# Glossary of landforms

Landforms are categorized by characteristic physical attributes such as their creating process, shape, elevation, slope, orientation, rock exposure, and soil type.

## Landforms by process

Landforms organized by the processes that create them.

### Aeolian landforms

Aeolian landform – Landforms produced by action of the winds include:
* Dry lake – Area that contained a standing surface water body
* Sandhill – Type of ecological community or xeric wildfire-maintained ecosystem
* Ventifact – Rock that has been eroded by wind-driven sand or ice crystals
* Yardang – Streamlined aeolian landform

### Coastal and oceanic landforms

Coastal and oceanic landforms include:
* Abyssal fan – Underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition
* Abyssal plain – Flat area on the deep ocean floor
* Archipelago – Collection of islands
* Atoll – Ring-shaped coral reef
* Arch – Arch-shaped natural rock formation
* Ayre – Shingle beaches in Orkney and Shetland
* Barrier bar – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surfacePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Barrier island – Coastal dune landform that forms by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast
* Bay – Recessed, coastal body of water connected to an ocean or lake
* Baymouth bar – low and narrow strip of alluvial land made from sand or pebblesPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Beach – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
* Raised beach – Emergent coastal landform
* Beach cusps – Shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern
* Beach ridge – Wave-swept or wave-deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline
* Bight – Shallowly concave bend or curve in a coastline, river, or other geographical feature
* Blowhole – Hole at the top of a sea-cave which allows waves to force water or spray out of the hole
* Channel – Narrow body of water
* Cape – Large headland extending into a body of water, usually the sea
* Calanque – Narrow inlet on the Mediterranean coast
* Cliff – Tall, near vertical rock face
* Coast – Area where land meets the sea or ocean
* Continental shelf – Coastal and oceanic landform
* Coral reef – Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
* Cove – Small sheltered bay or coastal inlet
* Cuspate foreland – Geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores
* Dune system – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water
* Estuary – Partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water
* Firth – Scottish word used for various coastal inlets and straits
* Fjard – Glacially formed, broad, shallow inlet
* Fjord – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
* Geo – Inlet, a gully or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff
* Gulf – Large inlet from the ocean into the landmass
** List of gulfs
* Headland – Landform extending into a body of water, often with significant height and drop
* Inlet – Indentation of a shoreline
* Island – Piece of subcontinental land completely surrounded by water
* Islet – Very small island
* Isthmus – Narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
* Lagoon – Shallow body of water separated from a larger one by a narrow landform
* Machair – Fertile low-lying grassy plain
* Marine terrace – Emergent coastal landform
* Mid-ocean ridge – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
* Oceanic basin – Geologic basin under the sea
* Oceanic plateau – Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
* Oceanic ridge – An underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
* Oceanic trench – Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
* Peninsula – Landform surrounded more than half but not entirely by water
* Ria – Coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley
* River delta – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river
* Salt marsh – Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
* Sea cave – Cave formed by the wave action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines
* Seamount – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
* Seamount chains – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surfacePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Shoal – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
* Shore – Area where land meets the sea or oceanPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Sound – A long, relatively wide body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water
* Spit – Coastal bar or beach landform deposited by longshore drift
* Strait – Naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water
* Strandflat – Type of landform found in high-latitude areas
* Stack – Geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock, and stump
* Submarine canyon – Steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope
* Surge channel – Type of coastal landform
* Tessellated pavement – Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by fractures
* Tidal marsh – Marsh subject to tidal change in water
* Tide pool – Rocky pool on a seashore, separated from the sea at low tide, filled with seawater
* Tombolo – Deposition landform in which an island is connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus
* Volcanic arc – Chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate
* Wave-cut platform – Narrow flat area created by erosion

### Cryogenic landforms

* Blockfield – a surface covered by angular rocks, a landform result of periglaciationPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Cryoplanation terrace – Formation of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments
* Earth hummocks – Small knoll or mound above groundPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Kurum – Mantle of loose rocks moving by creeping on gentle slopes.
* Lithalsa – Frost-induced raised land form in permafrost areas
* Nivation hollow – Geomorphic processes associated with snow patches
* Palsa – A low, often oval, frost heave occurring in polar and subpolar climates
* Permafrost plateau – A low, often oval, frost heave occurring in polar and subpolar climates
* Pingo – Mound of earth-covered ice
* Rock glacier – Glacial landform
* Solifluction lobes and sheets – Freeze-thaw mass wasting slope processesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Thermokarst – Irregular land surface of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed when permafrost thaws

