OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter Nguyen Van Hung

Peter Nguyen Van Hung (Vietnamese: Phêrô Nguyễn Văn Hùng; Chinese: 阮文雄; pinyin: Ruǎn Wénxióng; born 1958) is a Vietnamese Australian Catholic priest and human rights activist in Taiwan. He was recognized by the United States Department of State as a "hero acting to end modern day slavery".

## Early life

Peter Nguyen Van Hung grew up in a lower-middle-class family outside of Bình Tuy Province in South Vietnam, with two brothers and five sisters. His father was a fisherman, but died after a long battle with illness, forcing his mother, a devout Catholic with roots in the country's north, to become the family's main breadwinner. Peter Nguyen Van Hung himself followed in his mother's faith.
He left Vietnam in 1979 on an overcrowded boat; rescued by a Norwegian ship after just 36 hours and taken to Japan, he joined the Missionary Society of St. Columban upon his arrival there.
He lived in Japan for three years, studying and taking a variety of jobs to support himself, including as a highway repairman, steel factory worker, and gravedigger. He first came to Taiwan in 1988 as a missionary, after which he went to Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, to study at a seminary. He was ordained in 1991 and returned to Taiwan the following year (in 1992).

## Work in Taiwan

Peter Nguyen Van Hung established the Vietnamese Migrant Workers and Brides Office in Taoyuan County (now Taoyuan City) in 2004 to offer assistance to Vietnamese immigrants in Taiwan. Vietnamese American radio station Little Saigon Radio and others helped him to rent the second floor of a grammar school; two seventy square foot rooms offer sleeping space, while two others are used for office space. They provide Mandarin classes, room and board, and legal assistance.
Peter Nguyen Van Hung's exposure of abuses against foreign laborers and brides led the U.S. State Department to list Taiwan as a "Tier 2" region alongside countries such as Cambodia due to their lack of effort in combating human trafficking, which proved a major international embarrassment for the island's government. His work has also made him the target of intimidation in Taiwan.
# Pillar Box War

The Pillar Box War refers to a number of politically motivated acts of vandalism against post boxes in Scotland during the early 1950s in a dispute over the correct title in Scotland of the new British monarch, Elizabeth II or Elizabeth I.

## Background

Ascending to the throne in February 1952, Elizabeth adopted the royal style of Elizabeth the Second. This was reflected in her royal cypher, which took the Latin form 'EIIR'. Some objected to this usage as the new queen was the first Elizabeth to reign over the United Kingdom or indeed Great Britain, Elizabeth I having been the queen of the former kingdoms of England and Ireland but not Scotland.
In 1953, John MacCormick took legal action against the Lord Advocate in the case of MacCormick v Lord Advocate, challenging the Queen's right to call herself Elizabeth the Second. The case failed on the grounds that the matter was within the royal prerogative, and thus the Queen was free to adopt any title she saw fit.

## Actions and legacy

Some occasions of vandalism and even explosions of post boxes which carried the Queen's 'EIIR' insignia were recorded. One particular pillar box in Edinburgh's Inch district was repeatedly vandalised with tar, paint and a hammer before being blown to pieces less than three months after its unveiling.
The folk songs Sky High Joe and The Ballad of the Inch commemorate these events.
After 1953, new post boxes were placed in Scotland carrying only the Crown of Scotland image rather than the 'EIIR' cypher, which continued to be used in the rest of the United Kingdom, and indeed in some of the Queen's other realms and territories. A post box with the 'EIIR' cypher was installed in Dunoon in 2018 and immediately scheduled for replacement on discovery of the error.
# Pinus balfouriana

Pinus balfouriana, the foxtail pine, is a rare high-elevation pine that is endemic to California, United States. It is closely related to the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pines, in the subsection Balfourianae.

## Description

P. balfouriana is a tree to 10–20 m (30–70 ft) tall, exceptionally 35 m (115 ft), with a trunk up to 2 m (7 ft) across. Its leaves are needle-like, in bundles of five (or sometimes four, in the southern Sierra) with a semi-persistent basal sheath, and 2–4 cm (1–1+1⁄2 in) long, deep glossy green on the outer face, and white on the inner faces; they persist for 10–15 years. The cones are 6–11 cm (2+1⁄2–4+1⁄2 in) long, dark purple ripening red-brown, with soft, flexible scales each with a 1-millimeter (1⁄16-inch) central prickle.

