OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Skagabyggð

Skagabyggð (Icelandic pronunciation: ) is a former municipality in Iceland. It consisted of two noncontiguous areas which surrounded the municipality of Skagaströnd. In June 2021, residents rejected a proposal to merge the municipality with the neighboring municipalities of Skagaströnd, Blönduósbær and Húnavatnshreppur.
In June 2024, 90% of Húnabyggð voters and 75% of Skagabyggð voters approved a merger wherein the two municipalities would combine into a larger municipality, also known as Húnabyggð. The merger took effect in August 2024.
# Otomārs Oškalns

Otomārs Aleksandrs Oškalns (12 April 1904 — 1 September 1947) was a prominent Latvian communist and partisan fighter.
He was one of three Latvian Soviet partisans who became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

## Life

Born in to the family of a farm laborer, in 1925 Oškalns received his teacher's exam.
In 1934 he was arrested for political activities after the Ulmanis Coup.
In 1939 he joined the Communist Party of Latvia, and in 1940 he became a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR. After Nazi Germany invaded Latvia in 1941, Oškalns was active as a leader of communist partisans. from April 30, 1942 he was commissar of the Latvian Soviet partisan detachment "For Soviet Latvia" ("Par Padomju Latviju"), which operated as part of the 2nd Leningrad Partisan Brigade. Later, he was the commander of the 3rd Latvian partisan brigade. Member of the Task Force of the Central Committee of the CPL (b).
In 1944, Oškalns became the first secretary of the Riga Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia. After the war, In 1946 he became the Minister of Technical Cultures of the Latvian SSR and a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
He is buried in Riga.

## Awards

* Hero of the Soviet Union (1945)
* Order of Lenin
* Order of the Patriotic War II class
* medals

## Memory

Small bronze monument was erected in Jēkabpils after his death.
After his death, Riga's second largest railway station was named after him.
When Latvia became independent in 1991, Oškalns was viewed as a Soviet collaborator, and his name was stripped from the railway station. Monuments to him were also removed from public locations.
# Roberts Dambītis

General Roberts Dambītis (May 2, 1881 – March 27, 1957 in Trikāta parish near Strenči, Latvia) was a Latvian General and politician.
A founder of the National Soldiers' Union as a Latvian Rifleman in World War I, Dambītis formally became the first soldier in the Latvian Army by placing volunteer units under the command of the People's Council of Latvia when it proclaimed Latvia's independence on November 18, 1918. He was subsequently appointed Deputy Minister of Defense during the Independence War. After the war he served in various high-ranking posts in military supply and administration, culminating in his appointment as Deputy Chief of the General Staff in 1935 and his retirement in 1939.
In 1940, during the first year of Soviet Rule of Latvia, Dambītis joined the puppet government as Minister of War and oversaw the conversion of the Latvian Army to a Red Army Corps. He remained in Latvia after the retreat of the Red Army in 1941, was arrested by the Gestapo and interned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp until 1945. After the war he returned to Trikāta, where he spent the remainder of his life.
# Jaan Kikkas

Juhan "Jaan" Kikkas (5 June 1892 – 9 March 1944) was an Estonian middleweight weightlifter. He won a bronze medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics, setting a world record in the snatch.
Kikkas first trained as a cyclist, and changed to weightlifting in 1921, aged 29. Next year he placed fourth at the world championships. In 1925 he won his only national weightlifting title. After retiring from competitions he ran his metal workshop in Tallinn. He died there in 1944 during a Soviet air raid.
# Sooru

Sooru is a village in Valga Parish, Valga County in southern Estonia. It's located about 10 km northeast of the town of Valga. Sooru has a population of 295 (as of 2011) and an area of 14.62 km$^2$. Sooru borders the Väike Emajõgi River on its northeastern side.
Sooru Manor was first mentioned in 1388 as Sore (also known as Soorhof, Soor and Sora). Until its dispossession in 1920–1922 the manor had many owners. In 1922 a local elementary school was established in the manor house. The main building was burned down in 1944 during World War II.
# Thameside TV

Thameside TV was the first pirate television station in London. Operating in the last quarter of 1984, the station broadcast on at least two UHF frequencies before being shut down. The station was owned by the also-illegal Thameside Radio.

