OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Murder Bay

Murder Bay (also known as Hooker's Division) was a disreputable slum in Washington, D.C., roughly bounded by Constitution Avenue NW, Pennsylvania Avenue NW, and 13th and 15th Streets NW. The area was a center of crime through the early 20th century, with an extensive criminal underclass and prostitution occurring in several brothels and hotels in the area. The area was completely rebuilt during the construction of the Federal Triangle project in the late 1920s and 1930s.

## History

In the 1860s, much of the area south of Pennsylvania Avenue and a few blocks east of the White House had become a disreputable slum known as Murder Bay, the home to an extensive criminal underclass and numerous brothels. During the American Civil War, so many prostitutes took up residence in Murder Bay to serve the needs of General Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac that the area became known as "Hooker's Division." The two trapezoidal blocks sandwiched between Pennsylvania Avenue and Madison Drive (now the site of the National Gallery of Art) became home to such expensive brothels that it gained the nickname "Marble Alley." In the 1870s and 1880s, the avenue saw much competition between horse-drawn streetcar and chariot companies.
A large house known as Bull's Head existed at the rear of the hotel that is now Old Ebbitt Grill. The house marked the northwest corner of "Murder Bay". Bull's Head housed prostitutes and contained a large, lower-class gambling den.
In the late 1890s, the Electric Vehicle Company established a circular showroom and service center at 15th Street NW and Ohio Avenue.

## Demolition and redevelopment
### Federal Triangle

In the mid-1910s, the federal government acquired land on Pennsylvania Avenue between 14th and 15th Streets and several blocks south, but no demolition or construction was conducted. In the 1920s, the government began planning the redevelopment of the Murder Bay area. This became a major construction project of 10 large city and federal office buildings, which would eventually be called Federal Triangle.
The entire Murder Bay area would be replaced with government and other commercial buildings. A contract was issued in 1926 for razing several buildings along Constitution Avenue to make way for the new Internal Revenue Service Building. Congress began to appropriate funds for additional land acquisition in 1927, and the land purchases took several years to complete. Construction of additional buildings began in the late 1920s, with completion nearly complete by 1931. The Department of Commerce Building opened in 1932, and the Department of Justice, Department of Labor, Interstate Commerce Commission and National Archives buildings opened in 1935.

### Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site

On March 25, 1965, President Lyndon Johnson issued Executive Order No. 11210, which established the Temporary Commission on Pennsylvania Avenue. The Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site was established on September 30, 1965, and various culturally, aesthetically, and historically significant structures and places were given historic status protection.
# John J. Prendergast

John Jeffrey Prendergast was an American politician who served in the New York State Senate from 1814 to 1818.

## Biography

Prendergast was born in Pawling, New York, a son of William Prendergast, Sr. (1727-1811) and Mehetabel Wing (1738-1812). Among his siblings included Jediah Prendergast, a New York State Senator, and James Prendergast, the founder and namesake of Jamestown, New York. After the American Revolution, the Prendergast family, consisting of the children, grandchildren, and servants, traveled to Wheeling, West Virginia and then to Louisville, Kentucky, before they arrived in Memphis, Tennessee. Unsatisfied, the family moved to Upper Canada in what is now Ontario.
While most of his family settled in Chautauqua County, John settled in Herkimer County. Prendergast entered politics and was elected to a three-year-term in the New York State Senate as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party and served in the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st representing the Eastern District from July 1, 1814, to June 30, 1818. In 1817, he was appointed to the Council of Appointment as a representative for the Eastern District for the year.
Prendergast had two children: William and Martin. He later moved to Brooklyn.
# Acacia wilsonii

Acacia wilsonii, also known as Wilson's wattle, is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Plurinerves that is endemic to a small area of western Australia. It was listed as an endangered species in 2018 according to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 by Australian authorities and according to Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 by Western Australian authorities.

## Description

The low, spreading and wiry shrub typically grows to a height of 0.2 to 0.5 metres (0.7 to 1.6 ft) and tends to have horizontal branches. Like most species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The erect, cylindrical and evergreen phyllodes have a length of up to about 13 cm (5.1 in). When it blooms it produces spherical flower-heads that are golden yellow. The seed pods that form after flowering have a linear shape with a length up to 5.5 cm (2.2 in) and hold dull brown oblong shaped seeds.

