OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rick L. Farrar

Rick Lamar Farrar (February 12, 1960 – December 18, 2018) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 27th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives.
Farrar was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. Farrar attended the University of Louisiana at Monroe, where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1985. He earned a Juris Doctor at Southern University Law Center in 1991. In 1992 Farrar was elected for the 27th district of the Louisiana House of Representatives, serving until 1996. He served two further terms from 2000 to 2008. Farrar practised law at the Pineville law firm Farrar & Farrar, and at the Rapides Parish District Attorney's Office.
Farrar died in December 2018 at the Ochsner Baptist Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, at the age of 58.
# Michael E. Carpenter

Michael E. Carpenter (born September 3, 1947) is an American lawyer and politician from Maine. Carpenter, a Democrat, served one term (1974–1976) in the Maine House of Representatives from Houlton. In 1976, Carpenter was elected to the Maine Senate, representing southern Aroostook County. He served in that office until 1986. In 1991, the Maine Legislature elected Carpenter to the position of Maine Attorney General. He served in that office until 1995, when he was replaced by fellow Democrat Andrew Ketterer.
Carpenter is a graduate of the University of Maine School of Law.
In November 2014, Carpenter sought election to the Maine Senate to replace term-limited Republican Roger Sherman. He was defeated by former State Representative Michael Willette in the general election.
In November 2016, Carpenter again sought election to the Maine Senate (District 2). He ran against incumbent Ricky Long and won in the general election. Carpenter was re-elected in 2018.
# Balcraig Castle

Balcraig Castle was built on lands given to the Oliphants by King Robert the Bruce circa 1317.

## Location

Balcraig Castle stood on the western flank of Hatton Hill about half a mile south of the village of Newtyle, Angus, in the Sidlaw Hills. Today no evidence remains of the structure save an area levelled off in the top left corner of the field in which it once stood. The location was strategic as the castle guarded the route through the Sidlaw Hills at this natural cleft.

## History

In 1317 King Robert the Bruce rewarded Sir William Oliphant, Lord of Aberdalgie with a number of grants of land including Gasknes, Newtyle, Kinpurnie, Auchtertyre, Balcrais, Muirhouse and Hazelhead.
It is not known when the castle of Balcraig was constructed but it was superseded in 1575 when Hatton Castle was erected by the 4th Lord Oliphant nearby. The only known representation of Balcraig is in Timothy Pont's map of the area circa 1590, when it was still standing.
It has been suggested that Balcraig was of wooden construction but this is not supported by the fact that a number of boulder stones were ploughed up in the vicinity of the site of the old castle some fifty years ago (circa 1970). The size of the stones suggested that they were the foundations of a stone fortalice. There is also a diary record of the blowing up of the castle at Newtyle. Hatton Castle, although ruinous until it was restored in the 1980s, was still standing, rather, it had had some major repairs by its owners. The Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland states that: "The ruins of Hatton Castle and the scanty vestiges of Balcraig have both been separately noticed". Since a wooden structure would not have survived from 1317 to 1884, the "scanty vestiges" visible must have been stone.
# Johnny Ellis

Johnny Ellis (March 13, 1960 – February 9, 2022) was an American politician who served as a member of the Alaska Senate from 1992 to 2017. He was previously a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1986 through 1992.

## Early life and education

Ellis was born in Springfield, Missouri, and moved to Anchorage, Alaska, in 1975. Ellis was an Eagle Scout. After graduating from Bartlett High School (Anchorage, Alaska) in 1978, he attended the University of Alaska Anchorage for one year before earning a Bachelor of Arts degree from Claremont McKenna College in 1982.

## Career

Ellis served as a member of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993. He was then elected to the Alaska Senate, representing the H district from 1993 to 2003. Ellis represented the L district from 2003 to 2013 and the I district from 2013 to 2017. From 2009 to 2011, Ellis served as majority leader of the Senate. Outside of politics, Ellis was a commissioner of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education and operated several small businesses.

## Personal life and death

In 2016, Ellis spoke publicly about his health issues, including battles with prostate cancer, and multiple sclerosis. He also came out as gay.
Ellis died on February 9, 2022, at the age of 61.
# Sancho Ordóñez (count)

Sancho Ordóñez (before 1042– c. 1080), was a count who lived in the 11th century. His father was Ordoño Bermúdez, an illegitimate son of King Bermudo II of León, and his mother was Fronilde Peláez, also a member of the high nobility as the daughter of Count Pelayo Rodríguez and his wife Gotina Fernández de Cea, daughter of Count Fernando Bermúdez de Cea and sister of Jimena, the mother of King Sancho Garcés III the Great, and of Justa Fernández, married to Count Flaín Muñoz.

