OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Landau kernel

The Landau kernel is named after the German number theorist Edmund Landau. The kernel is a summability kernel defined as:
$L_{n}(t)={\begin{cases}{\frac {(1-t^{2})^{n}}{c_{n}}}&{\text{if }}{-1}\leq t\leq 1\\0&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}$where the coefficients $c_{n}$ are defined as follows:
$c_{n}=\int _{-1}^{1}(1-t^{2})^{n}\,dt.$

## Visualisation

Using integration by parts, one can show that: $c_{n}={\frac {(n!)^{2}\,2^{2n+1}}{(2n)!(2n+1)}}.$ Hence, this implies that the Landau kernel can be defined as follows: $L_{n}(t)={\begin{cases}(1-t^{2})^{n}{\frac {(2n)!(2n+1)}{(n!)^{2}\,2^{2n+1}}}&{\text{for }}t\in [-1,1]\\0&{\text{elsewhere}}\end{cases}}$
Plotting this function for different values of n reveals that as n goes to infinity, $L_{n}(t)$ approaches the Dirac delta function, as seen in the image, where the following functions are plotted.

## Properties

Some general properties of the Landau kernel is that it is nonnegative and continuous on $\mathbb {R}$. These properties are made more concrete in the following section.

### Dirac sequences

Definition: Dirac sequence — A Dirac sequence is a sequence $\{K_{n}(t)\}$ of functions $K_{n}(t)\colon \mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R}$ that satisfies the following properities:
* $K_{n}(t)\geq 0,\,\,\forall t\in \mathbb {R} {\text{ and }}\forall n\in \mathbb {Z}$
* $\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }K_{n}(t)\,dt=1,\,\forall n$
* $\forall \varepsilon >0\,\forall \delta >0\,\exists N\in \mathbb {Z} _{+}\,\forall n\geq N:$ $\quad \int _{\mathbb {R} \smallsetminus [-\delta ,\delta ]}K_{n}(t)\,dt=\int _{-\infty }^{-\delta }K_{n}(t)\,dt+\int _{\delta }^{\infty }K_{n}(t)\,dt<\varepsilon$
The third bullet point means that the area under the graph of the function $y=K_{n}(t)$ becomes increasingly concentrated close to the origin as n approaches infinity. This definition lends us to the following theorem.
Theorem — The sequence of Landau kernels is a Dirac sequence
Proof: We prove the third property only. In order to do so, we introduce the following lemma:
Lemma — The coefficients satsify the following relationship, $c_{n}\geq {\frac {2}{n+1}}$
Proof of the Lemma:
Using the definition of the coefficients above, we find that the integrand is even, we may write${\frac {c_{n}}{2}}=\int _{0}^{1}(1-t^{2})^{n}\,dt=\int _{0}^{1}(1-t)^{n}(1+t)^{n}\,dt\geq \int _{0}^{1}(1-t)^{n}\,dt={\frac {1}{1+n}}$completing the proof of the lemma. A corollary of this lemma is the following:
Corollary — For all positive, real $\delta :$ $\int _{\mathbb {R} \smallsetminus [-\delta ,\delta ]}K_{n}(t)\,dt\leq {\frac {2}{c_{n}}}\int _{\delta }^{1}(1-t^{2})^{n}\,dt\leq (n+1)(1-r^{2})^{n}$
# Jia Baoyu

Jia Baoyu (Chinese: 賈寶玉) is the principal character in the classic 18th century Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber.

