OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Third cabinet of Jón Magnússon

The Cabinet of Jón Magnússon, nicknamed “The Government of High Exchange Rates” (Icelandic: Hágengisstjórnin), and “The Work Government” (Icelandic: Starfsstjórnin), was formed 22 March 1924.

## Cabinets
### Inaugural cabinet

| Officeholder | Office |
| Jón Magnússon | Prime Minister |
| Jón Þorláksson | Minister of Finance |
| Magnús Guðmundsson | Minister of Employment |

### Change (8 July 1926)

| Officeholder | Office |
| Magnús Guðmundsson | Prime Minister |
| Magnús Guðmundsson | Minister of Employment |
| Jón Þorláksson | Minister of Finance |
# German Book Prize

The German Book Prize (Deutscher Buchpreis) is awarded annually, in October, by the German Publishers and Booksellers Association (Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels) to the best new German language novel of the year. The books, published in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, are nominated by their publishers, who can propose up to two books from their current or planned publication list. The books should be in shops before the short-list is announced in September of the award year. The winner is awarded €25,000, while the five shortlisted authors receive €2,500 each. It is presented annually during the Frankfurt Book Fair.
The prize was created in 2005, as a successor to the Deutscher Bücherpreis, to heighten awareness for authors writing in German. It is based on the same idea as literary prizes such as the Man Booker Prize or the Prix Goncourt.

## Recipients

* 2005 Geiger, Arno. Es geht uns gut [We Are Doing Fine]. Carl Hanser Verlag.
* 2006 Hacker, Katharina. Die Habenichtse [The Have-Nots]. Suhrkamp Verlag.
* 2007 Franck, Julia. Die Mittagsfrau [The Blindness of the Heart]. S. Fischer Verlag.
* 2008 Tellkamp, Uwe. Der Turm [The Tower]. Suhrkamp Verlag.
* 2009 Schmidt, Kathrin. Du stirbst nicht. Kiepenheuer & Witsch.
* 2010 Abonji, Melinda Nadj. Tauben fliegen auf [Fly Away, Pigeon]. Jung und Jung Verlag.
* 2011 Ruge, Eugen. In Zeiten des abnehmenden Lichts [In Times of Fading Light]. Rowohlt Verlag.
* 2012 Krechel, Ursula. Landgericht. Jung und Jung Verlag.
* 2013 Mora, Terézia. Das Ungeheuer. Luchterhand.
* 2014 Seiler, Lutz. Kruso [Kruso]. Suhrkamp Verlag.
* 2015 Witzel, Frank. Die Erfindung der Roten Armee Fraktion durch einen manisch-depressiven Teenager im Sommer 1969. btb Verlag.
* 2016 Kirchhoff, Bodo. Widerfahrnis. Frankfurter Verlagsanstalt.
* 2017 Menasse, Robert. Die Hauptstadt [The Capital]. Suhrkamp Verlag.
* 2018 Mahlke, Inger-Maria. Archipel. Rowohlt.
* 2019 Stanišić, Saša. Herkunft [Where You Come From]. Luchterhand Literaturverlag.
* 2020 Weber, Anne. Annette, ein Heldinnenepos [Epic Annette: A Heroine's Tale]. Verlag Matthes & Seitz.
* 2021 Strubel, Antje Rávik. Blaue Frau. S. Fischer Verlag.
* 2022 de l'Horizon, Kim. Blutbuch. DuMont Buchverlag.
* 2023 Schachinger, Tonio. Echtzeitalter. Rowohlt-Verlag.
* 2024 Hefter, Martina. Hey guten Morgen, wie geht es dir?. Klett-Cotta.
* Arno Geiger
* Katharina Hacker
* Julia Franck
* Uwe Tellkamp
* Kathrin Schmidt
* Robert Menasse
* Antje Rávik Strubel
# Varshavka, Bashkortostan

Varshavka (Russian: Варшавка) is a rural locality (a village) in Shaymuratovsky Selsoviet, Karmaskalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 105 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.

## Geography

Varshavka is located 6 km northwest of Karmaskaly (the district's administrative centre) by road. Karmaskaly is the nearest rural locality.
# Thijs van Valkengoed

Thijs Maarten van Valkengoed (born 6 July 1983 in Lelystad) is a breaststroke swimmer from the Netherlands, who competed for his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He trains together with his sister Jolijn in their hometown.

## Swimming career

Thijs debuted at the international stage during the 2002 European Aquatics Championships in Berlin. Van Valkengoed's main achievement is winning the bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke at the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2003 in Dublin, Ireland. Earlier that month he had qualified himself for the 2004 Summer Olympics with national records in 100 m and 200 m breaststroke. At the Olympics he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the 100 m breaststroke, and in the heats of the 200 m breaststroke.

