OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Danny Simon

Daniel Simon (December 18, 1918, The Bronx, New York – July 26, 2005, Portland, Oregon) was an American television writer and comedy teacher. He was the inspiration for the character of Felix Unger in his brother Neil Simon's play, The Odd Couple.

## Biography

The older brother of playwright Neil Simon, the two siblings wrote comedy together in the 1940s and 1950s.
As a writing team the brothers wrote for Buddy Hackett, Jan Murray and Phil Silvers and also wrote for radio and television shows such as Broadway Open House, The Red Buttons Show, The Jackie Gleason Show and Your Show of Shows until 1954 when Neil left the partnership to write plays.
As a solo writer, Danny became head writer of The Colgate Comedy Hour and then Make Room for Daddy. He also wrote for The Phil Silvers Show, Kraft Music Hall, My Three Sons, The Mac Davis Show, The Carol Burnett Show, Diff'rent Strokes, and The Facts of Life and also wrote jokes for Joan Rivers for her appearances as guest host of the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. He later became a comedy teacher.
Danny Simon came up with the idea for The Odd Couple from his own experience from 1961 to 1963 when, while divorcing his wife, he shared an apartment with Hollywood agent Roy Gerber, whose wife had left him. Struggling after writing 14 pages of a first draft, he asked his brother Neil, who had expressed interest in the idea, to write it instead. Danny Simon received one-sixth of the royalties but was irritated at not receiving a "from an idea by Danny Simon" credit. Its success caused the brothers to become estranged for a decade.
Danny Simon also directed several Off-Broadway productions of his brother's plays and was the inspiration for characters in various Neil Simon plays such as Come Blow Your Horn, The Odd Couple, Plaza Suite, Chapter Two, Brighton Beach Memoirs and Broadway Bound, leading him to joke “There have been more plays written about me than about Abraham Lincoln, Joan of Arc and Julius Caesar all put together." He also contributed sketches to the Broadway stage revues New Faces of 1956 and Catch a Star.

## Quotations

Woody Allen said about Simon, "I've learned a couple of things on my own since and modified things he taught me, but everything, unequivocally, that I learned about comedy writing I learned from him".
Jimmy Boyd, "Being around Danny always makes me and everyone else happy. He is always up and positive, and he sees humor in absolutely everything. It is endless funny one-liners. In rehearsal I could read the same comedy line a hundred times, and Danny would be laughing".

## Personal life and death

Simon was married to Arlene Friedman from 1953 to 1962. The couple had two children, Michael Howard Simon and Valerie Jeanne Simon (died 2009). In 2011, Michael Simon was appointed by President Barack Obama to be a judge on the United States District Court for the District of Oregon.
Danny Simon died of heart failure in 2005 at age 86 at the Robison Jewish Health Center in Portland, Oregon. He had also suffered a stroke.
# Cophecheilus

Cophecheilus is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish occur only in China.

## Species

There are currently 2 recognized species in this genus:
* Cophecheilus bamen Y. Zhu, E. Zhang, M. Zhang & Y. Q. Han, 2011
* Cophecheilus brevibarbatus A. Y. He, H. Wei, Y. He, Jian Yang, 2015
# Asha Patera

Asha Patera is a patera, or a complex crater with scalloped edges, on Jupiter's moon Io. It is approximately 108 kilometers in diameter and located at 8°50′S 225°41′W﻿ / ﻿8.84°S 225.69°W﻿ / -8.84; -225.69﻿ (Asha Patera). It is named after asha, the Zoroastrian principle of Truth. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1979. Reiden Patera and Kami-Nari Patera can both be found to the west.
# Blondie Meets the Boss

Blondie Meets the Boss is a 1939 American comedy film directed by Frank R. Strayer and starring Penny Singleton and Arthur Lake.
Based on the Chic Young comic strip of the same name, the film is the second in the Blondie series, which eventually grew to 28 films.

## Plot

A frustrated Dagwood resigns his office job, but Blondie is fortunately able to take over his position. Dagwood leaves their toddler unattended at home to go on a short fishing trip with a friend at a cabin, and is uneasy and skittish when he finds his friend has brought along two attractive young women. Adding to the chaos, after Dagwood returns home, Blondie's sister and her boyfriend come to stay with them in order to enter a jitterbug championship at the nightclub Mr. Dithers needs for a building project. Dagwood, on short notice, substitutes in the dance contest after his sister-in-law's boyfriend backs out, and performs amazing acrobatic dance steps. A jealous Blondie, seeing pictures of the fishing trip, packs her bags with the intention of leaving Dagwood, but changes her mind. In the confusion, they neglect to buy Mr. Dithers the nightclub, which actually turns out to be fortuitous.

