OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Red-crested cotinga

The red-crested cotinga (Ampelion rubrocristatus) is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae that can be found in Columbia, Sierra de Perija, and Andes from Venezuela, and Colombia to Bolivia. An adult red-crested cotinga is gray with a white tail a white bill base and a tuft of red feathers. The red-crested Cotinga can be found in a cloud forest on a treeline and pairs in small groups. The main diet consists of fruits and sometimes insects. The species is not threatened globally and is fairly common in its native regions.

## Description

A male red-crested cotinga averages around the size 21-21.5 cm; males 51-80g and females vary around 47-67g. A Plain cotinga with long crests usually lay flat along a nape; they can be conspicuously displayed raised and spread transversely. The red-crested cotinga plumage is gray, darker on the head, wings, and tail, nuchal crest chestnut-maroon, white streaking in tail-coverts above and below extending degrees across the rump. Red-crested cotinga has extensive pale feather fringes and a brownish-red coloration on the head and neck. Immature red-crested cotinga with lighter coloring than an adult, pale feather fringes, scattered red color primarily on head and neck, and undergoes a series of successions before acquiring adult plumage.

## Subspecies and Distribution

The red-crested cotinga belongs to the subspecies monotypic, a genre that only includes one species. They are natives of N Columbia, Sierra de Perija, Andes from W Venezuela, and Columbia S to Bolivia. The red-crested cotinga is a non-migratory species.

## Habitat

The red-crested cotinga is found on the wedges of cloud forest, inhabits patches of trees and bushes, and is locally found in hedgerows with trees bordering agricultural land. The habitat type of the red-crested cotinga is forest, artificial, and a terrestrial system.

## Movement

The red-crested cotinga is known for its distinctive movement patterns, characterized by quick, direct flights through the canopy of montane forests. These birds are often seen in small groups, moving agilely between branches in search of fruits, insects, and other small prey, showcasing their aerial dexterity.

## Diet and Sound

The red-crested cotinga’s diet consists of fruits and occasionally insects. They catch their food from a perched position and then fly out to catch the insects either individually or in small groups of up to 6. The sound of red-crested cotinga is a guttural frog-like noise (rrrr) or a series of soft nasal (eh- eh- eh).

## Breeding

There is no clearly defined breeding season. The Red-crested Cotinga will rise and spread crest lifts, tails, and bows during courtship. Their nest is made up of large cups of mosses, lichens, and twigs.

## Conservation Status

The Red-crested Cotinga is not threatened globally and it’s fairly common. Their tolerance range is very wide and they have a variety of disturbed habitats to ensure that they survive. Their protected areas range from Sierra Nevada National Park (Venezuela), Munchique National Park(Colombia), to Podocarpus National Park (Ecuador).
# Red-eared parrotfinch

The red-eared parrotfinch (Erythrura coloria) is a species of estrildid finch endemic to Mindanao in the Philippines. It's known for its striking plumage of a green body, a blue face and the eponymous red-ear. It is found in tropical montane forest above 1,000 meters above sea level.

## Description and taxonomy

EBird describes the bird as "A small bird of montane forest and scrub on Mindanao. Usually forages on the ground for seeds. Overall green with a bright red rump and uppertail and a blue face with a prominent red crescent curving around from behind the eye to the side of the throat. Note the pale legs and the thick black bill. Female is similar to the male, but with less blue and red on the head. Voice includes a short, high-pitched tinkling trill."
The red-eared parrotfinch is probably present on every mountain in central Mindanao. It is a very unobtrusive and secretive bird. And its high-pitched call is easily overlooked. Its voice, however, is not uncommon at Kitanglad.

## Ecology and behavior

Unlike the green-faced parrotfinch (E. viridifacies), it does not appear to be strongly dependent on bamboo, and is therefore less irruptive, unpredictable and vulnerable than that species. Diet consists of seeds of grasses, thistles, opium and flax. Also feeds on fruits and small insects. This species has recorded feeding on the non-native coffee berries. Forages low and close to the ground. Forages alone or in small groups.
Not much published data on wild breeding behaviour. Breeding season is believed to be from January to April. Nest is made of mosses. Based on birds in captivity, clutch size is 1 to 3 eggs and takes 14 days to incubate, nestling period is 21 to 23 days and an additional feeding period of 14 days. Adult plummages is reached in 3 to 4 months.

