OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hong Kong mainland China driving scheme

The Hong Kong mainland China driving scheme (Chinese: 自駕遊計畫) is a cross-border driving scheme which allows drivers of cars with primary registration in mainland China to drive directly to Hong Kong. Currently, mainland cars have the driver seat on the left, while HK cars have driver seat on the right. Historically HK was a British colony before 1997, and adopted driving on the same side of the road as the United Kingdom.
While Hong Kong is a party to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, the PRC is not a party to the convention. As a result, prior to the introduction of this pilot scheme, Hong Kong vehicles have to apply for PRC's registration number plates to cross the border, and vice versa.

## Timeline

The first phase of the scheme begins on 1 March 2012. It allows 50 private vehicles from HK to travel to Guangdong province on the mainland.
In the second phase, cars from the mainland will be allowed to enter Hong Kong. 50 mainland cars will be allowed to enter Hong Kong every day from the mainland, seven days a week. There cannot be a total of more than 350 mainland cars in the city. The 350 cars limit is expected to increase to 500 in the future.

## Opposition
### Initial reaction

On 7 February 2012, the Civic Party launched a signature-collection drive in Wan Chai to see if people were against the new driving scheme. In just 90 minutes, over 1,200 signatures were collected in opposition to mainland drivers coming to Hong Kong. About 40,000 Facebook users were against the scheme. Legislative council member Tam Yiu-chung of the pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong is a supporter of the new policy. There were plans earlier by the Hong Kong government to control air pollution and reduce car counts in the city. This scheme seems to have contradict the government's own plan.

### 12 February protest

On 12 February 2012, about 300 people protested against the scheme. Transport secretary Eva Cheng tried to calm the local citizens by saying it was "just a trial scheme". This event has been tied to Kong Qingdong's comment about Hong Kong citizens being the British running dog during the Early 2012 Hong Kong protests.

### 19 February protest

On 19 February 2012, about 1600 people protested in HK against the arrival of mainland drivers. About 22 non-government organisations participated. Some nicknames given the protest including: "suicide travel" (自殺遊) and "despicable travel" (賤格遊). The protest asked Hong Kong drivers to not fill any application to drive north into China. Doing so will be accepting the scheme thus betraying fellow Hong Kong citizens. The march started from Causeway Bay.
Also about 10 members of the pro-Beijing camp Liberal Party led by Miriam Lau took part in a small protest at the Legislative Council Complex against the second phase of the scheme. She said there are currently far too many cars that want to travel south (from the mainland to Hong Kong), and there are liability problems. She wants to consider cancelling the second phase.
# Ivar Knudsen

Ivar Peter Bagger Knudsen (1 April 1861 – 23 March 1920) was a Danish engineer. As the director of Burmeister & Wain (B&W), Knudsen led the development of the MS Selandia, the biggest, most advanced diesel-powered vessel of its time.

## Early life

Knudsen was born to Jens Elsbert Knudsen (1826–1901), a manager of a grocery firm, and Julie Vilhelmine Rønberg (1828–88). He was the brother of military physician Morten Knudsen and the women's rights activist Olga Knudsen. He trained to be a mechanic in Aarhus and worked in this profession until 1882 when he went to Copenhagen to study at the Technical University of Denmark. After finishing his studies in 1887 he was involved in the design of the fortifications of Copenhagen. He then worked as a mechanical engineer for the electric utility of Copenhagen.

