OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Workaround

A workaround is a bypass of a recognized problem or limitation in a system or policy. A workaround is typically a temporary fix that implies that a genuine solution to the problem is needed. But workarounds are frequently as creative as true solutions, involving outside the box thinking in their creation.
Typically they are considered brittle in that they will not respond well to further pressure from a system beyond the original design. In implementing a workaround it is important to flag the change so as to later implement a proper solution.
Placing pressure on a workaround may result in later system failures. For example, in computer programming workarounds are often used to address a problem or anti-pattern in a library, such as an incorrect return value. When the library is changed, the workaround may break the overall program functionality, effectively becoming an anti-pattern, since it may expect the older, wrong behaviour from the library.
Workarounds can also be a useful source of ideas for improvement of products or services.

## Legal workarounds

When the legal system places an obstacle in the form of a restriction or requirement, the law may provide a possible workaround. Laws intended to tap into what may seem to be deep pockets may lead to what are at least temporary solutions such as:
* Since "most French workplace laws affect businesses with 50 or more employees... many French companies opt to employ only 49 people in avoidance of crippling legislations."
* An injunction against Microsoft regarding XML features and an easy technical workaround, a patent attorney suggested having two versions of MS Word, one with and one without the feature.

### Acronyms

Some well-known acronyms were created to work around bureaucratic or contracting restrictions:
* PDP - The term was used to describe a computer by another name, due to contracting complications for purchasing or leasing computers. The term PDP (Programmed Data Processor or Programmable Data Processor) was a workaround. The name "PDP" intentionally avoids the use of the term "computer". PDPs were aimed at a market that could not afford larger computers.
* GNU - GNU's Not UNIX. As AT&T's prices for academic licensing and use of UNIX increased, new restrictions on maximum number of concurrent users and limitations on types of use created a motivation for an alternative: a work-alike workaround. Among the better known ones are:
** Linux
** BSD
** System V
* PSAP. By contrast with hearing aids, the sale of which is more regulated and more expensive, a Personal Sound Amplification Product (PSAP) is lower in price albeit more limited in capability.
# Deep Cuts, Volume 2 (1977–1982)

Deep Cuts, Volume 2 (1977–1982) is a compilation of Queen tracks between 1977 and 1982. Like its predecessor, Volume 1, it contains Queen songs that are less well known.

## Personnel

* Freddie Mercury: lead and backing vocals, piano, synthesizer, keyboards, synth bass on "Staying Power".
* Brian May: lead guitar, lead vocals on "Sail Away Sweet Sister" and "Sleeping on the Sidewalk", falsetto vocals on "Put out the Fire", backing vocals, synthesizer, percussion.
* Roger Taylor: drums, percussion, lead vocals on "Rock it (Prime Jive), co-lead vocals on "Sheer Heart Attack and "Action This Day", backing vocals, synthesizer, rhythm guitar and bass guitar on "Sheer Heart Attack".
* John Deacon: bass guitar, acoustic guitar, synthesizer, rhythm guitar on "Staying Power".
# The Mortal Sin

The Mortal Sin is a lost 1917 silent film drama directed by John H. Collins and distributed by Metro Pictures. Viola Dana, at the time Collins's wife, stars in the picture.

## Cast

* Viola Dana - Jane Anderson
* Robert Walker - George Anderson
* Augustus Phillips - Emmet Standish
* Lady Thompson - Flora
* Henry Leone - Jean Rambeau
* Louis B. Foley - The Doctor
* Ricca Allen - Landlady
# Language and Linguistics

Language and Linguistics: An Introduction is a 1981 book by Sir John Lyons.

## Reception

The book was reviewed by Louis Mangione and Patricia A. Lee.
# Noam Achtel

Noam Achtel (Hebrew: נועם אכטל; born 16 April 1996) is an Israeli footballer who plays as a defender and has appeared for the Israel women's national team.

## Career

Achtel has been capped for the Israel national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.
# Aniya

Aniya is a village and a gram panchayat in Chanditala I community development block of Srirampore subdivision in Hooghly district in West Bengal, India.

## Geography

Aniya is located at 22°43′08″N 88°08′46″E﻿ / ﻿22.718945°N 88.1461499°E﻿ / 22.718945; 88.1461499.

