OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# London Planetarium

The London Planetarium building is located on Marylebone Road, London. It is adjacent to and owned by Madame Tussauds. It previously housed a planetarium, offering shows related to space and astronomy. In 2006, it was closed as a separate attraction and became part of Madame Tussauds. Since 2010, the building that previously housed the London Planetarium had a Marvel Super Heroes 4D attraction.

## History

The London Planetarium was opened by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh on 19 March 1958, with public presentations commencing on 20 March. It occupied the site of a cinema destroyed in the Second World War, and seated an audience of around 330 people beneath a horizontal dome approximately 18.29 m (160 ft) in diameter. For its first five decades of operation an optomechanical star projector, a Zeiss projector Mark IV, offered the audience a show based on a view of the night sky seen from Earth. Between 1977 and 1990, evening laser performances called 'Laserium' were held.
In 1995, Digistar II was installed as part of a £4.5 million redevelopment, adding monochromatic 3D journeys through virtual outer space and others. The Planetarium was used to teach students from University College London's astronomy department the complexity of the Astronomical coordinate system.
In 2004, the planetarium was upgraded to a full-colour Digistar III system that allowed for both pre-rendered and real-time shows to transport the audience in an immersive full-dome video environment to outer space.
In January 2006, the London Evening Standard reported that the London Planetarium was being renamed "The Auditorium" and would replace astronomical presentations with entertainment shows. Madame Tussauds subsequently announced that in July 2006, the Auditorium would open with a show by Aardman Animations about celebrities.

## Directors

Dr. Henry C. King served as Scientific Director before opening and managing the McLaughlin Planetarium in Toronto, Canada. John Ebdon, author, broadcaster, and Grecophile, was director of the London Planetarium .
# Our Inventions

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 6.3/10 |
| Metacritic | 72/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The A.V. Club | A− |
| Pitchfork | 6.5/10 |
| Q | |
| Spin | 6/10 |
| Uncut | |
| XLR8R | 6.5/10 |
Our Inventions is the fourth studio album by German electronic music band Lali Puna. It was released on 1 April 2010 by Morr Music.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Valerie Trebeljahr, except where noted

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
Lali Puna
* Valerie Trebeljahr
* Markus Acher
* Christoph Brandner
* Christian Heiß
Additional musicians
* Karl Ivar Refseth – percussion, vibraphone
* Yukihiro Takahashi – performance on "Out There"
Production
* Tomohiko Gondo – additional production on "Out There"
* Christian Heiß – recording
* Sean Magee – mastering
* Yukihiro Takahashi – additional production on "Out There"
* Oliver Zülch – mixing, additional production and recording
Design
* Julia Guther – artwork
* Verena Spring – costume design (paper dress)
* Gerald von Foris – photography
# Hydride vapour-phase epitaxy

Hydride vapour-phase epitaxy (HVPE) is an epitaxial growth technique often employed to produce semiconductors such as GaN, GaAs, InP and their related compounds, in which hydrogen chloride is reacted at elevated temperature with the group-III metals to produce gaseous metal chlorides, which then react with ammonia to produce the group-III nitrides. Carrier gasses commonly used include ammonia, hydrogen and various chlorides.
HVPE technology can significantly reduce the cost of production compared to the most common method of vapor deposition of organometallic compounds (MOCVD). Cost reduction is achieved by significantly reducing the consumption of NH$_3$, cheaper source materials than in MOCVD, reducing the capital equipment costs, due to the high growth rate.
Developed in the 1960s, it was the first epitaxial method used for the fabrication of single GaN crystals.
Hydride vapour-phase epitaxy (HVPE) is the only III–V and III–N semiconductor crystal growth process working close to equilibrium. This means that the condensation reactions exhibit fast kinetics: one observes immediate reactivity to an increase of the vapour-phase supersaturation towards condensation. This property is due to the use of chloride vapour precursors GaCl and InCl, of which dechlorination frequency is high enough so that there is no kinetic delay. A wide range of growth rates, from 1 to 100 micrometers per hour, can then be set as a function of the vapour-phase supersaturation. Another HVPE feature is that growth is governed by surface kinetics: adsorption of gaseous precursors, decomposition of ad-species, desorption of decomposition products, surface diffusion towards kink sites. This property is of benefit when it comes to selective growth on patterned substrates for the synthesis of objects and structures exhibiting a 3D morphology. The morphology is only dependent on the intrinsic growth anisotropy of crystals. By setting experimental growth parameters of temperature and composition of the vapour phase, one can control this anisotropy, which can be very high as growth rates can be varied by an order of magnitude. Therefore, we can shape structures with various novel aspect ratios. The accurate control of growth morphology was used for the making of GaN quasi-substrates, arrays of GaAs and GaN structures on the micrometer and submicrometer scales, GaAs tips for local spin injection. Fast dechlorination property is also used for the VLS growth of GaAs and GaN nanowires with exceptional length.
# Tanna fruit dove

