OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kashmir Gill

Kashmir (Kash) Gill (Punjabi: ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ ਗਿੱਲ) is the former mayor of Yuba City, California. Gill served two terms as mayor, from 2009 to 2010 and from 2013 to 2014. Gill also served on the City Council of Yuba City. Gill was the first Sikh to be elected mayor in the United States.

## Early life

At three years old, Gill emigrated with his family from Lakhsina village in the Hoshiarpur district of Punjab, India, after his uncle Bains sponsored them. Gill worked in his family's peach orchards and prune orchards until he was 13 years old. As an adult, Gill became the business manager of his family's farm.
Gill graduated from Yuba City High School, Yuba Community College, and California State University, Chico, where he earned a bachelor's degree in agricultural business in 1987. Gill graduated from California Agricultural Leadership Program and the Graduate School of Banking, Boulder, Colorado, in 2006.

## Professional career

As of 2000, Gill was vice president and regional manager of Butte Community Bank in Yuba City, California. In 2001, Gill was on the board of directors of the Yuba City Sikh Temple.
As of 2006, Gill was working at Banner Bank as senior vice president, where he leads the Northern California Agribusiness Division. Gill is an active member of the Republican Party.

## Political career

Gill ran for a seat on the five-member Yuba City Council in 2004, but Gill did not win a seat in the election.
Gill successfully ran for Yuba City Council in 2006. Gill ran for reelection to the Yuba City Council in 2008. Because Gill received the second-most votes in the election, he served as Yuba City's vice mayor in 2008, and Gill was subsequently sworn in as Yuba City's mayor on November 10, 2009. The position of mayor of Yuba City is held in rotation by the two individuals who received the most votes in city council elections. Gill was the first Punjabi American and first Sikh to be mayor of Yuba City. Gill was also one of the first Indian mayors in America, and the first Sikh to be elected mayor in the United States. Gill served a second term as vice-mayor of Yuba City from 2012 to 2013, and he served a second term as mayor of Yuba City from 2013 to 2014.
As mayor, Gill advocated for federal funds to be used for the city's levee upgrades. He also formed the gang task force and economic task force.
In addition to Gill's public service as mayor, vice-mayor, and council member for Yuba City, he has served as chair of the Yuba-Sutter Chamber of Commerce; member of the board of directors of the Fremont-Rideout Hospital Foundation; and member of the board of directors of the Sutter Health Foundation.

## Personal life

He is the son of Sikh American parents and is of the Sikh faith. Kash is married to Neena Gill, and they have three children named Harveen, Rajan, and Preya.
# Bekim Çollaku

Bekim Çollaku was Minister of European Integration of Kosovo. He previously served as the Chief of Staff of the Prime Minister of Kosovo Hashim Thaçi between 2007 and 2014. Prior to joining the Cabinet of Prime Minister Thaçi, he worked as Assistant Lecturer at Prishtina University, Department of Political Sciences and as a researcher in the Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development.
Çollaku was a member of the Kosovo negotiating team in the EU facilitated Political Dialogue for Normalization of Relations between Kosovo and Serbia between 2011 and 2014.
He served as Political Advisor to the first elected Kosovo Prime Minister Bajram Rexhepi between 2003 and 2004.
Bekim Çollaku is a member of the Democratic Party of Kosovo (Albanian: Partia Demokratike e Kosovës – PDK).
In his position as the Minister of European Integration Çollaku played the role of Kosovo's chief negotiator in the negotiations between the European Commission and Kosovo for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement. After the approval of the SAA by the Council of the European Union on 22 October 2015 in Luxembourg, Çollaku co-signed the SAA on behalf of Kosovo at the Office of the High Representative Federica Mogherini at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France on 27 October 2015.

## Education

Bekim Çollaku holds a master's degree in International Studies obtained at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in United Kingdom and currently is a PhD candidate in Political Science at Ghent University, Belgium. His academic background is in the field of International Relations, with a particular focus on the European Union’s foreign policy (CFSP/CSDP).

## Personal life

Bekim Çollaku is married to Aferdita Çollaku and has two children.

