OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cas Alfonso

Alfoncius Dapot Parulian Nainggolan (born 23 May 1983) also known as Cas or Casanova Alfonso, is an Indonesian R&B singer.

## Career

R&B singer Cas, joined such other musicians as Manissedap, Sultan, Emil, Bembi, Rizki, and Wizzow in 2006 to produce a solo album by the end of 2009. The album contained 12 singles. He performed songs inspired by his love, Rianti Cartwright, such as "Mingle With You" and "You Got What I Need". On this album, he worked with such musicians as Dewi Sandra, Manissedap, and Davadrian.

## Marriage

He and Rianti Cartwright married on 17 September 2010 at Old St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City. They announced an expected first child in February 2020; Cartwright gave birth to Cara Rose Kanaya, born on 25 July 2020.

## Discography

* Denganmu (With U; 2009)
* Yang Terbaik (The Best; 2010)
# Claudia Leistner

Claudia Pfrengle (née Leistner, born 15 April 1965) is a German former figure skater. She is a two-time World silver medalist and the 1989 European champion.

## Career

Leistner was a roller skater before taking up ice skating. In the 1981–82 season, she landed on the German senior national podium for the first time, taking the silver medal behind Manuela Ruben. Making her senior ISU Championship debut, she placed fifth at the 1982 European Championships in Lyon and fourth at the 1982 World Championships in Copenhagen.
With her outstanding jumping ability, she went on to become European champion in 1989 and a two-time silver medalist at the World Championships (1983 and 1989). She trained in Mannheim, initially being coached by Günter Zöller and later by Ondrej Nepela and Martin Skotnicky.
She represented West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany and the Mannheimer ERC club.

## Personal life

Claudia Leister was born in Ludwigshafen, West Germany. She is married to Stefan Pfrengle, a German national pair skating champion. They have a daughter named Julia Pfrengle, who also competed in figure skating, and a son named Yannik.

## Results

International :
| Event | 80–81 | 81–82 | 82–83 | 83–84 | 84–85 | 85–86 | 86–87 | 87–88 | 88–89 |
| Olympics | | | | 9th | | | | 6th | |
| Worlds | | 4th | 2nd | | 6th | 6th | 6th | 4th | 2nd |
| Europeans | | 5th | 3rd | | 3rd | 5th | 4th | 4th | 1st |
| Skate America | | | 2nd | | | | | | 1st |
| Skate Canada | | | | | | | 2nd | | |
| Trophée de France | | | | | | | | | 1st |
| NHK Trophy | 4th | | | | 4th | | | | |
| National ||||||||||
| German Champ. | | 2nd | 2nd | | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st |
# Dysprosium titanate

Dysprosium titanate (Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ or Dy$_2$TiO$_5$) is an inorganic compound, specifically a ceramic of the titanate family. Two common phases of this compound exist with differing properties: Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ and Dy$_2$TiO$_5$. Dysprosium titanate is commonly used throughout the nuclear industry in nuclear control rods and as a host for nuclear waste.

## History

Dysprosium titanate was one of the first materials that was discovered to be a spin ice, along with holmium titanate (Ho$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$), in 1997. The existence of these materials was predicted by Linus Pauling in 1935, but neutron scattering experiments confirmed their existence as holmium titanate satisfied the model.
Since its discovery as a spin ice, dysprosium titanate has continued to be a focus of research because the magnetic frustration that results from its pyrochlore lattice. In 2009, quasiparticles resembling magnetic monopoles were observed at low temperature and high magnetic field through neutron-scattering experiments. The study demonstrated the existence of Dirac strings in dysprosium titanate and the presence of monopole characteristics at low temperatures.

## Structure

The Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ phase exhibits a cubic pyrochlore structure where the Dy$^{3+}$ ions form a network of corner-sharing tetrahedra. It is notable for its ability to withstand structural change in the presence of radiation from high energy ions.
Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ can be "stuffed" by adding additional lanthanide atoms into the pyrochlore to generate Dy$_2$TiO$_{5.}$ In this instance, Dy$^{3+}$ is 5-coordinated with oxygen, which produces an orthorhombic structure in the Dy$_2$TiO$_5$ phase. This phase also possesses a large neutron absorption cross section, which makes it desirable for various nuclear applications. This can, however, pose difficulties when characterizing this compound through the use of neutron diffraction.

