OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sexlessness

Sexlessness is the state of being either without sexual activity, or without a biological sex. It may refer to:
* Asexuality, the lack of sexual attraction to others, or low or absent interest in or desire for sexual activity
* Sexual abstinence, the practice of refraining from some or all aspects of sexual activity
* Celibacy, the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both
* Incels, a controversial online subculture of "involuntary celibates"
* Sexless marriage, a marital union in which little or no sexual activity occurs between the two spouses
* Gonadal agenesis, when a male child is born without gonads and consequently develops no testes
* Aphallia, a congenital malformation in which the phallus (penis or clitoris) is absent
* Nullification (body modification), short for "genital nullification", an extreme body modification subculture
* Turner syndrome, monosomy in which someone lacks an additional X chromosome
# Frank Braxton

Frank Cavalier Braxton Jr. (March 31, 1929 – June 1, 1969) was an African-American animator and director active in the early 1950s to the late 1960s. He was one of the first black animators hired by both Disney and Warner Bros.

## Life
### Career

Frank C. Braxton Jr. was born on March 31, 1929. As a little boy, he developed an enthusiasm for drawing and was known for carrying his sketchbook around, capturing images of the 1930s and 40s L.A. As a senior at Manual Arts High School, he filled the 1947 yearbook with his depiction of school life.
Braxton made his first attempt in the early 1950s, when he was hired by Disney as a trainee and let go within a few months.
Shortly after that, Braxton restarted his animator career at Warner Bros., alongside Ben Washam. Braxton and Washam were first encountered in the singing classes of Lee Wintner at LA City College. Washam, at that time, was an animator in Chuck Jones' unit at Warner Bros. Washam immediately recognized Braxton's work when the enthusiastic Braxton showed him his portfolio. To guarantee Braxton would get hired at Warner Bros., Washam even created a rumor of how the company was racist and not hiring black animators to anger Eddie Selzer, the head of the studio.
Without any animation experience, Braxton spent his first two years in the company as a beginner and learnt the art form with other new hires. Braxton soon earned himself the position of Washam's assistant when he gradually fulfilled his art talent, thus many works of Chuck Jones' unit in the mid-1950s contain contributions by Braxton. After he left Chuck Jones' unit and Warner Bros., he worked under animation director Bill Hurtz and once managed a cartoon studio in Barcelona, Spain.
Back in the United States, Braxton started to gain success as an animator. He was working in animation at MGM on theatrical Tom & Jerry shorts and directing The Bullwinkle Show and Mr. Magoo. In 1960, he became the president of the Screen Cartoonist's Guild, making him the first black president of any Hollywood film union. Braxton's mentor Washam, who had been a two-term union president himself, encouraged Braxton to be more interactive with the union.
In 1967, Braxton was involved in the production of the comic strip the Peanuts specials. In the same year, he animated the Charlie Brown TV specials You’re in Love, Charlie Brown and He’s Your Dog, Charlie Brown under his Warner-alumnus Bill Melendez. He was also the director for Jay Ward's latest TV series, George of the Jungle and on early Cap'n Crunch cereal commercials.
In 1969, Braxton died of cancer at age 40, and he was buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Los Angeles. His last animated project, A Boy Named Charlie Brown, was released in the same year.

### Legacy

On February 2, 2019, Braxton was granted the Winsor McCay Award from ASIFA (the International Animated Film Association) “in recognition of lifetime or career contributions to the art of animation.”
# Chris Clements (animation director)

Chris Clements is an American animation director with The Simpsons. Prior to that, he was a character layout artist with the show. The second episode he directed, "The Haw-Hawed Couple", was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2007 for Outstanding Animated Program (Less Than One Hour).

## Episodes

* "Dude, Where's My Ranch?"
* "The Haw-Hawed Couple"
* "Papa Don't Leech"
* "Gone Maggie Gone"
* "Million Dollar Maybe"
* "Moms I'd Like to Forget"
* "The Great Simpsina"
* "The D'oh-cial Network"
* "A Totally Fun Thing That Bart Will Never Do Again"
* "A Test Before Trying"
* "Pulpit Friction"
* "Married to the Blob"
* "Luca$"
* "Walking Big & Tall"
* "Let's Go Fly a Coot"
* "The Girl Code"
* "The Marge-ian Chronicles" (co-written with Matthew Faughnan)
* "The Great Phatsby"
* "22 for 30"
* "The Girl on the Bus"
* "Bart vs. Itchy & Scratchy"
* "Todd, Todd, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me?"
* "Highway to Well"
* "The Dad-Feelings Limited"
* "Uncut Femmes"
* "Top Goon"
* "Pin Gal"
* "Night of the Living Wage"
# William H. Smith (Connecticut politician)

