OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro

J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro, 564 U.S. 873 (2011), is a decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that a court may not exercise jurisdiction over a defendant that has not purposefully availed itself of doing business in the jurisdiction or placed goods in the stream of commerce in the expectation they would be purchased in the jurisdiction.

## Background

An accident severed four fingers off the right hand of Robert Nicastro, who was operating a recycling machine used to cut scrap metal. A British company manufactured the machine and sold it through its exclusive U.S. distributor. Nicastro sued J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd., the British company, and its U.S. distributor, McIntyre Machinery America, Ltd., in the Bergen County vicinage of the Law Division of the Superior Court of New Jersey, under a strict product liability theory. The British parent company moved to dismiss the suit against it for lack of personal jurisdiction; the Law Division granted the motion. The Appellate Division of the Superior Court reversed the dismissal; the Supreme Court of New Jersey affirmed the Appellate Division's reversal of the Law Division's dismissal, holding that the foreign company had sufficient contacts with the state.

## Decision

In a 6–3 decision, the Supreme Court reversed the New Jersey Court, holding that the state court did not have jurisdiction. Three opinions were delivered, none with a majority of the Justices in support.
According to Justice Kennedy's plurality opinion, there were insufficient facts to show that J. McIntyre Machinery, the British company, targeted New Jersey specifically. Although the company targeted the United States as a whole, only its distributor targeted the specific states. The stream of commerce theory is insufficient to give rise to jurisdiction without specific targeting of a specific state.
Justice Breyer, joined by Justice Alito, concurred in the judgment on narrower grounds. Rather than announce a broad rule, Breyer determined that based on the facts of this specific case New Jersey did not have jurisdiction because so few machines wound up in the state. However, Breyer was open to the possibility that if many machines were flowing into the state, the state might have jurisdiction even absent specific targeting.
Dissenting, Justice Ginsburg, joined by Justice Sotomayor and Justice Kagan, argued that by targeting the United States as a whole, the petitioner had targeted every state sufficiently to subject itself to New Jersey's jurisdiction.
# Michelle Chang (biochemist)

Michelle C. Y. Chang (born 1977) is the A. Barton Hepburn Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University. She is the recipient of several young scientist awards for her research in biosynthesis of biofuels and pharmaceuticals. Previously, she was a Professor of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, before moving her lab to Princeton in January 2024.

## Education

Chang received her B.S. in biochemistry and B.A. in French literature from the University of California, San Diego, in 1997.
She then moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for graduate school as a National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellow (1997-2000) and M.I.T./Merck Foundation Predoctoral Fellow (2000-2002). She earned her Ph.D. in 2004 under the direction of JoAnne Stubbe and Daniel G. Nocera. During her graduate work, Chang studied proton-coupled electron transfer processes in ribonucleotide reductase enzymes, and demonstrated the first direct evidence of the radical transfer pathway of class I RNRs.
Following graduate school, she conducted research as a Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research Postdoctoral Fellow at University of California, Berkeley with Jay Keasling (2004-2007). At Berkeley, Chang studied enzyme-catalyzed reactions, demonstrating that by expressing plant P450 enzymes in bacteria like E. coli, the E. coli could be engineered to produce terpenoids, a class of natural products often found in drugs. Chang began her independent career at UC Berkeley in 2007. She joined the faculty at Princeton University in 2024.

## Awards

* 2007: The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation New Faculty Award
* 2008: Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation Young Investigator Award
* 2008: TR35: Technology Review magazine Young Innovator Award
* 2009: National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) award
* 2010: Agilent Early Career Professor Award
* 2011: International Young Talents in Chemistry Award
* 2011: NIH Director's New Innovator Award
* 2012: Agnes Fay Morgan Research Award
* 2015: Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award
* 2016: Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry

## Personal life

Michelle was born in San Diego, California, to Chinese immigrant parents from Taiwan. She is married to her colleague in the College of Chemistry, Christopher Chang.

## Publications

Chang's scientific papers are listed on her group's website.
# 1998 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes

The 1998 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 25 July 1998. It was the 48th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.
The winner for the second consecutive year was Godolphin's Swain, a six-year-old bay horse trained at Newmarket, Suffolk by Saeed bin Suroor and ridden by Frankie Dettori. Swain's victory was the third in the race for bin Suroor and the second for Dettori and Godolphin. In addition, Godolphin's leader Sheikh Mohammed, had won the race with Belmez (1990), Opera House (1993) and King's Theatre (1994). Swain was the first male horse to win the race twice: the only previous dual winner was the French-trained filly Dahlia in 1973 and 1974. He remains the only six-year-old to win the race.

