OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jorma Panula

Jorma Juhani Panula (born 10 August 1930) is a Finnish conductor, composer, and teacher of conducting. He has mentored many Finnish conductors, such as Esa-Pekka Salonen, Mikko Franck, Sakari Oramo, Jukka-Pekka Saraste, Osmo Vänskä, Klaus Mäkelä and Tarmo Peltokoski.

## Career

Panula was born in Kauhajoki, Finland, the son of violinist Elis Matias Panula and his wife Elsa (Huhtinen) Panula. He studied church music and conducting at the Sibelius Academy. His teachers included Leo Funtek, Dean Dixon, Albert Wolff and Franco Ferrara. Apart from conducting, he has composed a wide variety of music. His operas Jaakko Ilkka and the River Opera established a new genre called "performance opera", which fused music, visual art and the art of daily life. Panula's other compositions include musicals, church music, a violin concerto, jazz capriccio and numerous pieces of vocal music.
Panula was the artistic director and chief conductor of the Turku Philharmonic Orchestra from 1963 to 1965, the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra from 1965 to 1972 and the Aarhus Symphony Orchestra from 1973 to 1976. He has also conducted his own opera Jaakko Ilkka at the Finnish National Opera.
Panula has served as Professor of Conducting at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki from 1973 to 1994 and at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm and the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen. As a pedagogue, Panula has been a teacher and mentor to many Finnish and other conductors, including Esa-Pekka Salonen, Mikko Franck, Sakari Oramo, Jukka-Pekka Saraste, Osmo Vänskä, Dalia Stasevska, Ricardo Chiavetta, Santtu-Matias Rouvali, Klaus Mäkelä and Tarmo Peltokoski.
Panula has taught conducting courses all over the world, including in Paris, London, Amsterdam, Moscow, New York, Tanglewood, Aspen, Ottawa and Sydney. He was listed as one of the "60 most powerful people in music" featured in the November 2000 issue of BBC Music Magazine. Panula was awarded the Rolf Schock Prize in 1997. He conducted the Helsinki City Symphony Orchestra in the première in December 1971 of the first symphony by Aulis Sallinen.
In March 2014, Panula caused controversy in a Finnish television interview with remarks that denigrated the ability of women to conduct particular composers, and that women were suited to conducting music that was "feminine enough", such as Debussy, but that they were unsuited for conducting Bruckner. He stated that "women [conductors]… Of course they are trying! Some of them are making faces, sweating and fussing, but it is not getting any better – only worse!... It’s not a problem – if they choose the right pieces. If they take more feminine music... This is a purely biological question." Other conductors, such as his former student Salonen, responded critically to Panula's remarks.
# Chen Peina

Chen Peina (Chinese: 陈佩娜; pinyin: chén pèi nà; born 19 June 1989 in Shantou, Guangdong) is a Chinese competitive sailor.
She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, where she won a silver medal in the women's RS:X.
# Maximus III of Jerusalem

Saint Maximus of Jerusalem (Maximus III of Jerusalem) was an early Christian saint and bishop of Jerusalem from roughly 333 AD to his death in 347 AD. He was the third bishop of Jerusalem named Maximus, the other two being in the latter half of the 2nd century.
During one of the persecutions of his era he was tortured for his Christian faith, and thus became known as a confessor, although modern sources disagree as to whether this happened in the reign of Galerius Maximianus or the reign co-emperors Diocletian and Maximian. He was a priest in Jerusalem, and it is said by Sozomen that he was so popular among the people for good character and for being a confessor that when Saint Macarius attempted to appoint him as bishop of Lydda (also known as Diospolis) the populace insisted upon his retention in Jerusalem. Upon Macarius' death Maximus became bishop of Jerusalem, and was present in 335 at the first synod of Tyre, and signed that council's condemnation of Athanasius. During Athanasius' return from exile, circa 346, Maximus convoked a synod in Jerusalem of sixteen Palestinian bishops that welcomed Athanasius. Socrates Scholasticus recorded that Maximus "restored communion and rank" to Athanasius, Athanasius receiving support against the Arians and Maximus advancing the desire of the bishops of Jerusalem to have their see be equal in status to the metropolitan see of Caesarea, a desire later achieved in 451 AD.
Maximus was succeeded as bishop of Jerusalem by saint Cyril, though the process is unclear. Sozomen and Socrates say that Maximus had been deposed in favor of Cyril by Acacius of Caesarea and Patrophilus of Scythopolis, both Arians. Jerome says instead that Maximus' intended successor was Heraclius, whom Maximus had named upon his death bed, but that Acacius and Cyril deposed Heraclius and made Cyril bishop. Rufinus (CH, 10.24) mentions only that the ordination was in some unspecified way "irregular". Regardless of how the succession came about, Cyril and Acacius would become bitter enemies during the next few years, disagreeing both in the Arian controversy and in terms of the precedence and rights of each see.
The Roman Catholic Church marks his feast day on May 5, and the Eastern Orthodox Church on May 9, locally. Eastern Orthodox Liturgics Wikipedia also notes his Universal and therefore main feast as August 26.
| Preceded byMacarius | Bishop of Jerusalem 335–350 | Succeeded byCyril |
# Heard County High School

