# Bhagalpur

Bhagalpur, historically known as Champa Nagri, is a city in the Indian state of Bihar, situated on the southern bank of the Ganges river. It is the third largest city of Bihar by population and also serves the headquarters of Bhagalpur district, Bhagalpur division, and Eastern Range. It is known as the Silk City and also listed for development under the Smart Cities Mission by Government of India. It is the only district in Bihar after capital city Patna where three major higher educational institutions IIIT Bhagalpur, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, TMBU, and Agriculture University (BAU) are located and also Vikramshila Central University is under construction next to the ruins of the medieval Vikramshila Mahavihara. Bhagalpur Railway Station serves the city. The river around city is home to the Gangetic dolphin, the National Aquatic Animal of India, and the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is established near the town. The city holds the largest Manasa Puja and one of the largest processions in Kali Puja, an intangible cultural heritage of the region.

## Geography
### Climate

Climate data for Bhagalpur (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.9 (89.4) | 35.8 (96.4) | 43.2 (109.8) | 45.3 (113.5) | 46.4 (115.5) | 46.0 (114.8) | 42.3 (108.1) | 39.7 (103.5) | 38.6 (101.5) | 40.0 (104.0) | 37.4 (99.3) | 32.2 (90.0) | 46.4 (115.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.5 (70.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | 37.4 (99.3) | 37.4 (99.3) | 36.0 (96.8) | 33.3 (91.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.3 (90.1) | 28.7 (83.7) | 23.7 (74.7) | 31.3 (88.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) | 15.8 (60.4) | 20.7 (69.3) | 24.6 (76.3) | 26.5 (79.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.6 (79.9) | 24.3 (75.7) | 19.2 (66.6) | 14.4 (57.9) | 22.0 (71.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 10.8 (51.4) | 13.1 (55.6) | 14.5 (58.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 20.1 (68.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 11.1 (52.0) | 3.9 (39.0) | 3.9 (39.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 12.3 (0.48) | 9.9 (0.39) | 11.2 (0.44) | 25.4 (1.00) | 84.1 (3.31) | 176.2 (6.94) | 294.5 (11.59) | 239.1 (9.41) | 223.3 (8.79) | 75.2 (2.96) | 4.9 (0.19) | 5.6 (0.22) | 1,161.6 (45.73) |
| Average rainy days | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 13.9 | 11.5 | 9.6 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 56.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 73 | 61 | 50 | 48 | 57 | 68 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 73 | 69 | 73 | 67 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department ||||||||||||||

### Flora and fauna
#### Greater adjutant (Garuda)

Greater adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius), a member of the stork family, associated with the mythical bird Garuda, has a Rescue and Rehabilitation Area located in Bhagalpur, the second largest of its kind. Loss of nesting habitat and feeding sites through drainage, pollution and disturbance, together with hunting and egg collection, caused a massive dip in the population of the species. Garuda birds were first spotted nesting and breeding on a silk cotton tree near a village in the Ganga-Diara area in Bhagalpur in 2007. In May 2006, 42 birds were seen by the Mandar Nature Club team for the first time. Prior to this, the species had never been seen in Bihar during its breeding period. Four years after these endangered birds of the stork family started nesting and breeding in Bhagalpur district, their number eventually increased, from 78 to over 500, making Bhagalpur one of only three places to host Garudas; the others being Cambodia and Assam.
The greater adjutant is classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List 2004 of threatened species and listed under Schedule IV of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. This huge stork has a naked pink head, a very thick yellow bill and a low-hanging neck pouch. The neck ruff is white. The bird looks like a vulture. Other than the pale grey edge on each wing, the rest of the greater adjutant's body is dark grey. Younglings have a narrower bill, thicker down on the head and neck, and entirely dark wings. A Garuda bird measures 145–150 cm (about three feet) in length and four to five feet in height.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 India census, the Bhagalpur Urban Agglomeration has a population of 410,210, of which 218,284 were males and 191,926 were females. It is the 3rd largest city in Bihar in terms of urban population. The total population in the age group of 0 to 6 years is 55,898. The total number of literates are 286,125, with 160,720 males and 125,405 females. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population is 80.76%, of which while the male literacy rate is 84.95% with women at 75.95%.

### Religion

Hinduism is the majority religion in Bhagalpur City with about 70% of the population following it, than followed by Islam with 29% adherants. It also has a small minority of Jains and Christians.

### Language

Angika is the native and regional language in Bhagalpur, followed by Hindi and Urdu.

## Local attractions
### Kali Puja

Kali Puja is one of the most important festivals in and around the region. Several Kali Temples and Puja Mandaps are decked up on Deepawali to worship Kalika. The procession after the Puja is so long that it takes 36 hours to complete one big phase of Murti Bisarjan. Kali Puja holds the cultural significance of the Anga Region. The procession after the Puja is the intangible cultural asset to the city.

