# Coins of the Indian rupee

Coins of the Indian rupee (₹) were first minted in 1950. New coins have been produced annually since then and they make up a valuable aspect of the Indian currency system. Today, circulating coins exist in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 rupees. All of these are produced by four mints located across India, in Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Noida.

## History

After Indian independence in 1947, British Indian coins were in use as a frozen currency until the dominion of India became a republic in 1950. The first rupee coins of the Republic of India were minted in 1950. These included ₹1/2, ₹1/4, 2 anna, 1 anna, 1/2 anna & 1 pice coins, and are referred to as the anna series or pre-decimal coinage. Under the anna series, one rupee was divided into 16 annas or 64 pice, with each anna equal to 4 pice.
In 1957, India shifted to the decimal system, though for a short period of time, both decimal and non-decimal coins were in circulation. To distinguish between the two versions of pice coins in circulation (pre-decimal and decimal), the coins minted between 1957 and 1964 were printed with the legend “Naya Paisa” (“New Paisa”). The denominations in circulation were 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50 (naya) paisa and one rupee. Since rupees retained their pre-decimal value, pre-decimal coins of one, half and quarter rupees remained in circulation after decimalisation. With effect from 30 September 1968, all anna coins and British Indian (pre-decimalisation) rupee coins minted in quaternary alloy (1/2 silver composition) were officially demonetised, though pre-decimalisation rupee coins minted in pure nickel, including British Indian issues from June 1946 onwards, continued to be legal tender.
The word "naya" was dropped in 1964 and a new denomination, the 3 paisa, was introduced into circulation. A 20 paisa coin was minted in 1968. Neither of these coins gained much popularity. The 1, 2 and 3 paisa coins were phased out gradually in the 1970s. In 1982, a new 2 rupee coin was introduced experimentally to replace 2 rupee notes. The 2 rupee coin was not minted again till 1990, after which it was minted every following year.
Stainless steel coinage of 10, 25 and 50 paisa was introduced in 1988. In 1992, a new stainless steel rupee coin, smaller and lighter than the older rupee, was minted, alongside a 5 rupee Cupronickel coin.
In 2005, the 10 rupee coin was minted for the first time. Higher denomination coins were introduced due to an increasing demand for change and the increasing cost of printing ₹2, ₹5 and ₹10 banknotes.
On 30 June 2011, all coins in denominations of 25 paisa and below were officially demonetised.
Commemorative coins in circulation can be found in various denominations. They depict various special events or people, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, Rajiv Gandhi, Dnyaneshwar, the 1982 Asian Games, Vallabhbhai Patel, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sri Aurobindo, Chittaranjan Das, the 2010 Commonwealth Games, Shivaji, Bhagat Singh, Rabindranath Tagore, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Bal Gangadhar Tilak etc.

