OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy

Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy (born 1 June 1967) is an Indian politician and a former Member of Legislative Assembly of Munugode of Telangana state, ex. Member of Legislative Council and ex. member of the 15th Lok Sabha. He was former Bharatiya Janata Party leader till Oct 2023. He was former Member of the Legislative Assembly from the village Munugode and is currently member of Indian National Congress.

## Early life

He was born in Brahmana Vellemla village, Narketpally, Nalgonda district to Papi Reddy. He has a bachelor's degree in arts. His elder brother is former minister and former MLA, now member of 17th Lok Sabha from Bhuvanagiri constituency, Komatireddy Venkat Reddy.

## Career

Reddy won from Bhongir constituency in 2009. Reddy is an entrepreneur turned politician. He actively participated in the Telangana agitation by voicing his opinion in the parliament for the separate statehood of Telangana. He lost to Bura Narsaiah Goud for the Bhongir parliamentary constituency in 2014 Parliament elections. He won as a Member of the Legislative Council for the Local bodies constituency of Nalgonda Dist. He resigned from the post of MLC with 3 years of tenure remaining and won as a Member of the Legislative Assembly from Munugode Assembly constituency in the 2018 Assembly elections. He fought for the issues related to his constituency but all in vain as the ruling party TRS wasn't able to fulfil the demands of their constituents thereby leading him to resign from the post of MLA. He joined Bhartiya Janata Party(BJP) on August 21 and contested as a BJP candidate in Munugode Assembly by-election and lost to Kusukuntla Prabhakar Reddy of BRS party. Komatireddy Rajgopal Reddy was appointed as a bjp national executive committee member on 05 July 2023.
# C. Herman Plautz

C. Herman Plautz (October 20, 1844 – 1901) was a German American drug and chemical manufacturer and politician, born in Klein Sabow, Prussia, who served as a member of the City Clerk from 1885 to 1887 and as City Treasurer of Chicago from 1887 to 1889. Prior to entering politics, Plautz was responsible for the foundation of the Chicago Drug and Chemical Company. Plautz died in 1901.
# Anita van Lier

Anita van Lier (married name Beecheno-van Lier; born 19 April 1952) is a Dutch former international cricketer who represented the Dutch national team between 1978 and 1993, including as captain for a number of years.
Van Lier made her debut for the Netherlands in 1978, on a tour of England. Her first international appearances came at the 1983 Centenary Tournament in Utrecht (featuring Denmark and Ireland), by which time she had been appointed captain. In August 1984, van Lier was named captain of the Dutch team for their maiden One Day International (ODI) match, a one-off fixture against New Zealand to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the national federation. She opened the batting with Irene Schoof, scoring 45 runs out of a team total of 117 as the Netherlands lost by 67 runs. At the 1986 Women's Quadrangular in Belfast, which included Denmark, England A, Ireland, and the Netherlands, van Lier was the overall leading run-scorer. She finished with 174 runs from three innings, including 56 against Ireland and 100 not out against Denmark.
Captaining the Netherlands at the 1988 World Cup in Australia, van Lier made 159 runs from eight innings, with a highest score of 46 against Ireland. She was the only Dutchwoman to score more than 100 runs during the tournament. She also bowled the third-highest number of overs for her team, taking three wickets. Van Lier relinquished the captaincy after the World Cup, and did not return to the national line-up until the 1993 World Cup in England, by which time she was 39. However, she had lost none of her form from the previous tournament, finishing as her team's leading wicket-taker and third highest run scorer. Against the West Indies, she took 4/24 from 8.4 overs, helping the Dutch team to its only victory of the tournament.
# Sujoy Parui

Sujoy Parui (born 20 June 1981) is an Indian former cricketer. He played two first-class matches for Bengal in 2000/01.
# Rugelach

Rugelach (/ˈruːɡələx/ ROO-gəl-əkh; Yiddish: ראגעלעך, or Yiddish: רוגעלעך, romanized: rugelekh and Hebrew: רוגלך rōgalaḵ) is a filled baked confection originating in the Jewish communities of Poland. It has become a popular treat among Jews in the diaspora and in Israel.
Traditional rugelach are made in the form of a crescent by rolling a triangle of dough around a filling. Some sources state that the rugelach and the French croissant share a common Viennese ancestor, crescent-shaped pastries commemorating the lifting of the Turkish siege, possibly a reference to the Battle of Vienna in 1683. This appears to be an urban legend however, as both the rugelach and its supposed ancestor, the Kipferl, pre-date the Early Modern era, while the croissant in its modern form did not originate earlier than the 19th century (see viennoiserie). This leads many to believe that the croissant is simply a descendant of one of these two.
An alternative form is constructed much like a strudel or nut roll, but unlike those, the rolled dough and filling are cut into slices before baking.