William H. Smith (June 11, 1842 – February 19, 1915) was Warden of the Borough of Norwalk, Connecticut from 1882 to 1885.
He was the son of William Duff Smith and Susan E. Smith of Norwalk.
He was for some time in partnership with William C. Street in the hardware business.
He was a member of the Norwalk City Council in 1896.

## Associations

* Founding incorporator (1887), The Norwalk Club
# Mathabhanga River

Mathabhanga River (Bengali: মাথাভাঙ্গা নদী, romanized: Māthābhāṅgā Nadī) is a transboundary river in India and Bangladesh.

## History

The Mathabhanga or Hauli, whose lower reach is called the Haulia, leaves the Padma about ten miles below the point where the Jalangi departs from it. It flows first in a southeasterly direction as far as Hatboalia village, where it bifurcates one branch, which is thereafter known as the Kumar or Pangasi, it then proceeds in the same direction, past Alamdanga, up to the boundary of the district which it forms for a few miles until it passes into Jessore, whilst the other branch pursues a very tortuous course. The general trend of which is to the south, until, after passing Chuadanga it reaches Krishnaganj (in India). There a second bifurcation takes place, the two resulting streams become the Churni River and the Ichamati, and the name of the parent river is lost. It borderline's between India and Bangladesh near Shikarpur, Karimpur. The Mathabhanga is an important river in south western Bangladesh and plays an important role in carrying sweet water from the rainfall through Jalangi to the Sundarbans. The color of the river is green and clear.
# Sam Liu

Sam Liu is an American animation producer, director, storyboard artist and character designer. He is best known for directing animated superhero films at both Marvel Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation.
Sam attended the University of California, Santa Cruz for fine art then went on to Art Center College of Design as an illustration major. While at UCSC he illustrated for the first Cyberpunk RPG from R. Talsorian Games.
Liu's first job was in comic books, penciling for Image Comics. In 1996, he moved to animation, directing Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles and Godzilla: The Series for Sony Animation. He later went to Sony Computer Entertainment of America to design characters for PlayStation, then came back to animation, winning a Daytime Emmy Award for his work on The Batman series in 2006. He was a sequence director for The Batman vs Dracula.
He has since worked on many animated films for Marvel Entertainment and Warner Bros. Animation, including All-Star Superman, Superman/Batman: Public Enemies, Hulk Vs, Planet Hulk, Thor: Son of Asgard, and co-directing with Lauren Montgomery on Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths and Batman: Year One. Liu was also the primary character designer for Superman/Batman: Apocalypse. In 2010, Liu moved back to television, directing Green Lantern: The Animated Series with Bruce Timm, and Beware the Batman with Glen Murakami.
He then directed the animated film Justice League: Gods and Monsters, its companion series Justice League: Gods and Monsters Chronicles written by Bruce Timm, the animated film Justice League vs. Teen Titans, Justice League vs. the Fatal Five, the animated adaptation of Batman: The Killing Joke, the animated films Teen Titans: The Judas Contract and Batman and Harley Quinn, the animated adaptation of Gotham by Gaslight, and the animated film Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay.
Along with Jake Castorena, Liu co-directed the first-installment animated adaptation of The Death of Superman. Liu then directed the sequel animated adaptation Reign of the Supermen and the animated film Justice League vs. the Fatal Five. He then co-directed Wonder Woman: Bloodlines with Justin Copeland which came with the DC Showcase: Death short which he solo produced and directed. He then directed the standalone film Superman: Red Son, which he also co-produced. Most recently, he directed and co-produced another standalone film, Batman: Soul of the Dragon.
# Michael Marcantel

Michael Marcantel is a former animation director on The Simpsons. He graduated from the California Institute of the Arts, where he studied in the Experimental Animation program under Jules Engel.

