OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Huanglongtan Dam

The Huanglongtan Dam is a concrete gravity dam located on the Du River, a tributary of the Han River. It is located 25 km (16 mi) west of Shiyan in Hubei Province, China. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation but it also provides for flood control. It was constructed between 1969 and 1976 and support a 510 MW power station.

## Background

The Huanglongtan Dam and two other projects on the river (Songshuling and Pankou Dams) were surveyed in 1954 and final designs were prepared in 1964. Construction on Huanglongtan, the first of the projects to be implemented, began in April 1969. The original 85 MW generators were commissioned in 1974 and the dam was complete in 1976. The entire project was accepted by the state in 1978. In 1980, the dam experienced a 50-year flood with river flow peaking at 11,500 m$^3$/s (406,119 cu ft/s). The flood inundated the power station as the dam was not prepared for the inflow. This was due to mis-communication within the basin and a lack of a proper hydrological forecast system. In May 2003 the dam's power plant underwent an expansion which included the installation of two new 170 MW Francis turbines along with a new power house and water delivery system. The first of the two generators was operational at the end of 2004 and the project complete in 2005.

## Design

The concrete gravity dam is 107 m (351 ft) tall, 371 m (1,217 ft) long and has a structural volume of 980,000 m$^3$ (1,281,792 cu yd). The dam's crest is 20 m (66 ft) wide and sits at an elevation of 252 m (827 ft) above sea level. Sitting at the head of a 11,140 km$^2$ (4,301 sq mi) catchment area, the dam withholds a reservoir of 1,228,000,000 m$^3$ (995,556 acre⋅ft) of which 150,000,000 m$^3$ (121,607 acre⋅ft) is reserved for flood storage. Normal reservoir elevation is 247 m (810 ft). The dam's spillway consists of six 12 m (39 ft) high and 10 m (33 ft) wide sluice gates and has a maximum discharge capacity of 11,200 m$^3$/s (395,524 cu ft/s). The dam's original power station is located just downstream on the left bank of the river and contains 2 x 85 MW Francis turbine-generators. The expansion power plant is located 200 m (656 ft) away from the original and contains 2 x 170 MW Francis turbine-generators.
# Ab Barik, Khuzestan

Ab Barik (Persian: اب باريك, also Romanized as Āb Bārīk and Āb-e Bārīk; also known as Bārīkābād) is a village in Tolbozan Rural District, Golgir District, Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 70, in 14 families.
# Bamangram

Bamangram is a census town and gram panchayat in the Kaliachak I CD block in the Malda Sadar subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Bamangram is located at 24°53′47″N 88°05′53″E﻿ / ﻿24.896517°N 88.098165°E﻿ / 24.896517; 88.098165.
According to the map of Kaliachak CD block in the District Census Handbook, Maldah, 2011, Chhota Suzapur, Bara Suzapur, Chaspara, Nazirpur, Bamangram and Jalalpur form a cluster of census towns.

### Area overview

The area shown in the adjoining map is the physiographic sub-region known as the diara. It "is a relatively well drained flat land formed by the fluvial deposition of newer alluvium." The most note-worthy feature is the Farakka Barrage across the Ganges. The area is a part of the Malda Sadar subdivision, which is an overwhelmingly rural region, but the area shown in the map has pockets of urbanization with 17 census towns, concentrated mostly in the Kaliachak I CD block. The bank of the Ganges between Bhutni and Panchanandapur (both the places are marked on the map), is the area worst hit by left bank erosion, a major problem in the Malda area. The ruins of Gauda, capital of several empires, is located in this area.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bamangram had a total population of 13,550, of which 6,905 (51%) were males and 6,645 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 2,213. The total number of literate persons in Bamangram was 8,195 (72.29% of the population over 6 years).

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook, Maldah, 2011, Bamangram covered an area of 1.9015 km$^2$. It had 2 km roads with covered drains. The protected water-supply involved tap water from treated sources, uncovered well. It had 1,668 domestic electric connections. Among the educational facilities, it had 3 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school in town, the nearest senior secondary school at Sujapur 5 km away, the nearest general degree college at Malda 15 km away. It had 6 non-formal education centres (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan). It produced silk, beedi.

## Education

Bamongram HMAM High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1982. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 2,379 books, and 15 computers for teaching and learning purposes.
# Ramachandran Balasubramanian

Ramachandran Balasubramanian (born 15 March 1951) is an Indian mathematician and was Director of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Chennai, India. He is known for his work in number theory, which includes settling the final g(4) case of Waring's problem in 1986. He is also known for his work in Cryptography which includes his famous work with Koblitz, now commonly called the Balu-Koblitz Theorem. His work in Additive Combinatorics includes his two page paper on additive complements of squares, hence disproving a long standing conjecture of Erdős.
His works on moments of Riemann zeta function is highly appreciated and he was a plenary speaker from India at ICM in 2010. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1980-81.
He was a student of K. Ramachandra, a lifelong collaborator of Jean-Marc Deshouillers, and co-authored stellar mathematicians like Ram Murty, Kumar Murty, Heath-Brown, N. Koblitz and F. Luca. He was the founder and remains a member of the advisory board of the Hardy-Ramanujan Journal.

