OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ascot d'Oilly Castle

Ascot d'Oilly Castle is situated north of the village of Ascott-under-Wychwood in the north west region of Oxfordshire. It is a scheduled ancient monument. A fragment of the castle remains and is a Grade II listed building. It was named after Roger d'Oilly who was granted it by William the Conqueror and whose brother built Oxford Castle. It is thought that the castle was built around 1129 and it was demolished soon after 1175. There are fragmentary remains of a stone tower. The remains consist of raised ground surrounded by broad ditching.
Today the motte of the original castle survives as a mound, around 32 metres (105 ft) wide and 3 metres (9.8 ft) high. The ruins of the keep are situated on top of this mound in the central 20-metre (66 ft) area. It was excavated by Martyn Jope and R. I. Threlfall in 1946–1947 and then in 1959. Excavations carried out in 1946–1947 not only unearthed a number of important artefacts such as 12th-century shelly ware pottery, they also showed how earth was piled up around the outside of a square tower for fortification i.e the castle was built on ground level and then the clay mound, that survives to date, was built around it, instead of the castle being built on a raised mound from the start. Whilst an uncommon practise, similar examples of this style of construction can be found at Lydford, Caldicot, and Skenfrith, amongst others. Only traces of the tower remain and they suggest that it was about 11 square metres (120 sq ft) with walls 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) thick.
The castle is very close to the fortification of Ascott Earl Castle, built on an adjacent estate at the other end of the village. These two castles are considered unique, as they are in close proximity, being only 550 metres (1,800 ft) apart, yet they have never been used in armed struggle against each other. The castle is also very close to Leafield Castle with it only being 2.7 miles away. It is possible that these two fortifications are linked with the shared defence of West Oxfordshire.
# Selside and Fawcett Forest

Selside and Fawcett Forest is a civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district, in the county of Cumbria, England. It was created on 1 April 2020, from the civil parishes of Fawcett Forest and Whitwell and Selside. It borders the parishes of Skelsmergh and Scalthwaiterigg, Longsleddale, Shap Rural, Orton, Whinfell and Strickland Roger.
The population of "Whitwell and Selside" in the 2011 United Kingdom census was 296, but data for Fawcett Forest is unavailable.
# Amiesh Saheba

Amiesh Maheshbhai Saheba (born 15 November 1959 in Ahmedabad) is an Indian cricket umpire and former cricketer. He played as a batsman for Gujarat.
Saheba played 15 first-class cricket matches for Gujarat, between 1983 and 1989.
He stood in his first Test match as an umpire on 12 December 2008. He has officiated in 51 One Day Internationals, four Twenty20 Internationals and three Test matches.
Saheba retired as a national-level umpire in 2019, having officiated in 113 matches, a national record at the time.
# Saadet II Giray

Saadet II Giray (reigned 1584) was nominally a khan of the Crimean Khanate. More accurately, he rebelled against his uncle and called himself khan, but was soon driven out.
He was the son of Mehmed II Giray. When the Turks replaced Mehmed with İslâm II, Mehmed fled but was caught and killed. His sons reached safety on the steppes. Less than three months later Saadet returned with an army. Saadet took the capital and had the nobles name him khan. Islyam appealed to the Turks who sent troops and drove Saadet out of Crimea. He died at Astrakhan around 1588, possibly murdered by the Russians.
For a fuller account see his father Mehmed II Giray and his adversary İslâm II Giray.

## His sons

* Kumyk: Probably poisoned by Russians in Astrakhan along with his uncle Murad
* Devlet: Nureddin under Gazi II; in 1601 planned to rebel but was killed.
* Shahin Giray: Escaped after Devlet was killed, active until 1641.
* Mehmed III Giray: Escaped after Devlet was killed, killed Tokhtamysh, later khan.
# William F. Robinson

William F. Robinson (December 29, 1913 – July 5, 2008) was a Democrat American politician and semiprofessional baseball player from Buffalo, New York. He represented the 3rd District of the Erie County Legislature from 1986 to 1993.
Robinson was born in Valdosta, Georgia and spent part of his youth in Miami, Florida, where he excelled at baseball while attending White Plains High School and playing on championship teams.
In 1934, Robinson went on to play in the Negro leagues for the Brooklyn Royals. He was a catcher for the team until 1940, and his uniform now hangs in the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in Kansas City, Missouri.
Robinson moved to Buffalo in 1942 and worked as a welder and a bus driver.
# Isidoro de Atondo y Antillón

The Spanish admiral Isidro de Atondo y Antillón (baptized 3 December 1639) is best known for his role in unsuccessful attempts to establish colonies on the Baja California peninsula in 1683–1685.

