OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mycoleptodiscus terrestris

Mycoleptodiscus terrestris is a fungal plant pathogen.

## Host and symptoms

Mycoleptodiscus terrestris is an ascomycete with a wide host range that includes several types of popular aquatic weeds that have become invasive in their problem states – mainly southern states. But aside from them the pathogen also infects several types of alfalfa and legumes and have been seen to infect plants all the way up to Minnesota. This disease is known to cause several symptoms in affected hosts including: leaf spot, crowning, and lots of root rot. These symptoms are what cause major yield loss and is why this pathogen is so important to our agricultural systems.

## Importance

This pathogen affects a large amount of very important crops from our legume families to the less important crops in other countries that don't support the economy. In America the crops of interest are the legumes and alfalfa we grow, but in other countries like Asia and Australia it affects a wider range like some Lotuses, Psium, and fabaceae just to name a few. What is truly important about this pathogen is that it has been studied since the 1970s in order for it to be used as a viable control of aquatic weeds like watermilfoil that is invasive in warmer wet regions of America. What has been found is that it can and will infect these pest plants and could be used as a viable control since they cause plant killing symptoms in target plants after being treated with just some hyphae and fungal material in the water.

## Disease cycle

The disease cycle of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris is very dependent on it being able to spread its sclerotia. This pathogen mainly overwinters in these strong structures which then begin to affect the next year's crop in the form of damping off or late germination infection which targets the roots and stem first of the young plants. In fact the sclerotia of this pathogen are so highly developed and sturdy that they are collected as the inoculum in many experiments involving the pathogen and they are often viable through several different conditions including different levels of moisture and temperature. They can often be collected and dried chemically and they will still be viable for inoculation or study.
# Mandarin rat snake

The mandarin rat snake (Euprepiophis mandarinus) is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake endemic to Asia. It is closely related to Euprepiophis conspicillata, the Japanese forest rat snake. Mandarin rat snakes are one of the most popular rat snakes found in the pet trade.

## Description

It is a relatively small rat snake; adult size is no more than 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) in total length (body + tail).

## Distribution

India (Arunachal Pradesh), Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, China (Anhui, Beijing, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Tibet, Yunnan, Zhejiang)
Type locality: China: Chekiang, Chusan island (modern transliteration: Zhejiang, Zhoushan) (Cantor, 1842).

## Taxonomy

In recent years there has been some taxonomic controversy over the genera of rat snakes. Based on mitochondrial DNA, Utiger et al. (2002) argued for a splintering of the genus Elaphe and suggested a reworking of the genera.

## Natural history

The mandarin rat snake is a secretive species, often using rodent burrows for shelter. It feeds primarily on small rodents, prefers cooler temperatures, and is predominantly crepuscular. It occurs from sea level to at least 3,000 m (9,800 ft).
# Manto (TV series)

Manto is a 2017 Pakistani television biographical drama series, directed by Sarmad Khoosat who also played the title role in the series, produced by Babar Javed and Asif Raza Mir under banner A&B Entertainment. The other cast includes Sania Saeed, Saba Qamar, Arjumand Rahim and Nimra Bucha in prominent roles.

## Cast

* Sarmad Khoosat as Saadat Hassan Manto
* Sania Saeed as Safia Manto
* Saba Qamar as Noor Jehan
* Arjumand Rahim as Bulwant Kaur
* Asad Siddiqui as Masood
* Akbar Subhani as Muhammad Hussain
* Mizna Waqas as Minal
* Qaiser Naqvi as Safia's mother
* Yasra Rizvi as Balwant Kaur
* Mahira Khan as Madari
* Sarmed Mirza as Shaukat Thanvi
* Azfar Rehman as Passenger

## Production

In 2012, it was reported that Sarmad Khoosat is directing a TV series based on the life and literary work of Saadat Hassan Manto. It had a total of 20 episodes and was also made as the film. Both the film and the television series were directed by Khoosat, who also played the title character. Playwright Shahid Nadeem served as a screenwriter and Babar Javed produced the serial and film under A & B Entertainment at Geo Films. The series was scheduled to release in 2012, but was put on hold for the film production. In 2016, it was revealed that Khoosat's film will be aired on television with the same cast. The series originally aired on Geo Entertainment from 3 November 2017.

## Reception

One review on Images described it as a thoughtful look at Manto and complimented several performances.
# Dun Hallin

57°32′24″N 6°35′10″W﻿ / ﻿57.540119°N 6.586151°W﻿ / 57.540119; -6.586151
Dun Hallin is an Iron Age broch located near the northwest coast of the island of Skye, in Scotland (grid reference NG25665927).

