OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geological Society of Australia

The Geological Society of Australia (GSA) was established as a non-profit organisation in 1952 to promote, advance and support earth sciences in Australia. The founding chairperson was Edwin Sherbon Hills.
William Rowan Browne was a founder of the society and was president 1955–56.
| Year | Name of President |
| 1952–1955 | Edwin Sherbon Hills |
| 1955–1956 | William Rowan Browne |
| 1956–1958 | A. R. Alderman |
| 1959–1961 | R. T. Prider |
| 1961–1962 | N. H. Fisher |
| 1962–1964 | Owen A. Jones |
| 1964–1965 | Alan Knox Denmead |
| 1964–1965 | J. A. Dulhunty |
| 1965–1967 | Maxwell R. Banks |
| 1967–1968 | F. Canavan |
| 1968–1969 | Nelly Hooper Ludbrook |
| 1969–1971 | A. F. Trendall |
| 1971–1973 | D.A Brown |
| 1973–1975 | Dorothy Hill |
| 1975–1977 | G.M. Philip |
| 1977–1978 | Sam W. Carey |
| 1978–1980 | J. F. Lovering |
| 1980–1981 | C. D. Branch |
| 1981–1983 | R. D. Gee |
| 1983–1984 | M. J. Rickard |
| 1984–1986 | J. B. Waterhouse |
| 1986–1988 | D. M. Boyd |
| 1988–1990 | I. R. Johnson |
| 1990–1992 | D. H. Green |
| 1992–1994 | P. J. Legge |
| 1994–1996 | David Groves |
| 1996–1998 | D. Denham |
| 1998–2000 | R. A. Henderson |
| 2000–2002 | E. C. Leitch |
| 2002–2004 | J. D. Foden |
| 2004–2006 | A. J. Crawford |
| 2006–2008 | A. J. Gleadow |
| 2008–2010 | Peter Cawood |
| 2010–2012 | Brad Pillans |
| 2012–2014 | Laurie Hutton |
| 2014–2016 | Graham Carr |
| 2016–2018 | Caroline Forbes |
| 2018–2020 | Jo Parr |
| 2020– | Pete Betts |

## Publications

* Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (AJES) – official journal of the GSA, eight issues per year
* The Australian Geologist (TAG) – quarterly magazine that includes technical and special features, society news, conference details, regular reports, book reviews and news from Australia's geoscience sector
* Alcheringa – quarterly publication of the Australasian Association of Palaeontologists Specialist Group (published through Taylor & Francis)
* Geoz – the GSA's electronic bulletin
# Maino De Maineri

Maino De Maineri, also known as Magninus Mediolanensis, (died 1368) was a 14th-century Italian physician, astrologer and writer of many regimen sanitatis—manuals of popular advice on how to live a preventive lifestyle, which were especially popular from the mid-13th century onwards. Milanese Maino was a Regent master at the University of Paris and was later court physician and astrologer to the House of Visconti in Milan. One of his last works, written about 1360 and entitled Libellus de preservatione ab epydimia, focusses on the astrological roots of the Black Death.

## Maineri Patrons

Robert I, king of Scots, (1274-1329), Robert the Bruce. In an article for the Scottish Historical Review entitled 'Physician to the Bruce: Maino De Maineri in Scotland', Caroline Proctor says: "The implications for the history of medicine in medieval Scotland are significant, suggesting that, at least at court level, Scots demanded and could afford and attract a high quality of medical treatment." She urged a re-evaluation of the medical culture of medieval Scotland.
# Geological Survey of Belgium

The Geological Survey of Belgium (GSB, French: Service géologique de Belgique) is a Belgian federal research institute for Belgian geology. It is a department of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. The institute is as a resource centre and project partner which produces maps, books and databases of Belgian geology. The GSB is a member of the European Geological Surveys network.

## History

The institute was founded in 1896 and includes a Documentation Center for Earth Sciences on geological and hydrogeological data and a Research and Development department.
# The Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights

The Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights is a campaign mobilizes international action to end gender discrimination in nationality laws through local and international advocacy, activism, research, capacity building and knowledge sharing.
The Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights works on amending nationality laws in the 50+ countries that prevent women from conferring their nationality to non-national spouses; and to reform nationality laws in the 25 countries which deny mothers their right to confer their nationality to their children, on equal basis with fathers.

## Background and history

Prior to the launch of the campaign in 2014, efforts to remove gender discrimination laws were only recently undertaken at a national level.

