OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Old Yamuna Bridge

The Old Yamuna Bridge, also known as Lohe-ka-Pul, or "bridge number 249", located in Delhi, is one of the longest and oldest bridges in India. Construction of the bridge began in 1863 and finished in 1866, with it opening for public use in 1867. The bridge is a double-decked steel truss bridge that runs east-west across the Yamuna river, connecting the district of Central Delhi to the district of Shahdara. It was constructed in 1866 by the East India Railway at a cost of £1,616,335, and has a total length of 2,640 feet (804.67 m) feet with 12 spans of 202.5 feet (61.72 m) each.
In the nineteenth century, two principal cities of North India, Kolkata and Delhi, were connected by railways, the bridge being the last link on this route. The bridge initially had a single line, and was later converted to a double line. There is a discrepancy about the year the second line was added; one source says that "In 1913, this was converted into a double line by adding down line girders of 12 spans of 202 feet each and 2 end spans of 42 feet to the bridge." But another source says "It was built for a single railway line but converted into a double line in 1932 and reopened in 1934" because of increased traffic on this section.
It has the capacity of serving roadways as well as railways simultaneously. The upper deck carries a two-lane railway line which connects Old Delhi railway station to Shahdra railway station, while the lower deck carries road traffic.
A new 992.25 metres (3,255 ft) long bridge is under construction adjacent to the Old Yamuna Bridge.
The bridge was commissioned in 1866, but before that, the original Delhi Junction came up in April 1864 in a temporary building before the first train service started. That structure could accommodate only 100 passengers at that time and had only two platforms. The first train from Howrah arrived in Delhi in 1864, but there was no direct line up to the station. So the passengers had to get down before the river and cross it by boat. Sometimes even coaches also crossed to the junction on boats, according to railway officials.
# Bonnie Jo Campbell

Bonnie Jo Campbell (born September 14, 1962) is an American novelist and short story writer. Her most recent work is The Waters, published with W. W. Norton and Company.

## Life and work

Campbell was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan. She attended Comstock High School (from which she graduated in 1980), and received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Chicago in 1984. From Western Michigan University, she received an MA in mathematics in 1995 and an MFA in creative writing in 1998. She has traveled with the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, and has organized adventure bicycle tours in Eastern Europe and Russia.
Campbell teaches fiction at Pacific University in Forest Grove, Oregon, in the low-residency MFA program. Campbell lives outside Kalamazoo, Michigan, with her husband, Christopher Magson.
Her stories and essays have appeared in Ontario Review, Story, The Kenyon Review, Witness, The Alaska Quarterly Review, Michigan Quarterly Review, Mid-American Review, and Utne Reader. In 1999, her story "Shifting Gears" was the official story of the Detroit Automobile Dealers' Association Show. Campbell's literary work has been recognized and highlighted at Michigan State University at their Michigan Writers Series.
She was a finalist for the 2009 National Book Award for Fiction for and the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction her short story collection American Salvage, which The Kansas City Star named a Top Six Book of 2009. She has won a Pushcart Prize for her story "The Smallest Man in the World", the 1998 Associated Writing Programs Award for short fiction (for Women & Other Animals), and the 2009 Eudora Welty Prize from The Southern Review for "The Inventor, 1972".
In 2009, her manuscript "Love Letters to Sons of Bitches" won the Center for Book Arts' Poetry Chapbook Competition.
The Waters was featured as a "Read With Jenna" selection by Jenna Bush Hager. Campbell also appeared on The Today Show to discuss the book.
The Waters was named to the Washington Post's "50 Notable Works of Fiction from 2024."
# Lalin, Poland

Lalin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanok, within Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Sanok and 45 km (28 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

## History

Village in the Middle Ages was subdivided into two parts, Ruthenian and German. The village is located in the Lemko region, where for centuries resided ethnographic group of Ukrainian highlanders that until 1947 was living on both sides of the Carpathian Mountains and frontiers.
Among the various ethnic groups of the Ukrainian ethnos (Boikos, Hutsuls, Podolian Volhynians, et al.) especially best preserved are ethnographic groups of mountain dwellers Ukrainian Carpathians, namely Boikos, Hutsuls and Lemkos.

