OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Veitch (horticulturist)

John Veitch (/viːtʃ/; 1752–1839) was the Scottish horticulturist who founded the Veitch dynasty who created the Exeter-based firm of Veitch Nurseries.

## Life

Veitch was born October 1752 in Ancrum, near Jedburgh, His parents were Thomas and Mary Veitch and his father the gardener at Ancrum House. Veitch was the eldest of five children and he worked in a nursery in nearby Hassendean with Lees. He completed his apprenticeship with Lees of Hammersmith on a wage of eight shillings a week. He then moved to Devon, to take up employment with Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 7th Baronet at Killerton House, Broadclyst. As well as making the most of the superb natural features at Killerton, Veitch had paths and borders added and made full use of the gentle south facing slope and sheltered aspect. He quickly became the agent for the Acland Estate and had established his first nursery at Budlake, near Killerton, by 1800.
Sir Thomas died in 1785, and work on Killerton House had fallen into abeyance. Veitch carried on his flourishing business as a landscape consultant and tree contractor, and in 1800, he became firmly established as a nurseryman following an order for trees to the value of £1,212. These were for Luscombe Castle where the renowned landscaper Humphry Repton was undertaking a major replanting of the main valley area.
Veitch and his wife, Anna Davidson, had six children, including James, who helped his father on the Killerton estate from a very early age.
As the nursery business expanded, Veitch rented more land in 1810 before moving the operation to larger premises at Mount Radford, Exeter, in 1832. He was soon succeeded in the business by his son, James and grandson James junior, with James taking over the Exeter nursery, while James junior was sent to London to train there for two years as a nurseryman, before returning to Exeter, where he helped his father improve and expand the Exeter nursery, before acquiring premises in Chelsea, London.
John Veitch remained at Budlake and spent some time running down the nursery with another son, Thomas. As the Budlake venture closed other land purchases were made including, in 1836, a 7-acre (28,000 m$^2$) site at Broadclyst Heath called "Brockhill" to hold the majority of the tree stock from Budlake and in 1838 11 acres (0.045 km$^2$) were purchased at Haldon for ornamentals. John Veitch entered retirement at Killerton aged 85 years and died there in 1839.
# The Wheel of the Law

The Wheel of the Law is a lost 1916 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Metro Pictures and starring Emily Stevens. It was directed by George D. Baker.

## Cast

* Emily Stevens as Mona Mainard
* Frank R. Mills as John Norton (*this Frank Mills, actor born 1870 died 1921)
* Raymond McKee as Tommy Mainard
* Edwin Holt as 'Big' Bill Ryan
* Roma Raymond as Pearl Le Claire
* Harry Davenport as John Daniels
* Jerome N. Wilson as Jimmy McClane
* Charles Eldridge as Frank Wills
* Kalman Matus (unidentified role)
* Thomas McGrath (unidentified role)
# The Whip Hand

The Whip Hand is a 1951 American film directed by William Cameron Menzies and starring Carla Balenda and Elliott Reid.

## Plot

Journalist Matt Corbin (Elliott Reid) is traveling through Wisconsin on a fishing trip and comes across a nearly deserted town where the few inhabitants left are secretive and hostile. A shifty lodge owner named Steve Loomis (Raymond Burr) warns Matt away, claiming all the fish died off mysteriously years ago. The story just makes Matt more curious, and his investigations soon uncover a Kremlin plot to poison the American water supply. Now he just needs to get back to the city alive.

## Cast

* Carla Balenda as Janet Keller
* Elliott Reid as Matt Corbin
* Edgar Barrier as Dr. Edward Keller
* Raymond Burr as Steve Loomis
* Otto Waldis as Dr. Wilhelm Bucholtz
* Michael Steele as Chick
* Lurene Tuttle as Molly Loomis
* Peter Brocco as Nate Garr
* Lewis Martin as Peterson
* Frank Darien as Luther Adams
* Olive Carey as Mabel Turner

## Production

In July 1949, RKO purchased the screen story written by Roy Hamilton. The film was originally set in New England, and was titled The Man He Found; the term "the whip hand" comes from horse racing, and is a metaphor for having the advantage or upper hand. In the original story the villains were escaped German Nazis involved in a plot to hide Adolf Hitler, portrayed by Bobby Watson. When Howard Hughes viewed the completed film in November 1950, he announced that Nazis were no longer villains, Communists were, and ordered portions of the film reshot. Wheeler W. Dixon writes that "The Whip Hand compels the viewer's attention through the sheer visual frenzy of its violent, aggressive camera work, coupled with its nightmarish, forced-perspective sets, which seems to overpower both the view and the film's protagonists."
Location shooting took place in Big Bear Lake as well as at RKO's ranch in Encino.
The film lost an estimated $225,000.

