OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Landgravine Auguste of Hesse-Homburg

Landgravine Auguste Fredericka of Hesse-Homburg (full German name: Auguste Friederike, Landgräfin von Hessen-Homburg; 28 November 1776, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg, Holy Roman Empire – 1 April 1871, Ludwigslust, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a German noblewoman.

## Background and early life

Auguste was the sixth child and fourth daughter of Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and his wife Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt, in turn daughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was a member of the House of Hesse and a Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg by birth. Through her marriage, she became a member of the House of Mecklenburg and Hereditary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Because all her older sisters married very early, Auguste became by 1793 in the primary caretaker of her parents, and a particular support to her ailing father.

## Life

In Homburg on 3 April 1818, the 41-years-old Auguste married Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, twice a widower and father of four surviving children. The marriage was suggested by the late second wife of the Hereditary Grand Duke, Princess Caroline Louise of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Auguste's first-cousin) at her deathbed.
The union was childless and lasted only 18 months until Frederick Louis' death on 29 November 1819. She was a devoted stepmother for her husband's children, taking responsibility for their upbringing and education. She developed a particularly close relationship with her stepdaughter Helene, second child and only daughter of her cousin Caroline Louise.
Auguste, who never remarried, remained in Mecklenburg-Schwerin for the rest of her life, dying in Ludwigslust aged 94. She was buried at the Helena Paulovna Mausoleum, next to her husband and his two previous wives.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Landgravine Auguste of Hesse-Homburg :
# Nigel Poor

Nigel Poor is an artist and cofounder and co-host of the podcast Ear Hustle. She is co-author of the book This Is Ear Hustle: Unflinching Stories of Everyday Prison Life. She lives in the San Francisco Bay area.

## Early life and education

Poor grew up near Boston. She has a B.A. in Photography and Literature from Bennington College in Vermont, and an M.F.A in Photography from Massachusetts College of Art.

## Career

Poor began volunteering at San Quentin State Prison in 2011 as a photography teacher with the Prison University Project. From her work in photography came the idea for The San Quentin Prison Report Radio Project, the precursor to Ear Hustle.
She is a Professor of Photography at California State University, Sacramento.
Poor's photography has been exhibited locally, nationally, and internationally. She created a series of photographs based on an archive of photos from San Quentin, in which incarcerated men annotated the photographs with their own impressions and context.
Poor and her co-hosts were nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 2020 for Season 4 of Ear Hustle.
# Brockhampton (near Ross-on-Wye)

Brockhampton is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England. The village is near the River Wye, 14 kilometres (9 mi) south east of Hereford, 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Ross-on-Wye, and 16 kilometres (10 mi) south-west of Ledbury. The Wye Valley Walk passes through Brockhampton. The parish forms part of the Old Gore ward of Herefordshire Council. Prior to 1998, it had been part of the district of South Herefordshire in Hereford and Worcester. The population of the parish in 2011 was 229.
The two most significant buildings in the village are Brockhampton Court and All Saints' Church. Brockhampton Court was substantially rebuilt, in the neo-Tudor style in 1893, as the Herefordshire residence of Arthur Wellesley Foster and his American wife, Alice. In the late 1870s, Eben Dyer Jordan of Boston, Massachusetts had purchased Brockhampton Court, now a retirement home, as a wedding present for his daughter and her groom, A. W. Foster.
The Park, Brockhampton is the local cricket ground.

