OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spinal Column (sculpture)

Spinal Column is a 1968 sculpture by Alexander Calder. It was commissioned for the San Diego Museum of Art in 1968 and was displayed in the May S. Marcy Sculpture Garden before being installed outside the museum. The work measures 118 in. x 100 in. x 90 in.
# Forma Finlandia

Forma Finlandia was an international plastics design competition arranged by the Finnish oil company Neste between 1986 and 1994. It was created to support Neste’s corporate image objectives and to promote the acceptance of plastics as material and the environmental awareness related to the use of plastics.
The contest was arranged three times: in 1986–1987, 1989–1991, and 1992–1994.
The first Forma Finlandia 1986–1987 celebrated the 75th anniversary of the Finnish industrial design organisation Ornamo. The contest was open to everyone but required that the entries be new and previously unpublished designs. In 1989, the first prize was given to American designer Lisa Krohn for her design for a multi-functional telephone.
In 1989–1991 and 1992–1994 the contest was arranged in two main categories, one for new product ideas and their designers, and the second category for existing products and their manufacturers. In 1991, no Grand Prize was given and the second prize was divided between two German entries, the Metropolis set of hifi audio equipment by workgroup Meta-Moderne (Wolfgang Hein, Volker Dowidat and Bernard Neelen) and an experimental three-wheeler Lizard by Julian Pahlow. The corporate category winner was a MIDI saxophone for Yamaha, designed by Yasuhiro Kira. Other award recipients in 1991 included Hans-Uwe Baumann, Peter Stenlund, Corinne Chiapello, Loic Perois, Renate Eilert, Eric Chan, Philip Bro Ludvigsen, Hertha Baeumer, and Bernard Sams.
Winners in the third Forma Finlandia contest in 1987 included Winfried Scheuer, Giulio and Valerio Vinaccia, Matti Kähönen, Vlad Müller, Cyrille Veau, Willi Gangl, Alfred Urleb, and Christian Werner.
# Brooding Eyes

Brooding Eyes is a 1926 American silent crime film directed by Edward LeSaint and starring Lionel Barrymore, Ruth Clifford, and Robert Ellis.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, Slim Jim Carey, a titled nobleman who is also the leader of a band of crooks, is reported dead and leaves proof of his daughter’s claim to the estate with his henchmen. Not trusting them, he spies on them from behind his own portrait. With the aid of the man who loves his daughter, he frustrates their plots to get the money in the estate, and is caught by the police just as he is shot. Dying, he reveals his identity to the young man, but not to his daughter.

## Cast

* Lionel Barrymore as Slim Jim Carey
* Ruth Clifford as Joan Ayre
* Robert Ellis as Phillip Mott
* Montagu Love as Pat Callaghan
* William V. Mong as Slaney
* Lucien Littlefield as Bell
* John Miljan as Drummond
* Dot Farley as Marie De Costa
* Alma Bennett as Agnes De Costa
# Deno Davie

Deno M Davie (born 1965), is an English retired cyclist.

## Cycling career

He represented England and competed in the road race and won a gold medal in the road team time trial with Alan Gornall, Keith Reynolds and Paul Curran, at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.
He won one National Championship and was a professional from 1988-1989.
# Koryczany

Koryczany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żarnowiec, within Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 37 kilometres (23 mi) east of Zawiercie and 72 km (45 mi) east of the regional capital Katowice.
# Daisy Campbell (actress, born 2003)

Daisy Arwen Campbell (born 28 July 2003) is an English actress, known for portraying the role of Amelia Spencer on the ITV1 soap opera Emmerdale. She was cast on the soap in 2011 at the age of seven and appeared continuously until 2024.

## Life and career

Daisy Arwen Campbell was born on 28 July 2003 in Methley, Leeds. Campbell has a younger brother who also acts, as well as sister who is a national dance champion. Campbell studied at the Rebel Acting School in Leeds and was represented by Scala School of Performing Arts.
In 2011, at the age of 7, Campbell began her professional career as a child actress when she was cast on Emmerdale. She was introduced as Amelia Spencer, the niece of fellow newcomer Rachel Breckle (Gemma Oaten). Her storylines in the soap since joining have included Amelia's Christian faith, suffering from an eating disorder, becoming pregnant and giving birth as a teen mother, being groomed, stalked and losing her guardian to prison.
On 29 October 2024, it was announced that Campbell had been axed from the soap after 13 years. Amelia's final scenes aired in December of that year. Campbell was sad to have been written out of Emmerdale but expressed that she felt the perfect age to try something new.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2011–2024 | Emmerdale | Amelia Spencer | Regular role | |
| 2021 | Coronation Street | Amelia Spencer | 1 episode | |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref. |
| 2018 | Inside Soap Awards | Best Young Actor | Nominated | |
# Maria Marinela Mazilu

