OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 567

This is a list of all theUnited States Supreme Courtcases from volume 567 of theUnited States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Elgin v. Dept. of Treasury | 567 U.S. 1 | 2012 |
| Parker v. Matthews | 567 U.S. 37 | 2012 |
| Williams v. Illinois | 567 U.S. 50 | 2012 |
| Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp. | 567 U.S. 142 | 2012 |
| Salazar v. Ramah Navajo Chapter | 567 U.S. 182 | 2012 |
| Pottawatomi Indians v. Patchak | 567 U.S. 209 | 2012 |
| FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. | 567 U.S. 239 | 2012 |
| Dorsey v. United States | 567 U.S. 260 | 2012 |
| Knox v. Serv. Employees | 567 U.S. 298 | 2012 |
| S. Union Co. v. United States | 567 U.S. 343 | 2012 |
| Arizona v. United States | 567 U.S. 387 | 2012 |
| Miller v. Alabama | 567 U.S. 460 | 2012 |
| Am. Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock | 567 U.S. 516 | 2012 |
| Nat'l Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius | 567 U.S. 519 | 2012 |
| United States v. Alvarez | 567 U.S. 709 | 2012 |
| First Am. Fin. Corp. v. Edwards | 567 U.S. 756 | 2012 |
| Tennant v. Jefferson Cnty. Comm’n | 567 U.S. 758 | 2012 |
| Maryland v. King | 567 U.S. 1301 | 2012 |
# Minimum wage in Kazakhstan

Minimum wage in Kazakhstan is set by a law that established the nationwide minimum wage. According to Kazakh sources, minimum wage in Kazakhstan in 2010 was 14592 tenge (about $38 USD) per month. After that it increased to 21364 tenge (about US$55) in 2015. The minimum Wage in Kazakhstan increased to 42500 KZT per month in 2019 to 70000 KZT per month in 2023 and to 85000 KZT in 2024
# Edith Cadivec

Edith Cadivec (27 November 1879, in Sveti Martin, Buzet, Croatia – 1952) was an Austrian teacher, erotic novelist and notorious sex criminal of Slovenian descent.

## Conviction

Cadivec was arrested, tried, and convicted in 1924 on the charge of sexually abusing eight underage girls under her care, including her own daughter. After a three-day trial, in the Viennese Court, she was sentenced to six years in jail but was set free in December 1925 after showing signs of mental instability.
When arrested, she was found in possession of a large collection of birches, whips, canes, and erotic pictures. One of the whips had a silver knob with the engraving, Dominatrix. Also revealed were compromising letters to a painter in Innsbruck which enlarged on her interests in erotic sadism. The testimony of the trial indicates that Cadivec not only flogged the children under her care, but also indulged in sex acts with them and invited paying guests to watch.

## Books

She wrote two books on her experiences, entitled Confessions and Experiences and Eros, the Meaning of My Life (published together 1930–1). Both books sold well and were translated into many languages. In them, the author portrays herself as unable to control the sexual thrill she obtained, when flogging the minors under her charge in the name of discipline, and being a victim of her own lust—though outside observers have been less charitable about her motives.
# Cross (1987 film)

Cross is a French crime film written and directed by Philippe Setbon.

## Synopsis

The divorced cop Eli Cantor once brought a man named Simon Leenhardt behind bars. Leenhardt has sworn revenge to Cantor. He escapes from an insane asylum for criminals and breaks into the house where Cantor's family lives. With a team of psychopaths he takes everybody in the house as hostage. Eli feels he can't risk to ask for official help. He plans to tackle the situation discretely. Unfortunately his best friend in the police force refuses to help him. So Eli looks out for another potential partner. He comes across the adventurer Thomas Crosky who engages in illegal fights just for kicks. Together they sneak into the house. Meanwhile Leenhardt tries to make friends with Cantor's family but his manic accomplices get more and more out of control.

## Cast

* Michel Sardou: Thomas Crosky ("Cross")
* Roland Giraud: Eli Cantor
* Patrick Bauchau: Simon Leenhardt
* Marie-Anne Chazel: Catherine Crosky
* Maxime Leroux: Sandro
* Stéphane Jobert: Jacques Kester
* Gérard Zalcberg: Georges 'Rudi' Rudicek
* Arnold Boiseau: Farrel
* Philippe Polet: Caïn
* Jean Barney: Inspecteur
* Loïc Bitout: Claire's fiancé
* Louba Guertchikoff: Diane
# Han Xuejian

Han Xuejian (Chinese: 韩学键; born November 1961) is a former Chinese politician who spent most of his career in Northeast China's Heilongjiang province. He was investigated by the Chinese Communist Party's anti-graft agency in December 2014. Previously he served as the Communist Party Secretary of Daqing, and a Standing Committee of CCP Heilongjiang Provincial Committee.
Han was a member of the 11th National People's Congress.
Chinese media reported that he had close relations with Wang Yongchun, who is the former Vice-President of PetroChina.