## Publications

* Ethnic Centralization and the Perils of Confusing Solutions. KIPRED discussion paper, 2007
* Kosovo’s Capacity for EU Integration : Don’t let the grass grow under your feet!. KIPRED policy brief, 2006
* A just finial settlement for Kosovo is imperative for the peace and stability in Balkans. MA Thesis, University of Newcastle, 2003
# Orešje, Sveta Nedelja

Orešje is a settlement (naselje) in the Sveta Nedelja administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,043 persons.
# In Too Deep (Dead or Alive song)

"In Too Deep" is a song by English pop band Dead or Alive. It was included on their 1985 studio album Youthquake, and was remixed for release as the third single. The choice of song was criticised by producer Pete Waterman, who felt it strayed too far from the formula of the band's mega-hit, "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)". It peaked at No. 14 in the UK Singles Chart, No. 61 in Germany and No. 31 in Australia. Chris Heath of Smash Hits praised the song, saying "it's quite good".

## Chart performance

| Chart (1985) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 31 |
| Finnish Single Chart | 30 |
| German Singles Chart | 61 |
| Irish Singles Chart | 12 |
| UK Singles Chart | 14 |
# Charles Rembar

Charles Rembar (March 12, 1915 – October 24, 2000) was an American attorney best known as a First Amendment rights lawyer.

## Early life and career

Rembar was born in Oceanport, New Jersey, and grew up in Long Branch, New Jersey. He graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree in 1935 and received his law degree from Columbia Law School in 1938. He worked for several New Deal agencies after graduating from law school and then served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II, after which he moved back to the New York area, living in Scarsdale and working in Manhattan.
Rembar founded the law firm of Rembar & Curtis, which represented writers such as Louise Erdrich, Tom Clancy, Herman Wouk, and Norman Mailer, both as lawyers and often as literary agents.

## First Amendment cases

In 1959, Grove Press published an unexpurgated version of Lady Chatterley's Lover by D. H. Lawrence. The U.S. Post Office confiscated copies sent through the mail. Rembar, working for Grove Press, sued the New York city postmaster and won in New York and then on federal appeal. Subsequently, he defended Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer and John Cleland's Fanny Hill – the latter argued before the U.S. Supreme Court – which played a major role in changing the nation's approach to obscenity.

## Books

In 1968, he published a book documenting the trials called The End of Obscenity: The Trials of Lady Chatterley, Tropic of Cancer and Fanny Hill, which won a George Polk Award in journalism. In 1975, he published a collection of wide-ranging essays titled Perspective. In 1980 he wrote The Law of the Land: The Evolution of Our Legal System, a general history of the evolution of Anglo-American law, written for the non-lawyer and non-historian.

## Death

He died in the Bronx, New York City, on October 24, 2000.
# Amrillo Inoyatov

Amrillo Inoyatov (uzb: Inoyatov Amrillo cycrillic: Иноятов Амрилло Шодиевич born 1979 Bukhara, Uzbekistan) is an Uzbekistani plastic surgeon, former Minister at the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan and former Deputy Advisor to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on youth, science, education, healthcare, culture and sports. In 2024, he has been appointed as the Director of the Institute of Health and Strategic Development.

## Career

* 2017 - Rector of the Bukhara State Medical Institute
* 2020 - National counterpart of the World Health Organization
* 2020 - July-November - Deputy Advisor to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on youth, science, education, healthcare, culture and sports.
* 2020 November – December 2022 - First Deputy Minister of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
* 30 December 2022 - Minister of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan

## Scientific literature

Inoyatov is the Chairman of the editorial board of the journal "World Medicine Journal" since 2020
* The condition of immune system of infants with congenital cleft lip and palate (March 2012)
* The level of mediators of immune response in infants with congenital cleft lip and palate. Medical and Health Science Journal (2012)
* Comparative Assessment of Structural and Functional Changes in Periodontal Tissues during Prosthetics with Metal-Ceramic and Zirconium Dentures (2020)
# Sharon Shewmake

Sharon Anne Shewmake (born May 19, 1980) is an American politician of the Democratic Party, and a professor of Economics and Energy Policy at Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington. Shewmake represents the 42nd district in the Washington State Senate after serving two terms in the State House.

