OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oleg Lupanov

Oleg Borisovich Lupanov (Russian: Оле́г Бори́сович Лупа́нов; 2 June 1932 – 3 May 2006) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician, dean of the Moscow State University's Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics (1980–2006), head of the Chair of Discrete Mathematics of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics (1981–2006).
Together with his graduate school advisor, Sergey Yablonsky, he is considered one of the founders of the Soviet school of Mathematical Cybernetics. In particular he authored pioneering works on synthesis and complexity of Boolean circuits, and of control systems in general (Russian: Управляющие системы), the term used in the USSR and Russia for a generalization of finite-state automata, Boolean circuits and multi-valued logic circuits.
Ingo Wegener, in his book The Complexity of Boolean Functions, credits O. B. Lupanov for coining the term Shannon effect in his 1970 paper, to refer to the fact that almost all Boolean functions have nearly the same circuit complexity as the hardest function.
O. B. Lupanov is best known for his (k, s)-Lupanov representation of Boolean functions that he used to devise an asymptotically optimal method of Boolean circuit synthesis, thus proving the asymptotically tight upper bound on Boolean circuit complexity:
    $C(f)\leq {\frac {2^{n}}{n}}+o\left({\frac {2^{n}}{n}}\right).$

## Biography

O. B. Lupanov graduated from Moscow State University's Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics in 1955. He received his PhD in 1958 from the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and his Doctorate degree in 1963. He began teaching at Moscow State University in 1959 and became professor there in 1967. From 1955 he had appointment at the Institute of Applied Mathematics and he was a professor at Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics (1970–1980). He had served as the Dean of the Moscow State University's Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics (1980–2006), and as the founding head of the Chair of Discrete Mathematics of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics (1981–2006).
Lupanov became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1972 and a full member of Russian Academy of Sciences in 2003. He was the lead scientist of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics since 1993 and was awarded the title of a distinguished professor of Moscow State University in 2002. He was a recipient of the prestigious Lenin Prize (1966) and of the Moscow State University's Lomonosov Award (1993).
His students count more than 30 PhD degree holders and 6 holders of the Soviet/Russian Doctorate degree. As a dean of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics he had a reputation of a democratic and accessible person.

## Personal life

Lupanov died at around 7pm on 3 May 2006 in his office at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University.
* Ad memoriam installed at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow State University
# David Davidson Hay

David Davidson Hay (January 28, 1828 – June 14, 1908) was an Ontario political figure. He represented Perth North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1883 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Dundee, Scotland in 1828. In 1849, he married Jane Rogerson. He served as reeve for Elma Township and Listowel. Hay was Immigration Commissioner to Scotland for Ontario from 1873 to 1874 and General Immigration Agent for Ontario from 1874 to 1875. He ran unsuccessfully for the same seat in the provincial assembly in 1867. Hay moved to Stratford in 1884 after he was named registrar of deeds for North Perth.
His nephew F. Wellington Hay later served in the provincial assembly and the House of Commons.

## Electoral history

vte1867 Ontario general election: Perth North :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Andrew Monteith | 1,568 | 57.58 |
| | Liberal | David Davidson Hay | 1,155 | 42.42 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 2,723 | 72.81 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 3,740 |
| | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vte1875 Ontario general election: Perth North :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | David Davidson Hay | 1,847 | 51.69 | |
| | Conservative | Thomas Mayne Daly Sr. | 1,707 | 47.77 | −6.47 |
| | Conservative | David Campbell | 9 | 0.25 | |
| | Conservative | R. Keyes | 9 | 0.25 | |
| | Conservative | G. Towner | 1 | 0.03 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 3,573 | 68.16 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 5,242 |
| | Liberal gain from Conservative | Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | Swing | +3.24 |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vte1879 Ontario general election: Perth North :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | David Davidson Hay | 2,396 | 50.18 | −1.52 |
| | Conservative | Mr. McDermott | 2,379 | 49.82 | +1.52 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 4,775 | 67.44 | −0.72 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 7,080 |
| | Liberal hold | Liberal hold | Swing | Swing | −1.52 |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# Mlabri language

Mlabri is a language spoken by the Mlabri people in the border area between Thailand and Laos.
It is usually classified as a Khmuic language, a subgroup of the Austroasiatic languages. Linguist Jørgen Rischel has studied the language and described its peculiarities in several works. He divides the language into three varieties: one spoken by a small group in Laos and previously called Yumbri, and two others spoken by larger groups in Thailand. They differ in intonation and in lexicon.
Although it is possible to count up to ten in Mlabri, only the numerals one and two may be used to modify a noun, and the word for 'two' has uses closer to 'pair' or 'couple' in English than a numeral.

