OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ste. Anne Bog Ecological Reserve

Ste. Anne Bog Ecological Reserve is an ecological reserve located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Giroux, Manitoba, Canada. It was established in 2015 under the Manitoba Ecological Reserves Act. It is 4.2 square kilometres (1.6 sq mi) in size.
# Bobrynets

Bobrynets (Ukrainian: Бобринець, IPA: ; Russian: Бобринец; Yiddish: בוברניץ) is a city in Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Bobrynets urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 10,396 (2022 estimate).

## History

In 1767, the colonel of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, Andrii Keynash, reported to the Kish (Ukrainian Cossack administration) that the settlement of Bobrynets was founded near the Sugoklia River. According to the document of 1777, Vasyl Ostrovsky, a former Zaporozhian Cossack, was the capacious head.
In 1816, 1910 people lived in the city.
Settlement in the Yelisavetgradsky Uyezd of the Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Jewish population of the town was 3,500 inhabitants. During the Russian civil war (1918–1920), 160 Jews were killed during pogroms.
During the Holodomor in 1932–1933, at least 146 residents of the city died.
Many left the city before the Germans occupied the area. In 1941, Jews were kept prisoners in a ghetto. At the beginning of 1942, 358 Jews were murdered in mass executions perpetrated in the nearby forest.
In 1968, the population was 11 600 people.
In 1989, the population was 12 869 people.
In 2000, the parishioners of St. Nicholas Church joined the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate.
In 2013, the population was 10 991 people.
Until 18 July 2020, Bobrynets was the administrative center of Bobrynets Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast to four. The area of Bobrynets Raion was merged into Kropyvnytskyi Raion.

## Geography
### Climate

Climate data for Bobrynets (1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.7 (30.7) | 0.2 (32.4) | 6.1 (43.0) | 15.2 (59.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.4 (81.3) | 21.2 (70.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 5.6 (42.1) | 0.6 (33.1) | 13.7 (56.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | −2.9 (26.8) | 1.9 (35.4) | 9.4 (48.9) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.4 (66.9) | 21.6 (70.9) | 21.0 (69.8) | 15.3 (59.5) | 9.0 (48.2) | 2.4 (36.3) | −2.0 (28.4) | 9.0 (48.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) | −5.9 (21.4) | −1.8 (28.8) | 4.2 (39.6) | 9.7 (49.5) | 13.8 (56.8) | 15.6 (60.1) | 14.7 (58.5) | 9.9 (49.8) | 4.7 (40.5) | −0.5 (31.1) | −4.5 (23.9) | 4.5 (40.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32.0 (1.26) | 32.9 (1.30) | 29.9 (1.18) | 33.0 (1.30) | 48.3 (1.90) | 75.5 (2.97) | 54.9 (2.16) | 44.3 (1.74) | 53.5 (2.11) | 38.0 (1.50) | 37.7 (1.48) | 35.9 (1.41) | 515.9 (20.31) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 6.7 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 4.6 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 76.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.6 | 82.5 | 77.2 | 65.9 | 61.4 | 65.9 | 63.5 | 61.4 | 68.2 | 76.2 | 85.1 | 86.2 | 73.2 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization ||||||||||||||

## Gallery

* Ascension Church
* Nature park
* Administrative building
* Bobrynets in Winter
* City museum
* Synagogue
# Northern Territory Certificate of Education and Training

The Northern Territory Certificate of Education and Training (NTCET), formerly Northern Territory Certificate of Education (NTCE), is the credential awarded to high school students who successfully complete senior high school level studies (years 10, 11 and 12 or equivalent) in the Northern Territory of Australia.

## History

Before 2011, the certificate was known as the Northern Territory Certificate of Education, or NTCE. The first full implementation of the Northern Territory Certificate of Education and Training, or NTCET, replacing the NTCE.

## The NTCET structure

NTCET is usually taught in years 11 and 12 of senior high school in the Northern Territory. There are two levels: Stage 1, generally taught in Year 11, and Stage 2, taught in Year 12. A system of credits is used; a student must earn 200 credits in a combination of compulsory and non-compulsory subjects. A grade of C or higher in the compulsory subjects is needed to attain the certificate.
Secondary students work towards the Northern Territory Certificate of Education. The Northern Territory Board of Studies issues the certificate to students who meet the requirements of achievement during their studies.

