# Parliament of Uganda

The Parliament of Uganda is the country's unicameral legislative body. The most significant of the Ugandan parliament's functions is to pass laws that will provide good governance in the country. The government ministers are bound to answer to the people's representatives on the floor of the house. Through the various parliamentary committees, parliament scrutinises government programmes, particularly as outlined in the State of the Nation address by the president. The fiscal issues of the government, such as taxation and loans need the sanction of the parliament, after appropriate debate. Parliament must confirm some Presidential nominations and may force a Minister to resign by passing a motion of censure.

## Composition

The 11th Parliament (2021–2026) has a total of 557 seats, including 353 representatives elected using first-past-the-post voting in single winner constituencies. Using the same method, 146 seats reserved for women are filled, with one seat per district. Finally, 30 seats are indirectly filled via special electoral colleges: 10 by the army, 5 by youths, 5 by elders, 5 by unions, 5 by people with disabilities and 28 Ex Officio Members. In each of these groups, at least one woman must be elected (at least two for the army group).
In 2016, it was composed of 288 constituency representatives, 121 district woman representatives, ten Uganda People's Defence Force representatives, five representatives of the youth, five representatives of persons with disabilities, five representatives of workers, and seventeen ex officio members.

## History

The Ugandan parliament was established in 1962, soon after the country's independence.

### First Parliament (1962–1963)

This body was then known as the National Assembly. It had 92 members and was presided over, as speaker, by Sir John Bowes Griffin, a British lawyer and former Ugandan Chief Justice.

### Second Parliament (1963–1971)

During this period, Prime Minister Milton Obote abrogated the constitution and declared himself President of Uganda in 1966. This parliament also witnessed the abolition of Uganda's traditional kingdoms and the declaration of Uganda as a republic. This decision was impacted by the legal council of Member of Parliament A. G. Mehta following the Ugandan Constitutional Conference in which Uganda became an independent nation. The speaker during the Second Parliament was Narendra M. Patel, a Ugandan of Indian descent. This parliament ended when Idi Amin overthrew Milton Obote's government in January 1971.

### Third Parliament (1979–1980)

Following the overthrow of Idi Amin in April 1979, a new legislative body known as the Uganda Legislative Council was established. With an initial membership of 30, the membership was later increased to 120. This was the Third Parliament and was chaired by Edward Rugumayo. This legislative body continued to function until the general elections of December 1980.

### Fourth Parliament (1980–1985)

This period marked the return to power of Milton Obote and the Uganda People's Congress (UPC), following the disputed national elections of 1980. The speaker of the Fourth Parliament was Francis Butagira, a Harvard-trained lawyer. the Fourth Parliament ended when General Basilio Olara Okello overthrew Obote and the UPC government in 1985.

### Fifth Parliament (1986–1996)

Known as the National Resistance Council (NRC), the Fifth Parliament was established following the end of the Ugandan 1981-1985 guerrilla war. Starting with 38 historical members of the National Resistance Movement and National Resistance Army, the legislative body was gradually expanded to include representatives from around the country. The speaker during the Fifth Parliament was Yoweri Museveni, who also concurrently served as the President of Uganda.

### Sixth Parliament (1996–2001)

The Sixth Parliament was constituted during one-party rule (NRM). James Wapakhabulo served as speaker from 1996 until 1998. From 1998 until 2001, Francis Ayume, a member of Parliament from Koboko District, served as speaker.

### Seventh Parliament (2001–2006)

The Seventh Parliament was presided over as Speaker by Edward Ssekandi. The most controversial legislation passed during this period was the amendment of the constitution to remove presidential term limits.

### Eighth Parliament (2006–2011)

This was a continuation of the Seventh Parliament, with Edward Ssekandi as speaker and Rebecca Kadaga as deputy speaker.
Seats :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Seats | Appointed | Total |
| | National Resistance Movement | | | 141 | 58 | 14 | 213 |
| | Forum for Democratic Change | | | 27 | 10 | 0 | 37 |
| | Uganda People's Congress | | | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| | Democratic Party | | | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| | Conservative Party | | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Justice Forum | | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Independents | | | 28 | 11 | 1 | 40 |
| Uganda People's Defence Force Representatives | Uganda People's Defence Force Representatives | | | | | 10 | 10 |
| Total | Total | | | 215 | 79 | 25 | 319 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 10,450,788 | 68 | | | | |
| Source: IPU ||||||||||

### Ninth Parliament (2011–2016)

The Ninth Parliament was presided over by Rebecca Kadaga as speaker, and Jacob Oulanyah as deputy speaker.
Seats :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Appointed | Total | +/– |
| | National Resistance Movement | 3,883,209 | 49.22 | 164 | 3,803,608 | 51.56 | 86 | 13 | 263 | +50 |
| | Forum for Democratic Change | 1,070,109 | 13.56 | 23 | 1,242,218 | 16.84 | 11 | 0 | 34 | –3 |
| | Democratic Party | 476,415 | 6.04 | 11 | 325,660 | 4.41 | 1 | 0 | 12 | +4 |
| | Uganda People's Congress | 265,568 | 3.37 | 7 | 237,477 | 3.22 | 3 | 0 | 10 | +1 |
| | Justice Forum | 50,120 | 0.64 | 1 | 10,796 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| | Conservative Party | 48,276 | 0.61 | 1 | 1,084 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| | Uganda Federal Alliance | 23,585 | 0.30 | 0 | 34,346 | 0.47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | People's Progressive Party | 15,692 | 0.20 | 0 | 26,320 | 0.36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Forum for Integrity in Leadership | 8,871 | 0.11 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Social Democratic Party | 5,664 | 0.07 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Popular People's Democracy | 3,399 | 0.04 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | – |
| | People's Development Party | 2,526 | 0.03 | 0 | 1,853 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Liberal Democratic Transparency | 2,035 | 0.03 | 0 | 3,997 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Green Partisan Party | 297 | 0.00 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Uganda Economic Party | 207 | 0.00 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | – |
| | Independents | 2,034,250 | 25.78 | 30 | 1,689,389 | 22.90 | 11 | 2 | 43 | +3 |
| Uganda People's Defence Force | Uganda People's Defence Force | | | | | | | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| Vacant | Vacant | | | 1 | | | | – | 1 | – |
| Total | Total | 7,890,223 | 100.00 | 238 | 7,376,748 | 100.00 | 112 | 25 | 375 | +56 |
| Source: Election Passport, UC |||||||||||

