OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gundwane Ndiweni

Gundwane "Mkhaliphi" Ndiweni (also known as Khondwane Ndiweni) was a military leader and the first Paramount Chief of Matabeleland. He is credited for founding modern day Matabeleand and Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. He set up the first of the four capitals, Gibixhegu around modern-day Bulawayo. He was also the maternal uncle of King Mzilikazi - a brother to the kings mother, Cikose Ndiweni. He is best known for leading King Mzilikazi's splinter group to settle in Matabeleland after they left Zululand. For military and security reasons, King Mzilikazi split his migrating kingdom into two. One group was led by himself and the other led by Gundwane Ndiweni. Ndiweni's group traveled through central Botswana arriving in the region now known as Matebeleland, near present-day Bulawayo. He appointed Prince Nkulumane, Mzilikali's son as the Prince, a role he served until Mzilikazi reunited with them. It is unclear what happened to him after 1836. His son, Monyebe Ndiweni, narrates that he died bravely in battle defending Mzilikazi. However, it is suggested by some historians that he was executed by Mzilikazi in 1836 along with other prominent leaders for treason due to this appointment and other rumored plots against the King. His own son was Monyebe Ndiweni, who was executed by Mzilikazi in 1862 for allegedly practicing witchcraft.
# Elastomeric connector

Elastomeric connectors, also known by the registered trademark ZEBRA connectors, consist of alternating conductive and insulating regions in a rubber or elastomer matrix to produce overall anisotropic conductive properties. The original version consisted of alternating conductive and insulating layers of silicone rubber, cut crosswise to expose the thin layers. They provide high-density redundant electrical paths for high reliability connections. One of the first applications was connecting thin and fragile glass liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) to circuit boards in electronic devices, as little current was required.
Because of their flexibility, they excel in shock and anti-vibration applications. They can create a gasket-like seal for harsh environments. Conductor material possibilities include carbon, silver, and gold. The length, width and height may be specified as well as the stripe pitch. Frequently a recess with ribs is specified that captures and provides the elastomer reference surface for alignment (while allowing the lateral dimension of the elastomer to increase as it is compressed) with a deflection stop to control the final part separation, and alignment pins for substrate alignment.
Elastomeric connectors are widely used, from low cost consumer products such as calculators to high reliability flight data recorders.
They are used in two ways:
* spacing of rubber conductive strips equals PCB conductor spacing, with the connector precisely aligned;
* spacing of rubber conductive strips less than half the PCB conductor spacing, without precise alignment.
A "matrix" version consists of short, fine, metallic wires, 300 to 2,000 per square centimeter, aligned parallel but not touching each other, embedded in a rubber sheet. The wires can either protrude slightly from the top and bottom of the rubber sheet, or be curved and flush with the top and bottom planes; the latter is used for repeated assembly or inspection.

## Applications

* LCD and electroluminescent displays
* Board-to-board connections
* Chip-to-board connections
* Memory cards
# Sadów

Sadów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koszęcin, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Koszęcin, 4 km (2 mi) south-east of Lubliniec, and 50 km (31 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Skrajnica

Skrajnica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olsztyn, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Częstochowa and 57 km (35 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Pailhead

Pailhead was an American hardcore punk band. It was a short-lived side project of Al Jourgensen of Ministry that featured Dischord Records founder and former Minor Threat frontman Ian MacKaye on vocals. The band's sound was a combination of industrial beats and hardcore punk, presaging what Ministry would later do with Jello Biafra in another side project, Lard.

## Background

While Alain Jourgensen was living in London, he met Ian MacKaye. MacKaye had been in Washington D.C. punk bands The Teen Idles, Minor Threat, Skewbald/Grand Union, Egg Hunt and Embrace and was on the verge of forming Fugazi, while Jourgensen was taking his band Ministry into new territory—away from the more pop sound of With Sympathy and toward the harder sound of The Land of Rape and Honey. The two found common ground both musically and politically and decided to collaborate on a project that would fuse elements of industrial music with hardcore punk.
Pailhead released the single "I Will Refuse" / "No Bunny" (released in both 7" and 12" formats) in 1987 and the 4-song EP Trait in 1988, both on the Wax Trax! record label. The CD edition of Trait also incorporates both sides of the "I Will Refuse" / "No Bunny" single. The drummer for "No Bunny" was Eric Spicer of Naked Raygun. These tracks were later re-released on Ministry's odds-and-ends compilation Side Trax.
MacKaye stated on an episode of the Kreative Kontrol podcast that he has never played live with the band.

