OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bukar Kura of Borno

Bukar or Bukar Kura bin Umar al-Kanemi (c. 1830-c. 1884 or 1885) was Shehu of Borno from 1881 to c. 1884.

## Reign of Bukar

Bukar became Shehu of Borno in 1881 at the death of his father Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin. His three-year reign was marked by a deep economic crisis which forced him to impose a tax on his subjects. In Kanuri language, this tax was called kumoreji (splitting a calabash in half) which meant that Bukar appropriated half the wealth of his subjects.

## Bukar as seen by Heinrich Barth

In 1851, a British expedition led by Heinrich Barth arrived in Borno. Barth met Bukar when he was around twelve and according to him he was:
   the eldest son of Omar who now unfortunately seems to have the best claim to the succession, he was a child devoid of intelligence, or noble feelings

## Dynasty

Bukar Kura of Borno House of Kanemi :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byUmar of Borno | 4th Shehu of Borno 1881-1884 | Succeeded byIbrahim Kura |

## Footnotes

* ↑ Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs, 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186.
* ↑ Louis Brenner, The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu, Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.86-88.
* ↑ Herbert Richmond Palmer, The Bornu Sahara and Sudan (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.
* ↑ Heinrich Barth,Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa (London: Longman, 1857), p.83.
# Rhode Lee Michelson

Rhode Lee Michelson (March 9, 1943 – February 15, 1961) was an American figure skater. She placed third at the 1961 U.S. Championships, earning her the chance to compete a month later at the World Championships. A hip injury forced Rhode to withdraw from the North American Championships in early February 1961. She was killed along with the entire 1961 United States Figure Skating team on February 15, 1961, when Sabena Flight 548 crashed near Brussels, Belgium, en route to the World Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. She was just 17 years old when she died.

## Results

| Event | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 |
| North American Championships | | | | WD |
| U.S. Championships | 1st N. | 3rd J. | 2nd J. | 3rd |
* N. = novice, J. = junior
# Mohamed Hammed

Mohamed Hammed (born 23 September 1987) is a Tunisian archer. He competed in the men's individual event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
In 2019, he won the silver medal in the men's recurve event at the African Games held in Rabat, Morocco. He also won the silver medal in the men's team recurve event.
# Jim Rogers (California politician)

Jim Rogers (born September 10, 1955) is an American politician. He served on the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors in the 1990s, and was a city council member for the city of Richmond, California for three terms. He was first elected to the city council in 2002, and his final term expired in January 2015. He is a Democrat, considered a moderate, and has also been referred to as a progressive. He was called the San Francisco Bay Area's most famous lawyer because of television ads in which he dubbed himself as "The People's Lawyer".

## Early life and education

Rogers is native of Ohio. He is a graduate of University of California, Berkeley and University of California, Davis School of Law (King Hall). He was admitted to the California bar in 1980.

## History
### 1980s to 2000s

In 1988 he wrote a law regarding campaign finance reform. This was later struck down by the courts, but it gave him name recognition.
From 1994 to 1998 he was a member of the board of supervisors of Contra Costa County, California. While a county supervisor he worked on educating the business community on how to bid on public contracts. He lost re-election to John Gioia a former supporter of his that ran on a campaign focusing on Rogers alleged absence from the day-to-day affairs of Contra Costa County voters.

### 2000s-present

Rogers was a city council member for the city of Richmond, California for three terms. He was first elected to the council in 2002 and the re-elected in 2006. In an interview with Richmond Confidential he stated his biggest contributions to Richmond while in office where the halving of the homicide rate, a 31-year low of unemployment, and saving Kennedy High School and other schools from closure all on a tight budget.
2004 brought his support for the Guideville Band of Pomo Indians Point Molate Naval Fuel Depot site casino stating it was an enormous opportunity for jobs. Although no longer in office, Rogers is currently working on funding for various sustainability projects in Richmond.
In 2009 he was supportive of edible front yard gardens along with then mayor Gayle McGlaughlin. In 2014 he opposed a blanket minimum wage increase while supporting it for many business however citing that some businesses would leave the city he pushed for exemptions for certain employers, mostly those with smaller payrolls.
In 2014 he negotiated "the Richmond Promise" with Chevron Corporation master of the city's Richmond Chevron Refinery wherein the corporation would shelve out $35 million in scholarships for every Richmond college student attending a technical, community, four-year-university. He has also stated that Chevron took a "leaner, meaner" attitude toward Richmondites in recent years in 2008.
In 2015 there was an attempt to appoint him to a vacant seat on the Richmond city council to avoid the costs of a special election since he was the next runner up in the city's ranked choice voting system. This did not happen.
# Burnt Ranch Historical Monument

