OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colin Bell (journalist)

Colin J. Bell (1 April 1938 – 9 October 2021) was a Scottish journalist, broadcaster and author.
Bell was educated at St Paul's School, London, and King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1959 with a first-class degree in the Historical Tripos. He went on to become a journalist with various newspapers, including The Scotsman, and was once editor of The Scots Independent. He made the transition to broadcasting with BBC Radio Scotland in 1984.
Bell served the Scottish National Party (SNP) as Executive Vice-Chairman from 1978 to 1984, and was the party's Campaign Director for the European Parliament elections in 1984. In 1979 he stood as SNP Parliamentary Candidate for Edinburgh West, and also as the European Parliamentary Candidate for North East Scotland that same year. In June 1996, he was the 13th Scot to be presented with the Oliver Brown Award. He later left the SNP to join the Scottish Socialist Party.
Bell wrote Murder Trail: Death for a Living. He served as Rector of Aberdeen University from 1991 to 1993.
Bell died on 9 October 2021, at the age of 83.

## Footnotes

* ↑ 'Cambridge Tripos Results', Times, 26 June 1959.
* 1 2 3 "Dr Colin Bell". Scots Independent. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
* ↑ "Candidates and Constituency Assessments: Edinburgh West". Scottish Politics Research Unit. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
* ↑ "European Parliamentary Elections: North-east Scotland". Scottish Politics Research Unit. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
* ↑ "Dr Colin Bell". Scots Independent. 11 May 2001. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
* ↑ Arnold Kemp (13 May 2001). "Devolution's sweet honeytrap". The Observer. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
* ↑ "Murder Trail". Foyles. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
* ↑ Colin Bell (academic) (2002). Murder trail : death for a living. London: Grenada Media. ISBN 978-0-233-05099-7.
* ↑ "Obituary: Colin Bell, formidable broadcaster who delighted in being intellectually provocative". The Herald. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
Party political offices :
| Preceded byStephen Maxwell | Scottish National Party Vice Chairman (Publicity) 1979?–1981? | Succeeded byIsobel Lindsay |
| Preceded byIsobel Lindsay | Scottish National Party Vice Chairman (Publicity) 1984–1985 | Succeeded byAlex Salmond |
| Academic offices |||
| Preceded byWillis Pickard | Rector of the University of Aberdeen 1991–1993 | Succeeded byIan Hamilton |
* This article about a British journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Amos J. Cummings

Amos Jay Cummings (May 15, 1841 – May 2, 1902) was an American newspaperman, Civil War veteran, and politician who served as a United States Representative from New York from 1889 to 1894, and from 1895 to 1902.
He was a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.

## Biography

Born in Conklin, New York, Cummings attended the common schools before being apprenticed to the printing trade at age twelve.
Cummings claimed he was with William Walker in his last invasion of Nicaragua in October 1858, but this is disputed by Cummings' biographer.
During the Civil War, Cummings enlisted in the army at Irvington, New Jersey, in September 1862 and served as a sergeant major in the 26th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Regiment. He earned the Medal of Honor on May 4, 1863, at Salem Heights, Virginia. His official citation reads: "Rendered great assistance in the heat of the action in rescuing a part of the field batteries from an extremely dangerous and exposed position." His medal was not awarded until several decades later, on March 28, 1894. He was mustered out in June 1863.

### Journalism

After his military service, Cummings filled editorial positions for the New York Tribune under Horace Greeley. He later worked for The New York Sun and the New York Express. He published a series of popular travel accounts of Florida and the American West for The New York Sun.

### Congress

Cummings was elected as a Democrat to the 50th Congress (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889). He declined renomination in 1888, but was subsequently elected to the 51st Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Samuel S. Cox. He was reelected to the 52nd and 53rd Congresses and served from November 5, 1889, to November 21, 1894, when he resigned. He served as chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs during the 53rd Congress.
Cummings was elected to the 54th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative-elect Andrew J. Campbell. He was reelected to the 55th, 56th, and 57th Congresses, serving from November 5, 1895, until his death on May 2, 1902.
Cummings died in Baltimore, Maryland of pneumonia on May 2, 1902. He was interred in Clinton Cemetery in Irvington, New Jersey.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Sergeant Major, 26th New Jersey Infantry. Place and date: At Salem Heights, Va., 4 May 1863. Entered service at: Irvington, N.J. Born: 15 May 1841, Conklin, N.Y. Date of issue. 28 March 1894.
Citation:
   Rendered great assistance in the heat of the action in rescuing a part of the field batteries from an extremely dangerous and exposed position.
# Medynia Głogowska

