OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andrew Stewart (American politician, died 1872)

Andrew Stewart (June 11, 1791 – July 16, 1872) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Early life

Andrew Stewart was born on June 11, 1791, near Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Washington College (now Washington & Jefferson College) in Washington, Pennsylvania. He was one of the founders of the Union Literary Society at Washington College. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1815.

## Career

Stewart commenced practice in Uniontown. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1815 to 1818. He was appointed by President James Monroe as the first U.S. District Attorney for the newly created United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania based in Pittsburgh, serving until 1821.
Stewart was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Seventeenth Congress, reelected as a Jackson Republican to the Eighteenth Congress, elected as a Jacksonian to the Nineteenth Congress, and reelected as an Adams candidate to the Twentieth Congress. He was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second and Twenty-third Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1834.
Stewart was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Manufactures during the Thirtieth Congress. In 1848 he declined to be a candidate for renomination. He was given the nickname "Tariff Andy" for his association with tariffs.
He was affiliated with the Republican Party, and was a delegate at the 1860 Republican National Convention. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1870. He was largely interested in building and real estate. He was instrumental in the construction of Madison College.

## Personal life

Stewart was the father of Andrew Stewart, who also served as U.S. Representative.
Stewart died on July 16, 1872, in Uniontown and was interred in Union Cemetery.
# La Bohème (2009 film)

La Bohème is a 2009 short film directed by Werner Herzog. The four-minute film features images of life in Ethiopia set to the duet "O soave fanciulla" from Puccini's opera La bohème, sung by Peter Auty and Mary Plazas. It was part of a series of short films commissioned by Sky Arts and English National Opera.

## Cast

* Peter Auty as Rodolfo (voice)
* Mary Plazas as Mimi (voice)
# Arthur Lewis (Australian politician)

Arthur Lewis (22 April 1882 – 11 April 1975) was an Australian politician. Born in Melbourne, he received no formal education and was raised in an orphanage. He became a farm labourer and was secretary of the Victorian branch of the Carters and Drivers Union.
In 1929, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Labor member for Corio. He publicly supported the prohibition of alcohol, stating that he "regretted that it was not possible for the whole Labor Party to support prohibition". He was defeated in 1931.
After leaving federal politics, Lewis worked as a clerk with the Queensland Prohibition League. He made unsuccessful attempts at Labor preselection for the 1934 federal election, 1937 Victorian state election and 1940 federal election. Lewis died in 1975.
# Natalia Kowalska (chess player)

Natalia Kowalska (1918 – unknown) was a Polish chess master. She was a Women's World Chess Championship participant (1935).

## Biography

In 1935, Natalia Kowalska participated in the first final of the Polish Women's Chess Championship and ranked 5th place. Also she participated in the Warsaw Women's Chess Championship twice, where in 1935 Natalia Kowalska ranked 2nd place, and in 1936 she shared 6th – 8th place.
In 1935, in Warsaw Natalia Kowalska participated in the Women's World Chess Championship and shared 9th - 10th place (tournament won by Vera Menchik).
# Takam Mising Porin Kebang

The Takam Mising Porin Kébang (TMPK) , or All Mising Students' Union, is a pioneering organization dedicated to advancing the rights, culture, and socio-political representation of the Mising tribe in Assam. Established during a transformative period for tribal communities in Northeast India, TMPK has evolved into a formidable institution advocating for the holistic development of the Mising people. Through its sustained efforts in education, political awareness, cultural preservation, and community welfare, TMPK has become a symbol of hope and progress for the Misings.

## History

Formation and Early Goals
TMPK traces its origins to 1971, emerging from the North East Frontier Agency Students' Union. It was formally renamed Takam Mising Porin Kebang in 1982 at Jonai Higher Secondary School to align more closely with the identity and aspirations of the Mising people. During the early years, TMPK focused on addressing issues such as lack of access to education, underrepresentation in government policies, and cultural erosion.
Role in Assam Agitation
During the Assam Movement (1979–1985), TMPK took an active part in protecting the interests of tribal and marginalized groups. It ensured that the voices of the Mising people were heard amidst growing concerns over illegal immigration, resource allocation, and tribal rights. TMPK also played a critical role in the movement for the establishment of the Mising Autonomous Council (MAC) in 1995.

## Demand for inclusion of MAC in the Sixth Schedule

TMPK is leading the movement of the Mising tribals demand for the inclusion of the Mising Autonomous Council (MAC) into an Autonomous District as per the sixth schedule of the Constitution of India.
# Edmund W. M. Mackey

Edmund William McGregor Mackey (March 8, 1846 – January 27, 1884) was a lawyer, state representative, and United States Representative from South Carolina. He was a leader in the Republican Party.

