OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nürburg Castle

The Nürburg is a ruined hilltop castle in the German Eifel Mountains near the village of Nürburg south of Adenau in the district of Ahrweiler in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It stands within the famous North Loop, or Nordschleife, of the Nürburgring racing course at an altitude of 678 m (2,224 ft) on a volcanic basalt cone. It may be visited for a fee.

## History

The site was first mentioned in the records in 1166 as Noureberg or Mons Nore, but it is probable that it was already used as a signal station in Roman times to protect the important Roman road that ran through the Eifel.
The actual instigator of the Nürburg was Count Ulrich, who is named in a document from 1169, although his father, Dietrich I of Are, had already started the construction of a refuge castle on the mountain. Ulrich's descendants called themselves the lords of Nürburg and Are and were vassals (Lehnsmänner) of the bishops of Cologne and the Hohenstaufen emperor.
In 1290, ownership of the castle was transferred to the Electorate of Cologne, because there were no more descendants of the lords of Nürburg. The archbishopric appointed a bailiff (Amtmann), who from then on was to represent their interests.
The construction of the castle was carried out in three stages. After the construction of the rectangular inner ward or kernburg, the zwinger walls were built between 1340 and 1369 under the bailiff, Johann von Schleiden, as a second defensive ring. In the 15th century a third wall was erected to protect the hitherto freely-accessible castellan's buildings that have not survived.
As early as the 16th century the castle fell into a very poor condition, a situation which the officiating bailiffs complained about. As a result, restoration work was carried out several times.
In 1633, during the Thirty Years' War, the Nürburg was captured by the Swedes under General Baudissin, who plundered and damaged it. In 1674, Imperial troops occupied the castle.
In 1689, French soldiers finally destroyed the place. The surviving keep, or bergfried, was initially used as a prison, but was no longer fit for that purpose after 1752. The castle was abandoned and used as a stone quarry.
In 1818 Prussia had the bergfried restored because, with its height of 678 m above sea level (NN), it would be able to act as a trigonometric point. In the course of this work the outer ward was demolished. Today only the remnants of the enceinte testify to its existence.
In 1949, ownership of the ruins was transferred to Rhineland-Palatinate's State Department for Conservation, who entrusted it to the Management of State Castles of Rhineland-Palatinate (Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser Rheinland-Pfalz, today the Burgen, Schlösser Altertümer Rheinland-Pfalz). The latter had work carried out several times (last in 1988/89) in order to expose elements of the building that had been filled in, as well as to carry out safety and restoration work.

## Sources

* Werner Bornheim gen. Schilling: Ruine Nürburg. Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Burgen, Schlösser, Altertümer Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 2003 (= Führer der Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser Rheinland-Pfalz, Heft 14).
# Fold-and-cut theorem

The fold-and-cut theorem states that any shape with straight sides can be cut from a single (idealized) sheet of paper by folding it flat and making a single straight complete cut. Such shapes include polygons, which may be concave, shapes with holes, and collections of such shapes (i.e. the regions need not be connected).
The corresponding problem that the theorem solves is known as the fold-and-cut problem, which asks what shapes can be obtained by the so-called fold-and-cut method. A particular instance of the problem, which asks how a particular shape can be obtained by the fold-and-cut method, is known as a fold-and-cut problem.

## History

The earliest known description of a fold-and-cut problem appears in Wakoku Chiyekurabe (Mathematical Contests), a book that was published in 1721 by Kan Chu Sen in Japan.
An 1873 article in Harper's New Monthly Magazine describes how Betsy Ross may have proposed that stars on the American flag have five points, because such a shape can easily be obtained by the fold-and-cut method.
In the 20th century, several magicians published books containing examples of fold-and-cut problems, including Will Blyth, Harry Houdini, and Gerald Loe (1955).
Inspired by Loe, Martin Gardner wrote about the fold-and-cut problems in Scientific American in 1960. Examples mentioned by Gardner include separating the red squares from the black squares of a checkerboard with one cut, and "an old paper-cutting stunt, of unknown origin" in which one cut splits a piece of paper into both a Latin cross and a set of smaller pieces that can be rearranged to spell the word "hell". Foreshadowing work on the general fold-and-cut theorem, he writes that "more complicated designs present formidable problems".
The first proof of the fold-and-cut theorem, solving the problem, was published in 1999 by Erik Demaine, Martin Demaine, and Anna Lubiw and was solved using straight skeleton method.