## Location

Dun Hallin is located on the Waternish peninsula of Skye, just east of the settlement of Hallin. It occupies the southeast end of a steep-sided rocky plateau overlooking a fertile valley and the sea.

## Description

Dun Hallin has an external diameter of around 17.4 metres and an internal diameter of around 10.5 metres. The broch walls currently stand to a maximum height of 3.8 metres on the north and west sides. The entrance is on the southeast side but is in a ruined state. On each side of the entrance passage are oval guard cells, although only the northern, right-hand cell can easily be seen. The interior of the broch has much rubble grassed over. A mural gallery is visible on the southwest side and a lintel stone remains in position over the doorway there. Six steps of the intra-mural stairway were found when the broch was examined in 1921 but are not now apparent.
The broch is additionally defended by an outer stone wall which runs round the edge of the rocky knoll and which is still about 6 metres high to the south.
The broch has not been excavated.
* Detail of the wall
# Patricia Schwager

Patricia Schwager (born 6 December 1983) is a Swiss racing cyclist. She competed in the 2012 UCI women's road race in Valkenburg aan de Geul and in the 2013 UCI women's road race in Florence.
# SZD-18 Czajka

The SZD-18 Czajka (Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny - Glider Experimental Works) (Czajka in English: Lapwing) was a single-seat glider designed and built in Poland in 1956.

## Development

The last attempt by the LPŻ ( Liga Przyjaciół Żołnierza – Soldier's Friends League) paramilitary organization to design a single-seat training glider, after SZD-15 and SZD-16 designs, was the SZD-18 Czajka (lapwing), which appeared in 1956. It had a simple structure, box fuselage, strutted high wing and low performance typical for the primary type of training glider. The LPŻ held a competition in 1955 for the design of a new primary style single-seat trainer, which was won in March 1955 by the design by Tadeusz Grudzieński, named X-11. The prototype glider was constructed in the SZD in Bielsko by Władysław Okarmus, and designated SZD-18.
Flight trials began on 30 November 1956 (pilot Adam Zientek) proving, that the SZD-18 had good handling qualities and performance adequate for its intended role. It was regarded as one of the best gliders in its class and the Polish best training glider. However, the aero clubs, now independent of the LPŻ, rejected the single-seat training concept, moving towards the more conventional two-seat pupil/instructor method, which had been proven to be quicker, more efficient and safer. No production was carried out and the sole prototype (SP-1640) flew as a club glider with the Warsaw aero club until 1966, when it was given to the Polish Aviation Museum in Kraków.

## Specifications (SZD-18 Czajka with nacelle)

Data from SZD-18 Czajka
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 6.3 m (20 ft 8 in)
* Wingspan: 10.8 m (35 ft 5 in)
* Height: 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 15.7 m$^2$ (169 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 7.4
* Airfoil: R-III
* Empty weight: 141 kg (311 lb)
* Gross weight: 226 kg (498 lb)
Performance
* Stall speed: 40 km/h (25 mph, 22 kn)
* Never exceed speed: 133 km/h (83 mph, 72 kn)
* g limits: +5
* Maximum glide ratio: 9.3 at 57 km/h (35 mph; 31 kn)
* Rate of sink: 1.13 m/s (222 ft/min) at 51 km/h (32 mph; 28 kn)
* Wing loading: 14.4 kg/m$^2$ (2.9 lb/sq ft)
# Song of China

Song of China (Chinese: 天倫; pinyin: Tiān lún) also known as Filial Piety is a 1935 Chinese film directed by Fei Mu and Luo Mingyou for the Lianhua Film Company.
Unlike earlier Lianhua films that railed against traditional society, Song of China is representative of the New Life Movement of Chiang Kai-shek, which celebrates traditional Confucian values.
Song of China is one of the few Chinese films made in the 1930s to be screened in the United States. The film is available with English translation on YouTube.

