OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# R7 (New York City Subway car)

The R7 was a New York City Subway car model built from 1937 to 1938 for the city-operated Independent Subway System by two manufacturers under separate orders, the American Car and Foundry Company and Pullman Standard. They were a continuation of the R6 fleet and closely resemble them, except that the R7/As did not include the “CITY OF NEW YORK” lettering on the middle of the car exterior. A total of 250 cars were built, all arranged as single units. Two versions were ordered: the R7, which consisted of 150 cars, numbered 1400–1549, and the R7A, which consisted of 100 cars, numbered 1550–1649.
The R7s and R7As were used primarily for increased service in Queens and the opening of the Crosstown Line. They served exclusively on all IND lines for most of their service lives, but were also used on the Eastern Division of the BMT Division's J and L lines during their final years. The R44s and R46s replaced the R7 cars, and they made their final runs in 1977. Two cars, one R7 and one R7A, have been preserved, while the rest of the fleet was scrapped.

## History

On March 5, 1937, the New York City Board of Transportation opened up bids for 150 cars to be built under the R7 contract. The winning bid for $40,375 per car was jointly submitted by the American Car and Foundry Company (ACF) and Pullman Standard. The Pressed Steel Car Company also submitted a bid, for $40,850 per car. On July 27, 1937, it was announced that the winning bid for 100 additional cars, under contract R7A, went to ACF and Pullman for $41,951 per car. Additional bids were made by Pressed Steel ($42,200) and Bethlehem Steel ($43,100). The increase in price per car was attributed to strikes in the steel industry.
The R7s were built in 1937, and the R7As were built in 1938. They were used for service on the IND exclusively until 1968, when they began to be displaced from the IND by the new R40s and R42s and transferred to the East New York Yard.
Many R7/As were replaced by the R44s. Most other cars ran on the BMT Division's Eastern Division until 1977, when they were finally replaced by the R46s.

## Preservation

Following their retirement, all but two cars were scrapped. The two cars that were not scrapped have survived into preservation:
* R7 car 1440 has been preserved by the Seashore Trolley Museum in Kennebunkport, Maine. It is modified with trolley poles and used in various tourist rides around the museum, often coupled to R4 car 800.
* R7A car 1575 has been preserved by the New York Transit Museum. It was restored to operating condition and has been used in excursions sponsored by the Transit Museum since 2003. During its service life, it was rebuilt from its original appearance by ACF in 1947 following an accident in 1946, and became the prototype for the R10. It was designed to test new interior and cosmetic features. While it cosmetically resembles an R10, mechanically and electrically, it is still an R7A and can only operate with the rest of the pre-war R1–9 fleet.
# Myene, Myanmar

Myene is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma. It is located to the southeast of Kyaingkyaing.
# Gypsophila (bird)

Gypsophila is a genus of birds in the family Pellorneidae.

## Species

The genus contains the following 6 species:
| Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
| Rusty-breasted wren-babbler | Gypsophila rufipectus | western Sumatra in Indonesia. |
| Variable limestone babbler | Gypsophila crispifrons | Thailand northwest to southern Myanmar. |
| Streaked wren-babbler | Gypsophila brevicaudata | Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. |
| Annam limestone babbler | Gypsophila annamensis | northern Laos, Vietnam and southern China |
| Rufous limestone babbler | Gypsophila calcicola | central Thailand. |
| Mountain wren-babbler | Gypsophila crassa | northeastern Borneo |
# List of Second British Invasion artists

This article is IS NOT A LISTING OF EVERY SUCCESSFUL BRITISH ACT. The act in order to be listed must have had their first notable US chart success or US MTV airplay during the 1980s. ACTS NOT MEETING THESE CRITERIA WILL BE DELETED
The following is a list of groups and artists associated with the Second British Invasion music phenomenon, that occurred during the early and mid-1980s and was associated with MTV, including new wave music.

