OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Double closing

A double closing is the simultaneous purchase and sale of a real estate property involving three parties: the original seller, an investor (middleman), and the final buyer.
The underlying reasons for having a double closing vary. The most pressing and usual reason is to allow the middleman to use the purchasers funds to acquire the property from the original seller. Another common reason for a double closing is to conceal the identity of the purchaser or seller.
Typically, a real estate investor first enters into a contract to purchase a property and then subsequently (before closing the purchase) enters into a contract to sell the property (hopefully for a higher price). The investor then utilizes a double closing to close both transactions at approximately the same time.

## The mechanics

The mechanics of a double closing vary, depending on who the buyer and seller are, who is providing the financing, and who is conducting the closing. In the simplest form of double closing, the purchaser would pay the purchase monies to the middleman and they would complete a settlement statement (HUD-1) for their transaction. The purchaser would have to wait while the middleman uses most of the purchase monies to purchase the property from the seller. The seller and middleman would also complete a separate settlement statement for their transaction. The middleman would then instruct the seller to deed the property directly to the purchaser.
To keep the purchaser and seller separate, the closing may be conducted in two different rooms or at two different times or locations. Success is more likely if the closing agent is friendly and accommodating.
To simplify the transaction, the middleman may make one settlement statement directly between the purchaser and seller and take his profit as a line item on the settlement statement. This line item is usually on the purchaser's side of the statement as an assignment fee. This may create a problem for the middleman, as assignment fees may be taxed at a different rate than short-term capital gains.

## Legal standpoint

From a legal standpoint, most sale contracts stipulate that the seller may pay encumbrances out of the proceeds of the sale. The fact that the original seller still owns the property is definitely an encumbrance. Also, contracts may be assignable, thus allowing the middleman to have the right to assign his purchase contract to the purchaser for a fee.
# False Bay (disambiguation)

False Bay is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean near Cape Town, South Africa.
False Bay can also refer to:
* False Bay (Livingston Island) on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands
* False Bay, South Australia, a bay in South Australia
* False Bay, South Australia (locality), a locality in South Australia
* False Bay Park in iSimangaliso Wetland Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
* the former name of Allison Harbour on the Central Coast of British Columbia
* the former name of Lyall Bay in Wellington, New Zealand
* the former name of Mission Bay (San Diego) in San Diego, California
* the name recorded for the Kaipara Harbour by Captain Cook on his first voyage to New Zealand
# Mon premier amour

Mon premier amour is a 1978 French film.

## Cast

* Anouk Aimée - Jane Romain
* Richard Berry - Richard
* Nathalie Baye - Fabienne
* Gabriele Ferzetti - Georges
* Jacques Villeret - Jacques Labrousse
* Gilles Ségal - Professor
* Nicole Seguin - Carole
* Arlette Gordon - Sarah
* Jacques Ebner - Night porter
* René Bouloc - Taxi driver
* Stéphane Nachba - Richard, child
* Bernard-Pierre Donnadieu - Café owner
# Ghana Athletics Association

The Ghana Athletics Association was founded in 1944 as the Gold Coast Amateur Athletics Association.On the part of the Ghana Olympic Committee, the Ghana Athletics Association is the only Athletics Association authorized to send athletes to the Olympic Games.
# Ali Asgari (director)

Ali Asgari (Persian: علی عسگری; born 25 July 1982) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter and producer.

## Life and career

Born in Tehran, after his 2007 graduation from the Islamic Azad University Asgari went to study cinema in Italy. After directing several shorts, in 2016 he directed a segment of the anthology film In the Same Garden.
Asgari made his solo feature film debut in 2017 with Disappearance, which premiered at the 74th Venice International Film Festival in the Horizons sidebar and was later screened at the 42nd Toronto Film Festival. In 2022, his film Until Tomorrow was screened at the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival. The satirical film Terrestrial Verses he co-directed with Alireza Khatami was entered into the Un Certain Regard section of the 2023 Cannes Film Festival; upon his return in Iran, Asgari got his passport temporarily confiscated and was banned from directing other films.