## The race

The race attracted a field of eight runners: seven from the United Kingdom, and one from Ireland. The favourite for the race was the Luca Cumani-trained High-Rise an unbeaten three-year-old colt who had won the Epsom Derby on his most recent appearance. The Godolphin stable fielded three runners, the four-year-old Daylami, originally trained in France, whose wins included the Poule d'Essai des Poulains and Eclipse Stakes the pacemaker Happy Valentine and Swain, who had won the race in 1997 and whose other victories included the Coronation Cup. The other British-trained runners were the undefeated King Edward VII Stakes winner Royal Anthem, the 1997 St Leger Stakes winner Silver Patriarch and the Jockey Club Stakes winner Romanov. The Irish challenger was Risk Material, the winner of the Derrinstown Stud Derby Trial. High-Rise headed the betting at odds of 11/4 ahead of Royal Anthem (7/2), Silver Patriarch (9/2), Swain (11/2) and Daylami (6/1).
As expected, Happy Valentine took the early lead and set a strong pace from Royal Anthem, Swain, Daylami and High-Rise. Royal Anthem overtook Happy Valentine approaching the turn into the straight as Swain moved up to challenge. Swain took the lead inside the last quarter mile and stayed on to win by a length from High-Rise with Royal Anthem one and a half lengths back in third. The next three places were filled by Daylami, Romanov and Silver Patriarch.

## Race details

* Sponsor: De Beers
* Purse: £576,000; First prize: £354,000
* Surface: Turf
* Going: Good to Firm
* Distance: 12 furlongs
* Number of runners: 8
* Winner's time: 2:29.06

## Full result

* Abbreviations: nse = nose; nk = neck; shd = head; hd = head; dist = distance

## Winner's details

Further details of the winner, Swain
* Sex: Stallion
* Foaled: 12 February 1992
* Country: Ireland
* Sire: Nashwan; Dam: Love Smitten (Key to the Mint)
* Owner: Godolphin
* Breeder: Sheikh Mohammed
# 1997 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes

The 1997 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 26 July 1997. It was the 47th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.
The winner was Godolphin's Swain, a five-year-old bay horse trained at Newmarket, Suffolk by Saeed bin Suroor and ridden by John Reid. Swain's victory was the second in the race for bin Suroor and the first Godolphin. In addition, Godolphin's leader Sheikh Mohammed, had won the race with Belmez (1990), Opera House (1993) and King's Theatre (1994). Reid was winning the second time after riding Ile de Bourbon to victory in 1978.

## The race

The race attracted a field of eight runners: seven from the United Kingdom, and one from France. The favourite for the race was the French-trained Helissio who had been named European Horse of the Year in 1996 when his wins included the Prix Lupin, Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. In his first two starts of 1997, Helissio had won the Prix Ganay and a second Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud. Michael Stoute's Newmarket stable were represented by two five-year-old horses who had achieved significant international success: Singspiel had won the Canadian International Stakes, Japan Cup, Dubai World Cup and Coronation Cup whilst Pilsudski had claimed victories in the Grosser Preis von Baden, Breeders' Cup Turf and Eclipse Stakes. Swain was the representative of the Godolphin stable: originally trained in France, he had finished third in the 1995 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and won the Coronation Cup in 1996. The other runners were Kingfisher Mill (King Edward VII Stakes), Predappio Hardwicke Stakes, Shantou (St Leger Stakes, Gran Premio del Jockey Club) and Strategic Choice (Irish St Leger, Gran Premio di Milano). Helissio headed the betting at odds of 11/10 ahead of Singspiel (4/1), Pilsudski (6/1) and Kingfisher Mill. Swain started at odds of 16/1.
The race was run on soft ground in wet and misty conditions. Helissio took the lead at the start but was headed by Kingfisher Mill, before regaining the advantage five furlongs from the finish. Helissio led the field into the straight, pursued by Swain, Pilsudski and Singspiel. Swain moved into the lead two furlongs from the finish but was challenged by Pilsudski and Singspiel on the outside, whilst Helissio stayed on along the rail. In the closing stages Swain was driven out by Reid to win by a length from Pilsudski with Helissio a lengths and a quarter back in third and Singspiel weakening into fourth place. Shantou finished next ahead of Strategic Choice, Predappio and the injured Kingfisher Mill.