## Calculation of the Tertiary Entrance Rank

The NTCET is the main qualification for students in the Northern Territory to gain university admission.
The ATAR score is calculated by the South Australian Tertiary Admissions Centre (SATAC) for students who successfully complete the NTCET and fulfill certain other criteria to qualify for a ATAR. Results for the NTCET are forwarded to SATAC by the Northern Territory Board of Studies.
# Glucogallin

Glucogallin is chemical compound formed from gallic acid and β-D-glucose. It can be found in oaks species like the North American white oak (Quercus alba), European red oak (Quercus robur) and Amla fruit (Phyllanthus emblica).
It is formed by a gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose: gallate glucosyltransferase), an enzyme performing the esterification of two substrates, UDP-glucose and gallate to yield two products, UDP and glucogallin. This enzyme can be found in oak leaf preparations.
This the first step in the biosynthesis of gallotannins. The molecule is then used by enzymes in the gallotannins synthetics pathway like beta-glucogallin O-galloyltransferase or beta-glucogallin-tetrakisgalloylglucose O-galloyltransferase.
β-Glucogallin is aldose reductase inhibitor.
Half-life of β-Glucogallin in human body seems to be unknown.
# Earl Griffith

Harry Earl Griffith (July 13, 1887 – March 30, 1940) was a newspaper publisher who served as the Secretary of the State of Ohio from 1939 to 1940.
Griffith was born in Centerburg, Ohio, in Knox county. He was the son of Nellie Myrtle (Gunsaulus) and Harry Saiger Griffith. He attended Mount Gilead public schools. He attended Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio.
He married Mary Clara Terry on April 17, 1912. He was the publisher of the newspaper the Morrow County Sentinel, which he took over after the death of his father, Harry Saiger Griffith. The paper was started by his grandfather John W. Griffith in 1858. He served as the Post Master of Morrow County from 1928 to 1934. He was a prominent Republican in Morrow county and the state of Ohio. He served as an alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Ohio in 1924. In 1936, he ran an unsuccessful bid for the Secretary of the State of Ohio. He ran again for the same post in 1938 and won. He served as the Secretary of the State of Ohio from 1939 until his death in 1940. Governor John W. Bricker appointed George Neffner to complete the rest of Griffith's term as Secretary of State.
Griffith died in Columbus, Ohio on March 30, 1940. He is buried at River Cliff Cemetery, Mount Gilead, Ohio.
# Chin Harn Tong

Chin Harn Tong alias Chee Han Tong (Chinese: 钱翰琮; pinyin: Qián Hàn Cóng; born 8 September 1937) is a former Singaporean politician. A member of the ruling People's Action Party, Chin was a Member of Parliament for Aljunied SMC and later Aljunied GRC. In 1996, Chin retired from politics after 24 years.

## Early life

Chin was born into a Hainanese family. He was a teacher at now-defunct Kiau Nam School between 1957 and 1961, and briefly taught at Chung Hwa Girls' High School in 1964. He was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Bronze) and the Friend of Labour Award by NTUC in 1971.

## Career

After leaving his teaching career, Chin joined the labour movement in Singapore. He was Assistant Director at NTUC Research Unit between 1970 and 1978 and subsequently Executive Director and Advisor of NTUC COMFORT from 1978 to 1986.
In 1972, Chin ran for parliament as a PAP candidate in Aljunied SMC. He defeated candidates from the Workers' Party and the United National Front by winning 71.5% of the votes. In 1976, Chin ran for re-election in the same constituency, this time competing against Lim Kang Chew of the Workers' Party. Chin was re-elected with 74.9% of the votes won. In 1980, Chin faced United Front's Sim Peng Kim and won 84.6% of the votes. The Aljunied SMC seat was uncontested in the 1984 General Election and Chin returned to parliament.
In the 1988 General Election, the GRC system was introduced. Aljunied SMC became part of 3-person Aljunied GRC. The PAP team consisted of Chin, Wan Hussin bin Zoohri, and future Foreign Minister George Yeo. They faced a challenge from the SDP team of Mohamed Jufrie, Neo Choon Aik, and Ashleigh Seow. The PAP team defeated the SDP team by winning 56.33% of the votes. In the 1991 General Election, Aljunied GRC was uncontested and Chin returned to parliament; this would be his last election before retiring. Chin chaired the Aljunied Town Council from 1989 to 1993.
Chin became Political Secretary and later Parliamentary Secretary for Home Affairs between 1977 and 1981. He rose to become Senior Parliamentary Secretary for Home Affairs between 1981 and 1988.
After his retirement from politics, Chin was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1998.
# Haseen Ahmed

