OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chang Xiangyu

Chang Xiangyu (Chinese: 常香玉; pinyin: cháng xiāng yù) was a Chinese opera actress who performed renditions of the story of Hua Mulan across China in support of the Korean War and who appeared in a 1956 screen adaption.

## Biography

Chang was born in 1923 into a poor farming family in Gongxian County, Henan. From an early age she was taught how to sing and perform Yu opera by her father Zhang Fuxian who feared she may become a child bride. At aged thirteen she appeared in a performance of the Chinese classic Romance of the Western Chamber (西廂記) were afterwards she was given the title Queen of Yuju Opera. In 1944 she married a school headmaster, Chang Xianzhang who retired to help Chang in her career and to establish a school teaching Yu opera. The school which was called the Xiang Yu Opera Troupe opened in 1948 in the capital of Shaanxi Xi'an.
On the outbreak of the Korean War, Chang took part in live action performances of Mulan across China to raise funds for a military plane. Along with other opera troops she eventually raised 1.52 billion yuan, enough for one plane. By 1956 the Chinese Communist Party had banned all American films from being imported into China and nationalized the country's film studios so as to produce films with pro-party messages. To tout their gender egalitarian policies, a film about Mulan was made with Chang cast in the lead role.
Later Chang got into politics and was elected to the National People's Congress attending the first three session and then the fifth sixth and seventh. In 1995 she was awarded National Advanced Worker award for her contributions.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Ref. |
| 1965 | 人欢马叫 | Wú dà niáng (吴大娘) | |
| 1956 | Hua Mulan | Mulan | |
# Japan Challenge Tour

The Japan Challenge Tour is a series of developmental golf tournaments run by the Japan Golf Tour Organization. It has been in operation since 1985.
In 2023, the schedule featured 12 tournaments, with prize funds of mostly ¥15,000,000. This is about a tenth of the level of prize money per event on offer on the main Japan Golf Tour, with the main tour also having a longer season.
In January 2018, the tour signed a sponsor title agreement with AbemaTV, being renamed as the AbemaTV Tour for the 2018 season onwards. The agreement lasted until the end of the 2024 season.
In July 2018, it was also announced that the tour would be included into the Official World Golf Ranking starting in 2019, with the winner receiving a minimum of 4 points for a 54-hole event.
The top 20 players earn entry into the Japan Golf Tour.

## Money list winners

| Season | Winner | Prize money (¥) |
| 2024 | Taisei Yamada | 5,259,789 |
| 2023 | Tatsunori Shogenji | 11,253,106 |
| 2022 | Yujiro Ohori | 7,798,551 |
| 2020–21 | Ryo Hisatsune | 10,922,467 |
| 2019 | Yoshikazu Haku | 6,797,444 |
| 2018 | Taihei Sato | 7,256,163 |
| 2017 | Tomoharu Otsuki | 3,787,591 |
| 2016 | Yoshinobu Tsukada | 5,509,115 |
| 2015 | Yu Morimoto | 4,479,531 |
| 2014 | Shugo Imahira | 7,444,288 |
| 2013 | Kwon Ki-taek | 5,326,885 |
| 2012 | Yuki Koko | 4,607,237 |
| 2011 | Tatsunori Nukaga | 5,846,275 |
| 2010 | Dinesh Chand | 4,780,625 |
| 2009 | Chris Campbell | 6,136,154 |
| 2008 | Masamichi Uehira | 6,329,033 |
| 2007 | Michio Matsumura | 6,685,183 |
| 2006 | Takaki Ono | 7,710,069 |
| 2005 | Shoichi Ideguchi | 5,070,263 |
| 2004 | Yoshiaki Kimura | 4,199,650 |
| 2003 | Masamichi Uehira | 3,082,833 |
| 2002 | Tatsuhiko Ichihara | 4,124,935 |
| 2001 | Hur Suk-ho | 5,150,264 |
| 2000 | Masanori Kobayashi | 3,851,250 |
| 1999 | Kosaku Makisaka | 3,461,294 |
| 1998 | No information known | No information known |
| 1997 | No information known | No information known |
| 1996 | No information known | No information known |
| 1995 | No information known | No information known |
| 1994 | No information known | No information known |
| 1993 | No information known | No information known |
| 1992 | No information known | No information known |
| 1991 | No information known | No information known |
| 1990 | No information known | No information known |
| 1989 | No information known | No information known |
| 1988 | No information known | No information known |
| 1987 | No information known | No information known |
| 1986 | No information known | No information known |
| 1985 | No information known | No information known |
# Annulus (botany)