### Erosion landforms

Landforms produced by erosion and weathering usually occur in rocky or fluvial environments, and many also appear under those headings.
* Arête – Narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys
* Badlands – Type of heavily eroded terrain
* Bornhardt – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock
* Butte – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
* Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs
* Cave – Natural void under the Earth's surface
* Cirque – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion
* Cliff – Tall, near vertical rock face
* Chink, regional term in Central Asia for steep chalk and limestone escarpments and cliffs of height up to 350m, often around flat-top elevations
* Cryoplanation terrace – Formation of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments
* Cuesta – Hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other
* Dissected plateau – Plateaus area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp
* Erg – Broad area of desert covered with wind-swept sand
* Etchplain – Plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering
* Exhumed river channel – Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away
* Fjord – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
* Flared slope – Rock-wall with a smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone
* Flatiron – Steeply sloping triangular landform
* Gulch – Deep V-shaped valley formed by erosion
* Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
* Hogback – Long, narrow ridge
* Hoodoo – Tall, thin spire of relatively soft rock usually topped by harder rock
* Homoclinal ridge – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
* Inselberg, also known as Monadnock – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
* Inverted relief – Landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features
* Lavaka – Type of gully, formed via groundwater sapping
* Limestone pavement – Natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone
* Mesa – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes
* Mushroom rock – Naturally occurring rock whose shape resembles a mushroom
* Natural arch – Arch-shaped natural rock formation
* Paleoplain - A buried erosion plain; a particularly large and flat erosion surface
* Pediment – Very gently sloping inclined bedrock surface
* Pediplain – Extensive plain formed by the coalescence of pediments
* Peneplain – Low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion
* Planation surface – Large-scale land surface that is almost flat
* Potrero – Long mesa that at one end slopes upward to higher terrain
* Ridge – Long, narrow, elevated landform
* Rôche moutonnée – Rock formation created by the passing of a glacierPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* List of rock formations
* Strike ridge – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
* Structural bench – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
* Structural terrace – A step-like landform
* Tepui – Table-top mountain or mesa in the Guiana Highlands of South America
* Tessellated pavement – Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by fractures
* Truncated spur – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
* Tor – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit
* Valley – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
* Wave-cut platform – Narrow flat area created by erosion
* Wind gap – Topographic gap made by a former waterway

### Fluvial landforms

Fluvial – Sediment processes associated with rivers and streamsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets landforms include:
* Ait – Islands found on the River Thames and its tributaries in England
* Alluvial fan – Fan-shaped deposit of sediment
* Anabranch – A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main channel and rejoins it downstream.
* Arroyo – Dry watercourse with flow after rain
* Asymmetric valley – Valley that has steeper slopes on one side
* Backswamp – Environment on a floodplain where deposits settle after a flood
* Bajada – compound Alluvial fanPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Bar – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
* Bayou – Body of water in flat, low-lying areas
* Bench – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
* Braided channel – Network of river channels
* Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs
* Cave – Natural void under the Earth's surface
* Cliff – Tall, near vertical rock face
* Cut bank – Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion
* Crevasse splay – Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees
* Confluence – Meeting of two or more bodies of flowing water
* Drainage basin – Land area where water converges to a common outlet
* Drainage divide – Elevated terrain that separates neighbouring drainage basins
* Endorheic basin – Closed drainage basin that has no outflow
* Entrenched meander – One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured streamPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Epigenetic valley – Valley created by erosion and with little or no sympathy for bedrock structure
* Esker – Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers
* Exhumed river channel – Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away
* Floodplain – Land adjacent to a water body which is flooded during periods of high water
* Fluvial island – Exposed landmass within a river
* Fluvial terrace – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys
* Gorge – Deep chasm between cliffs
* Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
* Levee – Ridge or wall to hold back water
* Marsh – Low-lying and seasonally waterlogged land
* Meander – One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream
* Misfit stream – River too large or too small to have eroded the valley or cave passage in which it flows
* Narrows – Restricted land or water passage
* Oxbow lake – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander
* Point bar – Landform related to streams and rivers
* Plunge pool – Depression at the base of a waterfall
* Pothole – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed
* Rapids – River section with increased velocity and turbulence
* Riffle – Shallow landform in a flowing channel
* River – Natural flowing freshwater stream
* River delta – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river
* River island – Exposed landmass within a river
* Rock-cut basin – Cylindrical depression cut into stream or river beds
* Shut-in – Type of rock formation found in Ozarks streams
* Thalweg – Line of lowest elevation in a watercourse or valley
* Towhead – Exposed landmass within a river
* Shoal – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
* Spring – A point at which water emenges from an aquifer to the surface
* Strath – Large valley
* Stream – Body of surface water flowing down a channel
* Stream pool – Deep and slow-moving stretch of a watercourse
* Swamp – A forested wetland
* Valley – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
* Vale – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
* Wadi – River valley, especially a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain
* Waterfall – A point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop
* Watershed – Land area where water converges to a common outlet
* Yazoo stream – Hydrologic term
* V-shaped valley – Low area between hills, often with a river running through itPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

