OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Copper-clad aluminium wire

Copper-clad aluminium wire (CCAW or CCA) is a dual-metal electrical conductor composed of an inner aluminium core and outer copper cladding.

## Production

A copper strip is formed into the shape of a cylinder, while it is being wrapped around an aluminum core and the edges of the copper strip are welded together. The assembly is then pulled through a die, where the cladded wire is squeezed and stretched while also improving the bonding between the copper and the aluminum core.

## Uses

The primary applications of this conductor revolve around weight reduction requirements. These applications include high-quality coils, such as the voice coils in headphones or portable loudspeakers; high frequency coaxial applications, such as RF antennas and cable television distribution cables; and power cables.
CCA was also used in electrical wiring for buildings. The copper/aluminium construction was adopted to avoid some of the problems with aluminium wire yet retain most of the cost advantage. Its low copper content makes it unattractive to copper thieves.
CCA is also seen in counterfeit unshielded twisted pair networking cables. These cables are often less expensive than their full-copper counterparts, but the official specifications such as Category 6 require conductors to be pure copper. This has exposed the manufacturers or installers of cable with fake certification to legal liabilities.

## Properties

The properties of copper-clad aluminium wire include:
* Less expensive than a pure copper wire
* Lighter than pure copper
* Higher electrical conductivity than pure aluminium
* Higher strength than aluminium
* Electrical connections typically more reliable than pure aluminium

## Disadvantages

* Easily sold as counterfeit copper wire to unaware clients
* Much more prone to mechanical fatigue failure than pure copper wire
* Gets much hotter than pure copper in case of severe overcurrent, such as short circuits, although this is not an issue for code-compliant installations with proper fuses or circuit breakers.

## Skin effect

The skin effect forces alternating current to flow on the outer periphery of any wire; in this case, the outer copper cladding of the conductor which has lower resistance than the mostly unused aluminum interior. The better conductor on the outer path causes the wire's resistance at high frequencies, where the skin effect is greater, to approach that of a pure copper wire. This improved conductivity over bare aluminum makes the copper-clad aluminium wire a good fit for radio frequency use.
The skin effect is similarly exploited in copper-clad steel wire, such as the center conductors of many coaxial cables, which are commonly used for high frequency feedlines with high strength and conductivity requirements.
# Go Further

Go Further is a 2003 documentary film by Ron Mann starring Woody Harrelson and a group of other environmental activists riding around in a large, bio-fueled bus. The tour was called the Simple Organic Living Tour and it was produced by cause-related marketers the Spitfire Agency. The film debuted at the South by Southwest Film Festival in March 2003, and at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2003, where it was first runner-up for the People's Choice Award. It was also nominated for a Genie Award for Best Documentary. The film features cameos by Dave Matthews, Natalie Merchant, Ken Kesey, Bob Weir (of the Grateful Dead), Michael Franti (of Spearhead), Anthony Kiedis (of Red Hot Chili Peppers), Rob Heydon, Medeski Martin & Wood, and The String Cheese Incident.

## Description

Ron Mann's Go Further is a documentary observing the escapades of Woody Harrelson and his comrades as they travel from Seattle, Washington, to Los Angeles, California. In an attempt to spread a message of change in order to better the planet, Woody and his companions—"a yoga-teacher, a raw food chef, a hemp-activist, a junk-food addict, and a college student who suspends her life to impulsively hop aboard"—speak at numerous universities and visit various environmentally important sites, as their journey weaves on and around Route 101. It is an example of individual and political action on climate change.

## Book

The film also triggered the writing of a book, titled Go Further, published by Warwick Publishing in Toronto, Ontario. The book's ideologies and themes parallel the movie.
# Agudar

Agudar ('Creator') is the creator god in Aleutian mythology. The name is also alternately rendered as Agurur, Agûģuq, Agugux, Agu'gux or Agu'gux'.
Agudar is a universal force, similar to the concept of Great Spirit in other Native American religions. They are believed to be the creator of the universe, a hunting deity who watches over animals and hunters, a reincarnation deity and a solar deity.
There is not much documented information about Agudar.