## Solutions

There are two general methods known for solving instances of the fold-and-cut problem, based on straight skeletons and on circle packing respectively.
# Le Masque de fer

Le Masque de fer ("The Iron Mask") is a 1962 French film directed by Henri Decoin, based on the 1850 novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later by Alexandre Dumas and specifically part 3 of the novel, The Man in the Iron Mask; which in turn is based on the real-life story of the Man in the Iron Mask.

## Synopsis

Mazarin gives d'Artagnan the mission to rescue the imprisoned brother of Louis XIV.
In a scene not in the original book, d'Artagnan grabs Isabelle de Saint-Mars, pulls up her dress, and spanks her to punish her for not keeping a promise she had made.

## Technical details

* Director: Henri Decoin
* Writer: Laurent Devries, Gérald Devriès, Cécil Saint-Laurent after the works of Alexandre Dumas
* Producer: Roger de Broin
* Director of photography: Pierre Petit
* Music: Georges Van Parys
* Editing: Louisette Hautecoeur
* Scenery: Olivier Girard and Paul-Louis Boutié
* Genre: Adventure
* Length: 127 min
* Date of release: France, 1962

## Starring

* Jean Marais: d'Artagnan
* Jean-François Poron: Henri/Louis XIV
* Sylva Koscina: Marion
* Gisèle Pascal: Mme de Chaulmes
* Jean Rochefort: Lastréaumont
* Claudine Auger: Isabelle de Saint-Mars
* Germaine Montero: Anne d'Autriche
* Simone Derly: Marie Mancini
* Noël Roquevert: Mr de Saint-Mars
* Jean Lara: Renaud de Lourmes
* Jean Davy: Maréchal de Turenne
* Raymond Gérôme: Pimentel
* Philippe Lemaire: Vaudreuil
* Enrico Maria Salerno: Mazarin
* Clément Thierry: Maulévrier
* Max Montavon: le notaire
# Alok Kumar Chaurasiya

Alok Kumar Chaurasiya is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Daltonganj block of Jharkhand state as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party 2019. He completed his 12th grade (I.Sc.) from G.L.A. College, Daltonganj, in the year 2012. As of the latest declaration, his total assets are valued at ₹5,45,12,846 (~₹5 crore+), and he has liabilities amounting to ₹35,00,000 (~₹35 lakh+).
# Eferding District

Bezirk Eferding is a district of the state of Upper Austria in Austria.

## Municipalities

Towns (Städte) are indicated in boldface; market towns (Marktgemeinden) in italics; suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
* Alkoven
* Aschach an der Donau
* Eferding
* Fraham
* Haibach ob der Donau
* Hartkirchen
* Hinzenbach
* Prambachkirchen
* Pupping
* Scharten
* Sankt Marienkirchen an der Polsenz
* Stroheim
# Eric M. Javits

Eric M. Javits (born 24 May 1931) is an American diplomat who served as the Ambassador and Permanent U.S. Representative to the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva from 2001 to 2003 and the United States Permanent Representative to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons from 2003 to 2009. He is a member of the Council of American Ambassadors.
Javits grew up in Connecticut and is a nephew of former U.S. Senator, Jacob Javits (R-NY). His father, Benjamin Javits, was an attorney, philanthropist, and author and was brother to the late Senator Javits. He graduated from the Choate School in 1948 and then spent one year at Stanford University in California. He transferred to Columbia College and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1952. He attended Columbia Law School and graduated in 1955.
He began his legal career with Javits & Javits, the New York law firm founded by his father and his uncle. He conducted international practice as a partner in the firm from 1964 to 1989, when he left the practice of law to serve as a consultant in the U.S. Department of State. He was nominated to be the United States Ambassador to Venezuela on July 11, 1989, but the confirmation was delayed because the New York lawyer has been subpoenaed in connection with a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation. He later withdrew the nomination on June 26, 1990.
Javits served as the president of Queen Sofía Spanish Institute from 1981 to 1987. He was also named chairman in 1987. He was twice conferred the Order of Isabella the Catholic by King Juan Carlos of Spain for his work in promoting Spanish culture.
# Poru Telangana

Poru Telangana is a 2011 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by R. Narayana Murthy. The star cast includes R. Narayana Murthy. The other leading role of Telangana Martyr Srinivasa Chary was portrayed by debutant Rameez Ahmed. The film won Nandi Awards.

## Plot

Poru Telangana is a film about the 2009–11 Telangana movement. A few students decide to participate in the movement for the creation of the separate state of Telangana, owing to a lack of employment opportunities.