## Biography

Atondo was born in Valtierra, in the Navarra region of Spain, to noble parents. Baptized in 1639, he began his military service in 1658, fighting in several European campaigns, both on land and at sea. After coming to the New World in 1669, Atondo was named governor and captain general of Sinaloa in northwestern New Spain in 1676. In 1678, he was charged with leading a well-financed effort to establish a Spanish presence on the Baja California peninsula, where intermittent attempts since the 1530s had uniformly ended in failure.
Accompanied by the Jesuit missionaries Eusebio Francisco Kino and Matías Goñi, Atondo sailed to La Paz in April 1683. Efforts to establish a settlement among the Pericú and Guaycura of the La Paz area ended with the Spanish soldiers becoming embroiled in hostilities with the natives. La Paz was abandoned, and the Spanish moved north to try again at San Bruno among the Cochimí north of Loreto in December 1683.
Atondo's second attempt at colonization was more peaceful, longer-lasting, and more fruitful in geographical exploration than the first. However, it, too, came to an unsuccessful conclusion when the settlement proved unable to sustain itself and had to be abandoned in May 1685. The consequences of the Atondo expeditions included a reluctance on the part of the Spanish government to be drawn again into the expensive and unproductive task of colonizing Baja California, but also an enthusiasm on the part of Kino and other Jesuits to develop this mission field.
Atondo subsequently served in Nueva Vizcaya and Oaxaca, and he was received into the Order of Santiago in 1689.
# C.D. São Salvador

Clube Desportivo São Salvador or C.D. São Salvador is an Angolan sports club in Zaire Province.
In 2013, the team participated in the Gira Angola, the qualifying tournament for Angola's top division, the Girabola.
# Triumph TR5 Trophy

The TR5 Trophy was a standard motorcycle made by Triumph Engineering at the Meriden factory between 1949 and 1958.

## Development

Based on the Speed Twin, the TR5 was a trials machine designed for off-road use with a high level two into one exhaust and good handling on public roads. The name 'Trophy' came from the three 'specials' that Triumph built for the Italian International Six Day Trial in 1948, which went on to win three gold medals and the manufacturers team trophy. Racing in American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) Class C until 1969, the American export models included components from the Tiger 100 to create a motorcycle for desert competition.
The original TR5 Trophy models of 1949 used the aluminum cylinder barrels and heads from a generator motor Triumph had supplied for the War Department in WW2. This was Triumph's first aluminum cylinder head/barrel, and factory employees speculated during the War that the alloy heads, with their superior cooling properties, could easily be adapted for a motorcycle. The TR5 Trophy models from 1949 to 1950 used modified versions of these cylinder heads, nicknamed the 'square barrel'. From 1951 the 498 cc (30.4 cu in) engine was updated with new alloy barrels and heads with finer-pitch finning and a rounded profile, which was shared with the Tiger 100 model. The TR5 was replaced with a new range of unit construction twins in 1959.

## Trophy name

The Trophy name was extended to the TR6 Trophy and resurrected for the Trophy 500 (T100C) in 1971, which in turn was replaced by the Trophy Trail (TR5T) in 1973. This model enjoyed competition success gaining the British team individual gold medals and 2nd place overall in the 1973 ISDT competition held in the critical USA market. The new Triumph Motorcycles company also used the Trophy name for the Trophy 900 and Trophy 1200 models.

## James Dean

Inspired by Marlon Brando's 6T Triumph Thunderbird in The Wild One, James Dean bought a Triumph TR5 Trophy. Phil Stern's series of iconic photographs of Dean show him on this bike. It was sold after the actor's death, and then was retrieved, restored and displayed at the James Dean Gallery in Fairmount, Indiana.

## Happy Days

The Fonz, a character played by Henry Winkler in the popular and long-running American sit-com Happy Days, rode a mildly customized 1949 Trophy TR5 starting in Season 2. The motorcycle was provided by stuntman and Triumph dealer Bud Ekins, who removed the front fender, painted the fuel tank silver and changed the handlebars. The bike used in the sitcom was put up for auction in October 2011.
# African goose

The African or African Goose is a breed of domestic goose. It is one of two domestic breeds that derive from the wild species Anser cygnoides, the other being the Chinese; all other domestic geese derive from Anser anser. Despite the name, it is not from Africa but is of Chinese origin, found in Teochew and Swatow of South China. It is a large bird, among the heaviest of all goose breeds.

