# List of historic places in Clutha District

Clutha District is a territorial authority in the south of the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand. First occupied by the Māori, the region saw settlement by European sealers and whalers in the 1830s. They founded Port Molyneux near the mouth of the Clutha River. Although some European land claims were made in the region during the 1840s and 1850s, the discovery of gold in 1861 triggered the Otago gold rush and a large number of settlers. Coal mining developed in the district during the late 1860s. By the mid-20th century, mining had greatly declined. The district has become largely agricultural.
Heritage New Zealand classification of sites on the New Zealand Heritage List / Rārangi Kōrero, in accordance with the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014, distinguishes between Category 1 ("places of special or outstanding historical or cultural significance") and Category 2 ("places of historic or cultural significance"). Some sites important to Māori communities are given special classifications, although none of these sites are located within Clutha District itself. A total of sixty-three listed sites are located in Clutha District, including forty-seven Category 2 sites and fourteen Category 1 sites. The largest number of sites are in the communities of Lawrence and Inch Clutha.

## Places

List of historic places in Clutha District :
| Name | Classification | Location | Constructed | Registered | List number | Notes |
| Sir Truby King Railway Bridge | Category 2 | Near 85 Harrington Mill Road, Tahakopa | 1922–1923 | 2020 | 9727 | A railway bridge spanning the Tahakopa River. It allowed access for Truby King's privately-owned rail line which connected Tahakopa to his sawmill. The first bridge was built in 1916, which was replaced by another timber and iron bridge in 1922. The sawmill closed in 1929 and the bridge was abandoned. |
| Otago Pioneer Quartz Mine Complex | Category 1 | Waipori Road and Mitchells Flat Road, Waipori | 1862 | 2016 | 9692 | A quartz reef mine founded during the Otago gold rush. Mining began in 1862 when a group of prospectors discovered gold-bearing quartz at Waipori. The mine complex was used by around seventy different mining companies between its founding and its abandonment in 1912. |
| Balclutha Courthouse (former) | Category 2 | 1 Paisley Street and Renfrew Street, Balclutha | 1924–1926 | 2016 | 9690 | A one-storey brick and concrete courthouse designed by John Mair in 1924, replacing an earlier dilapidated structure. It was initially planned to be built with wood in 1913; residents were angered by the choice of material, and plans were shelved for the following decade. It was closed in 2011 over concerns of improper earthquake strengthening, and services were moved to Dunedin. |
| Tuapeka Mouth Punt and Jetty | Category 1 | Clutha River Road and Ferry Road, Tuapeka Mouth | 1895–1896, 1915 | 2013 | 9599 | The last remaining punt reaction ferry in New Zealand, previously a common solution to river crossings. An adjacent puntman's shed was demolished in 2011. |
| Black Horse Brewery Site | Category 1 | Wetherstons Road, Bluejacket Gully, Wetherstons | 1865 | 2013 | 9598 | The ruined remains of a brewery which operated from 1865 to 1923. Portions were demolished in the 1940s, but much of the site remains. |
| Maclennan Historic Area | Historic Area | 2256 – 2290 Papatowai Highway, Maclennan | 1913–1930 | 2019 | 9259 | A small community which emerged around a station of the Catlins River Branch in 1914. Built to sustain sawmills in the region, it declined as much of the surrounding forest was cleared. The rail line was closed in 1971. |
| Tuapeka Mouth School (former) and Memorial Gates | Category 2 | Tuapeka Mouth Road & Pit Road, Tuapeka Mouth | 1879, 1930 | 2011 | 9264 | A school building opened in 1879 to support the town of Tuapeka Mouth. Memorial gates were installed at the school in 1930 for its diamond jubilee. It was closed in 1949, and converted into a community centre and retreat camp. |
| Gabriel's Gully | Category 1 | Gabriels Gully Road and Blue Spur Road, Lawrence | 1861 | 2009 | 7789 | The site of the first major gold find in Otago in 1861, initiating the Otago gold rush. Hundreds of thousands of ounces of gold were produced at the site during the early 1860s. Although production declined, gold continued to be mined at the site until 1912, with intermittent activity during the 1930s. |
| Somerville Park | Category 2 | 92 Waitepeka Road, Waitepeka | 1860–1930s | 2007 | 7723 | The site of a flour mill during the mid-to-late 1800s. After a mill built at Warepa burnt down, a new mill was constructed by the Somerville family in Waitepeka. It was surrounded by various family houses, a general store, and supporting buildings. Although partially derelict, it continues to be owned by the family. |
