OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church

Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church, 393 U.S. 440 (1969), was a United States Supreme Court case involving the secession of two local churches, including Hull Memorial Presbyterian Church, from the parent body Presbyterian Church in the United States because, they claimed, the Church had departed from its original doctrinal tenets. The Court ruled that the state could not pass judgment concerning religious doctrine or church law.

## Background

In 1966 the sessions of two congregations of the Presbyterian Church in the United States voted to secede from the parent organization. They were upset over the parent body's decisions to ordain women, to remain within the National Council of Churches, its position with regard to the Vietnam War and other social issues, its embrace of "neo-orthodox" and alleged denial of the Holy Trinity and certain Sunday School texts. Subsequently the Presbytery of Savannah appointed an Administrative Commission to resolve the dispute. When the two insurgent churches remained intransigent, the Presbytery attempted to take over the seceding churches' properties until new leadership could be found. The seceding churches then filed suit in the Superior Court of Chatham County to enjoin representatives of Presbytery from trespassing on their properties. In response, the denomination moved to dismiss that injunction and filed a cross-injunction on its own behalf claiming that the state had no authority to determine whether the general church had departed from its tenets of faith and practice. The suits were consolidated for trial.
At the trial the case was decided under the doctrine of "implied trust" and "departure from doctrine", which meant that the jury was instructed to render a verdict whether the general church had violated the trust of its members by departing fundamentally from its original tenets. The jury found for the seceding churches, as did the Supreme Court of Georgia.
# Shaikh Riazuddin

Shaikh Riazuddin (born 11 May 1971) is an Indian former cricketer. He played six first-class matches for Hyderabad between 1994 and 2000.
# Sandusky, Iowa

Sandusky is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, Iowa, United States. It is in the southeast part of the county, on the west bank of the Mississippi River 4 miles (6 km) north of Keokuk, the county seat, and 6 miles (10 km) south of Montrose.
Sandusky was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census. As of the 2020 census, its population was 297.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

As of the census of 2020, there were 297 people, 146 households, and 124 families residing in the community. The population density was 208.4 inhabitants per square mile (80.4/km$^2$). There were 149 housing units at an average density of 104.5 per square mile (40.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the community was 92.9% White, 0.0% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.0% from other races and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino persons of any race comprised 1.7% of the population.
Of the 146 households, 26.0% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.1% were married couples living together, 9.6% were cohabitating couples, 17.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present and 7.5% had a male householder with no spouse or partner present. 15.1% of all households were non-families. 8.2% of all households were made up of individuals, 2.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years old or older.
The median age in the community was 49.9 years. 16.5% of the residents were under the age of 20; 3.7% were between the ages of 20 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 and 44; 31.3% were from 45 and 64; and 23.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the community was 60.6% male and 39.4% female.

## History

Founded in the 1800s, Sandusky's population was 85 in 1902, and 60 in 1925.
# London Trans+ Pride

London Trans+ Pride is a pride march advocating transgender rights held in London, England, United Kingdom.