## Habitat and conservation status

The species inhabits forest understorey and edge, second growth and grassy clearings at altitude over 1,000m. The IUCN has classified as Least Concern but was formerly listed as near threatened. Despite its limited range, it is said to be locally common. As it occurs in rugged and inaccessible mountains, this has allowed a large portion of its habitat to remain intact. However, there it is still affected by habitat loss through deforestation, mining, land conversion and slash-and-burn - just not to the same extent as lowland forest.
This species is kept in captivity and bred for aviculture.
# John Rox

John Jefferson Rox (1907–1957) was an American composer and lyricist. He was born in 1907 in Des Moines, Iowa.
He wrote music for Broadway shows and the recording industry. His song It's a Big Wide Wonderful World (1939) was used in the soundtrack of multiple films. His holiday tune I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas (1953) was a popular family entertainment song, originally sung by 10-year old Gayla Peevey. Many other artists also covered it. In 1948, he married actress Alice Pearce. Pearce was Gladys Kravitz in the 1960s television situation comedy Bewitched.

## Career

The first song that he authored and copyrighted was Weep No More, Willow in 1938. The following year, he wrote and copyrighted It's a Big Wide Wonderful World (1939). It has been used in the soundtrack of several different films over the span of over 50 years.
The song premiered in All in Fun (1940) on Broadway, of which he was the lyricist for the show. Walter Cassel and Wynn Murray introduced the song. The show had opened at the Majestic Theater on Broadway and featured Imogene Coco as a cast member.
Major Motion Picture Films with
It's a Big Wide Wonderful World
in the soundtrack:
| Film Title | Year |
| An Angel Comes to Brooklyn | 1945 |
| Rhythm Inn | 1951 |
| 3 Ring Circus | 1954 |
| Sweet Bird of Youth | 1962 |
| A Safe Place | 1971 |
| Rancho Deluxe | 1975 |
| Avalon | 1990 |
| Rover Dangerfield | 1991 |
In 1946, he wrote the song Ridin' Double for the soundtrack of the 1946 film Sioux City Sue starring Gene Autry.
He later wrote I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas (1953) with Gayla Peevey singing the original version. It was a popular song with 39 artists singing the cover for it. That same year, he was one of several songwriters and lyricists for the Broadway show John Murray Anderson's Almanac (1953). The following year, he and fellow songwriter and lyricist from the show, Michael Grace, wrote the song Let a Little Time Go By (1954).
In 1956, he and Dean Fuller wrote the music for New Faces of 1956, which premiered at the Ethel Barrymore Theater on Broadway with Maggie Smith and Jane Connell as a cast members.
Broadway Shows :
| Title | Year | Role |
| All in Fun | 1940 | Composer and Lyricist |
| John Murray Anderson's Almanac | 1953 | Composer and Lyricist |
| New Faces of 1956 | 1956 | Composer |
# Boyko Rashkov

Boyko Iliev Rashkov (Bulgarian: Бойко Илиев Рашков, born 28 September 1954 in Ognyanovo, Garmen Municipality) is a Bulgarian lawyer, state official and politician, deputy to the National Assembly in 2021, Deputy Prime Minister for Public Order and Security. He was Minister of the Interior in the first and second Stefan Yanev government and in the Kiril Petkov government.

