OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lorenzo T. Durand

Lorenzo Thurston Durand (December 9, 1849 – August 7, 1917) was an American lawyer and politician.

## Early life

Lorenzo T. Durand was born in Morehouseville, New York on December 9, 1849 to parents George H. Durand and Margret McMillan. George was of English descent and Margret was of Scottish descent. In 1858, the family moved to Genesee County, Michigan, where they settled on a farm. In the 1860s, either in 1860 or 1863, the family moved to Saginaw, Michigan.

## Law study and career

Durand received up to a high school education before becoming a law student in the office of J. Brousseaer for a year. For two years after this, he studied law under the firm Webber & Smith. In 1870, Durand graduated with an LL.B from the University of Michigan Law School and was admitted to the Michigan bar that same year. Durand served as an assistant to Michigan Attorney General Dwight May for several years.
In 1870, Durand partnered with DeForrest Paine to form the law firm Durand & Paine, which lasted until around 1878, when Durand was elected Saginaw County prosecuting attorney. In this position, he served two terms, returning to private practice in 1882. As legal counsel for the Union Street Railway Company of Saginaw, Durand argued for the company's right to electrify their railways. This became a reality in 1889. By this time, Durand was president of the company. Durand later served as an attorney for the Central Bridge Company of Saginaw and as the president of the Saginaw County Savings Bank. At some point, Durand was a member of the Saginaw County Bar Association, and served as its president.
In 1897, Durand was selected as a trustee of the Union Saginaw School District, and later was elected as president of the Saginaw Board of Education. In 1902, Durand served as the Democratic nominee in the Michigan gubernatorial election. Durand was defeated by incumbent Republican governor, Aaron T. Bliss. After Bliss' death, Durand would serve as one of the executors of Bliss' will, and the chief counsel for his estate. Also in 1902, Durand was selected as a United States senatorial candidate in a complimentary way, as the senators representing Michigan at the time were both Republican. At some point, Durand was also to be nominated for the position of Michigan Attorney General, but he did not give consent to the nomination. In 1917, Durand was an unsuccessful candidate for the position of circuit judge in Michigan's 10th Circuit.

## Personal life

Lorenzo T. Durand was the brother of United States Representative George H. Durand. On February 15, 1872, Lorenzo married Flora Caroline Moore, daughter of John Moore. John Moore was a notable judge and lawyer in the area who, like Lorenzo, served as the Democratic gubernatorial nominee in 1868. Durand was a Freemason. Lorenzo was an Episcopalian.

## Death

Durand died of heart trouble on a business trip to Detroit in a Woodward train car on August 7, 1917. Durand was buried in Saginaw, Michigan.
# Alejandro Hannig

Alejandro Hannig (21 October 1897 – 17 February 1987) was a Chilean sprinter. He competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Susan Visser

Susan Visser (born 15 October 1965) is a Dutch film actress. She has appeared in more than forty films and television shows since 1990. She is best known for her role as Anouk Verschuur in Gooische Vrouwen.

## Personal life

Visser was married to actor Roef Ragas, who died in 2007.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2019 | Cuban Love | Loes |
| 2015 | Sneeuwwitje en de Zeven Kleine Mensen | Alexia |
| 2014 | Gooische Vrouwen 2 | Anouk Verschuur |
| 2014 | 2/11 Het spel van de wolf | Ellen Maas |
| 2014 | Hartenstraat | Mirjam |
| 2013 | Voorbij (short) | Moeder |
| 2013 | Smoorverliefd | Judith |
| 2013 | Game, But Whose Game Is It? | Annette |
| 2012 | Taped | Saar |
| 2011 | Gooische Vrouwen | Anouk Verschuur |
| 2010 | Heading West | Claire |
| 2010 | Finnemans | Myla |
| 2009 | Lover or Loser | Katja |
| 2006 | Black Book | Drunken Woman in Prison #2 |
| 2006 | Het zwijgen | Heleen Kleingeld |
| 2004 | Amazones | Lot |
| 2003 | Polleke | Ina |
| 2003 | Roadkill (short) | Woman |
| 1999 | Man, Vrouw, Hondje | Wife of lorry driver |
| 1997 | Lovely Liza | Nora |
| 1996 | Off Mineur | Henriet |
| 1996 | The Dress | Parkhoertje |
| 1990 | Koeman & Co | Maaike |
TV :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005-2009 | Gooische Vrouwen | Anouk Verschuur |
| 1990-1992 / 1994 | In de Vlaamsche pot | Dirkje van Damme |
# Kresno Eko Pambudi