## Critical reception

A review of the film at Cinema Sentries described it as "a Cold War paranoia flick about those darned Communists" and a "fun Red Scare outing" that "isn't really bad," although at the box office it "flopped about like a germ-infested trout out of water before being doomed to a life of late night television obscurity." Critic Gregory Meshman described it as a "curious film, which manages to generate some tension and suspense along the way," that "Menzies [...] provides able direction and manages to get good performances from the film's no-big-names cast," and that "it's kind of like Bad Day at Black Rock, where a loner insists on solving a terrible secret despite the fact that the whole town is in on the conspiracy."
# The Whirlpool (1918 film)

The Whirlpool is a 1918 American silent crime film directed by Alan Crosland and starring Alice Brady, Holmes Herbert and William B. Davidson.

## Cast

* Alice Brady as Isabele Corbyn, aka Bella Cavello
* Holmes Herbert as Judge Reverton
* J.H. Gilmour as Ferris
* William B. Davidson as Arthur Hallam
* Robert Walker as Richard Brettner
* Warren Cook as Colonel Warren
* W.E. Williams as Dr. Comyns
* Louise Lee as Mrs. Danzart
* Virginia Lee as Miss Danzart
* Mabel Guilford as Nurse
* Wallace Clarke as Butler
* H. Van Beusen as Detective
* Joseph Burke as Guide
# Zhang Ling (gymnast)

Zhang Ling is a Chinese rhythmic gymnast. She competed in the group rhythmic gymnastics competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics, where the team was eliminated in the qualification round.
# The White Angel (1955 film)

L'angelo bianco (internationally released as The White Angel) is a 1955 Italian melodrama film directed by Raffaello Matarazzo. It is the sequel to Nobody's Children (1951). According to the author Louis Bayman, this couple of films "sealed director Raffaello Matarazzo's reputation as king of the Italian melodramatists".
The film's sets were designed by the art director Ottavio Scotti.

## Cast

* Amedeo Nazzari as Guido Carani
* Yvonne Sanson as Lina Marcolin/Luisa Fanti
* Enrico Olivieri as Bruno Carani
* Enrica Dyrell as Elena Carani
* Alberto Farnese as Poldo
* Flora Lillo as Flora
* Philippe Hersent as Mario La Torre
* Nerio Bernardi as avvocato Rossi
* Virgilio Riento as dottor Marini
* Olga Solbelli as madre superiora
* Ignazio Balsamo as poliziotto
* Franca Parisi as cameriera
* Emilio Cigoli as direttore della prigione
* Rina Franchetti as prigioniera
* Silvana Jachino as prigioniera
* Paola Quattrini as Anna Carani
# Ma Menglu

Ma Menglu (simplified Chinese: 马梦露; traditional Chinese: 馬夢露; pinyin: Mǎ Mènglù; born (1997-09-24)24 September 1997) is a Chinese female track cyclist. She won the gold medal in the team pursuit at the 2016 Asian Cycling Championships.

## Major results
### 2016

    1st Team Pursuit, Asian Track Championships (with Chen Lulu, Huang Dongyan and Wang Hong)

### 2017

    1st Team Pursuit, National Track Championships (with Huang Dongyan, Jing Yali and Wang Hong)
# Brigitte Dzogbenuku

Brigitte Dzogbenuku is a Ghanaian politician and beauty queen who won Miss Ghana 1990. During 2020, she was the presidential candidate for the Progressive People's Party.

## Education

Dzogbenuku had her secondary education at Wesley Girls High School in Cape Coast. She proceeded to the University of Ghana to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree in Modern Languages.

## Career

Dzogbenuku is a columnist at the Graphic Communication Group Limited where she writes for Graphic Mirror under Manners Matter. She was formerly General Manager at the Aviation Social Center for more than 12 years. She also worked with Ashanti Goldfields Corporation as well as SC Johnson Wax Ghana. She established a recreational management consultancy which operated the Barclays clubhouse for a period. She has worked on Mujeres Por Africa/ NYU Wagner Institute program as a facilitator. She has set-up an institution to groom women in leadership called Mentoring Women Ghana (MWG).
She became a politician, like her Miss Ghana successor, Matilda Aku Alomatu who also went into a public life.