## Cast

* Penny Singleton as Blondie Bumstead
* Arthur Lake as Dagwood Bumstead
* Larry Simms as Baby Dumpling Bumstead
* Jonathan Hale as J.C Dithers
* Danny Mummert as Alvin
* Daisy as Daisy the Dog
* Dorothy Moore as Dot Miller
* Don Beddoe as Marvin Williams
* Dorothy Comingore as Francine Rogers
* Stanley Brown as Ollie Shaw
* Joel Dean as Freddie Turner
* Richard Fiske as Nelson
* Inez Courtney as Betty Lou Wood
* Patti Lacey as featured swing dancer
* Ray Hirsch as featured swing dancer
* Skinnay Ennis as himself
* Barbara Kent as Jitterbugger (*UK actress born 1921, not silent star Barbara Kent)
* Eddie Acuff as Pots and Pans Peddler
* Irving Bacon as 1st Letter Carrier
* George Chandler as Laundry Worker
* Wallis Clark as Henry W. Philpot
* William B. Davidson as Older Man in Café
* Edgar Dearing as Officer McGuire
* Jay Eaton as Wilson
* Sarah Edwards as Salesperson
* Edward Gargan as Garden Café Doorperson
* David Newell as Sanders
* Walter Sande as 2nd Letter Carrier
* Grady Sutton as Camera Store Clerk

## Production

Production for the film took place in December 1938 to January 1939, and had the working title Blondie Steps Out.
# Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 50 metre breaststroke

The men's 50 metre breaststroke event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 14 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.
There were 34 competitors from 26 countries who took part in this event. Five heats were held, with most containing the maximum number of swimmers (eight). The heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.
Xie Zhi from China won the gold medal, Asian record holder Kosuke Kitajima only finished with fourth place.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Sunday, 14 November 2010 | 10:00 | Heats |
| Sunday, 14 November 2010 | 18:59 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Cameron van der Burgh (RSA) | 26.67 | Rome, Italy | 29 July 2009 |
| Asian Record | Kosuke Kitajima (JPN) | 27.30 | Tokyo, Japan | 13 April 2010 |
| Games Record | Vladislav Polyakov (KAZ) | 28.29 | Doha, Qatar | 3 December 2006 |

## Results
### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 5 | Li Xiayan (CHN) | 27.85 | GR |
| 2 | 4 | Mohammad Alirezaei (IRI) | 27.95 | |
| 3 | 3 | Ryo Tateishi (JPN) | 28.20 | |
| 4 | 4 | Vladislav Polyakov (KAZ) | 28.23 | |
| 5 | 5 | Kosuke Kitajima (JPN) | 28.38 | |
| 6 | 3 | Wong Chun Yan (HKG) | 28.50 | |
| 7 | 3 | Xie Zhi (CHN) | 28.68 | |
| 8 | 4 | Nicko Biondi (INA) | 28.77 | |
| 9 | 3 | Choi Kyu-woong (KOR) | 28.85 | |
| 10 | 5 | Andrew Lim (SIN) | 28.93 | |
| 11 | 4 | Sandeep Sejwal (IND) | 28.96 | |
| 12 | 5 | Yevgeniy Ryzhkov (KAZ) | 28.99 | |
| 13 | 5 | Indra Gunawan (INA) | 29.03 | |
| 14 | 5 | Lionel Khoo (SIN) | 29.34 | |
| 15 | 3 | Vorrawuti Aumpiwan (THA) | 29.36 | |
| 16 | 3 | Chen Cho-yi (TPE) | 29.38 | |
| 17 | 4 | Nguyễn Hữu Việt (VIE) | 29.45 | |
| 18 | 4 | Dmitrii Aleksandrov (KGZ) | 29.53 | |
| 19 | 3 | Yap See Tuan (MAS) | 29.81 | |
| 20 | 4 | Loai Tashkandi (KSA) | 29.89 | |
| 21 | 4 | Eric Chan (HKG) | 29.92 | |
| 22 | 5 | Dmitriy Shvetsov (UZB) | 30.03 | |
| 23 | 2 | Mubarak Al-Besher (UAE) | 30.25 | |
| 24 | 5 | Soroush Khajegi (IRI) | 30.54 | |
| 25 | 2 | Kamal Hossain (BAN) | 31.16 | |
| 26 | 3 | Chou Kit (MAC) | 31.44 | |
| 27 | 2 | Omar Yusuf (BRN) | 31.48 | |
| 28 | 1 | Ahmed Atari (QAT) | 31.87 | |
| 29 | 2 | Rami Fetyani (KSA) | 31.94 | |
| 30 | 2 | Hemra Nurmyradow (TKM) | 32.13 | |
| 31 | 2 | Ye Myint Hane (MYA) | 32.97 | |
| 32 | 1 | Hem Thon Ponleu (CAM) | 33.16 | |
| 33 | 1 | Erdenebilegiin Byambasüren (MGL) | 34.37 | |
| 34 | 2 | Inayath Hassan (MDV) | 38.40 | |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| | Xie Zhi (CHN) | 27.80 | GR |
| | Ryo Tateishi (JPN) | 27.86 | |
| | Li Xiayan (CHN) | 27.89 | |
| 4 | Mohammad Alirezaei (IRI) | 28.15 | |
| 4 | Kosuke Kitajima (JPN) | 28.15 | |
| 4 | Vladislav Polyakov (KAZ) | 28.15 | |
| 7 | Wong Chun Yan (HKG) | 28.53 | |
| 8 | Nicko Biondi (INA) | 28.73 | |
# ISCO Championship

