OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Synadene

Synadene (Greek: Συναδηνή, Hungarian: Szünadéné) was a Byzantine Greek woman who briefly acted as queen consort of Hungary, probably in the 1070s. She was most likely married to King Géza I.

## Husband's identity

Synadene's first name is unknown. Her father was the Byzantine commander Theodoulos Synadenos, while her mother was a sister of Nikephoros III Botaneiates, who ruled as Byzantine emperor in 1078–1081. The Byzantine chronicle of Scylitzes Continuatus states that "the emperor had given his niece the Synadene, daughter of Theodoulos Synadenos, to the krales of Hungary for a wife; upon his death she returned to Byzantium." The king's name, much like her own, is not mentioned.
An important clue to the identity of Synadene's husband lies in one of the enamel plaques contained in the Holy Crown of Hungary, which depicts a man identified as "Géza, faithful king of the Hungarians". Géza I's death on 25 April 1077 corresponds to Scylitzes Continuatus's narration, with the queen dowager returning to the Byzantine Empire by late 1079. The only possible alternative is Géza's brother and successor, Ladislaus I, in which case the marriage would have taken place in c. 1079 and her return to Hungary as a widow in 1095. However, Scylitzes Continuatus mentions no other events from the mid-1090s, which makes it likely that Géza I was the king whom Synadene married.

## Marriage date

The date of Synadene's marriage is even less certain than the identity of her husband. R. Kerbl suggested the period between 1064 and 1067. He referred to the union as a "private arrangement" between Duke Géza and those Byzantine commanders (including Synadene's uncle, who had not yet become emperor) who were in charge of Balkan and Danubian territories. Géza then possibly ruled south-eastern part of Hungary, on the border of the Byzantine Empire, and had a poor relationship with his cousin, King Solomon, making the marriage with Synadene politically advantageous. However, given that Synadene returned to Byzantium upon Géza's death, it is likely that the marriage produced no issue, and that the mother of his children, born in the 1060s, was his first wife, Sophia. It is thus safe to assume that the marriage took place in the mid-1070s.

## Sources

* McGeer, E.; Nesbitt, J. (2020). Byzantium in the Time of Troubles: The Continuation of the Chronicle of John Skylitzes (1057-1079). The Medieval Mediterranean, Vol. 120. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill (published December 30, 2019). p. 189. doi:10.1163/9789004419407. ISBN 978-90-04-41940-7.
* Shepard, Jonnathan (1999). "Byzantium and the Steppe-Nomads: the Hungarian Dimension". In Prinzing, Günter; Salamon, Maciej (eds.). Byzanz und Ostmitteleuropa 950–1453: Beiträge einer table-ronde während des XIX. International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Copenhagen 1996. Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 55–83. ISBN 3447041463 – via www.academia.edu.
# Tenley Circle

Tenley Circle is a traffic circle in the Northwest Washington, D.C. neighborhood of Tenleytown. Tenley Circle lies at the intersection of Nebraska Avenue, Wisconsin Avenue, and Yuma Street. Unlike many of the circles in Washington, Tenley's traffic pattern has evolved such that the dominant roadway, Wisconsin Avenue, can pass straight through the center instead of going around the outside circumference.

## Description

The circle is bounded by St. Ann Catholic Church, a large imposing stone church, American University's Washington College of Law, and Wisconsin Avenue Baptist Church.
The circle is an important transportation hub for area residents, featuring stops for the Washington Metro's 31, 33, 96, H2, H4, M4, and N2 bus routes. The Tenleytown–AU Metro station is one block north of the circle, where one is able to catch a free shuttle to the main campus of American University a little less than a mile away, as well as to the Spring Valley annex.

## History

Into the late nineteenth century, much of Northwest Washington west of the Rock Creek valley was rural, with Wisconsin Avenue (then known as "Georgetown and Rockville Pike" or "the Tenley Road" in Tenleytown) being one of the only major roads through the area. In 1902, as part of a report to the United States Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, the D.C. Park Commission proposed that a traffic circle be constructed at the junction of Wisconsin and Nebraska Avenues.
In 1926, after multiple accidents were caused by Wisconsin Avenue motorists following streetcar tracks through the center of the unpaved circle, D.C. Traffic Director M. O. Eldridge recommended that Wisconsin Avenue's paving follow the tracks, "leaving half moons of grass parking on each side." On May 27, 1927, the District of Columbia's Board of Commissioners voted to officially name the circle after eighteenth century local resident and tavern owner, John Tenley, who is also the namesake of the surrounding neighborhood.

