OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Georges Roux

Georges Raymond Nicolas Albert Roux (French:; November 16, 1914 – August 12, 1999) was a French writer, author of the popular history books about the Ancient Near East, Ancient Iraq and La Mésopotamie.
Son of a French Army officer, Roux moved with his family to the Middle East at the age of nine where he subsequently lived for 12 years in Syria and Lebanon before returning to France in 1935. Roux was educated by Jesuits in Beirut and studied medicine at the University of Paris, where he graduated in medicine in 1941 and later studied Oriental studies at École pratique des hautes études.
In 1950 Roux became a medical officer for the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), spending his first two years in Qatar and the remainder in Iraq. During his time with the IPC the company produced the magazines Iraq Petroleum and The Crescent, and Roux was commissioned to produce articles. Through the duration of 1956-1960, Roux published a series of articles, The Story of Ancient Iraq. They form the basis of his later books.
After the 14 July Revolution of Iraq in 1958, Roux returned to Europe and headed the International medical department at GlaxoWellcome, retiring in 1980. In 1964, he published in English Ancient Iraq, a book covering the political, cultural, and socioeconomic history of Mesopotamia. In 1985 he published a fuller French work, La Mésopotamie, but the English book's third edition, of 1992, has further enhancements.

## Notable works

* Ancient Iraq (1964), ISBN 014012523X; 1972, ISBN 0140208283; 1992, ISBN 978-0140125238
* La Mésopotamie (1997), ISBN 9782020236362
# Grace Yee

Grace Yee is a poet, writer and creative writing teacher. Her debut verse novel, Chinese Fish, won both the Victorian Prize for Literature and the Mary and Peter Biggs Award for Poetry in 2024.

## Early life and education

Yee was born in British Hong Kong and grew up in New Zealand and Australia.
She graduated from Deakin University with a MA. She later completed a PhD at the University of Melbourne. Her thesis was titled "Beneath the Long White Cloud: settler Chinese women's storytelling in Aotearoa New Zealand".

## Career

Yee has lectured at both Deakin University and the University of Melbourne. She was awarded a Creative Fellowship by the State Library of Victoria in 2019.
Her poems have been published in Australia in Overland, Island, Meanjin, Southerly, Westerly, Rabbit and Cordite Poetry Review. They have also appeared in The Shanghai Literary Review, Women’s Museum of California, Hainamana and the Poetry New Zealand Yearbook.
She adapted her prizewinning verse novel, Chinese Fish, from her PhD thesis. The book was selected as winner of the 2024 Victorian Premier's Prize for Poetry from 807 entries. It subsequently won the 2024 Victorian Prize for Literature, the first win for poetry in ten years.

## Awards and recognition

* Overland Judith Wright Poetry Prize, 2019, third place for "Chinny Chin Chin"
* Winner, Patricia Hackett Prize, 2020, winner for "For the Chinese Merchants of Melbourne"
* Peter Steele Poetry Award, 2020
* Anne Elder Award, 2023, highly commended for Chinese Fish
* Victorian Prize for Literature and Victorian Premier's Prize for Poetry, 2024, winner for Chinese Fish
* Mary and Peter Biggs Award for Poetry, Ockham New Zealand Book Awards, 2024, winner for Chinese Fish

## Publications

* Chinese Fish, Giramondo Publishing, 2023 ISBN 9781922725448
* "For the Chinese Merchants of Melbourne", published in Best of Australian Poems 2021, Ellen van Neerven and Toby Fitch, editors, ISBN 9780992318925
* "Tabulations (A Nine Year)", published in Best of Australian Poems 2022, Judith Beveridge and Jeanine Leane, editors, ISBN 9780992318925
* "chinny chin chin" and other selected works, published in A Clear Dawn: New Asian Voices from Aotearoa (anthology), editors Alison Wong and Paula Morris, ISBN 9781922725448
# Norðfjarðargöng

Norðfjarðargöng (Icelandic pronunciation: , lit. 'Northfjord Tunnel') is a tunnel in Iceland, located in Eastern Region along Route 92. It has a length of 7,542 m (24,744 ft) and was originally due to be completed in 2014. After delays, prompting protests by residents of the area, it opened on 11 November 2017. Norðfjarðargöng connects the communities of Neskaupstaður and Eskifjörður, replacing the Oddsskarðsgöng tunnel.
# William James Macdonald

William James Macdonald FRSE was born on 14 December 1851 in Scotland. He is known for being a pioneer of the introduction of modern geometry to the mathematical curriculum in schools and for being one of the founding members of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society.