The ISCO Championship is a professional golf tournament in Kentucky on the PGA Tour; it debuted in 2015 as the Barbasol Championship, an alternate event to The Open Championship in Britain in July. The first three editions of the tournament were played in Alabama at the Grand National course of the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail in Opelika, northeast of Auburn. It was the first PGA Tour event played in Alabama since the PGA Championship in 1990.
In 2018, the tournament moved to Kentucky to the Keene Trace Golf Club in Nicholasville, south of Lexington, and was the first PGA Tour event (excluding majors) in the state in 59 years, since the Kentucky Derby Open in 1959. (Valhalla Golf Club near Louisville hosted the PGA Championship in 1996, 2000, 2014 and 2024.) In 2025, the tournament will be moved to Hurstbourne Country Club in Louisville.
Like other alternate events, the winner of the tournament does not earn an invitation to the Masters. However, the winner still receives a two-year PGA Tour exemption and a trip to the PGA Championship.
In August 2021, it was announced that from 2022 onward, the event would become a co-sanctioned event with the European Tour, played the same week as an alternate event to the Genesis Scottish Open. It would also be an event that would give the leading non-exempt golfer entry into The Open Championship.
The 2024 event set the record for the lowest 36-hole cut at a PGA Tour event at eight under par.

## Winners

| Year | Tour(s) | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner(s)-up | Purse (US$) | Winner's share ($) |
| ISCO Championship |||||||||
| 2024 | EUR, PGAT | Harry Hall | 266 | −22 | Playoff | Zac Blair Pierceson Coody Rico Hoey Matthew NeSmith | 4,000,000 | 720,000 |
| Barbasol Championship |||||||||
| 2023 | EUR, PGAT | Vincent Norrman | 266 | −22 | Playoff | Nathan Kimsey | 3,800,000 | 684,000 |
| 2022 | EUR, PGAT | Trey Mullinax | 263 | −25 | 1 stroke | Kevin Streelman | 3,700,000 | 666,000 |
| 2021 | PGAT | Séamus Power | 267 | −21 | Playoff | J. T. Poston | 3,500,000 | 630,000 |
| 2020 | PGAT | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic | Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2019 | PGAT | Jim Herman | 262 | −26 | 1 stroke | Kelly Kraft | 3,500,000 | 630,000 |
| 2018 | PGAT | Troy Merritt | 265 | −23 | 1 stroke | Billy Horschel Tom Lovelady Richy Werenski | 3,500,000 | 630,000 |
| 2017 | PGAT | Grayson Murray | 263 | −21 | 1 stroke | Chad Collins | 3,500,000 | 630,000 |
| 2016 | PGAT | Aaron Baddeley | 266 | −18 | Playoff | Kim Si-woo | 3,500,000 | 630,000 |
| 2015 | PGAT | Scott Piercy | 265 | −19 | 3 strokes | Will Wilcox | 3,500,000 | 630,000 |
# Pittenweem Parish Church and Tolbooth Steeple

Pittenweem Parish Church and Tolbooth Steeple is an ecclesiastical and municipal complex in the High Street, Pittenweem, Fife, Scotland. The structure, which is used as the local parish church, is a Category A listed building.