### Impact landforms

Landforms created by extraterrestrial impacts – Collision of two astronomical objects – include:
* Central peak – Large impact craters with uplifted centresPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Complex crater – Large impact craters with uplifted centres
* Cratered landscape
* Ejecta blanket – Symmetrical apron of ejecta that surrounds an impact crater
* Impact crater – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object
* Impact crater lake – Lake formed within an impact crater
* Simple crater – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller objectPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

### Lacustrine landforms

Lacustrine – associated with lakes – landforms include:
* Beach – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
* Raised beach – Emergent coastal landform
* Carolina bay – Elliptical depressions concentrated along the Atlantic seaboard of North AmericaPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Dry lake – Area that contained a standing surface water body
* Chott – Dry lake in the Saharan area of Africa
* Endorheic basin – Closed drainage basin that has no outflow
* Lacustrine plain – Lakes filled by sediment
* Lacustrine terraces – A step-like landform
* Lake – Large inland body of relatively still water
* Oasis – Fertile area in a desert environment
* Oxbow lake – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander
* Parallel Roads of Glen Roy – Nature reserve in the Highlands of Scotland with ancient shoreline terraces
* Pond – Relatively small body of standing water
* Proglacial lake – Lake formed by the action of ice
* Salt pan, also known as salt flat – Flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals

### Mountain and glacial landforms

Mountain and glacial landform – Landform created by the action of glaciers – include:
* Arête – Narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys formed by glacial movement
* Cirque – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion
* Col – Lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks
* Crevasse – A deep crack, or fracture, in an ice sheet or glacier
* Corrie – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion or cwm
* Cove (mountain) – Small valley in the Appalachian Mountains between two ridge lines
* Dirt cone – Depositional glacial feature of ice or snow with an insulating layer of dirt
* Drumlin – Elongated hill formed by glacial action and drumlin field – Elongated hill formed by glacial actionPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Esker – Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers
* Fjord – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
* Fluvial terrace – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys
* Flyggberg – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
* Glacier – Persistent body of ice that moves downhill under its own weight
* Glacier cave – Cave formed within the ice of a glacier
* Glacier foreland – The region between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of latest maximum
* Hanging valley – A tributary valley that meets the main valley above the valley floor
* Highland – Area of high elevation such as a mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau
* Hill – Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain
* Inselberg, also known as monadnock – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
* Kame – Mound formed on a retreating glacier and deposited on land
* Kame delta – Glacial melt water landform
* Kettle – Depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters
* Moraine – Glacially formed accumulation of debris
** Rogen moraine, also known as Ribbed moraines – Landform of ridges deposited by a glacier or ice sheet transverse to ice flow
* Moulin – Shaft within a glacier or ice sheet which water enters from the surface
* Mountain – Large natural elevation of the Earth's surface
* Mountain pass – Route through a mountain range or over a ridge
* Mountain range – Geographic area containing several geologically related mountains
* Nunatak – Landform within an ice field or glacier
* Proglacial lake – Lake formed by the action of ice
* Pyramidal peak, also known as Glacial horn – Angular, sharply pointed mountainous peak
* Outwash fan – Type of sediment deposition by a melting glacier
* Outwash plain – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater
* Rift valley – Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault
* Rôche moutonnée – Rock formation created by the passing of a glacierPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Sandur – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater
* Side valley – Valley with a tributary to a larger river
* Summit – Point on a surface with a higher elevation than all immediately adjacent points
* Trim line – Clear line on the side of a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier
* Truncated spur – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
* Tunnel valley – Glacial-formed geographic feature
* Valley – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
* U-shaped valley – Valleys formed by glacial scouring

### Slope landforms

Slope landforms include:
* Bluff – Tall, near vertical rock face
* Butte – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
* Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs
* Cliff – Tall, near vertical rock face
* Col – Lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks
* Cuesta – Hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other
* Dale – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
* Defile – Narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills
* Dell – Small secluded hollow
* Doab, also known as Interfluve – Land between two converging, or confluent, rivers, mainly in the Punjab
* Draw – Terrain feature formed by two parallel ridges or spurs with low ground in between
* Escarpment, also known as scarp – Steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level regions
* Flat (landform) – Relatively level surface of land within a region of greater relief
* Glen – Name for valley commonly used in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man
* Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
* Hill – Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain
* Hillock, also known as Knoll – Small hill
* Mesa – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes
* Mountain pass – Route through a mountain range or over a ridge
* Plain – Expanse of land that is mostly flat and treeless
* Plateau – Highland area, usually of relatively flat terrain
* Ravine – Small valley, often due to stream erosion
* Ridge – Long, narrow, elevated landform
* Rock shelter – Shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff
* Saddle – Land connecting two high points
* Scree – Broken rock fragments at base of cliff
* Solifluction lobes and sheets – Freeze-thaw mass wasting slope processesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Strath – Large valley
* Summit – Point on a surface with a higher elevation than all immediately adjacent points
* Terrace – A step-like landform
* Terracette – Small natural step-arranged soil ridges on hillsides
* Vale – Low area between hills, often with a river running through itPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Valley – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
* Valley shoulder – Low area between hills, often with a river running through itPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