An annulus in botany is for ferns an arc or a ring of specialized cells on the sporangium. These cells are arranged in a single row, and are associated with the release or dispersal of spores. In mosses it is a ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium. In flowers it is a ring of hairs within the flower tube.

## Ferns

In leptosporangiate ferns, the annulus located on the outer rim of the sporangium and serves in spore dispersal. It consists typically of a ring or belt of dead water-filled cells with differentially thickened cell walls that stretches about two-thirds around each sporangium in leptosporangiate ferns. The thinner walls on the outside allow water to evaporate quickly under dry conditions. This dehiscence causes the cells to shrink and a contraction and straightening of the annulus ring, eventually rupturing the sporangial wall by ripping apart thin-walled lip cells on the opposite side of the sporangium. The annulus slowly straightens and continues to evert sometimes to the extent that the two ends of the recurved annulus almost meet. As more water evaporates, air bubbles form in the cells causing the contracted annulus to snap forward again, thus dislodging and launching the spores away from the plant. The type and position of the annulus is variable (e.g. patch, apical, oblique, or vertical) and can be used to distinguish major groups of leptosporangiate ferns.

### Spore dispersal

The spores are dispersed through a catapult-like system, flinging the spores out briefly at up to 10m/s. This is caused by the gradual build up of a high negative pressure (200-300 atmospheres) within annulus cells from water loss. As these cells lose water, they shrink, and are designed to inwardly bend on the outer face of the annulus. Nearly all the spores are carried on the free end in a cup formed by the lateral walls of the sporangium. After reaching a critical threshold cavitation occurs, releasing the tension and causing rapid cell expansion in the annulus, where the potential energy stored in the cells are converted extremely rapidly into kinetic energy, flinging the spores and closing the sporangium. The closure of the sporangium occurs in two phases, with a sharp deceleration midway through to allow the spores to be launched while the annulus is still open - similar in function to a crossbar in a catapult, this is to prevent the annulus snapping shut with the spores still contained in the sporangium.

## Mosses

In mosses, an annulus is a complete ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium, which dissolve to allow the cap to fall off and the spores to be released.

## Flowering Plants

In some species of flowering plants, a ring of hairs is found within the flower tube and may be referred to as the annulus; as part of the reproductive system, this ring of hairs is often used to differentiate similar-looking species.
# Roland Foods Corporation

American Roland Food Corporation is a food product distributor in the New York metropolitan area. It is known for its food products and condiments. It is headquartered in Manhattan's Masonic Hall.
Roland's was purchased by Vestar Capital Partners in 2013.
# Marie Tømmerbakke

Marie Tømmerbakke (born 10 January 1993) is a former Norwegian handball player, who last played for København Håndbold.
She also represented Norway in the 2011 Women's Junior European Handball Championship, placing 12th, and in the 2012 Women's Junior World Handball Championship, placing 8th.

## Achievements

* World Youth Championship:
** Silver Medalist: 2010

## Individual awards

* All-Star Goalkeeper of Grundigligaen: 2015/2016, 2016/2017
# NutRageous

NutRageous is a chocolate bar made by The Hershey Company. It consists of Reese's Peanut Butter topped with roasted peanuts and caramel covered in chocolate-flavored coating.

## Overview

Developed as a candy bar loosely based on the Reese's Peanut Butter Cup, NutRageous was first sold in 1994. NutRageous was originally called Acclaim, but this name was changed just prior to its release due to focus groups (mainly of children) responding more to the "NutRageous" branding. In 2014, "NutRageous" was rebranded as "Nut Bar" internationally and the weight of the bar was reduced from 51 g to 47 g.

