OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aaron L. Mackler

Aaron L. Mackler is associate professor of theology at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and an ordained Conservative Rabbi. He is an author in the fields of bioethics and Jewish law. He was editor of Life and Death Responsibilities in Jewish Biomedical Ethics and authored Introduction to Jewish and Catholic Bioethics, part of the Georgetown Press Moral Traditions series.
Mackler served on the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Conservative movement as the Medical Ethics Subcommittee chair, and has written and edited numerous responsa. Mackler's work has been cited for the New York State Task Force. He wrote a book published under Georgetown University press entitled "An Introduction to Jewish and Catholic Bioethics: A Comparative Analysis."

## Education

Mackler received his B.A. from Yale University in Religious Studies and Biochemistry in 1980. At the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel he pursued Graduate Studies in Jewish philosophy, Bible, and Midrash. From the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York, NY in 1985 he received and M.A. and Rabbinic ordination. In 1992, he was awarded a Ph.D. in philosophy from Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Mackler's dissertation was entitled "Cases and Judgments in Ethical Reasoning: An Appraisal of Contemporary Casuistry and Holistic Model for the Mutual Support of Norms and Case Judgments”.

## Publications

* Responsa 1991-2000: The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, 2001, The Rabbinical Assembly
* Life & Death Responsibilities in Jewish Biomedical Ethics, Aaron L. Mackler, JTS, 2000
# 1974 U.S. Figure Skating Championships

The 1974 U.S. Figure Skating Championships was held from February 6-9 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, Rhode Island. Medals were awarded in three colors: gold (first), silver (second), and bronze (third) in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.
The event determined the U.S. teams for the 1974 World Figure Skating Championships.

## Senior results
### Men

| Rank | Name |
| 1 | Gordon McKellen |
| 2 | Terry Kubicka |
| 3 | Charles Tickner |
| 4 | John Carlow, Jr. |
| 5 | David Santee |
| 6 | Scott Cramer |
| 7 | John Baldwin, Sr. |
| 8 | James Demogines |
| 9 | Mahlon Bradley |
| 10 | Stephen Savino |
| 10 | William Schneider |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name |
| 1 | Dorothy Hamill |
| 2 | Juli McKinstry |
| 3 | Kath Malmberg |
| 4 | Wendy Burge |
| 5 | Donna Arquilla |
| 6 | Priscilla Hill |
| 7 | Diane Goldstein |
| 8 | Roberta Loughland |
| 9 | Donna Albert |
| 10 | Paula Larson |
| 11 | Barbara Salomon |
| 12 | Elisabeth Freeman |

### Pairs

| Rank | Name |
| 1 | Melissa Militano / Johnny Johns |
| 2 | Tai Babilonia / Randy Gardner |
| 3 | Erica Susman / Thomas Huff |
| 4 | Cynthia Van Valkenberg / Phillipp Grout, Jr. |
| 5 | Beth Sweiding / Frank Sweiding |
| 6 | Suki Hoagland / Michael Sahlin |

### Ice dancing (Gold dance)

| Rank | Name |
| 1 | Colleen O'Connor / Jim Millns |
| 2 | Ann Millier / Skip Millier |
| 3 | Michelle Ford / Glenn Patterson |
| 4 | Jane Pankey / Richard Horne |
| 5 | Judi Genovesi / Kent Weigle |
| 6 | Susan Kelley / Andrew Stroukoff |
| 7 | Karen Ralle / Curt Finley |
| 8 | Christine Linney / Bruce Bowland |
| 9 | Liz Blatherwick / Robert Kaine |
| 10 | Myra Chrien / David Chrien |
| 11 | Kathy Russell / Paul Steiner |
# Federico Luisetti

Federico Luisetti is an Italian philosopher, he is associate professor of Italian culture and society at the University of St. Gallen. From 2005 to 2017, he taught Italian studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where he was the chair of the Department of Romance Studies from 2014 to 2017. He is the author of books and essays on philosophy, literature, visual studies, the Avant-gardes, and political thought. He has also worked on decolonial thought and anthropology.

