OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nada Tunnel

Nada Tunnel is a historic 900-foot (270 m) long tunnel along Kentucky Route 77 in Powell County, Kentucky, in the United States. Formerly a railway tunnel, the tunnel has often been described as the "Gateway to Red River Gorge" for the shortcut it provides motorists to the Red River Gorge canyons of the Daniel Boone National Forest.
Built for the Dana Lumber Company between 1910 and 1911, Nada Tunnel (pronounced nay-duh by locals) was named after Nada, Kentucky, then a logging town about 10 miles (16 km) past the tunnel's entrance. Solid sandstone was blasted with dynamite and dug out with steam machinery and hand tools, with two teams working from each side of the ridge.
The tunnel's original dimensions were 12 by 12 feet (3.7 m × 3.7 m), but when the first train load of logs became stuck and had to be blasted free, the tunnel's height was increased to 13 feet (4.0 m). Narrow gauge steam locomotives of the Big Woods, Red River & Lombard Railroad regularly hauled timber extracted from the vast forests of the Red River Valley through the tunnel, to a sawmill 15 miles (24 km) away in Clay City.
Once the forests had been cleared, the timber companies pulled out of the area. The railroad tracks were removed and a dirt road was laid in the unlit tunnel in order to accommodate horse and pedestrian traffic. Nada Tunnel has since been paved to carry a single lane of road traffic.
Nada Tunnel lends its name to two prehistoric Native American rock art sites, namely "Nada Tunnel 1 Petroglyphs" and "Nada Tunnel 2", which were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

## Myths and legends

There is a local legend that the Nada Tunnel is haunted by a ghost of a former tunnel construction worker who perished when a stick of dynamite exploded when being thawed at a nearby fire.

## Gallery

* Portal of the Nada Tunnel
* Inside the unlit tunnel
# François-Joseph-Philippe de Riquet

François-Joseph-Philippe de Riquet (21 September 1771 - 2 March 1843), as a French aristocrat who became the 16th Prince de Chimay from 24 July 1804 to 1843.

## Early life

François-Joseph-Philippe was born in Paris on 21 September 1771. He was a son of Victor Maurice de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay and Marie Anne Gabrielle Josephe Francoise Xaviere de Henin-Liétard. Among his siblings was Victor-Louis-Charles de Riquet, Marquis de Caraman, a Peer of France who served as the French ambassador in Vienna.

## Career

During the French Revolution, he emigrated but came back during the First French Empire, and received the title of chef de cohorte from Napoleon.
He became the sixteenth Prince of Chimay after the death of his childless uncle in 1804, inheriting the Chimay estates (now in Belgium). After the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, these became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and, after 1830, of the current Kingdom of Belgium.

## Personal life

On 22 August 1805, he became the third husband of Thérésa de Cabarrus, who was known as Madame Tallien, former wife of Jean Lambert Tallien who bore eleven children by various husbands and lovers. After their marriage, they lived quietly in Hainaut on the Chimay estate (today a province of Belgium). Their children were:
* Joseph Philippe (1808-1886), 17th Prince de Chimay, Prince de Caraman
* Michel Gabriel Alphonse Ferdinand (1810-1865) - father of Marie-Clotilde-Elisabeth Louise de Riquet, comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau
* Marie Auguste Louise Thérèse Valentine (1815-1876)
François-Joseph-Philippe de Riquet died in Toulouse on 2 March 1843. He and Thérésa were interred under the sacristy of the church of Chimay.
# Angela Boyd

Angela Boyd (born 1986) is a New Zealand international lawn bowler.

## Bowls career

Angela's sister Mandy Boyd is also an international bowler.
She won two medals at the 2015 Asia Pacific Bowls Championships in Christchurch.
Boyd has won four national titles. In 2016, she won a bronze medal in the fours at the 2016 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Christchurch with Katelyn Inch, Val Smith and Kirsten Edwards and a silver medal with Jo Edwards in the pairs.
In addition to her international success she has won the 2015 & 2016 pairs titles with her sister and five 'fours' titles (2011, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021) at the New Zealand National Bowls Championships when bowling for the Burnside Bowls Club.
# Michael Cosgrove

