OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deutsche Flugsicherung

Deutsche Flugsicherung (DFS) is the company in charge of air traffic control for Germany. It is a company organized under private law and 100% owned by the Federal Republic of Germany. Since January 1993, DFS has been controlling air traffic in Germany. In Germany, military and civil air traffic controllers work side by side. Since 1994, DFS has been responsible for the handling of both civil and military air traffic in peacetime. Only military aerodromes are exempted from this integration.

## History

DFS was formed by the Bundesanstalt für Flugsicherung [de] (BFS). The BFS was established in 1953 and closed in January 1993. Previously, DFS was founded as a private GmbH.

## Running costs and fees

DFS's running costs are covered by applicable route charges ("Flugsicherungsgebühren", collected by Eurocontrol for its 37 participating member states) and by approach and departure fees (determination by the BMVI by ordinance and collected directly by DFS)
According to the Gesellschaftsvertrag, DFS is a not-for-profit company. Any surpluses generated must also be repaid in accordance with the internationally accepted principles for the collection of air navigation charges to airspace users.

## Area control centers

DFS operates four area control centers located in:
* Bremen
* Langen, Hesse (HQ)
* Karlsruhe
* Munich

## Towers

DFS operates the air navigation services on behalf and at its own expense, as defined by the BMVI at the following airports:
* Berlin-Brandenburg – EDDB
* Bremen – EDDW
* Dresden – EDDC
* Düsseldorf – EDDL
* Erfurt – EDDE
* Frankfurt – EDDF
* Hamburg – EDDH
* Hanover – EDDV
* Cologne / Bonn – EDDK
* Leipzig / Halle – EDDP
* Munich – EDDM
* Munster / Osnabrück – EDDG
* Nuremberg – EDDN
* Saarbrücken – EDDR
* Stuttgart – EDDS

## Subsidiaries

The subsidiary DFS Aviation Services GmbH provides air navigations services at the following regional airports of Germany:
* Dortmund
* Niederrhein-Weeze
* Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden
* Memmingen
* Mönchengladbach
* Paderborn-Lippstadt
* Lahr
* Friedrichshafen
* Magdeburg-Cochstedt
* Braunschweig-Wolfsburg,
* Emden via Remote Tower Center at Braunschweig-Wolfsburg airport
DFS Aviation Services GmbH has the following own subsidiaries:
* DFS Aviation Services Bahrain: Air Traffic Services in Bahrain
* FREQUENTIS DFS AEROSENSE: Joint Venture with FREQUENTIS for the marketing of Remote Tower Systems
* Air Navigation Solutions: Air Traffic Services at Edinburgh Airport
* DFS Aviation Services Lima: Apron control at Lima airport
* DFS Aviation Services Singapore: Consulting services in South East Asia
* DFS Aviation Services Beijing: Consulting services in China

## Trivia

The DFS develops and uses Linux based Software for their purpose.
# Donald Kenneth McLeod

Donald Kenneth McLeod KCIE, CB, DSO, DL (19 June 1885 – 25 October 1958) was a British Indian Army officer.

## Military career

McLeod was commissioned into the Indian Army on 29 November 1904. He earned recognition with his appointment as a companion of the Distinguished Service Order in the 1917 New Year Honours during the First World War.
He became commanding officer Guides Cavalry in India in 1928, commander of the 4th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade in 1933 and commander of the 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade in 1934. He went on to be Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Northern Command, India in 1937 and, having been appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 11 May 1937, he became General Officer Commanding Burma Command in January 1939 before retiring in 1942.
He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1942 New Year Honours.
He became a Deputy Lieutenant for Inverness-shire in 1955.
# Athletics at the 1934 British Empire Games – Men's 4 × 440 yards relay

The men's 4 × 440 yards relay event at the 1934 British Empire Games was held on 7 August at the White City Stadium in London, England.

## Results

| Nation | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| England | Denis Rathbone, Geoffrey Blake, Crew Stoneley, Godfrey Rampling | 3:16.8 | GR |
| Canada | William Fritz, John Addison, Art Scott, Ray Lewis | 3:17.2e | +3 yd |
| Scotland | Ronnie Wallace, Ronald Wylde, Hamish Stothard, Alan Hunter | ?:??.? | +120 yd |
| Australia | | DNS | |
# Gerald Elliott

Gerald Elliott (1907–1982) was a British screenwriter.

