OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martian packet

A Martian packet is an IP packet seen on the public Internet that contains a source or destination address that is reserved for special use by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) as defined in RFC 1812, Appendix B Glossary (Martian Address Filtering). On the public Internet, such a packet either has a spoofed source address, and it cannot actually originate as claimed, or the packet cannot be delivered. The requirement to filter these packets (i.e. not forward them) is found in RFC 1812, Section 5.3.7 (Martian Address Filtering).
Martian packets commonly arise from IP address spoofing in denial-of-service attacks, but can also arise from network equipment malfunction or misconfiguration of a host.
In Linux terminology, a Martian packet is an IP packet received by the kernel on a specific interface, while routing tables indicate that the source IP is expected on another interface.
The name is derived from packet from Mars, meaning that packet seems to be not of this Earth.

## IPv4 and IPv6

In both IPv4 and IPv6, a Martian packet has a source address, a destination address, or both within one of the special-use ranges.

## Transition mechanisms
### 6to4

6to4 is an IPv6 transition technology where the IPv6 address encodes the originating IPv4 address such that every IPv4 /32 has a corresponding, unique IPv6 /48 prefix. Because 6to4 relays use the encoded value for determining the end site of the 6to4 tunnel, 6to4 addresses corresponding to IPv4 Martians are not routable and should never appear on the public Internet.

### Teredo tunneling

Teredo is another IPv6 transition technology that encodes the originating IPv4 address in the IPv6 address. However, the encoding format encodes the Teredo server address and tunnel information before the IPv4 client address. Thus there is no definable set of prefixes more specific than 2001:0::/32 for Teredo packets with Martian end-site addresses. It is, however, possible to spoof Teredo packets with the Teredo server IPv4 address set to a Martian.

## Implementation

Some of the large router have functionality to filter out specifically for Martian Filtering packet and address.
* Juniper Junos OS has martians.
* Cisco IOS does not have Martian Filtering, and uses ip access-list
* Cisco Small Business has Martian Addresses
# David Drew Zingg

David Drew Zingg (December 14, 1923 – July 28, 2000) was an American photographer and journalist. He spent nearly forty years in Brazil (mostly split between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo), becoming an important figure in the cultural life of the both cities and the bossa nova movement of the 1960s.
David Zingg was born in Montclair, New Jersey on December 14, 1923. He studied at Columbia University in New York City, majoring in history and literature, where he later gave classes in journalism. He worked in the newsroom of NBC, and volunteered in the U.S. Army Air Force in the Second World War. He was based in England. After he was grounded, he became a war correspondent in France and Germany for the Armed Services Radio.
Zingg married Elizabeth Foulk in 1950. Together, they had three sons: Peter (b. 1951), Christopher (b. 1955), and Drew (b. 1957). The couple divorced in 1968. During 1950–1952, he was the editor of the United Fruit Company house organ, Unifruitco. In New York City, Zingg was an editor, writer and reporter for Look and Life magazines. He became a free-lance photographer during that period.
Although he was based in New York, Zingg contributed text and photographs to publications including Look, Life, Esquire, Show, Town and Country, GQ, Sports Illustrated, Vogue, Interview, El Paseante, Zoom, Modern Photography, Popular Photography, The New York Times, the London Sunday Times, the Sunday Telegraph, and The Observer.
In 1959, Zingg landed in Rio de Janeiro as a crew member on the Buenos Aires-Rio Ocean Race, which he had covered for Life and Sports Illustrated.
Enamored with Brazil, Zingg began to shuttle between Rio and New York . His coverage of Brazil's development, including the construction of Brasília, appeared in various US and British publications. He was instrumental in arranging for the seminal 1962 concert of Bossa Nova at New York's Carnegie Hall.
In December 1964, Zingg came to Rio to do a photographic essay for Look Magazine. Zingg remained after the shoot.
After taking up residence in Rio, he began to photograph for Adolfo Bloch's Manchete magazine. In his Carioca phase, Zingg photographed several films of the Cinema Novo movement. In a short time, Roberto Civita invited him to become part of the team that was producing the monthly magazine, Realidade. In 1978 Zingg moved from Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo.
In the almost 40 years of his residence in Brazil, he photographed for Brazilian magazines, as well as working as a columnist for a number of them. From 1987 until his death in 2000, he worked at the Folha de S.Paulo newspaper, where he wrote a column entitled "Tio Dave" (Portuguese for "Uncle Dave").
David played a role in the "punk-big-small-pop-rock" band Joelho de Porco with his friend Tico Terpins.
David Drew Zingg died on July 28, 2000, in São Paulo, Brazil, of multiple organ failure, after complications resulting from prostate surgery.
David Zingg is survived by his three sons and five grandchildren.
# Ludwik Dorn