Kresno Eko Pambudi (born 14 October 1967) is an Indonesian sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Ghosting (television)

In television, a ghost is a replica of the transmitted image, offset in position, that is superimposed on top of the main image. It is often caused when a TV signal travels by two different paths to a receiving antenna, with a slight difference in timing.

## Analog ghosting

Common causes of ghosts (in the more specific sense) are:
* Mismatched impedance along the communication channel, which causes unwanted reflections. The technical term for this phenomenon is ringing.
* Multipath distortion, because radio frequency waves may take paths of different length (by reflecting from buildings, transmission lines, aircraft, clouds, etc.) to reach the receiver. In addition, RF leaks may allow a signal to enter the set by a different path; this is most common in a large building such as a tower block or hotel where one TV antenna feeds many different rooms, each fitted with a TV aerial socket (known as pre-echo). By getting a better antenna or cable system it can be eliminated or mitigated.
Note that ghosts are a problem specific to the video portion of television, largely because it uses AM for transmission. The audio portion uses FM, which has the desirable property that a stronger signal tends to overpower interference from weaker signals due to the capture effect. Even when ghosts are particularly bad in the picture, there may be little audio interference.
SECAM TV uses FM for the chrominance signal, hence ghosting only affects the luma portion of its signal. TV is broadcast on VHF and UHF, which have line-of-sight propagation, and easily reflect off of buildings, mountains, and other objects.

### Pre-echo

If the ghost is seen on the left of the main picture, then it is likely that the problem is pre-echo, which is seen in buildings with very long TV downleads where an RF leakage has allowed the TV signal to enter the tuner by a second route. For instance, plugging in an additional aerial to a TV which already has a communal TV aerial connection (or cable TV) can cause this condition.

## Digital ghosting

Ghosting is not specific to analog transmission. It may appear in digital television when interlaced video is incorrectly deinterlaced for display on progressive-scan output devices. The mechanisms that cause ghosting in analog television may corrupt the signal beyond use for digital television. 8VSB, COFDM, and other modulation schemes seek to correct this.
# Vikram

Vikram may refer to:
* Vikram (name), an Indian male name
* Vikram (rocket family), under development rocket family by Skyroot Aerospace
* Vikram (spacecraft), an Indian Moon lander
* Vikram, a character based on Vikramaditya in Baital Pachisi
** Vikram, a character based on the above in the 2017 Indian film Vikram Vedha and its 2022 remake
* Vikram (1986 Tamil film)
* Vikram (1986 Telugu film)
* Vikram (2022 Tamil film)
* Vikram (actor) (born 1966), Indian actor
* Vikram Bajaj, character in the 2001 Indian film Ajnabee, played by Akshay Kumar
# Helen Ellis

Helen Ellis is an American writer. Her books include Eating the Cheshire Cat, Bring Your Baggage and Don’t Pack Light, Southern Lady Code, American Housewife, and Kiss Me in the Coral Lounge. She is a poker player who competes on the national tournament circuit. Raised in Alabama, she lives with her husband in New York City.
Ellis's first novel, Eating the Cheshire Cat (Scribner: 2001), is a dark comedy written in Southern Gothic fiction style. It tells the story of three girls raised in the South, and the odd, sometimes macabre tribulations they endure.
The Turning: What Curiosity Kills (Powell's Books: 2010), her second novel, is a "teen vampire" story about a southern 16-year-old girl adopted into a wealthy New York City family and centers on shape-shifting, teen romance, and the supernatural. The book, according to Vogue, "tanked."
Her third publication, American Housewife (Doubleday: 2016), is "a sharp, funny, delightfully unhinged collection of stories set in the dark world of domesticity". NPR described American Housewife as "a hilariously twisted take on domesticity that grew out of her Tweets @WhatIDoAllDay. Several stories were narrated by frustrated, blocked writers demoralized by repeated rejections." In an interview with Vogue, Ellis explained that for many years she considered herself "a failed writer. And like so many of her characters, Ellis calls herself a housewife. 'I think housewives are powerful and slightly deranged. But so am I...'Housewife' is not a dirty word.'” After a period of not publishing, Ellis explained this was the book in which she “found my voice again.”
Ellis returned to themes of Southern manners and domesticity in a collection of essays entitled Southern Lady Code, published in April 2019. Entertainment Weekly called it "an inspiring, hilarious, straight-to-the-point essay collection" in which Ellis "discusses everything from menopause to seeing a psychic." Her follow-up, Kiss Me in the Coral Lounge, recounts her happy marriage.
Ellis is also a professional poker player who competes in high-stakes tournaments.
# John Denver's Greatest Hits