Burnt Ranch is a historical monument near (and original site of) South Pass City, Wyoming.
# Barry Rubinow

Barry Rubinow (born 1956) is a film executive and editor, born in Glen Rock, New Jersey, a suburb of New York City. Currently, he lives in West Hills, Los Angeles, California.

## Education

Rubinow received his Bachelor of Arts from Bucknell University with a major in English and Psychology in 1978. In 1981, he completed a Master of Fine Arts at the School of Cinematic Arts at the University of Southern California.

## Career

Rubinow is the Senior Vice President of Documentary Channel, where he supervises all original production and post production. DOC is the first channel in the United States to show documentaries on a full-time basis. The Documentary Channel was created in 1998 and is currently on the Dish Network, Channel 197.
Rubinow is also a television and documentary film editor.
In 1999, Rubinow produced and directed the 35mm feature film The Set Effect.

## Filmography (producing and directing)

Feature film
* The Set Effect (1999)
Documentaries (producing)
* Hot Docs (2006)

## Filmography (editing)

Short documentaries
* Red Grooms: Sunflower in a Hothouse (1986)
* Louise Dahl-Wolfe: Painting with Light (1999)
* Herb Alpert: Music for Your Eyes (2003)
Feature documentaries
* Country Music: The Spirit of America (IMAX, 2003) aka, Our Country
* Chances: The Women of Magdalene (2006)
* Lords of BSV (2016)
Television documentaries
* Frederic Remington: The Truth of Other Days (PBS, 1991)
* Beatrice Wood: Mama of Dada (PBS, 1994)
* America's Music: The Roots of Country (TBS 1996)
Television series
* Beakman's World (1993)
* COPS (1993–1994)
* Ultimate 10 (1999)
* The Eddie Files (1997–2000)
* Born American (2003)
* Doc Talk (2006)
* Hot Docs (2006)

## Awards

Wins
* Academy of Television Arts & Sciences: Emmy Award, Beakman's World, editing, 1995
# The Big Noise (1936 British film)

The Big Noise is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Alex Bryce and starring Alastair Sim, Norah Howard and Fred Duprez. The film was a quota quickie made at Wembley Studios by the Hollywood studio Fox's British subsidiary.

## Synopsis

A clerk in an oil company is promoted in order to make him the fall guy for a series of illegal transactions that have brought it to the brink of ruin, but instead manages to turn the business around

## Cast

* Alastair Sim as Finny
* Norah Howard as Mary Miller
* Fred Duprez as Henry Hadley
* Grizelda Harvey as Consuelo
* C. Denier Warren as E. Pinkerton Gale
* Viola Compton as Mrs. Dayton
* Peter Popp as Jenkins
* Howard Douglas as Gluckstein
* Reginald Forsyth as Orchestra Leader
* Edie Martin as Old Lady
# Shaun Griffiths

Shaun Griffiths (born 24 November 1991) is an English professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.

## Career

Griffiths won consecutive Winmau World Youth Masters titles in 2007 and 2008. In 2010, he won the British Teenage Open and reached the quarter-finals of the 2011 PDC Under-21 World Championship, losing 3–4 to Michael van Gerwen. Griffiths qualified for the 2011 BDO World Darts Championship by defeating John Henderson, John Lakeman and Andy Boulton. In the first round he lost 0–3 in sets to Joey ten Berge.
Griffiths qualified for the 2011 PDC Pro Tour as one of four semi-finalists from the first day of the Q School. His best result of the year came at the Bobby Bourn Memorial Players Championship, when he lost to James Wade in the last 16.
He is sponsored by the Sky Sports darts commentator John Gwynne. He works as a sales assistant at the Trafford Centre and supports Manchester City F.C.