## Cast

* R. Narayana Murthy
* Rameez Ahmed as Telangana Martyr Srinivasa Chary

## Reception

A critic from Filmibeat wrote that "R Narayana Murthy"s performance is at his usual best".
# Dandakaranyam

Dandakaranyam is a 2016 Indian Telugu action drama film directed and produced by R. Narayana Murthy under Sneha Chitra Pictures banner. The film features R. Narayana Murthy and Gaddar in the lead roles. The film was released on 18 March 2016.
The film is against the backdrop of exploitation of forested areas and the bauxite mining in Visakha Agency, Visakhapatnam District.

## Cast

* R. Narayana Murthy as Koteswara Rao
* Gaddar

## Release

Dandakaranyam was released on 18 March 2016 across Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
# Peter Coad

Peter Coad (born December 30, 1953) is a software entrepreneur and author of books on programming. He is notable for his role in defining what have come to be known as the UML colors, a color-coded notation chiefly useful for adding breadth and depth to a design, using four major archetypes.

## Biography

Coad received a Bachelor of Science with Honors in Electrical Engineering from OSU (Stillwater) in 1977 and a Master of Science in Computer Science from USC in 1981.
From 1978 to 1988, Coad worked as a systems engineer and a software-methods coach.
In 1988, Peter Coad founded Object International, a software consulting firm where he served as president.
From 1989 to 1999, Coad coached teams on how to build systems that would gracefully accommodate unexpected change. He authored six books on object-oriented development, beginning with "Object-Oriented Analysis" in 1989.
In 1999, Coad was co-founder of the software company TogetherSoft, where he served as chairman, chief executive officer, and president.
From 1999 to 2003, Coad built and led 350-person team in a successful software startup, TogetherSoft. Coad received 11 US patents (link https://uspto.report/company/Coad-Peter).
From about 2000 to 2004 Coad was editor-in-chief of the Coad Series of books from Prentice Hall. This series of books were in the field of software development.
Coad became senior vice president and chief strategist of Borland Software Corp. when Borland bought TogetherSoft in January 2003. Coad left Borland before the end of 2003 and turned his attention to interests outside of the software development field, especially simplified teaching techniques for learning to read The Bible in its original languages.
Since 2004, Peter Coad leads a small team, inventing and developing the "Parallel Plus® Bible-study app." Coad and team focus on user experiences that encourage best study practices.
Coad and his spouse, Judy, have been married since 1978.
In 2022, Peter Coad started a new project dedicated to a night-sky photography. Many artworks can be found at coad.com

## Publications
### Books

* Java Modeling In Color With UML, Peter Coad, Eric Lefebvre, and Jeff De Luca, June 1999, ISBN 0-13-011510-X
* Java Design: Building Better Apps and Applets (2nd Edition), Peter Coad, Mark Mayfield, and Jon Kern, 1998, ISBN 0-13-911181-6
* Object Models: Strategies, Patterns, and Applications, (2nd Edition) Peter Coad, Mark Mayfield, and David North, 1996, ISBN 0-13-840117-9
* Object-Oriented Programming, Peter Coad and Jill Nicola, 1993, pages 582, ISBN 0-13-032616-X
* Object Oriented Design, Peter Coad and Ed Yourdon, 1991, ISBN 0-13-630070-7
* Object Oriented Analysis (1st Edition), Peter Coad and Edward Yourdon, 1990, ISBN 0136291228
* Object Oriented Analysis (2nd Edition), Peter Coad and Ed Yourdon, 1990, pages 233, ISBN 0-13-629981-4

### Selected Papers

* Amplified Learning pdf A practical guide to applying the "seven intelligences" theory, so that your presentations can be more engaging, effective, and fun.
# West Tegal, Tegal

West Tegal is an administrative district (kecamatan) in the city of Tegal, Central Java, Indonesia with an area of 12.32 km$^2$ and a population of 62,464 at the 2010 Census and 66,924 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at the start of 2024 was 70,386.
# B.L.D.E.A's V.P. Dr. P.G. Halakatti College of Engineering and Technology

B.L.D.E.A's V.P. Dr.P.G.Halakatti College of Engineering and Technology was established by the Bijapur Lingayath District Education Association, Bijapur in the year 1980. It owes its name to Dr. P.G. Halakatti. It offers nine undergraduate programs besides research programs in two disciplines. It is affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) in Belgaum and its undergraduate programs are accredited by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) of the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).

## Introduction

The college is recognized by the AICTE (New Delhi) and approved by the Government of Karnataka. It is recognized as an authorized institute to transfer the technology and courses offered by the joint collaboration of VTU Belgaum. Recently NBA inspection has been done.

## Courses

The institute offers the following undergraduate courses recognized by AICTE, the Government of Karnataka and affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University
Undergraduate Courses
* Electronics and Communication Engineering (1983)
* Information Science and Engineering (2000)
* Computer Science and Engineering (1986)
* Electrical And Electronics Engineering (1980)
* Mechanical Engineering (1980)
* Automobile Engineering (1986)
* Civil Engineering (1980)
* Architecture (1991)
Postgraduate Courses
* Computer Science and Engineering
* Structural Engineering
* Thermal Engineering
* Design Engineering
* Microelectronics and Control system Engineering
It also has M.C.A. and M.B.A. departments.
# Krupski Młyn

Krupski Młyn is a village in Tarnowskie Góry County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krupski Młyn. It lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Tarnowskie Góry and 45 km (28 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.
# 1952 in Scottish television

This is a list of events in Scottish television from 1952.

## Events

* 14 March - BBC One Scotland launches (with a display by the Royal Scottish Country Dance Society), using the Kirk o'Shotts transmitting station.
* 17 August - Main television transmitters at Kirk o'Shotts transmitting station come into service.

## Births

* 12 November - Stuart Cosgrove, journalist, broadcaster and television executive
# Wolinia

Wolinia (German: Wollin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Główczyce, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Główczyce, 37 km (23 mi) north-east of Słupsk, and 76 km (47 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, and in 1648–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## Notable residents

* Georg-Dietrich von Puttkamer (1681-1754), German general

## Transport

* Wolinia railway station
# Jay Clarke

Jay Clarke may refer to:
* Jay Clarke, real name of author Michael Slade
* Jay Clarke, American musician also known as Ash Black Bufflo
* Jay Clarke, real name of English DJ Jodie Harsh
* Jay Clarke (tennis), British tennis player
* Nig Clarke, Jay "Nig" Clarke, baseball player
# Richard G. Gotti

Richard G. Gotti (born November 30, 1967) is an American mobster who is a member of the Gambino crime family. His father is Gambino capo Richard V. Gotti and cousins are capo John A. "Junior" Gotti, former reality television star Victoria Gotti, and Peter Gotti Jr. His uncle was Gambino boss John Gotti.
On November 29, 2001, federal and state agents executed a search warrant on Gotti and seized approximately $12,000 in cash from Gotti's pockets at his home in Valley Stream, New York. On June 5, 2002, Gotti was indicted on racketeering charges. During the trial, Gotti's lawyer claimed that the money came from the preschool run by Gotti and his wife. The government said it was a payoff from a Gambino crew. On March 17, 2003, Gotti was convicted on racketeering charges. He was sent to Ashland Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) in Ashland, Kentucky. He was released on March 2, 2007. In February 2008, Gotti was named as a defendant in the Operation Old Bridge indictments.
On February 22, 2015, he was released from Schuylkill Federal Correctional Institution (FCI) in Minersville, Pennsylvania.
# Jos elämä ois helppoo

"Jos elämä ois helppoo" ("If Life Were Easy") is a Finnish-language song by Finnish pop rock band Haloo Helsinki!. It was released on 6 May 2009 (2009-05-06) by EMI Finland as the lead single from their second studio album Enemmän kuin elää. The song peaked at number 25 on the Official Finnish Download Chart.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Finland Download (Latauslista) | 25 |
# 7th Infantry Division (Thailand)

The 7th Infantry Division (Thai: กองพลทหารราบที่ 7) (พล.ร.๗.) is a mountain infantry division of the Royal Thai Army, it is currently a part of the Third Army Area. The unit is composed of the 7th Infantry Regiment and 17th Infantry Regiment. Normally, Thai infantry can fight the mountain terrain to a certain extent, but with the threat along the border that is a struggle between the ethnic minority and the Burmese government, including drug problems. So, the Royal Thai Army has established a mountain infantry unit specializing in fighting in forest, steep, and hard-to-reach areas to respond to the threats of the border with steep mountain forest terrain.

## History

The 7th Infantry Division was established by the Abhisit government to approve the proposal of the Ministry of Defence. Later, the Army has severing the order 9/54 on 17 March 2011 to establishing the 7th Infantry Division. It located at Fort Chao Khun Nen, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai.

## Organization
### 7th Infantry Division Headquarters

* 7th Infantry Division
** 7th Infantry Regiment
*** 1st Infantry Battalion (Designated as 3rd Army Area Rapid Deployment Force)
*** 2nd Infantry Battalion
*** 5th Infantry Battalion
** 17th Infantry Regiment
*** 2nd Infantry Battalion
*** 3rd Infantry Battalion
*** 4th Infantry Battalion
** 7th Field Artillery Battalion
** 17th Field Artillery Battalion
# Stjepan Srkulj

Stjepan Srkulj (3 December 1869 – 8 September 1951) was a Croatian historian and politician born in Varaždin. Srkulj studied history and earned his doctoral degree from the University of Vienna before working as a high school teacher between 1895 and 1917. He became politically active as a supporter of the Croat-Serb Coalition, the ruling political group in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within Austria-Hungary. He participated in the coalition's work until 1918 after collapse of Austria-Hungary in the final days of the First World War and establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Srkulj contributed to work of the National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, an ad-hoc body working towards dissolution of Austria-Hungary and establishment of a political union of the South Slavs, which materialised as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In that period, from September 1917 until October 1919, Srkulj was the Mayor of Zagreb. Following establishment of the South Slavic state, Srkulj joined the newly formed Croatian Union, joining the party leadership. Srkulj was reelected Mayor of Zagreb in 1928 and remained at the post until 1932, remaining at the post following the introduction of the 6 January Dictatorship in 1929. In 1932, Srkulj became the Minister of construction in the government of Vojislav Marinković, and he kept the post in subsequent governments of prime ministers of Yugoslavia Milan Srškić and Nikola Uzunović until 1934. Srkulj published several papers and books including school history textbooks. In 1937, he published the first comprehensive review of Croatian history in 19 maps.
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska

This is a list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska. There are approximately 400 listed sites in Alaska. Each of the state's 30 boroughs and census areas has at least two listings on the National Register, except for the Kusilvak Census Area, which has none.
Contents: Boroughs and census areas in Alaska Borough names are highlighted in bold :
* Aleutians East • Aleutians West • Anchorage • Bethel • Bristol Bay • Chugach • Copper River • Denali • Dillingham • Fairbanks North Star • Haines • Hoonah–Angoon • Juneau • Kenai Peninsula • Ketchikan Gateway • Kodiak Island • Kusilvak • Lake and Peninsula • Matanuska-Susitna • Nome • North Slope • Northwest Arctic • Petersburg • Prince of Wales–Hyder • Sitka • Skagway • Southeast Fairbanks • Wrangell • Yakutat • Yukon–Koyukuk
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 6, 2024.

## Numbers of listings by borough or census area

The following are approximate tallies of current listings in Alaska on the National Register of Historic Places. These counts are based on entries in the National Register Information Database as of April 24, 2008 and new weekly listings posted since then on the National Register of Historic Places web site. There are frequent additions to the listings and occasional delistings, and the counts here are not official. Also, the counts in this table exclude boundary increase and decrease listings which modify the area covered by an existing property or district and which carry a separate National Register reference number.
| | Borough or Census Area | # of Sites |
| 1 | Aleutians East | 4 |
| 2 | Aleutians West | 15 |
| 3 | Anchorage | 37 |
| 4 | Bethel | 7 |
| 5 | Bristol Bay | 3 |
| 6 | Chugach | 10 |
| 7 | Copper River | 18 |
| 8 | Denali | 22 |
| 9 | Dillingham | 3 |
| 10 | Fairbanks North Star | 33 |
| 11 | Haines | 6 |
| 12 | Hoonah–Angoon | 20 |
| 13 | Juneau | 23 |
| 14 | Kenai Peninsula | 38 |
| 15 | Ketchikan Gateway | 20 |
| 16 | Kodiak Island | 27 |
| 17 | Kusilvak | 0 |
| 18 | Lake and Peninsula | 25 |
| 19 | Matanuska-Susitna | 30 |
| 20 | Nome | 20 |
| 21 | North Slope | 18 |
| 22 | Northwest Arctic | 3 |
| 23 | Petersburg | 4 |
| 24 | Prince of Wales–Hyder | 7 |
| 25 | Sitka | 22 |
| 26 | Skagway | 3 |
| 27 | Southeast Fairbanks | 12 |
| 28 | Wrangell | 4 |
| 29 | Yakutat | 1 |
| 30 | Yukon–Koyukuk | 17 |
| (duplicates) | (duplicates) | (2) |
| TOTAL | TOTAL | 450 |