## Engineering career

In 1895 he joined B&W as chief mechanical engineer. He was promoted to Director of the engine department in 1897 where he started a comprehensive modernization. Knudsen realised the potential of the diesel engine as ship propulsion and traveled to Germany to meet Rudolf Diesel who was testing the new engines at MAN AG in Augsburg. Consequently B&W obtained the patent rights on the Diesel engine for Denmark. The following years saw numerous tests and improvements, eventually resulting in an efficient and reliable machine. In 1908 Knudsen became the head of both the machine factory in Christianshavn and the shipyard in Refshaleøen.
Hans Niels Andersen, founder of the East Asiatic Company, saw that diesel powered ships would mean a leap forward for the shipping industry, and in December 1910 placed an order with B&W for a large oceangoing motor ship, the MS Selandia.
The first voyage in February 1912, with Andersen and Knudsen on board, was from Copenhagen to Bangkok via London and Antwerp. The ship was received with great interest and many people visited the Selandia including the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, and other high ranking naval officers.
Selandia had two sister ships, the MS Jutlandia and the MS Fionia; finishing their sea trials in June 1912, and July 1912, respectively. The Fionia was met with similar interest in Germany during Kiel Week, where visitors included German Emperor Wilhelm II and Albert Ballin, director of the Hamburg America Line.
Knudsen resigned from the yard's daily management in April 1919, joining the company's board as an advisor.

## Personal life

Knudsen is one of the men seen in Peder Severin Krøyer's monumental 1904 oil-on-canvas group portrait painting Men of Industry. He died "mysteriously" from food poisoning while on a trip to India on 23 March 1920. He is buried in Hellerup Cemetery. His grave has been removed. A large memorial stone was unveiled in Følle in 1932.

## Awards

* Order of the Dannebrog (1900)
* Medal of Merit (1912)
# MKULTRA (disambiguation)

Project MKUltra is the code name for a CIA mind-control research program that began in the 1950s.
MKULTRA or MK-ULTRA may also refer to:
* MK Ultra (film), 2022 psychological thriller film written and directed by Joseph Sorrentino
* mk Ultra (California band), a defunct alternative band
* The MK Ultra, a music project by British rock musician James Ray
* "MKultra", a song by American band Unwound on the album A Single History: 1991–1997
* "MK Ultra", a song by British rock band Muse on the 2009 album The Resistance
* "MK Ultra Ragman", a song by the Canadian electro band platEAU from the 2007 album Kushbush
* "MK Ultra", a song by the American prog metal band Periphery from the 2015 album Juggernaut: Alpha
* "MK Ultra" a professional wrestling stable known by this name composed of TNA Knockouts Killer Kelly and Masha Slamovich
# Ghana at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics

Ghana competed at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, United Kingdom, from 4 to 13 August 2017.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Emmanuel Dasor | 400 metres | DNS | – | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Alex Amankwah | 800 metres | 1:47.56 | 32 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Janet Amponsah | 200 metres | 23.77 | 37 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Flings Owusu-Agyapong Gemma Acheampong Akua Obeng-Akrofi Janet Amponsah | 4 × 100 metres relay | 43.68 SB | 10 | — | — | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Nadia Eke | Triple jump | 13.54 | 23 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Kobyla, Silesian Voivodeship

Kobyla is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kornowac, within Racibórz County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Kornowac, 5 km (3 mi) east of Racibórz, and 54 km (34 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.
# List of ambassadors of Germany to Serbia

The list of German ambassadors in Brazil contains the highest-ranking representatives of the German Empire and the Federal Republic of Germany in Serbia.

## History

The country was known as Serbia until 1918, then Yugoslavia from 1918 to 2003, as Serbia and Montenegro from 2003 to 2006, and today, is Serbia. The German embassy is at Kneza Milosa 74-76, 11000 Belgrade.

## Diplomatic representatives

| Name | Term Start | Term End | Notes |
| / / German Empire |||||
| Anton Saurma von der Jeltsch | 1875 | 1876 | |
| Hippolyt von Bray-Steinburg | 1876 | 1891 | |
| Ludwig von Wäcker-Gotter | 1891 | 1902 | |
| Franz von Reichenau | 1909 | 1911 | |
| Friedrich von Keller | 1918 | 1921 | |
| Adolf Köster | 1928 | 1930 | |
| / Federal Republic of Germany |||||
| Robert Ulrich | 1951 | 1952 | |
| Heinrich von Hardenberg | 1952 | 1953 | |
| Hans Kroll | 1953 | 1954 | |
| Karl Georg Pfleiderer | 1955 | 1957 | |
| 1957–1968: Disruption of relationship |||||
| Peter Blachstein | 1968 | 1969 | |
| Joachim Jaenicke | 1970 | 1974 | |
| Jesco von Puttkamer | 1975 | 1979 | |
| Horst Grabert | 1979 | 1984 | |
| Gisela Rheker | 1984 | 1987 | |
| Hansjörg Eiff | 1988 | 1992 | |
| Gerhard Enver Schrömbgens | 1992 | 1996 | as chargé d'affaires |
| Wilfried Gruber | 1996 | 1999 | |
| Joachim Schmidt | 2000 | 2002 | |
| Kurt Leonberger | 2002 | 2004 | |
| Andreas Zobel | 2005 | 2007 | |
| Wolfram Maas | 2007 | 2012 | |
| Heinz Wilhelm | 2012 | 2015 | |
| Axel Dittmann | 2015 | 2018 | |
| Thomas Schieb | 2018 | 2022 | |
| Anke Konrad | 2022 | Present | |
# Frederick H. Dominick