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanists Richard Sumner Cowan and Bruce Maslin in 1999. The specific epithet honors Paul G. Wilson who collected the type specimen.

## Distribution

It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Mid West regions of Western Australia. The range of the species extends from around Eneabba in the north and down to around Badgingarra in the south where it is found growing in sandy or loamy soils usually over laterite and commonly situated on hills or slopes as a part of open heath or mallee woodland communities. It is found to be associated with Eucalyptus suberea, Allocasuarina campestris, Calothamnus quadrifidus, Eucalyptus gittinsii, Eucalyptus eudesmioides, Eucalyptus accedens and Grevillea amplexans.
# Lemuel Chipman

Lemuel Chipman (July 25, 1754 – April 28, 1831) was an American politician, judge, and physician. Chipman held political office in both the Republic of Vermont, the subsequent state of Vermont, and the state of New York. He served as a judge in both the states of Vermont and New York.

## Personal life

Chipman was born in Salisbury, Connecticut on July 25, 1754 . When he was nineteen, he and his family moved to Tinmouth, Vermont. He was the brother of noted Vermont politicians Nathaniel Chipman and Daniel Chipman. In adulthood, Chipman resided first in Pawlet, Vermont (within Rutland County) and later moved in 1795 to Ontario County, New York.
Chipman was an Episcopalian.

## Medical career and Revolutionary War service

Chipman became a physician and surgeon.
Chipman served in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He acted as assistant surgeon to Doctor Dickinson at the Battle of Bennington in 1777.

## Government and political career
### Vermont

Chipman served multiple terms as a member of the Vermont General Assembly, representing the town of Pawlet. During his early tenure in the legislature, Chipman was a member of the State Convention of Vermont where the opted to support admittance as a state of the United States. During the 1793–1794 assembly, Chipman was chosen to serve as the body's clerk pro tempore.
In late 1793, Chipman was appointed an associate judge of Rutland County. Chipman served as a judge of Rutland County for eight years. On October 11, 1792, a petition sent by Matthew Lyon was received by Council of Censors calling for Judge Chipman to be impeached for maladministration. However, on October 13, 1792, the Council dismissed this petition, judging it to be a matter more appropriate for the General Assembly, finding it to be, "expedient that complaints of individual officers for offenses against the Constitution should be made in the first instance to the Gen'l Assembly."
Chipman served as a presidential elector from Vermont in 1792. He voted for George Washington and John Adams. He had been appointed to be an elector by the General Assembly. He subsequently sought unsuccessfully to again be an elector from Vermont. In 1796 he was elected president of the first Vermont Medical Association

### New York

In 1796 and 1797, Chipman was a member of the New York State Assembly representing Ontario County. In 1800 and 1801, he was again a member of the New York State Assembly, this from a seat representing both Ontario County and Steuben County. From 1802 through 1805, Chipman was a member of the New York State Senate, representing the Western District.
In 1802, Chipman was on the New York Council of Appointment. He also served for several years as an Ontario County judge.
In 1816 Chipman served as a presidential elector from New York in support of the Democratic-Republican ticket led by James Monroe.

## Death

He died on April 28, 1831, in Richmond, New York at the age of 76. He was buried at the West Avenue Cemetery in Canandaigua, New York.
# William Crawford (Louisiana politician)

William Crawford was a state legislator in Louisiana. A land owner and a Republican, he served in the Louisiana House of Representatives from Rapides Parish from 1870-1875. The Wheeler Compromise unseated him in April 1875.
# Trancefer

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Trancefer is the fourteenth album by Klaus Schulze. It was originally released in 1981, and in 2006 was the twenty-third Schulze album reissued by Revisited Records. With the original total running time of 37 minutes and 23 seconds, it was the shortest album in Schulze's canon until the 2006 reissue doubled its running time by including alternate versions of the main tracks.