## Curriculum vitae

In 1979, he graduated in law from the Sofia University. Later, he became a lecturer and associate professor at the University of National and World Economy, in 2016 he took over the department of criminal law. From 1981 to 1992 he was an investigator in the regional investigative service in Sofia, from 1995 to 2001 he headed the State Investigation Service (NSS) at the national level as deputy prosecutor general. In the years 2001–2005, he was a member of the National Assembly of the 39th term from the list of the Coalition for Bulgaria. From January 2008 to May 2009, he was deputy minister of justice, and returned to work at the NSS as department director. From 2013 to 2018, he was the director of the state office responsible for controlling the use of special measures in investigations (NBKSRS).
In May 2021, he was appointed to the offices of the deputy prime minister for public order and security and the minister of internal affairs in the transitional administration of Stefan Yanev. He remained in these positions in the second technical government of the same prime minister, created in September 2021. In December 2021, he left the position of deputy prime minister. In the government that was established at that time, Kiril Petkov maintained the position of Minister of the Interior (on the recommendation of the group We Continue the Change).
# Narottam Mishra

Dr. Narottam Mishra (born 15 April 1960) is the former Minister for Home Affairs, Law and Legislative Affairs, Prisons, and Parliamentary Affairs in Government of Madhya Pradesh.
He is a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and represents Datia constituency in Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, from where he has been elected thrice consecutively, having also previously represented Dabra thrice. He lost 2023 assembly election against congress candidate Bharti Rajendra on 3rd December 2023.

## Early life

He holds an M.A., and Ph.D. from Jiwaji University, Gwalior in 1998. He was Secretary of Jiwaji University Gwalior's students union in year 1977-78 and member of State Executive Body of MP Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha in 1978–80.

## Political career

Dr. Narottam Mishra is serving as the Minister for Home Affairs, Law, Prisons, and Parliamentary Affairs. He is a six-time member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He was first elected to 9th Vidhan Sabha in 1990 and was re-elected in 1998 and 2003 from Dabra assembly constituency of Gwalior district, and in 2008, 2013 and 2018 from Datia assembly constituency.
Dr. Narottam Mishra has been a Minister from 2005-2008, 2009-2018 and 2020-present.
He was inducted into Shri Babulal Gaur's Council of Ministers on 1 June 2005 as a Minister of State.
Dr. Mishra was inducted in Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan's Council of Ministers on 4 December 2005 as Minister of State, and was later made a Cabinet Minister.
While being a Member of the Legislative Assembly, he contested the Lok Sabha election in 2009 but lost to Jyotiraditya Scindia. Soon after, he was re-inducted into Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan's Council of Ministers on 28 October 2009 as Cabinet Minister. He again took oath as Cabinet Minister on 21 December 2013. He has served as Cabinet Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Urban Development, Public Relations, Water Resources, Law and Legislative Affairs, and Parliamentary Affairs, across his various terms.
He was disqualified by the EC on 23 June 2017 for filing wrong accounts of election expenditure in the 2008 Assembly polls and for using paid news in his election campaign and for not furnishing proper accounts of poll expenses. Mishra moved to Supreme court for relief. Vide its judgement dated 18 May 2018, the Delhi High Court set aside the order of the Election Commission, while also noting that "in the facts and circumstances of the case; there was no manner of proof that could be reasonably accepted by a tribunal established by law."
He took Oath on 20 April 2020 as the Minister for Home Affairs, and Health and Family Welfare, Government of Madhya Pradesh. Subsequent to a cabinet reshuffle, he was appointed the Minister for Law and Legislative Affairs, Prisons, and Parliamentary Affairs, while continuing to retain the Ministry for Home Affairs.
Commenting on a riot on 10 April 2022 and the state's response with bulldozers the following day, he advised: "The house from where stones came, will be made into a pile of stones."
# Jamal Dar

Jamal Dar (died 1982) was a Pakistani politician and general who served as a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from 1972 to 1977.

## Biography

Dar was born into Orakzai tribe of Tirah. Before joining politics, he served in Pakistan Army and retired as a major general.
In 1972, he was appointed as a minister of state. From 1981 to 1982, he was the Minister of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Affairs.
# Paolo Zacchia the Elder

Paolo Zacchia il Vecchio, Zacchia the elder, or Zacchia di Antonio da Vezzano (1490 – 1561) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. He was born in Vezzano Ligure and active in Lucca from around 1520 to 1530. He probably trained in Florence, his works show influences of Domenico Ghirlandaio and Fra Bartolomeo. His son Lorenzo di Ferro Zacchia or Zacchia il Giovane was also a painter and engraver active in Lucca, though of little distinction.
# Fortune Theatre

The Fortune Theatre is a 432-seat West End theatre on Russell Street, near Covent Garden, in the City of Westminster. From 1989 until 2023 the theatre hosted the long running play The Woman in Black.

