OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# J. Warren Young

J. Warren Young was an American politician from Arizona. He served a single term in the Arizona State Senate during the 4th Arizona State Legislature.

## Biography

Young was born in 1868. By 1897 he was residing in Globe, where he was partner with his brother in the Silver Palace Saloon. In 1898 he began a brickyard with a partner in Globe. In 1898 his brother, A. R. Young, sold him the Silver Palace Saloon. In 1898 one his mining claims, the Wedge, struck a rich vein of gold. Over the next several years, Young built several commercial properties in Globe, including a hotel and a rooming house.
In 1899 he sold the Silver Palace Saloon to J. J. Keegan. In June 1899 he returned to Illinois and married Lillian S. Kearney. The couple had three children, two sons and a daughter, Vernon, Royal, and Martha. In November 1899 he, along with two other partners, incorporated another of his mining interests as the Eureka Copper Company. The mine proved quite lucrative.
In 1900 he built a house in Globe. In June 1904, Young sold his home in Globe, although keeping his commercial interests, and moved to Chihuahua, where he pursued mining interests. In 1908, Young and his partners sold the Eureka Mine for $300,000. After that sale, although still residing in Chihuahua, Young purchased a prime lot on Broad Street in Globe for $20,000. By 1913 Young had moved back to Globe. After his return to Globe, he continued to pursue his mining interests.
In 1918, Young, who was Gila County Chairman for the Democrats, ran for one of the two seats from Gila County in the Arizona State Senate. With incumbent W. D. Claypool, he was elected to Senate in the 4th Arizona State Legislature. Young ran for re-election to the Senate in 1920, however he lost to Frank McCann in the Democrat's primary. Young died suddenly of a heart condition on New Year's Day 1933 at his home in Globe, Arizona.
# White Cloud

White Cloud may refer to:

## People

* Buck Jones (American football), also called "White Cloud", a Seneca Native American football player active in 1922
* Chief Mahaska (1784–1843), or Mewhushekaw, also known as White Cloud I, Iowa chief
* Wabanquot (Chippewa chief) (translated as "White Cloud"), an Ojibwa chief
* Wabokieshiek (translated as "White Cloud"), 19th-century Ho-Chunk chief from Illinois
* James White Cloud (1840–1940), also known as Chief White Cloud, Iowa chief from Kansas
* Francis White Cloud, also called White Cloud II, principal chief of the Iowa who traveled to England and France in 1844–5, son of Mahaska
* Zach Whitecloud (born 1996), a Canadian ice hockey player

## Place names

In the United States:
* White Cloud, California, in Nevada County
* White Cloud, Indiana, in Harrison County
* White Cloud, Kansas, in Doniphan County
* White Cloud, Michigan, in Newaygo County
* White Cloud, Missouri, an unincorporated community in Hickory County
* Whitecloud, Nodaway County, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* White Cloud Creek (One Hundred and Two River tributary), stream in the U.S. state of Missouri
* White Cloud Township (disambiguation), two different places

## Other uses

* Mahpiya Ska, a sacred albino female White Buffalo living in Jamestown, North Dakota
* White Cloud Mountain minnow, a type of fish commonly kept in cold-water aquariums
* White Cloud Naval Ocean Surveillance System, a spaceborne military system launched in 1986 and 1987 which was used primarily by the US Navy
* White Cloud Tradition of Buddhism in China, founded by the Northern Song preacher Qingjue 清覺 (1043-1121), widespread since Yuan (1279-1368), criticized for being used as a tax evasion device by the powerful families of the time.
* White Cloud, a Gaff rigged Yawl built, in the style of a Falmouth Quay Punt, in 1912 by Gann & Palmer in Teignmouth, Devon, UK.
* White Cloud toilet paper
* White Cloud, a record label founded by Jon Mark
# Ror (disambiguation)

The Ror is a caste found mainly in northern India.
Ror, ROR or RoR may also refer to:

## People

* Dalel Singh Ror, Indian volleyball player
* Ror Wolf (born 1932), German writer and artist

## Places

* ROR, the IATA code for Palau International Airport
* Ror River, tributary of the Târnava Mică River in Romania

## Business

* Rate of return, profit on an investment over a period of time
* Ripoff Report, a consumer advocacy website
* Run of River Power, a Canadian hydro power company