Michael Cosgrove (born 1954) is an Irish former hurler who played as a corner-forward for the Westmeath senior team.
Born in Collinstown, County Westmeath, Cosgrove first arrived on the inter-county scene when he first linked up with the Westmeath minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He joined the senior panel for the 1974 championship. Cosgrove went on to play a key role for Westmeath for over a decade, and won two All-Ireland "B" Championship medals.
As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on one occasion, Cosgrove enjoyed little success in the Railway Cup. At club level he is a two-time championship medallist with Lough Lene Gaels. Cosgrove also won three New York senior championship medals with the Westmeath club.
Cosgrove's retirement came when he emigrated to the United States in 1987, however, he made one final appearance for Westmeath in 1993.
In retirement from playing Cosgrove became involved in team management and coaching. As physical trainer and manager, he guided Lough Lene Gaels to five championship titles. Cosgrove later served as a selector and manager to the Westmeath senior hurling team.
His son, Killian, also played hurling with Westmeath.

## Honours
### Player
#### Lough Lene Gaels

* Westmeath Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1975, 1976

#### Westmeath Club

* New York Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1990, 1992, 1993

#### Westmeath

* All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship (2): 1975, 1984
* Walsh Cup (1): 1982

### Coach
#### Lough Lene Gaels

* Westmeath Senior Hurling Championship (5): 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002
# Enver Hadžihasanović

Enver Hadžihasanović (7 July 1950 – 16 December 2024) was a Bosnian chief of staff of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a convicted war criminal.

## Biography

Hadžihasanović was born in 1950 in Zvornik, at the time part of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.

## Military career

Hadžihasanović graduated from the military academy in Belgrade in 1973. He then was transferred to the military stations in Tuzla and Sarajevo. As captain first class he led the command in the military academy in Belgrade. After that school closed, he was given the rank of major and commanded the battalion of the military police of the 7th Army in 1988. After a while, he was given the command of the 49th Motorized Brigade. That brigade was later transformed into a mechanized brigade; at the end of 1989 he was the commander of that brigade, with the rank of lieutenant colonel.

## Military house confinement

In the beginning of April 1992, Hadžihasanović was sentenced to military house confinement in Sarajevo by the Yugoslav People's Army, after which he deserted the JNA.

## Bosnian war

After Hadžihasanović quit the JNA, he joined the Territorial Defence Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina (TO RBiH) of Bosnia. On 14 November 1992, he became the commander of the 3rd Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH). He held that position until 1 November 1993 when he became the exchange chief of staff of the high command of the ARBiH.

## After the war

From 1996 to 2000, when he retired, Hadžihasanović was a member of the Chief of Staff of the Federation Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Hadžihasanović died on 16 December 2024, at the age of 74.

## War crimes

Hadžihasanović was found guilty of failing to prevent the death of a prisoner of war and cruel treatment, on the basis of superior criminal responsibility and sentenced to five years in prison. He appealed against the first-instance judgment and was released provisionally in June 2007 pending the judgement of the Appeals Chamber. On 22 April 2008, the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) reduced his sentence to 3½ years.

## Military ranks
### Yugoslav People's Army

* 1973 – Captain first class
* 1988 – Major
* 1989 – Lieutenant colonel

### Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

* 1993 – Brigadier general
* 1997 – Division general
* 1998 – Major general
# Katarina Bartholdson

Katarina Bartholdson (born 25 February 1941) is a Swedish former tennis player. She also played under her maiden name Katarina Frendelius.
A winner of 11 national championships in singles or doubles, Bartholdson made her only Federation Cup appearance in Sweden's debut tie in 1964, against Canada. She won her singles match against Benita Senn, but was beaten in the live doubles rubber, partnering Ulla Sandulf.
Bartholdson competed in multiple Wimbledon draws and reached the singles third round in 1963, where she lost to top seed Margaret Smith (later Court).
# Skrunda-class patrol boat

The Skrunda class is a class of SWATH patrol vessels used by the Latvian Navy. The main duties of the vessels include fisheries inspections, search and rescue, environmental protection, sovereignty enforcement, and participation in NATO and EU operations.