## Career

Shewmake holds a Ph.D. in Agricultural and Resource Economics from the University of California, Davis, and Bachelor's degrees in both Economics and in Environmental Science and Policy from Duke University.
Her academic work focuses on the economics of housing and transportation, the impacts of environmental policies, and microeconomics. Her publications have examined, among other subjects, the impacts of policies meant to reduce air pollution and congestion as well as how consumers respond to environmental labels, including labels for agricultural products.

## Political career

In the November 2018 general election, Shewmake defeated four-term incumbent Vincent Buys for State Representative (Pos. 2) by 981 votes. She took office in January 2019. In 2020, she won reelection, beating Republican Jennifer Sefzik by 3,134 votes.
Shewmake served on three committees in the State House. She serves as the Vice Chair of the Rural Development, Agriculture, and Natural Resources Committee and sits on the Energy and Environment Committee and the Transportation Committee.
Her political work is focused on bringing down the cost of childcare and removing barriers to access, improving the economics of energy and energy transparency, as well as service to the agriculture industry.
On November 19, 2021, Shewmake announced she was running to represent the 42nd district in the Washington Senate. Shewmake advanced to the general election with 47% of the vote in the blanket primary, opposing incumbent Republican Simon Sefzik, her former opponent Jennifer Sefzik’s son who was appointed to the position in January 2022 following the death of State Senator Doug Erickson. In the general election, Shewmake defeated Sefzik by over 800 votes. Shewmake was sworn in on December 9, 2022
# Gruta de las Maravillas

The Gruta de las Maravillas (English: "Grotto of the Marvels") is a cave in the town center of Aracena, Andalusia, Spain. It was the first Spanish cave to be opened to the public in 1914. It includes a total of 2130 subterranean meters of subterranean passages. According to popular tradition, its discoverer was a shepherd, and the first historical reference of its existence dates from 1886.
# City (Client album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 60/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Exclaim! | positive |
| Pitchfork Media | 5.9/10 |
| Playlouder | 4/5 |
| PopMatters | mixed |
| Release Magazine | 7/10 |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Slant Magazine | |
| Uncut | 6/10 |
| Yahoo! Music | |
City is the second studio album by English electronic music group Client, released on 27 September 2004 by Toast Hawaii. The album features guest appearances by Carl Barât and Pete Doherty of The Libertines, as well as Martin L. Gore of Depeche Mode.

## Track listing

All songs written by Client.
* "Radio" – 4:16
* "Come On" – 4:03
* "Overdrive" – 3:50
* "One Day at a Time" – 4:40
* "Cracked" – 0:49
* "In It for the Money" – 3:35
* "Pornography" – 4:08
* "Down to the Underground" – 3:02
* "The Chill of October" – 4:52
* "Theme" – 2:25
* "Don't Call Me Baby" – 4:04
* "It's Rock and Roll" – 3:26
* "Everything Must End" – 4:40

## Personnel

Credits adapted from City album liner notes.
* Client – production
* Carl Barât – additional vocals (7)
* Anne Carruthers – mixing assistant
* DJ Brass – photography
* Pete Doherty – additional vocals (8)
* Louise Downer – artwork design
* Scott Fairbrother – guitar (8)
* Andy Fletcher – executive producer
* Mathieu Gendreau – engineering (Client B's vocals)
* Martin L. Gore – additional vocals (3)
* Matt Nida – web design
* Mandy Parnell – mastering
* Paul Tipler – mixing
* Joe Wilson – producer (all tracks); backing vocals (12)

## Release history

| Country | Date | Label |
| United States | 21 September 2004 | Mute Records |
| Canada | 21 September 2004 | Mute Records |
| Scandinavia | 24 September 2004 | Toast Hawaii |
| France | 27 September 2004 | Labels |
| Germany | 27 September 2004 | Mute Records |
| United Kingdom | 24 January 2005 | Toast Hawaii |
# Hug de Llupià

Hug de Llupià i Bages (Roussillon, ? - ?, 1427), was bishop of Tortosa, bishop of Valencia, and a Catalan writer in Latin. He belonged to a noble family from the Roussillon, and he was the brother of Ramon de Llupià. He had a lot of influence and was next to the king most of the time he lived.