## Organizations

* Reach Out and Read, an American non-profit organization
* Reaching Out Romania, a Romanian non-governmental charitable organization
* Regiment Oranjerivier, an armoured regiment of the South African Army
* Research-on-Research Committee, a nonprofit association
* Research Organization Registry, a database of research organizations
* Retraining of Racehorses, an animal welfare organization in the United Kingdom
* Rhythms of Resistance, a network of political percussion bands

## Science and technology
### Biology and chemistry

* R-O-R, general formula for ethers, a class of organic compounds
* ROR, abbreviation for RAR-related orphan receptor, a family of nuclear receptors in molecular biology
* ROR, abbreviation for receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptors, a family of cell surface receptors
* ROR, abbreviation for risk of recurrence

### Computing

* Resources of a Resource, an XML format for describing common website objects to search engines
* Rigs of Rods, a multi-simulation game which uses soft-body physics
* ROtate Right, a common circular shift instruction in assembly language
* Ruby on Rails, a server side web application framework

## Other uses

* Review of Religions, a comparative religious magazine in print since 1902
* Rochester railway station, Victoria, Australia
* RoR, common police shorthand for Released on own Recognizance
* RoR, common abbreviation for manga series Record of Ragnarok
* RoR, common abbreviation for The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan
* Rule of Rose, a 2006 Japanese video game
* Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
* Risk of Rain, a 2013 video game
# True lover's knot (moth)

The true lover's knot (Lycophotia porphyrea) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is found in the west Palearctic in a wide band through northern, central and eastern Europe and Russia (up to the Ural Mountains). In the south it is spread through northern Spain and northern Portugal, northern Italy, Macedonia, Bulgaria, and northern Greece. In Europe it is found wherever its food plants grow. It is traditionally thought of as a species typical of heathland and moorland but it can often be found in places where heather and its relatives are in garden cultivation, or sunny slopes and forest edges. In the mountains it is found up to an elevation of over 2000 metres above sea level.
This is a small but attractive species, with a wingspan of 26–34 mm (individuals hatched in higher altitudes tend to be smaller than those from the lowlands). The forewings are brown, often tinged with purple and marked with a complex pattern of white markings which are supposed to recall a true lover's knot. The hindwings are grey or buff. It flies from the latter half of June to the beginning of August and is attracted to light and the flowers of its food plants.

## Technical description and variation

The species has a wingspan of 26–34 mm. Its forewings are brick red; the veins white; lines dark, irregularly edged with white; stigmata edged with white and black scales; the claviform elongate, slender; the orbicular small and round; hindwing ochreous fuscous. The form marmorea Grasl. from France, has a pale blurred appearance: – concinna Esp is deep purple in colour; – while suffusa Tutt from Shetland is larger than the type and brown-red. See also Fibiger, 1993

## Biology

The larva is reddish brown or pinkish ochreous; the lines pale or white, broken up and edged with fuscous marks; spiracular line pinkish white, edged above with dark and feeds on heather and related genera (e.g. Erica). The species overwinters as a larva.
# Zeina Awad

Zeina Awad (Arabic: زينة عوض) is a Lebanese/Canadian news correspondent who used to co-host Fault Lines, Al Jazeera English's flagship current affairs programme about the Americas. Awad says she believes that Fault Lines strives to identify and patch information gaps by "asking the tough questions" of the countries and people in power.
Before joining Al Jazeera English, Awad was a producer for the BBC's HARDtalk and Panorama programmes (2004–2006), CNN, and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2000–2002). Later on, she left Al Jazeera in 2013, then joined TRT World from 2015 to 2017.
After 15 years in journalism, Awad joined the international civil service and humanitarian fields as a senior strategic communications specialist and advisor for UNICEF, UNESCO and MSF, with a focus on climate justice and gender equality.

## Beginnings

She has a BA in political science and women's studies from McGill University and a master's degree in comparative politics from the London School of Economics.

## Career
### Fault Lines

Awad's Fault Lines coverage brought her to India where she reported on US pharmaceutical companies conducting clinical research abroad. She also covered the 2012 US election and the so-called war on drugs in Central America.
Awad says she believes that Fault Lines strives to identify and patch information gaps by "asking the tough questions" of the countries and people in power.