## Etymology

The name is Yiddish, the historical language of Ashkenazi Jews. The -ach ending (־ך) indicates plural, while the el (־ל) can be a diminutive, as, for example, shtetlekh (שטעטלעך, villages) is the plural of shtetl (שטעטל, village), the diminutive of shtot (שטאָט, town). In this case, the root means something like "twist" so the translation would be "little twists," a reference to the shape of this pastry. In this context, note that rog (ראָג) means "corner" in Yiddish. In Polish, which influenced Yiddish, róg can mean "corner", but can also mean "horn" – both the kind on an animal and the musical instrument. Croissant-shaped pastries, which look like horns, are called rogale in Polish, see rogal świętomarciński. Rogale is almost identical in pronunciation and meaning to the Yiddish word rugelach.
Alternatively, some assert that the root is rugel, meaning "royal", possibly a reference to the taste. This explanation is in conflict with Yiddish usage, where the word keniglich (קעניגליךּ) is the dominant word meaning "royal".

## Ingredients

Rugelach can be made with sour cream or cream cheese doughs, but there are also pareve variants (with no dairy ingredients), so that it can be eaten with or after a meat meal and still be kosher. Cream cheese doughs are the most recent, while yeast leavened and sour cream doughs are much older.
The different fillings can include raisins, walnuts, cinnamon, chocolate, marzipan, poppy seed, or fruit preserves which are rolled up inside. Vanilla-filled rugelach have become popular in New York in recent decades.
In recent years, chefs have introduced savory versions of these pastries, filled with chicken and schmaltz or salmon and boursin cheese.
# Frank M. White

Frank M. White (September 26, 1933 – March 12, 2022) was an American engineer and Professor Emeritus of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering at the University of Rhode Island. He was a professor in the Mechanical Engineering department as well as the Ocean Engineering department – which he helped found in 1966 as the first department of Ocean Engineering in the United States. He was the author of the popular engineering textbook "Fluid Mechanics" (now in its 9th edition) as well as three other textbooks on the topics of fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
White was a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He was editor-in-chief of the ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering from 1979 until in 1991 he became chairman of the ASME Publication Committee and of the Board of Editors. In 1991 he also received the ASME Fluids Engineering Award.
White died in Narragansett, Rhode Island on March 12, 2022, at the age of 88.

## Publications

* Fluid Mechanics (1998–2015)
* Viscous Fluid Flow (1991–2011)
* Heat and Mass Transfer (1988)
* Heat Transfer (1983)
# Permi Jhooti

Permi Jhooti is an English former footballer who played for Chelsea F.C. and Fulham L.F.C. She is the first British South Asian footballer to play professionally in 2000 while playing for Fulham L.F.C.. Jhooti is thought to be the inspiration behind the movie Bend It Like Beckham. Since retiring Permi has emigrated to Switzerland.
# Września children strike

The Września school strike, or Września children strike, refers to the 1901–1904 protests in Września of Polish children and their parents against Germanisation of the schools.

## Background

In all of Greater Poland, which was annexed by Germany during the late-18th-century partitions of Poland, German was the language of instruction in schools from 1873 except in two subjects: religion and music.
In March 1901, the German administration ordered the religion classes to switch to German.

## Strike

In April, a number of students (one source gives the number at 118) in the Catholic People's School in Września (Katolicka Szkoła Ludowa we Wrześni), attended by about 650 pupils, refused to accept new German textbooks and to participate in the class activities. The teachers responded with detention and corporal punishment. Over the coming weeks, the students' parents became increasingly vocal in protesting the punishment of their children. On 20 May, a group of 100 to 200 people were protesting in front of the school until they were dispersed by police, who were called for by the school. The German administration threatened the students of not being allowed to finish school. Adults involved in the protests were put on trial for public disturbance, preventing the officials from carrying out their duties, trespassing, and similar crimes, and 26 people were officially charged, and on 19 November 1901, 20 individuals were sentenced to imprisonment from several weeks to over two years.
Polish activists formed two committees to support families whose members were imprisoned. The German administration soon disbanded the committees and, in turn, charged the activists.
Despite the trials, the protests continued. Some parents moved their children to other schools, and the school officials constructed barracks, where the protesting children were isolated. Use of the Polish language was banned on the school grounds, and police were in charge of enforcing student attendance.
After an amnesty for children was declared in 1903, the number of children still refusing to take the German religion lessons diminished. The last striking children gave up by the summer of 1904.

