OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jam tin grenade

The double cylinder, Nos. 8 and No. 9 hand grenades, also known as the "jam tins", are a type of improvised explosive device used by the British and Commonwealth forces, notably the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) in World War I. The jam tin, or bully beef tin, was one of many grenades designed by ANZACs in the early part of the First World War in response to a lack of equipment suited to trench warfare.
The grenade was an inner can of explosive with an outer can of metal fragments or bearing balls. The heavier pattern No. 9 grenade contained more high explosive and more metal fragments.
The fuse was ignited by a friction device or a cigarette.
Initially when demand for grenades was at its greatest, engineers were encouraged to improvise their own grenades from the tins containing the soldier's ration of jam, hence the name. Incidents with the improvised form and the supply of superior grenades led to official withdrawal of the design.
Jam tin grenades were used as booby traps by ANZACs, by rigging it to a pressure trigger and leaving it under a body or other heavy object to keep it unarmed until it was disturbed.
During the Siege of Kut in Mesopotamia (December 1915–April 1916), the Royal Engineers in General Townshend's force improvised jam pot mortar shells to be used with improvised mortars devised from the cylinders of a Gnome 80 hp (60 kW) rotary engine (credit to Capt. R.E. Stace, RE). The engine came from a Martinsyde S.1 scout plane, likely damaged or otherwise unable to evacuate.
# Kolomak

Kolomak (Ukrainian: Коломак, Russian: Коломак) is a rural settlement in Bohodukhiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kolomak settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,619 (2022 estimate).
Kolomak is located between Poltava and Kharkiv, on both banks of the Kolomak River, a major left tributary of the Vorskla in the drainage basin of the Dnieper. Kolomak is an old Cossack town of the Sloboda Ukraine where Hetman Ivan Mazepa signed a treaty with Russia.

## History

It was a village in Valky uyezd of Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.
During World War II it was under German occupation from October 1941 to September 1943.
In January 1989 the population was 4628 people. In January 2013 the population was 3844 people.
Until 18 July 2020, Kolomak was the administrative center of Kolomak Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Kolomak Raion was merged into Bohodukhiv Raion.
Until 26 January 2024, Kolomak was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Kolomak became a rural settlement.

## Economy
### Transportation

The Highway M03, connecting Kyiv and Kharkiv via Poltava, runs about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of Kolonak, and the settlement has an easy access to it. There are local roads as well.
Kolomak railway station, on the Southern railway line connecting Kharkiv and Poltava, is not located in Kolomak but in Shelestove, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the settlement. There is a freight dead-end railway line to Kolomak from Vodiana railway station, on the same line connecting Kharkiv and Poltava.

## People from Kolomak

* Pavlo Pokhytaylo (born 1995), Ukrainian footballer
# Brecht Dejaegere

Brecht Emiel Dejaegere (born 29 May 1991) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Kortrijk.

## Club career

Starting his career with Kortrijk, Dejaegere moved to Gent in 2013, helping them to the 2014-15 Belgian Pro League title, and a subsequent last-16 run in the UEFA Champions League.
A move to Toulouse FC saw Dejaegere quickly appointed captain, helping them to the Ligue 2 title in 2022, claiming a landmark French Cup success the following year.
After playing in the MLS in 2024 for Charlotte FC, Dejaegere returned to Kortrijk on a two-year contract in August 2024.

## Honours

Gent
* Belgian Pro League: 2014–15
* Belgian Super Cup: 2015
Toulouse
* Ligue 2: 2021–22
* Coupe de France: 2022–23
# Gabe Hudson

Gabriel George Hudson (September 12, 1971 — November 23, 2023) was an American writer. His novel Gork, the Teenage Dragon was released by Knopf on July 11, 2017. Hudson's first book of fiction, Dear Mr. President (Knopf, 2002), has been translated into seven languages, was a PEN/Hemingway Award finalist, and received the Alfred Hodder Fellowship from Princeton University, and the Sue Kaufman Prize for First Fiction from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

## Life

Hudson served as a rifleman in the Marine Corps Reserve, and held a Master of Fine Arts from Brown University, where he received the top graduate creative writing award, The John Hawkes Prize in Fiction.
Hudson died in Massachusetts on November 23, 2023 from complications of diabetes and kidney disease.