## Product variation

In May 2018, Hershey's released "Reese's Outrageous"; a variation of NutRageous which substitutes Reese's Pieces for the roasted peanuts.

## Ingredients

One Nutrageous bar contains approximately 240 calories. Although Nutrageous candy bars do not contain gluten ingredients, they are not certified as gluten-free.
# Birita Ryan

Birita Ryan (born 24 November 2002) is a Faroese footballer who plays as a defender for 1. deild kvinnur club Klaksvíkar Ítróttarfelag and the Faroe Islands women's national team.

## Club career

Ryan has played for KÍ in the Faroe Islands at the UEFA Women's Champions League.

## International career

Ryan capped for the Faroe Islands at senior level during the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying.
# Martine Wolff

Martine Wolff (born 20 June 1996) is a Norwegian female handball player who plays for Sola HK.

## Achievements

* Norwegian League
** Bronze Medalist: 2020/2021, 2021/2022, 2022/2023, 2023/2024
* Norwegian Cup
** Silver: 2020, 2022/2023
# Mathilde Boniface

Mathilde Boniface (née Delobe; 20 December 1911 – 23 February 1986) was a Belgian politician and an activist in the Walloon Movement. She was a member of the Chamber of Representatives and the Walloon Regional Council from 1981 to 1985, and a founder and member of the Walloon Rally.

## Early life

Boniface was born on 20 December 1911 in Mons. She graduated from the Université libre de Bruxelles with a degree in mathematics, one of the few women at the university at the time. She also received a diploma in physiotherapy and after World War II, she began working as a physiotherapist in Bierges. She was an activist with the Communist Youth of Belgium and the Young Socialist Guards. While in Bierges, she joined the Wallonie Libre and became increasingly aware of the economic problems in Wallonia.

## Political career

Boniface was a member of the Walloon Party, which she joined in 1966, but left the party in 1968 when she helped to found the Walloon Rally (RW). She was elected as a municipal councillor of Bierges in 1971, a position she held until 1976. After the merger with Wavre, she became a municipal councillor in the new city from 1977 until her death in 1986. From 1977 to 1982, Boniface was alderman of the town. She was in charge of culture in the city during these years and created the Cultural and Artistic Circle of Wavre in December 1981. She was a delegate for the promotion of the province of Walloon Brabant. She became vice-president of the women's committee of the RW in 1973, which was chaired by Aimee Bologne-Lemaire.
In the 1981 general election, Boniface was elected as a member of the Chamber of Representatives for the constituency of Nivelles. She served from 27 November 1981 until 3 September 1985. Along with Henri Mordant [fr], who was elected in Liège, they were the only elected representatives of the RW in the Chamber. Prior to the 1981 elections, the Walloon Popular Rally (RPW) split from the party because the faction did not agree with the partnership with the Democratic Front of Francophones (FDF). As a result, she automatically sat in the Walloon Regional Council from 23 December 1981 to 3 September 1985, where she served as the group leader of the RW from 1982 to 1985. She chaired a joint group with members of the Ecolo and the Communist Party of Belgium.

## Later life

Boniface died in Ottignies on 23 February 1986. A foundation was created in her name.
# Bara Kodali

Bara Kodali is a village and a gram panchayat in the Tufanganj II CD block in the Tufanganj subdivision of the Cooch Behar district in West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Bara Kodali is located at 26°18′16″N 89°42′43″E﻿ / ﻿26.3045°N 89.7119°E﻿ / 26.3045; 89.7119.
Bara Kodali I and Bara Kodali II are gram panchayats in the Tufanganj II CD block.

### Area overview

The map alongside shows the eastern part of the district. In Tufanganj subdivision 6.97% of the population lives in the urban areas and 93.02% lives in the rural areas. In Dinhata subdivision 5.98% of the population lives in the urban areas and 94.02% in the urban areas. The district forms the flat alluvial flood plains of mighty rivers.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivisions. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Bara Kodali had a total population of 5,008. There were 2,574 (51%) males and 2,435 (49%) females. There were 535 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Bara Kodali was 3,346 (74.79% of the population over 6 years).