## Future development

The National Park Service's 2016 "Memorials for the Future" competition included Tenley Circle as a potential location within Washington for a new national memorial.
Since 2017, Sunrise Senior Living has been in negotiations with Wisconsin Avenue Baptist Church and neighborhood groups to build a four-story assisted living facility on an unused lot fronting the eastern boundary of Tenley Circle.
# Ballard, Illinois

Ballard was a small village located between Chenoa and Lexington, Illinois, on the Union Pacific railroad.

## History

At one point in time, Ballard had a decent population with a few businesses and homes. The last remaining marker of the settlement was the Graham and Bennion Elevator, better known to locals simply as "the Ballard elevator". The roughly 80-foot structure was demolished in 2006.
# Sybra incana

Sybra incana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1859. It is known from Moluccas and Papua New Guinea.
# The Banshees (band)

The Banshees were an American garage rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1966. The group is best remembered for its sole single, featuring the dissonant proto-punk anthem, "Project Blue". The song has become a classic of the musical genre of garage rock and is featured prominently on several compilation albums.
The group's origins trace back to the Fugitives, which were configured in 1962. By 1965, after some personnel changes, the band was known as the Prophets, and had begun recording promos for Columbia Records, along with demos of "Project Blue" and its eventual B-side "Free". The line-up consisted of Frank Bucaro (lead vocals, harmonica), Ron Rouse (lead guitar), Rick Notolini (bass guitar), Tom Leetzow (drums), and John Smead (rhythm guitar), with Bucaro and Rouse being the leaders of the Prophets.
Record producer Bill Traut just happened to be listening to the group recording their demo of "Project Blue" and immediately signed the band to a recording contract. Traut renamed the Prophets to the Banshees, and replaced the inexperienced Notolini with local Chicago musician, Peter Sheldon. The resulting officially-released version of "Project Blue" is a surprisingly raw and cathartic exercise in primal blues-based proto-punk, featuring a distorted three-note guitar riff its center, that is repeated relentlessly throughout the song and set to a pounding beat, punctuated by agonizing yelps and screams supplied by vocalist Bucaro. The lesser-known flip-side "Free" was a soothing ballad, which stands in marked contrast to the relative "shock therapy" of its A-side predecessor.
"Project Blue" was released in June 1966 on Dunwich Records. Although both Rouse and Bucaro co-wrote its two sides, only Rouse's name is featured on the single because he was the only one who was 21 years-old. The song became a popular fixture in the Banshees' live repertoire as they regularly performed in Illinois venues the New Place, the Alamo, and the Cellar, among others. It was the only surviving recording by the group as they disbanded in early 1967. Since its initial release, "Project Blue" has been recognized as a garage rock classic. Among the compilation albums it has been featured on, include Oh Yeah! The Best of Dunwich Records, Pebbles, Volume 9, and Mindrocker, Volume 2. However, "Free" has yet to be reissued on any album. According to the liner notes of Oh Yeah!, Bucaro, who supplied the "lead scream" to "Project Blue", later became a Catholic priest.

## Members

* Frank Bucaro - lead vocals, harmonica
* Ron Rouse - lead guitar
* Rick Notolini - bass guitar
* Tom Leetzow - drums
* John Smead - rhythm guitar
* Peter Sheldon - bass guitar

## Discography

* "Project Blue" b/w "Free" - Dunwich Records (D-129), 1966
# I Refuse to Be Lonely

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Cash Box | (favorable) |
| MSN Music Guide | |
I Refuse to Be Lonely is the ninth studio album by American soul singer-songwriter Phyllis Hyman. It was released posthumously on November 21, 1995 by Philadelphia International Records and Zoo Entertainment, five months after the singer's death on June 30, 1995.
The album reached number 12 on the Billboard R&B albums chart and peaked at number 67 on the Billboard 200.

