OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Albert Rowe (politician)

Albert Edward Rowe (1872 – 16 August 1955) was an Australian politician. He won the seat of Parramatta for the Australian Labor Party in 1929, but was defeated by Frederick Stewart in 1931.
Prior to entering politics, Rowe worked in a printing-room, as a compositor, and at the time of his election as one of the readers on the staff of The Sun. He was also a member of the board of the Printing Industry Union and the secretary of the Sylvania Progress Association. His election in 1929 was unexpected: the local newspaper wrote at the time that Parramatta had "always been looked upon as a National stronghold".
# Biblioteca Estense

The Biblioteca Estense (English: Estense Library), was the family library of the marquises and dukes of the House of Este. The exact date of the library's birth is still under speculation, however it is known for certain that the library was in use during the fourteenth century. Whilst it was greatly enriched during the Renaissance years in Ferrara, the library was concretely established in Modena in the beginning of the seventeenth century. It is known as one of the most important libraries in Italy. The library is located, along with the Galleria Estense directly below its collection of artworks, in the Palazzo dei Musei (Piazza Sant'Agostino 337) in Modena.

## History

On the ascension of the Marquis Niccolò III d'Este to the Ferrarese duchy in 1393, he inherited an important humanistic library, rich in works of literary, historical and artistic content. Its collection grew considerably during the Renaissance period with manuscripts and printed editions considered today to be of fundamental value, thanks to the refined and attentive patronage of the Este dukes. In 1598, the Library followed the dynasty when the capital was transferred from Ferrara to Modena.
In the following centuries, the Estense Library continued to be enriched with local and international works, funded by the acquisitions of suppressed religious institutions as well as enriched by the elevated tastes of famous librarians Ludovico Antonio Muratori and Girolamo Tiraboschi. After the Unification of Italy, the Estense Library merged with the University Library, which brought with it an important collection of philosophical, juridical and scientific texts. Thus was born the Estense University Library, considered today as a modern institute of national interest.

## Collection

Today the Library's collection contains more than 500,000 printed works, about 11,000 codexes, more than 100,000 manuscript leaves, and 1,662 incunabula. Among the manuscripts, the most famous is the 1,200-page Bible of Borso d'Este, extensively bordered with miniatures. The relic would be recovered and returned to Modena following the First World War. Bought at an auction, it was gifted to Italy on behalf of Senator Giovanni Treccani. The Bible is today excluded from public view for reasons of conservation, a 1963 replica now takes its place in the Biblioteca Estense.
The library holds many medieval manuscripts, among them biblical manuscripts: Codex Mutinensis, Minuscule 358, 359, 585, 586, 618, ℓ 111.
Also known worldwide is its collection of musical manuscripts and printed books, the Raccolta musicale estense.

## Some manuscripts

* Biblia Borsi Estensis
* Codex Mutinensis
* Codex de sphaera
* Mutinensis gr. 122
* Minuscule 585
* Minuscule 586
* Minuscule 358
* Minuscule 359
* Minuscule 618
* Lectionary 111
# Donald Dafoe

Donald Christian Dafoe is an American surgeon and research scientist.

## Biography

The eldest son of a surgeon, Dafoe graduated from Appleton West High School in Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1967, where he was on the football and wrestling teams. He then attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he received his undergraduate degree in zoology and his medical degree.
He became a transplant surgeon after training in surgery at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and now works at University of California Irvine Medical Center in Orange, California, where he is chief of transplantation surgery. He previously worked at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where he was Director of the Pancreas Transplantation, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Center; Director of Surgical Education; and held the Eris M. Field Endowed Chair in Diabetes Research. He was previously medical director for the California Transplant Donor Network.
He has written over 160 peer-reviewed articles, and has been on the editorial board of Journal of Surgical Research, The Chimera, and Transplantation Science.
Ex-husband to vascular surgeon Dr. Rhoda Dafoe and Sahara Dafoe, he is a father of five, and is the brother of actor Willem Dafoe. He also has five sisters and another brother.
# 2011 Pan American Games opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the 2011 Pan American Games took place on October 14, 2011, beginning at 20:00 CDT (1:00 UTC, October 15) at Omnilife Stadium in Zapopan, a suburb of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. The opening ceremony was directed and produced by Five Currents, which also produced the ceremonies at the 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2007 Pan American Games.

## Production

The opening ceremony was originally scheduled to be held at Jalisco Stadium. However, the organizing committee for the Games (COPAG) changed the venue to Omnilife Stadium, because of its superior infrastructure and technological capability to host the event. Also, its proximity to the athletes village helped expedite the transportation of athletes and helped ensure their safety.

## Program

Vicente Fernández performed the first act, singing the Mexican anthem at the games. Colombian singer Juanes performed as did Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández, Vicente’s son, who performed the song "El Mismo Sol" the official theme of the Games at the ceremony.

