OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Juan Manuel, lord of Belmonte

Juan Manuel de Villena y de la Vega (died 1543) was a Castilian nobleman, third lord of Belmonte, member of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Contador mayor of Castile, reeve of Burgos, Segovia, Plasencia, Jaén and Atienza.

## Biography

He was Ambassador of Spain to England in 1499. After the death of Philip I of Castile in 1506, a conflict with Ferdinand II of Aragon forced Juan Manuel into exile in Flanders, where he was apprehended and imprisoned. He was freed by Charles V and made ambassador to Pope Leo X, and in 1523 a position as councillor of state.
He was married to Catalina de Rojas. In 1536 he restored the Gospel wing of St Paul's abbey in Peñafiel, on the condition that one of the chapels of the abbey church would serve as his family tomb. His own tomb is there, as well as that of his mother, Aldonza de la Vega, and that of his wife.
His firstborn and heir was Lorenzo Manuel de Villena y Rojas, commander of the Order of Alcántara and senior butler to Charles V. His younger sons were Juan, bishop of Sigüenza (r. 1574–1579), Pedro, Lorenzo and Rodrigo.
Juan Manuel appears as a character in a number of Spanish historical films, including Juana la Loca (2001), played by Chema de Miguel, Isabel (2014), played by Jacobo Dicenta, and La corona partida (2016), again played by Jacobo Dicenta.
# Ruvalcaba

Ruvalcaba is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Felipe Ruvalcaba (1941–2019), Mexican association football forward
* Higinio Ruvalcaba (1905–1976), Mexican violinist and composer
* Lenia Ruvalcaba (born 1986), Mexican judoka
* Marcelo Garza Ruvalcaba (born 1983), Mexican politician
* Nicolás Ruvalcaba (born 1982), Mexican association football player
* Rogelio Ruvalcaba (born 1988), Mexican boxer
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 583

This is a list of all theUnited States Supreme Courtcases from volume 583 of theUnited States Reports:
    Note: As of August 2024, final bound volumes for the U.S. Supreme Court's United States Reports have been published through volume 579. Newer cases from subsequent future volumes do not yet have official page numbers and typically use three underscores in place of the page number; e.g., Snyder v. United States, 603 U.S. ___ (2024).
| Case name | Docket no. | Date decided |
| Kernan v. Cuero | 16–1468 | November 6, 2017 |
| Dunn v. Madison | 17–193 | November 6, 2017 |
| Hamer v. Neighborhood Housing Serv. | 16–658 | November 8, 2017 |
| In re United States | 17–801 | December 20, 2017 |
| Tharpe v. Sellers | 17–6075 | January 8, 2018 |
| District of Columbia v. Wesby | 15–1485 | January 22, 2018 |
| Artis v. District of Columbia | 16–460 | January 22, 2018 |
| Nat'l Ass'n of Manufacturers v. Dept of Defense | 16–299 | January 22, 2018 |
| CNH Industrial N.V. v. Reese | 17–515 | February 20, 2018 |
| Montana v. Wyoming | Orig/ 137, Orig | February 20, 2018 |
| Digital Realty Tr., Inc. v. Somers | 16–1276 | February 21, 2018 |
| Class v. United States | 16–424 | February 21, 2018 |
| Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran | 16–534 | February 21, 2018 |
| Murphy v. Smith | 16–1067 | February 21, 2018 |
| Patchak v. Zinke | 16–498 | February 27, 2018 |
| Jennings v. Rodriguez | 15–1204 | February 27, 2018 |
| Merit Management Group, LP v. FTI Consulting, Inc. | 16–784 | February 27, 2018 |
| U.S. Bank N.A. v. Village at Lakeridge, LLC | 15–1509 | March 5, 2018 |
| Texas v. New Mexico | Orig./ 141, Orig. | March 5, 2018 |
| Cyan, Inc. v. Beaver Cnty. Employees Retirement Fund | 15–1439 | March 20, 2018 |
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 593

