OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1997–98 PGA Tour of Australasia

The 1997–98 PGA Tour of Australasia was the 26th season on the PGA Tour of Australasia, the main professional golf tour in Australia and New Zealand since it was formed in 1973.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 1997–98 season.
| Date | Tournament | Location | Purse (A$) | Winner | OWGR points | Other tours | Notes |
| 14 Sep | Ericsson Asia-Pacific Masters | Indonesia | US$500,000 | Darren Cole (1) | 16 | ASA | New tournament |
| 23 Nov | MasterCard Australian PGA Championship | New South Wales | 500,000 | Andrew Coltart (2) | 16 | | |
| 30 Nov | Holden Australian Open | Victoria | 1,000,000 | Lee Westwood (n/a) | 38 | | Flagship event |
| 7 Dec | Australasian Players Championship | Queensland | 500,000 | Greg Chalmers (1) | 26 | | |
| 14 Dec | AMP Air New Zealand Open | New Zealand | NZ$500,000 | Greg Turner (5) | 18 | | |
| 21 Dec | Schweppes Coolum Classic | Queensland | 200,000 | Craig Parry (8) | 18 | | |
| 11 Jan | Victorian Open | Victoria | 200,000 | Brad King (1) | 16 | | |
| 25 Jan | Johnnie Walker Classic | Thailand | £750,000 | Tiger Woods (n/a) | 40 | EUR | |
| 1 Feb | Heineken Classic | Western Australia | 1,200,000 | Thomas Bjørn (n/a) | 32 | EUR | |
| 8 Feb | Greg Norman Holden International | New South Wales | 1,000,000 | Greg Norman (33) | 36 | | |
| 15 Feb | Ericsson Masters | Victoria | 750,000 | Bradley Hughes (4) | 30 | | |
| 21 Feb | Canon Challenge | New South Wales | 500,000 | Peter O'Malley (2) | 16 | | |
| 8 Mar | ANZ Tour Championship | Australian Capital Territory | 500,000 | Mathew Goggin (1) | 16 | | New tournament Tour Championship |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Australian dollars.
| Position | Player | Prize money (A$) |
| 1 | Andrew Coltart | 316,107 |
| 2 | Peter O'Malley | 264,534 |
| 3 | Greg Chalmers | 263,926 |
| 4 | Mathew Goggin | 220,417 |
| 5 | Robert Allenby | 213,234 |
# Fermín Torralba

Fermín Sarmiento Torralba (born Fermín Torralba y Sarmiento; July 7, 1891 – 1939) was a Filipino lawyer and politician. He was a member of the Philippines Legislature from 1922 to 1928 and was Secretary of the Philippine Senate from 1931 to 1935. He was a member of the Nacionalista Party.

## Early life and education

Fermín Torralba was born in Tagbilaran, Bohol to Margarito Torralba y Maturan (c. 1856 – January 11, 1929 in Tagbilaran, Bohol) and Cirila Sarmiento y Butalid. He received an LL.B. degree from the University of Michigan.

## Political career

Torralba was elected to the Philippines Legislature in 1922 as representative from the 1st district of Bohol and was re-elected in 1925. He was elected Secretary of the Philippine Senate in 1933, serving in the Ninth and Tenth Legislatures.
# Harpreet Singh (cricketer, born 1967)

Harpreet Singh (born 29 November 1967) is an Indian former cricketer. He played eleven first-class matches for Delhi between 1989 and 1994.
# Hernando de Ramírez y Sánchez

Hernando de Ramírez y Sánchez (1580 – April 11, 1652) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Panamá (1641–1652).

## Biography

Hernando de Ramírez y Sánchez was born in Arroyo de la Luz, Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of the Most Holy Trinity. On June 1, 1641, Pope Urban VIII, appointed him Bishop of Panamá. On February 9, 1642, he was consecrated bishop by Diego Castejón Fonseca, Bishop Emeritus of Lugo with Miguel Avellán, Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo and Timoteo Pérez Vargas, Archbishop Emeritus of Ispahan as Co-Consecrators. He served as Bishop of Panamá until his death on April 11, 1652.
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Alonso de Briceño, Bishop of Nicaragua.
# Pandoro

Pandoro (Italian:) is an Italian sweet bread, most popular around Christmas and New Year. Typically a product of the city of Verona, Veneto, pandoro traditionally has an eight-pointed shape. It is often dusted with vanilla scented icing sugar, which is said to resemble the snowy peaks of the Alps during Christmas.
Its name and origins are attributed to the Italian pastry chef Domenico Melegatti.