## Culture

Dameswar Shiv Mandir is housed in a small structure with a tin roof. The Shiva linga is worshipped as Great Mahadev. Locals believe that the Shiva linga was established here by Sukladwaj or Chilarai, (1510–1571), younger brother of Nara Narayan, of the Koch dynasty . However, there is no trace of the original temple. It is under the Cooch Behar Debuttor Sangstha.
# Herman III, Margrave of Baden

Hermann III of Baden (c. 1105 – 16 January 1160), nicknamed the Great, was Margrave of Verona and Baden.
He was the son of Hermann II of Baden and Judith von Hohenberg. He was ruler of the margraviate of Baden from 1130 until 1160.
Faithfully devoted to the Staufens, Hermann III came in conflict with his relatives from Zähringen-Swabia. In 1140 he participated in the siege of Weibtreu castle, and received the bailiwick of Selz in Alsace.
In 1151 the margravate of Verona was taken from Ottokar III of Styria and conferred on Hermann III. A deed of donation exists from 1153, that states Frederick I bought Castle Besigheim from Hermann III.
Hermann III fought in the first Italian campaign of Emperor Frederick I, and gained the title margrave of Verona.
Hermann III took part in the Second Crusade.

## Marriage and children

He married Bertha von Lothringen (d. after 1162), in 1134; she was the daughter of Simon I, Duke of Lorraine, and his wife Adelaide of Leuven. He had the following children:
* Hermann IV (d. September 13, 1190)
* Gertrud (d. before 1225) who married in 1180 Graf Albrecht von Dagsburg (d. 1211)
Secondly, he married Maria of Bohemia after 1141. She was the daughter of Duke Sobeslav I of Bohemia.
Hermann III was buried in the Augustine Monastery in Backnang.
# Francis Van den Eynde

Francis Van den Eynde (1 April 1946 – 4 March 2021) was a Belgian politician. He was heavily involved in the Flemish Movement and was part of the Vlaams Blok and Vlaams Belang. He served in the Chamber of Representatives from 1991 to 2010. He was a neopagan.
# List of ambassadors of Germany to Argentina

The following is a list of German ambassadors in Argentina. The seat of the embassy is the German Embassy in Buenos Aires.

## History

The Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany is led by Ambassador Dieter Lamlé and is located at Villanueva 1055, C1426BMC Buenos Aires. There are Honorary Consuls in Córdoba, El Calafate, Eldorado, Mendoza, Posadas, Salta, San Carlos de Bariloche, San Miguel de Tucumán, and Ushuaia.