### Overtraining

After the disappointing results in Montreal at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships it appeared that Thijs had been overtraining himself for a longer period of time. He had to rest for the whole 2006 season.

### Comeback

After his overtraining he decided to move back from Amsterdam to Lelystad and started to train with his sister with the goal to qualify themselves for the 2008 European Aquatics Championships in Eindhoven. At the end of 2007 both Thijs and Jolijn van Valkengoed reached their goal and qualified for the European Championship in their home country. During the European championships Thijs lowered his own national record at the 100 m breaststroke to 1:01.22 and instead qualified for his second Olympics. Later on his sister qualified herself for the medley relay at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Just days before the Games started, during the training-camp in Hong Kong, Thijs became ill. Due to the illness Thijs couldn't lower his national record again.

## Personal bests

Short course :
| Event | Time | Date | Location |
| 50 m breaststroke | 28.20 | 2008-04-12 | Manchester, United Kingdom |
| 100 m breaststroke | 59.76 | 2008-04-09 | Manchester, United Kingdom |
| 200 m breaststroke | 2:08.30 NR | 2003-12-14 | Dublin, Ireland |
Long course :
| Event | Time | Date | Location |
| 50 m breaststroke | 28.51 | 2008-03-22 | Eindhoven, Netherlands |
| 100 m breaststroke | 1:01.22 | 2008-03-18 | Eindhoven, Netherlands |
| 200 m breaststroke | 2:13.32 | 2003-12-04 | Federal Way, USA |
# Cobenzl

The Cobenzl family was an Austrian noble family from Carinthia. They had the bulk of their possessions in present-day Slovenia and had an important role in the history of Carniola and the County of Gorizia. Several of its members served as diplomats for the Habsburg rulers.

## History

The family was first mentioned in 1204, and was elevated by imperial order to Freiherren von Cobenzl in 1588 and raised to Imperial Counts in 1722. In the 1570s, baron Johann Cobenzl was the ambassador of emperor Maximilian II and later Rudolf II at the court of the Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible. He also served as regent (Landeshauptmann) of Carniola. Other members of the families have served as regents in Gorizia and Carniola in the 17th and 8th century.
By the 16th century, most of the family's estates were located in what is now Slovenia. Among others, the Cobenzls owned the castles of Predjama and Štanjel.
During the 18th century, several notable members of the family held important administrative and political positions in the Habsburg monarchy, especially in the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium):

## Genealogy

Jean-Philippe de Cobenzl, died 1702: Married Jeanne de Lanthiery
** Johann Gaspard, Count von Cobenzl, died 1742: Knight of the Golden Fleece. Lord Chamberlain of the Archduchess. Married to Carolina Sophia von Rindsmaul (1682-1756).
*** Count Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl (1712–1770) : Knight of the Golden Fleece.
**** Maria Theresie von Cobenzl : marr. Count de Varick.
**** Count Ludwig von Cobenzl (1753–1809)
**** Maria Eleonore von Cobenzl: married to François III Maximilien de la Woestyne, 3rd Marquess of Becelaere.
*** Guidobald von Cobenzl (1716–1797): marr. Maria Benigna von Montrichier (1720–1793).
**** Philipp Graf von Cobenzl, (1741–1810): last heir of Cobenzl.
**** Johann Ludwig Carl, Count von Cobenzl
# Jordan Chambers

Jordan W. Chambers (1896–1962) was a prominent politician in St. Louis, Missouri. He is credited with organizing precinct captains in the well-known Ward 19 to ensure that all in his ward got out to vote. He is also credited with organizing the Young Democratic Club. A park and post office in St. Louis is named after Chambers in honor of his civil service. He often was known as the "negro mayor of St. Louis."

## History

Chambers was the owner of the Peoples Undertaking Company in St. Louis, next to the St. Louis political headquarters. In 1963 he was elected Constable and Democratic Committeeman of the 19th Ward, making him the first Black Committeeman in St. Louis history. He was instrumental in get the Black vote for Harry S. Truman for president. Chambers worked to improve the lives for Blacks & was influential in getting integration of the Circuit Court & the St. Louis Housing Authority. He owned Club Riviera, a prominent meeting place for many entertainment stars and politicians. He continued to work for civil rights until he died, and Governor John Dalton gave his eulogy at Chamber's funeral. President Kennedy and Vice-president Johnson also relayed condolence.
# Bill Bullard Jr.