## Synthesis

Dysprosium titanate can be synthesized using various methods. The traditional synthesis process involve high-frequency induction melting of dysprosium oxide and titania in a cooled crucible. Sol-gel synthesis has also been utilized as a method to produce the compound in powder form. More recent developments have displayed the viability of mechanochemical processes using anatase and dysprosium oxide as reagents to produce dysprosium titanate nanopowders.

## Uses and Applications

Dysprosium titanate has become a desirable material in nuclear industry because of various properties. The compound has a large neutron absorption cross-section, low thermal expansion, high heat capacity, high radiation resistance, and a high melting point, all of which make dysprosium titanate a favorable material to use in control rods for nuclear reactors.
Specifically, this material is used in the control rods for industrial thermal neutron reactors such as the VVER-1000 reactor type.
# Shivand Rural District

Shivand Rural District (Persian: دهستان شیوند) is in Qarun District of Dezpart County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nowshivand, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 277 people in 65 households.

## History

In 2021, Dehdez District was separated from Izeh County in the establishment of Dezpart County and renamed the Central District. Donbaleh Rud-e Jonubi Rural District was separated from the district in the formation of Qarun District, and Shivand Rural District was created in the new district.
# Svetozar Čiplić

Svetozar Čiplić (Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Чиплић, born 21 April 1965) is a Serbian politician. He served as the Minister of Human and Minority Rights from 2008 to 2011.

## Education and career

Born in Novi Sad in 1965, he graduated from the University of Novi Sad Faculty of Law, where he also received a master's degree. He has been employed at the school since 1995, where he teaches constitutional law.
He was a member of the Novi Sad Executive Council, in charge of administration and regulations in 2001. From 2002 to 2007, he served on the bench of the Serbian Constitutional Court. From 7 July 2008 to 14 March 2011, he was the Minister of Human and Minority Rights, until his Ministry merged into Ministry of State Administration and Local Self-Government.
Čiplić publicly stated that minority ethnic group voter registration went smoothly despite widespread allegations of fraud.

## Personal life

He is married, and has two children.
# Infernal columns

The infernal columns (French: colonnes infernales) were operations led by the French Revolutionary general Louis Marie Turreau in the War in the Vendée, after the failure of the Royalist Virée de Galerne. Following the passage on 1 August 1793 and 1 October 1793 by the National Convention of laws, the National Convention stated that the goal was to exterminate "brigands" in the area south of the river Loire (the so-called Vendée), 12 army columns were formed and sent through the Vendée to exterminate the local anti-Republican population. In January 1794, Turreau wrote to the National Convention's Minister for War, to lay out his proposed tactics: "My purpose is to burn everything, to leave nothing but what is essential to establish the necessary quarters for exterminating the rebels." It has been estimated that from 16,000 to 40,000 inhabitants were killed during the first quarter of 1794.
The employment and actions of these "infernal columns" continues to be a subject of heated debate, both in France and abroad. French historian Reynald Secher has gone so far as to characterise their operations as a "Franco-French genocide," while Claude Langlois of the Institute of History of the French Revolution has derided Secher's claims as "quasi-mythological." The debate has become highly politicized. The term 'infernal column' has also been used for a similar movement in the Voulet–Chanoine Mission.
# Turks and Caicos Islands at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics

The Turks and Caicos Islands competed at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, United Kingdom, from 4–13 August 2017.

## Results
### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ifeanyichukwu Otuonye | 200 metres | 21.91 | 44 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Nora Kimball

Nora Koito Kimball-Mentzos or simply Nora Kimball is a ballet teacher and former American ballerina, who is often overlooked for being one of the first African American female soloists—the second -- [at American Ballet Theatre (ABT). She danced with the ABT in the mid-1980s and as an African American who is also Asian American, preceded Misty Copeland, who is often credited as the first. ABT has been described as one of the three great American-style classical ballet companies on the world stage today (along with New York City Ballet and San Francisco Ballet).
Kimball trained in New York City at the National Academy of Ballet before attending The Harkness House for Ballet Arts. Studied further at The American Ballet Theatre School. Kimball has been a soloist with the Nederlands Dans Theater and the Frankfurt Ballet. She has also worked with Eliot Feld Ballet, the Stuttgart Ballett, Karole Armitage and Peter Sellars. She had moved to the Frankfurt Ballet by 1991. She has worked with William Forsythe. She continues to work in Frankfurt teaching for the Zena Rommett Floor Barre Technique TM since 2001 and the Dancedepartment of the Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst.