Haseen Ahmed (born 10 January 1954) is an Indian former cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.
# Mirjam Hooman-Kloppenburg

Mirjam Hooman-Kloppenburg (born 4 January 1966) is a former female table tennis player from Netherlands. She won three medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the Table Tennis European Championships at Stuttgart in 1992. She also achieved a third team place in the Table Tennis World Cup in 1994, and competed at three Olympic Games.
# Norman Cameron (politician)

Donald Norman Cameron (3 November 1851 – 17 February 1931) was an Australian politician. He served in the House of Representatives (1901–1903, 1904–1906) and Tasmanian House of Assembly (1912–1913, 1925–1928).

## Early life

Cameron was born in Launceston, Tasmania, the son of Donald Cameron who served in the Tasmanian Legislative Council from 1868 to 1886.

## Federal politics

At the 1901 federal election, Cameron was elected for the Free Trade Party as one of Tasmania's five members of the Australian House of Representatives, since Tasmania had not been divided into electoral divisions. He was one of few to publicly oppose the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, a cornerstone of the White Australia policy, stating:
   [N]o race on... this earth has been treated in a more shameful manner than have the Chinese.... They were forced at the point of a bayonet to admit Englishmen... into China. Now if we compel them to admit our people... why in the name of justice should we refuse to admit them here?
At the 1903 election he contested the seat of Denison, but was defeated by the Protectionist candidate, Sir Philip Fysh. He returned to the House when he won a by-election in the seat of Wilmot in 1904. He is remembered today for his part in the choice of national capital. The house was evenly divided, he effectively having the casting vote. After two weeks' prevarication he settled on Canberra.
Prior to the 1906 election, supporters of the Anti-Socialists in Cameron's electorate decided to switch their support to a new candidate, Llewellyn Atkinson, as they believed Atkinson was more popular in the electorate and did not wish to split the vote. However, some newspapers such as The Hobart Mercury still listed him as the endorsed Anti-Socialist candidate in Wilmot. He was defeated by Atkinson and out-polled by the Labor candidate, finishing with 12.1 percent of the vote.

## State politics and later life

After losing his federal seat Cameron returned to Tasmanian politics, serving in the House of Assembly from 1912 to 1913 and again from 1925 to 1928. He died at Chudleigh of pneumonia following a fall. He was survived by his wife, a daughter and two of his three sons. One son, Donald Keith Cameron, served in the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1934 to 1937. His brother Cyril Cameron was a Protectionist Party Senator contemporaneously with his service as MHR, 1901–1903 then from 1906 to 1913.
# Siege of Silistria

Siege of Silistria or Silistra may refer to:
* Siege of Silistra (1773), during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774
* Siege of Silistra (1828), during the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829
* Siege of Silistria (1854), during the Crimean War
# Alias French Gertie

Alias French Gertie is an American pre-Code crime film directed by George Archainbaud from a screenplay by Wallace Smith, based upon the unproduced play The Chatterbox by Bayard Veiller. The film stars Bebe Daniels and Ben Lyon, who were making their first on-screen appearance together. A copy of this film survives in the Library of Congress.

## Plot

French Gertie is a jewel thief posing as French maid named Marie, and she plans to rob the safe of her employer. However, on the night of the robbery, a thief named Jimmy appears, also intending to empty the safe. Jimmy opens the safe and the two agree to divide the contents evenly. However, when the police arrive, Jimmy hides Gertie and is arrested, later admitting to perpetrating the crime alone.
After serving a year-long prison sentence, Jimmy is reunited with Gertie, and they form a crime partnership. After several bank robberies, Marie and Jimmy agree that after one last haul, they will turn straight. Marie, along with her friends and neighbors Mr. and Mrs. Matson, persuade Jimmy to invest his $30,000 savings in Matson's business. However, the Matsons are also crooks who have stolen Jimmy's life's savings.
After Jimmy determines to return to safecracking, planning to begin with Marie's former employers, Marie hatches a plot to encourage him to turn straight. When Detective Kelcey agrees to allow them to remain free if they will turn straight, they agree.