### Sati Behula

In medieval Bengali literature, Mansamangal is projected has heroine and a goddess. In the period from the thirteenth to the eighteenth century, many works based on this story were made. The religious purpose of these works was to render the importance of goddess Manasa, but these works are more known for the pious love of Behula and her husband Lakhander (Lakhindar or Lakshinder). This is the story of Bihula-Bishhari from Champa, the capital of Anga, presently Champapuri in Bhagalpur district. However, this is not just a mythological story, the evidence of the metal house created by Vishvakarma on order of Chand Sadagar for Behula and her husband Lakhander to protect from Mansa is still been seen and reported when there is heavy rain in the region.

### Budhanath Temple

Spread over three acres Budhanath Temple is located on the banks of the Uttarvahini Ganga (flowing from south to north) River. Being one of the oldest temples in the region, it witnesses influx of devotees throughout the year. It is about twenty minutes from the main town. Reference of Baba Budhanath can be found in Shiva Purana as Baba Bal Vridheshwarnath. Also, this name has been stated in the first segment of the eighth segments of Shiva Purana. The lingam of this place of worship is self-incarnated nevertheless as to when it came into being is still unknown. Idol of Ma Bhavani can be seen beside the Shivalinga or Lingam.

### Shri Champapur Digamber Jain Temple

Champapur is an ancient and historic Teerth Kshetra of Jainism. It is the place where all the five Kalyanaks i.e., Garbha, Janam, Tapa, KevalGyan and Moksha Kalyanak of Bhagwan Vasupujya, the 12th Jain Teerthankar, have taken place. Champapur was the capital of Anga Janpada, one of the 52 Janapadas established by Adi Teerthankar Bhagwan Rishabh Deo. Champapur also existed as Mahajanapada among the six Mahajanapadas during the time of Bhagwan Mahavira Swami.
The three Chaturmas of Bhagwan Mahavira Swami during his Dikshakal, religious propagation centre of Anga-Banga-Magadh-Vaishali, test of modesty of Sati Subhadra and Anantmati, Aahardan to Bhagwan Mahaveer Swami by Sati Chandan Bala have taken place in Champapur. Champapur is also related to great stories of 'origin of Harivansha, Shripal-Mainasundari, Shri Dharma Ghosh Muni, King Karna of Mahabharata, King Mudrak and great architect Vishvakarman’.
The main temple of Champapur Siddha Kshetra is quite ancient (about 2500 years). This temple being symbolic of 'Panch Kalyanaka' is adorned with 5 altars, magnificent spire and 2 columns of fame. It is said that there were 4 'Columns of Fame (Keerti Stambha)’ which existed in four corners of the campus of the temple. Later on the 2 out of 4 were destroyed in the earthquake of year 1934 & repair (Jirnoddhar) of other 2 columns was done in 1938. The 'Columns of Fame' are about 2200 years ancient.

### Khanqah-e-Shahbazia

Founded in 1577 AD, the Khanqah-e-Shahbazia is one of the most revered shrines of Bhagalpur. It houses the grave of Maulana Shahbaz, a saint whose 13th-generation descendants still run the place. Maulana Shahbaz Rahmatullah is considered one of the 40 Sufi saints sent to spread the message of Allah. The Sajjadah Nasheen (direct descendant of the saint) is supposed to spend his life within the confines of the Khanqah and take care of its management, lead prayers and offer spiritual services. It is said that they are exempted from appearing in a court of law.
The Mosque was built by Aurangzeb and was frequently visited by him. Every Thursday, visitors assemble at the place to be blessed. Most of the visitors are said to be from the eastern parts of India and Bangladesh. There is a belief that the water in a pond here has medicinal qualities that can cure illness and snake bites. Archeological Survey of India has discovered some ancient manuscripts from the basement of Khanqah e Shahbazia.
The Khanqah is also famous for its library, which has a vast collection of Arabic and Persian theological texts, including a copy of the Qur’an transcribed by Murshid Quli Khan, the Nawab of Murshidabad, Bengal.

## River

There are many rivers which cross the Bhagalpur Border. They are:-
* Ganga River- The Ganga is the most Scared River in India, It Flows through Bhagalpur.
* Kosi River: The Koshi River, also known as the "Sorrow of Bihar," is a major river that flows near Bhagalpur.
* Ghaghara River: The Ghaghara River, also called the Karmali River, is another significant river in the region.
* Gandak River: The Gandak River, also known as the Narayani River, flows through parts of Bihar, including Bhagalpur.
* Chanan River-: An important river which flows through Bhagalpur and Banka Districts of Bihar, the adjoining area is known as Chanan Basin and is famous for the Katarni Rice.