## Work

Hudson's story collection Dear Mr. President was chosen as one of the Ten Best Books of the Year by GQ, as well as a Best Book of the Year by The St. Louis Post-Dispatch and The Village Voice, and a New & Noteworthy Paperback by The New York Times. It is considered to be "the first significant piece of Gulf-war fiction" according to Esquire.
Previously Hudson was Chair of the Creative Writing Program at Yonsei University's Underwood International College. Before Yonsei University, he taught in the Creative Writing Program at Princeton University from 2004-2007.

## Publications

Hudson's writing has appeared in The New Yorker, The Village Voice, McSweeney's, BlackBook, Granta, Columbia: A Journal of Literature and Art, the International Herald Tribune, and The New York Times Magazine.
Hudson was a contributing writer for HBO's book, "Six Feet Under: Better Living Through Death" (2004). He was an editor-at-large for McSweeney's.
In 2007, he was selected as one of the "Twenty Best Young American Novelists" by Granta Magazine.
# Jaciska

Jaciska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Panki, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Panki, 17 km (11 mi) west of Kłobuck, and 72 km (45 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Herlincourt

Herlincourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 35 km (22 mi) west of Arras, 5 km (3 mi) south of Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise.
# Mahadanapuram

Mahadhanapuram is a village in Krishnarayapuram Block in Karur district of Tamil Nadu State, India. It is located 28 KM towards East from District head quarters Karur. 2 KM from Krishnarayapuram. 370 KM from State capital Chennai.
Mahadhanapuram Pin code is 639106 and postal head office is Mahadhanapuram .
Krishnarayapuram ( 3 KM ), Chinthalavadi ( 4 KM ), Kallapalli ( 5 KM ), Karuppathur ( 6 KM ), Thirukkampuliyur ( 6 KM ) are the nearby Villages to Mahadhanapuram.

## Festival

Mahalakshmi Temple is a popular shrine dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi at Mahadanapuram near Krishnarayapuram in Karur District in Tamil Nadu. The most important festival in the temple is the Aadi Perukku which is held on the 18th day of Aadi Masam.
A unique ritual performed here by devotees has made the temple famous. People clean shave their hair on the head and break coconuts for wish fulfillment and after wishes are fulfilled.
# Craven Herald & Pioneer

The Craven Herald & Pioneer is a weekly newspaper covering the Craven area of North Yorkshire as well as part of the Pendle area of Lancashire. Until 29 October 2009 it remained one of only two weekly papers in the United Kingdom that continued to have a front page consisting wholly of advertisements. On 22 October 2009 it was announced that the edition on 29 October 2009 would be the last broadsheet edition with adverts on the front cover. From 5 November 2009 the format was changed to a tabloid size, or compact as the then-editor described it, with news on page one and the adverts moved to page two.

## History

There have been several newspapers covering the Craven area. The Craven Herald was first published in 1853, in Skipton, by Robert Tasker, a local printer. Originally a monthly publication, it ran until 1868 when Tasker became postmaster of Skipton and, as such, was debarred from publishing a newspaper.
In 1865 the Craven Weekly Pioneer and General Advertiser for West Yorkshire and East Lancashire was launched. This was a paper of very liberal leanings being an enthusiastic supporter of William Ewart Gladstone. In response the local Conservatives bought Tasker's firm and in 1875 re-launched the Craven Herald.
Both papers continued to publish separately and both underwent name changes at various times. The Craven Herald changed its name to the Craven Herald and Wensleydale Standard in 1868 before reverting to the Craven Herald in 1922. Meanwhile the Pioneer became the West Yorkshire Pioneer and East Lancashire News in 1884 and the West Yorkshire Pioneer in 1934. The two rivals merged in 1937 to form the Craven Herald & Pioneer.
The Craven Herald was an early user of photographs in the paper. The first example, of a society wedding, appeared in 1905.
In 1987, financial pressures forced the owners of the paper to sell to Westminster Press, the publishers of the Bradford Telegraph and Argus. Westminster Press itself was sold to Newsquest in 1996.
Until 1995 the paper was printed in Skipton but after a Westminster Press decision to centralise printing, moved to Bradford, although the editorial and advertising offices remain in Skipton.
In 2001 the paper broke with its tradition and suspended adverts on the front page for one edition to use a photograph to report the arrival of foot and mouth disease in Craven.
While it remained a broadsheet publication, the front page remained resolutely advertising although in 2008 changes were made to preview the main news story in a 12 column inch (3 inches by 4 columns) box on the front page.