## Filmography

* Lieutenant Daring R.N. (1935)
* Jubilee Window (1935)
* Cross Currents (1935)
* A Star Fell from Heaven (1936)
* Birds of a Feather (1936)
* Pay Box Adventure (1936)
* Strange Cargo (1936)
* Men of Yesterday (1936)
* Hearts of Humanity (1936)
* Cafe Mascot (1936)
* Two on a Doorstep (1936)
* Full Speed Ahead (1936)
* Double Exposures (1937)
* Museum Mystery (1937)
* Our Fighting Navy (1937)
* The Frog (1937)
* Twin Faces (1937)
* Holiday's End (1937)
* The Song of the Road (1937)
* The Fatal Hour (1937)
* Dial 999 (1938)
* Silver Top (1938)
* Return of the Frog (1938)
* No Parking (1938)
* Inspector Hornleigh (1938)
* Blondes for Danger (1938)
* Sword of Honour (1939)
* Sons of the Sea (1939)
* All at Sea (1940)
* The Great Mr. Handel (1942)
# David Steinberg (journalist)

David Steinberg (1932 – March 8, 2017) was a journalist for the New York Herald Tribune and president of PR Newswire. He received the first distinguished business journalism award for newspapers in 1958.

## Early life

Steinberg was born to Rosalie and Harry Steinberg in the Bronx, New York, in 1932. He had a sister named Abby. Steinberg attended DeWitt Clinton High School in the Bronx and graduated from the City College of New York (CCNY) in 1953.

## Career
### New York Herald Tribune

Steinberg started working for the New York Herald Tribune in junior high school as a messenger collecting hand-written stock quotes for the newspaper's financial statisticians. In college, he was the Tribune's college correspondent for CCNY. He became a copy editor in the business and financial news department before graduating. He was the newspaper's business editor by 1956.
Writing for the Tribune, Steinberg traveled extensively and interviewed heads of state, including Fidel Castro.
In 1958, Steinberg was honored with one of the first two Gerald Loeb Awards, the first awards for distinguished business and financial journalism.

### New York Report

During the 1962–1963 New York City newspaper strike, Steinberg took a temporary job as the financial editor for the New York Report, a newspaper published during the strike by the owners of Il Progresso Italo-Americano, an Italian-language newspaper. Steinberg convinced PR Newswire to provide their newswire receiver so that he could report financial news without reporters.

### PR Newswire

PR Newswire founder Herb Muschel, impressed by Steinberg's use of his service during the strike, recruited Steinberg for a management position. He joined the company after the strike.
Steinberg continued as the vice president and chief of operations after the company was acquired by Western Union in 1970. He became president of the company in 1976.
His contributions to the company included being a major architect of the company's international network. During his tenure as president, the service became a state-of-the-art communications network with 700 employees.
Steinberg retired in 1992. He continued as vice chairman of the company. He served as chairman of Canada Newswire until 2002.

## Personal life

Steinberg and his wife Anne had two sons, Howard and Michael.
His sister, Abby, was a record company representative who married songwriter and music publisher Aaron Schroeder on October 31, 1967.
Rosalie, Steinberg's mother, died in 1979.
Steinberg died on March 8, 2017, from surgery complications.

## Awards

* 1958: Gerald Loeb Award for Newspapers

## Professional affiliations

* Governor of he New York Financial Writers Association
* President of the World Trade Writers Association
* Member of the Deadline Chapter of Sigma Delta Chi
* Member of the Society of Professional Journalists
* Member of The Silurians Press Club
# George Wilbur Peck

George Wilbur Peck (September 28, 1840 – April 16, 1916) was an American writer and politician from Wisconsin. He served as the 17th governor of Wisconsin and the 29th mayor of Milwaukee.

