OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity

"Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity" is a scientific article published by Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) in 1967 in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences and dedicated to climate modelling. It is often considered to be the most influential paper in history of climate change science: the climate model that it describes is indeed the first one to address the main physical mechanisms that determine the influence of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) on Earth surface temperature through greenhouse effect.
Manabe and Wetherald one-dimension climate radiative-convective model includes an accurate spectroscopy of CO$_2$, ozone and water vapor, atmospheric convection and water vapor feedback. When a doubling CO$_2$ atmospheric concentration is given as input to the model, it provides a temperature shift (equilibrium climate sensitivity) of +2.4 °C, which is consistent with modern estimates, such as those published in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report.
# An American Dream (film)

An American Dream (also known as See You in Hell, Darling) is a 1966 American Technicolor drama film directed by Robert Gist and starring Stuart Whitman and Janet Leigh. It was adapted from the 1965 Norman Mailer novel of the same name. The film received an Oscar nomination for Best Song for "A Time for Love," music by Johnny Mandel and lyrics by Paul Francis Webster.

## Plot

Stephen Rojack, a war hero, returns home to become a tough-talking television commentator who strongly criticizes the police's inability to put an end to the criminal activities of Ganucci, an organized-crime figure.
Separated from his alcoholic wife Deborah, he goes to her seeking a divorce. A violent argument breaks out, ending with Rojack throwing her from a 30th-story window.
At the police station, where he tells the police his wife committed suicide, Rojack runs into Ganucci as well as the gangster's nephew Nicky and nightclub singer Cherry McMahon, a former girlfriend of his. Rojack resumes his romantic interest in Cherry, further infuriating the Ganuccis.
Barney Kelly, his dead wife's father, is suspicious about Deborah's death and confronts Rojack, getting him to admit his guilt. Instead of informing the police, Barney decides to let Rojack struggle with his conscience.
Meanwhile, bribing her with a singing contract, the Ganuccis are able to convince Cherry to lure Rojack into an ambush. At the last second, she breaks down and warns him. Rojack takes her gun and is able to shoot Nicky, but then is gunned down himself.

## Cast

* Stuart Whitman as Stephen Richard Rojack
* Janet Leigh as Cherry McMahon (singing voice was dubbed by Jackie Ward)
* Eleanor Parker as Deborah Rojack
* Barry Sullivan as Lt. Roberts
* Lloyd Nolan as Barney Kelly
* Murray Hamilton as Arthur Kabot
* J.D. Cannon as Sgt. Walt Leznicki
* Susan Denberg as Ruta
* Les Crane as Nicky
* Peter Marko as Hoodlum
* Warren Stevens as Johnny Dell
* Joe De Santis as Eddie Ganucci
* Stacy Harris as O'Brien
* Paul Mantee as Shago Martin
* Harold Gould as Ganucci's Attorney
* George Takei as Ord Long
* Kelly Jean Peters as Freya
* Hal K. Dawson as Apartment House Guard (uncredited)
* Richard Derr as Undetermined Role (uncredited)
* James Nolan as Monsignor (uncredited)

## Production

When An American Dream bombed at the box office, the desperate distributors re-titled the film See You in Hell, Darling.

## Review

The director intended to make a horror movie, but failed to create that effect: According to Time Out magazine, it turns out to be "just tediously violent".
# Buckaroo!

Buckaroo! is a game of physical skill, intended for players aged four and above. Buckaroo! has been published by several game companies such as Ideal Toy, Milton Bradley, and Hasbro.

## Description

The game centers on an articulated plastic model of a mule named "Roo" (or "Buckaroo"). The mule begins the game standing on all four feet, with a blanket on its back. Players take turns placing various items onto the mule's back without causing the mule to buck up on its front legs, throwing off all the accumulated items (the toy has a spring mechanism that is triggered by significant vibration). There are 12 different items players can stack onto the Mule. The player who triggered this buck is knocked out of the game, and play resumes. The winner is the last player remaining in the game. In the (unlikely) event that a player manages to place the last item onto the mule's back without it bucking, that player is the winner.
The toy has three sensitivity levels that are adjustable via a switch located on the side of the mule's body, under the blanket. The switch adjusts the location of the lever to which the blanket is attached in relation to the trigger mechanism attached to the spring.

