OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Vilenkin

Alexander Vilenkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Владимирович Виле́нкин; Ukrainian: Олександр Віленкін; born 13 May 1949) is the Leonard Jane Holmes Bernstein Professor of Evolutionary Science and Director of the Institute of Cosmology at Tufts University. A theoretical physicist who has been working in the field of cosmology for 25 years, Vilenkin has written over 260 publications.

## Biography

As an undergraduate studying physics at the University of Kharkiv, Vilenkin turned down collaborator offer from the KGB, causing him to be blacklisted from pursuing a graduate degree. Then he was drafted into a building brigade and later worked at the state zoo as a night watchman while conducting physics research in his spare time.
In 1976, Vilenkin immigrated to the United States as a Jewish refugee, obtaining his Ph.D. at SUNY Buffalo. His work has been featured in numerous newspaper and magazine articles in the United States, Europe, Soviet Union, and Japan, and in many popular books.
Vilenkin is the father of writer and musician Alina Simone.

## Work

In 1982, Paul Steinhardt presented the first model of eternal inflation, Vilenkin showed that eternal inflation is generic. Furthermore, working with Arvind Borde and Alan Guth, he developed the Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem, showing that a period of inflation must have a beginning and that a period of time must precede it. This represents a problem for the theory of inflation because, without a theory to explain conditions before inflation, it is not possible to determine how likely it is for inflation to have occurred.
He also further developed Edward P. Tryon's idea of quantum creation of the universe from a quantum vacuum.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1989 "for pioneering research in the application of particle physics to cosmology, and in particular for seminal contributions in the areas of cosmic strings and quantum cosmology".

## Books

* Many Worlds in One: The Search for Other Universes A. Vilenkin (Macmillan, July 2006)
* Cosmic Strings and Other Topological Defects by A. Vilenkin, E. P. S. Shellard (paperback – July 31, 2000)
# Mannat Kashyap

Mannat Kashyap (born 15 December 2003) is an Indian cricketer who currently plays for Gujarat Giants. She plays as a left-arm off break bowler. She was part of the India team that won the inaugural Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup.

## International career

In November 2022, she was selected to the India women's under-19 team for a five-match T20 series against the New Zealand women's under-19 team.
In December 2022, she was selected to the under-19 team for the 2023 Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup. She took 9 wickets, with her best bowling figure being 4/12 and was named Player of the Match against Scotland.
In December 2023, she was named in India's T20I squad for the series against England. In the same month she was named in the ODI squad for the series against Australia. She made her One Day International (ODI) debut against Australia on 2 January 2024.

## Domestic career

In December 2023, she was signed by Gujarat Giants at the Women's Premier League auction, for the 2024 season.
# Mesrine (1984 film)

Mesrine is a 1984 French film written and directed by André Génovès. A biographical film based on the life of Jacques Mesrine, it focuses on the eighteen months following his escape from La Santé Prison in May 1978 until his death in November 1979. Nicolas Silberg stars as the eponymous lead character.

## Cast

* Nicolas Silberg as Jacques Mesrine
* Caroline Aguilar as Sylvia Jeanjacquot
* Gérard Sergue as François Besse
* Michel Poujade as Le commissaire Broussard
* Louis Arbessier as Lelievre
* Claude Faraldo as Charlie Bauer
* Jean-Pierre Pauty as Tillier
* Artus de Penguern as Inspector Lejeune

## Reception

Film critic James Benefield of Little White Lies magazine regarded Mesrine as "a pretty ropey, half-baked biopic", inferior to the later 2008 film starring Vincent Cassel. Benefield criticized Génovès' "bland direction" and "lack of imagination", likening the film to a television production rather than a cinematic release, and noted that "the film fails to come to terms with Mesrine’s controversial glamour and celebrity". The Blood wrote a song about Mesrine which preceded both the 1984, and 2008 movies. The song featured on the 1983 album False Gestures For A Devious Public.
# Malá Čalomija

Malá Čalomija (Hungarian: Kiscsalomja) is a village and municipality in the Veľký Krtíš District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia. Before 1919, when it was included in the newly formed nation of Czechoslovakia, the village was part of Hungary, where it was known as Kis Čalomija.
# Party Husband

Party Husband is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film produced by First National Pictures and released through their parent company Warner Bros. It was directed by Clarence G. Badger and stars Dorothy Mackaill. It is preserved at the Library of Congress.