## Overview

Trancefer features strong performances by Wolfgang Tiepold on cello and Michael Shrieve on percussion. Although it was his second album recorded with digital instruments, and has a great deal of treble, it is an example of the Berlin School genre which developed in the 1970s. The second track, "Silent Running", was inspired by the science fiction film Silent Running starring Bruce Dern. This was the third Schulze piece to be inspired by science fiction, following "Dune" (from Dune, 1979) and "The Andromeda Strain" (1976; first collected on Historic Edition, 1995).
Trancefer is quite distinctive in its sound and arrangements. It is quite different from what Schulze was doing in the 1970s in the sense that it is not a composition that uses sequencers, transpositions, and a main melody line. Trancefer is more syncopated, and here the main focus is put on the dialog between the percussion and the chords Schulze is playing on the Yamaha CS-80 synthesizer.
Two pre-release versions of Trancefer were produced as test pressings before the release of the album. The first, limited to 300 copies, was cut at 45 RPM (the "normal cut"), and the other, limited to 500 copies, plays at 33 RPM and was half-speed mastered (the "halfspeed cut"). The mixes on both versions are different than the released versions. One track from each test cut was included on the 2006 Revisited reissue.

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Klaus Schulze.
# Exclusive economic zone of Portugal

Portugal has the 5th largest exclusive economic zone (EEZ) within Europe, 3rd largest of the EU and the 20th largest EEZ in the world, at 1,727,408 km$^2$.

## Portugal's exclusive economic zone

* Continental Portugal 327,667 km$^2$
* Madeira Islands 446,108 km$^2$
* Azores Islands 953,633 km$^2$
* Total: 1,727,408 km$^2$
Portugal submitted a claim to extend its jurisdiction over additional 2.15 million square kilometers of the neighboring continental shelf in May 2009, which would result in a marine territory of more than 3,877,408 km$^2$.

## Resolved Dispute with Spain

Until 2015, Spain disputed the EEZ's southern border, maintaining that it should be drawn halfway between Madeira and the Canary Islands. Portugal exercises sovereignty over the Savage Islands, a small archipelago north of the Canaries, hence claiming an EEZ border further south. Spain had objected by arguing that the Savage Islands do not have a separate continental shelf, citing article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. On the basis of this article, Spain claimed that the Savage Islands were not islands, but instead uninhabitable rocks. The Savage Islands are a protected Portuguese natural reserve, and thus its only year-round inhabitants are workers of Madeira Natural Park who look over the isolated natural reserve, protecting its wildlife. Over the years, the Portuguese authorities have seized some Spanish fishing boats around the area for illegal fishing.
# The Republic (newspaper)

The Republic was a liberal local newspaper, published fortnightly from 2000 to 2009, in East Vancouver, an area of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Self-described as "independent and opinionated", The Republic addressed a variety of topics from city-level politics to issues across the world stage. Articles were for the most part in essay form, often containing both factual information and editorial comment.
The Republic was very open about its editorial policy, noting on the front page - "your biased media since 2000". This reference was in keeping with the paper's stance that there is no such thing as an unbiased media. The mission statement printed on the masthead further expands on editorial position:
   The Republic of East Vancouver supports no party, advocates for no cause, represents no group, serves no master, and considers problems with no preconceived notions. We hope to afflict the comfortable and to comfort the afflicted, preferably at the same time.
The publisher and editor, Kevin Potvin, ran for political office as an independent candidate for Vancouver City Council in the 2005 election, but was not elected.
The Republic first came to citywide attention in 2000 by declaring the neighborhood of East Vancouver to be a sovereign state. Although humorous, it drew attention to several political issues, including the fact that life expectancy (at 71.1 years) and living conditions in the Downtown East Side (DTES) are significantly lower than in most of Canada.
The Republic claimed a circulation of approximately 12,000. This is both subscription readers and free distribution to a wide variety of local businesses across the Vancouver area.
In 2009, Potvin announced The Republic would be going on indefinite hiatus and saying he does not know "exactly when it will return." Regarding the reasons for the hiatus, Potvin posted:
   There are a number of reasons. The chief one is, I can’t find anything to say with conviction anymore. I’ve lost the thrill, I guess. I certainly wouldn’t claim to have said everything that needs saying, but for the time being, I would claim to have at least said everything I am able to say.
Potvin further notes that, according to his estimates, after "nine-and-a-half years" of publication, he has "written and published 2 million words...the equivalent of 25 average-sized books" and "printed and distributed 1 million copies of the paper. Another round number emerges: stacked up, the pile would reach pretty much exactly 1 mile high."
# English First (lobbying organization)

English First is a lobbying organization for the English-only movement in the United States founded in Springfield, Virginia in 1986 by Larry Pratt.
The organization's web site shut down in March 2021.
# Betty Morgan (bowls)

Elizabeth 'Betty' Mary Morgan MBE (born 1942) is a Welsh international lawn and indoor bowler. She was appointed an MBE in 2005.