## History

The African Goose is one of two domestic goose breeds that derive from the wild species Anser cygnoides, the other being the Chinese, to which it is closely related.$^{:364}$ Domestication took place in north Asia, and birds of this type were later brought to Europe, possibly via Madagascar; they were present in Britain before the end of the seventeenth century.$^{:353}$
The brown variety was included in the first edition of the Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 1874; the white was added in 1987, and the buff in 2018.

## Characteristics

The African Goose is a large, heavy bird, among the heaviest of all goose breeds.$^{:364}$$^{:353}$ According to the British standard, weights are approximately 8–11 kg for geese and 10–13 kg for ganders; the Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter [de] gives weights of 7 kg and 8 kg respectively.$^{:364}$ The birds may stand up to 90 cm tall.$^{:364}$ The body is large and is carried at about 35° to the horizontal; the back is long and fairly flat, the breast and belly smooth and rounded. The tail is held above the back-line, particularly in ganders.$^{:364}$ The head is large, with a large knob protruding forwards and upwards from the front of the head and the top of the upper mandible of the broad bill. The neck is long, thick and slightly arched, with a smooth crescent-shaped dewlap hanging below the lower mandible.$^{:353}$
Three color varieties are recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain and the American Poultry Association: the grey or brown, the buff and the white.$^{:353}$ The brown has wild-type plumage, with colors ranging from light to dark grey-brown (or light ash to dark slate), with black bill and knob and dark or brownish-orange shanks and feet. The white has pure white plumage, with orange bill and knob and light orange legs, and the buff has the same plumage pattern as the brown, but in colors ranging from light fawn to buff; the legs and webs are a light dull orange, the knob and bill a pinkish brown.$^{:354}$ Only the grey/brown is recognised by the Entente Européenne d'Aviculture et de Cuniculture.

## Use

The African Goose is commonly reared for meat. Geese lay about 25 eggs per year; the eggs are white and weigh some 130 g. Ring size is 27 mm.
# Matthew Griffin

Matthew Griffin (born 26 July 1983) is an Australian professional golfer. He plays on the PGA Tour of Australasia where he has won four times. He formerly played on the OneAsia Tour where he won twice and won the Order of Merit in 2013. On 14 July 2014, Griffin won the Yamaha Hankyung KPGA Championship on the Korean Tour.

## Professional wins (8)
### PGA Tour of Australasia wins (4)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 17 Sep 2011 | South Pacific Open | −15 (70-69-67-67=273) | Playoff | Terry Pilkadaris |
| 2 | 23 Feb 2014 | Oates Victorian Open Championship | −7 (74-71-68-68=281) | Playoff | Matt Stieger |
| 3 | 13 Mar 2016 | BMW ISPS Handa New Zealand Open | −20 (70-65-65-67=267) | 1 stroke | Hideto Tanihara |
| 4 | 14 Jan 2024 | Heritage Classic | −24 (61-65-69-69=264) | 6 strokes | Jak Carter, Quinnton Croker |
PGA Tour of Australasia playoff record (2–0)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponent | Result |
| 1 | 2011 | South Pacific Open | Terry Pilkadaris | Won with birdie on second extra hole |
| 2 | 2014 | Oates Victorian Open Championship | Matt Stieger | Won with birdie on third extra hole |

### OneAsia Tour wins (3)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 9 Sep 2012 | Charity High 1 Open$^1$ | −10 (67-70-69-72=278) | 1 stroke | Park Sang-hyun, Kang Kyung-nam |
| 2 | 19 May 2013 | SK Telecom Open$^1$ | −13 (64-67-72=203)* | 1 stroke | Kang Wook-soon |
*Note: The 2013 SK Telecom Open was shortened to 54 holes due to fog. $^1$Co-sanctioned by the Korean Tour

### Korean Tour wins (3)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up |
| 1 | 9 Sep 2012 | Charity High 1 Open$^1$ | −10 (67-70-69-72=278) | 1 stroke | Park Sang-hyun, Kang Kyung-nam |
| 2 | 19 May 2013 | SK Telecom Open$^1$ | −13 (64-67-72=203)* | 1 stroke | Kang Wook-soon |
| 3 | 13 Jul 2014 | Yamaha Hankyung KPGA Championship | −20 (69-67-66-66=268) | 3 strokes | Moon Kyong-jun |
*Note: The 2013 SK Telecom Open was shortened to 54 holes due to fog. $^1$Co-sanctioned by the OneAsia Tour

### Other wins (1)

* 2009 Fiji Open

## Results in major championships

| Tournament | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
| The Open Championship | CUT | | | NT | | CUT |
CUT = missed the half-way cut
NT = No tournament due to the COVID-19 pandemic Note: Griffin only played in The Open Championship.