## Cast

* Dorothy Mackaill as Laura
* James Rennie as Jay Hogarth
* Dorothy Peterson as Kate
* Joe Donahue as Pat
* Donald Cook as Horace Purcell
* Helen Ware as Mrs. Duell
* Paul Porcasi as Henri Renard
* Mary Doran as Bee Canfield
Uncredited:
* Robert Allen
* Louise Beavers as Laura's maid
* Bill Elliott as Wedding party guest
* Gilbert Emery as Ben Holliday
* Barbara Weeks as Sally

## Home media

The film is offered on DVD as a double feature from Warner Archives along with another Mackaill Pre-Code feature, Office Wife.
# Merlucciidae

The merlucciidae, commonly called merluccid hakes /mərˈluːtʃɪd/, are a family of cod-like fish, including most hakes. They are native to cold water in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and typically are found at depths greater than 50 m (160 ft) in subtropical, temperate, sub-Arctic or sub-Antarctic regions.
The best known species are in the genera Macruronus and Merluccius. These predatory fish are up to 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) in length, though most only reach about half that length, inhabiting the waters of the continental shelf and upper continental slope, where they feed on small fish such as lanternfishes. Several species are important commercial fish, for example the blue grenadier (Macruronus novaezelandiae) that is fished in the southwest Pacific and the North Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) that is fished off western North America.
The taxonomy of the Merluccidae is not settled, with some authorities raising two or three subfamilies, the Merluccinae, Macruroninae, and Steindachneriinae, while other authorities raise the latter two into their own families, the Macruronidae and the monotypic Steindachneriidae.
This would mean the genera would be arranged as:
* Steindachneriidae
** Steindachneria
* Macruronidae
** Lyconodes
** Lyconus
** Macruronus
* Merlucciidae ss
** Merluccius
# Beach Road, Singapore

Beach Road is a road located within the planning areas of Kallang, Rochor and the Downtown Core in Singapore.
The road starts at its junction with Crawford Street in Kallang in the north, runs in a generally southerly direction, enters the Downtown Core at its junction with Ophir Road, and ends at its junction with Stamford Road and St. Andrew's Road to the south.
As its name implies, Beach Road used to run along Singapore's southern coast, before land reclamation took place in the Kallang Basin area.

## Landmarks

The prominent landmarks located along Beach Road include (from north to south):
* South Beach Residences, Mixed Development with Grade A offices, hotel and residential component
* DUO, a contemporary twin-tower integrated development comprising residences, offices, a 5-star hotel and retail gallery
* Golden Mile Complex and Golden Mile Tower
* Destination Singapore Beach Road
* Golden Mile Food Centre
* Masjid Hajjah Fatimah
* Saint John Headquarters
* The Concourse
* Parkroyal on Beach Road
* The Plaza
* The Gateway
* Shaw Tower
* Old Beach Road Police Station
* South Beach
* Raffles Hotel
* Civilian War Memorial and War Memorial Park
* Raffles City with Swissôtel The Stamford and Fairmont Singapore
Les Garçons Singapore
# Li Sen

Li Sen (25 April 1914 – 1942) was a Chinese sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics. She was the first woman to represent China at the Olympics.
# Salman Khan (disambiguation)

Salman Khan (born 1965) is an Indian actor, narrator, singer, and television presenter.
Salman Khan may also refer to:
* Sal Khan (born 1976), American educator and entrepreneur
* Salman Khan (Indian cricketer) (born 1998)
* Salman Khan (Pakistani cricketer) (born 1971)
* Salman Yusuff Khan (born 1985), Indian dancer
* Salman Khan Baloch (born 1976), Pakistani politician
* Salman Khan Ustajlu (died 1623), Turkoman military leader
# Therese Concordia Maron

Therese Concordia Maron (née Mengs; 1725 – October 10, 1806), was a German painter. She was the elder sister of painter Anton Raphael Mengs.