Maria Marinela Mazilu (born 12 April 1991 in Râmnicu Vâlcea) is a Romanian skeleton racer on the Skeleton World Cup circuit. She began competing in 2002 and was selected to the national team in 2004. She was the bronze medalist at the Junior World Championships at Igls in 2012 and again at Winterberg in 2014. Mazilu qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver where she finished 19th, and for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where she finished 20th.
# Joseph-François Malgaigne

Joseph-François Malgaigne (14 February 1806 – 17 October 1865) was a French surgeon and medical historian born in Charmes-sur-Moselle, Vosges.
He studied medicine in Paris, and was later a surgeon of Parisian hospitals, including Hôpitals Saint-Louis, Charité and Beaujon. At the Hôpital Saint-Louis he was a colleague of Auguste Nélaton (1807-1873). Malgaigne was father-in-law to surgeon Léon Clément Le Fort (1829-1893). In 1846 he became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
Malgaigne is known for his work with bone fractures and dislocations, specializing in orthopedic surgery of the knee, hip and shoulder. In 1834 he published Manuel de medecine operatoire, an influential work on surgical techniques. This book was later translated into several languages. In 1843 Malgaigne, together with Germanicus Mirault designed a flap transposition procedure to close cleft lips.
As an advocate of statistical analysis in medicine, he is remembered for conducting statistical hospital surveys in Paris. As an historian, he was a scholar of the works of Hippocrates and editor of Ambroise Paré's writings. In 1841 he was founder of the surgical journal, Journal de chirurgie.

## Associated eponyms

* "Malgaigne's amputation": Subastragalar amputation; an amputation of the foot in which the astragalus is conserved.
* "Malgaigne's fracture": Vertical pelvic fracture with bilateral sacroiliac dislocation and fracture of the pubic rami.
* "Malgaigne's hernia": Infantile inguinal hernia prior to the descent of the testis.
* "Malgaigne's luxation": Partial dislocation of the head of the radius within the elbow joint. Also known as "nursemaid's elbow".
* "Malgaigne's triangle": Also known as the superior carotid triangle, or as "Malgaigne's fossa".

## Selected writings

* Manuel de medecine operatoire; 1834
* Traité d'anatomie chirurgicale et de chirurgie expérimentale; 1838
* Œuvres complètes d’Ambroise Paré, revues et collationnées sur toutes les éditions antérieurs, Paris, Baillière, 1840–1841, 3 volumes in-8, edition illustrated by a frontispice, a portrait and 217 figures in the text by Antoine Chazal (1793-1854).
* Traité des fractures et des luxations; 1847. 1853 edition at the Internet Archive
# Magic Mirror (book)

Magic Mirror (1999) is an adult's picture book by Orson Scott Card and illustrator Nathan Pinnock.

## Plot introduction

Magic Mirror is a story about the problems of a mythical family. Although the family is presented as a medieval royal family, their problems reflect present-day concerns and modern world artifacts appear in the pictures.
# Heidelberg Heights, Victoria

Heidelberg Heights is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 11 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Banyule local government area. Heidelberg Heights recorded a population of 6,758 at the 2021 census.

## History

The first Heidelberg Heights Post Office was renamed in 1950 from Heidelberg West (open since 1923) and closed in 1982. In 1983 Heidelberg North office was renamed Heidelberg Heights; this closed in 1993.
In 2012 the City of Banyule acquired the Haig Street Primary School property at 52 Haig Street which had been closed by the Victorian Education Department. A housing development was built by Metricon on the site.

## Facilities

Public library services is provided by Yarra Plenty Regional Library. The nearest libraries are at Ivanhoe and Rosanna.