## Race details

* Sponsor: De Beers
* Purse: £478,400; First prize: £294,600
* Surface: Turf
* Going: Soft
* Distance: 12 furlongs
* Number of runners: 8
* Winner's time: 2:36.45

## Full result

* Abbreviations: nse = nose; nk = neck; shd = head; hd = head; dist = distance

## Winner's details

Further details of the winner, Swain
* Sex: Stallion
* Foaled: 12 February 1992
* Country: Ireland
* Sire: Nashwan; Dam: Love Smitten (Key to the Mint)
* Owner: Godolphin
* Breeder: Sheikh Mohammed
# 1992 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes

The 1992 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 25 July 1992. It was the 42nd running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.
The winner was Virginia Kraft Payson's St Jovite, a three-year-old bay colt trained in Ireland by Jim Bolger and ridden by Stephen Craine. St Jovite's victory gave his owner, trainer and jockey their first win in the race and was the first for a horse trained in Ireland since The Minstrel in 1977.

## The race

The race attracted a field of eight runners: seven from the United Kingdom and one from Ireland. There were no challengers from continental Europe. The Irish-trained contender was St Jovite, who had finished second in the Epsom Derby before winning the Irish Derby by twelve lengths in record time. Michael Stoute's Newmarket stable sent three runners: the Coronation Cup winner Saddler's Hall, the Brigadier Gerard Stakes winner Opera House and the five-year-old Rock Hopper, twice winner of the Hardwicke Stakes and runner-up to Generous in the 1991 King George. The other contenders were Silver Wisp (third in the Epsom Derby), Jeune (Predominate Stakes, later to win the Melbourne Cup), Sapience (Ebor Handicap, Princess of Wales's Stakes, Jockey Club Stakes) and Terimon (1991 International Stakes). St Jovite headed the betting at odds of 4/5 ahead of Saddler's Hall (7/2), Silver Wisp (8/1) and Jeune (10/1).
Craine sent St Jovite into the lead from the start and set the pace from Sapience, Opera House and Saddler's Hall. Opera House moved up in to second place at half way, but St Jovite maintained his advantage and led the field into the straight from Opera House, Sapience, Jeune and Saddler's Hall. St Jovite was never in danger of defeat, accelerating clear of his opponents in the last quarter mile to win by six lengths. Saddler's Hall took second place, just ahead of Opera House, Sapience and Rock Hopper. There was a gap of eight lengths back to Terimon, who finished ahead of Silver Wisp, with Jeune in last place

## Race details

* Sponsor: De Beers
* Purse: £424,160; First prize: £261,216
* Surface: Turf
* Going: Good to Firm
* Distance: 12 furlongs
* Number of runners: 8
* Winner's time: 2:30.85

## Full result

* Abbreviations: nse = nose; nk = neck; shd = head; hd = head; dist = distance; UR = unseated rider

## Winner's details

Further details of the winner, St Jovite
* Sex: Colt
* Foaled: 11 March 1989
* Country: United States
* Sire: Pleasant Colony; Dam: Northern Sunset (Northfields)
* Owner: Virginia Kraft Payson
* Breeder: Virginia Kraft Payson
# Abdol Khan-e Pain

Abdol Khan-e Pain (Persian: عبدالخان پايين) is a village in, and the capital of, Seyyed Abbas Rural District of the Central District of Karkheh County, Khuzestan province, Iran. It was the capital of Shavur District until its capital was transferred to the city of Shavur.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 2,631 in 422 households, when it was in Shavur District of Shush County. The following census in 2011 counted 3,067 people in 715 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 3,061 people in 795 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
In 2019, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Karkheh County, and the rural district was transferred to the new Central District.
# Warri Wolves F.C.

Warri Wolves Football Club (formerly NPA) is a Nigerian football club. Formerly run by the Nigeria Port Authority, the club was based in Warri, before relocating to Lagos after promotion to the Nigerian Premier League in 2003.