## History

In 1984, the United Kingdom had four television channels available: BBC1, BBC2, ITV and Channel 4. The first broadcast made by Thameside TV was done on 7 October 1984 by repeating the same programme for two hours over a one-week period. The station used the Crystal Palace transmitting station to deliver its signal on UHF channel 28 and was relayed on 90.5 on the FM band. Its inaugural programme consisted of music videos and the Yellow Submarine film. 24 hours after that, a competing station made broadcasts over channel 36. The initial broadcast was seen with "fuzzy" reception, per a Daily Mail article two days after starting. Like its competitor on channel 36, it planned to broadcast music videos and feature films. Bob Edwards demanded the creation of more channels due to the supposed "boredom" of the existing networks available at the time. The next programme was a Christmas special, which is considered lost because the station was closed by the Department of Trade and Industry.
Its final broadcast was made on 4 January 1985 consisting of more music videos, this time reducing the looping to a six-hour period from 6pm to midnight. A further broadcast was scheduled to be made in February, but the station was raided before music videos were added to the pre-recorded continuity links from VJ Bob.
# Yan Karlovich Berzin

Yan (Ian) Karlovich Berzin (Russian: Ян Карлович Берзин; Latvian: Jānis Bērziņš; real name Pēteris Ķuzis; 25 November [O.S. 13 November 1889] 1889, Kreis Riga (now in Zaube parish), the Russian Empire – 29 July 1938, Moscow, the USSR), was a Latvian Soviet communist politician and military intelligence officer.

## Biography

Ķuzis joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1905. According to his former subordinate, Walter Krivitsky, Ķuzis led a guerrilla detachment in his native country of Latvia at the age of 16 during the 1905 Revolution, and was wounded, caught, and sentenced to death. His sentence was commuted because of his youth; after two years in prison, he was deported to Siberia, but escaped. Rearrested and sent back into exile in 1911, he escaped in 1914, and was a private in the Russian army until he deserted in 1916.
Ķuzis joined the Bolsheviks after the Russian Revolution, rising to the rank of general and chief of the Latvian Red Army. From December 1917, he operated in the apparatus of the Cheka and became a principal organizer of Lenin's Red Terror, credited with devising the system of taking and shooting hostages to recover deserters, and to put down peasant rebellions in areas controlled by the Red Army. He was recognized by his superiors for his work in pursuing, arresting, and liquidating Russian sailors after the Bolshevik suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion in March 1921. Promoted to head of the Red Army's Fourth Bureau (military intelligence), the GRU, he served from 1920 to 1935. Among his agents was the prominent German spy Richard Sorge.
He was dismissed in 1935, and served for a year in the Far East. In September 1936, he was sent to Madrid, under the nom de guerre Grishin, as chief military adviser to the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. In November, he transferred to Valencia. On 8 June 1937, he was recalled to Moscow and was reappointed to his old post as head of military intelligence on 8 June 1937, after his successor Semyon Uritsky had come under suspicion, but on 1 August 1937, he too was dismissed, and was succeeded by A.M. Nikonov, who was also dismissed and arrested a few days later. During the Great Purge as a part of the Latvian Operation of the NKVD, Berzin was arrested by the NKVD on 13 May 1938, and was shot on 29 July 1938.
He was rehabilitated in 1956.

## Other details

On 14 December 1948, Alexander Barmine, former chargé d'affaires at the Soviet embassy in Athens, Greece, advised Federal Bureau of Investigation agents that Berzin informed him prior to Barmine's 1937 defection that Owen Lattimore, the head of the U.S. Office of War Information in the Pacific during World War II, was a Soviet agent.
Berzin appears in the Venona decrypts under the code name "Starik" (Russian: Старик – "Old man").
# Vaclavs Borduško

Vaclavs Borduško (born 3 October 1914 in Riga, died 14 October 1999 in Toronto, Canada) was a Latvian international footballer, a two-time champion of Latvia.

