OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Mermaids (Kramskoi)

The Mermaids (also known as Drowned Maidens, Russian: Русалки ) is an 1871 oil on canvas by the Russian artist Ivan Kramskoi.
It depicts nineteen rusalki, who, according to Slavic mythology, were river or lake spirits who appeared at night in the form of young women. Some versions of the myths describe them as spirits who had died unbaptised or unmarried, or had drowned themselves following an unrequited love. They would emerge from the water at night to sing and dance. They fulfilled a similar folkloric role to sirens; often enchanting young men before luring them to their deaths at the bottom of the water.
The painting is held in the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

## Literary sources

The painting is based around works by Alexander Pushkin and Nikolai Gogol's 1831 fantastic story "A May Night, or The Drowned Maiden," and shows that despite the realist principles of the newly formed Peredvizhniki movement in which Kramskoi was a leading light, the artist continued to be interested in more Romantic fantasy and fairy-tale subject matter.

## Description

The painting is set at night and is almost entirely without colour. The women occupy the centre mid-ground of the painting and are lit from high above the left hand of the canvas, presumably by the moon. The source of light throws shadow inconsistently.
Most of the women are huddled together in a row, while some are at the edge of the bank or alone to the right seemingly lost in their own thoughts. In the left foreground the last of Kramskoi's rusalki is emerging from among the reeds, while in the background one of the women wrings out the water from her hair. The water bank is at the foot of a steep hill and surrounded by deep forest to the right. At the top of the small hill and to the right background is a small, seemingly unoccupied cabin. The subject matter and composition is likely to have been influenced by the work of the Hungarian painter and designer Hans Makart.
# Lower Reservoir

Lower Reservoir is a small reservoir in Otsego County, New York, located north of Oneonta. It is the source of municipal water for the City of Oneonta. Lower Reservoir drains south via Oneonta Creek which flows into the Susquehanna River.
# Lebanese International University (Yemen)

Lebanese International University is a university located in the Hadda neighborhood of the southern outskirts of Sana'a, Yemen. It is located south of the Lebanon Heart Hospital and west by road from Aljabowbi Castle. It is a branch of the Lebanese International University, founded in Beqaa.
# Portrait of an Unknown Woman

Portrait of an Unknown Woman, also known as The Unknown Woman, An Unknown Lady or Stranger (Russian: Неизвестная, romanized: Neizvestnaya) is an oil painting by the Russian artist Ivan Kramskoi, painted in 1883. The model, whose identity is unknown, is a woman of "quiet strength and forthright gaze". It is one of Russia's best-known artworks, although a number of critics were indignant when the painting was first exhibited and condemned what they saw as a depiction of a haughty and immoral woman. Its popularity has grown with changes in public taste.
The painting hangs in the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, while an earlier version, also dated 1883, is housed at the Kunsthalle Kiel.

## Description and reception

Portrait of an Unknown Woman combines elements of the genre and portrait traditions in art. She is dressed in a black fur and velvet coat, fur hat, with leather gloves. The woman is seated on an open carriage at the Anichkov Bridge in Saint Petersburg. The woman's identity has not been established by art historians. Kramskoi titled the painting Unknown and did not mention her in any of his letters or diaries, leading to much speculation and contributing to the painting's highly enigmatic reputation.
The portrait was painted late in Kramskoi's life. He had begun his career as a rebel working outside of the establishment and was early on expelled from the Russian Academy. By 1883, he was at the height of his fame and reputation and working at the highest level of patronage, producing portraits of Czar Alexander III and his wife Maria Feodorovna. He was also one of the founders and leaders of The Wanderers.
However, Portrait of an Unknown Woman caused a sensation when first exhibited, more as a result of the subject matter than the aesthetics of the work. A number of critics presumed that the woman was a prostitute. One critic described the painting as a portrayal of "a coquette in a carriage", while another wrote of "a provocatively beautiful woman, all in velvet and fur, throwing you a sneeringly sensuous glance from a luxurious carriage – is this not one of the effluvia of big cities that allow contemptible women dressed in outfits purchased for the price of their female chastity onto the streets". Kramskoi remarked, "Some people have said it is not known who this woman is. Is she decent, or does she sell herself? But within her is an entire epoch."
Pavel Tretyakov refused to buy the painting for the Tretyakov. However, the painting's popularity quickly grew, in part as the beauty of sin became a popular theme with the following generation of Russian artists. It has been described as "unusually bright, densely painted, and relaxed. Kramskoi clearly tried to shine with his outstanding painterly mastery."
The painting has been used as the cover for some editions of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina. In 2008, the Guggenheim curator Valerie Hillings observed that "many people just think she's sort of like Anna Karenina. She has that kind of special feel, that special Russianness".
# Jangeh