### After World War II

In 1946, after the relocation of the indigenous Ukrainian population into the western Poland (Polish: Ziemie Odzyskane) and Ukraine (Operation Vistula), Poles have settled in the village.
Lemkos were afterwards forbidden to express their identity, to read Lemko literature, to practice Lemko traditions, to wear anything that might identify them as Lemko. Getting caught doing so meant punishment or even death.
# Kalkan (radar)

Kalkan (Turkish for "shield") is a phased array 3D search and track radar system for low and medium range air defense mission operations.
It is designed and manufactured by Aselsan, a Turkish corporation that produces electronic systems for the Turkish Armed Forces.
Kalkan is currently the main radar of the Turkish Armed Forces' mobile Air Defense Early Warning and Command Control System (HERİKKS) and Medium Altitude Air Defense Missile System Hisar, entering into service in 2008. ASELSAN introduced to the market a new version of the radar, KALKAN-II, and exhibited at International Defence Industry Fair (IDEF) 2017.
As part of the Next Generation Air Defense Early Warning Radar (KALKAN-II) Procurement Agreement signed between the Ministry of National Defense and ASELSAN in 2016, the acceptance of a total of 11 systems has been completed. The three dimensional radar systems are used as the main search radar of the Turkish Land Forces Command Air Defense Early Warning Command Control System (HERIKKS) and the Medium-Altitude Air Defense missile system (Hisar-O).

## Description

Kalkan-II is a mobile X band phased array 3D search and track radar for point and area defense of critical military and civilian assets. KALKAN-II offers an instrumented range of 120 km and can track multiple targets accurately, adding classification and identification information to each target track.
Applications
* Point and area air defense of critical assets
* Integration to Air Defense Missile Systems & Command Control Systems or a radar sensor in self-operating mode
Features
* 3D Detection and Tracking Fighters, Helicopters, Hovering Helicopters, Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs), Cruise Missiles
* Multiple target tracking
* Classification of targets
* Identification of targets with integrated Mode 5 IFF
* Jammer direction finding
* Remote operation with Command Control System
* Transportable with its own tactical truck having power and communication subsystems
Technical Specifications
* Operating Frequency : X-Band
* Instrumented Range : 100 / ≥ 120 km
* Target Track Capacity : >60
* Azimuth Coverage : 360°
* Elevation Coverage : -10° / +55°

## Operators

* Turkey
# Contact patch

The contact patch is the portion of a vehicle's tire that is in actual contact with the road surface. It is commonly used in the discussion of pneumatic (i.e. pressurized) tires, where the term is used strictly to describe the portion of the tire's tread that touches the road surface. The term “footprint” is used almost synonymously. Solid wheels also exhibit a contact patch which is generally smaller than the pneumatic “footprint”.

## Contact patch size

The contact patch is the only connection between the road and the vehicle.

### Pneumatic rubber tires

The size and shape of the contact patch, as well as the pressure distribution within the contact patch, are important to the ride qualities and handling characteristics of a vehicle. Since the wear characteristics of tires is a highly competitive area between tire manufacturers, a lot of the research done concerning the contact patch is considered highly proprietary and, therefore, very little is published on the subject.
Because pneumatic tires are flexible, the contact patch can be different when the vehicle is in motion than when it is static. Because it is so much easier to make observations of the contact patch without the tire in motion, it is more common to conduct studies of the static contact patch.
Statically, the size, shape, and pressure distribution are functions of many things, the most important of which are the load on the tire and the inflation pressure:
* The larger the load on the tire, the larger the contact patch.
* The larger the inflation pressure, the smaller the contact patch.
These two properties are not linearly proportional to the area of the contact. For example, a 10% change in load or inflation pressure usually does not result in a 10% change in the contact patch area because the load or pressure on a tire can be altered freely, and the contact patch area is affected by the tire geometry and stiffness. Further, the size of the contact patch cannot be simply calculated as load divided by inflation pressure, and the average contact pressure a tire has with the road surface is not equal to the inflation pressure.