## Worship and rituals

The worship of Agudar by men and women were performed separately, in sacred places such as caves. Only adult males were allowed in sacred ceremonies. When someone dies, commoners and slaves are cremated, and children and the upper class are mummified by stuffing the body with grass and oil and wrapped in fur before burial.
Ioannin Veniaminov, a member of the Russian Orthodoxy, noted a ritual where at dawn everyone would face the sun, open their mouths, and swallow the light because daylight represents life. Stepan Cherepanov noted that when hunting with the Aleut people, they would say a prayer asking for aid.
After the introduction and influence of Russian Orthodoxy, Agudar was also used to refer to the Christian God.
# Cultural Honor Prize of the City of Munich

The Cultural Honor Prize of the City of Munich (German: Kultureller Ehrenpreis der Landeshauptstadt München) is a cultural award presented annually by the City of Munich since 1958. The award is endowed with 10,000 euros. The prize is given to "a personality of international renown for their cultural or scientific achievements. A close connection to Munich is also essential." The jury consists of the mayor, the head of the Cultural Affairs Department, the previous year's prizewinner if applicable, five members of the city council, and five independent expert jurors.

## Recipients

* 1958: Werner Heisenberg
* 1959: Bruno Walter
* 1960: Martin Buber
* 1961: Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
* 1962: Fritz Kortner
* 1963: Mies van der Rohe
* 1964: Anna Freud
* 1965: Carl Orff
* 1966: Emil Preetorius
* 1967: Adolf Butenandt
* 1968: Michelangelo Antonioni
* 1969: Gertrud von Le Fort
* 1970: Erich Kästner
* 1971: Wilhelm Hoegner
* 1972: Werner Egk
* 1973: Alexander Mitscherlich
* 1974: Toni Stadler junior [de]
* 1975: Willi Daume [de]
* 1976: Max Spindler [de]
* 1977: Heinz Rühmann
* 1978: Carlos Kleiber
* 1979: Karl Rahner
* 1980: Golo Mann
* 1981: Peter Lühr [de]
* 1982: Wolfgang Koeppen
* 1983: Wolfgang Sawallisch
* 1984: Josef Henselmann
* 1985: Maria Nicklisch
* 1986: Alexander Kluge
* 1987: Günter Bialas
* 1988: August Everding
* 1989: Rupprecht Geiger
* 1990: Konstanze Vernon
* 1991: Stefan Moses
* 1992: Edgar Reitz
* 1993: Dieter Dorn
* 1994: Hans Magnus Enzensberger
* 1995: Hans Werner Henze
* 1996: Ulrich Beck
* 1997: Joachim Kaiser
* 1998: Rachel Salamander [de]
* 1999: Rolf Boysen [de]
* 2000: Michael Krüger
* 2001: Anne-Sophie Mutter
* 2002: Doris Dörrie
* 2003: Peter Jonas
* 2004: Manfred Eicher
* 2005: Tankred Dorst und Ursula Ehler [de]
* 2006: Ernst Maria Lang [de]
* 2007: Vicco von Bülow (Loriot)
* 2008: Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
* 2009: Frank Baumbauer
* 2010: Dieter Hildebrandt
* 2011: Senta Berger
* 2012: Jürgen Habermas
* 2013: Uwe Timm
* 2014: Werner Herzog
* 2015: Herlinde Koelbl
* 2016: Klaus Doldinger
* 2017: Günter Rohrbach [de]
* 2018: Antje Kunstmann [de]
* 2019: Gerhard Polt
* 2020: Hanna Schygulla
* 2021: Ingvild Goetz [de]
* 2022: Julia Fischer
* 2023: Michael Brenner
* 2024: Lothar Schirmer [de]
# The Machine is Learning

The Machine is Learning is a book by Tanuj Solanki which was published on April 2, 2020, by Pan MacMillan.