## Phonology

Mlabri distinguishes rounding in its back vowels. It does not have the register systems of some other Austroasiatic languages.
| | Front | Back | Back |
| | Front | unrounded | rounded |
| Close | i | ɯ | u |
| Close-mid | e | ɤ | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ʌ | ɔ |
| Open | a | | |
All vowels occur long and short. /a/ is fronted after palato-alveolar consonants, and may approach [ɛ]. There is also a very short vowel /ɪ/ that has limited distribution. Schwas occur in pre-tonic syllables, but may be epenthetic. There are several diphthongs.
Consonants include the two implosive stops /ɓ/ and /ɗ/, attested in words such as ɓuʔ 'slow' and ɗɤŋ 'can'. These apparent implosive stops could be analyzed as pre-glottalized stops, as pre-glottalization is also a used for sonorants. Consonants also include voiceless sonorants, as in m̥ɛʔ 'new', n̥taʔ 'tail', ŋ̊uh 'sit', l̥ak '(there is) none', or w̥ep 'shoulder'. Arguably, these could be analyzed as a sequence of /h/ and a sonorant.
Initial consonants :
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Obstruent | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | cʰ ~ s | kʰ | h |
| Obstruent | tenuis | p | t | c | k | ʔ |
| Obstruent | voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | |
| Obstruent | glottalized | ˀb ~ ɓ | ˀd ~ ɗ | | | |
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ɲ̥ | ŋ̊ | |
| Sonorant | voiced | w | l, r | j, j̊ | | |
| Sonorant | voiceless | w̥ | l̥, (r̥) | | | |
| Sonorant | glottalized | ˀw | | ˀj | |
/r̥/ is only attested in minor syllables.
Mlabri has a different set of consonants which occur at the ends of syllables, including aspirated sonorants /lʰ, rʰ, jʰ/. The second is a trill, and the third more post-alveolar than palatal. Other final consonants are /p t c k ʔ m n ɲ ŋ h l r j w/
# Gordon B. Dodds

Gordon B. Dodds (March 12, 1932 – August 29, 2003) was a professor of history and then professor emeritus at Portland State University (PSU) as well as an author. He wrote and edited several books and contributed articles and reviews for the Journal of American History, Western Political Quarterly, American Historical Review, Pacific Northwest Quarterly, and Oregon Historical Quarterly.
He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He earned degrees from Harvard College (BA), University of Illinois (MA), and University of Wisconsin (PhD). He also was an instructor at Knox College.
He chaired PSU's history department from 1996 to 1999, was a union leader of PSU faculty in the American Association of University Professors, and an archivist for the university after he retired as a professor.
He wrote books about Oregon history, Portland State University, fishery owner R. D. Hume and public works engineer Hiram Martin Crittenden.
# Friedrich-Wilhelm Neumann

Friedrich-Wilhelm Neumann (22 January 1889 – 26 January 1975) was a German general during World War II who held several divisional and corps level commands. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## Awards and decorations

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 16 October 1944 as Generalleutnant and commander of 712. Infanterie-Division
# Treaty of Madrid (1880)

The Treaty of Madrid (1880) was the result of the Conference of Madrid held during 1880 in that city by request of Hassan I, Sultan of Morocco, due to alleged abuses of the protégé system (privileges for Moroccans employed by foreign governments) by the French and Spanish. The treaty resulting was a collection of agreements between the Sultan and several European governments, to give the powers the ownership of Moroccan lands they had seized, the resources present on these lands, settlement rights and to employ locals on these lands. This treaty served to regulate and make these conquests official with respect to the international community.