## Aftermath

The strike gained international attention. In late 1901, the Polish composer Ignacy Paderewski declared that proceeds from his concert in Germany would be given to the Września activists. He was booed and boycotted by German audiences. As a result, he refused to perform in Germany. The cause was taken up by other Polish cultural figures, such as writers Henryk Sienkiewicz and Maria Konopnicka.
The Września strike inspired another large strike of Polish students in 1907.
The issue was documented in what has been described as the oldest Polish film, Prussian Culture, made in 1908 by Mojżesz Towbin. Another movie about the events, Wizja lokalna 1901, was made in 1981 by Filip Bajon.
# Jack Bailey (Georgia politician)

David Jackson (Jack) Bailey (March 11, 1812 – June 14, 1897) was an American politician, lawyer and soldier who served in the United States Congress and fought against the United States in the Confederate Army.

## Early life and career

Bailey was born in Lexington, Georgia, in 1812 and moved to Jackson, Georgia in 1829. After studying law, Bailey was admitted to the bar in 1831 and became a practicing attorney. He was elected to the Georgia General Assembly before he turned the age of twenty-one; however, he was not permitted to serve because of his age. During the Seminole and Creek Wars, Bailey was a company captain.
In 1835 and 1847, Bailey served in the Georgia House of Representatives. He also served in the Georgia Senate in 1838, 1849, and 1850. He was a Democratic county convention delegate in both 1839 and 1850, and the secretary of the Georgia Senate from 1839 to 1841. Bailey was elected to represent Georgia's 3rd congressional district in 1850 as a State Rights Representative to the 32nd United States Congress. He successfully ran for reelection to that seat as Democrat for the 33rd Congress. He lost his reelection campaign in 1854 for the 34th Congress. Bailey's federal service spanned from March 4, 1851, until March 3, 1855.

## Secession and war

Bailey was elected again to the Georgia Senate in 1855 and 1856 and served as president of that body. He returned to practicing law in Jackson was a delegate to The Georgia Secession Convention of 1861—voting in favor of secession and signing Georgia's Ordinance of Secession on January 19, 1861; leading to the American Civil War. During that conflict, Bailey joined the Confederate States Army as a colonel in the 30th Georgia Volunteer Infantry. He moved to Griffin, Georgia, in 1861.

## Postwar

He died in Griffin on June 14, 1897, and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery.
# El Temür

El Temür (Chinese: 燕帖木兒; pinyin: Yān Tiēmù'er; Mongolian:ᠡᠯᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ; died 1333) was an ethnic Kipchak official of the Yuan dynasty. He was behind the coup d'état that installed Tugh Temür (Emperor Wenzong) as Yuan emperor in the capital Khanbaliq in 1328. The restorationists at Khanbaliq won the War of the Two Capitals under the leadership of Tugh Temür and El Temür. After the surrender of Shangdu forces, Tugh Temür abdicated in favour of his brother Kusala (Emperor Mingzong) who was backed by Chagatai Khan Eljigidey and announced Khanbaliq's intent to welcome him. However, Kusala suddenly died only four days after a banquet with Tugh Temür, supposedly killed with poison by El Temür, who purged pro-Kusala officials and brought power to warlords, whose despotic rule marked the decline of the Yuan dynasty.
His daughter, Danashiri, married Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong) and bore him a son but he died when he was a child. El Temür also had a son, Tanggici, who was also an officer.
El Temür became ill and died in 1333 and his children Danashiri and Tanggici were subsequently murdered by former co-conspirator Bayan in 1335.
El Temür was the grandson of Yuan general Tutuha (土土哈 1237–1297).

## In popular culture

* Portrayed by Jeon Gook-hwan in 2013–2014 MBC TV series Empress Ki.

## Descendants of Qurusman

* Qurusman（忽魯速蠻/hūlŭsùmán）
** Baltučaq（班都察/bāndōuchá）
*** Tudγaγ [mn; zh; ja]（土土哈/Tŭtŭhā; توتقاق/Tūtqāq）
**** Taγačar（塔察兒/tǎcháér）
**** Tai buqa（太不花/Tàibùhuā）
**** Čong'ur [mn; zh; ja]（牀兀兒/Chuángwùér; جونكقور/Jūnkqūr）
***** Sevinču buqa（小雲失不花/Xiǎoyúnshī bùhuā）
***** Elči buqa（燕赤不花/yànchì bùhuā）
***** El temür（燕帖木兒/Yàntiēmùér）
****** Tangkiš [zh]（唐其勢/Tángqíshì）
****** Taraqai（塔剌海/Tǎlàhǎi）
****** Današiri（答納失里/Dānàshīlǐ）
***** Sadun（撒敦/Sādūn）
***** El tuqar（燕禿哈兒/Yàn tūhāér）
***** Dari（答里/Dálǐ）
***** Bübeqan（潑皮罕/Pōpíhǎn）
**** Berke buqa（別里不花/Biélǐ bùhuā）
**** Temür buqa（帖木兒不花/Tiēmùér bùhuā）
**** Qarči（歓差/huānchā）
**** Yoliγ temür（岳里帖木兒/Yuèlǐ tiēmùér）
**** Dalgurban（断古魯班/Duàngŭlŭbān）
# Fort de Caluire

