OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Isle La Motte Light

The Isle La Motte Light in Vermont is an iron lighthouse at the northern end of Isle La Motte in Lake Champlain. It is one of several lights on the lake which were reactivated in their original structures early in the 21st century.

## History

This light, together with the Windmill Point Light, forms something of a range marking the center of the channel in this section of the lake. A light was placed here as early as 1829; some sources state it was initially a lantern simply hung in a tree, but all agree that it was soon hung in an upper story window of a stone house (still standing today).
In 1856 the Lighthouse Board purchased a small plot and erected a stone pyramid on it, with a lantern placed at its peak. This light was first lit in 1857 and was tended by a local farmer rather than by a dedicated keeper. The farmer lived at some distance from the light, and there were constant problems with the lamp being extinguished on stormy nights.
After requests through the first part of the decade, a permanent light station was established, with a round cast iron tower and a wooden keeper's house. This tower was of the same design as used in a number of smaller lights in the area, and its sixth-order Fresnel lens was lighted for the first time in 1881. Like many other Lake Champlain lights, it was supplanted in the 1930s by a separate skeleton tower with an acetylene beacon. As was also typically the case, however, the tower and keeper's house passed into private hands.
Ironically, the cost-saving measure proved to be a maintenance drain in later years; by the turn of the century, the steel towers erected in the 1930s were in need of substantial repair or replacement. By this time the old light belonged to members of the Clark family, which also owned the Windmill Point Light. As with the latter, discussion with the Coast Guard led to placement of a new solar-powered beacon in the old tower in 2002. The tower was at one time painted red, but it has faded to a distinctive salmon pink color (sometime called "Nantucket red").
# Ibanez K7

The Ibanez K7 series is a signature series of seven-string guitars used by Korn guitarists James "Munky" Shaffer and Brian "Head" Welch.

## Specifications

The K7 guitars were originally available in two finishes, Firespeak Blue (James "Munky" Shaffer's model), and Blade Gray (Brian "Head" Welch's model). They came factory tuned to KoRn signature tuning: A, D, G, C, F, A, D (low to high), and were retailed at USD 1,799. These guitars are characterized by the deep metallic sound, from the body being made of mahogany that is well suited for Korn's musical style. The last year of production on these particular models was 2006.
In 2007 Ibanez released new versions of Korn's signature series as the Apex. There are two models linked to Munky only, however K7s can still be seen played by Munky in live performances.
Although 7-string guitars were not used for recording his debut album Save Me from Myself, Welch had continued to use his original K7s as his exclusive signature guitar, even during his almost eight-year absence from Korn.
# Christia obcordata

Christia obcordata is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. The plant is notable for its butterfly-shaped leaves. C. obcordata is used medicinally in Japan and Indonesia to treat urinary blockages. It was also evaluated as a means to treat malaria in 2007, but was found to be ineffective.

## Alternative names

* Butterfly plant
* Butterfly leaf
* Iron butterfly
* Butterfly stripe
* Swallowtail
# Recceswinth

Recceswinth (died 1 September 672) was the Visigothic King of Hispania and Septimania in 649–672. He ruled jointly with his father Chindaswinth until his father's death in 653.

## Name

His Gothic name is believed to have been *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (*Raikaswinþs), from the roots reiks ("king") and swinþs ("strong"). His votive crown used the Latin spelling RECCESVINTHVS. Other Latin spellings include Recceswinthus, Recesvindus. In English his name is also spelled Reccesuinth, Recceswint, Reccaswinth; Spanish Recesvinto; Portuguese Recesvindo; German Rekkeswint; French Réceswinthe.

## Reign

Under Recceswinth, the Visigothic Kingdom enjoyed an unbroken peace for 19 years (653–672) — except for a brief rebellion of the Vascons, led by a noble named "Froya," an exiled Goth, who fleeing the monarch’s persecutions had settled, like many others, in Basque territory. Froya and the Vascons ravaged the lands of the Ebro Valley, looted churches, murdered clerics, and laid siege to the city of Saragossa. Recceswinth reacted, broke the siege, and killed Froya".
Beginning in 654 Recceswinth was responsible for the promulgation of a law code, Liber Iudiciorum, to replace the Breviary of Alaric; he placed a Visigothic common law over both Goths and Hispano-Romans in the kingdom. This Liber Iudiciorum showed little Germanic influence, adhering more closely to the old Roman laws. In his general law code of 654, he outlawed a set of essential Jewish practices, including male circumcision, dietary laws (kashrut), marriage laws and ceremonies, and the celebration of Passover.
Moreover, the church councils in the Visigothic capital Toledo (Toletum) became the most powerful force in the government and the bishops were the primary support of the monarchy. Will Durant wrote in The Age of Faith: "By their superior education and organization they dominated the nobles who sat with them in the ruling councils of Toledo; and though the king's authority was theoretically absolute, and he chose the bishops, these councils elected him, and exacted pledges of policy in advance."
Recceswinth died on 1 September 672, just before the first Arab raid on Hispania Baetica.