## Filmography

* Disappearance (2017)
* Until Tomorrow (2022)
* Terrestrial Verses (2023)
* Higher than Acidic Clouds (2024)
# Quillaia

Quillaia is the milled inner bark or small stems and branches of the soapbark (Quillaja saponaria). Other names include Murillo bark extract, Panama bark extract, Quillaia extract, Quillay bark extract, Soapbark extract, and Quillajae cortex. Quillaia contains high concentrations of saponins that can be increased further by processing. Highly purified saponins from quillaia are used as adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines. Other compounds in the crude extract include tannins and other polyphenols, and calcium oxalate.
Quillaia is used in the manufacture of food additives. The extract also is used as a humectant in baked goods, frozen dairy products, and puddings and as a foaming agent in soft drinks. It is used in agriculture for some "natural" spray adjuvant formulations.

## Saponin adjuvants

The saponins from Quillaja saponaria are used in several approved veterinary vaccines (e.g., foot-and-mouth disease vaccines). Initially a crude preparation was used, but more recently purified products have been developed. Two of these (Quil A and Matrix-M) have been shown to be more effective and cause less local irritation.
Quil A is still a mixture of more than 25 different saponin molecules. One of them, the saponin QS21, has been investigated for as an adjuvant for human vaccines.
Novavax uses a highly purified quillaja extract as an adjuvant in its veterinary and human vaccines. The adjuvant, Matrix-M, is made at facilities in Sweden and Denmark.
# Lisl

Lisl is a German feminine given name. It is a diminutive of the name Elisabeth. Notable people with the name include:
* Elizabeth "Lisl" Close (née Scheu; 1912–2011), American architect
* Lisl Frank (1911–1944), Czech Jewish singer, dancer and actress
* Lisl Gaal (1924–2024), Austrian-born American mathematician
* Lisl Goldarbeiter (1909–1997), Austrian model and actress
* Elisabeth "Lisl" Kohn (1914–1999), wife of Norwegian psychiatrist Leo Eitinger
* Lisl Steiner (1927–2023), Austrian-born American photographer, photojournalist, and documentary filmmaker

## Fictional characters

* Lisl Baum, the Bond girl in the 1960 story Risico
* Countess Lisl von Schlaf in the 1981 film For Your Eyes Only
# Zincolivenite

Zincolivenite is a copper zinc arsenate mineral with formula CuZn(AsO$_4$)(OH) that is a member of the olivenite group. Its colors range from green to blue, and its name comes from its composition of zinc and olivenite.
It was first described from St Constantine, Lavrion District Mines, Laurium, Attica, Greece. It was approved by the International Mineralogical Association in 2006.
# Utahite

Utahite is an extremely rare secondary copper zinc tellurate mineral found as a product of oxidation. Its chemical formula is Cu$_5$Zn$_3$(Te$^{6+}$O$_4$)$_4$(OH)$_8$·7H$_2$O.
It was first described in 1997 for an occurrence in the Centennial Eureka mine, one mile southeast of Eureka, Tintic District, Juab County, Utah, US (type locality). The discovery site was a mine dump of a hydrothermal ore deposit where it occurs with cesbronite and quartz. It has also been reported from the Empire Mine in the Tombstone District of Cochise County, Arizona.
# Tirupattur (disambiguation)

Tirupattur is the headquarters of Tirupathur district in Tamil Nadu, India.
Tirupattur or Tirupathur (and other transliterations) is a common place-name in Tamil Nadu, India, and may also refer to:

## Sivaganga district

* Tiruppattur, Sivaganga, a panchayat town in Sivaganga district
* Tiruppattur block, a revenue block in Sivaganga district
* Tiruppattur, Sivaganga Assembly constituency, state assembly 194 in Sivaganga district

## Tirupattur district

* Tirupattur block, a revenue block in Tirupattur district
* Tirupattur district, a district carved out from Vellore district in 2019
* Tirupattur division, a revenue division in Tirupattur district
* Tirupattur taluk, a taluk in Tirupattur district
* Tiruppattur, Vellore Assembly constituency
* Tiruppattur railway station, a station serving the town

## Other districts

* Tirupattur (Lok Sabha constituency), a defunct Lok Sabha constituency
* Thiruppattur, Tiruchirappalli, a village in Tiruchirappalli district
* Tiruppattur, Vellore Assembly constituency, a state assembly constituency in Vellore district
# Sarkinite

Sarkinite, synonymous with chondrarsenite and polyarsenite, is a mineral with formula Mn$_2$(AsO$_4$)(OH). The mineral is named for the Greek word σάρκιυος, meaning made of flesh, for its red color and greasy luster. The mineral was first noted in Sweden in 1865 as chondrarsenite, though not identified as sarkinite until 1885.