## World Championship results
### BDO

* 2011: First round (lost to Joey ten Berge 0–3) (sets)
# The Passing of Wolf MacLean

The Passing of Wolf MacLean is a 1924 silent Western film directed by Paul Hurst and produced by and starring Jack Mower.

## Plot

As described in a review in a film magazine, Bert Granger (Fenton) gambles, drinks and runs a saloon in which his two children, Benny (Fox) and Alice (Rayford), are the entertainers. The Stranger (Mower) comes along, stops a drinking bout, gets into a fight and is victorious. After that he and Alice become interested in one another. Bert loses his property to card sharps. Young Benny sees a big reward for the arrest of “Wolf MacLean” and, as the Stranger tallies with the description, he arrests him. The old man reforms and makes Benny a partner in a new grocery business. Benny aids the Stranger to escape. The Stranger is just about to be hanged by the card sharks when Parson Williams (Hallett) makes known that he is the criminal and that the sharks are his confederates.

## Cast

* Jack Mower as Wolf MacLean, a stranger (credited as Jack Meehan)
* Johnny Fox as Benny Granger (credited as Johnnie Fox)
* Alma Rayford as Alice Granger
* Mark Fenton as Bert Granger
* Al Hallett as Parson Dan Williams

## Preservation

With no prints of The Passing of Wolf MacLean located in any film archives, it is a lost film.
# Gary Shaw (footballer, born 1961)

Gary Robert Shaw (21 January 1961 – 16 September 2024) was an English professional football striker who played for Aston Villa in the early 1980s.

## Club career

During the 1980s, Shaw's goals helped Aston Villa win the First Division championship in 1980–81 and the European Cup the following year – the only Birmingham-born player in the team. In 1981, he was voted PFA Young Player of the Year, and was awarded the Bravo Award the following year, as the best under-23 player in European competitions.
His promising Villa career was hindered after sustaining a knee injury in an away game at Nottingham Forest in September 1983. After a heavy tackle, he was helped to his feet by Ian Bowyer and, in Shaw's words, something in his knee 'clicked'. The rest of his career was plagued by frequent injuries. He continued to play for Villa until the conclusion of the 1987–88 season.
In July 1988 he made his debut for Copenhagen-based Kjøbenhavns Boldklub in Denmark, moving to Austria Klagenfurt in Austria in 1989. He finished his career with brief spells at Walsall, Kilmarnock, Shrewsbury Town and the Hong Kong-based Ernest Borel.

## International career

Shaw gained seven caps for the England under-21 team. Following a successful European Cup campaign with Aston Villa, he was also included in the 40-strong preliminary England squad for the 1982 FIFA World Cup finals; however, he was not picked in the final 22.

## Death

On 6 September 2024, Shaw suffered a head injury after a fall at his home in Birmingham and was admitted to hospital in a "serious condition". Following reports of his death on 15 September, Shaw's family released a statement that he was still in hospital, with his condition being described as "grave and serious". Shaw died the next day at the age of 63. Aston Villa released a statement on behalf of Shaw's family stating that he had died peacefully earlier that day, surrounded by his family.
On 17 September, the day following Shaw's death - Aston Villa played Young Boys in Bern, in their first game in the European Cup (now called the Champions League) since Shaw's playing days. The Swiss club displayed a tribute to Shaw before the game, with Aston Villa manager Unai Emery saying the subsequent win was in Shaw's honour.
On Aston Villa's first home game since Shaw's death, a Premier League game against Wolverhampton Wanderers, Villa Park displayed banners of Shaw. His former teammates were invited as guests of honour and a minute's applause was held before the game.
Shaw's funeral took place on 16 October 2024, crowds of supporters lined the route of a funeral procession starting at Villa Park and leading to a service at Sutton Coldfield Crematorium.
On 6 December 2024, the coroner returned a verdict of accidental death.