## A

* ABC
* Adam and the Ants
* After the Fire
* The Alarm

## B

* Bananarama
* Belouis Some
* Big Country
* Bow Wow Wow
* The Buggles

## C

* Elvis Costello
* Culture Club
* The Cure

## D

* Dead or Alive
* Def Leppard
* Depeche Mode
* Dexys Midnight Runners
* Dire Straits
* Thomas Dolby
* Duran Duran

## E

* The English Beat
* Eurythmics

## F

* Fastway
* A Flock of Seagulls
* The Fixx
* Frankie Goes to Hollywood

## G

* Eddy Grant

## H

* Haircut One Hundred
* Heaven 17
* The Human League

## I

* Billy Idol
* Iron Maiden

## J

* Joe Jackson
* Howard Jones
* Joy Division
* Judas Priest

## K

* Kajagoogoo
* Nik Kershaw

## L

* Nick Lowe

## M

* Madness
* Modern English
* Alison Moyet

## N

* Naked Eyes
* New Order
* Gary Numan

## O

* Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark

## P

* John Parr
* Pet Shop Boys
* The Police
* The Pretenders

## S

* Simple Minds
* Soft Cell
* Spandau Ballet
* The Specials
* Squeeze
* The Style Council

## T

* Talk Talk
* Tears for Fears
* Thompson Twins

## U

* Ultravox

## V

* Visage

## W

* Wang Chung
* Wham!

## Y

* Paul Young
# Tailorbird

Tailorbirds are small birds, most belonging to the genus Orthotomus. While they were often placed in the Old World warbler family Sylviidae, recent research suggests they more likely belong in the Cisticolidae and they are treated as such in Del Hoyo et al. One former species, the mountain tailorbird (and therefore also its sister species rufous-headed tailorbird), is actually closer to an old world warbler genus Cettia.
They occur in the Old World tropics, principally in Asia.
These warblers are usually brightly colored, with green or grey upper parts and yellow white or grey under parts. They often have chestnut on the head.
Tailorbirds have short rounded wings, short tails, strong legs and long curved bills. The tail is typically held upright, like a wren. They are typically found in open woodland, scrub and gardens.
Tailorbirds get their name from the way their nest is constructed. The edges of a large leaf are pierced and sewn together with plant fibre or spider's web to make a cradle in which the actual grass nest is built.

## Species

The genus contains 13 species:
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Distribution |
| Common tailorbird | Orthotomus sutorius | China, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, and Vietnam |
| Dark-necked tailorbird | Orthotomus atrogularis | Bangladesh, Northeast India, and Southeast Asia |
| Cambodian tailorbird | Orthotomus chaktomuk | Cambodia |
| Philippine tailorbird | Orthotomus castaneiceps | Philippines |
| Trilling tailorbird | Orthotomus chloronotus | Philippines |
| Rufous-fronted tailorbird | Orthotomus frontalis | eastern Philippines |
| Grey-backed tailorbird | Orthotomus derbianus | Philippines (Palawan, Luzon, and Catanduanes) |
| Rufous-tailed tailorbird | Orthotomus sericeus | Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand |
| Ashy tailorbird | Orthotomus ruficeps | Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam |
| Olive-backed tailorbird | Orthotomus sepium | Indonesia (Java, Madura Island, Bali and Lombok) |
| Yellow-breasted tailorbird | Orthotomus samarensis | Philippines |
| Black-headed tailorbird | Orthotomus nigriceps | Philippines (Mindanao, Dinagat, and Siargao) |
| White-eared tailorbird | Orthotomus cinereiceps | Philippines (Basilan and West Mindanao) |
Two species moved to the Cettiidae:
* Mountain tailorbird, Phyllergates cucullatus
* Rufous-headed tailorbird, Phyllergates heterolaemus
# Tanygnathus

Tanygnathus is a genus of parrots in the Psittaculini tribe, of the superfamily of Psittacoidea (true parrots).
Its species are native to Southeast Asia and Melanesia.