## Coin series: 1947–1957 (pre-decimalization)
### Union of India 1947–1950

At Independence on 15 August 1947, India was partitioned into the new Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan. The new Dominion (or Union) of India retained the previous imperial currency with the portrait of King George VI. The basic unit of currency was the Indian rupee, which was itself divided into annas (16 annas to a rupee) and pice (the old spelling of paisa – 64 pice to a rupee). The lowest-denomination Indian coins, the half-pice (128 to a rupee) and the pie (192 to a rupee) were officially demonetized in 1947; while both denominations had continued to circulate up to that time, new examples were not minted after 1942 as they were practically worthless (India remained a member of the sterling area after independence and the rupee remained pegged to the pound sterling. Until 1966, the rupee was worth 1s.6d, or 18 old British pence; a half-pice was therefore worth 0.141 old pence and a pie 0.09 old pence.)
From 15 August 1947 until 26 January 1950, the Indian coinage structure was as follows:
| ₹ and its fractions | Annas | Pice | Pies (demonetized after 1947) |
| ₹ | 16 annas | 64 pice | 192 pies |
| Half ₹ | 8 annas | 32 pice | 96 pies |
| Quarter ₹ | 4 annas | 16 pice | 48 pies |
| 1/8 ₹ | 2 annas | 8 pice | 24 pies |
| 1/16 ₹ | 1 anna | 4 pice | 12 pies |
| 1/32 ₹ | Half anna | 2 pice | 6 pies |
| 1/64 ₹ | 1/4 anna | 1 pice | 3 pies |
(bold - denominations minted by the Government of India)
This represented the currency arrangements during the transition period up to the establishment of the Republic of India.
The British India coins which were mostly in circulation from 1947 to 1950 until the first Republic of India (Pre-decimalization Series) coins were introduced as follows:
George VI series (in circulation in India 1947 - 1950) :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| One Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 28 mm | 1947 |
| Half Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 24 mm | 1946 - 1947 |
| Quarter Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 19 mm | 1946 - 1947 |
| 2 Annas | | | Singlemetallic | Copper - Nickel | Square | 25 mm | 1946 - 1947 |
| 1 Anna | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel - Brass | 12 Scalloped | 21 mm | 1945 |
| 1 Anna | | | Singlemetallic | Copper - Nickel | 12 Scalloped | 21.1 mm | 1946 - 1947 |
| 1/2 Anna | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel - Brass | Square | 19.8 mm | 1942 - 1945 |
| 1/2 Anna | | | Singlemetallic | Copper - Nickel | Square | 19.7 mm | 1946 - 1947 |
| 1 Pice | | | Singlemetallic | Bronze | Circular with a hole | 21.32 mm | 1943 - 1947 |

### Republic of India 1950-1957

On 26 January 1950, India became an independent republic in the Commonwealth of Nations. This series was introduced on 15 August 1950 and represented the first coinage of Republic of India. The British King's portrait was replaced by the Lion Capital of the Ashoka Pillar. A corn sheaf replaced the Tiger on the one rupee coin. In some ways this symbolised a shift in focus to progress and prosperity. Indian motifs were incorporated on other coins. The previous monetary system and the old units of currency were retained unchanged.
Republic of India Pre-decimalization series (1950 - 1957) :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| One Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 27.9 mm | 1950 - 1954 |
| Half Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 24 mm | 1950 - 1956 |
| Quarter Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 19 mm | 1950 - 1956 |
| Two Annas | | | Singlemetallic | Cupro-Nickel | Square | 25.4 mm | 1950 - 1955 |
| One Anna | | | Singlemetallic | Cupro-Nickel | 12 Scalloped | 21 mm | 1950 - 1954 |
| Half Anna | | | Singlemetallic | Cupro-Nickel | Square | 19.5 mm | 1950 - 1955 |
| One Pice | | | Singlemetallic | Bronze | Circular | 21 mm | 1950 - 1955 |

### Decimalization

The move towards decimalization was afoot for over a century. However, it was in September, 1955 that the Indian Coinage Act was amended for the country to adopt a metric system for coinage. The Act came into force with effect from 1 April 1957, after which anna and pice denominations were demonetised.
The rupee remained unchanged in value and nomenclature. It, however, was now divided into 100 'paisa' instead of 16 annas or 64 pice. Effective from 30 June 2011, all coins in denominations of 25 paisa and below were officially demonetized.
| Pre-decimal currency (1950-1957; minting ceased in 1955) | Decimal currency replacement (1957–present) | Decimal currency (dates minted) |
| N/A | 20 rupees | 2019–present |
| N/A | 10 rupees | 2005–present |
| N/A | 5 rupees | 1992–present |
| N/A | 2 rupees | 1982–present |
| Rupee | 1 rupee (divided into 100 new paise 1957–1964; divided into 100 paisa 1964–present). | 1962–present |
| Half rupee | 50 paise | 1957–2016 |
| Quarter rupee | 25 paise | 1957-2002. Demonetized from 2011. |
| N/A | 20 paise | 1968-1994. Demonetized from 2011. |
| 2 annas | 10 paise | 1957-1998. Demonetized from 2011. |
| Anna | 5 paise | 1957-1994. Demonetized from 2011. |
| Half anna | 3 paise | 1964-1972; proofs minted until 1981. Demonetized from 2011. |
| Pice | 2 paise | 1957-1979; proofs minted until 1981. Demonetized from 2011. |
| N/A | 1 paisa | 1957-1972; proofs minted until 1981. Demonetized from 2011, but retained as a unit of currency. |

