OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bayou darter

The Bayou darter (Etheostoma rubrum) is a rare species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to western Mississippi in the United States, where it is found only in Bayou Pierre and its tributaries. Its typical habitat is fast-flowing creeks and streams, in riffles and in areas between riffles with firm gravel bottoms. It feeds on small insects and their larvae. Breeding probably takes place twice a year, in spring and late summer. The population of this fish is declining due to loss of suitable habitat. This is caused by siltation and pollution, particularly erosion caused by changes in land use. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "endangered".

## Description

This species can reach a length of 5.5 centimetres (2.2 in) TL.

## Distribution and habitat

The Bayou darter is endemic to the drainage of Bayou Pierre, a tributary of the Mississippi River. This fish is present in several tributaries flowing into Bayou Pierre including White Oak Creek, Foster Creek, and Turkey Creek. It lives in fast flowing, shallow areas of its native streams. It can be found in riffles and in the water between riffles in areas with firm gravel substrates. Associated fish species include brighteye darter (Etheostoma lynceum), least madtom (Noturus hildebrandi), bluntface shiner (Cyprinella camura), and redspot darter (Etheostoma artesiae).

## Behavior

Spawning occurs in April through May and sometimes into August. The female lays up to 75 eggs, and probably spawns at least twice during the spawning season. The fish lives about 3 years, with the male living slightly longer than the female on average. This species has low genetic diversity.
The Bayou darter eats insects and their larvae, including caddisflies, blackflies, midges, and mayflies. It increases its food consumption in the time leading up to spawning.

## Status

The main threat to the species is the alteration of its habitat by human beings. The Bayou Pierre is currently experiencing heavy erosion, particularly headcutting, in which erosion moves upstream in waves. Channeling, dredging and mining on the adjacent floodplains cause some alteration. These processes cause an increase in sediment. Petroleum exploration has affected the area. Agriculture, especially silviculture affect the area by destroying riparian habitat, causing erosion and increasing sedimentation. This process destroys the riffles the fish occupies, and creates new riffles elsewhere, causing the fish population to move. Fertilizers and herbicides may enter the water. As a consequence of these factors, the IUCN has listed the Bayou darter as "Endangered" and considers that further habitat and population monitoring programs should be undertaken to protect the fish and its habitat.
# Göfis

Göfis is a municipality in the district of Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
# Xavier Sigalon

Xavier Sigalon (1787 – 18 August 1837) was a French painter. He was one of the few leaders of the romantic movement who cared more for treatment of form than of colour.

## Biography

Xavier Sigalon was born in Uzès, Gard, towards the end of 1787, son of a poor rural schoolmaster. With great difficulty he came to Paris and obtained admission to the studio of Pierre-Narcisse Guérin. He did not agree with the instruction he was given, and tried to train himself by studying the Italian masters in the gallery of the Louvre. In 1822 he exhibited The Young Courtesan, which at once attracted attention and was bought for the Luxembourg.
Sigalon continued to challenge himself, producing Locusta in 1824, and Athaliahs Massacre in 1827. Both these works showed incontestable power; but the Vision of St Jerôme, which appeared at the Salon of 1831, and the Crucifixion, were much the most individual of all his achievements. In 1831 he received the cross of the Legion of Honour. His paintings at this time, although powerful in their drawing and composition, were not colorful and did not sell. Sigalon found himself forced to earn a humble living by painting portraits.
In 1833 Adolphe Thiers, then minister of the interior, recalled Sigalon to Paris and entrusted him with the task of copying the Sistine fresco of The Last Judgement for a hall in the Palace of the Fine Arts. His friend François Souchon agreed to assist Sigalon in this huge task. There was a dispute between the two artists, and Souchon returned to Paris. He was replaced as Sigalon's assistant by Numa Boucoiran. When Sigalon exhibited his gigantic work in the Baths of Diocletian at Rome, he was visited in state by Gregory XVI. Sigalon carried his copy back to Paris in February 1837. He returned to Rome some time later to copy the pendants of the Sistine Chapel, but succumbed to an attack of cholera on 18 August 1837.
# Bitcoin Core