Medynia Głogowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarna, within Łańcut County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Łańcut and 17 km (11 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.
# Yatala Tissa, Prince of Ruhuna

Yatala Tissa was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the Kingdom of Ruhuna in the southern region of the island. The Kingdom of Ruhuna was a subkingdom loyal to the King of Anuradhapura.
# Death to Art

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Australian | |
| The Guardian | |
Death to Art is the seventh studio album by Australian alternative rock band TISM, released on 4 October 2024 through their own label genre.b.goode and DRW Entertainment. It is the band's first full-length album in 20 years, since The White Albun in 2004. It is also their first studio album to feature Vladimir Lenin-McCartney as lead guitarist: TISM's previous lead guitarist, Tokin' Blackman, passed away from lung cancer in 2008, having been with the band from 1991 to the band's hiatus in 2004.
At 80 minutes and 20 seconds, it is the band's longest studio album.
The album was released in three editions: standard CD and LP editions and a unique "censored" LP mix, with early mixes of selected tracks and the words "death to art" handwritten on the cover and labels.
The album charted at number 15 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It is their sixth album to reach the top 50, and their highest charting album since Machiavelli and the Four Seasons in 1995.

## Track listing

Notes
* "Old Skool TISM" was first recited as a diatribe at the end of TISM's 2022 warmup shows for Good Things Festival, but not at the festival shows themselves.
* "Death to Art" (then known as "Destroy All Art"), "Everybody Needs Somebody to Hate" (known only by the last three words) and the song version of "Old Skool TISM" made their live debut on 24 February 2024 at a warmup show in Frankston for the band's performance at MONA FOMA in Launceston, alongside "The 'C' Word".
* The version of "Cunts v Cunts" released on streaming and download services bleeps out the line "It's Hitler v. Stalin". "Mein Bandkampf" is also listed on those services as "Bash It Up Your Ginger".

## Charts

Chart performance for Death to Art :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 15 |
| Australian Independent Albums (AIR) | 2 |
| Australian Independent Label Albums (AIR) | 2 |
# Lincoln County High School (Tennessee)

Lincoln County High School (LCHS) is a high school located in Fayetteville, Tennessee. The school first opened for the 1979-1980 school year, with the first graduating class in 1980. LCHS serves grades 9-12, and is located at 1233 Huntsville Highway. The overall school letter grade was a B during the 2023-24 school year.

## History

Lincoln County opened its doors in 1979 as a comprehensive high school, unifying several smaller community high schools.

## Demographics

Lincoln County High School has 120 support and professional staff. The school population is 88.2% Caucasian, 7.2% Hispanic, 2% African American, and 1.9% are two or more races. Economically disadvantaged students make up 20% of the school population, as defined by the amount who are on direct certification.

## Notable alumni

* Ricky Blake, former NFL and CFL player
* Lamar Divens, former NFL player
* Kelly Holcomb, former NFL player
* Anthony Shelton, former NFL and CFL player
* Sharon Price John, businesswoman and podcast host
* Alex Dixon, certified stunna boy
# Aloe framesii

Aloe framesii is a plant belonging to the genus Aloe. In South Africa, the species is native to the Western Cape and the Northern Cape and occurs on the coast from Port Nolloth to Saldanha Bay.
# Jaime Creus Martí

Jaime Creus Martí was a Spanish cleric, Bishop of Menorca (1815–1820) and Archbishop of Tarragona (1820–1825).
He was one of the three members, together with Bernardo Mozo de Rosales, Marquis of Mataflorida and Baron de Eroles, of the Urgel Regency (1822-23), established during the Liberal Triennium (Trienio Liberal), by the Spanish absolutists, or Royalists, supporters of Fernando VII, who opposed the Constitutional Government that (basing itself on the Spanish Constitution of 1812) had resulted from the Spanish Revolution of 1820.
# Tar Tunnel

