OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emil Schnell

Emil Schnell (born 10 November 1953) is a German physicist and former politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
He served as the GDR's last minister for post and telecommunications in the cabinet of Lothar de Maizière.

## Life and career
### Early career

From 1960 to 1968, Schnell attended the Polytechnic Secondary School, followed by completing his Abitur (university entrance qualification) in 1972. From 1972 to 1975, he served in the National People's Army (NVA).
He studied physics at the Technical University of Magdeburg from 1975 to 1980, earning a degree as a graduate physicist (Dipl.-Phys.).
Schnell then worked as a scientific assistant at the same university until 1983. Starting in 1983, he was a research associate at the Academy of Sciences of the GDR and completed his doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) in 1984.
From 1988, he served as a department head at the Academy of Sciences' High-Pressure Research Institute in Potsdam.

### de Maizière Government

During the Peaceful Revolution, in October 1989, Schnell joined the newly reconstituted Social Democratic Party in the GDR. He became one of the founding members of the SPD in Potsdam, serving as its managing director during the 1990 election campaign.
In the first free elections in the GDR, Schnell was elected to the Volkskammer in March 1990 for Bezirk Potsdam, being the ninth-placed candidate on the SPD's list. He was thereafter appointed as minister for post and telecommunications in the cabinet of Lothar de Maizière.
During Schnell's tenure, the ministry focused on modernizing East Germany's postal and telecommunications infrastructure to align with West German standards. This initiative aimed to enhance private communication, support economic growth, and address the GDR's outdated systems, including long postal delivery times and a poorly developed telecommunications network. Significant investments were required, alongside efforts to integrate approximately 130,000 employees from the Deutsche Post of the GDR into the Deutsche Bundespost. Schnell additionally raised the postage against the resistance of other SPD ministers.
In August 1990, Schnell and all other SPD ministers resigned in the aftermath of de Maizière's dismissal of SPD finance minister Walter Romberg. Hans-Jürgen Niehof, one of Schnell's state secretaries, served as acting minister until German reunification.

### Reunified Germany

Schnell was one of 144 Volkskammer members co-opted to the Bundestag following German reunification on 3 October 1990. He remained a member of the Bundestag until the end of the 14th legislative period in October 2002, retiring from politics. In the 1990, 1994, and 1998 federal elections, he won the direct mandate in the Potsdam constituency.
Schnell now lives as a freelance physicist in Potsdam. He is married and has two children.
# Buckwheat pancake

A buckwheat pancake is a pancake made with buckwheat flour. Types of buckwheat pancake associated with specific regions include:
* Blini, Eastern Europe, with a buckwheat variety particularly popular in Russia, Ukraine (hrechanyky or гречаники), and Lithuania (grikių blynai)
* Crêpe bretonne (krampouezhen in Breton), a savory pancake also known as bleud ed-du from Lower Brittany in France
* Kaletez (galette de sarrasin), a buckwheat pancake from the Upper Brittany cuisine in France.
* Memil-buchimgae, a variety of Korean pancake with buckwheat flour and cabbage
* Ploye, a pancake particularly popular in New Brunswick and Maine.
# I'm from the City

I'm from the City is a 1938 American Western film directed by Ben Holmes, who also wrote the original story that was adapted into a screenplay by Nicholas T. Barrows, Robert St. Clair and John Grey. William Sistrom produced the film for RKO Pictures, which also distributed the film. It premiered on August 5, 1938. The film stars Joe Penner, Richard Lane and Lorraine Krueger.

## Cast

* Joe Penner as Peter 'Pete' Pepper
* Richard Lane as Captain Oliver 'Ollie' Fitch
* Lorraine Krueger as Rosie Martindale
* Paul Guilfoyle as Willie
* Kay Sutton as Marlene Martindale
* Kathryn Sheldon as Grandma Hattie Martindale
* Ethan Laidlaw as Jeff, Ranch Foreman
* Lafe McKee as Colonel Bixby (credited as Lafayette McKee)
* Edmund Cobb as Red, Ranch Hand
* Clyde Kenney as Butch, Ranch Hand (credited as Clyde Kinney)
* Hank Bell as Cowboy Near Pig Cage (uncredited)
* Willie Best as Train Porter (uncredited)
* Bud Jamison as Circus Spectator Next to Rosie (uncredited)
* Chris-Pin Martin as Mexican Ranch Hand (uncredited)
* Clarence Nash as Duck (voice) (uncredited)
# In Between (1994 film)

In Between (Chinese: 新同居時代; pinyin: Xīn tóngjū shídài; Wade–Giles: Hsin$^1$ t'ung$^2$ chü$^1$ shih$^2$ tai$^4$), also known as Conjugal Affairs and The New Age of Living Together, is a 1994 romantic anthology film. It consists of three stories, by three directors from Hong Kong and Taiwan. The three segments are, in the following order:
* Star Hunter (Chinese: 獵星; pinyin: Liè xīng), written and directed by Samson Chiu.
* Lonely Hearts Club (Chinese: 怨婦俱樂部; pinyin: Yuàn fù jùlèbù), written and directed by Yonfan.
* Unwed Mother (Chinese: 未婚媽媽; pinyin: Wèihūn māma), written and directed by Sylvia Chang.