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B− |
| Rolling Stone Record Guide | |
John Denver's Greatest Hits is the first greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter John Denver, released in November 1973 by RCA Records. A version known as The Best of John Denver with the same track listing was released in some countries.

## History

The collection included material from his earlier days as a songwriter (going back to 1965 on "For Bobbie") to his later hit "Rocky Mountain High". By the time of its release, Denver had had only two top 40 hits. So many of the songs on Greatest Hits were not hits per se, but as Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote for Allmusic, "songs that defined him."
Greatest Hits is historically important because it contained new and reimagined recordings of several songs. Notable new versions included "Leaving on a Jet Plane", "Starwood in Aspen", "Follow Me", "Rhymes and Reasons", "The Eagle and the Hawk", "Sunshine on My Shoulders" and "Poems, Prayers, and Promises".
After its release these versions were used for airplay despite differing in subtle but important ways from the original versions; generally, they were more polished, featured a more mature-sounding Denver, included strings, and were extended somewhat.
Denver explained this in the liner notes by saying that he had picked the tunes most requested at his concerts, but that "I felt that some of these songs had grown a bit, that I am singing better than I was four or five years ago, and that I would like to treat some of the songs a little differently than I had in the original recordings."
Within a few months of release, Greatest Hits became Denver's first #1 on the Billboard 200 pop albums chart. It remains the best-selling album of his career in the United States, being certified 9× platinum by the RIAA. The album was one of the first to sell over ten million copies worldwide. It spent 176 weeks on the Billboard 200 and 110 weeks on the Canadian RPM Top 100 chart.

## Track listing

All tracks produced by Milton Okun; all tracks written by John Denver.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^^$ |
| Hong Kong (IFPI Hong Kong) | Gold | 10,000$^*$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 9× Platinum | 9,000,000$^^$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Personnel

For the newly recorded tracks:
* John Denver – vocals, acoustic guitar
* Eric Weissberg – guitars, banjo
* Dick Kniss – bass
* Frank Owens – piano
* Herb Lovelle – drums
* Gary Chester – percussion
# Raúl Muñoz (athlete)

Raúl Muñoz (born 12 October 1915, date of death unknown) was a Chilean sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Santos Olikong

Santos Olikong was a Palauan politician and a former Speaker of the House of Delegates of Palau. He was also a senator, bank manager and cabinet minister.
In 1972, Olikong was appointed as the manager of the Koror branch of the Bank of Hawaii.
By 1980, Olikong was vice-speaker of Palau legislature. In the 1980 elections he won a delegate seat in the House of Delegates of Palau representing the State of Koror. He was elected Speaker of the House of Delegates of Palau from 1985 to 1988. He opposed the Compact of Free Association. Olikong was an unsuccessful presidential candidate in the 1988 elections. Later he was appointed as Minister of State by President Ngiratkel Etpison.
Olikong was an unsuccessful candidate in the primaries of the presidential elections of 2000. President Remengesau appointed him as ambassador to Japan in 2004.
Olikong died before Christmas Day in 2011 at the age of 73, so he was born ca. 1937–1939. He was described to have been a colorful figure who always had an opinion. He held Koror traditional title 'Rubasech'.
# Aldin

Aldin is a masculine given name and surname.
In the Balkans, Aldin is popular among Bosniaks in the former Yugoslav nations. The name is a modification to the suffix component ad-Din, and it holds the same meanings of religion, faith, creed.
In England, Aldin is used as a surname and it is derived from the Anglo-Saxon elements eald, meaning "old", and wine, meaning "friend".