Ludwik Stanisław Dorn (, 5 June 1954 – 7 April 2022) was a Polish conservative politician, who served as Deputy Prime Minister and member of Sejm elected on 5 November 2007.

## Biography

Dorn was born Ludwik Dornbaum, to Polish-Jewish parents Henryk Dornbaum, a socialist activist and Alina née Kugler, a doctor. All of his father's family was murdered during the Holocaust.
In the 1960s Dornbaum family changed their name to Dorn. He was raised agnostic, but he converted to Roman Catholicism at the age of 51. Dorn graduated with a degree in sociology from Warsaw University in 1978.
From 31 October 2005 to 7 February 2007 he was Minister of Interior and Administration, resigned after conflict with the Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński. Elected a Marshal of the Sejm on 27 April 2007, with 235 votes, after Marek Jurek's resignation.
On 4 November 2011, he, along with 15 other supporters of the dismissed PiS MEP Zbigniew Ziobro, left Law and Justice on ideological grounds to form a breakaway group, United Poland.
# Bright-line brown-eye

The bright-line brown-eye (Lacanobia oleracea) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is a common species throughout Europe, but is also found in North Africa (Morocco and Algeria), temperate North Asia and Central Asia, Asia Minor, Syria, and Turkestan, northern India, China, Korea and Japan.
This species' common name is usefully descriptive: The forewings are dark reddish brown marked with a prominent light orange-brown stigma and a bright white subterminal line. The hindwings are grey, darker towards the termen. The wingspan is 34–44 mm. They are attracted to light, sugar and nectar-rich flowers.

## Technical description and variation

[Wingspan 35 to 40 mm.] Forewing red brown clouded with darker; veins grey, whitish towards termen: reniform stigma orange in its upper part, dark fuscous below; orbicular round, white edged, sometimes very small; submarginal line finely white, toothed on veins 3 and 4 to termen; hindwing dull whitish, pale fuscous towards termen; the veins dark. The ground colour varies on one side to black brown, ab. obscura Spul, and on the other to rufous, ab. rufa Tutt; ab. variegata Aust, from Morocco, is paler, reddish yellow.
The larva is green or brown dotted with white with black and yellow spiracular lines down the side with darker edging. The tubercles are black. It feeds on a wide range of plants and is occasionally a pest of cultivated tomatoes. The species overwinters as a pupa.
It is on wing from the latter half of June to July. Occasionally, there will be a second generation from the end of August to the first half of September.
It mainly colonises cultivated land such as gardens, park landscapes and fallow land where suitable forage plants grow. In addition, it can also be found in swamp forests, valley floors and floodplains.
# Thomas D'Arcy Leonard