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 593 of the United States Reports:
    Note: As of August 2024, final bound volumes for the U.S. Supreme Court's United States Reports have been published through volume 579. Newer cases from subsequent future volumes do not yet have official page numbers and typically use three underscores in place of the page number; e.g., Snyder v. United States, 603 U.S. ___ (2024).
| Case name | Docket no. | Date decided |
| Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. | 18–956 | April 5, 2021 |
| Tandon v. Newsom | 20A151 | April 9, 2021 |
| AMG Capital Management, LLC v. FTC | 19–508 | April 22, 2021 |
| Carr v. Saul | 19–1442 | April 22, 2021 |
| Jones v. Mississippi | 18–1259 | April 22, 2021 |
| Alaska v. Wright | 20–940 | April 26, 2021 |
| Niz-Chavez v. Garland | 19–863 | April 29, 2021 |
| Caniglia v. Strom | 20–157 | May 17, 2021 |
| CIC Services, LLC v. IRS | 19–930 | May 17, 2021 |
| BP p.l.c. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore | 19–1189 | May 17, 2021 |
| Edwards v. Vannoy | 19–5807 | May 17, 2021 |
| Guam v. United States | 20–382 | May 24, 2021 |
| United States v. Palomar-Santiago | 20–437 | May 24, 2021 |
| San Antonio v. Hotels.com, L. P. | 20–334 | May 27, 2021 |
| United States v. Cooley | 19–1414 | June 1, 2021 |
| Garland v. Ming Dai | 19–1155 | June 1, 2021 |
| Van Buren v. United States | 19–783 | June 3, 2021 |
| Sanchez v. Mayorkas | 20–315 | June 7, 2021 |
| Borden v. United States | 19–5410 | June 10, 2021 |
| Terry v. United States | 20–5904 | June 14, 2021 |
| Greer v. United States | 19–8709 | June 14, 2021 |
| Fulton v. City of Philadelphia | 19–123 | June 17, 2021 |
| Nestlé USA, Inc. v. Doe | 19–416 | June 17, 2021 |
| California v. Texas | 19–840 | June 17, 2021 |
# George Boakye (politician)

George Boakye is a Ghanaian politician who served as the member of parliament for the Asunafo South Constituency. He is currently the Regional Minister for Ahafo region.

## Early life and education

He was born on 6 October 1956. He hails from Sankore a town in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Science from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in 1992. He further had his Master of Education degree in Educational Planning and Administration from the University of Cape Coast in 2001.

## Career

He is an Educationist. He worked as the Vice Principal of St. Joseph's Training College at Bechem prior to his joining politics.

## Politics

He is member of the New Patriotic Party. He was the District Chief Executive of Asunafo South District. He became member of the parliament representing Asunafo South Constituency in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana in the January 2009 after winning his poll in the 2008 Ghanaian General Elections with 16,574 votes out of 32,953 valid votes. He was succeeded in office by Eric Opoku of the NDC.

## Personal life

He is married with six children. He identifies as a Christian and a member of the Catholic Church.

## Controversy

In April 2017, the British High Commission in Ghana allegedly accused Boakye, Johnson Kwaku Adu, Richard Acheampong, and Joseph Benhazin Dahah of helping their relatives enter the UK illegally using their diplomatic passports. Boakye applied for visas for himself and his daughter and later left her in the UK who stayed for 3 years before returning to Ghana.
# Adrian Bradshaw (British Army officer)

General Sir Adrian John Bradshaw, KCB, OBE, DL (born 1958) is a former British Army officer who served as Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe. He also served as Director Special Forces from 2006 to 2009 and Commander Land Forces in 2013.

## Early life

Bradshaw was educated at Bloxham School, received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Reading in 1979, and obtained a Master of Science degree in Defence Studies in 1991 as well a Master of Arts degree in International Relations in 2005, both from King's College London.

