OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SNA

SNA or Sna may refer to:

## Organizations

* Novinite.com (Sofia News Agency), Bulgaria's largest English-language news provider
* Shanni Nationalities Army
* Singapore National Academy, a school in Surabaya, Indonesia
* Sky News Australia, an Australian 24-hour news channel
* Snap-on, an American tool company (NYSE: SNA)
* Social-National Assembly, a Ukrainian far-right political group
* Somali National Army, the land based branch of the Somali Armed Forces
* Somali National Alliance, a faction in the Somali Civil War from 1992
* Sangeet Natak Akademi, the national level academy for performing arts in India
* Suzhou North America High School
* Stellantis North America, an automobile manufacturer
* Syrian National Army, also known as the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army

## Science and technology

* Social network analysis
* Systems Network Architecture, an IBM computer networking protocol suite
* Elderberry lectin, by lectin symbol
* Spherical Nucleic Acids
* .sna, snapshot file used in ZX Spectrum emulation
* SNA (computer graphics), a graphics acceleration architecture
* Sympathetic nervous system activity
* Strange nonchaotic attractor
* Scalar network analyzer (electrical)

## Transport

* John Wayne Airport, by IATA airport code
* Sandal and Agbrigg railway station, by National Rail station code
* Santa Ana (Amtrak station), by Amtrak station code

## Other uses

* Senator Ninoy Aquino, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines
* System of National Accounts
* Student Naval Aviator, training to be a United States Naval Aviator
* Special needs assistant
* sna, the ISO 639 code of the Shona language
* Significant Natural Area, a classification in the Resource Management Act in New Zealand
# 1995 in Italy

Events during the year 1995 in Italy.

## Incumbents

* President: Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
* Prime Minister:
   * Silvio Berlusconi (until 17 January)
   * Lamberto Dini (from 17 January)

## Events

* 11 June – 1995 Italian referendum
* 13 December – Banat Air Flight 166 accident

## Births

* 24 February – Luca Ghiotto, footballer
* 16 March – Daniele Cardelli, footballer
* 16 March – Daniele Cardelli, footballer
* 18 March – Pierluigi Gollini, footballer
* 23 March – Alberto Boniotti, footballer
* 24 March – Luca Lezzerini, footballer
* 12 April – Lorenzo Venuti, footballer
* 26 April – Lorenzo Fragola, singer-songwriter
* 18 May – Marco Lazzaroni, rugby union player
* 30 June – Andrea Petagna, footballer
* 1 July – Federico Palmieri, footballer
* 14 July – Riccardo Ferrara, footballer
* 5 August – Stefano Sensi, footballer
* 30 August – David Zimmerhofer, footballer
* 23 September – Francesco Mileto, footballer
* 13 October – Leonardo Morosini, footballer
* 30 October – Leonardo Morosini, footballer
* 16 November – Nicola Sambo, footballer

## Deaths

* 6 February – Edy Campagnoli, television personality and actress (b. 1934)
* 13 February – Alberto Burri, artist (b. 1915)
* 19 March – Giuseppe Nirta, mafia boss (b. 1913)
* 27 March – Maurizio Gucci, businessman and murder victim (b. 1948)
* 9 April – Paola Borboni, film actress (b. 1900)
* 22 April – Carlo Ceresoli, footballer (b. 1910)
* 25 April – Andrea Fortunato, footballer (b. 1971)
* 27 April – Maurizio Gucci, businessman (b. 1948)
* 12 May – Mia Martini, singer and songwriter (b. 1947)
* 12 June – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, pianist (b. 1920)
* 18 July – Fabio Casartelli, cyclist (b. 1970)
* 20 August – Hugo Pratt, comics creator (b. 1927)
* 2 October – Alessandro Rampini, footballer (b. 1896)
# Harry Hurwitz

Harry Hurwitz (January 27, 1938 – September 21, 1995) was an American film director, screenwriter, actor and producer.