## Founding Steering Committee and Coalition members

The Campaign's Founding Steering Committee include: the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, Equal Rights Trust, UNHCR, Equality Now, Women's Refugee Commission and Women's Learning Partnership. The Global Campaign Coalition members include NGOs, UN agencies, activists, academics, civil society organizations and government allies.
The Campaign is housed in New York by the Women's Refugee Commission.

## Campaign Activities

The Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights' core activities include local and international advocacy, capacity building and research and knowledge sharing. It collaborates with local and regional organizations to advocate for nationality law reform in target countries. The Campaign also mobilizes international actors, including UN actors, to take action to end gender discrimination in nationality laws.
# Ole Alcumbrac

Dr. Ole Alcumbrac, DMV is a wildlife veterinarian known for hosting The Wild Life of Dr. Ole on Nat Geo Wild and Wild Ops on The Outdoor Channel. He is recipient of an Emmy Award (from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, Rocky Mountain Southwest Chapter) for his production and hosting work on The Jaguar Project.

## Veterinary and wildlife conservation work

Since 1994, Alcumbrac has owned and operated White Mountain Animal Hospital, a mixed animal and exotic practice in northern Arizona, providing treatment to any animal that comes through the door. The practice has overseen several zoological operations, including patients from the prestigious Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, the Phoenix Zoo, and Bearizona Wildlife Park. Alcumbrac is a recipient of the Award of Excellence from the Arizona Game and Fish Commission. He also serves as an adjunct faculty member at Texas Tech University where he teaches formal classes and practicals internationally on wildlife capture; he previously taught at Northland Pioneer College, where he was an instructor of Veterinary Sciences.

## Personal Information

Ole was born and raised in Phoenix, AZ into a family of 6, with 2 sisters and 1 brother. He attended Arizona State University where he was president of the pre-veterinary club as well as Colorado State University where he earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree. Dr. Ole began his career as a kennel assistant, and over the course of 25 years has consulted with the California Condors and Black Footed Ferret Program and dedicated time to disease research for Desert Bighorn Sheep.

## Television

In 2021 Alcumbrac starred in Nat Geo Wild's, The Wild Life of Dr. Ole. He also has television experience from 2019 as the host of the Outdoor Channel original series Wild Ops. He has also made several appearances in Arizona Game and Fish Department's Wildlife Views.
# NorthMet Deposit

The NorthMet Deposit is a deposit of minerals located in northeastern Minnesota contained within the geological region known as the Duluth Complex. The minerals contained in the deposit include copper, nickel, platinum, silver, palladium, and titanium.

## Background

The NorthMet Deposit is located at the eastern end of the Mesabi Iron Range in St. Louis County, Minnesota near the cities of Babbitt and Hoyt Lakes. Geologists have discovered that the deposit contains copper, nickel, silver, platinum, titanium, and palladium. Geologists estimate that the deposits totals about four billion tons and could be worth of one trillion dollars. The precious metals contained within the deposit are essential for items such as computers, cell phones, and cars. The rights to this deposit can be privately leased and are currently being leased by Polymet Mining Corporation.

## Controversy

Although PolyMet controls the rights to the deposit, there is much controversy about whether they should be able to mine it. These minerals would be harvested through the traditional Polymet Mining Corporation process. The problem with mining these types of minerals using this process is that the minerals contain sulfites which can cause acid mine drainage or mercury related problems. This causes the water from the surrounding areas to not be up to Minnesota water standards. Therefore, the water must be treated before it will be usable and safe to drink. The amount of time that this water will need to be treated is unclear, as it can't be modeled. Proponents of mining the deposit think that the economic benefit would outweigh the possible environmental costs. The debate is the largest Minnesota's DNR has ever seen, with the public filing more than 49,000 comments on the issue.
# John Shepherd (jockey)

John Shepherd (9 October 1765 - 1848) was a four times British Classic-winning jockey and trainer. He was a pioneering Northern jockey, one of the few of his time to move south to Newmarket, the home of British horse racing and gain a reputation there.