## Military career

Bradshaw was commissioned into the 14th/20th King's Hussars in 1980. In 1994 he became commanding officer of the King's Royal Hussars, commanding the KRH Battlegroup in Bosnia. For his services in the former Yugoslavia, Bradshaw was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1998. On promotion to brigadier, he became senior advisor to the Combined Forces Air Component Command preparing for the invasion of Iraq. He was Deputy Commander of Task Force West during the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and took charge of the 7th Armoured Brigade during the initial stabilisation operations in April 2003, for which he was appointed an Officer of the Legion of Merit by the United States. By 2006 he was Director Special Forces.
Bradshaw was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 2009 New Year Honours and, that March, was appointed General Officer Commanding 1st (UK) Armoured Division which undertook a major training exercise in the Czech Republic in May 2009. He became Deputy Commander International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan and United Kingdom National Contingent Commander in Afghanistan in the rank of lieutenant general in November 2011. He is Vice-Chairman of the Combined Services Polo Association.
Bradshaw assumed the role of Commander Land Forces in succession to General Sir Nick Parker in January 2013. He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 2013 Birthday Honours, and was succeeded by Lieutenant General Nick Carter as Commander Land Forces in November 2013.
Bradshaw was promoted to general and appointed Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe on 28 March 2014. As of 2015, Bradshaw was paid a salary of between £170,000 and £174,999 by the department, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time. He retired on 12 August 2017.
Bradshaw held the honorary position of Regimental Colonel of the King's Royal Hussars from 2017 to 2022. In 2022 Bradshaw was granted permission to wear the insignia of a Commander of the Order of the Crown, which had been conferred on him by the King of Belgium.

## Later career

On 7 June 2018, during the annual Founder's Day Parade at the Royal Hospital Chelsea, it was announced that Bradshaw would become the new Governor of the Hospital in September 2018, succeeding General Sir Redmond Watt.
Bradshaw joined the Blesma Board of Trustees and was elected Chairman in 2017.
# Xavier Brunson

Xavier T. Brunson is a United States Army general who has served as the commander of United Nations Command, ROK/US Combined Forces Command and United States Forces Korea since 20 December 2024. He most recently served as the commanding general of I Corps from 2021 to 2024. He previously served as deputy commanding general of I Corps from May to September 2021, and commanding general of the 7th Infantry Division from 2019 to 2021, with assignments as chief of staff of XVIII Airborne Corps from 2017 to 2019 and deputy commanding general for operations of the 10th Mountain Division from 2016 to 2017.
A native of Fayetteville, North Carolina, Brunson enrolled in Reid Ross High School. Brunson holds a bachelor's degree in political science from Hampton University (where he earned his commission in 1990), a master's degree in human resources from Webster University, and a master's degree in national security and strategic studies from the United States Army War College.
# Sart (album)

Sart is the third album by Norwegian saxophonist Jan Garbarek, recorded over two days in April 1971 and released on ECM later that year—his second release for the label. The quintet features pianist Bobo Stenson, guitarist Terje Rypdal, and Afric Pepperbird rhythm section Arild Andersen and Jon Christensen.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The AllMusic review by Brian Olewnick awards the album 4 stars and states, "A strong recording and, along with all of the other early ECM Garbarek releases, recommended for fans who came upon him much later in his career."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jan Garbarek except where noted.

## Personnel

* Jan Garbarek – tenor saxophone, bass saxophone, flute
* Bobo Stenson – piano, electric piano
* Terje Rypdal – guitar
* Arild Andersen – bass
* Jon Christensen – percussion
# Archibald Campbell of Lochawe

Sir Archibald Campbell of Lochawe (died before 1394), also known as Gillespic Campbell, and Gillespig More, was an early member of Clan Campbell and patrilineal ancestor of the Earls of Argyll.

## Life

Archibald was the son of Sir Colin Og Campbell of Lochawe and his wife Helena, a possible daughter of John de Menteith. He became Lord of Lochawe either through inheritance from his father or the disenfranchisement of his brother, Dougall. In 1342, King David II granted Archibald the forfeited lands of his brother Dougall as well as the barony of Melfort. Melfort was in turn granted to Archibald's half-brother Neil, from whom the Campbells of Kenmore and Melfort descend. In the 1350s, Archibald was granted numerous properties in Argyll by John, Lord of Menteith and John's cousin Mary de Menteith, most notably Castle Sween. In 1373, he received the lands of Finnart and Stronewhillen from Paul Glenn. In 1382, he and his son, Colin, were appointed the hereditary position of King's Lieutenants and Special Commissioners in the Sheriffdom of Argyll, which would provide them income in exchange for performing various bureaucratic duties.