## Biography

Macdonald was born in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, but moved to the coastal town of St Andrews when he was young. There he got an education in Madras College, and became dux of the college in 1868.
After completing his school education, he entered the University of St Andrews, where he studied a variety of subjects including mathematics, English literature, Latin, Greek, chemistry, and philosophy. While there Macdonald won many prizes, including the Miller prize given to the student who did the best work in 1870, 1871, and 1872, the Gray prize in 1872 for an essay on spectrum analysis, and the Arnott prize, also in 1872.
After graduating, Macdonald was appointed assistant to the Mathematics Department in Madras College, but only taught there for a short time before accepting a role as Mathematics Master at Merchiston Castle school in Edinburgh. He soon after accepted a role at Daniel Stewart’s College where he spent the rest of his career.
Between 1898 and 1899, he was the president of the Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association.
He died in Edinburgh on 29 December 1941.

## Accomplishments

Macdonald was a pioneer in the introduction of modern geometry to the mathematical curriculum. He wrote Higher Geometry: Containing an Introduction to Modern Geometry and Elementary Geometrical Conics, a text which was widely used in schools and colleges to teach geometry.
He was a founding member of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society, and was honoured by the society when he was elected as president for 1887-88 session.
On the 1st of February 1886, he accepted a fellowship to the Royal Society of Edinburgh after being proposed by William Swan, John Sturgeon Mackay, George Chrystal, and Sir Thomas Muir.
In June 1914, he was offered the degree of LL.D by the Senatus Academicus of the University of St Andrews, but he respectfully declined the honour.
# Renshou Giant Buddha

Renshou Giant Buddha (traditional Chinese: 仁壽大佛; simplified Chinese: 仁寿大佛; pinyin: Rénshòu Dàfó), also known as Niujiaozhai Giant Buddha (牛角寨大佛), is a large stone Buddha located within Renshou County, Sichuan. It is 60 kilometers south of Chengdu. The Buddha was carved in 707 during the Tang dynasty. It was constructed six years earlier in the nearby famous Leshan Giant Buddha. Located around the statue are over 101 shrines belonging to Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.
# 1968 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Elections in Alaska :
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The Alaska congressional election of 1968 was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1968. The term of the state's sole Representative to the United States House of Representatives expired on January 3, 1969. The winning candidate would serve a two-year term from January 3, 1969, to January 3, 1971. Incumbent Republican Representative Howard W. Pollock defeated Democratic State Senator Nick Begich, by a margin of 8.4%, winning re-election to a second term.

## General election
### Results

1968 Alaska's at-large congressional district election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Howard Wallace Pollock (inc.) | 43,577 | 54.2 |
| | Democratic | Nick Begich | 36,785 | 45.8 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 80,362 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold | Republican hold |
# Cap-Haitien least gecko

The Cap-Haitien least gecko (Sphaerodactylus lazelli) is a species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. The species is endemic to Haiti.

## Etymology

The specific name, lazelli, is in honor of American herpetologist James Draper "Skip" Lazell, Jr. (born 1939).

## Habitat

The preferred habitat of S. lazelli is forest at sea level.

## Description

The holotype of S. lazelli has a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 31 mm (1.2 in).

## Reproduction

S. lazelli is oviparous.
# Peeter Torop

Peeter Torop (born November 28, 1950, in Tallinn, Estonia) is an Estonian semiotician. Following Roman Jakobson, he expanded the scope of the semiotic study of translation to include intratextual, intertextual, and extratextual translation and stressing the productivity of the notion of translation in general semiotics. He is a co-editor of the journal Sign Systems Studies, the oldest international semiotic periodical, the chairman of the Estonian Semiotics Association and professor of semiotics of culture at Tartu University.
He is known in translation studies above all for his PhD dissertation Total translation, published in Russian in 1995, in Italian in 2000 (1st edition) and 2010 (2nd edition), edited by Bruno Osimo, in Ukrainian in 2015 and in Estonian in 2024.
# Saponite

Saponite is a trioctahedral mineral of the smectite group. Its chemical formula is Ca$_{0.25}$(Mg,Fe)$_3$((Si,Al)$_4$O$_{10}$)(OH)$_2$·n(H$_2$O). It is soluble in sulfuric acid. It was first described in 1840 by Svanberg. Varieties of saponite are griffithite, bowlingite and sobotkite.
It is soft, massive, and plastic, and exists in veins and cavities in serpentinite and basalt. The name is derived from the Greek sapo, soap. Other names include bowlingite; mountain soap; piotine; soapstone.