## In popular culture

* Chris Connelly's first work with Jourgensen was to record vocals for the track that would later emerge as "I Will Refuse." Connelly released this version, which he called "Stick" and attributed to the Revolting Cocks, on his Initials C.C. album. In his memoirs, he says he was not offended when MacKaye rerecorded the vocals with new lyrics, saying "It was an honor to be erased by Ian."
* The song "I Will Refuse" was used in the Zero Skateboards video Misled Youth (1999).
* In the game Mat Hoffman's Pro BMX, songs were also featured in the Streets on Fire skateboard video (Santa Cruz Skateboards). These songs included "Man Should Surrender", and "Don't Stand in Line".
* The song "I Will Refuse" was used in the premiere episode of Cold Case's fourth season, "Rampage".
* "I Will Refuse" was covered by Soulfly and featured as a bonus track on the Japanese edition of their album, 3.
* Spinnerette's cover version of "I Will Refuse" was released with their song "All Babes Are Wolves".

## Discography

* I Will Refuse" b/w "No Bunny 7" and 12" single (1987)
* "Man Should Surrender" b/w "Anthem" 7" single (1988)
* "Don't Stand in Line" b/w "Ballad" 7" single (1988)
* Trait 12" EP (comprising Pailhead's last two singles) and CD (made up of all 3 singles) (1988)

## Members

* Ian MacKaye: vocals
* Al Jourgensen: guitar, backing vocals
* Paul Barker: bass
* Bill Rieflin: drums
* Eric Spicer: drums
# Smereków Wielki, Silesian Voivodeship

Smereków Wielki (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujsoły, within Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Ujsoły, 29 km (18 mi) south of Żywiec, and 91 km (57 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.
# Smolarze

Smolarze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Popów, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Popów, 16 km (10 mi) north of Kłobuck, and 90 km (56 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Úrsula Pruneda

Ursula Pruneda Blum (born Mexico City, 1971) is a Mexican actress of the stage and screen. She trained under Luis de Tavira, Raúl Quintanilla, José Caballero, Esther Seligson, Sandra Félix and Héctor Mendoza, among others. She has acted in numerous theatrical productions, feature films, short films, video artworks and telenovelas. She is best known for her work in the 2012 film El Sueno de Lu, which won her the Ariel Award for Best Actress, among many other nominations and awards.
# Antennaria lanata

Antennaria lanata is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name woolly pussytoes. It is native to western Canada (Alberta, British Columbia) and the northwestern United States (Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and extreme northern California (Del Norte and Trinity Counties)).
Antennaria lanata is a small herb up to 20 cm (8 inches) tall. Leaves are covered with thick white hairs resembling wool. It is dioecious, meaning that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. It grows in protected alpine and subalpine sites in mountainous areas.
# Phyllis Ndlovu

Phyllis Ndlovu (died 31 January 2022) was a Zimbabwean politician from the MDC Alliance. She was senator from Matabeleland North.
# 9to5Mac

9to5Mac is a website covering news and rumors about Apple Inc. and its products. Founded by Seth Weintraub, the website is the oldest in Weintraub's 9to5 network of tech blogs, which also includes 9to5Google, 9to5Toys, DroneDJ, and Electrek.
As one of many Apple news websites, the site drastically rose in traffic in its earlier years for publishing the first photos of the third-generation iPod Nano, the original iPod Touch, early images of the first iPhone, etc. 9to5Mac has developed and implemented its affiliate program for freelance writers to earn from advertising banners being shown on their articles' pages.

