OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valmeyer, Illinois

Valmeyer is a village in Monroe County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,233 at the 2020 census. It was originally located in the American Bottom floodplain of the Mississippi River but now occupies higher land to the east.

## History

After the Great Flood of 1993 the residents of Valmeyer decided to relocate the town 2 miles (3 km) to the east, on land that is more than 300 feet (91 m) higher than the floodplain. The town was rebuilt with financial assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The old townsite has been described as a ghost town with few inhabitants but still an important traffic artery. Valmeyer's successful relocation is seen as a potential model for other localities retreating from sea level rise.

## Geography

Valmeyer is located in western Monroe County at 38°18′00″N 90°18′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.299904°N 90.308334°W﻿ / 38.299904; -90.308334. Illinois Route 156 runs along the southern edge of the new village and passes through the center of the old village. IL 156 leads east 7 miles (11 km) to Waterloo, the county seat, and west 5 miles (8 km) to its terminus at Harrisonville, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the Mississippi River.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Valmeyer has a total area of 3.45 square miles (8.9 km$^2$), of which 3.42 square miles (8.9 km$^2$) are land and 0.054 square miles (0.14 km$^2$), or 1.56%, are water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 608 people, 222 households, and 166 families residing in the village. The population density was 182.7 inhabitants per square mile (70.5/km$^2$). There were 241 housing units at an average density of 72.4 per square mile (28.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 98.68% White, 0.33% African American, 0.33% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of the population.
There were 222 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.29.
In the village, the age distribution of the population shows 27.8% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.9 males.
The median income for a household in the village was US$53,214 (equivalent to $94,150 in 2023), and the median income for a family was $58,646 (equivalent to $103,761 in 2023). Males had a median income of $38,500 versus $26,838 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,420 (equivalent to $36,129 in 2023). None of the families and 3.0% of the population were living below the poverty threshold, including no under eighteens and 10.2% of those over 64.
# John Kay (cricket journalist)

John Kay (12 January 1910 – 16 February 1999) was a British cricket correspondent for the Manchester Evening News from the end of the Second World War to 1975 and for the Brighton Argus. He toured Australia for the 1950-51 Ashes series for the Manchester Evening News and wrote several cricketing books, including Ashes to Hassett (1951) and Cricket in the Leagues (1970).
Kay played for Middleton in the Central Lancashire League. When Basil d'Oliveira emigrated from South Africa in 1960 because Apartheid banned him from playing first-class cricket, Kay arranged for him to play for Middleton as a professional. He wrote that d'Oliveira was surprised to see white people serving him in restaurants and doing menial work. D'Oliveira later played for Worcestershire (from 1964) and England (from 1966).
Kay's prose style was colourful and he could be critical, as evidenced by these two examples from Ashes to Hassett:
   All Australia honoured Hutton as the world's best batsman, and never did a man play harder or more successfully on his country's behalf…One man cannot make a cricket team, but Len Hutton did the next best thing in Australia last winter. He stood alone. Superb in craftsmanship, magnificent in the hour of stress, veritably a giant among all batsmen and worthy of ranking with such famous names as Hobbs, Sutcliffe, Woolley, Hammond ... they were masters of all they surveyed. So was Hutton.
   The First Test between Australia and England is played nowadays at Brisbane. Nobody seems to know why, and all sorts of arguments are ventilated for and against more cricket Tests on the Woolloongabba ground. I am all in favour of robbing Queensland of its greatest cricketing occasion, for the ground depresses. It is not a cricket ground at all. It is a concentration camp! Wire fences abound. Spectators are herded and sorted out into lots as though for all the world this was a slave market and not a game of cricket. The stands are of wood and filthy to sit on. The dining rooms are barns, without a touch of colour or a picture on the wall. Everywhere there is dust and dirt ... The field is rough, although the wicket is usually a good one until it rains. Then it is a strip of turf with thousands of demons prancing up and down ... at Brisbane only a Hutton could stay, let alone score runs.
# The Tour That Doesn't Tour Tour...Now On Tour

The Tour That Didn't Tour Tour...Now On Tour was a comedy tour by English stand-up comedian Peter Kay. Announced in November 2009, Kay said he would be playing four dates at Manchester Arena, which was later extended to 20 nights in April and May 2010, with a tour entitled The Tour That Doesn't Tour Tour. The reason Kay was restricting the tour to Manchester was so he could be close to his family. During an interview with Jonathan Ross, Kay announced that due to high demand for tickets, he would extend and rename it to The Tour That Doesn't Tour Tour...Now On Tour, taking place in November 2010 and April 2011. The tour was staged at the Manchester Arena, The O2 Arena, London, The O2 Arena, Dublin, The Odyssey Arena, Belfast, Cardiff International Arena, SECC, Glasgow, the Sheffield Arena, the Resorts World Arena, Birmingham, the Utilita Arena Newcastle, and the Liverpool Arena before returning to Manchester.
Singer Rick Astley appeared as a warm-up act in all April and May 2010 dates of the tour, performing various hits including his own.
All shows at the Manchester Arena completely sold out with over 750,000 tickets sold.
On 4 November 2010, extra shows were announced for London, Manchester and Birmingham. It was announced on 12 November that a sixth show was to be added to the O2 in Dublin, with all proceeds going to the Irish Autism Action. Extra shows were added for Belfast, Sheffield, Nottingham, Newcastle and London on 24 November.
The tour was listed in the Guinness World Records for the highest selling stand up comedy tour of all time with 1.2 million tickets sold.