## Biographical sketch

He was named count between 1059 and 1061 when he appears with the title in several family transactions and royal charters, such as one dated 1061 at the Monastery of Samos when he confirms as Sanctius proles Ordonii comes (Sancho, son of Ordoño, count). Count Sancho was a member of the Curia regis of his cousins King Fernando I and Sancha of León and in 1059 confirmed a private transaction between these monarchs and Fronilde Ovéquiz. He also appears in charters issued by King Alfonso VI, including one dated 1071 when he confirms as Sancio Ordoniz comes a donation made by the king to Velasco Vela, and in 1073 at the Monastery of Samos when the king named him one of the judges entrusted with settling a dispute between the abbot of the monastery and Ero Peláez. In 1077, Count Sancho donated the properties in Villarín de Campos that he had inherited from his grandfather, count Pelayo Rodríguez, to the Cathedral of León.

## Marriage and issue

Before 1082, Count Sancho married Onneca (also appears as Onega) Ovéquiz, daughter of Count Oveco Bermúdez and his wife Elvira Suárez, and sister of counts Bermudo, Vela, and Rodrigo Ovéquiz. The offspring of this marriage were:
* Oveco Sánchez (died c. 1116), count, married Elvo Álvarez before 1085, with issue;
* Bermudo Sánchez, mentioned by his mother and brother Vela in a charter from the Cathedral of Lugo;
* Vela Sánchez (died before 1109);
* Fronilde Sánchez (died before 1108), the wife of Count Nuño Velázquez. One of their sons, Melendo Núñez, was the father of Nuño Meléndez, the first husband of Queen Urraca López de Haro, and their firstborn, Count Alfonso Núñez, was the father of Teresa Alfonso, wife of Egas Moniz, the tutor of King Afonso I of Portugal. They were also the parents of Sancho Núñez who married Infanta Sancha Henriques, daughter of Henry, Count of Portugal;
* Jimena Sánchez, who appears as of August 10, 1093, as a nun at the Cistercian monastery of San Salvador in Ferreira de Pantón. Her filiation is attested in a charter dated January 26, 1108 when she declares herself the daughter of Count Sancho and granddaughter of Ordoño Bermudez, and makes a donation of some of her estates in Sarria, Lemos and Asma, which was confirmed by King Alfonso VI and by several bishops.
# Melanosclerite

The Melanosclerites are a group of problematic microfossils obtained by palynological processing.

## Morphology

The form-taxon contains a wide array of rod-like fossils, 100 μm to some mm long, that culminate in a broad bulbous 'head', often separated from the stalk by a constriction. The bulbous end may bear broad 'prongs', giving the appearance of the end of a human femur where the prongs are paired, although the prongs often occur in higher number – five, six, a dozen – with some resemblance to Namacalathus.

## Affinity

The affinity of melanosclerites is uncertain; algal has been proposed, but hydrozoan (cnidarian) is preferred, though not conclusively established. Melanoscleritoites Eisenack, 1963 is interpreted as a hydrozoan, with other taxa not attributable to that particular class, on the basis of a broad morphological similarity – though the distinguishing features are far from unequivocal, and the preservation of the material raises some taphonomic problems. The composition resembles that of chitinozoans, scolecodonts, graptolites, and fungi – though at least one species of extant cubomedusan hydroid does produce a similarity resilient "chitinous" 'wall'.

## Occurrence

They have been reported in shallow marine sandstones and limestones, as well as upper slope and open marine sediments, in strata from the Lower Cambrian to Upper Devonian.
Taxa include:
* Eichbaumia Schallreuter, 1981
** Eichbaumia incus Schallreuter, 1981
* Melanoarbustum Górka, 1971
** Melanoarbustum balticum Górka, 1971
* Melanoclava Eisenack, 1942
** Melanoclava betaotda Eisenack, 1942
* Melanocyathus Eisenack, 1942
** Melanocyathus dentatus Eisenack, 1942
* Melanoporella Górka, 1971
** Melanoporella polonica Górka, 1971
** Melanoporella bulla
** Melanoporella clava Schallreuter, 1981
* Melanorhachis Eisenack, 1942
** Melanorhachis regularis Eisenack, 1942
* Melanoscleritoites Eisenack, 1963
* Melanosteus Eisenack, 1942
** Melanosteus acutus Eisenack, 1942
* Melanostylus Eisenack, 1963
** Melanostylus coronifer Eisenack, 1963
* Menola Schallreuter, 1981
** Menola os Schallreuter, 1981
* Mirachitina Eisenack, 1963
** Mirachitina quadrupedis Eisenack, 1963
* Semenola Schallreuter, 1981
** Semenola semen Schallreuter, 1981
# Wylie Sypher

Feltus Wylie Sypher (December 12, 1905 – August 14, 1987) was an American non-fiction writer and professor.
Sypher was born in Mount Kisco, New York, to Harry Wylie Sypher and Martha Berry. He graduated from Amherst College in 1927. He received a master's degree from Tufts University in 1929 and became an instructor at Simmons College. That same year he married Lucy Johnston. In 1932, he received his second master's degree from Harvard University. He earned his Ph.D. in 1937 from Harvard.
Sypher taught summers at the University of Wisconsin, the University of Minnesota, and in the 1968 summer session he became the first Robert Frost Professor of Literature at the Bread Loaf School of English at Middlebury College, where he had taught since 1957. He was twice awarded a Guggenheim fellowship for research in the theory of fine arts and literature.
He died in Hackettstown, New Jersey, in 1987.

## Works

* Four Stages of Renaissance Style: Transformations in Art and Literature, 1400–1700. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1955.
* Rococo to Cubism in Art and Literature (1960)
* Loss of the Self in Modern Literature and Art (1962)
* Literature and Technology: The Alien Vision (1968)
* The Ethic of Time: Structures of Experience in Shakespeare (1976)
* Art History: An Anthology of Modern Criticism (editor, 1963)
# Watchmen: Music from the Motion Picture

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Empire | |
Watchmen: Music from the Motion Picture is the film soundtrack album for the 2009 film Watchmen. The soundtrack features three songs written by Bob Dylan: "Desolation Row", "The Times They Are a-Changin'", and "All Along the Watchtower".
The film uses some of the songs mentioned in the comic, including "The Times They Are a-Changin'", Jimi Hendrix's cover of "All Along the Watchtower"; Simon and Garfunkel's "The Sounds of Silence"; Nena's "99 Luftballons"; a muzak version of Tears For Fears' "Everybody Wants to Rule the World"; and Nat King Cole's "Unforgettable". Many of the period songs were up-mixed to 5.1 surround for the film using the Penteo process. Tyler Bates, who wrote the film's original score, said the challenge was composing music that would transition effectively into these famous songs. Director Zack Snyder and Bates received Dylan's permission to use the stems from "The Times They Are a-Changin'" so the three-minute song could play over the six-minute opening. The story of how Dr. Manhattan came to be is accompanied by a montage of the pieces "Prophecies" and "Pruit Igoe" by Philip Glass, originally composed for the 1982 cult film Koyaanisqatsi. Nite Owl II and Silk Spectre II's sex scene aboard the Owl Ship is set to the tune of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah". Originally Zack Snyder used a recording of the song by Allison Crowe for the scene, but decided Crowe's version was "too romantic" and "too sexy" for a scene that is intended to come across as ironic and "ridiculous". Snyder ended up placing the original Cohen studio recording in this scene. My Chemical Romance, whose members are fans of the comic, covered Dylan's "Desolation Row" for the first half of the closing credits. The second half is followed by "First We Take Manhattan" sung by Leonard Cohen.
The song "The Beginning Is the End Is the Beginning", composed by American alternative rock band the Smashing Pumpkins for the soundtrack of Batman & Robin, although used in a promotional trailer, was not included on the soundtrack of Watchmen. Also used in trailers but left off of the soundtrack is the track "Take A Bow" by English alternative rock band, Muse, from their 2006 album, Black Holes and Revelations. Also in the ads are "Angel" by Massive Attack.

## Track listing

* Tales of the Black Freighter was based on the lyrics to "Pirate Jenny".

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 58 |
| Mexican Albums (Top 100 Mexico) | 82 |
# International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors

The International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (also known by the acronym ICPS) is a biennial conference series on semiconductor science. This biennial meeting is the premier forum for reporting all aspects of semiconductor physics including electronic, structural, optical, magnetic and transport properties. The conference will reflect the state of the art in semiconductor physics with a heritage dating back to the 1950s.

## Conference list

* ICPS 1 - Reading (1950)
* ICPS 2 - Amsterdam (1954)
* ICPS 3 - Garmisch-Partenkirchen (1956)
* ICPS 4 - Rochester (1958)
* ICPS 5 - Prague (1960)
* ICPS 6 - Exeter (1962)
* ICPS 7 - Paris (1964)
* ICPS 8 - Kyoto (1966)
* ICPS 9 - Moscow (1968)
* ICPS 10 - Cambridge (USA) (1970)
* ICPS 11 - Warsaw (1972)
* ICPS 12 - Stuttgart (1974)
* ICPS 13 - Rome (1976)
* ICPS 14 - Edinburgh (1978)
* ICPS 15 - Kyoto (1980)
* ICPS 16 - Montpellier (1982)
* ICPS 17 - San Francisco (1984)
* ICPS 18 - Stockholm (1986)
* ICPS 19 - Warsaw (1988)
* ICPS 20 - Thessaloniki (1990)
* ICPS 21 - Beijing (1992)
* ICPS 22 - Vancouver (1994)
* ICPS 23 - Berlin (1996)
* ICPS 24 - Jerusalem (1998)
* ICPS 25 - Osaka (2000)
* ICPS 26 - Edinburgh (2002)
* ICPS 27 - Flagstaff (2004)
* ICPS 28 - Vienna (2006)
* ICPS 29 - Rio de Janeiro (2008)
* ICPS 30 - Seoul (2010)
* ICPS 31 - Zurich (2012)
* ICPS 32 - Austin (2014)
* ICPS 33 - Beijing (2016)
* ICPS 34 - Montpellier (2018)
* ICPS 35 - Sydney (2020) postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic
* ICPS 35 - Sydney (2022)
* ICPS 36 - Ottawa (2024)
# Jabbar Abd ol Emam

Jabbar Abd ol Emam (Persian: جبارعبدالامام) is a village in Jazireh-ye Minu Rural District of Minu District, Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 948 in 213 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,125 people in 296 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 1,086 people in 300 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Un-Australian

Un-Australian is an increasingly pejorative term used in Australia. In modern usage, it has similar connotations to the United States term un-American, however the Australian term is somewhat older, being used as early as 1855 to describe an aspect of the landscape that was similar to that of Britain. Its modern usage was popularised during the 1990s by Prime Minister John Howard and One Nation Party founder Pauline Hanson; however, Stanley Bruce used it in reference to striking workers in 1925 and Joseph Lyons during the 1930s to decry communists and migrants from non-British backgrounds. In recent times, the word has been overused to the point of being a particular favourite of humourists and satirists. It is used in a humorous TV advertising campaign by Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA), in which ex-AFL footballer Sam Kekovich declares that not including lamb in one's diet is "un-Australian". The 2023 campaign saw MLA update their position on the term. Rather than using the term to divide, they declared that being un-Australian is a cause for celebration.

## Modern usage

While the origins of the term go back to the 1850s, the term "un-Australian" has risen in popularity since the mid-1990s. The definition of the word has changed from simply defining something, particularly art or literature, as not Australian in character to a broader, more negative connotation suggesting an activity, behaviour, belief or policy that is seen to be violating Australian cultural norms. In this sense, then, its usage is generally subjectively applied according to the user's beliefs. Furthermore, usage of the word in political campaigning is with the intention of sparking nationalistic ideals in the general public in order to increase and grow political support.
Judith Ireland, writing in The Sydney Morning Herald, notes John Howard is perhaps most responsible for the proliferation of the word, having used it in the 1980s to describe the proposed Australia Card legislation. During his term as prime minister, Howard repeatedly used the term "un-Australian" to describe striking workers, anti-globalisation and anti-war protestors and Opposition proposals to withdraw the country's military from Iraq. Millionaire businessman, philanthropist and human rights campaigner Dick Smith also described the Howard government's policies towards convicted terrorism supporter David Hicks and asylum seekers as "un-Australian".
In a more vernacular sense, the word is also often used in a jocular form for anything that could be considered not in accordance with the wider Australian community. In 2006, the Cultural Studies Association of Australasia convened its annual conference under the title "UnAustralia" at the University of Canberra with keynote speeches at Parliament House. Also in 2006, Melbourne artist, Azlan McLennan burned an Australian flag to coincide with Australia Day. The artwork, "Proudly UnAustralian" was controversially removed from its public billboard display by local authorities, prompting much debate about free speech versus police powers.
# Alyce Clarke

Alyce Griffin Clarke (born July 3, 1939) is an American politician. A Democrat, she is a former member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 69th district, being first elected in 1984 and serving until 2024. She was the first black woman elected to the Mississippi Legislature.

## Early life

Clarke was born on July 3, 1939, in Yazoo City, Mississippi. She received a bachelor's degree from Alcorn State University and a master's degree from Tuskegee Institute. She also attended Jackson State University and Mississippi College. Prior running for office, Clarke worked in education, teaching home economics. She also worked as a nutritionist at a community health center in Hinds County. She married L.W. Clarke Jr and they had one child, Demarquis Johntrell.

## Political career

Clarke was first elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives for the 69th district in 1984. She was the first black woman elected to the Mississippi Legislature. She worked on bringing the federal Women, Infants and Children food program to the state, setting up drug courts and organizing school breakfasts. In the 1990s, she founded a short-lived "biracial, bipartisan" Women's Caucus in the Mississippi House.
She retired at the 2023 Mississippi elections in November.

## Personal life

In 1981, she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

## Legacy

In 2024, she became the first woman and the first black person to have their portrait on display in the Mississippi State Capitol. Her portrait is an oil painting, and is in the room of the Capitol where the House Education Committee meets.
# Michael Acton Smith

Michael Acton Smith OBE (born 3 September 1974) is the co-CEO and co-founder of Calm, a meditation space company. He is also the founder of Firebox.com, and founder and chairman of children's entertainment company Mind Candy, which created the video game Moshi Monsters. He has been described by The Daily Telegraph as "a rock star version of Willy Wonka" and by The Independent as "a polite version of Bob Geldof."

## Education

Acton Smith attended Sir William Borlase's Grammar School in Marlow, Buckinghamshire. In 1996, he graduated from Birmingham University with a degree in geography.

## Career

Acton Smith joined the human resources department at Goldman Sachs after graduating in 1996. In 1998, he co-founded online gadget and gift retailer Firebox.com with Tom Boardman. In 2004, Firebox was listed on The Sunday Times' 'Fast Track 100' list of the fastest growing, privately owned business in the UK.
In 2004, Acton Smith secured $10M backing and launched Mind Candy. The company launched alternate reality game Perplex City, a global treasure hunt with £100,000 buried somewhere in the world that played out across various media including websites, text messages, magazines, live events, skywriting and multiple helicopters. The game was nominated for a BAFTA award in 2006. After three years (and $9M spent) Perplex City was placed on indefinite hold.
In 2007 Acton Smith launched online world Moshi Monsters. In 2013, it had over 90 million users around the world. The online world shut down in 2019. It has expanded offline into selling a range of products including toys, a kids magazine in the UK, a DS video game, a top 5 music album which has gone gold in the UK, books, membership cards, and trading cards. In December 2013, Moshi Monsters teamed with Universal to release a full-length feature movie.
In late 2012 Acton Smith co-founded Calm.com, along with Alex Tew. In 2013 the company announced a $450,000 funding round from a group of Angel investors. By 2015, Calm had reached 2 million downloads worldwide and, after winning a British competition, launched the world's first "slow TV Ad". That same year, Acton Smith released a book with Penguin called Calm: Calm the Mind, Change the World. It was published in 12 countries.
In July 2017, the release of Baa Baa Land, an eight-hour slow cinema film, was announced with Acton Smith as Executive Producer.
Acton Smith is also the founder of Ping Pong Fight Club, Silicon Drinkabout, and the Berwickstock Festival. He was awarded a BAFTA in 2013 for Moshi Monsters and was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to the creative industries.
# Watchmen: Original Motion Picture Score

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Empire | |
| IGN | |
| Allmusic | |
Watchmen: Original Motion Picture Score is a film score album for the 2009 film Watchmen. It was released concurrently with the soundtrack album Watchmen: Music from the Motion Picture.
The album's digital release comes with a bonus track, "Prison Fight (Philip Steir / Phat Prison Phight Remix)", at the end of the album.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tyler Bates, except where stated