## History

Pandoro appeared in remote times, the product of breadmaking, as the name, pan d'oro (lit. 'golden bread'), suggests. Throughout the Middle Ages, white bread was consumed solely by the rich, while the common people ate black bread. Sweet breads were reserved for the nobility. Bread enriched with eggs, butter, and sugar or honey as a sweetener were served in their palaces and known as "royal bread" or "golden bread".
17th century desserts were described in the book Suor Celeste Galilei, Letters to Her Father, published by La Rosa of Turin, and included "royal bread" made from flour, sugar, butter and eggs.
The first citation of a dessert clearly identified as pandoro dates to the 18th century. The dessert certainly figured in the cuisine of the Venetian aristocracy. Venice was the principal market for spices as late as the 18th century, as well as for the sugar that by then had replaced honey in European pastries and bread made from leavened dough. It was at Verona, in Venetian territory, that the formula for making pandoro was developed and perfected, a process that required a century. The modern history of this dessert bread began there on October 30, 1894, when Domenico Melegatti obtained a patent for a procedure to be applied in producing pandoro industrially. Melegatti formed a pandoro company in 1896, which survived a bankruptcy crisis in 2017.
# Stephen P. Webb

Stephen P. Webb (born February 23, 1946) is an American politician. He served on the Beverly Hills Planning Commission, and was elected to the Beverly Hills City Council in 2003. He served as the mayor of Beverly Hills, California from 2006 to 2007. He was defeated for re-election in 2007.

## Biography

He attended the University of Denver and received a B.A. from the California State University at Northridge in 1968. In 1971, he received a J.D. from the University of San Diego.
He is a partner at Tilles, Webb, Kulla & Grant, ALC in Beverly Hills.

## Personal life

He is married to Bonnie Wood Webb, and they have two adult children.
# Vietnam at the 2023 World Athletics Championships

Vietnam competed at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, from 19 to 27 August 2023.

## Results

Vietnam entered 1 athlete.

### Key

* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* PB = Personal best
* SB = Season best
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Nguyễn Thị Oanh | 1500 metres | 4:12.28 PB | 13 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Hydraulic seal

A hydraulic seal is a relatively soft, non-metallic ring, captured in a groove or fixed in a combination of rings, forming a seal assembly, to block or separate fluid in reciprocating motion applications. Hydraulic seals are vital in machinery. Their use is critical in providing a way for fluid power to be converted to linear motion. For example, they are widely used in hydraulic cylinders of excavators, bulldozers, cranes, and many other types of heavy equipment.
Hydraulic seals also play a crucial role in hydraulic lifting equipment, such as lift tables, by ensuring the efficient and safe operation of hydraulic cylinders.

## Materials

Hydraulic seals can be made from a variety of materials such as polyurethane, rubber or PTFE. The type of material is determined by the specific operating conditions or limits due to fluid type, pressure, fluid chemical compatibility or temperature. For instance, polyurethane seals offer good abrasion and tear resistance, while rubber seals have high elasticity and good sealing performance at low pressures. PTFE is often used in high-temperature environments or when exposed to corrosive fluids.

## Classification

Hydraulic seals are classified based on their function and working conditions:
Static
A static hydraulic seal is located in a groove and sees no movement - only sealing within its confined space, acting like a gasket. To achieve this the gasket should be under pressure. The pressure is applied by tightening of the bolts. Examples of static seals include O-rings, flange seals, and cover seals.
Dynamic
This type of seal is exposed to movement.
Rod seal:
Is installed on the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder. Prevents leakage of hydraulic fluid to the outside of the sealing system. Helps prevent contamination from entering the hydraulic system (in conjunction with a wiper seal).
Piston seal:
Is installed on the piston head. Prevents fluid from crossing the area of the piston head. Ensures that fluid does not leak from the cylinder and adequate pressure is maintained.
Wiper seal:
Is installed on the outside of the cylinder. Its main function is to prevent dirt, debris, and other contaminants from entering the hydraulic system. Other types of dynamic seals include chevron seals, U-cup seals, and labyrinth seals.