## Cast

* Bebe Daniels as Marie
* Ben Lyon as Jimmy
* Robert Emmett O'Connor as Kelcey
* John Ince as Mr. Matson
* Daisy Belmore as Mrs. Matson
* Betty Pierce as Nellie
* Nella Walker as Morton's Wife

## Production

Alias French Gertie is the first film to feature both Daniels and Lyon. They were married a short time later in June 1930, and they remained married until Daniels' death in 1971.
The film was a remake of the 1925 FBO silent film Smooth as Satin, starring Evelyn Brent and Bruce Gordon and directed by Ralph Ince.

## Reception

In a contemporary review for The New York Times, critic Mordaunt Hall wrote: "[T]his film has not been handled with the subtlety and smoothness it deserves. Nevertheless, up to a certain point, it is a production that holds the interest, but what should have been the main idea is sacrificed for a more obvious turn of events. ... This might have been a more engrossing piece of work had the climax been kept to the uncovering of the evil doings of the Matsons, instead of carrying on the story to another attempt at stealing."
# Bhagavan (disambiguation)

Bhagavan is a term meaning the blessed or fortunate one in Hinduism.
Bhagavan (also spelt Bhagawan or Bhagwan) may also refer to:

## People

* Bhagavan Antle, American wildlife enthusiast, trainer, and businessperson
* Bhagwan Dada (1913–2002), Indian actor and film director
* Bhagwan Das (disambiguation)
** Bhagwan Das (1869–1958), Indian theosophist
** Bhagavan Das (yogi) (born 1945), American yoga teacher
* Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (1931–1990), also known as Osho, Indian mystic and spiritual teacher
* Dada Bhagwan (1908–1988), Indian spiritual leader
* Krishna Bhagavaan (born 1965), Indian actor
* Sri Bhagavan (born 1949), Indian spiritual master and founder of Oneness University
* S. K. Bhagavan, Indian filmmaker

## Films

* Bhagavan (1986 film), an Indian Malayalam-language film
* Bhagavan (2009 film), an Indian Malayalam-language film
* Bhagawan (2004 film), an Indian Kannada-language action film
# Zumpy

Zumpy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boronów, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) west of Boronów, 15 km (9 mi) east of Lubliniec, and 49 km (30 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Fiscus, Iowa

Fiscus is an unincorporated community in Audubon County, Iowa, in the United States.

## History

A post office was established in Fiscus in 1889, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1903. Adam Cain Fiscus was the minister at the Fiscus Church of Christ.
Fiscus' population was 12 in 1925. The population was 30 in 1940.
# Łabędź, Silesian Voivodeship

Łabędź is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koniecpol, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Koniecpol, 37 km (23 mi) east of Częstochowa, and 79 km (49 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.
# Łaziec, Silesian Voivodeship

Łaziec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Konopiska, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-west of Częstochowa and 52 km (32 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Fort Fish

* view
* talk
Fort Fish was an earthworks fortification within what is now Central Park, Manhattan, New York City. The fort was located on East Drive near 105th Street, directly across from the Central Park Conservancy's composting area, which was once a girls' school. Currently the only memorial on the Fort Fish site is a white marble bench dedicated to the memory of Andrew Haswell Green, the 19th century educator and city planner.
The fort was named for Nicholas Fish, chairman of New York's Committee of Defense during the War of 1812. (He was also father of U.S. Senator and Secretary of State Hamilton Fish). Only Blockhouse No. 1 remains of the system of defense.
Fort Fish was the southern extremity of a complex of forts built along a portion of the Old Post Road, or Kingsbridge Road (now East Drive in Central Park), a region formerly known as McGowan's Pass. According to a 1905 local history, the Fort Fish site is "at an elevation of 89 feet above tide-water," making it the highest point in the northeast quadrant of Central Park.
# Łubki, Silesian Voivodeship

Łubki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbrosławice, within Tarnowskie Góry County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Zbrosławice, 13 km (8 mi) west of Tarnowskie Góry, and 29 km (18 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.
# Count of Vermandois

The count of Vermandois was the ruler of the county of Vermandois.