## Current status

In the January – December 2013 ABC audit, the average net circulation per issue was 11,498. By the January to December 2016 season, this had dropped to 9,377 average weekly circulation. The present editor is Andrew Hitchon. Styling itself The Voice of the Dales since 1853 it is now published every Thursday and carries some colour photographs on the inside. As of February 2024 the cover price is £1.40.
From 5 November 2009 the paper is printed in a tabloid format with news on the front page and the adverts formerly carried on page one moved to page two.
# Aa aurantiaca

Aa aurantiaca is a species of terrestrial orchid in the genus Aa endemic to the Department of La Libertad in northwestern Peru. It was described by Delsy Trujillo in 2011.

## Description

Aa aurantiaca is a small, terrestrial orchid. The roots are fleshy, pubescent, and are in small clusters. The inflorescence is slender and erect, and is up to 30 cm long. The inflorescence is wrapped by up to 23 extremely thin, transparent sheaths. There is a densely many-flowered cylindrical spike 2.2–5 cm (0.87–1.97 in) at the end of each inflorescence.
The floral bracts are ovate, acute to obtuse, with slightly erose margins. The floral bracts are 4–5 mm long by 4 mm wide, and are somewhat longer than the flowers. The flowers are orange to a reddish orange, and are not resupinate. The dorsal sepals are 2 mm long by 1.3–1.5 mm wide, and are oblong to ovate, obtuse, and reflexed. The lateral sepals are 3 mm long by 1.5 mm wide, and are shortly connate at the base, obliquely oblong to lanceolate, obtuse, and somewhat keeled. Both the dorsal and lateral sepals have one nerve and dorsally hairy.
The petals are obliquely ovate lanceolate, obtuse, and reflexed and are up to 2.3 mm long by 1.1 mm wide. The lip is 2 mm long by 2.5 mm wide and shaped like a slipper, transversely elliptic, mostly fleshy, barely 3-lobed, and has a narrow opening.

## Distribution and habitat

Aa aurantiaca has only been recorded on grassy hillsides at elevations of 3,500–4,000 m (11,500–13,100 ft) above sea level in the La Libertad region in northwestern Peru.

## Ecology

Aa aurantiaca flowers between May and August. Some populations of this species occur alongside other Aa species.

## Taxonomy

Aa aurantiaca was first named and described by Delsy Trujillo in 2011 in the journal Lankesteriana. The species has no synonyms according to Plants of the World Online.

### Etymology

The specific epithet, aurantiaca, is derived from the Latin word aurantiacus (meaning "orange", referring to the colour of the flowers).
# Jim Prendergast

James Bartholomew Prendergast (August 23, 1917 – August 23, 1994) was an American professional baseball player. He was a left-handed pitcher for one season (1948) in the major leagues, with the Boston Braves. Prendergast was born in Brooklyn, New York and died in Amherst, New York at the age of 77.

