OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Citrine wagtail

The citrine wagtail (Motacilla citreola) is a small songbird in the family Motacillidae.

## Etymology

The term citrine, and the specific name citreola, refers to its yellowish colouration.

## Taxonomy

Its systematics, phylogeny and taxonomy are subject of considerable debate in the early 21st century. This is because this bird forms a cryptic species complex with the eastern (M. tschutschensis ) and western yellow wagtail (M. flava). Which of the many taxa in this group should properly refer to which population is unlikely to be resolved in the immediate future.
Motacilla is the Latin name for the pied wagtail; although actually a diminutive of motare, " to move about", from medieval times it led to the misunderstanding of cilla as "tail". The specific citreola is Latin for "lemon yellow".

## Description

It is a slender, 15.5–17 cm long bird, with the long, constantly wagging tail characteristic of the genus Motacilla. The adult male in breeding plumage is basically grey or black above, with white on the remiges, and bright yellow below and on the entire head except for the black nape. In winter plumage, its yellow underparts may be diluted by white, and the head is brownish with a yellowish supercilium. Females look generally like washed-out versions of males in winter plumage.

## Distribution

This species breeds in the central Palearctic in wet meadows and tundra. It migrates in winter to South Asia, often to highland areas. Its range is expanding westwards, and it is a rare but increasing vagrant to western Europe. Vagrants seem to extend the migration rather than straying en route; in Bhutan, for example, though along one of the species' migration flyways, the citrine wagtail has been recorded as an extremely rare passer-by rather than staying even for a few days or weeks.

## Ecology

It is an insectivorous bird of open country near water, such as wet meadows and bogs, and nests on the ground, laying 4–5 speckled eggs.

## Gallery

* Female in breeding plumage, Narenderpur near Kolkata (West Bengal, India)
* Juvenile in Kolkata (West Bengal, India)
* Immature in first-winter plumage Joka, Kolkata (West Bengal, India)
* Wintering bird in Ras al Khor Bird Sanctuary (Dubai, UAE)
* Citrine wagtail Motacilla citreola
* Citrine Wagtail at Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary
* Motacilla citreola citreola - MHNT
# Heritage Village, Connecticut

Heritage Village is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Southbury in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 3,736 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,435 people, 2,261 households, and 976 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,500.8 inhabitants per square mile (579.5/km$^2$).There were 2,590 housing units at an average density of 1,131.6 per square mile (436.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.01% White, 0.20% African American, 0.03% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 0.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.67% of the population.
There were 2,261 households, out of which 1.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were married couples living together, 3.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 56.8% were non-families. 54.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 47.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.52 and the average family size was 2.15. Technically, no children under 18 years are allowed to live in Heritage Village for more than 6 months out of any 12 month period.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 2.7% under the age of 18, 0.7% from 18 to 24, 3.2% from 25 to 44, 14.7% from 45 to 64, and 78.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 75 years. For every 100 females, there were 58.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 57.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $38,525, and the median income for a family was $51,714. Males had a median income of $44,261 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $30,876. About 1.8% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 2.9% of those age 65 or over.
# Mnich, Silesian Voivodeship

Mnich is a village in Gmina Chybie, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

## History

The village was founded in the late 16th century when the area belonged to Skoczów-Strumień state country that was purchased back into the Duchy of Teschen in 1594. It was first mentioned in 1621 as Mnich. The name most probably was borrowed from the older local fish pond called Mnich Sswczyny or Mnich Sworczyński. Politically the Duchy of Teschen was a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which was also a part of the Habsburg monarchy.
After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political district of Bielsko and the legal district of Strumień. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 821 in 1880 to 1010 in 1910. A majority of the population were native Polish-speakers (98.3%–99%) accompanied by a small German-speaking minority (at most 10 or 1.2% in 1880) and Czech-speaking (at most 40 or 1.1% in 1890). In terms of religion in 1910, majority were Roman Catholics (93.3%), followed by Protestants (6%), Jews (7 people) and 1 person adhering to yet another faith. The village was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Poland. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Poland.
# Mochała

Mochała is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Herby, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Lubliniec and 52 km (32 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Modzurów

Modzurów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudnik, within Racibórz County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Rudnik, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Racibórz, and 63 km (39 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.