## Critical reception

Sharanya Manivannan of GQ India wrote "The Machine is Learning is a timely reminder of the stark human cost of tech’s unstoppable march" and Percy Bharucha of Hindustan Times wrote "A novel whose characters are at the heart of the man-versus-machine debate".
The book has been also reviewed by Fehmida Zakeer of The Bangalore Review, Manik Sharma of Firstpost and Mihir Balantrapu of The Hindu.
The book was listed as one of the "Top 10 fiction books of 2020" by The Hindu. The book was longlisted for 2020 JCB Prize.
# Daiyan Henley

Daiyan Henley (born November 18, 1999) is an American professional football linebacker for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Nevada and Washington State.

## Early life

Henley was born on November 18, 1999, in Los Angeles, California. He later attended Crenshaw High School. He is the cousin of former NFL Los Angeles Rams player Darryl Henley.

## College career

Henley began his college career at Nevada, where he played wide receiver for his first two seasons. Henley caught 17 passes for 232 yards and three touchdowns before being moved to defense before the start of his junior season. He suffered a season-ending injury and used a medical redshirt on the year. Henley made 49 tackles as a redshirt junior. In 2021, he made 103 tackles with three tackles for loss and four interceptions and was named second team All-Mountain West Conference. Following the end of the season, Henley entered the NCAA transfer portal.
Henley ultimately transferred to the Washington State Cougars for his final season of NCAA eligibility over offers from USC, Kansas State, and Washington.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 0+7⁄8 in (1.85 m) | 225 lb (102 kg) | 33 in (0.84 m) | 9+1⁄2 in (0.24 m) | 4.54 s | 1.55 s | 2.67 s | 37.5 in (0.95 m) | 10 ft 5 in (3.18 m) | 19 reps |
| Sources: ||||||||||
Henley was drafted by the Los Angeles Chargers in the third round, 85th overall, of the 2023 NFL draft. As a rookie, he appeared in 15 games and made 16 total tackles (nine solo).
# Drexell R. Davis

Drexell R. Davis (July 19, 1921 – December 16, 2009) was a Democrat who held several elected offices in Kentucky. He was born in Shelby County, Kentucky.
For 100 years (1891–1992) the Kentucky Constitution did not allow any holder of statewide office to succeed themselves for a second consecutive term. As a result, a handful of Kentucky politicians became known as "musical chairs" officeholders because they would run for one statewide office and then another repeatedly. Thelma Stovall, Frances Jones Mills and Drex Davis were the best known musical chairs officeholders. The three often traded offices in given election years through the 1970s and 1980s.

## Clerk of the Court of Appeals

Davis began his career in statewide elective office by winning election as Clerk of the Kentucky Court of Appeals in 1963 on the Democratic ticket headed by Edward T. Breathitt. (Clerk of the Court of Appeals was a partisan elective office into the 1970s in Kentucky). Davis served as Clerk from 1964 to 1968. Davis ran for Kentucky State Treasurer in 1967, but lost.

## Treasurer and Secretary of State

Davis won election as Kentucky State Treasurer in 1971 on a ticket headed by Wendell H. Ford and served in that office 1972–1976. He then ran for Secretary of State in 1975 on a ticket headed by Julian Carroll and won, serving 1976–1980. Davis then ran for State Treasurer again in 1979 on a ticket headed by John Y. Brown, Jr. and won, serving 1980–1984. Davis' last elective office was Secretary of State of Kentucky, which he won in 1983 on a ticket headed by Martha Layne Collins, serving 1984–1988.

## Retirement

In 1991, Davis' son Drexell R. Davis Jr. ran for state treasurer but lost in a crowded Democratic primary to Frances Jones Mills who had held the office previously.
Davis died on December 16, 2009, in Frankfort, Kentucky.
# Split (Yeat song)

"Split" is a song by American rapper Yeat, released on February 24, 2023 as a track from his third studio album Afterlyfe (2023). It was produced by ChaseTheMoney, Synthetic, Aunix, and Noa Nalu.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Split" :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| Canadian Hot 100 (Billboard) | 97 |
| Latvia (LAIPA) | 20 |
| Lithuania (AGATA) | 43 |
| New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) | 23 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 79 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 28 |
# Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance

The House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance (FINA) is a standing committee of the House of Commons of Canada.