## History

London Trans+ Pride was founded in 2019 by Lucia Blayke, inspired by Trans Pride Brighton. It was founded in part due to a rising climate of transphobia in the UK and across the world, as well as in response to an anti-transgender protest controversy that occurred at the Pride in London march in 2018, where eight anti-trans activists took the lead of the march without authorisation. The event was originally scheduled to take place in Hackney, East London but was moved to central London and has remained there in subsequent years. The 2019 march was held in September and saw attendance of around 1500 people.
The 2020 march saw attendance of 4000 people, with a number of COVID-19 safety measures put in place by the organisers, and called for legal recognition of non-binary identities and a ban on intersex genital mutilation. It also included a memorial to Elie Che, a prominent transgender London activist and performer who died in August of that year.
The 2021 march was held in June, and included calls for a ban on conversion therapy, greater access to healthcare for trans people, and a ban on intersex genital mutilation. The event included speeches by Munroe Bergdorf, Ki Griffin, Bimini Bon-Boulash, Abigail Thorn, and Kai-Isaiah Jamal.
The 2022 march was held in July, with attendance of over 20,000 people. The event called to "celebrate the memory of trans lives taken and uphold the next generation of trans revolutionaries," and included speeches by Yasmin Finney and Charlie Craggs. Abigail Thorn said at the event that "legally and politically", trans people in the country "are not allowed to control our own lives".
In 2023, it was estimated 25,000-35,000 people attended the march. The organisers emphasised the event was still a protest in what was called the "biggest ever" call for trans rights in the UK.
In 2024, 55,000 people attended the march, motivated in part by the British government’s recently enacted ban on puberty blockers.
Since 2019, London Trans+ Pride has been run by a volunteer organizing committee which includes EM Williams, Sweatmother, Ren Mars, Lewis G. Burton as well as many who have wished to remain anonymous. In addition to the yearly protest, London Trans+ Pride march, they also hold additional events for trans advocacy including a takeover of the NOMAD stage at Glastonbury Festival in 2022, 2023 & 2024.
On 29 July 2024, a confirmed 55,000 to 60,000+ people attended London Trans+ Pride, making it biggest trans pride march in the world to date.
# Michael Cowpland

Michael Cowpland (born April 23, 1943 in Bexhill-on-Sea) is a British-born Canadian businessman. He is the founder and one-time president, chairman and CEO of Corel, a Canadian software company.

## Career
### Mitel

Cowpland worked for Bell Northern Research (later part of Nortel Networks), then MicroSystems International. In 1973, Cowpland and Terry Matthews founded Mitel Corporation, a company that developed and sold electronic PBX systems. Initial success made both founders millionaires. Sales peaked at $250 million, but over-expansion and development problems saw the company bought by British Telecom. Both Cowpland and Matthews left the company in 1984 amid disagreements with the owners.

### Corel

Matthews went on to found Newbridge Networks, while Cowpland launched Cowpland Research Laboratory (soon Corel) in Ottawa in 1985. At first, the company sold DTP workstations, but success did not arrive until the launch of the graphics software CorelDRAW in 1989.
In 1996, he offered a challenge to Microsoft with a move into productivity software, acquiring WordPerfect from Novell for $158 million. However this was unsuccessful as Microsoft managed to get many new computers loaded with Microsoft Word along with Windows. The company also made unsuccessful forays into CAD, videoconferencing, Java, Linux and other developments.
He was investigated by the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) in 1999–2000 regarding allegations that he had used insider information to sell $20 million in Corel shares at $8/share shortly before the company posted disappointing results. The two sides settled the case in 2003, with Cowpland agreeing to pay $575,000. Subsequent to Cowpland's alleged insider sale at $8, Corel shares hit a peak of $60/share around November 1999, during the height of the Linux boom when Corel's Desktop Linux was seen to be a potential rival to Microsoft Windows.
Michael resigned as Corel's CEO in August 2000.
After an unsuccessful attempt to buy Borland with a view to creating a critical mass for Linux, Cowpland left Corel in August 2000, and moved on to buy control of ZIM corporation, a database and mobile content company which is listed on the NASDAQ bulletin board (ZIMCF).

## Personal life

He was married to his first wife Darlene until 1991 when they divorced. They have two daughters, Paula and Christine. In 1992, he married his second wife, Marlen Cowpland. The couple live in a $14-million 1,800-square-metre mansion in Rockcliffe Park, Ontario.
# Burdignin

Burdignin (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

## Basic

Burdignin is a common medium mountain located in the heart of the Green Valley, north of the department of Haute Savoie. Burdignin depends on the canton of Boëge and is part of the Chablais Alps but is also close to the Geneva area .
Burdignin has preserved an agricultural and forestry tradition. This quiet little village allows mountain biking (forest track and edges Menoge), but also hiking (snowshoeing in winter the peaks between Mont Blanc and Lake Geneva). The people are bornérandes and bornérands .

