OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Lane (athlete)

Charles Lane (19 March 1905 – 14 December 1954) was an Australian sprinter. He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
# Willis Brewer

Willis Brewer (1844–1912) was a United States representative from Alabama, holding office from 1897 to 1901. Before that, he held multiple terms of office in both the Alabama State Senate and the Alabama House of Representatives. He also held other public offices including State Auditor of Alabama and treasurer of Lowndes County, Alabama. He was trained as an attorney and practiced law in the state, was a newspaper editor in both Alabama and Florida, and wrote books about the history of Alabama.

## Early life and education

Brewer was born on March 15, 1844, near the town of Livingston in Sumter County, Alabama, to Robert Willis and Jane (Hadden) Brewer.
He attended the common schools and, at the age of fourteen, entered a local printing business. At seventeen, he and a schoolmate, William R. DeLoach, who later became Judge of the probate court in Sumter County, established a newspaper in Milton, Florida.

## Military career

During the latter part of the U.S. Civil War, while still engaged in the newspaper business in Florida, Brewer entered the Confederate States Army. Because of health issues, he was unable to serve in the fighting, but served post duty and during the latter part of the war was a staffmember for Brigadier General Wirt Adams.
After the war, Brewer studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1870. He then began a practice in Hayneville, Alabama.

## Public service

Brewer was appointed Treasurer of Lowndes County, Alabama, in 1871 by Governor Robert B. Lindsay. He was elected as State Auditor of Alabama, where he served from 1876 to 1880. He served as member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1880 to 1882 and again from 1890 to 1894. He served in the Alabama State Senate from 1882 to 1890 and again from 1894 to 1897.
Brewer was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1897, to March 3, 1901). In April 1898, Brewer was among the six representatives who voted against declaring war on Spain. After an unsuccessful bid for renomination in 1900, he resumed the practice of law and continued his work as an author.
Brewer died in Montgomery, Alabama, on October 30, 1912, and was interred in the family mausoleum on Cedars Plantation near Montgomery.
# Irena's Vow (film)

Irena's Vow is a 2023 Canadian-Polish war drama film, directed by Louise Archambault. Written by Dan Gordon who also wrote the Broadway play Irena's Vow, the film stars Sophie Nélisse as Irena Gut Opdyke, a Polish nurse who helped to shelter and protect Jewish people during the Holocaust by hiding them in the cellar of the home where she was employed as a housekeeper by Nazi German officer Eduard Rügemer (Dougray Scott). The cast also includes Andrzej Seweryn, Eliza Rycembel, Maciej Nawrocki, Aleksandar Milicevic, Tomasz Tyndyk and Nela Maciejewska.
The film was shot in 2022 in Warsaw and Lublin, Poland. It premiered in the Centrepiece program at the 2023 Toronto International Film Festival in September. The film was released in Canada on April 19, 2024.

## Cast

* Sophie Nélisse as Irena Gut Opdyke
* Dougray Scott as Rugmer
* Andrzej Seweryn as Schultz
* Maciej Nawrocki as Rokita
* Sharon Azrieli as Helen
* Aleksandar Milicevic as Lazar
* Eliza Rycembel as Ida
* Agata Turkot as Clara
* Filip Kosior as Thomas
* Krzysztof Szczepaniak as Moise
* Irena Melcer as Zosia
* Eryk Kulm as Abram Klinger
* Zuzanna Pulawska as Fanka
* Tomasz Tyndyk as Henry

## Reception
### Critical response

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 84% of 32 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.2/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 77 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.
Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com gave the film three out of four stars and wrote, "Sophie Nélisse brings powerful subtlety to the title role in Irena's Vow, accomplishing so much with her eyes, her presence, her ability to shift demeanor and tone quickly depending on the situation."

### Awards and nominations

2023 Winner: Audience Award, Vancouver International Film Festival
2023 Winner: LIUNA People's Choice Award, Windsor International Film Festival
2023 Nominee: WIFF Prize in Canadian Film, Windsor International Film Festival
# 15th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)

The 15th Infantry Division (Russian: 15-я пехо́тная диви́зия, 15-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from the early 19th century until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. The division was based in Odessa in the years leading up to 1914. It fought in World War I and was demobilized in 1918.