## Records

* Longest individual run at the Manchester Arena performing 20 nights.
* First ever stand-up comedian to play 15 sold out nights at The O2, London.
* The only British artist to ever play 20 consecutive nights at an arena.
* Over one million tickets sold in arenas across the UK and Ireland, making it the biggest stand-up comedy tour in the world.

## Number of shows

* Manchester – Manchester Arena – 40 Shows – Most consecutive nights at venue with 20.
* London – O2 Arena – 15 Shows – Most show by a comedian at venue.
* Dublin – O2 – 6 Shows – Most show by a comedian, most consecutive show by a single artist at venue.
* Birmingham – LG Arena/NIA – 10 Shows, 5 in LG Arena & 5 in NIA
* Belfast – Odyssey Arena – 8 shows
* Cardiff – International Arena – 5 Shows
* Liverpool – Echo Arena – 5 Shows
* Glasgow – SECC – 5 Shows
* Newcastle – Metro Radio Arena – 8 Shows
* Nottingham – Trent FM Arena – 3 Shows
* Sheffield – Motorpoint Arena – 8 Shows
# Tadmur District

Tadmur District (Arabic: منطقة تدمر, romanized: manṭiqat Tadmur) is a district of the Homs Governorate in central Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Tadmur, near ancient Palmyra/Tadmor. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 76,942.

## Sub-districts

The district of Tadmur is divided into two sub-districts or nawāḥī (population as of 2004):
* Tadmur Subdistrict (ناحية تدمر): population 55,062.
* Al-Sukhnah Subdistrct (ناحية السخنة): population 21,880.
# 1968 in Australian soccer

The 1968 season was the seventh season of national competitive association football in Australia and 85th overall.

## Cup competitions
### Australia Cup

The competition began on 29 March 1968. Nineteen clubs had entered the competition with the final two clubs Sydney Hakoah and Melbourne Hakoah qualifying for the Final. Sydney Hakoah won 6–1 on aggregate over Melbourne Hakoah.
# Sidney Marshall

Sir Sidney Horatio Marshall (17 July 1882 – 28 March 1973) was a British businessman and politician. He was Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Sutton and Cheam from 1945 to 1954.
# Acacia redolens

Acacia redolens, commonly known as bank catclaw, prostrate acacia, or desert carpet, is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Plurinerves.

## Description

It is a dense, small to medium-sized shrub that usually reaches heights of 0.5 to 3, rarely up to 5 or even 7 meters. Vegetative parts of the plant and especially the yellow flowers give off an intense vanilla scent. The spreading fragrant shrub typically grows to a height of 0.5 to 3 metres (2 to 10 ft).
It blooms from August to October in its native range, and produces yellow flowers. The small flowers, whose optical effect is based on the yellow stamens, are located in the leaf axils. The brownish legumes are about 25 millimeters long and about 6 millimeters wide.
In California, it blooms from February through May (late winter to late spring). It is commonly planted by freeways and is found throughout Southern California and some parts of the Bay Area.

## Phylogeny

According to the Catalogue of Life, Acacia contains 1067 species. A 2014 phylogenetic study of Acacia in Australia suggests the following phylogenetic relationships:

## Distribution

It is native to an area along the southern coast in the Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions of Western Australia. The plant is considered an invasive weed in areas of California where it was used as a fast growing groundcover along freeways. It is particularly problematic in the San Gabriel Valley and Mission Valley.
Acacia redolens thrives on salty or alkaline loamy, clayey, clayey-loamy or sandy soils and can be used as a groundcover. It occurs on the edges of salt lakes or in salty depressions and can withstand frost down to −7 °C.
# Henry L. Hertz

Henry Lamartine Hertz (November 19, 1847 – July 3, 1926) was an American businessman and politician.

