# Timeline of Amsterdam

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Amsterdam, Netherlands.

## Prior to 17th century

* 2700~2750 BC - age of neolithic shards of Bell Beaker culture pottery found under Rokin
* 2200~2000 BC - age of granite grinding stone found under Damrak
* 10th c. - Farmers settling at upstream Amstel
* 1105 - Wolfger van Amstel mentioned in a document as scultetus of "Amestelle" (Amstelland).
* 1170 - All Saint's Flood made settlement possible at the banks of downstream Amstel
* 1213 - Founding Oude Kerk in this settlement
* 1270 - Dam built in Amstel River (approximate date).
* 1275
** "Amestelledamme" (meaning: 'dam in the Amstel') appears for the first time in a charter.
** 27 October, Count Floris V of the County of Holland granted traders, sailors and fishermen exemption from tolls.
* 1300 - Population: 1000.
* 1303 - Siege of Amsterdam
* 1306 - Amsterdam granted city rights. Oude Kerk consecrated.
* 1345 - 15 March: Alleged "Miracle of Amsterdam" occurs.
* 1347 - Heilige Stede chapel built.
* 1389 - The city was first called Aemsterdam in an authentic piece.
* 1408 - Nieuwe Kerk (church) construction begins.
* 1421 - Fire.
* 1425 - Singel canal dug.
* 1452 - Fire.
* 1470 - Agnietenklooster built.
* 1487 - Schreierstoren built.
* 1490s - Brick city wall built.
* 1516 - Montelbaanstoren built.
* 1518 - Egelantier formed (approximate date).
* 1535 - 10 May: Anabaptist riot occurs; "fanatics ran about the streets naked."
* 1566 - Beeldenstorm.
* 1568 - Amsterdam supports Catholics in the Dutch Revolt.
* 1575 - Erven Lucas Bols in business.
* 1578
** Alteratie shifts power from Catholics to Protestants.
** Prinsenhof (Amsterdam) [nl] built.
* 1585 - City expands beyond the Singel.
* 1586 - Admiralty of Amsterdam formed.
* 1596 - Rasphuis (prison) established.

## 17th century

* 1600 - Population: 50,000.
* 1601 - Goldsmith's guild established.
* 1602 - Amsterdam Stock Exchange and Dutch East India Company founded.
* 1603 - Hendrick de Keyser becomes city architect.
* 1606 - Oost-Indisch Huis built.
* 1607 - English Reformed Church established.
* 1609 - Bank of Amsterdam established.
* 1611 - Koopmansbeurs [nl] built.
* 1613 - Grachtengordel development begins.
* 1614 - Nieuwmarkt created.
* 1617
** First Dutch Academy formed.
** Korenbeurs built.
** Town gate remodeled as Weigh House.
* 1619 - Westerhal built.
* 1620
** Munttoren and Korenmetershuisje (Amsterdam) [nl] built.
** English-language Corrant out of Italy, German, Etc. newspaper begins publication.
* 1621 - Dutch West India Company founded.
* 1622 - Cromhouthuizen built.
* 1631 - Artist Rembrandt moves to Jodenbreestraat in Amsterdam.
* 1632 - Athenaeum Illustre formed.
* 1633 - Oude Lutherse Kerk [nl] built.
* 1637 - Schouwburg of Van Campen (theatre) built.
* 1638
** Hortus Medicus founded.
** Accijnshuis [nl] built.
* 1641 - Saaihal (Amsterdam) [nl] built on Staalstraat (Amsterdam) [nl].
* 1642 - Rembrandt's artwork The Night Watch shown in the Kloveniersdoelen.
* 1651 - St. Peter's Flood.
* 1652 - 7 July: City Hall [nl] burns down.
* 1655 - New City Hall built on Dam Square.
* 1662
** Trippenhuis and Weesperpoort [nl] (gate) built.
** Blaeu's Atlas Maior published.
* 1663 - Bubonic plague outbreak.
* 1665 - New theatre opens.
* 1666 - Population: 200,000.
* 1672 - Johannes Hudde becomes mayor.
* 1675 - Portuguese Synagogue built.
* 1679 - Wynand-Fockink in business.
* 1682 - Begijnhof Chapel and Amstelhof built.
* 1683 - Society of Suriname established.
* 1691 - Skinny Bridge built.
* 1696 - Aansprekersoproer riots

## 18th century

* 1748
** Pachtersoproer riots
** Demands from Doelistenmovement
* 1765 - Stadstekenacademie founded.
* 1774 - Theatre opens on the Leidseplein.
* 1776 - Felix Meritis society and Society for the Advancement of Agriculture [nl] established.
* 1780 - Maagdenhuis [nl] built.
* 1785 - Seamen's Institute, and Society for Public Welfare organized.
* 1787 - Prussians in power.
* 1794
** Metz & Co established.
** Population: 217,024.
* 1795 - January: French in power.
* 1800 - Barrack of St. Charles built.