### Items

The items that players must place on the mule's back are (variations in names from the 2007 UK version in parentheses):
* a bedroll
* a canteen (water bottle)
* a cowboy hat
* a crate (rifle box)
* a frying pan
* a guitar
* a holster (holster with gun)
* a lantern (lamp)
* a rope
* a saddle
* a shovel
* a stick of dynamite
Of these, the saddle must be placed first. It has a number of articulation points on which the subsequent items are hung. These other items may be placed in any order.

## History

The original version was released in 1970 by Ideal Toy Company and contained a white mule, while later editions contain a brown one.

### Criticism

In 2006, Buckaroo! was recalled, due to the objects getting flung off the mule when the spring is triggered. On Good Morning America and CTV News, it was mentioned that an object had hit a child in the eye, in North Carolina, causing the 8-year-old boy to have surgery. The game was discontinued until 2008 when the instructions were adjusted.

## In popular culture

* Buckaroo! is a favorite game of Father Dougal McGuire in Irish sitcom Father Ted. He regularly plays the game with Ted, despite the fact that Ted hates it and would rather play chess.
* Buckaroo! is recreated by the team of Ed Gamble, Katy Wix, and Rose Matafeo on the fourth episode of the 9th series of Taskmaster
# Connie Russell

Connie Russell (May 9, 1923 – December 18, 1990) was an American singer and movie actress. Born in New York City, she appeared in seven films from the 1930s through the 1950s. She was far better known as a singer than as an actress, as her singing career was quite extensive.

## Early years

Russell was the daughter of Tommy and Nina Russell, a vaudeville team. Her grandparents were also entertainers, performing as Glenroy and Russell. She attended Lawrence High School in Cedarhurst, Long Island, and the Professional Children's School in New York City.

## Personal appearances

While she was still a teenager, Russell performed at venues such as the Starlight Club at New York's Waldorf-Astoria, the 500 Club in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the Famous Door, and the Paramount Theater in New York City. In late December, 1952, she appeared, along with Danny Thomas, Lou Wills, Jr., and Ray Sinatra and his orchestra, at the opening night gala of the Copa Room at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas.

## Film

By the time she was 16, Russell had signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Her film debut came in Cruisin' Down the River (1953). (Another source says that her "first socko movie appearance was in Lady Be Good" in 1941.) She played a lead role in the 1956 movie Nightmare.

## Radio

On radio, Russell was the featured female singer on Let Yourself Go on CBS (1944–1945). She also appeared frequently on the syndicated Naval Air Reserve Show.$^{:475}$ In 1947, she became a network staff singer on NBC, joining Manor House Summer Party for an eight-week stint as the program's featured singer.

## Television

On television, she was a regular singer on Club Embassy, Garroway at Large (1949–1951)$^{:379}$ and on The Buick-Berle Show on NBC (1953–1955). She also had success on Eddie Cantor's TV program when he liked her so well in a guest appearance that he signed her to a contract.
Probably her best known role was uncredited. She played the singing voice for the sexy Red Riding Hood on the Tex Avery directed 1943 "Red Hot Riding Hood" cartoon playing opposite the Big Bad Wolf in a 1940s nightclub. The cartoon became Avery's most well known and was voted as number 7 of The 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time.
In the cartoon, she sings a rendition of "Daddy" by Bobby Troup. The speaking voice for the character was played by Sara Berner.
Russell appeared on an April 5, 1959, episode of the popular NBC variety show, The Steve Allen Show, singing her song “You’ve Changed” off her new album “Don’t Smoke in Bed”. She also did a short live cigarette commercial parody and appeared alongside Don Knotts, Lenny Bruce and The Three Stooges in the closing musical segment.[10]

## Selected filmography

* This Is My Love (1954)
# Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis is a species of plant in the family Verbenaceae, native throughout the Caribbean, including Florida. It has many common names including blue porterweed, blue snake weed, bastard vervain, Brazilian tea, Jamaica vervain, light-blue snakeweed, and, in St. Croix, worryvine.$^{source?}$ It usually is found along country roadsides, and it also grows well as a ruderal plant on disturbed terrain.
A similar plant, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, which is an invasive species in Florida, is sometimes mistaken for S. jamaicensis.
It is unclear whether S. indica is a separate species.