### Gram panchayat

Villages in Ainya gram panchayat are: Akuni, Aniya, Bandpur, Banipur, Bara Choughara, Dudhkanra, Ganeshpur, Goplapur, Jiara, Kalyanbati, Mukundapur, Sadpur and Shyamsundarpur.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Aniya had a total population of 3,281 of which 1,588 (48%) were males and 1693 (52%) were females. Population below 6 years was 322. The total number of literates in Aniya was 2,477 (83.71% of the population over 6 years).

## Population

As of the 2011 census, Aniya has a population of approximately 3281 peoples where male population is 1588 and female population is 1,693. (ref: Aniya)

## Healthcare

Akuni Ichhapasar Rural Hospital at Aniya functions with 30 beds.

## Transport

Bargachia railway station and Baruipara railway station are the nearest railway stations.
# Janes World Railways

Janes World Railways is a directory of railway activities worldwide. It is published annually by Jane's Information Services. Janes World Railways (JWR) provides details on railway systems and operators, manufacturers of equipment, technology and services, and consultancy associations. In updating the content, Janes conducts detailed literature and data searches, reviewing thousands of open source documents and data sources produced by governmental and non-governmental organisations, private businesses, and academic institutions. The publication offers railway profiles with detailed data covering operators and systems in nearly 140 countries, plus information on 2,000 manufacturers, suppliers and service companies.

## Contents

Its covers detail analysis and information on following sections:
Equipment:
* Bogies and suspension, wheels, axles and bearings
* Brakes and drawgear
* Cables and cable equipment
* Diesel engines, transmission and fueling systems
* Electric traction, freight yard and terminal equipment
* Locomotives and powered and non-powered passenger vehicles
* Passenger coach and freight vehicles equipment
* Revenue collection systems and station equipment
Data & Technology
* Information technology systems
* Organizational structures
* Passenger information systems
* Principal infrastructure details of networks
* Rolling-stock fleet data
* Signalling and communication systems
* Simulation and training systems
* Traffic and revenue statistics
Contact Information
* Consultancy services
* Electrification contractors and equipment suppliers
* Manufacturers of locomotives and passenger vehicles
* Permanent way components, equipment and services
* Railway associations and agencies
* Rolling-stock leasing companies
* Turnkey systems contractors
* Vehicle maintenance equipment and services
The World Railways Yearbook 17/18 issue costs over US$1320.

### Maps and diagrams

The yearbook contains many maps of railway systems, which since about 1990 have been redrawn in a consistent style.
The yearbook also contains many diagrams of structure gauges and loading gauges for some but not all countries.

### Other data

The yearbook also give the kind and height of the coupler used by any railway, as well as the height of buffers where used.
The yearbook also gives the minimum radii of many, but not all, railways.

## Editors

* 2020 - Ankush Singh
* 2019 - Ankush Singh
* 2018 - Ankush Singh
* 2003 - Jackie Clarke & Ken Harris
* 1988 - G. Freeman Allen
* 1976 - Paul J. Goldsack
* 1971 - Henry Sampson

## Issue

* 2002-03 is edition forty-four.
* ISSN 0075-3084
# Kansas, Illinois

Kansas is a village in Kansas Township, Edgar County, Illinois. The population was 670 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Kansas is located in southwest Edgar County approximately 1.2 miles from the Edgar-Coles county line. The community is at the intersection of Illinois routes 16 and 49 approximately ten miles southwest of Paris.
According to the 2010 census, Kansas has a total area of 1.03 square miles (2.67 km$^2$), all land.

## History

A post office called Kansas has been in operation since 1855. The town was named after the Kansas Territory.
In or before 1972, students and their physical education teacher at the high school invented a game called Deckerball. This has been credited as being the possible origin of the very similar game Wallyball.

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 670 people, 339 households, and 183 families residing in the village. The population density was 655.58 inhabitants per square mile (253.12/km$^2$). There were 366 housing units at an average density of 358.12 units per square mile (138.27 units/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 91.04% White, 1.04% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 7.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.49% of the population.
There were 339 households, out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.05% were married couples living together, 12.98% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.02% were non-families. 36.58% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.76% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 2.27.
The village's age distribution consisted of 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 19.7% from 25 to 44, 30.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $36,375, and the median income for a family was $51,827. Males had a median income of $45,714 versus $32,813 for females. The per capita income for the village was $29,752. About 21.9% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.2% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

Secondary education is provided by a public high school, Kansas High School. Up until 2004 the school's sports team was the Kansas Bulldogs. In 2004, however, Kansas, in union with local Oakland High School, created the Tri-County Co-op. The team name was then changed to the Tri-County Titans. With local Shiloh High School joining the co-op later, this brings us to the present situation of the sports co-op.