## Distribution

P. balfouriana occurs in the subalpine forest at an elevation of 1,950–2,750 m (6,400–9,020 ft) in the Klamath Mountains, and at 2,300–3,500 m (7,500–11,500 ft) in the Sierra Nevada. In the Sierra Nevada, Foxtail pines are limited to the area around Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. In both areas, it is often a tree line species.
There are two disjunct populations:
| Image | Subspecies | Distribution |
| | Pinus balfouriana var. balfouriana | southern Klamath Mountains |
| | Pinus balfouriana var. austrina | the southern Sierra Nevada |
A small outlying population was reported in southern Oregon, but was proven to have been misidentified.

## Age

It is thought that P. balfouriana can live up to 3000 years in the Sierra Nevada, although the highest currently proven age is 2110 years. In the Klamath Mountains, ages are only known to about 1000 years.

## Related species

P. balfouriana is closely related to the bristlecone pines, being classified in the same subsection Balfourianae; it has been hybridised with the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine in cultivation, though no hybrids have ever been found in the wild.
# Pizza (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Punknews.org | |
Pizza is a concept EP and the third studio release by Horse the Band, released September 5, 2006 through Koch Records. The EP was recorded in place of Horse the Band not finishing their time on The Stampeading Machines Tour. 550 limited edition copies of the EP were pressed in the 10" vinyl format, sold in cardboard pizza boxes, on the band's label LIF Records.

## Overview

According to the band's MySpace blog, Horse the Band ended their time on "The Stampeding Machines Tour", almost halfway through in order to record the EP. One of their bulletins states:
   "We left that tour because we ate really, really, really good pizza in Lou Malnati's in Chicago with Dave's grandparents. The pizza was such that we were inspired by God to write music of the kind not heard in this world since Mozart was fed his first currywurst. A copy of Nietzsche's 'The Gay Science' was onhand and for 2 days we struggled with the question posed in 'The Greatest Weight' passage, which follows. In essence, it asks the reader to examine their every action if they had to repeat their lives exactly for all eternity, begging the question [sic] in each and every thing, 'Do you desire this once more, and innumerable times more?'
   We couldn't decide if we should stay in Chicago and keep eating pizza for the rest of our lives. But after two days of rigorous theory, we realized we had to write divine music about the pizza. We decided to drive home immediately and write and record a 5-song EP called "Pizza" before Sounds of the Underground and Warped Tour started. God was there."
While recording the EP, fans sent Horse the Band pizza and are included in the liner notes. As a joke, while playing a 2007 show in Chicago, singer Nathan Winneke blamed the crowd (and the city itself) for being responsible for the EP, in a mockingly unaffectionate tone. The band then proceeded to play the song "Anti-Pizza".
In a 2008 interview, keyboardist Erik Engstrom stated that if he could delete anything from Horse the Band's catalog, it would be the Pizza EP.
The EP was recorded at 4th Street Recording in Santa Monica, CA.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Nathan Winneke, except where noted; all music is composed by Horse the band, except where noted

## Personnel
### Horse the Band

* Nathan Winneke – vocals
* David Isen – guitar
* Erik Engstrom – keyboards
* Dashiell "Dash" Arkenstone – bass
* Chris Prophet – drums

### Production

* Tracking by Chris Mullings at 4th Street Recording
* Mastered by Tom Baker at Precision Mastering
* Packaging design by LevinMedia
# Anthony Midget

Anthony Midget (born February 22, 1978) is an American football coach. He is the assistant secondary coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Virginia Tech. After a short-lived career playing professionally in the National Football League (NFL), Midget began coaching beginning at the high school level and then progressing from college to the NFL.