Jangeh (Persian: جنگه) is a village in, and the capital of, Susan-e Sharqi Rural District of Susan District, Izeh County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 852 in 124 households, when it was in the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 957 people in 167 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the formation of Susan District. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 678 people in 107 households.
# Sapopemba (São Paulo Metro)

Sapopemba is a monorail station of São Paulo Metro in Brazil. It belongs to Line 15-Silver, which is currently in expansion, and should go to Cidade Tiradentes, connecting with Line 2-Green in Vila Prudente. It is located in Avenida Sapopemba, 11268.
It was first scheduled, according to the Expansion Plan of the Government of the State of São Paulo, to be opened in the first semester of 2020. Later, it was officially opened on 16 December 2019, along with stations Fazenda da Juta and São Mateus.
# First Lady of Tunisia

First Lady of Tunisia (Arabic: سيدة تونس الأولى, French: Première dame de Tunisie) usually refers to the wife of the president of Tunisia. They often play a protocol role at the Carthage Palace and during official visits, though possess no official title. Ichraf Saied is the spouse of the current president, Kais Saied, who took office on 23 October 2019. It is not a public office nor an official title.

## First ladies of Tunisia

| Name | Term Begins | Term Ends | President of Tunisia | Notes |
| Moufida Bourguiba | 25 July 1957 | 21 July 1961 (Divorced) | Habib Bourguiba | Born in France as Mathilde Lorrain, Bourguiba was the inaugural First Lady of Tunisia from independence in 1957 until her divorce from President Habib Bourguiba, which was announced on 21 July 1961. |
| Position Vacant | 21 July 1961 | 12 April 1962 | Habib Bourguiba | |
| Wassila Bourguiba | 12 April 1962 (Married) | 11 August 1986 (Divorced) | Habib Bourguiba | President Bourguiba married Wassila Ben Ammar on 12 April 1962. Wassila Bourguiba wielded considerable influence in Tunisian politics during her later years as first lady. The couple divorced in 1986 after 24 years of marriage. Their divorce was announced by the government on 11 August 1986. |
| Position Vacant | 11 August 1986 | 7 November 1987 | Habib Bourguiba | |
| Naïma Ben Ali | 7 November 1987 | 1988 (Divorced) | Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | Naïma Ben Ali and President Ben Ali, who had married in 1964, divorced in 1988. |
| Position Vacant | 1988 | 26 March 1992 | Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | President Ben Ali and his first wife, then-first lady Naïma Ben Ali, divorced in 1988. Prior to the divorce, President Ben Ali had a daughter out-of-wedlock with Leïla Trabelsi in 1987. President Ben Ali moved Trabelsi into Carthage Palace on November 7, 1987, but they remained unmarried until 1992. |
| Leïla Ben Ali | 26 March 1992 (Married) | 15 January 2011 | Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | Leïla Ben Ali married President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali on 26 March 1992, making her the official first lady. Prior to the wedding, Leïla Ben Ali had lived with President Ben Ali at the presidential palace since 1987. |
| Lilia Mebazaa | 15 January 2011 | 13 December 2011 | Fouad Mebazaa | |
| Beatrix Marzouki [ar] | 13 December 2011 | 31 December 2014 | Moncef Marzouki | Of French origin |
| Chadlia Saïda Farhat | 31 December 2014 | 25 July 2019 | Beji Caid Essebsi | |
| Siren Ennaceur [fr] | 25 July 2019 | 23 October 2019 | Mohamed Ennaceur | Of Norwegian origin |
| Ichraf Saied | 23 October 2019 | | Kais Saied | |
# Marie-Jean-Lucien Lacaze

Marie-Jean-Lucien Lacaze (22 June 1860, Pierrefonds, Oise – 23 March 1955, Paris) was a French admiral, minister of Marine, préfet maritime and académicien.