## Awards and honours

He has received the following awards:
* The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in 1990.
* The French government's Ordre National du Mérite for "furthering Indo-French cooperation in the field of mathematics" in 2003.
* The Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India, in 2006.
* Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, 2012.
* The Lifetime Achievement Award, 2013 awarded by Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister of India.
* Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (1988)
# Herbert Purves

Herbert Dudley Purves CMG (25 September 1908 – 15 April 1993) was a New Zealand academic, chemist, mathematician, medical researcher and scientist.

## Biography

He was educated at Hastings West Primary School and Napier Boys' High School. Purves' academic strengths showed early as he received prizes for Science in the third form, for Mathematics in the fourth form, and for Latin, Mathematics and Science in the lower 6th. He won the Isabella Siteman scholarship, which was awarded to the highest ranking Hawkes Bay student who did not make the Scholarship list. The scholarship required Purves to study science or medicine at the University of Otago. In 1926, he travelled to Dunedin to study physics, chemistry and mathematics. He majored in chemistry, earning a BSc in 1928 and an MSc with first-class honours in chemistry in 1931.
Purves' working life was spent in full-time medical research at the University of Otago Medical School in Dunedin. He began in 1932, as a research assistant to Sir Charles Hercus, then Professor of Bacteriology and Public Health.
Purves was later supported by funds from a Medical Research Council grant for research into thyroid problems, administered by a committee headed by Sir Charles Hercus. Hercus encouraged Purves to take the Medical course, which he did between 1935 and 1941 when he graduated MB/ChB. In 1941 Purves became Principal Research Officer and Director of the New Zealand Medical Research Council's Thyroid Research Department in Dunedin which later became the Endocrinology Research Unit. In 1968, the Unit became the Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology and Metabolism, and in 1971, the Neuroendocrinology Group. Purves played a leading role in the abolition of thyroid enlargement (goitre) which once disfigured nearly 20% of the population.
Purves' merits were recognised by his colleagues in Dunedin who made him President of the University of Otago Medical Research Society in 1955 and upon his retirement, a life member of the Society. The endocrinologists of New Zealand elected him President of the New Zealand Society of Endocrinology from 1963 to 1968, and his colleagues abroad conferred on him the title of Distinguished Thyroid Scientist at the seventh International Thyroid Conference in 1975.

## Honours and awards

In 1967, Purves was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians in 1970, and in 1972 he was conferred with an honorary DSc by the University of Otago.
In the 1974 Queen's Birthday Honours, Purves was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, for services to medicine. In 1987, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary celebration of the Medical Research Council the governor-general, Sir Paul Reeves, presented Purves with a special silver medal in recognition of his outstanding contribution to medical research.

## Death

He died on 15 April 1993, aged 84, after a long illness.

## Family

Purves married Daphne Helen Cowie in 1939. She survived him as did their two daughters and one son.
# Nepal Cycling Association

The Nepal Cycling Association is the national governing body of cycle racing in Nepal. The association is responsible for developing and promoting the sport of cycling in Nepal and the selection of players for international competitions.
The association organised the annual National MTB Downhill Competition and recently conducted the 19th National MTB Downhill Championship.

## Affiliated associations

There are currently 22 district associations affiliated with Nepal Cycling Association.
| S.N | Province | Affiliate District Association |
| 1 | Koshi Province | Morang District Cycling Association Sankhuwasabha District Cycling Association Sunsari District Cycling Association Okhadhunga District Cycling Association Udayapur District Cycling Association |
| 2 | Madhesh Province | |
| 3 | Bagmati Province | Dhading District Cycling Association Dolakha District Cycling Association Kathmandu District Cycling Association Kavrepalanchok District Cycling Association Makawanpur District Cycling Association Nuwakot District Cycling Association Rasuwa District Cycling Association Sindupalchowk District Cycling Association |
| 4 | Gandaki Province | Kaski District Cycling Association Manang District Cycling Association Mustang District Cycling Association Tanahu District Cycling Association Palpa District Cycling Association |
| 5 | Lumbini Province | Banke District Cycling Association Nawalparasi District Cycling Association Rupendehi District Cycling Association |
| 6 | Karnali Province | Surkhet District Cycling Association |
| 7 | Sudurpashchim Province | |

## Major events

* Kora Challenge Official Website
# Ghoreybeh

Ghoreybeh (Persian: غرايبه) is a village in, and the capital of, Hoseyni Rural District of the Central District of Shadegan County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 468 in 76 households. The following census in 2011 counted 440 people in 89 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 434 people in 128 households.
# Troglodyte