## Biography

Han was born and raised in Lanxi County, Heilongjiang. After the Cultural Revolution, he entered Mudanjiang Commercial College (now Heilongjiang College of Commerce), in October 1978, majoring in commercial economy, where he graduated in August 1980. After college, he was assigned to the Department of Commerce of Heilongjiang province in its accounting department. At the same time, he studied at Liaoning College of Finance and Economics (currently Dongbei University of Finance and Economics).
He entered the workforce in August 1980, and joined the Chinese Communist Party in December 1985. He began rising through the ranks in the provincial commerce department. In November 1987 he was named head of the Reform Office of the department of commerce. In March 1997, he served in a brief stint as the Deputy Communist Party Secretary and Secretary of Politics and Law Committee of Huanan County, a position he held until November 1997.
In November 1997, he was transferred to Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang province, and served as deputy director of the Trade Department of Heilongjiang province.
He served as Vice-Mayor of Qiqihar from October 2002 to February 2004, and Deputy Communist Party Secretary, from February 2004 to October 2004.
In October 2004 he became the Mayor and Deputy Communist Party Secretary of Daqing, a city famous for its oil rigs, and then rising to Communist Party Secretary, the top political position in the city, in February 2008.
On December 22, 2014, state media reported that he would undergo investigation by the Party's internal disciplinary body for "serious violations of laws and regulations". On December 25, 2014, he was removed from office. The internal investigation concluded that Han took bribes and abused his power, and "did not retreat from his actions even after the 18th Party Congress." He was expelled from the Communist Party on April 30, 2015.
On November 16, 2016, Han was sentenced to 12 years and 6 months in prison for bribery.
# Percy Martin (artist)

Percy Martin is an American artist and teacher. Martin has lived in Washington, D.C. since 1947 and has taught several generations of Washington area art students, including the University of Maryland, the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design and finally at the Sidwell Friends School, where he taught from 1979 to 2009.

## Education

Martin studied art and graduated from the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design.

## Artwork

For over three decades, Martin has been working on a series of highly technical prints which detail the life, culture and history of an imaginary Bushmen people born out of Martin's imagination.
   Scenes from the Bushworld play out in Martin's mind as sharply as a movie. The most mundane objects can send him into a cross-dimensional corkscrew. While vacationing in the Ukraine in 1995, for instance, he picked up a smooth, oval stone on a river bank and immediately fell into a quasi-hallucination wherein angry Bushwomen were trying to crack a sacred bird's stone egg with a crystal egg to become High Priestess. "If I could've gotten a jet helicopter, I would've left that second," says Martin.
His work is in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum, The Washington Post, the City of Washington, DC, and the University of Maryland, and has been exhibited widely in galleries, museums, universities, and arts organization such as the Washington Project for the Arts.

## Awards

Martin was awarded a Ford Foundation Fellowship in 1966, and nine years later, in 1975 he was also awarded a National Endowment for the Arts Artist-in-Residence award.
# Cruise Into Terror

Cruise Into Terror is a 1978 American made-for-television horror film directed by Bruce Kessler. The film originally premiered February 3, 1978 on ABC. The all-star supporting cast features (in alphabetical order) Dirk Benedict, Frank Converse, John Forsythe, Christopher George, Lynda Day George, Lee Meriwether, Ray Milland, Hugh O'Brian, Stella Stevens, Roger E. Mosley, and Marshall Thompson.

## Plot

A commercial pleasure ship, cruising near the Gulf of Mexico, brings aboard a sunken Egyptian sarcophagus which contains the son of Satan.