## Gallery

* Church
* Street
* Street
# Pedro de Lafuente

Pedro de Lafuente (died 13 August 1587) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Pamplona (1578–1587).

## Biography

On 28 February 1575, Pedro de Lafuente was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Pamplona. In December 1578, he was consecrated bishop by Francisco Pacheco de Villena, Archbishop of Burgos. He served as Bishop of Pamplona until his death on 13 August 1587.
# ZIP (magazine)

Zip was British men's magazine published weekly by Blue Publishing for nine issues before being sold to OOHYEAH Publishing. It was launched on 1 March 2013 as a sister title to Loaded. It relaunched in September 2013. The original owners of Zip launched the title to take on rival titles Zoo and Nuts which were aimed at the same demographic, and had similar content.

## Loaded

Loaded launched its weekly sister title, ZIP, after failed bids to acquire rival titles Nuts and Zoo.

## Closure

The website for Zip changed to zip-mag.com temporarily and then became zip.am The domain zip.am ceased to be used by the magazine some time in 2015, the Facebook account no longer exists, and the Twitter account is no longer updated.
# Nikolaus Gerbel

Nikolaus Gerbel (or Gerbellius) (c. 1485 – 1560) was a German humanist, jurist and doctor of both laws.
Nikolaus Gerbel was part of a circle of literary men living in Strasbourg. He is notable for his friendship with Martin Luther, his correspondence with Erasmus and Melanchthon and his support to Johann Reuchlin in the Pfefferkorn-Reuchlin Controversy.
He was born in Pforzheim in the Black Forest and studied at the University of Vienna (1502–1505), at the University of Cologne (1505–1506), at the University of Tübingen (1508–1512) and later at the University of Bologna.
He published several works in ancient Greek geography (Descriptio Graeciae) and Roman history.
He also published the complete edition of Johannes Cuspinian's, to which he added a not always reliable Life of Cuspinian (Commentationes Cusp., Strasburg, 1540).
Gerbel's Nouum Testamentum graece was the first printed Greek text without parallel Latin translation. Gerbel used Erasmus's first bilingual edition (1516) as his source text.
# Canada (surname)

Canada is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cody Canada (born 1976), American country singer
* Geoffrey Canada (born 1952), American social activist and educator
* Jim Canada (1912–1975), American baseball player
* Jordin Canada (born 1995), American basketball player
* Larry Canada (born 1954), American football player
* Matt Canada (born 1972), American football coach
* Ron Canada (born 1949), American actor
* Tom Canada (born 1980), American football player
# Katie Startup

Katie Startup (born 28 January 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Women's Super League club Manchester City.

## Club career
### Early career

While attending Maidstone Grammar School for Girls, Startup played football for the school team and was picked up by Meridian Girls FC. From there she joined Gillingham and then Chelsea.

### Charlton Athletic

Startup began her senior career in 2017 at Charlton Athletic, in third tier of women's football. Here, she helped Charlton achieve promotion to the Women's Championship.
The following season, Startup played in all 20 matches of the 2018–19 campaign. Charlton finished in third place, narrowly missing out on promotion to Tottenham Hotspur in second, five points ahead. During this season, Startup kept eight clean sheets, and was nominated for the November 2018 Women's Championship Player of the Month. However, Startup missed out to Mollie Green, who was at Manchester United at the time.
The 2019–20 season was less successful for Startup and Charlton. Charlton failed to win in any of their 12 games, before the season was terminated, however Startup managed to keep one clean sheet during the season, in a 0–0 draw against Lewes. In October 2019, Startup raised awareness for mental health and suicide by changing her kit number from 1 to 40.

### Brighton & Hove Albion

After Startup's impressive performances in the Women's Championship, she caught the eye of Brighton & Hove Albion, who snatched up her services in the summer of 2020, and signed her on a 2-year contract. Startup made her debut for Brighton in the Women's FA Cup against Huddersfield on 16 May 2020.
On 28 October 2023 she signed a contract extension with Brighton.