## History

After making the 2001 Super Four play-offs, NPA FC was relegated by three points in the next season after winning only 10 of their 34 league games. They were promoted again in 2003 after finishing second in Division 2. NPA FC ended their 2004/05 season near the bottom of the table and it was announced that 16 of their 40 players would be laid off. The team was relegated again after the 2005–06 season, and moved back to Warri in April 2007 after a deal with the government of Delta State.
The team was renamed "Warri Wolves" at the start of the season and won promotion to the 2009 Premier League season as champions of Division 1B. Wolves finished with 59 points from 18 wins, five draws and seven losses, scoring 42 goals and conceded 16. They were involved in an incident on March 8, 2008, when a pitch invasion after a goalless draw at First Bank FC left seven players and officials injured. They played the first part of the 2008–09 season in Oleh because of renovations to the Warri Stadium.
The Seasiders as they are fondly called are back in Warri City. They now play all their matches at the Warri Township Stadium.

## Performance in CAF competitions

* CAF Champions League: 1 appearance
       2016 – First Round
* CAF Confederation Cup: 3 appearances
       2010 – First Round of 16
       2012 – Second Round
       2014 – Second Round
* CAF Cup: 1 appearance
       2002 – First Round (as NPA)

## Staff

* Peter Nieketien (Technical Adviser)
* Moses Etu (chairman)
* Azuka Chiemeka (Media Officer)
* Tony Okowa (Chairman of Delta Sports Commission)
* Napoleon Aluma (Head Coach)

## Coaching history

* Maurice Cooreman (Jan 2005 – Jan 2006)
* Solomon Ogbeide (2008–2009)
* Paul Aigbogun (Jan 2010 – Feb 2012)
* Maurice Cooreman (Feb 2012 – Sept 2012)
* Edema Fuludu (2012)
* Solomon Ogbeide (2013)
* Paul Aigbogun (Jan 2014 – Jan 2016)
* Sam Okpodu (Jan 2016 – Jun 2016)
* Ard Sluis (2016)
* Mansur Abdullahi (2016)
* Ngozi Elechi (Aug 2019 – Sept 2019)
* Evans Ogenyi (Sept 2019 – 2022)
* Jolomi Atune (2022 – 2024)
* Napoleon Aluma (2024 – present)
# 1989 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes

The 1989 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 22 July 1989. It was the 39th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.
The winner was Hamdan Al Maktoum's Nashwan, a three-year-old chestnut colt trained at West Ilsley in Berkshire by Dick Hern and ridden by Willie Carson. Nashwan's victory gave his owner Hamdan Al Maktoum his first win in the race whilst Carson and Hern had won the race with Troy, Ela-Mana-Mou and Petoski. In addition, Hern had trained the 1972 winner Brigadier Gerard.

## The race

The race attracted a field of seven runners, six trained in the United Kingdom and one trained in Italy. The favourite was Nashwan, who had won the 2000 Guineas, Epsom Derby and Eclipse Stakes, by an aggregate margin of eleven lengths. His principal rival appeared to be Cacoethes, who had finished third to Nashwan in the Derby before winning the King Edward VII Stakes at Royal Ascot. The best of the older horses, according to the betting, was Sheriff's Star, the winner of the Coronation Cup and the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud. The only overseas challenger was the Italian colt Tisserand, the winner of the 1988 Derby Italiano. The other runners were Carroll House (Grosser Preis von Baden, Princess of Wales's Stakes), Top Class (Geoffrey Freer Stakes) and Polemos, who was running as a pacemaker for Nashwan. Nashwan headed the betting at odds of 2/9 ahead of Cacoethes (6/1) and Sheriff's Star (10/1).
As expected, Polemos took the early lead and set the pace from Carroll House, Cacoethes and Nashwan. Three furlong from the finish, Top Class made a rapid move forward and led the field into the straight ahead of Carroll House, Nashwan and Cacoethes. Nashwan overtook Top Class with a furlong and a half left to run but was immediately challenged by Cacoethes on the outside. The two three-year-olds drew clear of the other five runners with the Derby winner prevailing by a neck after a prolonged struggle. There was a gap of seven lengths back to Top Class, who held off Sheriff's Star by a length to take third. The last three finishers were Carroll House, Polemos and Tisserand.