## Biography

Hurwitz attended The High School of Music & Art and New York University, where he received a B.S. in 1960 and an M.A. in 1962. Before becoming a director, Hurwitz worked intermittently as a drawing, painting and filmmaking instructor at various institutions, including New York University, the State University of New York at New Paltz, Cooper Union, Parsons School of Design, Queens College, Purchase College, the New York Institute of Technology and the Pratt Institute. His directorial debut film The Projectionist included the first acting role for actor/comedian Rodney Dangerfield. He often used the pseudonym Harry Tampa.
In the early 1970s, Hurwitz was an artist-in-residence at the University of South Florida in Tampa. It was at that time that he produced the black-and-white serigraphic self-portrait that briefly (and inexplicably, as the film is set in Los Angeles) appears on the walls of the main character May's (Susan Dey) apartment in the 1986 film Echo Park.

## Painting

As a painter, Hurwitz has work in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art, the Corcoran Gallery of Art (now defunct) and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

## Filmography

| Title | Year | Director | Writer | Producer | Role | Notes |
| The Projectionist | 1970 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Friendly Usher | directorial debut, also editor |
| Chaplinesque, My Life and Hard Times | 1972 | Yes | Yes | Yes | | documentary film |
| Richard | 1972 | Yes | Yes | No | | |
| Fairy Tales | 1978 | Yes | No | No | | as Harry Tampa |
| Auditions | 1978 | Yes | No | No | The Director (uncredited) | as Harry Tampa |
| Nocturna: Granddaughter of Dracula | 1979 | Yes | Yes | No | | as Harry Tampa |
| Safari 3000 | 1980 | Yes | No | No | | |
| Under the Rainbow | 1981 | No | Yes | No | | |
| The Comeback Trail | 1982 | Yes | Yes | Yes | | also editor |
| The Big Score | 1983 | No | No | Executive | | |
| The Rosebud Beach Hotel | 1984 | Yes | Uncredited | Yes | | |
| Once a Hero | 1987 | Yes | No | No | | unknown episodes |
| That's Adequate | 1989 | Yes | Yes | Yes | | |
| Fleshtone | 1994 | Yes | Yes | No | | |
# Lev Fyodorov

Lev Alexandrovich Fyodorov (sometimes Fedorov; Russian Лев Александрович Фёдоров; 10 June 1936, Moscow,- 12 August 2017) was a Russian chemist.
He was employed at the V. I. Vernadskiy Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and became a member of the New York Academy of Sciences.
Fyodorov was a chemical warfare officer. After studying chemistry at Lomonosov University, he received his doctorate in 1967 and his habilitation in 1983. After the end of the Soviet era, he published papers on chemical and biological weapons and chemical security. Together with Vil Mirzayanov, he is particularly noted for his part in the publication of details regarding the discovery of Novichok nerve agents, and the subsequent court case against Mirzayanov.

## Achievements

In 1967 Fyodorov received his candidate degree in chemistry and he subsequently defended his doctorate thesis in 1983. He has authored several monographs and articles in the field of physical chemistry and from 1983 his work focused on the environmental issues concerning dioxins.
Fyodorov was the author of articles in Chemosphere (1993) (Dioxin problem in Russian chemical industry, Ecological problems in Russia caused by dioxin emissions from chemical industry)> also articles in "Успехи химии" ("Successes of Chemistry") (1990), and in the journal "Химия и жизнь" ("Chemistry and Life") (1990-1994). His writings were also published in local and central newspapers, and he authored monographs (e.g. "Dioxins as an environmental danger: retrospective and perspective" (1993)) and was participant and speaker at annual international dioxin congresses (beginning in 1992).
In 1992, he founded and registered the Russian Anti-dioxin Association and by July he published an article on Soviet chemical weapons in the weekly "Top Secret". As a result of this, in October he was accused of divulging state secrets in the "Moscow News". He wrote two monographs on this topic, published by the Center of Environmental Policy of Russia ("Chemical Weapons in Russia: History, Ecology, Politics" (1994) and "Undeclared Chemical War in Russia: Policy against Ecology" (1995)). Subsequently he dealt with related problems in environmental chemistry - pesticides, rocket fuel, biological weapons, etc.
On October 15, 1993, at the first meeting of the Union "For Chemical Safety" (registered as a public environmental organization in 1996) he was elected its president.