## Life and work

Mengs was born in the northern Bohemian town of Ústí nad Labem (German: Aussig) into the Lutheran family of Danish painter Ismael Mengs, a hofmaler (court painter) at the court of the Saxon-Polish electors and kings.
Her birth in Bohemia was coincidental. Her father maintained an extramarital relationship with his housekeeper, Charlotte Bormann. In an effort to conceal the birth of their illegitimate child, he decided to take her along with him on a "vacation" to the nearest bigger town abroad. There, she gave birth to daughter Therese Concordia. After a few weeks, Mengs took his child and her mother back to Dresden, the Saxon capital, where they lived. (Three years later he did the same to conceal the birth of his son, Anton Raphael).
At the age of sixteen, she moved with her family to Rome. From 1741, she worked as a miniaturist and pastel painter; producing a number of enamels and portraits, including a self-portrait and a portrait of her younger sister Julia. In 1765, she married Anton von Maron, an Austrian-born portrait painter and pupil of her brother. She died in Rome in 1806.
Maron was also active as a teacher. Among her pupils were Apollonia Seydelmann, her niece Anna Maria Mengs, and Sofia Clerc.
# Eight Little Piggies

Eight Little Piggies (1993) is the sixth volume of collected essays by the Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould. The essays were selected from his monthly column "The View of Life" in Natural History magazine, to which Gould contributed for 27 years. The book covers topics that are common to Gould's writing in a discursive manner, including evolution and its teaching, science biography, probabilities, and common sense.
The title essay, "Eight Little Piggies", is a thought piece on the prevalence of five digits on hands and feet throughout the animal kingdom. It also explores concepts such as archetypes and polydactyly via the anatomy of early tetrapods.
Other essays discuss themes such as the scale of extinction, vertebrate anatomy, grand patterns of evolution, and human nature.
# Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919

The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919 (9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. 19) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland which provided that local government elections in Ireland would be conducted on a system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). This replaced the previous system of first-past-the-post in single-member districts and block voting in multi-member districts.
Sligo Corporation had introduced PR-STV under a local act of Parliament, the Sligo Corporation Act 1918 (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. xxiii), ahead of an election in 1919. The first local elections under PR-STV in the rest of the country took place in 1920.
Under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, Ireland had been divided into district electoral divisions and wards. Under the provisions of the 1919 Act, the Local Government Board for Ireland was required to divide the local government areas into local electoral areas, variously named as:
* county electoral areas, for the election of county councillors, in each county;
* district electoral areas, for the election of rural district councillors in each rural district, and for the election of urban district councillors in each urban district;
* borough electoral areas, for the election of aldermen and councillors, in each borough, including county boroughs;
* poor law electoral areas, for the election of guardians, in so much of every union as was situated in an urban district; and
* town electoral areas for the election of town commissioners, in each town.
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 enacted the partition of Ireland, creating separate jurisdictions of Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland in effect from 1921. It introduced PR-STV for the House of Commons of Northern Ireland and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland.
Southern Ireland became the Irish Free State in 1922 (Ireland from 1937). PR-STV has continued in use for all elections. The act itself was repealed under the Electoral Act 1963. The division of local government areas into LEAs has been re-enacted in later legislation (no longer distinguishing between types of LEA), up to the Local Government Act 2001.
In Northern Ireland, PR-STV was abolished under the Local Government Act 1922, with a reversion to first-past-the-post for 1924 Northern Ireland local elections, the first local elections held in the new jurisdiction. FPTP was introduced for the Northern Ireland House of Commons for the 1929 election. PR-STV was reintroduced for local elections from 1972, and remains in use.
# 803 Mopsuestia earthquake

The 803 Mopsuestia earthquake took place in the vicinity of Mopsuestia and the Gulf of Alexandretta (İskenderun) in 802 or 803 CE (Hijri year 187).
The main source for this earthquake is Al-Suyuti (15th century), who records both the earthquake and a related inundation of the Ceyhan River. He also records a seismic sea wave (tsunami) caused by the earthquake. Al-Suyuti omitted this earthquake in his work History of the Caliphs.
The earthquake is estimated to have taken place between 30 December, 802 and 19 December, 803.
# Levira Distillery