## Biography

Lacaze was born in Pierrefonds, Oise to a physician of Réunion, where he spent his youth. He studied in France with the Jesuits, and joined the École Navale in 1879.
Lacaze served as capitaine de vaisseau in Senegal, India and Viet-Nam. He was naval attaché in Rome and chief of staff to Admiral Germinet. He then took command of the Masséna, before serving as chief of cabinet to minister of the Navy Théophile Delcassé.
During the First World War, Lacaze led a division of the Mediterranean fleet, and organised part of the Dardanelles Campaign. Lacaze was made Minister of the Navy in October 1915.
He was briefly acting War Minister in December 1916, between the resignation of Pierre Roques and the arrival of Hubert Lyautey from Morocco to take up the post. Whilst in post he oversaw the removal of Ferdinand Foch from command of Army Group North and the replacement of Joseph Joffre by Robert Nivelle as Commander-in-Chief of the French Army on the Western Front.
He remained Minister of the Navy until 1917. He then went on to serve as préfet maritime of Toulon.
After retiring in 1922, Lacaze was elected to the Académie française on 12 November 1936, obtaining Jules Cambon's seat (seat n°40).
# Pitt Fall

Pitt Fall was a drop tower ride located at Kennywood amusement park in West Mifflin, Pennsylvania. The name of the ride was a pun on the word "pitfall", a type of booby trap, but spelled with two "t"'s in reference to the nearby city of Pittsburgh. When it opened in 1997, it was the tallest drop tower in the world. The ride was manufactured by Intamin and its model is known in the industry as a "Giant Drop".

## History

Construction of Pitt Fall began in July 1996 at the former site of Phantom Flyers. Pitt Fall soft opened on April 17, 1997 during a special preview day. The ride opened to the public on April 20, 1997.
In June 2011, Pitt Fall was listed for sale and bought in early September by an undisclosed buyer. After 14 years of operation, Pitt Fall permanently closed on September 18, 2011. It was replaced by Black Widow in 2012.

## Ride experience

A group of sixteen or fewer riders would be loaded into a group of four ride cars which seated four riders each. The riders were then secured with an over-the-shoulder harness and an interlocking seat belt. As the riders boarded, four yellow catch cars slowly descended from the top of the tower and coupled onto each ride car. After the all-clear was given, the catch cars pulled on the ride vehicles, lifting them off the ground and ascending to the top of the tower.
After clearing the braking zone, the cars picked up speed, reaching 12 mph. They were held 229 feet in the air for several seconds, after which they were released from the couplings, allowing the cars to free-fall nearly 150 feet at 65 mph.
Upon reaching the braking zone, magnetic brakes slowed the speed of the ride cars. Once the cars came to a stop on the ground, the riders lifted their safety harnesses and exited the ride.

## Records

| Preceded byDrop Tower: Scream Zone | World's Tallest Vertical Drop Ride 1997 | Succeeded byPower Tower (Cedar Point) |
# Melodie Crittenden

Melodie Crittenden (born September 13, 1968) is an American country and Christian music singer-songwriter.

## Career

Her first album, Melodie Sings, was recorded at the age of nine in Norman, Oklahoma. She traveled around Oklahoma with her family band "the Crittendens", performing at crusade events with evangelist Larry Jones, founder of the Feed the Children charity. She recorded a self-titled debut album for Asylum/Elektra Records in 1998, the same year that she charted with her rendition of "Bless the Broken Road" (her version was titled simply "Broken Road"); she would later record the song a second time as a member of the gospel group Selah. She released an additional studio, while The Woman I Am, was slated for release around 2004 but was never released.
As of 2016, Crittenden is a member of the Eagles tribute band Eaglemaniacs, which also includes Ron Hemby, formerly of the Buffalo Club.

## Discography
### Albums

| Title | Album details |
| Melodie Crittenden | Release date: February 24, 1998 Label: Elektra Records |
| Dream with Me Tonight: Lullabies for All Ages | Release date: September 18, 2001 Label: Sandman Records |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Year | Single | US Country | CAN Country | Album |
| 1998 | "Broken Road" | 42 | 48 | Melodie Crittenden |
| 1998 | "I Should've Known" | 72 | — | Melodie Crittenden |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart |||||

### Guest singles

| Year | Single | Artist | Peak positions | Album |
| Year | Single | Artist | US CHR | Album |
| 2006 | "Bless the Broken Road" | Selah | 5 | Bless the Broken Road: The Duets Album |

### Music videos

| Year | Video | Director |
| 1998 | "Broken Road" | Jim Hershleder |
# Rudall Hayward

Rudall Charles Victor Hayward MBE (4 July 1900 – 29 May 1974) was a pioneer New Zealand filmmaker from the 1920s to the 1970s, who directed seven feature films and numerous others.