## Taxonomy

The genus Tanygnathus was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Wagler in 1832. The type species was subsequently designated as the great-billed parrot (Tanygnathus megalorynchos) by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840. The name Tanygnathus combines the Ancient Greek words tanuō "to stretch out" and gnathos "jaw".
The genus contains five species:
| Name | Distribution |
| Great-billed parrot, Tanygnathus megalorynchos | islands of Maluku, Raja Ampat, Talaud, Sangir, Sarangani, the Lesser Sundas |
| Blue-naped parrot, Tanygnathus lucionensis | Philippines |
| Blue-backed parrot, Tanygnathus everetti | Philippines |
| Black-lored parrot, Tanygnathus gramineus | the Indonesian island of Buru. |
| Azure-rumped parrot, Tanygnathus sumatranus | Indonesia. |
Genetic analysis has supported reclassifying all 4 species under Psittacula, making Tanygnathus a synonym of the former genus.
# 1994 Copa Libertadores finals

The 1994 Copa Libertadores final was a two-legged football match-up to determine the 1994 Copa Libertadores champion. The final was contested by Argentine club Vélez Sarsfield (that played its first final ever) and Brazilian São Paulo FC. The first leg, held in José Amalfitani Stadium, Vélez beat Sao Paulo 1–0 while in the second leg, held in Estádio do Morumbi, Sao Paulo was the winner by the same score.
As both teams equaled in points and goal difference, a penalty shoot-out was conducted to decide a champion. After striker Palhinha missed his shot, Vélez Sarsfield won on penalties their first Copa Libertadores trophy.

## Qualified teams

| Team | Previous finals app. |
| Vélez Sarsfield | None |
| São Paulo | 1974, 1992, 1993 |
Bold indicates winning years

## Match details
### First leg

| Vélez Sarsfield | São Paulo |
| GK | 1 | José Luis Chilavert |
| DF | 11 | Flavio Zandoná |
| DF | 2 | Roberto Trotta (c) |
| DF | 6 | Víctor H. Sotomayor |
| DF | 3 | Raúl Cardozo |
| MF | 7 | Christian Bassedas |
| MF | 5 | Marcelo Gómez |
| MF | 8 | José Basualdo |
| MF | 18 | Roberto Pompei |
| FW | 9 | Omar Asad | 83' |
| FW | 17 | José Oscar Flores | 73' |
| Substitutes: ||
| FW | 19 | Fabián Fernández | 73' |
| MF | 21 | Claudio Husain | 83' |
| Manager: ||
| Carlos Bianchi ||
| GK | 1 | Zetti (c) |
| RB | 2 | Vítor |
| CB | 4 | Júnior Baiano |
| CB | 13 | Gilmar |
| LB | 6 | André Luiz |
| DM | 3 | Válber |
| DM | 14 | Axel |
| CM | 8 | Cafu |
| CM | 9 | Palhinha | 56' |
| FW | 7 | Müller |
| FW | 11 | Euller |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 12 | Rogério Ceni |
| MF | 5 | Doriva |
| MF | 15 | Juninho Paulista | 56' |
| DF | 24 | Marcelo Bordon |
| DF | 25 | Thiago Gama |
| Manager: ||
| Telê Santana ||
* Assistant referees:
* ? (Colombia)
* ? (Colombia)
* Fourth official:
Source

### Second leg

| São Paulo | Vélez Sarsfield |
| GK | 1 | Zetti (c) |
| RB | 2 | Vítor | 53' | 76' |
| CB | 4 | Júnior Baiano |
| CB | 13 | Gilmar |
| LB | 6 | André Luiz |
| DM | 3 | Válber |
| DM | 14 | Axel |
| CM | 8 | Cafu |
| CM | 9 | Palhinha |
| FW | 7 | Müller |
| FW | 11 | Euller |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 12 | Rogério Ceni |
| MF | 5 | Doriva |
| MF | 15 | Juninho Paulista | | 76' |
| FW | 16 | Caio Ribeiro |
| DF | 17 | Nem |
| Manager: ||
| Telê Santana ||
| GK | 1 | José Luis Chilavert | 62' |
| DF | 11 | Flavio Zandoná |
| DF | 2 | Roberto Trotta (c) |
| DF | 3 | Raúl Cardozo | 64' |
| DF | 4 | Héctor Almandoz | 10' |
| DF | 13 | Mauricio Pellegrino | 29' |
| MF | 7 | Christian Bassedas | 71' |
| MF | 5 | Marcelo Gómez |
| MF | 8 | José Basualdo | 3' | 54' |
| FW | 9 | Omar Asad |
| FW | 17 | José Oscar Flores | | 65' |
| Substitutes: ||
| MF | 18 | Roberto Pompei | 86' | 54' |
| MF | 21 | Claudio Husain | | 65' |
| Manager: ||
| Carlos Bianchi 65' ||
* Assistant referees:
* Júlio Matto (Uruguay)
* Carlos Velázquez (Uruguay)
* Fourth official:
Source
# Battle of Corpach