## Occurrence

Saponite was first described in 1840 for an occurrence in Lizard Point, Landewednack, Cornwall, England. It occurs in hydrothermal veins, in basalt vesicles, skarns, amphibolite and serpentinite. Associated minerals include celadonite, chlorite, native copper, epidote, orthoclase, dolomite, calcite and quartz.
Saponite is found in Ząbkowice Śląskie in Silesia, Svärdsjö in Dalarna, Sweden and in Cornwall, UK. The soapstone of Cornwall is used in the porcelain factory. Saponite is also found in the "dark rims" of chondrules in carbonaceous chondrites and seen as a sign of aqueous alteration. Europe's largest primary diamond deposit, Lomonosov, in the Primorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast is an area of intensive accumulation and storage of saponite at the tailings.

## Application

The forecasted mass of saponite to be discharged into the tailings of diamond ore processing makes up millions of tons. Worryingly, when macro- and micro-components are found in non-hazardous concentrations, fewer efforts are put into the environmental management of the tailings, though technogenic sediments offer prospects for reuse and valorization beyond their traditional disposal. Saponite is a demonstrative example of the tailings constituent that is often left unfairly mistreated.
Electrochemical separation helps to obtain modified saponite-containing products with high smectite-group minerals concentrations, lower mineral particles size, more compact structure, and greater surface area. These characteristics open possibilities for the manufacture of high-quality ceramics and heavy-metal sorbents from saponite-containing products. Furthermore, tail grinding occurs during the preparation of the raw material for ceramics; this waste reprocessing is of high importance for the use of clay pulp as a neutralizing agent, as fine particles are required for the reaction. Experiments on the Histosol deacidification with the alkaline clay slurry demonstrated that neutralization with the average pH level of 7.1 is reached at 30% of the pulp added and an experimental site with perennial grasses proved the efficacy of the technique. Moreover, the reclamation of disturbed lands is an integral part of the social and environmental responsibility of the mining company and this scenario addresses the community necessities at both local and regional levels.
Synthetic saponites have defined chemical composition and reactive surface and serve as a substitute for zeolites. In contrast to the pores in zeolites, saponites have a larger layer spacing and can also be used as catalysts for larger organic molecules, e.g. in polymerization, isomerization and cracking.
# Saperda bilineatocollis

Saperda bilineatocollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1924. It is known from Russia and China.
# Reed Flute Cave

The Reed Flute Cave (Chinese: 芦笛岩; pinyin: Lúdí Yán), also known as "the Palace of Natural Arts," is a landmark and tourist attraction in Guilin, Guangxi, China.
The cave got its name from the type of reed growing outside, which can be made into flutes. Reed Flute Cave is filled with a large number of stalactites, stalagmites and other rock formations. Inside, there are more than 70 inscriptions of poems and travelogues written in ink, the oldest of which can be dated to 792 AD in the Tang dynasty. It was rediscovered in the 1940s by a group of refugees fleeing the Japanese troops. Nowadays, multicolored lighting artificially illuminates the cave. The Reed Flute Cave is filled with various stalactites and stalagmites, which are named according to what they look like and the legends surrounding them, Crystal Palace, Fish Tail Peak, and Dragon Pagoda. One giant stalactite is said to have been the magic spear of the Dragon King, used by the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the Chinese Buddhist classic, Journey to the West.
# Elle Limebear

Elle Limebear (née Smith; born 2 April 1997) is a British worship singer, songwriter and artist.