Thomas D'Arcy Leonard (April 29, 1895 – May 25, 1977) was a Canadian Senator and corporate executive.
A lawyer by profession, Leonard was called to the bar in 1918. In the 1930s, he became solicitor for the Canada Permanent and Canada Permanent Trust as well as legal counsel for Dominion Mortgage and Investment and the Trust Companies Association of Ontario.
From 1951 to 1958, he served as president and general manager of Canada Permanent Trust and Continental Life Insurance and Triarch Corporation.
He was president of the National War Finance Committee during World War II and was also president of the Toronto Community Chest on several occasions.
Leonard was appointed to the Senate of Canada in 1955 by Louis St. Laurent. He sat in the body as a Liberal until April 29, 1970, when he voluntarily retired at the age of 75.
In the Senate, Leonard served as chairman of the Standing Committee on Finance and the Standing Committee on Transport and Communications in the mid to late 1960s.
After retiring from the Upper House he served as chairman of St. Michael's Hospital's building fund campaign.
# It Happened in March

It Happened in March (Hungarian: Márciusi mese) is a 1934 Hungarian musical comedy film directed by Emil Martonffi and starring Ida Turay, Imre Ráday and Lili Berky. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Márton Vincze.

## Cast

* Ida Turay as Matyika
* Irén Demkó as Lili
* Lili Berky as Özvegy Balogh Péterné
* Jenö Törzs as Dr. Balla Tamás
* Imre Ráday as Balla Gyözö
* Gyula Kabos as Kende bankigazgató
* Gyula Gózon as Gida Sándor
* Gusztáv Vándory as Kéri igazgató
* Ödön Bárdi as Agglegény
* István Dózsa as Dr. Steinkopf Szilárd
* Ferenc Pataki as Agglegény
* Sándor Peti as János
* Elvira Horváthy as Virágáruslány
* Lajos Gárday as Kisgazda
* Elemér Baló as Pincér
* József Kishonti as Olasz énekes
# Edmund Burnside

Edmund Burnside (13 October 1873 – 20 January 1932) was a British colonial officer who served in Ceylon and the Federated Malay States, British Malaya.

## Career

Burnside began his career in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) as Private Secretary to the Chief Justice of Ceylon, serving in the post from to 1883 to 1888.
He then left for British Malaya to join the civil service of the Federated Malay States in Perak, with his first appointmemt being assistant magistrate at Kinta. From 1888 to 1903 he held various positions in Perak including assistant Collector of Land Revenue, acting magistrate at Larut, assistant to the Secretary of the Government, acting District Treasurer, and acting District Magistrate at Matang.
In 1903, he moved to Selangor where his first appointment was as district officer in Ulu Langat. A year later he was in Kuala Lumpur as Collector of Land Revenue and Registrar of Titles, and Secretary to the Resident of Selangor. In 1911, he returned to Perak and was employed as Registrar of Titles and Superintendent of the Taiping prison, and in 1913, was appointed magistrate.
From 1913 to 1914 he was appointed acting Resident of Selangor before he returned to Perak occupying the positions of Registrar of Titles, and acting Commissioner of Trade and Customs. In 1919, he was appointed District Officer, Klang, before retiring in 1921.

## Personal life

Burnside was born in the Bahamas in 1873, and was the third son of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart Burnside, barrister, and his wife Mary Elizabeth Francis. His father was Solicitor-General of the Bahamas and was later Chief Justice of Ceylon. In 1893, he married Sherwood Caton. He died in Jersey, aged 68, in 1932.
# Jask County

Jask County (Persian: شَهرِستانِ جاسک) is in Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Jask.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Bashagard District was separated from the county in the establishment of Bashagard County. After the 2016 census, the village of Lirdaf was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 75,769 in 16,667 households. The following census in 2011 counted 52,882 people in 11,819 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 58,884 in 15,211 households.

