OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hermann Theodor Simon

Hermann Theodor Simon (1 January 1870, in Kirn – 22 December 1918, in Göttingen) was a German physicist.

## Biography

He studied physics at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, earning his doctorate in 1894 under August Kundt with a thesis on the dispersion of ultraviolet radiation. Afterwards, he served as an assistant to Eilhard Wiedemann at Erlangen, obtaining his habilitation in 1896. Two years later, he became an assistant to Eduard Riecke at the University of Göttingen, then relocated to Frankfurt am Main as director of the physics laboratory. In 1901 he returned to Göttingen as an associate professor and director of the department of applied electricity. In 1907 he was appointed as a full professor at the University of Göttingen.
With Eduard Riecke, he was editor of the physics journal Physikalische Zeitschrift.
He discovered the "singing arc" phenomenon and reported it in 1898. Specifically, he found that the dominant frequency in the buzzing sound made by an electric arc light can be controlled by the voltage across the arc light, so that by varying the voltage, the arc can be made to "sing". His research led to a light telephone, with searchlight modulated by a microphone as the transmitter, and a photosensitive selenium cell as the receiver.

## Selected writings

* Über Dispersion ultravioletter Strahlen, 1894 - On dispersion of ultraviolet radiation (graduate thesis).
* Über ein neues photographisches Photometrierverfahren und seine Anwendung auf die Photometrie des ultravioletten Spektralgebietes, 1896 - Involving a new photographic photometric method and its application to the photometry of the ultraviolet spectral region.
* Akustische Erscheinungen am electrischen Flammenbogen, 1898 - Acoustic phenomena at the electric flame arc, Ann. Physik, Vol 300, No 2, pp233-242.
* Elektrotechnisches Praktikum des Instituts für Angewandte Elektrizität der Universität Göttingen, 1908 - Electrical engineering internship at the Institute of Applied Electricity, University of Göttingen.
* Der elektrische lichtbogen: experimentalvortrag auf wunsch des wissenschaftlichen vereins zu Berlin gehalten am 11. januar 1911, (1911) - The electric arc: an experimental lecture.
# Beaumaris Football Club

The Beaumaris Football Club, nicknamed the Sharks, is an Australian rules football club based in the Melbourne suburb of Beaumaris.
As of 2024, the club competes in the Premier B division of the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) and the VAFA Women's (VAFAW).

## History

At a meeting held in the Beaumaris RSL in August 1962, the Beaumaris Football Club was established to represent the local area, which at the time was largely undeveloped. The club entered the South East Suburban Football League (SESFL) in 1963. By the 1980s, Beaumaris was established as a strong club in Division 1, but the club was also affected by financial issues.
In 1995, Beaumaris joined the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) in E Section South, winning a premiership in its first VAFA season. Another premiership came in D Section in 1997 and in C Section in 2003.
Beaumaris won a fourth senior premiership in Premier C (C Section) in 2010, and after finishing as runners-up in the 2012 Premier B grand final, they were promoted to Premier Division (A Section) for the first time. However, senior coach Jason Mifsud left the club during the 2013 season.

## Honours
### Premierships

* South East Suburban Football League (3): 1965, 1970, 1977
* Victorian Amateur Football Association (5): 1995, 1997, 2003, 2010, 2016

## VFL/AFL players

* Jason Blake
* Cameron Bruce
* Calsher Dear
* Leigh Fisher
* Oliver Florent
* Rod Galt
* Jack Gunston
* Wayne Judson
* Stephen Milne
* Michael Roberts
* David Spriggs
* Marcus Windhager
* Jack Scrimshaw
* Mitch Owens
# Sameer Bandekar

Sameer Bandekar (born 29 October 1964) is an Indian cricket umpire who currently represents the United States. The first international match that Bandekar officiated in was a women's One Day International (ODI) in 1997. He stood in his first men's ODI match in 2002. He later emigrated to the United States, and was elected to the ICC Associates and Affiliates Umpire Panel in 2015. He stood in matches in the 2015 ICC Americas Twenty20 Division One tournament. He umpired in his first men's Twenty20 International (T20I) on 22 December 2021, between United States and Ireland.
In January 2022, Bandekar was named as one of the on-field umpires for the 2022 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in the West Indies.
# I Should've Followed You Home

"I Should've Followed You Home" is a duet sung by Swedish recording artist and ABBA member Agnetha Fältskog and British singer-songwriter and Take That frontman Gary Barlow. Written by Barlow and producer Jörgen Elofsson, it was the third single taken from A.

