OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ushguli

Ushguli (Georgian: უშგული) is a community of five medieval villages located at the head of the Enguri gorge in Svaneti, Georgia. Ushguli is one of the highest continuously inhabited settlements in Europe. Compared to somewhat more developed towns like Mestia, Ushguli is not in an accessible location, which has preserved many of the villages' medieval characteristics, including unique defensive tower houses called Svan towers. Because of their preservation and traditional architecture, Ushguli, Mestia, and the surrounding area was recognized as the Upper Svaneti UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.

## Location and features

Ushguli is located at an altitude of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) near the foot of Shkhara, one of the highest summits of the Greater Caucasus mountains. About 70 families (about 200 people) live in the area, enough to support a small school. The area is snow-covered for 6 months of the year, and often the road to Mestia is impassable.
The Lamaria church (named for the goddess Lamaria in Svaneti mythology) in Zhibiani is located on a hilltop dominating the village. The chapel dates back to the 12th century and contains Georgian Golden Age-era frescoes.
The most notable feature of the villages in Ushguli are the defensive tower houses found throughout the community. These houses are between 3-5 stories tall were built primarily between the 9th and 12th centuries. Although many of the towers in the lower towns such as Mestia have fallen into disrepair, the isolation of Ushguli has preserved the towers. Chazhashi, one of the villages within the community, contains over 200 of these towers and has been preserved as a Museum-Reserve.
The Mikhail Kalatozov silent film documentary Salt for Svanetia was filmed in Ushguli.

## Constituent villages of Ushguli

Zhibiani (Georgian: ჟიბიანი) some 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) above sea level;  Chvibiani or Chubiani (Georgian: ჩვიბიანი);  Chazhashi or Chajashi (Georgian: ჩაჟაში);  Murqmeli (Georgian: მურყმელი);  Lamjurishi (Georgian: ლამჯურიში).
# Anselme Payen

Anselme Payen (French:; 6 January 1795 – 12 May 1871) was a French chemist known for discovering the enzyme diastase, and the carbohydrate cellulose.

## Biography

Payen was born in Paris. He began studying science with his father when he was a 13-year-old, and later studied Chemistry at the École Polytechnique under the chemists Louis Nicolas Vauquelin and Michel Eugène Chevreul.
At the age of 23, Payen became manager of a borax-refining factory, where he developed a process for synthesizing borax from soda and boric acid. Previously, all borax had been imported from the East Indies exclusively by the Dutch. Payen's new method of synthesizing borax allowed him to sell the mineral at one third the going price, and break the Dutch monopoly.
Payen also developed processes for refining sugar, along with a way to refine starch and alcohol from potatoes, and a method for determination of nitrogen. Payen invented a decolorimeter, which dealt with the analysis, decolorization, bleaching, and crystallization of sugar.
Payen discovered the first enzyme, diastase, in 1833. He is also known for isolating and naming the carbohydrate cellulose.
In 1835, Payen became a professor at École Centrale Paris. He was later elected professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers. He died in Paris on May 13, 1871.

## Legacy

The American Chemical Society's Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division has established an annual award in his honor, the Anselme Payen Award.
# Pollywood

Pollywood may refer to
* Pashto cinema, the Pashto-language film industry in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Punjabi cinema, the Punjabi-language film industry in the Indian state of Punjab
# Polystichum × potteri

Polystichum × potteri, known as Potter's holly fern, is a hybrid between Polystichum braunii and Polystichum acrostichoides. It is named for Henry Potter, a Vermont farmer and botanist.

## Range

Potter's holly fern has been documented in Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Maine, Massachusetts, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.

## Taxonomy

Though formally described by David Barrington in 1986, this hybrid was first reported in 1940 by Thompson and Coffin.
# Xylodromus fleischeri

Xylodromus fleischeri is a species of rove beetle in the Omaliinae subfamily that is endemic to Romania.
The species is named after Antonin Fleischer.
# Rutsker

Rutsker is a small settlement in Rutsker Parish on the Danish island of Bornholm. It is situated in the north western part of the island, 3 km northeast of Hasle. The populated area lies immediately south of Ruth's Church. As of 2009, Rutsker has a population of 64, nine less than in 2004.

## Description

The locality is best known for Ruth's Church, from which it takes its name, "ker" meaning church in the Bornholm dialect. Standing on a hilltop 130 metres (430 ft) above sea level, it is the highest-lying church in Denmark. Commanding views over the surrounding countryside, it formerly served as a landmark for sailors in the Baltic Sea. Built in the Romanesque style around 1200, much of the original structure has been replaced by extension and reconstruction work. Its separately standing half-timbered bell tower is characteristic of Bornholm churches. With its adjacent rectory, the church stands high above the houses in the locality.