## Introduction

The first chapter describes how one piece of stone was left over from when the Wall of Heaven was repaired by the Goddess Nüwa. That stone, changed into a piece of luminous jade, is given a chance (as requested by itself) to learn from the human existence and the impermanence of human life by following another incarnation who is to be Jia Baoyu.
Baoyu is thus born with a magical piece of jade in his mouth. His name, which literally means "precious jade", was given him in honor of this. The jade and Baoyu share a mystical link, and the Cheng-Gao version ends after the jade is lost for good and Baoyu himself disappears. Baoyu is portrayed as having little interest in learning the Confucian classics, much to the despair of his father, Jia Zheng. He would rather spend his time reading or writing poetry and playing with his numerous female relations. He is by-nature very compassionate and thoughtful (perhaps as a juxtaposition onto the other male characters in the novel).
Lin Daiyu was a fairy flower (known as the Jiang Zhu Cao), was later incarnated as Daiyu to pay back her “debt of tears" to Jia Baoyu, who watered and gave life to the flower.
Baoyu's romance and relationship with Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai forms one of the novel's main plot lines. However, there are many other women who play an important part in his life. In particular, he is a darling of his grandmother, who dotes on him and occasionally shields him from his father. His principal maids are also worthy of note.
The crater Pao-yu on asteroid 433 Eros was named after him.

## Alter ego: Zhen Baoyu

There is another Baoyu in the novel, a minor character with the surname of "Zhen" (甄), a homophone for "truth" or "real" in Mandarin. Zhen Baoyu shares many of Jia Baoyu's characteristics, living in a wealthy clan with many attendants and cousins, although he lives in Jinling (now Nanjing) rather than in the capital.
In Zhiyanzhai's commentary, it is clear that Zhen Baoyu would have had a large part to play in the later parts of the novel, now lost. He is to send Jia Baoyu's jade back when it goes missing. Zhen Baoyu, like Jia Baoyu, also becomes a monk at the end. Hence, Zhen Baoyu can be said to be a mirror of Jia Baoyu, just as the fortunes of the fictitious Jia Clan are mirrored in those of the Zhen Clan (the "real" family).
# Hanyang HY4330

The Hanyang HY4330 is a large model of military tractor trucks developed and produced by the Hanyang Special Purpose Vehicle Institute, which in turn is used by the People's Republic of China. These trucks behave essentially like conventional transporter erector launchers and as such, are used primarily to offer Beijing second strike nuclear capabilities; bolstering China's ballistic missile capabilities.
Likewise, its smaller sibling truck, the Hanyang HY4260, carries the versatile DF-21 intermediate range ballistic missiles, which has an anti-ship ballistic missile capabilities.

## Description

Unlike the HY4260, the Hanyang HY4330 is a much larger 8x8 tractor vehicle. This increased size allows the HY4330 to tow the much larger DF-31A road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missile. Due to this, the Hanyang Special Purpose Vehicle Institute developed this truck specifically for this role. It became a successor to an older Hanyang HY4301 which towed the more conventional DF-31 base-ICBM model.
The HY4330 became operational in 2007 and is implemented specifically to the Second Artillery Corps of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force. Despite its payload capabilities and operational history, the HY4330 has not been produced in any significant quantities.
As the HY4330 and the smaller HY4260 is powered by the Deutz BF12L513C turbocharged diesel engine, the HY4330 could carry a maximum payload of 60 tons whilst maintaining a higher speed with a maximum travel range of 1000km, vastly improving its mobility and complicating detection.
# Unclaimed Goods

Unclaimed Goods is a 1918 American silent Western comedy film directed by Rollin S. Sturgeon and written by Gardner Hunting and Johnston McCulley. The film stars Vivian Martin, Harrison Ford, Casson Ferguson, George A. McDaniel, Dick La Reno, and George Kunkel. The film was released on April 14, 1918, by Paramount Pictures. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

## Plot

A Wells Fargo & Co. express agent has to determine what to do with an unusual shipment (Vivian Martin) that has arrived at his office. The girl's father is being held prisoner by the villain, who is making a claim for the girl. The agent saves the day and claims the "goods" for himself.