## Publications

* Chemical Weapons in Russia: History, Ecology, Politics, 1994 (Online)
* We Were Preparing for an All-Out Chemical War, 1995
# Pronator quadratus muscle

Pronator quadratus is a square-shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand.

## Structure

Its fibres run perpendicular to the direction of the arm, running from the most distal quarter of the anterior ulna to the distal quarter of the radius. It has two heads: the superficial head originates from the anterior distal aspect of the diaphysis (shaft) of the ulna and inserts into the anterior distal diaphysis of the radius, as well as its anterior metaphysis. The deep head has the same origin, but inserts proximal to the ulnar notch. It is the only muscle that attaches only to the ulna at one end and the radius at the other end. Arterial blood comes via the anterior interosseous artery.

### Innervation

Pronator quadratus muscle is innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the median nerve.

## Function

When pronator quadratus contracts, it pulls the lateral side of the radius towards the ulna, thus pronating the hand. Its deep fibers serve to keep the two bones in the forearm bound together. Moreover, this muscle can be absent in some humans, however, that does not affect the action of pronation very notably, as the pronator teres does the major role in that action.

## Spinal tracts

The lateral corticospinal tract is responsible for the motor pathway of the pronator quadratus. This tract begins in the precentral gyrus of the motor cortex where a signal is transmitted from the upper motor nerve through the progression tracts of the internal capsule and through the cerebral peduncles of the midbrain. It decussates in the medulla and travels down the lateral corticospinal tract in the lateral column of the spinal cord. It then decussates in the spinal cord and synapses at the anterior horn to the lower motor neurons of the skeletal muscles. The cuneate fasciculus tract is responsible for the sensation of the pronator quadratus position and movement, deep touch, visceral pain, and vibration. This tract begins in the dorsal nerve root where the signal is transmitted through the dorsal horn and up the posterior column of the spinal cord. It synapses with an interneuron in the gracile nucleus. It then decussates in the medial lemniscus of the medulla, travels through the cuneate nucleus and through the medial lemniscus of the midbrain to synapse in the thalamus. It synapses with a third order neuron and transmits the signal to the postcentral gyrus of the somesthetic cortex. This could apply to any muscle in the upper limb and not specific to this muscle.

## Additional images

* Pronator quadratus muscle
* Pronator quadratus muscle
* Pronator quadratus muscle
* Pronator quadratus muscle
# Styloglossus

The styloglossus muscle is a bilaterally paired muscle of the tongue. It originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone. It inserts onto the side of the tongue. It acts to elevate and retract the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII).

## Anatomy

The styloglossus muscle is the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles.

### Origin

It arises from (the anterior and lateral surfaces of) the styloid process of the temporal bone near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament.

### Course and relations

It passes anterioinferiorly from its origin to its insertion between the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery, and between the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

### Insertion

It divides upon the side of the tongue near the dorsal surface of the tongue, blending with the fibers of the longitudinalis inferior muscle anterior to the hyoglossus muscle.

### Innervation

The styloglossus is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) (like all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve (CN X)).

## Function

The styloglossus draws up the sides of the tongue to create a trough for swallowing. Acting bilaterally (both styloglossus muscles contracting simultaneously) they also aid in retracting the tongue.

## Additional images

* Left temporal bone. Outer surface.
* Muscles of the neck. Anterior view.
* The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.
* Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
* Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches.
* Styloglossus muscle
* Styloglossus muscle
* Styloglossus muscle
* Styloglossus muscle
# Thyroepiglottic muscle

A considerable number of the fibers of the thyroarytenoid muscle are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold, where some of them become lost, while others continue to the margin of the epiglottis. They have received a distinctive name, thyroepiglotticus or thyroepiglottic muscle, and are sometimes described as a separate muscle. This muscle's function is to widen the laryngeal inlet.
# Rectus capitis lateralis muscle

The rectus capitis lateralis, a short, flat muscle, arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas, and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone.