## Organization

The 15th Infantry Division was part of the 8th Army Corps. Its order of battle in 1914 was as follows:
* 1st Brigade (HQ Mykolaiv)
** 57th Modlin Infantry Regiment
** 58th Prague Infantry Regiment
* 2nd Brigade (HQ Odessa)
** 59th Lublin Infantry Regiment
** 60th Zamosc Infantry Regiment
* 15th Artillery Brigade

## Commanders (Division Chiefs)

* 1840-1851: Peter Andreivich Dannenberg
* 1854-1856: Nikolai Engelhardt
* 1896-1900: Vladimir Nikolayevich Filipov
* 1905: Nikolai Martinovich Ivanov
* 1909: Dmitry Nikolaevich Bezradetsky
* 1915-1917: Pyotr Lomnovsky

## Chiefs of Staff

* 1860-1863: Johan Ehrnrooth
* 1885-1889: Dejan Subotić
* 1903-1905: Maciej Sulkiewicz
* 1909: Alexander Pavlovich Khanukov
* January-April 1917: Mikhail Drozdovsky
* April 1917-March 1918: Evgeny Messner

## Commanders of the 1st Brigade

* 1905: Sergei Petrovich Nekrasov
* 1909: Stanislav Abakanovich

## Commanders of the 2nd Brigade

* 1905: Mikhail Golembatovsky
* 1909: Polikarp Kuznetsov
# Valeriy Igoshev

Valeriy Victorovich Igoshev (born March 4, 1956, Moscow, Russia; Russian: Игошев, Валерий Викторович) is a Russian scientist. He is a lead researcher in the Department of Manuscripts of the State Research Institute of the Art Restorations in Moscow. His expertise is in attributing ancient liturgical books and Russian metal art from the 14th to 20th centuries.

## Biography

In 1990, Valeriy Igoshev graduated from the Russian school for industrial, monumental, and decorative art and design, the Stroganov Moscow State University of Arts and Industry, as a specialist in Metal Art.
He earned his PhD in 1994 from MVHPU S.G. Stroganov, specialty: state code 17.00.05 - arts, crafts, and architecture, and became Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) in 2008: MGHPU S.G. Stroganov (specialty: state code 17.00.04 - fine, decorative and applied arts and architecture). Since 1978, he has been a researcher at the State Research Institute of Art Restorations.
Igoshev has taught and participated in the creation of training programs for art restorers in several educational institutions:
* Suzdal Art Restorations School (1982);
* Moscow State Art and Industry University, S.G. Stroganov (2002–2008),
* Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (2003–2006).
* Courses on the art of jewelry in the Research University School of Economics (2010–2014).

## Scientific activity

Valeriy Igoshev's research areas are the restoration and reconstruction of ancient art, historical objects, icons, church utensils, and temple decorations. He has participated in various research projects and scientific expeditions:
* "Metal Art of the 16th and 17th centuries. Novgorod the Great "(1998–2008);
* "Russian Icons on Sinai" (2004–2011);
* "Antiquities of the Old Believers" (2004–2005);
* "Russian church utensils and works of art in Greece" (2010–2012);
* "Icons of the Russian Modern" (2014–2015).
Igoshev has written over 200 articles about precious collections and participant in the collective monographs and catalogues.
# Field hockey at the 1955 Mediterranean Games

Field hockey was one of several sports at the 1955 Mediterranean Games. The second Mediterranean Games was held in Barcelona, Spain. Only men's teams participated in the field hockey tournament.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's Competition | Spain | Egypt | France |

## Group matches

| | Team | Points | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | Diff |
| 1. | Spain | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | +8 |
| 2. | Egypt | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | –1 |
| 3. | France | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | –1 |
| 4. | Italy | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 6 | –6 |
* July 17, 1955
| Egypt | 1 – 1 | France |
| Spain | 5 – 0 | Italy |
* July 18, 1955
| France | 0 – 0 | Italy |
| Spain | 2 – 0 | Egypt |
* July 19, 1955
| Egypt | 1 – 0 | Italy |
| Spain | 2 – 1 | France |

## Standings

| Rank | Team |
| | Spain |
| | Egypt |
| | France |
| 4 | Italy |
# Water polo at the 1951 Mediterranean Games

The water polo event at the 1951 Mediterranean Games was held in Alexandria, Greece. Water polo was one of the thirteen sports during the inaugural Games. Only men's teams participated in the water polo tournament.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's Competition | Spain | Egypt | Greece |

## Group matches

| | Team | Points | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | Diff |
| 1. | Spain | 7 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 6 | +15 |
| 2. | Egypt | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 8 | +7 |
| 3. | Greece | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 28 | –22 |
* October 14, 1951
| Egypt | 2 – 4 | Spain |
* October 15, 1951
| Greece | 2 – 6 | Egypt |
* October 16, 1951
| Spain | 10 – 3 | Greece |
* October 17, 1951
| Egypt | 6 – 1 | Greece |
* October 18, 1951
| Greece | 0 – 6 | Spain |
* October 19, 1951
| Spain | 1 – 1 | Egypt |