## 19th century

* 1808
** Amsterdam becomes capital of Kingdom of Holland, client state of the French Empire.
** City Hall becomes the Royal Palace.
** Royal Institute of Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts founded.
* 1813 - Oranje-Nassau Kazerne (military barrack) built.
* 1814
** Amsterdam becomes capital of the Netherlands.
** Rijks-Museum relocates to the Trippenhuis building.
** Bank of the Netherlands headquartered in city.
* 1815
** Doelen Hotel in business.
** Population: 180,179.
* 1824 - Netherlands Trading Society headquartered in city.
* 1825
** North Holland Canal constructed.
** Amsterdamsche Stoomboot Maatschappij established
* 1838 - Zoo opens.
* 1839
** Amsterdam–Haarlem railway begins operating.
** Station d'Eenhonderd Roe [nl] opens.
** Arti et Amicitiae society organized.
* 1840
** Coster Diamonds founded.
** Willemspoort [nl] (gate) built.
* 1841 - Mozes en Aäronkerk (church) rebuilt.
* 1843 - Station Amsterdam Weesperpoort [nl] opens.
* 1845 - Zocher Stock Exchange [nl] built.
* 1852 - Bijbels Museum founded.
* 1853 - City "water supply" begins.
* 1854 - Royal Asscher Diamond Company founded.
* 1855 - Arti et Amicitiae constructed.
* 1856
** Amsterdam–Arnhem railway constructed.
** De Eendracht war memorial erected.
** Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij (shipping company) established.
* 1862 - Bloemenmarkt founded.
* 1863 - Museum Fodor opens.
* 1864 - Crystal Palace built on the Frederiksplein (Amsterdam) [nl].
* 1866 - Population: 264,498.
* 1867
** Heineken brewery built.
** Amstel Hotel opens.
* 1869 - Netherlands Bank building constructed.
* 1870
** Rijksakademie, De Bijenkorf shop, and Amstel Brewery founded.
** Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (steamship line) in business.
* 1872 - Construction of the first social housing project, de Dubbeltjespanden
* 1874
** Amsterdam–Zutphen railway constructed.
** Amsterdamse Toneelschool established.
* 1875 - Amsterdamsche Vereeniging tot het bouwen van Arbeiderswoningen [nl] housing association formed.
* 1876
** North Sea Canal opens.
** Population: 281,944.
* 1877 - Municipal University of Amsterdam and Teekenschool voor Kunstambachten founded.
* 1878 - Den Helder–Amsterdam railway begins operating.
* 1880 - Vrije Universiteit established.
* 1881
** Telephone in operation.
** AVA-woonblok D,E,F,G [nl] housing built in Czaar Peterbuurt.
** Stille Omgang revived.
* 1882 - Spui square created.
* 1883
** May: International Colonial and Export Exhibition opens.
** Parkschouwburg (Amsterdam) [nl] (theatre) built.
** Prins Hendrikplantsoen [nl] (park) laid out.
* 1884
** Amsterdamsch Conservatorium founded.
** Population: 361,326.
* 1885 - Rijksmuseum opens.
* 1886 - July: Palingoproer eel riot occurs.
* 1887
** Orange riots..
** Elsevier publisher in business.
** Basilica of St. Nicholas built.
* 1888 - Concertgebouw built, and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra founded.
* 1889 - Amsterdam Centraal railway station opens.
* 1890 - Victoria Hotel, Amsterdam in business.
* 1893 - Economic unrest.
* 1894 - Stadsschouwburg rebuilt.
* 1895
** Wereldtentoonstelling voor het Hotel- en Reiswezen [nl] (exhibit) held.
** Museum Willet-Holthuysen and Catholic Ignatius Gymnasium (school) established.
* 1896 - Hotel de l'Europe in business on the Nieuwe Doelenstraat (Amsterdam) [nl].
* 1900
** Gemeentetram Amsterdam tramway established.
** Amstelodamum [nl] historical society and AFC Ajax football club formed.
** Population: 523,557.