## Notable performances

At ABT Clark Tippet made his first ballet, Enough Said, on Kimball, the rest of the cast being Robert Hill, Gabrielle Brown, Lucette Katerndahl, Kathleen Moore, Ethan Brown, John Gardner and Ross Yearsley.
Kimball starred in Peter Sellars' revival of The Seven Deadly Sins with music and lyrics by Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht in their final operatic collaboration (the original choreography by Balanchine goes uncredited here.) Kent Nagano conducts the orchestra of the Opéra National de Lyon for this performance. Of the twelve scenes on the DVD, the first nine of which are choreographed, Kimball is credited on four.
Although the production was filmed in 1993, the 47 minute work was not released until June 10, 2003, and intercuts footage from performances in Memphis, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore, and San Francisco. Sellars' direction is widely criticized.
She was one of three solo dancers in El Niño, an opera-oratorio by the American composer John Adams, during its premiers in December 2000 in Paris and January 2001 in San Francisco. Both premiers were under the stage direction of Peter Sellars and musical direction of Kent Nagano.
Kimball also appeared in David Gordon's 1987 production, Made in U.S.A., which starred Mikhail Baryshnikov. The show included three ballets entitled Valda and Misha, TV Nine Lives, and Murder; Valda and Misha was commissioned for the telecast.
# Erna Maisack

Erna Maisack (born 13 October 1941) is a German sprinter. She competed in the women's 400 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Machadinho Hydroelectric Power Plant

The Machadinho Hydroelectric Power Plant is a dam and hydroelectric power plant on the Pelotas River near Machadinho on the border of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The power station has a 1,140 MW (1,530,000 hp) capacity and is supplied with water by a concrete face rock-fill embankment dam. It is owned and operated by Machadinho Energetica and produces the equivalent of 37% of the energy consumed in Santa Catarina.

## Background

Since 1966 and 1981, a series of studies were carried out on the Machadinho Dam and by 1982 a design was submitted and approved. The plant was slated to being commercial operations in 1993 but the project was delayed because of environmental concerns. The designers reevaluated the project and moved the dam's location further upstream on the river. After a new series of studies and new design were submitted, the project was approved in 1995. The design was prepared by Coyne et Bellier. Construction began on March 2, 1998 and by October 26, 1999, the river diversion was complete. By August 28, 2001, the dam was near completion and it began to impound the Pelotas River. On February 16, 2002, the first generator began to operate and by August 31, 2002 the dam was completed.

## Machadinho Dam

The Machadinho Dam is a 700-metre (2,300 ft) long and 126-metre (413 ft) high concrete face rock-fill embankment dam with a crest elevation of 480 metres (1,570 ft) above sea level. The dam's reservoir has a capacity of 3,300×10^$^6$ m$^3$ (2,700,000 acre⋅ft), a surface area of 79 square kilometres (31 sq mi) and a catchment area of 32,500 square kilometres (12,500 sq mi). The dam supports a spillway with eight floodgates measuring 21.8 metres (72 ft) wide and 18 metres (59 ft) tall with maximum capacity of 35,703 cubic metres per second (1,260,800 cu ft/s).

## Power plant

The above ground power station is 130.2 metres (427 ft) long and 37.5 metres (123 ft) wide and contains three 136 ton, 380 megawatts (510,000 hp) generators powered by Francis turbines. The first generator was commissioned February 16, 2002, the second on April 30 and the final on December 7 of that same year.
# Léonise Valois

Léonise Valois (French pronunciation:; October 11, 1868 – May 20, 1936) was a Canadian poet and journalist. She was a pioneer in Canadian women's journalism and was the first French Canadian woman to publish a collection of poetry.