## Plot

The film follows three roommates as they go through trials and tribulations in their respective love lives.
* Star Hunter - A womanizing hairstylist develops a romantic friendship with a mysterious woman.
* Lonely Hearts Club - A young stockbroker who's feeling more and more distant from his long-term girlfriend begins an affair with an older woman about to get divorced.
* Unwed Mother - A woman who discovers she's pregnant is unsure whether the father is her long-term on-and-off boyfriend or the Russian man she had a one-night stand with.

## Cast
### Star Hunter

* Jan Lamb as Eddie (Chinese: 星仔)
* Wu Chien-lien as Icy (Chinese: 冰冰)

### Lonely Hearts Club

* Nicky Wu as Steven Chan
* Sylvia Chang as Anna Lau
* Melvin Wong as Joseph Lau
* Lee Ching as Amy
* Emotion Cheung as Steven's co-worker

### Unwed Mother

* Maggie Cheung as Co Co Lau
* Winston Chao as Wong Man Fai (Chinese: 黃文輝)
* Eric Kot as Keung (Chinese: 阿強)
# Infernal Machine (film)

Infernal Machine is a 1933 American pre-Code thriller film directed by Marcel Varnel and starring Chester Morris, Genevieve Tobin and Victor Jory. The film was based on a novel by Karl Sloboda. Released by Fox Film Corporation, the title is sometimes written as The Infernal Machine. After finishing the film Varnel moved to Britain where he became an established director of comedy films.

## Plot

A bomb planted on board a ship may go off at any moment, leaving the crew and passengers in suspense.

## Cast

* Chester Morris as Robert Holden
* Genevieve Tobin as Elinor Green
* Victor Jory as Alfred Doreen
* Elizabeth Patterson as Elinor's Aunt
* Edward Van Sloan as Professor Gustabve Hoffman
* Josephine Whittell as Mme. Albini
* James Bell as Spencer
* Arthur Hohl as Ship's Captain
# Infrared Sightings

Infrared Sightings is a video by the Grateful Dead, consisting of computer animation and other imagery set to music from their album Infrared Roses. It was released on VHS video tape and on laserdisc in 1992, and is 18 minutes long.
Infrared Roses is known to fans as "the all Drums and Space album". Produced by Grateful Dead sound designer Bob Bralove, it contains free form improvisational music recorded live at a number of different Dead concerts.
The visuals for Infrared Sightings combine computer generated images, many of them abstract, with found footage that has been altered or edited in various ways. The video is therefore somewhat reminiscent of the light shows that were projected on large screens at many Grateful Dead concerts.

## Track listing

* intro – FreeQuency Beach
* part 1 – Underwatermelons (music: "Riverside Rhapsody")
* part 2 – Synchronations (music: "Post-Modern Highrise Table Top Stomp")
* part 3 – Yes I Kandinsky (music: "Infrared Roses")

## Credits
### Musicians

* Jerry Garcia – guitar
* Mickey Hart – drums, percussion
* Bill Kreutzmann – drums, percussion
* Phil Lesh – bass
* Brent Mydland – keyboards
* Bob Weir – guitar

#### With

* Bob Bralove
* Willie Green III

### Production

* Len Dell'Amico, Larry Lachman – directors, producers
* Fritz Perlberg – executive producer
* Bob Bralove – music producer
* Maury Rosenfeld — spatio-temporal opto-orchestrator
* Fred Raimondi – visual effects and creative entity
* Sam Hamann – electronic paintmeister
* David Tristram – electropaint graphics programmer/artist
* Steve Burr, "Mad" Johnny Modell – intro sound design
* Quency – special animated appearance
# Tai'an Pumped Storage Power Station