### Solid tires

The contact patch size of solid materials is described by the equations of contact mechanics. It is mainly related to the stiffness of the material in terms of Young's modulus.

### Railroad steel wheel on rail

The contact patch of a railroad wheel is much smaller than for pneumatic rubber tires; it is only about the size of a dime (252 mm$^2$).
# The Gold of Naples

The Gold of Naples (Italian: L'oro di Napoli) is a 1954 Italian anthology film directed by Vittorio De Sica. It was entered into the 1955 Cannes Film Festival. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

## Plot

The film is a tribute to Naples, where director De Sica spent his first years, this is a collection of 6 Neapolitan episodes: a clown exploited by a hoodlum; an unfaithful pizza seller (Loren) losing her wedding ring; the funeral of a child; the impoverished inveterate gambler Count Prospero B. being reduced to force his doorman's preteen kid to play cards with him (and losing regularly); the unexpected and unusual wedding of Teresa, a prostitute; the exploits of "professor" Ersilio Miccio, a "wisdom seller" who "solves problems".

## Cast
### "Il guappo" ("The Racketeer")

* Totò – Don Saverio Petrillo
* Lianella Carell – Carolina, Saverio's wife
* Pasquale Cennamo – Don Carmine Savarone, the squatter
* Agostino Salvietti – Gennaro Esposito, the graveyard mourner

### "Pizze a credito" ("Pizza on Credit")

* Sophia Loren – Sofia
* Paolo Stoppa – Don Peppino, the widower
* Giacomo Furia – Rosario, Sofia's husband
* Alberto Farnese – Alfredo, Sofia's lover
* Tecla Scarano – Don Peppino's friend

### "Funeralino"

* Teresa De Vita – The mother

### "I giocatori" ("The Gambler")

* Vittorio De Sica – Count Prospero B.
* Pierino Bilancioni – Gennarino, the young gambler
* Lars Borgström – Federico, the doorkeeper
* Mario Passante – Giovanni, the butler
* Irene Montaldo – Countess B.

### "Teresa" ("Theresa")

* Silvana Mangano – Teresa
* Erno Crisa – Don Nicola
* Ubaldo Maestri – Don Ubaldo

### "Il professore"

* Eduardo De Filippo – Don Ersilio Miccio
* Tina Pica – The elderly lady
* Nino Imparato – Gennaro
* Gianni Crosio – Alfonso Maria di Sant'Agata dei Fornai

## Release

The original Italian release comprises six segments: "Il guappo", "Pizze a credito", "Funeralino", "I giocatori", "Teresa", and "Il professore". The US version omits the third and the sixth, leaving the following: "The Racketeer", "Pizza on Credit", "The Gambler", and "Theresa".
Paramount did not take up its option to release the film in the United States and it wasn't until February 1957 that the film was finally distributed there, being shown at the Paris Theater in New York for 18 weeks, earning the distributor, Distributors Corporation of America, $72,000. The film was voted one of the Ten Best Foreign Language Films of 1957 by The New York Times.
# Embarcadero (San Diego)

The Embarcadero in San Diego, California, is the area along the San Diego harbor on the east side of San Diego Bay. "Embarcadero" is a Spanish word meaning "boarding place". The Embarcadero sits on property administered by the Port of San Diego, in the Columbia district of downtown San Diego.
The Embarcadero is home to the San Diego cruise ship terminal, the museum ships USS Midway and Star of India, seven other historic vessels belonging to the Maritime Museum of San Diego, and various restaurants and shops from the North Embarcadero down through Seaport Village. In 2010, the Port completed a redevelopment of the historic Broadway Pier to create the Port Pavilion, a second cruise-ship pier and terminal.

