OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malek Jahan Khanom

Malek Jahan Khanom (Persian: ملک‌جهان خانم; 26 February 1805 – 2 April 1873) was the wife of Mohammad Shah Qajar and the mother of Naser al-Din Shah. She was the de facto regent of Iran for one month, from 5 September until 5 October in 1848, between the death of her husband and the accession of her son.

## Life
### Early life

Malek Jahan Khanom was an Iranian princess of the Qajar dynasty by both birth and marriage. By birth, being the daughter of Amir Mohammad Qassem Khan Qajar Qovanlou Amirsoleimani 'Amir Kabir' and Princess Begom Jan Khanom Qajar, she was the granddaughter of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. Her paternal grandfather was the powerful Qajar commander Amir Soleyman Khan Qajar Qovanlou 'Amir Kabir' 'Nezam od-Doleh' 'Etezad od-Doleh' and her paternal grandmother was a princess of the Zand dynasty. She was the aunt of Prince Majd ed-Dowleh Qajar-Qovanlu Amirsoleimani and great-aunt of Malake Turan Amirsoleimani.

### Marriage

She was married at a young age to her cousin, Mohammad Shah (reign 1834–1848). Her husband married about fifteen women during his lifetime, but she was one of his earliest wives. She held prestige within the harem for several reasons: because of her seniority among the Shah's wives; because she was a member of the family by birth and therefore well-networked and well-versed in their ways; because she bore her husband as many as five children (two of whom reached adulthood) and most of all because she was the mother of the crown prince.
Her only surviving son, Naser al-Din Shah, would succeed his father to the Iranian throne. Her title Mehd-i-aulia or Mehd-e-olia means "Sublime Cradle" and this title was generally bestowed on the mother of the heir apparent.

### Widowhood

As widow, she was the de facto regent of Iran for one month, from 5 September until 5 October in 1848, between the death of her husband and the accession to the throne of her son.
As queen mother, she exerted considerable political influence during the reign of her son from 1848 until her death in 1873. She is described as a strong personality and politically gifted. Strongly rooted in family and clan networks, she tended to favour and support the Qajar nobility rather than merited commoners, partly also perhaps because members of the Qajar family and clan had much better access to her as compared to outsiders.
# Jón frá Pálmholti

Jón Kjartansson (25 May 1930 – 13 December 2004), known as Jón frá Pálmholti, was an Icelandic writer, journalist and social worker.

## Biography

Jón Kjartansson was born at the farm Pálmholt in Arnarneshreppur [is] by the Eyjafjörður on 25 May 1930. His parents were the farmer Kjartan Ólafsson and Þuríður Jónsdóttir. After studying at the Laugaskóli and Iceland College of Education, he worked as a teacher from 1955 to 1957 after which he worked various jobs in parallel to being a writer. From 1979 to 1989 he was employed by the city of Reykjavík as a social worker.
Jón published his first poetry collection, Ókomnir dagar, in 1958. He was considered one of Iceland's young modernist poets alongside Þorsteinn frá Hamri and Dagur Sigurðarson. Jón wrote more than 20 books, most of them poetry collections, but his best known works also include the 1965 novel Orgelsmiðjan and the 1979 children's book Ferðin til sædýrasafnsins. His last book was the 2004 poetry collection Söngur í mannhafinu. He was active as a translator and as a journalist, writing for various Icelandic newspapers and magazines.
Socially engaged on behalf of low-income earners, he served as chairman of the Leigjendasamtakanna (lit. 'The tenants' association') from 1978 to 1985 and from 1989 to 2001. He was a board member of the Rithöfundafélag Íslands [is] (lit. 'Writers' association of Iceland') from 1962 to 1963 and from 1971 to 1973. He co-founded the neopagan organisation Ásatrúarfélagið in 1972 and was a member of its board until 1988.
Jón had a daughter in 1959 with Steinunn Ósk Magnúsdóttir. In 1970 he married Ingibjörg Gunnþórsdóttir and they had a daughter and a son, born in 1968 and 1974. The marriage ended in divorce. Jón died in his home on 13 December 2004 at the age of 74.

