OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# István Hiller

István Hiller (born 7 May 1964) is a Hungarian politician and former chairman of the ruling Hungarian Socialist Party between 16 October 2004 and 24 February 2007, succeeding László Kovács, succeeded by Ferenc Gyurcsány. A co-founder of his party, Hiller was Minister of National Cultural Heritage under the government of Ferenc Gyurcsány from 2003 to 2005 before being replaced by András Bozóki. He became Vice Chairman of the party in 2003. Hiller was the Minister of Education and Culture between 2006 and 2010. He was elected one of the deputy speakers of the National Assembly in May 2014. In 2016, Hiller was elected caucus chair of MSZP.

## Education

He earned a degree in history and latin from the Faculty of Humanities of the Eötvös Loránd University. Hiller attended university in Budapest and Heidelberg, and carried out research at the University of Vienna in 1995 and 1997. He speaks German, Latin and Ancient Greek fluently, as well as Italian and English.

## Personal life

Hiller is married and has two sons, Gábor (b. 1990) and Dávid (b. 1992). His wife is Julianna Farkas.
# Crinitz

Crinitz (Lower Sorbian: Krynica) is a municipality in the Elbe-Elster district, in Lower Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany.

## History

From 1815 to 1947, Crinitz was part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg. From 1952 to 1990, it was part of the Bezirk Cottbus of East Germany. The municipality in its current borders was created on 26 October 2003 by the legally decreed incorporation of the municipality of Gahro into the municipality of Crinitz. Both municipalities had been administered by the Kleine Elster (Niederlausitz) office (until 1995 Amt Kleine Elster) since 1992.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 958 | — |
| 1890 | 1,011 | +0.36% |
| 1910 | 1,030 | +0.09% |
| 1925 | 1,134 | +0.64% |
| 1933 | 1,355 | +2.25% |
| 1939 | 1,482 | +1.50% |
| 1946 | 2,049 | +4.74% |
| 1950 | 2,142 | +1.12% |
| 1964 | 2,008 | −0.46% |
| 1971 | 2,104 | +0.67% |
| 1981 | 1,782 | −1.65% |
| 1985 | 1,730 | −0.74% |
| 1989 | 1,681 | −0.72% |
| 1990 | 1,664 | −1.01% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1991 | 1,638 | −1.56% |
| 1992 | 1,636 | −0.12% |
| 1993 | 1,629 | −0.43% |
| 1994 | 1,635 | +0.37% |
| 1995 | 1,632 | −0.18% |
| 1996 | 1,626 | −0.37% |
| 1997 | 1,636 | +0.62% |
| 1998 | 1,608 | −1.71% |
| 1999 | 1,557 | −3.17% |
| 2000 | 1,566 | +0.58% |
| 2001 | 1,541 | −1.60% |
| 2002 | 1,519 | −1.43% |
| 2003 | 1,512 | −0.46% |
| 2004 | 1,481 | −2.05% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2005 | 1,450 | −2.09% |
| 2006 | 1,407 | −2.97% |
| 2007 | 1,373 | −2.42% |
| 2008 | 1,340 | −2.40% |
| 2009 | 1,339 | −0.07% |
| 2010 | 1,295 | −3.29% |
| 2011 | 1,257 | −2.93% |
| 2012 | 1,236 | −1.67% |
| 2013 | 1,238 | +0.16% |
| 2014 | 1,226 | −0.97% |
| 2015 | 1,222 | −0.33% |
| 2016 | 1,214 | −0.65% |
| 2017 | 1,196 | −1.48% |
# Swan Lake (Okanagan)

Swan Lake is a lake in the Osoyoos Division Yale Land District within the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada.

## Geographical context

The lake is just east of the north end of Okanagan Lake, between Vernon and Armstrong.
# Memphis Open (LPGA Tour)

The Memphis Open was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1959 to 1960. It was played at the Ridgeway Country Club in Memphis, Tennessee.

## Winners

* 1960 Mickey Wright
* 1959 Marilynn Smith
# Grégoire Marche

Grégoire Marche (born 3 March 1990) is a professional squash player who represents France. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 11 in March 2022.

## Career

Marche won the silver medal at the 2017 World Games in the Squash competition. He also won the silver medal in this event at the 2022 World Games.
In December 2023, Marche won a bronze medal with France, at the 2023 Men's World Team Squash Championships in New Zealand.
After losing to fellow Frenchman Lucas Serme at the 2024 PSA Men's World Squash Championship in May, he won another bronze medal with France, at the 2024 Men's World Team Squash Championships in Hong Kong.
# Yvette Hawkins

Yvette Hawkins (September 28, 1940 – April 10, 1995) was an American actress on Broadway, on television, and in films.