## Biography

The daughter of physician Louis-Joseph-Avila Valois and Marie-Louise Bourque, she was born Marie-Attala-Amanda-Léonise Valois in Vaudreuil, Quebec. She studied with the Sisters of Saint Anne in Vaudreui and then continued her studies at the convent of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary in Beauharnois. After completing her education in 1883, Valois worked as bookkeeper for her father's medical practice and helping him with his patients. In 1886, the family moved to Sainte-Cunégonde. After her father's death in 1898, she worked at the registry office in Montreal to help support the family. Around the same time, she began working as a journalist for the women's pages in various newspapers in the Montreal area, including Le Monde illustré, La Presse, Le Journal de Françoise and Le Canada. In 1907, she began working for the post office in Montreal; she retired from the Post Office in 1929. In 1929, she became editor for the women's pages of La Terre de chez nous, the newsletter of the Union Catholique des Cultivateurs. She was forced to retire as editor in 1931 following a serious accident.
In 1889, Valois had several poems published in Le Recueil littéraire of Sainte-Cunégonde. Until 1910, she published under the name Atala. In 1910, she published Fleurs sauvages: poésies, the first poetry collection by a French Canadian woman. Valois published little during the following years except for a few articles in the Montreal periodicals L’Autorité nouvelle and La Revue moderne. In 1934, she published a second collection Feuilles tombées. In 1936, shortly before her death, she won the annual poetry competition held by the Société des Poètes Canadiens-Français.
Valois died at the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal hospital on May 20, 1936, at the age of 67, and was buried at Vaudreuil Cemetery.
# Vug

A vug, vugh, or vugg (/ˈvʌɡ/) is a small- to medium-sized cavity inside rock. It may be formed through a variety of processes. Most commonly, cracks and fissures opened by tectonic activity (folding and faulting) are partially filled by quartz, calcite, and other secondary minerals. Open spaces within breccias formed by an ancient collapse are another important source of vugs.
Vugs may also form when mineral crystals or fossils inside a rock matrix are later removed through erosion or dissolution processes, leaving behind irregular voids. The inner surfaces of such vugs are often coated with a crystal druse. Fine crystals are often found in vugs where the open space allows the free development of external crystal form.
The term vug is not applied to veins and fissures that have become completely filled, but may be applied to any small cavities within such veins. Geodes are a vug-formed rock, although that term is usually reserved for more rounded crystal-lined cavities in sedimentary rocks and ancient lavas.
The word vug was introduced to the English language by Cornish miners, from the days when Cornwall was a major supplier of tin. The Cornish word was vooga, which meant "cave".

## Images

* A vug in a limonite matrix is the host for a layer of green botryoids of conichalcite and colorless, translucent rhombs of calcite
* Vug with rosettes of deep blue azurite on a field of malachite
* Goosecreekite with heulandite-Ca on quartz
* Intergrown botryoids of blue-green rosasite inside the curve of a limonite vug
* Example of open space in a vug allowing the formation of crystallized minerals
* Apple green pyromorphite cluster on limonite matrix
* Vug in a limonitic matrix is the host for bi-pyramidal, brownish-red crystals of wulfenite
* Crystallized groutite scattered about a hollow vug
* In a vug of limonite are intergrown clusters of rhombohedral calcite with inclusions of fibrous aurichalcite
* Stellerite, epistilbite, and eluorapophyllite in a basaltic vug
* Nestled in its matrix vug are five golden-yellow crystals of sulfur
* In an open pocket in a matrix of limonite there is a cluster of deep robin's-egg blue chrysocolla with a covering of drusy quartz
# Sybil Cholmondeley, Marchioness of Cholmondeley

Sybil Rachel Betty Cecile Cholmondeley, Marchioness of Cholmondeley CBE (/ˈtʃʌmli/ CHUM-lee, born Sybil Rachel Betty Cecile Sassoon; 30 January 1894 – 26 December 1989), styled Countess of Rocksavage from 1913 to 1923, was a British socialite, patron of the arts, and Chief Staff Officer in the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) during the Second World War. She belonged to the prominent Sassoon and Rothschild families.