## Education

* Indian Institute of Information Technology(IIIT), Bhagalpur
* Bihar Agricultural University(BAU), Sabour, Bhagalpur
* Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College & Hospital (JLNMCH), Mayaganj, Bhagalpur
* Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University (TMBU), Bhagalpur
* Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology-CSTS, Bhagalpur
* NTPC Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur
* Software Technology Park(STPI), Bhagalpur
* Vikramshila Central University, Bhagalpur (proposed)
* Bhagalpur College of Engineering(BCE), Bhagalpur
* Marwari College, Bhagalpur
* St Paul's School Nathnagar Bhagalpur
* D.A.V. Public School
* Saint Joseph's School
* Mount Assisi School
* Mount Carmel School
* T.N.B. College, Bhagalpur

## Media

Print media include the Hindi Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar, Aaj, Hindustan (under Hindustan Times) and Prabhat Khabar; the Urdu The Inquilab and Taasir, while English Times of India, The Telegraph and Hindustan Times are also available.
Broadcast media include All India Radio (Frequency 1458 kHz, 1206 kHz) 90.4 FM Radio Active (Bhagalpur), and AIR FM Rainbow India 100.1.M, sadhna plus news channel
Telecommunications services include BSNL, Airtel, Vodafone Idea, Reliance Jio.
Airtel, Jio, BSNL and Sify are providing broadband services in this region.

## Notable people

* Ajit Pal Mangat – Indian film director.
* Alexander Dow – Died at Bhagalpur was an orientalist, writer, playwright and army officer in the East India Company
* Anand Mohan Sahay – General Secretary in INA with Netaji. Ambassador in seven different countries.
* Ashis Nandy – Indian political psychologist, a social theorist, and a contemporary cultural and political critic.
* Ashok Kumar – Hindi Indian movie actor.
* Ashwini Kumar Choubey – BJP politician. Ex health minister of Bihar.
* Aisha Sharma - Actress, Bollywood, Sister of Neha Sharma
* Aparajita Sarangi - Member of Parliament and IAS officer who brought in Bhagalpur
* Ajit Sharma – Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly from Bhagalpur constituency.
* Buddhadev Das Gupta -Indian classical musician
* B. J. Choubey – Professor in the Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University
* Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay – Pen name Banaphool, Bengali writer.
* Bhagwat Jha Azad – Former Chief minister of Bihar
* Chunchun Prasad Yadav - Three consecutive times MP from Bhagalpur
* Chandan Kushwaha, IPS officer of Bihar cadre.
* Dibyendu Palit – Bengali writer
* Francis David Millet Brown-British Indian Army officer
* George Francis Brown - East India Company, and Commissioner of Bhagalpur
* George Heenan - New Zealand cricketer, schoolteacher and geologist
* Gorelal Manishi
* Gurmeet Choudhary – Indian television actor, model and dancer.
* Kadambini Ganguly – Daughter of Braja Kishore Bose, headmaster of Bhagalpur School, was India's one of the first women graduates and Doctor was born in Bhagalpur.
* Lutfur Rahman – Urdu poet
* Marco della Tomba - . He died in Bhagalpur
* Maharani Chakravorty - Indian molecular biologist
* Mehi - saint
* Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri -Muslim scholar
* Nandalal Bose – Artist
* Neha Sharma – Hindi & South-Indian movie actress.
* Nishikant Dubey
* Pritish Nandy – Poet, painter, journalist, politician, television personality, animal activist and film producer.
* Rabindra Kumar Rana – Politician, Member of the 14th Lok Sabha.
* Raj Kamal Jha – Chief Editor, The Indian Express; author and novelist
* Ramjee Singh – Book edited - Gandhi's centenary number, T.N.B . college, Bhagalpur University, 1970
* Raveesh Kumar - Indian ambassador to Finland, former spokesperson of Ministry of External Affairs in Government of India.
* Rajesh Verma (Khagaria politician)
* William St Clair Grant -Scottish international rugby player, born in Bhaugulpore, Bengal, India.
* William Vansittart - British politician born in Bhagalpur
* Sanjay Jha – Former CEO of Global Foundries.
* Saratchandra Chattopadhyay – Famous Bengali novelist. The novel Srikanth is based on Bhagalpur.
* Suchitra Bhattacharya – Acclaimed Indian novelist was born in Bhagalpur on 10 January 1950.
* Syed Shahnawaz Hussain – BJP leader
* Saeedullah Khan – Deputy Chief of Air Staff Pakistan Air Force
* Tapan Sinha – Film director
* Tilka Manjhi – First Santhal freedom fighter.

## Regional/Zonal offices in Bhagalpur

* India Post East Region Bhagalpur
* Zonal Accounts Office, CBDT (Bhagalpur)
* State Bank of India
* Bank of India
* Union Bank of India
* UCO Bank
* Indian Bank (Allahabad Bank)
* Punjab National Bank Circle Office
* Airtel Zonal Office
* LIC Divisional Office
* Bihar School Examination Board
* Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority(BIADA)
* Bihar State Pollution Control Board
* Employees' Provident Fund Organisation(EPFO) Sub-Regional Office, Bhagalpur
* MSME office Bhagalpur
* Regional Forensic science laboratory
* Regional Water Treatment Laboratory
* Regional Dairy Development Office
* National Career Service(NCS) Regional office
* Environment And Forest Division Bhagalpur