Frederick Haskell Dominick, (February 20, 1877 – March 11, 1960) was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives for South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. He served for eight terms from 1917 to 1933.

## Biography

He was born in Peak in Newberry County, South Carolina on February 20, 1877. He attended the public schools of Columbia, South Carolina, Newberry College, South Carolina College in Columbia and the law school of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. He was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1898 and commenced practice in Newberry, South Carolina. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1901 to 1902. He was a chairman of the Democratic Party county committee from 1906 to 1914. He served as an assistant attorney general of South Carolina from 1913 to 1916. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1920 and 1924. He was elected to the Sixty-fifth and to the seven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1917 to March 3, 1933). On April 5, 1917, he was one of 50 representatives who voted against declaring war on Germany, the only person in Congress from South Carolina to so vote. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932. In Congress, he was one of the managers appointed by the United States House of Representatives in 1926 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against George W. English, who was a judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois. During the Second World War, he served as an assistant to the United States Attorney General of the Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. He practiced law in Newberry, South Carolina until his death there March 11, 1960. He was interred in Rosemont Cemetery.
# Michael Mecham

Michael Brent Mecham (born April 18, 1994) is an American soccer player who most recently played for South Georgia Tormenta in USL League One.

## Career
### College

Mecham spent his entire college career at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington. He made a total of 71 appearances for the Seahawks.
He appeared for National Premier Soccer League side Carolina RailHawks U-23's in 2015.

### Professional

Mecham signed with United Soccer League side Wilmington Hammerheads on December 15, 2015.
# Milton Quon

Milton Quon (August 22, 1913 – June 18, 2019) was an American animator, artist and actor.

## Early life

Milton Quon was born in Los Angeles, California, to Ng Quan Ying and Wong Shee Quon, Chinese immigrants. He was the eldest and only son, with seven younger sisters. After graduating from Polytechnic High School in 1932, he attended Frank Wiggins Trade School (now Los Angeles Trade–Technical College) and Los Angeles Junior College (now Los Angeles City College), where he earned his Associate of Arts degree. In 1936, he won a scholarship to Chouinard Art Institute (now California Institute of the Arts), from which he graduated in 1939.

## Career

Quon started working for the Walt Disney Animation Studios in 1939. Among his credits include Fantasia and Dumbo. He worked as an illustrator for Douglas Aircraft Company during World War II.
After World War II, he returned to Walt Disney Studios in 1946, heading publicity for three years. From 1951-63, he became the first Chinese American art director at a national advertising agency, BBDO. In 1964, he joined the Sealright Company, a packaging firm, as a Senior Design Artist, where he remained until his retirement in 1980. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Quon appeared as an actor in such films as Speed and Sweet Jane.

## Filmography

* 1940: Fantasia - Visual effects artist (uncredited).
* 1941: Dumbo - Visual effects artist (uncredited).
* 1994: Speed - Additional bus passenger #2.
* 1998: Sweet Jane - Korean clerk.
* 2000: The Cat Killers - Chinese Mafia Boss.