| Stewart House (former) | Category 1 | Waitepeka School Road, Waitepeka | c. 1863 | 2006 | 7660 | A one-and-a-half storey wooden house built around 1863 by Donald Stewart. Unlike many other surviving early houses, it has never been retrofitted for later technologies. |
| Lawrence Chinese Graves Historic Area | Historic Area | Gabriel Street, Lawrence | - | 2004 | 7546 | A cemetery containing the graves of Chinese immigrant workers, mainly miners, who worked in the area's goldfields. One large above-ground tomb belongs to a prominent local hotelier, Sam Chiew Lain. |
| Lawrence Chinese Camp | Category 1 | 116 Lawrence-Beaumont Highway, Lawrence | 1869–1899 | 2019 | 7526 | A neighborhood settled by Chinese immigrant miners beginning around 1869. At its peak, it housed around 500 miners and their businesses. The population steadily declined after the 1880s, until it was abandoned in 1945. |
| Whareview | Category 2 | 3 Iona Street, Lawrence | late 1870s | 1993 | 7121 | A wooden cottage built around the late 1870s, it was given a major brick extension during the 1910s, when it fell under the ownership of brewer James Kerr Simpson. It remains a private residence. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Near Jack's Bay Road, Jack's Bay | - | 1985 | 5652 | A Māori midden. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Near Jack's Bay Road, Jack's Bay | - | 1985 | 5651 | A Māori midden. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Near Jack's Bay Road, Jack's Bay | - | 1985 | 5650 | A Māori midden. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Near Hinahina Road, Hinahina | - | 1985 | 5649 | A Māori midden. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Cannibal Bay, near New Haven | - | 1985 | 5648 | A Māori midden. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Near Kaka Point Road, Kaka Point | - | 1985 | 5647 | A Māori midden. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Near Nugget Point | - | 1985 | 5646 | A Māori midden. |
| Oven | Category 2 | Near Tahakopa | - | 1985 | 5631 | The remains of a Māori oven. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Near Chaslands Highway, Papatowai | - | 1985 | 5630 | A Māori midden. |
| Midden / Burial | Category 2 | Near Chaslands Highway, Papatowai | - | 1985 | 5629 | A Māori midden and burial site. |
| Midden | Category 2 | Southeast of Maclennan | - | 1985 | 5628 | A Māori midden. |
| Ovens | Category 2 | Near Pukeawa | - | 1985 | 5627 | The remains of Māori ovens. |
| David Johnston’s Boot Shop (former) | Category 2 | 27 Ross Place, Lawrence | 1880 | 1990 | 5237 | A one-storey brick store with a stone foundation, replacing an earlier building which burnt down. It continues to be used as a retail space. |
| Clark's Boot Store (former) | Category 2 | 15 Ross Place, Lawrence | c. 1880s | 1990 | 5236 | A single-storey brick storefront built at an unclear date in the late 19th century. It was used by various retailers until it was sold to a bootmaker who operated out of the building from 1910 to 1946. It has continued to rotate between various businesses. |
| Gilroy Homestead Cowshed | Category 2 | 66 Riverbank Road, Inch Clutha | - | 1990 | 5235 | Shares a site with the Gilroy Homestead (#5203) and the Gilroy Homestead Stables and Loft (#5204). |
| Bank of New South Wales (former) | Category 2 | 37 Ross Place and Peel Street, Lawrence | 1929 | 1990 | 5216 | A two-storey timber building built in 1929 by the prominent architectural firm Mason & Wales, replacing an earlier building built in 1865. It was sold in 1971 and converted into a private residence. |
| F. Martin Building (former) | Category 2 | 35 Ross Place, Lawrence | c. 1912 | 1990 | 5215 | A one-storey brick and corrugated iron building originally used as a bakery by Frederick Martin in the early 1910s. It served as a storefront for various businesses after Martin's death. It remains a retail location. |
| Bank of New Zealand (former) | Category 2 | 21 Ross Place and Lancaster Street, Lawrence | 1885–1886 | 1990 | 5214 | A two-storey brick building designed by Dunedin architect John Arthur Burnside. Originally a branch of the Bank of New Zealand, it was abandoned in the 1970s, but converted into a bar and restaurant in the mid-1990s. |
| Miller’s Temperance Hotel (former) | Category 2 | 20 Ross Place, Lawrence | 1886 | 1990 | 5213 | A two-storey brick building initially established as a temperance hotel. It was purchased and converted into a drapery store in 1898–1899, and has since hosted various shops. |