Levira Distillery (Destilaria Levira) is a distillery in São Lourenço do Bairro, Anadia, Portugal, founded in 1923.
According to Público, Levira is one of the country's largest distilleries.
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Levira partnered with Super Bock to make about 14,000 litres (3,700 US gal) of hand sanitizer from 56,000 litres (15,000 US gal) of alcohol used in beer.
In 2023, the distillery amassed a large quantity of wine in storage due to a European wine surplus. Inflation increased prices on food and drinks and consumers were drinking less wine both in Portugal and in the countries it typically exports to. This, combined with a productive grape harvest, led to increased storage.
On 10 September 2023, a storage tank of red wine collapsed, the force of its contents spilling out knocked over a second tank, resulting in about 2,200,000 litres (580,000 US gal) of wine flowing down Rua de Cima in the village of São Lourenço do Bairro. As of the following day, though the road and at least one basement flooded, there were no injuries. Local officials issued an environmental warning out of concern that the wine could contaminate the Certima River. The local fire department closed access to the road and tried to divert the wine away from the river into a field, which Levira then began to dredge. The distillery issued a statement taking responsibility and committing to clean it up. Clips of the incident went viral on social media.
# Mario Amendola

Mario Natalino Concetto Amendola (8 December 1910 – 22 December 1993) was an Italian screenwriter, film director and dramatist.

## Biography

Amendola was born in Recco, which is located in Genova to parents from Rome. He began his career on stage in 1931 as a writer for avanspettacolo shows. During that time, he wrote dialogue for Erminio Macario, Totò and more. He ended this profession and moved to cinema in 1949. He wrote for 153 films between 1941 and 1987. He also directed 37 films between 1949 and 1975. Amendola collaborated with Bruno Corbucci on conceiving the Nico Giraldi film series starring Tomas Milian.
Amendola died on December 12, 1993, from complications from diabetes.

## Selected filmography

* The Innocent Casimiro (1945)
* Romulus and the Sabines (1945)
* Eleven Men and a Ball (1948)
* Captain Demonio (1950)
* The Transporter (1950)
* Abbiamo vinto! (1951)
* The Passaguai Family (1951)
* Beauties on Bicycles (1951)
* Beauties on Motor Scooters (1952)
* The Dream of Zorro (1952)
* The Angels of the District (1952)
* The Piano Tuner Has Arrived (1952)
* Beauties in Capri (1952)
* I, Hamlet (1952)
* Five Paupers in an Automobile (1952)
* The Passaguai Family Gets Rich (1952)
* The Two Friends (1955)
* The Song of the Heart (1955)
* L'amore nasce a Roma (1958)
* Prepotenti più di prima (1959)
* Il terrore dell'Oklahoma (1959)
* Toto's First Night (1962)
* Sexy Toto (1963)
* The Thief of Damascus (1964)
* Honeymoon, Italian Style (1966)
* Trap for Seven Spies (1967)
* The Great Silence (1968)
* Zum zum zum - La canzone che mi passa per la testa (1969)
* Pasqualino Cammarata, Frigate Captain (1974)
* A forza di sberle (1974)
* Di che segno sei? (1975)
* Africa Express (1976)
* Messalina, Messalina (1977)
# Mario Gallo (actor)

Mario Gallo (March 22, 1923 – October 30, 1984) was an American film and television actor. He was perhaps best known for playing Mario, the Jake LaMotta trainer in the 1980 Martin Scorsese film Raging Bull.

## Life and career

Gallo was born in Brooklyn, New York. He worked in New York, moving to Los Angeles, California in the 1950s. Gallo guest-starred in television programs including Peter Gunn, Police Woman, The Rockford Files, Wagon Train, Baretta, The Untouchables, Johnny Staccato and Columbo. He also appeared in films such as Too Late Blues, Aloha Bobby and Rose, Raging Bull, King Kong, A Woman Under the Influence, The Laughing Policeman and Capone.
In 1976, Gallo co-starred in the new CBS drama television series Delvecchio, playing Sgt. Dominick Delvecchio's father Tomaso.
In 1980, director Martin Scorsese cast Gallo in Raging Bull, for the role of Mario, Jake LaMotta's trainer, who shares the fighter's disgust after the thrown fight.