## Biography

Peck was born in 1840 in Henderson, New York, the oldest of three children of David B. and Alzina P. (Joslin) Peck. In 1843, the family moved to what is now Cold Spring, Wisconsin. Peck attended public school until age 15 when he was apprenticed in the printing trade. He married Francena Rowley in 1860 and they had two sons. In 1863 he enlisted in the 4th Wisconsin Cavalry Regiment as a private. He was taken prisoner and held at Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia. After he was released in a prisoner exchange, he was appointed to the United States Military Academy by Abraham Lincoln. He was promoted to lieutenant and served until the regiment mustered out in 1866.
Peck became a newspaper publisher who founded newspapers in Ripon and La Crosse, Wisconsin. His La Crosse newspaper, The Sun, was founded in 1874. In 1878 Peck moved the newspaper to Milwaukee, renaming it Peck's Sun. The weekly newspaper contained Peck's humorous writings, including his famous "Peck's Bad Boy" stories.
In the spring of 1890, Peck ran for mayor of Milwaukee. A Democrat, Peck was elected despite a Republican majority in the city. The state's Democratic leaders took notice and made Peck the party's nominee for the 1890 gubernatorial race. Peck won the election, beating the incumbent William Hoard, and resigned as Milwaukee's mayor on November 11, 1890. He was reelected as governor in 1892, defeating Republican John C. Spooner, but lost a third term to William Upham in 1894. He ran again in 1904 but lost to the incumbent Robert M. La Follette Sr.
Peck died in 1916 in Milwaukee at age 75 of Bright's disease and was buried at Forest Home Cemetery. After his death, his "Peck's Bad Boy" writings became the basis for several films and a short-lived television show, including Peck's Bad Boy and Peck's Bad Girl.
His former home in La Crosse is located in what is now known as the 10th and Cass Streets Neighborhood Historic District.

## Works

* Peck's Fun, 1879 (copy)
* Peck's Sunshine, 1882 (copy)
* Peck's Bad Boy and His Pa, 1883
* Will He Marry Her? A Domestic Drama for Home Reading, 1885
* How Private Geo. W. Peck Put Down the Rebellion, 1887 (copy)
* Pecks Irish Friend Phelan Geoheagan 1887
* Peck's Uncle Ike and the Red Headed Boy, 1899 (copy)
* Peck's Bad Boy Abroad, 1904 (copy)
* Peck's Bad Boy with the Circus, 1905 (copy)
* Peck's Bad Boy with the Cowboys, 1907
* Peck's Bad Boy in an Airship, 1908 (copy)
Peck's Bad Boy and the Groceryman 1883
# Henry Durant

Henry Durant (June 18, 1802 in Acton, Massachusetts – January 22, 1875 in Oakland, California) was an American minister and educator. He was the founding president of the University of California. Durant also served as Mayor of Oakland.

## Biography

Durant attended Phillips Academy and the Andover Theological Seminary in Andover, Massachusetts; he then studied for the ministry at Yale College, from which he graduated in 1827. In 1833 he was ordained pastor of the Congregational church of Byfield, Massachusetts. In the same year, he married Mary E. Buffett of Stanwich, Connecticut.

## Career

After serving in the ministry for 16 years, he resigned his pastorate and became headmaster of the Dummer Academy (today known as The Governor's Academy) in Byfield. He held that position from 1849 to 1852.
In 1853, Durant came to California and founded the Contra Costa Academy, as a private school for boys. In 1855, the school was chartered as the College of California.
The college later disincorporated and merged with the state of California's Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College to create the University of California in 1868. Durant was elected the first president of the University of California on August 16, 1870, and resigned only two years later in order to relinquish the position to a younger man (Daniel Coit Gilman). In 1873, the University of California moved to its new Berkeley campus.
Old age did not keep Durant from being elected the 16th mayor of Oakland, although he only served for three years before dying in office, on January 22, 1875.
# Robert W. Speer

Robert Walter Speer (December 1, 1855 – May 14, 1918) was elected mayor of Denver, Colorado three times. He served two four-year terms in office from 1904 to 1912. He died from Influenza, early on in the worldwide epidemic of that year on May 14, 1918, while halfway through a third term in office that had started in 1916.