## Simpsons episodes

He has directed the following episodes:

### Season Eleven

* "Bart to the Future"

### Season Twelve

* "Day of the Jackanapes"

### Season Thirteen

* "Weekend at Burnsie's"

### Season Fourteen

* "A Star Is Born Again"

### Season Sixteen

* "Thank God It's Doomsday"

### Season Seventeen

* "Bart Has Two Mommies"

### Season Eighteen

* "The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer"
# Stephanie Maxwell

Stephanie Angela Maxwell is an animator, filmmaker and Professor Emeritus in the School of Film and Animation at the Rochester Institute of Technology. She specializes in hand-painted experimental abstract animation. Her techniques include direct-on-film painting, motion painting, object animation, copier techniques, and live action manipulation. Most of her works are collaborations with composers.
Stephanie Maxwell's works have been presented in many international festivals and solo retrospectives, including the Northwest Film Forum, the Downtown Los Angeles Film Festival, and the Ottawa International Animation Festival. She was co-founder and co-director for 12 years of the ImageMovementSound festivals, an annual festival of collaborative productions by interdisciplinary artists.

## Works

Stephanie Maxwell's films include:
* Aquarium (2018), Aquarium by Camille Saint-Saëns, arranged by Max Berlin
* River (2015), composer Tom Davis
* Ocean (2014), composer Michaela Eremiasova
* Marimba Quartet (2014), composer Michael Burritt
* tzzzz! (2010), composer Yuya Takeda
* Currents (2008), a collaborative work with Michaela Eremiasova and Jairo Duarte-Lopez
* Time Streams (2003), a collaborative work with composer Allan Schindler
* Nocturne (1999), a collaborative work with composer Greg Wilder
* Driving Abstractions (1997), composer Bill Haslett

## Publications

* "Why I work direct on film", Animation, vol. 7, spring 1999
# Adam Muto

Adam Muto (born July 20) is an American writer, storyboard artist, animator, and producer known for his work as the executive producer and showrunner of the animated television series Adventure Time.

## Career

Muto was a classmate of Adventure Time creator Pendleton Ward at CalArts. When Ward was first working on the Adventure Time pilot for the Frederator incubator series Random! Cartoons, Muto assisted him by drawing props. Eventually, Muto went on to work on the television series, serving as a storyboard artist. During the show's first season, he was partnered with Elizabeth Ito, but during the show's second and third seasons, he was partnered with Rebecca Sugar. During the following year, he was promoted to creative director, and midway through the show's fifth season, he was promoted to supervising producer, then co-executive producer. From mid-season five until the show's conclusion, he served as the show's showrunner and executive producer (following Ward's stepping down sometime during the production of season five).

## Awards

Adam Muto's work on Adventure Time gained him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for the second season episode "It Came from the Nightosphere" in 2011, along with his then-storyboarding partner Rebecca Sugar.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2006–07 | Random! Cartoons | Creator ("SamSquatch" short) |
| 2008–21 | Adventure Time | Storyline writer, storyboard artist, director, creative director (Seasons 3–5), supervising director (Seasons 5–9), supervising producer (2013-2014), co-executive producer, executive producer (Season 6–10), showrunner (Season 5–10) |
| 2018 | Summer Camp Island | Additional storyboard artist (Season 1) |
| 2019 | Steven Universe | writer, Storyboard artist (Season 5, Future) |
| 2020 | Adventure Time: Distant Lands | Executive producer, storyline writer, storyboard artist |
| 2021 | City of Ghosts | Voice of Walter |
| 2023 | Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake | Developer, executive producer, showrunner |
# Raymie Muzquiz

Donald Raymie Muzquiz (born December 21, 1960) is an American animation director. He has directed several episodes of Futurama, and served as supervising director on the Cartoon Network series Clarence during the first season. He has also directed episodes of Drawn Together, Duckman, Hey Arnold!, Sit Down, Shut Up, and Rugrats. He was also a storyboard artist on Futurama, Aaahh!!! Real Monsters, Despicable Me and The Simpsons. Also, he directed the television movie The Electric Piper.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Film | Career |
| 1988 | The Drifter | Still Photographer/Craft Service |
| 1998 | The Rugrats Movie | Sequence Director/Supervising Animation Timing Director |
| 2003 | Rugrats Go Wild | Sequence Director |
| 2010 | Despicable Me | Additional Storyboard Artist |