## Notable inhabitants

In the 17th century, Poul Ancher, who was the local priest from 1654 to 1697 fought for Bornholm's independence from the Swedes. Rutsker was also the birthplace of Michael Ancher (1849–1927), a key member of the impressionist Skagen Painters.
# Persoz pendulum

A Persoz pendulum is a device used for measuring hardness of materials. The instrument consists of a pendulum which is free to swing on two balls resting on a coated test panel. The pendulum hardness test is based on the principle that the amplitude of the pendulum's oscillation will decrease more quickly when supported on a softer surface. The hardness of any given coating is given by the number of oscillations made by the pendulum within the specified limits of amplitude determined by accurately positioned photo sensors. An electronic counter records the number of swings made by the pendulum

## Construction

The pendulum consists of balls which rest on the coating under test and form the fulcrum. The Persoz pendulum is very similar to the Konig pendulum. Both employ the same principle, that is the softer the coating the more the pendulum oscillations are damped and the shorter the time needed for the amplitude of oscillation to be reduced by a specified amount. The two pendulums differ in shape, mass and oscillation time, and there is no general relationship between the results obtained using the two pieces of equipment. In either case, the test simply involves noting the time in seconds for the amplitude of swing to decrease from either 6 to 3 degrees (Konig pendulum) or 12 to 4 degrees (Persoz pendulum).
# Fontcouverte-la-Toussuire

Fontcouverte-la-Toussuire (French pronunciation:; before 1987: Fontcouverte) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It contains the ski resort La Toussuire.
# Kazi Golam Rasul

Kazi Golam Rasul (Bengali: কাজী গোলাম রসূল) was a Bangladeshi judge who is known for his verdict in the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman case in 1998.

## Early life

Rasul was born in 1942 in Begumganj Thana, Noakhali District, East Bengal, British Raj.

## Career

On 12 March 1997, the trial in the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman case began with six accused in custody. Abdul Kahhar Akhand was the investigation officer of the case filed by AFM Mohitul Islam. On 8 November 1998, Rasul handed death sentences to 15 accused in the case over the assassination in 1975 of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, founding father of Bangladesh and father of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. He was the Dhaka district and sessions judge. The convicts were to be executed by a fire squad according to the verdict.
Clashes were reported following the verdict in Dhaka between Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Awami League supporters. An Awami League affiliated politician, Waliur Rahman, was shot dead. In Chittagong violence broke out following the verdict. He retired after the verdict in 1998.
Rasul served as a legal advisor to the National Bank. He was also a member of the Public Service Commission.

## Death

Rasul died on 11 December 2014 at the United Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina visited United Hospital and personally expressed her condolences to the family.
# Renfrew Wolves

The Renfrew Wolves are a Junior ice hockey team in the Central Canada Hockey League (CCHL) based in Renfrew, Ontario.

## Arena

The team plays its home games at the myFM Centre in Ma-te-way Park, Renfrew, Ontario. The arena underwent significant renovations in the years leading up to the Wolves' arrival, with the project ultimately going significantly over budget and becoming the subject of controversy and investigations.

## History

The Wolves formed from the sale and relocation of the Kanata Lasers in 2020. The 2020–21 CCHL season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the Wolves debuted in the 2021–22 CCHL season, making the playoffs in their inaugural season.
In the 2024 off-season, the team saw significant changes to its management and coaching staff. General Manager and Coach Ryan Leonard was relieved of his duties in April 2024. He was replaced by Pat Norton, who was then himself replaced by Jerrett DeFazio in June 2024. Jason Gould was subsequently hired as head coach.
Season-by-season record :
| Season | GP | W | L | OTL | SOL | Pts | Finish | Playoffs |
| 2021–22 | 55 | 35 | 17 | 1 | 2 | 73 | 2nd in division 3rd overall | Won 1st round, 4-2 (Kemptville 73's) Lost 2nd round, 4-1 (Ottawa Jr. Senators) |
| 2022–23 | 55 | 30 | 18 | 4 | 3 | 67 | 2nd in division 5th overall | Won 1st round, 4-1 (Hawkesbury Hawks) Lost 2nd round, 4-1 (Smiths Falls Bears) |
| 2023–24 | 55 | 32 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 67 | 2nd in division 5th overall | Lost 1st round, 4-2 (Rockland Nationals) |
Source: "Renfrew Wolves hockey team statistics and history". hockeydb.com. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
# An Empire of Their Own

An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood is a 1988 non-fiction book whose topic is the careers of several prominent Jewish film producers in the early years of Hollywood. Author Neal Gabler focuses on the psychological motivations of these film moguls, arguing that their background as Jewish immigrants shaped their careers and influenced the movies they made.