Bitcoin Core is free and open-source software that serves as a bitcoin node (the set of which form the Bitcoin network) and provides a bitcoin wallet which fully verifies payments. It is considered to be bitcoin's reference implementation. Initially, the software was published by jason eric puebla salinas under the name "Bitcoin", and later renamed to "Bitcoin Core" to distinguish it from the network. It is also known as the Satoshi client. Bitcoin Core includes a transaction verification engine and connects to the bitcoin network as a full node.
The software validates the entire blockchain, which includes all bitcoin transactions ever. This distributed ledger, which has reached more than 608.9 gigabytes (not including database indexes) in size as of October 2024, must be downloaded or synchronized before full participation of the client may occur. Bitcoin Core includes a scripting language inspired by Forth that can define transactions and specify parameters.
The original creator of the bitcoin client has described their approach to the software's authorship as it being written first to prove to themselves that the concept of purely peer-to-peer electronic cash was valid and that a paper with solutions could be written. The lead developer is Wladimir J. van der Laan, who took over the role on 8 April 2014. Gavin Andresen was the former lead maintainer for the software client. Andresen left the role of lead developer for bitcoin to work on the strategic development of its technology. Bitcoin Core in 2015 was central to a dispute with Bitcoin XT, a competing client that sought to increase the blocksize.
Over a dozen different companies and industry groups fund the development of Bitcoin Core. In 2019, MIT announced donations of $900,000 would be used to fund the Digital Currency Initiative, which would mainly go to developers of Bitcoin Core.
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 562

This is a list of all theUnited States Supreme Courtcases from volume 562 of theUnited States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Wilson v. Corcoran | 562 U.S. 1 | November 8, 2010 |
| The Court ruled that Federal courts may only grant a writ of habeas corpus if a violation of federal law is found. Federal courts may not grant habeas relief if, instead, the only issue raised is a potential violation of state law. |||
| Abbott v. United States | 562 U.S. 8 | November 15, 2010 |
| In an 8-0 decision, the Court ruled that 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), which required a minimum five-year prison sentence, was to be imposed in addition to any other mandatory sentence given for another crime, including the underlying drug-related or violent offense. |||
| Los Angeles County v. Humphries | 562 U.S. 29 | November 30, 2010 |
| Where a city is being sued under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, if it violates someone's rights because of "policy or custom," it is liable regardless of whether the "policy or custom" was established by city ordinance or state law. |||
| Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega S.A. | 562 U.S. 40 | December 13, 2010 |
| Madison Cnty. v. Oneida Indian Nation | 562 U.S. 42 | January 13, 2011 |
| Mayo Foundation v. United States | 562 U.S. 44 | January 11, 2011 |
| Ransom v. FIA Card Services, N.A. | 562 U.S. 61 | January 11, 2011 |
| A debtor in bankruptcy is only allowed to shield from creditors an amount for a car payment if they are actually purchasing or leasing the vehicle, and not if they already own it. |||
| Harrington v. Richter | 562 U.S. 86 | January 19, 2011 |
| Premo v. Moore | 562 U.S. 115 | January 19, 2011 |
| NASA v. Nelson | 562 U.S. 134 | January 19, 2011 |
| Thompson v. N. Am. Stainless | 562 U.S. 170 | January 24, 2011 |
| Ortiz v. Jordan | 562 U.S. 180 | January 24, 2011 |
| Chase Bank USA, N.A. v. McCoy | 562 U.S. 195 | January 24, 2011 |
| Swarthout v. Cooke | 562 U.S. 216 | January 24, 2011 |
| Jackson v. Hobbs | 562 U.S. 1 | February 9, 2011 |
| Bruesewitz v. Wyeth | 562 U.S. 223 | February 22, 2011 |
| CSX Transp., Inc. v. Ala. Dept. of Revenue | 562 U.S. 277 | February 22, 2011 |
| Walker v. Martin | 562 U.S. 307 | February 23, 2011 |
| Williamson v. Mazda Motor of Am., Inc. | 562 U.S. 323 | February 23, 2011 |
| Michigan v. Bryant | 562 U.S. 344 | February 28, 2011 |
| FCC v. AT&T | 562 U.S. 397 | March 1, 2011 |
| Staub v. Proctor Hosp. | 562 U.S. 411 | March 1, 2011 |
| Henderson v. Shinseki | 562 U.S. 428 | March 13, 2011 |
| Snyder v. Phelps | 562 U.S. 443 | March 2, 2011 |
| Pepper v. United States | 562 U.S. 476 | March 2, 2011 |
| Skinner v. Switzer | 562 U.S. 521 | March 7, 2011 |
| Wall v. Kholi | 562 U.S. 545 | March 7, 2011 |
| Milner v. Dept. of Navy | 562 U.S. 562 | March 7, 2011 |
| Felkner v. Jackson | 562 U.S. 594 | March 21, 2011 |
# Giorgos Tzifos