## Surroundings

Burdignin is easily accessible by road, just 15 minutes from the motorway ATMB (exit Green Valley)

### By Distance

* 3 km from Boege, head of the canton, shops, market on Tuesday morning
* 5 km of Habère- Poche, alpine ski area Habère- Poche, Bellevaux Hirmentaz
* 7 km of the plateau Moises, Nordic ski and opportunity to make the glider
* 12 km from the plateau of Plaine Joux, Nordic ski, hiking peak Miribel
* 25 km from Lake Geneva

### By Time

* 45 minutes of Annecy
* 1 hour from Chamonix
* 25 minutes from Thonon-les-Bains
* 30 minutes from Geneva

## Burdignin in numbers

* Total Population: 643 inhabitants (2008)
* Area: 980 hectares
* Elevation Capital: 850 meters
* Maximum elevation: 1297 meters
# James Maxwell (footballer, born 1900)

James Fraser Maxwell (26 June 1900 – 1964) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke City and Watford.

## Career

Maxwell was born in Glasgow and played for Neliston Victoria and Arbroath before joining Stoke City in 1925. He played ten matches for Stoke in the 1925–26 season at Outside left and was released at the end of the season. He joined Watford where he played four times scoring once.

## Career statistics

Source:
| Club | Season | Division | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke City | 1925–26 | Second Division | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Watford | 1926–27 | Third Division South | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
# Hans van Mierlo Foundation

The Mr. Hans van Mierlo Foundation (Dutch: Mr. Hans van Mierlo Stichting) is a Dutch policy institute linked to the Democrats 66 (D66) party. The foundation is named after journalist and politician Hans van Mierlo, the co-founder of the Democrats 66. The institute was formed in 1972 as the (Dutch: Stichting Wetenschappelijk Bureau) and was renamed the (Dutch: Kenniscentrum D66) in 2003. On 7 May 2011 the institute was renamed again in honor of co-founder Hans van Mierlo, who had died on 11 March 2010.
The organisation is a member of the European Liberal Forum, a think-tank affiliated with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the Renew Europe group in the European Parliament.
# John G. Morgan

John G. Morgan (born January 4, 1952) is an American politician who served as the 33rd Comptroller of the Treasury of Tennessee from 1999 to 2008.

## Early years

Morgan was born in Nashville, Tennessee, and attended college at Austin Peay State University.

## Career
### Politics

In January 1999, the Tennessee General Assembly elected Morgan to be the state's 33rd Comptroller of the Treasury.
In January 2009, Morgan was appointed as Deputy to Governor Phil Bredesen.
In October 2010, the Tennessee Board of Regents selected Morgan as Chancellor.
# Selma, Iowa

Selma is an unincorporated community in northwestern Van Buren County, Iowa, United States. It lies along Iowa Highway 16 northwest of the city of Keosauqua, the county seat of Van Buren County. Its elevation is 617 feet (188 m).

## History

Although Selma is unincorporated, it has a post office with the ZIP code of 52588. The post office was originally opened as the Hickory post office on 10 September 1874, and its name was changed to Selma on 24 April 1882.
Selma's population was 275 in 1925.
# Nathalie von Siebenthal

Nathalie von Siebenthal (born 30 September 1993) is a former Swiss cross-country skier. She competed in the World Cup 2015 season.
She represented Switzerland at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 in Falun, Sweden.
On 23 October 2019, she announced her retirement from cross-country skiing.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2018 | 24 | 6 | 6 | 22 | — | 7 | — |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 10 km  individual | 15 km  skiathlon | 30 km  mass start | Sprint | 4 × 5 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2015 | 21 | 6 | 22 | 23 | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 23 | 30 | 4 | 11 | — | 7 | — |
| 2019 | 25 | — | 18 | 7 | — | 10 | — |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Sprint | U23 | Nordic Opening | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final | Ski Tour Canada |
| 2014 | 20 | NC | NC | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2015 | 21 | 48 | 38 | NC | | — | 17 | — | — |
| 2016 | 22 | 18 | 12 | 62 | | 25 | 15 | — | 13 |
| 2017 | 23 | 17 | 13 | 59 | — | 35 | 8 | 25 | — |
| 2018 | 24 | 17 | 12 | 66 | — | 30 | 8 | 31 | — |
| 2019 | 25 | 28 | 17 | 58 | — | 25 | 15 | 40 | — |
# Cognin

Cognin (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

## Geography

The river Hyères forms the commune's western border.
# Chandi Prasad Mohanty

Lieutenant General Chandi Prasad Mohanty PVSM AVSM SM VSM is a retired General Officer in the Indian Army. He was the 42nd Vice Chief of the Army Staff and assumed office on 1 February 2021, following the retirement of Satinder Kumar Saini. He was previously the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of the Southern Command, assuming command on 30 January 2020. He was trained at RIMC Dehradun.

