OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# International Festival of the Sahara

The International Festival of the Sahara is an annual festival held in Douz, Tunisia.

## History

The festival, called the Camel festival, began in 1910 when Tunisia was under French rule. In 1967 it took on its modern identity according to the will of Habib Bourguiba, Tunisia's first president of the new republic, to become the country's oldest and best-known festival. M'hammed Marzougui, who dedicated his life to make people aware of and appreciate nomadic way of life and traditions, was mainly responsible for the festival's foundation. Since then, every year at the end of December for four days, thousands of people, mostly from all over Tunisia and other Maghrebien countries, flock to Douz.

## The festival

After the opening ceremony, the main events take place in the H'naiech stadium in front of the desert surrounded by Bedouin tents. Camel marathons, fantasia- galloping Arab horses ridden by daring riders, a Bedouin marriage, sloughi desert hunting dogs - catching rabbits are the principal features.
In the evening, groups from visiting countries perform songs and dances. The central event is the poetry contest run by the desert poet, Abdellatif Belgacem.
The festival has become an important media and touristic event followed by cameramen and journalists from all over the world.
# Elizabeth Saunders

Elizabeth Saunders, née Brown, is a British-Canadian actress. She is best known for her role as the voice of Mrs Turtle in the Canadian animated series Franklin (1997-2004) and for playing Donna in the American television series From (2022). She is credited for more than 60 acting roles including in The Boondock Saints (1999), Slings & Arrows (2005), It (2017), Alias Grace (2017), When Hope Calls (2019) and Clarice (2021). She is also the voice of Mailperson Mary on Henry's World.
She received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Program or Series at the 8th Canadian Screen Awards in 2020 for an appearance in Mary Kills People, and won an ACTRA Award in 2024 for her performance in the short film SmokeBreak.
# Cueva del Fantasma

Cueva de El Fantasma (in Spanish, "Cave of The Phantom" after the comic book character) is a giant cave in southern Venezuela, located in one of the most biologically rich, geologically ancient parts of the world, along the slopes of Aprada-tepui. Large enough for two helicopters to land in the cave, the report from Zootaxa is said to be the first photographic evidence of such an immense cave. However, experts note, it is not technically a cave, but rather a collapsed, steep gorge.
# London Buses route 8

London Buses route 8 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Bow Church and Tottenham Court Road station, it is operated by Stagecoach London.

## History

On 2 November 1908, the bus route number 8 was allocated to a previously un-numbered route operating between the Bush Hotel in Shepherd's Bush and Seven Kings High Road in Ilford. On 20 June 1912, routes 8 and 25 exchanged eastern ends at Bank, so that from then on route 8 operated between Willesden and Old Ford. This situation continued, apart from various westward extensions of the route to Wembley and Alperton, until 18 July 1992. At that time route 8 again was re-routed over route 25, and now operated from Victoria bus station to Bow Church via Old Ford, the same routing as the 1912 version of route 25. The western end of the route beyond Bond Street became 98.
On 3 January 1933, AEC Regent STL buses were used from Clay Hall garage. In May 1949, Leyland Titan RTWs were introduced on route 8. In January 1958, the third prototype AEC Routemaster began operation on route 8 between Willesdan and Old Ford. On 6 June 1959, the first three production Routemasters to enter service in London (RM5, RM7 and RM24) debuted on route 8 from Willesden garage.
On 27 June 2009, route 8 was curtailed west of Oxford Circus. Route C2 was extended to Victoria station as a replacement. The changes were part of Transport for London's commitment to the Mayor of London to reduce the bus flow in Oxford Street by 10% in each of 2009 and 2010.
Stagecoach London has successfully retained route 8 with new contracts starting on 26 June 2004, 27 June 2009 and 28 June 2014.
New Routemasters were introduced on 28 June 2014. The rear platform remains closed at all times except for when the bus is at bus stops.
In August 2019, the middle and rear doors on New Routemasters on route 8 became exit only with passengers only able to board through the front door.

## Current route

Route 8 operates via these primary locations:
* Bow Church
* Old Ford
* Bethnal Green station
* Shoreditch High Street
* Liverpool Street station
* Bank station
* St Paul's station
* City Thameslink station
* Holborn Circus
* Chancery Lane station
* Holborn station
* Tottenham Court Road
# Quinzaine

Quinzaine (French:) is a word of French origin, which roughly translates as 'fifteen or so' in English. A quinzaine is to 'fifteen' as a dozen is to 'twelve', and a trental is to 'thirty'. It has various contexts of use in English.
The word quinzaine is used in French to indicate a two-week period, just like huit jours indicates a one week period in France, even though two weeks consists of 14 days and one week of 7 days. It is an old habit to add the current day as to say "in two weeks plus today". The English equivalent is fortnight, which means 'fourteen days' or 'a period of two weeks'.