## Coin series 1957–present (decimal)
### Naya Paisa series 1957–1963

The antiquated spelling of "pice" was modified to "paisa" in the singular and "paise" in the plural. For public recognition, the new decimal paisa was termed 'Naya Paisa' (New Paisa) till 1 June 1964 when the term 'Naya' was dropped. The coins of 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 25p, and 50p had a legend in Devanagari script explaining the value of coin in terms of fraction of a rupee.
Naya Paisa Series (1957–1963) :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| One rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 28 mm | 1962 - 1974 |
| 50 naye paise | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 24 mm | 1957 - 1963 |
| 25 naye paise | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 18.7 mm | 1957 - 1963 |
| 10 naye paise | | | Singlemetallic | Cupro-Nickel | Eight Scalloped | 23 mm (across scallops) | 1957 - 1963 |
| 5 naye paise | | | Singlemetallic | Cupro-Nickel | Square | 22 mm (across corners) | 1957 - 1963 |
| 2 naye paise | | | Singlemetallic | Cupro-Nickel | Eight Scalloped | 18 mm (across scallops) | 1957 - 1963 |
| 1 naya paisa | | | Singlemetallic | Bronze | Circular | 16 mm | 1957 - 1962 |
| 1 naya paisa | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel Brass | Circular | 16 mm | 1962 - 1963 |

### Paisa Series I with Devanagari Legend 1964 onwards

In June 1964, the term 'Naya' was dropped and the coins were as follows reminted. The legend in Devanagari script explaining the value of coin in terms of fraction of a rupee continued till it was finally dropped from the new design minted 1964 onwards.
Paisa Series I with Devanagari Legend (1964–1980s) :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| 50p | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 24 mm | 1964 - 1971 |
| 25p | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel | Circular | 19 mm | 1964 - 1972 |
| 10p | | | Singlemetallic | Copper Nickel | 8 Scalloped | 23 mm | 1964 - 1967 |
| 10p | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel Brass | 8 Scalloped | 23 mm | 1968 - 1971 |
| 5p | | | Singlemetallic | Copper Nickel | Square | 22 mm | 1964 - 1966 |
| 5p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | Square | 22 mm | 1967 - 1971 |
| 2p | | | Singlemetallic | Copper Nickel | 8 Scalloped | 18 mm | 1964 |
| 1p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | Square | 16 mm | 1964 |

### Series II without the Devanagari Legend (1965–1983)

The coin minted from 1965 did not have the legend in Devanagari, explaining the value of the coin as a fraction of the rupee. Small-denomination coins which were formerly made of bronze, nickel-brass, cupro-nickel and aluminium-bronze were gradually minted in aluminium. The first coin minted in such type was the 3 paisa coin in 1964, which was a new denomination, and continued to be minted till 1971. One and Two paisa coins were changed to aluminium and were minted without the Devanagari legend from 1965. 20 paisa coin was introduced in 1968, which continued to be minted till 1971.
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| 50p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | | | |
| 25p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | | | |
| 20p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | | | |
| 10p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | | | |
| 5p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | | | |
| 3p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | Hexagonal | 21 mm | 1964 - 1971 |
| 2p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | | | |
| 1p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | | | |

### Series III 1982 Onwards

From 1982, New series was launched. the 20 paisa coin which was last minted in 1971, was reintroduced again, but in Aluminium. The size and the design of 10 paisa, 50 paisa and 1 rupee was changed, though they continued to be minted in the same metal. Coins of 3p, 2p and 1p were discontinued but continued to be the legal tender.
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| ₹1 | | | Singlemetallic | Copper-Nickel | Circular | 26 mm | 1983 - 1991 |
| 50p | | | Singlemetallic | Copper-Nickel | Circular | 24 mm | 1984 - 1990 |
| 20p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | Hexagonal | 26 mm | 1982 - 1997 |
| 10p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | 8 Scalloped | 23 mm | 1983 - 1993 |
| 5p | | | Singlemetallic | Aluminium | Square | 22 mm | 1984 - 1994 |

### Series IV 1988 Onwards

In Series IV, 5 paisa and 20 paisa coins were discontinued though they continued to be minted in Series III till 1994 and 1997 respectively. 10 paisa, 25 paisa and 50 paisa coins were minted in Stainless Steel. 1992 onwards, ₹1 coin was also minted in Steel and ₹2 and ₹5 coins in Copper Nickel were introduced. The very considerable costs of managing note issues of ₹1, ₹2, and ₹5 led to the gradual coinage of these denominations. These coins continued to be minted till 2004, when the Unity in diversity series was launched.
Cupro-Nickel coins are not minted anymore. Ferritic Stainless Steel coins of two and five rupee denominations are currently in production.
1988 Stainless steel series :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| ₹5 Five Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Copper-Nickel | Circular | 23 mm | 1992-2004 |
| ₹2 Two Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Copper-Nickel | Hendecagonal | 26 mm | 1992-2004 |
| ₹1 One Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 25 mm | 1992-2004 |
| 50p Fifty paise | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 22 mm | 1988-2007 |
| 25p Twenty-five paise | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 19 mm | 1988-2002 |
| 10p Ten paise | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 16 mm | 1988-1998 |

### 2004 Unity in Diversity Series

In 2004, RBI issued a series in denominations of 1 rupee, followed by 2 rupee and 10 rupee in 2005. These issues however came into circulation in 2006, and created a controversy over their design. 10 rupee coins were the first bimetallic coins issued in India, and because of the controversy (see below) and being minted in only one mint, most of the coinage never found its way into circulation. The ones which did were hoarded by Coin collectors and Coin hoarders.
2004 Unity in diversity Series :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| ₹10 Ten rupees | | | Bimetallic | Center: Copper-Nickel Ring: Aluminium-Bronze | Circular | 27 mm | 2005-2007 |
| ₹5 Five Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 23 mm | 2007 |
| ₹2 Two Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 26.75 mm | 2005-2007 |
| ₹1 One Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 25 mm | 2004 - 2006 |

### 2007 Hasta Mudra Series

In 2007 RBI issued a new series of Coins, The Hasta Mudra Series, in coins of 50 paisa, 1 rupee and 2 rupee denominations. These coins are stainless steel and feature various Hasta Mudras (hand gestures in Indian Classical dance). The 5 rupee piece that features waves in its design was also issued in 2007, along with a new 10 rupee coin. However, the design of the 10 rupee piece changed in 2008. The 5 rupee coin design was again reverted to the previous design, though it was issued in Nickel-brass instead of Copper-nickel. However, these 5 rupee and 10 rupee coins were not the part of the Hasta Mudra series.
2007 Hasta Mudra Series :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| ₹2 Two Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 27 mm | 2007-2011 |
| ₹1 One Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 25 mm | 2007-2011 |
| 50p Fifty paise | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 22 mm | 2008-2010 |

### 2007 Common Circulation Series

The 5 rupee and 10 rupee coins were issued for common circulation in 2007, 2008, 2009 with changed designs and continued to be minted until the introduction of the Rupee Symbol series in 2011.
2007 Common Circulation Series :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| ₹10 Ten rupees | | | Bimetallic | Center: Copper-Nickel Ring: Aluminium-Bronze | Circular | 27 mm | 2008 - 2010 |
| ₹5 Five Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 23 mm | 2007 - 2008 |
| ₹5 Five Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel-brass | Circular | 23 mm | 2009 - 2010 |

