# William M. Hoge

General William Morris Hoge (13 January 1894 – 29 October 1979) was a highly decorated senior United States Army officer who fought with distinction in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, with a military career spanning nearly forty years.

## Early life and military career

William M. Hoge was born on the campus of Kemper Military School in Boonville, Missouri, where his father William McGuffey Hoge served as principal. In 1905, the family moved to Lexington, Missouri, where his father bought an ownership interest and served as principal and superintendent at Wentworth Military Academy. After graduating from Wentworth in 1911 and taking a postgrad year in New York, he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York. He graduated in June 1916, then was commissioned into the Engineer Branch of the United States Army. His fellow graduates were men such as Horace L. McBride, Stanley Eric Reinhart, Fay B. Prickett, Calvin DeWitt Jr., Dwight Johns, Wilhelm D. Styer and Robert Neyland. Hoge commanded a company of the 7th Engineer Regiment, 5th Division, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, from 1917 to 1918, during World War I.
During the war, Hoge served overseas in France, where he received the Distinguished Service Cross personally from General John J. Pershing, Commander-in-chief of the American Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front, for heroic action under fire as a battalion commander during the Meuse–Argonne offensive. The citation for his DSC reads:
   The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, 9 July 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (Corps of Engineers) William Morris Hoge, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with 7th Engineers, 5th Division, A.E.F., near Brieulles, France, 4 November 1918. After personally and voluntarily reconnoitering the site of a pontoon bridge over the Meuse, in daylight and under direct shell fire, Major Hoge commanded the movement of a train of heavy wagons, under enemy observation, to this location. Major Hoge then supervised the construction of the bridge and the successful crossing of the train.
He was also awarded the Silver Star, "for gallantry in action", during the war.
During the interwar years, Hoge graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and from the United States Army Command and General Staff College.

## World War II

Hoge directed one of the great engineering feats of World War II, the construction of the 1,519-mile (2,450 km) ALCAN Highway in nine months. Later, in Europe, he commanded the Provisional Engineer Special Brigade Group attached directly to V Corps (United States) in the assault on Omaha Beach. One of his key men who worked under him from Alaska to England, Colonel Benjamin B. Talley, directed the planning-specifics of the invasion, using maps, air studies, even tourist photos and postcards culled from the British people to learn the topography, and designate which units would assault which sectors of the two United States beaches. Talley went ashore at Omaha in the third wave to direct Engineer operations and immediately begin to receive men by the thousands and supplies by the ton over the beach from the Communications Zone, the supply and service-forces arm of the European Theater of Operations. Hoge later directed Combat Command B of the 9th Armored Division, in its heroic actions in the Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge, and in its celebrated capture of the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen. By war's end, Hoge was the Commanding General of the 4th Armored Division.

## Post-World War II

During the Korean War, at the request of General Matthew Ridgway, the Eighth United States Army commander, Hoge commanded the IX Corps in 1951. Hoge achieved his senior command in the army as commander-in-chief of United States Army Europe. Hoge was promoted to major general in May 1945, lieutenant general in June 1951, and full general on 23 October 1953.
Hoge retired from active duty in January 1955 to his hometown of Lexington, Missouri, then turned to the private sector as chairman of the board of Interlake Steel. Hoge moved to his son's farm in Kansas in October 1975 and he died suddenly on 29 October 1979, at Munson Army Hospital, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## In popular culture

In the 1969 film The Bridge at Remagen, the character of Brigadier General Shinner (played by E. G. Marshall) was based on Hoge.

## Awards and decorations

His awards and decorations include:
| 1st Row | Distinguished Service Cross | Distinguished Service Cross | Distinguished Service Cross | Distinguished Service Cross | Distinguished Service Cross | Distinguished Service Cross | Distinguished Service Cross | Distinguished Service Cross | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters |
| 2nd Row | Silver Star with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Silver Star with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Silver Star with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Silver Star with two Oak Leaf Clusters | Legion of Merit | Legion of Merit | Legion of Merit | Legion of Merit | Bronze Star Medal | Bronze Star Medal | Bronze Star Medal | Bronze Star Medal | Air Medal | Air Medal | Air Medal | Air Medal |
| 3rd Row | Army Commendation Medal | Army Commendation Medal | Army Commendation Medal | Army Commendation Medal | Purple Heart | Purple Heart | Purple Heart | Purple Heart | Mexican Border Service Medal | Mexican Border Service Medal | Mexican Border Service Medal | Mexican Border Service Medal | World War I Victory Medal with three Battle Clasps | World War I Victory Medal with three Battle Clasps | World War I Victory Medal with three Battle Clasps | World War I Victory Medal with three Battle Clasps |
| 4th Row | Army of Occupation of Germany Medal | Army of Occupation of Germany Medal | Army of Occupation of Germany Medal | Army of Occupation of Germany Medal | American Defense Service Medal | American Defense Service Medal | American Defense Service Medal | American Defense Service Medal | American Campaign Medal | American Campaign Medal | American Campaign Medal | American Campaign Medal | European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with silver service star and Arrowhead device | European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with silver service star and Arrowhead device | European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with silver service star and Arrowhead device | European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with silver service star and Arrowhead device |
| 5th Row | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal | World War II Victory Medal | World War II Victory Medal | World War II Victory Medal | World War II Victory Medal | Army of Occupation Medal | Army of Occupation Medal | Army of Occupation Medal | Army of Occupation Medal | National Defense Service Medal | National Defense Service Medal | National Defense Service Medal | National Defense Service Medal |
| 6th Row | Korean Service Medal with four service stars | Korean Service Medal with four service stars | Korean Service Medal with four service stars | Korean Service Medal with four service stars | Honorary Companion of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom) | Honorary Companion of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom) | Honorary Companion of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom) | Honorary Companion of the Order of the Bath (United Kingdom) | Distinguished Service Order (United Kingdom) | Distinguished Service Order (United Kingdom) | Distinguished Service Order (United Kingdom) | Distinguished Service Order (United Kingdom) | Officer of the Legion of Honour (France) | Officer of the Legion of Honour (France) | Officer of the Legion of Honour (France) | Officer of the Legion of Honour (France) |
| 7th Row | Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) | Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) | Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) | Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) | Commander of the Military Order of Italy | Commander of the Military Order of Italy | Commander of the Military Order of Italy | Commander of the Military Order of Italy | Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil) | Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil) | Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil) | Commander of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil) | Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 | Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 | Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 | Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 |
| 8th Row | Order of the Patriotic War First Class (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) | Order of the Patriotic War First Class (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) | Order of the Patriotic War First Class (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) | Order of the Patriotic War First Class (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) | Korean Order of Military Merit, 1st Class | Korean Order of Military Merit, 1st Class | Korean Order of Military Merit, 1st Class | Korean Order of Military Merit, 1st Class | French Croix de guerre 1939–1945 with Palm | French Croix de guerre 1939–1945 with Palm | French Croix de guerre 1939–1945 with Palm | French Croix de guerre 1939–1945 with Palm | United Nations Korea Medal | United Nations Korea Medal | United Nations Korea Medal | United Nations Korea Medal |
Hoge Barracks, the transient housing operation at Fort Leavenworth, is named in his honor.