The Battle of Corpach was a Scottish clan battle in which the Clan Cameron routed the Clan Maclean. It took place around 1470 at Corpach, just north of Fort William on the west coast of Scotland.

## Background

After Alexander, Lord of the Isles was released from Tantallon Castle in 1431, he had awarded the Cameron lands around Fort William to the Macleans under John Garve Maclean of Coll, as punishment for the Camerons deserting him in 1429, before the battle of Lochaber.

## Battle

The Clan Maclean invaded and were confronted by the Camerons at Corpach. It is recorded that a young MacLean chieftain, Ewen or John Abrach, the son of John Garve Maclean of Coll was killed. The Camerons were led in the battle by their chief Ailean nan Creach, and completely routed the Maclean forces, retaining their lands. However the Macleans would attempt to dislodge them throughout the coming years.
# Justman

Justman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Chanoch Gad Justman (1883–1942), Polish Hasidic Rabbi
* Pinchas Menachem Justman (1848–1910), Polish Hasidic Rabbe
* Robert H. Justman (1926–2008), American television producer, director and production manager
* Seth Justman (born 1951), American keyboard player
* Zuzana Justman (born 1931), Czech documentary filmmaker and writer
# Mihira

Mihira is an ancient Indian word meaning "Sun". It may refer to:
* Mithra, the Indo-Iranian sun god
* Varahamihira, ancient Indian astronomer
* Mihirakula, a Huna king
* Mihira Bhoja, a 9th-century ruler of the Pratihara dynasty
# Maguan, Chongqing

Maguan (Chinese: 马灌; pinyin: Mǎguàn) is a town in Zhong County, Chongqing, China. As of 2020, it administers four residential neighborhoods and 16 villages:

## Neighborhoods

* Maguan Community
* Gaodong Community (高洞社区)
* Huangqin Community (黄钦社区)
* Daoguan Community (倒灌社区)

## Villages

* Dafan Village (大梵村)
* Luoyang Village (洛阳村)
* Shuangji Village (双基村)
* Helin Village (鹤林村)
* Shuangshi Village (双石村)
* Guoyuan Village (果园村)
* Jinbao Village (金宝村)
* Gaodu Village (高渡村)
* Qixin Village (齐心村)
* Hexin Village (合心村)
* Jingui Village (金桂村)
* Guiyang Village (桂阳村)
* Daqiao Village (大桥村)
* Gaoqiao Village (高桥村)
* Longxiao Village (龙肖村)
* Baigao Village (白高村)
# Cambridge Point

Cambridge Point is an uninhabited headland on Coburg Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located off Marina Peninsula.

## Geography

Characterized by prominent coastline cliffs, open sea, rocky shores, and tundra habitats, the point's elevation ranges from 0 to 300 m (0 to 984 ft) above sea level. It is 6 km$^2$ (2.3 sq mi) in size.

## Conservation

The point is a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU010). A portion of Cambridge Point is also contained within the Nirjutiqavvik (Coburg Island) National Wildlife Area.

## Fauna

The area is frequented by bowhead whale, narwhal, polar bear, seal, walrus, and white whale.
Notable bird species include:
* Black guillemot
* Black-legged kittiwake
* Glaucous gull
* Northern fulmar
* Thick-billed murre
# Payne Islands

The uninhabited Payne Islands are an archipelago, members of the Arctic Archipelago and the Ungava Bay Archipelago, in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. They are located in Payne Bay, a waterway in western Ungava Bay, just east of the Arnaud River (formerly the Payne River) and the community of Kangirsuk on Quebec's Ungava Peninsula.
Note: The Atlas of Canada does not recognise this appellation; presumably the Payne Islands are the islets of Nanuk, Agvik, and Akunok.