## Marriage and issue

According to Ane Accompt of the Genealogie of the Campbells, Archibald married Mary or Isabella, daughter of John Lamont. She is referred to as Mary in other sources. Archibald and Isabella had the following children:
* Sir Colin 'Iongantach' Campbell of Lochawe, father of Duncan (1st Lord Campbell)
* Helena Campbell
* Duncan 'Skeodanasach' (or Skeodnish) Campbell
Through Colin descend the Earls of Argyll. Helena married firstly John MacDonald, son of John of Islay and had a son named Angus. She married secondly Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox and had issue. Duncan earned his honorific Skeodanasach for having been raised by Clan Malcolm in Ardscotnish; the MacConnochie Campbells of Inverawe are said to descend from him.
# Assault on Vatikivi

The Assault on Vatikivi (Swedish: Anfallet på Vatikivi; Russian: Нападение на Ватикиви) was a failed Swedish attempt to dislodge a Russian force that was blockading the Swedish defenders at Viborg from their positions at Vatikivi during the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497).

## Background
### Beginning of the Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497)

In August 1495, the awaited Russian attack began, with the Russians burning and destroying the villages of Nykyrka, Mohla, and Kivinebb. The frightened villagers fled and flooded into Viborg, with the Russians chasing behind them.

### Russian advance towards Viborg

When he received news of the advance, Bishop Magnus in Åbo bombarded Sten Sture with letters, with extreme exaggerations like that the Russians were preparing to send a fleet of 2,000 ships to Stockholm.

### Siege of Viborg

On 21 September the first Russians appeared outside of Viborg and the city was quickly surrounded on all sides. Russian siege trebuchets threw massive boulders towards the wall, with the biggest one being able to throw meter long boulders, which destroyed the wooden defenses outside of the city. The bombardments struck fear in the defenders, being 1,800 troops called up from Stockholm and Åbo and 800 quickly organized peasants from Nyland.

## Assault
### Preparations

On 12 October Knut Posse made an attempt to break the siege, with the assault being decided to be directed towards Vatikivi during night time. The Swedish force amounted to around 900 men or half of the defenders, with 100 of them being soldiers and 800 being peasants from Nyland.

### Attack

On the same day, Niilo Pentinpoika, Maunu Prille, and Hartwig Winholt along with Knut Posse accompanied by the Swedish force began rowing to Vatikivi. As quickly as they landed, a cry was heard signaling that the Russians were coming, the unexperienced peasants were frightened by the Russians and ran back as quickly as possible to the boats, with half of them sinking as they crowded into them. On the other hand, the soldiers stayed in their positions and kept defending and repelled the Russian attack until all of the boats had been emptied. Quickly after, another Russian force began attacking the soldiers on the shore. However, the peasants once again ran back to the boats causing several more to sink, and in the chaos that ensued Maunu Prille and Niilo Pentinpoika were captured by the Russians.
Hundreds are said to have been captured, killed, or wounded on the Swedish side, with the majority of the soldiers being killed. Hartwig was able to save himself by swimming away from the shore and grabbing ahold of a rope thrown from one of the escaping boats.

## Aftermath

After the defeat, Knut Posse moved to a full defence of Viborg, with the Russians assaulting the walls only a day later, but suffering heavy casualties in the process, and with the walls staying mostly unaffected.
# Adductor pollicis muscle

In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique.
It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles.

## Structure
### Oblique head

The oblique head (Latin: adductor obliquus pollicis) arises by several slips from the capitate bone, the bases of the second and third metacarpals, the intercarpal ligaments, and the sheath of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.
From this origin the greater number of fibers pass obliquely downward and converge to a tendon, which, uniting with the tendons of the medial portion of the flexor pollicis brevis and the transverse head of the adductor pollicis, is inserted into the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, a sesamoid bone being present in the tendon.
A considerable fasciculus, however, passes more obliquely beneath the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus to join the lateral portion of the flexor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis brevis.