## Early life and family

Elle Limebear was born to Martin Smith and Anna Smith in 1997 in Chichester, England. She grew up in Rustington in a religious family. Her grandfather was the pastor of the local church, Arun Community Church.
In 2015, she joined her father's band and leads worship at various churches and tours. She has been married to Tom Limebear since 2017 and lives in Brighton, England. They have two sons together, named Maccabee and Wilson.

## Career

In May 2018, she was signed by Provident Label Group, a Christian music label owned by Sony Music. Later that year, she released her first single "Love Song" in collaboration with One Sonic Society which peaked at No. 31 on the Billboard Christian Airplay Charts. In January 2019, Limebear was featured in The Own It Tour, a tour by Francesca Battistelli, along with Stars Go Dim. In June 2019, it was announced that Limebear would be part of I Am They's tour, The Trial & Triumph. In the same year, she released her first EP, titled Elle Limebear.
In February 2020, Limebear released her debut album, Lost In Wonder. In March 2020, she set out on The Roadshow 2020 tour to promote her album, but the tour was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2020, she released another EP, Live from Catalyst. The EP consists of three songs, including "Glorious Day", "Maker of the Moon", and "Lord You Have My Heart". In the same year, she was nominated for GMA Dove Award in the New Artist of the Year category.
In 2022, she received a BMI Christian Award for "Alive & Breathing" along with Matt Maher. The song had been No. 1 on Billboard's Christian Airplay Chart in 2020 for five weeks.
Limebear is also a member of a music band named Manor Collective, a group of writers, artists, producers and friends of different skin colours and cultures who first got together at a big English Manor House, in the Hampshire countryside.

## Discography
### Albums

* Lost In Wonder (2020)

### EP

* Elle Limebear (2019)
* Live from Catalyst (2020)

### Singles

* "Love Song" - with One Sonic Society (2018)
* "Holding Me Still" (2019)
* "Call On Your Name" (2019)
* "Maker of the Moon" (2019)
* "Find Me At Your Feet" (2019)
* "Fly" (2019)
* "Call On Your Name" - BCee Remix (2019)
* "Lord You Have My Heart", featuring Martin Smith (2019)
* "What Love Looks Like" (2020)
* "After Your Heart", with SEU Worship (2020)
* "Angels", featuring Jake Isaac (2020)
* "Seasons", featuring Sarah Bird (2020)
* "Call On Your Name", Piano Version (2021)
* "All the Time" (2021)
* "Rest On Us" (2022)

## Awards and recognition

* GMA Dove Award Nominee (2020)
* BMI Christian Award (2022)
# Tuntang

Tuntang (Dutch: Toentang) is an administrative district (kecamatan), and a town within that district, in Semarang Regency of Central Java Province, Indonesia. The Dutch built a railway station in the town. The district covers 56.24 sq.km, and is adjacent to the city of Salatiga on the latter's northwest side. The total population for the Tuntang district was 60,392 in 2010 and had grown to 69,771 in mid 2023, of which the town of Tuntang had 6,624 inhabitants. The geographical coordinates for Tuntang are -7 16' 06'' (-7.268) latitude and 110 27' 16'' (110.454) longitude. The altitude at Tuntang is 700 m above sea level.
# Pistolet (bread)

The pistolet (literally "little pistol") is a typical Belgian variety of bread consisting of a small and round bread roll.
The crust is usually hard and crispy, while the inside of the roll is soft.
To make the bread roll, the dough must rise for 12 hours, and is also manipulated with a small stick. The bread should be light, airy and delicate on the inside, with a crisp crust. The pistolet roll is filled with a typical selection of meats, cheeses and condiments, which may include: cervelas sausages, boudin sausages, Ardennes ham, the Plattekaas cheese of Walschot, Ghent mustard, pickles, mayonnaise, local shrimp, farm butter, Red Flanders beef, kipkap (a kind of head pressed jelly), potjesvlees (meat in gelatin), Pipe d’Ardennes sausages, Bloempanch (black sausage obtained from pig blood), Herve raw milk cheese, and more. It might also be eaten with butter and jam for weekend breakfasts.
While most people in Belgium are familiar with this puffy roll with a slit down the middle and characteristic crisp crust, the truth is that it did not always have this form. The pistolet evolved over several centuries. There are many ideas about the origin of the name of this product. One is that it derives from the Latin pistor meaning “miller,” which by semantic shift in the Middle Ages came to mean “baker.” The diminutive pistolet indicates the product of the baker. Others argue that the name comes from the fact that these rolls, subject to a high taxation in the 17th century, cost almost a “pistol” (a form of currency at the time), and were so nicknamed pistooltje. According to Maurice Piron, a philologist from Liège, the common connection between the pistolet as a weapon, currency and bread is the concept of smallness. In 1852, French poet Gérard de Nerval extolled the pistolet roll of Brussels in his writing. Today, however, while similar breads can be found commonly, only a few bakers in Brussels still make the pistolet according to tradition, with the long rising time and filled with local ingredients.
# Palliser Bay