## Selected publications

* Ókomnir dagar. Poems. 1958
* Hendur borgarinnar eru kaldar. Poems. 1961
* Orgelsmiðjan. Novel. 1965.
* Blómin við gangstíginn. Poems. 1967.
* Tilgangur lífsins. Short stories. 1968.
* Vísur Æva Tobba. 1972.
* Undir hamrinum. Poems. 1973.
* Vindurinn hvílist aldrei. Poems. 1978.
* Ferðin til sædýrasafnsins. Children's book. 1979.
* Þak yfir engið. Poems. 1980.
* Heimsmyndir. Poems. 1982.
* Lífsgrundvöllur. Poems. 1983.
* Teigahverfin. Poems. 1987.
* Ljóð og tár, þýðingar á ljóðum kúrdíska skáldsins Goran. Translation. 1991.
* Brosið í augum fuglanna. Selected poems, 1989–1992. 1992.
* Hin eilífa nútíð. Poems. 1994.
* Söngvar um lífið. Selected poems, 1958–1988. 1995.
* Og þögnin getur sungið. Poems. 2000.
* Söngur í mannhafinu. Poems. 2004.
# William Walaska

William A. Walaska (September 16, 1945 – April 3, 2017) was an American Democratic politician and a member of the Rhode Island Senate who represented District 30 from 2003 to 2017. Walaska served consecutively from January 1995 until January 2003 in the District 17 seat.

## Education

Walaska attended Williams College and Dartmouth College, and earned his BA in economics and his MBA from Providence College.

## Elections

* 2012 Walaska was unopposed for the September 11, 2012, Democratic Primary, winning with 882 votes, and won the three-way November 6, 2012, General election with 7,585 votes (61.0%) against Republican nominee Keith Burkitt and Independent candidate Arthur Groh.
* 1994 When District 17 incumbent Senator Thomas Lynch left the Legislature and left the seat open, Walaska won the September 13, 1994, Democratic Primary and won the November 8, 1994, General election with 4,424 votes (57.7%) against Republican nominee Steven Archer.
* 1996 Walaska and returning 1994 Republican opponent Steven Archer were both unopposed for their September 10, 1996, primaries, setting up a rematch; Walaska won the November 5, 1996, General election with 5,353 votes (68.9%) against Archer.
* 1998 Walaska was unopposed for the September 15, 1998, Democratic Primary, winning with 1,475 votes, and won the November 3, 1998, General election with 4,941 votes (73.4%) against Republican nominee Raymond McKay.
* 2000 Walaska was unopposed for both the September 12, 2000, Democratic Primary, winning with 1,704 votes, and the November 7, 2000, General election, winning with 6,373 votes.
* 2002 Redistricted to District 30, and with incumbent Democratic Senator Paul Kelly retiring and leaving the seat open, Walaska was unopposed for both the September 10, 2002, Democratic Primary, winning with 1,932 votes, and the November 5, 2002, General election, winning with 7,331 votes.
* 2004 Walaska was unopposed for the September 14, 2004, Democratic Primary, winning with 512 votes, and won the November 2, 2004, General election with 7,758 votes (69.5%) against Republican nominee Roland Denomme.
* 2006 Walaska was unopposed for both the September 12, 2006, Democratic Primary, winning with 1,483 votes, and the November 7, 2006, General election, winning with 8,916 votes.
* 2008 Walaska was unopposed for both the September 9, 2008, Democratic Primary, winning with 1,013 votes, and the November 4, 2008, General election, winning with 9,256 votes.
* 2010 Walaska was unopposed for the September 23, 2010, Democratic Primary, winning with 1,306 votes, and won the November 2, 2010, General election with 5,545 votes (57.3%) against Republican nominee Armand Lusi.
* 2016 Walaska was defeated by Jeanine Calkin in the September 13, 2016, Democratic Primary by a 75-vote margin, ending his 22-year career in the Rhode Island Senate

## Death

Walaska died on April 3, 2017, of cancer.
# Cameron Blues

Cameron Blues (born 13 April 1998) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Championship club Greenock Morton.
Blues has played for Falkirk, Edinburgh City, Livingston, Brechin City, Berwick Rangers and Greenock Morton.

## Career

Blues began his career with Falkirk, spending time on loan at Edinburgh City before signing for Livingston on a two-year contract in June 2018. He moved on loan to Brechin City in September 2018, to Berwick Rangers in February 2019, and to Greenock Morton in July 2019. After making five appearances for the club in all competitions, the deal was made permanent on 6 September 2019, with Blues signing a contract until the end of the season.
Blues scored his first-ever goal for the club as they defeated Queens Park in the Scottish League Cup group stage on 13 October 2020. Blues made his 100th appearance for the club on 7 March 2023 in a 1–3 defeat against Ayr United.