## Design and Selection

The performance of a hydraulic seal depends on several factors, including:
Application: Each application requires a different type of seal and material. Operating conditions: Temperature, pressure, speed, fluid type, and working environment influence the choice of seal.
Seal profile: Piston seals come in various designs, each with its own advantages. Selecting the right hydraulic seal requires careful consideration of these factors to ensure optimal sealing performance and service life of the hydraulic system
Specific Applications: Selecting appropriate hydraulic seals for dock leveler requires careful consideration of factors like load capacity, frequency of use, and environmental conditions.
# Fingerprint scanner

Fingerprint scanners are security systems of biometrics. They are used in police stations, security industries, smartphones, and other mobile devices.

## Fingerprints

People have patterns of friction ridges on their fingers, these patterns are called the fingerprints. Fingerprints are uniquely detailed, durable over an individual's lifetime, and difficult to alter. Due to the unique combinations, fingerprints have become an ideal means of identification.

## Types of fingerprint scanners

There are four types of fingerprint scanners: optical scanners, capacitance scanners, ultrasonic scanners, and thermal scanners. The basic function of every type of scanner is to obtain an image of a person's fingerprint and find a match for it in its database. The measure of the fingerprint image quality is in dots per inch (DPI).
* Optical scanners take a visual image of the fingerprint using a digital camera.
* Capacitive or CMOS scanners use capacitors and thus electric current to form an image of the fingerprint. This type of scanner tends to excel in terms of precision.
* Ultrasonic fingerprint scanners use high frequency sound waves to penetrate the epidermal (outer) layer of the skin.
* Thermal scanners sense the temperature differences on the contact surface, in between fingerprint ridges and valleys.
All fingerprint scanners are susceptible to be fooled by a technique that involves photographing fingerprints, processing the photographs using special software, and printing fingerprint replicas using a 3D printer.

## Construction forms

There are two construction forms: the stagnant and the moving fingerprint scanner.
* Stagnant: The finger must be dragged over the small scanning area. This is cheaper and less reliable than the moving form. Imaging can be less than ideal when the finger is not dragged over the scanning area at constant speed.
* Moving: The finger lies on the scanning area while the scanner runs underneath. Because the scanner moves at constant speed over the fingerprint, imaging is superior.

## Usage form

Fingerprint biometrics find applications in various fields and industries.

### Stand-alone readers

Microsoft released a fingerprint reader in 2005.

### Integrated readers

From early 2000, some laptops with PC Card support can be equipped with readers; for example, Compaq Armada E500 can be optionally equipped by external fingerprint reader since 2000 - the reader module was released by Toshiba. IBM produced laptops with integrated readers since 2004. Apple's marketing name of electronic fingerprint recognition, known as Touch ID, was introduced in 2013 only for smartphones, and laptop option was released only in 2016. The implementation was delayed until 2013 just because the integrated with optical trackpad scanner were be patented by RIM (Blackberry) in 2004. On laptops and smartphones, the fingerprint sensor usually uses USB or I2C interface.
# Nutkao

Nutkao is an Italian food company that specializes in the production of cocoa and milk spreadable creams. Together with Novi and Valsoia, It is a well-established top-tier player in the Italian market of sweet spreads, following only behind Ferrero (which produces Nutella).

## History

The company was founded in 1982 by the current CEO, Giuseppe Braida, a former employee of Ferrero. In 2001, Nutkao relocated from Piobesi d'Alba to Govone, both located in the province of Cuneo.
In 2010, the Consilium Group acquired a majority stake in Nutkao. At that time, Nutkao’s primary markets were Italy and France, but the company also exported its products to other regions within and outside of Europe, including the United States, South America, Australia, the Middle East, China, and North Africa.
In June 2014, Nutkao announced plans to open a facility in Battleboro, North Carolina, United States, with around forty employees.
In 2018, the production center in Accra, Ghana was opened, where exclusively first-choice Ghanaian cocoa beans are processed.
In 2020, Nutkao further expanded its market by acquiring Boerrineke, a Belgian brand known for its chocolate spreadable creams.
# Bryan Conquest

Bryan Joseph Conquest (20 July 1930 – 2 January 2018) was an Australian politician. Born in Quilpie, Queensland, he was a managing director and Bundaberg City Councillor before entering politics. In 1984, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the National member for the new notionally Labor seat of Hinkler. Conquest was defeated in 1987.
# Florian Maier-Aichen