## Quinzaine (poetic form)

A Quinzaine is an unrhymed verse of fifteen syllables. The word comes from the French word quinze, meaning fifteen. The syllables are distributed over three lines so that there are seven syllables in the first line, five in the second line, and three in the third line (7/5/3). The first line makes a statement. The next two lines ask a question relating to that statement.

### Examples

I would like to drive my car Can you drive a car?
Are you fast?
I'm a Wikipedian. Why do I do it? Anyone?

## Quinzaine (date calculation)

Quinzaine is a term used in the medieval and ecclesiastical calculation of a date, working from a given Feast day of the Calendar. The quinzaine of a feast is a day fifteen days after the feast, counting both the day of the feast itself and the day calculated. It is a variant of the term Quindene: it is used in the same way that Octave is used to signify eight days (one week, counting in the initial feast).

### Example

'The quinzaine of the Nativity of St John the Baptist.'
The Nativity of St. John the Baptist is 24 June. June has 30 days: the quinzaine is therefore 8 July.

## Parliamentary

In England the Quinzaine was used to refer to a period during which parliament met according to a Writ of Summons by the King. A specific example would be 1257 parliamentum for which the Rolls were latterly destroyed, probably by fire in the 19th or 20th century. Its significance lay in the Charters used to confirm parliament's right to sit and be summoned at a specific date. Parliamntum or parliamentum generalissimum could be called every quarter, that coincided with Hilary, Easter, Trinity and Michaelmas terms, which also happened to be the legal terms for the Inns of Courts in Westminster and London. The quaint term of quindene was also used.
# Andrew Jonathan Mitchell

Andrew Jonathan Mitchell CMG (born 7 March 1967) is a British ambassador and civil servant. From 4 September 2024, he has served as the British ambassador to Germany.

## Career

Mitchell joined the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1991, serving in Bonn and Kathmandu as well as in the UK. He was appointed British Ambassador to Sweden in 2007, serving for four years.
Returning to the UK, Mitchell was the Foreign Office's director for the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics, and thence for prosperity for three years until 2014. He then moved to the private sector, working as international director for M-Integrated Solutions for three years from 2015, before returning to government in 2018 as HM Trade Commissioner for Europe.
In 2020, Mitchell moved to the Department for International Trade as director-general overseeing "markets and supply chains", from 2021 "exports and UK trade", and from 2023 "domestic and international markets and exports" in the renamed Department for Business and Trade.

## Personal life

Mitchell studied Modern Languages at The Queen’s College, Oxford.
He is married with three children. He speaks English, German, French, Spanish and Swedish.

## Honours

Mitchell was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in New Year Honours for 2013, "for services to London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games".
# Cody Caves Provincial Park

Cody Caves Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It was formed in July 1966 to protect the Cody Caves and was the first subterranean park in British Columbia. The park is 13 km (8.1 mi) by road, northwest from the hot springs community of Ainsworth Hot Springs on Kootenay Lake.
# Hondurans in New Orleans

As of 2014, the New Orleans metropolitan area has the largest Honduran American community in the United States. As of that year, over 103,049 persons of Honduran origin reside in the New Orleans area.

## History

The Honduran community originates from the operations of banana and fruit companies such as Standard Fruit Co. and United Fruit Co., which produced bananas in Honduras and had their corporate headquarters in New Orleans. These operations began in the late 1800s. In time many wealthier Hondurans who desired education and healthcare would move to New Orleans. Prior to Hurricane Katrina, there were over 100,000 Hondurans, making up 10% of the total population, in the New Orleans area. Around the 1950s a settlement of Hondurans was in New Orleans. In the 1960s the first large wave of Hondurans, many of whom moved to the centrally-located Garden District, came to New Orleans to escape late 1950s floods, fruit company strikes, and military coups which resulted in the instability of Honduras's economy and political system. The population shifted to the suburbs as it matured. By 2000 Hondurans made up 24% of the 64,340 people of Hispanic origin in the four parishes of the U.S. government-defined New Orleans area.
Within a year of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, over 10,000 Hondurans and Mexicans moved to New Orleans to do work rebuilding the city. At the time the George W. Bush administration suspended some labor laws on a temporary basis, and several federal contractors aired Spanish-language television advertisements promising work to the illegal immigrants without the possibility of deportation. By 2014 several of the immigrants were criticizing officials who were trying to deport them.
By 2014 many Honduran children fleeing crime and violence in their native country were resettled in New Orleans.