## Description

Sarkinite is red to yellow in color. It occurs as thick tabular crystals, short prismatic crystals, or has a granular habit. Sarkinite sometimes aggregates into a roughly spherical shape. Sarkinite is a member of the Wagnerite Group.
The mineral occurs in manganese-rich lenses in quartzitic chlorite schists, metamorphosed zinc ore bodies, and rarely in metamorphosed Fe–Mn ore bodies.

## Structure

Sarkinite is isostructural with triploidite and wolfeite and is a dimorph of eveite. The crystal structure consists of MnO$_4$(OH)$_2$ octahedra, MnO$_4$(OH) trigonal bipyramids, and AsO$_4$ tetrahedra.

## History

In 1885, two similar minerals were discovered in Sweden. Polyarsenite was found in Grythyttan and named by Igelström for its high arsenic content. Sarkinite was discovered in Pajsberg, Persberg, and named by A. Sjögren after the Greek word σάρκιυος, meaning made of flesh, in reference to the blood-red color and greasy luster. It was considered likely that the two minerals were identical. A study in 1980 showed that polyarsenite and chondrarsenite, discovered in 1865, were in fact both sarkinite.

## Distribution

As of 2012, sarkinite has been found in Austria, France, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

## Association

Sarkinite has been found in association with:
Harstigen mine, Sweden
* Barite, bementite, brandtite, calcite, lead
Sjö mine, Sweden
* Jacobsite, katoptrite, magnetite, tephroite
Ködnitz Valley, Austria
* Pyroxmangite, rhodochrosite, rhodonite, spessartine, tephroite, tiragalloite
Falotta mine, Switzerland
* Brandtite, braunite, grischunite, manganoan berzeliite, rhodochrosite, tilasite
Sterling Hill, New Jersey, US
* Adamite, allactite, barite, brandtite, copper, euchroite, eveite, kraisslite, manganese oxides, parabrandtite, rhodochrosite, serpierite, willemite
# Matthew Nolan

Matt Nolan is an English drummer and artist.
Matthew Nolan or Matt Nolan may refer to:
* Matthew Nolan (musician, born 1973), co-founder of 3epkano
* Matthew Nolan (musician, born 1999), member of Since September
* Matthew J.V. Nolan or Vincent Nolan, an Irish police officer
* Matt Nolan, a contestant on Grease: You're the One That I Want!
* Matthew Nolan, character in the British TV series Red Eye
* Matthew Nolan, comics artist, co-author of Let's Talk About It
# Magnetic damping

Magnetic damping is a form of damping that occurs when a magnetic field (i.e. a magnet) travels some distance through or past an electrical conductor (or vice versa).

## Definition

When a magnetic field moves through a conductor the movement induces an eddy current in the conductor. The flow of electrons in the conductor immediately creates an opposing magnetic field which results in damping of the magnet and produces heat inside the conductor similar to heat buildup inside of a power cord during use. The amount of energy transferred to the conductor in the form of heat is equal to the change in kinetic energy lost by the magnet – the greater the loss of kinetic energy of a magnet (a product of its mass and speed), the greater the heat buildup in the conductor and the more forceful the damping effect. Eddy currents induced in conductors are much stronger as temperatures approach cryogenic levels. This allows for critical damping for cryogenic applications and testing in the aerospace industry.

## Equation

The differential equation of motion of a magnet dropped vertically through or near a conductor, where "M" is the mass of the magnet, "K" is the damping coefficient, "v" is the velocity, "g" is gravity and "a" is the acceleration of the magnet:
    $Ma=Mg-Kv$
As gravitational pull increases, the magnet's acceleration as it falls will tend to increase, except to the extent that the damping coefficient the magnet is experiencing (as a result of the conductor) increases, combined with the extent that the velocity of the magnet also increases – a magnet moving or falling quickly will have its acceleration (i.e., its increase in speed as it falls) reduced more than one moving or falling more slowly, and this effect on acceleration will be even more pronounced if the damping coefficient of the conductor is high.

## Uses

* Compass needle damping
* Vehicle braking
* Roller coaster braking
* Elevator braking
* Speed-dependent torque (which, applied against a coil spring, makes a mechanical speedometer)
* Electricity meters
* Stabilization of mechanical gauges such as weighing scales, speedometers, and galvanometers
* Near critical damping at cryogenic temperatures
# USAS (application)

USAS is software suite for mainframe computers, mainly intended for use in the airline, transportation, and hospitality industries. It is made up of a series of diverse and relatively complex applications written for the Unisys 1100-series, 2200-series, and Clearpath IX environments.
All Nippon Airways became the first company to adopt the system in the late 1970s. Its name was originally an acronym for Univac Standard Airline Systems, but the product line is now referred to simply as "USAS". With advancements in computing, USAS is slowly being replaced in the airline industry with other software, with Unisys also developing AirCore to replace its USAS offering.