## Death

Gallo died in October 1984 of liver cancer at his home in Ontario, California, at the age of 61.
# Dacalana treadawayi

Dacalana treadawayi is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae first described by Hisakazu Hayashi in 1984. It is endemic to Mindanao island in the Philippines.
The specific name is dedicated to C. G. Treadaway.
# Catapaecilma nakamotoi

Catapaecilma nakamotoi is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae first described by Hisakazu Hayashi in 1979.
It is a rare species, endemic to the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines.
Its forewing length is 17–19 mm.
The specific name is dedicated to Kazuya Nakamoto, Japanese butterfly collector.
# Marshall Kent (actor)

Marshall Kent (October 6, 1908 – January 15, 1985) was an American television and film actor who appeared in 30 television series or films between 1956 and 1977. He was best known for his role as "Doc" in the 1958 spoof of Gunsmoke presented as an episode of Maverick starring James Garner entitled "Gun-Shy."

## Career

Kent appeared in various other television series including Dragnet with Jack Webb, Perry Mason with Raymond Burr, The Deputy with Henry Fonda, The Gray Ghost with Broderick Crawford, Dennis the Menace with Robert Young, Room 222, The Wonderful World of Disney and Little House on the Prairie. He was also a supporting player in films including The Decks Ran Red with James Mason and Dorothy Dandridge, Ring of Fire with David Janssen, and The Last Voyage with Robert Stack and Dorothy Malone.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1957 | Teenage Thunder | Mr. Palmer |
| 1958 | The Decks Ran Red | Sammy |
| 1959 | -30- | Mr. Jason |
| 1960 | The Last Voyage | Quartermaster |
| 1960 | The Last Voyage | Quartermaster |
| 1961 | Ring of Fire | Deputy |
| 1970 | Beyond the Valley of the Dolls | Dr. Downs |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1956 | Navy Log | Admiral | 1 episode |
| 1957 | General Electric Theater | | 1 episode |
| 1957 | Panic! (TV series) | Circus Exhibitor | 1 episode |
| 1957 | The Gray Ghost | | 1 episode |
| 1958 | Highway Patrol | Jimmy Withers | 1 episode |
| 1959 | Maverick | Doc Stucke | 1 episode |
| 1958-1959 | Dragnet | | 2 episodes |
| 1959 | Pete Kelly's Blues | Doc Stucke fact | 1 episode |
| 1959 | The Millionaire | Doctor | 1 episode |
| 1960 | The Deputy | Guest | 1 episode |
| 1960 | Alcoa Theatre | Mr. Stacey | 1 episode |
| 1960 | The Loretta Young Show | Mr. Wycoff | 1 episode |
| 1960 | The Man and the Challenge | Pentagon Chief | 1 episode |
| 1961 | Lock-Up | Ralph Trindle | 1 episode |
| 1961 | Shannon | Frank Latham | 1 episode |
| 1961 | Window on Main Street | Mr. Palmer | 1 episode |
| 1961 | Dennis the Menace | Wilbur | 1 episode |
| 1962-1966 | Perry Mason | Ed Thomas / Man | 2 episodes |
| 1965 | The Third Man | | 1 episode |
| 1969 | The Doris Day Show | Elderly Man at Market | 1 episode |
| 1970 | The Good Guys | Customer #1 | 1 episode |
| 1974 | The Wonderful World of Disney | City Engineer | 2 episodes |
| 1977 | Little House on the Prairie | Dr. Quimby | 1 episode |
# Lucy Marlow

Lucy Marlow (née Lucy Ann McAleer; November 20, 1932 – December 18, 2018) was an American film and television actress. She may be best-known for playing the role of Helen in the 1955 film My Sister Eileen.

## Biography

Marlow was born in Los Angeles, California on November 20, 1932 as Lucy Ann McAleer. Marlow began her screen career in 1954, playing the role of a party guest in the film Lucky Me. She then appeared in the 1954 film A Star Is Born.
In 1955, Marlow co-starred as Marge Stevenson in the film Bring Your Smile Along. That same year, she appeared in several other films, including My Sister Eileen and Queen Bee. Her final film credit was a starring role in the 1956 film He Laughed Last. Marlow also guest-starred in television programs including Gunsmoke (in 1959 as “Lucy Marlowe” in S4E32’s “Change of Heart”), Shotgun Slade, Peter Gunn, Overland Trail and Tales of Wells Fargo.

## Personal life and death

Marlow married professional baseball third baseman Andy Carey in 1955. In 1956, she gave birth to their son. She later gave birth to a daughter.
Marlow died in Beaumont, California on December 18, 2018, at the age of 86.