## Early life

Yvette Hawkins was born in New York City.

## Career

Earlier in her career, Hawkins was a member of the New Lafayette Theatre in Harlem. She was also involved with the Play-House of the Ridiculous, with John Vaccaro and Ronald Tavel.
Broadway credits for Hawkins included James Baldwin's The Amen Corner (1965), Lolita (1981), Checkmates (1988) and The Shadow Box (1994). She was also busy off-Broadway and in regional theatre, with a role in The Last Street Play with Morgan Freeman in 1977, in a touring company of Ntozake Shange's For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When the Rainbow Is Enuf in 1978, and as James McDaniel's mother in Cheryl L. West's Before It Hits Home in 1992, among many others.
Hawkins appeared in films such as Mighty Aphrodite (1995), Zebrahead (1992), Mississippi Masala (1991), Lean on Me (1989), and Nighthawks (1981). Her television acting credits ranged from soap operas As the World Turns and Guiding Light to dramas Cagney & Lacey and Law & Order. She was also in the cast of Ghostwriter, a children's mystery series. She was credited as a writer on the Children's Television Workshop health show Feelin' Good in the mid-1970s.

## Personal life

Yvette Hawkins was married briefly, to writer Sam Greenlee, in 1978. She died from lung cancer in 1995, aged 54 years, in New York City.
# Llandderfel railway station

Llandderfel railway station in Gwynedd, Wales, was a station on the Ruabon to Barmouth line. It closed to passengers ahead of the scheduled closure date of Monday 18 January 1965 because of flooding by the River Dee which breached the line near Llandderfel on 14 December 1964. This section of the line was never re-opened. The station had a signal box and was a passing place on the single line. Today, no trace of the station buildings exist; however, the flight of steps that leads from the road overbridge down to where the platforms once were are still in situ, along with a small section of overgrown "up" platform a few yards up from the steps.
The steps take you beneath the B4401 where the arch of the railway bridge is still accessible. The old line is walkable but overgrown.
According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, L, H & C but there was no crane.

## Pale Hall

Llandderfel was the next station down the line from Llandrillo but was more notable since it was situated adjacent to Pale Hall, the one time home of Sir Henry Robertson, Chairman of the original railway companies which built the line. Pale Hall had a telephone link with the signal box. On 27 August 1889 the station was visited by Queen Victoria who arrived in the Royal Train and was entertained at Pale Hall.

## Crogen Hall Halt

There was at one time a small unmanned halt between Llandrillo and Llandderfel which did not feature in the public timetables. This was Crogen Hall Halt, a private station built for the benefit of residents of the nearby Crogen Hall which at one time was occupied by Brigadier Skaife. The halt was on the other side of the River Dee from Crogen Hall so access was via a ferry. The Halt was probably opened in the 1920s but closed again a decade later. The platform is still extant under vegetation.

## Llandderfel Tunnel

Midway between Llandderfel and Bala Junction the line passed through a rocky outcrop which resulted in the construction of a 76yd long Llandderfel Tunnel, which still exists today, but now disused.

## Neighbouring stations

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Llandrillo | Great Western Railway Ruabon Barmouth Line | Bala Junction |
# Winnipeg Route 23

Route 23 is a city route in Winnipeg, Manitoba, connecting Route 180 (McPhillips Street) and Route 52 (Main Street).
Route 23 is a minor arterial road connecting Main Street and the Garden City business district. The road is mainly known as Leila Avenue. There is a one-way section between the railroad crossing and Main Street where Leila Avenue is the westbound section of road, and the eastbound section becomes Partridge Avenue. The speed limit is 60 km/h (37 mph).

## History

Route 23 was originally designated as Route 5 when it was added to the Winnipeg Metro Route system in 1969. The route was changed to its current designation in 1992.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Winnipeg.
| km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| −3.3 | −2.1 | Richie Street / Amberstone Road | Leila Avenue western terminus |
| −1.1 | −0.68 | Pipeline Road | |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | McPhillips Street (Route 180) | Route 23 western terminus |
| 1.6 | 0.99 | Partridge Avenue | One-way transition |
| 1.6 | 0.99 | One-way transition | Eastbound traffic follows Partridge Avenue; westbound traffic follows Leila Avenue |
| 1.7 | 1.1 | McGregor Street | |
| 2.8 | 1.7 | Main Street (Route 52) | Route 23 / Partridge Avenue western terminus; two-way traffic on Leila Avenue |
| 3.4 | 2.1 | Scotia Street | Leila Avenue eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Closed/former Route transition ||||
# Gauger