## Medicinal Uses

The fresh leaves are consumed in bush tea as a “cooling” tonic and blood cleanser, to treat “asthma” and “ulcerated stomachs”.
Tea brewed from this species has been shown to cause a dose-dependent "fall in [the] blood pressure" of normal rabbits. However, the tea has also been observed to cause a "mild non-dose dependent systematic toxicity" in various tissues throughout the body, "such as congestion, fatty changes, and necrosis in liver, blood vessels, kidney, lung and testis, but the brain, eyes, intestines and heart were essentially normal."

## Gallery

* in Aanakkulam
* in Talakona forest, in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India
* In Talakona forest
* In Talakona forest
* In Talakona forest
# William van Someren

William Weymouth van Someren DSO (17 September 1876 – 16 June 1939) was an English first-class cricketer and an officer in the British Indian Army.
The son of the barrister Godlieb van Someren, he was born in British India at Madras in September 1876. He was educated in England at Clifton College, before attending the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He graduated from there in August 1896 as a second lieutenant, with a view to his appointment to the British Indian Army (BIA). Shortly after his appointment to the BIA with the 36th Sikhs, van Someren transferred to the 45th Rattray's Sikhs and served with them in the Tirah campaign, where he was present at several of the campaigns engagements. He was made a Companion to the Distinguished Service Order for his actions during the campaign. Following the campaign, he was promoted to lieutenant in July 1899, with promotion to captain following in August 1905.
Between 1903 and 1908, he was seconded to serve with the Burma Military Police. In September 1910, van Someren made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Hindus at Bombay in the 1910–11 Bombay Triangular Tournament. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 27 runs in the Europeans first innings by Palwankar Baloo. van Someren served in the First World War with the 45th Sikhs, during which he was promoted to major in the opening weeks of the war. He was wounded during the war, and was placed on the half-pay list in December 1916. He would serve the remainder of the conflict with the War Office. van Someren died in India in June 1939.
# The Amazing Truth About Queen Raquela

The Amazing Truth About Queen Raquela is a 2008 drama film directed by Olaf de Fleur Johannesson.

## Premise

Raquela, a Filipino transsexual prostitute dreams of making a new life in Paris. She becomes an Internet porn star and meets Valerie, an Icelandic transsexual, and Michael, the owner of the website she works for.

## Cast

* Raquela Rios as Herself
* Stefan Schaefer as Ardilo, Michael
* Olivia Galudo as Olivia
* Brax Villa as Aubrey
* Valerie Grand Einarsson as Valerie Einarsson

## Distribution and reception

The film showed at the 2008 Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Teddy Award for Best Feature Film. It has been screened in the Emerging Visions section of the 2008 South by Southwest festival in the United States.
It received the Grand Jury Prize in the 10th 2008 Cinemanila International Film Festival at Malacañan Palace's Kalayaan Hall.
# Anna Slotky

Anna Rebecca Slotky Reitano (née Slotky; born June 30, 1981) is an American attorney and former actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Ruth Ann in the television sitcom The Torkelsons.

## Career
### Acting

She had a recurring role as Denise on Sister, Sister, and guest starred on 3rd Rock from the Sun, Doctor Doctor and Step by Step. She also played Brooke, one of the McCallister children, in Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992). Her last acting credit was a guest appearance on the Fox series Get Real in 2000.

### Law

Slotky completed her undergraduate studies at Occidental College in Los Angeles, California and earned her Juris Doctor degree at the University of California, Davis School of Law (King Hall) in May 2008. She was admitted to the State Bar of California in 2009, and is currently working as a public defender for Los Angeles County. She is a leading candidate for Judge of Los Angeles County having made it into the runoff election in November 2022.

## Personal life

Slotky married animator James Reitano on April 30, 2011, and gave birth to a son on February 14, 2012.