## Geography

The islands have a hard granitic gneiss and a thin layer of soil. Their perimeter measures approximately 3 km (1.9 mi).

## Flora

Their habitat includes lichen, moss, sedges, and low woody shrubs.

## Fauna

Combined with the Plover Islands, the Payne Islands are a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU027). Notable bird species include the common eider and colonial waterbirds/seabirds.
The Payne Islands are a part of the Ungava Bay Archipelagoes, a Key Migratory Terrestrial Bird Site (NU Site 51).
# Neils

Neils is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jenifer Neils (born 1950), American archaeologist
* Steve Neils (born 1951), American American football player
# 2008 in birding and ornithology

    See also 2007 in birding and ornithology, main events of 2008 and 2009 in birding and ornithology
The year 2008 in birding and ornithology.

## Worldwide
### New species

    See also Bird species new to science described in the 2000s
* The olive-backed forest robin is first described by Smithsonian ornithologists who discovered it in Gabon.

### Ornithologists
#### Deaths

* Johnathan Claud 1972-2008
* Barbara De Wolfe
* Derek Goodwin
* Harrison B. Tordoff
* Himmatsinhji M. K.
* Jennifer F. M. Horne
* John Danzenbaker
* Melvin Alvah Traylor, Jr.
* Robert W. Storer

### World listing
## Europe
### Britain
#### Rare birds

* Britain's second American purple gallinule found dead in April or May 2008 at Old Warden Bedfordshire.

#### Other events
### Scandinavia

To be completed

## North America

To be completed
# Serbian civil war of 1331

The Serbian civil war of 1331 broke out following King Stefan Uroš III's decision not to continue campaigning against the Byzantine Empire when he had the chance following the victory at the Battle of Velbazhd against Bulgaria, alienating much of the nobility, which became divided supporting either Uroš III or his son, Stefan Dušan.

## Background

In 1330, an alliance was formed by Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire, which sought to invade Serbia. In 1330, Young King Dušan defeated Bulgarian Emperor Michael III Shishman at Velbazhd, after which King Uroš III appointed his nephew Ivan Stefan at the Bulgarian throne in August.

## History

Uroš III's decision not to attack the Byzantines after the victory at the Battle of Velbazhd against Bulgaria resulted in the alienation of many nobles, who sought to expand to the south. By January or February 1331, Dušan was quarreling with his father, perhaps pressured by the nobility. According to contemporary pro-Dušan sources, evil advisors turned Uroš III against his son; he decided to seize and exclude Dušan from his inheritance. Uroš III sent an army into Zeta against his son, the army ravaged Skadar, but Dušan had crossed the Bojana. A brief period of anarchy in parts of Serbia took place before the father and son concluded peace in April 1331. Three months later, Uroš III ordered Dušan to meet him. Dušan feared for his life and his advisors persuaded him to resist, so Dušan marched from Skadar to Nerodimlje, where he besieged his father. Uroš III fled, and Dušan captured the treasury and family. He then pursued his father, catching up with him at Petrić. On 21 August 1331, Uroš III surrendered, and on the advice or insistence of Dušan's advisors, he was imprisoned. Dušan was crowned King of All Serbian and Maritime lands in the first week of September.
The civil war had prevented Serbia from aiding Ivan Stephen and Anna Neda in Bulgaria, who was deposed in March 1331, taking refuge in the mountains. Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria feared for the danger of Serbia as the situation there had settled, and immediately sought peace with Dušan. As Dušan wanted to move against richer Byzantium, the two made peace and an alliance in December 1331, accepting Ivan Alexander as ruler. It was sealed with the marriage of Dušan and Helena, the sister of Ivan Alexander.

## Aftermath

Dušan later conquered most of the Byzantine Empire, and was crowned Emperor in 1346.
# 2010 in birding and ornithology

    See also 2009 in birding and ornithology, main events of 2010 and 2011 in birding and ornithology
The year 2010 in birding and ornithology.