### Transverse head

The transverse head (Latin: adductor transversus pollicis) is deeply seated.
It is triangular, arising by a broad base from the lower two-thirds of the palmar surface of the third metacarpal bone; the fibers converge, to be inserted with the medial part of the flexor pollicis brevis and the oblique head into the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

### Relations

The radial artery passes between the two heads, travelling from the back of the hand into the palm, where it forms the deep palmar arch.

### Innervation

The adductor pollicis is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8–T1).
Between the oblique and transverse heads is a thin fibrous arcade which the nerve passes as it traverses the palm laterally. The nerve is accompanied by the deep palmar arch.

## Function

While adduction of the thumb (bringing it back into the plane of the palm of the hand from its previously abducted position) is mainly produced by the adductor pollicis, it can also bring the thumb to the side of the palm and index finger and the flexor pollicis brevis and the opponens pollicis help in thumb adduction.

## Clinical significance

Froment's sign is used to test for a compromised adductor pollicis muscle.
In neuromuscular monitoring, the ulnar nerve is stimulated and the strength of adductor pollicis contraction is measured.

## Other animals

The adductor pollicis evolved from the contrahens I muscle as man's ancestors' thumbs and big toes became opposable. It might also contain an element of the thumb's interosseous muscle.
In the Pan-Homo LCA the oblique head of the adductor pollicis probably had a relatively small physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) and both heads probably acted as extensors and adductors at the carpometacarpal joint. In humans the PCSA of the oblique head is relatively enlarged and both heads act as flexors at this joint.
# Abductor digiti minimi muscle of the hand

In human anatomy, the abductor digiti minimi (abductor minimi digiti, abductor digiti quinti, ADM) is a skeletal muscle situated on the ulnar border of the palm of the hand. It forms the ulnar border of the palm and its spindle-like shape defines the hypothenar eminence of the palm together with the skin, connective tissue, and fat surrounding it. Its main function is to pull the little finger away from the other fingers (i.e. abduction).

## Structure

The abductor digiti minimi arises from the pisiform bone, the pisohamate ligament, and the flexor retinaculum.
Its distal tendon ends in three slips that are inserted into the ulnopalmar margin of the proximal phalanx, the palmar plate of the metacarpophalangeal joint, and the sesamoid bone when present. Some fibers insert into the finger's dorsal aponeurosis, which is why the muscle acts similar to a dorsal interosseus muscle.
Additionally, the ulnar-most portion of the tendon inserts into the little finger's digital cord, and the muscle thus forms part of a structure that flexes the metacarpophalangeal joint and extends the interphalangeal joints.

### Innervation

It is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8–T1).

### Development

The abductor digit minimi develops at an early stage from an ulnar muscle primordium of the superficial layer of the original undifferentiated mesenchyme of the hand, together with the flexor digitorum superficialis (medial primordia) and the abductor pollicis brevis (radial). In contrast, the remaining hypothenar muscles are derived from the deep layer at a later stage.

### Variation

In rare cases accessory fascicles of the abductor digiti minimi have been found arising from the antebrachial fascia, the radius, and the ulna.
The abductor digiti minimi is the most variable hypothenar muscle, and might be joined by accessory slips from the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris, the flexor retinaculum, the fascia of the distal forearm, or the tendon of the palmaris longus. Occasionally, the muscle is partially inserted onto the fifth metacarpal bone.
In case of polydactyly it may insert to the sixth finger instead, if there is one.

## Function

It is an abductor of the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
It is also possible that the muscle contributes to extension of the middle phalanx of the little finger through its connection to finger's extensor mechanism.
It plays an important role when the hand is grasping large objects with outspread fingers.

## Etymology

The name is derived from the Latin -ab "away from"; ducere "to draw"; digitus, "digit"; and minimum, smallest; or quintus, "fifth", meaning "abductor of the smallest or fifth finger".