## Cast

* Dirk Benedict as Simon Mclane
* Frank Converse as Matt Lazarus
* John Forsythe as Reverend Charles Mather
* Christopher George as Neal Barry
* Lynda Day George as Sandra Barry
* Jo Ann Harris as Judy Haines
* Lee Meriwether as Lil Mather
* Ray Milland as Dr. Isiah Bakkun
* Hugh O'Brian as Captain Andrews
* Stella Stevens as Marilyn Magnesun
* Roger E. Mosley as Nathan
* Marshall Thompson as Bennett
# Peter MacDonald (computer programmer)

Peter MacDonald is a Canadian software engineer, best known as the creator of Softlanding Linux System (SLS), widely regarded as the first complete Linux distribution. Some of his work served as a foundation of Wine. He also created the Tcl web browser BrowseX, and the PDQI suite of Tcl utilities.
Current projects include Jsish, an embeddable javascript interpreter with builtin type-checking.

## Biography

Peter Charles MacDonald was born in Victoria, British Columbia on June 28, 1957. He graduated from the Computer Science program of the University of Victoria with a BSc (1989) and MSc (1996, master's thesis: Decomposing the Linux Kernel into Dynamically Loadable Modules).

## Softlanding Linux System

MacDonald co-developed early features of the Linux kernel in the early 1990s, including shared libraries, pseudo terminals, the select call and virtual consoles. He announced Softlanding Linux System (SLS), the first standalone Linux install, for testing in August 1992 (on 15 floppy disks), and for general release in October 1992 (recommending at least 10 MB of disk space).
SLS became popular, but also drew criticism. MacDonald was criticized for trying to make money on free software, but defended by Linus Torvalds. Two of the early Linux distributions were made specifically in reaction to SLS, Ian Murdock's Debian to compensate for SLS's bugs, and Patrick Volkerding's Slackware to include installer patches which weren't added to SLS, and which MacDonald wouldn't allow Volkerding to distribute independently.

## Other software

The initial 1993 Wine Windows compatibility layer was based on Tcl/Tk windowing functions MacDonald wrote (though later rewritten as direct Xlib calls).
MacDonald founded BrowseX Systems in 1999, and put out version 1.0 of BrowseX, an open source Tcl-based cross-platform web browser, meant to be smaller and faster than Netscape. The last update of BrowseX was in 2003; the company was renamed to PDQ Interfaces Inc., and put out a set of various TCL based utilities.
Jsish: a javascript interpreter with builtin sqlite, json, websocket, and zvfs support.
# Delfast

Delfast is a US-headquartered Ukrainian electric bicycle manufacturer.

## History

Delfast has been operating in Ukraine since 2014 as a bicycle couriers service for online orders in Kyiv. It aimed to provide an eco-friendly service but wanted more than the quality and performance of electric bicycles available on the market. It had to develop an e-bike of its own. In 2017, the company launched the production with $150,000 in crowdfunding raised on Kickstarter.
Due to surprisingly high demand for its e-bikes, Delfast turned a side-project into a business. By 2019, the company had developed several successful electric bicycles and got up to 20,000 pre-orders. Delfast closely cooperated with the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute on R&D. In April 2020, it received a European Bank for Reconstruction and Development “Climate Innovation Vouchers” grant, which allowed it to certify the e-bikes for the EU market. The company established a US office in Los Angeles, transferred the manufacturing from China to Ukraine, and raised $3.4 million in funding for its R&D center in Ukraine
Most of the Delfast e-bikes are purchased in the US, EU, Canada, Mexico. The company also produces e-bikes for delivery companies, such as Glovo. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, modified Delfast e-bikes were widely used by the Ukrainian military as stealthy NLAW carriers in raids on Russian armored vehicles.

## Products

Delfast's first model Delfast Partner was developed specifically for bike couriers with 100 km battery life and some professional features. The company's second model, Delfast Prime, won the Guinness Book of World Records for the greatest distance traveled on an electric motorbike on a single charge (370 km). Delfast Top and Delfast Offroad are the consumer models in fatbike form factor. Modified Delfast Top e-bikes were supplied to police departments in Mexico and the US. In 2020, the company introduced Delfast Trike, a 3-wheel freight e-bike developed under the USAID grant for the Nova Poshta.
In November 2021, Delfast re-imagined an iconic Dnepr motorcycle as an e-bike. The 2022 Delfast Top 3.0 model, introduced at CES won Forbes' fastest e-bike of the year. Later in 2022, Delfast started an Indiegogo campaign for its new daily commute Delfast California bike, which featured a 750W motor, a U-shaped frame, and a companion app.
# T. J. Thorburn

Thomas James Thorburn (1858 - 16 January 1923), best known as T. J. Thorburn was a British Doctor of Divinity and writer.