## Career statistics

    As of 17 April 2021
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Falkirk | 2016–17 | Scottish Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Falkirk | 2017–18 | Scottish Championship | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Falkirk | Total | Total | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Edinburgh City (loan) | 2017–18 | Scottish League Two | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| Livingston | 2018–19 | Scottish Premiership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Livingston | 2019–20 | Scottish Premiership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Livingston | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Brechin City (loan) | 2018–19 | Scottish League One | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| Berwick Rangers (loan) | 2018–19 | Scottish League Two | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 2 |
| Greenock Morton (loan) | 2019–20 | Scottish Championship | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Greenock Morton | 2019–20 | Scottish Championship | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Greenock Morton | 2020–21 | Scottish Championship | 12 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 3 |
| Greenock Morton | Total | Total | 22 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 64 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 76 | 7 |
* 1 2 3 Appearances in the Scottish Challenge Cup
* ↑ Appearances in the Scottish League Two play-offs
# 14th Brigade

14th Brigade or 14th Infantry Brigade may refer to:

## United Kingdom

* 14th Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom)
* 14th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
* 14th Mounted Brigade (United Kingdom)
* Artillery Brigades
** 14th Brigade Royal Field Artillery, a unit of the British Expeditionary Force of 1914
** XIV Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery

## Ukraine

* 14th Separate Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)
* 14th Tank Brigade (Ukraine)

## Other countries

* 14th Brigade (Australia)
* 14th Brigade (Japan)
* 14th Brigade (New Zealand)
* 14th Cavalry Brigade (British Indian Army)
* XIV International Brigade
* Kalmius Brigade
# Whaling in South Africa

The practise of whaling in South Africa gained momentum at the start of the 19th century and ended in 1975. By the mid-1960s, South Africa had depleted their population of fin whales, and subsequently those of sperm and sei whales, and had to resort to hunting the small and less-profitable minke whale. Minke whales continued to be caught and brought to the Durban whaling station from 1968 until 1975. South Africa comprehensively banned whaling in 1979.

## Gallery

* Chunk of fin whale meat at Donkergat whaling station (1960)
* Backbone of fin whale used for bone meal (Bovril) (1960)
* Norwegian whalers near Table Bay
* Fin whale trail flukes shortened for easier transport
* Whaling try pot in Simon's Town
# Hyundai 8 to 25-ton truck

The Hyundai 8 to 25-ton truck (hangul:현대트럭) is a line of heavy-duty commercial vehicles by Hyundai Motor Company. The range was primarily available as cargo and dump truck. Its model truck name is 'Hyundai' and 'Hyundai Mitsubishi Fuso'.
Most heavy-duty truck models are distinguishable by a front 'Hyundai Truck' badge, but the common Hyundai and Mitsubishi Fuso badge is usually used on the rear.

## Models

Hyundai Truck (8ton~25ton Truck) is a name used by Hyundai Motor Company in commercial vehicle of trucks for two related models.
First Generation
* Hyundai Truck: a cargo truck & dump truck, designed by Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. Manufacture period: 1977–1997. Hyundai rebadged the Mitsubishi F-series and the Mitsubishi Fuso The Great.
** 8 ton Cargo
** 11 ton Cargo
** 9.5 ton Cargo (launched in 1988)
** 18 ton Cargo (launched in 1992)
** 8 ton Dump
** 15 ton Dump
** 23 ton Dump (launched in 1992)
** 25 ton
** Mixer
** Tractor
* Second Generation. Hyundai Truck New Model: a cargo truck & dump truck, Designed by Hyundai Motor Company and Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. Manufacture period: 1997–2003.
** 8 ton Cargo
** 8.5 ton Cargo
** 9.5 ton cargo
** 11 ton Cargo
** 11.5 ton Cargo
** 12 ton Cargo
** 13 ton Cargo
** 14 ton Cargo
** 15 ton Cargo
** 16 ton cargo
** 17 ton Cargo
** 18 ton Cargo
** 19 ton Cargo
** 19.5 ton Cargo
** 22 ton cargo
** 22.5 ton Cargo
** 23 ton Cargo
** 23.5 ton Cargo
** 25 ton Cargo
** 8 ton Dump
** 11 ton Dump
** 15 ton Dump
** 23 ton Dump
** 24 ton Dump
** 6x2 Mixer
** 8x4 Mixer
** 6x2 Tractor
** 6x4 Tractor
Third Generation
* Trago 8 ton Cargo
* Trago 8.5 ton Cargo
* Trago 9.5 ton cargo
* Trago 11 ton Cargo
* Trago 11.5 ton Cargo
* Trago 12 ton Cargo
* Trago 13 ton Cargo
* Trago 14 ton Cargo
* Trago 15 ton Cargo
* Trago 16 ton cargo
* Trago 17 ton Cargo
* Trago 18 ton Cargo
* Trago 19 ton Cargo
* Trago 19.5 ton Cargo
* Trago 22 ton cargo
* Trago 22.5 ton Cargo
* Trago 23 ton Cargo
* Trago 23.5 ton Cargo
* Trago 25 ton Cargo
* Trago 8 ton Dump
* Trago 11 ton Dump
* Trago 15 ton Dump
* Trago 23 ton Dump
* Trago 24 ton Dump
* Trago 6x2 Mixer
* Trago 8x4 Mixer
* Trago 6x2 Tractor
* Trago 6x4 Tractor
# Kishen Chand Law College