## Filmography

Film and television :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1990 | Doctor Doctor | Emily Linowitz | "Who's Afraid of Leona Linowitz?", "The Last Temptation of Mike" |
| 1990 | Home Alone | Brooke McCallister | |
| 1991–92 | The Torkelsons | Ruth Ann Torkelson | Regular role |
| 1992 | Home Alone 2: Lost in New York | Brooke McCallister | |
| 1995–96 | Sister, Sister | Denise Mondello | Recurring role |
| 1996–97 | 3rd Rock from the Sun | Cheryl | "Body & Soul & Dick", "Romeo & Juliet & Dick" |
| 1997 | Step by Step | Amanda Dank | "Poetic Justice" |
| 2000 | Get Real | Allison | "Falling from Grace" |
# T. P. McAuley

T. P. McAuley was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897.
# An American Widow

An American Widow is a 1917 silent comedy film directed by Frank Reicher and starring Ethel Barrymore. It is based on a 1909 play by Kellett Chambers. Metro Pictures produced and distributed.

## Cast

* Ethel Barrymore as Elizabeth Carter
* Irving Cummings as Jasper Mallory
* Dudley Hawley as Earlof Dettminster
* Ernest Stallard as Augustus Tucker
* Charles Dickson as Theodore Bacon
* Alfred Kappler as Pitney Carter
* Arthur Lewis as Carstairs
* Pearl Browne as Mme. Albani

## Preservation

With no copies of An American Widow located in any film archives, it is considered a lost film.
# Justiniano Borja

Justiniano Romulo Dancel Borja (July 6, 1912 – October 3, 1964) was the mayor of Cagayan de Oro from 1954 to 1964.

## Background

Borja was responsible for economic growth in Cagayan de Oro. He is known for opening the Cogon Public Market in 1959 and was called the "Arsenio Lacson of Cagayan de Oro". He died in his office on October 3, 1964.

## Information

Historian and anthropologist Dr. Antonio J. Montalvan II wrote that Borja was called the Arsenio Lacson of Cagayan de Oro because "he was, above all, no-nonsense. He ruled without fear or favor. He had political will. Most importantly, he remained simple and would walk to and from his office without any bodyguards. His funeral cortege, which I personally witnessed, was attended by legions of Kagay-anons, many of whom openly wept at the sight of his bier which was placed atop a decorated float. Shops and establishments were closed for business at their own behest."

## Legacy

Borja is the only city mayor who has been given multiple honors, proof of how much he was loved by the city that he served so well. There are J.R Borja Street, JR Borja Memorial Medical Hospital (City Hospital) and a statue located at Plaza Divisoria (Golden Friendship Park). He was the only city mayor of Cagayan de Oro given a doctorate degree "Honoris Causa" in public administration by Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan in 1963. Many male babies were named Justiniano, complete with the nickname of Tiñing.
Raf Benaldo, who served as undersecretary of the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), told Montalvan that Tiñing Borja has become the benchmark for the city's public servants, a fact that, sadly, no one has capably equaled. - Elson T. Elizaga.
| Preceded byPedro SA. Baculio | Mayor of Cagayan de Oro 1954–1964 | Succeeded byJesus V. Seriña Sr |
# Advanced Science

Advanced Science is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering fundamental and applied research in materials science, physics and chemistry, medical and life sciences, as well as engineering.
It is published by Wiley-VCH and was established in 2014. The editor-in-chief is Kirsten Severing.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Chemical Abstracts Service
* Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
* Science Citation Index Expanded
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 15.1.
# Circus Days

Circus Days is a 1923 American silent comedy film starring child actor Jackie Coogan, directed by Eddie Cline, produced by Sol Lesser and Jackie Coogan's own production company, and distributed through Associated First National Pictures. It is based on the 1877 novel Toby Tyler; or, Ten Weeks with a Circus by James Otis.