## Summary

The treaty consisted of 18 articles:
Treaties/agreements signed previously, with Britain, Spain and France, remained in effect, with modifications specified by this treaty. Foreign officials residing in Morocco were given permission to employ Moroccans, and enjoyed 'protection', i.e. freedom from taxation, as did their families, some of their Moroccan employees and any Consulate employees who were Moroccan.
Employees who worked as farmers, servants, interpreters or other menial jobs were not protected, even if they were not Moroccan. Any foreign nationals who owned farmed land or were farmers had to pay agricultural tax, and any who owned and used pack animals or load carrying animals had to pay 'gate tax', but in both situations foreign nationals were exempt from other taxes.
Foreign officials could not employ soldiers or Moroccan officials, or Moroccans being prosecuted for crime. Foreign nationals could purchase or obtain land with the prior permission of the Moroccan government, and as such the land would remain in Moroccan jurisdiction. Foreign governments could choose any 12 Moroccans to be protected for whatever reason they desired without permission of the Moroccan government, but had to seek permission if they wanted to protect any more.
The 1863 agreement with Morocco is summarized at the end of the Treaty.

## Attendees

* Spain, represented by the President of the Council of Ministers Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.
* Morocco, represented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs Sid Mohamed Vargas (محمد بارقش).
* France, represented by the French Ambassador to Spain, Vice-Admiral Benjamin Jaurès.
* United Kingdom, represented by the Honorable Lionel Sackville-West, 2nd Baron Sackville.
* German Empire, represented by Count Eberhardt of Solms-Sonnewalde [de].
* Austro-Hungarian Empire, represented by Count Emanuel Ludolf.
* United States, represented by General Lucius Fairchild.
* Belgium, represented by Edward Anspach.
* Kingdom of Italy, represented by Giuseppe Greppi [it], Count of Greppi.
* Kingdom of the Netherlands, represented by the resident minister Jonkheer Maurice of Heldewier [nl].
* Kingdom of Portugal, represented by José Maria Caldeira, Count of Casal Ribeiro [pt].
* Swedish-Norwegian Union, represented by resident minister Henry Åkerman.
* Kingdom of Denmark, represented by the United Kingdom.
# Bati Youth Football Academy

Bati Youth Football Academy (Khmer: សាលាបាល់ទាត់ជាតិយុវជនបាទី) also known as the National Football Academy or Bati Academy is an under-18 football team operated by the FFC (Football Federation of Cambodia). The team was invited to compete in the 2019 Cambodian League as a project to expose younger players to higher level of competitions in order to compete in various international competitions such as the SEA Games.
# R. B. Gautier Jr.

Redmond Bunn 'R.B.' Gautier Jr. (born April 3, 1909) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a Florida state representative and senator.
Gautier Jr was born to City of Miami judge and later mayor, R.B. Gautier and Ida F Miller Gautier. The Gautiers were South Florida pioneers, moving to Miami shortly after its incorporation.
Gautier attended Miami High School, Riverside Military Academy and Washington and Lee University. He was elected to serve in the Florida House of Representatives from 1943 to 1945. He gave up his seat to take a commission as a Navy officer in WWII but regained his seat after the war.
Gautier was a 1956 delegate to the 1956 Democratic National Convention Gautier was a trustee for the University of Miami.
# Imamia Colony railway station

Imamia Colony railway station (Urdu: امامیہ کالونی ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Imamia Colony Ferozewala, Sheikhupura District, Pakistan.
# Kirat Bhattal

Kirat Bhattal ( Born: in Monrovia, Liberia), professionally known as Kirat or Keerath, is an Indian actress. She debuted in modelling roles and then made a breakthrough in the Tamil film industry.

## Career

After completing her education at the Lawrence School, Sanawar,
She signed up to do the project Desiya Nedunchalai 47 with Dhanush, but the project was delayed and later cancelled. As the film had remained inactive for about three months, Bhattal had signed onto a Kannada language movie titled Geleya opposite Prajwal Devaraj, which was declared a hit. Most recently, she accepted a guest role in the film Santosh Subramaniam, which is a remake of the Telugu language film Bommarillu, which stars Genelia and Jayam Ravi. She has got rave reviews for her role in the film even though it is a short one. A few reviews have said that she outshined the heroine Genelia. She was also confirmed for the lead role in the Telugu film Yamadonga starring N. T. Rama Rao Jr., but turned it down at the last minute citing other commitments; the film went on to become a huge hit, grossing 30 crores in the first month of its release. She has also signed onto a Tamil film with director Krishna of Sillunu Oru Kadhal and Dorai, with Arjun Sarja in the lead role. She is also hosting a travel show called Life Mein Ek Baar- When Angels Dare with actress Barbara Mori, T.V presenter Archana Vijaya, model Diandra Soares and Yana Gupta. The first episode aired on 18 March 2013. She also hosted two seasons of Style and the City which aired on Fox Traveller. She is currently hosting season 4 of Nat Geo Covershot: Heritage city on National Geographic, the first episode aired on 17 December 2016.