### Tectonic landforms

Landforms created by tectonic activity include:
* Asymmetric valley – Valley that has steeper slopes on one side
* Dome – Geological deformation structure
* Faceted spur – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
* Fault scarp – Small vertical offset on the ground surface
* Graben – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults
* Horst – Raised fault block bounded by normal faults
* Mid-ocean ridge – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
* Mud volcano – Landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases
* Oceanic trench – Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
* Pull-apart basin – Type of basin in geology
* Rift valley – Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault
* Sand boil – Cone formed by the ejection of sand on a surface from a central point

### Volcanic landforms

Volcanic landforms include:
* Caldera – Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
* Cinder cone – Steep hill of pyroclastic fragments around a volcanic vent
* Complex volcano – Landform of more than one related volcanic centre
* Cryptodome – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
* Cryovolcano – Type of volcano that erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia or methane, instead of molten rock
* Diatreme – Volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion
* Dike – A sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
* Fissure vent – Linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts
* Geyser – Natural explosive eruption of hot water
* Guyot – Isolated, flat-topped underwater volcano mountain
* Hornito – Conical structures built up by lava ejected through an opening in the crust of a lava flow
* Kīpuka – Area of land surrounded by one or more younger lava flows
* Lava – Molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption
* Lava dome – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
* Lava coulee – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
* Lava field, also known as lava plain – Large, mostly flat area of lava flows
* Lava lake – Molten lava contained in a volcanic crater
* Lava spine – Vertical growth of solid volcanic lava
* Lava tube – Natural conduit through which lava flows beneath the solid surface
* Maar – Low-relief volcanic crater
* Malpais – Rough and barren landscape of relict and largely uneroded lava fields
* Mamelon – Rock formation created by eruption of relatively thick or stiff lava through a narrow vent
* Mid-ocean ridge – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
* Pit crater – Depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber
* Pyroclastic shield – Shield volcano formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions
* Resurgent dome – Volcanic landform
* Rootless cone, also known as pseudocrater – Volcanic landform
* Seamount – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
* Shield volcano – Low-profile volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows
* Stratovolcano – Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
* Somma volcano – Volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone
* Spatter cone – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
* Volcanic crater lake – Lake formed within a volcanic crater
* Subglacial mound – Volcano formed when lava erupts beneath a thick glacier or ice sheet
* Submarine volcano – Underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt
* Supervolcano – Volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8
* Tuff cone – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
* Tuya – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet
* Volcanic vent – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Volcanic cone – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
* Volcanic crater – Roughly circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity
* Volcanic dam – Natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism
* Volcanic field – Area of Earth's crust prone to localized volcanic activity
* Volcanic group – Collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms
* Volcanic island – Island of volcanic origin
* Volcanic plateau – Plateau produced by volcanic activity
* Volcanic plug – Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano
* Volcano – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes

### Weathering landforms

Weathering landforms include:
* Bornhardt – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock
* Etchplain – Plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering
* Flared slope – Rock-wall with a smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone
* Flute – in geology, process of differential weathering and erosion that produces a corrugated surface of ridges or flutesPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Honeycomb weathering – Form of cavernous weathering and subcategory of tafoni
* Inselberg – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
* Karst – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks
* Nubbin – Small hill of bedrock with rounded residual blocks
* Panhole – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock (Weathering pit)
* Tafoni – Small to large indentations in vertical to steeply sloping granular rock
* Tor – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit

## Landforms by shape
### Positive landforms

* Bornhardt – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock
* Cinder cone – Steep hill of pyroclastic fragments around a volcanic vent
* Cryptodome – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lavaPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Dome – Geological deformation structure
* Drumlin – Elongated hill formed by glacial action
* Granite dome – Rounded hills of bare granite formed by exfoliation
* Hillock – Small hill
* Inselberg – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
* Lava dome – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
* Lava spine – Vertical growth of solid volcanic lava
* Mesa – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes
* Mogote – Steep-sided residual hill of limestone, marble, or dolomite on a flat plain
* Nubbin – Small hill of bedrock with rounded residual blocks
* Palsa – A low, often oval, frost heave occurring in polar and subpolar climates
* Pingo – Mound of earth-covered ice
* Pyroclastic shield – Shield volcano formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions
* Resurgent dome – Volcanic landform
* Seamount – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
* Shield volcano – Low-profile volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows
* Stratocone – Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephraPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Stratovolcano – Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
* Tor – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit
* Tower karst
* Tuya – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet
* Volcanic cone – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
* Volcanic island – Island of volcanic origin