### 2011 Series with the Rupee Symbol (₹)

In 2011, RBI issued a series in denominations of 50 paise, ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, and ₹10. The 50p, ₹1, ₹2, and ₹5 designs are identical except the absence of the rupee symbol in 50p coin. The ₹10 coin continued to be issued in bimetallic issues as previously.
2011 Rupee Symbol Series :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| ₹10 Ten rupees | | | Bimetallic | Center: Copper-Nickel Ring: Aluminium-Bronze | Circular | 27 mm | 2011 - 2019 |
| ₹5 Five Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel-brass | Circular | 23 mm | 2011 - 2019 |
| ₹2 Two Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 25 mm | 2011 - 2019 |
| ₹1 One Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 21.93 mm | 2011 - 2019 |
| 50p Fifty paise | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 19 mm | 2011 - 2016 |

### 2019 Grain Series

The Ministry of Finance has issued a notification on March 6 announcing the launch of 5 new coins in the country, namely the new ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, ₹10 and ₹20. The new series of coins are accessible to those with visual impairments and have an enhanced design. The coins were launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Finance Minister Arun Jaitley. The design of the coins were prepared by the National Institute of Design while Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited and the Ministry of Finance played the key role in the introduction of new coins in the country.
Various new features have been incorporated in the new series of circulation coins to make them more easy for the visually impaired people to use. The coins are characterized by increasing size and weight from lower to higher denominations from ₹1 to ₹20. All of the denominations would be of round shape, except the newly included coin of ₹20, which will be a 12 sided coin with no serrations.
2019 Grain Series :
| Denomination | Image | Image | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| Denomination | Obverse | Reverse | Single/ Bi-metallic | Metal | Shape | Diameter | Minted in Year |
| ₹20 Twenty Rupees | | | Bimetallic | Center: Nickel-brass Ring: Nickel silver | Dodecagonal | 27 mm | 2019 |
| ₹10 Ten Rupees | | | Bimetallic | Center: Copper-Nickel Ring: Aluminium-Bronze | Circular | 27 mm | 2019 |
| ₹5 Five Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Nickel-brass | Circular | 25 mm | 2019 |
| ₹2 Two Rupees | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 23 mm | 2019 |
| ₹1 One Rupee | | | Singlemetallic | Stainless steel | Circular | 20 mm | 2019 |

## Mints

Each currency coin minted in India (and anywhere in the world) has a special mint mark on it to identify the mint.

### Domestic Mint Marks

List of Indian Mints :
| Mint | Year of Establishment | Mint Mark | Note |
| Kolkata Mint | 1757 | no mint mark beneath the date of the coin | |
| Hyderabad Mint | 1803 | ★ beneath the date of the coin | also split diamond or a dot in diamond on some coins |
| Mumbai Mint | 1829 | ◆ beneath the date of the coin | "B" or "M" in proof sets. |
| Noida Mint | 1988 | ● beneath the date of the coin | |