The Tanna fruit dove (Ptilinopus tannensis) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Vanuatu.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest.

## Taxonomy

The Tanna fruit dove falls under the Animalia kingdom, Chordata phylum, Aves class, Columbiformes order, Columbidae family, and the Ptilinopus Genus.

## Description

The average length of the Tanna fruit dove is 28 – 30 cm. Its face is yellow and fades into dark green with touches of yellow towards its body. The males have a silver patch below their necks on each side of their bodies. The female Tanna fruit lacks the silver patches but has white on its lower body. Its legs are purply red, and it has a bluish-gray bill. The younger Tanna fruit doves are green with yellow rims on the end of each feather.

## Population and Conservations

The Tanna fruit dove is monotypic. As of 2024, the population trend is decreasing. Although it is not globally threatened, the Tanna fruit dove is experiencing a slow decline due to the loss of suitable large trees. The current population size is unknown. It was previously considered near threatened but is now normally found in all habitats. The average generation length is 3.2 years. Threats to the bird include hunting, trapping, logging, and wood harvesting.

## Distribution and Habitat

The Tanna fruit dove can be found in Vanuatu, a country in Oceania. This bird lives in degraded habitats that have fruit trees. The Tanna fruit dove can be found in a terrestrial or artificial forest. Its habitat types are forests, open woodlands, parklands, plantations, and gardens. It is most commonly found in lowlands but can also be found in mountains under 1500 m. The Tanna fruit doves' upper elevation limit is 500 meters. The Tanna fruit dove travels between islands. Their movement patterns are nomadic because of the ripening of fruit crops.

## Diet and Feeding

The Tanna fruit doves are frugivorous, meaning an animal that feeds on fruit. Their most common foods include strangler figs and mahogany trees. They feed mainly in the canopies. They do their feeding in dense areas where it's difficult to be spotted and they feed by themselves, in pairs, or in small groups.

## Nests and Reproduction

The Tanna fruit doves' nests are thin and made up of twigs, typically found high up in trees. They lay one white egg. Both the mom and the dad care for the young.

## Vocalizations

The Tanna fruit dove’s call is a repeated single coo every 2.5 seconds. The note gradually increases in volume and then has a sudden end.
# In the Shadow of Saddam

In the Shadow of Saddam is the first novel by Mikhael Ramadan. It is a collection of memories. Ramadan, who claims to be an Iraqi defector and former Saddam Hussein body double, asserts that in 1997, Hussein ordered development of "a highly virulent strain of West Nile virus as bioterrorist weapon" capable of killing 97 percent of the population in an urban environment.
# Pacific Daily News

The Pacific Daily News, formerly Guam Daily News, is an online newspaper based in Hagåtña, in the United States territory of Guam. It is owned by Kaleo Moylan.

## History

Guam Daily News began as a newspaper of the United States Navy, published under various titles. Joseph Flores, later the Governor of Guam, bought the newspaper in 1950.
In 1970, a group of purchasers headed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin acquired the Guam Daily News for an undisclosed price. The paper was renamed the Pacific Daily News the same year. The Pacific Daily News was acquired by the Gannett Company in 1971, along with several other newspapers owned by Star-Bulletin.
In February 2021, former lieutenant governor, senator, and local businessman Kaleo Moylan purchased the Pacific Daily News from subsidiaries of the Gannett Company. Moylan's acquisition of the Pacific Daily News returned the media company to local ownership after 50 years of ownership by Gannett.
The newspaper suspended its Saturday and Sunday editions in January 2023. Its final print edition was published on March 31, 2023. From now on, the publication will be online only.

