OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# TRPM

TRPM is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels (M standing for wikt:melastatin). Functional TRPM channels are believed to form tetramers. The TRPM family consists of eight different channels, TRPM1–TRPM8.
Unlike the TRPC and TRPV sub-families, TRPM subunits do not contain N-terminal ankyrin repeat motifs but, rather, contain entire functional proteins in their C-termini. TRPM6 and TRPM7, for example, contain functional α-kinase segments, which are a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase.

## Permeability and activation

The relative permeability of calcium and magnesium varies widely among TRPM channels.
* TRPM4 and TRPM5 are impermeable to calcium.
* TRPM3, TRPM6 and TRPM7 are highly permeable to both calcium and magnesium.
The mechanism of activation also varies greatly among TRPM channels.
* TRPM2 is activated by ADP-ribose adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose and functions as a sensor of redox status in cells.
* TRPM4 and TRPM5 are activated by intracellular calcium.
* TRPM8 can be activated by low temperatures, menthol, eucalyptol and icilin.

## Functions

Among the functional responsibilities of the TRPM channels are:
* regulation of calcium oscillations after T cell activation and prevention of cardiac conduction disorders (TRPM4).
* modulation of insulin secretion and sensory transduction in taste cells (TRPM5).
* cold sensation (TRPM8).
* heat sensation and inflammatory pain (TRPM3).
* regulation of magnesium reabsorption in the kidneys and absorption in the intestines (TRPM6).
* regulation of cell adhesion (TRPM7).

## Genes

* TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM5, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8
# Per Helander

Per Helander (born 1967) is a Swedish theoretical plasma physicist and a leading scientist in the world in stellarator physics. He is the head of Stellarator Theory Division at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics.

## Education and career

Helander was born in Umeå, his grandfather is Dick Helander, the former bishop of Strängnäs. Helander studied physics at Chalmers University of Technology, where he received a Master's degree in plasma physics in 1991. Subsequently, he earned a PhD degree at the same institution in theoretical physics in 1994 with a thesis titled Dynamics of Fast Ions in Tokamaks. His doctoral advisors were Mietek Lisak and Dan Anderson. Afterwards, Helander was a postdoctoral fellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the group of Dieter Sigmar. He then joined the theory department at Culham Science Centre (now Culham Centre for Fusion Energy) in Abingdon of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority in 1996. He was an adjunct professor at Chalmers University of Technology from 2002 till 2005. In 2006, Helander was appointed Scientific Fellow at the Greifswald Branch of the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics. He was appointed to a chair for theoretical plasma physics at the University of Greifswald.

## Honours and awards

In 2023, Helander was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society. In 2024, Helander was awarded the Hannes Alfvén Prize along with Tünde Fülöp for outstanding contributions to theoretical plasma physics, yielding groundbreaking results that significantly impact the understanding and optimization of magnetically confined fusion plasmas.
# Ayupovo

Ayupovo (Russian: Аюпово; Bashkir: Айып, Ayıp) is a rural locality (a village) in Yunusovsky Selsoviet, Mechetlinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 342 in total as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

## Geography

Ayupovo is located at 13 km south of Bolsheustyikinskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sabanakovo is the nearest rural locality.
# Baphia kirkii

Baphia kirkii is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Mozambique, Tanzania, and possibly Kenya. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Ayyappancoil

Ayyappancoil, also spelt Ayyappankovil is a village in newly formed Idukki taluk in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala. The place is popular for having a suspension bridge with a length of 200 meters and an old historic Sastha temple on the banks of Periyar river.
Ayyappancoil is 15 km (9.3 mi) far from Kattappana, which is a nearby major town. Ayyappancoil is located 45 km (28 mi) from District headquarters Painavu and 230 km (140 mi) from its State capital city Thiruvananthapuram . Ayyappancoil was a big township in early 1960s. During the construction of Idukki hydro-electric project, the township was evacuated by the Kerala government.

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census, Ayyappancoil village had population of 34,267 of which 16,943 are males while 17,324 are females. Ayyappancoil village spreads over an area of 85.73 km$^2$ (33.10 sq mi) with 8,736 families residing in it. In Ayyappancoil, 9.3% of the population was under 6 years of age. Ayyappancoil had an average literacy of 93.5% higher than the national average of 74% and lower than state average of 94%: male literacy was 95.4% and female literacy was 91.7%.

## Economy

Ayyappancoil is predominantly an agrarian based economy. Cash crops like cardamom, pepper and tea are widely cultivated here.