## Background

On 12 November 2013 Fältskog sang live "I Should've Followed You Home" at the BBC Children in Need Rocks 2013 concert in London. She sang the song with Gary Barlow, the organiser of the event, this being her first live performance for 25 years.

## A+ version

On 31 August 2023, Faltskog announced a re-recorded version of her 2013 album 'A'. The track listing has stayed the same (with the exception of her new single 'Where Do We Go From Here?'), however the order of the songs has changed. 'I Should've Followed You Home' is the 3rd song on the album, where as previously it was 5th.
On 27 September 2023, Faltskog's various social media accounts announced that the A+ version of 'I Should've Followed You Home' would be released digitally on 29 September 2023. On Spotify, the single also included 'Where Do We Go From Here?'

## Promotional video

The video premiered at YouTube on 18 November 2013 (2013-11-18), the same day as the release of the single itself.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| Swedish Svensktoppen | 4 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 99 |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 96 |
# Oh My God

Oh My God, O My God, Oh My God! or Ohmigod may refer to:
* the first words of the Act of Contrition, a Christian prayer
* a common phrase frequently abbreviated as "OMG", often used in SMS messages and Internet communication, and sometimes euphemised as "Oh my Goodness" or "Oh my Gosh". The first attested use of the abbreviation O.M.G. was in a letter from John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher to Winston Churchill in 1917.

## Film

* Oh! My God, a 1998 film starring Bowie Lam
* Oh! My God (2006 film), a South Korean film
* Oh, My God, a Bollywood film of 2008
* Oh My God (2009 film), an American documentary film about religion by Peter Rodger
* Oh My God !, French title of British film Hysteria
* OMG – Oh My God!, a 2012 Indian religious comedy-drama film by Umesh Shukla
* Oh My God (2013 film), a Louis C.K. comedy special
* Oh My God (2015 film), Chinese romantic comedy film

## Music

* Oh My God (band), an American indie rock band

### Albums

* Oh, My God! (Doug E. Fresh album), 1986
* Oh, My God! (Linda Sundblad album), 2006
* Oh My God (album), an album by Kevin Morby, 2019

### Songs

* "Oh My God" ((G)I-dle song), 2020
* "Oh My God" (Guns N' Roses song), 1999
* "Oh My God" (Ida Maria song), 2007
* "Oh My God" (Kaiser Chiefs song), 2004; covered by Mark Ronson with Lily Allen (2007)
* "Oh My God!" (The Moniker song), 2011
* "Oh My God" (A Tribe Called Quest song), 1994
* "Oh My God" (Adele song), 2021
* "Oh My God", by David Crowder Band from Give Us Rest
* "Oh My God", by Jars of Clay from Good Monsters
* "Oh My God", by Jay Z from Kingdom Come
* "Oh My God", by Michael Franti & Spearhead from Stay Human
* "Oh My God!", by NMB48 from Teppen Tottande!
* "Oh My God", by Pink from Try This
* "Oh My God", by St. Vincent from Actor
* "O My God", by the Police from Synchronicity

## Other uses

* Oh My God! (video game), a 1993 arcade puzzle game
* Oh-My-God particle, a particular case of an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray

## Oh My Gods

The plural form may refer to:
* Oh My Gods!, a webcomic by Shivian Montar Balaris
* Oh. My. Gods. (2008 novel) young adult fantasy novel by Tera Lynn Childs
# Bekirlija

Bekirlija is a village in North Macedonia in the Lozovo Municipality. It is the setting of the Academy Award-nominated documentary film Honeyland, which depicts it as an abandoned village with no electricity and inhabited by one, and then two families.