## Description

The Skrunda class was ordered in 2008 and built in cooperation by Abeking & Rasmussen Shipyard in Germany and Riga Shipyard in Latvia between 2009 and 2013. The class and the five vessels are named after towns and cities in Latvia from each of the five historical regions of Latvia, where important battles for Latvia's independence took place. The design is based on the well proven Abeking & Rasmussen 25-metre (82 ft) SWATH Pilot boat design, which is known for its excellent seaworthiness, offering motions in high sea state similar to conventional monohull ships three to four times its size. Skrunda-class vessels are able to perform 100% of their duties in waves as high as 3.5 metres (11 ft). The propulsion system was designed specifically for the Skrunda class and places two MAN D 2842 diesel engines in the lower torpedo hulls, driving Servogear controllable pitch propellers via Servogear reduction gearboxes.
Tasked to monitor and control the Latvian and EU territorial waters and exclusive economic zone, the Skrunda class can perform a number of different missions by changing the mission module between the bows of the two hulls, which adheres to the dimensions of a 20-foot (6.1 m) ISO container and has a payload of 6 tons. A Mission Module may contain weapons systems, equipment for hydrographic surveying, environmental protection, support for divers, or mine countermeasure operations.

## Armament

The standard armament consists of two 12.7-millimetre (0.50 in) machine guns. In addition, one Mission Module can be installed with a weapons system that weighs up to 6 tons.

## Vessels in class

| Pennant Number | Name | Shipyard | Launched | In Service |
| P-05 | Skrunda | Abeking & Rasmussen, Germany | 20 January 2011 | 18 April 2011 |
| P-06 | Cēsis | Abeking & Rasmussen, Germany | 23 November 2011 | 2 April 2012 |
| P-07 | Viesīte | Riga Shipyard, Latvia | 11 April 2012 | 22 August 2012 |
| P-08 | Jelgava | Abeking & Rasmussen, Germany | 16 April 2013 | 24 July 2013 |
| P-09 | Rēzekne | Riga Shipyard, Latvia | 14 October 2013 | 20 March 2014 |
* A scale model of a ship, presented to members of the Saeima on a visit to the Riga Shipyard in 2011
* The P-05 Skrunda, displaying its M2 Browning machine gun
* Interior of the deck
* P-05 Skrunda and P-07 Viesīte side-by-side on an open day in Andrejsala
# Ritanserin

Ritanserin, also known by its developmental code name R-55667, is a serotonin antagonist medication described as an anxiolytic, antidepressant, antiparkinsonian agent, and antihypertensive agent. It was chiefly investigated as a drug to treat insomnia, especially to enhance sleep quality by significantly increasing slow wave sleep by virtue of potent and concomitant 5-HT$_{2A}$ and 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor antagonism.
It was never marketed for medical use due to safety problems but is currently used in scientific research.
Some of the safety liabilities that led to its discontinuation for the treatment of insomnia has led to its potential repurposing in the field of oncology. Specifically, ritanserin acts as a potent inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα). As such, it may be used to treat certain types of glioblastoma and melanoma. It has also been used as a reference compound to identify putatively more selective and potent DGKα inhibitors to treat these forms of cancer as well as possibly others.
Additionally, ritanserin blocks c-RAF activation and induces apoptotic cell death of non–small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer cells.

## Pharmacology
### Pharmacodynamics

Ritanserin acts as a selective 5-HT$_{2A}$ (K$_i$ = 0.45 nM) and 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor (K$_i$ = 0.71 nM) antagonist. It has relatively low affinity for the H$_1$, D$_2$, α$_1$-adrenergic, and α$_2$-adrenergic receptors (39-, 77-, 107-, and 166-fold lower relative to 5-HT$_{2A}$, respectively). The affinity of ritanserin for the 5-HT$_{1A}$ receptor is less than 1 μM. In addition to its affinity for the 5-HT$_{2A}$ and 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptors, ritanserin also binds to and antagonizes the 5-HT$_{1D}$, 5-HT$_{2B}$, 5-HT$_{5A}$, 5-HT$_6$, and 5-HT$_7$ receptors.

## History

The atypical antipsychotic risperidone was developed from ritanserin.

## Society and culture
### Names

Ritanserin is the generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, USANTooltip United States Adopted Name, and BANTooltip British Approved Name. It is also known by its developmental code name R-55667.

### Availability

Ritanserin was never approved or marketed for medical use.

## Research

Ritanserin was tested in clinical trials for depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and migraine. It was also found to improve sleep in human volunteers.