Bill Bullard Jr. (July 12, 1943 – December 18, 2020) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of both houses of the Michigan Legislature and local official in Oakland County.

## Biography

Bullard earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Michigan and law degree from the Detroit College of Law. He served in elected office in Highland Township from 1978 through 1982, and was elected to the state House in 1982. In 1994, Bullard was elected to the state Senate in a special election in June.
After leaving the Legislature, Bullard was elected to the Oakland County Board of Commissioners, where he served four terms, including six years as chairman, before being selected to succeed Ruth Johnson as county clerk/register of deeds when Johnson was elected Michigan Secretary of State. Bullard was defeated for re-election to a full term in 2012 by Lisa Brown.
Bullard died from complications of cancer and COVID-19 at Huron Valley-Sinai Hospital on December 18, 2020, aged 77, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan.
# Restrictive flow orifice

A restrictive flow orifice (RFO) is a type of orifice plate. They are used to limit the potential danger, damage, or wastage of an uncontrolled flow from, for example, a compressed gas cylinder They are generally not limiting the flow during normal operation but if a fault or failure occurs causing uncontrolled flow the orifice will present a restriction, limiting the flow. It may be used to limit the accidental release of a hazardous gas (flammable, toxic, etc.) resulting from regulator or other component failure, restricting flow in a system in order to assure adequate pressure relief valve sizing and system over pressure protection, or restricting flow from bulk sources such as a water main.

## Predicting Flow

Correlations assist in predicting the flow of a particular gas or gas mixture through a RFO. This is done by first determining the flow through the same RFO at the required pressure with a reference gas and then adjusting the specific gravity accordingly.
The pertinent equation for the reference gas of nitrogen (N$_2$) is presented below.
$Flow={\text{Flow Rate of N2 at the same pressure}}*{\sqrt {\frac {1}{\text{Specific Gravity}}}}$

## Other applications
### River flood control

In the natural environment, large orifice plates are used to control onward flow in flood relief dams. In these structures a low dam is placed across a river and in normal operation the water flows through the orifice plate unimpeded as the orifice is substantially larger than the normal flow cross section. However, in floods, the flow rate rises and floods out the orifice plate which can then only pass a flow determined by the physical dimensions of the orifice. Flow is then held back behind the low dam in a temporary reservoir which is slowly discharged through the orifice when the flood subsides.
# Noor Davis

Noor Davis (born December 15, 1994) is an American former professional football linebacker. He played college football at Stanford and was signed by the Minnesota Vikings in 2017 as an undrafted free agent. In 2011, he was awarded the Butkus Award for the top linebacker in high school, as well as being named to the first-team of the USA Today All-USA high school football team and participated in the 2012 Under Armour All-America Game. Davis graduated with a Bachelors and Masters from Stanford University.
In 2019, Davis joined the Detroit Lions Front Office working in Player Personnel, after working in Sales Leadership with the Silicon Valley start-up Rubrik.
Davis currently works with the Big Ten Conference as associate director, Sports Administration. Davis began his career with the Big Ten Conference in 2020 as the first Fellow in the history of the conference, working directly under Commissioner Kevin Warren. He completed his Juris Doctor at Loyola University Chicago School of Law while simultaneously working with the Big Ten Conference.

## Early life

A native of Leesburg, Florida, Davis attended The Villages Charter High School for most of his high school career before transferring just before his senior year to Leesburg High School, where he won the 2011 Butkus Award, was an Under Armour All-American linebacker and captain of the 2012 19-U US National Football Team. Regarded as a four-star recruit, Davis was ranked the No. 2 linebacker and No. 25 overall prospect by ESPN and the No. 4 outside linebacker in his class by Rivals.com.

## College career

After redshirting his first year at Stanford in 2012, Davis went on to play in 37 games throughout the course of his career (2012–16), amassing 67 total tackles, 2 interceptions, 2 TFL and 3 kick returns for 43 yards. Davis was named to the Academic All-Pac-12 team in 2016. Davis earned four letters as a Linebacker for the Cardinal football team during a span in which the program made three appearances in the Rose Bowl Game (winning two) and won three Pac-12 titles. Davis recorded 5 solo tackles in the 2016 Rose Bowl vs. the Iowa Hawkeyes.

## Professional career
### Minnesota Vikings

Davis signed with the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent on July 28, 2017. He was waived by the Vikings on September 2, 2017.