## Biography

Hayward was born in Wolverhampton, England, and died in Dunedin while promoting his last film.
He was the son of Rudall and Adelina Hayward, who came to New Zealand in 1905. With Henry John Hayward (1866–1945) Rudall senior's brother, his parents were involved with entertainment and silent cinema in New Zealand, in West's Pictures and "The Brescians", a family of variety performers.
Rudall (junior) was educated at Wanganui Collegiate School from 1916 to 1917 and the Waihi School of Mines. He worked in Australia c. 1920 under Raymond Longford (who in 1915–16 was filming in New Zealand), on some of Longford's films: The Sentimental Bloke, On Our Selection, and Rud's New Selection.
He made his first two-reel comedy The Bloke from Freeman's Bay in 1920 (which his uncle Henry offered him £50 to burn). He was prosecuted by the Auckland City Council in the Police Court and fined £1 on each of two charges for putting up posters for The Bloke from Freeman's Bay in unauthorised places contrary to city by-laws, in October 1921.
His first feature was My Lady of the Cave (1922). In 1923 he married Hilda Moren and she worked with him on his later projects as an editor and producer: Rewi's Last Stand (1925), The Te Kooti Trail (1927), and The Bush Cinderella (1928).
In 1928–30 the couple made 23 two-reel "community comedies" with local settings and actors at various towns, and titles like: Tilly of Te Aroha, Hamilton’s Hectic Husbands, A Daughter of Dunedin, Winifred of Wanganui, Natalie of Napier, and Patsy of Palmerston. Lee Hill worked with Hayward on these, then went into competition with him.
His first sound film was On the Friendly Road (1936) with Colin Scrimgeour, and he remade Rewi's Last Stand with sound (1939). In 1943 he married the star of the movie, Ramai Te Miha.
His films were made on a shoestring budget, and in an interview from 1961 Hayward explains, "We had a sound camera which I built up with the help of friends who had lathes. Other parts I had made by Auckland companies, and I laboriously paid off the cost because no one was earning very much. We had a sound engineer, Jack Baxendale, a brilliant pioneering ham radio enthusiast, and he built not only the recording side but also the microphones. It was a major task for anyone to build condenser microphones in those days."
After World War II he worked in England, then made his most successful film The Amazing Dolphin of Opononi about Opo the dolphin. He made educational films in New Zealand and overseas, then his final film To Love a Maori (1972), which was shot on 16 mm.
In the 1973 Queen's Birthday Honours, Hayward was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the community.
# Public Libraries Act

Public Libraries Act—sometimes simply Libraries Act—is a stock short title used in the United Kingdom and Canada for legislation ("Acts of Parliament") relating to public libraries.

## Canada

In Canada, public libraries are local jurisdiction, with authority from provincial/territorial legislation.
* Canada (federal library) — Library and Archives of Canada Act (S.C. 2004, c. 11)
* Alberta — Libraries Act, RSA 2000, c. L-11
* British Columbia — Library Act, RSBC 1996, c. 264
* Manitoba — Public Libraries Act, CCSM, c. P220
* New Brunswick — New Brunswick Public Libraries Act, RSNB 2011, c. 194
* Newfoundland and Labrador — Public Libraries Act, RSNL 1990, c. P-40
* Northwest Territories — Public Libraries Act, SNWT 2009, c. 7
* Nova Scotia — Libraries Act, RSNS 1989, c. 254
* Nunavut — Library Act, RSNWT (Nu) 1988, c. L-7
* Ontario — Public Libraries Act, RSO 1990, c. P.44
* Prince Edward Island — Public Libraries Act, RSPEI 1988, c. P-31.1
* Saskatchewan — Public Libraries Act, 1996, SS 1996, c, P-39.2
* Yukon — Public Libraries Act, RSY 2002, c. 178

## United Kingdom

* The Public Libraries Act 1850 (13 & 14 Vict. c. 65)
* The Public Libraries (Ireland) Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 40)
* The Public Libraries Amendment Act 1877 (40 & 41 Vict. c. 54)
* The Public Libraries (Ireland) Amendment Act 1877 (40 & 41 Vict. c. 15)
* The Public Libraries Act 1884 (47 & 48 Vict. c. 37)
* The Public Libraries Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 42)
* The Public Libraries Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 53)
* The Public Libraries Amendment Act 1893 (56 Vict. c. 11)
* The Public Libraries (Scotland) Act 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. c. 20)
* The Public Libraries (Ireland) Act 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. c. 38)
* The Public Libraries (Ireland) Act 1902 (2 Edw. 7. c. 20)
* The Public Libraries (Scotland) Act 1920 (10 & 11 Geo. 5. c. 45)
* The Public Libraries and Museums Act 1964 (c. 75)