Kishen Chand Law College or K. C. Law College is a private law school situated beside Akhnoor Road, Rajpura Chungi in Jammu in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It offers undergraduate 3 years law courses, 5 Year Integrated LL.B. courses, approved by Bar Council of India (BCI), New Delhi and affiliated to University of Jammu.

## History

Shri Sudershan Mahajan founded the Kishen Chand Educational Society and in 2003, the Society established the law college at Jammu. The college is named after Kishen Chand Mahajan.
# Casal (disambiguation)

Metalurgia Casal was the largest Portuguese motorcycle manufacturer, based in Aveiro.
Casal may also refer to:
* Casal (grape), a Portuguese wine grape variety
* Casalis (also casal), medieval Latin for a group of houses in the countryside

## People with the surname

* Antonio Casal (1910–1974), Spanish actor
* Gaspar Casal (1681–1759), Spanish physician who investigated pellagra
* Gregorio Casal (1935–2018), Mexican actor
* Julio J. Casal (1889–1954), Uruguayan poet and critic
* Luz Casal (born 1958), Spanish singer
* Marc Casal (born 1987), Andorran figure skater
* María Casal (born 1958), Spanish actress, daughter of Antonio Casal
* Neal Casal (1968-2019), American singer-songwriter
* Raúl Casal Ribeiro (1887-1956), Paraguayan vice president
* Selva Casal (1927–2020), Uruguayan poet, daughter of Julio J. Casal
* Sergio Casal (born 1962), Spanish tennis player
* Tino Casal (1950–1991), Spanish singer who died in a car crash
* Julián del Casal (1863–1893), Cuban poet
# Rolando Chuaqui

Rolando Basim Chuaqui Kettlun (December 30, 1935–April 23, 1994) was a Chilean mathematician who worked on the foundations of probabilities and foundations of mathematics. Throughout his lifetime, he published two books and over 50 journal articles in mathematics and logic. He also spearheaded the creation and expansion of mathematics departments across multiple Chilean universities.

## Biography

Chuaqui was born into a Syrian immigrant family from Homs in Syria. He entered the University of Chile in 1953 to study medicine. He obtained a Ph.D. in Logic and the Methodology of Science, an interdisciplinary program between the Department of Mathematics and Department of Philosophy, from the University of California, Berkeley in 1965. His doctoral advisor was David Blackwell. Chuaqui returned to Chile after graduating, serving as a professor at the University of Chile and then the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. During his time at the Pontifical Catholic, he advised three doctoral students.
Chuaqui held several visiting positions, including at UCLA (1967), Princeton University (1970), University of São Paulo (1971 and 1982), University of California, Berkeley (1973–74), University of Campinas (1976, 1977 and 1978), Stanford University (1984), and San José State University (1986-89).
He was a long-term collaborator of Patrick Suppes, with whom he worked on non-standard analysis and measurement in sciences. In 1986, he proposed a mathematical formulation for pragmatic truth.