## History

9to5Mac was founded in 2007 by Seth Weintraub as an Apple news website initially focused on Macs in the enterprise. In June 2016, Mark Gurman, one of the world's most influential Apple reporters, left 9to5Mac for Bloomberg News. He has been writing articles for 9to5Mac for seven years. Gurman has had major scoops, such as uncovering iSlate.com, confirming a tablet was coming from Apple back in 2009, while he’s also leaked news about Siri, iOS 7, the first Retina iMacs, and last year’s 12-inch MacBook before the company’s special events.
In 2012, in a research paper entitled The Outreach of Digital Libraries: A Globalized Resource Network (Taipei) 9to5Mac was ranked as having the highest Jaccard index among Mac-related websites, including MacRumors.

## Incidents

In 2018, Guilherme Rambo paid a source around $500 in Bitcoin in exchange for leaked data from the company. He wrote an article billed as an "exclusive" look at new features for the then-upcoming iPad Pro. However, this approach contradicts the rules of the 9to5Mac. Later 9to5Mac updated the story, removing its content and replacing it with a disclaimer: "Update: This post has been removed due to 9to5mac's sourcing policies."
# Samuel Amofa

Samuel Amofa (born 23 March 1999) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as defender for Liberty Professionals.

## Career

Born in Berekum, Brong-Ahafo, Amofa started his career with Dansoman-based team Liberty Professionals in 2019 and immediately established himself as one of the two centre-back pair. He made his debut on 31 March 2019, playing the full 90 minutes of a 3–1 loss to West African Football Academy in the 2019 GFA Normalization Committee Special Competition. He played 12 out of 14 matches helping the club to a third-place finish in Group B. He continued to play more matches by playing 13 of 15 league matches for 2019–20 season before the league was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. In the 2020–21 season, Amofa played 27 league matches, starting in all of those matches.
# Chengalikodan Nendran Banana

Changalikodan Nendran Banana or famously known as Changalikodan is a banana variety originated and cultivated in Chengazhikodu village of Thrissur District in Kerala state of India. Changalikodan, now are cultivated on the banks of the Bharathapuzha river. It is grown in Erumapetty, Wadakkancherry, Mundoor, Kaiparambu, Desamangalam and Thayyur of Thrissur District. It is the Kaazhchakula to the presiding deity of the Guruvayur Temple Sree Krishna Temple. The average bunch bears 20 to 25 fruits per hand. Changalikodan got Geographical indication registration from the Geographical Indications Registry, Chennai. The Chengalikodan Banana Growers’ Association, Erumapetty, was given the registration.

## Cultivation

The Changalikodan is planted in the month of October and are grown organically which gives its unusual yellow colour and texture. More use of the organic fertilizers can affect the appearance of banana bunches. Individual attention, special care and monitoring of every stage are needed for this banana variety. Green leaf manure, ash and cow dung are used to supplement the growth. Traditional farmers cover the banana bunches with old banana leaves so that it can get the colour.
# Rüştü Pasha

Rüştü Pasha or Rushdi Pasha (Turkish: Rüştü Paşa, 1872 – July 13, 1926) was an officer of the Ottoman Army and a general of the Turkish Army. He became a leader of the Progressive Republican Party, being a member of its Central Administrative Committee. He was hanged for his involvement in the İzmir assassination attempt against Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) in 1926.

## Medals and decorations

* Order of the Medjidieh 5th and 3rd Class
* Gallipoli Star (Ottoman Empire)
* Silver Medal of Liyaqat
* Silver Medal of Imtiyaz
* Gold Medal of Liyaqat
* Prussia Order of the Crown (Prussia)
* Medal of Independence with Red Ribbon
# Sandy Close

Alexandra "Sandy" Close (born ca. 1943) is an American journalist and the founder of Ethnic Media Services. She was the executive director of Pacific News Service from 1974 to 2017 and of New America Media from 1996 to 2017.

## Early life and education

Close received her B.A from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964.