## Notable people

* John Honnold (1915–2011), former law professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School
# Elsa Merlini

Elsa Merlini (26 July 1903 – 22 February 1983), was an Italian film actress. She appeared in 29 films between 1931 and 1976.

## Selected filmography

* The Private Secretary (1931)
* One Night with You (1932)
* Paprika (1933)
* Model Wanted (1933)
* The Flower Girl from the Grand Hotel (1934)
* The Lucky Diamond (1934)
* Ginevra degli Almieri (1935)
* Thirty Seconds of Love (1936)
* Adam's Tree (1936)
* I Don't Know You Anymore (1936)
* The Lady in White (1938)
* At Your Orders, Madame (1939)
* The Last Dance (1941)
* The Queen of Navarre (1942)
* Legs of Gold (1958)
# The Cisco Kid Returns

The Cisco Kid Returns is a 1945 American Western film. Released on April 3, 1945, it was the first of three Cisco Kid films made that year with Duncan Renaldo as Cisco and Martin Garralaga as Pancho. In this release, Cisco's real name is Juan Francisco Hernandez. Cisco must clear himself of murder charges, while preventing his girlfriend Rosita (Callejo) from eloping with his rival John Harris (Pryor).
The film was followed by the May 15 release of In Old New Mexico, which revealed Cisco's name to be Juan Carlos Francisco Antonio, and South of the Rio Grande on September 15 falling back to Cisco's name being Juan Francisco Hernandez. Martin Garralaga appears in both as Pancho.

## Cast

* Duncan Renaldo – The Cisco Kid/Juan Francisco Hernandez
* Martin Garralaga – Pancho
* Cecilia Callejo – Rosita Gonzales
* Roger Pryor – John Harris
# World Soundtrack Awards 2012

12th World Soundtrack Awards
October 20, 2012
Best Original Soundtrack: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy
The 12th World Soundtrack Awards were given on 20 October 2012 at the Kuipke Events Centre in Ghent, Belgium.

## Awards
### World Soundtrack of the Year

Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy by Alberto Iglesias
* The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn by John Williams
* Hugo by Howard Shore
* Drive by Cliff Martinez
* The Ides of March by Alexandre Desplat

### Soundtrack Composer of the Year

Alberto Iglesias for Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, The Skin I Live In & The Monk
* Howard Shore for A Dangerous Method, Cosmopolis & Hugo
* Alexandre Desplat for Moonrise Kingdom, The Ides of March, Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, A Better Life, Carnage & Rust and Bone
* Cliff Martinez for Contagion & Drive
* John Williams for War Horse & The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn

### Best Original Song Written for Film

Glenn Close (lyrics), Sinéad O'Connor (performer), Brian Byrne (music) for "Lay Your Head Down" in Albert Nobbs
* Florence Welch (lyrics/music), Isabella Summers (lyrics/music), Florence + the Machine (performer) for "Breath of Life" in Snow White and the Huntsman
* Madonna (music/lyrics/performer), Julie Frost (music/lyrics), James Harry (music/lyrics) for "Masterpiece in W.E.
* Damon Thomas (music/lyrics), Thomas Newman (music/lyrics), Harvey Mason, Jr. (music/lyrics), Mary J. Blige (music/lyrics/performer) for "The Living Proof" in The Help
* Bret McKenzie (music/lyrics), Peter Linz (performer), Jason Segel (performer) for "Man or Muppet" in The Muppets

### Discovery of the Year

Albert Nobbs by Brian Byrne
* Immortals by Trevor Morris
* Take Shelter by David Wingo
* Lola Versus & Nobody Walks by Fall On Your Sword
* The Raven, Sleep Tight, Cold Light of Day by Lucas Vidal

### Public Choice Award

Abel Korzeniowski for W.E.

### Lifetime Achievement Award

Pino Donaggio
# Reggada

Reggada is a Moroccan Arab musical genre and dance from Arab and Berber tribes of north-east Morocco (Provinces of Oujda, Berkane and Taourirt).

## History

Reggada is a derivation of war dance traditions called Aarfa and Allaoui, among Arab and Berber tribes celebrating victory over their enemies. Thus, the performance includes the use of weapons and foot strikes in the rhythm of music. Similar war dances can be found in every Arab country, it started with the Arabs of Arabia during the Islamic conquests.