## Results in World Golf Championships

| Tournament | 2017 |
| Championship | 75 |
| Match Play | |
| Invitational | |
| Champions | T67 |

## Team appearances

Amateur
* Eisenhower Trophy (representing Australia): 2008
* Sloan Morpeth Trophy (representing Australia): 2008 (winners)
* Australian Men's Interstate Teams Matches (representing Victoria): 2006, 2007, 2008 (winners)
# Vetle Skjærvik

Vetle Skjærvik (born 15 September 2000) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a defender for Tromsø.

## Career

Skjærvik played youth football at Roterud and Lillehammer, before starting his senior career with the latter in 2017. After three seasons with Lillehammer, he moved to HamKam in 2020. On 2 April 2022, he made his Eliteserien debut in a 2–2 draw against Lillestrøm.
He was bought by Lillestrøm ahead of the 2023 season, and featured on their losing team in the 2022–23 Norwegian Football Cup final.

## Career statistics

    As of 15 September 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Europe | Europe | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Lillehammer | 2017 | 2. divisjon | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 16 | 1 |
| Lillehammer | 2018 | 4. divisjon | 20 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 23 | 1 |
| Lillehammer | 2019 | 4. divisjon | 21 | 4 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 21 | 4 |
| Lillehammer | Total | Total | 57 | 6 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 60 | 6 |
| HamKam | 2020 | 1. divisjon | 22 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 22 | 0 |
| HamKam | 2021 | 1. divisjon | 21 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 24 | 1 |
| HamKam | 2022 | Eliteserien | 26 | 0 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 29 | 0 |
| HamKam | Total | Total | 69 | 1 | 6 | 0 | — | — | 75 | 1 |
| Lillestrøm | 2023 | Eliteserien | 20 | 1 | 3 | 0 | — | — | 23 | 1 |
| Tromsø | 2024 | Eliteserien | 21 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 1 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 168 | 9 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 186 | 9 |
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Conference League
# Asa S. Bushnell

Asa Smith Bushnell I (September 16, 1834 – January 15, 1904) was an American Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the 40th governor of Ohio. Before becoming governor, he served as the president of the Warder, Bushnell and Glessner Company, one of four companies that would merge to form International Harvester. Other roles in business included serving as president of the Springfield Gas Company and the First National Bank of Springfield.

## Biography

Bushnell was born in Rome, New York, and moved to Springfield, Ohio, at age 17. During the American Civil War, he raised a company of men for the 152nd Ohio Infantry, a 100-days regiment, and served as captain from May to September 1864. He was a Presidential elector in 1884 for Blaine/Logan. A business executive, Bushnell served as the Ohio state Republican Party Chair in 1885. He succeeded William McKinley as governor, serving two two-year terms from 1896 to 1900.

### Valentine Anti-Trust Act

During the Bushnell administration, Ohio took an early leadership role in trust-busting. The Valentine Anti-Trust Act was signed into law by Bushnell. This Act prohibited price fixing, and production limitation. All of these practices helped businesses by driving up the prices for their products, thus harming the consumer. In addition to Valentine Anti-Trust Act, Bushnell's attorney general pursued the monopolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company in the courts. Eventually, U.S. Senator John Sherman of Ohio introduced the Sherman Antitrust Act in the United States Congress in 1890. This law served as the first serious attempt by the federal government to break up monopolies and trusts, though successful enforcement of anti-trust laws was still more than a decade, and new political commitment, away.

### Death

Bushnell came from his home at Springfield in January 1904 to attend the inauguration of Governor Myron T. Herrick at Columbus. After the ceremony, he entered his carriage to return home, was struck with apoplexy before reaching the railroad station, and died at a Columbus hospital four days later. He was buried in the Ferncliff Cemetery, Springfield on January 18, 1904.

## Family

Bushnell married Ellen Ludlow of Springfield, September 17, 1857. They had two daughters and a son. He was a member of the Masons, the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Episcopal Church

## Residence

Bushnell and his wife built a Richardson Romanesque mansion in Springfield, Ohio. The house was not designed by Henry Hobson Richardson, but by Richardson’s firm soon after the architect's death. Both of Bushnell's business partners, Benjamin Head Warder and John Glessner, had earlier hired Richardson to design their houses: the Warder Mansion in Washington, DC, and the John J. Glessner House in Chicago. Glessner's house is considered one of Richardson's greatest designs.
The Bushnell House is part of Springfield's East High Street Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Dysprosium(II) iodide

Dysprosium(II) iodide is an iodide of dysprosium with the chemical formula DyI$_2$.