The Tar Tunnel is an abandoned tunnel located on the north bank of the River Severn in the Ironbridge Gorge at Coalport, England. It is one of ten Ironbridge Gorge Museums attractions administered by the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust.
Miners struck a gushing spring of natural bitumen, a black treacle-like substance, when digging a canal tunnel for the Coalport Canal in 1787, or else digging a level in search of coal. The plan, proposed by William Reynolds, was to connect the canal alongside the River Severn to the lower galleries of the mines below the Blists Hill area. After digging around 3,000 feet (910 m) into the hill the canal project was abandoned in favour of bitumen extraction.
The tunnel was a great curiosity in the eighteenth century and bitumen still oozes gently from the brick walls today. Bitumen's chief commercial use at the time was to treat and weatherproof ropes and caulk wooden ships, but small amounts were processed and bottled as 'Betton's British Oil', a panacea remedy for rheumatism and scurvy. After the canal project was abandoned the Hay Inclined Plane was built instead, its base being alongside the canal basin.
In the past visitors were provided with hard hats and were able to enter the first 300 feet (91 m) of the brick-lined tunnel as far as an iron gate. Electric lighting is provided. Due to a build up of gas in the tunnel, it is unsafe to enter but visitors can still get a view along part of its length from the entrance.
# Diego Ribera de Toledo

Diego Ribera de Toledo (died 6 February 1543) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Segovia (1511–1543) and Bishop of Mallorca (1507–1508).

## Biography

On 22 December 1507, Diego Ribera de Toledo was appointed by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Julius II as Bishop of Mallorca. In 1508, he was consecrated bishop by Adrianus Appelkeren, Titular Bishop of Sebaste in Cilicia. On 29 October 1511, he was appointed by Pope Julius II as Bishop of Segovia. He served as Bishop of Segovia until his death on 6 February 1543. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Adriaan Florenszoom Dedel, Bishop of Tortosa; and Juan de Zumárraga, Bishop of México.
# Francisco Villagutiérrez Chumacero

Francisco Villagutiérrez Chumacero (1587–1652) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo (1646–1652).

## Biography

Francisco Villagutiérrez Chumacero was born in Valladolid, Spain in 1587 and ordained a priest in the Order of Saint Augustine. On 19 Feb 1646, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo and Titular Bishop of Troas. He served as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo until his death in 1652.
# Diego de la Calzada

Diego de la Calzada was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo (1578–1589?).

## Biography

On 17 February 1578, Diego de la Calzada was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo and Titular Bishop of Salona. While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Francisco Trujillo García, Bishop of León (1578); Antonio Manrique, Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada (1587); Antonio Zapata y Cisneros, Bishop of Cádiz (1587); Pedro Portocarrero (bishop), Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada (1589), and Juan de Zuazola, Bishop of Astorga (1589).
# Pedro Ruiz de la Camera

Pedro Ruiz de la Camera was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo (1524).
De la Camera was ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 18 April 1524, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VII as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo and Titular Bishop of Salona.
# 10B

10B or X-B may refer to:
* Oflag X-B, a World War II German POW camp for officers located near Nienburg am Weser
* Stalag X-B, a World War II German Prisoner-of-war camp located near Sandbostel
* A Mazda Wankel engine model
* Boron-10 ($^{10}$B), an isotope of boron
# Francisco Guerra (bishop)

Francisco Guerra (1587 – 3 December 1657) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Plasencia (1655–1656) and Bishop of Cádiz (1642–1655).

## Biography

Francisco Guerra was born in Villagarcía de Campos, Spain in 1587 and appointed a priest in the Order of Friars Minor. On 17 February 1642, he was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Cádiz. On 26 May 1655, he was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Alexander VII as Bishop of Plasencia. He served as Bishop of Plasencia until his death on 3 December 1657.
# Niuheliang railway station

The Niuheliang railway station is a railway station of Jingshen Passenger Railway that is located in Machang Village, Chengguan Subdistrict, Lingyuan, Chaoyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. The station was designed by Fu Pengfei, inspired by 'blooming lilies'.
It is a bordering station of China Railway Shenyang Group, while its neighbour Pingquan North railway station belongs to China Railway Beijing Group.
# Poor Conrad

The Poor Conrad (German: Armer Konrad, also Armer Kunz) was the name of several secret peasants' leagues, which in 1514 revolted against the rule of Duke Ulrich of Württemberg. The rebels adopted the term used by the nobility to mock them, meaning "poor fellow" or "poor devil". The battle flag of the rebels depicted a farmer lying in front of a cross, under the words Der arme Conrad.