## Cast

* Vivian Martin as Betsey Burke
* Harrison Ford as Danny Donegan
* Casson Ferguson as Cocopah Kid
* George A. McDaniel as 'Gentleman Joe' Slade (credited as George McDaniel)
* Dick La Reno as Sheriff Bill Burke
* George Kunkel as Uncle "Place Jim" Murphy
* Carmen Phillips as Idaho Ina
* Anne Schaefer as Mrs. Ryal (credited as Ann Schaefer)

## Reception

Like many American films of the time, Unclaimed Goods was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors conducted two reviews and required cuts, in Reel 1, of the first train scene showing the "Cocopah Kid" robbing the express messenger with gun, Reel 2, two scenes in saloon showing young woman plying Cocopah Kid with drink, the intertitle "Go on back — you got him hooked", two scenes of Slade in saloon threatening Burke with gun, first long and three gambling scenes to include cheating, Slade shooting Cocopah Kid, two scenes of Slade and gang forcing Murphy towards saloon at point of gun, Slade's men searching man's pocket for gun, three scenes of young women at bar in saloon, scene of young woman in foreground with slit skirt, Reel 4, the intertitle "So the auction thing goes and the maverick will belong to me", flash scene of young woman in low cut gown standing near men, Cocopah Kid threatening and shooting messenger, express agent slugging guard, Reel 5, five saloon scenes with women at bar, woman in background drinking, saloon scene of Slade holding up Cocopah Kid and shooting him, Slade falling outside saloon door after being shot, entire scene of Burke on road shooting guard and guard falling, and three scenes of gang shooting at Burke.
# Leslie Munger

Leslie Geissler Munger (born September 5, 1956) is an American politician and business executive who served as the Illinois Comptroller in 2015 and 2016. She was appointed by incoming Governor Bruce Rauner to fill the vacancy caused by the death of re-elected Comptroller Judy Baar Topinka.

## Career

Munger is a former corporate executive for Helene Curtis/Unilever. She oversaw the United States hair care business for Helene Curtis from 1984 to 2001 under former CEO Ron Gidwitz.

### Political career

In 2014, Munger ran for the Illinois House of Representatives in the 59th District against incumbent Democrat Carol Sente but narrowly lost.
After the sudden death of Comptroller Judy Baar Topinka, then-Governor-elect Bruce Rauner appointed Munger as Comptroller. She was sworn in on January 12, 2015, the same date as Rauner and the other elected officials.
On November 8, 2016, Democrat Susana Mendoza defeated Munger in a special election for Illinois Comptroller. The normally low-key comptroller's race became a high-profile, big-budget campaign seen as a proxy battle between Democratic House Speaker Michael Madigan and Republican Gov. Bruce Rauner.
On February 3, 2017, Munger was hired as a staffer in the office of Governor Rauner with the title of deputy governor.

## Electoral history

Illinois House of Representatives 59th District Election, 2014 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Carol Sente (inc.) | 14,528 | 52.4 |
| Republican | Leslie Munger | 13,179 | 47.6 |
Illinois Comptroller Election, 2016 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Democratic | Susana Mendoza | 2,583,436 | 49.0 |
| Republican | Leslie Munger (inc.) | 2,366,194 | 44.9 |
# The Barons

The Barons (French: Les barons) is a 2009 Belgian comedy film directed by Nabil Ben Yadir. It was written by Yadir, Laurent Brandenbourger and Sébastien Fernandez. It premiered on 2 September 2009 at the Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur. The film was nominated for six Magritte Awards, winning Best Supporting Actor for Jan Decleir.

## Cast

* Nader Boussandel as Hassan
* Mourade Zeguendi as Mounir
* Mounir Ait Hamou as Aziz
* Julien Courbey as Franck Tabla
* Jan Decleir as Lucien
* Fellag as 'R.G.'
* Édouard Baer as Jacques
* Amelle Chahbi as Malika
* Melissa Djaouzi as Milouda
* Salah Eddine Ben Moussa as Kader
* Jean-Luc Couchard as Ozgür
* Virginie Efira as the artist
# João Paulo Mendonça

João Paulo Mendonça (born 27 May 1958) is a Portuguese judoka. He competed in the men's extra-lightweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# 1928 in British music

This is a summary of 1928 in music in the United Kingdom.