## Life

He was son of Pere de Llupià, who was the lord of Bages in Catalonia and the castle of Monistrol in the Roussillon, and brother of Ramon de Llupià.
He was appointed bishop of Tortosa in 1379, and he was there until 1397. In 1388 he stated in his diocese the Immaculate Conception festivity, and he issued several synode constitutions for the years 1390, 1393 and 1397. When the king of the Crown of Aragon John the Hunter died, he was part of a commission that went to Sicily in order to meet Martin the Humane and to ask him to come back to Catalonia. The Avignon Pope Benedict XIII, as a consequence of a request from King Martin, moved him to the see of Valencia, where he was bishop from 1398 to 1427, when he died. In 1408 he went to the Council of Perpignan and, when he came back to Valencia, he was triumphantly received. He did not take part, however, in the Council of Constance. He summoned a synod in 1422 and issued eight constitutions, which dealt with the mass celebration. He is buried in the main chapel of the Cathedral of Valencia. Francesc Eiximenis dedicated to him the Pastorale, which is a book written in Latin that deals with advice for priests and bishops, and that follows the classical Saint Gregory's Pastorale.

## Works

* Liturgical and synode constitutions (in Latin)
* Liber Instrumentorum (in Latin)
# Ascot Silver Cup

The Ascot Silver Cup, currently known for sponsorship purposes as the Howden Silver Cup, is a Premier Handicap National Hunt race in Great Britain. It is a handicap steeplechase. It is run at Ascot Racecourse, over a distance of about 3 miles (2 miles 7 furlongs and 180 yards, or 4,791 metres) and during its running there 20 fences to be jumped. The race is scheduled to take place in December.
The race was first run in 1965 and was sponsored by Scaffolding Great Britain and known as the SGB Chase until 1992. It was then known as the Betterware Cup between 1993 and 1998 inclusive.
The race has been known as the Silver Cup Handicap Chase with various sponsors since 1999, but now lacks the prestige of its earlier days. It was re-classified as a Premier Handicap in 2022 when Listed status was removed from handicap races.

## Records

Most successful horse (2 wins):
* Door Latch – 1985, 1986
* Regal Encore – 2016, 2019
* Victtorino - 2023, 2024
Leading jockey (3 wins):
* Tony McCoy - Go Ballistic (1996), Tresor De Mai (1999), Shooting Light (2001)
Leading trainer (4 wins):
* Josh Gifford – Henry Bishop (1980), Door Latch (1985, 1986), Ballyhane (1988)
* Nicky Henderson - Raffi Nelson (1979), Raymylette (1994), Gold Present (2017), Valtor (2018)

## Winners

* ↑ amateur jockey
* ↑ The race was abandoned in 1991 due to frost
* ↑ Due to the closure of Ascot Racecourse for redevelopment, the race was switched to Windsor in 2004
* ↑ The race (to be held at Windsor) was abandoned in 2005 due to frost
* 1 2 The race was abandoned in 2009 and 2010 due to snow
* ↑ The 2022 race was abandoned because of a frozen track
# Ryan Daut

Ryan Daut (born April 18, 1984) is an American poker player from New Jersey. After earning a degree in mathematics and computer science from the University of Richmond in 2006, Daut began work on a doctorate in mathematics at Penn State University. He dropped out of the program after one semester to play poker professionally.
Ryan Daut started out competitive gaming in StarCraft and StarCraft: Brood War..
On January 10, 2007, Daut won a World Poker Tour event at the PokerStars Caribbean Poker Adventure. He defeated Isaac Haxton heads up and won $1,535,255 for first place.
As of 2010, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,800,000.
# William Russell Robinson

William Russell Robinson (February 5, 1942 – June 9, 2020) was an American politician who served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1989 to 2002.

## Early life and education

A native of Pittsburgh, Robinson is a 1960 graduate of Schenley High School. He earned a degree in political science from Ohio State University in 1964 and a master's degree in political science from Duquesne University in 1972.

## Career

Robinson began his career as a member of the Pittsburgh City Council.
He was first elected to represent the 19th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1988. He was defeated in the 2002 Democratic primary by Jake Wheatley, a staffer for Pittsburgh City Councilman Sala Udin, a Robinson rival.