## Early life and education

Mohanty was born in an aristocratic Karan family at Jagatsinghpur, Odisha to Jitendra K. Mohanty, a civil servant, and Sarada Mohanty, a professor of Odia at S.V.M. College. Following his education at Bagashai U. P. School, he joined the Rashtriya Indian Military College, Dehradun. He subsequently entered the National Defence Academy (NDA). He holds an M. Phil and a Master's in Management and has conducted extensive studies of China, South Asia, and northeastern India. He is a graduate of the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington.

## Career

Mohanty was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Rajput Regiment in June 1982. He has commanded battalions in both Jammu and Kashmir and in Northeast India, and has held staff appointments in an armoured brigade and in the military secretariat. He commanded a UN multi-national brigade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and has served as a military advisor to the Seychelles government. He has also commanded a mountain brigade along the India-China border and a mountain division in Assam in 2014. He also served as Director General of operational logistics and strategic movement at the Integrated Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence (Army) at New Delhi. After the Doklam standoff, he commanded the XXXIII Corps in the Eastern Command and was then appointed GOC Uttar Bharat Area at Bareilly.

## Decorations

| Param Vishisht Seva Medal | Param Vishisht Seva Medal | Ati Vishisht Seva Medal | Ati Vishisht Seva Medal |
| Sena Medal | Vishisht Seva Medal | Special Service Medal | Operation Parakram Medal |
| Sainya Seva Medal | High Altitude Service Medal | Videsh Seva Medal | 50th Anniversary of Independence Medal |
| 30 Years Long Service Medal | 20 Years Long Service Medal | 9 Years Long Service Medal | MONUSCO |

## Dates of rank

| Rank | Component | Date of rank |
| Second Lieutenant | Indian Army | 12 June 1982 |
| Lieutenant | Indian Army | 12 June 1984 |
| Captain | Indian Army | 12 June 1987 |
| Major | Indian Army | 12 June 1993 |
| Lieutenant-Colonel | Indian Army | 16 December 2004 |
| Colonel | Indian Army | 1 March 2006 |
| Brigadier | Indian Army | 5 December 2009 (substantive, with seniority from 8 January 2009) |
| Major General | Indian Army | 10 January 2015 (substantive, with seniority from 4 June 2012) |
| Lieutenant-General | Indian Army | 20 May 2017 (seniority from 1 May) |
# Carlos Villarías

Carlos Villarías (7 July 1892 – 27 April 1976) was a Spanish actor who was born in Córdoba, Spain, and died in California, United States. His most famous role is in the title role of the Spanish-language version of Dracula (1931), with Barry Norton and Lupita Tovar, filmed at night on the same sets as the English-language version starring Bela Lugosi.

## Selected filmography

* Dracula (1931)
* Road of Hell (1931)
* The California Trail (1933)
* The Mystery of the Ghastly Face (1935)
* Come on Ponciano (1937)
* Mis dos amores (1938)
* Frontiers of '49 (1939)
* La Inmaculada (1939)
* Father Morelos (1943)
* Summer Hotel (1944)
* The Daughter of the Regiment (1944)
* Gran Hotel (1944)
* The Museum of Crime (1945)
* The Private Life of Mark Antony and Cleopatra (1947)
* Ecija's Seven Children (1947)
* The Secret of Juan Palomo (1947)
* Adventure in the Night (1948)
* Zorina (1949)
* Lola Casanova (1949)
# If Marriage Fails

If Marriage Fails is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by John Ince and written by C. Gardner Sullivan.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Eleanor prefers the company of the unpopular Gene Deering to that of her wealthy husband, Joe Woodbury, who has fallen in love with the fortune teller Nadia. Becoming jealous, Eleanor tells Nadia that she is about to become a mother, and Nadia promises that she will not see Joe again. Eleanor and Deering are picked up following a roadhouse raid by Nadia and Dr. Mallini, who attends Eleanor when she is slightly injured. The doctor tells Nadia that Eleanor has lied about any approaching motherhood. Joe learns of the roadhouse affair, divorces Eleanor, and wins Nadia as a wife.