## Biography

Thorburn was born in Derby. He was married to Emily Jane. They had two children, Charles and Evelyn.
He gained a B.A. degree in the Natural Science Tripos in 1879 at Christ's College, Cambridge, and was second master at Chesterfield Grammar School from 1882 to 1885. He was then Senior Science Master at Sheffield Grammar School, before his appointment as Headmaster of Caistor School. In 1897 he was appointed headmaster of Odiham Grammar School, Hampshire. He was later the headmaster of Hastings Grammar School.
Thorburn was a firm believer in the historicity of Jesus and an opponent of the Christ myth theory. Though a theological conservative and defender of the canonical history as traditionally presented, Thorburn did dissent from common evangelical bibliology.
In his book The Mythical Interpretation of the Gospels (1916) he combated the ideas of mythicists Arthur Drews, J. M. Robertson and William Benjamin Smith. It was entered into a competition and Thorburn won a prize of $6,000 from the Bross Foundation.

## Publications

* A Critical Examination of the Evidences for the Doctrine of the Virgin Birth (1908)
* The Resurrection Narratives and Modern Criticism (1910)
* Jesus the Christ: Historical or Mythical? A Reply to Professor Drews' Die Christusmythe (1912)
* The Mythical Interpretation of the Gospels: Critical Studies in the Historic Narratives (1916)
# Blies

The Blies (French pronunciation:; German pronunciation: ) is a right tributary of the Saar in southwestern Germany (Saarland) and northeastern France (Moselle). The Blies flows from three springs in the Hunsrück near Selbach, Germany. It is roughly 100 km long, ending in the French city of Sarreguemines. It flows through Sankt Wendel, Ottweiler, Neunkirchen, Bexbach, Homburg and Blieskastel (Blieskastel being named after the river). Its lower extent demarcates part of the Franco–German border. The section within France and on the French-German border is 19.7 km (12.2 mi) long.

## Tributaries

Tributaries of the Blies are, from source to mouth:
* Todbach (left)
* Oster (left)
* Mutterbach (right)
* Erbach (left)
* Lambsbach (left)
* Schwarzbach (left)
* Würzbach (right)
* Hetschenbach (left)
* Gailbach (left)
* Mandelbach (right)

## World War II

Fighting took place on the Blies during the Lorraine Campaign, fought from September to December 1944 by the Third United States Army, famously led by George S. Patton. The 35th Infantry Division fought along the Blies following its battle at Sarreguemines in early December, the former part of the larger assault on the West Wall.
# Red Mountain (Costilla County, Colorado)

Red Mountain, elevation 13,914 ft (4,241 m), is a summit in the Culebra Range of south central Colorado. The peak is on private land 15 mi (24 km) southeast of San Luis.

## Historical names

* Espinazo Rojo – 1972
* Red Mountain – 1972
# Cupid Forecloses

Cupid Forecloses is a 1919 American silent comedy film starring Bessie Love and Wallace MacDonald. It was directed by David Smith and produced by Vitagraph Studios. It was based on the popular novel Hurrying Fate and Geraldine by Florence Morse Kingsley. The film has been preserved at the British Film Institute and American Film Institute.

## Plot

Geraldine Farleigh (Love), a timid village schoolteacher, supports her family and must pay off her late father's debt to Bruce Cartwright. She falls in love with the man she believes is a lawyer representing Cartwright (MacDonald), who turns out to be Cartwright himself.

## Cast

* Bessie Love as Geraldine Farleigh
* Dorothea Wolbert as Mrs. Farleigh
* Wallace MacDonald as Bruce Cartwright
* Frank Hayes as Oliver Brown
* Jim Donnelly as Jim Connors
* Aggie Herring as Mrs. Connors
* Jake Abram as Rufe Tinker
* Anne Schaefer as Aunt Adelaide
* Gordon Griffith as Nat Farleigh
* Otto Lederer as The Postmaster
# Thury-en-Valois

Thury-en-Valois (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Thury in Valois') is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Ylenia Carrisi

Ylenia Maria Sole Carrisi (born November 29, 1970 – missing since January 6, 1994) was the eldest daughter of Italian singers and actors Albano Carrisi and Romina Power. She disappeared under mysterious circumstances while visiting New Orleans, Louisiana, in January 1994. Carrisi, upon her father's request, was declared presumed dead in December 2014.

## Family

Ylenia was born in Rome on November 29, 1970, the eldest daughter of Albano Carrisi and Romina Power. Her maternal grandparents are American actor Tyrone Power and Mexican actress Linda Christian.