## Death

Robinson died on June 9, 2020, in Pittsburgh.
# Joule Unlimited

Joule Unlimited, formerly known as Joule Biotechnologies, was a producer of alternative energy technologies based in Bedford, Massachusetts. The company developed a process to generate hydrocarbon-based fuel by combining non-fresh water, nutrients, cyanobacteria, carbon dioxide, and sunlight. After ten years of operation and building a demonstration plant in New Mexico, the company shut down in August 2017. The company shut down after management was unable to raise money.

## Technology claims

The company claimed it would be able to produce more than 20,000 gallons of fuel per acre per year (19,000 m$^3$/km$^2$/annum) in almost refined form using carbon dioxide waste from industrial processes and desert land.
Helioculture uses photosynthetic organisms, but is otherwise distinct from the process that makes fuel from algae. Oils made from algae usually have to be refined into fuel following a batch process, but helioculture secretes fuel directly rather than storing it in their cells - either ethanol or hydrocarbons - that do not need refining. The helioculture process also does not produce biomass. This process is enabled by the discovery of unique genes coding for enzymatic mechanisms that enable the direct synthesis of such key molecules as alkanes, olefins, ethanol and polymers and other high-value chemicals ordinarily derived from petroleum, using bacterial variants. Helioculture allows for brackish water or graywater, nonindustrial waste water from sources such as baths and washing machines, to be used, while traditional biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol require fresh water.
Joule Unlimited claimed that its product would have been cost competitive with crude oil at $50 a barrel ($310/m$^3$). The company also stated that its product could supply all of the transportation fuel for the United States from an area the size of the Texas panhandle.
Joule Unlimited did not reveal the name of the organism that it used, although it acknowledged that the company had modified the organism. In September, 2010, Joule received a patent for genetically altered bacterium.

## People

Joule Unlimited was founded in 2007 within Flagship VentureLabs by Noubar Afeyan and David Berry. In addition to its founders, Joule's Board of Directors included Graham Allison, Anatoly Chubais, Stelios Papadopoulos, Caroline Dorsa, and Ruben Vardanian. Joule's Scientific Advisory Board includes synthetic biologists George M. Church and Jim Collins.

## Audi partnership

After building a demonstration plant in New Mexico, Joule Unlimited entered into a strategic partnership with Audi in 2012 to accelerate the commercialization of their fuels, ethanol named Sunflow-E and diesel named Sunflow-D. Audi brands them as e-ethanol and e-diesel respectively.
# Navigation School, Copenhagen

The Navigation School (Danish: Navigationsskolen) is a former educational institution in Copenhagen, Denmark. Its Historicist building on Havnegade (Havnegade 23) is listed.

## History
### The first navigation schools

The first navigation school was established by Christian IV in the building which was later converted into Church of Holmen in 1619. The building moved to Bremerholm in 1647. The Royal Navigation School developed into a naval officers' academy and the Shipowners' Guild therefore established a new Navigation School in 1585.

### The new school

The Association for the Promotion of the Shipping Industry (Danish: Foreningen til Søfartens Fremme) was founded in 1842. In 1852, it took over Copenhagen Navigation School from the Shipowners' Guild and appointed Emil Tuxen as its new director.
The school was initially based in the Shipowners' Guild House in Lille Kongensgade. In 1859, Ferdinand Meldahl was charged with the design of a new building for the school on Havnegade in the new Gammelholm district. The project was delayed by the need to find an additional tenant but the Association for the Promotion of the Shipping Industry finally purchased the lot after a contract with the life insurance company Livsrenteanstalten had been closed. The foundation stone was set by Christian IX on 2 July 1864 and he was also present when the building was inaugurated on 1 September 1865.
As one of the first buildings in Copenhagen, it was heated by central heating. A large iron staircase connected the three floors. Auditoria and a room for board meetings was located on the first floor. The second floor contained classrooms and the school library. The ground floor housed the insurance company Livrenteanstalten (later Statsanstalten for Livsforsikring).

### Later history

The school used the building until it was sold to Livsforsikringsanstalten in 1891. The school then moved to a building in nearby Peder Skramsgade (No. 7) and two years later to the Shipowners' Association's building on Holmens Kanal (N. 11).
The Navigation School's former building on Havnegade was expanded by Martin Borch in 1907. It has contained government offices since 1953, The building was listed in 1981.

## Architecture

The three-storey building is designed in the Historicist style with inspiration from Venetian Renaissance architecture such as Ca' Vendramin Calergi.