## Cast

* Zheng Junli
* Chen Yen-yen
* Lim Cho Cho
* Zhang Yi
* Lai Cheuk-Cheuk

## Plot

A young man (Zheng Junli) returns home to see his elderly father before the latter dies. The father tells his son to extend the love he feels for his family to the greater good. The young man tries to teach the same principles to his children, who instead run off to the city to enjoy the city.
The man, however, moves to the countryside to build an orphanage. When his children eventually return, he gives them the same advice his father had given him.
# Mayrimunia

Mayrimunia is a genus of small seed-eating birds in the family Estrildidae that are endemic to New Guinea.
The genus was introduced in 1949 by the German ornithologist Hans Edmund Wolters with the streak-headed mannikin as the type species. The name was chosen to honour the evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr and combines his name with the genus Munia.
The two species now placed in genus were formerly placed in the genus Lonchura. They were moved to this resurrected genus based on a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020.

## Species

The genus contains two species:
* Streak-headed mannikin (Mayrimunia tristissima) – New Guinea
* White-spotted mannikin (Mayrimunia leucosticta) – New Guinea
# Eveleen Laura Mason

Eveleen Laura Knaggs Mason (September 3, 1838 – September 7, 1914) was an American writer, suffragist, and clubwoman.

## Early life and education

Knaggs was born in Boston, the daughter of Thomas Jackson Knaggs and Elizabeth Milner Knaggs.

## Career

Mason taught school as a young woman, fostered children in her home, and worked to establish a travelers' aid program for young women new to Boston. She was a member of the Brookline Education Society, a vice president of the Moral Education Association of Massachusetts, and founder and president of the Queens of Home Club. She wrote fiction and non-fiction with utopian, feminist, political and spiritualist themes. Her work is sometimes counted with early American science fiction by women writers.
Mason gave the opening prayer at an 1880 National Woman Suffrage Association meeting in Chicago, and she spoke at the 1884 meeting of the Wisconsin Women's Suffrage Convention. "Miss Eveleen L. Mason, an attractive, refined-looking lady, made one of the best speeches of the morning", reported The Inter Ocean in 1880. "She has heard it objected to woman suffrage that woman was the helpmeet of man. She thought that was the very reason why she should take a part".

## Publications

* Hiero-Salem: The Vision of Peace: A Fiction Founded on Ideals which are Grounded in THE REAL, that is Greater than the Greatest of All Human Great Ideals (1889)
* "What is America's Relation to England?" (1896)
* An Episode in the Doings of the Dualized (1898)
* Who Builds? A Romance (1903)
* Mad? Which? Neither? (1904)
* Twelve Outputs Selected from Among Lectures and Articles Put Out from 1879 to Summer Tide of 1907 (1907)
* The Discovery of Discoveries (1908)
* "'Enthralling and Subjugating Men'" (1908)

## Personal life

Knaggs married Baptist minister August Francke Hermann Mason in 1863. Her husband died in 1903, and she died in 1914, at the age of 76, in Brookline, Massachusetts.
# Paula Kann

Paula Kann (known as Paula Kann Valar after her marriage) (February 1, 1922; Vienna, Austria – November 2, 2001; Franconia, New Hampshire, United States) was an Austrian born American alpine skier who represented the United States at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
Paula Kann was born in Vienna in 1922 and started skiing with the help of her father, Dr. Leo Kann, when she was only six years old. She moved from Austria to New York City in 1940 but soon moved to North Conway, New Hampshire with her father. There she skied with Hannes Schneider, a great ski teacher and developer of the Arlberg technique. She started skiing competitively in 1941-42, and won the Eastern Slope Ski Club Giant Slalom that year, then in 1943 she set the girl's record for the Downhill Run at Lake Placid, with a time of only 1:37:2. In March 1945 she won the Slalom Race in Sainte-Marguerite-du-Lac-Masson, Quebec on Mt. Baldy. She won the American downhill championship in 1946 and joined the United States Ski Team in 1947. In 1948 she took part in the Winter Olympics and placed 28th in the Women's downhill and 11th in the Women's slalom.
After her retirement from competition, she married fellow skier Paul Valar in 1950 and became a ski instructor in New Hampshire. The couple was inducted into the National Ski Hall of Fame in 1970.
# King Eagle

Eagle King is a 1971 Hong Kong wuxia film directed by Chang Cheh and produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio.

## Plot

Jin Fei, played by Ti Lung, known as the King Eagle, stumbles into conflict within the Tien Yi Tong clan when he falls in love with the clan's 7th chief, Yuk Lin, played by Li Ching.

