OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chheharta Sahib

Chheharta Sahib is a town located 7 km west of Amritsar city of Punjab in India, on the Grand Trunk Road leading to the Pakistan border. The town derives its name from the Gurudwara Chheharta Sahib, established by the fifth Sikh Guru Guru Arjan Dev ji

## History

Guru Arjan Dev ji, the fifth Sikh guru, had a large well constructed in this area. The well was so large that it required 6 Persian wheels to operate. Chheharta got its name from the six wheels, where six is chhe (Punjabi: ਛੇ), and the Persian wheel is called hart (Punjabi: ਹਰਟ ).
In the modern era, Chheharta gained prominence due to the contributions of Communist Party of India leaders Satya Pal Dang and Vimla Dang, who made it their home in the early 1950s. The couple played a pivotal role in shaping Chheharta’s socio-political landscape, dedicating their lives to public welfare and justice. Satya Pal Dang served as the first president of Chheharta municipality in 1953 and went on to become a key figure in Punjab’s political history. Under Vimla Dang’s leadership, Chheharta became the first place in Punjab to establish a creche for working-class women, setting a precedent for progressive community development.
Their principled lifestyle, commitment to public service, and fight against terrorism left an enduring legacy in the region, inspiring future generations to uphold values of integrity and social responsibility.

## Present

The town is now an industrial township with a large concentration of population. The Town attracts huge visitors on the occasion of Basant Panchmi in which the Old tradition of Kite Flying is still very common. The Crowd is enriched with people wearing yellow turbans which hold a significance to the spring festival. It is famous for Basant Panchmi which is a festival marking Spring season people living in Punjab. People from all over the Punjab visit and fly kites and offer prayers to their Guru .

## Rail

Cheharta Railway Station is the first railway station while going towards Attari railway station.
It is famous for its historical Gurudwara. And is the main station for import and export with Pakistan.
It has 2 platforms. One is for passengers and other one is for freight train. Government has planned to construct 2 washing lines in this railway station.
The Town is well connected to the other parts of the state, being 4 km away from the Amritsar Junction railway station. Chheharta Railway Station is the main terminal station. The Railway Station operation is confined mainly to goods trains. It is heavily used to load and unload merchandise which earns it a monthly revenue of 9 crore. The Station meet the local demands with the help of Solitary passenger train Amritsar-Chheharta-Attari and Attari-Chheharta-Amritsar. The Ministry of Railways have allocated Rs 60 crore for its infrastructure. The railway station will be developed into a satellite railway station.
# Padbury

Padbury is a village and civil parish in north Buckinghamshire, England. It is located on the A413 main road that links Buckingham with Winslow.

## History

The village name is Old English in origin, and means 'Padda's fortress'. In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Pateberie. The Manor of Padbury was exchanged, around the time of the Norman Conquest, for the Manor of Iver between Robert Doyley and Robert Clarenbold of the Marsh.
The village had the distinction in Domesday as being one of the few villages in the country still owned by a native rather than a Norman family. It remained in this family (who later took the name 'de Wolverton' after the town of Wolverton) until 1442 when it was sold to All Souls College, Oxford.
Padbury is near Milton Keynes, just under 50 miles north of London.
During the English Civil War Padbury was the site of a skirmish between the Royalist and Parliamentarian forces. The Royalists won on this occasion, and the burial of eight Parliamentarian soldiers is recorded in the burial register for 2 July 2 1643.
In December 2014 a hoard of 5,251½ silver coins from the late Anglo Saxon period was found in a field at Lenborough near Padbury by an 8-year-old boy among others. It had originally been deposited within a lead container; the coins were sent to the British Museum for evaluation and conservation.

## Hospitality

The village features two pubs, 'The New Inn' and 'The Blackbird'.

## Facilities

The village has two tennis courts, a football pitch and a Multi Use Games Area (MUGA).

## Education

Padbury Church of England School is a mixed Church of England primary school. It is a voluntary controlled school, which takes children from the age of four through to the age of eleven. The school has approximately 110 pupils. It has been ranked in the top 10 performing schools of over 220 primary schools in Buckinghamshire.
# Guinea-Bissau at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics

Guinea-Bissau competed at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow, Russia, from 10–18 August 2013. A team of one athlete was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results
### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Holder da Silva | 100 metres | 10.59 | 8 Q | 10.70 | 52 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Jiangxi Road station

Jiangxi Road (Chinese: 江西路) is a station on Line 3 of the Qingdao Metro. It opened on 18 December 2016.
# Amaranthus blitoides

Amaranthus blitoides, commonly called mat amaranth, prostrate pigweed, procumbent pigweed, prostrate amaranth, or matweed, is a glabrous annual plants species. It usually grows up to 0.6 m, though it may grow up to 1 m (3 feet). It flowers in the summer to fall.
It is believed to have been a native of the central and possibly eastern United States, but it has naturalized in almost all of temperate North America. It has also naturalized in South America and Eurasia. Some authorities list it as an invasive species.

