OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David P. Holloway

David Pierson Holloway (December 7, 1809 – September 9, 1883) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1855 to 1857.

## Early life and career

Born in Waynesville, Ohio, Holloway moved with his parents to Cincinnati in 1813. He attended the common schools. Learned the printing business and served four years in the office of the Cincinnati Gazette. He moved to Richmond, Indiana, in 1823. Purchased the Richmond Palladium in 1832 and was its editor and proprietor until he died.

## Political career

He served as member of the State House of Representatives in 1843 and 1844. He served in the State Senate 1844–1850. He was appointed in 1849 examiner of land offices.

### Congress

Holloway was elected as an Indiana People's Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857). He served as chairman of the Committee on Agriculture (Thirty-fourth Congress).

## Later career and death

He was appointed commissioner of patents and served from 1861 to 1865. He engaged as a patent attorney in Washington, D.C., until his death, on September 9, 1883, and was interred in Maple Grove Cemetery, Richmond, Indiana. However, he was reinterred in Earlham Cemetery.
# James M. Gudger Jr.

James Madison Gudger Jr. (October 22, 1855 – February 29, 1920) was an American lawyer and politician who served four terms as a U.S. Representative from North Carolina from 1903 to 1907 and again from 1911 to 1915.
He was father of Katherine Gudger Langley.

## Biography

Born near Marshall, North Carolina, Gudger attended the common schools at Sand Hill, North Carolina, and Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia. He studied law in Pearson's Law School, Asheville, North Carolina. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Marshall, North Carolina, in 1872. He served as member of the State senate in 1900. State solicitor of the sixteenth district in 1901 and 1902.

### Congress

Gudger was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1907). He resumed the practice of law at Asheville, North Carolina.
Gudger was elected to the Sixty-second and Sixty-third Congresses (March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1915). He served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Sixty-third Congress). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 to the Sixty-fourth Congress.

### Later career and death

He again resumed the practice of his profession. He died in Asheville, North Carolina, February 29, 1920. He was interred in Riverside Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "James M. Gudger Jr. (id: G000514)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byDistrict re-established | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 10th congressional district 1903–1907 | Succeeded byWilliam T. Crawford |
| Preceded byJohn G. Grant | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 10th congressional district 1911–1915 | Succeeded byJames J. Britt |
# Albert R. Meyer

Albert Ronald da Silva Meyer (born 1941) is Hitachi America Professor emeritus of computer science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

## Biography

Meyer received his PhD from Harvard University in 1972 in applied mathematics, under the supervision of Patrick C. Fischer. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) faculty at MIT in 1969. Meyer became the Hitachi America Professor of Computer Science and Engineering in 1991. He retired from MIT in 2016.

## Academic life

Meyer's seminal works include Meyer & Stockmeyer (1972), which introduced the polynomial hierarchy. He has supervised numerous PhD students who are now famous computer scientists; these include Nancy Lynch, Leonid Levin, Jeanne Ferrante, Charles Rackoff, Larry Stockmeyer, David Harel, Joseph Halpern, John C. Mitchell, and Val Tannen. He was the editor-in-chief of the international computer science journal Information and Computation from 1981 until 2020.

## Awards

He has been a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) since 1987, and he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 2000.

## Personal life

He is married to the computer scientist Irene Greif.

## Publications

* 1991. Research Directions in Computer Science: An MIT Perspective. (Ed. with John Guttag, Ronald Rivest, and Peter Szolovits) MIT Press.
* Meyer, Albert R.; Stockmeyer, Larry J. (1972). "The equivalence problem for regular expressions with squaring requires exponential space". Proc. 13th Annual Symposium on Switching and Automata Theory. pp. 125–129. doi:10.1109/SWAT.1972.29..
# Michaela Schabinger

Michaela Schabinger (born 23 March 1961) is a German sprinter. She competed in the women's 200 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics representing West Germany.
# Amy Kelley

Amy S. Kelley is an American geriatrician and palliative care specialist serving as the deputy director of the National Institute on Aging since 2022. She was previously the Hermann Merkin Professor in Palliative Care at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

## Education

Amy S. Kelley earned a M.D. from Weill Cornell Medicine. She later completed a Master of Science in Health Services (M.S.H.S.) from the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health.