## Sport

North Heidelberg Football Club, an Australian rules football team, competes in the Northern Football League.
# Kostrzyna, Gmina Panki

Kostrzyna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Panki, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Panki, 18 km (11 mi) west of Kłobuck, and 78 km (48 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# William Fletcher Sapp

William Fletcher Sapp (November 20, 1824 – November 22, 1890) was a United States Attorney and later a Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa's 8th congressional district. He was a nephew of William R. Sapp, who represented a U.S. House district in Ohio between 1853 and 1857.
Born in Danville, Ohio, Sapp attended the public schools and Martinsburg Academy. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1850 and commenced practice in Mount Vernon, Ohio. He was an unsuccessful candidate for prosecuting attorney of Knox County, Ohio in 1850, but was elected four years later (in 1854) and re-elected in 1856.
Sapp moved to Omaha, Nebraska, in 1860. He was appointed adjutant general of Nebraska Territory in 1861 and also served as member of the Territorial legislative council. He entered the Union Army in 1862 as lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Nebraska Cavalry and served until mustered out.
He then moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa, and resumed the practice of law. He began serving as member of the Iowa House of Representatives in 1865. Following the conclusion of his legislative service, he was the United States Attorney for the District of Iowa from 1869 to 1873.
In 1876, Sapp was elected as a Republican to the U.S. House seat for Iowa's 8th congressional district. After serving in the 45th United States Congress, he was re-elected and then served in the 46th United States Congress. He was a candidate for renomination in 1880 but was defeated by another former lieutenant colonel of a cavalry during the Civil War, William Peters Hepburn, after 346 ballots. In all, he served in Congress from March 4, 1877, to March 3, 1881.
After leaving Congress, Sapp resumed the practice of law in Iowa. He died in Council Bluffs, on November 22, 1890. He was interred in Mound View Cemetery in Mount Vernon, Ohio.
# José Torres Ramírez

José "Pito" Torres Ramírez is a Puerto Rican politician affiliated with the Popular Democratic Party (PPD). He has been a member of the Puerto Rico House of Representatives since 2009 representing District 27.

## Early years and studies

José Torres Ramírez was born in Coamo, Puerto Rico on July 27, 1962. He studied at the Colegio Nuestra Señora de Valvanera, and then at the island's public school system.
Torres Ramírez graduated from the school of Mortuary Sciences of Mayagüez, and is a member of the College of Health Professionals. He also studied at the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico and is certified in handling fraud.

## Professional career

Torres Ramírez worked as a retailer. He was president of the Retailers Association of Coamo and president of the Employers Board of the South, and president of the Board of Directors of the San Blas Savings and Credit Cooperative. He also served as vice president of the Board of the Puerto Rico Multiple Insurances Cooperative.

## Political career

Torres Ramírez was first elected to the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico at the 2008 general election, to represent District 27. During his first term, he was a member of the Commission of Treasury, Internal Affairs, Housing, Consumer Affairs, Education, and others.
He was reelected for a second term in 2012.
# Kotków, Gliwice County

Kotków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wielowieś, within Gliwice County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Wielowieś, 24 km (15 mi) north of Gliwice, and 38 km (24 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.
# Muthurangam Govt. Arts College

Muthurangam Government Arts College (MGAC) is located in Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. The college is affiliated with Thiruvalluvar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## History

Muthurangam Government Arts College was officially inaugurated on 1 November 1965, by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Honorable M. Bhaktavatsalam.

## Department and Courses

* Department of Tamil
* Department of English
* Department of History
* Department of Economics
* Department of Mathematics
* Department of Physics
* Department of Chemistry
* Department of Computer Science
* Department of Zoology
* Department of Commerce
* Department of Business Administration
* Department of Nutrition & Dietetics
Course offered :
* Under Graduate
* BA Economics EM & TM
* BA English Literature (Shift I & II)
* BA History EM & TM
* BA Tamil Literature
* BBA
* BCom (Shift I & II)
* BSc Chemistry EM & TM (Shift I & II)
* BSc Computer Science (Shift I & II)
* BSc Mathematics EM & TM (Shift I & II)
* BSc Nutrition & Dietetics
* BSc Physics EM & TM
* BSc Zoology EM & TM
* Post Graduate
* MA Economics
* MA English
* MA History
* MA Tamil
* MBA
* MCom
* MSc Chemistry
* MSc Computer Science
* MSc Mathematics
* MSc Physics
* MSc Foods and Nutrition
* M.phil
* M.phil courses available some major courses
* PH.d
* Also available PH.D in some courses
# Praying Mantis (film)

Praying Mantis is a 1993 American made-for-television psychological thriller film directed by James Keach, starring Jane Seymour, Barry Bostwick, Chad Allen and Frances Fisher.