## Race details

* Sponsor: De Beers
* Purse: £354,380; First prize: £218,088
* Surface: Turf
* Going: Good to Firm
* Distance: 12 furlongs
* Number of runners: 7
* Winner's time: 2:32.27

## Full result

* Abbreviations: nse = nose; nk = neck; shd = head; hd = head; dist = distance; UR = unseated rider

## Winner's details

Further details of the winner, Nashwan
* Sex: Colt
* Foaled: 1 March 1986
* Country: United States
* Sire: Blushing Groom; Dam: Height of Fashion (Bustino)
* Owner: Hamdan Al Maktoum
* Breeder: Hamdan Al Maktoum
# W. Duncan Mansfield

W. Duncan Mansfield (September 17, 1897 – September 15, 1971) was an American film editor. He worked as an editor on more than 50 films between 1918 and 1963. He was born in Alabama and died in Hollywood, California.

## Selected filmography

* The Law of Men (1919)
* Hard Boiled (1919)
* The Broken Melody (1919)
* Hairpins (1920)
* The Poor Simp (1920)
* His Wife's Money (1920)
* Tol'able David (1921)
* The Seventh Day (1922)
* Fury (1923)
* The Bond Boy (1923)
* The White Sister (1923)
* Romola (1924)
* On Approval (1930)
* In His Steps (1936)
* Girl Loves Boy (1937) (Director)
* A Walk in the Sun (1945)
# Gaye Symington

Gaye R. Symington (born April 20, 1954) is an American politician who is the former Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives, the lower house of the Vermont General Assembly. She was the 2008 Democratic nominee for the 2008 Vermont gubernatorial election against Republican Governor Jim Douglas and Independent Anthony Pollina.
Symington is married to Chuck Lacy, movie producer and former president of Ben and Jerry's ice cream. The couple have three teenage children. Symington attended Williams College as an undergraduate, and holds a master's degree in business administration from Cornell University in 1983.

## Vermont House of Representatives

First elected to the House in 1996 as a Democrat, Symington represented the Chittenden-8 district until 2009. As a freshman legislator, she served on the Ways and Means Committee. After the 2002 legislative elections, Symington was elected House Minority Leader in 2003 by her Democratic caucus and led the Vermont Democratic House Campaign (VDHC) in recruitment of Democratic candidates for the House of Representatives in 2004. The Democrats retook the House of Representatives in the 2004 legislative races after four years in the minority.
In January 2005, Symington was unanimously elected Speaker of the House, becoming the second woman to hold the position. In the 2006 elections, the Democratic Party increased its majority in the chamber. There were now enough Democrats, Progressives, and independents in the Vermont House to overturn a gubernatorial veto. Symington won re-election to the post in 2007 without opposition.

## 2008 Governor campaign

In 2008, Symington announced she would not seek re-election to the House of Representatives. In May 2008 she announced she would seek the Democratic nomination for Governor of Vermont in the 2008 election against incumbent Republican Jim Douglas and Independent Anthony Pollina. Symington finished third in the election with 69,534 votes for 21.7% of the vote. Symington's campaign was adversely affected when it was discovered she did not fully disclose her family's income. The campaign also failed to capture the endorsements of several major unions, including the state's three largest (State Employees Association, AFL-CIO, and the Vermont's National Education Association affiliate) which endorsed Pollina.
# Jerome Moon

Jerome Moon is an American politician. A Republican, he represents District 8, encompassing parts of Blount County, in the Tennessee House of Representatives. Moon, the former chair of the Blount County Commission, was appointed the State House seat vacated by Art Swann on December 13, 2017.

## Career

In 2023, the Tennessee House voted on motions to remove three sitting Democratic representatives — Gloria Johnson, Justin Jones, and Justin J. Pearson — for disrupting proceedings with a protest as demonstrators were at the capitol voicing their outrage over a mass shooting at a Nashville school that left six dead. Moon voted in favor of all three resolutions: HR 63, to remove Pearson; HR 64, to remove Johnson; and HR 65, to remove Jones. Pearson and Jones were expelled, while Johnson was not.
# Susan Stokes (politician)

Susan B. Stokes (born 1942) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1989 to 1993. Stokes was first elected in 1988, defeating incumbent representative Louie R. Guenthner Jr. for renomination. She left the house to unsuccessfully run for Kentucky's 3rd congressional district in 1992. She ran again in 1994, losing to Democratic candidate Mike Ward.