Giorgos Tzifos (Greek: Γιώργος Τζιφός; 1918 – 27 May 1986) was a Greek actor in theater and movies. He played mostly secondary roles in comedies, even Law 4000 of Giorgos Dalianidis. I Will Make You Queen (as a builder) and I de gyni na fovitai ton andra as a chauffeur. In 1982, he appeared in the movie Alaloum with Harry Klynn. He also appeared in that time in a television series about milk, as a hero of little Bobo. He died on 27 May 1986 and is buried in Athens Cemetery.

## Selected filmography
### As cinematographer

| Year | Film title (English translation) | Original title and transliteration | Role |
| 1953 | The Skies Are Ours | Οι ουρανοί είναι δικοί μας Oi ouranoi einai dikoi mas | - |
| 1954 | Happy starting | Χαρούμενο ξεκίνημα Haroumeno ksekinima | Patroklos |
| 1960 | The Scorned | Το κλωτσοσκούφι To klotsoskoufi | amusement park employer |
| 1960 | The Yellow Gloves | Τα κίτρινα γάντια Ta kitrina gandia | Mr. Spiliotopoulos |
| 1962 | Law 4000 | Νόμος 4000 Law 4000 | - |
| 1964 | I Will Make You Queen | Θα σε κάνω βασίλισσα Tha se kano vassilisa | Vangelis |
| 1965 | And the Wife Shall Revere Her Husband | Η δε γυνή να φοβήται τον άνδρα I de gini na fovite ton antra | Pantoflas |
| 1967 | Mad, crazy and Veggos | Τρελός, παλαβός και Βέγγος Trelos, palavos kai Vegos | hotel manager |
| 1967 | The dressmaker | Ο μόδιστρος O modistros | Koulis |
| 1967 | From longing to longing | Από λαχτάρα σε λαχτάρα Apo lahtara se lahtara | - |
| 1969 | The curmudgeon | Το στραβόξυλο To stravoksilo | Fondas |
| 1969 | Who is Thanassis | Ποιος Θανάσης Poios Thanassis | Pelopidas |
| 1970 | The Mediterranean is on fire | Η Μεσόγειος φλέγεται I Mesogeios flegete | - |
| 1972 | O anthropos pou espage plaka | Ο άνθρωπος που έσπαγε πλάκα | Mr. Stravogiannidis |
| 1975 | Oi vaseis kai i Vasoula | Οι βάσεις και η Βασούλα | Karadontis |
| 1975 | Dritte, Grad, Der | - | - |
| 1975 | The Travelling Players | Ο θίασος O Thiasos | - |
| 1976 | Thanassis in "slap land" | Ο Θανάσης Στη Χώρα Της Σφαλιάρας O Thanasis sti hora tis sfaliaras | 21 April representative |
| 1979 | The bold student | Ο φαλακρός μαθητής O falakros mathitis | - |
| 1982 | Alaloum | Αλαλούμ | - |
| 1983 | Ink sorbet | Γρανίτα από μελάνι Granita apo melani | Mr. Saltafidas |

