a result of logging, agricultural conversion and mining activities occurring within the range.
# Extremely Dangerous

Extremely Dangerous is a 1999 four-part drama serial for ITV starring Sean Bean.

## Synopsis

Neil Byrne, an ex-National Criminal Intelligence Service undercover agent convicted of the brutal murder of his wife and child who goes on the run to try and clear his name. He sets out to follow up a strange clue sent to him in prison. The boss of a local crime syndicate, a former associate, hears of his escape and sends out the word to bring him in. On the run from the police and disowned by his NCIS colleagues, he is faced with the fact that he may be guilty.

## Cast

* Sean Bean as Neil Byrne
* Juliet Aubrey as Annie
* Antony Booth as Frank Palmer
* Ralph Brown as Joe Connor
* Sean Gallagher as DI Danny Ford
* Alex Norton as DCS Wallace
# Ghat (Armenian letter)

Ghat (majuscule: Ղ; minuscule: ղ; Armenian: ղադ is the eighteenth letter of the Armenian alphabet. It represents the voiced uvular fricative (/ʁ/) in both Eastern and Western varieties of Armenian. In Classical Armenian, it is pronounced as the velarized alveolar lateral approximant (/ɫ/). Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a numerical value of 90.

## Computing codes

Character information :
| Preview | Ղ | Ղ | ղ | ղ |
| Unicode name | ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD | ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1346 | U+0542 | 1394 | U+0572 |
| UTF-8 | 213 130 | D5 82 | 213 178 | D5 B2 |
| Numeric character reference | &#1346; | &#x542; | &#1394; | &#x572; |
# Ingelum

Ingelum (Dutch: Engelum) is a village in Waadhoeke in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 386 in January 2017. Before 2018, the village was part of the Menameradiel municipality.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1319 as Enghelum, and can either mean "settlement of Engel (person)" or "settlement of the Angles (as in England)". Ingelum is a terp (artificial living hill) village from the beginning of our era. It was located near the Middelzee.
The stins Grovestins was located on the dike near Ingelum, and was built before 1446. In 1446, the estate was taken by the Schieringers. Frederik Sirtema van Grovestins fought against France in 1712. During his expedition, he destroyed 35 villages and 18 castles around Metz. The estate was demolished in 1757.
The Dutch Reformed church was built in 1773 as a replacement of its medieval predecessor. The church was destroyed in a fire in 1975, and rebuilt in 1980. The tower was restored in 2009.
Ingelum was home to 247 people in 1840. Since 1995, Ingelum is the start and finish of the annual Eleven City Tractor Race. The race with old-timer tractors was first conceived in 1990, but ran into objections from the police who would not allow tractors racing on public streets.
# Maxwell Cummings

Maxwell Cummings, CM GOQ (April 19, 1898 – May 23, 2001) was a Canadian real estate builder and philanthropist.
Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of David and Beatrice Cummings, he came to Montreal with his family in 1911. His siblings included Harold Cummings, Nathan Cummings, and Minnie (Abbey). In 1929, he began a career in real estate brokerage and development. He was responsible for Canada's first strip mall, the Norgate shopping centre in Saint-Laurent (now part of Montreal) and was one of the first Canadians to develop low-cost housing.
He was a prominent member of the Montreal Jewish community. His offspring include the late philanthropist and entrepreneur Jack Cummings and businessman Robert Cummings. Jack's children include Steven Cummings, who like his grandfather has received the Order of Canada, Richard Cummings, former Executive Director of Jewish Family and Child Toronto, and Nancy Cummings-Gold, former president of The PACCK Foundation and wife of Senator Marc Gold.
In 1978, Maxwell Cummings was made a Member of the Order of Canada and a Grand officer of the National Order of Quebec in 1990.
# Julius Springer

Julius Springer (10 May 1817 – 17 April 1877) was a German publisher who founded the academic publishing house Springer Science+Business Media (formerly known as Springer-Verlag).

## Springer-Verlag

In 1842, Springer founded the retail bookshop Springer in Berlin at the address Breite Strasse 20 (now No. 11). Springer and his son Ferdinand built it from a small firm of 4 employees into the world's second largest academic publisher. Springer's book business later became Springer-Verlag and then Springer Science+Business Media which, in 2021, was one of the largest and most prominent academic publishers in the world.

## Life

In 1848 he took part in the side of the insurgents in action against the authorities. Springer was from 1867 to 1873 president of the German Booksellers and Publishers Association. From 1869 until his death, Springer was a member of the Berlin city assembly. In addition, he was one of the pioneers of national and international copyright law.
Julius Springer bore no relation to the 20th century publisher Axel Springer.

## Plaque

The text of the plaque at Breite Straße 11 in Berlin-Mitte reads:
    Julius Springer
    1817 – 1877
    Verlagsbuchhändler, gründete an dieser Stelle
    am 10. Mai 1842 den Springer Verlag,
    heute einer der größten Wissenschaftsverlage der Welt.
(Julius Springer, 1817–1877, publisher, founded here on 10 May 1842 Springer-Verlag, today one of the biggest scientific publishing houses in the world.)