## Career

Kelley was a professor and vice chair for health policy and faculty development at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There, she held the Hermann Merkin professorship in Palliative Care within the Brookdale department of geriatrics and palliative medicine. Additionally, she served as the senior associate dean for gender equity in research affairs.
Her research, funded by NIH grants from the National Institute on Aging (NIA), focused on the needs of ill older adults and their families. Kelley conducted studies using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), often linked with Medicare claims, to analyze treatment intensity and financial burdens faced by individuals with Alzheimer's disease, related dementias, and other illnesses. Her findings emphasized the importance of identifying older adults at risk for high healthcare costs and unmet care needs.
In 2022, Kelley joined the NIA as deputy director, succeeding Melinda Kelley. Her responsibilities include providing strategic leadership, overseeing daily operations, and managing diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) initiatives. In 2024, she became the acting director of the division of neuroscience following the removal of Eliezer Masliah.
# Pabor Lake

Pabor Lake is north of the city of Avon Park, Florida. It is a natural, round forty acre lake. About eighty-five percent of the lake is in Polk County, Florida. The remainder of the lake is in Highlands County, Florida. The lake is found at an elevation of 98 feet (30 m).
Pabor Lake is a public lake accessible from Lake Pabor Drive, which winds around the lake's north and east sides.
# Von Schrenck's bittern

Von Schrenck's bittern or Schrenck's bittern (Botaurus eurhythmus) is a small bittern named after Leopold von Schrenck, the 19th-century Russian zoologist. It breeds in southeast Siberia, east China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan. It winters from the Malay Peninsula to the Greater Sunda Islands, Sulawesi and the Philippines. This species was formerly placed in the genus Ixobrychus.

## Taxonomy

Von Schrenck's bittern was formally described in 1873 by the English naturalist Robert Swinhoe under the binomial name Ardetta eurhythma. He designated the type locality as the Amor (Xiamen) and Shanghai regions of China. Swinhoe realised that the species had been illustrated in a book by the Russian zoologist Leopold von Schrenck published in 1858. Von Schrenck had encountered the bird in the Amur river basin of eastern Russia and had believed it was a cinnamon bittern. Von Schrenck's bittern was formerly placed in the genus Ixobrychus. A molecular phylogenetic study of the heron family Ardeidae published in 2023 found that Ixobrychus was paraphyletic. To create monophyletic genera, Ixobrychus was merged into the genus Botaurus that had been introduced in 1819 by the English naturalist James Francis Stephens. The genus name Botaurus is Medieval Latin for a bittern. The specific epithet eurhythmus is from Ancient Greek eurhuthmos meaning "graceful" or "well-proportioned". The species is treated as monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

## Description

The male is uniformly chestnut above, and buff below and on the wing covert feathers. The female and juvenile are chestnut all over with white speckles above, and white streaks below. When in flight, it shows black flight feathers and tail. It is a small species at 33 to 39 cm (13 to 15 in) in length, with a short neck, longish yellow beak and yellow legs.

## Distribution and habitat

It breeds in China and Siberia from March to July, and Japan from May to August. It winters in Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Laos, passing through the rest of Southeast Asia. It is an exceptionally rare vagrant as far west as Europe, with a single sighting in Italy in 1912.

## Behaviour and ecology

Von Schrenck's bittern breeds in reed beds and tends to emerge at dusk to forage for prey.

## Conservation

Widespread throughout its large range, Von Schrenck's bittern has been assessed as least concern on the IUCN Red List.
# Miles for Men

Miles for Men is a UK charity which hosts male only fun runs around the country to raise funds for cancer charities. They have already raised over £84,500.

## Races
### Hartlepool

* The very first Miles for Men race was a 5k run in Hartlepool in summer 2012. Around 1,000 runners took part raising £40,106.69 versus the original target of £7,000.
* The second Hartlepool race took place in July 2013. It was started by comedian Roy 'Chubby' Brown.
* The third Hartlepool race will be a 5k run on 27 July 2014 with 2,000 places for runners. It will start and end at The Domes in Seaton Carew.

### Newcastle

* The first Newcastle race was a 5k run at Exhibition Park, Newcastle on 3 November 2013. Around 250 runners took part including eleven Northumbria Police officers in full riot gear - including helmet, shield and elbow and shin guards - and five men from Speedflex Fitness carrying a fridge.