### Television

| Year | Film title (English translation) | Original title and transliteration | Role | Broadcaster |
| 1982 | Gianni kai Maria | Γιάννης και Μαρία Yianni ke Maria | - | - |
# Think Africa Press

Think Africa Press is an English-language online magazine based in London focusing on reports and analysis of current affairs from Africa. The magazine was launched in January 2011 and is edited by James Schneider. It features articles from leading African and international thinkers, on-the-spot reporters, and experts, covering aspects including politics, history, the economy, legal, society, gender, health, agriculture and environmental issues.

## Format

The magazine brings together analysis from contributors around the world, representing a range of viewpoints and opinions about Africa. . Various special features have also been compiled which include background and analysis articles, interviews, reviews, and an editorial Q&A, explaining.
The magazine brings together has a multi-national staff based in London and a global network of expert correspondents, representing a range of viewpoints and opinions about Africa. The publication uses a variety of writing styles including news articles, interviews and blogs as well as multimedia such as videos and infographics.

## Notable contributors

* Desmond Tutu
* Robert I. Rotberg
* Mahmood Mamdani
* Sarah Leah Whitson
* Stephen Chan
* Barbara Harrell-Bond
* [Tewodros Melesse (Director General, International Planned Parenthood Federation)
* Jack McConnell
* Nasir El-Rufai
* Neville Isdell
* Joaquim Chissano
* Joyce Banda

## Critical reception

The launch of Think Africa Press was well received by a number of analysts such as Dr Phil Clark from the School of Oriental and African Studies, who described it as “a long overdue source of analysis and critical commentary”. In 2013 Think Africa Press was listed in Howzit MSN's "10 African Blogs You Should Be Reading"
Technorati has ranked Think Africa Press 34th in its Top 100 World Politics blogs. In 2013 Think Africa Press’s Environment page ranked 11th in a list of the top 100 environment blogs of 2013.

## Affiliations

Think Africa Press is a partner of the African Press Association, part of The Guardian Africa network, and regularly republished on AllAfrica.com. In 2011 Think Africa Press supported the Oxford University Africa Society by sponsoring their 2011 Pan-Africanism Conference.
# Tajinder

Tajinder is a given name of Indian origin.

## People with the surname

* Tajinder Singh (born 1992), Indian cricketer
* Tajinder Singh Toor (born 1994), Indian shot putter
# Green White Green

Green White Green is a 2016 Nigerian coming of age film revolving around three teenagers, who seem on an interminably long wait for university. The film was released in film festivals.

## Plot

Three teenagers seem to be on an interminably long wait for university. In the hiatus, they carry on with various shenanigans. Uzzie tries his hand on becoming an artist, his friend Segun keeps a bag packed for an always impending trip to New York and the other one tries to make his father believe in and respect him.
Their 'lounging and chilling' sessions help the audience understand what drives the average young Nigerian; the audience sees the American and hip-hop influence, the Boko Haram issue, the hankering after 'going abroad' and the lack of direction that sometimes leads young people down the wrong path.
A group of Ajegunle boys are described as 'Future Thugs' and one of them actually looks in the camera and says – 'Make you look me o, I no well o' which sort of sums up the mental state of many young Nigerians driven half-mad by disillusion and the mess their parents have made of the country.
Green White Green is produced and directed by Abba Makama. It stars Ifeanyi Dike, Samuel Robinson and Jammal Ibrahim.