## Biography

Hertz was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, the son of police inspector Martin Hertz (1817–79) and Henriette C. C. Frohbøse (1823–1904). He graduated from the University of Copenhagen with a degree in medicine in 1866. In 1869, Hertz emigrated to the United States and settled in Chicago, Illinois. He was involved with banking and financial institutes. He worked in the Cook County, Illinois recorder office and in the criminal court office. In 1876, Hertz was West Town clerk. In 1885, he served as Cook County Coroner and was a Republican. From 1897 to 1899, Hertz served as Illinois Treasurer. He served as chief clerk of the board of review from 1899 to 1901. From 1901 to 1910, Hertz served as collector of the United States Internal Revenue. In 1912, Hertz supported Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party. Hertz died of a heart attack at his home in Chicago, Illinois. Peter B. Olsen, who served in the Illinois General Assembly, was a close associate of Hertz.
# John Leonard (songwriter)

John Leonard was a Tyneside radical poet and songwriter of the early 19th century. His only dialect song was "Winlaton Hopping".

## Life

It is thought that John Leonard was born in Gateshead, County Durham, but very little is known about him, or his life. His father, George, was a gardener and was a described as "a man of some means" owning some property in either Jackson’s Chare or more likely Leonard’s Court (both long since demolished), near Gateshead High Street.
John Leonard was apprenticed as a joiner, but the date of birth and date and place of death are unknown.
As there are no records of his burial in the Gateshead (St. Mary’s ) register between 1813 and 1852, it is assumed he died elsewhere.
A note on one of his manuscripts states that it was partly written during a three months' imprisonment. There is no further record of the offence, place or time, but as he was a radical, and was in favour of Irish Nationalism, writing a poem in praise of Charles James Fox and another denouncing William Pitt, it was possible brought about by his actions over this point.

## Works

His output was considerable and included were :-
* Winlaton Hopping – the only dialect poem he wrote, the remainder were of a political and general nature – written c 1814 – The Winlaton Hopping is thought to date back to Saxon times. It was on the weekend after 14 May and was an important weekend in the village.
* Derwent Volunteers – A Song written to encourage the men of Derwentside to join the war against Napoleon.
* Lamentation and confession of a crimp - Song about the activities of a press-gang agent.

## Collections

A volume of manuscripts of his poetry written c1813 and of between three or four hundred pages, is kept in the Reference Library, Newcastle.
A small collection of his poems of 36 pages was published in 1808 by Marshall’s, of Gateshead.
# Carlisle Moody

Carlisle E. Moody (born May 2, 1943) is an American economist, criminologist, and professor of economics at the College of William & Mary.

## Education

Moody received his B.A. from Colby College and his M.A. (1966) and Ph.D. (1970) from the University of Connecticut, all in economics.

## Research

Moody has done research on the relationship between gun laws and crime. He has also published studies pertaining to other subjects in the field of criminology, such as the effectiveness of increasing the prison population on crime rates. In a 1995 study in the journal Criminology, Moody and his colleague Thomas Marvell reported that they found little evidence that sentence enhancements for gun crimes were effective at reducing crime rates or gun use. Marvell and Moody have also conducted studies on the effect of three-strikes laws, which, according to their research, are associated with higher homicide rates. Their results were originally published in 2001 and replicated the following year. In a 2002 study, Moody, along with Grant Duwe and Tomislav Kovandzic, found very little, if any, evidence that right-to-carry laws affected the number of mass shootings. In 2008, he co-authored a study, along with Dave Kopel, that found that countries with higher gun ownership rates tend to have higher levels of political and civil freedom.

## Views

Moody has said that right-to-carry laws lead to lower crime rates. The National Research Council in 2004 were undecided on the topic. His research on the subject suggests that such laws deter crime but only slightly.
He has said that his research suggests that states with higher prison populations have lower crime rates. In 2000, he told The Washington Post, "The fact is, if you put people in jail, it helps."
# Doli Akhter

Doli Akhter (born 15 January 1986) is an Olympic swimmer from Bangladesh.
She has swum for Bangladesh at the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympics. On all three occasions, she attended thanks to a wild card qualification.
She competed in the 100m breaststroke in Sydney (2000), where she was disqualified. In Athens (2004), she competed in the 50m freestyle. She won her heat with a time of 30.72, which was not sufficient for her to advance to the next round.
Akhter won a silver medal in the 200m breaststroke event at the South Asian Games in Islamabad in 2004.
She is Bangladesh's sole athlete at the 2009 World Championships (July 2009).
# Bossonnens Castle

Bossonnens Castle is a castle in the municipality of Bossonnens of the Canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
# TRAPPIST-1h

TRAPPIST-1h, also designated as 2MASS J23062928-0502285 h, is an exoplanet orbiting around the ultra-cool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, located 40.7 light-years (12.5 parsecs) away from Earth in the constellation Aquarius. It was one of four new exoplanets to be discovered orbiting the star in 2017 using observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope. In the following years, more studies were able to refine its physical parameters.
The outermost known planet in its system, it is roughly one third the mass of Earth, and about 76% as large. Its relatively low density indicates that it is likely water-rich, like several other planets in the system.