## Votive crown of Recceswinth

The votive crown of Recceswinth is an example of Visigothic art made in Hispania. It was found in the Treasure of Guarrazar, a goldsmith's treasure made up of crowns and crosses that several kings of Toledo offered in their time as a gesture of the orthodoxy of their faith and their submission to the ecclesiastical hierarchy; the treasure was found between 1858 and 1861 at the archaeological site called Huerta de Guarrazar, located in the city of Guadamur, near Toledo.
The votive crown of Recceswinth is in Madrid's National Archaeological Museum of Spain. Among the crowns, made of gold and precious stones, it is the one that attracts the most attention because of the exquisite workmanship of its goldsmithery, with gemstones suspended beneath the filigree Latin letters hanging from its base, which read: RECCESVINTHVS REX OFFERET ("King Receswinth offered it").
# Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kouchi

Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kouchi (Persian: محمدرضا رضایی کوچی) is an Iranian politician who represents Jahrom and Khafr in the Islamic Consultative Assembly since 2008. He is the head of the civil commission of the parliament.

## Electoral history

| Year | Election | Votes | % | Rank | Notes |
| 2008 | Parliament | 36,851 | 57.54 | 1st | Won |
| 2012 | Parliament | 53,575 | 54.22 | 1st | Won |
| 2016 | Parliament | 53,882 | 50.19 | 1st | Won |
| 2020 | Parliament | 39,940 | 50.05 | 1st | Won |

## Career

Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kouchi, one of the prominent figures of Iranian politics, has been a representative of Jahrom and Khafar constituencies in the Iranian Parliament since 2008, has devoted her political activity to the empowerment of local communities and the development of the country.
# Edoardo Perroncito

Edoardo Bellarmino Perroncito (10 March 1847, Viale in the Province of Asti – 4 November 1936) was an Italian parasitologist. He was the father of pathologist Aldo Perroncito (1882–1929).
He earned his degree in veterinary medicine, and in 1879 he became a professor of parasitology to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Turin.
Remembered for his extensive research of Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), in 1880 he determined that hookworm was the cause of anemia being suffered by workmen building the St. Gotthard railway tunnel. He was the first to recommend using an extract of the Male Fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) as a remedy for the disease. In 1878 he identified the highly contagious disease of domestic fowl which is considered to be the first historical record of avian influenza (initially known as a fowl plague).

## Selected writings

* L'anemia dei contadini, fornaciai e minatori in rapporto coll'attuale epidemia negli operai del Gottardo. Studi ed osservazioni, profilassi e cura, 1881 - The anemia of farmers, miners and kiln workers in relation to the epidemic of the St. Gotthard workers. Study and observation, prevention and remedy.
* La Tubercolosi dei bovini in rapporto alla tubercolosi umana, 1903 - Tuberculosis in cattle in relation to human tuberculosis.
* La malattia dei minatori, dal S. Gottardo al Sempione, una questione risolta, 1909 - The disease of miners, St. Gotthard to Simplon, a settled issue.
# Ab-e Garm, Ganjabad

Ab-e Garm (Persian: ابگرم, also Romanized as Āb-e Garm; also known as Ab Garm Nazdike Bahram Abad) is a village in Ganjabad Rural District, Esmaili District, Anbarabad County, Kerman province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33, in 6 families.
# Grobiņa Parish

Grobiņa Parish (Latvian: Grobiņas pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 2,836 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 131.4 square kilometres (50.7 sq mi). The parish administrative center is Dubeņi [lv].
From 2009 to 2021 the parish was a part of Grobiņa Municipality.

## Villages of Grobiņa Parish

* Ālande
* Āres
* Cimdenieki
* Dubeņi
* Gūžas
* Iļģi
* Keramika
* Robežnieki
* Rolava
* Tilti
* Vītiņi
* This Courland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* ↑ "Reģionu, novadu, pilsētu un pagastu kopējā un sauszemes platība gada sākumā". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
* ↑ "Iedzīvotāju skaits pēc tautības reģionos, pilsētās, novados, pagastos, apkaimēs un blīvi apdzīvotās teritorijās gada sākumā (pēc administratīvi teritoriālās reformas 2021. gadā)". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
# Radical substitution

In organic chemistry, a radical-substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate.
The reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third.
In the first step called initiation (2,3), a free radical is created by homolysis. Homolysis can be brought about by heat or ultraviolet light, but also by radical initiators such as organic peroxides or azo compounds. UV Light is used to create two free radicals from one diatomic species. The final step is called termination (6,7), in which the radical recombines with another radical species. If the reaction is not terminated, but instead the radical group(s) go on to react further, the steps where new radicals are formed and then react are collectively known as propagation (4,5). This is because a new radical is created, able to participate in secondary reactions.