## Career

Shepherd was born at Cockhill, near York on 9 October 1765. He had an ideal build for a jockey and became an apprentice at the stables of John Tesseyman at Moor Monkton near his home aged only 12. According to some sources he would ride his first race four years later. In others his first race is said to be on a horse called Dusty Miller in an "ever-to-be-remembered race" between Pacolet and Partington in 1784.
Having established his reputation as a jockey, he was hired to ride the horses of Richard Savile, the future Earl of Scarbrough, and later to train them as well, at stables at Langton Wold in Malton. He would also ride for the Reverend Mr Goodriche.
After several years in Malton, he moved south to Newmarket to ride and train for Lord Foley, for which he was paid an annual retainer of £200. It was for Foley that he would have his single success in the Derby, on Paris in 1806, winning by a head from a field of twelve.
A further move would see him ride for Sir M M Sykes. He would also ride for Henry Peirse and Sir Frank Standish. He would twice win the St Leger for Gilbert Crompton - on Lounger in 1797 and Quiz in 1801 - and once, aged nearly 50, for the Duke of Hamilton on William in 1814. Other horses on which he made his name included Cammillus, Magistrate, Prime Minister, Sir Malagigi, Rosetta, Rosanne, Reveller, Lisette, Scancalaldi, Epperston, Cambyses and Consul.

## Riding style and character

His specialism was four mile heats, and he was regarded as the best of his generation at judging pace in these races. His skill was such that it dispelled the prejudice normally shown by the Newmarket establishment to jockeys from the north. Indeed, with other Yorkshire jockeys John Mangle and John Jackson, it is said he "shone". He was also regarded as an honest and dependable jockey.

## Personal life

In his later years, in the late 1830s, Shepherd ran a pub in Malton. He received a pension from the Bentinck Benevolent Fund (the first person to do so) as a result of the years spent in the employ of the Earl of Scarbrough. Despite this, he died in 1848 in poverty, with a large family having swallowed up his savings.

## Major wins

Great Britain
* Epsom Derby - Paris (1806)
* St Leger - (3) - Lounger (1797), Quiz (1801), William (1814)
# Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry

The Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry is located in Jena, Germany. It was created in 1997, and moved into new buildings 2002. It is one of 86 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft).
50°54′38″N 11°34′2″E﻿ / ﻿50.91056°N 11.56722°E﻿ / 50.91056; 11.56722

## Departments and research groups

* Biogeochemical Processes (Susan E. Trumbore)
** Molecular Biogeochemistry (Gerd Gleixner)
** Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology (Carlos A. Sierra)
** Soil Biogeochemistry (Marion Schrumpf)
** Plant Allocation (Henrik Hartmann)
** Landscape Proceesses (Shaun Levick)
** Emeritus Group (Ernst Detlef Schulze)
** Tanguro Flux (Susan E. Trumbore)
* Biogeochemical Integration (Markus Reichstein)
** Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions and Experimentation (Mirco Migliavacca)
** Model-Data Integration (Nuno Carvalhais)
** Global Diagnostic Modelling (Martin Jung)
** Empirical Inference of the Earth System (Martin Jung)
** Flora Incognita (Jana Wäldchen)
** Hydrology-Biosphere-Climate Interactions (René Orth)
* Biogeochemical Signals (Sönke Zaehle)
** Atmospheric Remote Sensing (ARS) (Dietrich Feist)
** Airborne trace gas measurements and mesoscale modelling (ATM) (Christoph Gerbig)
** Inverse data-driven estimation (IDE) (Christian Rödenbeck)
** Integrating surface-atmosphere Exchange Processes Across Scales - Modeling and Monitoring (IPAS) (Mathias Goeckede)
** Tall Tower Atmospheric Gas Measurements (TAG) (Sönke Zaehle)
** Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation (CCDAS) (Sönke Zaehle)
** Satellite-based remote sensing of greenhouse gases (SRS) (Julia Marshall)
** Terrestrial Biosphere Modelling (TBM) (Sönke Zaehle)

## Independent research groups

* Biospheric Theory and Modelling (Axel Kleidon)
* Carbon Balance, Ecosystem Research and Forest Management (Ernst-Detlef Schulze)
* Functional Biogeography (Jens Kattge)
# James O. Patterson

James O'Hanlon Patterson (June 25, 1857 – October 25, 1911) was a United States representative from South Carolina.