## Personal life

In 1944, Quon married Peggy Wong. They had four children: sons: Timothy (died 2021), Michael, and Jeffrey, and daughter Sherrill.
Quon turned 100 in August 2013. He died on June 18, 2019, at his home in Torrance, California, aged 105.
# Come Come Come Upward

Come Come Come Upward (Korean: 아제 아제 바라 아제; RR: Aje Aje Bara Aje) is a 1989 South Korean film directed by Im Kwon-taek.

## Plot

The film examines the lives of two young women linked by their affiliation with a Buddhist temple.

## Accolades

* Best Film: Grand Bell Awards
* Best Actress, Bronze St. George (Kang Soo-yeon); 16th Moscow International Film Festival
* Special Prize Im Kwon-taek; Moscow International Film Festival

### Nominated

* Golden St. George (Im Kwon-taek); Moscow International Film Festival
# Littleton, County Tipperary

Littleton (Irish: An Baile Beag) is a village in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is within the townlands of Ballybeg and Ballydavid, about 18 km (11 mi) northeast of Cashel and to the southeast of Thurles. By-passed by the M8 in December 2008, Littleton lies at a crossroads on the R639 road. Its population was 394 at the 2016 census. It is in the barony of Eliogarty.
Littleton is closely associated with Bord na Móna, a semi-state company that harvests peat in the nearby complex of raised bogs. Littleton is also home to the 'Moycarkey Band', the Seán Treacy Pipe Band.

## History

St. Ruadhan of Lorrha founded a monastery on a raised island in the middle of the bog at Littleton. The "island" is called Derrynaflan and it became famous when a ninth-century chalice, paten, stand and strainer were found there in 1980. They are now in the National Museum in Dublin.

## Churches

A church of the Church of Ireland parish of Borrisleigh was built in 1786 with funding from the Board of First Fruits. In the 1960s, a church for the Catholic parish of Moycarkey was added.
# Suhrid Mitra

Suhrid Mitra (23 November 1921 – 24 February 1993) was an Indian cricketer. He played four first-class matches for Bengal between 1939 and 1945.
# Kocikowa

Kocikowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pilica, within Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Pilica, 15 km (9 mi) east of Zawiercie, and 50 km (31 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.
# Brooklyn, British Columbia

49°24′02″N 118°03′12″W﻿ / ﻿49.40056°N 118.05333°W﻿ / 49.40056; -118.05333 Brooklyn is by the mouth of Brooklyn Creek on the west shore of Lower Arrow Lake in the West Kootenay region of southern British Columbia. The former steamboat landing, accessible only by boat, was approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Castlegar.

## Name origin

The first appearance in print of the Brooklyn settlement name was 1898. William Parker, the townsite owner, had preempted the land a few years earlier. He reputedly named it after his native Brooklyn, New York. A natural arch in the vicinity is sometimes called after the more famous Brooklyn Bridge.

## Community expansion

In June 1898, Brooklyn became the Daniel Mann, Foley Bros., and Peter Larson construction headquarters for the Columbia and Western Railway westward extension. Anticipating a secure future as a mining town, infrastructure included a newspaper, hospital, large wharf, meat wholesaler, laundry, brewery cold storage, several hotels, and multiple stores. That month, a wagon road was constructed for conveying equipment and supplies from the wharf up Pup Creek to the Bulldog Tunnel project and other points along the imminent railway line.
By July, 10 hotels were open, and five more were under construction. That month, a police constable arrived. By August, the Brooklyn–Robson steamboats departed four times daily. The same month, the town water supply system, the two-cell jail, and the opera house, were completed.
L.M. Livingstone was the inaugural postmaster 1898–1899. In November, the Brooklyn–Cascade City stage line was revived. The previous venture, launched in September, ended after a few trips.