## Career

Close worked as the China editor in Hong Kong for the Far Eastern Economic Review in the mid-1960s. Upon her return to the U.S. she co-founded Oakland-based newspaper The Flatlands. She was also a weekly commentator for Morning Edition from 1984 to 1985.
In 1991, she founded Yo! Youth Outlook, a monthly magazine of youth writing and art, and in 1996, she co-founded The Beat Within, a weekly journal written by incarcerated youth.
She served as the executive director of Pacific News Service from 1974 to the publication's closing in 2017. In 1996, she founded New America Media, which involved up to 3,000 ethnic news organizations in California, and served as its executive director until its closure in 2017.
In 2018, Close founded Ethnic Media Services, a non-profit agency focused on developing cross-cultural journalism and marketing projects to promote inclusive public discourse.
Close was a co-producer for the film Breathing Lessons: The Life and Work of Mark O'Brien, which won the Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) in 1996.

## Personal life

Close was married to the historian and Asian affairs scholar Franz Schurmann from 1968 until his death in 2010.

## Awards

* 2011 George Polk Award for Career Achievement
* 2008 Ashoka Fellowship
* 2006 Purpose Prize Fellowship
* 1995 MacArthur Fellows Program

## Works

* "Ben Hur" Vs. "Titanic" -- Nature Replaced God in Film That Speaks to Environmental Age, JINN, 03-26-98
* "Fear and uncertainty in the era of change", National Civic Review, Volume 98 Issue 3, Pages 46 – 47
# Väinö Kaasalainen

Väinö Viljam Kaasalainen (10 December 1902 – 14 April 1955) was a Finnish educator and politician, born in Pyhäjärvi Vpl. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1933 to 1939 and from 1951 until his death in 1955, representing the Agrarian League. He served as Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 13 January to 8 August 1944. He was the elder brother of Nestori Kaasalainen.
# Saša Zagorac

Saša Zagorac (born 1 January 1984) is a Slovenian retired professional basketball player. He plays as forward and is the younger brother of Željko Zagorac. He announced his retirement on 18 July 2020.

## National team career

Zagorac was a member of Slovenia U18, U19, U20, and U21 national team. He played at 2005 FIBA Under-21 World Championship. He represented Slovenia at the 2015 EuroBasket where they were eliminated by Latvia in eighth-finals. In 2017 he became a champion in European Basketball Championship; with his experiences he played an important role in Slovenian team's mental preparation and scored some crucial points in semi-final's win over Spain.
# Scotty Cannon

Scotty Cannon is an innovator of drag racing in the Pro Modified class in the International Hot Rod Association (IHRA). He has won 28 International Hot Rod Association Pro Modified finals, competing in 45. Cannon has the most pro-modified victories as the Bristol Motor Speedway, with four.
Scotty grew up in an area where most of the people enjoyed oval track racing, but he did not find that type of racing pleasing. He has a unique hairstyle by showing up on race day with a mohawk. Cannon said, "I have had a Mohawk on and off for years. It started years ago when I would go the beach with my friends and we would Mohawk our hair just to have fun. During the racing seasons, I would Mohawk it and it seemed I would wear it more and more. It kind of stuck on me. I guess you could call it my trademark."
He started racing when he was 16. "I always had a natural love for drag racing, going straight and making the cars go as fast as they possibly could go," Cannon stated.
Cannon was one of the most popular drag racer in IHRA when pro-mod became a professional category in 1990. He won 6 championships in the pro-mod class. In 1998 cannon switched from IHRA to the National Hot Rod Association to a nitro-burning funny car. Then in 1999 Cannon was awarded rookie of the year in NHRA. Cannon returned to IHRA Pro Modified in 2004. He currently drives a Top Fuel Dragster in IHRA Competition sponsored by Torco Race Fuels. His son, Scott Cannon Jr. drives a 1968 Pontiac Firebird Pro Mod, and was the 2007 IHRA World Champion.
# Selkirk Generating Station

Selkirk Generating Station is a natural gas-fired station owned by Manitoba Hydro. It is located just across the Red River from Selkirk, Manitoba, Canada, in the Rural Municipality of St. Clements.
Construction began in 1957, and the station went into commercial service in 1961 with two 66 MW steam turbine-generator units burning lignite coal from Saskatchewan. In 2002 it was converted to burn natural gas, at a cost of $30 million.
The station was decommissioned in 2020.
# Semper Paratus (march)

"Semper Paratus" (Latin for "Always Ready") is the official song and march of the United States Coast Guard. It was composed by U.S. Coast Guard Captain Francis Saltus Van Boskerck in 1927. It made its debut in 1928.