## Cast

* Ifeanyi Dike as Uzoma
* Jammal Ibrahim as Baba
* Samuel Robinson as Segun
* Crystabel Goddy as Maggie
* Erick Didie as Badmus
* Victor Gwan as The Robot
* Bimbo Manuel as Prof. Ogunde
* Okey Uzoeshi as Chuks
* Omoye Uzamere as Adejoke Adunbarin

## Release and reception

Green White Green was released in Nigeria on 30 September 2016 at the Lights Camera Africa Film Festival in Lagos, following a screening at the Toronto International Film Festival.
The film was described as "scrappy and clever" by Now Toronto and as "Meta-Nollywood" by Screen Daily.
# Mackenzie Thorpe

Mackenzie Thorpe (born 1956 in Middlesbrough, Yorkshire) is a British artist. In 2019 he celebrated 30 years of artistic practice with a world tour, From the Heart, which included the UK in July; he was also appointed as the official artist to 2019 Tour de Yorkshire; was appointed as the 2019 "Welcome to Yorkshire, Official Chelsea Flower show artist”; and unveiled a new temporary public sculpture in his home town of Middlesbrough. His bronze sculpture called 'Waiting for me Dad' was placed next to the Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge. He considers it a tribute to the men and women who have made Middlesbrough great.
Born as the first of seven children, Thorpe initially worked in the local shipyards. However, in 1977, following encouragement of a friend he successfully applied to study art at Cleveland College of Art and Design, where he flourished under the tuition of Tom Wall, going on to study for a Fine Art BA at Byam Shaw College of Art in London from which he graduated in 1982. In 1989 he decided to become a full-time artist, moving from London to Richmond, North Yorkshire, where he opened the Mackenzie Thorpe Arthaus gallery. In 2000 he was awarded an honorary degree of Master of Arts from Teesside University, followed by being was awarded an honorary professorship by Seisa University in Japan in 2019..
His works are associated with a principle of "Art from the heart" – combining tenderness with fervency through his abstract depictions of animals and children. His work is wide-ranging from the accessible 'square sheep' and duffle coat boys to more challenging work focusing on isolation and man's struggle. Much of his work depicts his childhood growing up in Middlesbrough. His auction record of £9,000, paid for his 91 cm square oil on canvas "The Family (Kiss)" was set at Tennant's auction house in Leyburn on 4 March 2009. He and his staff operate through a company, and in 2020 his original artworks were said to cost from £10,000.
He and his wife, Susan, have been married since his twenties, and have children and grandchildren.
# Quang Tri Airport

Quảng Trị Airport (Vietnamese language: Sân bay Quảng Trị) is a military/civil under construction in the province of Quảng Trị, Vietnam, around 560 km south of Hanoi. The airport will be located in the commune of Gio Quang, Gio Linh District, 7 km north of the provincial capital Đông Hà. The master plan was signed by the chairman of the Quảng Trị provincial people's committee. The investment cost is estimated VND 374.787 billion (equivalent to US$27 million). The airport is expected to be operational from 2026. The airport will cover 290 hectares, 93 km south of Quảng Bình Province's Đồng Hới Airport and 88 km north Phu Bai International Airport by road (National Route 1).
# The Headhunters

The Headhunters are an American jazz fusion band formed by Herbie Hancock in 1973. The group fused jazz, funk, and rock music.

## History and band name

Hancock had grown dissatisfied with his prior band, Mwandishi, and wanted to make a band with a stronger funk component. He chose the name of the group, "Headhunters", while doing Buddhist chanting. The name pleased him because it made a triple reference to the jungle, to intellectual concerns, and to sexual activity.
In 1973, the band comprised Hancock (keyboards), Bennie Maupin (saxophone, clarinet), Harvey Mason (drums), Paul Jackson (bass), and Bill Summers (percussion). Their first album, Head Hunters, sold more than one million copies.