Heard County High School is a public high school in Franklin, Georgia, United States, part of the Heard County School District. The school's mascot is the Brave.

## History

The school was originally known as Franklin High School when there were two high schools in the county. However, after Centralhatchee High School closed in 1954, it was renamed to Heard County High School. The school grounds originally consisted of a small music building, three classrooms, and an auditorium. However, at this time the school served ten grades and 150 students.
In the 1950s, when the district consolidated, many of Heard County High School's buildings were made of rock.
The current campus was completed in 2009, which added many electronic items such as interactive whiteboards and computer labs. The school also added an athletic complex, a new music facility, and in a later renovation, an agricultural building.
# Bilala people

The Bilala or Bulala are a Muslim people that live around Lake Fitri, in the Batha Prefecture, in central Chad. The last Chadian census in 1993 stated that they numbered 136,629 people. Their language, Naba, is divided in four dialects and is a part of the Central Sudanic language family; it is shared by two of their neighbours, the Kuka and the Medogo. These three peoples are collectively known as Lisi and are believed to be descendants of main ethnic groups of the Sultanate of Yao.

## History

They first appeared in the 14th century near lake Fitri as a nomadic clan led by scions of the Sayfawa dynasty. They were originally a political entity that came about as a result of fusion of the Kayi (old Zaghawa = current Kanembu, the clan exist even today in Kanem) and Ngizimis Kanembu clan, which exists even today in Dibbinintchi, Lake Chad inhabitants of the Fittri region. Settled east of the Kanem Empire, in today's Chad, they shattered the empire's power, killing five of six of Kanem's mais (kings) between 1376 and 1400.
At the end the Bulala conquered Kanem and forced the Kanem mais to migrate to Bornu. As a result, the Bulala put their hands on Kanem, founding in the 15th century the Muslim sultanate of Yao. The Kanem–Bornu Empire counter-attacked a century later under Ali Gazi. Kanem was retaken by Ali's son after a great battle at Garni Kiyala, forcing the Bulala to move east, where they were to remain a menace for centuries to Kanem-Bornu. It continued also to be a flourishing kingdom: the traveller Leo Africanus even thought that the Bulala's reign was richer than Kanem–Bornu for its prosperous trade with Egypt.
Their power survived in diminished forms until the onset of colonialism, when they submitted to the French.
# Marie Herping

Marie Herping (born 18 March 1984) is a Danish former football striker who played for OB Odense, Fortuna Hjørring and the Danish national team.
# Ab Bahar-e Do

Ab Bahar-e Do (Persian: اب بهاردو, also Romanized as Āb Bahār-e Do; also known as Ābahār, Āb Bahār, and Āb-e Bahār) is a village in Jahangiri Rural District, in the Central District of Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 13 families.
# Cai Xiyou

Cai Xiyou (Chinese: 蔡希有; pinyin: Cài Xīyǒu; born August 1961) is a Chinese economist who served as general manager of the Sinochem Group from 2014 to 2016, while he was sacked for graft. On July 6, 2017, he had been stripped of his post and party membership. Cai had political ties with Su Shulin, former deputy party chief and governor of Fujian province.

## Career

Cai was born in August 1961 in Dandong, Liaoning province. After graduating from Fushun Oil College (now Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology) in 1981, he was assigned to Sinopec Group. Beginning in 1998, he served in several posts in Sinopec sales company, including deputy general manager, executive deputy general manager and general manager. In December 2001, he was promoted to general manager and party boss of the China International United Petroleum & Chemicals Co., Ltd. (UNIPEC). In April 2003, he was vice-president of Sinopec Group, rising to senior vice-president in November 2005. In 2012 he was appointed president of the Sinopec Engineering (Group) Co., Ltd. (SEG). In August 2014, he was promoted again to become president of the Sinochem Group.