Gauger is a surname of German origin, meaning "to wander around or roam", referring to a vagrant or traveler. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gary Gauger (born 1952), American man wrongfully convicted of murder
* Martin Gauger (1905–1941), German jurist and pacifist
* Stephane Gauger (1970–2018), Vietnamese-born American film director, screenwriter, and cinematographer
# Hugo Urbahns

Hugo Urbahns (1890, Lieth – 1946, Stockholm) was a German communist revolutionary and politician.
He was involved in the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in the 1920s. He was jailed for his role in the Hamburg Uprising of 1923, and spent time on hunger strike.
He was expelled from the KPD in the late 1920s, and became a leader of the Leninbund, a left split from the KPD.
For a time he had links with Leon Trotsky, but they drifted apart over a number of issues, including Urbahns' development of "third campist" positions that the Soviet Union was no longer a workers' state.
# C. Courtney Joyner

C. Courtney Joyner is an American author, screenwriter, director and occasional actor. He is also the cousin of actress Allison Mackie.

## Author

Among the books he has written are Shotgun, a western set in the 1880s, Six Guns and Sleigh Bells and Two Bit Kill. He is a regular columnist for True West Magazine and regularly contributes to The Round-Up, Western Writers of America's monthly magazine. He has twice been nominated for the Peacemaker award for Best Short Story. At one of the Western Writers of America conferences, chairman Paul Andrew Hutton and Johnny Boggs presented Joyner with an award for "Outstanding Service to Western Writers of America".
In March 2021, Joyner appeared on episode 8 of the Ghost of Hollywood radio show to discuss his work on the film Class of 1999.
# Prisoners of the Sun (film)

Prisoners of the Sun is a 2013 British-French adventure horror film directed by Roger Christian starring John Rhys-Davies, David Charvet, Carmen Chaplin, Emily Holmes, Nick Moran, Joss Ackland, Michael Higgs, Gulshan Grover and Shane Richie.

## Plot

A young archaeological apprentice named Doug Adler (David Charvet) is dragged into a perilous expedition deep beneath the timeless sands of Egypt. He and a group of others encounter ancient monsters and escape death traps, but through the expedition, they discover a secret older than time and a danger beyond imagination. However, the "sleepers" have awoken, the gods have risen and the countdown to the end of the world has begun. The Voyagers must find a way to stop the mummy named Al Khem Ayut (Cedric Proust) and escape from the pyramid before time runs out.

## Cast

| Actor | Role |
| John Rhys-Davies | Prof. Hayden Masterton |
| David Charvet | Doug Adler |
| Carmen Chaplin | Sarah Masterton |
| Emily Holmes | Claire Becket |
| Nick Moran | Adam Prime |
| Joss Ackland | Prof. Mendella |
| Michael Higgs | Peter Levitz |
| Gulshan Grover | Rohit |
| Shane Richie | Kalfhani |
| Katherine Heath | Jemila |
| Ahmed Boulane | Pharao consort |
| Cedric Proust | Al Khem Ayut Mummy |
| Isabella Orlowska | Heather |
| Edy Arellano | Sahid |

## Release

The film was released on DVD by Phase 4 Films on 8 July 2014.
# Teleosauroidea

Teleosauroidea is an extinct superfamily of thalattosuchian crocodyliforms living from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. It is phylogenetically defined by Mark T. Young and colleagues in 2024 in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade within Thalattosuchia containing Teleosaurus cadomensis, but not Metriorhynchus brevirostris". This group contains two main families, the more piscivorous and gracile Teleosauridae and the more macropredatory and robust Machimosauridae.
# Amr ibn Adi

Amr ibn Adi ibn Nasr ibn Rabi'a (Arabic: عمرو بن عدي بن نصر بن ربيعة, romanized: ʿAmr ibn ʿAdī ibn Naṣr ibn Rabīʿa), commonly known as Amr I, was the semi-legendary first king of the Lakhmid Kingdom.