Florian Maier-Aichen (born 1973 in Stuttgart, West Germany) is a landscape photographer based in Cologne, Germany and Los Angeles, US. He uses a combination of traditional photographic techniques and computer imaging.
Maier-Aichen studied at the University of California, Los Angeles, the University of Essen in Germany, and at the Hoegskolan for Fotografi och Film Gothenborg in Sweden.
His work features in several important public collections including the Denver Art Museum, the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, and the Saatchi Gallery in London. He participated in the 2006 Whitney Biennial.
# Keith R. Gilges

Keith R. Gilges became the American Chargé d’Affaires, a.i. to Belize on July 24, 2018, replacing Adrienne Galanek, after being the Director for North America overseeing interagency policy development involving Canada and Mexico for the National Security Council at the White House. He was replaced by Leyla Moses-Ones in August 2021. He currently serves as Director of the Central African Office within the Bureau of African Affairs, starting in July 2024.
Gilges earned a Master of Science in Environmental Management from the University of Hong Kong and a Bachelor of Arts from the College of William and Mary.
He had served Chargé d'Affaires to Burundi from July 2023 to May 2024.
# Ice (Morgenshtern song)

"Ice" is a song by Russian hip-hop artist Morgenshtern. The track was released on July 31, 2020.

## Prehistory

On July 1, 2020, Morgenshtern released a snippet of the track. Later he announced that Ice will be a collaboration with another musician.
On July 28, 2020, Morgenstern published an appeal in which he said that the second artist for his song "Ice" threw him his verse, after which he began to ignore him for two weeks. In the appeal, Morgenstern asked the artist to respond but did not announce the name of the coauthor. Later, on July 29, published a "last appeal", in which he said that he gives the artist one day to respond otherwise Morgenstern releases the song on digital platforms, without specifying him as the author.

## Commercial success

Like Morgenshtern's previous songs, the track "Ice" took a couple of hours to reach to top of the Apple Music and VK charts. During the first day, the music video on YouTube gained more than four million views and more than a million listens on VK. The song also received virality in the US on TikTok.
# Niederhöchstadt station

Niederhöchstadt station is a junction station in the Niederhöchstadt district of the town of Eschborn in the German state of Hesse. The stations of Eschborn and Eschborn Süd are nearby. Just north-west of the station the Limes Railway to Bad Soden separates from the Kronberg Railway to Kronberg. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station.

## History

Niederhöchstadt station was opened by the Kronberg Railway Company (German: Cronberger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, using the old spelling of Kronberg) along with the line to Kronberg on 1 November 1874. The station building dates from the turn of the century in 1900 and is a heritage-listed building. It is a two-storey brick building with a shallow hipped roof with a small tented roof covered with dormers. The platform side of the building has a complex structure with a central projection covered by a gable, wall panels and cornices. A polygonal bay window was later added on the ground floor for supervisory personnel and an annex was built on the north side.
On 22 December 1970, the first section of the Limes railway was opened between Niederhöchstadt and the Schwalbach Limes station on the edge of Eschborn and opened as a shuttle service. Almost 2 years later, on 6 November 1972, the gap to Bad Soden was closed. Up to that time Bad Soden only had a rail connection via the Soden Railway to Frankfurt-Höchst, which is now operated as Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund line RB 13.
Since 28 May 1978, line S3 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn has operated over the Limes Railway, and line S4 has operated over the Kronberg Railway, at first running only to Frankfurt Central Station. They were later extended to Langen (S4) and Darmstadt Central Station (S3) but from December 2024 both lines terminate at Frankfurt South.

## Services

The station is served by S-Bahn lines S3 and S4, running from Bad Soden (S3) and Kronberg (S4) to Frankfurt Central underground station and Frankfurt South.
# Dominot

Dominot (1930 – 17 October 2014) was an Italian actor and female impersonator. For many years he was part of the avant-garde café society in Rome that was portrayed in the film La Dolce Vita. Dominot himself appeared in La Dolce Vita.