## All Saints' Church

The construction of nearby All Saints' Church, financed by Mr and Mrs Foster (as a memorial to her parents), was completed in 1902, the work of the Arts & Crafts pioneer W. R. Lethaby.
Straddling a sloping south-facing site, the first impression of All Saints' is that of a traditional English thatched church. In fact, Lethaby's ingenious 'partnership' of a thatched roof sitting on top of un-reinforced cast-concrete roof, pre-dated current thermal insulation thinking by more than a century.
The interior's most striking feature is the lofty vaulted roof, formed of four bays of lime-washed shuttered concrete, divided by slender sandstone arches (the stone came from the now-redundant local Capler quarry). At Brockhampton, Lethaby predicted the Modern Movement's short-lived passion for patterned concrete surfaces, by leaving the internal face of the Nave's roof lining unplastered.
The architect's decision to carry out the entire project using direct labour craftsmen (eschewing the conventional building contractor route) is thought to have been a contributing factor to his subsequent ill health and decision to concentrate on teaching and writing. All Saints' Brockhampton was Lethaby's last significant building. Randall Wells served as his resident architect on site.
In The Buildings of England - Herefordshire, Nikolaus Pevsner describes All Saints' as "perhaps the most thrilling church in any country of the years between historicism and the Modern Movement".
In the introductory section of the revised edition of Herefordshire, All Saints' Brockhampton is described as "One of the most convincing and impressive churches of its date in any country".
The church contains many examples of Christopher Whall’s stained glass work.
The Hotel Monterey Grasmere Osaka, Japan features a three-quarter scale replica of the church as a wedding venue on the 21st and 22nd floors of a tower block.
# Agustin Rangel

Agustín Rangel (5 May 1925 – 30 October 2012) was a Venezuelan sports shooter. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
# Zoltán Cséfalvay

Zoltán Cséfalvay is a Hungarian politician, economist and geographer. He served as Secretary of State for Strategy with the Ministry of the National Economy of Hungary, and later as Hungary's ambassador to UNESCO and the OECD.

## Education

Born in Máriakálnok, Hungary in 1958, Zoltán Cséfalvay attended the University of Debrecen from 1977 to 1982, and between 1987 and 1988, he held a German Academic Exchange Service grant at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He received his PhD in geography from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1996. The University of Debrecen awarded him his habilitation in 1999.

## Career
### First Orbán government

He was appointed Deputy Secretary of State for Regional Economic Development in the First Orbán government under Minister for Economic Affairs György Matolcsy.

### Second Orbán government

In 2010, he was appointed Minister of State for the National Economy, where he served as the ministry's Parliamentary Secretary as well. During this period, he managed the negotiations with the International Monetary Fund and the European Commission in addressing the Hungarian deficit crisis.

### Joint ambassador to UNESCO and OECD

He presented his credentials as Hungary's permanent representative to the OECD and Hungary's ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to UNESCO in January 2015.

### JRC Seville

After the end of his posting with UNESCO and OECD, he took up a senior grantholder's position in December 2018 at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre in Seville, Spain, where his work focused on the impact of robotics on European industry and the economic drivers of competitiveness.

## Awards and recognition

In 2014, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland in recognition of his work in the field of Polish-Hungarian bilateral economic cooperation.

## Personal life

He is married to the Hungarian social scientist and university lecturer Anna Mária Bartal. They have one son.
# 2019–20 Albanian Basketball Superleague

The 2019–20 Albanian Basketball Superleague, is the 54th season of the top professional basketball league in Albania.

## Competition format

The six clubs played a four-legged round robin tournament where the four first qualified teams would advance to the playoffs.
The fifth qualified team faced the runner-up of the second division in a best-of-three games playoff for avoiding relegation, and the last qualified team was directly relegated.

## Clubs and arenas

| Club | Location | Founded | Arena | Capacity | Head coach |
| Barleti Eagles | Tirana | | | | |
| Goga | Durrës | | Ramazan Njala Sports Palace | 1,000 | |
| Partizani | Tirana | 1946 | Asllan Rusi Sports Palace | 3,000 | E.Ismeti |
| Teuta | Durrës | 1925 | Ramazan Njala Sports Palace | 1,000 | Miodrag Baletic |
| Tirana | Tirana | 1946 | Farie Hoti Sports Palace | 3,000 | Bujar Shehu |
| Vllaznia | Shkodër | 1919 | Qazim Dërvishi Sports Palace | 1,200 | Bledar Gjeçaj |