## Institutions

The government of Honduras maintains a consulate general in New Orleans. It is planning to establish a Honduran association to protect the interests of Hondurans residing in the city.

## Commerce

As of 2014 and since Katrina many Hondurans in New Orleans operate mobile food trucks and restaurants.

## Education

In the 2014-2015 school year Jefferson Parish Public Schools had 48,126 students, 1,467 students (3%) higher than the enrollment of the previous school year. There were a total of 5,634 English Language Learners (ELL) students as part of the overall student enrollment for 2014-2015, and that had increased by about 1,200 (28%). Most of the additional students for 2014-2015 were Hispanic, and of them, most were Honduran. According to ELL director Karina Castillo the East Bank had more of the new students than the West Bank.
# Actinia bermudensis

Actinia bermudensis, the red, maroon or stinging anemone, is a species of sea anemone in the family Actiniidae.

## Description

Actinia bermudensis attaches itself to a rock surface by its pedal disc, which can reach 4 centimetres in width. The column is narrower at the top than the base and can reach 5 centimetres in height. Near the top is a ring of bulges called acrorhagi which contain many cnidocytes. The oral disc has a central mouth and two irregular whorls of 96 to 140 short, retractable, tapering tentacles which are armed with cnidocytes. The general colour of the anemone is dark red or maroon.

## Distribution and habitat

Actinia bermudensis occurs in the West Indies, Bermuda and northern Florida, Greece, Caribian pool, west Atlantica and there is a further, isolated population off Brazil. It is found in the intertidal and the sublittoral zone. It is usually found near the base of rock walls, under overhangs, in caves, in crevices and under boulders.

## Biology

The acrorhagi of Actinia bermudensis are used to discourage other individuals from moving into the anemone's territory. Intruding anemones are not normally killed but usually retire to a safer place.
Actinia bermudensis is an omnivore. The main items of prey are gastropods, isopods and small bivalves. Other food items may include other marine invertebrates and algae.
Many sea anemones form a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae. Actinia bermudensis often contains these flagellate protozoa living within its tissues but they are of a non-photosynthetic species. It is doubtful whether this should be called symbiosis as the anemone does not seem to derive any benefit from the arrangement. At times of food scarcity, however, the anemone may consume the zooxanthellae.
Reproduction can take place by fission, the anemone splitting in half longitudinally. The offspring are clones of the parent and genetically identical. Alternatively, sexual reproduction occurs, with internal fertilisation. In this case the juvenile sea anemones are brooded by the parent in the gastrovascular cavity until they have grown sufficiently large to be liberated into the water column. There are ten times as many females among these brooded young as there are males. Another method of reproduction is a form of parthenogenesis with the young being brooded internally.
# Vyalova cave

Vyalova Cave (пещера Вялова) is a cave in a lower plateau of the Chatyrdag mountain, Crimea. It also has an 'old' name: Togerik-Alan-Hosar (Тогерик-Алан-Хосар).
The cave has a vertical entrance of 31 m (102 ft) depth, which gradually, at a depth about 16 m (52 ft), transforms into a steep, almost vertical, shaft. The total depth of the cave is 124 m (407 ft). It belongs to the Vyalova Cave system.
The cave is named after Russian speleologist Vyalov.

## Vyalova Cave system

Vyalova Caves system is a system of three caves that are located on a lower plateau of the Chatyrdag mountain, Crimea.
The system consists of three caves (has three entrances): Uchunzhu Cave, Vyalova Cave and Obval'naya Cave (or Landslip Cave, Crimea).
# Frederick Roberts

Frederick or Fred Roberts may refer to:

## Military

* Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts (1832–1914), British Army field marshal and Victoria Cross recipient
* Frederick Roberts (British Army officer, born 1872) (1872–1899), British Army officer and Victoria Cross recipient, son of the above
* Fred Roberts, British soldier and editor of the First World War trench newspaper The Wipers Times
* Fred Roberts (RAF officer) (1913–1996), British Royal Air Force officer and cricketer