## North Embarcadero Visionary Plan

In 1997, a major redevelopment of the Embarcadero was proposed, to be carried out through a Joint Powers Authority (JPA), composed of the City of San Diego, the Centre City Development Corporation (CCDC), and the Port of San Diego. The proposed redevelopment was called the North Embarcadero Visionary Plan, a multi-phased redevelopment of the waterfront in downtown San Diego. This redevelopment project proposed to move Harbor Drive 40 feet (12 m) to the east and build an esplanade from the B Street Pier to the former Navy Pier along Harbor Drive. It also included public art displays, tree groves and open spaces, while continuing San Diego's tradition of having a working waterfront, according to Port plans. The proposed redevelopment area was bordered by Market Street to the south (Marina district), Laurel Street to the north (Little Italy), and the railroad tracks to the east.
However, the proposed redevelopment project was sent back to the drawing boards in April 2010 when the California Coastal Commission rejected it. A major issue was the disappearance from the plan of an originally proposed 79,000-square-foot (7,300 m$^2$) grassy park. In the plan rejected by the Coastal Commission, the park had been replaced by a smaller, hardscape plaza. The Port amended its plans and the first phase of the plan was completed in November 2014.

## Central Embarcadero Redevelopment

The Port of San Diego is currently pursuing potential redevelopment of the Central Embarcadero. The site in consideration is approximately 70 acres of land and water that includes Seaport Village, Santa Monica Seafood (formerly Chesapeake Fish), and surrounding areas between the Manchester Grand Hyatt and the USS Midway Museum. Embarcadero Marina Park North, Ruocco Park, and Tuna Harbor are also included. The Headquarters and The Fish Market Restaurant are within the boundary but excluded from the proposed redevelopment project.
A mixed-use development is proposed that includes public realm space with parks, open spaces and plazas, piers, walkways, beaches, nature trails, shared streets, and public rooftop; hotels; an event center; an aquarium, office space, commercial fishing facilities; and retail/restaurants. The landmark structure would be a 500-foot observation tower designed by Bjarke Ingels Group. An environmental review process began in November 2022.
# Laszki, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Laszki is a village in Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Laszki. It lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) east of Jarosław and 65 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Kangaroo: The Jumping Game

Kangaroo: The Jumping Game or Kangaroo is an abstract strategy game designed by John Flagg and published by The Flaggs, Inc. in 1977. Two players move game pieces by jumping over one or more other pieces in order to eliminate those of their opponent and have the most points by the end of the game.

## Gameplay

Each player begins the game with two rows of pieces on their end of an 8×8 grid and take alternating turns moving a single piece. Pieces move by jumping over another–either their own or their opponent's–in any direction, which can be done if an adjacent square contains a piece and the square immediately beyond it is vacant. Similar to Checkers, players can make any number of jumps in a turn provided they are successive, and any opponent's pieces that are jumped over are removed from the board. A player can also pass their turn, but must give up a piece to do so.
The game ends when one of the following occurs: a player has no more pieces, neither player can move, or one player is unable to move. Points are awarded based on the number of remaining pieces (those that make it to the opponent's end of the board are worth double) and the player with the most points is the winner. If only one player is stuck or unable to move, then the other player makes five more moves, after which the game ends; the game continues if the stuck player finds themself able to make a move at any point during this.

## Reception

In a review for Games, Robert Abbott wrote that he "was impressed by the complex situations that developed from such simple rules", comparing Kangaroo to Camelot and concluding that it "provide[s] much the same flavor and enjoyment". Peter Watts, writing for Science & Vie, praised the game's mechanics and visual design and rated the game an overall score of 7/10, but noted its similarity to other abstract strategy games like Checkers and Halma. Jeux & Stratégie noted that the rules are simple and clear and praised both the strategy and presentation, but described Kangaroo as unoriginal and rated their love of the game their lowest score of 1/3 hearts.
# Dehkadeh, Khuzestan

Dehkadeh (Persian: دهكده) is a village in, and the capital of, Dehkadeh Rural District of the Central District of Hamidiyeh County, Khuzestan province, Iran. It served as the capital of Karkheh Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Alavoneh-ye Fay. At the same time Dehkadeh became the capital of the new Tarrah Rural District until its capital was transferred to Tarrah-e Yek. Dehkadeh then became the capital of the new Dehkadeh Rural District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,592 in 490 households, when it was in Tarrah Rural District of the former Hamidiyeh District of Ahvaz County. The following census in 2011 counted 2,890 people in 612 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,951 people in 773 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Hamidiyeh County. The rural district was transferred to the new Gambueh District, and Dehkadeh was transferred to Dehkadeh Rural District created in the new Central District. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Zalim Saudagar