## Playing career

Midget played high school football in Clewiston, Florida at Clewiston High School. From there, he proceeded to Virginia Tech, where he was a four-year letter winner and three-year starter. After his senior season, Midget was named a third-team All-American, first-team All-Big East, and a member of the Big East All-Academic Team. A Dean's List student, Midget graduated with a degree in sociology in 1999. He was drafted in the fifth round of the 2000 NFL draft by the Atlanta Falcons. He also spent two seasons on the practice squad of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

## Coaching career

After his short-lived playing career, Midget began his coaching career in 2002 at Lake Worth High School in Florida where he held many positions culminating with being the assistant head coach and defensive coordinator. In 2007, he went back to his alma mater at Virginia Tech as a graduate assistant. From Virginia Tech, Midget progressed to Georgia State where, from 2008 to 2011, he served as the special teams coordinator and defensive backs coach and in 2012 he served as the defensive coordinator and defensive backs coach. He was briefly hired in January 2013 to serve as a defensive assistant at Marshall, but before he coached a game at Marshall he was hired at Penn State to coach safeties.
In 2014, the Houston Texans hired Midget as their Assistant Secondary Coach, and in 2018, he was promoted to Secondary Coach. On January 28, 2020, it was announced that Midget was hired as the secondary coach for the Tennessee Titans.
On January 9, 2023, the Titans head coach Mike Vrabel announced Midget had been fired.
On March 20, 2024, the Pittsburgh Steelers announced that they had hired Midget as their assistant secondary coach.
# Pontine Islands

The Pontine Islands (/ˈpɒntaɪn/, also US: /ˈpɒntiːn/; Italian: Isole Ponziane) are an archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the coast of Lazio region, Italy. The islands were collectively named after the largest island in the group, Ponza. The other islands in the archipelago are Palmarola, Zannone, and Gavi to the northwest and Ventotene and Santo Stefano to the southeast. These two groups are separated by 22 nautical miles (41 km). From Sabaudia-Cape Circeo peninsula to Zannone the distance is 12 nautical miles (22 km), while Ventotene faces Gaeta (21 miles). The minimum distance between Santo Stefano and the isle of Ischia is 22 nautical miles (41 km). In ancient times they were called Pontiae (Πόντιαι).
The archipelago is volcanic and has been inhabited for thousands of years. Neolithic artefacts and Bronze Age obsidians have been excavated on the islands. The islands were used by the Etruscans who carved the "Blue Grottos". The earliest recorded history of the islands occurs with the Roman victory over the Volsci at 338 BC. According to a local legend, this was once the lost Kingdom of Tyrrhenia which sank with a narrow strip connected to mainland Italy.
During the reign of Augustus, residential expansion on the islands was encouraged and people spread from Ponza to Ventotene. Rome used the two islands as a retreat and a place to exile politically troubling citizens. Some two thousand years later the islands were used for the same reason by the Fascist regime. Agrippina the Younger, mother to the future Roman emperor, Nero, was exiled to the Pontine Islands by her brother, the then Roman emperor, Caligula, in 39 AD, before having the exile lifted by her uncle, the emperor Claudius upon his succession. Deposed Pope Silverius was exiled there in 537 shortly before his death.
The Pontine were abandoned during the Middle Ages after raids by Saracens and pirates. During the 18th century, the Kingdom of Naples re-colonized the islands, and they later became part of the Kingdom of Italy.
Ponza and Ventotene are populated, but the smaller islands are not, with the total population of the archipelago at 4,066 inhabitants as of 2009. Ventotene and Santo Stefano are land and sea conservation areas supervised by the Italian State.
Currently, tiny vineyards, wild herbs and flowers, and secluded beaches and grottos make them a popular tourist destination.
# Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria

Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria (died June 5, 566) was the last Patriarch of Alexandria recognised by both the Coptic Orthodox Christians and the Chalcedonian Melchites.
As successor to Timothy III (IV), at the request of the Arab king Al-Harith ibn Jabalah al-Ghassani and Empress Theodora's efforts, Jacob Baradaeus ordained a universal bishop in 543/4 AD by Mor Theodosius. He was at first recognized by the Emperor Justinian I and the Eastern Orthodox Church. However, because of his Miaphysite theology, he was rejected by the Eastern Orthodox Church of Alexandria and exiled by the Emperor Justinian I in 536. In his place, Paul was elected Patriarch.
As the Copts continued to recognise Theodosius, the lineage between the Coptic and Melchite split. This split endures until today.
Theodosius spent the last 28 years of his life imprisoned in Upper Egypt and after his death the Coptic Church elected Peter IV as his successor.
Theodosius is commemorated in the Coptic Synaxarion on the 28th day of Ba'unah (June 5), the day of his death.
# Praga Marine

Praga Marine Pvt. Ltd. is a fiberglass boat manufacturing company. It owns a boatyard, located in the backwaters of Cochin at Aroor Industrial Development Area, Allappuzha District It was incorporated in 1985 and commenced business from that boatyard in 1988. It is promoted by Joe Nejedly. His father Josef Nejedly, a Prague-born Czech national was a pioneer of the fibre glass industry in India during the 1960s.