## Honours

Aston Villa
* First Division: 1980–81
* European Cup: 1981–82
* European Super Cup: 1982
Individual
* Bravo Award (Awarded to the Most Outstanding Young Footballer in Europe): 1982
* PFA Young Player of the Year: 1981
* PFA Team of the Year: 1980–81
# John M. Spottswood

John Maloney Spottswood (June 17, 1920 – September 27, 1975) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the senior Florida State Senator from the 41st district, in office from 1963 to 1971.

## Biography

Spottswood was born and raised in Key West, Florida, where he was educated in the Monroe County Public School System and later Riverside Military Academy. His father, Robert F. Spottswood, served as colonel in the United States Army and was a direct descendant of Alexander Spotswood, the first Colonial Governor of Virginia. In 1941, John enlisted in the United States Army for World War II in the Philippines (Pacific Theatre). Afterwards, he moved back to Key West and established the first radio station there, WKWF in 1944, and became friends with President Harry S. Truman who was a frequent visitor of the island. He also established cable television in Monroe County and assisted its spread nationwide. Spottswood married Mary Myrtle Sellers in 1949 and they went on to have five children. He was a film producer in the 1950s and 60's and worked with Warner Brothers in a documentary on John F. Kennedy's military service in the Solomon Islands and his handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis which he received an award for. He was elected Sheriff for Monroe County in 1952 and established the first Youth Police Training Ranch in the country.
Spottswood was a licensed realtor and hotelier who owned his own real estate company Spottswood and Sons which bought the La Concha and Casa Marina Hotels and still exists today as Spottswood, Spottswood, and Spottswood. Furthermore, he served as President of the Florida Association of Realtors from 1961 until his death and modernized real estate in Florida. In 1962, he was elected Florida State Senator from the 41st district and held that position for four terms. Afterwards, he moved to Miami, Florida, where he died from a cardiac arrest at the age of 55 in 1975. He is currently buried at the Key West Cemetery.
# Carter BloodCare

Carter BloodCare is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in Bedford, Texas. Carter BloodCare currently provides more than 440,000 blood products annually to over 200 hospitals serving patients in more than 50 counties across North, Central and East Texas. One of the largest blood centers in operation in the United States, Carter BloodCare’s mission is “we save lives by making transfusion possible.”.
The organization is accredited by AABB (formerly the American Association of Blood Banks), and the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT); licensed by the Food and Drug Administration; and holds membership in the South Central Association of Blood Banks (SCABB), America's Blood Centers (ABC), Blood Centers of America (BCA), and the Alliance for Community Transfusion Services (ACTS).
As of September 2024, Barbara Bryant serves as a Carter BloodCare chief executive officer. Bryant previously served as Chief Medical Officer and Executive Vice President at Versiti, a national leader in both blood banking and transfusion medicine research.

## History

Carter BloodCare’s story began in 1951 with the founding of the nonprofit J.K. and Susie L. Wadley Research Institute & Blood Bank, serving patients in the Dallas Dallas, Texas area. In 1959, Carter Blood Center was founded to serve patients in the Fort Worth, Texas area. The two blood centers merged in 1998 to better serve the DFW metroplex and became known as Carter BloodCare, headquartered in Bedford, Texas.
In 2001, Carter BloodCare expanded into Central Texas with a location in Waco and, in 2007, merged with Stewart Regional Blood Center, located in Tyler, to serve East Texas.
Carter BloodCare offers services including collection, processing, specialized laboratory testing, storage and distribution of blood and blood components. The nonprofit also offers immunohematology reference laboratory expertise; apheresis services; cellular therapy collections, processing storage and infusion; medical consultation and research.
Carter BloodCare is one of only three AABB IRL accredited labs based in Texas. The nonprofit blood center offers for-profit business opportunities, including simple to complex antibody identification, compatibility testing, antigen negative units, red blood cell genotyping, centralized transfusion services, flow cytometry and specialized platelet matching services. Carter BloodCare also has a FACT-accredited cellular therapy laboratory.American Association of Blood Banks),
# Wharf (disambiguation)