## Personal life

Born in Liberia, Kirat's family belongs to a Sikh family from Chandigarh.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Language | Notes |
| 2006 | Dongodi Pelli | Ratna | Telugu | Debut Telugu film |
| 2006 | Vattaram | Sangeetha Gurupadam | Tamil | Debut Tamil film |
| 2007 | Geleya | Nandini | Kannada | Debut Kannada film |
| 2008 | Santhosh Subramaniam | Rajeshwari | Tamil | |
| 2008 | Durai | Anjali | Tamil | |
| 2009 | Naa Style Veru | Divya | Telugu | |
# Brian Gilbert (director)

Brian Gilbert is a film director. Born in England, he spent much of his childhood in Australia, where he was a child actor of film, television and radio. Returning to England at the age of fourteen, he attended the Harrow County Grammar School for Boys and completed his education at Oxford University.
He continued working as a professional actor until 1979, when he joined the National Film and Television School as a directing student. So well-received was his graduation film, The Devotee that producer David Puttnam immediately commissioned him to write and direct a feature-length film for the Channel Four First Love series in the 1980s. From there, he went on to direct The Frog Prince (French Lessons US title), a French-English co-production.
Subsequently, he has worked in both Hollywood and the UK, directing Vice Versa in 1988, and in 1991 - Not Without My Daughter, the adaptation of the controversial best-seller of the same name, which starred Sally Field as Betty Mahmoody.
Four years later came Tom & Viv starring Willem Dafoe and Miranda Richardson, the story of poet T. S. Eliot's first marriage, nominated for two Academy Awards. This was eventually followed by the 1997 production Wilde, starring Jude Law and Stephen Fry, based on the Richard Ellmann biography of Oscar Wilde. In 2003, he directed The Gathering, starring Christina Ricci. He wrote and directed the documentary Lord Haw-Haw: Portrait of a Fanatic for UK and Irish television, and in 2006, directed the stage version of Mary Kenny's play Allegiance, starring Mel Smith, and produced by Daniel Jewel, at the Edinburgh Festival. He is currently a regular guest tutor at the National Film and Television School.

## Filmography

* Allegiance (2005)
* Lord Haw-Haw: Portrait of a Fanatic - 2005
* The Gathering - 2003
* Wilde - 1997
* Tom & Viv - 1994
* Not Without My Daughter - 1991
* Vice Versa - 1988
* French Lesson - 1985
* Sharma and Beyond - 1984
# Saint-Georges-des-Groseillers

Saint-Georges-des-Groseillers (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.

## Geography

The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, La Fosse, La Riptière, La Bourdonnière, Launay Cornu, Bellevue, Le Haut Faix, Le Hameau de Vère, Le Bas Faix and Saint-Georges-des-Groseillers.
It is 710 hectares (2.7 sq mi) in size. The highest point in the commune is 210 metres (690 ft).
A river, La Vere, along with the Aubusson stream are the only two watercourses flowing through the commune.
# Blue Bridge, Wolverton

Blue Bridge was built in the 1830s to span the London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) (now the West Coast Main Line near Wolverton Works in Buckinghamshire, southern England. It was designed by Robert Stephenson, the L&BR's chief engineer and extended in the 1880s when the line was widened. It is a Grade II listed building. When a modern bridge (Millers Way) was built alongside, it continued in use for a time as a shared path but, after being declared unsafe, is no no longer open for use.
The name "Blue Bridge" is used for a small modern residential district just to the east.

## Description

The bridge is an accommodation bridge, built to provide access to a farm after the road was severed by the construction of the railway. It has three elliptical arches in blue engineering brick which stand on piers of local coursed, squared limestone, faced with rock. The arches have substantial stone imposts and a stone course below parapet level. The parapets are in brick with a combination of stone and concrete coping. The much larger extension was built onto the end of the original. It has a pair of segmental arches almost entirely in blue brick. It has a broad stone roll cornice and a stepped parapet at the far end from the original bridge.