## Demographics

The Yugoslav census of 1953 recorded 161 people of whom 148 were Turks, 71 Macedonians and 12 others. The 1961 Yugoslav census recorded 116 people of whom 77 were Albanians, 6 Turks, 2 Bosniaks, 1 Macedonians and 30 others. The 1971 census recorded 70 people of whom 33 were Albanians, 15 Turks, 8 Bosniaks and 14 others. The 1981 Yugoslav census recorded 25 people, all Turks. The Macedonian census of 1994 recorded 15 people, all Turks. The Macedonian census of 2002 recorded 5 people, all Turks.
As of the 2021 census, Bekirlija had 1 resident with the following ethnic composition:
* Turks 1
# Quadrangle of Henie

The Quadrangle of Henie is one of the 62 quadrilateral defined by the cartography of Venus approved by the International Astronomical Union.
On the scale maps of 1 / 5,000,000 (identified by the code V-58) it includes the part of the surface of Venus located in the latitude between 50 ° and 75 ° S and a length between 120 ° and 180 ° E.
It owes its name to Henie's crater.
# Ger district

A Ger district (Mongolian: гэр хороолол, Ger khoroolol) is a form of residential district in Mongolian settlements. They usually consist of parcels with one or more detached traditional mobile dwellings or gers (hence the name), surrounded by two-metre high wooden fences. In other countries, gers are known as yurts.
Most Ger districts are not connected to water supplies, so people get their drinking water from public wells. For a warm shower or a bath, there are bathhouses. Since there is no sewer system, Ger district parcels usually have a pit toilet.
Small settlements, like sum centers, may consist almost exclusively of ger districts. Even in Mongolia's capital Ulaanbaatar, around 62% of the population live in such districts. However, only about 43% of the Ger district residents in Ulaanbaatar actually live in gers. Some of the districts in Ulaanbaatar have existed for more than 100 years, for example the one around Gandan, but many of those farther away from the city centre are the result of recent migration and the high price of other housing in Ulaanbaatar.
An oft-cited problem of Ger districts in Ulaanbaatar and a number of other larger Mongolian cities is the air pollution (especially in winter) caused by the burning of raw coal in simple iron stoves for cooking and heating.

## Citizen groups in Ger districts

Ulaanbaatar's Ger district is evolving and is marked by swift change over the past three decades since 1990, coupled with rising inequality. The Citizen Groups (CGs), semi-formal civil society organizations mainly led by women, work in ger suburbs surrounding Ulaanbaatar.
These CGs engage in small-scale projects, demonstrating resource management skills. Despite government recognition of state-civil society partnership, there's a gap in practice, particularly in ger districts.
Challenges include high staff turnover, limited local government authority, and unclear legal status for CGs. The article advocates for empowering CGs to amplify their contributions, aligning with local needs, and enhancing community development.
# GMB

GMB may refer to:

## Arts and media

* GMB (album), 2012, by hip-hop trio Pac Div
* Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)
* Good Morning Britain (1983 TV programme)

## Places
### Africa

* The Gambia, by ISO 3166 alpha-3 country code
* Gambela Airport, Ethiopia, by IATA code

### Europe

* Gardermoen Line (Norwegian: Gardermobanen), a high-speed railway
* Graduates Memorial Building, at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
* Grimsby Town railway station, England, by GBR code

## Other uses

* GMB (trade union), UK
* Gladding, McBean, American ceramics company
* Grand Bauhinia Medal, Hong Kong honour
* Martin GMB, 1918 US bomber aircraft
* Great Master of the Order of the Bath
# Eiman Kanjo

Eiman Kanjo(Arabic: إيمان كنجو) is a British computer scientist and engineer. She is professor of pervasive sensing at Nottingham Trent University. Her research considers the development of wireless sensing technologies. She was named as one of the Top 50 Influential Women in Engineering in 2022. She joins Imperial College London as Provost's Visiting Professor, October 2023.