## Products

Praga Marine manufactures various types of fibre-reinforced plastic boats such as rigid-hulled inflatable boats, catamarans and sailboats. The company specializes in large catamarans. In 2003, it built a very large 32 meter catamaran, MV Vrinda for the Oberoi Hotels as a 5-Star cruise ship, which is one of the largest FRP vessel in India. Praga Marine also serially manufactures the Arrow and Lancer brand speedboats, of which over 250 have been sold as of 2011.

### Ships constructed

* Praga class patrol boat for National Coast Guard (NSG) organisation, Mauritius

#### Peers

* Anderson Marine
* Bristol Boats
* Navgathi Boatyards
* Vadyar Boats
# Preventing Sex Trafficking and Improving Opportunities for Youth in Foster Care Act

The Preventing Sex Trafficking and Improving Opportunities for Youth in Foster Care Act (H.R. 4058) is a bill introduced in the 113th Congress. The bill would require states to take action to address the problem of sex trafficking of foster care children.

## Major provisions

If enacted, the bill would (1) Require states to identify and report child sex trafficking victims; (2) Improve data collection; (3) Require states to create standards to give foster parents more flexibility in raising foster children; (4) Prohibit states from designating long-term foster care as the ultimate goal for children in foster care, instead attempting to place the children in permanent homes; (5) Give foster children more input in their own case plans.
The bill also would require states to make sure that foster children over aged 14 have a Social Security card, birth certificate and medical records.

## Legislative history

The bill was originally introduced by Republican Congressman Dave Reichert of Washington and Democratic Congressman Lloyd Doggett of Texas. Fifteen additional Members of Congress signed onto the bill as original cosponsors including Congressmen Vern Buchanan, Tim Griffin and Jim Renacci.
On October 23, 2013, the House Human Resources Subcommittee held a hearing on sex trafficking of youth in foster care. Witnesses who testified at the hearing included members of Congress, activists for the issue, and a victim of trafficking. On December 20, 2013, the subcommittee wrote and publicized a draft bill.
The American Bar Association, American Public Human Services Association, and National Indian Child Welfare Association responded to the subcommittee's request for public comments with suggestions to improve the bill.
Similar bills were introduced in Congress in 2013:
* S. 1118: Child Sex Trafficking Data and Response Act of 2013 introduced by Senators Ron Wyden and Rob Portman.
* S. 1870: Supporting At-Risk Children Act introduced by Senator Max Baucus
* S. 1518: Improving Outcomes for Youth At Risk for Sex Trafficking Act of 2013 introduced by Senator Orrin Hatch, parts of which were included in the Supporting At-Risk Children Act

## Prostitution link

Some media coverage of the bill highlighted the link between sex trafficking victims and prostitution. For example, in its coverage of the bill, the Sky Valley Chronicle, an online newspaper covering East Snohomish County, Washington, said that sex trafficking has reached "epidemic levels" in certain areas of the world, and that anyone engaged in prostitution under age 18 in the U.S. is considered a victim of sex trafficking.
In a blog post, the Seattle Post-Intelligencer wrote, "The legislation is an implicit admission that a lot of the prostitution enforcement that [Congressman] Reichert used to do with the King County Sheriffs Office was misguided."
Seattle's local CBS TV station, KIRO, noted in an article on its website that Reichert was a detective during the murder spree of "Green River killer" Gary Ridgway, and that many of the victims were prostitutes and runaways.
# Manabu Terata

Manabu Terata (寺田 学, Terata Manabu, born October 27, 1976) is a Japanese politician serving in the House of Representatives in the Diet as a member of the Constitutional Democratic Party.