Fort de Caluire (French pronunciation:) was an old fortification situated in Caluire-et-Cuire. Now demolished, it was part of the first belt of forts protecting Lyon.

## History

Built in 1831, it was connected to the Fort de Montessuy by a long chamber, from which it defended the approaches to the Croix-Rousse along the road from the Dombes.
Placed on the slope of the Saône it defended the river, along with Fort de Loyasse, Fort Duchère and Fort Saint-Jean. It was square, with a bastion at each corner.
In the 1860s a mushroom farm operated in the underground enclosure connecting the two forts, with the old bastions repurposed into underground grow-rooms. T

## Today

The fort was demolished in 1933 to make way for the construction of the current Henri Cochet stadium. A few clues remain as to its location such as the present street known as the montée (rise or climb) des Forts; the entrance to fort de Caluire was at the current intersection of montée des Forts and avenue Paul Doumer.
* Wagon from the mushroom farm
* Street sign
* Traces of the fort
* Fort ruins
# Madonna and Child with the Infant John the Baptist (Correggio, Chicago)

The Madonna and Child with the Infant John the Baptist is a 1513–1514 painting by the Italian artist Correggio.
It was painted by a young Correggio in the city of Parma, remote from the immediate influences of traditional Renaissance art, although aspects of its style are reminiscent of Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci and the burgeoning Dutch masters.
Correggio's use of sfumato and chiaroscuro creates softness in the features of the Virgin, Christ Child, and Infant St. John the Baptiste– reminiscent of the stylization of Leonardesque pieces– and representing an emotional response between the figures.
After passing through a number of hands it was bought by Messrs Wildenstein for the Art Institute of Chicago in 1965. Although stolen shortly afterwards, it was soon recovered and still hangs there.
# Jephtas Gelübde

Jephtas Gelübde (The vow of Jephthah) was the first opera composed by Giacomo Meyerbeer. The libretto, which is elaborated from the biblical story of Jephthah, was by Aloys Schreiber [de]. The first performance was at the Hoftheater (Cuvilliés Theatre) in Munich on 23 December 1812. Two manuscripts of the score survive, one in the British Library, London, the other in Brussels.

## Composition history

Meyerbeer wrote Jephtas Gelübde while he was studying with Abt Vogler (and while he was still known as Jakob, rather than the first name Giacomo which he was to adopt after his studies in Italy). He completed the score in Würzburg in April 1812, writing the overture last of all. During his revision of the score in June and July, Meyerbeer had already begun writing his second opera, Wirth und Gast. The score reflects Vogler's interest in colourful orchestration.
Rehearsals began for the opera in November 1812, with which Meyerbeer was not satisfied. "Deliberate and accidental hindrances of every sort intruded, and even on 20 December I was not certain whether the opera would be given in the 23rd. Anxiety, annoyance and vexation of every sort bothered me in these six weeks." In the event there were three performances, and the opera was fairly successful with many numbers applauded, although the composer thought that Lanius, as Jephta, "played very mediocrely".

## Roles

Roles, voice types, and premiere cast :
| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 1812 Conductor: Giacomo Meyerbeer |
| Jephta | | Christian Lanius |
| Sulima, (Jephta's daughter) | soprano | Helena Harlas |
| Asmaweth (Sulima's lover) | tenor | Georg Weixelbaum |
| Tirza (Sulima's servant) | | Josephine Flerx |
| Abdon | | Georg Mittermayr |
| High Priest | | Herr Schwadke |
| Choruses of Levites, of prisoners and of warriors |||

## Recordings

* Jephtas Gelübde - Sönke Tams Freier, Andrea Chudak, Ziazan, Marcus Elsäßer, Laurence Kalaidjian, Sofia Philharmonic Orchestra, Dario Salvi. 2 CDs Marco Polo 2023
# John Long (North Carolina politician)