### Collective titles

* The Public Libraries Acts 1892 and 1893 was the collective title of the Public Libraries Act 1892 (55 & 56 Vict. c. 53) and the Public Libraries Amendment Act 1893 (56 Vict c 11).
* The Public Libraries (Scotland) Acts 1887 and 1894 was the collective title of the Public Libraries Consolidation (Scotland) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 42) and the Public Libraries (Scotland) Act 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. c. 20).
* The Public Libraries (Ireland) Acts 1855 to 1894 was the collective title of the acts of those years, relating to Ireland.
# V399 Carinae

V399 Carinae (V399 Car, P Carinae, P Car, 195 G. Carinae) is a variable star in the constellation Carina. It is visible to the naked eye.
The spectral type of V399 Carinae has been variously assigned between A5 and F0, being a bright, luminous supergiant. Its spectrum is described as having a non-photospheric continuum and silicon absorption lines, indicative of high mass loss.
V399 Carinae has long been suspected to be variable. A 1981 study of yellow supergiants fit observations to a Cepheid-like light curve with a period of 58.8 days, although the luminosity and spectral type do not place the star near the Cepheid instability strip. It was listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as a possible δ Cep variable. Further observations refined the period to 47.25 days. The Hipparcos catalogue classified V399 Car as a semiregular variable with a period of 88 days and a mean amplitude of only 0.04 magnitudes. An automated classification from Hipparos photometry suggested it is an α Cygni variable. The observed brightness varies from magnitude +4.63 to +4.72.
V399 Carinae lies amongst the stars of the open cluster IC 2581, by far the brightest member of the cluster. It is about 7,500 light years from Earth assuming it is a member of IC 2581, which is given a 62.9% probability. Its angular diameter has been estimated at 0.954±0.09 milliarcseconds, which, at the estimated distance of 2009 parsecs, gives it a radius 206 times the solar radius.
# Anna Magdalena Appel

Anna Magdalena Appel, later known as Freifrau von Hochstädten (Darmstadt, 8 March 1846-Wiesbaden, 19 December 1917) was a German ballet dancer, morganatic wife to Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse.

## Biography

Anna Magdalena was the last child of Johann Heinrich Appel and his second wife, Louise Christiane d’Amour. Her father died a few months after her birth, on 21 November 1846.
She developed her career as a ballet dancer at the Hoftheater in Darmstadt, her home town and capital of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. In those years her sister Johanette was a solo ballerina at the same theatre, and over the years Anna Magdalena herself became a soloist dancer at the same theatre.
It was through the ballet that Anna Magdalena met Grand Duke Louis of Hesse, a great lover of the arts. Louis III was a childless widower, his wife Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria having died in 1862. After ennobling her as Freifrau von Hochstädten eleven days earlier, they married morganatically on 20 June 1868. On the occasion of the marriage, and contrary to Ludwig III's original idea, Anna Magdalena had to leave the stage at the behest of the court's Oberhofmeister (Grand Master of the Court), Freiherr Felix Maria von Capellen.
During this period, too, Anne Magdalena exercised a certain influence on the artistic affairs of the Grand Duchy.
The personality of Louis III of Hesse had changed with age, to the extent that all his palaces had rooms with similar characteristics: green rooms with mahogany furniture, which were intended to be lived in periodically. Anna Magdalena cared for her husband in his last years, especially in the moments before his death in 1877. It was in the final moments of Louis III that the Grand-Ducal family came to know Anna Magdalena, out of necessity, because she did not want to be separated from her husband in his death throes. The Grand-Ducal family always held her in high regard afterwards and granted her an annual allowance. Alexander of Hesse, brother of Louis III, described Anne Magdalene in a letter to his sister Marie, wife of Alexander II of Russia, as:
   a fine woman, aged about thirty with beautiful eyes and teeth. A real child of the people, simple and loyal, and she had looked after our brother like a nurse for years.
After the death of Louis III, Anna Magdalena moved her residence to the nearby town of Wiesbaden, located in the Kingdom of Prussia. In her last years, she fostered her niece Anna Magdalena Frobenius and travelled extensively.
She was buried in the old cemetery (Altes Friedhof) of Darmstadt.