## Synthesis

Aminothiazole (2-thiazolamine) (1) is condensed with 2-acetylbutyrolactone [517-23-7] (2) under DS-trap until the water has separated. Condensation of this β-keto lactone can be visualized to involve initial attack on the reactive butyrolactone by the primary nitrogen; cyclodehydration of that hypothetical intermediate 3 gives 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7-methyl-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one, CID:82612453 (4). Halogenation of the terminal alcohol with phosphorus oxychloride then yields 6-(2-chloroethyl)- 7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one, [86488-00-8] (5). Alkylation with 4-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylene)piperidine, [58113-36-3] (6) would complete the synthesis of ritanserin (7).
# Statue of Sebastian de Aparicio

The statue of Sebastian de Aparicio (Blessed Sebastian de Aparicio) is installed outside Puebla's Convent Church of San Francisco, in the Mexican state of Puebla.
# Lucy Bradshaw

Lucy Bradshaw may refer to:
* Lucy Bradshaw (actress), British actress
* Lucy Bradshaw (game developer), American game developer
# Louise Marmont

Anna Louise Marmont (born 22 May 1967) is a Swedish curler, world champion and Olympic medalist. She received a bronze medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano.
In 1989 she was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame and in 2020 she and the rest of Team Gustafson were inducted into the World Curling Hall of Fame.
# Mary Throne

Mary Ann Throne (born c. 1960) is a Democratic former member of the Wyoming House of Representatives, representing the 11th district from 2007 until 2017. In August 2017, Throne announced her candidacy for Governor of Wyoming in the 2018 election. She easily won the Democratic primary on August 21, 2018. On November 6, 2018, she was defeated in the general election by Republican State Treasurer Mark Gordon in a landslide.

## Biography

Throne was born and raised in Campbell County, Wyoming on a ranch on Wild Horse Creek. She graduated with an A.B. in history from Princeton University in 1982 after completing a senior thesis titled "Wyoming Water Laws, 1888-1910: Public Ownership of Water for Irrigation Use." She then received a Juris Doctor degree from Columbia Law School. After college she spent two years volunteering in Thailand, and then moved back to Wyoming to work as an Assistant Wyoming Attorney General in the state, serving in that role from 1992 to 1999.
Throne was elected to the Wyoming House of Representatives in 2006 and was defeated for reelection by Jared Olsen in 2016. She ran for Governor of Wyoming in the 2018 election, but was defeated by then-State Treasurer Mark Gordon. In 2019, Gordon named Throne to a vacancy on the Wyoming Public Service Commission.
# Natasha Corrett

Natasha Corrett (born July 1983) is a British vegetarian chef and food writer, and advocate of clean eating and alkaline eating principles.

## Early life

Natasha Corrett was born in July 1983 to the interior designer Kelly Hoppen and her first husband Graham Corrett. She showed an early interest in music and her mother encouraged her to take professional singing lessons. She is married to Simon Bateman.

## Career

Corrett first worked as a personal assistant and then events organiser in her mother's business. After that she ran holistic retreats and began to cook when the chef she had booked for an event did not arrive. She began to write about food and completed her first two books jointly with her godmother Vicki Edgson. She is an advocate of vegetarianism, clean eating and alkaline eating principles through her Honestly Healthy website and brand which she founded in 2010.

## Selected publications

* Honestly Healthy: Eat with your body in mind, the alkaline way. 2012. (With Vicki Edgson)
* Honestly Healthy for Life: Healthy alternatives for everyday eating. 2014. (With Vicki Edgson)
* Honestly Healthy Cleanse. 2015.
* Alkaline Cleanse: 100 recipes to cleanse and nourish. 2016.
* Honestly Healthy in a Hurry: The busy food-lover's cookbook 2016
# Hugo Teodors Krūmiņš

Hugo Teodors Krūmiņš (1901-1990) was a Latvian playwright and poet. A member of the Latvian Artists' Association, he was married to poet and Latvian chess master Marta Krūmiņa-Vitrupe.

## Biography

He was born to a large family. After completing his secondary education at Limbaži gymnasium, he went on to study between 1920 and 1926 at the faculty of medicine of the University of Latvia. He subsequently became a school teacher in Tukums, although he ended up returning to his native Vitrupes. When the Second World War broke out, he and his wife moved to Germany, where he worked as a school manager and where they spent five years. In 1950, they moved to the United States, first to Cleveland, and later on to New York.