## Biography

He was born in Barnwell, South Carolina. He attended private schools in town and also in Augusta, Georgia. Later, he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1886, and commenced practice in Barnwell, South Carolina.
Patterson was a probate judge of Barnwell County, South Carolina 1888–1892 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1899–1904. He was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth, and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1911). After leaving Congress, he resumed the practice of his profession in Barnwell, South Carolina where he died on October 25, 1911. He was buried in the Episcopal Cemetery.
# 1966 Nevada Wolf Pack football team

The 1966 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1966 NCAA College Division football season. Nevada competed as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Wolf Pack were led by eighth-year head coach Dick Trachok and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 24 | at Willamette* | McCulloch StadiumSalem, OR | W 28–21 | |
| October 1 | UC Santa Barbara* | Mackay StadiumReno, NV | W 33–17 | 4,800 |
| October 8 | at UC Davis | Toomey FieldDavis, CA | W 26–10 | 4,800 |
| October 15 | San Francisco State | Mackay StadiumReno, NV | L 0–27 | 6,000 |
| October 22 | San Francisco* | Mackay StadiumReno, NV | W 40–16 | 6,200 |
| October 29 | at Chico State | College FieldChico, CA | W 41–31 | 3,500 |
| November 5 | at Cal State Hayward | Pioneer StadiumHayward, CA | W 24–0 | 1,800 |
| November 12 | Sacramento State | Mackay StadiumReno, NV | L 8–13 | 6,000 |
| November 19 | Humboldt State | Mackay StadiumReno, NV | L 17–18 | |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# The Payoff (1935 film)

The Payoff is a 1935 American dramatic film directed by Robert Florey and starring James Dunn.

## Plot

A newspaper reporter is promoted to the sports desk, but saddled with a wife whose spending habits drive her into a relationship with a blackmailing racketeer.

## Cast

* James Dunn as Joe McCoy
* Claire Dodd as Maxine McCoy
* Patricia Ellis as Connie Travers
* Alan Dinehart as Marty Bleuler
* Joseph Crehan as Harvey Morris
* Frankie Darro as Jimmy Moore
* Frank Sheridan as George Gorman
* Al Hill as Mike
* Paul Porcasi as Nick
* George Chandler as Reporter
# Alaska Seas

Alaska Seas is a 1954 American adventure film directed by Jerry Hopper and starring Robert Ryan and Brian Keith. The supporting cast features Jan Sterling, Gene Barry and Aaron Spelling. The picture is a loose remake of the 1938 film Spawn of the North, which had starred George Raft, Henry Fonda and John Barrymore.

## Plot

Matt Kelly is released from jail and skips town in his boat without paying outstanding storage fees. Back in his home town he is hired by his old friend Jim Kimmerly, the head of the local salmon fishermen who have formed a canning co-operative. The fishermen are battling against an organised gang who are robbing the fishing traps. Matt however, short on cash, joins the raiders, whilst Jim, unaware of his duplicity, keeps covering for him amongst the other fishermen. Furthermore, Kelly has his eyes upon Jim's fiancée, Nicki. Kelly's recklessness eventually causes the loss of Kimmerly's fishing boat in a glacier avalanche. He tries to make amends for his misdemeanours in an act of self-sacrifice.

## Cast

* Robert Ryan as Matt Kelly
* Brian Keith as Jim Kimmerly
* Jan Sterling as Nicki Jackson
* Gene Barry as Verne Williams
* Richard Shannon as Tom Erickson
* Ralph Dumke as Dad Jackson
* Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. as Joe
* Timothy Carey as Wycroff
* Peter Coe as Greco
* Jim Hayward as The jailer
* Aaron Spelling as The knifer
* William Fawcett as The silversmith

## Production

Van Heflin was meant to star alongside Ryan and Jan Sterling. He pulled out just before filming and he was replaced by Brian Keith, who was playing another part. Gene Barry stepped into Keith's old role.
# Chinese-American Chemical Society

Founded in 1981, the Chinese American Chemical Society (CACS) is a nonprofit, professional organization that has neither national nor regional political affiliation. Membership is open to professionals and students in chemistry, chemical engineering, and related fields, as well as to individuals and corporations supporting the objectives of society. Currently, CACS has three local chapters in North America.
# Robert Charles Wickliffe

Robert Charles Wickliffe (May 1, 1874 – June 11, 1912) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Louisiana.