## Cast

* Ti Lung as King Eagle Jin Fei
* Lee Ching as 7th Chief An Yuk Lin / 8th Chief An Bing E
* Cheung Pooi-saan as 1st Chief Hung Sing Tien
* Cheng Miu as Deadly Fingers Wan Hau Ba
* Wang Kuang-yu as Fang Shing
* Wong Chung as 2nd Chief Fan
* Cheng Lui as Chief Koon
* Lau Gong as Tien Yi Tong chief
* Chan Sing as 5th Chief Chen Tang
* Yau Lung as 6th Chief Chu Hung
* Lee Sau-kei as Head of Tien Yi Tong
* Bruce Tong as Fu Er
* Tung Li as Ting, Lo Brothers
* Hung Lau as One of Lo Brothers thrown in fire
* Tong Gai as Older Tai Shan brother
* Chan Chuen as Younger Tai Shan brother
* Yuen Woo-ping as Lo Brothers' thug
* Lo Wai as Lo Brothers' thug
* Hsu Hsia as Lo Brothers' thug
* Fung Hak-on as Lo Brothers' thug
* Fung Hap-so as Lo Brothers' thug
* Tung Choi-bo as Lo Brothers' thug
* Sek Siu-kin as Lo Brothers' thug
* Yeung Wai as Lo Brothers' thug
* Tang Tak-cheung as Lo Brothers' thug
* Wong Mei as Lo Brothers' thug
* Chan Siu-gai as Lo Brothers' thug / Tai Shan Brothers' thug
* Ng Yuen-fan as Lo Brothers' thug / Tien Yi Tong member
* Chan Lau as Lo Brothers' thug / Tien Yi Tong member
* Tam Bo as Tien Yi Tong member / Tai Shan Brothers' thug
* Ko Hung as Tien Yi Tong member
* Yuen Shun-yi as Tien Yi Tong member
* Wong Shu-tong as Tien Yi Tong member
* David Chiang as Tien Yi Tong member
* Wong Pau-gei as Tien Yi Tong member
* Ho Pak-kwong as Tien Yi Tong member
* Cliff Lok as Tien Yi Tong member
* Leung Seung-wan as Tien Yi Tong member
* San Kuai as Tien Yi Tong member
* Wan Leng-gwong as Tien Yi Tong member
* Lee Chiu as Tien Yi Tong member
* Chik Ngai-hung as Tien Yi Tong member
* Danny Chow as Tien Yi Tong member
* Huang Ha as Tien Yi Tong member
* Brandy Yuen as Tien Yi Tong member
* Ho Bo-sing as Tien Yi Tong member
* Yuen Shing-chau as Tien Yi Tong member
* Cheung Chi-ping as Tien Yi Tong member
* Lee Siu-wa as Tien Yi Tong member
* Lai Yan as Tien Yi Tong member
* Yen Shi-kwan
* Lau Jun-fai
* Tsang Choh-lam as waiter
* Nam Wai-lit as salt cart owner
* Wong Ching as salt cart worker
* Chin Chun as villager
* Hao Li-jen as villager
* Chu Gam as villager
* Yee Kwan as villager
* Gam Tin-chue as villager
* Cheung Sek-au as villager
* Fuk Yan-cheng as coffin shop boss
# King Lear (2008 film)

King Lear is a 2008 television film based on the William Shakespeare play of the same name, directed by Trevor Nunn. It was broadcast on More4 in the UK on Christmas Day, and shown on PBS' Great Performances in the United States in March 2009. The production was filmed mainly at Pinewood Studios in England.
It features the same cast and director as the 2007 RSC production, and started filming only a few days after the final performance at the New London Theatre, at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire. The film was released on DVD in the UK and then in the US on 21 April 2009. It was shown on Channel 4 on 26 December 2008, as well as being broadcast on PBS in 2009 and a number of other TV stations internationally, including NHK Japan.

## Production history

King Lear started filming only a few days after the final stage performance on 12 January 2008. Filming at Pinewood Studios lasted for around a month.
Whilst McKellen appeared fully nude in the original production, PBS would not allow this on screen, so he appeared only partially nude in the televised production.
# P'ra Você Gostar de Mim

P'ra Você Gostar de Mim, popularly known as Taí, is a song composed by Joubert de Carvalho and recorded by Carmen Miranda on January 27, 1930. It was Carmen Miranda's first major hit, remaining well known to this day, and sold around 35,000 copies, a record for that time.
In 2016, the song ranked third on the list of "100 Best Songs in the History of Samba" by Veja magazine. According to ECAD, it was Carmen Miranda's most played recording in Brazil between July 2010 and March 2015.