## Works

From 1920 he published in numerous periodicals. Works include "Jaunais agronoms" (1927), "Vecpuiši", "Atstātā līgava", "Ideāla vecmāte" (1928), "Priekšzīmīga saimniecība" (1929), "Sāncenši" (1930), "Modernais lauksaimnieks", "Vecpuiši precas" (1931), "Melanholiskais valsis" (1931), "Toms Dižboms" (1932), "Eksportsviests un mīlestība"(1932); "Silzemnieki" (1934), "Druvu dziesma" (1939),"Zemnieka testaments" (1939), "Jūrnieka kristība" (1946), "Cēli kā dzimtenes dievnami" (1949), "Vārds dzejniekiem no tautas" (1963), "Maestro no Rucavas" (1964).
# Zygmunt Maszczyk

Zygmunt Paweł Maszczyk (born 3 May 1945) is a Polish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
He earned 36 caps with the Poland national team and was a participant at the 1974 FIFA World Cup, where Poland won the bronze medal, at the 1972 Summer Olympics, where Poland won the gold medal and at the 1976 Summer Olympics, where Poland won the silver medal. In 1975, he won the Polish Footballer of the Year plebiscite organized by the Piłka Nożna football weekly.

## Career

Early in his career (1955–1962), Maszczyk played in local club Siemianowiczanka Siemianowice Śląskie. He moved to the well-renowned Ruch Chorzów in 1963 and played there until 1976, appearing in 310 matches. He was instrumental in Ruch becoming three time national champion (1968, 1974, 1975) and winning the Polish Cup (1974).
During his career, Maszczyk was perhaps the most popular player of Ruch. He was well regarded for his flawless technique, exceptional work ethic, tirelessness, and quietness and aversion to media.
As an example of his style, Maszczyk was acclaimed as obviously moving the most in the field of all the players of the Poland national team that won the bronze medal at the 1974 FIFA World Cup.
Fans called him "Zyga" (a Silesian diminutive for Zygmunt).
Later, Maszczyk moved to Germany, where he left the sports career. By 1981, he lived and work in Lüdenscheid.

## Honours

Ruch Chorzów
* Ekstraklasa: 1967–68, 1973–74, 1974–75
* Polish Cup: 1973–74
Poland
* Olympic gold medal: 1972
* Olympic silver medal: 1976
* FIFA World Cup third place: 1974
Individual
* Piłka Nożna Polish Footballer of the Year: 1975
Orders
* Gold Cross of Merit: 1972
* Order of Polonia Restituta Officer's Cross: 1974
# Mark López (American executive)

Mark López is a digital media executive, former EVP and General Manager of Univision Interactive Media at Univision Communications and Head of U.S. Hispanic Audience at Google.

## Education

López holds a bachelor's degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management.

## Career

López began his career as a senior consultant at Mercer Management Consulting and Andersen Consulting, and then became the Director of Strategic Alliances at J2 Communications. After working at J2 Communications, López was part of the team that started Terra Networks in the U.S., and was named Chief Operating Officer of Terra Networks USA in 2007. He then worked for AOL as Publisher of their U.S. Hispanic audience.
In November 2010, he was hired as head of U.S. Hispanic Audience at Google, a new position at the company.
In May 2015, Lopez joined Univision Communications to lead the digital business reporting to Isaac Lee President of Univision Digital. He left Univision Communications in December 2016.
He has served on the board of the IAB and its Multicultural Council and is Board Advisor to the Center of Hispanic Marketing Communications at Florida State University.
# Garmul

Garmul or Gasmul, was a Berber king of the Mauro-Roman Kingdom. He is known for his various military campaigns, and raids against the Byzantine rulers of North Africa.

## Biography

Garmul is known for his various military campaigns, and raids against the Byzantine rulers of North Africa. in one of his raids, He destroyed a Byzantine army in 571, launched raids into Byzantine territory, and three successive generals (the praetorian prefect Theodore and the magister militum Theoctistus in 570, and Theoctistus' successor Amabilis in 571) are recorded by John of Biclaro to have been killed in a battle by Garmul's forces. His activities, especially when regarded together with the simultaneous Visigoth attacks in Spania, presented a clear threat to the province's authorities. Thus the new emperor, Tiberius II Constantine, re-appointed Thomas as praetorian prefect, and the able general Gennadius was posted as magister militum with the clear aim of ending Garmul's campaigns. Preparations were lengthy and careful, but the campaign itself, launched in 577–78, was brief and effective, with Gennadius utilizing terror tactics against Garmul's subjects. Garmul was defeated and killed by 579, and the coastal corridor between Tingitana and Caesariensis secured. After the death of the old warrior, the Berbers were discouraged and ended up submitting under the domination of the Byzantine Empire.