## Mandate

* pre-budget consultations
* briefing sessions by departmental officials on federal government programs
* examination of planned expenditures of the Department of Finance and the Canada Revenue Agency
* review of Monetary Policy Reports of the Governor of the Bank of Canada
* review of the Minister of Finance's Economic and Fiscal Update
* consideration of proposed finance legislation

## Membership

| Party | Member | Riding |
| Liberal | Wayne Easter, Chair | Malpeque, PEI |
| Bloc | Gabriel Ste-Marie, Vice Chair | Joliette, QC |
| Conservative | Pat Kelly, Vice Chair | Calgary Rocky Ridge, AB |
| Liberal | Julie Dzerowicz | Davenport, ON |
| Conservative | Ted Falk | Provencher, MB |
| Conservative | Ed Fast | Abbotsford, BC |
| Liberal | Peter Fragiskatos | London North Centre, ON |
| Liberal | Sean Fraser | Central Nova, NS |
| Conservative | Tamara Jansen | Cloverdale-Langley City, BC |
| New Democratic | Peter Julian | New Westminster-Burnaby, BC |
| Liberal | Annie Koutrakis | Vimy, QC |
| Liberal | Michael McLeod | Northwest Territories, NWT |

## Subcommittees

* Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure
# Leo Willis

Leo Willis (January 5, 1890 – April 10, 1952) was an American actor who began his career in the silent era. He played mainly tough guys and comic villains, notably opposite Harold Lloyd, Charley Chase, and Laurel and Hardy at the Hal Roach Studios.

## Early life and career

Born in Wapanucka, Oklahoma, Willis was the son of Joe Willis and Margurate Holdebery.
Regarding Willis's third film, the 1916 William S. Hart western The Return of Draw Egan, the Nashville Tennessean singled out as one of the film's principal "thrill[s]" a fight staged between the star and Willis, whom the paper dubs "one of Inceville's strongest men." Willis again figured prominently, this time alongside fellow villain Thomas Kurihara, in Hart's followup western, The Devil's Double.
The Philadelphia Inquirer, in its contemporaneous review of Harold Lloyd's 1927 comedy The Kid Brother, states that Walter James, Willis, and Olin Francis, in their respective portrayals of the hero's father and two older brothers, "create a new standard of character work in a feature-length comedy," a point echoed by New-York Tribune critic Harriette Underhill, who characterized the trio's work as "singularly earnest [and] without exaggeration for a work of this sort."
Beginning in 1927, the final decade of Willis's screen career featured appearances—mostly in minor roles—in 11 films alongside Laurel and Hardy, including a pair, Call of the Cuckoo and Flying Elephants, in which the two appeared together prior to becoming a full-fledged team, as well as his final role, in the 1936 Charlie Chase short, On the Wrong Trek, in which the famous team makes only a cameo appearance.

## Personal life and death

Willis was married to May Frances Hennessey from June 1914 until her death on September 17, 1926. They had two daughters.
On April 10, 1952, at age 62, Willis died in his sleep at his home in King City, California.

## Selected filmography

* The Italian (1915)
* Hell's Hinges (1915)
* The Return of Draw Egan (1916)
* The Devil's Double (1916)
* One Shot Ross (1917)
* Bull's Eye (1917)
* A Regular Fellow (1919)
* The Toll Gate (1920)
* The Rent Collector (1921)
* Three Word Brand (1921)
* The Timber Queen (1922)
* Broken Chains (1922)
* Wild Bill Hickok (1923)
* Near Dublin (1924)
* Jubilo, Jr. (1924)
* Short Kilts (1924)
* The White Sheep (1924)
* Isn't Life Terrible? (1925)
* A Hero of the Big Snows (1926)
* The Tough Guy (1926)
* The Kid Brother (1927)
* Call of the Cuckoo (1927)
* Flying Elephants (1928)
* Their Purple Moment (1928)
* The Hoose-Gow (1929)
* Below Zero (1930)
* Pardon Us (1931)
* The Kid from Spain (1932)
* The Live Ghost (1934)
* The Gold Ghost (1934)
* The Bohemian Girl (1936)
# Jannya brevitarsus