## Cast

* Jacqueline Logan as Nadia
* Belle Bennett as Eleanor Woodbury
* Clive Brook as Joe Woodbury
* Jean Hersholt as Dr. Mallini
* Donald MacDonald as Gene Deering
* Mathilde Comont as Lisa
* Cissy Fitzgerald as Mrs. Loring

## Preservation

With no prints of If Marriage Fails located in any film archives, it is a lost film.
# G. Srinivas

G. Srinivas (born 18 December 1971) is an Indian former cricketer. He played two List A matches for Hyderabad in 1997/98.
# Spaulding, Iowa

Spaulding is an unincorporated community in Spaulding Township, Union County, Iowa, United States. Spaulding is located along county highways H20 and P27, 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Creston.

## History

Spaulding's population was 58 in 1902, and 50 in 1925.
# Gerda Becker

Gerda Becker (born 1956 or 1957) is a retired Dutch table tennis player from Rotterdam. She competed at the 1976 and 1980 Summer Paralympics in the individual and team events and won two gold, one silver and one bronze medal.
# Kathrin Stirnemann

Kathrin Stirnemann (born 22 October 1989) is a Swiss former professional racing cyclist, who won a silver medal in the mixed team relay event at the 2020 European Road Championships.

## Major results
### 2020

    2nd Mixed team relay, UEC European Road Championships
# Robert Weaver (editor)

Robert Weaver (January 6, 1921 – January 26, 2008) was an influential Canadian editor and broadcaster.
Born in Niagara Falls and educated at the University of Toronto, Weaver served in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II. From 1948 to 1985, Robert Weaver worked at the CBC where he created a series of shows that identified and featured then unknown Canadian writers such as Alice Munro, Mordecai Richler, Timothy Findley, Margaret Atwood, and Leonard Cohen.
In 1956 Weaver founded the Tamarack Review, a Canadian literary magazine, focus of a literary revival which led to Toronto's overhauling Montreal as the literary capital of English Canada; for example, Weaver annually visited Canadian universities where he had literary friends (mostly from the University of Toronto) to encourage undergraduates to publish new poems and stories. Over the course of his career at the CBC, Weaver edited more than a dozen anthologies and initiated the annual CBC Literary Awards in 1979.
In order to maintain his direct contact with writers, Weaver turned down his promotions at the CBC. He accepted the appointment to the Order of Canada in 2000 after declining it multiple times, stating he was critical of the "three-tier" nature of the award.

## Works

* Canadian short stories. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1952. (with Helen James)
* Canadian Short Stories. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1960. Number 573 in The World's Classics series.
* The first five years : a selection from the Tamarack review. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1962.
* Canadian short stories, second series. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1968.
* The Oxford anthology of Canadian literature. Toronto : Oxford University Press, 1973. (with William Toye)
* Canadian short stories, third series. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1978.
* Small wonders: new stories by 12 distinguished Canadian authors. Toronto: CBC, 1982.
* The Oxford book of Canadian short stories in English. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1983. (with Margaret Atwood)
* The Anthology anthology: a selection from thirty years of CBC-Radio's "Anthology". Toronto : Macmillan of Canada, 1984.
* Canadian short stories, fourth series. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1985.
* Canadian short stories, fifth series. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1991.
* The New Oxford book of Canadian short stories in English. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995. (with Margaret Atwood)
* Emergent voices: CBC Canadian Literary Awards stories, 1979-1999. Fredericton: Goose Lane, c1999.