## Publications

* The Anomie of the Earth: Philosophy, Politics, and Autonomy in Europe and the Americas, Federico Luisetti, John Pickles, Wilson Kaiser, editors, Duke University Press, 2015
* Una vita. Pensiero selvaggio e filosofia dell’intensità, Mimesis, 2011.
* A Century of Futurism: 1909–2009, Federico Luisetti and Luca Somigli, editors, “Annali d’Italianistica,” 27, 2009
* Estetica dell’immanenza. Saggi sulle parole, le immagini e le macchine, Aracne, 2008. In Italian
* Dopo il museo, Federico Luisetti and Giorgio Maragliano, editors, Trauben, 2006. In Italian
* Plus Ultra. Enciclopedismo barocco e modernità, Trauben, 2001. In Italian
* Museo, Federico Luisetti and Giorgio Maragliano, editors, a special issue of "Rivista di Estetica," ns 16, 1/2001. In Italian
# Stade René Gaillard

Stade René-Gaillard (French pronunciation:) is a multi-use stadium in Niort, France.
It is the home of French Ligue 2 football team Chamois Niortais (Chamois niortais in French) and it has a capacity of 11,352 people. Niort played their first game at the Stade René Gaillard on 3 August 1974.
The record attendance at the stadium is 16,715 for the game between Chamois Niortais and Olympique Marseille in 1988.
# Eduardo Falú

Eduardo Falú (July 7, 1923 – August 9, 2013) was an Argentine folk music guitarist and composer.

## Life and work

Eduardo Falú was born in El Galpón, a village near San José de Metán in the province of Salta, in 1923. His parents, Fada and Juan Falú, were Syrian immigrants. Raised in rural surroundings, he was strongly influenced by the folk traditions of Salta (which remain, in Falú's words, "something lively, dynamic and evolutionary").
Falú was given his first guitar as a gift during childhood, and he began to perform traditional folk tunes of the Argentine Northwest as a troubadour. He formed a duo with César Perdiguero, and became well known in the region during the 1940s. Largely self-taught, Falú deepened his knowledge of the guitar through the study of the 19th century masters and was trained in harmony and theory by the prominent Argentine composer Carlos Guastavino.
His increasing renown brought him to Buenos Aires in 1945, and he recorded his first album there in 1950. Among the volume of collaborations with many of the leading Argentine poets, perhaps the best-known are his compositions for lyrics written by Jaime Dávalos, among which some of the most popular are Zamba de la Candelaria, Trago de sombra, and Canción del jangadero. Falú wrote music for a number of Argentine historical epics, as well, including Romance de la Muerte de Juan Lavalle (written by Ernesto Sábato) and José Hernández (by Jorge Luis Borges).
He performed overseas for the first time in Paris, in 1959. This was followed by performances in Rome, Los Angeles, Madrid, and numerous other cultural capitals. He was particularly popular in Japan, where from 1963 to 1973, he gave over 200 performances; in subsequent years, he also performed regularly in duos with his nephew, Juan Falú.
Arguably the creator of Argentina's modern folk song movement, Falú has set over 150 poems to music. These have included Borges' and Dávalos', as well as those by León Benarós, Manuel J. Castilla, and Alberico Mansilla. Known for his Chamamé, Chacarera and Zamba compositions, Falú more recently composed two suites, Primera Suite Argentina (1996) and Segunda Suite Argentina (1999).
The Government of Peru bestowed on him a Distinguished Service Award, and Falú's work earned him important recognition by his Argentine colleagues in 1985, when he received the highest honor in the Argentine cultural realm, the Konex Award, as well as a Grand Prize by the Argentine Society of Music Composers (SADAIC).
Falú's last album as a performer, published in 2009, was a tribute to classical Spanish guitarist Andrés Segovia. He died on August 9, 2013, at his home in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina; he was 90.
# William F. Mahar Jr.

William Francis Mahar, Jr. (born February 13, 1947) is an American politician.
Born in Chicago Heights, Illinois, Mahar served in the United States Army from 1970 to 1972. He received his bachelor's degree in psychology from Southern Illinois University and his master's degree in personnel services from Purdue University. He lived in Homewood, Illinois and served on the Homewood village board.
Mahar served in the Illinois Senate from 1985 to 2003 and was a Republican. His father William F. Mahar Sr. also served in the Illinois General Assembly.
# Chemical conditioning

In chemistry, conditioning is a process in which chemical reaction factors are stabilized or enhanced. Examples include increasing the quality of a material by using another material (a conditioner) or improving the ability of solids to capture and physically or chemically treat water. There are three main conditioning systems: heat, inorganic compounds and organic polymers.
# Beyond the Law (1934 film)

Beyond the Law is a 1934 American crime film directed by D. Ross Lederman.