## 20th century
### 1900-1939

* 1903
** Railroad Strike.
** Beurs van Berlage built.
* 1904 - August: International Socialist Congress held.
* 1906 - Amsterdam Wind Orchestra ATH formed.
* 1907 - Nöggerath [nl] cinema and Het Houten Stadion (stadium) open.
* 1911 - Rembrandt House Museum opens.
* 1914 - Harry Elte Stadium and De Groote Club [nl] on Kalverstraat built.
* 1915
** De Bijenkorf (Amsterdam) [nl] department store built.
** Querido Verlag [nl] (publisher) in business.
* 1917
** 1917 Potato riots.
** Amsterdam-Zuid development begins per Plan Zuid.
* 1919
** Public library opens.
** Het Schip apartment building erected.
** Disteldorp and Vogeldorp areas built in Amsterdam-Noord.
** Population: 647,120.
* 1920
** Construction of the Defence Line of Amsterdam completed.
** Muzieklyceum and Rialto cinema established.
* 1921
** Buiksloot, Nieuwendam, Ransdorp, Sloten, and Watergraafsmeer annexed.
** Tuschinski cinema built.
* 1923 - Tuindorp Oostzaan area built.
* 1924.
** Institute of Applied Art formed.
** National Vocational School for Pastry Chefs opens.
* 1925 - Tooneelmuseum (stage museum) founded.
* 1926
** Amsterdam Museum established.
** Royal Tropical Institute building constructed
** HEMA (store) in business on Kalverstraat.
* 1927 - American Women's Club Amsterdam founded.
* 1928 - Summer Olympics held.
* 1929 - Palace of National Industry burns down.
* 1932 - Joods Historisch Museum opens.
* 1933 - Alhambra Theater opens.
* 1934
** July: Jordaanoproer.
** Allard Pierson Museum opens.
* 1935
** International Institute for Social History established.
** City Theater (Amsterdam) [nl] cinema opens.
* 1936 - Cineac [nl] Theatre built.
* 1939
** Amsterdam Amstel railway station opens.
** Apollo House (Amsterdam) [nl] built.

### World War II

* 1940
** 11 May: Bombing of Amsterdam by the Luftwaffe
** German occupation begins
** Het Parool newspaper begins publication.
* 1941
** February strike.
** Central Office for Jewish Emigration in the Netherlands begins operating.
* 1943
** 27 March: 1943 bombing of the Amsterdam civil registry office
** July: Allied bombings of Amsterdam-Noord.
* 1944 - 4 August: Frank family arrested.
* 1945People celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands at the end of World War II on 8 May 1945.
** 18 January: Executions on the Fusilladeplaats Rozenoord begin.
** 5 May: German occupation ends.
** 7 May: Shooting on Dam square, Amsterdam.
** Filmtheater Kriterion [nl] opens.
** De Volkskrant newspaper in publication.
* 1946 - Dutch Historic Film Archive founded.
* 1947
** The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank is published.
** Holland Festival begins.