### Television

| Year | Show | Career | Notes |
| 1990-92 | The Simpsons | Storyboard Revisions/Storyboard Artist | 18 episodes |
| 1991-97 | Rugrats | Storyboard Artist/Sheet Timer/Director | 19 episodes |
| 1994 | Edith Ann: Homeless Go Home | Storyboard Artist/Animation Director | TV movie |
| 1994-97 | Duckman | Storyboard Artist/Animation Timer/Director | 18 episodes |
| 1994 | Aaahh!!! Real Monsters | Storyboard Artist | 2 episodes |
| 2002 | Hey Arnold! | Director | 2 episodes |
| 2003 | The Electric Piper | Director/Voice Director | TV movie |
| 2005-06 | Drawn Together | Director | 2 episodes |
| 2006-07 | Squirrel Boy | Storyboard Artist/Director/Supervising Director | 53 episodes |
| 2009 | Sit Down, Shut Up | Director | 2 episodes |
| 2009-10 | Dinosaur Train | Storyboard Artist | 2 episodes |
| 2010-13 | Futurama | Director | 8 episodes |
| 2012 | Napoleon Dynamite | Director | 1 episode |
| 2014-15 | Clarence | Supervising Director/Story/Storyboard Artist | 49 episodes |
| 2017 | Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie | Supervising Producer/Director/Additional Voice Director | TV movie |
| 2018 | Disenchantment | Main Title Design | 10 episodes |
| 2019 | Apple & Onion | Supervising Director | 14 episodes |
# Patrick Osborne (animator)

Patrick Osborne is an American animator, screenwriter and film director. He won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film for his 2014 film Feast.

## Early life and education

Osborne grew up in the Cincinnati suburb of Green Township, went to the Our Lady of the Visitation School for grade school, and graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati in 1999. He earned a degree in computer animation from the Ringling College of Art and Design in 2003.

## Career

Osborne's directorial debut was the short film Feast (2014), about a Boston Terrier who loves getting fed junk food. The short was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and premiered in front of Big Hero 6 (2014) in theaters. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 2015. Osborne had previously worked as an animator on films such as Wreck-It Ralph (2012) and Bolt (2008).
He directed Pearl for Google's Spotlight Stories, a short film about the relationship between a father and his daughter. The film is set entirely in a car and shows the decay of the car and the structure of the film reflects the song which plays throughout it. It uses cuts, which were previously unexplored, and over forty sets, which is more than any other of the Google Spotlight shorts. For his work on the film, Osborne was again nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 2017.
Osborne served as animation director for the ABC comedy series Imaginary Mary (which he co-created alongside The Goldbergs creator Adam F. Goldberg) until it was cancelled in 2017. He is directing Paul Popue's graphic novel Battling Boy.
Osborne has been selected by Paramount Pictures and Weed Road to direct a film version of the video game Monument Valley, originally developed by Ustwo in 2015.
In July 2022, it was announced that Osborne would write and direct an adaptation of The Goon for Netflix.

## Filmography

* Feast (2014) – writer, director (short film)
* Pearl (2016) – writer, director (short film)
* Imaginary Mary (2017) – co-creator, executive producer, animation director (TV series)
* Drawn Closer (2021) – co-writer, director (short film)
* Happier Than Ever: A Love Letter to Los Angeles (2021) – co-director (concert film with animated sequences)
* Nimona (2023) - co-producer
# Modified Richardson iteration

Modified Richardson iteration is an iterative method for solving a system of linear equations. Richardson iteration was proposed by Lewis Fry Richardson in his work dated 1910. It is similar to the Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel method.
We seek the solution to a set of linear equations, expressed in matrix terms as
    $Ax=b.\,$
The Richardson iteration is
    $x^{(k+1)}=x^{(k)}+\omega \left(b-Ax^{(k)}\right),$
where $\omega$ is a scalar parameter that has to be chosen such that the sequence $x^{(k)}$ converges.
It is easy to see that the method has the correct fixed points, because if it converges, then $x^{(k+1)}\approx x^{(k)}$ and $x^{(k)}$ has to approximate a solution of $Ax=b$.