Jannya brevitarsus is a species of parasitoid wasp in the family Braconidae. It is known to occur in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Ecuador. It is the type species of its genus.
# Ruth Dwyer (actress)

Ruth Mildred Dwyer (January 25, 1898 – March 2, 1978) was an American film actress. She had a number of starring roles in the silent era, most famously as Buster Keaton's leading lady in Seven Chances (1925). Dwyer mostly retired in 1928 and played a number of uncredited roles in sound films, but retired from the film business completely in the 1940s.

## Early life and career

Dwyer was the eldest of two daughters born to Lydia Hope Strong and Christian A. Dwyer. Her sister Ethel Selina Dwyer also had a brief silent film career although best known as "Jane" opposite Ronald Adair in the 1921 Broadway production of Tarzan of the Apes. Dwyer initially acted in school productions in Brooklyn, after which she and her sister performed on stage. A "test for motion pictures" resulted in her going to Hollywood to pursue work in films.
Dwyer's entertainment career began with her working as a dancer in New York. Her performance in the chorus line in an off-Broadway production in 1919 led to her going to Hollywood. Her film debut came in the serial The Evil Eye.
After a marriage and divorce, Dwyer was married to actor and talent agent William Jackie until his death in 1954. They operated the Ruth Dwyer Agency in San Francisco, helping people obtain parts in films and television shows.
Dwyer died on March 2, 1978, at the Motion Picture Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California.

## Selected filmography

* The Evil Eye (1920)
* The Stealers (1920)
* Clay Dollars (1921)
* Second Hand Love (1923)
* His Mystery Girl (1923)
* After a Million (1924)
* Broadway or Bust (1924)
* Jack O'Clubs (1924)
* The Reckless Age (1924)
* Dark Stairways (1924)
* The Covered Trail (1924)
* Cornered (1924)
* The Gambling Fool (1925)
* Going the Limit (1925)
* Seven Chances (1925)
* The Fear Fighter (1925)
* Crack o' Dawn (1925)
* The Canvas Kisser (1925)
* White Fang (1925)
* The Patent Leather Pug (1926)
* Stepping Along (1926)
* The Brown Derby (1926)
* A Man of Quality (1926)
* A Hero for a Night (1927)
* The Lost Limited (1927)
* White Pants Willie (1927)
* The Racing Fool (1927)
* The Nest (1927)
* A Perfect Gentleman (1928)
* Sailors' Wives (1928)
* Alex the Great (1928)
# Manfred Bukofzer

Manfred Fritz Bukofzer (27 March 1910 – 7 December 1955) was a German-born American musicologist.

## Life and career

He studied at Heidelberg University and the Stern conservatory in Berlin, but left Germany in 1933 for Switzerland, where he obtained a doctorate from the University of Basel in 1936. In 1939 he moved to the United States where he remained, becoming a U.S. citizen. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley from 1941 until his premature death from multiple myeloma.
Bukofzer is best known as a historian of early music, particularly of the Baroque era. His book Music in the Baroque Era is still one of the standard reference works on the topic, although some modern historians assert that it has a Germanic bias – for example, in minimizing the importance of opera (Italian by origin) during the development of musical style in the 17th century.
In addition to Baroque music, he was a specialist in English music and music theory of the 14th through 16th centuries. His other scholarly interests included jazz and ethnomusicology. Furthermore, during his time at Berkeley, Bukofzer conducted several successful operas, including The Beggar's Opera, Dido and Aeneas, and Village Barber.
Among his influential students was Leonard Ratner. He was married to Ilse Kämmerer.