## Radical substitution reactions

In free radical halogenation reactions, radical substitution takes place with halogen reagents and alkane substrates. Another important class of radical substitutions involve aryl radicals. One example is the hydroxylation of benzene by Fenton's reagent. Many oxidation and reduction reactions in organic chemistry have free radical intermediates, for example the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with chromic acid. Coupling reactions can also be considered radical substitutions. Certain aromatic substitutions takes place by radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Auto-oxidation is a process responsible for deterioration of paints and food, as well as production of certain lab hazards such as diethyl ether peroxide.
More radical substitutions are listed below:
* The Barton–McCombie deoxygenation involves substitution of a hydroxyl group for a proton.
* The Wohl–Ziegler reaction involves allylic bromination of alkenes.
* The Hunsdiecker reaction converts silver salts of carboxylic acids to alkyl halides.
* The Dowd–Beckwith reaction involves ring expansion of cyclic β-keto esters.
* The Barton reaction involves synthesis of nitrosoalcohols from nitrites.
* The Minisci reaction involves generation of an alkyl radical from a carboxylic acid and a silver salt, and subsequent substitution at an aromatic compound
# Abhishek Tiwari

Abhishek Tiwari (born 7 December 1988) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Services in the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 19 September 2018.
# Brett Easterbrook

Brett Easterbrook (born October 10, 1963) is an American politician in Alabama. Easterbrook is a Republican member of Alabama House of Representatives for District 65.

## Education

Easterbrook earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Auburn University in 1989.

## Career

Before entering politics, Easterbrook worked as an accountant for Mauldin & Jenkins from 1989 to 1991. He then worked as a contractor for Easterbrook Homes from 2005 to 2009.
Currently, he is on the Education Policy Committee, Insurance Committee, State Government Committee, and the Transportation, Infrastructure and Utilities Committee in the Alabama House of Representatives.

## Personal life

Easterbrook was born in Casper, Wyoming on October 10, 1963. Currently he resides in Four Point, Alabama with his wife, Betsy.
# Shahida Badsha

Shahida Badsha is a retired major general of the Pakistan Army. She is the former principal of Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. She was awarded Hilal-e-Imtiaz military.

## Early life and education

She is daughter of R.G.L.G. Badsha who also retired as major general. Badsha did her MBBS from Khyber Medical College in 1977. She received MCPS, HPE on 18 December 2016.

## Career

She is the second female general of Pakistan, after Shahida Malik, and first female commandant of Army Medical College.
# Doultabad, Bishnupur

Doultabad is a village within the jurisdiction of the Bishnupur police station in the Bishnupur I CD block in the Alipore Sadar subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Area overview

The Alipore Sadar subdivision is the most urbanized part of the South 24 Parganas district. 59.85% of the population lives in the urban areas and 40.15% lives in the rural areas. In the southern portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 15 census towns. The entire district is situated in the Ganges Delta and the subdivision, on the east bank of the Hooghly River, is an alluvial stretch, with industrial development.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Location

Doultabad is located at 22°21′28″N 88°17′59″E﻿ / ﻿22.3578°N 88.2998°E﻿ / 22.3578; 88.2998. It has an average elevation of 9 metres (30 ft).

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Doultabad had a total population of 3,649, of which 1,798 (49%) were males and 1,851 (51%) were females. There were 401 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Doultabad was 2,591 (79.77% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport

Baruipur-Amtala Road links Doultabad to the National Highway 12.

## Healthcare

Chandi Doultabad Block Primary Health Centre, with 10 beds, at Doultabad (PO Nepalganj), is the major government medical facility in the Bishnupur I CD block.
# Rachowice

Rachowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sośnicowice, within Gliwice County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Sośnicowice, 14 km (9 mi) west of Gliwice, and 37 km (23 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.

## Etymology

The name of the village is of Polish origin and comes from the word rak, which means "crayfish".

## History

The village was founded in the 13th century within fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. Later on, it fell to Bohemia (Czechia) and Prussia. In 1861, it had a population of 645. In 1871, it became part of the German Empire. In the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite, 69.5% of the residents voted to rejoin Poland, which just regained independence following World War I, however the village remained within Germany in the interbellum. In 1936, during a massive Nazi campaign of renaming of placenames, the village was renamed to Buchenlust to erase traces of Polish origin.
During World War II, the Germans operated the E149 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the village. British prisoners of war were engaged in forestry work. In January 1945 the prisoners of war were evacuated on foot, in extreme winter weather conditions, and had to march for four months in a generally westward direction, until liberated by Allied forces. Following the war, in 1945, the village became again part of Poland and its historic name was restored.
# Michael Watt (physician)

Michael Herbert Watt CBE (16 March 1887 – 7 April 1967) was a New Zealand physician and public health administrator.