## History

The site was acquired by author, playwright and impresario Laurence Cowen, and had previously been the location of the old Albion Tavern, a public house that was frequented by Georgian and Victorian actors. The theatre is situated next to Crown Court Church, and dwarfed by the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on the opposite side of the road.
Cowen commissioned architect Ernest Schaufelberg to design the theatre in an Italianate style. Constructed from 1922 to 1924, it was the first theatre to be built in London after the end of the First World War. One of the first buildings in London to experiment with concrete, its façade is principally made of bush hammered concrete, with brick piers supporting the roof. Since the demolition of the original Wembley Stadium, the theatre is now the oldest remaining public building designed wholly using concrete as a textured and exposed façade. The theatre's famous figurine, Terpsichore (perched high above the entrance) was sculpted by M. H. Crichton of the Bromsgrove Guild, a noted company of artisans from Worcestershire. The theatre is entered through bronze double doors, and internally there is a foyer of grey and red marble, with a beaten copper ticket booth.
With 432 seats in the auditorium, it is believed to be the second smallest West End theatre. It was refurbished in 1960, and Grade II listed by English Heritage in May 1994.

## Productions

The theatre opened, as the Fortune Thriller Theatre on 8 August 1924, with Sinners by Lawrence Cowen. During the Second World War, the theatre hosted performances by ENSA, entertainers drawn from the armed forces. Since the war, the theatre has been a receiving house, with actors such as Dame Judi Dench, Dirk Bogarde and Maureen Lipman appearing. The Fortune also hosted shows from Flanders and Swann and Beyond the Fringe. Nunsense played at the theatre in 1987.
From 1989 until 2023 the theatre hosted the long running play The Woman in Black, which was adapted by Stephen Mallatratt from the book of the same name by Susan Hill. A celebration was held in 2001 to mark the 5,000th performance. On 9 November 2022 it was announced that the show would close at the Fortune theatre, with the final performance taking place on 4 March 2023.
From 9 to 13 September 2008, the show was performed in Japanese by Takaya Kamikaya and Haruhito Saito, in celebration of the 150th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the UK and Japan.
The theatre was also used to record the Lily Savage video "Paying the Rent" in 1993, which was later broadcast by Channel 4 in the UK in 1996.
On 29 March 2023, a new production opened at the Fortune Theatre for the first time since 1989: Operation Mincemeat.
# Scale-feathered malkoha

The scale-feathered malkoha (Dasylophus cumingi) is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is a spectacular looking bird with its white hood, red eyes and yellowish bill with a line of scaled feathers down from the bill and up over the crown, contrasted with rufous neck and back and a black lower body and tail. It is endemic to the Philippines found only in the islands of Luzon, Catanduanes and Marinduque. The species was named after the collector Hugh Cuming.

## Description and taxonomy

Large, with unique plastic-like feathers on head and throat, sexes alike. And whole head grey, almost white on the throat with feather on top of head and Down center of throat to upper breast tipped with black scale-like feathers; upper back forming a continuous bend with chestnut on lower breast; back, wings, and graduated white-tipped tail glossy black on lower belly and under tail coverts.
This species is monotypic.

## Ecology and behavior

It feeds on insects, especially favouring caterpillars and small mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Forages in the lower levels and likes climbing vines and tangles. Usually observed alone or in small groups but also joins mixed species flocks. Not much information on breeding data but believed to breed from March to May based on the enlarged gonads of collected specimens during this time period.

