# Ben Burtt

Benjamin Burtt Jr. (born July 12, 1948) is an American sound designer, film director, film editor, screenwriter, and voice actor. As a sound designer, his credits include the Star Wars and Indiana Jones film series, Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), WALL-E (2008), and Star Trek (2009).
Burtt is notable for popularizing the Wilhelm scream in-joke and creating many of the iconic sound effects heard in the Star Wars film franchise, including the 'voice' of R2-D2, the lightsaber hum, the sound of the blaster guns, the heavy-breathing sound of Darth Vader and creating the Ewoks’ language, Ewokese. Burtt was also the sound editor for WALL-E and performed the vocalizations of the titular character as well as other robots in the film.
Burtt has won four Academy Awards, two of which are Special Achievement Academy Awards. He has also directed numerous documentary films for IMAX and most notably the television series Young Indiana Jones on the episode "Attack of the Hawkmen." He also served as the editor on multiple episodes of the show and the Star Wars prequel trilogy.

## Early life

Burtt was born in Jamesville, New York, on July 12, 1948. The son of a chemistry professor and a child psychologist, Burtt made films as a child, and later studied physics at Allegheny College, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1970.

## Career
### Early career

Burtt made films during his time in college, and in 1970 won a National Student Film Festival for his war film entitled Yankee Squadron, reputedly after following exposure to classic aviation drama. He had previously made an amateur film at the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome, a living aviation museum in Red Hook, New York, under guidance from its founder, Cole Palen.
For his work on the special-effects film Genesis, Burtt won a scholarship to the University of Southern California, where he earned a master's degree in film production.

### Sound designer

Burtt pioneered many aspects of modern sound design, especially in the science-fiction and fantasy-film genres. Before his work in the first Star Wars (now known as Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope) in 1977, science-fiction films tended to use electronic-sounding effects for futuristic devices. Burtt sought a more natural sound, blending in "found sounds" to create the effects. The lightsaber hum, for instance, was derived from a film projector idling combined with feedback from a broken television set, and the blaster effect started with the sound acquired from hitting a guy-wire on a radio tower with a hammer.
In the Star Wars series, part of R2-D2's beeps and whistles are Burtt's vocalizations, also made using an ARP 2600 synthesizer, as are some of the squawks made by the tiny holographic monsters on the Millennium Falcon spacecraft. In Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005), Burtt's provided the voice for Lushros Dofine, captain of the Invisible Hand cruiser. The heavy breathing of Darth Vader was created by recording Burtt's own breathing in an old Dacor scuba regulator.
Burtt used the voice of an elderly lady that he had met in a photography shop for the voice of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The woman's low pitch was the result of very heavy smoking, specifically Kool cigarettes. Burtt created the "voice" of the title character and many other robots in Pixar's film WALL-E (2008), about a lonely garbage-compacting robot. Additionally, Burtt is responsible for the sound effects in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008).
Burtt has a reputation for including a sound effect dubbed "the Wilhelm scream" in many of the movies he has worked on. Taken from a character named "Wilhelm" in the film The Charge at Feather River, the sound can be heard in a large number of films, including in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope when a stormtrooper falls into a chasm and in Raiders of the Lost Ark when a Nazi soldier falls off the back of a moving car.
One of Burtt's more subtle sound effects is the "audio black hole." In Attack of the Clones, Burtt's use of the audio black hole involved the insertion of a short interval of absolute silence in the audio track, just prior to the detonation of "seismic charges" fired at the escaping Jedi spaceship. The effect of this short (less than one second) of silence is to accentuate the resulting explosion in the mind of the listener. Burtt has recalled the source of this idea as follows: "I think back to where that idea might have come to me...I remember in film school a talk I had with an old retired sound editor who said they used to leave a few frames of silence in the track just before a big explosion. In those days they would 'paint' out the optical sound with ink. Then I thought of the airlock entry sequence in 2001. I guess the seeds were there for me to nourish when it came to the seismic charges."
Burtt was among the golden ears that critically reviewed the various audio compression systems that were proposed for the ATSC 1.0 digital television system.
A tongue-in-cheek homage to Burtt appears in the 1997 Activision PC game Zork: Grand Inquisitor - the spell 'Beburtt', which 'creates the illusion of inclement weather', plays dramatic thunderclap and rainfall sounds when cast.

### Director, editor, and writer

Burtt has directed several IMAX documentary films, including Blue Planet, Destiny in Space, and the Oscar-nominated Special Effects: Anything Can Happen. He edited the entire Star Wars prequel trilogy, and several episodes of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. Burtt also wrote several episodes of the 1980s Star Wars cartoon Droids.

### Cameo appearances

Burtt makes a cameo appearance in two of the Star Wars films as an extra. In Return of the Jedi, he appeared as Colonel Dyer, the Imperial officer who yells "Freeze!" before Han Solo knocks him off a balcony. The scream as Burtt falls is his own imitation of the Wilhelm scream that he popularized. In Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Burtt appears in the background of the scene where Palpatine arrives on Naboo; his character is named Ebenn Q3 Baobab, a reference to a Droids character.