## Additional images

* Position of rectus capitis lateralis muscle (shown in red). Animation.
* Close up. Skull has been removed (except occipital bone).
* Lateral view. Still image.
* Occipital bone. Outer surface.
* Base of skull. Inferior surface.
# National Cybersecurity Authority (Saudi Arabia)

National Cybersecurity Authority, National Cyber Security Authority, or the Saudi National Cybersecurity Authority, is a government security entity in Saudi Arabia which focuses primarily on the country's computer security. Created in 2017, it is directly linked to the office of the king.

## History

The organization was set up through the royal decree issued by King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud on 31 October 2017 which was heavily backed by Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud.
   “The authority will be linked to the King and is created to boost cyber security of the state, protect its vital interests, national security and sensitive infrastructure” ― Saudi Press Agency

## Recent announcements

King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud issued a royal decree dated 23 July 2018/10 Dhul Qada 1439 which stressed that all government agencies should upgrade their cyber security to protect their networks, systems and electronic data, and abide by policies, frameworks, standards and guidelines issued by NCA.
On 6 October 2018, NCA had issued core cyber security controls document for minimum standards to be applied in various national agencies to reduce the risk of cyber threats. Along with circulating the news to the private sectors, NCA also said the same to government departments that they have to abide by the policies, frameworks, criteria, guidelines and regulations issued by the authority in this regard.
On October 5, 2020, the NCA announced the issuing of the Cloud Cybersecurity Controls, with the goal of bolstering the reliability of cloud services. The announcement came alongside many of the NCA's existing efforts to protect businesses and the community from cybersecurity threats.

## Global Cybersecurity Forum (GCF)

The authority is organizing a two-day Global Cybersecurity Forum (GCF) under the patronage of King Salman bin Abdulaziz. The forum will take place in February 2020 The Saudi capital Riyadh bringing decision-makers and experts from governments. It also invites participants from business and academia. A range of investors and representatives of international organizations will be participating to address cyber-related issues and challenges.
# Yang Teng-kuei

Yang Teng-kuei (Chinese: 楊登魁; 1938–2012) was a Taiwanese businessman with holdings in multiple media ventures.
He operated a concert hall in Kaohsiung during the 1980s. Yang was active in the East Asian media and entertainment industry, having helped many performers achieve fame, including Chang Fei, Kevin Chu, Brigitte Lin, and Sally Yeh. He was linked to organized crime and imprisoned on Green Island in 1985. In October 1986, Yang and Lo Fu-chu, among others, founded the Tiendaomeng, also known as the Celestial Alliance. Yang was released in 1988 and helped finance Hou Hsiao-hsien's A City of Sadness, only to be jailed again in 1990 on suspicion of gambling. Yang was later freed from Green Island, and in 1992 founded Taiwan's first cable television station. The next year, he funded Jet Li's Fong Sai-yuk. In 1995, Yang was awarded NT$480,000 in compensation for imprisonment without due process during Taiwan's martial law era. He left Taiwan soon after a television station he owned became involved in betting on the Chinese Professional Baseball League. Yang returned in 1997 to establish Gala Television. By the late 1990s, he had become chairman of the Association for Cable Broadcasting Development. Yang's collaboration with Hou Hsiao-hsien continued with the production of Goodbye South, Goodbye in 1996 and Flowers of Shanghai in 1998. He spent the last half of his career in entertainment focused on producing television dramas, such as 2008's Royal Tramp.
In 2004, Yang was a target of blackmail. In 2009, former Yang associate Chu Ke-liang made a successful return to acting after entertainer Yu Tian intervened on Chu's behalf. Yang stated in February 2009 that he would not be "getting in the way" if Chu tried to resume his career. It was later reported that Yang had forgiven 80% of Chu's debt, leaving Chu to pay NT$240 million in total, half of that sum to Yang directly. In 2011, Yang founded Polyface Entertainment Media, a production company, with an estimated investment of $172 million (NT$5 billion). Through Polyface, Yang funded Andrew Lau's 2012 film The Guillotines, released shortly before Yang died of a stroke at Taipei Veterans General Hospital on 31 December 2012, aged 74.
His son is Yang Chung-hsien.
# ISPS Handa Championship in Japan