## Life

In 1983, she appeared with her parents in the film Champagne in paradiso. Later on, she was a letter-turner on the Italian version of Wheel of Fortune. She planned to become a novelist, and studied literature at King's College London, where she received the highest marks in her year.

## Disappearance

During her studies, she began to entertain the idea of travelling the world solo with nothing but a backpack and her journal. She decided to take a break from studying and returned to Italy, where she sold all her belongings in order to pay for the voyage. She began in South America. After having spent a few months in Belize, she decided to leave the day after Christmas 1993 by bus to New Orleans, Louisiana. Her brother Yari, also an experienced traveler, had decided to surprise his sister by visiting her that Christmas. He arrived on a rainy December 27 in the village of Hopkins, going door-to-door searching for her, only to discover that the previous day she had boarded a bus to New Orleans.
Carrisi was last seen in the French Quarter area of New Orleans, around January 6. Police efforts to find her did not yield any result. At the time of her disappearance, she was staying in the LeDale Hotel with Alexander Masakela, a street musician twenty years her senior. Masakela was arrested on January 31 on an unrelated charge but eventually released for lack of evidence to connect him to Carrisi's disappearance.
In relation to her disappearance, a security guard testified that he saw a woman vaguely matching her description jump into the Mississippi River saying the words "I belong in water". A Coast Guard search turned up no sign of the young woman's body, which may have been washed out to sea. In any case, it has never been established that the person was Carrisi. In 1996, two years after her disappearance, an unidentified caller claimed that Carrisi was still alive but her whereabouts were unknown.
Carrisi's parents last heard from their daughter on New Year's Eve 1993. They reported her missing on January 18, 1994. Her mother believes that she is still alive. In November 2006, her father Albano stated for the first time that he believed in the security guard's story about the Mississippi river jump. In January 2013, Albano filed a request for an official declaration of the death of his daughter.
In June 2008, the German weekly Freizeit Revue reported that Ylenia was living in a convent in Arizona, the US state where her mother owns a home. Her father dismissed the report as "shameful speculation containing not a bit of truth".
# Christopher Drexler

Christopher Drexler (born 15 March 1971) is an Austrian politician. A member of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), he served as the governor of Styria from 2022 until 2024.
# Sofia University Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology

The Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology (SUMPHG) (Bulgarian: Музей по палеонтология и исторична геология към Софийския университет "Свети Климент Охридски"), is a paleontology museum located in the main building of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria.

## History

The museum is within the main building of Sofia University, designed by Jean Bréasson, re-designed by Yordan Milanov, and later by Ljuben Konstantinov. Its collections are primarily intended for research and are, thus, not accessible to the public. A limited number of fossils from the collection is on display in the SUMPHG, and is one of the primary localities for storing fossils collected in Bulgaria. The original fossils, around which the current collection has grown, were those gathered by the first Bulgarian state geologist Georgi Zlatarski (1854 - 1909) and those purchased from Dr. A. Krantz. Later specimens collected by doctoral students and as part of the Bulgarian geological surveys were added.

## Faculty

Many notable Bulgarian paleontologists have worked at SUMPHG, including Peter Bakalov, Vassil Tzankov, Ivan Nikolov, Natalia Dimitrova, Milka Entcheva, Emilia Kojumdjieva, Nonka Motekova, Stoycho Breskovski, Angel Pamouktchiev et al.

## Public access

Admission is free to the museum for all visitors. The museum is open 10 am - 12 am, 1 pm - 4 pm Monday to Friday. It is closed on Saturdays and Sundays. SUMPHG is an important venue for widening interest in paleontology, evolutionary biology and Earth sciences.
The museum logo is based on the Deinotherium skeleton displayed by the entrance.

## Gallery

* Deinotherium thraceiensis (Kovachev, 1964), Miocene, Ezerovo, Plovdiv District - The Entrance hall of the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology
* Parapuzosia daubreei (de Grossouvre, 1894), Santonian, Shumen in the Main Hall of the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology
* Samples of the Krantz paleontological collection of the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology

### Exhibits of geologic eras and periods

* The Neogene period
* The Paleogene period
* The Upper Cretaceous series/epoch - SUMPHG
* The Lower Cretaceous series/epoch - SUMPHG
* The Jurassic period - SUMPHG
* The Triassic period - SUMPHG
* The Paleozoic era - SUMPHG