## Habitat and conservation status

Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forest and tropical moist montane forest up to 2,000 meters above sea level although this species seems to be most common in the lower and middle levels of 300 to 760 meters above sea level. The IUCN has classified the species as being of Least Concern where it is said to be locally common. However, the population is believed to be declining due to deforestation from land conversion, Illegal logging and slash-and-burn farming.
It is found in multiple protected areas such as Mount Banahaw, Mount Makiling, Mount Isarog, Bataan National Park and Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park but like all areas in the Philippines, protection is lax and deforestation and hunting continues despite this protection on paper.
# Downwardly Mobile

Downwardly Mobile is a British television sitcom series produced by Portman Productions in association with Yorkshire Television. It aired on ITV from 21 July to 1 September 1994. Starring Frances de la Tour, Philip Jackson, Stephen Tompkinson and Josie Lawrence, it was written by Alistair Beaton and Barry Pilton and directed by Martin Dennis.

## Cast

* Frances de la Tour as Rosemary
* Philip Jackson as Clem
* Stephen Tompkinson as Mark
* Josie Lawrence as Sophie

## Episodes

* "Another Black Wednesday" (21 July 1994)
* "Just a Few Essentials" (28 July 1994)
* "Underarm Combat" (4 August 1994)
* "Out of Their Depth" (11 August 1994)
* "A Slow Buck" (18 August 1994)
* "Troubles with My Aunt" (25 August 1994)
* "Grapefruit and Roses" (1 September 1994)
# Kussmaul breathing

Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure. It is a form of hyperventilation, which is any breathing pattern that reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration.
In metabolic acidosis, breathing is first rapid and shallow but as acidosis worsens, breathing gradually becomes deep, labored and gasping. It is this latter type of breathing pattern that is referred to as Kussmaul breathing.

## Terminology

Adolf Kussmaul referred to breathing when metabolic acidosis was sufficiently severe for the respiratory rate to be normal or reduced. This definition is also followed by several other sources, including for instance Merriam-Webster, which defines Kussmaul breathing as "abnormally slow deep respiration characteristic of air hunger and occurring especially in acidotic states". Other sources, however, use the term Kussmaul respiration also when acidosis is less severe, in which case breathing is rapid.
Kussmaul breathing occurs only in advanced stages of acidosis, and is not commonly seen. Rapid, shallow breathing may be observed in less severe cases but Kussmaul breathing is a characteristic deep, gasping - even desperate - manner of respiratory distress.

## History

Kussmaul breathing is named for Adolf Kussmaul, the 19th century German physician who first noted it among patients with advanced diabetes mellitus.

## Mechanism

Kussmaul breathing is respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis, most commonly occurring in diabetics in diabetic ketoacidosis. Blood gases of a patient with Kussmaul breathing will show a low partial pressure of CO$_2$ in conjunction with low bicarbonate because of a forced increased respiration (blowing off the carbon dioxide). Base excess is severely negative. The patient feels an urge to breathe deeply, an "air hunger", and it appears almost involuntary.
A metabolic acidosis soon produces hyperventilation, but at first it will tend to be rapid and relatively shallow. Kussmaul breathing develops as the acidosis grows more severe. Indeed, Kussmaul originally identified this type of breathing as a sign of coma and imminent death in diabetic patients.
Duration of fasting, presence or absence of liver enlargement and Kussmaul breathing provide clues to the differential diagnosis of high blood sugar in the inborn errors of metabolism.
# Mohamed Shah Alam

Mohamed Shah Alam (1 July 1962 – 29 May 1990) was a Bangladeshi sprinter. He was born in Shahebnagar village located in Gangni upazila of Meherpur district in a family of seven brothers and three sisters. His father Kabir Hossain was a footballer but none of his siblings pursued any sport. According to a report published on sports magazine Krira Jagat in 1990, Shah Alam joined Bangladesh Army as a Sepahi in 1977 and started participating in inter-unit competitions where he gained instant success. In the 100-metres sprint event, he won gold twice in 1985 South Asian Games in Dhaka and in 1987 South Asian Games in Kolkata. Alam competed in the men's 200 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
Less than a year after competing in the 1990 Commonwealth Games, Alam was killed in a motorcycle crash.