## Beneficiary counts of Vermandois

* Leodegar, Count of Vermandois (c. 484).
* Emerannus (c. 511), son of previous.
* Wagon I (c. 550).
* Wagon II (c. 600), son of previous.
* Garifrede (c. 660).
* Ingomar, Count of Vermandois (c. 680).

## Beneficiary counts of Vermandois and abbots of Saint Quentin de Monte

* Bernard, son of Charles Martel, abbot of St Quentin de Monte (now Mont-Saint-Quentin near Péronne).
* Jerome, brother of previous, count of Vermandois and abbot of St Quentin de Monte (714–771).
* Fulrad son of previous, abbot of St Quentin de Monte (after 771).
* Guntard, Count of Vermandois (771–833) and then abbot of St Quentin de Monte (till 833).
* Hugh, son of Charlemagne, abbot of St Quentin de Monte (833–844).
* Adalard, Count of Vermandois, son of Gisla, granddaughter of Charlemagne, count of Vermandois (833–864) and then abbot of St Quentin de Monte (844–864).
* Baldwin Iron Arm abbot of St Quentin de Monte (864–879).
* Teutricius (864–886) and then abbot of St Quentin de Monte (879–886) or Theodoric, Count of Vermandois (c. 876), a descendant of Childebrand, brother of Charles Martel.

## Carolingian counts

* Pepin I of Vermandois, son of Bernard, King of Italy
* unknown
* Pepin II of Vermandois
* Herbert I, Count of Vermandois, also count of Senlis
* Herbert II, Count of Vermandois
* Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois, lord of Péronne and St Quentin
* Herbert III, Count of Vermandois
* Adalbert II, Count of Vermandois
* Otto, Count of Vermandois
* Herbert IV, Count of Vermandois
* Adelaide, Countess of Vermandois

## Capetian counts

* Hugh the Great, Count of Vermandois and Valois by marriage
* Ralph I, Count of Vermandois
* Ralph II, Count of Vermandois, son of Ralph I and Petronilla of Aquitaine
* Elisabeth, Countess of Vermandois
* Eleanor, Countess of Vermandois; died either childless or without any designated heirs, lands passed to French crown
Philip II of France added Vermandois to the royal domain.

## Bourbon counts

* Louis de Bourbon, comte de Vermandois (1669–1683), illegitimate son of Louis XIV and Louise de la Vallière, title held by appanage.
# Łuków, Silesian Voivodeship

Łuków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gaszowice, within Rybnik County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Gaszowice, 11 km (7 mi) west of Rybnik, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.
# Łuszczyn, Silesian Voivodeship

Łuszczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mstów, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Mstów, 17 km (11 mi) east of Częstochowa, and 70 km (43 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Śmiertny Dąb

Śmiertny Dąb is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Janów, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Janów, 24 km (15 mi) east of Częstochowa, and 64 km (40 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.
# Redux (literary term)

Redux is a postpositive adjective meaning 'brought back, restored' (from Latin reducere, 'to bring back') used in literature, film and video game titles.

## History

Works of literature using the word in the title include John Dryden's Astraea Redux (1662), "a poem on the happy restoration and return of His Sacred Majesty"; Anthony Trollope's Phineas Redux (1873), the sequel to Phineas Finn (1867); and John Updike's Rabbit Redux (1971), the second in his sequence of novels about the character Rabbit Angstrom.
Rabbit Redux led to a return in the popularity of the word redux and, in Rabbit at Rest (1990), Rabbit Angstrom notices "a story ... in the Sarasota paper a week or so ago, headlined Circus Redux. He hates that word, you see it everywhere, and he doesn't know how to pronounce it. Like arbitrageur and perestroika."
The term has been adopted by filmmakers to denote a new interpretation of an existing work by the restoration of previously removed material. For example Apocalypse Now Redux, which Francis Ford Coppola released in 2001, re-editing and extending his original 1979 movie.
The term has also been used by music producers to describe what is more often referred to as a remix or remaster.