#### Return to Charlton Athletic

Shortly after signing for Brighton, Startup returned to Charlton on a short-term loan for the 2020–21 season.
Startup made her first appearance since returning to Charlton against Crystal Palace in a 2–2 draw. She made three other appearances for Charlton that season, coming against Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, and Coventry United.
Startup kept her first and only clean sheet of her four appearances against Blackburn, in a 1–0 victory away from home.

#### Manchester City (loan)

On 14 April 2024, Startup joined Manchester City on an emergency loan for the remainder of the 2023–24 season.

### Manchester City

After spending the last few weeks of the previous season on loan to Manchester City, Startup signed a two-year deal with the club on 6 September 2024.

## International career

Startup has represented England at an U17 and U19 level.
# Jason Burnett

Jason Nicholas Burnett (born December 16, 1986) is a Canadian trampoline gymnast from Etobicoke, Ontario. He is noted for having completed, in training, the world's most difficult trampoline routine with a degree of difficulty of 20.6 and holding the former world record of 18.8 for a routine performed in a competition. He has placed first in the Canadian National Championships eight times in individual trampoline. In the 2008 Olympic Games he won a silver medal.

## Career

On June 12, 2010, at the Davos Trampoline World Cup he completed a routine with a degree of difficulty (DD or tariff) of 18.80 breaking his own world record of 18.0. He finished in 2nd place in the competition. He also holds the world record for a synchronised trampoline routine with his partner, Philip Barbaro, with a DD of 16.0. However, as their marks for synchronisation and execution were very low, they only came in 7th place in the competition in Quebec City in 2007.
He has won the Canadian Senior Men's Trampoline Championship eight times, most recently in Ottawa in 2014.
He currently trains at Skyriders Trampoline Place in Richmond Hill alongside Karen Cockburn and Rosannagh MacLennan with trainer Dave Ross.
In the preliminary round of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Burnett finished in seventh place and qualified for the finals of the trampoline event after a very strong optional routine. In the finals, he won the silver medal in the event with the most difficult routine of the competition.
Before Burnett broke his fibula in 2010, he won 1st place for Men's Individual Trampoline at the Elite Canada competition in Airdrie, Alberta. At the Pacific Rim Championships, Burnett won 1st place in both Men's Individual Trampoline and Men's Synchronized Trampoline along with his partner, Charles Thibault. Moreover, Burnett took home 1st again at the Canadian Championships in Kamloops, British Columbia.
In 2011, Burnett won 1st place for Individual Trampoline at the Canada Cup in Airdrie, Alberta with a 17.8 DD. At the same competition, he also took home 2nd place for Synchronized Trampoline (again, with Charles Thibault as his partner).
In January 2012, at the 2012 Gymnastics Olympic Test Event, Burnett finished in 4th place which qualified Canada for a place in the Men's Trampoline event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. He was later selected as the Olympic competitor following a series of qualifying competitions. At the Olympic Games, he finished in 8th place.
In May 2014, Burnett won the Men's title in the Canadian National Championship in Ottawa. Later in 2014, he injured his leg and had to have surgery to repair knee ligaments. He managed to come back and win his 9th Canadian Individual Trampoline Championship in July 2015. In the Pan Am Games in Toronto, he came 4th.

## Honours

In 2012 Burnett was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal.
# 1983 in hip-hop

This article summarizes the events, album releases, and album release dates in hip hop music for the year 1983.

## Released albums

| Release Date | Artist | Album |
| May 27 | Malcolm McLaren | Duck Rock |
| October 13 | Whodini | Whodini |
| October 24 | Too Short | Don't Stop Rappin' |
| Unknown | Kurtis Blow | Party Time? |
| Unknown | Jonzun Crew | Lost in Space |
| Unknown | The Sugarhill Gang | Rappin' Down Town |
| Unknown | Warp 9 | It's a Beat Wave |
| Unknown | The Sequence | The Sequence Party |
| Unknown | Wild Style | Wild Style Original Soundtrack |
| Unknown | Afrika Bambaataa | Death Mix |
| Unknown | Beastie Boys | Cooky Puss |
| Unknown | Cybotron | Enter |
# Farhana Sheikh

Farhana Sheikh is a British-Pakistani novelist, playwright and teacher.