## Administration

Ayyappancoil panchayath was formed in 1977 and it spreads over an area of about 42.68 km$^2$. It is divided into 13 wards for administrative convenience. It is surrounded by Kanchiyar panchayath in north, Kumily in east, Upputhara in west and Elappara in south.

### Wards in Ayyappancoil panchayath

* Ayyappancoil
* Aanakuzhi
* Mattukatta
* Chembalam
* Dorland
* Palanikkavu
* Sulthaniya
* Pachakadu
* Heavenvalley
* K. Chappathu
* Aalady
* Poovanthikudi
* Marykulam

## Places of interest
### Ayyappancoil suspension (hanging) bridge

Ayyappancoil hanging (Suspension) bridge is built across the Periyar River, connecting the Ayyappancoil Grama panchayath and Kanchiyar Grama Panchayath in Idukki district, Kerala. The older road bridge over the Periyar River is submerged by the waters of the Idukki Reservoir for about 6 months in the year. The suspension bridge gives year round pedestrian access. This bridge is the longest hanging suspension bridge in the district. The suspension bridge draws a lot of tourists owing to its picturesque scenery.

### Ayyappancoil Sastha Temple

The old temple dedicated to Sastha which is on the banks of Periyar river is a main landmark of Ayyappancoil. The idol here is believed to consecrated by sage Parashurama himself. The temple is submerged when the water level in Idukki reservoir rises during the Southwest monsoon from June onwards. The temple was later shifted to Thoppipala, which is on the Kattappana - Kuttikkanam state highway. However, local people prefer to worship at the original temple. The sreekovil has been raised so that it is above the water when the temple is submerged. Pilgrims reach the temple across the Idukki reservoir via small canoes. A bamboo bridge is made by tribals from the shore to the temple for access during major festivals.
# TRPP

TRPP (transient receptor potential polycystic) is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels which when mutated can cause polycystic kidney disease.

## Subcategories

TRPP subunits can be divided into two subcategories depending on structural similarity.

### Polycystic Kidney Disease 1 (PKD1)-Like Group

The first group, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1)-like, contains polycystin-1 (Previously known as TRPP1), PKDREJ, PKD1L1, PKD1L2, and PKD1L3. Polycystin-1 contains numerous N-terminal adhesive domains that are important for cell-cell contact. This group of subunits also contain a large extracellular domain with numerous polycystin motifs. These motifs are of unknown function and are located between the S6 and S7 segments. The large intracellular C-terminal segment of TRPP1 seems to interact with TRPP2 to act as a signaling complex.

### Polycystic Kidney Disease 2 (PKD2)-Like Group

This group of TRPP members (previously known as TRPP2-like) are: TRPP1 (previously known as TRPP2 or PKD2), TRPP2 (previously known as TRPP3 or PKDL2), and TRPP3 (previously known as TRPP5 or polycystin-L2). Unlike the previous group, which contain 11 membrane-spanning segments, this group resemble other TRP channels, having 6 membrane-spanning segments with intracellular N- and C-termini. All of the members of this group contain a coiled coil region in their C-terminus involved in the interaction with the polycystin-1 group. TRPP1 and TRPP3 form constitutively active cation-selective ion channels that are permeable to calcium. TRPP2 has also been implicated in sour taste perception. Coupling of PKD1 and TRPP1 recruits TRPP1 to the membrane. Here, its activity is decreased and it suppresses the activation of G proteins by PKD1.

## Genes

* Group 1: polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) like proteins
** PKD1 PKD1
** PKDREJ
** PKD1L1
** PKD1L2
** PKD1L3
* Group 2: polycystic kidney disease 2 (PKD2) like proteins
** TRPP1 PKD2
** TRPP2 PKD2L1
** TRPP3 PKD2L2
# Baphia macrocalyx

Baphia macrocalyx is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Mozambique and Tanzania. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# The Reckless Lady

The Reckless Lady is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Howard Higgin and starring Belle Bennett, Lois Moran, James Kirkwood, and Lowell Sherman.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, the attentions of Feodor, a Russian, to Mrs. Fleming results in her husband, Colonel Fleming, leaving her. The wife retains the child Sylvia. Years later Mrs. Fleming is gambling in Monte Carlo. Feodor reappears and makes love to Sylvia. The American Ralph Hillier was her other suiter. Mrs. Fleming attempts to commit suicide but is saved by Ralph and her husband. The Colonel pursues Feodor, who leaps over a cliff. The elder Fleming couple are reunited, and Sylvia accepts Ralph.