## Standings

* Team
* Spain
* Egypt
* Greece
# Claude-Étienne Minié

Claude-Etienne Minié (13 February 1804 – 14 December 1879) was a French military instructor and inventor famous for solving the problem of designing a reliable muzzle-loading rifle by inventing the Minié ball in 1846, and the Minié rifle in 1849. He succeeded the pioneering work of Henri-Gustave Delvigne and Louis-Étienne de Thouvenin.
Minié served in a number of African campaigns with the Chasseurs, after which he was eventually promoted to captain. In 1846 he designed the Minié ball, a cylindrical bullet with a conical hollow in the base which expanded when fired. This projectile, combined with his rifle, resulted in a major improvement in firearm accuracy.
The French government rewarded Minié with some 20,000 francs and installed him as a member of the staff at the Vincennes military school. In 1858 he retired from the French Army with the rank of colonel and later served as a military instructor for the khedive of Egypt and as a manager at the Remington Arms Company in the United States. His rifling technology proved critical to the increase in firearms accuracy seen during the American Civil War.
# James Braid (politician)

James Braid OBE (1 April 1912 – 26 May 1999), sometimes known as Jimmy Braid or Jas Braid, was a Scottish nationalist politician.
Born at Newark, St Monans, Braid studied at the Waid Academy in Anstruther before becoming a painter and decorator. He joined the Scottish National Party (SNP) and was elected to St Monans Burgh Council before World War II. During the war, he served as a pilot with the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command, receiving the Distinguished Flying Cross, then, on his return, began working for the local electricity board.
First elected provost of St Monans in the 1950s, Braid filled the post on multiple occasions, and was also successful in winning election to North East Fife District Council and Fife County Council. He came to greater attention with a lively speech at the SNP conference in 1964, Following this, he worked with James C. Lees and Ian Macdonald to set up new branches of the party, and in 1966 was elected as a vice-chairman of the party, with responsibility for publicity.
He also stood for the SNP in East Fife at the 1964, 1966, 1970, February and October 1974 general elections, gradually increasing his share of the vote from 6.8% to 31.8%, although he was never elected.
Braid once parked his car on the pier at St Monans, then, on returning, accidentally reversed it into the harbour. He emerged unharmed.
In 1975, Braid was awarded the freedom of the burgh of St Monans. He remained a member of the SNP up until he died but continued to sit as an independent councillor, winning his final election early in 1999, and by his death was the longest-serving councillor in Scotland.
# Separate Saga of St. Olaf

The Separate (or Independent) Saga of St. Olaf (Óláfs sögu ins Helga inni sérstöku) is one of the kings' sagas. It was written about King Olaf II of Norway (Olaf Haraldsson), later Saint Olaf (Olav den Hellige), patron saint of Norway.

## History

It was written in c. 1225 by Snorri Sturluson, who made use of the saga by the priest Styrmir Kárason, now largely lost except for some fragments in Flateyjarbók. A revised version of the Separate Saga was later incorporated into the Heimskringla (c. 1230), often ascribed to Snorri Sturluson.
Like many other kings' sagas, the work cites skaldic poems for historical verification or literary embroidery. The work is also valuable for being preceded by two prologues. The principal witness of the text is MS nr. 2 4° in the National Library of Sweden (Kungliga biblioteket), Stockholm.
In the longer prologue, Snorri Sturluson expounds on the historical value of skaldic poetry:
    En þó þykki mér þat merkiligast til sannenda, er berum orðum er sagt í kvæðum eða öðrum kveðskap, þeim er svá var ort um konunga eða aðra höfðingja, at þeir sjálfir heyrðu, eða í erfikvæðum þeim, er skáldin fœrðu sonum þeira. Þau orð, er í kveðskap standa, eru in sömu sem í fyrstu váru, ef rétt er kveðit, þótt at hverr maðr hafi síðan numit af öðrum, ok má þvi ekki breyta.
    "And yet I find that most important for veracity, which is said straightforwardly in poems or other poetry that was composed about kings or other chieftains so that they themselves heard it, or in those commemorative poems which the skalds brought to their sons. Those words which stand in poetry are the same as they were in the beginning, if the recitation is correct, although each person has since learned it from another and for that reason nothing can be distorted."