## Awards and recognition

Dzogbenuku won the Miss Ghana beauty pageant in 1990. She also won the Fortune/Goldman Sachs Women's Leadership Award in 2008.
# Wang Jinlin

Wang Jinlin (born 13 April 1972) is a Chinese modern pentathlete. She represented China at the 2000 Summer Olympics held in Sydney, Australia in the women's modern pentathlon and she finished in 20th place.
# The White Masai (film)

The White Masai (German: Die weiße Massai) is a 2005 film directed by Hermine Huntgeburth and starring Nina Hoss and Jacky Ido. The screenplay concerns Carola, a woman who falls in love in Kenya with Maasai Lemalian. The film is based on an autobiographical novel of the same name by the German born writer Corinne Hofmann. In the film version, names have been changed from those in the novel.

## Plot

Carola (Hoss), a German woman living in Switzerland, is on holiday with her boyfriend in Kenya. She falls in love with Maasai warrior Lemalian (Ido), who is visiting dressed in the clothing of his area. At the airport on the way home she decides to stay. It turns out that Lemalian has gone to his home village in the Samburu District. Carola travels to the area, and stays at the house of another German woman who married a Kenyan man. Lemalian hears about her stay and comes to meet her. Eventually they start living together.
She travels to Switzerland to sell her shop there, promising Lemalian to come back to him. She does, and they marry and have a daughter named Sarai. Carola buys a car and starts a shop. They lose money on the shop because Lemalian gives too much credit to friends and neighbors, and because they have to pay bribes to the mini-chief. Lemalian argues that this is no problem because she has more money in Switzerland.
The mini-chief demands that Carola hires his teenage nephew as a shop assistant. She has to accept this although she does not need him and he does not work hard. After some time, when he is just drinking beer and not working, she fires him. Later he returns and attacks her. A local judge rules that she has to pay two goats for firing him, but the boy's family has to pay her five goats to compensate for the attack.
Carola is frustrated by the female circumcision being practiced in the village. She wants to stop it, but it is a long tradition that is not easily changed.
When Carola helps a pregnant woman in labour with a breech birth, Lemalian refuses to assist because the woman is supposedly bewitched.
Lemalian does not want Carola to be friendly with other men, even if she is just serving a customer in a friendly way. He is very jealous and suspicious of Carola having a boyfriend. He even wants to kill a man he suspects.
Carola wants to return to Switzerland with Sarai, stating she needs a two-week holiday. After some hesitation, Lemalian signs a form giving Carola consent to take the girl out of Kenya, although he suspects that she will not return.
# Proshermacha maculata

Proshermacha maculata is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Anamidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1918 by Australian arachnologists William Joseph Rainbow and Robert Henry Pulleine.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Western Australia, on the Darling Scarp and the Swan Coastal Plain near the city of Perth, in closed heath and low open forest habitats. The type locality is Jarrahdale.

## Behaviour and ecology

The spiders are fossorial, terrestrial predators. They inhabit gullies on the scarp and swamp fringes on the coastal plain.
# Young Concert Artists

Young Concert Artists is a New York City-based artist management company dedicated to discovering and advancing the careers of talented young classical musicians from around the world. The organization, founded in 1961, invites artists to audition and compete as soloists or in an ensemble. The number of winners varies from year to year, as there is no specified limit to the number of participants who can win.
Winners of the competition receive a cash prize and are provided the opportunity to perform in concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City and the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. They are also provided with managers who secure concerts both in the United States and abroad, and assist with publicity materials, promotion, and career development. Many artists in the program's history have also made their debut recordings through the support of the organization.
Notable alumni who began their careers at Young Concert Artists include violinists Pinchas Zukerman, Ray Chen, Anne Akiko Meyers, Viviane Hagner, Karen Gomyo, Jean-Jacques Kantorow, Mayuko Kamio, Ida Kavafian and Randall Goosby; pianists Murray Perahia, Emanuel Ax, Jean-Yves Thibaudet, Richard Goode, Jean-Efflam Bavouzet, Fazıl Say, Lise de la Salle, Freddy Kempf, Olli Mustonen, Jeremy Denk, and George Li; cellists Alban Gerhardt, Narek Hakhnazaryan and Edgar Moreau; violists Nobuko Imai and Antoine Tamestit; the Tokyo, St. Lawrence, and Modigliani string quartets; singers Dawn Upshaw, Julia Bullock, and Sasha Cooke; and composers Andrew Norman, Mason Bates and Kevin Puts.

## List of winners

Young Concert Artists refers to its winners as alumni:
# Doctortown, Georgia

Doctortown is a ghost town in Wayne County, Georgia. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.