The Tai'an Pumped Storage Power Station is a 1,000 MW pumped-storage hydroelectric power station located in the city of Tai'an in Shandong Province, China. Construction on the project began in February 2000 and the upper reservoir began to fill in May 2005. The four generators were commissioned between December 2005 and August 2007. The power station operates by shifting water between an upper and lower reservoir to generate electricity. The lower reservoir, Dahe Reservoir, was originally built in 1960 but repaired extensively for the project. The Tai'an Upper Reservoir is located in a valley above the east side of the lower reservoir. During periods of low energy demand, such as at night, water is pumped from Tai'an Lower Reservoir up to the upper reservoir. When energy demand is high, the water is released back down to the lower reservoir but the pump turbines that pumped the water up now reverse mode and serve as generators to produce electricity. The process is repeated as necessary and the plant serves as a peaking power plant. It is operated by State Grid Xinyuan Co.
The lower reservoir is created by a 22 m (72 ft) tall and 773 m (2,536 ft) long earth-fill dam on the Pan Wen River, known as Dahe Reservoir which was first constructed in 1950s or 1960s. It can withhold up to 22,347,000 m$^3$ (18,117 acre⋅ft) of water. The upper reservoir is created by a 99.8 m (327 ft) tall and 413.8 m (1,358 ft) long concrete-face rock-fill dam. It can withhold up to 10,430,900 m$^3$ (8,456.5 acre⋅ft) of water, of which 8,900,000 m$^3$ (7,200 acre⋅ft) can be used for power production. Water from the upper reservoir is sent to the 1,000 MW underground power station down near the lower reservoir through two 569.15–577.10 m (1,867.3–1,893.4 ft) long headrace/penstock pipes. The drop in elevation between the upper and lower reservoir affords a hydraulic head (water drop) of 248 m (814 ft).
# Picture Page

Picture Page is a British television non-fiction programme, broadcast by the BBC Television Service from their studios at Alexandra Palace from 1936 to 1939, and again after the service's hiatus during the Second World War from 1946 until 1952. It was the first British television series to become a long-term and regular popular success. The series proved to be very popular with viewers. A BBC survey in 1939 showed the series to be second in popularity behind plays.

## Format

The programme had a magazine format with two hour-long editions broadcast each week including a range of interviews with well-known personalities, features about a range of topics and coverage of public events. The main presenter during the pre-war era was Canadian actress Joan Miller who played the role of a "switchboard operator" similar to that of a telephone exchange, "connecting" the viewers to the particular guests and items being featured that week. Miller was nicknamed "The Switchboard Girl" in the popular press and became one of the first television celebrities. She would be assisted by Leslie Mitchell and Jasmine Bligh, two of the BBC's three continuity announcers (the other being Elizabeth Cowell).
Picture Page celebrated its 200th edition on 15 December 1938 with a "huge birthday cake". At that time the show had welcomed "1,450 items in which have taken part over 1,500 men, 660 women, the ghost of Alexandra Palace and a large number of animals of all kinds, including goats, snakes, lions and mice."
After the reinstatement of the programme during 1946, Joan Gilbert assumed presenting duties until 1952. Mary Malcolm presented some shows in 1949 and 1950.

## Preservation

Picture Page was produced live by the BBC from their Alexandra Palace television studio for the entirety of its run. The first episode was actually broadcast on 8 October 1936, some three and a half weeks before the official opening of the service on 2 November, as part of the ongoing test transmissions during the prelude to the initiation date. Until 1949 the series was not recorded and thus none of the pre-1949 programmes exist anymore. Four shows from 1951 have survived in the form of telerecordings.

## Theme tune

The theme tune Shopping Centre was composed by Philip Green.
# Zwonowice

Zwonowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lyski, within Rybnik County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Rybnik and 41 km (25 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.

## Gallery

* Fire department station
* House
* Brick house
# Frederick W. Stickney

Frederick Warren Stickney (June 17, 1853 – January 18, 1918) was an American architect.

## Early years

Stickney was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, to Daniel and Betsey Stickney. He attended MIT and later worked at the New York office of William Robert Ware & Henry Van Brunt. At Ware & Van Brunt, Stickney worked alongside other MIT graduates, including Ware's son William Rotch Ware, Charles Allerton Coolidge, and George Foster Shepley.

## Career

In February 1882, Stickney joined about twenty other prominent young men of Lowell to form a gentleman's club called the Yorick Club, with him appointed as secretary. Other members included Fred C. Church and Percy Parker.
Stickney opened his office at 131 Devonshire Street in Boston, alongside at least a dozen other architectural firms on the same street, including Henry Van Brunt and Arthur Rotch.
In 1884, Stickney designed a summer cottage for Rev. H.T. Rose in Water Mill Long Island, which now stands as a part of the Southamptons. It is known as Rosemary Lodge and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
In February 1886, Stickney's works were part of the first exhibition under the Boston Society of Architects held at the Boston Art Club Gallery.
In 1887–88, he was commissioned to design the Senter House that overlooks Lake Winnipesaukee.
In 1888–89, he was commissioned by George Aitken to design the main house for the Billing's Farm, which is now part of the Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historic Park in Woodstock, Vermont.
In 1890–91, the City of Lowell hired Stickney to design the Lowell City Library, now known as the Pollard Memorial Library, in honor of the cities men who lost their lives in the American Civil War.