## Given name

* Aldin Adžović (born 1994), Montenegrin football midfielder
* Aldin Ayo (born 1977), Filipino basketball coach
* Aldin Čajić (born 1992), Bosnian footballer
* Aldin Đidić (born 1983), Bosnian footballer
* Aldin Grout (1803–1894), American missionary
* Aldin Gurdijeljac (born 1978), Serbian-born Bosnian footballer
* Aldin Kurić (born 1970), Bosnian singer, songwriter, and composer
* Aldin Šetkić (born 1987), professional Bosnian tennis player
* Aldin Spahović, Bosnian volleyball player
* Aldin Turkeš (born 1996), Bosnian footballer

## Surname

* Cecil Aldin (1870–1935), British artist and illustrator
* Salih Saif Aldin (1975-2007), Iraqi journalist and correspondent
# Serviciul de Telecomunicații Speciale

Special Telecommunication Service (Serviciul de Telecomunicații Speciale in Romanian, abbreviated STS) is the Romanian institution that coordinates the activities in the field of special secure communications. STS is an agency with military status.

## Activity

The service provides special communication facilities to all of the institutions accredited by law (such as the Presidency, Government and other bodies of national interest). STS is in charge of "transmissions, emissions or receptions of signs, signals, writings, images, sounds or information of any kind, transmitted through wire, radio, optic system or other electromagnetic systems".
STS is also in charge of the Single National Emergency Call System (abbreviated SNECS), which operates the emergency telephone number, 112. SNECS, including its infrastructure, falls under the direct command of STS.

## Projects of public interest

In June 2011, STS announced that it would establish a nationwide intranet network. This network is designed to ensure secure and reliable communications between different state institutions. The project will be financed by the Romanian Government, but the costs are unknown. The network will be free-of-charge, and all the important state ministries and agencies will be given a free connection to the network.

## History

STS was created on December 18, 1992. The agency's original purpose was to provide communication between the executive and the legislative of Romania, but it has since expanded to other bodies of national interest.
In 2003, the Single National Emergency Call System project was started. In July 2005, the emergency telephone number (112) became operational, under the supervision and lead of STS.
# Roberto Muñoz (cyclist)

Roberto Muñoz (born 14 October 1955) is a Chilean former cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and the points race events at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Willy Leow

Willy Leow (25 January 1887 – 3 October 1937) was a German communist politician and activist.

## Life and work

Willy Leow attended elementary school in Brandenburg an der Havel. Then he learned the carpentry trade and was taught at the Workers' Educational School in Berlin. In January 1904 Leow became a member of the German Wood Workers Association. In the same year Leow joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD), to which he belonged to 1916. After Leow had participated in 1917 in the foundation of the Spartacus League and briefly belonged to the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD), he was in the end of 1918 a founding member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
1925 Leow was elected the Second Chairman of the Roter Frontkämpferbund (RFB), founded in 1924, the defense and protection organization of the KPD. Leow was often seen marching alongside other prominent KPD and RFB activists such as Ernst Thälmann. 1928 Leow was elected to the Reichstag, where he remained until 1933. Later SPD politician Herbert Wehner, who was himself a communist in the Weimar period, wrote decades later in his memoirs that Leow was "a thoroughly corrupt person".
After the Nazi seizure of power Leow fled abroad. From 1935 he lived in the Soviet Union. He worked as an editor and head of the German state publishing house in the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1936, he was arrested during the Stalinist purges and sentenced to death on 3 October 1937 for organizing a Trotskyist-terrorist group in the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, and was shot.