## Career

Prendergast started his professional career at the age of 18, in the Pennsylvania State Association. He bounced around the minor leagues for a few years before pitching 1939–1941 in Southern Association. He spent the following four years serving in the United States Army.
Prendergast returned to baseball in 1946 with the Syracuse Chiefs of the International League; in 1947, he had the best season of his career, going 20–15 with a 3.08 earned run average. Prendergast joined the Braves in early 1948. However, he did not pitch well and was released in mid-season. He compiled a major league record of 1–1, with a 10.26 earned run average and 3 strikeouts in 16+2⁄3 innings pitched.
Prendergast's pitching declined after 1948. In 1951, he sued Major League Baseball for $150,000 to test the legality of the reserve clause. He never played professionally again.
# Boy Trouble

Boy Trouble is a 1939 American comedy drama film directed by George Archainbaud and starring Charles Ruggles, Mary Boland, Donald O'Connor, and Billy Lee. Archainbaud also directed the sequel to the film, Night Work, that was released the same year.

## Plot

Sybil Fitch adopts two orphan boys. Her husband is infuriated. However, when the boys catch scarlet fever, he finds that he really does love them.

## Cast

* Charles Ruggles as Homer C. Fitch
* Mary Boland as Sybil Fitch
* Donald O'Connor as Butch
* Joyce Mathews as Patricia Fitch
* John Hartley as Wyndham Wilson
* Billy Lee as Joe
* Andrew Tombes as Mr. Svively
* Dick Elliott as Dr. Benshlager
* Zeffie Tilbury as Mrs. Jepson
* Sarah Edwards as Mrs. Moots
* Harlan Briggs as Mr. Pike
# Joseph F. O'Connell

Joseph Francis O'Connell (December 7, 1872 – December 10, 1942) was an American lawyer, academic, and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Boston, Massachusetts from 1907 to 1911.

## Early life and education

Born in Boston, Massachusetts, O'Connell attended the Mather School of Boston and prepared for college at St. Mary's Parochial School. He graduated from Boston College in 1893. While at Boston College, O'Connell and Joseph Drum helped create the first Boston College football team. O'Connell graduated from Harvard University Law School in 1896, was admitted to the Suffolk County bar in 1897, and commenced the practice of law in Boston.

## U.S. Representative

O'Connell was elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1907 - March 3, 1911). In 1908, he was re-elected by just 4 votes over former Boston City Clerk J. Mitchel Galvin.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1910. In a three-way primary with former Representative William S. McNary and Boston City Councilor James Michael Curley, O'Connell came in second behind Curley.

## Later career

After his defeat in 1910, O'Connell resumed the practice of law in Boston and remained active in politics. He served as a delegate to the 1912 Democratic National Convention.
In 1914, O'Connell was appointed to the National Conference on Uniform State Laws by Governor David I. Walsh. He was re-appointed by each succeeding governor and served until his death.
In May 1917, O'Connell was elected to serve as a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, representing the 12th congressional district. The convention convened on June 6, 1917 and adjourned on August 13, 1919.
O'Connell served as a delegate to the 1920 Democratic National Convention.
In 1923, O'Connell served as member of the State commission to revise the charter of the city of Boston in 1923.
O'Connell unsuccessfully ran for United States Senate in 1930 and Mayor of Boston in 1933.

## Personal life

On November 23, 1910, O'Connell married Marasita Lenahan, daughter of his former Congressional colleague John T. Lenahan, at St. Mary's Church in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. The couple had 11 children.
He was Professor of Law and vice president of the board of trustees of Suffolk Law School in Boston.

## Death

O'Connell died in Boston on December 10, 1942, three days after his 70th birthday and was interred at St. Joseph's Cemetery in West Roxbury, Massachusetts.
# Jastrząb, Silesian Voivodeship

Jastrząb is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poraj, within Myszków County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of Myszków and 49 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Florida Straits (film)

Florida Straits is a 1986 made-for-television adventure film that originally aired on HBO. It stars Fred Ward, Raul Julia, Daniel Jenkins and Antonio Fargas. The film had several theatrical releases in other countries as well as video premieres in later years but it originally aired in 1986. The production was filmed in South Carolina standing in for Cuba in the 1980s. It was one of a number of 1980s adventure films with a heist theme.