## Plot

Linda Crandell (Seymour) is a mentally disturbed woman who seduces men and marries them before killing them.

## Cast

* Jane Seymour as Linda Crandell
* Barry Bostwick as Don McAndrews
* Chad Allen as Bobby McAndrews
* Frances Fisher as Betty
* Colby Chester as Agent Johnson
* Michael MacRae as Agent Broderick
* Anne Schedeen as Karen
# Joseph Calhoun

Joseph Calhoun (October 22, 1750 – April 14, 1817) was a Democratic-Republican member of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1804–1805) and represented South Carolina in the United States House of Representatives (1807–1811). Born in Staunton in the Colony of Virginia, he moved with his father to the Province of South Carolina in 1756 and settled in Granville District, on Little River, near the present town of Abbeville.
Received a limited education and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1804 and 1805 and was a colonel of the state militia. In 1807 he was elected as a Republican to the 10th United States Congress to fill the vacancy for the 6th congressional district caused by the death of Levi Casey and was sworn in on June 2, 1807. He was re-elected to the 11th Congress and served until March 3, 1811. He declined to be a candidate for re-election in 1810 and was succeeded by his first cousin John C. Calhoun. He was also a cousin of both John C. Calhoun's wife, Floride and father-in-law, John E. Colhoun.
Calhoun returned to his agricultural pursuits and engaged in milling. He died in Calhoun Mills, Abbeville District (now Mount Carmel, South Carolina), and was buried there in the family cemetery.
# Jani (letter)

Jani (asomtavruli Ⴟ, nuskhuri ⴟ, mkhedruli ჯ, mtavruli Ჯ) is the 36th letter of the three Georgian scripts.
In the system of Georgian numerals it has a value of 8000.
Jani commonly represents the voiced palato-alveolar affricate /dʒ/, like the pronunciation of ⟨dg⟩ in "hedge".

## Letter

| asomtavruli | nuskhuri | mkhedruli | mkhedruli variant |

### Stroke order
## Computer encodings

| asomtavruli | nuskhuri | mkhedruli |
| U+10BF | U+2D1F | U+10EF |

## Braille

* mkhedruli
# Asian Welsh people

Asian Welsh people are people of Asian heritage who live in Wales, Welsh people of Asian heritage or people with mixed Asian and Welsh heritage. As in other parts of the United Kingdom, "Asian" typically refers to people of South Asian origin: in the census category this means those of Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi heritage. There are also options for people of Chinese or other Asian ancestry; in which other South Asian backgrounds like Sri Lankan are included, as well as other Asian backgrounds, like Filipino, for example.

## Demography

In 2016, the Welsh Assembly of the time (now Welsh Parliament/Senedd Cymru) was criticised for not having a "Welsh Asian" tick box for polling purposes on an equalities form issued in Wales, by the Welsh Assembly.
The second largest "high-level" ethnicity category in Wales in 2021 was “Asian, Asian Welsh or Asian British”. 89,000 people identified as this category, which is 2.9% of the Welsh population. This compares to 2.3% in 2011.
| Ethnic group | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year | Year |
| Ethnic group | 1991 | 1991 | 2001 | 2001 | 2011 | 2011 | 2021 | 2021 |
| Ethnic group | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % |
| Asian or Asian British: Total | 24,399 | 0.9% | 31,714 | 1.1% | 70,129 | 2.3% | 89,028 | 3% |
| Asian or Asian British: Indian | 6,384 | 0.2% | 8,261 | 0.3% | 17,256 | 0.6% | 21,070 | 0.7% |
| Asian or Asian British: Pakistani | 5,717 | 0.2% | 8,287 | 0.3% | 12,229 | 0.4% | 17,534 | 0.6% |
| Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi | 3,820 | 0.2% | 5,436 | 0.2% | 10,687 | 0.3% | 15,314 | 0.5% |
| Asian or Asian British: Chinese | 4,801 | 0.3% | 6,267 | 0.3% | 13,638 | 0.4% | 14,454 | 0.5% |
| Asian or Asian British: Asian Other | 3,677 | 0.1% | 3,464 | 0.1% | 16,318 | 0.6% | 20,656 | 0.9% [Inconsistent percentages] |