## Themes

Gabler's main thesis is that these producers (whom Gabler terms "Hollywood Jews") generally came from poor, fatherless backgrounds, and felt like outsiders in America because of their Jewishness. In Hollywood, these producers were able to run their own industry, assimilate into the American mainstream, and produce movies that fulfilled their vision of the American Dream. In an interview with LA Times, Gabler speaks about the title of the book and American Dream:
   They had a hunger for assimilation and, in the face of resistance and exclusion, "the Jews could simply create new a country--an empire of their own, so to speak . . . an America where fathers were strong, families stable, people attractive, resilient, resourceful, and decent." The 20th-Century American Dream was to a considerable degree depicted and defined by Hollywood.
Gabler asserts that the nature of their business and their movies can often be traced back to their feelings of alienation as immigrants.
The book also explains that the business background of the Hollywood Jews in theatre-ownership, retail distribution, and the garment industry shaped the approach these studio owners took to crafting movies for a popular audience, one similar to the marketing of films as commodities as well as works of art.
The title of the book is a reference to F. Scott Fitzgerald's unfinished novel The Last Tycoon, in which Fitzgerald describes his protagonist, Monroe Stahr (a character inspired by the producer Irving Thalberg) as "coming home to an empire of his own—an empire he has made." The book won the 1989 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for history and the 1989 Theatre Library Association Award.

## Adaptations

The book was adapted into a documentary film in 1998, a decade after the book was published. The movie has two titles: Hollywoodism: Jews, Movies and the American Dream (original title for A&E) and Hollywood: An Empire of Their Own (title for video/DVD). The documentary won an award for Best Jewish Experience Documentary at the 1998 Jerusalem Film Festival.
# Helen Richey (dancer)

Helen Richey (born c. 1945) is a former competitive ballroom and latin dancer and is now a dance coach and judge. She appeared as a judge in the Australian television series Dancing with the Stars from the 1st to the 15th season.

## Biography

Richey was born c.1945 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. She started dancing at a very early age, studying Ballet and Tap. At 15, she won the coveted Lily Ellison Award and two years later she met her future husband Robert, taking up Ballroom and Latin dancing. After winning the Australian Rising Stars Ballroom Championship, they travelled to the United Kingdom to further their dancing careers. Originally planning to visit for six months, they stayed for 27 years.
Her competitive career included becoming undefeated All England Latin Champion as well as the South of England Latin Champion and the Imperial Latin Champion. In the major international events, Helen was placed third in the World Professional Latin Championship, equal third in the British Professional Latin Championship, runner-up in the United Kingdom Professional Latin and was twice placed third in the International Professional Latin Championship. For seven consecutive years, Helen was a Grand Finalist in the British Professional Championship, one of the most prestigious events. She was also Australia's official representative in the World Championships in both the Ballroom and Latin Styles for over 10 years and was a regular semi-finalist in the Ballroom Style.
After retiring from competitive dancing, Helen has become one of the world's leading coaches and most sought-after adjudicators. She has judged the national dance championships of almost every country in the world. Helen has coached World Champions, British Champions and Australian Champions. Many of the professional dancers in all of the series of Dancing with the Stars have been trained wholly or in part by Helen.
# Hamel, Illinois

Hamel is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 929 at the 2020 census, up from 816 in 2010. It is a part of the Illinois Metro East portion of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

## Geography

Hamel is located in northeastern Madison County at 38°53′15″N 89°50′38″W﻿ / ﻿38.88750°N 89.84389°W﻿ / 38.88750; -89.84389 (38.887524, -89.843949). Interstate 55 passes through the east side of the village, leading southwest 30 miles (48 km) to St. Louis and north 65 miles (105 km) to Springfield, the Illinois capital. Illinois Route 140 passes through the center of Hamel as State Street, leading east 23 miles (37 km) to Greenville and west 19 miles (31 km) to Alton.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Hamel has a total area of 1.20 square miles (3.11 km$^2$), of which 0.01 square miles (0.03 km$^2$), or 0.75%, are water. Hamel is drained to the south by tributaries of Silver Creek, a south-flowing tributary of the Kaskaskia River.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 570 people, 233 households, and 170 families living in the village. The population density was 491.3 inhabitants per square mile (189.7/km$^2$). There were 242 housing units at an average density of 208.6 per square mile (80.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the village was 98.25% White, 0.35% from other races, and 1.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.53% of the population.
There were 233 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $45,750, and the median income for a family was $55,694. Males had a median income of $41,023 versus $24,028 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,062. About 4.0% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Jaquelin Hume Foundation