## History

The first white settlement at Doctortown was made in 1827, at the site where a Native American village once stood. A post office was established at Doctortown in 1857, and remained in operation until 1967. The community was named for the fact a medicine man once had lived near the original town site.
# Andrés Jiménez (soccer)

Andrés Jiménez Aranzazu (born March 9, 2000) is an American soccer player who currently plays as a midfielder for Chattanooga FC.

## Club career

Born March 9, 2000, in Miami, Florida, Jiménez started his career with Envigado in 2013. Jiménez was announced as a new signing for USL Championship side Las Vegas Lights on January 25, 2023.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of January 25, 2022.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Envigado | 2019 | Categoría Primera A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Envigado | 2020 | Categoría Primera A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Envigado | 2021 | Categoría Primera A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Envigado | 2022 | Categoría Primera A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |

#### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in the Copa Colombia
# Peroxyacyl nitrates

In organic chemistry, peroxyacyl nitrates (also known as Acyl peroxy nitrates, APN or PANs) are powerful respiratory and eye irritants present in photochemical smog. They are nitrates produced in the thermal equilibrium between organic peroxy radicals by the gas-phase oxidation of a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or by aldehydes and other oxygenated VOCs oxidizing in the presence of NO$_2$.
They are good markers for the source of VOCs as either biogenic or anthropogenic, which is useful in the study of global and local effects of pollutants.

## Formation

PANs are secondary pollutants, which means they are not directly emitted as exhaust from power plants or internal combustion engines, but they are formed from other pollutants by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Free radical reactions catalyzed by ultraviolet light from the sun oxidize unburned non-methane$^{:2679}$ hydrocarbons to aldehydes, ketones, and dicarbonyls, whose secondary reactions create peroxyacyl radicals. The most common peroxyacyl radical is peroxyacetyl, which can be formed from the free radical oxidation of acetaldehyde, various ketones, or the photolysis of dicarbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal or diacetyl.
    Hydrocarbons + O$_2$ + light → RC(O)OO$^•$
These react reversibly with nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) to form PANs:$^{:2680}$
    RC(O)OO$^•$ + NO$_2$$^•$ ⇌ RC(O)OONO$_2$
Night-time reaction of aldehydes with nitrogen trioxide is another possible source.$^{:2680}$
Since they dissociate quite slowly in the atmosphere into radicals and NO$_2$, PANs are able to transport these unstable compounds far away from the urban and industrial origin. This is important for tropospheric ozone production as PANs transport NO$_x$ to regions where it can more efficiently produce ozone.

## Types

Peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most prevalent peroxyacyl nitrate (75–90% of total atmospheric emissions),$^{:2681}$ followed by peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN). Peroxybenzoyl nitrate (PBzN) and methacryloyl peroxynitrate (MPAN) have also been observed. The composition of PANs in a particular region depends heavily on which hydrocarbons are present in the atmosphere, with the exception of peroxyacetyl nitrate, which is able to be produced from a range of precursors.$^{:7624}$

## Health effects

PANs are both toxic and irritating, as they dissolve more readily in water than ozone. They are lachrymators, causing eye irritation at concentrations of only a few parts per billion. At higher concentrations they cause extensive damage to vegetation. PANs are mutagenic, and are considered potential contributors to the development of skin cancer.
# Tabariji of Ternate

Tabariji or Tabarija (c. 1518–1545) was the Sultan of Ternate in Maluku, whose realm also included Makian and other east Indonesian islands. He reigned from 1533 to 1535, when he was deposed by the dominant Portuguese and exiled to India. He later became a convert to Catholicism under the name Dom Manuel.

## Reign

Tabariji was the son of Sultan Bayan Sirrullah (also known as Abu Lais) and his first and primary wife, Nyaicili Boki Raja. Nyaicili was the daughter of the King of Tidore; her brother Mir ruled that kingdom after the death of their father in 1526, which gave her increased political leverage. The Portuguese had previously arrived from Melaka in order to secure the spice trade and built a fort on Ternate in 1522-1523. They soon came to dominate the Ternatan court and manipulated the succession. All this led to great resentment among the Ternatan elite. The Portuguese captain Vincente de Fonseca and the Ternatan regent Pati Sarangi planned to assassinate the boy king Dayal who however managed to flee to Tidore. Now Dayal's half-brother Tabariji was placed on the throne by Fonseca. His step-father Pati Sarangi acted as regent since the Sultan was barely 15 years old. After two years an incident occurred where Ternatan forces, opposing the interests of the Portuguese, attacked a newly Christianized settlement on Halmahera. This motivated the new captain Tristão de Ataide to depose Tabariji in favor of another half-brother, Hairun in 1535. The ex-sultan was exiled to the center of Portuguese power in Asia, Goa.