## Early life and education

Eiman received a bachelor's degree in Computer and Electronic engineering from the University of Aleppo, Syria. Her doctorate considered vision-based interactive toys. After earning her doctorate, Kanjo moved to the University of Nottingham, where she developed mobile sensing technologies, which harnessed the power of smart phones to track health, social and environmental information. She continued to build smart sensing devices at the University of Cambridge.

## Research and career

Eiman directs the Smart Sensing Lab at Nottingham Trent University. Here she builds systems and digital capabilities for social good. This includes developing wearable technologies and devices for assessing their environment. Her sensors can be attached to the smart phones of cyclists to monitor air pollution uncover the environmental contributors to asthma attacks and monitor how the hustle and bustle of cities impacts physical health. However, she warned against the damaging impacts of smartphones, explaining that notifications can cause a downturn in mood
Kanjo developed a platform, Tag With Me, that provided location-based guidance and an interactive treasure hunt to allow visitors to explore parks and cultural destinations. Tag With Me was used by the Sherwood Forest in their 5G Connectivity project.
She believes her smart sensor networks could be used to monitor mental health in real time, and argued that digital platforms could have helped people find support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2022, Kanjo was named as one of the Top 50 Influential Women in Engineering. She moved to Imperial College London as a visiting professor in 2023.

## Awards and honours

* 2021 Vice-chancellor's Outstanding Researcher Team Award
* 2022 Top 50 Influential Women in Engineering

## Select publications

* Eiman Kanjo (20 November 2009). "NoiseSPY: A Real-Time Mobile Phone Platform for Urban Noise Monitoring and Mapping". Mobile Networks and Applications. 15 (4): 562–574. doi:10.1007/S11036-009-0217-Y. ISSN 1383-469X. Wikidata Q59586689.
* Eiman Kanjo; Eman M.G. Younis; Chee Siang Ang (September 2019). "Deep learning analysis of mobile physiological, environmental and location sensor data for emotion detection". Information Fusion. 49: 46–56. doi:10.1016/J.INFFUS.2018.09.001. ISSN 1566-2535. Wikidata Q59586667.
* Daria J Kuss; Eiman Kanjo; Mark Crook-Rumsey; Fraenze Kibowski; Grace Y Wang; Alex Sumich (2018). "Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Addiction Across Generations: the Roles of Psychopathological Symptoms and Smartphone Use". Journal of technology in behavioral science. 3 (3): 141–149. doi:10.1007/S41347-017-0041-3. ISSN 2366-5963. PMC 6133055. PMID 30238057. Wikidata Q59586668.
# Apteryx littoralis

Apteryx littoralis (meaning "kiwi of the shore") is an extinct species of kiwi from New Zealand's North Island. The species was first described in 2021 based on the holotype (NMNZ S.36731), a complete left tarsometatarsus that was found in the Pleistocene (Calabrian)-aged Rangitikei Formation (Kaimatira Pumice Sand).

## Discovery and naming

The holotype, NMNZ S.36731, was discovered in 1998 in a strata of the Rangitikei Formation known as the Kaimatira Pumice Sand, near Marton, North Island. NMNZ S.36731 was compared to 161 other tarsometatarsi from other extant kiwi species and the species Apteryx littoralis was named and described by Tennyson & Tomotani in 2021.

## Description

A. littoralis is the second oldest record of kiwis known to date and is also the only known extinct species belonging to the Apteryx genus and is one of two known extinct kiwi species – the other is Proapteryx micromeros. A. littoralis most closely resembles A. rowi and A. mantelli in size and shape, but differs in being stouter, with proportionally narrower proximal and distal ends. A. littoralis was also likely around the same size as A. mantelli, making it around 40 cm (16 in) tall when fully grown. Based on this, A. littoralis demonstrates a relatively conservative kiwi morphology since the mid-Pleistocene.

## Paleobiology

Based on where the holotype was discovered, Apteryx littoralis was probably restricted to a coastal region due to volcanic activity in the central North Island, restricting its range and habitat to a small region of the island.