### Depressions

* Caldera – Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
* Cave – Natural void under the Earth's surface
* Cenote – Natural pit or sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath
* Cirque – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion
* Crevasse – A deep crack, or fracture, in an ice sheet or glacier
* Deflation hollow – Depressions in a sand dune ecosystem caused by the removal of sediments by windPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Doline – Geologically-formed topological depression
* Gnamma – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rockPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Graben – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults
* Honeycomb weathering – Form of cavernous weathering and subcategory of tafoni
* Impact crater – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object
* Joint valley – Landscape originates from the erosion of joints in the bedrock, leaving out small plateaus or ridges in between. Common in Fennoscandia.Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Kettle – Depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters
* Lagoon – Shallow body of water separated from a larger one by a narrow landform
* Lake – Large inland body of relatively still water
* Lava lake – Molten lava contained in a volcanic crater
* Maar – Low-relief volcanic crater
* Nivation hollow – Geomorphic processes associated with snow patches
* Oxbow lake – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander
* Panhole – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock
* Pothole – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed
* Plunge pool – Depression at the base of a waterfall
* Pond – Relatively small body of standing water
* Pull-apart basin – Type of basin in geology
* Quarry – A place from which a geological material has been excavated from the ground
* Rift – Part of a volcano where a set of linear cracks form
* Sea cave – Cave formed by the wave action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines
* Sinkhole – Geologically-formed topological depression
* Sor – closed, drainless depressionPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Tafoni – Small to large indentations in vertical to steeply sloping granular rock
* Thermokarst – Irregular land surface of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed when permafrost thaws
* Volcanic crater – Roughly circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity
* Volcanic dam – Natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism

### Flat landforms

* Abyssal fan – Underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition
* Abyssal plain – Flat area on the deep ocean floor
* Bench – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
* Butte – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
* Coastal plain – Area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast
* Continental shelf – Coastal and oceanic landform
* Cryoplanation terrace – Formation of plains, terraces and pediments in periglacial environments
* Dissected plateau – Plateaus area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp
* Etchplain – Plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable subsurface weathering
* Floodplain – Land adjacent to a water body which is flooded during periods of high water
* Fluvial terrace – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys
* Inselberg plain – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
* Lacustrine terrace – A step-like landform
* Lava field, also known as lava plain – Large, mostly flat area of lava flows
* Oceanic basin – Geologic basin under the sea
* Oceanic plateau – Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
* Outwash fan – Type of sediment deposition by a melting glacier
* Outwash plain – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater
* Paleoplain - A buried erosion plain; a particularly large and flat erosion surface
* Pediplain – Extensive plain formed by the coalescence of pediments
* Peneplain – Low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion
* Plain – Expanse of land that is mostly flat and treeless
* Planation surface – Large-scale land surface that is almost flat
* Plateau – Highland area, usually of relatively flat terrain
* Polje – Type of large plain found in karst regions
* Raised beach, also known as Marine terrace – Emergent coastal landform
* River delta – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river
* Salt marsh – Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
* Salt pan – Flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals
* Sandur – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater
* Strandflat – Type of landform found in high-latitude areas
* Strath – Large valley
* Swamp – A forested wetland
* Table – Raised landform with a flat topPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Tidal marsh – Marsh subject to tidal change in water
* Tepui – Table-top mountain or mesa in the Guiana Highlands of South America
* Volcanic plateau – Plateau produced by volcanic activity
* Wave-cut platform – Narrow flat area created by erosion