## Family and life

Sybil Sassoon was born in London, to a Jewish family. She was the daughter of Sir Edward Sassoon (1856–1912), 2nd Bt., and Baroness Aline Caroline de Rothschild (1865–1909). Her brother was Sir Philip Sassoon.
On 6 August 1913, she married George Cholmondeley, Earl of Rocksavage (19 May 1883 – 16 September 1968). He later succeeded as the 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley. They had two sons and one daughter:
* Lady Aline Caroline Cholmondeley (5 October 1916 – 30 June 2015)
* George Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley (24 April 1919 – 13 March 1990)
* Lord John George Cholmondeley (15 November 1920 – October 1986)
Lady Cholmondeley was largely responsible for restoring her husband's family estate, Houghton Hall, to its former glory. She was a generous patron of the arts and had an extensive art collection by the time of her death.
The Sybil Sassoon Gardens at Houghton were opened to the public in 1996. Lady Sybil's grandson, the current marquess, developed the gardens in honour of his grandmother. In 2008, the garden was named Historic Houses Association and Christie's Garden of the Year. In "the pool garden", the entwined initials "SS" are represented in the outlines of the clipped box-hedge which surrounds plantings of lavender and rosemary. She is buried in the Church of St Martin on the Houghton Hall estate. Through her son George Hugh Cholmondeley, Sybil is the great-grandmother of actor Jack Huston.
She was Chief Staff Officer to Director WRNS from 12 November 1939 until 1946. On 9 February 1945 she was appointed as Superintendent of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) and the following year was made CBE.

## Titles

She was identified by a number of changing titles during the several phases of her life:
* 1894–1913: Miss Sybil Sassoon
* 1913–1923: Countess of Rocksavage
* 1923–1946: The Most Honourable The Marchioness of Cholmondeley
* 1946–1968: The Most Honourable The Marchioness of Cholmondeley, CBE
* 1968–1989: The Most Honourable The Dowager Marchioness of Cholmondeley, CBE

## Honours

* 1939–1945 Superintendent in Women's Royal Naval Service
* 1939–1946 Chief Staff Officer in Women's Royal Naval Service
* 1946 Birthday Honours Commander of Order of the British Empire (CBE)
# Manjimup Senior High School

Manjimup Senior High School is a comprehensive independent public co-educational high day school, located in Manjimup, a regional centre in the South West region of Western Australia, 307 kilometres (191 mi) south of Perth.
The school was established in 1957 and in 2018 had an enrolment of 586 students between Year 7 and Year 12, approximately 6% of whom were Indigenous Australians.

## Overview

The high school was ranked seventh in the TEE leader tables in 2006 and had performed strongly since 2002 where it was constantly placed in the top 20 schools in the state.
The Principal of the school from 2005 to 2020 was Kerry Mather. A new Principal, Ben Lagana was appointed in 2021.
Enrolments at the school have been in decline over the past few years with 667 students at the school in 2007, 708 in 2008, 670 in 2009, 618 in 2010, 570 in 2011, and 574 in 2012. By 2018, enrolments had stabilised at approximately 580 students. In the 2021 school year, there were 600 students enrolled.
In 2010 two students were killed in a head-on collision.
# Erna Sondheim

Erna Sondheim (17 February 1904 – 9 January 2008) was a German fencer. She competed in the women's individual foil event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Ain't No Trick (It Takes Magic)

"Ain't No Trick (It Takes Magic)" is a song written by Jim Hurt and Steve Pippin, and recorded by the American country music artist Lee Greenwood. It was released in December 1982 as the fourth single from the album Inside Out. The song reached #7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1982–1983) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 7 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 27 |
# Nikon Coolpix L100

The Nikon Coolpix L100 is a semi-compact digital camera introduced by Nikon Corporation in 2009 as part of the Nikon Coolpix series. It belonged to the "Life" series of Nikon digital cameras, which were intended for beginner and amateur users. It was replaced by the Nikon Coolpix L120 in 2011.

## Description

The Nikon Coolpix L100 provided good results without the operator needing to acquire professional-level skills. The L100 still is a good choice for beginners and amateurs. With an optical zoom of 15x, it is an improvement over older compact digital cameras that generally had a maximum optical zoom of 5x. The Nikon Coolpix L100 competed against the Sony DSC-H20 and Canon Sx120, which have similar configurations and were available at similar prices.

## Features

* Angular glass lens Nikkor reaching an optical zoom up to 15x (28–420 mm)
* Shutter 1 / 1000 – 2 sec
* Sensor 10 megapixels (500 x 760 mm)
* Setting ISO 80–3200
* Viewfinder: 3-inch LCD
* Power standard for AA batteries: alkaline or lithium batteries (recommended by the manufacturer); support for NiMH batteries can be added by upgrading the firmware
* JPEG photo

## Compatibility with rechargeable batteries

Due to a bug in the camera's firmware, rechargeable batteries cannot keep up with the power demands of the camera. An upgrade of the firmware is available from the company's website.