### 1950s-1990s

* 1952
** May: Amsterdam–Rhine Canal opens.
** DOK (discothèque) [nl] active.
** Filmmuseum founded.
* 1956 - National Monument erected in Dam Square.
* 1957 - Horecava hospitality trade fair begins.
* 1958 - Netherlands Film and Television Academy founded.
* 1959 - Population: 872,000.
* 1960
** Anne Frank House museum established on the Prinsengracht.
** Academie voor Kleinkunst (school) founded.
** Uitzendbureau Amstelveen (now Randstad NV) was founded.
* 1961 - Amsterdam RAI Exhibition and Convention Centre opens.
* 1962 - Hilton Hotel in business.
* 1965 - Counterculture Provo (movement) begins.
* 1966
** 13–14 June: Telegraafrellen [nl] (labor unrest) occurs.
** Weesperkarspel annexed.
* 1967 - Catholic Theological University of Amsterdam established.
* 1968Protest against the Vietnam War in Amsterdam, April 1968
** Art & Project gallery opens.
** Theaterschool founded.
* 1969
** March: Bed-In for Peace held.
** May: Student protest occurs at the University of Amsterdam Maagdenhuis [nl].
** STEIM cultural venue established.
* 1970 - Population: 807,095.
* 1971 - Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA railway station opens.
* 1972 - In-Out Centre opens.
* 1973 - Van Gogh Museum opens.
* 1975
** Flag of Amsterdam design adopted.
** Rainbow Foundation, De Appel art centre, and Other Books and So founded.
** Amsterdam Marathon and SAIL Amsterdam begin.
* 1976 - Sweelinck Conservatorium formed.
* 1977
** 9 May: Hotel Polen fire.
** Amsterdam Metro begins operating.
** Uitmarkt begins
* 1978 - MonteVideo founded.
* 1979
** Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra founded.
** Huis van Bewaring I (Weteringschans) [nl] (prison) closed.
* 1981 - 21 November: Protest against stationing of NATO missiles.
* 1984
** Social unrest.
** Amsterdam Fantastic Film Festival begins.
* 1985 - Annual contemporary art fair begins.
* 1986
** Amsterdam–Schiphol railway begins operating.
** Stopera opera hall opens.
* 1987 - Amsterdamse Poort (shopping centre) opens.
* 1988
** International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam begins.
** Stopera city hall opens.
* 1990 - Population: 695,221.
* 1991
** Museum Geelvinck-Hinlopen established.
** Museum Jan van der Togt opens.
* 1992
** 4 October: Airplane crash in Bijlmermeer.
** Miniature Museum founded.
* 1993 - La Rive and Boom Chicago founded.
* 1994
** Conservatorium van Amsterdam and Prostitution Information Center founded.
** SMART Project Space opens.
* 1996
** Amsterdam Gay Pride begins.
** Amsterdam Arena built.
* 1997
** 2 October: EU treaty signed in city.
** Henk Sneevlietweg metro station opens.
** IJburg residential archipelago construction begins.
* 1999 - OT301 squat begins.
* 2000
** Prostitution in the Netherlands legalized.
** Euronext founded.

## 21st century

* 2001
** 1 April: First legalized same-sex marriage in the Netherlands occurs.
** Foam Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam and Heineken Music Hall open.
** Job Cohen becomes mayor.
** 290 Square Meters opens its first shop
* 2004 - 2 November: Filmmaker Van Gogh killed on Linnaeusstraat [nl].
* 2006 - Amsterdam Film eXperience begins.
* 2007
** KLIK! Amsterdam Animation Festival begins.
** Diamond Museum Amsterdam opens.
** Centrale Bibliotheek moves into new building.
** Amsterdam City Archives relocates to De Bazel building.
** De Schreeuw memorial erected in the Oosterpark.
* 2008 - Amsterdam Holendrecht railway station opens.
* 2009 - H'ART Museum opens.
* 2010 - Eberhard van der Laan becomes mayor.
* 2011 - February: Retrial of Geert Wilders begins in the Rechtbank Amsterdam [nl] (court).
* 2012
** 21 April: Sloterdijk train collision.
** EYE Film Institute Netherlands opens.
* 2013 - Population: 800.000 in January 2013.
* 2014
** 17 July: Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 departs from Amsterdam, later crashes in Ukraine.
** 2014 Amsterdam drug deaths occur.
* 2015
** February: University of Amsterdam Bungehuis and Maagdenhuis occupations (student protest) occur.
** Regeneration of Frederik Hendrikplantsoen
* 2018
** Femke Halsema becomes mayor.
** 2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack
* 2019
** December: The start of Stichting Nederlied for special dutch language theatre
* 2022
** The municipality Weesp merged with Amsterdam on 24 March 2022.
** Population: 903.000 in March 2022.
* 2024
** March. Opening of the Dutch National Holocaust Museum
** 2024 University of Amsterdam pro-Palestinian campus occupations
** November 2024 Amsterdam riots

## Images

* Portrait of the syndics of the Amsterdam Goldsmiths Guild, established in 1601 (painting from 1627)
* Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons anatomy lesson on 31 January 1632
* Stadhuis on fire, 7 July 1652
* Aviary, Blauw Jan Inn, Amsterdam, ca.1700
* Train begins operating, 1839
* Centraal Station, Amsterdam, ca.1890s
* Labor unrest, 1966