## Editions

* Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ed.). Heimskringla. 3 vols.: vol. 2. Íslenzk fornrit 26–8. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1941–51. Appendix: Ór Óláfs sögu ins Helga inni Sérstöku. Critical edition.
* Johnsen, Oscar Albert and Jón Helgason (eds.). Saga Óláfs konungs hins helga. Den store saga om Olav den hellige, eftir Pergamenthåndskrift i Kungliga Biblioteket i Stockholm nr. 2 4to med varianter fra andre håndskrifter. 2 vols. Oslo: Jacob Dybwad, 1930–33. Diplomatic edition of the text found in MS Stockholm nr. 2 4to.
* Munch and Unger, Saga Olafs konungs ens Helga. Christiania, 1853.
# Michael Breed

Michael S. Breed (born May 14, 1962, in Greenwich, Connecticut) is a professional golf instructor and a television host. In 2011, he was voted one of the Top 50 Instructors in America by Golf Digest. In 2012, Breed was chosen as the PGA's National Teacher of the Year. Prior to his time as a television host, Breed was the Head Golf Professional at Sunningdale Golf Club for 12 years from 2001–2012, and the Head Golf Professional at Birchwood Country Club, as well as the Assistant Professional at Deepdale Golf Club and Augusta National Golf Club. He has served on different boards for the Metropolitan PGA for over 10 years and has represented the PGA of America at the National Golf Day in Washington D.C. since 2012. He is involved in various charities, such as The First Tee; Folds of Honor; Hope for the Warriors; Wounded Warriors Foundation, and Salute Military Golf Association.
In 2008, Breed became the host for The Golf Fix on Golf Channel, an instructional television show.
Breed's first book (co-authored by Greg Midland), Picture Perfect Golf Swing: The Complete Guide to Golf Swing Video Analysis, was released by Simon & Schuster/Atria Books on May 13, 2008. He also hosted a radio show called Tee Time. Breed also contributed to writing No More Slice for Dummies. In September 2011, his second instructional book The 3-Degree Putting Solution was released by the Penguin Group. In 2014, he released the video series "Effect to Cause".

## Other career highlights

* 2012 PGA National Teacher of the Year
* 2009 Metropolitan PGA Teacher of the Year
* 2006 and 2007 Metropolitan PGA Horton Smith Award Winner
* Randolph-Macon College Hall of Fame Class of 2004
* 2000 Metropolitan PGA Teacher of the Year
* Played in the 1994 Greater Hartford Open on the PGA Tour
* Played a number of events on the Ben Hogan Tour (same as Korn Ferry Tour) in 1991
* Graduated from Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia in 1985

## Tour pros

Breed has worked with many tour pros over the years on the PGA Tour, Web.com Tour, LPGA Tour and mini tours. Players include: Shaun Micheel, James Vargas, John Kimbell, Meaghan Francella, Jay Williamson, Chris Smith, Kyle Reifers, Chris Parra, Scott Sterling, J.J. Henry, Joe Ogilvie, Bubba Dickerson, Doug Labelle, David Branshaw, Kyle Thompson, Jeff Gove, Tom Byrum, Ron Whittaker, Darron Stiles, Curt Byrum, and Kevin Johnson.
# Redner's Markets

Redner's Markets, Inc. is a privately held, American supermarket chain headquartered in Reading, Pennsylvania. Redner's is an employee-owned company that is wholly owned by present and past employees and members of the Redner family. In 2012, 48% was owned by Redner's employees and 52% by the Redner family. Redner's operates stores throughout Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. The chain has a distribution warehouse located in Maidencreek Township, Pennsylvania.

## History

Redner's Markets was founded in March 1970, by Mary (1918–2007) and Earl Redner (1926–2017). They opened two supermarkets in Reading, PA.
In 1975, the company formed an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), making them the first supermarket in Pennsylvania to be employee owned.
In March 1987 the company opened its first Warehouse Market location. All its supermarkets were converted to the warehouse style by November 1987.
In October 1990, Earl Redner retired and Richard and Gary W. Redner took over management of the company. Mary Redner died in 2007. Gary W. Redner was murdered in 2008 in a still unsolved homicide. Earl Redner died in 2017.
The company is currently managed by Richard along with third generation Ryan Redner and Gary M. Redner.
In 2020, Redner's Warehouse Markets celebrated their 50th anniversary.

## Divisions

Redner's operations are organized into three divisions: Redner's Warehouse Market, Redner's Fresh Market and Redner's Quick Shoppe. The total number of Redner's locations is 64.