## Landforms, alphabetic

* Abîme – Geographical term referring to vertical shaft in caves
* Abyssal fan – Underwater geological structures associated with large-scale sediment deposition
* Abyssal plain – Flat area on the deep ocean floor
* Ait – Islands found on the River Thames and its tributaries in England
* Alluvial fan – Fan-shaped deposit of sediment
* Anabranch – A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main channel and rejoins it downstream.
* Arch – Arch-shaped natural rock formation
* Archipelago – Collection of islands
* Arête – Narrow ridge of rock which separates two valleys
* Arroyo – Dry watercourse with flow after rain
* Atoll – Ring-shaped coral reef
* Ayre – Shingle beaches in Orkney and Shetland
* Badlands – Type of heavily eroded terrain
* Bajada – compound Alluvial fanPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Bar – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
* Barchan – Crescent-shaped dune
* Barrier bar – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
* Barrier island – Coastal dune landform that forms by wave and tidal action parallel to the mainland coast
* Bay – Recessed, coastal body of water connected to an ocean or lake
* Baymouth bar – low and narrow strip of alluvial land made from sand or pebblesPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
* Bayou – Body of water in flat, low-lying areas
* Beach – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
* Beach cusps – Shoreline formations made up of various grades of sediment in an arc pattern
* Beach ridge – Wave-swept or wave-deposited ridge running parallel to a shoreline
* Bench – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
* Bight – Shallowly concave bend or curve in a coastline, river, or other geographical feature
* Blowhole – Hole at the top of a sea-cave which allows waves to force water or spray out of the hole
* Blowout – Depressions in a sand dune ecosystem caused by the removal of sediments by wind
* Bluff – Tall, near vertical rock face
* Bornhardt – A large dome-shaped, steep-sided, bald rock
* Braided channel – Network of river channels
* Butte – Isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
* Calanque – Narrow inlet on the Mediterranean coast
* Caldera – Cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the emptying of a magma chamber
* Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs
* Cape – Large headland extending into a body of water, usually the sea
* Carolina bay – Elliptical depressions concentrated along the Atlantic seaboard of North AmericaPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Cave – Natural void under the Earth's surface
* Cenote – Natural pit or sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath
* Channel – Narrow body of water
* Cirque – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion
* Corrie – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion or cwm
* Cliff – Tall, near vertical rock face
* Coast – Area where land meets the sea or ocean
* Coastal plain – Area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast
* Col – Lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks
* Complex crater – Large impact craters with uplifted centres
* Complex volcano – Landform of more than one related volcanic centre
* Confluence – Meeting of two or more bodies of flowing water
* Continental shelf – Coastal and oceanic landform
* Coral reef – Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
* Cove – Small sheltered bay or coastal inlet
* Cove (mountain) – Small valley in the Appalachian Mountains between two ridge lines
* Crater – Depression caused by an impact or geologic activity
* Crevasse splay – Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees
* Crevasse – A deep crack, or fracture, in an ice sheet or glacier
* Cryovolcano – Type of volcano that erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia or methane, instead of molten rock
* Cuesta – Hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other
* Cuspate foreland – Geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores
* Cut bank – Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion
* Dale – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
* Defile – Narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills
* Dell – Small secluded hollow
* Depression – Landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area
* Delta, River – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river
* Desert pavement – Type of desert earth surface
* Diatreme – Volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion
* Dike – A sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body
* Dirt cone – Depositional glacial feature of ice or snow with an insulating layer of dirt
* Dissected plateau – Plateaus area that has been severely eroded so that the relief is sharp
* Doab – Land between two converging, or confluent, rivers, mainly in the Punjab
* Doline – Geologically-formed topological depression
* Dome – Geological deformation structure
* Drainage basin – Land area where water converges to a common outlet
* Drainage divide – Elevated terrain that separates neighbouring drainage basins
* Draw – Terrain feature formed by two parallel ridges or spurs with low ground in between
* Drumlin – Elongated hill formed by glacial action
* Dry lake – Area that contained a standing surface water body
* Dune – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water
* Dune system – Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water
* Ejecta blanket – Symmetrical apron of ejecta that surrounds an impact crater
* Endorheic basin – Closed drainage basin that has no outflow
* Erg – Broad area of desert covered with wind-swept sand
* Escarpment – Steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level regions (scarp)
* Esker – Long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers
* Estuary – Partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water
* Exhumed river channel – Ridge of sandstone that remains when the softer flood plain mudstone is eroded away
* Faceted spur – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
* Fault scarp – Small vertical offset on the ground surface
* Firth – Scottish word used for various coastal inlets and straits
* Fissure vent – Linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts
* Fjard – Glacially formed, broad, shallow inlet
* Fjord – Long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity
* Flat – Relatively level surface of land within a region of greater relief
* Flatiron – Steeply sloping triangular landform
* Floodplain – Land adjacent to a water body which is flooded during periods of high water
* Foothills – Hills before a mountain range