## History

Duke Ulrich's excessive lifestyle had badly dented the Württemberg treasury, while the rural population was increasingly beset by their seignory under the condition of serfdom. Instead of cutting down his expenses, the duke raised further taxes in 1513 to finance his planned campaign against the Duchy of Burgundy. As the citizens of Stuttgart and Tübingen refused to pay a wealth tax, he had an excise imposed on meat, wine, and fruit to the disadvantage of the unprivileged population. The crop failures of 1508 and 1513 meant that small farmers were unable to pay the new taxes. This in turn, led to a hike in food prices. In order to collect the tax, Ulrich had the unit of measurement of weight reduced, a move which aroused general indignation. For example, for the price of one kilogram of flour, one received only 700 grammes.
As a protest against the measure, Peter Gaiß (Gaispeter) from Beutelsbach carried out a "trial by ordeal" on 2 May 1514: the new weights of Duke Ulrich were to be thrown in the Rems River at Großheppach. Were they to float, they would be legitimized; were they to sink, they would be proven fraudulent. As was to be expected, the ordeal "proved" the peasants right.
The next day, the authorities reacted and insisted on the surrender of the weights, a demand that Peter Gaiß rejected. Instead he convoked a growing crowd of dissatisfied peasants, which moved to the nearby town of Schorndorf, where little damage was inflicted, but the duke was so concerned that he dropped the unpopular tax. This calmed the situation in the Rems Valley temporarily.
Shortly thereafter, however, further riots broke out in Leonberg and Grüningen, encouraged by town priest Rainhard Gaißlin. Peter Gaiß also travelled again across the country, persuading people to riot against Duke Ulrich. In mid-July, the rebels occupied Schorndorf for ten days; the Duke narrowly escaped the turmoil. Marching through the Württemberg estates, the rebels set up a camp on the Kappelberg spur near Beutelsbach. However, news of approaching well-armed ducal troops persuaded more and more rebels to leave the camp. Finally the Poor Conrad rebellion collapsed quietly. Ducal troops occupied the Rems Valley without resistance, hauling the remaining 1,700 rebels off to Schorndorf, where they were tortured, imprisoned, and their commanders beheaded. Fines had to be paid, and they were deprived of their rights.

## Legacy

The peace did not last long. Some ten years later, the rural population rebelled again, leading to the German Peasants' War.
2014 marked the 500th anniversary of the rebellion. A stamp was issued and several exhibitions were held in Fellbach, Schorndorf, Weinstadt and Waiblingen.
# Eileen Abdulrashid

Eileen Abdulrashid (also known as Elieen Nelson) is an American artist and craftsperson who is known for her work in enamel on copper.

## Early life and family

Eileen Abdulrashid is African-American, she grew up in California and then spent time in Illinois. Her cousin is the artist Senga Nengudi.
Abdulrashid studied at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, the American Academy of Art in Chicago (now known as American Academy of Art College), and the Institute of Design in Chicago (which merged to become the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1949).

## Career

Abdulrashid is known for being a part of the first exhibition of contemporary African-American women artists in the United States, Sapphire: You've Come a Long Way, Baby held at Suzanne Jackson's Gallery 32 in Los Angeles in 1970. Other participating artists included Betye Saar, Gloria Bohanon, Suzanne Jackson, Yvonne Cole Meo, and Senga Nengudi (listed as "S. Irons"). She also held a solo show at Gallery 32 in 1970, The Structural Flow of Our Environment: Eileen Abdulrashid.
Abdulrashid was one of nineteen artists featured in the Mills College Art Gallery-organized, traveling exhibition 1970 California Black Craftsmen (1970), alongside Gloria Bohanon, Sheryle Butler, Hubert Collins, Dale Brockman Davis, Ibibio Fundi, Manuel Gomez, Vernita Henderson, Ernest Leroy Herbert, Ben James, Bob Jefferson, Doyle Lane, William Maxwell, Evangeline Montgomery, John Outterbridge, Donald R. Stinson, Carole Ward, Curtis Tann, and Harry S. Richardson. She attended the National Conference of Artists in New York with artists David Hammons, Betye Saar, and Dan Concholar in 1973.
Abdulrashid has exhibited at a number of galleries in both Chicago and Los Angeles. In Chicago she has shown works at the Art Institute, Fie Gallery, H. Horner Gallery, South Side Art Center, Arts Gallery, and the East Gallery. Los Angeles venues have included the Brockman Gallery, Gallery 32, and the Central 1015 Gallery. At an exhibition at the Foyer Gallery in the Marin County Civic Center in 1975, her works included paintings, drawings, sculpture, and enamel-work, and they incorporated a wide variety of materials.
# Lâm Hà district