## Cast

* Jackie Coogan as Toby Tyler
* Barbara Tennant as Ann Tyler
* Russell Simpson as Eben Holt
* Claire McDowell as Martha
* Cesare Gravina as Luigi, the Clown
* Peaches Jackson as Jeannette
* Sam De Grasse as Lord the Concessionaire
* DeWitt Jennings as Daly
* Nellie Lane as Fat Woman
* William Barlow as Human Skeleton, 'World's Skinniest Man'

## Preservation status

Circus Days had been considered a lost film, but a print survived in Russia. It was digitally presented to the Library of Congress from Russian archive Godmosfilm in 2010 along with several other lost silent films.
# Fagraea berteroana

Fagraea berteroana (orth. variant F. berteriana), commonly known as the pua keni keni, pua kenikeni or perfume flower tree, is a small spreading tree or a large shrub. It is known as the pua-lulu in the Samoan Islands, and as pua in Tonga and Tahiti.
It is native to the tropical Pacific, ranging from Queensland and Papuasia (New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands) to Micronesia (Caroline Islands, Gilbert Islands, and Marianas), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, and parts of Polynesia (Cook Islands, Marquesas, Nauru, Niue, Samoan Islands, Society Islands, Tonga, Tubuai Islands, and Wallis and Futuna).
The ITIS database clarifies the spelling of the name ("Published as "berteriana" in honor of Bertero; correctable to "berteroana,"..).

## Description

The plant has quad-angular branches, blunt tipped leaves, and fragrant 7 cm tubular shaped flowers of creamy white, which become yellow with time.

## Cultural use

It was introduced to Hawaii, where the flowers are popular for making lei. The tree's name, in Hawaiian, means "ten cent flower", referring to the sale price for a single flower in the past.

## Gallery

* Stem and leaves
* Flower, fruit and leaves
* Ripe and unripe fruits
* Flowers and flower buds
* Crown
* White and orange flowers
# A. K. Clarke

A. K. Clarke was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1889 to 1891.
# Anarchists (film)

Anarchists is a 2000 South Korean action film directed by Yoo Young-sik and co-written by Park Chan-wook. Set in Shanghai in 1924, the film is about the Heroic Corps: a covert cell of insurrectionist anarchists who attempt to overthrow the Japanese government's occupation of Korea through propaganda of the deed. Told from the perspective of the youngest member, Sang-gu, years after the fact, the story is a sympathetic look at a group of revolutionaries through the eyes of one of their own.

## Plot

In the opening scene the protagonist begins to reminisce about his youth and remembers the day he was saved from execution in a raid performed by the anarchist cell he would later join. After reaching a safe house the group begins to teach him the tricks of their trade. He later takes part in several missions, though he continues to have difficulty throughout the film with the violence of his new job.
Eventually a string of tragic events strike the team. One of their members is fatally betrayed during a mission, leading to their covers being blown during the next. Now wanted by the Japanese and Chinese authorities, their funders turn away from them and instead choose to support socialist electoral politics to further their cause. This angers the group, and they leave the larger organization, attempting to survive on their own by earning money through gambling and bank robbery. Over time the group becomes agitated with simply scraping by and several voice a desire to return to their old ways of clandestine warfare. They collectively decide to strike at the Japanese government in a high-profile attack, leading up to a dramatic finale.

## Cast

* Jang Dong-gun as Sergei
* Jung Joon-ho as Lee Geun
* Kim Sang-joong as Han Myung-gon
* Lee Beom-soo as Dol-suk
* Kim In-kwon as Sang-gu
* Ye Ji-won as Kaneko

## Production notes and historical significance

Anarchists was the first Korean and Chinese co-production in the history of Korean cinema. The project was put together through the efforts of the Korean Film Commission and the international exchange division of the city of Busan, using connections they had been developing in Shanghai. The film was shot entirely in China over a period of three months in Shanghai and in towns nearby, with a budget of US$3,000,000. For Anarchists, the production team worked with a Chinese-based A-level staff who participated in the production of Chen Kaige's Farewell My Concubine and Temptress Moon. The actors and the core production staff came from Korea, while the production design, elaborate sets, supporting talent and hundreds of extras were supplied by the Shanghai Film Studio.
The film was co-winner of the audience choice award at the 2001 Cinequest Film Festival.
# Umut Gündoğan

Umut Gündoğan (born 12 June 1990) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Olympic Charleroi.

## Club career

In August 2021, Gündoğan signed with Olympic Charleroi after having been a free agent for more than a year.

## International career

Gündoğan made his debut for the Turkish A2 national team on 5 March 2014.

## Honours
### Galatasaray

* Türkiye Kupası: 2013–14