### Location

Reggada music is most commonly played in the northeastern regions of Morocco. It is popular in provinces such as Oujda, Taourirt and Berkane.

## Dance and music

This war dance uses instruments such as Bendir, Ghaita and Zammar which is a kind of flute with two horns typically found in Africa. The dancers move their shoulders, a rifle or a stick and strike the groin against the floor to the rhythm of drums.
The music often tells stories about topics such as love, emotions of sadness and happiness. From the late 1980s, music synthesizer are increasingly widely used. Other forms of the same dance are found in Algeria and Libya.
# A Golden Boy

A Golden Boy (Italian: Un ragazzo d'oro) is a 2014 Italian comedy-drama film written and directed by Pupi Avati. It won the Best Screenplay Award at the 2014 Montreal World Film Festival.

## Plot

The film follows Davide (Riccardo Scamarcio), a copywriter whose father was a movie screenwriter. After his father's death, he leaves everything he has behind and moves to Rome, where he meets an actress-turned-publisher named Ludovica (Sharon Stone), who wants to release his father's autobiography.

## Cast

* Riccardo Scamarcio as Davide Bias
* Sharon Stone as Ludovica Stern
* Cristiana Capotondi as Silvia
* Giovanna Ralli as Davide's Mother
* Lucia Rossi as Beatrice
* Christian Stelluti as Walter Van Vooren
* Osvaldo Ruggieri as Beppe Masiero
* Tommaso Ragno as Ludovica's Husband
* Sandro Dori as Notaio
* Fabio Ferrari as Agente letterario
* Valeria Marini as Davide's Friend

## Release

The film screened at the Montreal World Film Festival on 27 August 2014 and was released on 18 September 2014 in Italian cinemas, where it grossed US$807,225.
# Olga Gutmakher

Olga Gutmakher (née Vasiliev, born 9 February 1987) is an Israeli chess player and engineer who holds the FIDE title of Woman International Master (WIM, 2004). She is a three-time Israeli Women's Chess Championship winner (2008, 2013, 2014), a Women's Chess Olympiad individual bronze medal winner (2010), and a European Women's Team Chess Championship individual bronze medal winner (2009).

## Biography

She grew up in Ashdod. In 1998, she won Israeli Youth Chess Championship in U14 girls' age group. In 2002, she won Israeli Youth Chess Championship in U15 girls' age group. In 2003, she won Israeli Youth Chess Championship in U16 girls' age group. Olga Gutmakher is three times Israeli Women's Chess Championship winner: in 2008, 2013, and 2014.
Gutmakher played for Israel in the Women's Chess Olympiads:
* In 2004, at first reserve board in the 36th Chess Olympiad (women) in Calvià (+5, =3, -4),
* In 2008, at fourth board in the 38th Chess Olympiad (women) in Dresden (+7, =0, -2),
* In 2010, at fourth board in the 39th Chess Olympiad (women) in Khanty-Mansiysk (+7, =0, -2) and won individual bronze medal,
* In 2014, at third board in the 41st Chess Olympiad (women) in Tromsø (+6, =3, -1),
* In 2016, at fourth board in the 42nd Chess Olympiad (women) in Baku (+7, =2, -2),
* In 2018, at fourth board in the 43rd Chess Olympiad (women) in Batumi (+7, =1, -2).
She played for Israel in the European Women's Team Chess Championships:
* In 2003, at first reserve board in the 5th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Plovdiv (+3, =2, -3),
* In 2005, at reserve board in the 6th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Gothenburg (+5, =2, -2),
* In 2007, at fourth board in the 7th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Heraklion (+4, =2, -1),
* In 2009, at fourth board in the 8th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Novi Sad (+2, =2, -3) and won individual bronze medal,
* In 2011, at reserve board in the 9th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Porto Carras (+2, =0, -3),
* In 2013, at third board in the 10th European Team Chess Championship (women) in Warsaw (+3, =2, -3).
Gutmakher graduated from Tel Aviv University as electrical engineering.
# The Skivvies