## Extinction

It is unknown when A. littoralis went extinct, although it disappears from the fossil record around 771,000 years ago, at the end of the Calabrian stage of the Pleistocene. This is likely because rocks from the Rangitikei Formation, where A. littorallis was discovered, stopped being deposited after the Calabrian.
# 1MV

The 1MV planetary probe (short for 1st generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet uncrewed probes to Mars and Venus. It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible.
All probes shared the same general characteristics and differed only in equipment necessary for specific missions. Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions.
It was superseded by the 2MV family.

## Variants

* Mars 1M: Mars probe 1M No.1 (failure), Mars probe 1M No.2 (failure)
* Venera 1VA: Sputnik 7 (1VA No.1), Venera 1 (1VA No.2, Sputnik 8)
# Brazilian tinamou

The Brazilian tinamou (Crypturellus strigulosus) is a type of tinamou found in tropical moist lowland forest in regions of Amazonian South America.

## Etymology

Crypturellus is formed from three Latin or Greek words. kruptos meaning covered or hidden, oura meaning tail, and ellus meaning diminutive. Therefore, Crypturellus means small hidden tail.

## Taxonomy

The Brazilian tinamou is a monotypic species. All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.

## Description

The Brazilian tinamou is approximately 28 cm (11 in) in length. It has reddish-brown upper parts, rufous throat, grey breast, whitish belly, and brown legs. The female has a distinct black barring and is ochraceous on its upper parts.

## Behavior

Like other tinamous, the Brazilian tinamou eats fruit off the ground or low-lying bushes. They also eat small amounts of invertebrates, flower buds, tender leaves, seeds, and roots. The male incubates the eggs which may come from as many as 4 different females, and then will raise them until they are ready to be on their own, usually 2–3 weeks. The nest is located on the ground in dense brush or between raised root buttresses.

## Range and habitat

The Brazilian tinamou lives in tropical or sub-tropical lowland moist forest up to 500 m (1,600 ft). This species is native to northwestern Bolivia, southern Amazonian Brazil and eastern Peru.

## Conservation

The IUCN list this bird as Least Concern, with an occurrence range of 2,600,000 km$^2$ (1,000,000 sq mi).
# European Venus Explorer

The European Venus Explorer (EVE), known until 2007 as the Venus Entry Probe (VEP), is a proposed European Space Agency space probe to Venus. In the timeline of the 2005 TRS (technology reference study), the spacecraft was proposed to be launched on a Soyuz-2/Fregat launch vehicle around 2013. However, requests to fund and develop the spacecraft in 2007 and 2010 were rejected.
EVE was a Medium-Class mission proposal in the Cosmic Vision programme. The mission concept consisted of an orbiter and balloon which would circumnavigate the planet over the course of one week, and a lander probe which would operate for approximately one hour on the surface.

## Overview

The mission concept calls for two satellites: the Venus Polar Orbiter (VPO), for remote sensing of the atmospheric, and the Venus Elliptical Orbiter (VEO), which deploys the entry probe from a highly elliptical orbit. The entry probe would contain a balloon-aerobot which floats in benign conditions at 55 km altitude in the middle cloud layer, and would drop up to 15 microprobes into the lower atmosphere.
# Ivan Večtomov

Ivan Večtomov (Иван Николаевич Вечтомов, January 22, 1902, Yekaterinburg – April 25, 1981, Prague) was a Czech composer and cellist of Russian origin. He was the father of Czech cellist Saša Večtomov and guitarist Vladimír Večtomov and the uncle of Russian painter Nikolai Evgenievich Vechtomov.

## Education

Večtomov studied at Prague Conservatory under Ladislav Zelenka, then from 1928 to 1930 in Paris under Diran Alexanian.

## Career

Beginning in 1931 Večtomov served as cellist for the Prague Quartet.$^{:355}$ In 1945 he became concertmaster of the Czech Philharmonic.$^{:79}$
In 1949 Večtomov interpreted the premiere of "Concertino for cello, wind & brass ensemble, percussion & piano in C minor" by Bohuslav Martinů, under direction of Václav Neumann.
As soloist Večtomov collaborated with renowned musicians including Zuzana Růžičková.$^{:427}$
From 1951 until retirement, Večtomov taught at Prague Conservatory.$^{:38}$