### Foreign Mint Marks

Due to the increasing demand for the circulation of coins, the Indian government was forced to mint coins in foreign countries at various points in the country's history.
List of coins minted in foreign mint :
| Mint | Country | Year | Coin | Mint Mark |
| Birmingham Mint | United Kingdom | 1985 | ₹1.00 | 'H' below last digit of the year |
| Royal Mint | United Kingdom | 1985 | ₹1.00 | '◆' below first digit of the year |
| Taegu Mint | South Korea | 1985 | ₹0.50 | '★' below first digit of the year |
| Royal Canadian Mint | Canada | 1985 | ₹0.25 | 'C' below mid of the year |
| Royal Canadian Mint | Canada | 1988 | ₹0.10, ₹0.25, ₹0.50 | 'C' below mid of the year |
| Mexican Mint | Mexico | 1997 | ₹1.00 | below mid of the year |
| Seoul Mint | South Korea | 1997 1998 | ₹2.00 | '★' below last digit of the year |
| Kremnica Mint | Slovakia | 1998 1999 2000 2001 | ₹1.00 | below mid of the year |
| Pretoria Mint | South Africa | 1998 | ₹2.00 | (M) below mid of the year (oval shape) |
| Tower Mint | United Kingdom | 1999 | ₹2.00 | '⊔' below mid of the year |
| Moscow Mint | Russia | 2000 | ₹2.00 | 'MMD' below mid of the year |
| Moscow Mint | Russia | 1999 2000 | ₹5.00 | 'MMD' below mid of the year |

## Commemorative coins

The first Indian commemorative coin was issued in 1964 in remembrance of Jawaharlal Nehru's birth anniversary. Since then, numerous coins from 5 paise (INR 0.05) to ₹1000 (INR 1000.00) have been issued. These coins based on birth or death centenary of famous personalities or on recently dead, commemoration of special government programs or sport events, anniversaries of historical incidents, government organisation etc.