The ISPS Handa Championship in Japan was a professional golf tournament that was held at PGM Ishioka Golf Club in Omitama, Japan between 2022 and 2023. In 2024, the tournament moved to the Taiheiyo Club in Gotemba (also host of the Mitsui Sumitomo Visa Taiheiyo Masters).

## History

The tournament was created in 2022, originally intended to be a co-sanctioned European Tour and Japan Golf Tour event. It was to be the first ever European Tour sanctioned event to take place in Japan.
However, in February 2022, it was announced that the event would proceed as a sole-sanctioned Japan Golf Tour event due to travel restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is intended that the tournament will return to the European Tour schedule in 2023. Due to the rescheduling, the ISPS Handa Championship in Spain was held the same week as a replacement event on the European Tour's 2022 schedule.
Yuto Katsuragawa won the inaugural event, beating Rikuya Hoshino by one shot.
The 2023 edition returned to the European Tour schedule and was played as a co-sanctioned event alongside the Japan Golf Tour. Lucas Herbert won the tournament, beating Aaron Cockerill in a playoff.
Following the announcement of the 2025 Japan Golf Tour schedule, it was confirmed that the tournament would not return in 2025.

## Winners

| Year | Tours | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| ISPS Handa Championship |||||||
| 2024 | EUR, JPN | Yuto Katsuragawa (2) | 263 | −17 | 3 strokes | Sebastian Söderberg |
| ISPS Handa Championship in Japan |||||||
| 2023 | EUR, JPN | Lucas Herbert | 265 | −15 | Playoff | Aaron Cockerill |
| 2022 | EUR, JPN | Yuto Katsuragawa | 260 | −24 | 1 stroke | Rikuya Hoshino |
# Interosseous muscles of the foot

The interosseous muscles of the foot are muscles found near the metatarsal bones that help to control the toes. They are considered voluntary muscles.
They are generally divided into two sets:
* 4 Dorsal interossei - Abduct the digits away from the 2nd digit (away from axial line) and are bipennate.
* 3 Plantar interossei - Adduct the digits towards the 2nd digit (towards the axial line) and are unipennate.
The axial line goes down the middle of the 2nd digit, towards the sole of the foot (it's an imaginary line).
Both sets of muscles are innervated by the Lateral plantar nerve.
# The Golden Echo

The Golden Echo is the second studio album by New Zealand recording artist Kimbra, released by Warner Bros. Records in the United States on 19 August 2014.

## Background

Kimbra was inspired by Greek mythology for the album and spent time in a small sheep farm in the middle of Los Angeles. Kimbra went to the farm the day after the 2013 Grammys. "I'd been caught up with all the Grammy and Gotye stuff happening, and the touring, the constant affirmation— or praise, or criticism, or self-reflection— everywhere," she said. "You get wrapped up in it. Then here I was chilling with a bunch of sheep. And they don't give a crap who you are. You're not special to them. You spend time with them and there's this beautiful kind of harmony of how everything works in that environment. It was a really great space to create."

## Cover

The cover and all the photographs of The Golden Echo's booklet were shot by Thom Kerr, who also directed the music video for "Miracle".

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 70/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Consequence of Sound | B− |
| Exclaim! | 8/10 |
| Los Angeles Times | |
| Paste | 7/10 |
| Pitchfork | 4.3/10 |
| PopMatters | |
| Rolling Stone Australia | |
| Spin | 7/10 |
The Golden Echo received generally positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the album obtained a normalised score of 70 out of 100, based on reviews from 12 selected mainstream critics.

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Golden Echo

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 5 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 5 |
| US Billboard 200 | 43 |