## Convergence

Subtracting the exact solution $x$, and introducing the notation for the error $e^{(k)}=x^{(k)}-x$, we get the equality for the errors
    $e^{(k+1)}=e^{(k)}-\omega Ae^{(k)}=(I-\omega A)e^{(k)}.$
Thus,
    $\|e^{(k+1)}\|=\|(I-\omega A)e^{(k)}\|\leq \|I-\omega A\|\|e^{(k)}\|,$
for any vector norm and the corresponding induced matrix norm. Thus, if $\|I-\omega A\|<1$, the method converges.
Suppose that $A$ is symmetric positive definite and that $(\lambda _{j})_{j}$ are the eigenvalues of $A$. The error converges to $0$ if $|1-\omega \lambda _{j}|<1$ for all eigenvalues $\lambda _{j}$. If, e.g., all eigenvalues are positive, this can be guaranteed if $\omega$ is chosen such that $0<\omega <\omega _{\text{max}}\,,\ \omega _{\text{max}}:=2/\lambda _{\text{max}}(A)$. The optimal choice, minimizing all $|1-\omega \lambda _{j}|$, is $\omega _{\text{opt}}:=2/(\lambda _{\text{min}}(A)+\lambda _{\text{max}}(A))$, which gives the simplest Chebyshev iteration. This optimal choice yields a spectral radius of
    $\min _{\omega \in (0,\omega _{\text{max}})}\rho (I-\omega A)=\rho (I-\omega _{\text{opt}}A)=1-{\frac {2}{\kappa (A)+1}}\,,$
where $\kappa (A)$ is the condition number.
If there are both positive and negative eigenvalues, the method will diverge for any $\omega$ if the initial error $e^{(0)}$ has nonzero components in the corresponding eigenvectors.

## Equivalence to gradient descent

Consider minimizing the function $F(x)={\frac {1}{2}}\|{\tilde {A}}x-{\tilde {b}}\|_{2}^{2}$. Since this is a convex function, a sufficient condition for optimality is that the gradient is zero ($\nabla F(x)=0$) which gives rise to the equation
    ${\tilde {A}}^{T}{\tilde {A}}x={\tilde {A}}^{T}{\tilde {b}}.$
Define $A={\tilde {A}}^{T}{\tilde {A}}$ and $b={\tilde {A}}^{T}{\tilde {b}}$. Because of the form of A, it is a positive semi-definite matrix, so it has no negative eigenvalues.
A step of gradient descent is
    $x^{(k+1)}=x^{(k)}-t\nabla F(x^{(k)})=x^{(k)}-t(Ax^{(k)}-b)$
which is equivalent to the Richardson iteration by making $t=\omega$.
# Irki

Irki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Koszęcin, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Koszęcin, 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Lubliniec, and 47 km (29 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Antwaune Ponds

Antwuane Ponds (born June 29, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Syracuse Orange and was selected in the seventh round of the 1998 NFL draft with the 206th overall pick.
# Komarhat

Komarhat is a census town in the Baruipur CD block in the Baruipur subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian State of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

Baruipur subdivision is a rural subdivision with moderate levels of urbanization. 31.05% of the population lives in the urban areas and 68.95% lives in the rural areas. In the southern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 20 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the southern part is covered by the Baruipur-Jaynagar Plain. Archaeological excavations at Dhosa and Tilpi, on the bank of the Piyali River indicate the existence of human habitation around 2,000 years ago.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Komarhat is located at 22°19′08″N 88°27′13″E﻿ / ﻿22.3190°N 88.4537°E﻿ / 22.3190; 88.4537. It has an average elevation of 9 metres (30 ft).
Khodar Bazar on the west, Salipur on the north, Baruipur (CT) on the east are census towns adjacent to Baruipur city, and Komarhat is a little away on the south, as per the map of the Baruipur CD block in the District Census Handbook for the South 24 Parganas.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Komarhat had a total population of 5,782, of which 2,987 (52%) were males and 2,795 (48%) were females. There were 669 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate persons in Komarhat was 4,021 (78.64% of the population over 6 years).
Religion in Komarhat (2011)

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Komarhat covered an area of 1.8752 km$^2$. Among the physical aspects, there is a railway station at Dhapdhapi 1.4 km away. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved borewells. It had 900 domestic electric connections and 100 road light points. Among the medical facilities it had 1 charitable hospital/ nursing home and 14 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities It had was 1 primary school, the nearest secondary school, the nearest senior secondary school at Baruipur 5 km away.

## Transport

Komarhat is on the State Highway 1.
Dhapdhapi railway station is located nearby.

## Healthcare

Hariharpur Block Primary Health Centre, with 10 beds, at Hariharpur (PO Mallikpur), is the major government medical facility in the Baruipur CD block.