## Post mortem

In the history of the German Democratic Republic Leow was in the first decades after his death a so-called Damnatio Memoriae; he was deliberately concealed in the history of the GDR and in the public culture of remembrance of the East German state: His person was deliberately not mentioned and traces of his existence have been systematically eliminated from published documents and image reproductions of the GDR. Leow was retouched out of a widely printed photograph which showed him next to Ernst Thälmann during a RFB march in the 1920s. The reason for this practice was that the arrest and murder of Leow (a German communist and refugee from fascism) by the Soviet sister state did not fit into the historical picture of the GDR, and therefore his publications were not allowed to be distributed.
# Oreodera amabilis

Oreodera amabilis is a species of long-horned beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It is found in Brazil.
# Castle town

A castle town is a settlement built adjacent to or surrounding a castle. Castle towns were common in Medieval Europe. Some examples include small towns like Alnwick and Arundel, which are still dominated by their castles. In Western Europe, and England particularly, it is common for cities and towns that were not castle towns to instead have been organized around cathedrals.
Towns organized around Japanese castles are called jōkamachi (城下町). Castles are typically built near towns to gain and equip supplies.
# Montana Levi Blanco

Montana Levi Blanco (born April 25, 1984) is an American costume designer. He won a Tony Award in the category Best Costume Design in a Play for the play The Skin of Our Teeth.

## Early life and education

Blanco grew up in Albuquerque New Mexico. While pursuing a dual degree in oboe and history at Oberlin College’s conservatory program, he did "a thesis on sartorial communication, about how people of color use their body as adornment and capital and power.”
Blanco then attended Brown University to study public humanities and in his final semester took an introduction to set design class. After a curatorial fellowship in the Tobin Collection of Theater Arts at the McNay Art Museum, Blanco pursued an MFA in design at the Yale School of Drama.
# Wilmot A. Perera

Wilmot Abraham Perera (1905–1973) was a Sri Lankan statesman and philanthropist. He was declared a National Hero in 1993. A member of parliament, he was Ceylon's first Ambassador to China.

## Early life and education

Born in Panadura to M. Abraham Perera, a wealthy landowner, widely known as the "Rubber King". His maternal grandparents were Jeramias Dias and Celestina Dias, who founded Visakha Vidyalaya. Perera was educated initially at St. John's College Panadura and later at the Royal College, Colombo.

## Social service and philanthropy

He became a planter, taking over the management of his family plantations. He became active in his home area, establishing the first rural development society in Raigam Korale. He went on to establish Sri Palee College in Horana, based on the Rabindranath Tagore's Shantiniketan in 1934. The foundation stone was laid by Tagore on 20 May 1934 on his last visit to Ceylon. The Sri Palee Trust was established by him to manage the lands gifted by him. After his death, part of this property comprising many buildings was donated to the University of Ceylon by his family, in his memory in 1976. This later became the Sri Palee Campus of the University of Colombo. After his death, his ancestral home in Panadura was handed over to the Sri Sumangala Girls' School.

## Political career

The Suriya-Mal Movement was inaugurated at his residence in 1933. In 1935 he became a founding member of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party, becoming active politics and the Sri Lankan independence movement. He contested the 1947 general election from the Matugama electorate as an Independent Socialist, defeating the "father of free education" C.W.W. Kannangara and was elected to the first Parliament of Ceylon. He was re-elected in the 1952 general election from the Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party, defeating D. D. Athulathmudali. He was a member of the Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party for a short while.
He was appointed as the first Ceylonese Ambassador to China in 1957 when Ceylon established diplomatic ties with the People's Republic of China and served till 1960, when he was succeeded by William Gopallawa. In 1961 he was appointed to head the first Salaries and Cadres Commission (known thereafter as the Wilmot A. Perera Commission). He also served as the Chairman of the Commission for Higher Education.

## Family

He was married to Esme Perera Abeywardena, a grand daughter of the late Sir Charles Henry de Soysa, Sri Lanka's foremost Philanthropist. They had two children, a daughter Enoka and son Ajit.

## Gallery

* Wilmot A Perera greeting Rabindranath Tagore when he arrived to lay the foundation stone to Sri Palee, on 20 May 1934.
* Wilmot A. Perera with Hon. S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike PM & Sir Swarvapali Radhakrishan, Pres. of India during a visit to Sri Palee
* Wilmot A. Perera presenting his credentials to Chairman Mao as Ceylon's 1st Ambassador
* Wilmot A Perera Statue, Sri Palee Campus