## Cast

* Tim McCoy as Tim Weston
* Shirley Grey as Helen Glenn
* Addison Richards as Morgan
* Harry C. Bradley as Professor
* John Merton as New York Radio Policeman (as Mert La Verre)
* Dick Rush as New York Radio Policeman
* Harold Huber as Gordon
* Mischa Auer as Tully
* Clarence Wilson as Talbot
* Joseph Crehan as Chief Anderson
* Charles C. Wilson as Prosecuting Attorney (as Charles Wilson)
* Reginald Barlow as Judge
# Sönke Neitzel

Sönke Neitzel (born 26 June 1968) is a German historian who has written extensively about the Second World War. He is editor of the journal German History in the 20th Century and has written several books such as Soldaten: On Fighting, Killing and Dying; The Secret Second World War Tapes of German POWs based on recordings of German POWs held at Trent Park which he wrote with Harald Welzer. Neitzel edited the book Tapping Hitler's Generals (with Harald Welzer).

## Early life and career

Neitzel was educated at the University of Mainz and is currently Professor of Military History at the University of Potsdam, having moved there from the London School of Economics in 2015. He has also held posts at the University of Karlsruhe, University of Bern, and the University of Saarbrücken in Germany and Switzerland, and was briefly Professor of Global Security at the University of Glasgow in 2011/12.
Since September 2006 he has been married to Gundula Bavendamm [de], director of Stiftung Flucht, Vertreibung, Versöhnung [de] and daughter of historian Dirk Bavendamm [de].
# Łówcz Górny

Łówcz Górny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyce, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Łęczyce, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Wejherowo, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Akash Malhotra

Akash Malhotra (born 12 December 1972) is an Indian former cricketer. He played 54 first-class matches for Delhi between 1993 and 2000.
# Kent Slater

Kent Slater (born November 25, 1945) is a former American judge and politician.
Born in Hampton, Iowa, Slater served in the United States Army from 1969 to 1971 and was stationed in South Vietnam. He received his bachelor's degree in agriculture from the University of Illinois and then received his J.D. degree from John Marshall Law School. He then practiced law in Macomb, Illinois. From 1985 to 1988, Slater served in the Illinois House of Representatives and was a Republican.
In 1988, Slater chose to run for a judgeship on the Illinois Circuit Court in the Ninth Circuit. Slater won. For the Illinois House seat, Democratic candidate Bill Edley defeated former Senator Ken McMillan by approximately 2,000 votes. Slater resigned to take his judgeship and was succeeded by Leroy A. Ufkes for the period between Slater's resignation and Edley's inauguration.
From 1988 to 1990, Slater served as a judge from the Ninth Circuit. The Ninth Circuit is composed of Knox, Henderson, Warren, Hancock, McDonough, and Fulton counties. Then, from 1990 until 2006, Slater served on the Illinois Appellate Court from the Third District. At the end of his tenure, he was the Presiding Judge for the Third District.
On October 28, 2019, Governor J. B. Pritzker appointed Slater to the Illinois Health Facilities and Services Review Board for a term starting August 5, 2019 and ending July 1, 2020. The Board, through its certificate of need program aimed at containing health care costs, approves or disapproves applicationsfor construction or expansion of health care facilities to avoid unnecessary duplication of such facilities and promotes development of facilities in areas where needed. On February 22, 2022, Pritzker appointed Stacy Grundy to succeed Kent Slater. She was confirmed February 22, 2022.
# Rossend Marsol Clua

Rossend Marsol Clua, known by his nickname Sícoris, (Artesa de Segre, 22 October 1922 - Andorra la Vella, 17 January 2006) was an Andorran journalist and write
He studied law in the University of Barcelona and was a correspondent for several publication until he had to leave the country for his anti-Francoist and Catalanist ideals. He was later correspondent for the newspapers La Mañana (1959–1990), La Vanguardia (1965–1978), etc. He worked for Radio Andorra and Ràdio Valira and published several books of poems. He was part of the revitalization of the bear dances in Andorra, particularly in Encamp. He was the conductor of Andorran Literature Night (Nit Literària Andorrana) from its creation in 1978.