### Sunderland

* The first Sunderland race will take place on 3 August 2014 in Herrington Country Park. The race director is Joanne Makepeace.
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 538

This is a list of all United States Supreme Court cases from volume 538 of the United States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Conn. Dept. of Pub. Safety v. Doe | 538 U.S. 1 | 2003 |
| Ewing v. California | 538 U.S. 11 | 2003 |
| Lockyer v. Andrade | 538 U.S. 63 | 2003 |
| Smith v. Doe | 538 U.S. 84 | 2003 |
| Cook Cnty. v. United States ex rel. Chandler | 538 U.S. 119 | 2003 |
| Norfolk & W. R.R. Co. v. Ayers | 538 U.S. 135 | 2003 |
| Cuyahoga Falls v. Buckeye Community Hope Foundation | 538 U.S. 188 | 2003 |
| Woodford v. Garceau | 538 U.S. 202 | 2003 |
| Brown v. Legal Foundation | 538 U.S. 216 | 2003 |
| Branch v. Smith | 538 U.S. 254 | 2003 |
| Archer v. Warner | 538 U.S. 314 | 2003 |
| Ky. Ass'n of Health Plans, Inc. v. Miller | 538 U.S. 329 | 2003 |
| Virginia v. Black | 538 U.S. 343 | 2003 |
| PacifiCare Health Systems, Inc. v. Book | 538 U.S. 401 | 2003 |
| State Farm Mut. Automobile Ins. Co. v. Campbell | 538 U.S. 408 | 2003 |
| Clackamas Gastroenterology Associates, P.C. v. Wells | 538 U.S. 440 | 2003 |
| Jinks v. Richland Cnty. | 538 U.S. 456 | 2003 |
| Dole Food Co. v. Patrickson | 538 U.S. 468 | 2003 |
| Franchise Tax Board v. Hyatt | 538 U.S. 488 | 2003 |
| Massaro v. United States | 538 U.S. 500 | 2003 |
| Demore v. Kim | 538 U.S. 510 | 2003 |
| Roell v. Withrow | 538 U.S. 580 | 2003 |
| Illinois ex rel. Madigan v. Telemarketing Associates, Inc. | 538 U.S. 600 | 2003 |
| Kaupp v. Texas | 538 U.S. 626 | 2003 |
| Price v. Vincent | 538 U.S. 634 | 2003 |
| Pharmaceutical Research and Mfrs. v. Walsh | 538 U.S. 644 | 2003 |
| Breuer v. Jim's Concrete of Brevard, Inc. | 538 U.S. 691 | 2003 |
| Inyo Cnty. v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians | 538 U.S. 701 | 2003 |
| City of Los Angeles v. David | 538 U.S. 715 | 2003 |
| Kansas v. Nebraska | 538 U.S. 720 | 2003 |
| Nev. Dept. of Human Resources v. Hibbs | 538 U.S. 721 | 2003 |
| Chavez v. Martinez | 538 U.S. 760 | 2003 |
| Nat'l Park Hospitality Assn. v. Dept. of Interior | 538 U.S. 803 | 2003 |
| Black & Decker Disability Plan v. Nord | 538 U.S. 822 | 2003 |
| Bunkley v. Florida | 538 U.S. 835 | 2003 |
| Kenyeres v. Ashcroft | 538 U.S. 1301 | 2003 |
# Albert Woolley (footballer)

Albert Woolley (1871–4 February 1896) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Aston Villa and Derby County. He was described as "a very fine outside left forward, combining great speed with cleverness and dash" and as a "speedy forward, tricky dodger, and fine accurate shot at goal". He died of consumption aged just 24, whilst in dispute with Derby County over non-payment of his wages. The club paid £45 to Woolley's parents on his death to settle the claim.
# Seinendan

Seinendan (青年団, Seinendan, "Youth association") was a youth organization formed on 9 March 1943 by the Imperial Japanese Army in the occupied Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia). The purpose of the Seinendan organization was ostensibly to educate and train young people so that they could defend their homeland from imperialism. Its real purpose, however, was to prepare the Indonesian youths to assist the Japanese military against the expected Allied invasion of the Indonesian archipelago. The organization was considered paramilitary in nature and under the leadership of the occupation authorities (Japanese: 軍政官, romanized: Gunseikan). The requirements to become a member proved not too strict and soon there were 35,500 youth members aged 14 to 25 years old from all over Java. This number had grown to about 500,000 youths by the time Japan surrendered.
# Manuel Maria Mustelier

Manuel Maria Mustelier (1878–1941) was a Cuban writer whose works were included in the newspaper El Mundo, as well as El Fígaro, Bohemia, and Cuba y América.
Born in Santiago de Cuba, he engaged in separatist activities from an early age alongside his brother, Luis Alejandro. He also taught at various schools in Havana.
# Jules Coignet

Jules Louis Philippe Coignet was born in Paris in 1798 and died there in 1860. He was a noted landscape painter who had studied under Jean-Victor Bertin. He travelled a good deal in his own country as well as elsewhere in Europe and the East, and produced a considerable number of views. A regular exhibitor at the Paris Salon exhibitions, he was awarded a gold medal there in the Salon of 1824 and was given state recognition by being made a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1836.

## Paintings

As a painter, Coignet holds a middle place between the Idealists and the Realists, and his work is remarkable for the combination of vigour and delicacy in the effects of light and shade, for poetical feeling, for a firm brush, and occasionally for grandeur of conception. This is particularly evident in "The Ruins of the Temple of Paestum", now in Munich's Neue Pinakothek. There are times too when his paintings have an atmospheric, almost Impressionist effect. One example is the coastal sunset in the Louvre; another is the pastel "Grey weather over the sea" (1848) in the Dijon museum.
Following the 1824 exhibition in Paris of John Constable's paintings, Coignet began painting outside in the forest of Fontainebleau and encouraged his students to do the same. One of his specialities was painting tree 'portraits', of which there are many examples, both as finished paintings and as sketches in oil paint. Two notable examples are the ancient oak, with a dolmen and meditating monk in the background, in the Quimper museum and the dramatic "Oak tree and reeds" in the Musée Jean de La Fontaine at Château-Thierry. As a pioneer of open air painting (la peinture en plein air), Coignet has been counted a member of the Barbizon school, the artists associated with the village of Barbizon, where he had painted long before they settled there. In fact one of the minor members of this school, the genre painter Ferdinand Chaigneau [fr], was a pupil of Coignet's.
In addition to producing many water-colours, pastels and etchings, he wrote a book on landscape painting and published in 1825 a series of sixty Italian views. Among his other pupils were Léo Drouyn [fr], the Belgian landscapist Auguste Böhm [fr] and the orientalist Charles-Théodore Frère.
* The temples at Paestum in evening light
* The coast of the Bay of Naples near Posilippo, 1823/8, Fitzwilliam Museum
* An oak felled in a storm, illustrating La Fontaine's fable of "The Oak and the Reed", 1831, Château-Thierry museum
* A study of a decaying tree
* View of Beirut
# Nokhu Crags

Nokhu Crags is a rock formation and mountain summit in the Never Summer Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The name is derived from the Arapaho language, Neaha-no-xhu, meaning "Eagles Nest." The 12,490-foot (3,807 m) peak is located in State Forest State Park, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south (bearing 181°) of Cameron Pass in Jackson County, Colorado, United States. The summit lies just northwest of the Continental Divide and Rocky Mountain National Park, near the headwaters of the Michigan River. The peak is prominently visible from State Highway 14 and can be seen throughout the southern North Park basin where it is known also known as "Sawtooth Mountain", "the Crags" or "Sleeping Indian" for its resemblance to the form of a supine chief. To the east lie the shallow basins of Snow Lake and the Michigan or American Lakes; to the north lies a snow filled couloir; to the west the mountain descends directly into the deep waters of Lake Agnes; and to the south lie Static Peak, Mount Richthofen, and the remainder of the Never Summer Mountain Range.