## Biography

Born in Bardstown, Kentucky, while his parents were visiting relatives; he attended the public schools of St. Francisville, Louisiana; was graduated from Centre College, Danville, Kentucky, in 1895 and from the law department of Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana in 1897; was admitted to the bar in 1898 and commenced practice in St. Francisville; member of the state constitutional convention in 1898; enlisted as a private in Company E, First Regiment, Louisiana Volunteer Infantry, during the Spanish–American War; was mustered out of the service in October 1898; returned to West Feliciana Parish; district attorney of the twenty-fourth judicial district of Louisiana 1902–1906; elected as a Democrat to the 61st and 62nd congresses, (March 4, 1909 – June 11, 1912), when he was killed while crossing a railroad bridge in Washington, D.C.; interment in Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, Kentucky.
# Samuel J. Tribble

Samuel Joelah Tribble (November 15, 1869 – December 8, 1916) was an American politician and lawyer.
Tribble was born near Carnesville, Georgia and attended the University of Georgia in Athens. He was a member of the Demosthenian Literary Society and graduated in 1891 with a Bachelor of Law (LL.B.) degree. He was admitted to the state bar that same year and began practice in Athens. From 1899 to 1904, Tribble was the solicitor of the City Court of Athens. In 1904, he became the solicitor general of the western circuit of Georgia and served in that capacity until 1908.
In 1910, Tribble ran for the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat against incumbent William Marcellus Howard and won election to the 62nd United States Congress. He won re-election to that seat for two additional terms and served from March 4, 1911, until his death while in office on December 8, 1916, in Washington, D.C. Tribble was buried in Oconee Hill Cemetery in Athens, Georgia.
# Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory (Oxford)

The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory (PTCL) is a major chemistry laboratory at the University of Oxford, England. It is located in the main Science Area of the university on South Parks Road. Previously it was known as the Physical Chemistry Laboratory.

## History

The original Physical Chemistry Laboratory was built in 1941 and at that time also housed the inorganic chemistry laboratory. It replaced the Balliol-Trinity Laboratories. The east wing of the building was completed in 1959 and inorganic chemistry, already in its own building on South Parks Road, then became a separate department in 1961. In 1972, the Department of Theoretical Chemistry was established in a house on South Parks Road, and in 1994, the amalgamation of the physical and theoretical chemistry departments took place. This was followed shortly by the theoretical group moving into the PTCL annexe in 1995.
The university is in the early planning stages of the demolition of the PTCL building, to be replaced by a second chemistry research laboratory.

## Selected chemists

The following Oxford Physical and Theoretical chemists are of note:
* John Albery
* Peter Atkins
* Ronnie Bell
* E. J. Bowen
* Richard G. Compton
* Charles Coulson
* Frederick Dainton
* Cyril Hinshelwood
* Peter J. Hore
* Graham Richards
* Rex Richards
* Timothy Softley
* Robert K. Thomas
* Harold Thompson
# Sankt Leonhard im Pitztal

Sankt Leonhard im Pitztal is a municipality in the Imst district, located 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Imst on the upper course of the Pitze River in western Austria. The village covers a large area and has a length of around 25 kilometres (16 mi). It is one of the biggest communities of Tyrol by area.
The climate is severe because of mountain flanks. The area was founded around 1300, and its main source of income is tourism.

## Climate

Climate data for St.Leonhard Pitztal: 1454m (1991−2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) | 13.4 (56.1) | 18.8 (65.8) | 21.6 (70.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 31.2 (88.2) | 30.3 (86.5) | 29.3 (84.7) | 24.8 (76.6) | 22.3 (72.1) | 19.2 (66.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 31.2 (88.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) | 2.7 (36.9) | 6.0 (42.8) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.3 (57.7) | 18.2 (64.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 18.8 (65.8) | 15.3 (59.5) | 11.1 (52.0) | 5.5 (41.9) | 1.3 (34.3) | 10.3 (50.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) | −3.7 (25.3) | 0.2 (32.4) | 4.0 (39.2) | 8.6 (47.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 13.8 (56.8) | 13.4 (56.1) | 9.5 (49.1) | 5.5 (41.9) | 0.3 (32.5) | −3.8 (25.2) | 4.6 (40.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.5 (14.9) | −10.2 (13.6) | −5.4 (22.3) | −1.8 (28.8) | 2.4 (36.3) | 5.8 (42.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 4.0 (39.2) | 0.1 (32.2) | −4.5 (23.9) | −8.0 (17.6) | −1.0 (30.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.6 (−10.5) | −28.4 (−19.1) | −25.2 (−13.4) | −15.9 (3.4) | −6.8 (19.8) | −2.7 (27.1) | −0.5 (31.1) | −1.0 (30.2) | −5.3 (22.5) | −14.2 (6.4) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −22.3 (−8.1) | −28.4 (−19.1) |
| Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics ||||||||||||||