### Administrative divisions

Jask County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Jask County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 28,807 | 34,637 | 39,224 |
| Gabrik RD | 5,161 | 5,948 | 6,561 |
| Jask RD | 6,392 | 7,810 | 8,382 |
| Kangan RD | 6,121 | 7,069 | 7,421 |
| Jask (city) | 11,133 | 13,810 | 16,860 |
| Bashagard District | 31,235 | | |
| Gafr and Parmon RD | 7,968 | | |
| Gowharan RD | 13,017 | | |
| Jakdan RD | 8,078 | | |
| Sardasht RD | 2,172 | | |
| Lirdaf District | 15,727 | 18,245 | 19,660 |
| Piveshk RD | 9,749 | 11,603 | 12,622 |
| Surak RD | 5,978 | 6,642 | 7,038 |
| Lirdaf (city) | | | |
| Total | 75,769 | 52,882 | 58,884 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Tanuma Okitsugu

Tanuma Okitsugu (田沼 意次) (September 11, 1719 – August 25, 1788) was a chamberlain (sobashū) and a senior counselor (rōjū) to the shōgun Tokugawa Ieharu of the Tokugawa Shogunate, in the Edo period of Japan. Tanuma and his son exercised tremendous power, especially in the last 14 years of shogun Ieharu's reign. He is known for the economic reforms of the Tenmei era and rampant corruption. He was also a daimyō of the Sagara Domain. Tanuma used the title Tonomo-no-kami.
Tanuma's reforms aimed to rectify the systemic problems in Japan's economy, particularly the trade imbalance between the provinces (han) and the shogunal areas (tenryō) of Japan. The previous shogun, Tokugawa Yoshimune, sought to rectify the shogunate's economic problems by frugality and a focus on agriculture. Instead, Tanuma debased currency, sold monopoly rights to dealers, and taxed merchant guilds. To stem unfavorable balances of trade and bullion outflow, he took steps to increase foreign exports and set export quotas for Akita copper mines (copper being the primary coinage metal during that period), despite higher domestic prices. Tanuma's administration granted monopoly patents for numerous products, including iron, brass, sulfur, ginseng and lamp oil. Large investments were made into the massive drainage program to increase the agricultural land.
Despite Tanuma's intentions to serve the public good, he was deeply corrupt and exacerbated corruption in government. Several years of crop failures from 1783 to 1787, resulting from drought followed by floods, led to famine and frequent riots.
In Tenmei 4 (1784), Okitsugu's son, the wakadoshiyori (junior counselor) Tanuma Okitomo [ja], was assassinated inside Edo Castle. Okitomo was killed in front of his father as both were returning to their norimono after a meeting of the Counselors of State had broken up. Okitomo was killed by Sano Masakoto, a hatamoto. The involvement of senior figures in the bakufu was suspected, but only the assassin himself was punished.
The famine led to a spike in a number of protests and peasant rebellions, culminating in the Edo riots of 1787. Traditionalist opponents of the reform interpreted it as the "voice of Heaven" being followed by the "voice of the people". With the assassination of his son and the death of his patron Tokugawa Ieharu, Tanuma fell from power. The result was that the reforms and the relaxation of the strictures of sakoku were blocked.
# 1981 in China

Events from the year 1981 in China.

## Incumbents

* Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party – Hua Guofeng / Hu Yaobang
* Chairman of the Congress – Ye Jianying (head of state)
* Premier – Zhao Ziyang
* Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference – Deng Xiaoping
* Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China – Wan Li

### Governors

* Governor of Anhui Province – Zhang Jingfu then Zhou Zijian
* Governor of Fujian Province – Ma Xingyuan
* Governor of Gansu Province – Feng Jixin then Li Dengying
* Governor of Guangdong Province – Xi Zhongxun then Liu Tianfu
* Governor of Guizhou Province – Su Gang
* Governor of Hebei Province – Li Erzhong
* Governor of Heilongjiang Province – Chen Lei
* Governor of Henan Province – Liu Jie then Dai Suli
* Governor of Hubei Province – Han Ningfu
* Governor of Hunan Province – Sun Guozhi
* Governor of Jiangsu Province – Hui Yuyu
* Governor of Jiangxi Province – Bai Dongcai
* Governor of Jilin Province – Yu Ke
* Governor of Liaoning Province – Chen Puru
* Governor of Qinghai Province – Zhang Guosheng
* Governor of Shaanxi Province – Yu Mingtao
* Governor of Shandong Province – Su Yiran
* Governor of Shanxi Province – Luo Guibo
* Governor of Sichuan Province – Lu Dadong
* Governor of Yunnan Province – Liu Minghui
* Governor of Zhejiang Province – Li Fengping