## Contents

The Pacific Daily News ("PDN" as nicknamed by locals) offers readers the latest local headlines and stories covering Guam, Micronesia and the Pacific Rim region, along with breaking news from the United States and the world. Most of what the PDN covers usually involves political matters and issues affecting those living on Guam.
In addition, the PDN also features a weekly entertainment section published each Friday called "GuamPika", which is geared towards visitors to the island.
It is one of two newspapers on Guam, the other being The Guam Daily Post. The Marianas Variety, out of Saipan, offers competition in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

## Sister publications

The PDN publishes these spinoff weeklies, geared towards military personnel:
* The Navigator – Which focuses on the Naval community
* The Pacific Edge – Serving the Air Force community
# Under Burning Skies

Under Burning Skies is a 1912 American short silent drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Blanche Sweet.

## Cast

* Wilfred Lucas - Joe
* Blanche Sweet - Emily
* Christy Cabanne - Emily's Husband
* Alfred Paget - Emily's Husband's Friend
* Edwin August - On Street
* Frank Evans - In Bar
* Charles Gorman - In Bar
* Robert Harron - On Street / At Farewell Party
* Charles Hill Mailes - In Bar / At Farewell Party
* Marguerite Marsh - At Farewell Party
* Claire McDowell - A Friend
* W. Chrystie Miller - At Farewell Party
* W. C. Robinson - On Street
* Charles West - The Bartender (as Charles H. West)
# Plesiophyle

Plesiophyle is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Yehuda Chitrik

Rabbi Yehuda Chitrik (August 28, 1899 – February 14, 2006) was an author and Mashpia in the Chabad Hasidic community in Brooklyn, New York.

## Early life

Yehuda Chitrik was born in 1899 in Krasnaluk [ru], a small Jewish shtetl in Belarus, to a prominent Lubavitch family that traces its roots to the foremost Chassidim of the Alter Rebbe. At the age of 14, he began studying in Yeshiva Tomchei Temimim in the village of Lyubavichi, where he met the fifth Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Sholom Dovber Schneersohn. For the next 12 years, he traveled to many different communities together with the Yeshiva, for the difficulties caused by World War I, the Bolshevik revolution, and the economic pressures to which the Jews were subjected compelled the Yeshiva to move frequently.
In 1926, Chitrik married Kayla Tomarkin, the daughter of Rabbi Aharon Tomarkin, a Rabbi in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and began to serve as a Shochet until the Russian government forcefully shut down the ritual slaughterhouses. During this period he also met Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who later became the seventh Lubavitcher rebbe.

## Post-Holocaust

In the turmoil that followed World War II and the Holocaust, Rabbi Chitrik and his family moved to Belgium with the intention of continuing to the United States. But the sixth Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn recognized his skills and asked him to remain in Belgium to support the community and spread Yiddishkeit and Chassidic warmth among the many refugees who had settled in that country.
In 1949, he emigrated to Montreal, Canada, where he was appointed Mashpia in the branch of the Lubavitcher Yeshiva established there. After the passing of his wife in 1983, he moved to Brooklyn.
Rabbi Chitrik was the eldest living Chabad Chassid for many years. He died 17 Shevat 5766. He has four children and eighteen grandchildren, and is survived by over 300 descendants in total.
Many of his descendants serve as spiritual leaders and rabbis across the globe. Amongst them is his son-in-law Rabbi David Moshe Lieberman, who serves as the chief rabbi of Antwerp, Belgium. His great grandsons, Rabbi Mendy Chitrik of Istanbul, Turkey serves as the Chairman of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States. Other descendants serve in China, Turkey, Germany, Australia, Israel, Canada, Uruguay, Brazil, Ukraine, England Archived 2007-07-04 at the Wayback Machine and cities across the United States: Bedford, NY; Philadelphia, PA, New York City, NY; Munster, IN; Oak Park, MI.

## Writings

* Reshimot Devorim, four volumes.
* From My Father's Shabbos Table, A Treasury of Chabad Chassidic Stories
# Moechotypa jeanvoinei

Moechotypa jeanvoinei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1934. It is known from Vietnam.
# All Saints Chapel, Instow

All Saints Chapel is a combined Church of England chapel and community centre in Instow, Devon, England.