## History

The site was first occupied by the priory church of Pittenweem Priory which dated back to the 12th century. After Pittenween became a Royal burgh in 1541, the new burgh leaders decided to commission a tolbooth on a site to the immediate west of the priory church. The new tolbooth was designed in the Scottish medieval style, built in harled rubble with sandstone dressings and was completed in 1588. The design of the tolbooth involved a four-stage tower facing down the High Street; there was a doorway in the first stage and irregularly placed narrow windows in the other three stages. A fifth stage, built in ashlar stone, with a corbelled and balustraded parapet and a spire was added in 1630. Access to the upper floors was attained by way of a circular stair turret which was erected at the north east corner of the tower. Internally, the principal rooms were the barrel vaulted prison cell on the ground floor of the tower and the council chamber on the first floor. A bell, which was cast at Jurgen Putensen's foundry in Stockholm, was installed in the tolbooth in 1663.
In 1704, five local women were accused of taking part in the bewitching of a teenage boy, Patrick Morton, and were incarcerated and tortured in the tolbooth. One of the accused, Janet Cornfoot, confessed after being beaten by the local Presbyterian Minister, Patrick Cowper, then escaped and was promptly caught and crushed to death by a lynch mob.
A new weather vane was added in 1739 and a clock, designed and manufactured by a local clockmaker, John Smith, was installed in the fifth stage of the tolbooth in 1773. The main section of the church was rebuilt to a design by a local architect, James Brown, in 1882. The layout of the church was orientated from southwest to northeast with a northwest transept of three-bays facing onto Marygate. The central bay of the northwest transept featured an arched doorway on the ground floor with a tri-partite mullioned window on the first floor surmounted by an oculus and a gable; the outer bays of the transept were fenestrated by bi-partite mullioned windows surmounted by smaller oculi and lower gables.
After the tolbooth became unsuitable for use as a municipal building, a new town hall was erected in Session Street in 1940, and the tower subsequently became an integral part of the parish church. In July 2021, the Royal Burgh of Pittenweem and District Community Council, having secured ecclesiastical listed building consent as well as funding by Historic Environment Scotland, initiated a programme of restoration works on the tower.
# SIAC

SIAC is an acronym used by several bodies:
* Securities Industry Automation Corporation, a subsidiary of the NYSE Euronext
* Singapore International Arbitration Centre, a not-for-profit international arbitration organisation
* Sistema Integrado de Artilleria de Campaña (English: Integrated Field Artillery System), a modern field howitzer
* La Sociedad Interamericana de Astronomía en la Cultura, an organization in the field of cultural astronomy in the Americas
* Southern Indiana Athletic Conference, an American high school athletic conference
* Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, an NCAA Division II collegiate athletic conference
* Special Immigration Appeals Commission, a superior court of record in the United Kingdom
# Marrku–Wurrugu languages

The Marrku–Wurrugu languages are a possible language family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in the Cobourg Peninsula region of Western Arnhem Land. They are the extinct Marrgu and Wurrugu languages. They were once classified as distant relatives of the Iwaidjan languages, until Nicholas Evans found the evidence for Marrgu's membership insufficient, concluding that similarities were due to borrowing (including of verbal paradigms).
The genetic grouping of Marrgu and Wurrugu is supported by the following observations:
* Despite being geographically separated by the Garig-Ilgar languages, the two languages share a relatively high cognacy rate (15 out of 43 words = ~35%).
* Both languages contain an interdental phoneme [dh], which is absent in the surrounding Iwaidjan languages.