## Early life and education

Watt was born in Green Island, Otago, the 11th child of Michael Watt, a Presbyterian minister who taught at Presbyterian Theological College in Dunedin, and his wife, Isabella Shand, both of whom were from Scotland. He was educated at Otago Boys' High School and earned MB and ChB degrees from the University of Otago in 1910. After a year of clinical experience in London, Wolverhampton and Dublin, he received his MD in 1912. In the mid-1910s, he earned a Diploma in Public Health from the same university, the second person to do so.

## Career

Watt was in private practice in Ngāruawāhia from 1911. In 1914 he became a demonstrator in physiology at the University of Otago, and in 1915 an instructor in anatomy. The following year, he left this position to become a part-time district health officer in the Department of Public Health, and in 1917 became district health officer in Wellington, the first holder of such a position born and trained in New Zealand.
After the 1920 departmental reforms, Watt became the first director of the Division of Public Health, and in 1925 he became deputy director general of health and in 1930, director general, succeeding Thomas Valintine. With the outbreak of the Second World War, in 1939 he was appointed to chair a wartime medical advisory committee and in 1942 as controller of the Hospitals Emergency Precautions Service. He retired in 1947. From 1948 to 1947, he was UNICEF's regional director for Southeast Asia; appointed in 1949 to head the Far East mission, he was unable to take up the post after a medical examination led to his being diagnosed with chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
Moulded by the 1913 smallpox epidemic and by study tours of Japan and North America in 1925 and of North America, Britain and Scandinavia in 1938, Watt was a strong advocate of immunisation, tuberculosis eradication, health and dietary education and industrial health and safety. He played a major role in establishing the Journal of the New Zealand Branch of the Royal Sanitary Institute (1934), the Medical Research Council of New Zealand (1937) and the South Pacific Board of Health (1944), and laid the groundwork for the establishment of the National Health Institute.

## Honours

In the 1935 King's Birthday Honours, Watt was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services to public health.

## Personal life and death

Watt married Mary Roberta McCahon in 1913 at Timaru; they had two sons, both of whom also entered medicine; his elder son, James Watt, was the first professor of paediatrics in New Zealand. He died in Wellington on 7 April 1967.
# Stondon Massey

Stondon Massey is a village and civil parish in the Brentwood district of Essex, England. The village is to the north of Brentwood, between Blackmore and Doddinghurst.
Stondon Massey hosts an annual fete on the village green. In 2006 the village was named Winner of Group 4 Best Kept Village in Essex competition.

## Etymology and history

Stondon means "stone hill", a Saxon settlement was established near to the site of the 12th-century church of St Peter's & St Paul's, where William Byrd, the Tudor composer is likely to be buried. A low gravel hill was known as a ‘down’. Hence the name Stondon. Massey is derived from the surname of Serlo de Marcy, a Norman knight who lived in Marks Hall, Margaret Roding.
There have been three successive manor houses, the oldest of which is Stondon Hall, near the church. The north wing of the Hall is probably of the 15th century, and there is some 16th- and 17th-century panelling inside. Stondon Place, originally a farmhouse, was rebuilt about 1707, and again after a fire, about 1880. From 1593 to 1623, it was the home of William Byrd, the musician.
The church of St Peter and St Paul retains the nave and chancel and some of the original round-headed arches of 1100. There is a brass of 1570 to John Carre, Ironmonger and Merchant Adventurer of London, with figures of himself and his two wives, and another, of 1573, to Rainold Hollingsworth. Nathaniel Ward, Rector of Stondon from 1623 to 1633, was deprived of his living for non-conformity. He subsequently emigrated to New England and helped draft the 1641 Code of Laws for Massachusetts.
The main part of the village is now just over a mile to the south of the church probably due to the plague of 1350. Stondon Massey is still mainly rural, but there has been some suburban building during the past 30 years.

## Political

The village forms part of the Tipps Cross ward of Brentwood Council. It also forms part of the "Five Parishes", being Stondon Massey, Blackmore, Kelvedon Hatch, Navestock and Doddinghurst. These are all covered by the voluntary first aiders, The Five Parishes First Response.

## Sport

A short lived greyhound racing grass circuit track was opened on Brook Farm in 1928. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks. The track known as Stondon and Blackmore hosted racing for two summers and was well attended.