## Bowls career

Morgan made her Welsh debut in 1976 and won multiple Welsh national titles.

### World Outdoor Championship

Morgan won the bronze medal in the women's triples during the 1996 World Outdoor Bowls Championship and a silver medal with Caroline Taylor in the women's pairs at the 2004 World Outdoor Bowls Championship in Leamington Spa.

### Commonwealth Games

Morgan won a silver medal in the singles at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. She also competed in the fours at the 1994 Commonwealth Games and in the singles at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

### Atlantic Championships

In 1993 she won the fours silver medal at the Atlantic Bowls Championships and four years later in her home country she won the singles bronze medal and the triples gold medal. A fourth medal was won in 2005 when she won the singles silver medal at the Championships.

### British Isles

Morgan has won the British Isles Bowls Championships singles title three times in 1995, 1998 and 2003, a record only bettered by Irish bowler Margaret Johnston. In addition to the three singles titles she has won ten other British Isles titles; pairs (1994, 1995, 1996, 2003 and 2011), triples (1990 & 2003), fours (1978, 1999 & 2011). The 2003 success created history because she was the first woman to win the singles, pairs and triples in the same year.

### National

Outdoors, Morgan has won 26 Welsh National Bowls Championships.
* singles - 1984, 1986, 1991, 1994, 1997, 2002
* pairs - 1980, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2002, 2010, 2011, 2019
* triples - 1989, 1999, 2002, 2009
* fours - 1977, 1983, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2010, 2014, 2016
# Permission to officiate

A permission to officiate (PTO), also known as a licence to officiate, is a concessionary ministry licence granted by an Anglican bishop. It is most commonly issued to a retired deacon, priest, or lay reader over the age of 70 years. It allows the person to continue to perform the duties of their calling within the diocese (or part thereof, as may be specified in the license) for a limited period of time.
A cleric who was ordained priest or deacon by an overseas bishop needs to have permission to officiate from the archbishop of the province in which he or she intends to officiate before applying to the diocesan bishop for a diocesan licence or permission to officiate.
A permission to officiate is usually only removed for egregious wrongdoing, such as breaking the law, although Jeremy Pemberton had his removed for marrying another man which, though conforming with civil law, was in contravention of the Church's canon law, which defines marriage as being between only one man and one woman. George Carey, former archbishop of Canterbury, had his PTO revoked and reinstated several times, due to failures to consider child protection in regard to abuser John Smyth.
# Wayne Alstat

Wayne Gene Alstat (February 22, 1934 – November 16, 2019) was an American farmer and politician.
Alstat was born in Ora Township, Illinois. He graduated from Vergennes Community High School in Vergennes, Illinois. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War. Alsat was a farmer in Vergennes, Illinois and was involved with the farm equipment business-Vergennes Equipment. He served as the highway commissioner for Oral Township from 1959 to 1981. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1981 to 1983 and was a Republican. Alstat was the second write-in candidate to be elected to the office in the history of Illinois. During the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries, Alstat endorsed the presidential campaign of Rudy Giuliani. Alstat died at the Carbondale Memorial Hospital in Carbondale, Illinois.
# Pakistan at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics

Pakistan competed at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China, from 22–30 August 2015.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Liaquat Ali | 200 metres | 21.55 | 49 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Franz Neumann (architect)

Franz Ritter von Neumann the Younger (January 16, 1844, Vienna – February 1, 1905, Vienna) was an Austrian architect.