## Downfall

On February 6, 2016, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection said that Cai Xiyou has come under investigation for "serious legal violations" in a statement on its website. In March 2016, Cai was stripped of his post. In July 2017, the procuratorate has placed a case on file to investigate Cai Xiyou, and he was removed from membership of the Chinese Communist Party.
On December 26, 2018, Cai was sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined three million yuan for taking bribes worth 53.67 million yuan in Tai'an People's Intermediate Court.
# Lisa Lichtfus

Lisa Lichtfus (born 28 December 1999) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Première Ligue club Le Havre and the Belgium women's national team. She has previously played for Standard Liège in the Belgian Women's Super League.

## Club career
### Standard Liège

From the age of ten, Lichtfus has risen through the youth ranks at Standard Liège. On 23 August 2016, she made her debut at senior level in the Champions League qualification match against ZFK Minsk. She was part of the Standard Liège team that won the Belgian league title in 2016 and 2017, and the Belgian Cup in 2018. In 2017 and 2019 she received the Sparkle award for best Belgian goalkeeper.

### Dijon FCO

Lichtfus signed with Dijon FCO in June 2021. She made her Dijon debut on 9 January 2022 against PSG in the French Women's Cup, where she was praised for her saves in the goalless draw (PSG won after penalties). In the 2022/23 season she established herself as Dijon's first-choice goalkeeper.

## International career
### Youth

Lichtfus played for Belgium's U17, U19, and U23 teams.

### Senior

In June 2017, Lichtfus was called-up to the Belgium senior team for the first time. In February 2022, she was included in the Belgium squad which won the Pinatar Cup. In June 2022, Lichtfus was named to the squad for the UEFA Women's Euro 2022. She was the only francophone player in a otherwise Dutch speaking selection: "The players make an effort to speak French as I do to speak Dutch. We understand each other quite well." On 11 April 2023, she earned her first cap in a friendly against Slovenia. In February 2024, she played her first two competitive matches with the Red Flames, in the UEFA Women's Nations League play-offs against Hungary, due to a hamstring injury to regular first-choice keeper Nicky Evrard. Lichtfus maintained her place in goal for Belgium for the whole of 2024, culminating in qualification for the UEFA Women's Euro 2025 via the play-offs, starting both legs of the play-off final against Ukraine.

## Personal life

Lichtfus was born in the village of Aye in Wallonia in 1999. She is a medical student at the University of Liège.

## Honours

Standard Liège
* Belgian Women's Super League: 2016, 2017
* Belgian Women's Cup: 2018
Belgium
* Pinatar Cup: 2022
Individual
* Best Belgian female goalkeeper: 2017, 2019
# Catiline (play)

Catiline or Catilina was Henrik Ibsen's first play. It was written during winter 1848–49 and first performed under Ibsen's name on 3 December 1881 at the Nya Teatern (New Theater), Stockholm, Sweden. The first performance of Catilina in Norway not under Ibsen's pseudonym (Brynjolf Bjarme) was at Det Nye Teater in Oslo on 24 August 1935.

## Background

Forced to support himself after his father's economic downfall during a national economic crisis, Ibsen went to Grimstad as a pharmacist's apprentice. There he both prepared himself for university and experimented with various forms of poetry. While studying, he found himself passionately drawn into the Catiline orations, famous speeches by Cicero against the elected questor Catiline and his conspiracy to overthrow the republic. Ibsen chose this conspirator as the subject for his initial effort, finishing Catiline in 1849. Ibsen expresses in the prologue to the second edition (1875) that he was profoundly inspired by the contemporary political situation of Europe, and that he favored the Magyar uprising against the Habsburg empire. He explains that the case of Catiline had special interest for him, because "there are given few examples of historical persons, whose memory has been more entirely in the possession of their conquerors, than Catiline". Thus, Catiline can be read as one of Ibsen's troubled (and troubling) heroes, alongside Brand and Gregers Werle.