Palliser Bay is at the southern end of the North Island of New Zealand, to the southeast of Wellington. It runs for 40 kilometres along the Cook Strait coast from Turakirae Head at the southern end of the Remutaka Ranges to Cape Palliser, the North Island's southernmost point. The coastline is exposed to the weather and winds.
Inland from the bay is the plain of the Ruamahanga River, which has its outflow in the bay. This river flows through Lake Wairarapa, 10 kilometres from the coast.
There are several notable geographical features in the area, including the Pūtangirua Pinnacles, Kupe's Sail and the Whatarangi Bluff, the erosion of which has had dramatic effects on the coastline. Some of these cliffs are made of mudstone and are therefore easily eroded, and sometimes collapse.
# Aorangi Range

The Aorangi Range (also known as the Haurangi Range) is a mountain range on the North Island of New Zealand. It is located in the Wairarapa region, extending more than 20 kilometres (12 miles) north from Cape Palliser, and is the southernmost mountain range on the island. The greater portion of these mountains are covered in native forest which is protected and set aside for public recreational use as part of the Aorangi Forest Park.
The Pūtangirua Pinnacles are located near the western edge of the ranges.

## Mount Ross

Mount Ross 983 metres (3,225 ft) is the highest point in the Aorangi Range.
# Nicholas Roditi

Spencer Nicholas Roditi (born August 1945) is a British hedge fund manager for George Soros, turned real estate developer. He grew up in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).

## Early life

Spencer Nicholas Roditi was born in August 1945. He was educated at Peterhouse Boys' School, an independent boarding school on the outskirts of Marondera, in Zimbabwe. He graduated in 1963.

## Career

Roditi was George Soros's "most trusted advisor" for some years and ran his Quota Fund and Quasar International, for which he was paid £80 million in 2006.
In April 2015, the Sunday Times estimated his net worth at £1.0 billion
According to The Sunday Times Rich List in 2020, Roditi is worth £2 billion, an increase of £333 million from 2019.
Roditi is a non-executive director of PGI Group.

## Personal life

In 1997 he married Pamela, they have a son called James and live in a Georgian house in Hampstead, London. He has an estate in South Africa, about 40 miles from Cape Town.
# Strachkvas

Strachkvas (Kristián) (28 September 929 or 935, Prague – 996, Prague) was a prince of Bohemia, son of Boleslav I and brother of Boleslav II, all members of the Přemyslid dynasty. A clergyman, Strachkvas was finally to become Bishop of Prague but died during his consecration.

## Life

While its known that he was the son of Boleslav I the identity of his mother is not known for certain but one candidate is Biagota, the presumed wife of Boleslav.
Strachkvas was born on a feast day on which his father killed his own brother, Wenceslaus, in order to replace Wenceslaus as Duke of the Bohemians. Feeling remorse, Boleslav gave his newborn son the strange name of "Strachkvas", "a dreadful feast". Boleslav promised to devote his son to religion and to educate him as a clergyman, and he kept his word. Strachkvas was sent to Saint Emmeram's Abbey in Regensburg.
According to Chronica Boemorum of Cosmas of Prague, Saint Adalbert of Prague in 994 offered his episcopal see to Strachkvas, explaining that Strachkvas came from the Přemyslids, and it would be easy for him to bend people to his will; but Strachkvas refused the episcopacy. When Adalbert's family was massacred the next year and he left Prague, however, Strachkvas was appointed to succeed him. Then, just as Strachkvas was about to assume the episcopate, he died without warning during the installation ceremony itself. The circumstances of his death still are unclear.
Another version has Strachkvas "possessed and destroyed by demons".