## Stickney & Austin (1892–1900)

In 1892, Stickney teamed up with architect William D. Austin, with Stickney working out of his Lowell office and Austin out of his Boston office. Even though the partnership ended in 1900, they both maintained each other's names in their respective practice. One of their first projects was the Highland Club in Lowell, MA.
In 1894, Stickney was commissioned by George Bullock for his Long Island residence out on Oyster Bay. It burned down five years later.
Stickney & Austin's designs include:
* The Nahant Beach Woman's Sanitary.
* The Revere Beach Bandstand, Bathhouse, Police Station, and Superintendent's House.

## Later years

In 1900, Stickney was made a member of the American Institute of Architects.
In 1915, he was re-hired to repair the Pollard Memorial Library in his home town of Lowell, after a disastrous fire.

## Examples of Works

* Lowell Public Library in 1899
* Pollard Memorial Library (Lowell, MA) in 2011
* Nahant Beach Bathhouse
* Senter House in Center Harbor, New Hampshire in stereoscopic image by Joseph L. Bates
# Vimukthi Jayasundara

Kala Keerthi Vimukthi Jayasundara (Sinhala: විමුක්ති ජයසුන්දර) is a Sri Lankan filmmaker, critic and a visual artist. Jayasundara is the first Sri Lankan to win the Caméra d'Or, in 2005.

## Life and career

Vimukthi Jayasundara was born in Ratnapura, Sri Lanka but comes from Galle. He attended Mahinda College, and the Film and Television Institute of India in Pune.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Notes | Ref(s) |
| Year | Title | Director | Producer | Writer | Notes | Ref(s) |
| 2003 | Vide pour l'amour | Yes | No | Yes | Short Film | |
| 2005 | Sulanga Enu Pinisa | Yes | No | Yes | Directorial Debut | |
| 2009 | Ahasin Wetei | Yes | No | Yes | | |
| 2011 | Chatrak | Yes | No | No | Screened at Directors’ Fortnight at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival | |
| 2011 | How Far 2 Heaven? | No | Yes | No | Documentary | |
| 2011 | 60 Seconds of Solitude in Year Zero | Yes | No | No | Anthology film consisting of 60 directors | |
| 2012 | Light in the Yellow Breathing Space | Yes | No | Yes | Short Film | |
| 2012 | Jeonju Digital Project 2012 | Yes | No | No | Anthology film co-directed with Ying Liang & Raya Martin Segment: "Light in the Yellow Breathing Space" | |
| 2014 | Taprobana | No | Yes | Yes | Short Film | |
| 2015 | Sulanga Gini Aran | Yes | Yes | Yes | | |
| 2015 | Elephant | No | Executive | No | Short Film | |
| 2018 | Thundenek | Yes | No | Yes | Segment: "Him" Co-written with Asoka Handagama & Prasanna Vithanage Marketed as Her. Him. The Other | |
| 2019 | Sulanga Apa Ragena Yavi | No | Executive | No | | |
Key :
| † | Denotes films that have not yet been released |

### Acting roles

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2012 | Matha | Kamal | |
| 2016 | Nimnayaka Hudekalawa | Vishva's Friend | |
| 2017 | How to Become a Filmmaker with 10 Dollars | Himself | Documentary |

## Awards

In 2005, Jayasundara received Caméra d'Or award at the Cannes Film Festival for the Best Debut Director for his film Sulanga Enu Pinisa.

### Accolades

* 2021 – Jury member at 52nd International Film Festival of India, Goa.
# Pine squirrel

Pine squirrels are squirrels of the genus Tamiasciurus, in the Sciurini tribe, of the large family Sciuridae.

## Species

This genus includes three species:
* Tamiasciurus douglasii — Douglas squirrel
** T. d. mearnsi — Mearns's squirrel
* Tamiasciurus fremonti — southwestern red squirrel
** T. f. grahamensis — Mount Graham red squirrel
* Tamiasciurus hudsonicus — American red squirrel
All three species are native to North America. Pine squirrels can be found in the northern and western United States, most of Canada, Alaska, and northwestern Mexico.