## History and content

The play appeared in Christiania the following spring under Ibsen's early pseudonym, Brynjolf Bjarme.
The main character in this historical drama is the noble Roman Lucius Catilina, based on the historical figure of Catiline. He is torn between two women, his wife Aurelia and the Vestal virgin Furia. As characteristic of Ibsen's early work, the play is in blank verse.
Although Catiline may not be among Ibsen's best plays, it foreshadows many of the themes found in his later works. Catilina, full of doubts and torn between love and duty, is similar to protagonists in John Gabriel Borkman and The Master Builder.
Furia is also the prototype of some of the later female characters, such as Hedda Gabler.
Asked later what he had read when he wrote Catiline, Ibsen replied that he had read only the Danish Norse saga-inspired Romantic tragedian Adam Oehlenschläger and Ludvig Holberg, "the Scandinavian Molière". Halvdan Koht (in Efterladte Skrifter, Vol. I) claims that Ibsen relied on Friedrich Schiller's The Robbers (1781/82) and on Henrik Wergeland's tragedy Sinklars Død.
# Modular Audio Recognition Framework

Modular Audio Recognition Framework (MARF) is an open-source research platform and a collection of voice, sound, speech, text and natural language processing (NLP) algorithms written in Java and arranged into a modular and extensible framework that attempts to facilitate addition of new algorithms. MARF may act as a library in applications or be used as a source for learning and extension. A few example applications are provided to show how to use the framework. There is also a detailed manual and the API reference in the javadoc format as the project tends to be well documented. MARF, its applications, and the corresponding source code and documentation are released under the BSD-style license.
# Zoran Mijucić

Zoran Mijucić (Serbian Cyrillic: Зоран Мијуцић; 23 December 1968 – 3 October 2009) was a Serbian footballer.

## Career
### Club career

Mijucić was part of the famed Vojvodina squad that won the Yugoslav First League in 1989. Later he played for Cement Beočin.

### International career

Mijucić was a member of the highly talented Yugoslavian under-20 team that won the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship in Chile, playing five games in the tournament.

## Death and legacy

Mijucić died on 3 October 2009 after a lengthy battle with cancer. The Zoran Mijucić Memorial Tournament, created in 2010, is named in his honour.

## Honours
### Vojvodina

* Yugoslav First League: 1988–89
# Lapidum, Maryland

Lapidum is a ghost town in Harford County, Maryland, USA, located at the head of navigation of the Susquehanna River on the west bank across from Port Deposit.

## History
### 17th century

Lapidum traces its history to the granting of early land patents for the tracts known as "Eightrapp" (1665), "Faton" (1679) and "Land of Promise" (1684). As settlers transformed the surrounding land from forest to farmland the area grew in importance as a commercial center. Fields of corn and tobacco were grown on land near the river, and an important fishing industry also developed, based on the runs of shad and herring.

### 18th century

A ferry was established between this point and Port Deposit in the 1720s and operated until the completion of the bridge from Port Deposit to the Rock Run Mill just upstream of Lapidum in 1818. In 1729, Thomas Cresap established a regular ferry service near Smith's Falls (in the upper Port Deposit area) crossing the Susquehanna to Lapidum; this was referred to as Smith's Ferry or Upper Ferry (there was a lower ferry at the mouth of the Susquehanna River just off the Chesapeake Bay). In 1731, a road from Susquehanna Upper Ferry toward Philadelphia, as far as the jurisdiction extends, was authorized. In the same year, in the jurisdiction south of the river, a petition was submitted for a road from the mill at Rock Run just above Lapidum to Peach Bottom, Pennsylvania. This upper ferry came to be known as "Creswell's Ferry."

### 19th century

A three-story Victorian building, the Susquehanna Hotel, was built here by Conrad Baker in 1868. It was constructed of stone, brick and framed with lumber, and included several large porches. Other buildings included a church, a mill, a Masonic hall, a school, and numerous houses, stores and warehouses as well as wharves to serve the trade from goods being brought down the Susquehanna River or by road from the adjacent countryside to be loaded onto ships.
Lapidum profited from the financial success of the ferry, the Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal, and from its location as one of the highest deepwater landings for Chesapeake Bay shipping.

### 20th century

By 1900, the sources of Lapidum's commerce and prosperity were lost to railroad competition. Ice accumulations (referred to locally as "ice gorges") eventually destroyed the warehouses and wharves. The hotel continued as a fishing lodge and men's club until the 1960s, when it was torn down.
The land is currently part of Susquehanna State Park in Maryland.
# Kathy Sullivan (American politician)

Kathleen Sullivan (born June 21, 1954) is an American attorney, and former chairwoman of the New Hampshire Democratic Party.

## Early life

Kathleen Sullivan was born on June 21, 1954, in Manchester, New Hampshire. Her father, Henry P. Sullivan (1916–2003), was an attorney, state senator, state representative, and candidate for governor; her mother, the former Mary McCaffrey (1919–1997), was a state representative.