## Discography
### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | US | US Jazz (Trad) | US Jazz (Cont) |
| Head Hunters (Herbie Hancock album) | Release date: 1973 Label: Columbia | 21 | — | — |
| Thrust (Herbie Hancock album) | Release date: 1974 Label: Columbia | — | — | — |
| Flood (live album with Herbie Hancock) | Release date: 1975 Label: CBS/Sony | — | — | — |
| Man-Child (Herbie Hancock album) | Release date: 1975 Label: Columbia | — | — | — |
| Survival of the Fittest | Release date: 1975 Label: Arista | 126 | 12 | — |
| Straight from the Gate | Release date: 1977 Label: Arista | — | — | — |
| Return of the Headhunters! (with Herbie Hancock) | Release date: 1998 Label: Verve | — | — | 9 |
| Evolution Revolution | Release date: 2003 Label: Basin Street | — | — | — |
| Platinum | Release date: 2011 Label: Owl Studios | — | — | — |
| Speakers in the House | Release date: Nov 4, 2022 Label: Ropeadope Records/Devil Hills Entertainment | — | — | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart |||||

### Live albums

| Title | Album details |
| On Top: Live in Europe | Release date: 2008 Label: BHM Productions |
# Migapulle Arachchi

Migapulle Arachchi was a feudal lord from the Jaffna Kingdom who became a rebel leader just after its annexation by the Portuguese Empire in 1619. His title Arachchi, is a title given to the commanders of Lascarins or native military forces.

## Variations

They are also known by other names including the Ciṉṉa Mikkappiḷḷai or Ciṉṉa Mīkāppiḷḷai also known as Chinna Migapillai.

## History

After the death of Ethirimana Cinkam, the king of Jaffna Kingdom, there were three claimants to the throne. Cankili II usurped the throne by killing the other claimants, Arasakasari the latter king's brother and Periya Pillai Arachchi a powerful Karaiyar chieftain and father of Migapulle. Migapulle fled to Mannar with the two princesses of Jaffna kingdom to the Portuguese and embraced Catholic Christianity, and was baptised as Dom Luis. Migapulle joined other Christian mudaliyars such as Dom Pedro and with other local support who were dissatisfied with the cruel rule of Cankili and rose to revolt. Cankili put down the uprising by inviting Raghunatha Nayak, who sent his captain Varunakulattan (also known as Khem Nayak) and a force of 5000 men.
Cankili II was under the Portuguese made the governor of Jaffna in 1617 and paid tribute to them on the promise that he had no contact with the Karaiyar captains. The Portuguese conquered the Jaffna kingdom in 1619 and sent Cankili II to Goa where he was beheaded. Six revolts were led by Karaiyar captains between 1620 and 1621. Migapulle went to India and invited Raghunatha Nayak on March 1620, the king of Thanjavur Nayak kingdom. They were eventually defeated by the Portuguese and a second rebellion was led by Varunakulattan, under the support of the Thanjavur Nayak. They were finally defeated in February 1621 by Phillippe de Oliveira. The rebellion was put down with excessive brutality against the civilian population including mass murder and mutilations.
# Puviraja Pandaram

Puviraja Pandaram (Tamil: புவிராஜ பண்டாரம்) (died 1591) ruled the Jaffna kingdom during a period of chaos during and after the death of his father Cankili I in 1565. He became king in 1561 following a local uprising against Cankili I. Although he was the nominal king, Cankili I wielded real power behind the throne until his death in 1565. After Cankili's death, Puviraja Pandaram lost power to one Kasi Nainar and Periyapillai. After the death or abdication of Periyapillai in 1582, Puviraja Pandarm was nominated as the king for the second time.
During his second tenure he attempted to wrest the control of the pearl-rich Mannar Island from the Portuguese by attacking the fort by sea and land. He was defeated in both attempts.
After the occupation of Kandy by Rajasinha I of Sitawaka, Puviraja Pandaram gave refuge and protection to the sole surviving member of the Kandyan Royal family, the infant, Princess Kusumasana, who was baptized, as Dona Catherina (The daughter of Karaliedde Bandara).
Eventually Puviraja Pandaram was captured and beheaded by Portuguese in a battle during the second Portuguese expedition against Jaffna Kingdom led by André Furtado de Mendonça in 1591. He was succeeded by his son Ethirimana Cinkam.