## Applications in the suite

USAS was mainly developed for use by airlines. Check-in, reservations, and cargo operations are therefore among its main components. The original USAS applications such as USAS*RES (Reservation System), USAS*CGO (Cargo Application) were written in the early 70s and have been adapted in different forms in varying degrees of customization.
Most (if not all) USAS applications are written as text-based online transaction systems which are designed for low overhead and fast response times. The environment most commonly used is HVTIP (Unisys' High-Volume Transaction Processing).

## Development

Older USAS applications such as USAS*RES (Reservations System) or USAS*FDC (Flight Data Control) were written originally in Fortran, but elements of various applications were also written in COBOL, Unisys 1100/2200 assembly language (ASM or MASM), and the LINC 4GL. Lufthansa plays a major role in developing the USAS suite.

## Current Users

* Unisys Cargo Hosting Services, Minneapolis :: Delta Cargo, Air Canada Cargo
* Air Iberia
* Travel Sky, China
* Amadeus
* NorthWest (cargo)
* Cathay Pacific
* Qantas Airways
* Air India
# Alex Stanaway

Alexander William Stanaway (14 July 1886 – 27 June 1972), also known as Ariki Haira, was a New Zealand rugby league player who represented New Zealand. His brother, Jack Stanaway, was also a professional rugby league footballer and international referee. While their younger brother Montrose (Monty) played for Otahuhu Rovers and City Rovers in the 1910s and died as a victim of the influenza epidemic in 1918.

## Playing career

Stanaway toured Australia in 1908 with the first New Zealand Māori rugby league team. He again toured Australia in 1909 with a New Zealand Māori side.
Also in 1909, Stanaway played for the new City Rovers club in the Auckland Rugby League competition and represented Auckland.
In 1910, the Great Britain Lions toured New Zealand. Stanaway played for Auckland against the Lions.
In 1911, Stanaway was selected to represent New Zealand in their tour of Australia. No test matches were played on the tour.
In 1912 Stanaway played for the Auckland side that lost to New Zealand 16-38.

## Later years

In 1916, Stanaway was called up to serve in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force.
He died on 27 June 1972.
# Charité Mumbongo

Charité Mumbongo (born 14 March 2002) is a Swedish handballer for ESBF Besançon and the Swedish national team.
She made her debut on the Swedish national team on 24 April 2022, against Turkey.
On 27 April 2022, it was announced that Mumbongo had signed a 2-year contract with Viborg HK.
She represented Sweden at the 2019 European Women's U-17 Handball Championship in Slovenia, placing as runner-up. She also participated in the 2021 Women's U-19 European Handball Championship.

## Achievements

* Youth European Championship:
** Silver Medalist: 2019
* Junior European Championship
** Best defense player: 2021
# Betty Nuovo

Betty A. Nuovo (December 20, 1931 – July 4, 2023) was an American attorney and Democratic politician. She was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from the Addison-1 District from 1981 to 1990 and from 1996 to 2017.
Nuovo’s involvement in state and local politics dated back to 1962, during the Kennedy administration. She and her husband, Victor, moved to Middlebury from New Brunswick, New Jersey, when Victor joined the faculty of Middlebury College’s Philosophy Department.
In Middlebury, Betty Nuovo joined the Addison County League of Women Voters. She was particularly interested in boosting women’s rights and ensuring equal pay in the workplace.
Her eventual positions included the Middlebury Democratic Committee, town selectboard, Addison County Regional Planning Commission, Middlebury charter committee, Middlebury Planning Commission, Addison County Chamber of Commerce board and Addison County Economic Development Corp. board.
Nuovo died on July 4, 2023, at the age of 91.
# Jacob Stumm

Jacob Stumm (26 August 1853 – 23 January 1921) was an Australian politician. He was a Ministerialist member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland for the seat of Gympie from 1896 to 1899 and a Commonwealth Liberal Party member of the Australian House of Representatives for Lilley from 1913 to 1917.