## Life and career

Born in Charleston, his father was Dr. Albert Mackey, who was the primary founder of Scottish Rite Freemasonry.
Edmund became a representative after the end of the American Civil War. An active Republican, he was nominated to be a delegate from Charleston for the constitutional convention of South Carolina in 1868. He was admitted to the bar in 1868 and practiced law in Charleston while also serving as sheriff and alderman.
Mackey was elected as a Republican to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1872. He campaigned successfully in 1874 as an Independent Republican for the Second Congressional District. The 44th Congress declared his seat vacant on July 19, 1876.
He was elected again to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1876 and claimed to be the Speaker after a tumultuous campaign in the state, marked by violence and intimidation. Republicans disputed the election of Democratic Representatives from Edgefield and Laurens counties because of massive fraud in the election and the barring of freedmen from the polls by Democratic Party Red Shirts. Following the South Carolina Supreme Court's decision to allow seating of elected legislators from Edgefield and Laurens counties, rival state governments assembled. Mackey and the Republican legislators occupied the South Carolina State House with the support of Federal troops.
The order of President Hayes to remove Federal troops from South Carolina on April 10, 1877, a result of a political compromise ended the Republicans' struggle to control state government. The Democrats annulled the election of representatives from Charleston County, including Edmund Mackey.
Mackey continued to be active in public life serving as an assistant United States attorney for South Carolina from 1878 to 1881. Mackey attempted to win election as a Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina, but lost the election against Michael P. O’Connor for the 2nd congressional district in 1878 and failed to have the Democratic-controlled House overturn the election. With the Republican takeover of the House for the Forty-seventh Congress, Mackey succeeded in replacing Samuel Dibble for the House seat. Re-elected in 1882 from the Seventh Congressional District, Mackey died during the term in Washington, D.C., on January 27, 1884.

## Personal life

In 1874, he married his wife, Victoria Sumter, who was part African American. They had two sons.
# Rajeshwari Dholakia

Rajeshwari Dholakia Antani (born 26 December 1959) is a former Test and One Day International cricketer who represented India. A left-handed allrounder, she played four Test matches and 13 One Day Internationals for India, appearing at the 1978 and 1982 Women's Cricket World Cups.
Antani moved to the United States in the 1990s, settling in Houston, Texas. She has continued her involvement with cricket as a coach and in 2023 was named on the selection panel for the United States women's national cricket team.
# Euphorbia sikkimensis

Euphorbia sikkimensis, called the Sikkim spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Euphorbia, native to Nepal, the eastern Himalayas, Tibet, south-central and southeast China, Myanmar, and Vietnam. It grows in alpine meadows, sparse forests, and scrub. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# T2 (Tram İzmir)

T2 Konak Tram (Turkish: Konak Tramvayı) is a 12.8 km (8.0 mi) urban light rail transit (LRT) system in Konak district of İzmir, Turkey and is one of the three lines of Tram İzmir. The line serves 19 stations and began operating on 24 April 2018.
The tram line runs between Fahrettin Altay Square, Konak and Halkapınar. It is part of the Karşıyaka and Konak Tram project of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, which cost nearly ₺ 450 million (approx. US$120 million).
The Konak tram is operated by the İzmir Metro. It has 21 tramcars, produced by Hyundai Rotem plant in Adapazarı. The double-ended 32 m (105 ft)-long five-module tramcars are each 43.1 t heavy. They have 48 seating capacity, and can carry up to 285 passengers each. Service speed is 24 km/h (15 mph), and top speed is 70 km/h (43 mph). The tramcars run on standard track gauge at 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in). The electrification system of the tramcars is 750 V DC. The line has a communications-based train control (CBTC) signalling system.
# David Thoday

David Thoday FRS (5 May 1883 – 30 March 1964) was a botanist.

## Career

Thoday was Harry Bolus professor of botany, University of Cape Town and later professor at the University College of North Wales 1923–1949. As a botanist, his work is denoted by the author abbreviation Thoday when citing a botanical name.

## Awards and honours

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1942. His nomination reads
   Professor of Botany in the University College of North Wales, Bangor. Distinguished for researches in plant physiology and causal anatomy, in which he has carried out work over a wide field. In his earlier work he made important contributions to our knowledge of photosynthesis and respiration. This was followed by investigations on the water relations of plants in which particular attention was paid to the problems of microphylly. His later work has dealt with growth and differentiation in Compositae, and more especially with succulent members of this family, as exemplified in particular by 'Kleina articulata'. He has also made a number of contributions to taxonomy, including a revision of the genus 'Passerina'.