Zalim Saudagar is a Bollywood drama film. It was released in 1941. The film is also known as Merchant Of Venice. It was directed by J.J. Madan and starred Khalil, Kajjanbai, Rani Premlata, and Haider Bandi in the pivotal roles. Zalim Saudagar means "The Cruel Merchant"; this film was a film adaption of Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, and was produced by the Radha Film Company of Calcutta. The film is very difficult to obtain and few copies of it appear to exist.
# La Negra

La Negra, Spanish for The Black Woman, may refer to:

## People

* La Negra Carlota (died 1844), enslaved Cuban woman and rebel leader
* Caridad la Negra (1879–1960), Spanish prostitute and madam
* Isabel la Negra (died 1974), Puerto-Rican brothel owner
* Arminda Aberastury (1910–1972), Argentine psychoanalyst
* Toña la Negra (1912–1982), Mexican singer and actress
* Mercedes Sosa (1935–2009), Argentine singer
* Antonia La Negra (c. 1935–2018), Spanish cantaora and bailaora
* Amanda Peralta (1939–2009), Argentine guerrilla and historian in Sweden
* Amara La Negra (born 1990), American singer and entertainer

## Places

* La Negra (industrial complex), an industrial complex and village near Antofagasta, Chile
* Sierra Negra, an extinct volcano in the state of Puebla, Mexico
* La Negra farm, site of the 1988 Honduras and La Negra farms massacre in Antioquia Department, Colombia

## Other uses

* "El Son de la Negra", a famous Mexican folk song in the son jaliscense style
* La Negra Formation, a geological formation in Chile
* La Negrada, a 2018 Mexican film
* La Négresse (1952–53), by Henri Matisse
# Cadavid

Cadavid is a surname meaning "house of David". Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrés Cadavid (born 1985), Colombian footballer
* Diego Cadavid (born 1978), Colombian actor and cinematographer
* Esmeralda Arboleda Cadavid (1921–1997), Colombian politician
* María Consolación García-Cortés Cadavid (born 1951), known as Chelo García-Cortés, Spanish journalist
* Sarah Cadavid (born 1993), Colombian medical designer
# Edith Van Buren

Edith Marie Van Buren (1858–1914), also known later in life as the Countess de Castelmenardo, was an American socialite and world traveler. She is remembered for her tourism in the Yukon, her contentious divorce from a man styling himself as the Count di Castelmenardo, and her family connection to Teaneck, New Jersey.

## Family

Edith Van Buren's father was General Thomas Brodhead Van Buren, a Union officer and U.S. diplomat who later became the U.S. Consul-General in Yokohama. Through her father, Edith Van Buren was related to the U.S. president Martin Van Buren. Her mother was Harriet Sheffield, daughter of the railroad magnate Joseph Earl Sheffield. Harriet Sheffield's brother-in-law, William Walter Phelps, encouraged the family to take up residence in Teaneck, New Jersey.

## Portrait bust

A marble portrait bust of Edith Van Buren by the American sculptor Luella Varney was exhibited at the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exhibition. One list of Varney's work described Van Buren as "the beauty." The bust is now on display at the Teaneck public library.

## Expedition to the Yukon

In 1898, Van Buren went to Klondike with her friend Mary Evelyn Hitchcock, embarking from San Francisco on a steamer. Their luggage included multiple pets and an early motion picture device called an animatoscope.

## Countess di Castelmenardo

Van Buren met Gennaro Vessicchio, also known as Gennaro di Castelmenardo, in Nice, France, where her brother Harold Sheffield Van Buren was a U.S. consul. Vessicchio represented himself as the count of Castelmenardo. The couple married in London on July 7, 1900. However, Vessicchio became indebted, losing money in Monte Carlo, and Van Buren learned that he was not actually a count. Wishing to legalise her married name and secure her status, she paid to procure her husband a genuine title of nobility, then learned that he was committing adultery. She had him jailed for adultery, then sued for separation and later divorce. Van Buren retained the title of Countess de Castelmenardo.