## Plot

"Lucky" (Fred Ward) operates a for-charter sight-seeing boat in the Florida Keys. He keeps company with salty gambling and drinking barroom types. One day a young man, Mac (Daniel Jenkins), recently from college shows up and enters into a poker game with Lucky. Mac is proficient at cards which belies his youthful looks. Lucky unable to pay, Mac eventually ends up in a partnership with the young man and the two of them now share Lucky's boat The White Witch.
As time goes on, a political prisoner from Cuba, called Carlos (Raul Julia), lands in Miami. He has been imprisoned by Fidel Castro since 1961 and was a DC-3 pilot during the planned Bay of Pigs Invasion. Carlos eventually meets Lucky and Mac and persuades them to use their boat White Witch to take him back to Cuba. Carlos has two reasons to return to Cuba, a lost lady love (Ilka Tanya Payán) whom he thinks is still waiting for him after twenty years and a crate of gold coins he parachuted from the DC-3 just before he bailed out of the aircraft in 1961. The three end up in Cuba and face a band of rebels led by "El Gato Negro" (Antonio Fargas).

## Cast

* Raul Julia as Carlos Jayne
* Fred Ward as "Lucky" Boone
* Daniel Jenkins as Mac
* Jaime Sánchez as Innocente
* Victor Argo as Pablo Cheruka
* Ilka Tanya Payán as Carmen
* Antonio Fargas as "El Gato Negro"
* Jesse Corti as Guido
* Raúl Dávila as Esteban
* Ed Grady as Lenny
# Romania–Serbia border

The Romania–Serbia border is the international border between Romania and Serbia, established after the formation of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (later renamed to Romania) in 1859 and the partition of Banat after the Treaty of Trianon. The border has a length of 546.4 kilometres (339.5 miles), of which 256.8 kilometres (159.6 mi) are terrestrial (Banat) and 289.6 kilometres (179.9 mi) are fluvial (Timok Valley–Wallachia).
Both countries have several border crossing points. Among them are those of Vrbica–Vălcani, Golubac–Moldova Nouă, Kladovo–Drobeta-Turnu Severin and several others. Many of these points were temporarily closed in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The point where the borders of Hungary, Romania and Serbia coincide is known as the "Triplex Confinium". Precisely, the towns that meet each other are Kübekháza (Hungary), Beba Veche (Romania) and Rabe (Serbia). Cultural events are held in this point every year.
# Marchesini

Marchesini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alessandro Marchesini (1664–1738), Italian painter and art merchant of the late-Baroque and Rococo
* Anna Marchesini (1953–2016), Italian actress, voice actress, comedian, impressionist and writer
* Ascanio Marchesini (died 1580), Italian Roman Catholic prelate
* Bruno Marchesini (1915–1938), Italian Roman Catholic seminarian
* Giulia Marchesini (born 1998), Italian professional racing cyclist
* Michele Marchesini (born 1968), Italian sailor
* Nino Marchesini (1895–1961), Italian actor
* Pietro Marchesini (1692–1757), Italian painter of the Baroque period
* Riccardo Marchesini (born 1963), Italian canoer and paracanoer
* Víctor Marchesini (1930–1999), Argentine lawyer and politician
# Bernard of Senlis

Bernard I (or II) of Senlis (c. 919 – c. 947) was a Frankish noble from Herbertien dynasty, a branch of Carolingian dynasty. He was a descendant of Charlemagne and his son Pepin of Italy. He was a cousin of Herbert I, Count of Vermandois.
Bernard was a grandson of Pepin II, Count of Senlis and Valois (846–893). There are conflicting views on whether Pepin (876–922) or Bernard (c. 875–927) was the younger Bernard's father.
He was Count of Beauvais and Count of Senlis. Both he and his cousin Herbert I, Count of Vermandois were influential nobles of the western northern part of the Frankish Kingdom.
It is believed that Robert I of Senlis (d. 1004) was his son.
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# Jawornica, Silesian Voivodeship

Jawornica is a village located in the administrative district of Gmina Kochanowice, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of Lubliniec and 53 km (33 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.