The Jaquelin Hume Foundation is a 501(c)(3) organization "support[ing] free-market solutions to education reform," and funds many right-wing and libertarian organizations. Established in 1962 and headquartered in San Francisco, California. Businessman Jaquelin Hume began financing various free-market policies and started focusing its money more specifically in education reform "including charter schools, vouchers, standards and curricula,". It has granted donations to the Center for Education Reform, the State Policy Network, the Institute for Justice, the Alliance for School Choice, and the Association of American Educators.
The foundation was created by Jaquelin Hume, a man whom "championed free-market ideals through education and public policy funding". In his earlier years, Hume also helped create the Foundation for Teaching Economics. This focused on teaching high school students and economic teachers about free marketing. Another organization Hume helped to create was in support of anti-Communism, called the Campaign for America. After Hume died, his foundation continued to focus on the same ideals. However, the trustees of the foundation soon realized that their wide range of philanthropies was not making a big impact on society. The foundation then started to focus only on education, which they believe is very important. The foundation focuses on reforming schools, and encouraging people to create a change.
# Laia Tutzó

Laia Lluisa Tutzó Moreno (born 9 October 1980) is a Spanish former sailor, who specialized in the two-person dinghy (470) and Yngling classes. Together with her partner Natalia Vía Dufresne, a four-time Olympian and a double silver medalist, she was named one of the country's top sailors in the double-handed dinghy for the 2008 Summer Olympics, rounding out the top-ten crews in the final race. Outside her Olympic career, Tutzó helped the Azón sisters Monica and Sandra solidify a golden finish at the inaugural Yngling Worlds in 2002, before switching her yachting duty to pair up with Vía Dufresne and then Marina Gallego in the 470. A member of Port d'Aro Nautical Club in the outskirts of Barcelona, Tutzó trained most of her sporting career under the tutelage of Eneko Fernández, one of the federation's coaches in the double-handed dinghy.
Tutzó competed for the Spanish sailing squad, as a crew member in the women's 470 class, at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She and skipper Vía Dufresne topped the selection criteria by an effortless, 82-point edge over the other tandem Gallego and Támara Echegoyen to lock the country's 470 berth among the females for the Games at the class-associated Worlds nearly eight months earlier in Melbourne, Australia. The Spanish duo entered the final race with a couple of runner-up marks recorded throughout the series, both of which came close to their provisional fourth and ninth-leg triumph, respectively, by the narrowest of margins. A costly penalty turn for an incident at the final upwind mark, however, pushed both Tutzó and Vía Dufresne to the back and out of the medals, sitting them in the tenth overall spot with 92 net points.
# All Hands on Deck (1961 film)

All Hands on Deck is a 1961 American DeLuxe musical film in CinemaScope directed by Norman Taurog and starring Pat Boone as a naval officer. It is based on the novel Warm Bodies by Donald R. Morris.

## Plot

Lt Donald (Pat Boone) of the US Navy is assigned to look after a troublesome sailor, Garfield (Buddy Hackett), who is from an oil-rich Indian tribe. He also romances journalist Sally Hobson (Barbara Eden).

## Cast

* Pat Boone as Lieutenant Victor 'Vic' Donald
* Buddy Hackett as Garfield
* Dennis O'Keefe as Lieutenant Commander O'Gara
* Barbara Eden as Sally Hobson
* Warren Berlinger as Ensign Rush
* Gale Gordon as Admiral Bintle
* David Brandon as Lieutenant Kutley
* Ann B. Davis as Nobby

## Original novel

The film was based on a 1957 novel, Warm Bodies by Donald R. Morris, based on his experiences in the Navy. The New York Times described it as "a delightful book, fresh, warmhearted and full of fun." The Los Angeles Times called it "the best funny novel about the navy since... Mr Roberts".

## Production

In 1958 screenwriter Jay Sommers optioned the rights to the novel and wrote a script, which he succeeded in selling to 20th Century Fox as a vehicle for Pat Boone. Part of the deal was that Sommers was kept on as writer; Oscar Brodney was assigned to produce.
It was Pat Boone's first film in a number of months. He had been studying with Sanford Meisner for two years and felt in this film he was finally a "good actor".
Diana Dors was mentioned as a possible co star but did not appear in the final film. Jody McCrea made an early appearance.
Filming started 14 November 1960.
It was photographed in CinemaScope and DeLuxe Color.

## Release

The studio did not create a pressbook to market the film in the rush to release it. Instead, the studio's marketing of the film centered on interviews with the cast.
Diabolique magazine says "The racism against native Americans here is both casual and formal, but it's a rare Hollywood film at the time where they are shown to have some status in the modern world... It is all done with high spirits. Boone is quite animated, and it is a relaxed performance: his best to date. The Meisner training did pay off. Director Norman Taurog worked several times with Elvis Presley, and this feels like it could have been a Presley vehicle."

## Songs

The film features four songs by Ray Evans and Jay Livingston:
* All Hands on Deck
* Somewhere There's Home
* There's No One Like You
* I've Got It Made