## Events

January – Edward German is knighted for services to music.
* April – While studying under Frank Bridge, 15-year-old Benjamin Britten composes his String Quartet in F.
* June – Herbert Sumsion leaves the United States for the UK to take up the post of organist at Gloucester Cathedral.
* 9 August – Percy Grainger marries Swedish artist Ella Ström at the Hollywood Bowl.
* September – Benjamin Britten goes as a boarder to Gresham's School, in Holt, Norfolk.
* 10 October – Eric Fenby arrives in Grez to begin work as amanuensis for Frederick Delius.
* date unknown
** Malcolm Sargent becomes conductor of the Royal Choral Society.
** Arnold Bax begins taking an annual working holiday in Morar, in the west Scottish Highlands.

## Popular music

* Noël Coward – "World Weary"

## Classical music: new works

* Kenneth J. Alford – Dunedin (march)
* Granville Bantock – Pagan Symphony
* Arthur Bliss – Pastoral 'Lie strewn the white flocks'
* Hamilton Harty – Suite for Cello and Piano
* Gustav Holst – A Moorside Suite
* John Ireland – Two Songs, 1928
* Cyril Rootham – "On the Morning of Christ's Nativity"
* Ralph Vaughan Williams – Te Deum in G major
* William Walton – Sinfonia Concertante

## Opera

* Stanley Bate – The Forest Enchanted
* William Henry Bell – The Mouse Trap; libretto after The Sire de Maletroit's Door by Robert Louis Stevenson

## Musical theatre

* The Good Old Days of England, music by Percy Fletcher, libretto by Oscar Asche

## Births

* 17 January – Matt McGinn, folk singer (died 1977)
* 8 February – Osian Ellis, harpist
* 5 March – Diana Coupland, singer and actress (died 2006)
* 6 March – Ronald Stevenson, composer and pianist (died 2015)
* 13 March – Ronnie Hazlehurst, conductor and composer (died 2007)
* 2 April – April Cantelo, soprano (died 2024)
* 4 April
** Jimmy Logan, entertainer (died 2001)
** Monty Norman, singer and composer of the James Bond signature tune
* 19 April – Alexis Korner, blues musician and historian (died 1984)
* 27 May – Thea Musgrave, composer
* 6 July – Peter Glossop, operatic baritone (died 2008)
* 16 July – Bryden Thomson, orchestral conductor (died 1991)
* 20 July – Peter Ind, jazz double-bassist and record producer
* 26 August – Andrew Porter, music critic (died 2015)
* 6 October – Flora MacNeil, singer in Scottish Gaelic (died 2015)
* 20 December – Donald Adams, operatic bass-baritone (died 1996)

## Deaths

* 1 March – Sir Herbert Brewer, organist and composer (born 1865)
* 27 March – Leslie Stuart, musical theatre composer (born 1863)
* 13 May – David Thomas, composer (born 1881)
* 21 June – Marie Novello, pianist (born 1898)
* 12 September – Howard Talbot, conductor and composer (born 1865)
* 30 October – Percy Anderson, D'Oyly Carte stage designer (born 1851)
* 26 November – Herbert Sullivan, nephew and biographer of Sir Arthur Sullivan (born 1868)
# Sleepy Lagoon (film)

Sleepy Lagoon is a 1943 American musical comedy film directed by Joseph Santley and featuring comedian Judy Canova and singer Dennis Day. The film was written by Prescott Chaplin, and Frank Gill, Jr. and George Carleton Brown wrote the screenplay. It was Canova's final feature for Republic until 1951.
The setting of the film, the fictional town of Sleepy Lagoon, was possibly inspired by the song of the same name, which was popular at the time. The content of the film, however, is totally unrelated to the Sleepy Lagoon murder, which took place at a now-defunct Southern California reservoir and led to the Zoot Suit Riots.

## Plot

Newly elected mayor Judy Joyner takes charge of a growing but corrupt small town.