A troglodyte is a human cave dweller, from the Greek trogle 'hole, mouse-hole' and dyein 'go in, dive in'.
Troglodyte and derived forms may also refer to:

## Historiography

* Troglodytae or Troglodyti, an ancient group of people from the African Red Sea coast

## Science

* Homo troglodytes, an invalid taxon coined by Carl Linnaeus to refer to a legendary creature
* Pan troglodytes, the common chimpanzee
* Troglodytes (bird), a genus of small bird
* Troglodytes gorilla, an archaic synonym of the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)

## Arts and fiction
### Music

* Troglodyte (band), a metal band from Kansas City
* "Troglodyte (Cave Man)", a funk song by the Jimmy Castor Bunch on their 1972 album It's Just Begun
* The Troglodytes, a British band who became known as The Troggs
* "The Troglodyte Wins", a song by American rapper and producer Busdriver on his 2007 studio album RoadKillOvercoat
* "Troglodyte", a song by Swedish post-punk band Viagra Boys on their 2022 album Cave World

### Other media

* Caveman, a stock character based upon widespread concepts of the way in which early prehistoric humans may have looked and behaved
* Troglodyte, a 2009 film also known as Sea Beast
* Troglodyte (Dungeons & Dragons), a race of humanoid monsters in the game Dungeons & Dragons
* Troglodistes, a group of mole-men who live in the sewers of Paris in the film Delicatessen
* Troglodites, a fictional tribe described in Montesquieu's Persian Letters
* Troglodytes, Max Stones' lavamen workers who mine gold, in a segment from Sealab 2021
* Troglodytes, a 2010 book by Ed Lynskey
* Troglodytes, a fictional group of cave dwelling cannibals in the 2015 movie Bone Tomahawk
* Morlocks, a fictional species created by H. G. Wells for his 1895 novel, The Time Machine
# Talent

Talent has two principal meanings:
* Talent (measurement), an ancient unit of mass and value
* Aptitude or talent, a group of aptitudes useful for some activities; talents may refer to aptitudes themselves or to possessors of those talents
Talent may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Literature

* Talent (play), a 1978 play by Victoria Wood
* Talent, the first novel in The Talent Series by Zoey Dean

### Television

* Got Talent, a series of television shows, in several national versions
* Young Talent Time (1971-1989; 2012), an Australian television variety program on Network Ten

### Other arts, entertainment, and media

* Talent (artwork), a seminal work of art by David Robbins, 1986
* Talent (comics), a comic book series written by Christopher Golden and Tom Sngoski and drawn by Paul Azaceta, 2006
* Talent (group), a US R&B group from Kansas City, who formed in 1998
* Billy Talent, a Canadian rock group from Toronto, who formed in 1993
* Talents universe, a setting in Anne McCaffrey's science fiction, where Talents are members of the fictional psionic professions
* "Hidden Talent", an episode of Kim Possible's second season

## Other uses

* Attic talent, also known as the Athenian talent or Greek talent, an ancient unit of mass or value equal to this amount of pure silver
* Talent (horse), a racehorse
* Bombardier Talent, a type of multiple unit passenger train manufactured by Bombardier
* Talent, Oregon, a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States
* Jim Talent (born 1956), American politician, former Senator from Missouri
* Talent management, the management of human capital within an organisation
* People who work in entertainment or broadcasting, as in talent agent
* Talent scheduling, an optimization problem in computer science and operations research.
# 1933 All-Ireland Junior Final

The 1933 All-Ireland Junior Final was the 16th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Football Championship established by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. It was won by the Mayo county football team who defeated the Donegal county football team. This marked Donegal's first-ever appearance at Croke Park.
# Subhashgram

Subhashgram is a neighbourhood in the Rajpur Sonarpur of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).

## History

Subhasgram has a legacy of rich history starting from the early years of British rule in Bengal. Subhasgram, named in honour of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, was earlier known as Changripota. Modern day Subasgram encompasses the localities of Changripota, Kodalia, parts of Harinavi and Chanditala. Subhasgram has been the home of numerous personalities, engaged either in social reform movements during the period of Bengal Renaissance or the Independence movement. Subhasgram houses the ancestral home of Dwarkanath Vidyabhsan and is also the birth place of Ramnarayan Tarkaratna, Shivnath Sastri and M.N. Roy. The ancestral houses of Sarat Chandra Bose and Subhash Chandra Bose are at Kodalia. Both of them were members of the first 24 Parganas District Committee of the Congress Party, which was formed in 1921.