## Background

In early 1929, Carmen Miranda made her debut on stage at the National Institute of Music during a charity event at Passeio Público. That same year, Josué de Barros took his pupil to sing on the Educadora and Sociedade radio stations. He also provided Carmen with several public performances and the opportunity to record discs, starting with Brunswick and later with RCA Victor.
The following year, she recorded "Taí," by Joubert de Carvalho, which established her as the most popular voice on the radio during Carnival that year. With this success, Carmen Miranda became the most famous singer in Brazil. The magazine Phono-Arte, on February 28, 1931, declared: "Carmen Miranda is the female equivalent of Francisco Alves, meaning the most valued in the phonographic industry."
In November 1930, Carmen signed a recording contract with RCA Victor, the Brazilian subsidiary of the American music conglomerate. As she was still under 21, she needed her father's approval and signature to formalize the agreement. During the 1930s, she recorded nearly 300 songs, many of them composed specifically for her by renowned Brazilian authors such as Ary Barroso, Synval Silva, Dorival Caymmi, and Assis Valente.

## Cover version

Artists such as Roberta Miranda, Eduardo Dussek, Roberta Sá, Tom Zé, and Nara Leão have all covered this song.
# Birds in a truck riddle

The birds in a truck riddle is a riddle that asks whether a container or a truck carrying birds changes in weight when the birds inside are flying.
The television series MythBusters investigated the question in a 2007 episode, testing it both with a box of pigeons and again with a model helicopter. They concluded that the contents being in flight made no difference to the weight, and theorised that the downdraft of air from the wings or rotors pressed down against the base of the box with the same force as the resting bird or helicopter.
A drone research team from Stanford University measured the forces involved in a bird's hovering and found that it created "double the lift during the downstroke [of the wings] so that the birds did not have to lift their weight during the upstroke", with the amount of lift on the upstroke being "almost none". They concluded that a truck containing a few birds would fluctuate in weight over time, but a larger flock flapping at random would cancel one another and leave the truck's weight unaffected.
# King of the Underworld (1952 film)

King of the Underworld is a 1952 British crime film directed by Victor M. Gover and starring Tod Slaughter, Patrick Barr and Tucker McGuire. It was written by John Gilling. It was followed by a sequel Murder at Scotland Yard (1953).

## Plot

A master criminal is hunted by the police after committing a series of crimes.

## Cast

* Tod Slaughter as Terence Reilly
* Patrick Barr as Inspector Morley
* Tucker McGuire as Eileen Trotter
* Ingeborg von Kusserow as Marie
* Frank Hawkins as Inspector Cranshaw
* Leonard Sharp as Mullins
* Anne Valery as Susan

## Production

The film was made at Bushey Studios with sets designed by the art director Don Chaffey.

## Critical reception

Kine Weekly wrote: "The picture is tongue-in-the-cheek stuff ... 'Sweeny Tod' Slaughter delivers every menacing line with obvious relish and is both amusing and effectively sinister as Riley, and the rest keep in step. King of the Underworld should be a crowning success with avid readers of penny dreadfuls."
In British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959 David Quinlan rated the film as "mediocre", writing: "Slight change of pace for barnstorming star, but film not widely shown."
# Bluegrass Stallions

The Bluegrass Stallions were a basketball team in the Premier Basketball League. They debuted in the American Basketball Association in 2009–10. The Stallions' first head coach was Kyle Macy, a former Kentucky Wildcats three-time All-American college basketball player.

## 2009-2010 season

Based in Lexington, Kentucky, the Stallions began playing at the indoor arena at the Kentucky Horse Park, but moved home games in January 2010 first to Corbin, KY and then to Lexington Christian Academy high school gymnasium due to conflicts with Horse Park management. They finished their turbulent inaugural season by losing in the playoff semifinals, and placing guard Bobby Perry as second team and center Lukasz Obrzut as third team all-ABA.

## 2010-2011 season

After the season, the Stallions attempted to form the Basketball Federation of America after a dispute with the ABA, where Stallions then-owner Tony Chase stated "The ABA will still exist, but I do not intend to be a part of that disorganized league next year. That is why this league has been formed." However, Chase sold his interest in the team to his partners, joined the PBL as CEO and the Stallions went with him to the new league. The team moved their home games to Georgetown College, in Georgetown, Kentucky.
On 19 April 2011, in a post on the forums about basketball at the "Our Sports Central" website, a poster who had previously been identified as the Bluegrass Stallions's Tony Chase stated that the Stallions had formally withdrawn from the league privately earlier.