## Politics

* Frederick Roberts (British politician) (1876–1941), British Labour Party Member of Parliament, 1918–1931, 1935–1941
* Frederick Madison Roberts (1879–1952), first African-American elected to the California State Assembly

## Sports
### Cricket

* Frederick Roberts (cricketer, born 1848) (1848–1903), English cricketer for Surrey
* Frederick G. Roberts (1862–1936), English cricketer for Gloucestershire
* Frederick Roberts (Somerset cricketer) (1881–?), English cricketer for Somerset

### Other sports

* Fred Roberts (baseball) (1873–?), American baseball player
* Fred Roberts (American football coach) (1875–1959), American football coach of the Oklahoma Sooners
* Fred Roberts (rugby union) (1881–1956), New Zealand rugby union footballer for The Original All Blacks
* Fred Roberts (footballer, born 1905) (1905–1988), Northern Irish footballer
* Fred Roberts (American football guard) (1907–1982), American football player for Iowa Hawkeyes and Portsmouth Spartans
* Fred Roberts (footballer, born 1909) (1909–1979), English football forward for Birmingham and Luton Town
* Fred Roberts (born 1960), American basketball player

## Others

* Fred C. Roberts (1862–1894), English physician and medical missionary
* Fred S. Roberts (born 1943), American mathematician
# Who's Gonna Take the Weight?

Who's Gonna Take the Weight? may refer to:
* "Who's Gonna Take the Weight?" (Luke Cage), a television episode from the first season of Luke Cage
* "Who's Gonna Take the Weight", a song by Kool & the Gang on the album Live at the Sex Machine, 1971
* "Who's Gonna Take the Weight?", a song by Gang Starr on the album Step in the Arena, 1990
* "Who's Gonna Take the Weight?", a song by Groove Terminator on the album Road Kill, 2000
* Who's Gonna Take the Weight?, a book by Kevin Powell, 2002
# Claire Pettibone

Claire Pettibone (born May 23, 1967) is an American fashion designer, known for her couture wedding gowns.

## Life and career

Pettibone was born on May 23, 1967, in Los Angeles, California, United States. In 1993, Pettibone partnered with her husband, Guy Toley, to form the brand "body & soul". Their debut lingerie collection was carried in Nordstrom stores nationwide. Pettibone's collections have also been carried by Neiman Marcus, Saks Fifth Avenue, among other stores.
In 2005, Pettibone launched a couture Bridal Gown collection that appeared on the cover of Women's Wear Daily. In 2012, a gown designed by Pettibone was worn by Priscilla Chan at her wedding to Mark Zuckerberg. Shortly afterwards, Una Healy of the girl group The Saturdays wore one of Pettibone's dresses at her wedding.

## Retail

In 2001, the Claire Pettibone Flagship Salon opened in Beverly Hills. Pettibone began designing wedding and red carpet gowns for clients including Cameron Diaz, Courteney Cox Arquette, Leona Lewis, Elisabeth Moss, Katie Melua, Jennie Garth, Nikki Reed and Missi Pyle.
After 12 years in Beverly Hills, the store moved to the Heinsbergen Building on Beverly Boulevard in 2013.
# Nabil Kochaji

Nabil Kochaji (born April 19, 1975) is a Syrian author, novelist, medical researcher and academic.

## Education and career

Nabil started his career as a dentist after graduating in 1997 from the faculty of dentistry in the Damascus University. After graduation, he pursued a masters in medical and pharmaceutical research from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Faculteit van de Geneeskude en Farmacie before finally achieving a PhD in Dental Sciences at the same University in 2005. He is currently a full professor at the faculty of Dentistry in the Damascus University. In the academic year of 2016–2017, he was assigned to the position of Founding Dean, Faculty of Dentistry at Al-Sham Private University.
He was awarded Senior Robert-Frank award from the International Association for Dental research (IADR), 2005, Title of abstract: the Possible role of Myoepithelial Cells in Salivary Glands Pathogenesis.
In September 2017, he was the first to describe the "Peri-Implant Cyst" in his article: Inflammatory odontogenic cyst on an osseointegrated implant: A peri-implant cyst? New entity proposed, published in Dental and Medical Problems 54(3):303-306.