## Personal life

He married fellow botanist and activist Mary Gladys Sykes in 1910. Their son was the geneticist John Thoday.
# La Chair de l'orchidée

La Chair de l'orchidée (The Flesh of the Orchid) is a 1975 film by Patrice Chéreau as his directorial debut, adapted by him and by Jean-Claude Carrière from the 1948 book The Flesh of the Orchid by British writer James Hadley Chase, "a pulp-novel sequel to No Orchids for Miss Blandish" (1939). The film stars Charlotte Rampling, Simone Signoret, Bruno Cremer, Edwige Feuillère and, in a cameo, Alida Valli.

## Plot

Claire is locked up in an isolated building in the grounds of a psychiatric hospital, where the gardener comes in regularly to rape her. Obtaining a knife, she stabs his eyes out and flees. Getting a lift in a lorry, it crashes when the driver has his eyes stabbed out; Emerging from the wreckage, she is rescued by Louis who, with an unstable colleague Marcucci, is on his way to a business meeting in a hotel. While Louis is in the meeting, Marcucci tries to rape Claire and gets his eyes stabbed out. Claire flees and Marcucci, unable to defend himself, is then knifed to death by contract killers, the Berekian brothers.
Louis rescues Claire and takes her back to his isolated house, where they spend the night making love. However the Berekians are waiting outside and, when the couple emerge, get a knife into Louis. Claire rescues him, leaving him in a safe place while she goes in search of a doctor. She is recognised by a nurse from the psychiatric hospital, who alerts her aunt who placed her there. In fact she is the heiress to a business empire, which her aunt controls so long as Claire is mentally unfit. Locked up by the nurse, Claire is found by the Berekians, who abduct her as a bargaining counter. The aunt finds the wounded Louis, who she locks up as a bargaining counter.
The Berekians lock Claire up in the care of Lady, a colleague from the days when all three were circus performers. Feeling sorry for the girl, Lady tells her that she is the result of her dead mother's affair with a circus artiste and lets her escape; As she waits for a train, she is told by an older woman that she is recognisably insane. She goes to her aunt's house, where Louis is a prisoner, and reunites with him. The accountant of the family firm tells her it is going downhill through the aunt's mismanagement and that, as the rightful owner, she should take charge.
The Berekians sneak in and manage to murder Louis, but Claire stabs out the eyes of one of them. The police arrive and, wounded in her struggle, Claire is taken to a hospital. Lady sneaks in to her with a bunch of flowers, but the two are found by the surviving Berekian. He kills Lady and, after a flashback to a moment of horror when he accidentally killed the woman he loved, commits suicide. With the two bodies on either side of her hospital bed, Claire gets on the phone to the accountant to start running her business.
# Hurricane Peak

Hurricane Peak is a 13,447-foot-elevation (4,099-meter) mountain summit located in San Juan County of southwest Colorado, United States. It is situated equidistant between the historic towns of Ouray and Silverton, and is approximately nine miles west of the Continental Divide. It is part of the San Juan Mountains which are a subset of the Rocky Mountains. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises 1,200 feet (370 meters) above Lake Como in one-half mile. Neighbors include Abrams Mountain 3.4 miles to the north, Red Mountain 2.2 miles to the west, and Tuttle Mountain 1.4 mile to the north. The Mountain Queen Mine, which is located on the east slope of Hurricane Peak at the head of California Gulch, is one of the oldest workings in the area and was most active from 1878 to 1880. The mountain's name, which has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, was in use in 1906 when Henry Gannett published it in the Gazetteer of Colorado.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Hurricane Peak is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter, and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Animas and Uncompahgre Rivers.
# Verónica Leal

Claudia Verónica Leal Balderas (born 15 October 1977) is a Mexican road cyclist. She participated at the UCI Road World Championships on ten occasions between 2004 and 2014.

## Major results

Source:

### 2000

    3rd Road race, National Road Championships

### 2001

    3rd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2004

    4th Time trial, Pan American Road Championships

### 2007

    6th Overall Tour Cycliste Féminin International de l'Ardèche
    7th Overall Giro della Toscana Int. Femminile – Memorial Michela Fanini

### 2008

    1st Stage 6 Vuelta a El Salvador
    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
    7th Time trial, Pan American Road Championships

### 2009

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       1st Time trial

### 2010

    National Road Championships
       1st Road race
       1st Time trial

### 2011

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships
    Pan American Games
       6th Time trial
       10th Road race
    8th Time trial, Pan American Road Championships

### 2012

    7th Time trial, Pan American Road Championships
    10th Grand Prix el Salvador

### 2013

    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2014

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2015

    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2016

    1st Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2017

    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships

### 2021

    2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
# John Gibbons (ironmaster)

John Gibbons (1777-18 August 1851) was a South Staffordshire ironmaster and art patron.