## Biography

Antonio Iacono (or Jacono) was born in Tunis in 1930 (according to Andrea Pini in 1934), raised by the immigrants from Caltanissetta, and in his hometown he began his first theater practice. At a very young age, he started to perform en travesti in the local "la Pochinierre".
Around the age of twenty he moved to Paris, where he studied acting at a theater school with Jacques Toulsa of the Comédie-Française. To pay for his studies, he did travesti striptease shows at Madame Arthur (which at the time was, in Europe, the most famous venue of travesti shows) in Pigalle, and sang at Le Carrousel de Paris. Later he also performed en travesti in Tehran, where he lived for a short time.
At the end of the 1950s he settled permanently in Rome, where he attended the café society portrayed in the film La Dolce Vita, without hiding his homosexuality, and befriending among others, Giò Stajano and Vinicio Diamanti [it]. In 1958 he met Federico Fellini, who gave him a part in La Dolce Vita. The final line of the film belongs to Dominot, who plays himself: an out, cross-dressing, gay man in Rome of the sixties. The film performances of Iacono and Stajano have been connected to the rise of homosexual visibility in Italy by the historian of homosexuality Andrea Pini.
In the 1960s and 1970s he devoted himself to avant-garde theater, working with the theater director Giancarlo Nanni [it]. Dominot worked at the "La Fede" theater in Trastevere with other cross-dressing actors, later splitting from the theater to create a new group with some of those actors. The "splitters" staging of Wedekind's Spring Awakening was very successful. At the time he also met Pier Paolo Pasolini.
In 1984, Dominot opened his own club in Rome, Il baronato quattro bellezze, where he performed (into his eighties) en travestì singing the repertoire of chanson française, from Édith Piaf to Juliette Gréco.
In 2005 he returned to the big screen, thanks to Abel Ferrara, who made him perform during the opening credits of his Mary, and in 2007 in Go Go Tales.
Dominot died in Velletri on 17 October 2014. In 2016 journalist Maricla Boggio published a biography of Dominot named Dominot: Racconto confidenziale di un artista en travesti.

## Filmography

* La Dolce Vita, dir. Federico Fellini (1960)
* A Matter of Time, dir. Vincente Minnelli (1976)
* Salon Kitty, dir. Tinto Brass (1976)
* Sturmtruppen, dir. Salvatore Samperi (1976)
* Night Club, dir. Sergio Corbucci (1989)
* Mary, dir. Abel Ferrara (2005)
* Go Go Tales, dir. Abel Ferrara (2007)

## Theatre

* Kiss me Kate (1974)
* Naked (1981)
* Risveglio di primavera (Spring Awakening)
* A come Alice
* Assoli assemble
# Charlie Buhler

Charlie Buhler (born December 25) is an American director, photographer, and producer. She is best known for her directorial debut, Before the Fire, a pandemic thriller that premiered in 2020 amid the COVID-19 crisis. Buhler's other notable work includes the documentary Rosebud and Eric Stoltz's feature film Confessions of a Teenage Jesus Jerk where she played Jasmine. In 2008, Buhler was the first African-American woman to be crowned Miss South Dakota USA. She later represented South Dakota at the Miss USA 2008 pageant.

## Life and career

Charlie Buhler was born on Minot Air Force Base in Minot, North Dakota, to Darlene (Tinsley) Buhler and Carey Buhler. She is mixed-race, and often cites her diverse background as a major source of inspiration for her work. She spent her childhood in Rapid City and Mitchell, South Dakota, and then went on to study film and American politics at the University of Notre Dame, where she was the first African-American woman to be elected class president. She graduated in 2010.
In 2016, Buhler had a role in Eric Stoltz's debut feature, Confessions of a Teenage Jesus Jerk. A coming of age dramedy about young Jehovah's Witnesses discovering sex, drugs and rock and roll in the 80's. She played Jasmine.
In 2020, she made her directorial debut with the pandemic thriller, Before the Fire, which she also produced. It starred Jenna Lyng Adams, Ryan Vigilant and Jackson Davis, and premiered in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The film made its world premiere at the Cinequest Film Festival newsworthy due to its eery similarities to the ongoing crisis, and received positive reviews.
Buhler is also a documentarian and photographer. Her most notable work was the photography series, ROSEBUD which she shot over two years on the Rosebud and Pine Ridge Indian Reservations in South Dakota. It was published in the Photographic Journal in 2018.

## Awards and nominations

FILM :
| YEAR | AWARD | WORK | RESULT |
| 2021 | Cinequest: Best Feature Thriller | Before the Fire | Won |
| 2021 | Harlem Film Festival: Best Production | Before the Fire | Won |
COMMERCIAL AND MUSIC VIDEO :
| YEAR | AWARD | WORK | RESULT |
| 2022 | CLIO Awards: Best Music Video | Black Superhero | Bronze |
| 2022 | ADC Awards: Best Music Video | Black Superhero | Silver |
| 2022 | Webby Awards: Best Branded Content | Snapchat Inclusive Camera | Nominated |
| 2022 | The One Show: Best Branded Content | Snapchat Inclusive Camera | Gold |