## Career

Sullivan served as the chairperson of the New Hampshire Democratic Party. She served as a member of the United States Electoral College in 2008, when she cast one of New Hampshire's four Electoral Votes for Barack Obama and Joe Biden. She was a superdelegate for Hillary Clinton in 2016.
Sullivan appears in the Marlo Poras documentary Run Granny Run about Doris Haddock's 2004 U.S. Senate campaign.
Sullivan served as Treasurer of In This Together, a Political action committee created by Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear

## Personal life

Sullivan is married to John Rist, the principal of Manchester Central High School.
# Sabeh

Sabeh (Persian: سبعه) is a village in Gharb-e Karun Rural District of the Central District of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 871 in 151 households. The following census in 2011 counted 877 people in 193 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 980 people in 242 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# 1940 in Italy

Events from the year 1940 in Italy.

## Incumbents

* King: Victor Emmanuel III
* Prime Minister: Benito Mussolini

## Events

* 18 March – In a meeting with Adolf Hitler at the Brenner Pass, Benito Mussolini undertakes to bring Italy into World War II.

## Literature and culture

* 16 March – Bernardo Bertolucci, Italian writer and film director
* 31 July – Fleur Jaeggy, Swiss-Italian fiction writer

## Births

* 3 January – Leo de Berardinis, Italian stage actor, theatre director (d. 2008)
* 19 January – Paolo Borsellino, judge and magistrate (d. 1992)
* 17 April – Ira von Fürstenberg, socialite and actress (d. 2024)
* 26 April – Giorgio Moroder, composer
* 24 June
** Augusto Fantozzi, lawyer, tax expert, academic, businessman and politician (d. 2019)
** Vittorio Storaro, cinematographer
* 16 October – Ivan Della Mea, singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
* 24 October – Giacomo Bulgarelli, Italian association football player (d. 2009)
* 2 November – Gigi Proietti, actor, singer, and comedian (d. 2020)
* 26 November – Gianni De Michelis, politician (d. 2019)
* 5 December – Paolo Pillitteri, politician (d. 2024)
* 18 December – Ilario Castagner, football player and manager (d. 2023)

## Deaths

* 28 April – Luisa Tetrazzini, Italian opera singer (b. 1871)
* 28 June – Italo Balbo, Italian Fascist leader (b. 1896)
* 10 July – Pietro Frugoni, Italian general (b. 1851)
# 1992 in Italy

Events in Italy in 1992:

## Incumbents

* President of Italy: Francesco Cossiga (until April) Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (until may)
* Prime Minister of Italy: Giuliano Amato

## Events

* 13 January – The first edition of TG5, Canale 5's news program, was broadcast in Italy.
* 29 February – Sanremo: at the 42nd edition of the Italian Song Festival Luca Barbarossa wins with Portami a ballare.
* 5 April – political elections: the Quadripartite obtains an absolute majority with 48.55% of the votes, but the growth of the Lega Nord and the first investigations into bribes make it difficult to form a stable government.
* 31 October – the Catholic Church rehabilitates the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei, convicted in 1633.

## Births

* 12 September – Mahmood, singer
* 27 October – Stephan El Shaarawy, footballer
* 5 November – Marco Verratti, Italian footballer
* 24 December – Giuseppe Durato, manga artist

## Deaths

* 3 March – Lella Lombardi, racing driver (b. 1941)
* 8 April – Daniel Bovet, Swiss-born scientist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
* 23 May – Giovanni Falcone, magistrate, assassinated, car bomb. (b. 1939)
* 19 July – Paolo Borsellino, magistrate, assassination by car bomb (b. 1940)
* 29 November – Emilio Pucci, fashion designer and politician (b. 1914)
# Kathleen Butler (linguist)

Kathleen Teresa Blake Butler (born Bardsea, 26 September 1883 – died Cambridge, 2 May 1950) was an academic specialising in Modern Languages.
Butler was educated at Newnham College, Cambridge. She was on the staff of the Royal Holloway College from 1913 to 1915 when she returned to Cambridge as a Fellow of Girton. She was a Lecturer in Modern Languages from 1915 to 1942; Director of Studies in Modern Languages from 1917 to 1938; University Lecturer in Italian from 1926 to 1949; Vice-Mistress of Girton from 1936 to 38; and Mistress of Girton from 1942 to 1949. Her publications included "A History of French Literature" (1923); "Les Premières Lettres de Guez de Balzac" (1934); and "Tredici novelle modern" (1946). Her sister, Eliza Marian Butler, was an academic specialising in the German language.