| Shops | Category 2 | 26 – 28 Ross Place, Lawrence | late 19th century | 1990 | 5212 | Two adjacent late 19th century shops along the main street of Lawrence. They are both brick buildings with timber facades. |
| Tuapeka Times Office (former) | Category 2 | 9 Ross Place, Lawrence | 1896 | 1990 | 5210 | It originally housed the Tuapeka Times, a local newspaper which moved into the building from an earlier office before 1896. The newspaper ceased publication in 1941, and the building has been owned by the Lawrence Athenaeum and Mining Institute since 1951. |
| Ashley Downs Homestead | Category 2 | 34 Taylor Road, Ashley Downs | after 1869 | 1990 | 5209 | Ashley Downs was a sheep run established in 1869 by John Gibson, who employed large numbers of teamsters, shepherds, and Chinese laborers on the estate. It was subdivided into smaller properties in 1907–1908. |
| Waiwera Hotel (former) | Category 2 | 4 Waiwera Station Road, Waiwera South | 1857 | 1990 | 5208 | A hotel which served miners headed towards the goldfields during the 1860s Otago gold rush. |
| Railway Bridge (Blair) | Category 2 | Main South Line, Balclutha | 1878 | 1990 | 5207 | A railway bridge of the Main South Line spanning the Clutha River. It was designed by District Engineer William Newsham Blair. During the 1960s and 1970s, the original timber trusses were replaced with steel. |
| Inveresk Barn and Mens' Quarters | Category 2 | 499 Kaitangata Highway, Inch Clutha | before 1894 | 1990 | 5206 | Farm established by settler Hay Gilroy, who arrived in the region in 1864. |
| Inveresk Homestead | Category 2 | 499 Kaitangata Highway, Inch Clutha | before 1894 | 1990 | 5205 | Farm established by settler Hay Gilroy, who arrived in the region in 1864. |
| Gilroy Homestead Stables and Loft | Category 2 | 66 Riverbank Road, Inch Clutha | - | 1990 | 5204 | Shares a site with the Gilroy Homestead (#5203) and the Gilroy Homestead Cowshed (#5235). |
| Gilroy Homestead | Category 2 | 66 Riverbank Road, Inch Clutha | - | 1990 | 5203 | Shares a site with the Gilroy Homestead Cowshed (#5235) and the Gilroy Homestead Stables and Loft (#5204). |
| Inch Clutha School House (former) | Category 2 | 186 Riverbank Road and Lawson Road, Inch Clutha | - | 1990 | 5202 | A school in Inch Clutha which operated from 1858 to 1878. |
| Balmoral Homestead | Category 2 | 147 Chicory Road, Inch Clutha | - | 1990 | 5201 | A homestead on the northern portion of the river island of Inch Clutha, close to the town of Balclutha. |
| Telford Woolshed and Stables | Category 2 | 92 Provincial Highway, Otanomomo | - | 1990 | 5199 | A large brick building initially housing a woolshed and stables. The farm property became the Telfold Farm Training Institute during the 1960s; the woolshed building was initially used as a workshop, but was converted into a library in 1995. |
| Lawrence Court House (former) | Category 1 | 4 Colonsay Street, Lawrence | 1874–1875 | 1991 | 5184 | A stone and concrete courthouse designed by Dunedin architect David Ross. It replaced an earlier court built on the site in 1866. The court closed in 1953. Although used by various government offices during the 1960s and 1970s, it fell vacant by the 2010s. |
| War Memorial and Peace Garden | Category 2 | Peel Street & Beaumont Highway, Lawrence | 1924–1925 | 1992 | 5183 | A concrete monument designed by Leslie D. Coombs in 1924–1925. It features a cupola sheltering an obelisk listing the names of local soldiers who died in service during the Second Boer War and the First World War, as well as some from the Second World War who were later added to the monument. |
| Clifton Homestead | Category 1 | 316 Waiwera Farms Road, Clifton | 1917–1919 | 1990 | 5181 | One of the largest homesteads in Otago, containing thirty-three rooms and a main hall measuring 32 m (105 ft) in length. It was designed by Edmund Anscombe for sheep farmer William Telford Jr. |
| Balclutha Bridge | Category 1 | State Highway 1, Balclutha | 1933–1935 | 1990 | 5180 | A reinforced six-span concrete tied-arch bridge crossing the Clutha River, with a total length of 244 m (800 ft). It was designed by William Newnham and opened in 1935. |
| McSkimming Hoffman Kiln | Category 1 | Benhar Road, Benhar | c. 1894 | 1990 | 5179 | The only Hoffmann kiln in New Zealand to retain its chimney and original appearance. The brickworks were closed after a major fire in 1990. A demolition of the kiln's chimney was halted by locals, and later protected by a heritage order. |
| Willowmeade Homestead | Category 1 | 22 Willowmeade Road, Puerua | 1858 | 1990 | 5178 | A homestead built in 1858 for British army officer John Richardson. Largely unaltered, it was sold in 1875 to pay off debts incurred by his son in Fiji. |