### List of Commemorative Coins

| Commemorative | Year | 5p | 10p | 20p | 25p | 50p | ₹1 | ₹2 | ₹5 | ₹10 | ₹20 | ₹25 | ₹50 | ₹60 | ₹75 | ₹100 | ₹125 | ₹150 | ₹200 | ₹500 | ₹1000 |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | 1964 | | | | | KM | KM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mahatma Gandhi | 1969 | | | KHM | | KM | KM | | | KM | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Food For All | 1970 | | | KM | | | | | | KM | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Food For All | 1971 | | | KM | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 25 Years of Independence | 1972 | | | | | KM | | | | KM | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Grow More Food | 1973 | | | | | KM | | | | M | M | | | | | | | | | | |
| Planned Families, Food For All | 1974 | | KHM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Women's Year | 1975 | | KHM | | | | | | | M | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| Food & Work For All | 1976 | KHM | KM | | | | | | | M | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| Save For Development | 1977 | KHM | KM | | | | | | | M | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| Food & Shelter For All | 1978 | KHM | KHM | | | | | | | M | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| International Year of the Child (P) | 1978 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| International Year of the Child | 1979 | KHM | KHM | | | | | | | M | | | M | | | M | | | | | |
| Rural Women's Advancement | 1980 | | KHM | | KHM | | | | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| World Food Day | 1981 | | KM | | KHM | | | | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| IX Asian Games | 1982 | | KHM | | KHM | | | KM | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| World Food Day | 1982 | | KHM | KH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| National Integration | 1982 | | | | | KM | | KM | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Fisheries | 1983 | | | KH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Forestry For Development | 1985 | | | | KHM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Reserve Bank of India | 1985 | | | | | KHM | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indira Gandhi | 1985 | | | | | KHM | | | HM | | M | | | | | | | | | | |
| International Youth Year | 1985 | | | | | | KHM | | | K | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Fisheries | 1986 | | | | | KHM | | | | | M | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Small Farmer | 1987 | | | | | | KHM | | | | M | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Rainfed Farming | 1988 | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | 1989 | | | | | | KHM | | HM | | M | | | | | M | | | | | |
| World Food Day | 1989 | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B. R. Ambedkar | 1990 | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Integrated Child Development Services | 1990 | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SAARC Year - Girl Child | 1990 | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Food For the Future | 1990 | | | | | | KH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rajiv Gandhi | 1991 | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commonwealth Parliamentary Association | 1991 | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tourism Year | 1991 | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Food & Nutrition | 1992 | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Land Vital Resource | 1992 | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Quit India Movement | 1993 | | | | | | KHM | | | M | | | M | | | M | | | | | |
| Inter Parliamentary Union | 1993 | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Small Family Happy Family | 1993 | | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bio Diversity | 1993 | | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| International Year of the Family | 1994 | | | | | | MN | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Water For Life | 1994 | | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| International Labour Organization | 1994 | | | | | | | | HMN | | | | M | | | M | | | | | |
| World Tamil Conference, Thiruvalluvar | 1995 | | | | | | KHMN | M | MN | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Globalizing Indian Agriculture | 1995 | | | | | | | KM | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| United Nations | 1995 | | | | | | | | MN | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Food and Agriculture Organization | 1995 | | | | | | | | HMN | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Vallabhbhai Patel | 1996 | | | | | | | KHMN | | M | | | M | | | M | | | | | |
| Mother's Health is Child's Health | 1996 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| International Crop Science | 1996 | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Subhash Chandra Bose | 1996 | | | | | | | KN | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Subhash Chandra Bose | 1997 | | | | | | | KHMN | | M | | | M | | | M | | | | | |
| 50 Years of Independence | 1997 | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| Cellular Jail | 1997 | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sri Aurobindo | 1998 | | | | | | | KMN | | M | | | M | | | M | | | | | |
| Chittaranjan Das | 1998 | | | | | | | KHN | | | | | K | | | | | | | | |
| Dnyaneshwar | 1999 | | | | | | KMN | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Shivaji | 1999 | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | M | | | M | | | | | |
| Supreme Court of India | 2000 | | | | | | | KMN | | | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| Syama Prasad Mookerjee | 2001 | | | | | | | KHN | | K | | | M | | | K | | | | | |
| Bhagwan Mahavir Janma Kalyanak | 2001 | | | | | | | | MN | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Jayaprakash Narayan | 2002 | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tukaram | 2002 | | | | | | | KHMN | | K | | | M | | | M | | | | | |
| Maharana Pratap | 2003 | | | | | | HM | | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Durgadas | 2003 | | | | | | HM | | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Indian Railway | 2003 | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Dadabhai Naoroji | 2003 | | | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| K. Kamaraj | 2004 | | | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| India Post | 2004 | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Telecommunication | 2004 | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Lal Bahadur Shastri (CuNi) | 2004 | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Lal Bahadur Shastri (SS) | 2004 | | | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dandi March (CuNi) | 2005 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Dandi March (SS) | 2005 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Basaveshwara (CuNi) | 2006 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Basaveshwara (SS) | 2006 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (CuNi) | 2006 | | | | | | | | K | | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (SS) | 2006 | | | | | | | | KH | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Narayana Guru (CuNi) | 2006 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Narayana Guru (SS) | 2006 