## Regular season
### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Teuta | 11 | 9 | 2 | 954 | 874 | +80 | 20 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 2 | Goga | 11 | 8 | 3 | 1064 | 902 | +162 | 19 | Qualification to playoffs and Liga Unike |
| 3 | Vllaznia | 11 | 7 | 4 | 906 | 786 | +120 | 18 | Qualification to playoffs and Liga Unike |
| 4 | Partizani | 11 | 6 | 5 | 937 | 863 | +74 | 17 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 5 | Tirana | 12 | 4 | 8 | 933 | 975 | −42 | 16 | Qualification to the relegation playoffs and Liga Unike |
| 6 | Barleti Eagles | 12 | 0 | 12 | 806 | 1200 | −394 | 12 | Relegation to First Division |

### Results

| Home \ Away | BAR | GOG | PAR | TEU | TIR | VLL | BAR | GOG | PAR | TEU | TIR | VLL |
| Barleti Eagles | — | 73–105 | 63–78 | 76–103 | 52–92 | 64–92 | — | 64–127 | 78–99 | | | |
| Goga | 105–60 | — | 107–98 | 97–98 | 95–92 | 81–68 | | — | | | 82–69 | |
| Partizani | 111–70 | 91–83 | — | 76–78 | 80–84 | 69–76 | | | — | | | |
| Teuta | 101–66 | 111–100 | 64–69 | — | 96–86 | 75–69 | | | 89–81 | — | | |
| Tirana | 99–77 | 78–82 | 69–78 | 58–81 | — | 51–84 | | | | 79–72 | — | |
| Vllaznia | 80–64 | 91–73 | 71–85 | 83–87 | 78–77 | — | 109–65 | | | | 96–68 | — |

## Playoffs

The semi-finals were played in a best-of-three playoff format and the finals in a best-of-five playoff format (1-1-1-1-1).

### Bracket

| Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Finals | Finals |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 |
| | | | | | 0 |
| | | | | | 0 |

### Finals

| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 | Game 4 | Game 5 |
| | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## Relegation playoffs

Team from the ABL plays legs 1 and 3 at home.
| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 |
| | | | | | 0 |
# Henrik Gamst

Henrik Gamst (3 September 1788 – 3 September 1861) was a Danish industrialist, politician and landowner.

## Early life

Gamst was born on 3 September 1788 in Copenhagen, the son of Hans Christensen Gamst (1737–1803) and Marthe Marie Storch (1751–1830). His father had established an iron foundry in 1782. The company was continued by Gamst's mother and paternal uncle Johannes Christian Gamst (1751–1829) after the father's death in 1803.

## H. Gamst & H. C. Lund

Gamst joined the family business as a partner in 1811 and became its sole owner in 1829. In 1836 the name of the company was changed to H. Gamst & H. C. Lund when Gamst's nephew Hans Christian Lund became a partner. In 1854, it was taken over by P. J. Winstrup and V. C. Gamél. In 1872, it was taken over by Johannes Henrik Hellerung and J. C. Hauberg.

## Property

Upon selling his company in 1854, Gamst purchased Vedbygård at Holbæk.

## Other activities

Gamst was a member of the Council of 32 Men (and later the Copenhagen City Council) in 1830–1846. He was a member of the Roskilde Constituent Assembly. He was a co-founder of Industriforeningen. He was also involved in the establishment of Thorvaldsens Museum.
# Giuseppe Brizi

Giuseppe Brizi (19 March 1942 – 9 June 2022) was an Italian professional football player and manager who played as a defender. In 2012, he was inducted into ACF Fiorentina Hall of Fame.

## Playing career

Brizi debuted in professional football during the 1959–60 Serie C season, when he played as a midfielder for Maceratese. In 1962, he was then bought by Fiorentina, where Ferruccio Valcareggi eventually decided to play him as a sweeper. In Florence, Brizi had his best spell of his career, making 389 appearances (becoming the player with the second highest number of appearances in the history of the club) and contributing to winning, among others, one Scudetto and two Coppa Italia.
He was part of the Italy national B team's squad that won the 1963 Mediterranean Games.