## Biography

Neumann came from a family of notable architects: his father Franz Neumann (1815–1888) and his brother Gustav von Neumann (1856–1928) were both well known in Vienna. He began his career as an apprentice to Eduard van der Nüll and August Sicard von Sicardsburg, then joined the staff of Friedrich von Schmidt.
Neumann's major work includes (in Vienna unless otherwise noted):
* Kuffner Observatory, 1886
* Liebenberg Memorial, 1887
* Habsburgwarte, 1889
* Liberec City Hall, 1893
* Frýdlant Town Hall, 1893
* St. Leopold's Church, Donaufeld, 1914
* Liberec Town Hall (1892)
* Donaufelder Pfarrkirche (1905)
* Relief on Neumann's grave
# Codlea

Codlea (Romanian pronunciation:; German: Zeiden; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: Zäöeden; Hungarian: Feketehalom) is a city in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania.

## Name

The Romanian name "Codlea" could be a derivation from the Latin codella, a diminutive of Latin coda (edge, rearward); or it could be a derivation from the Slavic kotlík ("kettle"), as the Măgura Codlei (in this reading: "Kettle Hill") looks like a kettle. In Romanian, măgură means "large hill, mound, forest located on a high place".
The hill also provides the Hungarian name of the city, Feketehegy, "Black Hill".
The German name's origin is unknown, but there is a theory that it was derived from Zeidler, an antiquated word for "beekeeper".

## History

During the 13th century, the Teutonic Order built a fortress known as Schwarzburg ("black castle") near the "Măgura Codlei". The castle's name was first noted in 1265 and was rebuilt for the last time in 1432 by the craftsmen's guild that worked in the town. The city of Codlea is believed to have been also founded by Germans. The fortified church in the city is the largest in the Burzenland historic region. Codlea was well known for its flowers and was called the city of flowers.

## Climate

Codlea has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Climate data for Codlea :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) | 2.6 (36.7) | 7.3 (45.1) | 13.3 (55.9) | 18.1 (64.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.5 (74.3) | 18.5 (65.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 8.2 (46.8) | 2.1 (35.8) | 12.7 (54.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) | −2 (28) | 2.4 (36.3) | 8.2 (46.8) | 13.3 (55.9) | 16.9 (62.4) | 18.7 (65.7) | 18.7 (65.7) | 13.9 (57.0) | 8.4 (47.1) | 3.8 (38.8) | −1.9 (28.6) | 8.1 (46.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) | −6.6 (20.1) | −2.5 (27.5) | 2.6 (36.7) | 7.8 (46.0) | 11.8 (53.2) | 13.6 (56.5) | 13.7 (56.7) | 9.3 (48.7) | 4.2 (39.6) | 0.3 (32.5) | −5.4 (22.3) | 3.4 (38.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45 (1.8) | 42 (1.7) | 56 (2.2) | 73 (2.9) | 95 (3.7) | 100 (3.9) | 95 (3.7) | 78 (3.1) | 61 (2.4) | 53 (2.1) | 47 (1.9) | 49 (1.9) | 794 (31.3) |
| Source: https://en.climate-data.org/europe/romania/brasov/codlea-15683/ ||||||||||||||

## Population

* 1510: 670
* 1814: 3,264
* 1849: 3,764
* 1890: 4,035
** 2,680 Germans (67%)
** 1,211 Romanians (30%)
** 44 Hungarians (1%)
** 100 Jews and others (2%)
* 1930: 5,219
** 3,111 Germans (60%)
** 1,916 Romanians (36%)
** 192 Hungarians (4%)
* 1941: 6,214
* 1966: 13,075
* 1977: 22,744
* 1982: 23,500
* 1992: 24,620
* 2002: 24,286
* 2011: 21,708
* 2021: 20,534
As of the 2011 census, 90.2% of inhabitants were Romanians, 5.6% Roma, 2.8% Hungarians, and 1% Germans. As of 2002, 86.8% were Romanian Orthodox, 3.7% Roman Catholic, 3.1% Pentecostal, 2.2% Christian Evangelical, 1% Evangelical Augustan Confession, and 0.8% Reformed.

## Natives

* Fritz Klein (1888–1945), Nazi SS doctor hanged for war crimes
* Doina Popescu (1938–), volleyball player
* Alexandru Zaharescu (1961–), mathematician