The Skivvies are Nick Cearley and Lauren Molina, American singer/musician/actors, who perform "stripped down" arrangements of popular songs, and original tunes while stripping down to their underwear. They have had residencies at several venues including 54 Below, 42 West, Highline Ballroom and Joe's Pub. They have reviews from established publishers in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, People, Playbill, Theatermania, OUT Magazine, The New York Post and Sports Illustrated.
The duo come from a background of musical theatre, Molina having performed on Broadway in Sweeney Todd and Rock of Ages; Cearley having performed in the 1st National Tour of All Shook Up. They have been cast in shows together, off-Broadway in Sex Tips for Straight Women from a Gay Man; and as Brad and Janet in The Rocky Horror Show at Bucks County Playhouse, directed by Hunter Foster. They have made appearances in pilots for FOX, A&E and WE, as well as performing at fundraising events, such as Broadway Bares (Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS). Notable guest performers include Laura Benanti, Lena Hall, Nick Adams, Nick Wyman, Randy Harrison, Lesli Margherita, Alison Fraser, Claybourne Elder, Ariana DeBose, Phillipa Soo, Tom Hewitt, Will Swenson, Norm Lewis, Alice Ripley, Drew Lachey, Keala Settle and Lin-Manuel Miranda.
# Sanjin Pehlivanović

Sanjin Pehlivanović (born 11 August 2001) is a Bosnian professional pool player. He is an eight-time junior European Pool Championships champion, winning events 8-Ball, 9-Ball, and 10-Ball. In 2021, he also received a runners-up medal in the European championship 9-Ball event, losing in the final to Germany's Joshua Filler.
At the 2017 Klagenfurt Open, Pehlivanvic reached the quarter-finals, his best result on the Euro Tour to date. He would lose the match 9–8 to Mateusz Śniegocki.

## Titles @ achievements

* 2022 European Pool Championship 10-Ball
* 2017 WPA World Nine-ball Junior Championship
* 2015 Euro Tour Salzberg Open
# Ely Landau

Ely Abraham Landau (January 20, 1920 – November 4, 1993) was an American film producer and production executive best remembered for films of plays in the American Film Theatre series.
Landau began working in television as a director and producer in the late 1940s following World War II military service. Landau co-founded National Telefilm Associates, a New York–based television distribution company, with Oliver A. Unger and Harold Goldman in 1954 and subsequently became the president and chairman of the board of the company. Among NTA's assets were television stations including WNTA-TV in Newark, N.J. (now WNET), whose pioneering programming included award-winning shows such as Play of the Week, Open End (hosted by David Susskind), and The Mike Wallace Interviews. Landau won a Peabody Award for The Play of the Week, a series of stage plays mounted for television from 1959 to 1961. NTA, which won praise for being innovative, distributed the series, for which Landau was primarily responsible. In a 1959 interview, he said: "With this I'm bucking the trend. But I don't think any independent station is going to succeed if it just does the Westerns and crime and situation comedy shows that we find everywhere else."
In 1961, Landau and Unger turned to feature-film production, forming the Landau-Unger Company, which produced films such as Long Day's Journey into Night (1962) and The Pawnbroker (1964). The earlier film, a screen rendering of the play by Eugene O'Neill, was shown at the 1962 Cannes Film Festival, where its stars (Katharine Hepburn, Ralph Richardson, Jason Robards and Dean Stockwell) won the Best Actress and Actor awards collectively. The Landau-Unger Company also distributed The Eleanor Roosevelt Story (1965), which won the Academy Award for Best Documentary.
The Landau-Unger Company was sold to Commonwealth United Corporation in 1967, at which time he was named president and CEO. In 1970, he compiled and produced the 185-minute television documentary King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis, an account of the public career of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The documentary was praised as achieving a density and shapeliness that would be rare in any movie, let alone a documentary committed to the sequence of actual events.
Always interested in adapting theatrical productions to film, he founded the American Film Theatre in 1972 to make movies adaptations of stage plays.

## Select producing credits

* The Pawnbroker (1965)
* Three Sisters (1966)
* The Madwoman of Chaillot (1969)
* A Delicate Balance (1973)
* The Homecoming (1973)
* Butley (1974)
* The Iceman Cometh (1974)
* Lost in the Stars (1974)
* Luther (1974)
* Rhinoceros (1974)
* Galileo (1975)
* In Celebration (1975)
* The Maids (1975)
* The Man in the Glass Booth (1975)
* The Greek Tycoon (1978)
* Hopscotch (1980)
* Beatlemania: The Movie (1981)
* The Chosen (1981)
* The Holcroft Covenant (1985)