## Cast

* Judy Canova as Judy Joyner
* Dennis Day as Lancelot Hillie
* Ruth Donnelly as Sarah Rogers
* Joe Sawyer as Lumpy
* Ernest Truex as Dudley Joyner
* Douglas Fowley as J. "The Brain" Lucarno
* Will Wright as Cyrus Coates
* Forrest Taylor as Samuel
* Kitty McHugh as Mrs. Small
* Eddie Chandler as Ticket Seller
* Herbert Corthell as Sheriff Bates
* Ellen Lowe as Mrs. Simms
* Jack Raymond as Joe, the Clown
* Margaret Reid as Mrs. Crumm
* Mike Riley as Bandleader
* Rondo Hatton as Hunchback (uncredited)
# Jiří Douba

Jiří Douba (born 23 May 1958) is a Czech fencer. He competed in the individual and team épée events at the 1980 and 1992 Summer Olympics. In individual épée competitions, he achieved rankings of 31st in 1980 and 21st in 1992.
# Ajloun Forest Reserve

32°22′52″N 35°45′53″E﻿ / ﻿32.38111°N 35.76472°E﻿ / 32.38111; 35.76472
The Ajloun Forest Reserve is a nature reserve located in the Ajloun Governorate in north-west Jordan. Established by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature in 1988 in the area around the village of Umm Al-Yanabi, it comprises an area of 13 square kilometres (5 sq mi). The reserve is houses a captive breeding programme for the locally extinct roe deer and has been declared an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. There are also a number of hiking trails for tourists.
In October 2018, Ajloun Natural Reserve won a place among the top 100 sustainable destinations on the global tourism map.

## Geography and climate

The climate in the reserve is rare in Jordan as wooded areas account for only 1% of Jordan's area. The geography of the reserve contains mostly rolling hills and valleys as well as some springs. The reserve enjoys a Mediterranean-like climate but has been affected by desertification and deforestation for the past 200 years.

## Flora and fauna

The reserve is home to a wide variety of plants and animals. The following species can be found at the reserve:
* Evergreen oak, (Quercus calliprinos)
* Carob, (Ceratonia siliqua)
* Terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus)
* Strawberry tree, (Arbutus andrachne)
* Black iris, (Iris nigricans), the national flower of Jordan
* Wild boar (Sus scrofa)
* Stone marten (Martes foina)
* Golden jackal (Canis aureus)
* Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
* Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)
* Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus)
* Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica)
* Wolf (Canis lupus)
* Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

## RSCN programs

The RSCN manages the reserves public and touristic programs. Tourists can stay in tented lodges or cabins between the months of March and November. The RSCN also leads an educational initiative for local youth to learn about biodiversity. Students are taught to measure soil quality, monitor tree renewal and classify plants and animals. The RSCN has also re-introduced the locally extinct roe deer from specimens taken from Turkey. Today there are approximately 12 deer living within the reserve as part of a captive breeding program.
# Wogonin

Wogonin is an O-methylated flavone, a flavonoid-like chemical compound which is found in Scutellaria baicalensis.
The glycosides of wogonin are known as wogonosides. For example, oroxindin is a wogonin glucuronide isolated from Oroxylum indicum. It is one of the active ingredients of Sho-Saiko-To, a Japanese herbal supplement.

## Pharmacology

Wogonin has been found in one study to have anxiolytic properties in mice at doses of 7.5 to 30 mg/kg, without exhibiting the sedative and muscle-relaxing properties of benzodiazepines. Preliminary in vitro studies have shown pharmacological effects that indicate wogonin may have anti-tumor properties. Wogonin has also been found to possess anticonvulsant effects. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the benzodiazepine site of the GABA$_A$ receptor with a binding affinity of Ki 0.92μM and an IC50 value of 1.26μM which is about 100x less potent than diazepam (IC50 value of 0.012μM). The LD50 of pure Wogonin in mice is 3.9 grams per kilogram of body weight suggesting low toxicity
# Lantern Project

The Lantern Project is a UK registered charity which gave support to child sexual abuse victims, victims of bullying and victims of racial abuse. The Charity was founded by Graham Wilmer MBE, an adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse, in 2000 under the name 'Victims No Longer' but in 2003 it changed its name to the Lantern Project after gaining the support of another survivor David Williams.