## Life

Farhana Sheikh was born in Lahore, and brought up in Putney. A teacher and writer, she published her only novel, The Red Box, in 1991. The Red Box is set in East London in the mid-1980s. The novel is "an investigation into diaspora British-Asian identities through the narratives of three women". It centres on a young Anglo-Pakistani woman, Raisa, and two school students, Nasreen and Tahira. The narrative "is loosely organised around the meetings of these three women as part of Raisa's academic research project enabling Sheikh to explore the memories, expectations and identities of the women and their families". The novel "charts the memories, lives and fantasies of these women" and "takes as its subject matter the legitimacy of political identification and affiliations" and "contests what it means to be British".
Farhana Sheikh is also a playwright, who has worked particularly with the London Bubble Theatre Company and its Artistic Director Jonathan Petherbridge. With Adrian Jackson, she co-wrote Mincemeat, a wartime thriller, performed by Cardboard Citizens and broadcast on BBC Radio 3 in 2010. She wrote the libretto for the oratorio Gilgamesh, by Thomas Johnson. Her adaptation of Gulliver's Travels has been described as "the most successful" in the history of the stage. She was co-author of the verbatim play The Wrong Sort of Jew, first performed at Sands Studios London in 2023.

## Works

* The Red Box, 1991. London: Women's Press, 1991.
* Tales from the Arabian Nights, 1994.
* The Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor, 1994.
* Once Upon a Time, Very Far From England. 1997.
* Gilgamesh, a play 2000.
* Punchkin Enchanter, 2003.
* Gilgamesh, an oratorio. libretto, 2005.
* Home, 2005.
* The Flood, 2008.
* Mincemeat (with Adrian Jackson) London: Oberon Books, 2009.
* Tales from the Arabian Nights, revised. 2017.
* Gulliver's Travels: a play by Farhana Sheikh after Jonathan Swift. Brown Dog Books, 2020.
* The Wrong Sort of Jew (with John Graham Davies) 2023
# Robert L. Coffey

Robert Lewis Coffey Jr. (October 21, 1918 – April 20, 1949) was an American coal miner, World War II veteran, and politician who served briefly as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
A former military fighter pilot, Coffey was killed after only four months in Congress when a military aircraft he was co-piloting crashed in an experimental flight.

## Early life and career

Robert Coffey was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and moved with his parents in early boyhood to Pennsylvania. He attended the University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University.
He was employed in coal mines in all positions from coal loader to engineer.

### World War II and military career

During World War II, he served in the United States Army Air Forces. He flew as a member of the 365th Fighter Group, called the "Hell Hawks," piloting the P-47 Thunderbolt. He commanded the group's 388th Fighter Squadron and was later deputy commander of the group. He was the group's top air ace with credit for six aerial victories during 97 missions. He was shot down and evaded capture.
He was the military air attaché for the United States Embassy in Santiago, Chile, from October 1945 to April 1948. He resigned his commission as a lieutenant colonel to pursue a political candidacy. He was commissioned a colonel in the United States Air Force Reserve.

## Congress

He was elected as a Democrat to the 81st Congress in 1948, defeating incumbent Republican Congressman Harve Tibbott, and served from January 3, 1949, until his death in an airplane accident at Kirtland Air Force Base near Albuquerque, New Mexico.

### Personal life

Coffey was married to Eileen Mercado Parra, with whom he had three children: Robert Lewis, Eileen María and David Mario.