## Career

John was one of three sons of Thomas Gibbons (1730–1813) of The Oaks, Tettenhall, Wolverhampton.
The three brothers, John, Benjamin and Thomas, inherited their father's iron making businesses after his death in 1813 running them as a set of interlocking partnerships. In 1816 a banking side of the business failed bringing the iron business down as well. During the 1820s the brothers built three new furnaces at the Corbyn's Hall Colliery and Ironworks and also worked together at the Ketley works near Dudley. They were early adopters of J. B. Neilson's patent hot-blast technology when it became widely available in the mid-1830s, but there was little they could do to overcome the declining competitiveness of south Staffordshire as a pig iron-producing region, in the face of competition from the Scottish and Cleveland iron industries in the middle of the nineteenth century. The family's problems in the iron trade were for a long time compensated for by the resilience of their coal interests. The long-established Gibbons habit of buying land stood them in good stead, for it furnished them with a good deal of mineral-rich real estate in south Staffordshire. The Corbyn's Hall estate proved a consistent source of wealth in this respect.
John proved to be the most technically adept of the brothers, publishing two short works on industrial practice: Practical Remarks on the Construction of the Staffordshire Blast Furnace (1839) and Practical remarks on the use of the cinder pig in the puddling furnaces, and on the management of the forge and mill (1844).

## Art Patron

Gibbons was one of a new breed of upper middle-class patrons who acquired an extensive collection of contemporary British art. He began this activity while residing in Bristol in the 1810s and early 1820 where he fraternised with and supported local artists, especially Francis Danby and E. V. Rippingille, and participated in an informal sketching club with other collectors and painters. When he moved to Staffordshire in the mid-1820s he continued to support these artists of Bristol as well as expanding his collecting interests to include a broader range of British art. By the time of his death in 1851 his collection is estimated to have exceeded two hundred works of art in a gallery specially built at his London home, 16 Hanover Terrace, Regent's Park. He favoured landscape and genre painting, especially the works of Francis Danby, William Collins, John Linnell, W. P. Frith, C. R. Leslie, Thomas Webster and William Mulready. He is known to have owned Yarmouth Jetty, a painting by John Constable. In 1850, three years after William Collins died, his widow Harriet and their sons, moved next door to the Gibbons family at 17 Hanover Terrace, and later in 1856, when Harriet gave up that house she lived for a while at no.16 with Elizabeth.
John Gibbons, who had a weak constitution all his life, died on 18 August 1851, leaving a widow, Elizabeth Steen (d.1889). He is buried in Highgate Cemetery.
# Clerodendrum chinense

Clerodendrum chinense, called the glory bower, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Clerodendrum. It is native to Nepal, the eastern Himalayas, Assam, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, south-central and southeast China, Southeast Asia, and Malesia. It is a perennial shrub that grows up to 3 m (10 ft) tall.
A popular garden plant, it has been widely introduced to the rest of the world, including Florida, the Caribbean, Bermuda, Central America, the Galápagos, South America, Ascension Island, the Gulf of Guinea islands, East Africa, the Seychelles, Pakistan, India, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Taiwan, the Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, and the Society Islands. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Tamaz Nadareishvili

Tamaz Nadareishvili (Georgian: თამაზ ნადარეიშვილი) (19 July 1954 – 31 August 2004) was a Georgian politician who served as head of the Council of Ministers of Abkhazia, a government-in-exile for the breakaway province.
Nadareishvili was a great grandson of the famous Abkhaz prince Shervashidze. Born and raised in Sukhumi, Nadareishvili attended Sukhumi University, graduated in the early 1980s, and settled down to life as an academic writer.
During the break-up of the Soviet Union, Nadareishvili became involved in Georgian National Liberation movement. After the war in Abkhazia, Nadareishvili was elected by fellow Georgian refugees as the head of an exile government. In the 1990s he served at times in the Georgian parliament, continuing to draw support from refugees, to whom he helped distribute government aid.
As head of the Council, Nadareishvili loudly supported military action to retake Abkhazia. Allegations were made claiming him being involved in paramilitary operations on the Abkhaz/Georgia administrative border. The Forest Brothers under Dato Shengelia and the White Legion under Zurab Samushia were both allegedly associated with the Supreme Council.
Nadareishvili remained neutral during the Rose Revolution that ousted Eduard Shevardnadze in favor of Mikhail Saakashvili. However, Nadareishvili soon faced a revolt of his own, and resigned in January 2004 after a vote of no confidence by the Supreme Council. In 2005 he published a book ("Conspiracy Against Georgia"), which mostly includes information about ethnic cleansing and genocide of Georgian population in Abkhazia.
Nadareishvili died of a heart attack on August 31, 2004.