## Biography

Speer was born in Mount Union, Pennsylvania, on December 1, 1855. He married Kate Thrush, his childhood sweetheart, in 1882.
As an adherent of the City Beautiful movement, Speer initiated several projects that added new landmarks, updated existing facilities, and signed Speer Amendment for non-political administration, and dropped his Democrat affiliation in 1916 When elected to third term; improved the city's landscape including:
* City Auditorium, site of the 1908 Democratic National Convention
* The Civic Center
* Denver Mountain Parks
* The Denver Zoo expansion from 1906 to 1918.
* Denver Museum of Nature and Science
* The paving and graveling of many of the city's remaining dirt streets
* An urban forestry program that eventually distributed 110,000 free shade trees to city residents
Speer was the first mayor of Denver to die while serving in office. Speer Boulevard in Denver is named in his honor. He is buried in Fairmount Cemetery in Denver.
# José de Jesús Noé

José de Jesús Noé (1805 – 17 March 1862) was a Californio politician, soldier, and ranchero, who served as the 7th and 12th Alcalde of San Francisco. He is the last Hispanic Californian (Californio) to serve as Mayor of San Francisco.

## Life

In 1845, Noé was granted the land known as Rancho San Miguel, which covered the neighborhoods now known as Noe Valley, Eureka Valley, Fairmont Heights, Glen Park and Sunnyside.
Following U.S. military occupation of Yerba Buena in the Mexican–American War, Noé became alcalde again in 1846, becoming the last man born in the Viceroyalty of New Spain to serve in that office (the office of alcalde was abolished with adoption of the California Constitution in 1849). Noé was appointed alcalde by U.S. Navy Commodore Robert F. Stockton, under his authority as military governor of the occupied territory. Also appointed alcalde, and serving concurrently with Noé, was Navy Lt. Washington Allon Bartlett. As a military officer, Bartlett was a direct representative of the military governor, functionally similar to the office of prefect in the Mexican system. One of the last acts of the Noé/Bartlett year was to rename Yerba Buena to its current name, San Francisco.
Following his death in 1862, Noé was interred at Mission San Francisco de Asís.
# James L. Hill

James L. Hill (1834 – 1888) was Mayor of Madison, Wisconsin. He held the office from 1872 to 1873.
# Elbrus (given name)

Elbrus (Russian: Эльбрус) is a male given name, after Mount Elbrus.
Notable people with the name include:
* Elbrus Abbasov (1950–2020), Azerbaijani footballer
* Elbrus Allahverdiyev (1958–1993), Azerbaijani soldier
* Elbrus Isakov (born 1981), Azerbaijani alpine skier
* Elbrus Tandelov (born 1982), Russian footballer
* Elbrus Tedeyev (born 1974), Ukrainian wrestler
* Elbrus Zurayev (born 1982), Russian footballer
# Nadole, Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Nadole is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dukla, within Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south-west of Dukla, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Krosno, and 59 km (37 mi) south-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Opponens digiti minimi muscle of hand

The opponens digiti minimi (opponens digiti quinti in older texts) is a muscle in the hand. It is of a triangular form, and placed immediately beneath the palmaris brevis, abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi brevis. It is one of the three hypothenar muscles that control the little finger.
It arises from the convexity of the hamulus of the hamate bone and the contiguous portion of the transverse carpal ligament; it is inserted into the whole length of the metacarpal bone of the little finger, along its ulnar margin.
The opponens digiti minimi muscle serves to flex and laterally rotate the 5th metacarpal about the 5th carpometacarpal joint, as when bringing the little finger and thumb into opposition. It is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.
# Prebble

Prebble as a surname may refer to the following:
* Antonia Prebble, New Zealand actress
* John Prebble, English/Canadian journalist
* Lee Prebble, New Zealand record producer
* Lucy Prebble, British writer
* Mark Prebble, New Zealand public service commissioner
* Michael Prebble, leader of Scott Base for whom Prebble Glacier is named.
* Peter Prebble, Canadian politician
* Richard Prebble, New Zealand politician
* Sam Prebble, New Zealand game developer
* Simon Prebble, English actor and narrator
* Stuart Prebble, English broadcasting executive and author
* Tom Prebble, New Zealand educationalist and university administrator
* W.M. Prebble, geologist after whom the Antarctic features Prebble Formation and Prebble Icefalls are named
# Wiesław Kuc

Wiesław Stefan Kuc (born 2 September 1949 in Sokołów Podlaski) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for LU, is the economist and agriculture expert of EP delegation of Self-Defense and sits on the European Parliament's Committee on Budgets.
Initially, he was a non-attached like the other members of his party, but on 1 December 2004, he joined
the Socialist Group together with Bogdan Golik. He rejoined his Samoobrona colleagues in the Union for Europe of the Nations group in December 2006, leaving Golik alone with the Socialists.
Kuc is a substitute for the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and a member of the Delegation to the EU-Bulgaria Joint Parliamentary Committee.