## Reviews

"Never has an artist produced an entire album that reflects so hauntingly on her life and hints so broadly of her imminent demise as does Phyllis Hyman's "I Refuse To Be Lonely"," wrote Jonathan Takiff in the Chicago Tribune. "Begun at the end of 1993 and completed just days before her death by suicide on June 30, 1995, this goose-bump evoking, emotional roller coaster of a soul-pop ballad album comes off thematically as a life and death struggle, and artistically as one heck of a swan song."
"She was passionate about not singing anything superficial," said song collaborator Gordon Chambers. "In retrospect, a lot of what we wrote were her parting words. It's almost chilling to hear `Why Not Me?' because it really is her testimony."
"Creatively as well as emotionally, "I Refuse To Be Lonely" serves as an ultimate career capper," writes Takiff. "Goaded by producers Nick Martinelli and Kenny Gamble, the set offers this jazz-inflected singer's best-ever vocal performances and strongest creative input, including five songwriting credits and unbilled assists on a lot of others."
# Rinzing Bhutia

Rinzing Bhutia (born 17 August 1986) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Sikkim in the 2018–19 Ranji Trophy on 30 December 2018. He made his Twenty20 debut for Sikkim in the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 28 February 2019.
# Karkha Rural District

Karkha Rural District (Persian: دهستان کرخا) is in Shavur District of Karkheh County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khovis, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 3,520 in 989 households.

## History

In 2019, the district was separated from Shush County in the establishment of Karkheh County, and Karkha Rural District was created in the district.
# Thomas Newton Jr.

Thomas Newton Jr. (November 21, 1768 – August 5, 1847) was an American politician who was a U.S. Representative from Virginia from 1817 until 1830. Union general John Newton was his son.

## Biography

Newton was born in Norfolk, Virginia on November 21, 1768.
Newton was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1796 to 1799. He served as a Democratic-Republican in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1801, to March 9, 1830, losing his seat when George Loyall contested his election. Newton regained his seat at the next election and served a final term from March 4, 1831, to March 3, 1833. In the bitterly contested 1824 presidential election, Newton was the only Virginia representative to support the Adams-Clay coalition. In 1804, Newton was one of the impeachment managers appointed by the House to prosecute the case for conviction on the articles of impeachment adopted against Judge John Pickering in his impeachment trial.

## Electoral history

* 1823; Newton was re-elected unopposed.
* 1825; Newton was re-elected unopposed.
* 1827; Newton was re-elected with 64.28% of the vote, defeating Independent George Loyall.
* 1829; Newton was re-elected with 50.35% of the vote, but the election was invalidated and Loyall was seated.
* 1831; Newton was re-elected with 51.01% of the vote, defeating Jacksonian Loyall.
# Clacton (disambiguation)

Clacton is a large town in Essex, England.
Clacton may also refer to the following things associated with it:
* Clacton (UK Parliament constituency) a county constituency represented in the House of Commons around Clacton-on-Sea
* Clacton-on-Sea railway station a railway station in Clacton-on-Sea
* Clacton Airport an airport serving Clacton-on-Sea
* Clacton Pier a pier in Clacton-on-Sea
* Clacton Coastal Academy a coeducational high school serving the western part of Clacton-on-Sea
* Clacton County High School a comprehensive secondary school located in Clacton-on-Sea
* F.C. Clacton a football club based in Clacton-on-Sea
* Great Clacton a village north of Clacton-on-Sea
* HMS Clacton (J151) a turbine engined Bangor class minesweeper of World War II named after Clacton-on-Sea
* Little Clacton a small rural village close to Clacton-on-Sea
* Clactonian, a flint tool
* Butlin's Clacton, a former holiday camp
* Clacton Spear, the oldest known worked wooden implement
# Gladiator: Fight for Freedom

Gladiator: Fight for Freedom is the first book in the Gladiator Series, by Simon Scarrow and is his first book for young adults. Set in Rome in 61 BC, it tells the story of Marcus Cornelius Primus who is enslaved and becomes a gladiator.

## Plot summary

Marcus Cornelius Primus is a young gladiator that was a farm boy until he was kidnapped away from his mother and father, who is a retired centurion. He is sold as a slave to a gladiator school and is trying to find help and justice to stop the people that took him.