## Biography

Most of the details of his life are legendary and later inventions; according to Charles Pellat, "as the historical reality of this personage and of the events [...] became blurred, legend made use of his name to fix the time of events displaced from their historical sequence, and of stories invented to explain proverbs which had become unintelligible".
According to the medieval Arab historians, Amr's father Adi gained the hand of Raqash, the favourite sister of the Tanukhid king Jadhima al-Abrash, by a ruse. Amr is said to have been abducted as a child by a jinn, before being returned to his uncle. He is then said to have been left behind as regent by Jadhima, who marched against al-Zabba (Zenobia), the queen of Palmyra. When his uncle was killed in battle, Amr vowed to avenge his death; even after Zenobia denied him this chance by committing suicide, he stabbed her corpse.
After his uncle's death, Amr broke away from Tanukhid overlordship and established the independent Lakhmid dynasty. According to the 10th-century historian al-Tabari, Amr resettled the abandoned town of al-Hira, and ruled there for 118 years—although in another place al-Tabari gives Amr's entire lifespan as 120 years—before being succeeded by his son Imru al-Qays I ibn Amr as client king on behalf of the Sassanid Persians. Most medieval Arab historians agree with this, and only al-Ya'qubi gives the length of his reign as a plausible 55 years.
Amr was doubtless a historical figure, but it is difficult to establish exact facts on his reign, other than that he lived in the later 3rd century (Armand-Pierre Caussin de Perceval suggested his reign as the period 268–288). The archaeological evidence supports his existence, but is contradictory: an inscription found at al-Namara names Amr and his son, but as clients of the Roman Empire rather than the Persians, whereas the Paikuli inscription indicates that Amr was a vassal of the Sassanid king Narseh (r. 293–302). The commonly accepted explanation is that Amr's son at some point defected to the Romans.

## Manichaeism

Amr was the most prominent patron of Manichaeism, and he gave shelter to the religion and managed to convince Narseh to put an end to the persecution of the Manichaeans. However, the persecution of the Manichaeans was resumed after the death of Narseh and the Lakhmid kingdom resumed its support of the Manichaeans.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The Arabic sources attribute the fall of Zenobia to Amr, and completely ignore the historical wars between Zenobia and the Roman emperor Aurelian.
# Through the Storm (Aretha Franklin and Elton John song)

"Through the Storm" is a song by American singer Aretha Franklin and British singer Elton John. The song was written by Albert Hammond, Diane Warren, and produced by Narada Michael Walden. It was released on March 28, 1989, by Arista Records, as the second single from Franklin's album Through the Storm.

## Charts

| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 63 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 16 |
| Germany (GfK) | 56 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 8 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 41 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 16 |
| US Adult Contemporary (Billboard) | 3 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 17 |
# Gustav Adolf Lenk

Gustav Adolf Lenk (October 15, 1903 – 1987) was a German political activist. Lenk was the founder of the Youth League of the Nazi Party, the predecessor of the Hitler Youth.

## Early life

Lenk was a trained piano polisher. On September 12, 1920, Lenk and his father attended a National-Socialist party meeting in Munich where Adolf Hitler gave a speech. He was captivated, but could not join the party at the time because he was younger than 18 years old. Lenk requested if he could start a youth organization that would be associated with the NSDAP, and the idea appealed to many and was allowed to be created.
When Hitler, then chairman of the party, in a speech in December 1921 casually mentioned a possible youth organization, Lenk, now member of the party, came back to his idea. In March 1922 published in the party's newspaper was on Hitler's initiative Völkischer Beobachter. The founding meeting of the Youth League on 13 May 1922 in Bürgerbräukeller, Munich, Lenk began as a youth leader together with Adolf Hitler as a speaker. Initially limited to Munich, in 1922 more local groups were still being founded in Bavaria and central Germany and published their own newspapers.

## German Youth Movement

After the unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch in November 1923, the Youth League was banned in Germany just like the party, but was continued by Lenk under the name of the Patriotic Youth Association of Greater Germany. The Patriotic Youth Association of Greater Germany was then disbanded by officials because they believed that it was just a new name for the Nazi Youth League. Lenk was then imprisoned, and when he was released, he founded another group, the Greater German Youth Movement. He was then arrested again and sent to Landsberg Prison, where he was released in December 1924. Lenk was released from prison at a similar time as Hitler, and shortly after Hitler's release, Hitler re-founded the Nazi Party. Lenk was hesitant of Hitler because he had declared himself undisputed leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, so he founded a new nationalist youth organization which was not affiliated with Hitler. In response, the Party spread rumors saying that Lenk was a traitor and a petty thief. This led to Lenk's downfall out of German youth movements. Kurt Gruber served as Lenk's successor as the youth organization's leader. After the establishment of the Hitler Youth in 1926, the party no longer recognized Lenk's organization as a precursor.