## Biography

Borduško was one of the most notable footballers of Polish origin in Latvia. His first senior football club was Reduta Riga – the strongest Riga polish football club of the 1920s-1930s. After the 1932 season he moved to the strongest Riga club – Rīgas FK. However he didn't actually play a single match with RFK and very soon transferred further – to SSS Riga, the local social democrats sports club for which he played in 1933. As after the Kārlis Ulmanis coup of 15 May 1934 all social democrat organisations were banned, SSS was disbanded and Borduško moved to Riga Vanderer. Borduško had a good second half of the season as Riga Vanderer achieved its best Latvian Higher League finish in the second position and won the Riga Football Cup, however after the season he changed the club again – this time for ASK Riga.
ASK proved to be "his" side – that is Borduško played there until 1940 when Latvia lost its independence and the ASK side was dismissed. His first season wasn't especially good – Borduško had problems adapting to his new partners and received few scoring chances and ASK struggled in the league, finishing in a rather sad sixth place in the league. It started going uphill – in the next four years ASK was two times the second strongest side in Latvia and another two times – the third strongest. During the Soviet occupation of 1940 and 1941 Borduško played with RDKA Riga and RGK Riga, in the German occupation – with Bekona eksports in 1941 and again with ASK Riga from 1942 to 1943. In the latter two years with ASK Borduško won two Latvian league titles and the 1943 Latvian Football Cup.
Borduško emigrated from Latvia during World War II. In 1945 he was the head of the Latvian football section in Lübeck, Germany. In 1946 he played with Latvian emigrants national football team, at the end of the year he moved to England, where he also was the head of the local Latvian football section for some time. At the end of the 1940s Borduško moved to Canada where he lived until his death in 1999.

## National team playing career

Borduško made his international début for Latvia on 14 August 1934. In his next match on 9 September 1934 Borduško scored his first goal for the national team. In total he played 25 international matches for Latvia scoring 8 goals, including two in the 1938 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Borduško played his last match for Latvia on 24 September 1939 when he wasn't even full 25 years old. With 25 international matches he was the 13th most capped international footballer in the independent Latvia of the 1920s and 1930s. According to various sources Borduško scored 7 or 8 goals in international matches for Latvia.
# Anšlavs Eglītis

Anšlavs Eglītis (October 14, 1906 – March 4, 1993) was a Latvian writer, journalist and painter who became a war refugee in 1944. He had a prolific career as a novelist, and his later work often examined aspects of exile life.

## Biography

Anšlavs Eglītis was born in Riga, Latvia, the first of two children born to the writer Viktors Eglītis and the teacher and translator Marija Eglīte, née Stalbova. His father was one of the most notable representatives of Decadence in Latvian literature. During the First World War, his family lived in other parts of the Russian Empire, but returned to Latvia in 1918. For a short time they settled in Alūksne. After 1919, his family lived in Riga and Eglītis started his studies in Riga City gymnasium No. 2. He also studied painting in the studio of a Latvian painter Voldemārs Tone at this time.
The family spent all their summer holidays in Inciems cottage, which he later described in his novel Pansija pilī (1962). He caught tuberculosis in 1925. His mother, who suffered pulmonary disease, died in 1926, during his stay in Leysin sanatorium. In 1930, his father remarried the artist and writer Hilda Vīka, whose works and personality came to influence Anšlavs' literature.
He continued his studies in the Art Academy of Latvia and graduated in 1935. After graduation, he worked as a teacher of drawing. In 1936 his first collection of novels, Maestro was published. In 1938 Eglītis started to work as a journalist in the biggest Latvian newspaper Jaunākās ziņas. In 1940, he also collaborated on the magazine Atpūta.
He left Riga for Courland in October 1944 and later fled to Germany, where he settled in Berlin. During the Battle of Berlin his flat was destroyed in an air raid, and Eglītis moved to Switzerland. In 1950, he moved to California, US.
His father, writer Viktors Eglītis, was arrested, tortured and killed in the Cheka building in Riga in 1945. His grave is unknown.
In his American exile, Eglītis wrote more than 50 novels and short stories. Parallel to his literature career he became a theatre and film critic for the Latvian newspaper Laiks published in Brooklyn, New York, which also serialized a number of his novels. In 1957, his Neierasta Amerika began to be serialized in the Soviet Latvian magazine Zvaigzne, but it was immediately qualified as an 'import of bourgeois nationalism' and soon discontinued.
The success of his works resides in their avangardist flavour combined with loyalty to the popular taste. In post-Soviet Latvia, his Shameless Old Men, directed by Mihail Kublinskis, is one of the most successful productions of the National Theater.
He died of cancer in Los Angeles in 1993. In 2006, the Latvian Post issued a commemorative stamp in honor of Eglītis. A monument to the writer was installed in 2008 in Inciems.
In 2018, a movie was made based on the motifs of A. Eglītis novel "Homo Novus", which describes the passion in the life of Riga artists of the late 30s. Created in honor of Latvia 100.