## Managerial career

Brizi was the manager of Maceratese for three non-consecutive tenures, where he won his Girone during the 1979–80 Serie D season, Lanciano, Fermana, and Sangiustese.

## Death

Brizi died on 9 June 2022, at the age of 80.

## Honours
### Player

Fiorentina
* Serie A: 1968–69
* Coppa Italia: 1965–66, 1974–75
* Anglo-Italian League Cup: 1975
* Mitropa Cup: 1966
Italy
* Mediterranean Games: 1963

### Individual

* ACF Fiorentina Hall of Fame: 2012
# Murder in South Dakota law

Murder in South Dakota law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of South Dakota.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slgihtly below the median for the entire country.

## History

Prior to statehood, the legislature of the Dakota Territory, including what would become both North Dakota and South Dakota, adopted the territory's first Penal Code in 1863. In 1865, this was repealed and "replaced with the code then in use in New York state", under which murder "was not defined by degree and was in all cases to be punishable by death".
This was amended in 1883 to shift the determination of whether the capital punishment was to be imposed from the judge to the jury. The crime became divided between first degree murder, punishable by death by hanging or life imprisonment, and second degree murder, punishable by a sentence of 10 to 30 years.
South Dakota offers no parole for those convicted of murder, asserting that life means life.

## Penalties

As of 2024, the sentences for murder convictions are as follows:
| Offense | Mandatory Sentencing |
| First Degree Manslaughter | Maximum of life without parole (defendants under 18 cannot be sentenced to life without parole) |
| Second Degree Murder | Life without parole (if the defendant was under 18, they are sentenced to any number of years) |
| First Degree Murder | Death or life without parole (if the defendant was under 18, they are sentenced to any number of years) |
# Adkins–Peterson reaction

The Adkins–Peterson reaction is the air oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde with metal oxide catalysts such as iron oxide, molybdenum trioxide or combinations thereof.
Whilst this class of oxidation had been investigated previously, in-depth systemization of the behaviour of the iron oxide/molybdenum trioxide catalyst was carried out by Homer Burton Adkins and Wesley R. Peterson.

## Reaction Conditions

* The reaction is typically conducted at 300°C to 400°C.
* Equimolar proportions of iron and molybdenum oxides yields the highest conversion of methanol to formaldehyde, achieving over 90% conversion with carbon monoxide as the secondary product.
# Ivan Chakarov

Ivan Chakarov (Bulgarian: Иван Чакъров), also known as "James Dean" of weightlifting, born 1966, is a Bulgarian world class weightlifter who won gold medals in the 91 kg class at the 1993 World Weightlifting Championships in Melbourne, Australia and in the 90 kg class at the 1991 European Weightlifting Championships in Władysławowo, Poland. He also competed in the men's middle heavyweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Chakarov won European Cup with the team of Bulgaria in Angers 1988 and Sofia 1989. He began training in 1979 at the Chernomorets Burgas Club. His first coach is Konstantin Darov. Chakarov competed for Chernomorets until 1985. After that, until the end of his long and successful career, he competed only for CSKA Sofia. His personal coaches were Andon Nikolov, Rumen Alexandrov and Neno Terziyski. Chakarov has set two world records.