## Etymology of title

Semper Paratus is the title of the song and is also the U.S. Coast Guard's official motto. The precise origin of the phrase is obscure, although the U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office notes the first use was by the New Orleans Bee newspaper in 1836, in reference to the actions of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service during the Ingham incident.

## History
### Composition

The original lyrics (seen below) were written by Captain Francis Saltus Van Boskerck in 1922, at the cabin of USCGC Yamacraw in Savannah, Georgia; he wrote the music in 1927, on a "beat-up old piano" in Unalaska, Alaska.

### First performance

During the run of A Girl in Every Port (1928 film) at the Fox Theater in Washington D.C., a detachment of 50 Coast Guard officers appeared at the theater for the debut of "Semper Paratus", the official song of the U.S. Coast Guard. The officers appeared at each performance during the playing of the song. Rear Admiral Frederick Billard was the Coast Guard commandant at the time.

### Lyrical modifications

The current verse, as well as a second chorus, were written by Homer Smith, 3rd Naval District Coast Guard quartet; Chief Cole; and Lieutenant Walton Butterfield in 1943. In 1969, the first line of the chorus was changed from “So here's the Coast Guard marching song, We sing on land and sea.” to “We're always ready for the call, We place our trust in Thee.”

## Lyrics

Verse 1
    From Aztec Shore to Arctic Zone,
    To Europe and Far East,
    The Flag is carried by our ships
    In times of war and peace;
    And never have we struck it yet,
    In spite of foemen's might,
    Who cheered our crews and cheered again
    For showing how to fight.
Chorus
    We're always ready for the call,
    We place our trust in Thee.
    Through surf and storm and howling gale,
    High shall our purpose be,
    "Semper Paratus" is our guide,
    Our fame, our glory, too.
    To fight to save or fight and die!
    Aye! Coast Guard, we are for you.
Verse 2
    "Surveyor" and "Narcissus,"
    The "Eagle" and "Dispatch,"
    The "Hudson" and the "Tampa,"
    These names are hard to match;
    From Barrow's shores to Paraguay,
    Great Lakes or Ocean's wave,
    The Coast Guard fights through storms and winds
    To punish or to save.
Verse 3
    Aye! We've been "Always Ready"
    To do, to fight, or die!
    Write glory to the shield we wear
    In letters to the sky.
    To sink the foe or save the maimed
    Our mission and our pride.
    We'll carry on 'til Kingdom Come
    Ideals for which we've died.
# Sergey Dvortsevoy

Sergey Vladimirovich Dvortsevoy (born 1962) is a Kazakh filmmaker of Russian origin. His 2008 feature film Tulpan, was Kazakhstan's 2009 Academy Awards official submission to Foreign Language Film category.
Dvortsevoy worked as an aviation engineer. He also worked for nine years as a radio engineer at Aeroflot; before studying film in Moscow in the early 1990s. His films immediately garnered international acclaim, receiving prizes and recognition at festivals around the world, including the nomination of Bread Day (1998) for the prestigious Joris Ivens Award at the Amsterdam International Documentary Film Festival. The following year, his work was presented at the Robert Flaherty Film Seminar, an institution dedicated to Flaherty's adherence to the goal of seeing and depicting the human condition. Dvortsevoy's documentaries are committed to observational filmmaking. His subjects are people living in and around Russia in transition—try in their individual ways to eke out an existence.
Tulpan was Dvortsevoy's first fiction film and was nominated for the 2009 Asia Pacific Screen Awards for Best Feature Film (which it won) and Best Achievement in Directing. The Findling Award was given to him for his first film Schastye.

## Filmography

* Schastye (Paradise; 1996)
* Chlebnyy den (Bread Day; 1998)
* Highway (1999)
* V temnote (In the Dark; 2004)
* Tulpan (2008)
* The Little One (2018)