## Cast

* Belle Bennett as Mrs. Fleming
* James Kirkwood as Colonel Fleming
* Lois Moran as Sylvia Fleming
* Lowell Sherman as Feodor
* Ben Lyon as Ralph Hillier
* Marcia Harris as Sophie
* Charles Murray as Gendarme
* Lucia Backus Seger as Fortune Teller
* Barbara Barondess as Minor Role (uncredited)
* Thomas Holding as Minor Role (uncredited)

## Preservation

With no prints of The Reckless Lady located in any film archives, it is a lost film.
# Sugging

Sugging is a market research industry term, meaning "selling under the guise of research". This behavior occurs when a product marketer falsely pretends to be a market researcher conducting a survey, when in reality they are simply trying to sell the product in question.
Generally considered unethical, this tactic is prohibited or strongly disapproved of by trade groups, such as the UK Market Research Society MRS, CASRO and MRA, for their member research companies.
# James C. McDearmon

James Calvin McDearmon (June 13, 1844 – July 19, 1902) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 9th congressional district of Tennessee.

## Biography

McDearmon was born on June 13, 1844, in New Canton, Virginia in Buckingham County. He moved with his parents to Gibson County, Tennessee in 1846. He attended Andrew College in Trenton, Tennessee from 1858 to 1861.

## Career and marriage

McDearmon entered the Confederate Army in April 1862 and served throughout the war in Cheatham's division, Army of Tennessee. He was wounded twice during the war at Murfreesboro and at Franklin and surrendered with Johnston's Army at Greensboro, North Carolina.
After the war, McDearmon studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1867, and commenced practice in Trenton, Tennessee. He was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Congresses. He served from March 4, 1893 to March 3, 1897. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1896. He resumed the practice of his profession in Trenton. He was married, Dec. 4, 1867, to Theodora, daughter of M. T. McCulloch of Hayward county, Tenn.

## Death

McDearmon died in Trenton, Tennessee in Gibson County on July 19, 1902 (age 58 years, 36 days). He is interred at Oakland Cemetery.
# The Sacrifice (1909 film)

The Sacrifice is a 1909 American silent short drama film directed by D. W. Griffith.

## Cast

* Harry Solter as Mr. Hardluck
* Florence Lawrence as Mrs. Hardluck
* Linda Arvidson as At Wigmakers
* John R. Cumpson as At Jewelers
* George Gebhardt as At Jewelers / At Pawnshop
* Arthur V. Johnson as At Wigmakers
* Marion Leonard as At Wigmakers
* Owen Moore
* Mack Sennett as At Wigmakers / At Jewelers / At Pawnshop
# George "Blue" Johnston

George Bain "Blue" Johnston" (27 March 1907, date of death unknown) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Glenelg in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) between 1927 and 1940.
Johnston was nicknamed "Blue" in typical Australian fashion due to his red hair. Johnston played when the Glenelg club (formed in 1920) was still very much struggling to be competitive against the other seven, more established, sides in the League. Indeed, apart from the 1934 premiership, the highest the club finished during Johnston's playing career was sixth.
Johnston played 203 league games (the first Glenelg player to pass the 200 mark) during his career, won three best and fairest awards, and put in a best afield performance as the club broke its premiership duck against Port Adelaide in 1934. He also won the SANFL's highest individual honour – the Magarey Medal for the best and fairest player – in 1934.
Jeff Pash, himself a Magarey Medallist in 1939, described Johnston as "a phenomenal leaper for the ball ... he had the sort of (frightening) steel-spring strength about him that John Coleman had. All of him – and he was tall and strong – was up there for that ball."
Although smaller than most opposition ruckmen, in addition to his brilliant leap, he was extraordinarily powerful, an asset which served him well when playing for South Australia against the bigger bodies of Victoria.

## Family

George "Blue" Johnston was a son of George Johnston, captain of the S.S. Cadell on the Spencer Gulf trade, and the Charles Sturt on the River Murray. His grandfather, George Bain Johnston, was a noted pioneer of the River Murray steamboat era.
# Schumacher Racing Products

Schumacher Racing Products is a British manufacturer of radio-controlled cars and accessories.