## Medical works

* Clinical Oral Pathology, Kochaji`s Guide to Oral Lesions and Biopsies (2024) Springer publishers

## Literary works

* A Journey to Mars (2014) (Arabic Rehla ela al Mareekh رحلة الى المريخ ) Available in dual language
* I Know Who Killed Me (2016) (Arabic Ana A`rifo Man Katalani أنا أعرف من قتلني)
* Silicon Valley (2019) (Arabic wadi al-silicon وادي السيلكون)

## Translations

Aside from his medical research, Kochaji has translated some medical texts through ELSEVIER publishers, including:
* Ten Cate's Oral Histology
* Forensic Dental Evidence second edition (Bilingual Book, English- Arabic)
* Cawson's Essentials of Oral Pathology and Medicine
* Forensic Dental Evidence
# Ransom Stephens

Ransom Stephens is an American scientist and author.

## Professional life

As a particle physicist, Ransom Stephens worked on experiments at SLAC, Fermilab (DØ), CERN (ATLAS), and Cornell (CLEO), discovered a new type of matter, and worked on the team that discovered the Top quark. During the tech boom that ended in 2001, he directed patent development for a wireless web startup, and later became an expert on timing noise. His specialty at this time was the analysis of electrodynamics in high-rate digital systems.
His novel, The God Patent, makes use of Stephens's experience as a physicist, patent director, public speaker and single father. The novel includes a character loosely based on the physicist Emmy Noether.

## Works

* The God Patent. Numina Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-9842600-0-3.
* The Sensory Deception. 47North. 2013. ISBN 978-1611099195.
* The Left Brain Speaks, the Right Brain Laughs: A Look at the Neuroscience of Innovation & Creativity in Art, Science & Life. Viva Editions. 2020. ISBN 978-1632280466.
# Down the Wind

Down the Wind is a 1975 Australian film which marked the directorial debut of Scott Hicks. He made it shortly after graduating from university.

## Plot

Photographer Simon Jess is given an assignment to shoot backgrounds in the Snowy Mountains.

## Cast

* David Cameron as Simon Jess
* Penne Hackforth-Jones as Sara
* Ross Thompson as Tom
* Christina Mackay as Tina
* Rod Mullinar as Reg

## Production

The film was the second of two joint projects between Hicks and Kim McKenzie. They had previously made The Wanderer (1974) together.
The budget was mostly provided by the Film, Television and Radio Board of the Australian Council.

## Release

Screenings of the film were minimal.
# H. M. Rowe

Dr. Harry Marc Rowe (1861–1926) was an American businessman in Baltimore, Maryland.
Rowe's career started in teaching. He advanced to become the president of Curry College in Pittsburgh. He left to become an early practicing accountant. In 1897 he became president of Eastern Commercial Teachers' Association. Rowe and Warren Sadler started a business in Baltimore publishing a practical accounting text in workbook format. The Sadler-Rowe Company was under Rowe's control in 1907, and renamed to the H.M. Rowe Company in 1911.
Rowe operated the De Kol Farm dairy outside of Baltimore. He also owned a large frame house on Johnnycake Road in Catonsville, that burned down on March 23, 1912, but was well insured. Shortly afterward in 1913, Rowe constructed a $20,000 mausoleum in Woodlawn Cemetery.
Rowe was an executive of the American Automobile Association, becoming its president from 1916 to 1918 promoting road construction to Congress.
Rowe partnered with A.T. Carozza on lucrative road building and public works contracts in Maryland, forming Carozza-Rowe Construction. In 1926, Carozza mortgaged his Ingleside estate to Rowe and again to Addison E. Mullikin. The same year, Rowe's son killed his father with a crowbar, stabbed his sister, pushed his mother into a fire, and was found dead in the Severn River soon afterward.
# Tschagguns

Tschagguns is a village in the Montafon valley, Bludenz district in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Tschagguns offers skiing with its own ski resort called Golm. Tschagguns offers hiking, mountain biking, winter sports and much more. Gauertal is a valley found in Tschagguns between Mittagspitze and Golm. It is famous for the "3 Türme" which means 3 Towers.

## Sons and daughters of the place

* Werner Bleiner (born 1946), ski racer
* Christian Orlainsky (born 1962), ski racer

## Persons with reference to the place

* Georg Friedrich Haas (born 1953 in Graz), composer, has grown up in Tschagguns

## Honorary citizen

* Arnold Durig (1872-1961), physiologist

## Transport

Tschagguns railway station is located on the Bludenz–Schruns railway line. The station is called at by the S4 regional train service of Vorarlberg S-Bahn, operated by Montafonerbahn (MBS).