# Cumberland (Nova Scotia provincial electoral district)

Cumberland was a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that, at the time of its dissolution, elected two members to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The district existed from 1867 until 1949, when the County of Cumberland was divided into three electoral districts: Cumberland East, Cumberland West and Cumberland Centre.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

Except for a brief period from 1916-1933 when it elected three members, Cumberland almost always elected two members to the Nova Scotia Legislature.
Cumberland elected the following members to the Legislative Assembly:
| Legislature | Years | Member | Party | Member | Party |
| 43rd | 1945–1949 | Martin J. Kaufman | Liberal | Kenneth Judson Cochrane | Liberal |
| 42nd | 1941–1945 | Archie B. Smith | Progressive Conservative | Kenneth Judson Cochrane | Liberal |
| 41st | 1940–1941 | Archie B. Smith | Progressive Conservative | Leonard William Fraser | Progressive Conservative |
| 41st | 1937–1940 | Archie B. Smith | Progressive Conservative | Percy Chapman Black | Progressive Conservative |
| 40th | 1933–1937 | John S. Smiley | Liberal | Percy Chapman Black | Progressive Conservative |
| Legislature | Years | Member | Party | Member | Party | Member | Party |
| 39th | 1928–1933 | Archibald Terris | Labour | Percy Chapman Black | Liberal-Conservative | Daniel George McKenzie | Liberal-Conservative |
| 38th | 1925–1928 | Archibald Terris | Labour | Percy Chapman Black | Liberal-Conservative | Daniel George McKenzie | Liberal-Conservative |
| 37th | 1920–1925 | Archibald Terris | Labour | Gilbert Nelson Allen | United Farmer's Party | Daniel George McKenzie | United Farmer's Party |
| 36th | 1916–1920 | James Ralston | Liberal | James W. Kirkpatrick | Liberal-Conservative | Rufus Carter | Liberal |
| Legislature | Years | Member | Party | Member | Member | Party |
| 35th | 1911–1916 | James Ralston | Liberal | | Rufus Carter | Liberal |
| 34th | 1909–1911 | Joshua H. Livingstone | Liberal | | Elisha B. Paul | Liberal |
| 34th | 1906–1909 | William Thomas Pipes | Liberal | | Elisha B. Paul | Liberal |
| 33rd | 1904–1906 | Daniel J. McLeod | Liberal-Conservative | | Elisha B. Paul | Liberal |
| 33rd | 1901–1904 | Daniel J. McLeod | Liberal-Conservative | | Thomas Reuben Black | Liberal |
| 32nd | 1897–1901 | Alexander E. Fraser | Liberal | | Thomas Reuben Black | Liberal |
| 31st | 1894–1897 | Alexander E. Fraser | Liberal | | Thomas Reuben Black | Liberal |
| 30th | 1890–1894 | William Oxley | Liberal-Conservative | | George W. Forrest | Liberal-Conservative |
| 29th | 1886–1890 | Richard L. Black | Liberal-Conservative | | Thomas Reuben Black | Liberal |
| 28th | 1884–1886 | William Thomas Pipes | Liberal | | Thomas Reuben Black | Liberal |
| 28th | 1882–1884 | William Thomas Pipes | Liberal | | Charles James Townshend | Liberal-Conservative |
| 27th | 1878–1882 | Edward Vickery | Liberal-Conservative | | Charles James Townshend | Liberal-Conservative |
| 26th | 1875–1878 | Edward Vickery | Liberal-Conservative | seat abolished* | seat abolished* | seat abolished* | Hiram Black | Independent |
| 26th | 1874–1875 | Edward Vickery | Liberal-Conservative | | Amos Purdy | Liberal | Hiram Black | Independent |
| 25th | 1871–1874 | Edward Vickery | Liberal-Conservative | | Henry Gesner Pineo Jr. | Liberal-Conservative |
| 24th | 1867–1871 | Amos Purdy | Anti-Confederation Party | | Henry Gesner Pineo Jr. | Liberal-Conservative |
$^{*NB}$ During the election of 1874, claims of collusion and ballot stuffing were made, which resulted in 3 members being elected on behalf of Cumberland County. After investigation, however, along with public pressure, Amos Purdy resigned his seat, returning the district to their normal 2-member representation in the House.