## History

The founder, Cecil Schumacher, was a Cosworth transmission engineer who was recruited from Borg Warner to lead the design team to adapt the Hobbs transmission (which he had worked on) to handle the Cosworth DFV's power. Cecil spotted his workmates driving radio-controlled cars on the company's helipad and decided it needed a ball differential after noticing the cars skittered. He soon started noticing different ways these early primitive cars could be improved. Having noticed high tyre wear he introduced the ball differential to radio-controlled cars.
in 1981 Schumacher Racing Products was formed in Northampton, England, after a local model shop requested the ball differentials used by Cecil's son Robin and his friends. Schumacher soon started selling internationally.
The company has always operated out of Northampton but sources some components from China like most other RC companies; however, the majority of manufacturing remains in England. Cecil Schumacher's son Robin Schumacher took over the business in 2001.

## Racing Success
### IFMAR World Championships

| Year | Title | Driver | Model | Report |
| 1987 | 1:10 4WD Off-Road | Masami Hirosaka | CAT XL | report |
| 2020 | 1:12 Elec. Track | Marc Rheinard | Eclipse 3 | report |
| 2020 | 1:12 Elec. Track, Stock | Andy Murray | Eclipse 3 | report |

### European Championships

1985 - Andy Dobson 1:12 1988 - Phil Davies 1:12 1988 - Jürgen Lauterbach, 3rd 1:12

### ROAR National Championships

| Year | Title | Driver | Model | Ref. | Report |
| 1987 | 1:10 4WD Off-Road | Jim Dieter | "Dieter" CAT | | |
| 1995 | 1:10 4WD Off-Road | Brad Reelfs | CAT 2000 EC | | |
# Bailu, Chongqing

Bailu (Chinese: 白鹿; pinyin: Báilù) is a town under the administration of Wuxi County, Chongqing, China. As of 2018, it has 2 residential communities and 10 villages under its administration.
# Feldkirchen District

Bezirk Feldkirchen is a district of the state of Carinthia in Austria.

## Municipalities

Towns (Städte) are indicated in boldface; suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
* Albeck (2)
** Albeck Obere Schattseite, Albeck Untere Schattseite, Benesirnitz, Egarn, Frankenberg, Grillenberg, Hochrindl, Hochrindl-Alpl, Hochrindl-Kegel, Hochrindl-Tatermann, Hofern, Holzern, Kalsberg, Kogl, Kruckenalm, Lamm, Leßnitz, Neualbeck, Oberdörfl, Obereggen, Seebachern, Sirnitz, Sirnitz-Schattseite, Sirnitz-Sonnseite, Sirnitz-Winkl, Spitzwiesen, St. Ruprecht, Stron, Unterdörfl, Untereggen, Weitental, Wippa
* Feldkirchen in Kärnten (1)
* Glanegg (3)
** Bach, Besendorf, Deblach, Flatschach, Friedlach, Glanegg, Glantscha, Gösselsberg, Gramilach, Grintschach, Haidach, Kadöll, Krobathen, Kulm, Maria Feicht, Maria Feicht-Gegend, Mauer, Mautbrücken, Meschkowitz, Metschach, Paindorf, Rottendorf, Schwambach, St. Gandolf, St. Leonhard, Tauchendorf, Unterglanegg
* Gnesau (4)
** Bergl, Eben, Gnesau, Görzberg, Görzwinkl, Gurk, Haidenbach, Maitratten, Mitteregg, Sonnleiten, Weißenbach, Zedlitzdorf
* Himmelberg (5)
** Außerteuchen, Dragelsberg, Draschen, Eden, Flatschach, Fresen, Glanz, Grilzberg, Grilzgraben, Grintschach, Himmelberg, Hochegg, Kaidern, Klatzenberg, Kösting, Kraß, Lassen, Linz, Manessen, Oberboden, Pichlern, Pojedl, Sallach, Saurachberg, Schleichenfeld, Schwaig, Sonnleiten, Spitzenbichl, Tiebel, Tiffnerwinkl, Tobitsch, Tschriet, Werschling, Winklern, Wöllach, Zedlitzberg
* Ossiach (6)
** Alt-Ossiach, Ossiach, Ostriach, Rappitsch, Tauern, Untertauern
* Reichenau (7)
** Ebene Reichenau, Falkertsee, Falkertsee, Hinterkoflach, Lassen, Lorenzenberg, Mitterdorf, Patergassen, Plaß, Rottenstein, Saureggen, Schuß, Seebach, St. Lorenzen, St. Margarethen, Turracherhöhe, Vorderkoflach, Vorwald, Waidach, Wiederschwing, Wiedweg, Winkl
* Sankt Urban (8)
** Agsdorf, Agsdorf-Gegend, Bach, Bach-St. Urban, Eggen, Gall, Gasmai, Göschl, Gößeberg, Grai, Hafenberg, Kleingradenegg, Lawesen, Oberdorf, Reggen, Retschitz, Retschitz-Simonhöhe, Rittolach, Rogg, St. Paul, St. Urban, Stattenberg, Trenk, Tumpf, Zirkitz, Zwattendorf
* Steindorf am Ossiacher See (9)
** Apetig, Bichl, Bodensdorf, Burg, Burgrad, Golk, Langacker, Nadling, Ossiachberg, Pfaffendorf, Regin, Sonnberg, St. Urban, Steindorf am Ossiacher See, Stiegl, Stiegl, Tiffen, Tratten, Tscherneitsch, Tschöran, Unterberg, Winkl Ossiachberg
* Steuerberg (10)
** Dölnitz, Eden, Edern, Edling, Felfern, Fuchsgruben, Glabegg, Goggau, Graben, Hart, Hinterwachsenberg, Jeinitz, Kerschdorf, Köttern, Kraßnitz, Niederwinklern, Pölling, Prapra, Regenfeld, Rennweg, Rotapfel, Sallas, Sassl, Severgraben, St. Martin, Steuerberg, Thörl, Unterhof, Wabl, Wachsenberg, Wiggis
# Medial cluneal nerves