## Personal life

Davis' father, Chris played two years in the NFL, while his uncle, Andre Tippett is an NFL Hall of Famer. Davis' mother is Jana Davis and his brother is Gabriel Davis.
# Dreams of You

"Dreams of You" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ralph McTell, released on 21 November 1975 as a non-album single. The song peaked at number 36 in the UK Singles Chart.
McTell later re-recorded the song for his 1987 album Bridge of Sighs.

## Background

Inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach's "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring", both Bach and McTell are credited as the writers of "Dreams of You". McTell told Sounds in 1975, "I'm proud of this new song. At least if it's not a hit the blame is only 50% mine, 'cause I nicked the tune. It's one of those tunes you find yourself singing. They used to play it at school assemblies, 'Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring'. It's a love song that brings back memories of someone far away."
McTell wrote and recorded "Dreams of You" within a two-week period after returning from the United States, where he had taken a short break from the music industry. Upon his return to Britain, his record company, Warner Bros., suggested releasing McTell's version of "Let Me Down Easy" as his next single. McTell opted for something new instead and soon wrote "Dreams of You", which he described at the time as "one of the quickest songs I've ever written". Warner received the song with enthusiasm and it was released as a single on 21 November 1975. It peaked at number 36 in the UK Singles Chart, giving McTell his second and final UK top 40 hit.
In a 1976 interview with Sounds, McTell spoke of his refusal to perform the song live, "I've never done it on stage because there's no room to breathe. When we recorded it, I stopped and restarted the tape between verses. When people ask for it on stage, I just have to say 'sorry'."

## Critical reception

Upon its release, Ray Fox-Cumming of Record Mirror & Disc commented, "It's all very pleasant and in excellent taste, but I can't help feeling that if he'd hammed it up a bit, he'd have had a better chance of getting a hit." The Shepherds Bush Gazette & Hammersmith Post noted that the song "captures all that is good about Ralph McTell: gentle melody, soothing vocals and pretty lyrics", but felt the tune is "one that takes some time to grow on you and for this reason, the record may get lost in the Christmas rush".

## Track listing

7-inch single (UK, Germany, Netherlands, Norway and Australia)
* "Dreams of You" – 2:53
* "Sweet Forgiveness (Seeds of Heaven)" – 3:15

## Personnel

Production
* Ralph McTell – production
* Stephen Allen – engineering ("Dreams of You")
* Peter Swettenham – engineering ("Sweet Forgiveness")

## Charts

| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
| Netherlands (Tipparade) | 18 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 36 |
# Members of the National Assembly of Ecuador (2023–2025)

This article lists the members of the National Assembly of Ecuador as elected in the 2023 Ecuadorian general election.

## National list

| Name | Party | Start |
| Thin Pierina Strap Sara Mercedes [es] | RC | November 17, 2023 |
| Tuala Muntza Eustaquio | RC | November 17, 2023 |
| Cabezas Castillo Janeth Paola | RC | November 17, 2023 |
| Agualsaca Guamán José Clemente | RC | November 17, 2023 |
| Arotingo Cushcagua Rose Margarita | RC | November 17, 2023 |
| Ulcuango Farinango Ricardo | RC | November 17, 2023 |
| Carrillo Rosero Hernán Patricio [es] | MC25 | Did not take office |
| Morillo Solórzano Lourdes Nataly | MC25 | November 17, 2023 |
| García Mejía Adriana Denisse | Ind. | November 17, 2023 |
| Moreno Felix Jaime | MC25 | November 17, 2023 |
| Centeno Arteaga Valentina | Ind. | November 17, 2023 |
| Moreno Encalada Arturo Germán | P.I.D. | November 17, 2023 |
| Kronfle Kozhaya Henry Fabian [es] | PSC | November 17, 2023 |
| Jaramillo Zurita Lucía Lizbeth | Ind. | November 17, 2023 |
| Subía Dávalos Karina del Carmen | ADDITION | November 17, 2023 |
| Gutiérrez Borbúa Lucio Edwin [es] | PSP | November 17, 2023 |
# Speleogen

A speleogen is a geological feature within a karst system that is created by the dissolution of bedrock. As rain water falls through the atmosphere it picks up carbon dioxide and more as it passes through organic material in the soil. As water moves through joints and cracks in calcium carbonate bedrock, more dissolution of the bedrock occurs and the bedrock features that are left are the speleogens. This process called speleogenesis is what leads to secondary formations or speleothems.
The United States Code defines speleogens as "relief features on the walls, ceiling, and floor of any cave or lava tube which are part of the surrounding bedrock, including anastomoses, scallops, meander niches, petromorphs and rock pendants in solution caves and similar features unique to volcanic caves."
"Speleogens are irregular or distinctive shapes of carbonate rock etched from bedrock by dripping or running water. Speleogens can form where bedrock is not uniform in chemical composition. Consequently, the less soluble rock dissolves slower than adjacent more soluble rock through time. The less soluble rock tends to stand in relief and projects from walls and ceilings of caves."
# Paul Scapicchio

Paul Scapicchio is president and CEO of the Novus Group and a former member of the Boston City Council (1997 to 2006, representing East Boston and Chinatown). In 2023, he co-founded Boston’s inaugural ClimaTech conference.