## History

The original bridge was designed by Robert Stephenson, the chief engineer to the London and Birmingham Railway, and was opened at roughly the same time as the line in 1838. The extension was built between 1878 and 1882 when the L&BR's successor, the London and North Western Railway quadruple-tracked the line. At the same time, the line was diverted slightly to the east to allow for an extension of Wolverton Works. The cutting under the original bridge is now empty. the line is now the West Coast Main Line, which passes under the extension. The bridge has since been bypassed by a modern replacement and is now disused.
The original bridge is unusual among Stephenson's bridges in being built from stone rather than brick, possibly material excavated from the cutting it spans. All other overbridges on this section of line were rebuilt in the 1950s when overhead electrification equipment was installed, making the Blue Bridge a possibly unique survivor. It is one of multiple surviving original L&BR bridges in the vicinity, including a bridge over the canal, that over Old Wolverton Road, and Wolverton Viaduct to the north of the town. The Blue Bridge has been a Grade II listed building 2001. Listed status provides legal protection from demolition or unsympathetic alteration.
# Howmeh-ye Gharbi Rural District (Izeh County)

Howmeh-ye Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان حومه غربي) is in the Central District of Izeh County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Rasfand.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 8,813 in 1,587 households. There were 8,118 inhabitants in 1,765 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 7,711 in 1,789 households. The most populous of its 28 villages was Balutak-e Sheykhan, with 2,288 people.
# Rasfand

Rasfand (Persian: راسفند) is a village in, and the capital of, Howmeh-ye Gharbi Rural District of the Central District of Izeh County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,135 in 189 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,625 people in 340 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,596 people in 330 households.
# Playmates (1972 film)

Playmates is a 1972 American made-for-television romantic comedy film starring Alan Alda, Connie Stevens, Barbara Feldon, Doug McClure and directed by Theodore J. Flicker. It originally aired as the ABC Movie of the Week on October 3, 1972.
Stevens called it "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice that doesn't cop out at the key moment."

## Plot

Marshall and Kermit are two good friends who are divorced from their respective wives. While Marshall is a well-educated lawyer who runs his own practice, Kermit is a welder who makes minimum wage. One weekend, Marshall hosts his ex-wife Lois, Kermit, and Kermit's ex-wife Patti for a meal at his apartment. The men get friendly with each other's former spouses, leading to romantic entanglements.

## Cast

* Alan Alda as Marshall Barnett
* Connie Stevens as Patti Holvey
* Barbara Feldon as Lois Barnett
* Doug McClure as Kermit Holvey

## Reception

The Los Angeles Times said it "packs a wallop". The Village Voice was more critical, noting that in the film, "women come off as fools whose interests are to be ridiculed. Intellectuals come off as impotent frauds unable to be good in bed or in things cultural. Working men come off as boors, unable to appreciate anything except to worship status and money".
This was a large ratings success, ranking among the 20 most viewed films on TV for a time.
# Souss-Massa-Drâa

Souss-Massa-Drâa (Arabic: سوس ماسة درعة) was formerly one of the sixteen regions of Morocco from 1997 to 2015. It covered an area of 70,880 km$^2$ and had a population of 3,601,917 (2014 census). The capital is Agadir. One of the major languages spoken in this region of Morocco is tasoussit variant of Tashelhit.

## Administrative divisions

The region was made up of the following provinces and prefectures:
* Prefecture of Agadir-Ida-Ou Tanane (now part of the Souss-Massa Region)
* Préfecture of Inezgane-Ait Melloul (now part of the Souss-Massa Region)
* Shtouka Ait Baha Province (now part of the Souss-Massa Region)
* Ouarzazate Province (now part of the Drâa-Tafilalet Region)
* Sidi Ifni Province (since 2009; now part of the Guelmim-Oued Noun Region)
* Taroudant Province (now part of the Souss-Massa Region)
* Tinghir Province (since 2009; now part of the Drâa-Tafilalet Region)
* Tiznit Province (now part of the Souss-Massa Region)
* Zagora Province (now part of the Drâa-Tafilalet Region)