## Description

Pine squirrels, Tamiasciurus species, are small tree squirrels with bushy tails. Along with members of the genus Sciurus, they are members of the Sciurini tribe.
The name Tamiasciurus comes from Greek wiktionary:ταμίας tamías ‘steward, dispenser’ and wiktionary:σκίουρος skíouros 'squirrel'.
The American red squirrel should not be confused with the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) — both are usually just referred to as the "red squirrel" in their home continents.
Pine squirrels rely on a variety of food sources including fungi, plants, arthropods and tree seed.
# Galactic Arms Race

Galactic Arms Race (GAR) is a space shooter video game first released in 2010 by American studio Evolutionary Games in association with the Evolutionary Complexity Research Group at UCF (EPlex).

## Gameplay

GAR is a hybrid space shooter and Action RPG with single player, co-op, and PVP on dedicated servers for up to 32 players. Players fly a space ship, destroy enemies, earn money and experience, gain levels, find items, and upgrade their ships. The main feature that differentiates GAR from other space shooters is a procedural content generation (PCG) system that produces unique particle system weapons. The game attempts to create weapons that players will like based on usage statistics of existing weapons using a custom version of the NEAT evolutionary algorithm. GAR is one of the earliest video games to incorporate procedural content generation that is automatically and implicitly driven by player choice.

## Platforms

The game runs on Windows only because it uses the Microsoft XNA framework for graphics and sound. Initial versions were released for free in 2010. A commercial version became available via Steam and Desura in 2012. Currently the developers are redoing their UI as the Microsoft XNA platform was killed off by Microsoft. The developers will likely change over to MonoGame which is an open source implementation of XNA.

## Reception and awards

Galactic Arms Race was a finalist in the 2010 Indie Game Challenge. A paper detailing the game's weapon evolution algorithm won the Best Paper Award at the IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games. An early version of the game won an Editor's Choice Award on AiGameDev.com.
# George Williamson Crawford

George Williamson Crawford (October 21, 1877 – August 1, 1972) was a lawyer, public servant, and an activist for African-American civil rights in New Haven, Connecticut.

## Biography

Crawford was born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and attended Tuskegee Institute and Talladega College, both historically black colleges. In 1903, Crawford was the second Black graduate from the Yale University Law School, graduating with honors. While at Yale, he earned the Townsend Prize awarded to the best orator at the law school, a prestigious award. The award, which included a prize of $100 ($3,390 today), was given for a speech titled, "Trades, Unionism and Patriotism." He was appointed clerk of the Probate Court of New Haven immediately upon graduation in 1903.
From 1907 until the 1950s, Crawford worked in private practice in New Haven. He was particularly recognized for a high-profile case in which he won the acquittals of thirteen defendants (all white), political leaders of Waterbury, Connecticut who had been charged with criminal breach of the public trust. From 1954 to 1962 he served as corporation counsel for the City of New Haven.
Crawford was also active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and was one of the founders of the Greater New Haven branch of the organization. He was also an outspoken freemason; he wrote a book on Prince Hall and black freemasonry. At the end of his life, Crawford was recognized as a pioneering black lawyer and civic leader. Roy Wilkins, then executive director of the NAACP, said at a 1966 ceremony dedicating George Crawford Manor, a high-rise residential building for the elderly in New Haven, "It is difficult for a colored man to rise above differences, mistreatments, and inequalities to reach a place such as George Crawford has. He brought all the qualities that make up the American Dream. He served his community—not colored or white—but the whole community." The George W. Crawford Black Bar Association, an organization of black lawyers in Connecticut, was named in his honor.
# Craig Huxley

Craig Huxley (also known as Craig Hundley; born 1954) is an actor, inventor, and musician. He led three albums that were released by Pacific Jazz Records in the late 1960s.
In 1967, he portrayed Captain Kirk's nephew in the Star Trek episode "Operation Annihilate!". The following year, he played a different role in the episode "And the Children Shall Lead". As a child, he also acted on television in Kung Fu, The Flying Nun, and Bewitched.
His first album, Arrival of a Young Giant, was a trio album by Hundley (piano), Jay Jay Wiggins (bass), and Gary Chase (drums) that was released in 1968. Craig Hundley Plays with the Big Boys, from the following year, had a big band added to the trio. The 1969 release, Rhapsody in Blue, also featured a big band, and included Ed Thigpen on drums.
Huxley invented a musical instrument – an aluminum refinement of the blaster beam – in the 1970s. His design was patented in 1984. The instrument was used in the soundtrack to Star Trek: The Motion Picture, and Huxley played it for the soundtrack to 10 Cloverfield Lane.
In 1985, Huxley established The Enterprise Studios, a music recording studio in Burbank, California.