## Events

1981 was the year of the rooster in the Chinese Zodiac.
* January 24 - Dawu earthquake
* May 22 - 1st Golden Rooster Awards
* July 9 - Chengdu-Kunming rail crash
* July 22 - Yangquan theatre bombing
* Unknown date – TTK Home Appliance, as predecessor of TCL Technology was founded in Guangdong Province.

## Establishments

* National Population and Family Planning Commission
* Beijing Marathon
* Capital Museum
* China Daily
* Chongqing Broadcasting Group
* Jinling Hotel
* Golden Rooster Awards
* Flying Apsaras Awards
* Duzhe
* TCL Corporation
* Soong Ching-ling Memorial Residence (Shanghai)
* Shantou Special Economic Zone

## Births

* January 2 - Zhang Juanjuan, archer
* January 18 - Song Lun, figure skater
* February 3 - Huang Zhiyi, footballer
* April 4 - Zhang Lei, racing cyclist
* April 6 - Wang Di, football referee
* April 19 - Zhang Yalin, footballer (d. 2010)
* August 29 - Zeng Shaoxuan, tennis player
* September 23 - Zhang Ai, softball player
* Liu Jiayin, independent filmmaker

## Deaths

* Zhang Dingcheng
* Hu Lancheng, died in Japan
* Du Yuming
* Liu Yuzhang, died in Taiwan
* Wang Shujin, died in Taiwan
* Lü Wencheng
* Jiang Yukun
# Sungei Ujong War Memorial

The Sungei Ujong War Memorial is situated in Coronation Park (Taman Bunga Merdeka), Malacca City, Malacca, Malaysia, and commemorates the fallen in the Sungei Ujong campaign of 1875–76.
The obelisk-shaped, granite memorial was erected in memory of the soldiers who died in military operations against Malays in Sungei Ujong during the civil war between Tuanku Antah and his cousin Tuanku Ahmad Tunggal.

## Inscription

The memorial is inscribed: "Erected by their comrades in memory of those who lost their lives on active service against the Malays in Sungei Ujong 1875–6", and includes the names of 13 men who were killed.
On one side of the obelisk are the names of four British soldiers of the 10th Foot (Lincolnshire Regiment) which appear under a Church of England cross: Sergeant F. Owen and Privates J. Ball, J. Newman and H. Smith.
On another are the names of two Gurkhas of the 1st Gurkha Light Infantry under a horn bugle: Naik Bucktring Rau and Sepoy Dulieet Poon,
On a third side are the names of seven members of the Arab contingent under a crescent: Corporal Ali San, and Privates Mahomet Awal, Mahomet Nizam, Ferozee Mahroot, Ali Mussie, Mariano, and Volaey.
# Minab County

Minab County (Persian: شهرستان میناب) is in Hormozgan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Minab.

## History

After the 2006 National Census, Biyaban District was separated from the county in the establishment of Sirik County. Band-e Zarak Rural District was separated from the Central District in the formation of Band-e Zarak District, including the new Kargan Rural District. The villages of Hasht Bandi and Senderk rose to city status.
After the 2011 census, the village of Tirur was elevated to the status of a city.
After the 2016 census, Kariyan Rural District was separated from the Central District in the formation of Kariyan District, including the new Talang Rural District. Tiyab Rural District was also separated from the Central District in the formation of Tiyab District, including the new Sarbaran Rural District.
In 2019, three villages in Band-e Zarak District were elevated to city status: Band-e Zarak, Kargan and Zehuki.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the county's population was 254,304 in 50,478 households. The following census in 2011 counted 235,705 people in 56,106 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 259,221 in 68,906 households.