## Election results
### 1867

1867 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Henry Gesner Pineo Jr. | 1,337 | 25.61% |
| | Liberal | Amos Purdy | 1,309 | 25.07% |
| | Liberal | W. Fullerton | 1,291 | 24.73% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Edward Vickery | 1,284 | 24.59% |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,221 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1871

1871 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Henry Gesner Pineo Jr. | 1,605 | 31.00% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Edward Vickery | 1,584 | 30.59% |
| | Liberal | George Hibbard | 1,043 | 20.14% |
| | Liberal | J. K. Kiderkin | 946 | 18.27% |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,178 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1874

1874 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Hiram Black | 1,461 | 27.70% |
| | Liberal | Amos Purdy | 1,304 | 24.72% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Edward Vickery | 1,301 | 24.66% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | C. J. Townsend | 1,209 | 22.92% |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,275 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1878

1878 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Charles James Townshend | 1,792 | 27.88% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Edward Vickery | 1,667 | 25.94% |
| | Liberal | William Oxley | 1,657 | 25.78% |
| | Liberal | C. Lewis | 1,311 | 20.40% |
| Total | Total | Total | 6,427 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1882

1882 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | William Thomas Pipes | 1,875 | 27.71% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Charles James Townshend | 1,690 | 24.98% |
| | Liberal | Charles A. Smith | 1,682 | 24.86% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Edward Vickery | 1,519 | 22.45% |
| Total | Total | Total | 6,766 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1886

1886 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Thomas Reuben Black | 2,083 | 25.22% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Richard L. Black | 2,064 | 24.99% |
| | Liberal | George W. Forrest | 1,939 | 23.47% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | C. J. Macfarlane | 1,833 | 22.19% |
| | Independent | James B. Wilson | 341 | 4.13% |
| Total | Total | Total | 8,260 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1890

1890 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal–Conservative | George W. Forrest | 2,818 | 27.30% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | William Oxley | 2,715 | 26.30% |
| | Liberal | Thomas Reuben Black | 2,537 | 24.58% |
| | Liberal | Richard L. Black | 2,252 | 21.82% |
| Total | Total | Total | 10,322 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1894

1894 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Thomas Reuben Black | 3,109 | 28.38% |
| | Liberal | Alexander E. Fraser | 2,902 | 26.50% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | George W. Forrest | 2,498 | 22.81% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | William Oxley | 2,444 | 22.31% |
| Total | Total | Total | 10,953 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1897

1897 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Thomas Reuben Black | 3,487 | 29.14% |
| | Liberal | Alexander E. Fraser | 3,251 | 27.16% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Alexander H. McKinnon | 2,689 | 22.47% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | J. C. McDougall | 2,541 | 21.23% |
| Total | Total | Total | 11,968 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1901

1901 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Daniel McLeod | 2,946 | 25.52% |
| | Liberal | Thomas Reuben Black | 2,944 | 25.50% |
| | Liberal | M. L. Tucker | 2,933 | 25.41% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | C. R. Smith | 2,720 | 23.56% |
| Total | Total | Total | 11,543 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1906

1906 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Earle B. Paul | 3,619 | 26.57% |
| | Liberal | William Thomas Pipes | 3,587 | 26.34% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Daniel McLeod | 3,419 | 25.10% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | C. F. Jameison | 2,995 | 21.99% |
| Total | Total | Total | 13,620 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1911