### Redner's Warehouse Market

Redner's Warehouse Markets, also known as Redner's, are warehouse-style markets without the need of a store club membership fee. Most locations range from 40,000 and 59,000 square feet (3,700 and 5,500 square meters) in store size. These stores stock general merchandise and a full-service supermarket, selling products such as meat and poultry, baked goods, delicatessen, frozen foods, dairy products, garden produce, and fresh seafood. As of May 20, 2021, there were 42 Redner's Warehouse Market locations in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland.

### Redner's Fresh Market

Redner's Fresh Markets are more conventional supermarkets and are slightly smaller than the size of a Redner's Warehouse Market. These stores offer beer & wine café, full-service food and grocery, and beauty aids/non-foods. As of May 20, 2021, there were 3 Redner's Fresh Markets. The first location opened in the fall of 2019 in Reading, with two more locations (one in Audubon and one in Bel Air, Maryland) opening soon after. There were originally expansion plans to bring the Redner's Fresh Market store concept to a larger amount of existing stores, but these plans were scrapped due to the cost of store upgrades and national labor shortages.

### Redner's Quick Shoppe

Redner's Quick Shoppe is a combined gas station and convenience store. Some Redner's Quick Shoppe locations offer Automatic Car Washes and Diesel. As of May 20, 2021, there were 20 Redner's Quick Shoppes.
# Unsolved Mysteries season 17

The seventeenth season of Unsolved Mysteries, billed as Volume 4 and Volume 5, is part of a reboot revival of the long-running American television series, created by John Cosgrove and Terry Dunn Meurer. Volume 4 premiered on Netflix July 31, 2024. It consists of 5 episodes.
Like the previous seasons released by Netflix, there is no host or narrator. However, an image of longtime host Robert Stack is shown in the title sequence of each episode. A fifth volume, consisting of an additional four episodes, was announced on July 31, 2024 and premiered October 2, 2024.

## Background

In February 2024, it was announced that a fourth volume would begin streaming in 2024. It was later confirmed in June that the fourth volume would begin streaming in July 2024. In an interview for the new season, show creator Terry Dunn Meurer stated that they didn't want to focus solely on true crime, but also the paranormal. The new season features what is dubbed a "a classic throwback episode" entitled "The Mothman Revisited". The show originally documented the case in 2002.

## Episodes

| No. overall | No. in season | Mystery | Directed by | Original air date |
| Volume 4 |||||
| 603 | 1 | Who Was Jack the Ripper? | Robert M. Wise | July 31, 2024 (2024-07-31) |
| A fresh look at 19th-century London serial killer Jack the Ripper. |||||
| 604 | 2 | Body in the Basement | Gabe Torres | July 31, 2024 (2024-07-31) |
| On Oct. 26, 2015, Calgary resident Lee Antoni returned home after spending a weekend with his mother in Saskatchewan. His wife Amanda had been too ill to join him on the trip. Lee returned home and found his wife Amanda's body lying dead on the basement floor. The death was ruled accidental but suspicion still lingers. |||||
| 605 | 3 | The Severed Head | Skye Borgman | July 31, 2024 (2024-07-31) |
| An unidentified severed head is found in Economy, Pennsylvania. |||||
| 606 | 4 | Murder, Center Stage | Robert M. Wise | July 31, 2024 (2024-07-31) |
| The 1977 unsolved murder of 25-year-old graduate student Sigrid Stevenson is detailed. Stevenson was found dead on the stage of Kendall Hall's theater at Trenton State College. |||||
| 607 | 5 | The Mothman Revisited | Gabe Torres | July 31, 2024 (2024-07-31) |
| People share tales of their encounters with the creature known as Mothman. |||||
| Volume 5 |||||
| 608 | 6 | Park Bench Murders | Skye Borgman | October 2, 2024 (2024-10-02) |
| Two friends are found shot dead in a park in the Cleveland Metroparks' Rocky River Reservation. |||||
| 609 | 7 | My Paranormal Partner | Robert M. Wise | October 2, 2024 (2024-10-02) |
| Paranormal researcher Don Philips is profiled. |||||
| 610 | 8 | Mysterious Mutilations | Robert M. Wise | October 2, 2024 (2024-10-02) |
| The strange phenomenon of mutilated cattle is detailed. In each instance, there were no footprints, no indication that the cattle had been attacked by another animal, and no blood. |||||
| 611 | 9 | The Roswell UFO Incident | Gabe Torres | October 2, 2024 (2024-10-02) |
| New information comes to light on the Roswell incident. |||||
# 1595 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1595 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Christian IV.

## Events

* The first pharmacy in Norway opened (Svaneapoteket in Bergen).

## Deaths

* 30 November - Hans Mogenssøn, bishop (born c.1525)