John Long (February 26, 1785 – August 11, 1857) was a North Carolina politician who served four terms (1821–1829) in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Long also served one term (1811–12) in the North Carolina House of Commons and one term (1814–15) in the North Carolina Senate.
John Long was born in Loudoun County, Virginia on February 26, 1785. He married Sabra Shepard Ramsey on May 6, 1807, in Cumberland County, North Carolina. Long died on August 11, 1857.
# Yudoma-Maya Highlands

The Yudoma-Maya Highlands (Russian: Юдомо-Майское нагорье, romanized: Yudomo-Maiskoye Nagorye; Yakut: Юдома-Маайа хаптал хайалаах сиринэн, romanized: Yudoma-Mâya xaptal xayalâx sirinen) are a mountainous area in the Sakha Republic and Khabarovsk Krai, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia.
The settlement of Allakh-Yun is located in the area of the highlands on the right bank of the Allakh-Yun River.

## History

The area of the Yudoma-Maya and the Aldan highlands, between the basins of the Aldan River and the Yudoma, was uncharted territory well until the 1930s. It was first surveyed in 1934 by geologist Yuri Bilibin (1901—1952) together with mining engineer Evgeny Bobin (1897—1941) in the course of an expedition sent by the government of the USSR. Bilibin and Bobin made a thorough topographic survey of the mountainous regions leading separate research parties. They described the highlands as "a disordered jumble of round hills with soft outlines".

## Geography

The Yudoma-Maya Highlands lie at the southern end of the Sakha Republic and the western limits of Khabarovsk Krai. They are named after the upper basin of the Maya River, a tributary of the Aldan, and the Yudoma, one of the biggest tributaries of the Maya, The highland area is bound to the west by the Skalisty Range and the Sette-Daban subranges of the Verkhoyansk Range, and to the north by the Suntar-Khayata Range. The highlands reach the valley of the Okhota River to the east, and to the south they are limited by the northern end of the Dzhugdzhur Range. The average heights range between 800 metres (2,600 ft) and 1,200 metres (3,900 ft), the heights increasing towards the south.
The highest point is 2,213 meters (7,260 ft) high Shpil Tarbagannakh (Шпиль-Тарбаганнах).

### Subranges and peaks
#### Northern section

* Kutelsky Range, highest point 1,637 metres (5,371 ft)
* Uemlyakhskі Goltsi, 2,132 metres (6,995 ft) (Уемляхські Гольцы)
* Tarbaganakhskі Goltsi, 2,167 metres (7,110 ft) (Тарбаганахські Гольцы)

#### Southern section

* Chelat Range, highest point 1,510 metres (4,950 ft)
* Upper Maya Massif, highest point 1,563 metres (5,128 ft)
* Maya Massif, highest point 1,364 metres (4,475 ft)

## Climate

The highlands have a harsh continental climate. January temperatures range from −34 °C (−29 °F) to −43 °C (−45 °F). The coldest temperatures recorded reach between −58 °C (−72 °F) and −62 °C (−80 °F). In summer the average July temperature in the valleys does not exceed 18 °C (64 °F). Precipitation is between 250 millimeters (9.8 in) and 800 millimeters (31 in) per year. Most of the yearly precipitation falls in the second half of summer in the form of rain.

## Flora

Large swathes of the highlands are covered by taiga up to elevations between 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) and 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). The areas adjacent to the valleys are covered with larch and pine forests, especially in the southern region. Above 500 metres (1,600 ft) there is spruce and birch taiga up to a height of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). In the northern parts of the highlands there are thickets of dwarf cedar and mountain tundra above 1,200 metres (3,900 ft).
# Valentyna Salamakha

Valentyna Salamakha (Ukrainian: Валентина Саламаха born 23 April 1986) is a Ukrainian born Azerbaijani former professional handball goalkeeper who last played for Neckarsulmer SU in the Bundesliga.

## Career

Arriving from Bayer Leverkusen, Salamakha signed a two-year contract with Siófok KC in 2015. Just after a season the Azerbaijani international moved back to Germany, signing to SG BBM Bietigheim.
# Drew Christie

Drew Christie (born 1984) is an American animator and filmmaker. His animations have been featured in The Criterion Collection, The New York Times, Sundance TV and Vanity Fair. In 2007 he won The Seattle Times/Seattle International Film Festival's 3 Minute Masterpiece competition with ‘How to Bring Democracy to the Fish.’ In 2012 he was shortlisted for the Stranger Genius Awards for Song of the Spindle in the film category, which he won in 2014. In 2010 he received the Spotlight Award from Seattle Magazine. He contributed animation to the documentary film Nuts! and co-created the animated series Drawn & Recorded for Spotify with music producer T Bone Burnett. He resides on Whidbey Island, Washington.