1911 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | James Ralston | 4,168 | 26.10% |
| | Liberal | Rufus Carter | 4,154 | 26.01% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | J. Flemming Gilroy | 4,030 | 25.24% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | C. R. Smith | 3,617 | 22.65% |
| Total | Total | Total | 15,969 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1916

1916 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Rufus Carter | 3,962 | 17.09% |
| | Liberal | James Ralston | 3,951 | 17.05% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | James W. Kirkpatrick | 3,791 | 16.36% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | D. W. Morrison | 3,620 | 15.62% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | J. Flemming Gilroy | 3,572 | 15.41% |
| | Liberal | Joshua H. Livingstone | 3,554 | 15.33% |
| | Labour | James B. Nelson | 727 | 3.14% |
| Total | Total | Total | 23,177 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1920

1920 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | United Farmers | Gilbert Nelson Allen | 4,934 | 16.01% |
| | United Farmers | Daniel George McKenzie | 4,766 | 15.46% |
| | Labour | Archibald Terris | 4,716 | 15.30% |
| | Liberal | James Ralston | 4,486 | 14.55% |
| | Liberal | Rufus Carter | 3,215 | 10.43% |
| | Liberal | Varley B. Fullerton | 2,659 | 8.63% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Grace McLeod Rogers | 2,470 | 8.01% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Percy L. Spicer | 1,864 | 6.05% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Everett C. Leslie | 1,714 | 5.56% |
| Total | Total | Total | 29,110 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1925

1925 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Percy Chapman Black | 9,057 | 22.11% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Daniel George McKenzie | 8,580 | 20.95% |
| | Labour | Archibald Terris | 8,267 | 20.18% |
| | Liberal | James Ralston | 5,508 | 13.45% |
| | Liberal | Charles H. Read | 4,797 | 11.71% |
| | Liberal | James M. Wardrope | 4,754 | 11.61% |
| Total | Total | Total | 40,963 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1928

1928 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Percy Chapman Black | 7,710 | 19.78% |
| | Labour | Archibald Terris | 6,667 | 17.11% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Daniel George McKenzie | 6,605 | 16.95% |
| | Liberal | John S. Smiley | 6,230 | 15.99% |
| | Liberal | Kenneth Judson Cochrane | 5,999 | 15.39% |
| | Liberal | Charles H. Read | 5,758 | 14.78% |
| Total | Total | Total | 38,969 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1933

1933 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | John S. Smiley | 9,540 | 26.15% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Percy Chapman Black | 9,406 | 25.78% |
| | Liberal | Earle B. Paul | 9,242 | 25.34% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Archibald Terris | 8,291 | 22.73% |
| Total | Total | Total | 36,479 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1937

1937 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Percy Chapman Black | 10,289 | 28.88% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Archie B. Smith | 9,272 | 26.02% |
| | Liberal | John S. Smiley | 8,047 | 22.58% |
| | Liberal | Archibald J. Mason | 8,024 | 22.52% |
| Total | Total | Total | 35,632 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1941

1941 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Kenneth Judson Cochrane | 7,970 | 25.90% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Archie B. Smith | 7,954 | 25.84% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Leonard William Fraser | 7,814 | 25.39% |
| | Liberal | Archibald J. Mason | 7,040 | 22.87% |
| Total | Total | Total | 30,778 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||

### 1945

1945 Nova Scotia general election: Cumberland :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Liberal | Kenneth Judson Cochrane | 6,995 | 23.17% |
| | Liberal | Martin J. Kaufman | 6,540 | 21.67% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Archie B. Smith | 6,271 | 20.77% |
| | Liberal–Conservative | Norman Shaw Sanford | 5,807 | 19.24% |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | John James Crummey | 2,867 | 9.50% |
| | Co-operative Commonwealth | Joseph Bernard Murray | 1,706 | 5.65% |
| Total | Total | Total | 30,186 | – |
| Source(s) Source: Nova Scotia Legislature (2021). "Cumberland North" (PDF). nslegislature.ca. |||||||