A wharf is a fixed platform where ships are loaded and unloaded.
Wharf or Wharfe may also refer to:

## Places

* The Wharf (Washington, D.C.), a multi-use development in southwest Washington, D.C.
* Wharfe, North Yorkshire, a village in England
* River Wharfe, in Yorkshire, England

## Other

* Alex Wharf (born 1975), English cricketer
* The Wharf (Holdings), Hong Kong company
* The Wharf (newspaper), produced at Canary Wharf, London
# The Black Butterfly

The Black Butterfly is a lost 1916 American silent drama film released by Metro Pictures, starring Olga Petrova. The last known copy was destroyed in the 1965 MGM vault fire. The extant footage was posted online in 2019.

## Cast

* Olga Petrova as Sonia Smirnov/Marie, the convent girl
* Mahlon Hamilton as Alan Hall
* Anthony Merlo as Girard
* Count Lewenhaupt as Lachaise
* Edward Brennan as Lord Braislin
* Violet Reed as Lady Constance Braislin
* John Hopkins as Don Luis Maredo
* Morgan Jones as Peter, father of Sonia
* Norman Kerry as Vladimir (as Norman Kaiser)
* Roy Pilcher as Gaston Duval
* Evelyn Dumo as Ciel, Sonia's maid
# Tauno Vartia

Tauno Ilmari Vartia (2 June 1907 in Sääksmäki – 8 February 1977) was a Finnish agronomist, farmer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1966 to 1975, representing the National Coalition Party.
# Cactuseraie d'Escaïre-Figue

The Cactuseraie d'Escaïre-Figue (1 hectare) is a botanical garden specializing in cactus. It is located in Montolieu, Aude, Languedoc-Roussillon, France, and opens daily except Mondays.
The garden was created circa 2000, and now contains some 2,000 specimens representing about 900 varieties of cactus and succulents, in both natural and formal plantings, as well as a large greenhouse. Many of the plants have leaves.
# Jan Graubner

Jan Graubner (born 29 August 1948) is a Czech prelate of the Catholic Church who has been Archbishop of Prague since July 2022. He was Archbishop of Olomouc in the Czech Republic from 1992 to 2022, after serving as an auxiliary there for two years.

## Biography

Jan Graubner was born in Brno in 29 August 1948. He graduated from high school in Strážnice in 1967 and then became an engineering worker in Považská Bystrica, then called Gottwald. In 1968 he was admitted to the Major Seminary of Olomouc. On 23 June 1973 he was ordained a priest for that archdiocese. From October 1973 to September 1975 he carried out his military service while also working as a chaplain in Zlín at the same time. From 1977 to 1982 he was chaplain in Valašské Klobouky. From 1982 to 1990 he was administrator of the Parish of Vizovice, with responsibility for the pilgrimage site of Provodov and the parish of Horní Lhota near Luhačovice.
On 17 March 1990 he was appointed titular bishop of Tagaria and auxiliary bishop of Olomouc. He received episcopal ordination on the 7 April. On 28 September 1992 he was promoted to Metropolitan Archbishop of Olomouc.
Since 1991 he has been president of Czech Catholic Charity. He was president of the Czech Episcopal Conference from 2000 to 2010 and was elected to another term in 2022. He has also been president of its Commission on Charity and delegate for the Missions.
In 2008, he received the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk from former President Václav Klaus for outstanding merits in the development of democracy and human rights.
In 2020, he contracted the Covid virus and came close to dying.
On 13 May 2022, Pope Francis appointed him Archbishop of Prague. He was installed there on 2 July. His appointment was surprising because he is so close to retirement age and he has never worked outside of Moravia.

## Priestly sexual abuse

In 2000, a student at Palacký University of Olomouc Saints Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology filed criminal charges against both Graubner and one of his priests, František Merta. The student accused Merta of sexual abuse of minors in the 1990s and Graubner of failing to report charges of abuse to the police, transferring him instead to another parish. A civil court found Merta guilty and he received a suspended sentence of two years in prison. Graubner has said he reassigned Merta because the case against him was inconclusive.