## Personal Bests
### Weightlifting

* Snatch: 187.5 kg
* Clean and Jerk: 230 kg
* Best Total: 417.5 kg (480 sinclair) (About the 10th best weightlifter ever)

### Other exercises

* Power Clean: 180.0 kg (Strict), 200 kg (some depth)
* Back Squat: 1RM: 330.0 kg (Some sources say 350 kg, though it is likely to be inaccurate, a 335 kg value is more likely provided from other sources, but he definitely squatted 330 in the back squat). 3RM: 285 kg
* Front Squat: 280.0 kg
* Clean: 230.0 kg (Accomplished twice at the 1987 world weightlifting championships)
* Military Press: 120.0 kg
* Bench Press: 150.0 kg
* Clean Pull: 290.0 kg
* Power Snatch (above Parallel) : 150.0 kg
* Snatch Pull: 250.0 kg
* Deadlift: 310.0 kg

## No-No-No Squats

Chakarov was exceptional in the Back Squat, and squatted 270 kg (595.25 lbs) for 3 deep repetitions at the 1993 World Weightlifting Championships. This feat became well known as the "No-No-No" squat, as Chakarov did not use a lifting belt, knee wraps, or spotters for this attempt.
# Disterna plumifera

Disterna plumifera is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1859. It is known from Australia.
# Melissa Kössler

Klara Melissa Kössler (born 4 March 2000) is a German football player who plays as a forward for Frauen-Bundesliga club TSG Hoffenheim and the Germany national team.

## Club career

Kössler played for Turbine Potsdam from 2006 to 2017, going through all youth teams in the U7 to U17 age groups. With the B-Juniors she won the German Championship in both 2015 and 2016. In 2017 she won second place in the final. In 2016/17, in addition to her appearances for the B-Juniors, she also played in 15 league games for the second women's team in the 2nd Bundesliga North. For the 2017/18 season she signed a two-year contract for the Bundesliga team, but initially continued to play for the second team. Her debut in a competitive first-team match followed on 15 April 2018 in the 3–1 DFB Cup semi-final loss against Bayern Munich when she came on for Anna Gasper in the 60th minute. She finally made her Bundesliga debut three days later, on 18 April 2018 (matchday 14), when she started the 1–0 home win against SC Freiburg and was substituted for Wibke Meister in the 72nd minute.
In the summer of 2019, she moved to the United States to join the UMass Minutewomen at the University of Massachusetts Amherst for a dual career of college and soccer. She returned after just a year, scoring 11 goals in 16 games for the varsity athletic team. In the 2021/22 season, she was Turbine Potsdam's second top scorer after Selina Cerci with 10 goals and joined league rivals TSG Hoffenheim after that season.

## International career

Kössler made her international debut on 12 May 2016 in a 3–1 victory of the U16 national team against Austria. She was then part of the squad of the U17 national team. With this team she qualified for the European Championships in the Czech Republic in 2017. In the penalty shoot-out in the final match against Spain, she put her team ahead 3–1, and won the European title. She was the tournament's top scorer with three goals. In 2017 she became a member of the U19 national team, with which she competed in the 2018 European Championship in Switzerland, where she became runner-up after a 1–0 final defeat by Spain. Kössler played in all five tournament games.
Her goal during the 2019 European Under-19 Championship to make it 3–0 in the group game against Belgium on 19 July in the 53rd minute, when she beat the Belgian goalkeeper from distance, won second place for goal of the month for July 2019.

## Career statistics
### International

    As of 5 April 2024
Appearances and goals by national team and year :
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
| Germany | 2023 | 1 | 0 |
| Germany | 2024 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 2 | 0 |

## Honours
### National team

* U17 European Champion: 2017
* U19 Vice European Champion: 2018, 2019
# Madame Tussauds Singapore

Madame Tussauds Singapore is a wax museum and tourist attraction at the Imbiah Lookout of Sentosa Island in Singapore. It officially opened on 25 October 2014 as the seventh Asian branch of the Madame Tussauds chain of wax attractions worldwide.

## Wax figures

The wax attraction features many wax figures of notable political icons, famous superstars, sports icons and others, including Yusof Ishak, Sukarno, Lee Kuan Yew, David Beckham, Sharukh Khan, Johnny Depp and Lady Gaga. In 2015, a figure of the Singapore Girl, an iconic flight attendant for Singapore Airlines, was added. The figure was modelled after flight attendant Nur Surya Binte, and is the second figure to be made of the icon. A year later, the wax figure of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was also added.