The medial clunial nerves innervate the skin of the buttocks closest to the midline of the body. Those nerves arise from the posterior rami of spinal sacral nerves (S1, S2, and S3).

## Additional images

* Diagram of the distribution of the cutaneous branches of the posterior divisions of the spinal nerves.
* The posterior divisions of the sacral nerves.
# Lochloosa Lake

Lochloosa Lake is a lake about 5,700 acres (2,300 ha) in area in Alachua County, Florida, near Hawthorne, and is up to 10 feet (3.0 m) deep. It is drained by Cross Creek into Orange Lake. It is largely surrounded by the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area and is a Fish Management Area. Lochloosa Creek is its largest tributary. The lake is noted for bass and crappie fishing.
The lake has become choked with weeds such as hydrilla. The water level in the lake varies by up to 10 feet (3.0 m). The variation in water level is healthy for the lake, and the Orange Creek Basin Advisory Council decided to not try to force a stable water level.
# Sural nerve complex

The sural nerve complex are the contributing nerves that form the sural nerve. There are eight documented anatomic variations of the sural nerve complex.

## Origins

In 1987, an orthopedic surgeon named Dr. Ortiguela of the Mayo Clinic conducted a cadaveric study in which the posterior leg was exposed. She was studying the nerve fascicle contribution of each of the nerves that contribute to the final formation of the sural nerve to find better nerve donors. She originated the term sural nerve complex to fully encompass all contributions to the terminally named sural nerve (and later lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve). Further research would go on to use the sural nerve complex terminology to discuss the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, the medial sural cutaneous nerve, the sural communicating nerve and sural nerve proper.

### Morphology

Recent cadaveric research shows that there are potentially six to eight variations of the sural nerve complex.
Ramakrishnan et al. reviewed 39 cadaveric studies (limbs n= 3974) and concluded that there were 6 common classifications of the contributing nerves in the origins of the sural nerve. Later cadaveric research in which 208 limbs were dissected demonstrated two variations that were unaccounted for and directly align with what previous sural nerve anatomists had uncovered in both case reports and direct research. These two variations (type 7 and 8 according to Steele et al.) demonstrate a parallel course for the medial sural cutaneous nerve and the sural nerve.
Most common formations are type 1 and 3 according to Ramakrishnan et al., Steele et al. found the same prevalence of sural nerve complex formation. The following image is of type 1-8 sural nerve formation and is a replica of what both Ramakrishan and Steele found in their work. Ramakrishnan successfully defined (types 1-6) with the largest difference being the addition of type 7 and 8 sural nerve complex by Steele. These two formations were robustly vetted due to their prevalence in the sample (in a high power study) that directly correlates with both historical and previous case literature describing formations of these SNC types.

### Contributing Nerves

* Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
* Medial sural cutaneous nerve
* Sural communicating nerve

## Additional images

* 8 documented types of sural nerve formation, nerves are in order by type starting at top left and ending on bottom right.
* Most common formation (type 1) of the sural nerve depicted in the popliteal fossa
* Most common formation of the sural nerve by Steele et al.
* Areas of skin sensation supplied by nerves in the leg.
* Areas of skin supplied by nerves of the leg - the sural nerve supplies the lateral ankle.
* Deep nerves of the front of the leg.
* Course of nerves at the bottom of the foot.