| Gregg and Co. Chicory Kiln (former) | Category 2 | Chicory Road, Inch Clutha | 1881 | 1990 | 3359 | A three-storey concrete kiln designed by Mason & Wales which processed chicory for use by a number of New Zealand coffee businesses, most notably Gregg's. |
| Clarendon Tollhouse (former) | Category 2 | 47 Waihola Highway, Helensbrook | 1863 | 2011 | 3212 | A small timber and iron tollhouse initially built in Waihola in 1863. It was moved to Clarendon in 1876, and later to Helensbrook (between Milburn and Milton), where it was used as a residence. It was restored by a locally-formed trust. |
| All Saints' Anglican Church (former) | Category 2 | 13 Forest Street and Kent Street, Tapanui | 1878 | 2010 | 2363 | An Anglican church designed in 1878 by prominent ecclesiastical architect Benjamin Mountfort. The congregation merged with another parish in 2007, and the church was repurposed as a gift shop by a new owner. |
| Tokomairiro Church (Presbyterian) | Category 1 | 30 - 34 Union Street, Milton | 1886–1889 | 2008 | 2250 | A large stone church designed by Robert Lawson and opened in 1889. Its spire reaches a height of 32 m (105 ft). The local parish now includes both Methodist and Presbyterian churches; the Tokomairiro Church is used only occasionally, mainly for funerals. |
| Lodge St George (former) | Category 2 | 5 Colonsay Street, Lawrence | 1878 | 2004 | 2249 | A masonic lodge hall built in 1878, replacing the lodge's previous meeting room at a local hotel. With declining populations in the region, the lodge hall was sold in 1993. Ten years later, it was purchased by a heritage trust. |
| St Patrick's Church School and Hall | Category 1 | 13 Colonsay Street, Lawrence | 1871–1872 | 1990 | 2248 | A large church school building designed by Robert Lawson and opened by Bishop Patrick Moran. It was used as both a church and school until the opening of the nearby St Patrick's Church twenty years later. In 1927, the school closed, and the building was converted to a community hall. |
| St Patrick's Church (Catholic) | Category 2 | 12 Colonsay Street and Lancaster Street, Lawrence | 1891–1892 | 2010 | 2247 | A timber and brick church designed by Francis Petre and opened in 1892. It replaced the first Catholic church in Otago, a corrugated iron building on the same plot. Falling into some disrepair, a fundraising programme in the 1990s helped restore the building. |
| Holy Trinity Anglican Church Bell Tower | Category 2 | 9 Whitehaven Street, Lawrence | 1890s | 2010 | 2245 | A freestanding wooden bell tower constructed in the 1890s. It was retained when the nearby church was demolished and rebuilt in the 1920s. |
| Lawrence Post Office (former) | Category 2 | 2 Colonsay Street and Peel Street, Lawrence | 1866 | 2004 | 2244 | An Italianate structure designed by Robert Lawson. It was initially used as a warden's court, but was converted to a post office in 1877. The post office vacated the premise and moved locations in 1973. The old building has since been largely unoccupied. |
| Lawrence Presbyterian Church (former) | Category 2 | 7 Colonsay Street, Lawrence | 1886 | 2004 | 2243 | A large church, initially with red brick, designed by Robert Lawson. The congregation sold the church in 1994, and it was converted into a private residence. Extensive repairs were made after an arson attack in 1998. |
| Anthem House | Category 2 | 17 Lawrence Street, Lawrence | 1902 | 2004 | 2242 | A residence built and originally occupied by John Joseph Woods, the composer of the national anthem God Defend New Zealand. |
| Telford Farm Training Institute Administration Block | Category 1 | 498 Owaka Highway, Otanomomo | 1869 | 1990 | 2127 | A Georgian-style stone house initially built for shepherd and landowner William Telford in 1869. In 1965 the property became the Telford Farm Training Institute. After a period in use as student and staff housing, it became an administrative building in 1970. |
| Horseshoe Bush Estate Site | Category 2 | 68 Driver Road, Clarendon | 1860s | 2011 | 2126 | An archaeological site containing the remains of a mid-19th century homestead and two stables. |

## Former site

This site was formerly listed on the New Zealand Heritage List, but is no longer extant.
Former historic places in Clutha District :
| Name | Classification | Location | Constructed | Registered | List number | Notes | Image | Ref. |
| Building | Category 2 | 13 Ross Place, Lawrence | Before 1880 | - | 5211 | A building built prior to the 1880s on land owned by Lawrence merchants Edward Herbert and Archibald McKinlay. It was demolished in the early 2000s due to health and safety concerns. | | |