## Geography
### Area overview

Baruipur subdivision is a rural subdivision with moderate levels of urbanization. 31.05% of the population live in the urban areas and 68.95% live in the rural areas. In the northern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 10 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the northern part of the subdivision is a flat plain bordering the metropolis of Kolkata.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Subhashgram is located at 22°25′00″N 88°26′05″E﻿ / ﻿22.4168°N 88.4348°E﻿ / 22.4168; 88.4348. It has an average elevation of 9 metres (30 ft).

## Transport

Subhashgram is on the State Highway 1.
Subhashgram railway station is on the Sealdah–Namkhana line of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system.

### Commuters

With the electrification of the railways, suburban traffic has grown tremendously since the 1960s. As of 2005-06, more than 1.7 million (17 lakhs) commuters use the Kolkata Suburban Railway system daily. After the partition of India, refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan and Bangladesh had a strong impact on the development of urban areas in the periphery of Kolkata. The new immigrants depended on Kolkata for their livelihood, thus increasing the number of commuters. Eastern Railway runs 1,272 EMU trains daily.

## Education

Subhashgram Nabatara Vidyalaya Up High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational school. It was established in 1986 and has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII.

## Healthcare

Sonarpur Rural Hospital, with 25 beds, at Rajpur Sonarpur, is the major government medical facility in the Sonarpur CD block.

## Notable People

* Subhas Chandra Bose
* Janakinath Bose
* Sarat Chandra Bose
* Sivanath Shastri
# Sultanganj, Malda

Sultanganj is a village in the Kaliachak I CD block in the Malda Sadar subdivision of Malda district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Sultanganj is located at 25°51′17″N 88°00′02″E﻿ / ﻿25.854806°N 88.000565°E﻿ / 25.854806; 88.000565.

### Area overview

The area shown in the adjoining map is the physiographic sub-region known as the diara. It "is a relatively well drained flat land formed by the fluvial deposition of newer alluvium." The most note-worthy feature is the Farakka Barrage across the Ganges. The area is a part of the Malda Sadar subdivision, which is an overwhelmingly rural region, but the area shown in the map has pockets of urbanization with 17 census towns, concentrated mostly in the Kaliachak I CD block. The bank of the Ganges between Bhutni and Panchanandapur (both the places are marked on the map), is the area worst hit by left bank erosion, a major problem in the Malda area. The ruins of Gauda, capital of several empires, is located in this area.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Sultanganj had a total population of 21,149, of which 10,639 (50%) were males and 10,513 (50%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 3,932. The total number of literate persons in Sultanganj was 17,217 (51.50% of the population over 6 years).

## Education

Kaliachak College was established at Sultanganj in 1995. Affiliated with the University of Gour Banga, it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Arabic, education, history, political science, geography, zoology, economics, philosophy, general courses in arts and science, and a basic course in computer education.
Sultanganj Asylum for Mentally Retarded Persons was established in 2006. It is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class IV.
Mazhar-Ul-Ulum High Madrasa is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1970. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 797 books, and 11 computers for teaching and learning purposes.
# Usthi

Usthi is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Usthi police station in the Magrahat I CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

Diamond Harbour subdivision is a rural subdivision with patches of urbanization. Only 14.61% of the population lives in the urban areas and an overwhelming 85.39% lives in the rural areas. In the eastern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 24 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the eastern part of the district is a flat plain area with small towns, many in clusters. Location of places in the larger map varies a little. It is an OpenStreetMap, while we are using coordinates as in Google Maps.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Usthi is located at 22°14′15″N 88°16′21″E﻿ / ﻿22.2375°N 88.2724°E﻿ / 22.2375; 88.2724.
Usthi, Ghola Noapara, Barijpur and Uttar Kusum form a cluster of census towns in the Magrahat I CD block. Uttar Bishnupur, Kalikapota and Bamna are a little away from this cluster. This is as per the map of the Magrahat I CD block on page 445 in the District Census Handbook for South 24 Parganas.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Usthi had a total population of 6,230, of which 3,173 (51%) were males and 3,057 (49%) were females. There were 839 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Usthi was 4,483 (83.167% of the population over 6 years).

## Civic administration
### Police station

Usthi police station has jurisdiction over the Magrahat I CD block.

### CD block HQ

The headquarters of the Magrahat I CD block are located at Usthi.

## Infrastructure

According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Usthi covered an area of 1.2378 km$^2$. Among the civic amenities, it had 527 domestic electric connections. Among the educational facilities it had was 1 primary school, 1 middle school, 1 senior secondary school.

## Transport

Usthi-Sirakol Road links Usthi to the National Highway 12/ Diamond Harbour Road.

## Education

Usthi KCPM Institution is a Bengali-medium coeducational higher secondary school established in 1924. It has arrangements for teaching from class V to class XII.
Shirakole Mahavidyalaya at Sirakol is located nearby.

## Healthcare

Baneswarpur Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, at Baneswarpur is the major government medical facility in the Magrahat I CD block.