## Baptism and death

While in Goa he befriended the Portuguese official Jordão de Freitas who influenced him in his conversion to Catholic Christianity. His baptismal name was Dom Manuel which he henceforth used. In 1544 Freitas was appointed new captain in Ternate by the authorities in Goa. When he sailed for Southeast Asia to take up his new position, he brought Tabariji with him. The idea was to depose Sultan Hairun and reinstall Tabariji. With a Christian ruler over the leading Malukan kingdom, the conversion of Maluku would apparently be facilitated. Leaving Tabariji in Melaka, Freitas proceeded to Ternate where he imprisoned Hairun and the Kapita Laut (sea lord) Samarau and persuaded the notables of the kingdom to accept Tabariji back. Hairun was brought to Melaka, but just as he approached the city, Tabariji suddenly passed away on 20 October 1545. According to a rumour, Hairun had him poisoned. In his will he gave over his realm to the King of Portugal, including Ternate and the dependent islands and territories Moti, Makian, Kayoa and Moro. The will was later used by the Portuguese to argue that the Ternate rulers were their lawful vassals.
# Vasile Tonoiu

Vasile Tonoiu (3 February 1941 – 9 June 2023) was a Romanian philosopher, professor at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Bucharest and titular member of the Romanian Academy since 2003.
After completing high school in Curtea de Argeș, he studied philosophy at the University of Bucharest, and obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1971. The next year he was awarded the Vasile Conta Prize of the Romanian Academy.
Tonoiu died on 9 June 2023, at the age of 82.

## Translations

* Alexandre Koyré, translated by Vasile Tonoiu and Anca Baluta-Skultely, La lumea închisă a universului infinit, Bucharest, Humanitas, 1997.
* Gaston Bachelard, translated by Vasile Tonoiu, Dialectica spiritului științific modern, Bucharest, Scientific and Encyclopedic Publishing House, 1986.
* Paul Ricœur, translated by Vasile Tonoiu, Eseuri de hermeneutică, Bucharest, Humanitas, 1995.

## Works

* Idoneismul filosofie a deschiderii, București, Editura Politică, 1972
* Dialectică și relativism, București, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, 1978
* Ontologii arhaice în actualitate, București, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, 1989
* Dialog filozofic și filozofie a dialogului, București, Editura Științifică, 1997
* In căutarea unei paradigme a complexității, Editura Iri, 1997
* Ințelepciune versus filosofie, București, Editura Academiei Române, 2007
* Altfel de proze, seria Filozofie, Editura Paideia [ro]
# Helen Boyce

Helen Boyce, (born Helen Boise; September 24, 1918 – February 27, 1997) was an American film actress of the 1940s.

## Biography

Born in Missouri, Boyce moved to Hollywood in the early 1940s to pursue a career in acting. Her first film role was uncredited, in the 1943 film Above Suspicion, starring Joan Crawford and Basil Rathbone. 1945 and 1946 were her biggest years, with her appearing in five films over the two-year period. Her biggest role during her short-lived career was the 1946 film Abilene Town, starring Randolph Scott and Lloyd Bridges. In 1947 and 1948 she had only three film appearances, only one of which was credited, that one being the 1947 film Hollywood Barn Dance. Her last appearance was uncredited, in the 1948 film Arch of Triumph. She retired afterwards, and settled in Burbank, California, where she was living at the time of her death on February 27, 1997.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1943 | Above Suspicion | Fat Dowager Dancing with Hassert | (uncredited) |
| 1945 | Abbott and Costello in Hollywood | Richly Dressed Woman | (uncredited) |
| 1945 | Spreadin' the Jam | Landlady | (short, as Helen Boise) |
| 1945 | Ziegfeld Follies | Countness ("This Heart of Mine") | (uncredited) |
| 1946 | Abilene Town | Big Anne | |
| 1946 | Inside Job | Overweight Woman | (uncredited) |
| 1946 | Double Rhythm (a.k.a. Musical Parade: Double Rhythm) | Kate | short |
| 1947 | Hollywood Barn Dance | Esmeralda 'Ezzy' Perkins | |
| 1947 | Merton of the Movies | Minor Role | (uncredited) |
| 1948 | Arch of Triumph | German Woman | (uncredited) |