### Administrative divisions

Minab County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
Minab County Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Central District | 170,419 | 142,745 | 158,650 |
| Band-e Zarak RD | 39,334 | | |
| Gurband RD | 16,513 | 17,761 | 14,087 |
| Howmeh RD | 27,577 | 26,910 | 29,437 |
| Kariyan RD | 14,537 | 15,203 | 16,814 |
| Tiyab RD | 17,835 | 19,642 | 20,271 |
| Minab (city) | 54,623 | 63,229 | 73,170 |
| Tirur (city) | | | 4,871 |
| Band-e Zarak District | | 42,929 | 47,845 |
| Band-e Zarak RD | | 30,548 | 34,121 |
| Kargan RD | | 12,381 | 13,724 |
| Band-e Zarak (city) | | | |
| Kargan (city) | | | |
| Zehuki (city) | | | |
| Biyaban District | 38,251 | | |
| Bemani RD | 11,633 | | |
| Biyaban RD | 11,667 | | |
| Sirik RD | 11,311 | | |
| Sirik (city) | 3,640 | | |
| Kariyan District | | | |
| Kariyan RD | | | |
| Talang RD | | | |
| Senderk District | 19,501 | 23,624 | 22,126 |
| Bondar RD | 3,512 | 4,038 | 3,730 |
| Darpahn RD | 6,118 | 7,832 | 7,537 |
| Senderk RD | 9,871 | 9,730 | 8,944 |
| Senderk (city) | | 2,024 | 1,915 |
| Tiyab District | | | |
| Sarbaran RD | | | |
| Tiyab RD | | | |
| Tukahur District | 26,133 | 26,407 | 30,564 |
| Cheraghabad RD | 18,281 | 13,619 | 15,241 |
| Tukahur RD | 7,852 | 8,350 | 8,605 |
| Hasht Bandi (city) | | 4,438 | 6,718 |
| Total | 254,304 | 235,705 | 259,221 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Henry Leighton Crawford

Henry Leighton Crawford CMG (16 November 1855 – 18 February 1931) was a British colonial administrator who served his career in Ceylon.

## Early life and education

Crawford was born in Jerusalem on 16 November 1855, the son of Rev Henry Crawford of Chelsfield, Kent. He was educated at Clifton College and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.

## Career

Crawford entered the Ceylon civil service as a writer in 1877 attached to the Colombo Kachcheri. In the succeeding six years he served at Kandy, Badulla and Galle Kachcheris, and then as acting magistrate of Kegalla, Balapitiya, Matara, Balapitimodara, Tongalla and Kalpitya. In 1883, he was assistant to the Government Agent of the Western Province, and from 1887 to 1890 was acting District Judge. In 1890, he served as assistant Colonial Secretary and in addition was Secretary of the Central Irrigation Board. From 1894 to 1896, he was acting assistant Colonial Secretary and then confirmed in the appointment.
In 1900, Crawford served as Commissioner under the Buddhist Temporalities Ordinance of 1889. In 1904, he rose to the position of Government Agent of the Southern Province, and in the following year was appointed Government Agent and Treasurer of the Western Province. In 1906, he acted as Colonial Secretary and Treasurer of Ceylon. From 1907 to 1911, he served as Collector of Revenue, Ceylon and put forward proposals for a tax on motor vehicles. He also served as a member of the Executive and Legislative Council of Ceylon. He retired in 1911.

## Personal life and death

Crawford married in 1885 and had four sons and a daughter. He was keen on sports and games. He competed several times for Ceylon as an athlete; he was one of the country's best tennis players coming runner-up in the Ceylon Championship; he was for seven years croquet champion of Ceylon; he was for 25 years chess champion while also serving as President of the Colombo Chess Club; represented Ceylon at cricket, and was President of Colombo Cricket Club.
Crawford died on 18 February 1931, aged 75, at Worthing, Sussex.

## Honours

Crawford was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1906 Birthday Honours.