## Worldwide
### New species

    See also Bird species new to science described in the 2000s
* Limestone leaf warbler, Phylloscopus calciatilis: Alström, P.; Davidson, P.; Duckworth, J.W.; Eames, J.C.; Le, T.T.; Nguyen, C.; Olsson, U.; Robson, C.; Timmins, R. (2010). "Description of a new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Vietnam and Laos". Ibis. 152 (1): 145–168. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00990.x.
* Fenwick's antpitta or Urrao antpitta, Grallaria fenwickorum: Barrera, L.F.; Bartels, A.; Fundación ProAves de Colombia (2010). "A new species of Antpitta (family Grallariidae) from the Colibrí del Sol Bird Reserve, Colombia". Conservación Colombiana. 13: 8–24.
* Socotra buzzard, Buteo socotraensis: Porter, R.F.; Kirwan, G.M. (2010). "Studies of Socotran birds VI. The taxonomic status of the Socotra Buzzard". Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. 130 (2): 116–131.
* Willard's sooty boubou, Laniarius willardi: Voelker, G.; Outlaw, R.K.; Reddy, S.; Tobler, M.; Bates, J.M.; Hackett, S.J.; Kahindo, C.; Marks, B.D.; Kerbis Peterhans, J.C.; Gnoske, T.P. (2010). "A New Species of Boubou (Malaconotidae: Laniarius) from the Albertine Rift". Auk. 127 (3): 678–689. doi:10.1525/auk.2010.09014. S2CID 15031325.
* Rock tapaculo, Scytalopus petrophilus: Whitney, B.M.; Vasconcelos, M.F.; Silveira, L.F.; Pacheco, J.F. (2010). "Scytalopus petrophilus (Rock Tapaculo): a new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil". Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia. 18 (2): 73–88.

### Ornithologists
#### Deaths
## Europe
### Britain
#### Breeding birds

Purple heron (Ardea purpurea) successfully bred in the UK for the first time on the Dungeness peninsula in Kent.

#### Rare birds
## North America

To be completed
# Chinese destroyer Ürümqi

Ürümqi (118) is a Type 052D destroyer of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 5 January 2018.

## Development and design

The basic ship type and layout of the Type 052D guided-missile destroyer is the same as that of the Type 052C destroyer, but compared to the earlier Type 052C destroyer, the Type 052D superstructure has a larger inclination angle and provides better stealth performance. At the same time, the 052C helicopter hangar is located The left side of the hull axis was changed to the center axis of the ship on Type 052D; a pair of small boat storage compartments were added on both sides of the hangar, similar to the design on the Type 054A frigate.
The close in weapon system is composed of a H/PJ-12 short-range defense weapon system located in front of the bridge and a 24 Hongqi-10 air defense missile system located on the top of the hangar, which is combined to form a ladder interception. The original 100mm naval gun was replaced by a higher height and better stealth model H/PJ45 naval gun. On May 13, 2019, the extended version of the 052DL was exposed. The hull of the 052DL is basically the same as the 052D, but the helicopter deck is lengthened to prepare for the Zhi-20 to board the ship.
The Type 52D is the first Chinese surface combatant to use canister-based universal VLS, as opposed to the concentric type VLS carried aboard earlier vessels. 64 cells are carried; 32 forward and 32 aft. The VLS is reportedly an implementation of the GJB 5860-2006 standard. The VLS may fire the extended-range variant of the HHQ-9 surface-to-air missile, YJ-18 anti-ship cruise missiles, and CY-5 anti-submarine missiles.

## Construction and career

Ürümqi was launched on 7 July 2015 at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai. Commissioned on 12 March 2018.
On 22 May 2022, the Ürümqi conducted drills in the East China Sea as a part of the Liaoning Carrier Group; and they were sighted near Miyako Island by the JMSDF.
# Little Simon Pond

Little Simon Pond is a small lake northwest of Old Forge in Herkimer County, New York. It drains south via an unnamed creek which flows into South Inlet.