## Style

The Gladiator series is intended for young teens and older. The story is quite clear, fast and without excessive details. The frequent action scenes are described very precisely and graphically.
# Argyrohippus

Argyrohippus is an extinct genus of notoungulate, belonging to the family Notohippidae. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, and its fossilized remains were found in South America.

## Description

This animal was probably vaguely similar in build and size to a goat. It is mostly known from remains of its dentition, which was very specialized : the dentition was complete and continuous (without diastema), but the premolars and molars were hypsodonts. The canines were small. The premolars had a very developed cingulum, while the molars were quite elongated. The shape of the premolars and molar was very reminiscent of those of Equidae. Its most peculiar distinctive characteristics were the cup-shaped internal cingula and the lack of singula on the premolars, and a thick layer of cementum.

## Classification

The genus Argyrohippus (whose name means "Argentine horse") was first described in 1902 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossil remains found in Early Miocene deposits in Argentina. The type species is Argyrohippus fraterculus; Ameghino described another species, A. boulei, mainly differentiated from the type species by some dental characteristics, like its more protruding incisors, and by its greater size. In 1935, a new species was described by Bryan Patterson, A. praecox, from the Late Oligocene of Argentina, with more brachydont teeth.
Argyrohippus has historically been classified as a member of Notohippidae, a group of notoungulates with teeth similar to those of horses. However, this family is now considered paraphyletic, and several forms included in it may in reality be ancestral to the family Toxodontidae. Argyrohippus may be one of those forms.
# Vachellia aroma var. aroma

Vachellia aroma var. aroma is a large shrub or small tree which grows up to 6 m high. It is found in southern South America.
# Homo Hill

"Homo Hill," also known as "The Hill" or "LGBTQ Street", is an informal name for an LGBTQ+ neighborhood in Itaewon, Seoul, South Korea. It is occupied by numerous LGBTQ+ establishments and is considered a safe space for LGBTQ+-identifying people. Homo Hill branches out of the entertainment area for U.S. military soldiers established during the time of the Korean War, which was known as "Hooker Hill".
Itaewon is also home to a number of ethnic minority groups.

## History

In the creation of modern Itaewon, many of the people who contributed had goals to make this space more liberal than other areas in South Korea that were made by older, more conservative generations.
With the introduction of the Korean War (1950s), U.S. military bases were created in South Korea, and more specifically, in close proximity to modern Itaewon. With the U.S. military base so close by, Itaewon became a recreational space of U.S. soldiers, which sparked an increase in new bars and clubs. In these spaces were also the presence of 'foreigners only' clubs, along with a few gay clubs, which contributed to the perception of the area as a "sexually and morally contaminated space."
The name "Homo Hill" is not an official name for the space. Some believe the term "homo" is derogatory and so a majority of people in South Korea refer to the street as either "The Hill" or "LGBTQ Street". In addition, the terminology behind "Homo Hill" makes it seem to only encompass those who identify as homosexual, thereby excluding the rest of the LGBTQ+-identifying individuals.

## Setting

"Homo Hill" is one street, more specifically, a 360-foot long alleyway in the Itaewon district. This alleyway consists of approximately 10 to 15 LGBTQ+ bars, clubs, as well as other establishments. The street is known for its colorful graffitied walls and grounds, as well as its street art that signifies the acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals.

## Diversity

The district of Itaewon is very diverse and is home to many minority groups in a set up similar to the ethnic enclaves found in other countries. These minorities include Muslims, LGBTQ+ individuals, and Nigerians. Along with "Homo Hill," Itaewon contains "Islamic Street" which includes two mosques, as well as "African Street" in which many that belong to the Nigerian community live and socialize.
# 230 Athamantis

230 Athamantis is a fairly large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by the German-Austrian astronomer K. de Ball on September 3, 1882, in Bothkamp. It was his only asteroid discovery. The asteroid was named after Athamantis, daughter of Athamas the mythical Greek king of Orchomenus.
Photometric observations of this asteroid gave a light curve with a period of 23.99 hours and a brightness variation of more than 0.20 in magnitude. It has the spectrum of an S-type asteroid. During 1991, the asteroid was observed occulting a star. The resulting chords provided a cross-section diameter estimate of 101.8 km.
# Matvei Lyubavsky

Matvey Kuzmich Lyubavsky (Russian: Матве́й Кузьми́ч Люба́вский; 13 August [O.S. 1 August], 1860, Ryazan Governorate – 22 November 1936, Ufa) was a Russian and Soviet historian, professor, academic and rector of the Moscow University from 1911 to 1917.