## Vocabulary

Capell (1942) lists the following basic vocabulary items:
    glossMaraMargu man gärijimargeiag woman girijanjunɔn head maraŋuɽuwaɽi eye maguɽdaːɭa nose djiɽiɣïːni mouth ŋaːndalŋaɽjad tongue djiːjilŋaɽjad stomach gunjanɣiwud bone ŋajigadaruwa blood ŋulidjididjaːridj kangaroo girmọwïːdjud opossum gudjaɳiwiːɽiɽin emu djiwiɖiwiɖimangunuba crow waŋganaŋireimbiriri fly guɳɖilmɔlg sun gunarumuɽi moon waɖaŋarirana fire waɖgardjuːɳa smoke guŋoŋoŋoɭan water ŋọgọwobaidj
# SU Agen Football

Sporting Union Agen Football is a French association football club founded in 1922. They are based in the town of Agen and their home stadium is the Parc Municipal des Sports. As of the 2009–10 season, they play in the Championnat de France amateur 2 Group F.
# Morvant Caledonia United

Morvant Caledonia United (formerly known as Caledonia AIA) is a professional football team in Trinidad and Tobago's top-level TT Pro League. It is based in Morvant; its home stadium is Hasely Crawford Stadium.

## History

The Caledonia AIA Football Club was founded in May 1979 by a group of schoolboys from the Morvant, Laventille, San Juan and Barataria environs; one of whom included current owner Jamaal Shabazz. The Club has a franchise in the TT Pro League and runs a full professional team; employing 28 players and 7 staff on a full-time basis. Apart from the professional team the Club runs a Youth Academy and Youth teams in Under 14, Under 16 and Under 18 age groups, catering for over just over one hundred children at a recreational level. Caledonia AIA was crowned Caribbean Club Champions in 2012 and represented the Caribbean in the CONCACAF Champions League.

## Club honours
### Domestic

* FA Trophy
** Winners (3): 2008, 2011–12, 2012–13
** Runners-up (1): 2007
* First Citizens Cup
** Winners (2): 2011, 2012
** Runners-up (2): 2001, 2007
* Digicel Pro Bowl
** Winners (1): 2008
** Runners-up (2): 2009, 2012
* Lucozade Sport Goal Shield
** Winners (1): 2012

### Continental

* CFU Club Championship
** Winners (1): 2012
** Runners-up (1): 1998

## Current squad

Squad for the 2019-20 TT Pro League
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | GK | TRI | Jaydon Taylor |
| — | GK | NGA | Katibi Kolapo |
| — | DF | TRI | Frae Gervais |
| — | DF | JAM | Richard Williams |
| — | DF | DMA | Sidney Lockhart |
| — | DF | TRI | Joshua Alexander |
| — | DF | LCA | Otev Lawrence |
| — | DF | TRI | Lukeman Brooks |
| — | DF | LCA | Melvin Doxilly |
| — | MF | TRI | Nkosi David |
| — | MF | TRI | Elair Brewster |
| — | MF | LCA | Eden Charles |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | MF | GHA | David Mensah |
| — | MF | TRI | Joshua Sylvester |
| — | MF | TRI | Kerry Daniel |
| — | MF | LCA | Raphael Joseph |
| — | MF | TRI | Mulik Duke |
| — | MF | LCA | Javick McFarlane |
| — | FW | TRI | Naeem Bisnath |
| — | FW | GUY | Pernell Schultz |
| — | FW | LCA | Tev Lawrence |
| — | FW | LCA | Aaron Richard |
| — | FW | TRI | Ryan Jordan |

## Staff

* Technical Director: Jamaal Shabazz
* Head Coach: Jerry Moe
* Assistant Coach/Youth Academy Director: Rajesh Latchoo
* Assistant Coach: Abdallah Phillips
* Goalkeeper Coach: Steve Frederick
* Physio: Jason Pilgrim
# Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's 100 metre breaststroke

The women's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 16 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.
There were 18 competitors from 12 countries who took part in this event. Three heats were held, the heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.
Ji Liping and Chen Huijia from China won the gold and bronze medal respectively, Japanese swimmer Satomi Suzuki won the silver medal.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Tuesday, 16 November 2010 | 09:15 | Heats |
| Tuesday, 16 November 2010 | 18:06 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Jessica Hardy (USA) | 1:04.45 | Federal Way, United States | 7 August 2009 |
| Asian Record | Ji Liping (CHN) | 1:05.32 | Beijing, China | 29 August 2009 |
| Games Record | Luo Xuejuan (CHN) | 1:06.84 | Busan, South Korea | 1 October 2002 |