## Operation 2000-2015

Between 2000 and 2015 the charity developed its own therapeutic model which it rolled out in Wirral, Merseyside and the surrounding regions and offered care, information, and support to victims of child abuse in these areas, during this period it was funded by the NHS and third sector organisations in Wirral.

## Post 2015 Operation

In 2015 their funding was withdrawn by the NHS and their other 3rd sector backers. After 2015 they no longer offered counselling and now only respond to emails and send out reading material to support those who reach out to them.
# Herniarin

Herniarin is a natural chemical compound. Chemically, it can be considered a methoxy derivative of coumarin or a methyl derivative of umbelliferone.
Herniarin is found in Herniaria glabra, Ayapana triplinervis and in species of the genus Prunus (P. mahaleb, P. pensylvanica, and P. maximowiczii).
# James Boyle (legal scholar)

James Boyle (born 1959) is a Scottish intellectual property scholar. He is the William Neal Reynolds Professor of Law and co-founder of the Center for the Study of the Public Domain at Duke University School of Law in Durham, North Carolina. He is most prominently known for advocating looser copyright policies in the United States and worldwide.

## Teaching and activism

Boyle graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1980 and subsequently studied at Harvard Law School. He joined Duke University School of Law in July 2000. He had previously taught at American University, Yale, Harvard, and the University of Pennsylvania Law School.
In 2002, he was one of the founding board members of Creative Commons, and held the position of Chairman of the Board in 2009, after which he stepped down. He also co-founded Science Commons, which aims to expand the Creative Commons mission into the realm of scientific and technical data, and ccLearn, a division of Creative Commons aimed at facilitating access to open education resources.
In 2006, he earned the Duke Bar Association Distinguished Teaching Award.
The courses he teaches include "Intellectual Property", "The Constitution in Cyberspace", "Law and Literature", "Jurisprudence", and "Torts".

## Written works

He is the author of The Line: AI & The Future of Personhood, Shamans, Software and Spleens: Law and Construction of the Information Society as well as a novel published under a Creative Commons license, The Shakespeare Chronicles.
In his work on intellectual property, The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind (2008), Boyle argues that the current system of copyright protections fails to fulfill the original intent of copyright: rewarding and encouraging creativity. It was also published under a non-commercial CC BY-NC-SA Creative Commons license.
Boyle also contributes a column to the Financial Times New Technology Policy Forum.
In 2011, Boyle was one of five experts consulted for the Hargreaves Review of Intellectual Property and Growth, a comprehensive analysis of the United Kingdom's intellectual property system that made suggestions for data-driven reform of the system.

## Selected publications

* Shamans, Software and Spleens: Law and Construction of the Information Society, Harvard University Press 1997, ISBN 978-0-674-80522-4
* The Public Domain (ed), Winter/Spring 2003 edition of Law and Contemporary Problems (vol 66, ##1–2), Duke University School of Law
* Bound by Law? Tales from the Public Domain , Duke University Center for the Study of the Public Domain 2006, ISBN 978-0-9741553-1-9
* Cultural Environmentalism @ 10 (ed, with Lawrence Lessig), Spring 2007 edition of Law and Contemporary Problems (vol 70, #2), Duke University School of Law
** Cultural Environmentalism and Beyond
* The Shakespeare Chronicles: A Novel, Lulu Press 2006, ISBN 978-1-4303-0768-6
* Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind, Yale University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-300-13740-8
* Theft: A History of Music, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform 2017, ISBN 978-1535543675
* The Line: AI & The Future of Personhood, MIT Press 2024, ISBN 978-0262049160