## Uses

The seeds of Amaranthus blitoides were used as a food source by a number of Native American groups. Among the Zuni people, the seeds were originally eaten raw, but later ground with black corn meal, made into balls and eaten.
# Laticifer

A laticifer is a type of elongated secretory cell found in the leaves and/or stems of plants that produce latex and rubber as secondary metabolites. Laticifers may be divided into:
* Articulated laticifers, i.e., composed of a series of cells joined together, or
* Non-articulated laticifers, consisting of one long coenocytic cell.
Non-articulated laticifers begin their growth from the meristematic tissue of the embryo, termed the laticifer initial, and can exhibit continual growth throughout the lifetime of the plant. Laticifer tubes have irregularly edged walls and a larger inner diameter than the surrounding parenchyma cells. In the development of the cell, elongation occurs via karyokinesis and no cell plate develops resulting in coenocytic cells which extend throughout the plant. These cells can reach up to tens of centimeters long and can be branched or unbranched. They are thought to have a role in wound healing and as defense against herbivory, as well as pathogen defense, and are often used for taxonomy.
Laticifers were first described by Anton de Bary in 1877.
Laticifers are highly specialized cells which can produce a wide variety of proteins. These proteins include enzymes functioning as proteinases and chitinases which help defend the producing plant against insects and other herbivores. In one study it was found that the presence and concentration of some proteins can differ greatly within the genus Croton relative to three species studied.

## Cell Turgor

Pressurized flow of latex has been studied in multiple Asclepias species as a form of defense in addition to the secondary metabolites stored in the latex. In order to augment the defense of the plant some non-articulated laticifer cells contain highly pressurized stores of latex. It has been noted that pressure may be produced by the osmotic uptake of water into the laticifer cell resulting in a turgid cell. When pierced the cell bursts and latex travels quickly through the canal system to stop the herbivore. A desert species, Bursera schlechtendalii, pressurizes the canals right where leaves attach to the stem so that when a grazer eats a leaf latex shoots out. This process is termed the “squirt gun” defense.
# Winsloe South

Winsloe South is a former municipality in Prince Edward Island, Canada that held community status between 1986 and 2017. It amalgamated with Brackley on December 15, 2017.
# E. B. Babcock

Ernest Brown Babcock (July 10, 1877 – December 8, 1954) was an American plant geneticist who pioneered the understanding of plant evolution in terms of genetics. He is particularly known for seeking to understand by field investigations and extensive experiments, the entire polyploid apomictic genus Crepis, in which he recognize 196 species. He published more than 100 articles and books explaining plant genetics, including the seminal textbook (with Roy Elwood Clausen) Genetics in Relation to Agriculture. The standard author abbreviation Babc. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. He instructed Marion Elizabeth Stilwell Cave.
# Kate's Well

St. Catherine's Well or Kate's Well is a historical natural spring well of significant interest and sits on holy ground, at the foot of Kirk O' Shott's Parish Church, otherwise known as (Shottskirk) in the village of Salsburgh, North Lanarkshire. The well dates back to the 15th century, and derives from the church's former past when it was once a Catholic place of worship as St. Catherines Chapel, which has origins from Catherine of Sienna.
The water runs off from nearby hills and has a jovial longstanding joke within the nearby village of how the water runs through the Shottskirk cemetery bodies, which of course is neither true or founded.
Kate's Well is also the scene of the local legendary giant Bertram de Shotts's demise; a gripping tale is told how a young man, namely Willielmo De Muirhead, 1st Laird of Muirhead, killed the Giant. With cunning patience he ambushed Bertram de Shotts, immobilising him by slicing both his hamstrings as he lay down to drink at Kate's Well. Disorientated, Bertram de Shotts was then decapitated in an unpleasant death. A proud, and now wealthy, De Muirhead then carried the blooded head to the King and was rewarded with a 'Hawk's Flight' of land. This land subsequently became Muirhead's Lauchope estate.
The well itself received a much needed boost through a grant organized thanks to the local Community Council group in the early 2000s, which allowed its extensive renovation.
# Guinea at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics

Guinea competed at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow, Russia, from 10 to 18 August 2013. A team of one athlete was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results
### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Mamadou Barry | 1500 metres | | | 4:16.38 SB | 36 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Jagdish Lal

Jagdish Lal (8 October 1920 – 3 March 1997) was an Indian cricketer. He played sixteen first-class matches for eight different teams between 1938 and 1959.
# Decorus tungting

Decorus tungting is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, the carps, barbs, minnows and related fishes. This species is endmeic to China where it wa sformerly widespread in the Dongting Hu and its drainage basin, its range has contracted and in the 15 years up tp 2023 it was only recorded from the main stream of the Yuan Jiang, in Huaihua, Hunan and Xinshao, and in the main stream of the Zhi Shu, a feeder stream of Dongting Hu.
# Hindsburg, New York

Hindsburg is a hamlet in the town of Murray in Orleans County, New York, United States. It is named after Jacob Hinds, a native of Arlington in Bennington County, Vermont. Hinds settled in Murray circa 1829 and purchased a farm from Jared Luttenton, who had previously constructed a dwelling on the lot. The area quickly became a point of shipping for wheat and produce by way of the Erie Canal and a warehouse was constructed by Hinds in 1830. With no stops between Albion and Hulberton prior to the establishment of Hindsburg, commerce grew quickly and businesses opened in the vicinity.
Shortly after the construction of the first warehouse, Joel, Darius, and Franklin Hinds arrived in the vicinity and partnered with their brother in establishing a framed hotel and dry goods store. A small settlement quickly developed at this location as settlers, traveling by way of the Erie Canal, departed north for Kendall after stopping at Hindsburg. The little village remained active in commerce until the completion of the railroad, at which time businesses waned and the population became stagnant. In 1894, the hamlet consisted of two warehouses, a store, blacksmith shop, post office, and approximately fifteen dwellings.