## Filmography
### Film

| Title | Year | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Notes |
| Title | Year | Director | Writer | Editor | Sound designer | Other | Notes |
| Death Race 2000 | 1975 | | | | Yes | | Uncredited |
| The Milpitas Monster | 1976 | | | | | Yes | Special effects artist |
| Star Wars | 1977 | | | | Yes | Yes | 1997 & 2004 versions Special dialogue and sound effects |
| Invasion of the Body Snatchers | 1978 | | | | | Yes | Special sound effects creator |
| More American Graffiti | 1979 | | | | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor |
| The Empire Strikes Back | 1980 | | | | Yes | Yes | 1997 & 2004 versions Supervising sound editor |
| Raiders of the Lost Ark | 1981 | | | | Yes | | |
| E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial | 1982 | | | | | Yes | E.T. voice designer |
| The Dark Crystal | 1982 | | | | | Yes | Special sound effects creator |
| Return of the Jedi | 1983 | | | | Yes | | Appeared as Commander Dyer and voice of Tortured Power Droid |
| Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom | 1984 | | | | Yes | Yes | |
| The Adventures of André and Wally B. | 1984 | | | | Yes | | Short film |
| The Dream Is Alive | 1985 | | | | | Yes | Short film Supervising sound designer |
| Howard the Duck | 1986 | | | | | Yes | Sound effects editor |
| Nutcracker: The Motion Picture | 1986 | | | | Yes | | |
| Niagara: Miracles, Myths and Magic | 1986 | | Yes | Yes | Yes | | Short film |
| Willow | 1988 | | | | Yes | | |
| Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | 1989 | | | | Yes | | |
| Always | 1989 | | | | Yes | | |
| Blue Planet | 1990 | Yes | | | Yes | | |
| The True Story of Glory Continues | 1990 | Yes | | Yes | Yes | | |
| The American Gangster | 1992 | Yes | | | | | |
| Destiny in Space | 1994 | Yes | | | | | Co-director |
| Special Effects: Anything Can Happen | 1996 | Yes | Yes | Yes | | | |
| Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace | 1999 | | | Yes | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor Appeared as Naboo Courier |
| Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones | 2002 | | | Yes | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor |
| Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith | 2005 | | | Yes | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor Provided voice for Lushros Dofine |
| Munich | 2005 | | | | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor |
| Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | 2008 | | | | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor |
| WALL-E | 2008 | | | | Yes | Yes | Provided voice for WALL-E / M-O / Robots Supervising sound editor |
| BURN-E | 2008 | | | | Yes | Yes | Short film Provided voice for WALL-E |
| Up | 2009 | | | | | Yes | Uncredited Special sound effects recordist |
| Star Trek | 2009 | | | | Yes | Yes | Sound editor |
| Super 8 | 2011 | | | | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor |
| Red Tails | 2012 | | | Yes | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor |
| John Carter | 2012 | | | | | Yes | Sound consultation |
| Lincoln | 2012 | | | | Yes | | |
| Star Trek Into Darkness | 2013 | | | | Yes | Yes | Supervising sound editor |
| Escape from Planet Earth | 2013 | | | | | Yes | Additional sound design |
| The Signal | 2014 | | | | Yes | | |
| Star Wars: The Force Awakens | 2015 | | | | Yes | | |
| Making Waves: The Art of Cinematic Sound | 2019 | | | | | Yes | As himself |

### Television

| Title | Year | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Notes |
| Title | Year | Director | Writer | Editor | Sound designer | Other | Notes |
| Star Wars Holiday Special | 1978 | | | | Yes | | Television film |
| Star Wars: Droids | 1985–1986 | | Yes | | Yes | Yes | Associate producer Story editor Stories for 4 episodes Teleplay for episode "The Great Heep" |
| Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers | 1988–1990 | | | | | Yes | Uncredited Sound effects editor (65 episodes) |
| The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles | 1992–1996 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Second unit director (2 episodes) Directed and teleplay episode "Attack of the Hawkmen" |
| Star Wars: Forces of Destiny | 2017–2018 | | | | Yes | | |

### Video games

* WALL-E (2008) - WALL•E / M-O / Robots
* Lego The Incredibles (2018) - WALL•E
* Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order (2019) - BD-1
* Disney Dreamlight Valley (2023) - WALL•E
* Disney Speedstorm (2023) - WALL•E

## Awards
### Academy Awards

* Best Sound Effects Editing in 1989 for Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
* Best Sound Effects Editing in 1982 for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
* Special Achievement for Sound Effects Editing in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
* Special Achievement for Sound Effects Editing in Star Wars (1977)
* Nominated for:
** Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing in 2008 for WALL-E
** Best Sound Effects Editing in 1999 for Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
** Best Documentary Short Subject in 1996 for directing Special Effects: Anything Can Happen
** Best Sound in 1989 for Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
** Best Sound Effects Editing in 1988 for Willow
** Best Sound and Best Sound Effects Editing in 1983 for Return of the Jedi

### Annie Awards

* Nominated: Voice Acting in a Feature Production in 2008 for WALL-E

### Honorary awards

Burtt was awarded the Doctor of Arts, honoris causa, by Allegheny College on May 9, 2004.
The Hollywood Post Alliance awarded him with The Charles S. Swartz Award for outstanding contributions to the field of post production.
In 2024, Burtt was recognized with the Vision Award Ticinomoda at the 77th Locarno Film Festival.
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