* Fluvial island – Exposed landmass within a river
* Fluvial terrace – Elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and river valleys
* Foiba – Type of deep natural sinkhole
* Geo – Inlet, a gully or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff
* Geyser – Natural explosive eruption of hot water
* Glacial horn – Angular, sharply pointed mountainous peak
* Glacier cave – Cave formed within the ice of a glacier
* Glacier foreland – The region between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of latest maximum
* Glacier – Persistent body of ice that moves downhill under its own weight
* Parallel Roads of Glen Roy – Nature reserve in the Highlands of Scotland with ancient shoreline terraces
* Glen – Name for valley commonly used in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man
* Gorge – Deep chasm between cliffs
* Graben – Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults
* Gulch – Deep V-shaped valley formed by erosion
* Gulf
* Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil
* Guyot – Isolated, flat-topped underwater volcano mountain
* Hanging valley – A tributary valley that meets the main valley above the valley floor
* Headland – Landform extending into a body of water, often with significant height and drop
* Highland – Area of high elevation such as a mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau
* Hill – Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain
* Hillock – Small hill
* Hogback – Long, narrow ridge
* Homoclinal ridge – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
* Hoodoo – Tall, thin spire of relatively soft rock usually topped by harder rock
* Horst – Raised fault block bounded by normal faults
* Impact crater – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object
* Inlet – Indentation of a shoreline
* Interfluve – Land between two converging, or confluent, rivers, mainly in the Punjab
* Inverted relief – Landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features
* Island – Piece of subcontinental land completely surrounded by water
* Islet – Very small island
* Isthmus – Narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
* Kame delta – Glacial melt water landform
* Kame – Mound formed on a retreating glacier and deposited on land
* Karst – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks
* Karst fenster – Unroofed portion of a cavern which reveals part of a subterranean riverPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Karst valley – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks
* Kettle – Depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters
* Kīpuka – Area of land surrounded by one or more younger lava flows
* Knoll – Small hill
* Lacustrine plain – Lakes filled by sediment
* Lagoon – Shallow body of water separated from a larger one by a narrow landform
* Lake – Large inland body of relatively still water
* Lava dome – Roughly circular protrusion from slowly extruded viscous volcanic lava
* Lava – Molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption
* Lava lake – Molten lava contained in a volcanic crater
* Lava field, also known as lava plain – Large, mostly flat area of lava flows
* Lava spine – Vertical growth of solid volcanic lava
* Lava tube – Natural conduit through which lava flows beneath the solid surface
* Lavaka – Type of gully, formed via groundwater sapping
* Levee – Ridge or wall to hold back water, natural
* Limestone pavement – Natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone
* Loess – Sediment of accumulated wind-blown dust
* Lacustrine terraces – A step-like landform
* Maar – Low-relief volcanic crater
* Machair – Fertile low-lying grassy plain
* Malpaís – Rough and barren landscape of relict and largely uneroded lava fields
* Mamelon – Rock formation created by eruption of relatively thick or stiff lava through a narrow vent
* Marine terrace – Emergent coastal landform
* Marsh – Low-lying and seasonally waterlogged land
* Massif – The principal mass of a mountain
* Meander – One of a series of curves in a channel of a matured stream
* Mesa – Elevated area of land with a flat top and sides, usually much wider than buttes
* Mid-ocean ridge – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
* Mogote – Steep-sided residual hill of limestone, marble, or dolomite on a flat plain
* Monadnock – Isolated, steep rock hill on relatively flat terrain
* Moraine – Glacially formed accumulation of debris
* Moulin – Shaft within a glacier or ice sheet which water enters from the surface
* Mountain – Large natural elevation of the Earth's surface
* Mountain pass – Route through a mountain range or over a ridge
* Mountain range – Geographic area containing several geologically related mountains
* Mud volcano – Landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases
* Mushroom rock – Naturally occurring rock whose shape resembles a mushroom
* Natural arch – Arch-shaped natural rock formation
* Nunatak – Landform within an ice field or glacier
* Oasis – Fertile area in a desert environment
* Oceanic basin – Geologic basin under the sea
* Oceanic plateau – Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
* Oceanic ridge – An underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
* Oceanic trench – Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
* Outwash fan – Type of sediment deposition by a melting glacier
* Outwash plain – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater
* Oxbow lake – U-shaped lake or pool left by an ancient river meander
* Paleoplain - A buried erosion plain; a particularly large and flat erosion surface
* Panhole – Depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping cohesive rock
* Pediment – Very gently sloping inclined bedrock surface
* Pediplain – Extensive plain formed by the coalescence of pediments
* Peneplain – Low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion
* Peninsula – Landform surrounded more than half but not entirely by water
* Pingo – Mound of earth-covered ice
* Pit crater – Depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber
* Plain – Expanse of land that is mostly flat and treeless
* Plateau – Highland area, usually of relatively flat terrain
* Playa lake – Area that contained a standing surface water bodyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Plunge pool – Depression at the base of a waterfall
* Point bar – Landform related to streams and rivers
* Polje – Type of large plain found in karst regions
* Pond – Relatively small body of standing water
* Pothole – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed
* Potrero – Long mesa that at one end slopes upward to higher terrain
* Proglacial lake – Lake formed by the action of ice