## Community demise

In January, 1899, a hotel and adjoining building burned to the ground. That month, the railway contractors' payroll office, followed by the balance of headquarters staff, relocated to Cascade City. By this time, the remaining hospital patients had largely transferred to the Cascade hospital.
By March, Brooklyn was largely deserted, but the three times weekly boat arrivals unloaded supplies for haulage to the work camps along the line. That month is the final mention of Constable Forrester being in residence. Also, Frank Corte took over the stage line and mail delivery along the route to Cascade City, likely closing down not long after the September opening of the railway line.
From a peak of 15 hotels, closures left eight still operating in April, but only one by July. In September, a fortuitous fire destroyed the insured store and adjacent buildings. The sole store and hotel receive no mention after this date. The post office, which closed in August, possibly later reopened for several months, but the location is unclear. After less than a one-year existence, the forming bustling town was stripped of doors, windows, and anything salvageable that could be carried away.
A decade later, the vacant site was included in land subdivided for orchards, but was submerged when the Keenleyside Dam flooded the area in 1968.
# Isadore Sparber

Isadore Sparber (March 7, 1906 - August 29, 1958) was an American storyboard artist, writer, director and producer of animated films. He is best known for his work with Fleischer Studios and its successor, Famous Studios. When credited, his work appeared under varying versions of his name, including "Izzy Sparber," "I. Sparber," "Irving Sparber," and "Isidore Sparber" or "Isadore Sparber."

## Career

Sparber worked for Fleischer Studios in the 1930s and early 1940s where much of his early work was uncredited. However, he was credited as a writer for several Superman cartoons (all with Seymour Kneitel), as well as the feature-length films Gulliver's Travels and Mr. Bug Goes to Town. He also wrote some Betty Boop cartoons, Color Classic cartoons and Popeye cartoons with no credit. Sparber was first mentioned in a Popeye cartoon as the namesake for a demolition company, Sparber Destruction Co., in the cartoon Quiet! Pleeze(1941). When Paramount Pictures took over Fleischer Studios in 1942, Sparber, Dan Gordon and Seymour Kneitel were named as the new heads of the renamed Famous Studios.
Despite working without onscreen credit for most of his tenure with the Fleischers, Sparber is credited with producing or co-producing nearly 400 cartoons afterward, and directed at least 160 of them. Aside from Sparber directing a good amount of shorts about Popeye, he was also directly responsible for numerous entries in Famous Studios' Superman, Little Lulu/Little Audrey and Casper the Friendly Ghost series.

## Death

Sparber died on August 29, 1958, in New York City at the age of 52. It has been said that this may have been a factor in Paramount's 1959 decision to discontinue production of several cartoon series and sell the rights to Harvey Comics, but apparently this is not the case. During the reorganization of Famous Studios into Paramount Cartoon Studios in late 1956, Sparber was fired along with a number of other veteran Famous Studios staffers as a measure to cut costs. That Sparber continued to collect credits long after he was fired was a result of the long gestation time in animation; indeed, Sparber's last cartoon, "Travelaffs", opened on August 22, 1958, one week before his death.

## Filmography

* ’Parlez Vous Woo’ (Popeye, 1956 short)
# A. P. C. Veerabahu

A. P. C. Veerbahu was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Indian National Congress candidate from Srivaikuntam constituency in 1957 and 1962 elections.
# The Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire

The Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RAQoL) is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure which determines the effect rheumatoid arthritis has on a patient's quality of life. The RAQoL has 30 items with a yes and no response format and takes about six minutes to complete.
Scores on the RAQoL are a sum of all the individual item scores with a range from 0-30, with a lower score indicating better quality of life. The RAQoL is a self-assessment questionnaire, meaning patients fill out the survey themselves in order to avoid experimental error.

## History

The RAQoL was developed by Galen Research, the University of Leeds and the Academic Hospital Maastricht, and was first published in 1997. It was the first patient completed quality of life questionnaire that focused on rheumatoid arthritis and is distinct from other questionnaires as it includes physical contact as a dimension of quality of life. Other dimensions include activities of daily living, social interaction/function, emotions, mood and recreation and pastimes.

## International Use

Since its development, the RAQOL has been translated into 33 languages other than Dutch and UK English. Validation studies have been performed in countries such as Sweden, Argentina and Australia in order to confirm the responsiveness and validity of the language adaptations.
The RAQoL has been used in clinical studies in order to confirm the efficacy of proposed treatments of rheumatoid arthritis. It has been utilized in order to confirm the efficacy of tocilizumab and infliximab.