## Career

Scapicchio was a judicial clerk for the Honorable Gerald Gillerman of the Massachusetts Appeals Court. While on the Boston City Council, he served as Vice President as well as chairing the Committees on Aviation, Transportation, Intergovernmental Relations, and Economic Development.

## Education

Scapicchio graduated from the Boston Latin School and went on to earn a B.A. from Tufts University, J.D. from Northeastern University School of Law, and a Masters of Public Administration from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government.
# Columella (gastropod)

The columella (meaning "little column") or (in older texts) pillar is a central anatomical feature of a coiled snail shell, a gastropod shell. The columella is often only clearly visible as a structure when the shell is broken, sliced in half vertically, or viewed as an X-ray image.
The columella runs from the apex of the shell to the midpoint of the undersurface of the shell, or the tip of the siphonal canal in those shells which have a siphonal canal. If a snail shell is visualized as a cone of shelly material which is wrapped around a central axis, then the columella more or less coincides spatially with the central axis of the shell. In the case of shells that have an umbilicus, the columella is a hollow structure.
The columella of some groups of gastropod shells can have a number of plications or folds (the columellar fold, plaits or plicae), which are usually visible when looking to the inner lip into the aperture of the shell. These folds can be wide or narrow, prominent or subtle. These features of the columella are often useful in identifying the family, genus, or species of the gastropod.
The surface of the columella is called the columellar wall. The columellar callus is a smooth, calcareous thickening, secreted by the mantle, extending over the columellar area. The columellar lip, the visible part of the columella, is the lower part of the inner lip and is situated near the axis of coiling. A columellar tooth is a raised projection on the inner lip of a columella in the direction of the aperture.

## Columellar muscles

The soft parts of the body of the gastropod are held in place in the shell by the columellar muscles. These muscles are attached strongly to the columella itself not just far up in the apex of the shell but also by a long and narrow attachment over the length of a full whorl along the columella. The columellar muscle passes underneath the mantle, greatly thickening the body wall, through the foot and is attached at its other end to inner face of the operculum (if present).
The columellar muscles are contracted when the animal needs to withdraw the foot, head, and other soft parts into the shell for protection from drying out, and from predators. During these contractions the operculum and shell are approximated, and the animal is withdrawn within the latter. The columellar muscles are equally used to bring the soft body out of the shell. During protraction and retraction, the muscle twists, shortens or elongates.
In very large gastropods such as the queen conch (Aliger gigas) once the columellar muscles are cut with a knife, the soft parts of the animal fall out of the shell easily. Conch fishermen in the Caribbean Sea break a small hole in the spire of the shell, cut the columellar muscles, and harvest the live meat of this species. Often the fishermen dump the empty shell back into the sea again.
# A Gutter Magdalene

A Gutter Magdalene is a lost 1916 American drama silent film directed by George Melford and written by Clinton Stagg. The film stars Fannie Ward, Jack Dean, Charles West, William Elmer, Gertrude Kellar and Ronald Bradbury. The film was released on June 4, 1916, by Paramount Pictures.

## Plot

Maida Carrington (Fannie Ward) goes to a city with a gambler (Charles West) but runs away after she witnesses the gambler steal money from Steve Boyce (Jack Dean). The woman takes a job with the Salvation Army and after that she meets Steve again because he now has no money and needs help. They fall in love and Steve asks her to marry him, but Maida thinks she isn't a good match for him because of her past association with the gambler. She goes and finds the gambler and tries to get him to return the money to Steve. He refuses and they struggle, and Maida accidentally shoots him with his own gun. The sheriff knows about the gambler and clears her of the murder charge. After that, the woman returns the money to Steve and agrees to marry him.

## Cast

* Fannie Ward as Maida Carrington
* Jack Dean as Steve Boyce
* Charles West as Jack Morgan
* William Elmer as Halpin
* Gertrude Kellar as Helen
* Ronald Bradbury as Sheriff Barrett
* James Neill as Goodwin
# Wien Atzgersdorf railway station

Wien Atzgersdorf is a railway station serving Atzgersdorf in the 23rd District of Vienna.