* Pseudocrater – Volcanic landformPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Pull-apart basin – Type of basin in geology
* Quarry – A place from which a geological material has been excavated from the ground
* Raised beach – Emergent coastal landform
* Rapids – River section with increased velocity and turbulence
* Ravine – Small valley, often due to stream erosion
* Ria – Coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley
* Ridge – Long, narrow, elevated landform
* Riffle – Shallow landform in a flowing channel
* Rift valley – Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault
* River – Natural flowing freshwater stream
* River delta – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river
* River island – Exposed landmass within a river
* Rôche moutonnée – Rock formation created by the passing of a glacierPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Rogen moraine – Landform of ridges deposited by a glacier or ice sheet transverse to ice flow
* Rock formations
* Rock shelter – Shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff
* Rock-cut basin – Cylindrical depression cut into stream or river beds
* Saddle – Land connecting two high points
* Salt marsh – Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
* Salt pan – Flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals (salt flat)
* Sand boil, also known as sand volcano – Cone formed by the ejection of sand on a surface from a central point
* Sandhill – Type of ecological community or xeric wildfire-maintained ecosystem
* Sandur – Plain formed from glacier sediment transported by meltwater
* Scowle – Type of landscape feature
* Scree – Broken rock fragments at base of cliff
* Sea cave – Cave formed by the wave action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines
* Seamount – Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface
* Shield volcano – Low-profile volcano usually formed almost entirely of fluid lava flows
* Shoal – Natural submerged sandbank that rises from a body of water to near the surface
* Shore – Area where land meets the sea or oceanPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Shut-in – Type of rock formation found in Ozarks streams
* Side valley – Valley with a tributary to a larger river
* Sinkhole – Geologically-formed topological depression
* Sound – A long, relatively wide body of water, connecting two larger bodies of water
* Spit – Coastal bar or beach landform deposited by longshore drift
* Spring – A point at which water emenges from an aquifer to the surface
* Stack – Geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock and stump
* Strait – Naturally formed, narrow, typically navigable waterway that connects two larger bodies of water
* Strandflat – Type of landform found in high-latitude areas
* Strath – Large valley
* Stratovolcano – Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
* Stream pool – Deep and slow-moving stretch of a watercourse
* Stream – Body of surface water flowing down a channel
* Strike ridge – Ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope
* Structural bench – Long, relatively narrow land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below
* Structural terrace – A step-like landform
* Subglacial mound – Volcano formed when lava erupts beneath a thick glacier or ice sheet
* Submarine canyon – Steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope
* Submarine volcano – Underwater vents or fissures in the Earth's surface from which magma can erupt
* Summit – Point on a surface with a higher elevation than all immediately adjacent points
* Supervolcano – Volcano that has had an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 8
* Surge channel – Type of coastal landform
* Swamp – A forested wetland
* Tepui – Table-top mountain or mesa in the Guiana Highlands of South America
* Terrace – A step-like landform
* Terracette – Small natural step-arranged soil ridges on hillsides
* Tessellated pavement – Relatively flat rock surface that is subdivided into more or less regular shapes by fractures
* Thalweg – Line of lowest elevation in a watercourse or valley
* Tidal marsh – Marsh subject to tidal change in water
* Tide pool – Rocky pool on a seashore, separated from the sea at low tide, filled with seawater
* Tombolo – Deposition landform in which an island is connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus
* Tor – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit
* Tower karst – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks
* Towhead – Exposed landmass within a river
* Trim line – Clear line on the side of a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier
* Truncated spur – Ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short
* Tunnel valley – Glacial-formed geographic feature
* Turlough – Type of seasonal or periodic lake found in limestone areas of Ireland
* Tuya – Flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet
* U-shaped valley – Valleys formed by glacial scouring
* Uvala – Toponym for a closed karst depression
* Vale – Low area between hills, often with a river running through itPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Valley – Low area between hills, often with a river running through it
* Valley shoulder – Low area between hills, often with a river running through itPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Ventifact – Rock that has been eroded by wind-driven sand or ice crystals
* Volcanic arc – Chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate
* Volcanic cone – Landform of ejecta from a volcanic vent piled up in a conical shape
* Volcanic crater – Roughly circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity
* Volcanic crater lake – Lake formed within a volcanic crater
* Volcanic dam – Natural dam produced directly or indirectly by volcanism
* Volcanic field – Area of Earth's crust prone to localized volcanic activity
* Volcanic group – Collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms
* Volcanic island – Island of volcanic originPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Volcanic plateau – Plateau produced by volcanic activity
* Volcanic plug – Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano
* Volcanic vent – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Volcano – Rupture in a planet's crust where material escapes
* Wadi – River valley, especially a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain
* Waterfall – A point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop
* Watershed – Land area where water converges to a common outlet
* Wave-cut platform – Narrow flat area created by erosion
* Wetland – Type of land area that is flooded or saturated with water
* Yardang – Streamlined aeolian landform