## History

All Saints was designed by the local architect Mr. Burnett Napier Henderson Orphoot in memory of his late wife, Marjorie Harriet Orphoot, who died in 1933. Once constructed and furnished at his sole expense, Orphoot gifted the building to Instow as a chapel of ease to the parish church of St John. It was built on a plot of land provided by Mrs. Orphoot's sister, in an area of the village over half a mile from the parish church.
Construction of the chapel began in September 1935, and it was dedicated by the Bishop of Exeter, the Right Rev. Lord William Cecil, on 27 February 1936. Today services at the chapel are held weekly between November and Easter and monthly during the summer. It also serves as a community centre.

## Architecture

Orphoot designed the chapel in the Renaissance style, with seating for 45 people. The building has an apse at its east end, which contains a stone altar inlaid with Italian mosaics. The mahogany roof timbers were sourced from HMS Revenge. The east bellcote contains a single bell, supplied by Gillett & Johnston.
# Ervín Hoida

Ervín Hoida (30 November 1918 – 14 February 2024) was the last surviving Czechoslovak veteran of the Battle of France.

## Biography

Hoida, born in Ostrava, was the youngest of three sons born to Jewish parents, Ferdinand and Frantiska (née Enochova). His journey began with woodworking studies at a college in Valašské Meziříčí, followed by an assistant manager position at the Schnitzer factory in Krnov in 1937. Concerned about the treatment of Jews in Germany, his father, a successful businessman, initiated plans to leave the country. With the occupation of Czechoslovakia, the parents sent their belongings to London and attempted to depart for Haifa, only to be redirected to Mauritius. Meanwhile, Hoida, his brothers, and their wives traveled to Italy on student passes. Hoida managed to navigate to France under cover of darkness, landing in Nice, and sought assistance from the Czechoslovak consulate.
In the summer of 1943, he underwent a tank driver's course and enlisted in the Foreign Legion in Sidi Bel Abbès, French Algeria. Later, he joined the 1st Infantry Regiment Czech Army, stationed for rear guard duty northeast of Paris. Forced to retreat, he swam across the river at Gien after a bridge on the Loire was destroyed. While his brothers remained in France, Hoida traveled to Gibraltar before reaching Liverpool, England, where he joined other 4,000 soldiers in the Czech Independent Armoured Brigade. During this time, he married Isabel Lucas who worked for the Auxiliary Territorial Service. Afterwards, his battalion's tanks were involved in the siege of Dunkerque before eventually reaching to Czechoslovakia's borders.
After returning to Ostrava with his wife, Hoida immigrated back to England to escape the communist regime. He worked as a draughtsman at Heaton Tabb, a Liverpool firm specializing in crafting interior furnishings for opulent ocean liners. Subsequently, he ascended to the role of executive director at Rackstraw, a company based in Worcester, renowned for its production of exquisite reproduction antique furniture, until his retirement in 1983. Following the death of his wife in 1997, with whom he had two sons, he left Malvern Hills and returned to Merseyside where he married Lena Binks in 2005. He also spent twelve years living in Spain before settling in Wirral. Hoida died on 14 February 2024, at the age of 105.
# Meir Just

Meir Just (7 July 1908 – 9 April 2010) was the Chief Rabbi of Amsterdam, Netherlands. Just served as a spiritual leader for the Dutch Jewish community for more than 45 years, until his death in 2010.
Just was born on 7 July 1908 in Vizhnitz, Bukovina (now Vyzhnytsia, Ukraine) in 1908 to rabbi Nisan Just, chief composer for Vizhnitz dynasty and gabbai of the late Vizhnitser Rebbe. Just died at his home in Amsterdam on 9 April 2010, at the age of 101. His memorial service was held at the Raw Aron Schuster Synagogue in Amsterdam and he was buried in Israel.
# Harry Kozol

Harry Kozol (August 2, 1906 – August 27, 2008) was an American neurologist who helped establish the fields of forensic psychiatry and neuropsychiatry. Kozol treated or analyzed several well-known figures, including playwright Eugene O'Neill, the Boston Strangler, and heiress Patty Hearst.
He married Ruth (Massell) Kozol and was the father of Jonathan Kozol. In later years, Kozol suffered from Alzheimer's disease, and his son wrote a book about the family's experience, The Theft of Memory.
He graduated from Harvard College and Harvard Medical School.
# Heerbrugg railway station

Heerbrugg railway station (German: Bahnhof Heerbrugg) is a railway station in Au, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is an intermediate stop on the Chur–Rorschach line.