Lâm Hà is a rural district of Lâm Đồng province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.

## History

Lâm Hà is the destination of Hanoians going to reclaim virgin soil, showing in its name: Lâm is from Lâm Đồng and Hà is the short form of Hanoi.

## Culture

Lâm Hà is the home of a famous product: King- offering bananas named Laba. A tourist attraction here is Elephant Falls (Vietnamese: Thác Voi).

## Geography

As of 2003, Lâm Hà rural district had a population of 135,809. The district covers an area of 979 km².
The district capital lies at Đình Văn township.
# Fernando Álvarez de Miranda

Fernando Álvarez de Miranda y Torres (14 January 1924 – 7 May 2016) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, and university professor of Procedural Law. He was president of the Congress of Deputies from 1977 to 1979, the first after Spain's transition to democracy. From 1994 to 1999 he was Ombudsman of Spain.

## Biography

Álvarez de Miranda studied law at the University of Madrid, where he later taught procedural law. Of Christian democratic and monarchist ideology, he was deported to Fuerteventura by the Francoist government for assisting to the 4th Congress of the European Movement International, celebrated in Munich in 1962. He was a member of Juan de Borbón's privy council.

### Political career

During the Spanish Transition, Álvarez de Miranda founded the Christian Democratic Left, a split of the Democratic Left. The party joined several other Christian democratic parties to form the Christian Democrat Party, which was itself eventually integrated into the Union of the Democratic Centre. Álvarez de Miranda was elected to the Congress of Deputies after the 1977 Spanish general election and was President of the Congress during the Constituent Legislature. He was also Ambassador of Spain in El Salvador from 1986 to 1989 and Defender of the People (Ombudsman) of Spain from 1994 to 1999.
# NGC 2523

NGC 2523 is a barred spiral galaxy located around 168 million light-years away in the constellation Camelopardalis. NGC 2523 was discovered on 7 September 1885 by the American astronomer Edward Swift, and is approximately 120,000 light-years across. NGC 2523 does not have much star formation, and it does not have an active galactic nucleus.
NGC 2523 is one of several galaxies chosen by Halton Arp as an example of a spiral galaxy that has a separation of one of its arms. It is listed in Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 9.

## NGC 2523 group

According to A.M. Garcia, NGC 2523 is the largest and brightest galaxy of the NGC 2523 Group (also known as LGG 154), which contains 5 galaxies, including NGC 2441, NGC 2550A, UGC 4041, and UGC 4199.

## Supernova

One supernova has been observed in NGC 2523: SN 2024aeee (type II, mag. 16) was discovered by Shinichi Ono on 17 December 2024.
# National Cycle Route 544

The National Cycle Route 544 is a Sustrans regional route in the North Wessex Downs of southern Oxfordshire, linking Wantage and Didcot. The route is 12 miles (19 km) long, and overlaps with part of the ancient Icknield Way and frequently links to The Ridgeway National Trail.

## Route

The starts in the east of Didcot and passes between East and West Hagbourne as a traffic-free bridle-way and track, partly using a disused railway embankment. The path continues through Upton, merging with the Icknield Way as it continues west, behind Harwell and East Hendred, through the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus. The route then follows a quiet country lane through the Lockinge Estate, including East and West Ginge, and East and West Lockinge. The route finishes in Wantage near Letcombe Brook.
The route is frequently used by commuters between Wantage, Didcot and the Harwell research centre. There is an art trail between Didcot and Upton.

## Changes

In 2020, Chilton Road was closed to motorised traffic. In 2022, the change was made permanent. The change created a traffic-free stretch west of Upton.