## Books of poems

* Cel i muntanya, Les Escaldes 1989
* Festa major, Les Escaldes 2001
* La terra dels Valires, Andorra la Vella 2003
# Cambodian logsucker

The Cambodian logsucker (Ceratogarra cambodgiensis), also known as stonelapping minnow or false Siamese algae eater, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Garra. It lives in Southeast Asia.

## Description

The Cambodian logsucker has a broad midlateral stripe which has a width roughly equal to two scale rows, it has two black bands on the dorsal fin while the caudal fin may be plain or have dark margins. They are sexually dimorphic with the females having fuller, rounder bellies than the males, the males develop a red inside of the mouth during the spawning season and both sexes develop tubercles on the head and snout when breeding, although these are more obvious in the males. They grow to 15 cm (5.9 in) standard length.

## Distribution

The Cambodian logsucker lives in the Mekong of Laos, Cambodia and Thailand, as well as in the Mae Klong, Chao Phraya and the river systems of south eastern Thailand in Phrae, Phitsanulok, Ubon Ratchathani, Trang, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Sawan, Yala, Chiang Rai and Surat Thani provinces of Thailand, in Peninsular Malaysia and in southeastern Mymanmar.

## Habits and ecology

The Cambodian logsucker lives in rapidly flowing, small to medium sized streams with rocky beds. In submontane to hill regions, it may also occur in larger or lowland rivers. At the start of the monsoon, it moves into floodplains or paddy fields where it breeds. The fry are cared for by the parents until they are juveniles, at which point they return to the streams. It feeds on periphyton, phytoplankton and some insects. It is sociable in the wild, forming hierarchies in loose shoals. To settle disputes, the males charge each other, flare their fins, become paler in colour and extend their rostral processes.

## Human use

The Cambodian logsucker is eaten by some local humans, especially when spawning. It is common in the aquarium trade, but must be hormonally induced to breed in captivity.
# Almiro Bergamo

Almiro Bergamo (20 September 1912 – 4 July 1994) was an Italian rower who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was, with Guido Santin, four times Italian champion and two times European champion with the coxed pairs (Italian duecon) rowing. He was born and died in Cavallino-Treporti.
In 1936 he won the silver medal as crew member of the Italian boat in the coxed pair event.
In 1985, he was nominated Italian Republic Knight by Sandro Pertini. He died on 4 July 1994 watching television during Italy vs Nigeria of Usa'94 soccer match.
# Mora National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center

The Mora National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center is one of seven federal fish hatchery technology centers in the United States. Located in Mora County, New Mexico, on State Route 434 (milepost 1.5), it is mainly involved in the restoration and recovery of the threatened Gila trout, a fish found only in the upper headwaters of the Gila River in New Mexico and Arizona. Formal cooperative agreements between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and New Mexico Game and Fish call for the Mora hatchery to also establish a brood stock of Rio Grande cutthroat trout and provide fish culture training to other biologists. The Mora hatchery also works to conserve the bonytail chub. The hatchery accepts a limited number of volunteers to assist in conservation activities.

## Gila trout

Scientists at the Mora hatchery keep brood stocks of the Gila trout, maintaining them in as natural a setting as possible. They keep the Gila trout in tanks with woody cover, current flow, and with other fishes that naturally associate in the wild, like the desert and Sonoran sucker. Culturing fish in as natural an environment as possible is intended to maintain wild characteristics so that the offspring are well-suited to face the rigors of the wild.
Elaborate quarantine procedures have been established to prevent the spread of disease to the rare brood stocks from fish brought in from the wild and from other hatcheries. Of particular concern is whirling disease.

## Water recirculation system

In 2000, the Mora fish hatchery installed an award-winning, leading-edge water recirculation system that allows the Mora facility to recirculate up to 95 percent of its water.
# Frederick Smith (Pennsylvania lawyer)

Frederick Smith (March 1, 1773 – October 6, 1830) was a Pennsylvania lawyer. He was state Attorney General (1823–8) and a justice of the state's Supreme Court (1828–30).