## Selected bibliography

* Bukofzer, Manfred (1936). "Über Leben und Werke von Dunstable" [On the Life and Works of Dunstable]. Acta Musicologica (in German). 8 (3/4): 102–119. doi:10.2307/932037. JSTOR 932037.
* Bukofzer, Manfred R. (1947). Music in the Baroque Era: From Monteverdi to Bach. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. OCLC 318558558.
* Bukofzer, Manfred R. (1950). Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393002416. OCLC 599423 – via Internet Archive.
* Bukofzer, Manfred (1954). "John Dunstable: A Quincentenary Report". The Musical Quarterly. 40 (1): 29–49. doi:10.1093/mq/XL.1.29. JSTOR 739701.
# By Divine Right (film)

By Divine Right is a lost 1924 American silent drama film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Mildred Harris, Anders Randolf and Elliott Dexter.

## Synopsis

Mildred a young stenographer takes shelter at a mission run by Austin Farrol after escaping from attempts to seduce her by her unscrupulous employer Trent.

## Cast

* Mildred Harris as Mildred
* Anders Randolf as Trent
* Elliott Dexter as Austin Farrol
* Sidney Bracey as The Hireling
* Jeanne Carpenter as Trent Baby
* Grace Carlyle as Mrs. Trent
* DeWitt Jennings as Tug Wilson
# Clyde Barfoot

Clyde Raymond Barfoot (July 8, 1891 – March 11, 1971), nicknamed "Foots", was an American baseball player. He played professional baseball as a right-handed pitcher 25 years from 1914 to 1938, including three seasons in Major League Baseball with the St. Louis Cardinals (1922–1923) and Detroit Tigers (1926).

## Early years

Barfoot was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1891.

## Professional baseball

Barfoot began his professional baseball career playing in the minor leagues for the Chattanooga Lookouts (1914), Galveston Pirates (1914–1917), San Antonio Bronchos (1917–1920), Newark Bears (1918), Columbus Senators (1918), New Orleans Pelicans (1920), and Houston Buffaloes (1921).
After compiling a 22–13 record with Houston in 1922, he got a shot at playing in the major leagues. He made his major league debut with the St. Louis Cardinals on April 13, 1922, at age 30. He appeared in 42 games for the 1922 St. Louis Cardinals team, 40 of those as a relief pitcher. He compiled a 4-5 win–loss record with a 4.21 earned run average (ERA). He led the National League in 1922 with six saves and 25 games finished. He continued with the Cardinals in 1923, compiling a 3–3 record with a 3.73 ERA in 31 relief appearances and two starts.
After his two years in the majors, Barfoot returned to the minors, playing for the Houston Buffaloes in 1924 and compiling a 19–12 record. In 1925, he moved to the Pacific Coast League where he compiled a career best 26–15 record with the Vernon Tigers.
In the winter before the 1926 season, the Detroit Tigers purchased Barfoot and Jack Warner for $40,000 and players. He appeared in 11 games for the Tigers in 1926, 10 as a relief pitcher, and compiled a 1–2 record and a 4.88 ERA. He appeared in his final major league game on May 24, 1926. He had a major league career record of 8–10 in 2501⁄3 innings, with an ERA of 4.10, five complete games, 55 games finished, 49 strikeouts, and 66 bases on balls.
Barfoot was 30 years old when he made his major league debut as a relief pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1920. A longtime star in the Texas League, Pacific Coast League (PCL), and Southern Association, he won 314 minor league games in a career that spanned 25 years.
Barfoot was an excellent hitter for a pitcher. In 1922, he had a .353 batting average, a .421 on-base percentage, and a .441 slugging percentage in 34 at bats. On October 9, 1926, Barfoot went 3-for-5 in a PCL game with three home runs and nine runs batted in. On October 15, 1925, Barfoot pitched 15 innings in a PCL victory over Los Angeles and hit two home runs to win the game, 6–5. Barfoot won 25 games in 1925.

## Later years

Barfoot died in 1971 in Highland Park, California, at age 79.