### Featured personalities
#### World Leaders

* Mao Zedong
* Nelson Mandela
* Yusof Ishak
* Mahatma Gandhi
* Sukarno
* Lee Kuan Yew and wife Kwa Geok Choo
* Barack Obama and wife Michelle Obama
* Aung San Suu Kyi
* Queen Elizabeth II
* Goh Chok Tong
* Lee Hsien Loong
* Narendra Modi
* Xi Jinping and First Lady Peng Liyuan
* Joko Widodo

#### Sports

* Cristiano Ronaldo
* Sachin Tendulkar
* David Beckham
* Fandi Ahmad
* Feng Tianwei
* Lewis Hamilton
* Muhammad Ali
* Rafael Nadal
* Rudy Hartono
* Sebastian Vettel
* Serena Williams
* Tiger Woods
* Yao Ming
* Lee Chong Wei
* Virat Kohli
* Yip Pin Xiu

#### TV and Film

* Daniel Craig as James Bond
* Tom Cruise
* Marilyn Monroe
* Arnold Schwarzenegger as Terminator
* Vin Diesel
* Audrey Hepburn
* Steven Spielberg
* Oprah Winfrey
* Bruce Lee
* Jackie Chan
* Jack Neo
* Cecilia Cheung
* Leon Lai
* Jet Li
* Donnie Yen
* Gurmit Singh as Phua Chu Kang
* E.T.
* Mahesh Babu
* Kajal Aggarwal
* Catriona Gray
* Prabhas as Baahubali
* Pia Wurtzbach

#### A-list

* Johnny Depp
* Leonardo DiCaprio
* Andy Lau
* Benedict Cumberbatch
* Kate Winslet
* Fan Bingbing
* Michelle Yeoh
* Huang Wenyong
* Zoe Tay
* Will Smith
* Priyanka Chopra
* Nicole Kidman
* Liam Hemsworth
* Ryan Gosling
* Dwayne Johnson

#### Ultimate Film Star Experience

* Kajal Aggarwal as Indian actress
* Karan Johar
* Shahid Kapoor
* Sridevi
* Varun Dhawan
* Deepika Padukone
* Ranveer Singh
* Ranbir Kapoor
* Prabhas as Indian actor

#### IIFA Award Experience

* Shah Rukh Khan
* Amitabh Bachchan
* Mahesh Babu as Indian actor
* Madhuri Dixit
* Hrithik Roshan
* Aishwarya Rai
* Anushka Sharma
* Kajol
* Kareena Kapoor

#### Music

* Elvis Presley
* Michael Jackson
* Beyoncé
* Madonna
* Lady Gaga
* Harry Styles
* Katy Perry
* Taylor Swift
* Shawn Mendes
* Ariana Grande
* Ed Sheeran
* Dua Lipa
* Jay Chou
* Teresa Teng
* Joey Yung
* Dick Lee
* Stefanie Sun
* JJ Lin
* Agnez Mo
* Lea Salonga
* Lay Zhang
* Justin Bieber

#### K-Wave

* Kim Woo-bin
* Bae Suzy
* Song Seung-heon
* Hyun Bin
* Lee Min-ho
* Park Hae-jin

#### Marvel 4D Experience

* Spider-Man
* Iron Man
* Captain America
* Captain Marvel
* Black Panther
* Doctor Strange
* Thor
# Boyadag Mud Volcano

39°07′30″N 54°39′00″E﻿ / ﻿39.12500°N 54.65000°E﻿ / 39.12500; 54.65000
Boyadag Mud Volcano is a mud volcano along the western boundary of the eponymous anticline in Balkan Province, Turkmenistan. The nearest town is Gumdag.
# Konieczkowa

Konieczkowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niebylec, within Strzyżów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Niebylec, 12 km (7 mi) east of Strzyżów, and 22 km (14 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów.