OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Supreme Court of Hong Kong

The Supreme Court of Hong Kong was the highest court from 1976 to 1997 in British Hong Kong. It heard cases of first instance and appeals from the District and Magisrates Courts as well as certain tribunals. The Supreme Court was from 1976 made up of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal.
Following the handover on 1 July 1997, the Supreme Court became the High Court of Hong Kong, which is made up of the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal.

## History
### Establishment

The Supreme Court was established in 1844 after Hong Kong became a British Crown colony under the Treaty of Nanjing. The first sitting of the court was on 1 October 1844 presided over by the first Chief Justice, John Walter Hulme.

### Appeals

For almost 70 years after establishment of the court, there was no Court of Appeal in Hong Kong. Appeals were either by way of re-hearing or made directly to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. From 1913, appeals were heard by a Full Court made up of 3 judges. From 1913 to 1943, a judge of the British Supreme Court for China in Shanghai was eligible to sit on the Full Court. In the 1910s and 1920s, a Shanghai judge would regularly travel to Hong Kong to sit on the Full Court. Sir Havilland de Sausmarez, a judge of the Shanghai court, was the President of the Full Court from 1910 to 1920. From 1926 to 1941, a judge of the Hong Kong Supreme Court also sat on the full court of the British Supreme Court for China.
The Court of Appeal was established in 1976. Appeals from the Court of Appeal and Full Court and, certain criminal appeals from the High Court, lay to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom. In order to appeal to the Privy Council, leave to appeal was required either from the court appealed from or the Privy Council.

### Renaming on transfer of sovereignty

After the transfer of sovereignty the Supreme Court was renamed as the High Court and the High Court of the former Supreme Court was renamed the Court of First Instance. Appeals from the Court of Appeal (and where there is such a direct appeal, the Court of First Instance) are now heard by the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal, which was established on 1 July 1997.

## Buildings

* 1844–1848: A building at the junction of Wyndham and Wellington Streets
* 1848–?: Exchange Building, 7 Queen's Road, Central, a building originally erected for Dent & Co. by Tam Achoy.
* 1889–1911: No. 29 Queen's Road, Central, between the Post Office and Land Office
* 1912–1980: The old Supreme Court Building – until 2012, the Legislative Council Building at 8 Jackson Road, Central, Hong Kong Island. It became the new seat of the Hong Kong Court of Final AppealAppeal in September 2015.
* 1980–1983: The Former French Mission Building, later home to the Court of Final Appeal (1997–2015)
* 1985–1997: The new Supreme Court Building – now the High Court Building at 38 Queensway, Admiralty, Hong Kong Island
# Jack of the Red Hearts

Jack of the Red Hearts is an American film directed by Janet Grillo and centered on the issues of orphanage, family, autism, exclusion and inclusion. The film premiered on May 6, 2015 at the Bentonville Film Festival and released theatrically on February 26, 2016.

## Plot

18-year-old Jack struggles to take care of her younger sister, Coke, as both are orphans. When Coke is taken into social assistance services, Jack is required to find a stable income in order to gain legal custody of her sister. After taking the resume of an actual therapist, Donna and assuming her identity, Jack is hired by Kay and Mark to care for their daughter, a young autistic girl named Glory, who is about Coke's age. While Jack finds her job challenging at first, she eventually improves and creates a positive connection with Glory. After the forgery is discovered by Robert (Israel Broussard), Jack realizes her wrongdoing. She helps the family and gets Glory admission to a school. She goes to meet her sister and tell her that she should stay in the foster home. The family then forgives her and promises to do anything they can for Jack. At the end of the movie, we can see Jack as she contemplates the sky the same way as Glory, while being driven in a police car.

## Cast

* AnnaSophia Robb as Jacqueline "Jack" Ferguson, an eighteen-year-old runaway
* Famke Janssen as Kay Adams, Robert and Glory's mother
* Scott Cohen as Mark Adams, Robert and Glory's father
* Israel Broussard as Robert Adams, Glory's seventeen-year-old brother and Jack's love interest
* Taylor Richardson as Glory Adams, an eleven-year-old autistic girl
* Sophia Anne Caruso as Bethany "Coke" Ferguson, Jack's eleven-year-old sister
* Maria Rivera as Daisy, Jack's best friend
* John D'Leo as Dudley, Robert's best friend
* Omar Maskati as Junior

## Reception

Jack of the Red Hearts has grossed a total worldwide of $31,126. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 55% based on 11 reviews, and an average rating of 5.9/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 55 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". The film won the jury award for best film at the first Bentonville Film Festival in 2015, the Audience Award for the Best Narrative Feature, the Jury Award for the Best Feature Narrative and the Director Prize for Best Young Actress (for Taylor Richardson's performance as a severely autistic child) at Woods Hole Film Festival 2015, and The Chimaera Project Award at the Catalina Film Festival 2015.
# MChip

mChip is a portable blood test device which is capable of diagnosing an infection of HIV or Syphilis within 15 minutes and could be used effectively against HIV/AIDS in developing countries. The mChip costs about US$ 1 and the entire diagnostic kit costs about US$ 100. mChip was developed so that people in regions with poor health facilities can access portable diagnosis for HIV/AIDS rather than travelling long distances to go to clinics for diagnosis.

## Background

Lateral flow test is one of the blood testing methods used, in which a blood sample or oral fluid is placed on a strip of paper. In this method, a colored band indicates infection.
People in lesser developed regions like the Sub-Saharan Africa are adversely affected by HIV/AIDS and have very limited access to clinical labs or hospitals. There have been estimates which have indicated that there are about 22.5 million people with HIV/AIDS in such regions and hence there is a high demand for portable blood test devices. Hence devices like mChip will be able to diagnose HIV/AIDS in such regions

## Development

mChip was developed by scientists at Columbia University in New York City. Initial testing of this device was undertaken in a village in Rwanda, where, according to the World Health Organization, approximately 3 percent of the population has HIV/AIDS. Of the 400 volunteers who turned up for testing, 399 were correctly diagnosed with an accuracy of nearly 100 percent. mChip was also tested for its effectiveness in diagnosing syphilis, where, out of the 67 volunteers who turned up for testing, 63 were correctly diagnosed with an accuracy of nearly 94 percent. The appearance of mChip resembles a credit card. and is estimated to cost just US$ 1.

## Operation

The operation of mChip is similar to that of ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The ELISA can be performed to evaluate either the presence of antigen or the presence of antibody in a sample. It is a useful tool for determining serum antibody concentrations such as with the HIV test. The mChip contains 10 zones which detect the passage of a small amount (about 1μl) of blood. The results can be obtained in a color-coded format in about 15 minutes.
# Jawa 660

The Jawa 660 was a motorcycle, produced by Jawa Moto in the Czech Republic in 2011–2018. The predecessor was the Jawa 650. The motorcycle is made in three versions: the Jawa 660 Sportard, Adenium and Vintage. The Adenium is slightly altered Sportard, main changes include in: 19" front wheel, crash bar, higher front plexiglass, main stand, rear diode light and side trunk carriers. The Vintage is a retro version, produced since 2017 in the design of Jawa 350/634. Since 2014, it was imported through the F2 Motorcycles dealer also to the UK.

## Specifications

* Motor: Minarelli SOHC, water-cooled four-stroke single-cylinder with EFI injection ( same as Yamaha XT660Z Teneré )
* Displacement: 660 cm3
* Power: 36 kW @ 6000 ot./min
* Max. torque: 58 Nm @ 5500 ot./min
* Emission standards: Euro 3
* Frame: tubular steel
* Wheelbase: 1497 mm
* Transmission: five-speed
* Wheels: front 17" 120(130)/70 or 19" 100/90, and rear 17" 150(180)/70(60)
* Brakes: rear disc 220 mm, front 2x discs 305 mm
* Dry weight: 189 kg
* Tank capacity: 15 L
* Max. speed: 170 km/h
* Fuel consumption: 4.5 L/100 km
* Acceleration 0–100 km/h: 5 s
# Rose Tynan

Rose Tynan (born 20 March 1997) is a New Zealand field hockey player.

## Personal life

Rose Tynan was born and raised in Auckland, New Zealand.
She is the granddaughter of Jack Tynan, who also played field hockey and captained the Black Sticks.

## Career
### Black Sticks

Rose Tynan made her debut for the Black Sticks in 2022, during the Trans–Tasman series in Auckland. Following her debut, she was named in the squad for the FIH World Cup in Amsterdam and Terrassa, as well as the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham.

### International goals

| Goal | Date | Location | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1 | 10 May 2022 | National Hockey Centre, Auckland, New Zealand | Australia | 1–1 | 2–2 | 2022 Trans–Tasman Series |
| 2 | 2 July 2022 | Wagener Stadium, Amsterdam, Netherlands | China | 1–0 | 2–2 | 2022 FIH World Cup |
| 3 | 29 July 2022 | University of Birmingham Hockey Centre, Birmingham, England | Kenya | 11–0 | 16–0 | XXII Commonwealth Games |
| 4 | 30 July 2022 | University of Birmingham Hockey Centre, Birmingham, England | Scotland | 1–0 | 1–0 | XXII Commonwealth Games |
| 5 | 19 January 2024 | Jaipal Singh Stadium, Ranchi, India | Italy | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2024 FIH Olympic Qualifiers |
| 6 | 14 April 2024 | National Hockey Centre, Auckland, New Zealand | Japan | 2–1 | 2–1 | Test Match |
| 7 | 8 June 2024 | Estadi Martí Colomer, Terrassa, Spain | Ireland | 1–0 | 1–2 | 2023–24 FIH Nations Cup |
| 8 | 9 June 2024 | Estadi Martí Colomer, Terrassa, Spain | Chile | 1–2 | 1–2 | 2023–24 FIH Nations Cup |
# Edwin Kerby

Edwin Thomas John Kerby (12 April 1885 – 5 July 1971) was an Australian politician.

## Early life

Born in Ballarat, Victoria, he attended Grenville College before becoming a mining engineer and electrical contractor.

## Military service

He served in World War I from 1914 to 1919. During his service he was awarded the 1914-15 Star, British War Medal, and the Victory Medal.

## Politician

In 1919, he was selected as the Nationalist candidate for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Ballaarat, and defeated sitting Labor MP Charles McGrath by one vote, the closest result ever recorded for the House of Representatives. McGrath successfully challenged Kerby's election in the courts, and a by-election was held in 1920 and won by McGrath. Kerby became a businessman, focusing mainly on aviation, and became prominent among ex-servicemen's causes; he held the leadership of the RSL. He died in 1971.

## Amateur radio

Throughout his adult life Kerby maintained an interest in amateur radio and held the callsigns VK7EK while resident at Ringarooma, Tasmania (1932 to 1939) and VK3KK while living in Auburn, Melbourne, Victoria (1946 to 1969).
# Apache Peak

Apache Peak is a 13,441-foot (4,097 m) mountain summit on the boundary shared by Boulder County and Grand County, in Colorado, United States.

## Description

Apache Peak is set on the Continental Divide in the Front Range which is a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. The mountain is located 21 miles (34 km) west of Boulder in the Indian Peaks Wilderness, on land managed by Arapaho National Forest and Roosevelt National Forest. It is the second-highest summit in the wilderness and third-highest in Grand County. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's east slope drains into headwaters of South St. Vrain Creek, whereas the west slope drains to Monarch Lake thence Lake Granby via Cascade and Arapaho creeks. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 2,840 feet (866 m) above Wheeler Basin in one mile (1.6 km) and 2,460 feet (750 m) above Triangle Lake in one-half mile. An ascent of the peak involves hiking 12.5 miles (20.1 km) (round trip) with 3,400 feet (1,036 m) of elevation gain. The mountain was named by Ellsworth Bethel, and the toponym was officially adopted in 1914 by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, the mountain is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring. This climate supports the Fair Glacier in the peak's northwest cirque and the Isabelle Glacier on the northeast slope.

## Climbing

Established climbing routes on Apache Peak:
* East slope – class 3
* Apache Couloir – class 3
* East Ledges – class 3
* Fair Glacier – class 3
* South Ridge – class 3
* Queens Way – class 2

## Gallery

* West aspect of Apache Peak (left) Navajo Peak centered, Arikaree Peak (right).
* East aspect of Navajo Peak (left, pyramid shape), Apache Peak (center), and Shoshoni Peak (right). Lake Isabelle to left.
* East aspect
* Apache Peak (center) from Lake Isabelle
* Apache Peak / Navajo Peak viewed from the southwest at Lake Dorothy.
* Navajo Peak, Apache Peak, and Shoshoni Peak reflected in Lake Isabelle
# Manuela Soccol

Manuela Soccol (born 16 June 1988) is a Belgian marathon runner. She placed 74th at the 2016 Olympics.
# Gérald Cottier

Gérald Cottier (22 May 1931 – 20 August 1979) was a Swiss basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Czech Dream

50°07′48″N 14°31′05″E﻿ / ﻿50.130°N 014.518°E﻿ / 50.130; 014.518
Czech Dream (Czech: Český sen) is a 2004 documentary film directed by two Czech film directors, Vít Klusák and Filip Remunda. It recorded a large-scale hoax perpetrated by Klusák and Remunda on the Czech public, culminating in the opening event of a fake hypermarket in the Letňany neighborhood of Prague. The film was their graduation project for film school.

## Concept

Remunda and Klusák invented the Český sen ("Czech dream") hypermarket and created a massive advertising campaign around it. Posing as businessmen, the two film students managed to persuade an ad agency and a public relations agency to create a campaign for them. Billboards appeared on Czech highways, and 200,000 pamphlets were distributed in Prague. A jingle was recorded, and there was a series of television commercials. The advertising campaign slogans were "don't come" and "don't spend", etc.
Still, the filmmakers succeeded in attracting more than 3000 shoppers to an empty plain for their "grand opening" on 31 May 2003. What looked like a huge building from a distance was actually only a canvas facade backed by scaffolding.
When the "customers" finally realized that they had been deceived, they reacted in different ways. Some understood the filmmakers' message, some tried to take it optimistically ("At least we had some fresh air"), but most were angry, and many decided to blame the government. Still, there was no violence against the authors.

## Prizes

The film won prizes at festivals in Kraków, Jihlava, Ljubljana, Århus, and Plzeň.
# Louis XIV (board game)

Louis XIV is a 2005 designer board game by Rüdiger Dorn. Players take on roles of members of the court of Louis XIV of France. The game won the 2005 Deutscher Spiele Preis.
# Powel J. Smith

Powel J. Smith (November 10, 1874 – August 10, 1942) was an American businessman and politician from Glens Falls, New York.

## Life

Smith was born on November 10, 1874, in Glens Falls, New York, the son of school teacher John Smith and Lucinda Ross of Bolton Landing.
Smith attended the village schools and graduated from Albany Business College in 1891. He returned to Glens Falls and worked for the Delaware and Hudson Railway as a bookkeeper, later joining the Hudson Valley Railway as a paymaster and auditor. He then became paymaster for the construction of the Elmira, Corning and Waverly Railway. He returned to Glens Falls in 1900 and became a partner with John Lavery Jr. in a grocery store. He became a successful businessman and was associated with, among other businesses the Empire Automobile Company, Comac Sales, Inc., the Hall Ice Cream Company, Glens Falls Pharmacal Company, John Liddle, Inc., and Redwood Stores, Inc.
Smith was a councilman of the third ward for two years. In 1926, he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Democrat, representing Warren County. He was elected over Republican incumbent Richard J. Bolton. He served in the Assembly in 1927. A dry Democrat, he was the sole Democrat to vote against a resolution that called for Congress to stop the poisoning of industrial alcohol. He was the first Democrat to represent Warren County in the Assembly for thirty years. He lost the 1927 re-election to Republican Paul L. Boyce. He ran again for the Assembly in 1929, but again lost the election to Boyce.
Smith was president of the Board of Education of Union Free School District No. 1. In 1931, Mayor Earle H. Stickney appointed him to the Board of Water Commissioners. He was reappointed to the Board in 1935 by Mayor W. Irving Griffin. He served as a director and president of the Glens Falls Hospital for several years, and at one point was on the City Planning Commission. In 1939, he became City Chamberlain, an office he held until his death.
Smith was a member of the First Baptist Church of Glens Falls and served as chairman of its board of trustees for many years. He was also chairman of the board of trustees of the YMCA and a member of the Freemasons, the Elks, and the Rotary Club.
Smith died from a heart attack while on his way home from City Hall on August 10, 1942. Rev. W. Gordon Poole of the First Baptist Church and retired pastor Rev. Dr. P. H. McDowell officiated his funeral service at his home. The active and honorary pallbearers included city and county officials. He was buried in the family plot in Glens Falls Cemetery.
# Samantha Lucie-Smith

Samantha Lucie-Smith (born 26 July 1992) is a New Zealand swimmer. She competed in the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Jerry Marion

Jerry Richard Louis Marion (born August 7, 1944) is an American former professional football end who played one season with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Steelers in the tenth round of the 1966 NFL draft after playing college football at the University of Wyoming.

## Early life and college

Jerry Richard Louis Marion was born on August 7, 1944, in Bakersfield, California. He attended Bakersfield High School in Bakersfield.
He was a member of the Wyoming Cowboys from 1963 to 1966 and a three-year letterman from 1964 to 1966.

## Professional career

Marion was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the tenth round, with the 143rd overall pick, of the 1966 NFL draft and by the Boston Patriots in the 11th round, with the 92nd overall, of the 1966 AFL Redshirt draft.
He played for the Wheeling Ironmen of the Continental Football League (COFL) in 1967, catching 28 passes for 358 yards and five touchdowns while also returning eight punts for 85 yards.
Marion appeared in seven games for the Steelers during the 1967 NFL season, recording one reception for 16 yards and one punt return for two yards.
He returned to the newly-renamed Ohio Valley Ironmen in 1968, totaling 17 catches for 225 and three touchdowns, three carries for 52 yards and one touchdown, 23 punt returns for 300 yards and one touchdown, 29 kick returns for 679 yards and two touchdowns, and one defensive interception. In 1969, Marion recorded 24 receptions for 372 yards and one touchdown and five kick returns for 104 yards.
Marion played for the Indianapolis Capitols of the Atlantic Coast Football League in 1970, catching 20 passes for 464 yards and three touchdowns, returning 24 punts for 277 yards and three touchdowns, and returning 17 kicks for 456 yards.

## Personal life

Marion is the father of NFL player Brock Marion.
# Snatch theft

Snatch theft is a criminal act, common in Southeast Asia, South America, and Southern Europe, of forcefully stealing a pedestrian's personal property by employing rob-and-run tactics.

## Description

It is typical for two thieves to work together and ride a motorcycle, moped, or other type of motorbike to make theft and escape easier. One person steers the vehicle while another, the snatcher, does the act of theft itself. However, some snatch thieves work alone or do not use a vehicle to escape.

## Argentina

In Argentina this form of robbery increased by 118% between the years 2008 and 2009, possibly because motorbikes have become a lot cheaper and more accessible to the public. In that country, the perpetrators are called motochorros, a neologism from the words moto (motorcycle) and chorro (a vulgar term for "thief").

## Indonesia

In Indonesia, snatchers who usually operate while riding motorcycles are locally known as jambret.

## Malaysia

A growing problem in Malaysia, some instances of snatch theft have caused fatalities, when the person holding onto the handbag has been dragged by the motorbike, or through subsequent acts of violence. This, combined with the apparent lack of police control over crime, has prompted outrage among its citizens enough to take justice into their own hands in apprehending thieves.

## Philippines

In the Philippines, a crime including snatch theft that is committed by two persons or more is called "riding in tandem". The term normally applies to two men riding on a motorcycle in tandem. The phrase "riding in tandem" was suggested as a 2014 "Filipino word of the year".
In Mandaluyong, an ordinance was passed to counter the crimes committed by persons riding in tandem. For easy identification, Dagupan, Cotabato City, Dumaguete and Batac have local laws prohibiting motorcycle riders from wearing helmets. In Quezon City, the local police considered a measure that would require riders of motorcycles to wear vests displaying the license plate numbers of their vehicles.
Due to the rise of riding in tandem crimes, Philippine Senator Tito Sotto proposed a bill that would allow motorcycles to be ridden only by one person, with some exceptions. According to the Philippine National Police, there were more than 3,000 cases involving crimes related to "riding in tandem".