## Early life

Terata is a native of Yokote, Akita and graduated from Chuo University.

## Political career

Terata was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 2003.
He served as a Special Advisor to the Prime Minister of Japan from February to December 2012.

## Family

He is the son of former governor of Akita Prefecture Sukeshiro Terata. His wife is Shizuka Terata member of the House of Councillors.
# Prostitution in North Korea

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Prostitution in North Korea is illegal and is not visible to visitors. Accounts given by some North Korean defectors say that a collection of women called the kippumjo provided sexual entertainment to high-ranking officials until 2011. Meanwhile, some North Korean women who migrate to China become involved in prostitution.

## Private prostitution

Under Article 261 of the criminal law, prostitution is punishable by up to two years labour if engaged in "multiple times". According to CIA analyst Helen-Louise Hunter, during the rule of Kim Il Sung, there was no organized prostitution, but some prostitution was still practiced discreetly near railroad stations and restaurants. While defectors currently report widespread prostitution, this is not experienced by visitors to the country.

## Kippumjo

The kippŭmjo is an alleged collection of groups of approximately 2,000 women and girls that was maintained by the head of state of North Korea for the purpose of providing pleasure, mostly of a sexual nature, and entertainment for high-ranking Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) officials and their families, as well as occasionally distinguished guests. Its prostitutes were known as manjokcho (만족조 "satisfaction team(s)") and were organised as a part of the kippŭmjo, who were drafted from among 14- to 20-year-old virgins, trained for about 20 months, and often "ordered to marry guards of Kim Jong Il or national heroes" when they are 25 years old.
For a girl selected to serve in the kippŭmjo, it was impossible to refuse, even if she was the daughter of a party official. Manjokcho were obliged to have sex with high-ranking male officials of the WPK. Their services were not available to most North Korean men.
Not all kippŭmjo worked as prostitutes; other kippŭmjo activities were massaging and half-naked singing and dancing.
The kippŭmjo were disbanded shortly after Kim Jong Il's death in 2011, although in 2015 it was reported that his successor Kim Jong Un was restarting it.

## Sex trafficking

North Korea is a source country for women and children who are subjected to sex trafficking. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks North Korea as a 'Tier 3' country.

### Prostitution of North Koreans in China

Some North Korean women who migrate to China become prostitutes, either voluntarily or forcibly. According to the UN Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights, when the women are repatriated to North Korea, they are subjected to forced abortion and their mixed race children are subject to infanticide.
# Qadoura Mousa

Qadoura Mousa (Arabic: قدوره موسى), also written as Kadoura, was the governor of the Jenin Governorate of the Palestinian National Authority in the northern West Bank.

## International profile

Qadoura Mousa was described as the director of Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement for the northern West Bank in May 2002. He is credited with issuing the official death toll, 56 Palestinians, for the Battle of Jenin. Palestinian spokespeople outside the camp had earlier estimated the number as around 500 and official Israeli spokespeople with access to the camp announced it was between 150 and 250.

## Death

Around 11.30 p.m.1 May 2012, unknown assailants opened fire on Mousa's home in Jenin, police spokesman Mujahid Rabiya said. The governor left his home with security chiefs to check-up on the security situation in the city, when he suffered the heart attack that killed him, presidential office chairman Hussein al-Araj told official PA news agency Wafa. He arrived at Jenin government hospital in the early hours of 2 May 2012 suffering heart pains, and died in intensive care, the hospital said. Thousands from different cities in the West Bank attended his funeral.
# Qala Qala

Qala Qala (Aymara qala stone, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, "a group of stones", hispanicized spellings Calacala, Cala Cala, also Kala Kala) is an archaeological site in Bolivia in a valley of the same name. The valley is known for its rock art. The zone where the rock paintings are found is also known as Qillqata (Aymara qillqaña to write, -ta a suffix to indicate the participle, "written" or "something written", hispanicized Quelcata, Quellqata). It is located in the Oruro Department, Cercado Province, Soracachi Municipality, southeast of Oruro. The rocks are situated about 2 km far from the village Qala Qala (Calacala), at a height of about 4,050 metres (13,287 ft).
The rock paintings of Qala Qala were declared a National Monument on May 2, 1970, by Supreme Decrete No. 9087.