### Parade of the Nations

The participating countries marched in, beginning with Argentina and ending with the host nation, Mexico. Excluding Argentina and Mexico, the delegations entered by Spanish alphabetical order as per Pan American Sports Organization protocols, which also happened to be the official languages of the host nation.

## Dignitaries and other officials in attendance

* Felipe Calderón, President of Mexico
* Jacques Rogge, President of the International Olympic Committee
* Mario Vázquez Raña, President of the Pan American Sports Organization and Association of National Olympic Committees
* Emilio González Márquez, Governor of Jalisco
* Bal Gosal, Canadian Minister of Sport
* Andrade Garin, Head of the Guadalajara 2011 Organizing committee for the 2011 Pan and Parapan American Games (COPAG)
* Jorge Aristóteles Sandoval, Mayor of Guadalajara
* Earl Anthony Wayne, United States Ambassador to Mexico
* Julie Ertel, former water polo and triathlon athlete (United States)
* Allyson Felix, track and field athlete (United States)
* Julio Maglione, member of the IOC representing Uruguay and the president of FINA
* Rafael Márquez, Mexican footballer
* Julio César Chávez, Mexican boxer
* Michael Fennell, President of the Commonwealth Games Federation
* Julio Maglione, President of FINA

## Reception

An estimated 130 million people across the Americas and the world were expected to watch the opening ceremony.
# 2012 Puerto Rico Republican presidential primary

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
2012 U.S. presidential election :
Timeline
General election debates
Electors
Polling
nationwide
statewide
Parties :
Democratic Party :
Candidates
Primaries
Results
Nominee
Convention :
Republican Party :
Prelude
Candidates
Debates and forums
Primaries
National polling
Statewide polling
Straw polls
Results
Nominee
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Convention
Endorsements :
Minor parties :
Libertarian Party
candidates
primaries
nominee
convention
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primaries
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convention
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convention
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Americans Elect
All candidates :
Related races :
House
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| ← 2008 | 2012 | 2016 → |
vte :
The 2012 Puerto Rico Republican presidential primary took place on March 18, 2012.
On January 18, 2012, Secretary of State Kenneth McClintock announced that seven candidates, including Newt Gingrich, Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum, Ron Paul and Rick Perry (who has since withdrawn and endorsed Gingrich) would be eligible to appear on the March 18 ballot unless they notified McClintock by February 17 of their desire not to compete in Puerto Rico. If a candidate received a majority of the votes, then the primary was to be winner-take-all, but if no candidate met the 50% threshold, its 20 delegates were to be divided proportionally.
On February 20, 2012, the Republican Party of Puerto Rico announced the six candidate names and their order on the ballot for the island's March 18 presidential primary.

## Results

Prior to certification:
Puerto Rico Republican primary, 2012 :
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Delegates |
| Mitt Romney | 106,431 | 82.61% | 20 |
| Rick Santorum | 10,574 | 8.21% | 0 |
| Buddy Roemer | 2,880 | 2.24% | 0 |
| Others | 2,759 | 2.14% | 0 |
| Newt Gingrich | 2,702 | 2.10% | 0 |
| Fred Karger | 1,893 | 1.47% | 0 |
| Ron Paul | 1,595 | 1.24% | 0 |
| Unprojected delegates: | Unprojected delegates: | Unprojected delegates: | 3 |
| Total: | 128,834 | 100.0% | 23 |

## Controversies
### Santorum remarks about use of English in Puerto Rico

In 2012 U.S. presidential candidate Rick Santorum was criticized during the runup to the Puerto Rican Republican primary for stating that if Puerto Rico opted to become a state, it would have to make English its primary language. As The New York Times reported:
   His remarks drew immediate criticism, and prompted one delegate who had been pledged to him to quit, saying he was offended. There is no rule in the Constitution requiring the adoption of English for the admittance of new states, and the United States does not have an official language.
   On Thursday Mr. Santorum and his aides scrambled to contain the damage, with the candidate saying several times that the local media had misquoted him as saying he wanted English to be the "only" language, whereas he believed that English should be the "primary language.
# Licciardi clan

The Licciardi clan (Italian pronunciation:) is a powerful Neapolitan Camorra clan that operates in the remote areas of Naples, specifically in the Secondigliano district and its stronghold of Masseria Cardone. Its sphere of influence extends to Scampia, Chiaiano, Miano and San Pietro a Patierno.

## Leadership

* 1980s-1994: Gennaro Licciardi, known as a scigna. (Died in prison in 1994)
* 1994-2008: Vincenzo Licciardi. (Arrested in 2008)
* 1994–present: Maria Licciardi, known as La Madrina.