## After the Youth Movement

In March 1932, Lenk met again at the party and became active in the SA. In 1941, working now in the SA national leadership in Berlin was expelled from the party because he had improperly taken the "Blood Order". A new membership application was unsuccessful.

## Death

The only known fact about Lenk's death is that it occurred sometime in 1987.
# Pushball

Pushball is a game played by two sides on a field usually 140 yards (130 m) long and 50 yards (46 m) wide, with a ball 6 feet (1.8 m) in diameter and 50 pounds (23 kg) in weight. Occasionally, much heavier balls were used. The sides usually number eleven each, there being five forwards, two left-wings, two right-wings and two goal-keepers. The goals consist of two upright posts 18 feet (5.5 m) high and 20 feet (6.1 m) apart with a crossbar 7 feet (2.1 m) from the ground. The game lasts for two periods with an intermission. Pushing the ball under the bar counts 5 points; lifting or throwing it over the bar counts 8. A touchdown behind goal for safety counts 2 to the attacking side.
The game was invented by M. G. Crane of Newton, Massachusetts, in 1891, and was taken up at Harvard University the next year, but never attained any considerable vogue. Macalester College has played pushball since 1914, traditionally involving both students and faculty. Emory University students played pushball from 1923 to 1955 before the game was retired due to its increasingly rough nature.
In the United Kingdom the first regular game was played at The Crystal Palace in 1902 by teams of eight. The English rules are somewhat different from those obtaining in the United States. Pushball on horseback was introduced in 1902 at Durlands Riding Academy in New York, and has been played in England at the Military Tournament.
"Pushball on horseback" variations continued in Europe, and recently resurfaced as a growing equine activity in the United States, with variations including "horse soccer", "equine soccer", and "hoofball". The various games provide great fun for both horse and rider, while serving as a valuable training tool that can be enjoyed by one or more horsemanship team players. The most important safety factor (aside from basic horsemanship foundation and equine communication skills) requires that the ball be at least as tall as the mount's breastbone. Some play with a durable 48-inch-diameter (1,200 mm) cageball – a tough bladder caged inside a separate nylon cover, available from sporting goods suppliers.
A description of the rules can be found in the Spalding book Push Ball: History and Description of the Game, with the Official Playing Rules published in 1903 by Spalding's Athletic Library.
* Columbia University, 1910
* Miami University, 1911
* Macalester College, 1914
# Mahalakadeva

Mahālakadeva (died 24 November 1305), also known as Mahlak Deo or Mahlak Deva, was a king of the Paramara dynasty in central India. The last known ruler of the dynasty, he was defeated and killed by the forces of Alauddin Khalji of Delhi.

## Political status

Mahalakadeva was the successor of Bhoja II. Gogadeva, also known as Haranand or simply Goga, was his powerful pradhan (prime minister). Goga was also the prime minister of Bhoja II's predecessor Arjuna II, and had turned against the king. The 16th century historian Firishta describes Goga as the "Raja of Malwa". According to historian Pratipal Bhatia, Goga might have become the de facto administrator of Malwa, with Bhoja II as a titular ruler.

## Defeat against Alauddin Khalji

In 1305, the Muslim Sultan of Delhi Alauddin Khalji sent his army to conquer Malwa, the Paramara territory. According to Amir Khusrow's Tarikh-i 'Alai, "Rai Mahlak Deo" and pradhan "Koka" (Goga) commanded a force of 30-40 thousand cavalry, and an infantry of unknown size. Khusrow states that Delhi's "army of Islam" defeated this Paramara force, and "the earth was moistened with Hindu blood". Goga was killed in the battle, and his head was sent to the Sultan in Delhi.
Ayn al-Mulk Multani, the newly appointed Governor of Malwa, was sent to expel Mahalakadeva from Mandu and cleanse that place from "the odour of infidelity". With help of a spy, Multani's forces found a way to enter the fort secretly. Mahalakadeva was killed while attempting to flee, on 24 November 1305. The Jain writer Kakka Suri, in his Nabhi-nandana-jinoddhara-prabandha (1336), describes the end of Mahalakadeva as follows: "Besieged by him [Alauddin] in his own fort, the ruler of Mālwā passed there many days, living like a captive, and then died bereft of heroism."
It is not known when exactly did the Delhi forces completed their conquest of Malwa. A 1310 CE Udaipur inscription indicates that the Paramara dynasty survived until this time, at least in the north-eastern part of Malwa. A later 1338 CE inscription on a new mosque indicates that the area was under the control of the Delhi Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq by this time.