## Biography

Lyubavsky was born in to the family of a village deacon. He lost his left eye in an accident during childhood. Lyubavsky graduated from the faculty of History of the Imperial Moscow University in 1882 and received his doctorate in 1901 and became a professor at the Moscow University.
After the removal of Alexander Manuilov as rector of the Imperial Moscow University in 1911 for political reasons, Lyubavsky was elected as his successor. He opposed the politicization of the educational process, for the preservation of university autonomy, sought to preserve university traditions and a high level of teaching after the departure of many talented scientists. In 1913 he was elected chairman of the Society for Russian History and Antiquities at Moscow University.
Lyubavsky accepted the February Revolution and the return of his former colleagues to the university, however he did recognize the October Revolution like most of the Russian intellectuals of the period.
After the October Revolution, he began to cooperate with the authorities in the name of saving the country's historical and cultural heritage, its archives. In 1918 he was the head of the Moscow branch of the Moscow Regional Department of Archival Affairs (Glavarkhiv) and until 1920 he was a member of the board, deputy chairman of the Glavarkhiv. In 1920 he was an expert-consultant on archival issues of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, participated in the Riga conference on the conclusion of a peace treaty between the RSFSR and Poland. From 1920 to 1929 he was the director of the Moscow branch of the legal section of the Unified State archival fund.
He became an Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union in 1929 (Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1917).
On August 8, 1930, Lyubavsky was arrested in the so-called "Academic Case" and was in pre-trial detention for a year. In February 1931, his son Valerian was arrested and executed in June for "counter-revolutionary activities". On August 8, 1931, the OGPU Collegium passed a verdict, depriving Lyubavsky of the title of academician and assigning him five years of exile and was exiled to Ufa.
While in exile, he actively collaborated with the Institute of National Culture of the Bashkir ASSR, where during 1932-1934 he worked on the history of land tenure and class struggle in these lands in the 17th-18th centuries.
He was released on November 5, 1935. Lyubavsky died in Ufa shortly after the expiration of his term of exile, on November 22, 1936 . He was buried at the Sergievsky cemetery in Ufa. He was rehabilitated in 1967.
# Thomas C. Catchings

Thomas Clendinen Catchings (January 11, 1847 – December 24, 1927) was an American Confederate Civil War veteran who served eight terms as a U.S. Representative from Mississippi from 1885 to 1901.

## Early life and education

Thomas Clendenin Catchings was born January 11, 1847, at "Fleetwood" in Hinds County, Mississippi, to Dr. T. J. and Nancy M. (née Clendenin) and Catchings. Tutored at home until September 1860, he entered the State University at Oxford where he was a member of St. Anthony Hall. In 1861 he entered Oakland College near Rodney. He entered the Confederate States Army in 1861 and served as a private in Company K, 18th Mississippi Infantry Regiment, and subsequently in Company C, 11th Mississippi Cavalry Regiment.

## Political career

He was admitted to the bar in 1866 and commenced practice in Vicksburg. Catchings was elected to the State Senate in 1875 but resigned in 1877. Catchings was elected attorney general in 1877. He was reelected in 1881 and served until February 16, 1885.
Catchings, a Democrat, was elected to the 49th and to the seven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1885–March 3, 1901) after winning a disputed election against Cornelius Jones, an African American lawyer and state legislator. Catchings served as chairman of the Committee on Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (50th Congress), Committee on Railways and Canals (52nd and 53rd Congress), Committee on Rivers and Harbors (53rd Congress). He first introduced a bill for Vicksburg National Military Park in January 1896. When it failed to pass, although favorably reported by committee, he re-introduced it in the next Congress in December 1897.

## Later life

Later, Catchings was employed as division counsel for the Southern Railway. Appointed by Governor Vardaman, he also served as a member of the Mississippi Code Commission.

## Death and burial

He died in Vicksburg on December 24, 1927, and was interred in Cedar Hill Cemetery.
# Inga pilosula

Inga pilosula is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Brazil, the Caribbean, Bolivia and Peru.