## Sources

* Barkan, Elliott Robert (2013). Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration. Greenwood: ABC-CLIO. p. 1931. ISBN 978-1-299-10408-2. OCLC 828140721.
# Aptina

Aptina Imaging Corporation was a company that sold CMOS imaging products. Their CMOS sensors were used in the Nikon V1 (10.1 MP, CX format, 16.9x17.9 mm), Nikon J1, and Nikon V2. By 2009 year Aptina had a 16% share of the CMOS image sensors market, with revenue estimated at $671 million. The company was acquired in 2014 by ON Semiconductor

## History

Aptina Imaging was created as a spin-off of Micron Technology's Image Sensor Division in March 2008. Aptina was still an independent division within Micron until July 2009, when Aptina became an independent, privately held company, being partially sold to a group including TPG and Riverwood Capital. ON Semiconductor Corporation completed the acquisition of Aptina Imaging in August 2014.

## Milestones

* 2014 – ON Semiconductor completes acquisition of Aptina Imaging
* 2014 – Aptina Imaging has bought color filter array processing and imager probe assets from Micron Technology, and close to 100 Micron employees will join Aptina's manufacturing facility in Nampa, Idaho on Aug. 4.
* 2011 – Shipped 2nd billionth sensor
* 2009 – Aptina spins out as an independent privately held company
* 2008 – Shipped 1 billionth sensor
* 2008 – Micron Technology launches Aptina: a CMOS image sensor division
* 2006 – Micron Imaging Group acquires Avago Technologies' image sensor business
* 1992–1995 – JPL team invented CMOS active pixel sensor technology

## Products

Predecessors of Aptinas products were CMOS image sensors of Photobit and Micron technology. Photobit was founded in 1995 and acquired by Micron in 2001, who started selling their own image sensors a year later. The first commercially available sensors of Photobit were the PB-159 in 1998 and the PB-100 in 1999. Micron showcased a 1.75-μm CMOS pixel sensor in 2005 and launched it in 2007. Micron also developed and built a prototype of a 1.4-μm CMOS pixel sensor by 2007.
The Nikon 1 series used Aptina sensors with dual conversion gain sensors, allowing users to choose from a mode with high dynamic range (DR) but low ISO, and a low light mode with low read noise but also less DR. In 2014 the company started offering a 1-Inch 4K Image Sensor for security and surveillance cameras.

## Awards

* 2011 – AET (China) Best Product Award Winner: AR0331
* 2010 – Winner, EDN Innovation Award: MT9H004
* 2009 – Finalist, EDN Innovation Award: MT9M033
* 2008 – Takayanagi Award: Presented to Dr. Junichi Nakamura
* 2008 – Best Supplier Award: Foxconn
# Bagir Seyidzadeh

Bagir Mirgasim Seyidzadeh (Azerbaijani: Bağır Mirqasım oğlu Seyidzadə; 9 August 1912 – 24 March 1968) was an acclaimed Azerbaijani public figure, diplomat, journalist, honorary culture worker of the Azerbaijani SSR.

## Biography

In 1925, Bagir Seyidzadeh came to Baku. He got a job at Taghiyev's plant, which was later renamed after Lenin. After a while he entered the working faculty, which he graduated from in 1930. For a couple of months, Bagir Seyidzadeh worked as a proofreader at Kandli newspaper. He then graduated from the faculty of oil technology of the Azerbaijani Industrial Institute.
In 1932-1940, he worked as the secretary and editor at Ganj ishi (Youth affairs) newspaper.
In 1940-1943, he was the secretary of the Central Committee of the Leninist Young Communist League of the Azerbaijani SSR.
After completing diplomatic courses in Moscow, Bagir Seyidzadeh was sent to Iran where he started his diplomatic career. In 1944-1949, he was the consul, vice consul and chief consul in Maku and Tabriz. Bagir Seyidzadeh played an important role in establishing the government in Southern Azerbaijan, for which he was awarded "21 Azer" medal by the national government.
After returning from Iran he was appointed the minister of cinematography of the Azerbaijani SSR. He created the press department, which he later headed. The department merged with the ministry of culture of the Azerbaijani SSR, and Bagir Seyidzadeh was appointed the deputy minister of culture.
He was also involved in journalism and translation. He translated several parts of «Жизнь замечательных людей» (The life of remarkable people) series into Azerbaijani. Bagir Seyidzadeh is considered one of the founders of the Azerbaijani school of translation. He was the deputy Director General of Azerinform (AzerTAc).
He had a son, Fuad Seyidzadeh and a daughter, Dilara Seyidzadeh.
Bagir Seyidzadeh died of an extensive heart attack. He was buried at the Alley of Honors in Baku.
# Mākara Beach

Mākara Beach, previously spelled Makara Beach, is a suburb of Wellington, New Zealand, consisting of a small seaside village and its surrounding countryside. The Wellington City Council regards it as a separate suburb to Mākara.