## History

In the mid-eighties, Gennaro Licciardi, known as "a scigna-la scimmia", "the monkey" was the capozona in the district of Secondigliano for the Giuliano clan of Forcella. At that time, Licciardi was the second-in-command to boss Luigi Giuliano. The outskirts of the Secondigliano district was considered to be unimportant by the other Camorra bosses. A few years later, Gennaro Licciardi formed a fully independent clan that managed to turn the area into a strategic hub for the storage and trafficking of drugs. He also became the founding member of the Secondigliano Alliance, a coalition of powerful Camorra clans which controls drug trafficking and extortion rackets in many suburbs of Naples. Apart from the Licciardi clan, the alliance included the Contini, Mallardo, Lo Russo, Stabile, Prestieri, Bocchetti and Di Lauro clans.
After the death of Gennaro by blood poisoning in the Voghera prison on August 3, 1994, the management of the clan fell entirely to the brothers, Pietro "the Roman Emperor" and Vincenzo and also to his sister Maria, known as "la Piccolina", "the little one".
The clan used its influence to mediate between the Di Lauro clan and the so-called "secessionists" (Italian "scissionisti"), a breakaway fraction from the Di Lauro clan in the northern suburbs of Naples that tried to assert its control over drugs and prostitution rackets in the area. It therefore played an important role in putting an end to the Scampia feud.
On May 9, 2008, the Carabinieri seized goods worth 300 million euros and arrested 44 members of the Licciardi clan.
In February 2019, Giuseppe Musella, son of Maria Licciardi, was arrested. According to investigations, he was the current leader of the clan. Musella was arrested in Scampia for criminal association, robbery and kidnapping.

## Activities

On March 21, 2018, 19 arrests were made in Rome of alleged members belonging to the Licciardi clan and members of the Filippone 'ndrina and Gallico 'ndrina accused of drug trafficking.
According to Francesco Forgione, the former president of the Antimafia Commission, the Licciardi clan is active in the Netherlands, using the country to counterfeit clothes.
# Consumer Action

Consumer Action is a nonprofit, consumer education and advocacy center, serving consumers in the United States. Founded in 1971, Consumer Action, as a 510(c)(3) nonprofit organization.
It has offices in San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles.

## Overview

Consumer Action's frequent focus is consumer credit—and the related areas of credit cards, banking and finance, money management, and pricing; as well as health, housing, scams, fraud, privacy, and more. Consumer Action is known for its annual Credit Card Survey.
Consumer Action works in collaboration with numerous consumer protection, consumer advocacy organizations, and coalitions to file commentary on government legislation and briefs, such as Fair and Reasonable Fee for Credit Score Disclosure and for the publication of education and informational resources, such as Consumer Privacy Guide published jointly with: the Center for Democracy & Technology, Common Cause, the National Consumers League, and the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse.
Consumer Action is a consumer protection, education, and advocacy organization, as quantified by the Urban Institute's National Center for Charitable Statistics. It is often cited in consumer education campaigns and interviews, like ABC's the View from the Bay.

## Credit Card Survey

In June 1986, in collaboration with the Consumer Federation, Consumer Action introduced the Consumer Action Credit Card Survey, an annual survey of credit cards, banks, and lending practices. The survey has become well known for highlighting hidden practices of credit card vendors that are anti-consumer.
The annual survey has highlighted predatory lending practices; and has been used to gain the attention of lawmakers. Don Oldenburg, of The Washington Post sites the highlighting of questionable lending and payment practices as one of the resources used for Congress and federal bank regulators to these questionable and costly practices.
   Congress, a House bill called "The Consumer Credit Card Protection Act" would prohibit arbitrary universal default penalties. Another bill, "The Loan Shark Prevention Act," would establish a fair cap on credit card interest rates.
The survey has been quoted and used local and national sources, such as Smart Money, CNN Money, and The New York Times.
# 2013 Isiolo local elections

Local elections were held in Isiolo County to elect a Governor and County Assembly on 4 March 2013. Under the new constitution, which was passed in a 2010 referendum, the 2013 general elections were the first in which Governors and members of the County Assemblies for the newly created counties were elected. They will also be the first general elections run by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission(IEBC) which has released the official list of candidates.

## Gubernatorial election

| Candidate | Running Mate | Party | Votes |
| Adhi, Godana Doyo | Abdille, Muhamed Gulleid | United Republican Party | -- |
| Ali, Abdul Bahari | Lenawasae, Patrick | The National Alliance | -- |
| Dogo, Yusuf Wako | Ntongondu, Nicholas Mugambi | Wiper Democratic Movement – Kenya | -- |
| Maingi, Laikuru Domiziano | Lekoona, David Kitopia | Alliance Party of Kenya | -- |

### Prospective candidates

The following are some of the candidates who have made public their intentions to run:
* Godana Doyo - a lawyer
* Abdul Bahari Ali - Isiolo South MP
* Yussuf Dogo - Coordinator, Friends of Nomads
* Domiciano Mainge - Businessman

## County Assembly

Elected representatives included:
* Isiolo North - Joseph Samal
* Isiolo South - Abdullah Jaldesa Banticha
# Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies and Their Journey

Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies and Their Journey is a non-fiction book on the lives of the Romani people by the American-Uruguayan writer Isabel Fonseca published in 1995. The book is organized in eight chapters and contains black and white photographs and maps.