## Notable Asian Welsh people
### Acting and film

* Banita Sandhu
* Danielle Bux
* Jessica Sula
* Sally El Hosaini

### Art

* Alia Syed

### Authors

* Shereen El Feki

### Business

* Shelim Hussain
* Albert Gubay

### Medical

* David Nott

### Politics

* Natasha Asghar
* Mohammad Asghar
* Neil McEvoy

### Singing

* Andy Scott-Lee
* Lisa Scott-Lee

### Sport

* Neil Johnson (footballer)
* Prem Sisodiya
* Kishan Hirani
* Anoma Sooriyaarachchi
* Kieffer Moore
* Kaid Mohamed
* Barry Jones (boxer)
* Mika Chunuonsee
* Tom Ramasut
* Clive Rees
* Tal Dunne

### Television and radio

* Jason Mohammad
* Marc Edwards (TV presenter)

### Other

* Abbas Farid
* Sabrina Cohen-Hatton
* Shash Appan

## In popular culture

The Indian Doctor is a BBC comedy drama set in a 1960s Welsh mining village of Trefelin which shows the impact that a Delhi graduate has on the village.
# Kunikane River

The Kunikane River (国兼川, Kunikane-gawa) is a river in Japan which flows from Lake Kunikane in Shōbara in Hiroshima Prefecture.
# Matt McNamara

Matthew McNamara (born 16 July 1996) is an American soccer player who plays as a defender for Rio Branco-ES.

## Career

Before the second half of 2019–20, McNamara signed for Albanian side Turbina, where he made 3 league appearances and scored 1 goal. On 1 February 2020, he debuted for Turbina during a 2–1 loss to Devolli. On 29 February 2020, McNamara scored his first goal for Turbina during a 5–1 loss to Pogradeci.
In 2020, he signed for Jarabacoa in the Dominican Republic. Before the 2022 season, McNamara signed for Brazilian club Rio Branco-ES.
# Therefore sign

In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign, ∴, is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read therefore. While it is not generally used in formal writing, it is used in mathematics and shorthand.

## History

According to Florian Cajori in A History of Mathematical Notations, Johann Rahn used both the therefore and because signs to mean "therefore"; in the German edition of Teutsche Algebra (1659) the therefore sign was prevalent with the modern meaning, but in the 1668 English edition Rahn used the because sign more often to mean "therefore".$^{:vol.1,p.211}$ Other authors in the 18th century also used three dots in a triangle shape to signify "therefore", but as with Rahn, there was little consistency as to how the triangle was oriented; because with its current meaning appears to have originated in the 19th century. In the 20th century, the three-dot notation for 'therefore' became very rare in continental Europe, but it remains popular in Anglophone countries.

## Examples of use

Used in a syllogism:
    All gods are immortal.
    Zeus is a god.
    ∴ Zeus is immortal.
and in mathematics:
    x + 1 = 10
    ∴ x = 9

## Other uses

In meteorology, the therefore sign is used to indicate "moderate rain" on a station model; the similar typographic symbol asterism (⁂, three asterisks) indicates moderate snow.

### Freemasonry

In Freemasonry traditions, the symbol is used to indicate a Masonic abbreviation (rather than the period mark used conventionally with some abbreviations). For example, "R∴W∴ John Smith" is an abbreviation for "Right Worshipful John Smith" (the term Right Worshipful is an honorific and indicates that Smith is a Grand Lodge officer).

## Unicode

The symbol has a Unicode code point at U+2234 ∴ THEREFORE (&there4;, &Therefore;, &therefore;). See Unicode input for keyboard-entering methods.

## Similar signs

The inverted form, ∵, known as the because sign, is sometimes used as a shorthand form of "because".
The character ஃ (visarga) in the Tamil script represents the āytam, a special sound of the Tamil language.
An asterism, ⁂, is a typographic symbol consisting of three asterisks placed in a triangle. Its purpose is to "indicate minor breaks in text", to call attention to a passage, or to separate sub-chapters in a book. It is also used in meteorology to indicate 'moderate snowfall'.
The graphically identical sign ∴ serves as a Japanese map symbol on the maps of the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan, indicating a tea plantation. On some maps, a version of the sign with thicker dots, ⛬, is used to signal the presence of a national monument, historic site or ruins; it has its own Unicode code point.
In Norwegian and Danish, a superficially similar symbol was formerly used as an explanatory symbol (forklaringstegnet). It can be typeset using the open o followed by a colon, thus: ɔ:. It is used for the meaning "namely", id est (i.e.), scilicet (viz.) or similar.