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| State Bank of India (CuNi) | 2006 | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| State Bank of India (SS) | 2006 | | | | | | | | KH | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indian Air Force | 2007 | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Bal Gangadhar Tilak (CuNi) | 2007 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Bal Gangadhar Tilak (SS) | 2007 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| First War of Independence | 2007 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Khadi & Village Industries (CuNi) | 2007 | | | | | | | | M | | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| Khadi & Village Industries (SS) | 2007 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bhagat Singh | 2007 | | | | | | | | KH | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Guru Granth Sahib | 2008 | | | | | | | | | HM | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Saint Alphonsa | 2009 | | | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Louis Braille | 2009 | | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| C. N. Annadurai | 2009 | | | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| 60 Years of Commonwealth | 2009 | | | | | | | | KHM | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Rajendra Prasad | 2009 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Homi J. Bhabha | 2009 | | | | | | | | | MN | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Reserve Bank of India | 2010 | | | | | | HM | KHM | HM | HMN | | | | | KMHN | | | | | | |
| XIX Commonwealth Games | 2010 | | | | | | | KHN | KHMN | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| C. Subramaniam | 2010 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | HM | | | | | |
| Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur | 2010 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | | | | M |
| Mother Teresa | 2010 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Comptroller & Auditor General | 2010 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | K | | | |
| Income Tax - Chanakya | 2011 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | K | | | |
| Civil Aviation | 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | H | | | | | |
| Civil Aviation | 2011 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Rabindranath Tagore | 2011 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | K | | | |
| Indian Council of Medical Research | 2011 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | HM | | | | | |
| Madan Mohan Malviya | 2011 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | M | | | |
| Parliament of India | 2012 | | | | | | | | M | MN | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Vaishno Devi Temple | 2012 | | | | | | | | HMN | HMN | | M | | | | | | | | | |
| Kolkata Mint | 2012 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | K | | | | | | | |
| Motilal Nehru | 2012 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | M | | | |
| Kuka Movement | 2013 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Swami Vivekananda | 2013 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | K | | | |
| Coir Board | 2013 | | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | M | | | | | | | |
| Tulsidas | 2014 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | M | | | | | | | | | | |
| Abul Kalam Azad | 2014 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | K | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jawaharlal Nehru | 2014 | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | K | | | | |
| Komagata Maru Incident | 2014 | | | | | | | | HMN | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Jamshetji Tata | 2015 | | | | | | | | KM | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Begum Akhtar | 2015 | | | | | | | | KM | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Rani Gaidinliu | 2015 | | | | | | | | KH | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1965 Operation | 2015 | | | | | | | | M | | | | M | | | | | | | | |
| Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited | 2015 | | | | | | | | KHM | | | | K | | | | | | | | |
| Biju Patnaik | 2015 | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| B. R. Ambedkar | 2015 | | | | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | K | | | | |
| Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | 2015 | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | K | | | | |
| 3rd Indo-Africa Forum | 2015 | | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | | | K | |
| Maharana Pratap | 2015 | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Swami Chinmayananda | 2015 | | | | | | | | | KM | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| Mahatma Gandhi's Return From South Africa | 2015 | | | | | | | | | KHMN | | | | | | | | | | | |
| International Yoga Day | 2015 | | | | | | | | | MN | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nabakalebara Rath Yatra | 2015 | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | M |
| Allahabad High Court | 2016 | | | | | | | | HM | | | | | | | | | M | | | |
| University of Mysore | 2016 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Lala Lajpat Rai | 2016 | | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Tantya Tope | 2016 | | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | | | K | | |
| Banaras Hindu University | 2016 | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| National Archives of India | 2016 | | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | K | | | | |
| Deendayal Upadhyaya | 2016 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Biju Patnaik | 2016 | | | | | | | | KH | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Chaitanya Mahaprabhu | 2016 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | M | |
| Shrimad Rajchandra | 2017 | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | M | | | |
| M. S. Subbulakshmi | 2017 | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| P. C. Mahalanobis | 2018 | | | | | | | | K | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| 75 Years of Tricolour | 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| Paika Rebellion | 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | M | | |
| Jallianwala Bagh Massacre | 2019 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | K | | | | | |
| M. G. Ramachandran | 2019 | | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | M | | | | | |
| 75 Years of Independence | 2022 | | | | | | | M | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi | 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | H | | | | | |
Note: Bold Marks are Silver Coins, Mint index: K = Kolkata (no mark), H = Hyderabad (⋆), M = Mumbai (◆ or B), Noida = (●).

## Controversy
### Controversy over 2006 two-rupee coin

The two-rupee coin issued from 2006 by the Reserve Bank, in stark contrast to the earlier coin, is rounded and simpler in design, without the map of India. The coin has already been criticized for being difficult to recognize by the visually impaired.
Most controversially, it features an equal-armed cross with the beams divided into two rays and with dots between adjacent beams. According to RBI, this design represents "four heads sharing a common body" under a new "unity in diversity" theme.
However, people have charged that the symbol is a Christian cross resembling the symbol on the deniers issued by Louis the Pious.