### Tenth Parliament (2016–2021)

In the Tenth Parliament, Rebecca Kadaga and Jacob Oulanyah remained in their posts as speaker and deputy speaker respectively.
Seats :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Appointed | Total | +/– |
| | National Resistance Movement | 3,945,000 | 48.88 | 199 | 3,566,617 | 48.95 | 84 | 10 | 293 | +30 |
| | Forum for Democratic Change | 1,027,648 | 12.73 | 29 | 929,860 | 12.76 | 7 | 0 | 36 | +2 |
| | Democratic Party | 349,962 | 4.34 | 13 | 246,284 | 3.38 | 2 | 0 | 15 | +3 |
| | Uganda People's Congress | 172,781 | 2.14 | 4 | 236,164 | 3.24 | 2 | 0 | 6 | –4 |
| | Justice Forum | 20,089 | 0.25 | 0 | 16,741 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Ugandan Federal Alliance | 18,146 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Conservative Party | 10,792 | 0.13 | 0 | 2,902 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Social Democratic Party | 5,972 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Republican Women and Youth Party | 2,311 | 0.03 | 0 | 8,502 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | People's Progressive Party | 2,185 | 0.03 | 0 | 16,720 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Uganda Patriotic Movement | 470 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Activist Party | 175 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | – | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Independents | 2,515,163 | 31.16 | 44 | 2,261,897 | 31.05 | 17 | 5 | 66 | +23 |
| Uganda People's Defence Force | Uganda People's Defence Force | | | | | | | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 8,070,694 | 100.00 | 289 | 7,285,687 | 100.00 | 112 | 25 | 426 | +51 |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 15,277,198 | – | | 15,277,198 | – | | | | |
| Source: EC, Election Passport |||||||||||

#### 2017 Parliament fight

On September 27, 2017, a fight ensued during a legislative session of the Ugandan parliament. The legislation in discussion at the time was to remove the presidential age limit of 75 from the Ugandan constitution. Following accusations from the parliamentary speaker against certain lawmakers in the chamber of disorderly conduct, a full-fledged fight broke out in which chairs were thrown, microphone stands used as clubs, and eventual removal of some members by plain clothes security officers.

### Eleventh Parliament (2021–present)

On March 25, 2022, Thomas Tayebwa was voted as the new Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Uganda.
Seats :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Appointed | Total | +/– |
| | National Resistance Movement | 4,158,934 | 41.60 | 218 | 4,532,814 | 44.81 | 101 | 17 | 336 | +42 |
| | National Unity Platform | 1,347,929 | 13.48 | 43 | 1,607,425 | 15.89 | 14 | 0 | 57 | New |
| | Forum for Democratic Change | 729,247 | 7.29 | 24 | 674,154 | 6.66 | 8 | 0 | 32 | –4 |
| | Democratic Party | 245,248 | 2.45 | 8 | 181,364 | 1.79 | 1 | 0 | 9 | –6 |
| | Uganda People's Congress | 180,313 | 1.80 | 7 | 229,884 | 2.27 | 2 | 0 | 9 | +3 |
| | Alliance for National Transformation | 72,018 | 0.72 | 0 | 82,318 | 0.81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Justice Forum | 24,843 | 0.25 | 1 | 22,625 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | 1 | +1 |
| | People's Progressive Party | 10,076 | 0.10 | 1 | | | | 0 | 1 | +1 |
| | Uganda Economic Party | 6,199 | 0.06 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Ecological Party of Uganda | 4,287 | 0.04 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Conservative Party | 1,071 | 0.01 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Social Democratic Party | 719 | 0.01 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Forum for Integrity in Leadership | 122 | 0.00 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Congress Service Volunteers Organisation | 68 | 0.00 | 0 | | | | 0 | 0 | New |
| | Independents | 3,217,480 | 32.18 | 51 | 2,785,676 | 27.54 | 20 | 3 | 74 | +8 |
| Uganda People's Defence Force | Uganda People's Defence Force | | | | | | | 10 | 10 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 9,998,554 | 100.00 | 353 | 10,116,260 | 100.00 | 146 | 30 | 529 | +103 |
| Source: Electoral Commission |||||||||||

## Ugandan legislation

Examples of Uganda's legislation include:
* The amendment of the constitution to remove presidential term limits.
* The Employment Act, 2006, Act 6 of 2006
* The Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
* The Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023
The Uganda Legal Information Institute (ULII) publishes the laws of Uganda, allowing for free online access.