## Physical characteristics
### Mass, radius, and temperature

TRAPPIST-1h has a radius of 0.755 R$_🜨$, a mass of 0.326 M$_🜨$, and about 57% Earth's surface gravity. It was initially estimated to have a density of 3.97 g/cm$^3$, similar to that of Mars. Given this density, about ≤5% of its mass may be water, likely in the form of a thick ice shell, since it only receives about 13% of the stellar flux that Earth does. It has an equilibrium temperature of 169 K (−104 °C; −155 °F), similar to that of Earth's south pole.

### Host star

TRAPPIST-1h orbits the ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. It is 0.121 R$_☉$ and 0.089 M$_☉$, with a temperature of 2,511 K and an age between 3 and 8 billion years. For comparison, the Sun has a temperature of 5,778 K and is about 4.5 billion years old. TRAPPIST-1 is also very dim, with about 0.0005 times the luminosity of the Sun. The star's apparent magnitude, or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is 18.8. Therefore, it is too dim to be seen with the naked eye.

### Orbit

Despite it being the most distant known planet in its system, TRAPPIST-1h orbits its host star with an orbital period of 18.868 days and an orbital radius of about 0.0619 AU. This is even smaller than Mercury's orbit around the Sun (which is about 0.38 AU).

### Stable liquid water

Although TRAPPIST-1h's orbit falls near its star's frost line, it could harbor liquid water under an H$_2$-rich atmosphere, either primordial or resulting from continuous outgassing combined with internal heating, although existence of such atmosphere was strongly disfavored by observations in 2021 and 2022. If ice-covered, it could also potentially harbor a subsurface ocean by way of tidal heating, which could lead to cryovolcanism in the form of erupting geysers.
# Discogobio pacboensis

Discogobio pacboensis is a fish species in the genus Discogobio endemic to Vietnam.
# List of Falconiformes by population

This is a list of Falconiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.
This list is incomprehensive, as not all Falconiformes have had their numbers quantified.

## Species by global population

| Common name | Binomial name | Population | Status | Notes |
| Mauritius kestrel | Falco punctatus | 400 | EN | |
| Seychelles kestrel | Falco araea | 800 | VU | Minimum estimate. |
| Banded kestrel | Falco zoniventris | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| Black caracara | Daptrius ater | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| Black falcon | Falco subniger | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| Carunculated caracara | Phalcoboenus carunculatus | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| Fox kestrel | Falco alopex | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| Oriental hobby | Falco severus | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| Philippine falconet | Microhierax erythrogenys | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| Pied falconet | Microhierax melanoleucos | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| White-throated caracara | Phalcoboenus albogularis | 1000 – 10 000 | LC | |
| Taita falcon | Falco fasciinucha | 1500 | NT | Minimum estimate. |
| Striated caracara | Phalcoboenus australis | 1500 – 4000 | NT | |
| New Zealand falcon | Falco novaeseelandiae | 3500 – 15 000 | LC | |
| Saker | Falco cherrug | 12,200-29,800 | EN | |
| White-fronted falconet | Microhierax latifrons | 15 000 – 30 000 | NT | |
| White-rumped falcon | Polihierax insignis | 15 000 – 30 000 | NT | |
| Laggar falcon | Falco jugger | 15 000 – 30 000 | NT | Possibly overestimated. |
| Sooty falcon | Falco concolor | 15 000 – 30 000 | NT | |
| Eleonora's falcon | Falco eleonorae | 17 700 – 18 600 | LC | |
| Orange-breasted falcon | Falco deiroleucus | 20 000 – 49 999 | NT | |
| Lanner falcon | Falco biarmicus | 67,000-670,000 | LC | |
| Lesser kestrel | Falco naumanni | 80,000-134,000 | LC | |
| Gyrfalcon | Falco rusticolus | 110 000 | LC | |
| Red-footed falcon | Falco vespertinus | 300 000 – 800 000 | NT | |
| Eurasian hobby | Falco subbuteo | 400 000 | LC | Minimum estimate. |
| Bat falcon | Falco rufigularis | 500 000 – 4 999 999 | LC | |
| Barred forest falcon | Micrastur ruficollis | 500 000 – 4 999 999 | LC | |
| Collared forest falcon | Micrastur semitorquatus | 500 000 – 4 999 999 | LC | |
| Laughing falcon | Herpetotheres cachinnans | 500 000 – 4 999 999 | LC | |
| Amur falcon | Falco amurensis | 1 000 000 | LC | Minimum estimate. |
| Peregrine falcon | Falco peregrinus | 1 200 000 | LC | |
| Merlin | Falco columbarius | 1 300 000 | LC | Minimum estimate. |
| Common kestrel | Falco tinnunculus | 5 000 000 | LC | Minimum estimate. |