## Biography

* Master of Engineering specialising in agricultural consultancy from the Warsaw Agricultural University, Department of Agriculture
* 1973: Started working at the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Statistics at the Warsaw Agricultural University
* Whilst working as a teacher, completed a year's educational training at Goshen College, Indiana, U.S.
* 1978-1984: head specialist in the National Association of Agricultural Circles and Organisations
* Until 1986, he worked at the Bureau for Youth Affairs of the Cabinet Office
* Department director at the Patent Office, taking up a similar position at the Export Development Bank S.A in 1988.
* From 1991 to 1997, he worked in the Bank Handlowo-Kredytowy, Merkury Bank S.A., Prosper Bank, Bank Staropolski S.A and the KIB Bank in Ukraine.
* Set up own business in 1997
* Chairman of the board of ESBEO Sp. z o.o and Wisla Consulting Sp. z o.o
* 2003: President of the Bialski Furniture Company S.A
* Gained varied professional experience abroad in fields such as agriculture, banking, human resources management in: USA, the Netherlands, Turkey, Austria, Denmark, Hungary, Ukraine, Bulgaria, United Kingdom.
# Xhezair Shaqiri

Xhezair Shaqiri (Macedonian: Џезаир Шаќири; born 15 May 1965), also known as Commander Hoxha, is a Macedonian politician of Albanian descent, former member of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and commander of the National Liberation Army (NLA).

## Life

Xhezair Shaqiri was born on 15 May 1965 in Tanuševci, SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia. In 1998 he joined the KLA as a soldier. During his participation in the Kosovo War, he first participated in the Battle of Glođane, in which the Yugoslav Army was defeated and had to retreat. He later was put into a unit under the command of Agim Ramadani with who he fought the Yugoslav Army during the Koshare ambush.
After the Kosovo War, he joined the National Liberation Army (NLA) during the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia, becoming one of the first NLA commanders and was active in the Karadak region mainly in the villages of Tanuševci, Lipkovo and Aračinovo. He led the first NLA group into Tanuševci in mid-February. According to the Macedonian Ministry of Interior, he was the direct perpetrator of the murder of a police officer, in the shopping center Chairchanka in Skopje. After the war, he joined the party National Democratic Party, taking some of his former soldiers with him. He was also a deputy in the Macedonian parliament. In 2007, he claimed to be in control of Tanuševci, wanting to secede and join Kosovo.
On 24 July 2001, he was placed on the Macedonian blacklist of citizens and 3 days later he was placed on the blacklist list of US President George W. Bush.
In May 2018, then-Macedonian Prime Minister Zoran Zaev appointed him as an adviser to the office of prime minister in the field of internal security and radicalism. VMRO-DPMNE condemned his appointment. He resigned from the position due to the public reaction against him.
# Memo (nickname)

Memo is a nickname, often of Guillermo. People with the nickname include:
* Memo Acevedo, Colombian-born Canadian-American jazz drummer, percussionist, composer, arranger, bandleader and educator
* Memo Benassi (1886–1957), Italian film actor
* Memo Gidley (born 1970), Mexican-American race car driver
* Guillermo Gonzalez (soccer) (born 1986), American soccer player
* Guillermo Gracida Jr. (born 1956), Mexican polo player
* Memo Luna (born 1930), Mexican baseball player
* Guillermo Ochoa (born 1985), Mexican soccer player
* Mehmet Okur (born 1979), Turkish basketball player
* Memo Rojas (born 1981), Mexican race car driver
* Guillermo Valencia (footballer), Colombian football player and coach