## Early life and career

Stumm was born in the Free City of Frankfurt, but was brought to his Australia by his parents at the age of 2 and raised in Toowoomba, Queensland, where he was educated at public schools. He moved to Gympie at the age of 15 and lived there for the rest of his life, with the exception of a few years at Maryborough. He worked as a Hansard reporter and worked as a journalist for The Gympie Times before purchasing the newspaper in partnership with A. G. Ramsey in 1880. Stumm subsequently took on the newspaper's editorship. He was also a member of the Ambulance Brigade Committee, Fire Brigade Board and Gympie Turf Club Committee and the School of Arts and Technical College Committee. Stumm used his newspaper to campaign against the sitting member for Gympie, Andrew Fisher (who later became Labor's second Prime Minister of Australia), accusing Fisher of being a dangerous revolutionary and an anti-Catholic.

## State and federal politics

Stumm ran against Fisher for his Gympie seat as in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland at the 1896 colonial election, contesting as a Ministerialist, and won. However, he retired from parliament in 1899 after only one term, citing a need to attend to his business interests and his frustration with "the growing tendency to make the Legislative Assembly a mere House of Talk".
Stumm returned to his business interests after his retirement from state politics. He was involved in the formation of the Wide Bay Dairy Co-Operative Ltd in 1906 and served on its board of directors, later serving several years as chairman. He also had significant interests in mining investments. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Wide Bay at the 1910 federal election.
In 1913, he was elected to the Australian House of Representatives as the Commonwealth Liberal Party member for the new seat of Lilley and was re-elected in 1914. Stumm encountered substantial prejudice during World War I as a consequence of his German birth, and he spoke out publicly in 1917 about the "humiliating treatment" he had received. He subsequently retired from parliament at the 1917 election, having had to be talked out of resigning and causing a by-election earlier that year.

## Later life

After his retirement he again returned to The Gympie Times, which he had continued to own throughout, though he had ceded the editorship to his brother, A. L. Stumm. Stumm died in 1921 in the Gympie Hospital after suffering a brain hemorrhage in The Gympie Times' office the previous day. He was buried in Gympie Cemetery.
He married Margaret Pride in 1878, and they had five sons and four daughters. His daughter Annie married future general and senator William Glasgow in 1904.
# Barzan Abd al-Ghafur Sulaiman Majid Al-Tikriti

Barzan Abd al-Ghafur Sulaiman Majid Al-Tikriti (Arabic: برزان عبد الغفور سليمان مجيد التكريتي) (born 1 July 1960 in Saladin Governorate) is an Iraqi ex-Republican Guard Commander under Saddam Hussein and member of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. He was the "Queen of Hearts" in the U.S. deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards during the Second Iraq War.
He was captured on 23 July 2003.
He was released from prison on 29 June 2020.
# Billy Midwinter

William Evans Midwinter (19 June 1851 – 3 December 1890) was a cricketer who played four Test matches for England, sandwiched between eight for Australia. He was the only cricketer to have played for Australia and England in Test matches against each other.

## Professional career

Midwinter made his Test debut in the first ever Test match in 1877, playing for Australia, where he had emigrated aged nine, against the country of his birth. He took five wickets in the first innings against England in Melbourne.
Midwinter played in the 2nd test of the 1876–1877 Series on 31 March 1877. Australia won the toss and elected to bat. He played at No: 6 and came out when Australia were 60 for 4 to join debut man Thomas Kelly. He batted with two other Test debutants, Frederick Spofforth and Billy Murdoch, scored a personal best 31 and became the third batsman with 53 runs in a Test career.
Later that year Midwinter returned to England, playing for WG Grace's Gloucestershire County Cricket Club. He was included in the Australian team to tour England in 1878, and played some matches for them, before, about to take the field at Lord's he was virtually kidnapped by Grace, who took him to the Oval to play for Gloucestershire in their game against Surrey. He did not return to the tour, instead remaining with Gloucestershire until the 1882 season.
Midwinter was selected to tour with the England team visiting Australia in 1881/2, playing four Tests, then in 1882/3 returned to Australia, joining Victoria. He was selected for Australia to play the one-off Test after England had won the first Ashes series in 1883/4, and then for the Australian tour of England in 1884. This makes him the only man to play Test cricket for one international side, then another, and then return to his original international team.
By 1889, Midwinter's wife and two of his children had died, his businesses failed or failing. He became hopelessly insane and confined to Bendigo Hospital in 1890, before transferring to the Kew Asylum, where he died later that year. His body is buried in the Melbourne General Cemetery.