## Results
### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | 3 | Satomi Suzuki (JPN) | 1:09.23 |
| 2 | 1 | Jeong Da-rae (KOR) | 1:09.26 |
| 3 | 1 | Ji Liping (CHN) | 1:09.43 |
| 4 | 3 | Back Su-yeon (KOR) | 1:10.19 |
| 5 | 2 | Rie Kaneto (JPN) | 1:10.51 |
| 6 | 2 | Chen Huijia (CHN) | 1:10.61 |
| 7 | 2 | Chen I-chuan (TPE) | 1:11.99 |
| 8 | 3 | Yvette Kong (HKG) | 1:12.12 |
| 9 | 3 | Lei On Kei (MAC) | 1:12.96 |
| 10 | 1 | Fiona Ma (HKG) | 1:13.00 |
| 11 | 3 | Samantha Yeo (SIN) | 1:13.03 |
| 12 | 2 | Christina Loh (MAS) | 1:13.50 |
| 13 | 1 | Erika Kong (MAS) | 1:13.79 |
| 14 | 1 | Phiangkhwan Pawapotako (THA) | 1:14.27 |
| 15 | 2 | Chavunnooch Salubluek (THA) | 1:14.43 |
| 16 | 3 | Phạm Thị Huệ (VIE) | 1:14.73 |
| 17 | 2 | Mahfuza Khatun (BAN) | 1:22.85 |
| 18 | 1 | Gantömöriin Oyuungerel (MGL) | 1:32.92 |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Time |
| | Ji Liping (CHN) | 1:06.91 |
| | Satomi Suzuki (JPN) | 1:07.43 |
| | Chen Huijia (CHN) | 1:07.98 |
| 4 | Jeong Da-rae (KOR) | 1:09.00 |
| 5 | Rie Kaneto (JPN) | 1:09.66 |
| 6 | Back Su-yeon (KOR) | 1:09.80 |
| 7 | Chen I-chuan (TPE) | 1:11.20 |
| 8 | Yvette Kong (HKG) | 1:12.41 |
# Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant

The Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant is a 1,091 megawatts (1,463,000 hp) run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station on the Sutlej River in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh state of India.

## Etymology

The dam and power station are located between the villages of Karcham and Wangtoo where the plant also gains its name.

## History

In 1993, and after years of delays, the Jaypee Karcham Hydro Corporation Limited of Jaypee Group signed a memorandum of understanding to develop the dam. On 18 November 2005, the construction on the power station began. In 2015, Jaypee Group sold out Karcham Wangtoo Project to JSW Group.
In May 2011, the first generator was commissioned, the second in June and the final two in September.

## Technical details

The 98 m (322 ft) tall dam at Karcham (31°30′00.26″N 78°10′39.54″E﻿ / ﻿31.5000722°N 78.1776500°E﻿ / 31.5000722; 78.1776500﻿ (Karcham Dam)) diverts a substantial portion of the Sutlej into a 10.48 m (34.4 ft) diameter and 17.2 km (10.7 mi) long headrace tunnel to the underground power station downstream at Wangtoo. At the station, the water powers four 250 MW Francis turbine-generators before it is sent back into the Sutlej via a 1.2 km (0.75 mi) long tailrace tunnel. The difference in elevation between the dam and the power station affords a gross hydraulic head of 298 m (978 ft). Water not diverted by the dam is sent over the spillway and down the normal course of the river. The main spillway is along the crest of the dam and is controlled by six radial gates.
Just upstream of the dam is the 300 MW Baspa II Hydroelectric Plant and downstream of the Karcham Wangtoo is the 1,500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam.

## Transport

In 2020, construction of a new nearly 150 km long "Karcham-Harsil Road" was announced. It will link Karcham on NH-5 to Harsil on NH-34, both in Himachal Pradesh. This new road, to be constructed by Border Roads Organisation (BRO) at a cost between Rs 2,500 to Rs 3,000 crore, is in addition to the 73 previously approved India-China Border Roads (ICBR). It will cut down present 450 km long distance, which take nearly 16 hours, to just nearly 150 km or 2 to 3 hours. Since Karcham and Harsial are 26 km and 52 km away from the Line of Actual Control (LAC) respectively, the new road will also enable the faster deployment of troop.