## Biography and career

Smith was born in the Germantown area of Philadelphia. After graduating in 1792 from the University of Pennsylvania, he worked and studied in the office of Jared Ingersoll, a signer of the U. S. Constitution who was then the newly appointed state Attorney General. In 1794, Smith moved to Reading, and practiced law in Berks, Lehigh, Northampton, and Schuylkill counties.
In 1809 he was part of the team defending, unsuccessfully, the controversial Susanna Cox.
In 1823, Governor Shulze offered Smith the position of Secretary of the Commonwealth, which he declined, but then offered Smith the position of state Attorney General, which he accepted. He served until 1828, when he resigned upon being appointed to the state Supreme Court, where he served until his death in 1830.
His grandson Edmond L. Smith was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and the Colorado Territorial Legislative Assembly.
# Łączyno

Łączyno is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Stężyca, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Kartuzy, and 43 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Łąg

Łąg is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czersk, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Czersk, 37 km (23 mi) north-east of Chojnice, and 71 km (44 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania.

## History

Łąg was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Tuchola County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.
In 1904, a local branch of the "Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society was founded in the village.
During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), in 1942, the Germans carried out expulsions of Poles, who were initially held in the Potulice concentration camp, and then some were deported to forced labour in Germany, while their farms were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.

## Locations

* Łąg Południowy railway station

## Notable people

* Augustyn Worzałła [pl] (1837–1905), Polish Catholic priest and activist, local parish priest
# Łąkoć, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Łąkoć is a settlement in Gmina Miastko, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Słupsk Voivodeship.
# Radical 67

Radical 67 or radical script (文部) meaning "script" or "literature" is one of the 34 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 4 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 26 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
文 is also the 93rd indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

## Evolution

* Oracle bone script character
* Bronze script character
* Large seal script character
* Small seal script character

## Derived characters

| Strokes | Characters |
| +0 | 文 |
| +2 | 齐$^{SC}$ (=齊 -> 齊) 刘$^{SC}$ (=劉 -> 刀) |
| +4 | 斉$^{JP}$ (=齊 -> 齊) |
| +6 | 斊 斋$^{SC}$ (=齋 -> 齊) |
| +7 | 斍 (=覺 -> 見) 斎$^{JP}$ (=齋 -> 齊) 斏 |
| +8 | 斌 斐 斑 |
| +9 | 斒 |
| +12 | 斓$^{SC}$ (=斕) |
| +15 | 斔 |
| +17 | 斕 |
| +19 | 斖 |
The Unihan Database classifies the Simplified Chinese character 齐 and Japanese shinjitai 斉 and 斎 under this radical. However, 齐 actually belongs to radical 齐 (齊) (Simplified Chinese characters radical #140, =Kangxi Radical 210) in mainland China's standard and Simplified Chinese dictionaries; 斉 and 斎 usually falls under radical 斉 (齊) (or "齊 (斉)" depending on each dictionary's standard) in Japanese dictionaries.

## Sinogram

The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or kanji taught in elementary school in Japan. It is a first grade kanji.
# Łękinia

Łękinia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koczała, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Koczała, 37 km (23 mi) north-west of Człuchów, and 118 km (73 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Łężyce, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Łężyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wejherowo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Wejherowo and 25 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the ethnocultural region of Kashubia in the historic region of Pomerania.
Łężyce was a royal village of the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Puck County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

## Notable people

* Edmund Roszczynialski [pl] (1888–1939), Polish Catholic priest, activist, member of the Polish resistance movement in partitioned Poland, and founder of the Polska Żyje Polish resistance organisation during World War II, murdered by the Germans in Cewice
* Hipolit Roszczynialski [pl] (1897–1939), Polish activist and soldier, murdered by the Germans in the Massacres in Piaśnica during World War II
# Samuel J. Pugh

Samuel Johnson Pugh (January 28, 1850 – April 17, 1922) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.
Born in Greenup County, Kentucky, Pugh moved with his parents to Lewis County in 1852. He attended Chandler's Select School, Rand's Academy, and Centre College, Danville, Kentucky.
He studied law and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in Vanceburg, Kentucky.
He held the following positions:
* City attorney, 1872–1873
* Master commissioner of the circuit court, 1874–1880
* County attorney, 1878–1886
* County judge, 1886–1890
* Delegate to the State constitutional convention, 1890–1891
* State senator, 1893–1894
Pugh was elected November 6, 1894 as a Republican to the 54th, 55th, and 56th Congresses (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1901).
He resumed the practice of law in Vanceburg, Kentucky and died there April 17, 1922. He was interred in Woodland Cemetery.