## Synopsis

In her book, Fonseca writes about the customs of the Roma (particularly, wedding, funeral rites, and their obsession with purity) and their daily lives, but she also explores their language and their mysterious origin. In addition, she discusses how history has affected current Gypsy settlements. To write this book, Fonseca lived with the Gypsies of Albania and traveled through Bulgaria, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the former Yugoslavia, and Romania for four years.
The title "Bury me standing" comes from a proverb which describes the plight of the Gypsies: "Bury me standing. I've been on my knees all my life."

## Reception

Many newspapers and magazines praised the work done by Isabel Fonseca and in a review for the New York Times Janet Maslin complimented her writing as being "erudite, beautifully written". Some reviewers noted that Fonseca was emotionally involved with her work, but that overall, she was objective in her description of Gypsy life and suffering.
Academic and scholarly reception was more critical and some noted that while the work was good, Bury Me Standing could not be considered an anthropological work. A reviewer from The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute noted that there was room for improvement in those chapters where she recorded the daily lives of the Gypsy family and in specifying more her research methodologies.
# 2014 Nanumaga by-election

A by-election was held in the Nanumaga constituency in Tuvalu on 14 January 2014. It followed the seat being declared vacant because of the ill-health of the incumbent Opposition MP Dr. Falesa Pitoi, on health grounds.

## Context

Dr. Pitoi, a dentist, had served as one of the two MPs for Nanumaga since 2006, and had been appointed Minister for Education, Youth and Sport in Prime Minister Willy Telavi's government on 24 December 2010. In January 2013, he was taken seriously ill while on an official visit to Cuba. He was hospitalised, and later travelled to New Zealand for further treatment. His prolonged absence from Parliament contributed to the Telavi government losing its parliamentary majority; Pitoi and the rest of Cabinet were voted out of office by Parliament on 2 August. Though still absent from the country, Pitoi was now officially an Opposition MP to the new government led by Prime Minister Enele Sopoaga.
In December 2013, Governor-General Sir Iakoba Italeli declared Pitoi's seat vacant in accordance with Section 99 (2) of the Tuvalu Constitution following a medical report on his health; he had now been away from the country for eleven months. Consequently, a by-election was announced to replace him. Monise Laafai retained the other Nanumaga seat, for which he had been elected in 2010.
The Sopoaga government hoped to win Pitoi's vacant seat from the Opposition, which would grant the government a two thirds majority in Parliament, and enable it in particular to elect a new Speaker, replacing Sir Kamuta Latasi, whom Sopoaga accused of being partisan.

## Candidates

Three candidates stood in the by-election: former Speaker, former deputy Prime Minister and former MP for Nanumaga Otinielu Tausi; Halo Tuavai, also a former Nanumaga MP; and Pai Teatu.

## Result and consequences

The by-election for the vacancy in the Nanumaga electorate occurred on 14 January 2014. Otinielu Tausi was the successful candidate. He did not immediately announce whether he supported the government or opposition, but eventually opted to join Prime Minister Enele Sopoaga's parliamentary majority, providing the Prime Minister with a two thirds majority in the Parliament. On 4 March 2014, Tausi was elected Speaker.
Nukufetau by-election, 2013 :
| Party | Party | Candidate |
| | Nonpartisan | Otinielu Tausi |
| | Nonpartisan | Halo Tuavai |
| | Nonpartisan | Pai Teatu |
| Majority | Majority | Majority |
| | Government gain from Opposition | Government gain from Opposition |

## 2010 result

Nanumaga constituency results :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Nonpartisan | Monise Laafai | 379 | 41.9 |
| Nonpartisan | Falesa Pitoi | 296 | 32.7 |
| Nonpartisan | Otinielu Tausi | 230 | 25.4 |
| Falesa Pitoi hold | Falesa Pitoi hold | Swing | |
| Monise Laafai gain from Otinielu Tausi | Monise Laafai gain from Otinielu Tausi | | |
# Kosovo at the 2023 World Athletics Championships

Kosovo competed at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, from 19 to 27 August 2023.

## Results

Kosovo entered 1 athlete.

### Key

* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* PB = Personal best
* SB = Season best
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Gresa Bakraçi | 1500 metres | DNF | DNF | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |