OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fatima Farheen Mirza

Fatima Farheen Mirza Ahmed (born April 10, 1991) is an American novelist best known for her novel A Place for Us (2018), which was a New York Times Best Seller. She was also honored by the National Book Award Foundation as a "5 Under 35" Honoree in 2020.

## Early life and education

Mirza was born and raised in California. Her parents are both of Indian descent; her mother grew up to a British Indian family in Birmingham, while her father immigrated to the United States from Hyderabad. She grew up in an observant Muslim family. Mirza attended the University of California, Riverside, where she pursued medical studies at first but made a career shift to creative writing as an undergraduate. She later graduated from the Iowa Writers' Workshop and received the Michener-Copernicus Fellowship. She has taught at the University of Iowa and New York University.

## Career

Mirza submitted the book manuscript for her debut novel A Place for Us for publication in 2017. The 400-page novel was the first book to be published by actor Sarah Jessica Parker's new imprint in collaboration with Crown Publishing Group, called SJP for Hogarth. A Place for Us took Mirza eight years to write, and explores the shifting dynamics in a Muslim immigrant family living in the States after having immigrated from Hyderabad, India. The novel was reviewed by the New York Times, the Los Angeles Review of Books, and The Washington Post. The book was a 2018 bestseller, and was named among the best books of 2018 by The Washington Post, Buzzfeed, and People magazine. She has been a guest on a number of podcasts celebrating her writing career such as Riff Raff, Books with Jen, Shalwar Kameez Dreams and Bridge India’s Voices.

## Awards and honors

Mirza was nominated by author Tommy Orange as an honoree for the National Book Award Foundation's 5 under 35.

## Personal life

Mirza married British actor Riz Ahmed in 2020 after meeting at a coffee shop in Brooklyn in 2018.
# Bandringa

Bandringa is an extinct genus of elasmobranch known from the Pennsylvanian subperiod of the Carboniferous period. There is currently a single known species, B. rayi, which constitutes the sole member of the monotypic family Bandringidae. The genus was described in 1969 by paleontologist Rainer Zangerl, and is known from exceptionally preserved individuals found in the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte of Illinois.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype specimen, FMNH PF 5686, is a juvenile individual which was found in an ironstone concretion in Illinois during the summer of 1967. This specimen was found by Ray Bandringa, to whom the genus and species owe their name. By 1979, two species from this genus were described, B. rayi and B. herdinae, but the differences between the two were found to be taphonomic in origin. All Mazon Creek individuals appear to represent juveniles, suggesting the area was a nursery for them. Also supporting this notion are fossilized egg cases found in the same localities, though it is unclear whether they belong to this genus. Adult fossils attributed to B. rayi have also been found in spoil heaps from Five Points coal mines near Conesville, Ohio and Cannelton, Pennsylvania, both of which contain rocks of the Kittaning Formation of the Allegheny Group which were roughly contemporaneous with the Mazon Creek deposits. This material includes a partial skull and complete rostrum which are roughly 16 cm (6.2 in) in length.

## Description

Bandringa was a unique looking fish. The most noticeable part of this elasmobranch is its very long snout, which made up half of its body. The snout looks similar to that seen in the unrelated actinopterygian fish family Polyodontidae (Acipenseriformes). The body of Bandringa had two dorsal fins, a set of three anal fins (5 in total) and a long tapering Heterocercal caudal fin. Bandringa had a long rostrum and may have been analogous to modern sawfish. It appears to have fed via suction feeding, and used its long snout and needle like spines on its cheek for hunting in murky water. Preserved gut contents include articulated arthropods. The holotype specimen is around 11 cm (4.3 in) in total length, but the largest known adult specimen, PU19814 is estimated to be more than five times larger than the holotype. While Bandringa was originally described as an aberrant member of the order Ctenacanthiformes, its relationships to other elasmobranchs is currently unclear.

### Breeding

Bandringa is one of the few fossil fish that has a well studied breeding cycle. Sallan and coauthors in 2014 found that the fish lived a lifestyle that was the opposite of salmon, with the adults living in freshwater areas and the younger ones living in more brackish and saltwater areas, and when fully grown would swim back into the freshwater areas. This makes sense because at the time, the area of Illinois where Bandringa specimens have been found was a diagonally running stream that ran from freshwater to saltwater areas.
# Winscombe railway station

Winscombe railway station was a station on the Bristol and Exeter Railway's Cheddar Valley line in Winscombe, Somerset.
The station was opened as "Woodborough" with the broad gauge line to Cheddar on 3 August 1869 as a single-platform station. It was renamed "Winscombe" on 1 December 1869. The railway was extended to Wells in 1870, converted to standard gauge in the mid-1870s and then linked up to the East Somerset Railway to provide through services from Yatton to Witham in 1878. All the railways involved were absorbed into the Great Western Railway in the 1870s.
Winscombe was originally a small wooden building, unlike the substantial Bristol and Exeter design stone buildings provided for other stations on the line. This was replaced in 1905 with a standard GWR building with a large canopy. The station had "Somerset" added to its name from 12 January 1906.
The station was host to a GWR camp coach from 1935 to 1939. A camping coach was also positioned here by the Western Region from 1952 to 1960.
The Yatton to Witham line closed to passengers in September 1963 and Yatton-Cheddar closed to goods in October 1964. Winscombe station was demolished, but in recent years the platform has been reinstated with GWR seats and railings as a feature on the Cheddar Valley Railway Walk.

## Services

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Sandford and Banwell Line and station closed | Cheddar Valley Railway Great Western Railway | Axbridge Line and station closed |
# The Form of Apology and Satisfaction

The Form of Apology and Satisfaction of 1604 was a document drawn up by a House of Commons committee protesting against King James I's handling of recent political issues.
For a variety of reasons King James I had upset many in the House of Commons in his first parliament. These included issues over the Court of Chancery's decision to deny Sir Francis Goodwin's place in the Commons, the imprisonment of Sir Thomas Shirley and his brother Sir Anthony Shirley, and the Bishop of Bristol's book favouring the King's ideas on a union between England and Scotland. The document claimed that James, a foreign king, was ignorant of the Commons' "privileges and liberties" that, the document purported, were their "right and due inheritance, no less than our very lands and goods."
A Commons' committee of more than seventy members was appointed on 1 June, on Sir Thomas Ridgeway's suggestion, to "take a survey of all the Acts and proceedings of the House, which have been excepted unto, or whereof any misinformation hath been given unto his Majesty, from the beginning of the session..." Approximately a fortnight later the committee had drawn up the document "to be presented to his Majesty" and on 20 June Ridgeway presented the draft to the Commons. Francis Bacon, who was a member of the committee, spoke against it. The document met opposition in the Commons, including committee members, and many doubted whether it was wise to present it to the King due to its tone and its claims. Parliament was prorogued on 7 July and the document was not debated again. The clerk requested to transcribe proceedings into the Commons' Journal and copied the document for half a page and left several sheets blank without completing it. The document was never passed by the Commons and therefore would not have been formally presented to the King.

## Historiography

Early historians who wrote about this period, like Thomas Carte and David Hume, do not mention this document. In the nineteenth century Whig historians Henry Hallam and Samuel Rawson Gardiner claimed this document was a precursor of the battles between Charles I and Parliament and that from this point onwards the Commons was in near constant conflict with the monarchy until the Glorious Revolution of 1688 settled the conflict over the constitution. Geoffrey Rudolph Elton in 1965 criticised this traditional interpretation of the document by claiming that its viewpoints represented a minority opinion which was rejected by the Commons as being too extreme and that the constitution was much the same as it was under the Tudors.
# Kashmiri Wikipedia

The Kashmiri Wikipedia (کٲشُر وِکیٖپیٖڈیا) is the Kashmiri language edition of Wikipedia. It was launched in 2004. On 29 November 2021, it crossed the 1,000 articles milestone. As of December 2024, it has 5,996 articles and 11,854 registered users and it is the 207th largest edition of Wikipedia by article count.

## History

Kashmiri Wikipedia was started in 2004. The first edit was done on 25 March 2004 by an anonymous user who added Kashmir letters to Main page. This date is also celebrated as the Birthday of Kashmiri Wikipedia.

## Users and editors

Kashmiri Wikipedia statistics :
| Number of user accounts | Number of articles | Number of files | Number of administrators |
| 11854 | 5996 | 13 | 2 |
# Anfillo (woreda)

Anfillo is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Kelem Welega Zone, Anfillo is bordered on the southwest by the Gambela Region, on the north by Jimma Gidami, on the northeast by Yemalogi Welele, and on the east by Sayo. The major town in Anfillo is Mugi.
Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda. Over 50 square kilometers are planted with this crop.

## Demographics

The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 77,156, of whom 39,486 were men and 37,670 were women; 7,853 or 10.18% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants were Protestants, with 63.74% reporting that as their religion, while 26.52% observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 8.84% observed Islam.
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 78,777, of whom 38,907 are men and 39,870 are women; 8,795 or 11.16% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 10.9%. With an estimated area of 1,586.25 square kilometers, Anfillo has an estimated population density of 49.7 people per square kilometer, which is less than the Zone average of 91.7.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 55,847 in 10,254 households, of whom 28,312 were men and 27,535 were women; 4,908 or 8.79% of its population were urban dwellers. The three largest ethnic groups reported in Anfillo were the Oromo (89.66%), the Amhara (4.6%), and the Mao people (4.46%) otherwise known as the Anfillo; all other ethnic groups made up 1.28% of the population. Oromiffa was spoken as a first language by 95.41%, 2.92% Amharic, and 0.64% speak Mao one of the northern group of Omotic languages; the remaining 1.03% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 58.47% reporting that as their religion, while 31.4% were Protestant, and 9.7% Muslim.
# Terekeka

Terekeka is a community in Central Equatoria, South Sudan. It is the headquarters of Terekeka County.
Terekeka town lies on the western bank of the Nile, 53 miles north of Juba town. It is almost the capital of the Mundari people also known as the Mondari or Mandari.
Terekeka is the birthplace of Clement Wani Konga, who was governor of Central Equatoria state from 2004 to 2015.
# Epitaph (God Is an Astronaut album)

Epitaph is the eighth studio album by Irish post-rock band God Is An Astronaut. It was released through Napalm Records on April 27, 2018. It is the final album to feature keyboardist Jamie Dean, who left the band in 2017 to pursue his own music and projects.

## Themes

Epitaph's theme is death, inspired by the passing of the 7-year-old cousin of Torsten and Niels Kinsella. Oisín, the record's final track, was written on the day they received the news of the child's death.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Hardwired | |
| Sputnikmusic | 3.8/5 |
| Exclaim! | |
Upon release the album received generally positive reviews among critics. Jadranka Balaš of Hardwired Magazine wrote that Epitaph, "is a heavy, dark record, filled with sorrow and melancholy, at least in major parts. One of those who leaves you drained, but somehow with ease because you’ve released all those feelings out of you." Max Morin of Exclaim! stated in his review that the band have, "... yet to top All Is Violent, All Is Bright, but Epitaph is the closest they've come yet."

## Personnel
### God Is An Astronaut

* Torsten Kinsella - guitars, keyboards, vocals, programming
* Niels Kinsella - bass
* Lloyd Hanney - drums

### Production

* God Is An Astronaut - Production and mixing
* Xenon Field - Post Production and programming
* Tim Young - Mastering
* Fursy Teyssier - Artwork

### Additional musicians

* Jimmy Scanlon - Additional Guitar on all songs except "Oisín"
* Jamie Dean - Additional Piano/Keys on "Epitaph", "Mortal Coil", and "Winter Dusk/Awakening"
* Brian Harris - Additional Guitar on "Mortal Coil"
# Wallowa

Wallowa may refer to:

## Places

* Wallowa, Oregon
* Wallowa County, Oregon
* Wallowa Lake
* Wallowa Lake State Park
* Wallowa Mountains
* Wallowa River

## Other

* Acacia calamifolia, a shrub or tree
* Acacia euthycarpa, a shrub or tree
* The Wallowa, the original name of the tugboat Arthur Foss
* The Wallowa band of the Nez Perce
# Track gauge in Slovakia

Rail gauge in Slovakia. The track gauge for most lines in Slovakia is the international standard gauge of 1,435 mm(.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}4 ft 8+1⁄2 in).

## Russian gauge – 1520 mm

Two lines connecting to Ukraine are "Russian broad gauge", 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in):
* Uzhhorod–Košice broad-gauge track (Užhorod–Maťovce–Haniska pri Košiciach),
* Čop–Dobrá pri Čiernej nad Tisou.
On 25 November 2008, a tripartite memorandum of understanding was signed between Russia, Ukraine, and Slovakia on the construction of a broad-gauge line to the Austrian border. On 30 April 2009, Austrian chancellor Werner Faymann announced that his government politically supports the construction of a broad-gauge line from the Austro-Slovak border to Vienna. In November 2010, the Slovak Prime Minister Iveta Radičová announced the Slovak government will not support the project, as it threatens the Slovak workplaces in the Dobrá bulk terminal, which would be unnecessary after the completion of the project.

## Metre gauge – 1000 mm

* Tatra Electrical Railways / Tatranské elektrické železnice (TEŽ) – 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
** Poprad-Tatry–Starý Smokovec–Štrbské Pleso
** Tatranská Lomnica–Starý Smokovec
** Štrbské Pleso–Štrba rack railway
* Košice Children's Heritage Railway / Košická detská historická železnica (KDHŽ) – 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
** Čermeľ–Alpínka

## Bosnian gauge – 760 mm

* Trenčianske Teplice' Electrical Railway / Trenčianskoteplická elektrická železnica (TREŽ) – 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
** Trenčianske Teplice–Trenčianska Teplá
* Čierny Hron River Railway / Čiernohronská železnica (ČHŽ) – 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
** Vydrovo dolina–Čierny Balog–Hronec–Chvatimech
* Orava-Kysuce Forrest Railway / Oravsko-kysucká lesná železnica (OKLŽ or HLÚŽ) – 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
* Agricultural Museum Railway in Nitra – 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
* Váh' River Forrest Railway / Považská lesná železnica (PLŽ) – 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
** Pribylina
# Memari

Memari is a town and a municipality in Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## Geography
### Location

Memari is located at 23°12′N 88°07′E﻿ / ﻿23.2°N 88.12°E﻿ / 23.2; 88.12. It has an average elevation of 25 metres (82 feet).

### Urbanisation

95.54% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar South subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 4.46% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the lowest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Bardhaman district. The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

### Police station

Memari police station has jurisdiction over Memari municipal area, and Memari I and Memari II CD blocks. The area covered is 429.36 km$^2$.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India Memari had a total population of 41,451, of which 20,957 (51%) were males and 20,494 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 3,809.
As of 2001 India census, Memari had a population of 36,191. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Memari has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 63%. In Memari, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Education

* Memari College was established at Memari in 1981.
* Memari Government Polytechnic was established at Memari in 2017.
Memari has thirteen primary, and six higher secondary schools. Memari Vidyasagar memorial Institution (unit-1) & (unit-2) are the higher secondary schools, established in 1892. Memari Rasiklal Smriti Balika Vidyalaya school for girls. Memari al-amin Mission, Memari High Madrassa, Memari Jamiya Islamiya are the three major high schools.

## Transport

Memari railway station is situated on the Howrah-Bardhaman main line 82 kilometres (51 mi) from Howrah Station.
SH 13/ GT Road, SH 15 passes through Memari.
Memari is a bus stop for many Express, Local buses are available from here. Buses bound Asansol, Bardhaman, Chuchura, Durgapur, Krishnanagar, Katwa, Nabadwip, Tarakeswar, Salar are available.
# Olympic trials

Olympic trials are competitions held in certain sports to select teams' participants in those sports at the Olympic Games.

## History

Before 1908, members of United States Olympic teams were selected without trials. The 1908 and 1912 teams were selected based on regional trials, though the Eastern trials were favored. In the United States, no Olympic trials were held in 1916 due to World War I, nor in 1940 and 1944 due to World War II, though Olympic marathon team members were named in 1940.

## List

Olympic trials include:
* Australian Olympic trials
** 2019 Australian World Swimming Trials
** 2021 Australian Swimming Trials
** 2024 Australian Swimming Trials
* British Olympic trials
** 2000 AAA Championships
** 2021 British Athletics Marathon and 20 km Walk Trial
* Canadian Olympic trials
** Canadian Olympic Curling Trials
* Japanese Olympic trials
** 2017 Japanese Olympic curling trials
** 2021 Japanese Olympic mixed doubles curling trials
** 2021 Japanese Olympic curling trials
* Kenyan Olympic trials
** 2016 Athletics Kenya Olympic Trials
** 2024 Athletics Kenya Olympic Trials
* Russian Olympic trials
** 2017 Russian Olympic curling trials
** 2021 Russian Olympic mixed doubles curling trials
* Swiss Olympic trials
** 2009 Swiss Olympic curling trials
** 2017 Swiss Olympic curling trials
** 2021 Swiss Olympic curling trials
* United States Olympic trials
# Schauplatzgasse

The Schauplatzgasse is one of the streets in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland. It is part of the Äussere Neustadt which was built during the third expansion from 1344 to 1346. It runs from Bundesplatz in front of the Bundeshaus to Bubenbergplatz and is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City.

## History

The street is first mentioned in 1347 as Schoulanzgasse, after a local noble family. After the Schoulant family died out, the street was known by a number of different names. The current name is first mentioned in 1732.
# Nydeggstalden

The Nydeggstalden is one of the streets in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland. It is part of the Nydegg which was part of the medieval industrial section of Bern. It is a semi-circular road running from Gerechtigkeitsgasse toward the Aare river and the Untertorbrücke (German: Lower Gate bridge). It is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City.

## History

Originally Nydeggstalden was the eastern route from the Aare to Gerechtigkeitsgasse. In 1759 the road was smoothed and repaired. In 1956/58 the Schattseitigen (Shadow or southern side) of the street was rebuilt under the direction of H. Weiss.
# Dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve

Dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve are branches on the dorsum of the hand.
They run with the dorsal digital arteries.
# Zähringerbrunnen

The Zähringerbrunnen (Zähringen Fountain) is a fountain on Kramgasse in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland. It is a Swiss Cultural Property of National Significance and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Bern.

## History

The Zähringerbrunnen was built in 1535 as a memorial to the founder of Bern, Berchtold von Zähringer. The statue is a bear in full armor, with another bear cub at his feet. The bear represents the bear that, according to legend, Berchtold shot on the Aare peninsula as he was searching for a site to build a city. The armored bear carries a shield and a banner, both emblazoned with the Zähringen lion.
The basin below the fountain bore the date 1542 until 1889 when the entire basin was replaced. At the same time the column and figure were repainted. The old basin was octagonal. On one face it had the inscription Protege Nos Domine and on another Soli Deo Gloria. Another face had the date 1542 in Roman numerals and the fourth had an inscription that was unreadable in the 19th century. The current basin is an exact replica of the Pfeiferbrunnen's basin.