## Preparation

Dysprosium(II) iodide can be produced by reducing dysprosium(III) iodide with metallic dysprosium under a vacuum at 800 to 900 °C:
    Dy + 2 DyI$_3$ → 3 DyI$_2$
It can also be formed by the reaction of dysprosium and mercury(II) iodide:
    Dy + HgI$_2$ → DyI$_2$ + Hg
It can also be formed by the direct reaction of dysprosium and iodine.
    Dy + I$_2$ → DyI$_2$

## Properties

Dysprosium(II) iodide is a dark purple-black solid that is easily deliquescent and can only be stored in a dry inert gas or a vacuum. In the air, it will absorb moisture and become a hydrate, but they are unstable and will quickly convert into iodide oxides and release hydrogen gas. This process occurs faster in the presence of water. This compound has the same crystal structure as cadmium chloride. It can form complexes with tetrahydrofuran, butanol and phenol.

## Uses

The reaction between dysprosium(II) iodide and silicon tetrachloride produces trichlorosilyl radicals, which can catalyze the trimerization of alkynes.
# Pioneer Marshal

Pioneer Marshal is a 1949 American Western film directed by Philip Ford and written by Robert Creighton Williams. The film stars Monte Hale, Paul Hurst, Nan Leslie, Roy Barcroft, Damian O'Flynn and Myron Healey. The film was released as a Fawcett Movie Comic#1 on November 24, 1949, by Republic Pictures.

## Plot

Bruce Burnett, formerly of Chicago runs a remote area that is a haven for outlaws where lawmen are shot on sight. One day, two men arrive by stage, one is detected as a lawman seeking to arrest a killer in Burnett's outlaw territory. Burnett detects the identity of Harvey Masters, a Kansas City lawman and sportingly allows him to leave alive. When Burnett returns, he's shot down. The other stranger is cattle buyer Ted Post, who is really a Dallas Marshal Ed Sherwood, also seeking a criminal.

## Cast

* Monte Hale as Marshal Ed Sherwood Posing as Ted Post
* Paul Hurst as Huck Homer
* Nan Leslie as Susan Devlin
* Roy Barcroft as Clip Pearson
* Damian O'Flynn as Bruce Burnett
* Myron Healey as Larry Devlin
* Ray Walker as Harvey Masters
* John Hamilton as Man with Bracelet
* Clarence Straight as Bartender
* Robert Williams as Rodney

## Comic book adaptation

* Fawcett: Pioneer Marshal (1950)
# Gaberlunzie

Gaberlunzie /ɡæbərˈlʌnji/ is a medieval Scots word for a licensed beggar.

## Etymology

The name may derive from the wallet that such people carried, or from a combination of the French words 'gaban' (a cloak with tight sleeves and a hood) and 'laine' (wool), as these beggars often wore coarse woollen gowns. The beggars were sometimes also called 'bluegowns' from the colour of their cloaks. Chambers's Encyclopaedia of 1892 offers a derivation from the Spanish word 'gaban' (the same origin as the word gabardine), with the second part from 'loin' "the part on which the wallet rests."
The word can also be spelled gaberlunyie, since the z was originally a yogh (gaberlunȝie).

## Literary use

The word appears in several of Sir Walter Scott's books. Gaberlunzies were also known as King's Bedesmen or blue gouns (the gowns were part of the alms given by the monarch). Scott gives an account of the customs and of particular Bedesmen he knew in the introduction to The Antiquary (1816).
Scotsman Donald Farfrae uses the word in Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886): "There are not perpetual snow and wolves at all in it!—except snow in winter, and—well—a little in summer just sometimes, and a 'gaberlunzie' or two stalking about here and there, if ye may call them dangerous."
Gaberlunzie is the name of a character in Alan Garner's novel The Weirdstone of Brisingamen (1960).
The word also makes an appearance in novels in Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin series - Treason's Harbour (1983) and The Hundred Days (1998).
The word is also referenced in the Outlander television series: in Episode 8 of Season 1, a character by the name of Hugh Munro wears many tokens on his chest, granting him permission to beg in different Scottish parishes.
The Scottish folk duo of the same name were formed in the late 1960s and completed their last tour in 2018.
James V admired the life so much he would adopt the cloak and purse and travel his kingdom incognito, reciting ballads for supper and board.