## Heads of missions

| Name | Term Start | Term End | Notes |
| Kingdom of Prussia |||||
| Friedrich von Gülich (1820–1903) | 1857 | 1868 | |
| North German Confederation |||||
| Rudolf Friedrich Le Maistre (1835–1903) | 1868 | 1871 | Also Minister-Resident for the Republic of Uruguay |
| / / / German Empire |||||
| Rudolf Friedrich Le Maistre (1835–1903) | 1871 | 1875 | |
| Theodor von Holleben (1838–1913) | 1875 | 1885 | |
| Wolfram von Rotenhan (1845–1912) | 1885 | 1890 | |
| Friedrich Richard Krauel (1848–1918) | 1890 | 1894 | |
| Karl August von der Goltz | 1894 | 1896 | |
| Friedrich von Mentzingen (1858–1922) | 1896 | 1899 | |
| Ernst von Treskow (1844–1915) | 1899 | 1901 | Envoy |
| Hans von Wangenheim (1859–1915) | 1901 | 1904 | |
| Julius von Waldthausen (1858–1935) | 1904 | 1910 | |
| Hilmar Freiherr von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen (* 1867; † 1939) | 1910 | 1914 | |
| Karl von Luxburg (1872–1956) | 1914 | 1917 | |
| Franz Olshausen (1872–1962) | 1920 | 1920 | Husband of Käthe Olshausen-Schönberger |
| Adolf Pauli (1860–1947) | 1920 | 1924 | |
| Carl Richard Gneist (1868–1939) | 1924 | 1928 | Envoy Extraordinary |
| Friedrich von Keller (1873–1960) | 1928 | 1933 | Chargé d'Affaires |
| Heinrich von Kaufmann-Asser (1882–1954) | 1933 | | |
| Edmund Freiherr von Thermann (1884–1951) | 1933 | 1942 | |
| Erich Otto Meynen (1890–1954) | 1942 | 1944 | |
| / Federal Republic of Germany |||||
| Hermann Terdenge (1882–1959) | 1951 | 1955 | |
| Werner Junker (1902–1990) | 1955 | 1963 | |
| Ernst-Günther Mohr (1904–1991) | 1963 | 1969 | |
| Luitpold Werz (1907–1973) | 1969 | 1972 | |
| Horst-Krafft Robert (1920–2009) | 1972 | 1975 | |
| Jörg Kastl (1922–2014) | 1975 | 1977 | |
| Joachim Jaenicke (1915–2007) | 1977 | 1980 | |
| Paul Verbeek (1925–2019) | 1980 | 1984 | |
| Hans-Werner Graf Finck von Finckenstein (1926–2012) | 1984 | 1987 | |
| Herbert Limmer (1930–2023) | 1987 | 1993 | |
| Wiegand Pabsch (1932–2023) | 1993 | 1997 | |
| Adolf von Wagner (1935–2023) | 1997 | 2000 | |
| Hans-Ulrich Spohn (b. 1938) | 2000 | 2003 | |
| Rolf Schumacher (b. 1943) | 2003 | 2008 | |
| Günter Rudolf Knieß (b. 1951) | 2008 | 2012 | |
| Bernhard Graf von Waldersee (b. 1952) | 2012 | 2017 | |
| Jürgen Christian Mertens (b. 1953) | 2017 | 2020 | |
| Ulrich A. Sante (b. 1957) | 2020 | 2023 | |
| Dieter Lamlé (b. 1960) | 2023 | Present | |
# Australian Veterinary Association

The Australian Veterinary Association (AVA) is a not-for-profit association representing more than 7000 Australian veterinarians working in private practice, government, industry, and academia. The AVA was mooted before the First World War but not founded until 1921. The nineteenth century predecessor organisation was the Australasian Veterinary Medical Association.
Prominent veterinarians who have been members of the Australian Veterinary Association include Professor J.D. Stewart (who was the first AVA President), Ian Clunies Ross (former head of the CSIRO), and parasitologist Hugh Gordon.
The AVA provides information resources, continuing education opportunities, publications, public education programs, and professional support. The AVA also lobbies government on a number of fronts. Special interest groups have existed within the AVA since the early 1960s. These include groups dedicated to equine medicine, cattle, practice management, avian health, sheep, conservation and animal welfare. Some of the special interest groups publish their own peer reviewed journals. The Australian Veterinary History Society is a division of the association. Recent lobbying efforts include, HECS debt relief for rural veterinarians, mental health awareness in the veterinary profession, advocating for veterinarians as essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic and research into the deadly Hendra Virus.
The AVA has published the Australian Veterinary Journal since 1925.

## Past and current presidents

* 2024 - current: Dr Sally Colgan
* 2023-2024: Dr Diana Barker
* 2023: Dr Alistair Webb (resigned August 2023)
* 2022–2023: Dr Bronwyn Orr
* 2020–2022: Dr Warwick Vale
* 2019–2020: Dr Julia Crawford
* 2017–2019: Dr Paula Parker
* 2015–2017: Dr Robert Johnson
* 2012–2014: Dr Ben Gardiner
* 2010–2012: Dr Barry Smyth
* 2008–2010: Dr Mark Lawrie
* 2007–2008: Dr Dianne Sheehan
* 2006–2007: Dr Kersti Seksel
* 2005–2006: Dr Matt Makin
* 2004–2005: Dr Norm Blackman
* 2002–2003: Dr Joanne Sillince
* 2001–2002: Dr Robert Baker
* 2000–2001: Dr Ian Denney
* 1999–2000: Dr Garth McGilvray
* 1998–1999: Dr Geoffrey Niethe
* 1997–1998: Dr Roger Clarke
* 1996–1997: Dr Bill Scanlan
* 1995–1996: Dr Pamela Scanlon
* 1994–1995: Dr Michael Banyard
* 1993–1994: Dr Jakob Malmo
* 1991–1992: Dr John Plant
* 1989–1990: Dr Ian Fairnie
* 1988–1989: Professor Mary Barton
* 1987–1988: Dr Russell Duigan
* 1986–1987: Dr Terence Collins
* 1985–1986: Dr David Lindsay
* 1983–1984: Dr Jack Arundel
* 1982–1983: Dr Helen Jones
* 1981–1982: Dr Bryan Woolcock
* 1980–1981: Dr William Pryor
* 1978–1979: Dr Ian Pearson
* 1966–1967: Dr Bruce Eastick