### Death

On April 20, 1949, Coffey was killed in the crash of Lockheed F-80A-10-LO Shooting Star, 44-85438, c/n 080-1461, while on take-off from Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, at 1640 hrs. during a cross-country proficiency flight. He and fellow Hell Hawks pilot Lt. Col. William D. Ritchie had departed Kirtland after refuelling for March AFB, California, but due to apparent engine failure on take-off, the fighter never rose above 25 feet, skidded off end of runway, cartwheeled across an arroyo, and broke apart but did not burn. Coffey was killed instantly. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. The House of Representatives recessed for one day in his honor.

## Awards and decorations

For his military service, he was awarded the following awards:
* United States Army Air Forces pilot badge
* Distinguished Flying Cross with two bronze oak leaf clusters
* Bronze Star Medal
* Purple Heart
* Air Medal with four silver oak leaf clusters
* Air Medal with silver oak leaf cluster (second ribbon required for accouterment spacing)
* Air Force Presidential Unit Citation
* American Defense Service Medal
* American Campaign Medal
* European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with silver campaign star
* World War II Victory Medal
* Air Force Longevity Service Award
* Croix de Guerre with Palm (France)
* Croix de Guerre with Palm (Belgium)
* Order of Merit, degree unknown (Chile)
# Plop art

Plop art (or plonk art) is a pejorative slang term for public art (usually large, abstract, modernist or contemporary sculpture) made for government or corporate plazas, spaces in front of office buildings, skyscraper atriums, parks, and other public venues.
The term is a form of wordplay from the term pop art and connotes that the work is unattractive or inappropriate to its surroundings – that it has been thoughtlessly "plopped" where it lies. The term "plop" suggests the sound of something falling heavily and suddenly. It also holds connotations to excrement.
Some defenders of public art funding have tried to reappropriate the term. The book Plop: Recent Projects of the Public Art Fund celebrates the success of the Public Art Fund in financing many publicly placed works of art over the last few decades, many of which are now beloved, though they may at first have been derided positively as "ploppings".

## Origins

The term was coined by architect James Wines in a 1970 essay, Public Art–Private Art, published in Art in America. The term has been taken up by others, including British sculptor Rachel Whiteread and art historian Miwon Kwon.
"Right now architecture and sculpture are calling to each other, and calling for responses that's intelligent, not for more ghastly lumps of sculpture ... which have no sense of scale and are just plonked down in public places." — Anthony Caro (1924–2013), English sculptor.
# Chaulnes

Chaulnes (French pronunciation:; Picard: Chonne) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Chaulnes lies in the eastern part of the Somme department, 13 km north of Roye. The Chaulnes station is served by local trains between Amiens and Laon.

## Culture

Chaulnes is noted for its cultural events, especially the heavy metal music festival Chaulnes Metal Fest (previously known as Killer Fest before 2008). Each year, more than 500 fans turn up to see and listen to bands like Obituary, Sodom, Rage or Nashville Pussy.

## Personalities

* Charles François Lhomond, grammarian and wit, born at Chaulnes 1727, died in Paris 1794.
* The duchy of Chaulnes was established in 1621 for the Albert family.

## Places and monuments

* The statue of grammarian Lhomond, sculpted by Eugène-Louis Lequesne, in 1860, paid for by public subscription..
# A Beast at Bay

A Beast at Bay is a 1912 silent short film directed by D. W. Griffith. It was produced and distributed by the Biograph Company. Preserved in paper print form at the Library of Congress.
This film is in the public domain.

## Plot

A young woman believes her boyfriend is cowardly after he backs down from an argument, but when the she is kidnapped, her boyfriend rescues her and she changes her mind.

## Cast

* Mary Pickford – The Young Woman
* Edwin August – The Young Woman's Ideal
* Alfred Paget – The Convict
* Mae Marsh – The Young Woman's Friend

### Rest of cast

* Elmer Booth – unconfirmed
* Christy Cabanne – Station Master
* William A. Carroll – Guard
* Francis J. Grandon – unconfirmed
* Robert Harron – A Farmer
* J. Jiquel Lanoe – At Station
* Henry Lehrman – A Guard
* Charles Hill Mailes – Guard
* Marguerite Marsh – (*billed Marguerite Loveridge)
* Lottie Pickford – unconfirmed
* W. C. Robinson – Guard