## Honors and awards

He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in Mathematics in 1983.
Since 1999, a series of annual research conferences in Chile, known as the Jornadas Rolando Chuaqui Kettlun, is held in his memory. The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile also has a building named after him, which houses its Department of Mathematics.
# Let There Be Cowgirls

"Let There Be Cowgirls" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Chris Cagle. It was released in July 2012 as the second single from his album Back in the Saddle. The song was written by Cagle and Kim Tribble.

## Background

Cagle said, "This is a ‘Tah-Dah!’ song; we got lucky, it wrote itself, I’m surrounded by beauty at the ranch and ‘my cowgirls’ are part of the art; I have a genuine appreciation. ‘Cowgirls’ is already a fan favorite at our shows." Cagle said the song is inspired by his wife Kay.

## Critical reception

Ben Foster of Country Universe gave the album a C rating and described as "“Got My Country On,” Part 2". Allen Jacobs of Roughstock wrote, "It suits Cagle's masculine persona as well as his bigger rockin' hits have and with radio and fans reminded of who he is, it has the road laid-out for at least another Top 20, perhaps Top 10 success. Daryl Addison of GAC wrote the song "features some superbly swamp-filled resonator and B-3 organ to round out the hard-country production."

## Chart performance

"Let There Be Cowgirls" debuted at number 56 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of July 14, 2012. It also debuted at number 97 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week of February 9, 2013.
| Chart (2012–2013) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 96 |
| US Country Airplay (Billboard) | 16 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 26 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2013) | Position |
| US Country Airplay (Billboard) | 84 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 96 |
# Frank B. Zinn

Frank B. Zinn (December 24, 1920 – May 2, 2009) was an American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as the 18th attorney general of New Mexico in 1959. From 1959 to 1975, he served as a judge of the New Mexico Eleventh Judicial District Court from 1959 to 1975.

## Early life and education

Zinn was born in Tucumcari, New Mexico, the son of A. L. Zinn, a justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court. He attended high school and junior college at the New Mexico Military Institute. He took classes at American University Washington College of Law until 1942.

## Career

During World War II, Frank served in the United States Army. He later served in the New Mexico National Guard before retiring in 1981 as a lieutenant colonel. He moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1951 to serve as assistant to the Attorney General before entering private law practice with his father and brother, Dean, the following year. Zinn was elected attorney general of New Mexico in 1958 and assumed office in 1959. He resigned in June 1960 after being appointed as a judge of the New Mexico Eleventh Judicial District Court by then-Governor John Burroughs. Zinn served as a judge until 1975 and later worked as a special master and arbitration judge on federal courts.

## Personal life

Zinn was married to Anne Shaffer Zinn from 1950 until her death in 1999. After his wife's death, Zinn relocated to Michigan to be closer to his son, daughter-in-law, and grandchildren.
# Francisco O. Santos

Francisco O. Santos (3 June 1892 – 19 February 1983) was a Filipino nutritionist and biochemist. His researches involved comprehensive investigations on the nutritional value of many Filipino foods. He was named a National Scientist of the Philippines in 1983 by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

## Biography

Born in Calumpit, Bulacan on June 3, 1892, he obtained his medical bachelor's degree in 1912 and his master's degree in 1919 from the University of the Philippines Manila. He obtained his doctorate from Yale University in 1928. Santos became an instructor at University of the Philippines Los Baños. There, he became dean from 1945 to 1955. He also led the Institute of Nutrition in 1948. Santos stayed at the university for forty-five years.
He died on February 19, 1983 in Los Baños, Laguna.

## Research

Santos conducted studies on local nutritional problems. This include understanding rice diet and beriberi and analyzing the compositions of food materials.
In terms of food composition, Santos discovered that the properties found on sweet potatoes, including shoots and leaves, can help combat beriberi. He also studied the nutrients such as vitamin B and C found on local fruits. His researches, similar with the researches of Marciano Gutierrez, observed the effects of food income in diet. Studies led by Santos and Isabelo Concepcion concern the diets of athletes, students in government institutions, and army personnel.
Santos also advocated for subsistence farming or home gardening. He believed that this can be a financially-viable option than buying supermarket produce.

## Awards

In 1955, he received the Distinguished Service Medal due to his contribution in Philippine nutrition. In 1958, he received the Andres Soriano Award in chemistry. He was also named as an Academician by the National Academy of Science and Technology in 1980. He was posthumously awarded as a National Scientist of the Philippines shortly after his death in 1983.