## Features

Mākara Beach is a seaside village, 20 minutes drive from the suburb of Karori. It has a parking area for beach visitors. The beach is suitable for fishing and diving, and is a designated off-lead dog exercise area.
The suburb is accessed through Makara Road, which enters the suburb in the south and continues north alongside Makara Stream until it reaches the coast at Ohariu Bay. This is the main bay of the suburb; the suburb also includes Warehou Bay and Smiths Bay. Makara Stream's estuary is described by Wellington City Council as "an important native ecosystem and is gradually being restored by the Makaracarpas, a local environmental group." The Makara Foreshore Reserve was once an area of sand dunes. In 1942, these dunes were bulldozed based on fears that invading Japanese could hide in them. Rare plants are gradually re-establishing themselves in the area.
There is a 7 km walkway, managed by the Department of Conservation, that starts from the village. It follows the beach and goes through farmland up to historic gun emplacements.

## History

Mākara Beach had a resident community of fishermen in the 19th and 20th century, using solid clinker-built dinghies. Fisherman Leopold Haupois, known as French Louis, had arrived from Normandy in France in 1875; in the 1930s Lady Bledisloe the wife of the Governor-General used to visit French Louis to practise her French conversation.
Throughout the mid 1980s, the village was used as the fictional town Kaihoro in Peter Jackson’s 1987 film Bad Taste.
Mākara Beach was hit by Cyclone Gita in 2018. Homes were flooded and property was destroyed. The following year, a plan was announced to protect the village from future weather events due to climate change. The plan's recommendations included raising the beach's crest level, constructing a sea wall, clearing gravel from the stream's mouth, and reinforcing its bank.
During the national COVID lockdown in April 2020, residents erected a barricade and signs to keep visitors from the rest of Wellington out. While one resident said, "All we're doing is what the police are doing...telling people to go home", a lawyer told media that the public could not block roads and this could be a criminal offence.
Flooding in 2021 damaged a road which leads to Mākara Beach. It was estimated that repairs would cost NZD 1.5 million. This route to the suburb was closed for several weeks.

## Demographics

Mākara is part of the Mākara-Ohariu statistical area.
* Mākara Beach village from the coastal walkway.
* Ohariu Bay and Mākara Beach
* Looking west along the coast of Ohariu Bay from Mākara Beach.
# Soltanabad, Lali

Soltanabad (Persian: سلطان اباد) is a village in Hati Rural District of Hati District, Lali County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 260 in 42 households. The following census in 2011 counted 380 people in 67 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 396 people in 72 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Maham Aftab

Maham Aftab (5 November 1994 – 23 October 2020) was an international taekwondo practitioner and a member of the Pakistan national taekwondo team. She won several medals for Pakistan at national and international level. She died of brain tumor.

## Background

She belonged to Vehari, a city in Punjab, Pakistan.

## Career

Aftab represented Pakistan in the Youth Olympics held in Indonesia. Aftab won a gold medal in a taekwondo championship at the King Al-Hasan Cup in Jordan. In 2008, Aftab participated in World Championship in Izmir where she reached the final. She was defeated in the final by Stele Simunic of Croatia. In 2009, she took part in Asian Championships in Kish Island, Iran. In 2010, Aftab participated in the Youth Olympics in Singapore in 2010 and also in the Youth Olympics in 2014. Aftab quit taekwondo in 2015. She became the first female athlete to win a medal for Pakistan in an international competition. Aftab also represented Pakistan Army and was the national champion for seven consecutive years.

## Death

She was diagnosed with brain tumor two months before her death. She died on 23 October 2020 at the age of 25 in Islamabad. She was under treatment at the Shaukat Khanum Hospital, Lahore before her death and was discharged a few days before. Her death was condoled by various members of the sports fraternity. She was laid to rest in her hometown Vehari. She left behind a two-year-old son.
# Océanne Muller

Océanne Muller (born 2 January 2003) is a French sports shooter. She competed in the women's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics, finishing in fifth place. She won two gold medals at the 2022 Mediterranean Games held in Oran, Algeria.