## Geology

The rocks of the peak were formed as a sedimentary deposit millions of years ago in an ancient ocean basin. The entire region was subsequently thrust up with the formation of the Medicine Bow Range at the close of the Mesozoic Era. Around 24–29 million years ago, rising magma began to create volcanoes that were the predecessors of the Never Summer Mountains. The magma cooled into granitic formations and nearby, now vertical, shale metamorphosed into the hornfels that forms the present day Nokhu Crags. After millions of years of erosion and glaciation, the vertical fin-like form of the Nohku Crags was exposed. Erosion continues to reshape the Crags, as evidenced by the extensive talus field at its base.
Today the mountain is a barren, almost treeless form, virtually devoid of vegetation. During the day, pika and mountain goats may be seen and heard on the steep slopes. In the afternoon light green and orange hues of lichen covering the face of the rocks becomes apparent. In the evening thousands of bats stream from nooks and crannies of the western face. In the winter the Nokhu Crags are covered with deep snow and the flanks are the scene of frequent avalanches. An avalanche in 2013 killed a skier and buried another skier for hours.

## Historical names

* Nokhu Crags
* Sawtooth Crags
* Sawtooth Mountain
* Sleeping Indian
# North Arapaho Peak

North Arapaho Peak is the highest summit of the Indian Peaks in the northern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The 13,508-foot (4,117 m) thirteener is located in the Indian Peaks Wilderness, 7.8 miles (12.6 km) west-southwest (bearing 245°) of the Town of Ward, Colorado, United States, on the Continental Divide separating Roosevelt National Forest and Boulder County from Arapaho National Forest and Grand County.
Between North Arapaho Peak and neighboring South Arapaho Peak sits Arapaho Glacier, which is owned by the City of Boulder as part of its water supply. North and South Arapahoe Peaks are connected by a 0.8 mile, Class 4 connecting ridge. West of these peaks is Arapaho Pass.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, the mountain is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring. Climbers can expect afternoon rain, hail, and lightning from the seasonal monsoon in late July and August. This climate supports the Arapaho Glacier on the peak's east slope.

## Historical names

* Arapaho Peak
* North Arapaho Peak
# 2010 VFF SonHa Cup

The 2010 VFF Cup was the 7th season of the annual football tournament organised in Vietnam, took place on 2–6 November 2011.

## History

The 2010 VFF Cup will be mainly sponsored by Son Ha Company to develop football in Vietnam. As of that, this year's competition was named the VFF SonHa Cup.
Traditionally, the VFF Cup is a meeting place between two predestined rivals Vietnam and Thailand. However, Thailand refused to participate in this tournament causing difficulties for the organizers. Finally with the participation of Singapore, Korean and North Korean students believe that the quality of the tournament is guaranteed.
Vietnam Football Federation had invited the national teams of Korea DPR, Singapore, and a South Korean University Selection Team. These team will be competing against the host nation team Vietnam. For this edition of the tournament, Korea DPR squad won the VFF Cup for the first time following their 2–0 victory over Vietnam. Singapore finished second and the South Korean University Selection Team was third.

## Regulation

The tournament is decided through a round-robin format with team with the highest point will become the winner.

## Venue

* Hanoi
* Mỹ Đình National Stadium
* 21°1′14″N 105°45′49.7″E﻿ / ﻿21.02056°N 105.763806°E﻿ / 21.02056; 105.763806
* Capacity: 40,000

## Result

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Korea DPR | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 7 |
| Singapore | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 4 |
| South Korea Universiade | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| Vietnam | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | −4 | 1 |
# North Star Mountain (Colorado)

North Star Mountain is a 13,614-foot (4,150 m) mountain summit on the shared border of Park County and Summit County, in Colorado, United States.

## Description

North Star Mountain is set on the Continental Divide 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of Hoosier Pass in the Mosquito Range which is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. It ranks as the 187th-highest peak in Colorado. The mountain is located 9 miles (14 km) south-southwest of the community of Breckenridge on land managed by Arapaho National Forest and Pike National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's south slope drains into headwaters of the Middle Fork South Platte River and the north slope drains to the Blue River via Monte Cristo Creek. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,000 feet (610 m) above the Platte in one mile (1.6 km) and 1,600 feet (488 m) above Monte Cristo Creek in one-half mile (0.80 km). An ascent of the peak involves hiking eight miles (13 km) with 2,400 feet (732 m) of elevation gain. The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and has been recorded in publications since at least 1884.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, North Star Mountain is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter, and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring.
# Laura Teani

Laura Teani (born 13 March 1991) is an Italian water polo player of Italy.
She was part of the Italian team winning the bronze medal at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, where she played as goalkeeper. She participated in the 2016 Summer Olympics.