## Services

As of the December 2024 timetable change, the following services stop at Heerbrugg:
* : hourly service between Zürich HB and Chur, half-hourly service between St. Gallen and Chur.
* St. Gallen S-Bahn S2 / S4: half-hourly service between Wattwil and Altstätten SG via St. Gallen and hourly service to Rapperswil, Sargans, and Nesslau-Neu St. Johann.

## Gallery

* Station building in 1960
* Station building in 1995
* Station building in 2010
* Station building in 2021, streetside
* Bus stop in 2019
* Signal box in 1991
* Expo space in the former signal box (2018)
# Martin Magner

Martin Magner (March 5, 1900 – January 30, 2002) was a German-American theatre, radio, and television director.
Magner was born in Stettin, Germany (now Szczecin, Poland); his father was a Lutheran director of a shipping line and his mother a Jewish concert pianist. He acted in the Hamburg Chamber Theatre from the age of 18 and replaced the general director of the company when he left for fear of the Nazis, despite his protest that he was himself Jewish. Four years later, on March 21, 1933, after being ordered to fire the company's remaining Jews, he fled to Vienna.
For the following three years he worked there, in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), and in Prague, where he directed operas. During these years he won praise from George Bernard Shaw, who liked his production of his play Too True to Be Good enough to call Magner an exception to his rule that "Youth is wasted on the young", and Sigmund Freud, who offered to train him as a lay psychoanalyst on the strength of a play about a psychiatrist. He declined.
In 1936 Magner emigrated to the United States, settling in Chicago, where a Prague friend, Kurt Herbert Adler, was doing theatre work. For a while he taught at Northwestern University and again directed opera. In the 1940s he moved to radio and then in 1943 to television, working as a producer and director for 25 years, first for NBC and then from 1950 to 1965 for CBS in New York. His work included pioneering shows like Studio One, The Goldbergs, Lamp Unto My Feet, and Robert Montgomery Presents, and he hired a young Studs Terkel.
After having to retire when he reached the age of 65, he moved to California and returned to theatre; he became the artistic director of the Inglewood Playhouse and started the New Theatre Inc. with Hope Summers. He made a practice of celebrating his birthday by directing a challenging play: for his 98th, Friedrich Dürrenmatt's Play Strindberg and for his 99th, the West Coast premiere of Thomas Hurlimann's The Envoy. He preferred classics; other examples were Georg Büchner's Woyzeck, Ben Jonson's Volpone, Jean Paul Sartre's The Condemned of Altona, Somerset Maugham's The Sacred Flame, and Athol Fugard's Blood Knot. He often used multi-racial casts.
The Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle gave him a special award in 1975 and a lifetime achievement award in 1989.
Magner enjoyed mountain climbing. He was married for the third time to the photographer Marion Palfi; she died of breast cancer in 1979. He died of cancer in Los Angeles.
# Khurshid Ali Khan

Khurshid Ali Khan was the Governor of the North-West Frontier Province from 1993 to 1996.

## Early life and education

He was born on 5 October 1933 to the Swat State Prime Minister Khan Bahadur Hazrat Ali Khan and he was his eldest son.
His uncle, Khan Bahadur Ahmad Ali Khan was the Commander-in-Chief of the Swat State Army.
He was educated at Aitchison College, Lahore. He belongs to Dargai, Malakand Agency, KPK.
Khurshid obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul in 1955 and post graduated from Command & Staff College, Quetta in 1967. He obtained a master's degree in strategic studies from the National Defense College, Rawalpindi in 1975.

## Personal life

He married Sujat Begum on 31 March 1956. They have 3 children, Naushad Ali Khan, Shandana Khan, and Zainab Khan. His son Naushad Ali Khan was Chief Commissioner Income tax.

## Political career

Khurshid Ali Khan served as the Governor of the North-West Frontier Province from 1993 to 1996 during Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto's government.

## Death

He died on 3 November 2021. Chief Minister of KPK Mehmood Khan expressed sorrow and grief over the passing of the former governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Major General (Retd) Khurshid Ali Khan. His funeral prayers were offered at Wazirabad Dargai in Malakand where he was buried with full military honours in his ancestral local graveyard. The body of the deceased army officer was saluted.