## Past notable board members

* Sam McMahon, an Australian politician for the Country Liberal Party and a Senator for the Northern Territory in the Parliament of Australia in 2019, served on the board from 2004-2009.
# Ladies of the Jury

Ladies of the Jury is a 1932 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Lowell Sherman and written by Marion Dix, Edward Salisbury Field and Eddie Welch based on the 1929 play of the same name by John Frederick Ballard. The film stars Edna May Oliver, Jill Esmond, Ken Murray, Roscoe Ates and Kitty Kelly. It was released on February 5, 1932 by RKO Pictures.

## Plot

Middle-aged Mrs. Livingston Baldwin Crane is selected to serve on a jury for the murder trial of French ex-showgirl Yvette Gordon, who is accused of killing her rich, much older husband. The prosecutor calls only two witnesses, a doctor and Mrs. Gordon's maid, Evelyn Snow. Snow testifies that after she found Mrs. Gordon kneeling beside the body of her husband holding the gun, her employer offered to pay her to attest that Mr. Gordon committed suicide. Mrs. Gordon claims that Snow had demanded money to tell the police that story. On the witness stand, Mrs. Gordon claims that she had gone away for a week but returned to her angry, suspicious husband who threatened her with a gun. She states that they struggled and the gun fired accidentally. During the testimony, Mrs. Crane asks several questions of the witnesses, which annoys judge Henry Fish. She discovers that Snow was recommended to Mrs. Gordon by Chauncey Gordon, Mr. Crane's nephew, sole relative and heir.
When the jury retires to consider a verdict, Mrs. Crane casts the sole not guilty vote. When asked why, she replies, "Woman's intuition." After much deliberation, the count is ten to two in favor of acquittal. During the deliberations, Mrs. Crane illegally passes a note to her maid Suzanne instructing her to hire a detective agency to investigate further.
When Mrs. Crane overhears jurors debating whether to switch their votes back to guilty, she recommends that they reenact the death scene. In the Gordon mansion, Chauncey Gordon refuses to pay Snow any more money until after Mrs. Gordon is found guilty. When they see the jury approaching, Snow hides Chauncey in a secret compartment. However, the jurors find him in the secret compartment by chance. A telegram arrives stating that the detective agency has discovered that Chauncey paid Snow $10,000. As a result, the jury find Mrs. Gordon not guilty.

## Cast

* Edna May Oliver as Mrs. Livingston Baldwin Crane
* Jill Esmond as Mrs. Yvette Gordon
* Ken Murray as Spencer B. Dazy
* Roscoe Ates as Andrew MacKaig
* Kitty Kelly as Mayme Mixter
* Cora Witherspoon as Lily Pratt
* Robert McWade as Judge Henry Fish
* Helene Millard as Miss Evelyn Elaine Snow
* Kate Price as Mrs. McGuire
* Guinn "Big Boy" Williams as Steve Bromm (uncredited)

## Reception

In a contemporary review for The New York Times, critic Mordaunt Hall praised Edna May Oliver's "most amusing performance" and stated that "she is a clever enough player to deserve even a better story. But this film has a number of really funny lines and creditable portrayals are given by those in the supporting cast."
TV Guide called the film an "innocuous courtroom drama" and noted that "Oliver is hilarious."

## Remake

The film was remade as We're on the Jury in 1937.