### Other coverages

Awad has covered some of the Middle East and Africa's most important stories, including the refugee crisis in Europe, the fight to defeat ISIL in Iraq and Libya, elections in the US, Africa and Europe, and conflict in Syria, Sudan, Lebanon, the DRC, and Somalia.
# Górki Śląskie

Górki Śląskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nędza, within Racibórz County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Nędza, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Racibórz, and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.

## History

After the division of Upper Silesia, the village remained within the German part. However to allow Polish trains in the nearby railway station of Sumina to shunt without entering German territory, a narrow strip of land around the railway lines was assigned to Poland. This borer is still visible today in administrative borders.

## Gallery

* Main road
* Cemetery
* House
# Głąby

Głąby is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Herby, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Herby, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Lubliniec, and 58 km (36 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Transient grating spectroscopy
## Overview

Transient grating spectroscopy is an optical technique used to measure quasiparticle propagation. It can track changes in metallic materials as they are irradiated.
It is a pump-probe method in which short-lived standing waves are generated upon a sample surface. This is performed by combining two simultaneous pump laser beams with an angle (theta) between them, which creates an interference pattern on the sample, similar to the interference pattern generated by the well-known double slit experiment. The space between the regions of constructive interference is given by the following equation:
$\Lambda ={\frac {\lambda }{2sin(\theta /2)}}$
where Λ is the distance between the interference stripes, λ, the wavelength of the pump pulse, and θ, the angle between the two incident overlapping beams. The regions of the sample in the constructive interference fringes become thermally/vibrationally excited, and in combination with the unexcited fringes, creates a standing wave of wavelength Λ, also known as a surface acoustic wave. The surface acoustic waves act as transient absorption or reflection gratings that can be probed with a continuous laser that is pulsed immediately after the pump beams. The probe beam is either diffracted through or reflected from the surface, depending on the nature of the sample, toward a detector. The surface acoustic wave fluctuations modulate the diffraction or reflection of the probe beam at the surface of the sample. Its intensity gets monitored by the detector as a function of time. The intensity of the diffracted or reflected probe beam will converge at a baseline level, where no surface acoustic wave is interfering with the diffraction or reflection of the probe.
# Glod, Dâmbovița

Glod is a Roma village in the commune of Moroeni, Dâmbovița County, Romania, having a population of 1,723 as of 2011. The majority of residents are of Romani descent. Its name is an archaic word for "mud" in Romanian. The village is located near the towns of Pucioasa and Fieni.

## Role in Borat

Glod was a shooting location for the 2006 mockumentary film Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (but was not used in the 2020 sequel), representing Borat's fictional home village of Kuzcek, Kazakhstan. For the original film, the villagers of Glod were paid the equivalent of four U.S. dollars a day each for their appearances and were told the film would be a documentary about the hardships of rural village life. According to 20th Century Fox, the movie's comedic nature was obvious to everyone since it included many blatantly absurd and ridiculous scenes, such as one of a cow living inside someone’s house. Fox claims that the production team and star Sacha Baron Cohen each donated $5,000 to the town, as well as paid a location fee, and bought computers, school supplies, and business supplies for the residents. Two residents of Glod, Nicolae Todorache and Spiridon Ciorbea (role as Mukhtar Sakanov; a pun name for Mukhtar Shakhanov), hired the services of Edward Fagan to sue the producers of the film, but the lawsuit was thrown out by U.S. District Judge Loretta Preska in a hearing in early December 2006 on the ground that the charges were too vague and nebulous to stand up to legal examination in court.
# Benfield Group

Benfield Group was a leading independent reinsurance and risk intermediary. Customers included most of the world's major insurance and reinsurance companies as well as government entities and global corporations. A former constituent of the FTSE 250 Index, the company has been a division of Aon Corporation since November 2008.

## History

The company was established as a Lloyd's broker in 1973 as Benfield, Lovick, and Rees & Company (BLR). In 1988, a management buyout led to the formation of Benfield Group.
In the 1990s and early 2000s, the company grew through a series of mergers with Ellinger Heath Western, Greig Fester, and E.W. Blanch. The company was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 2003.
On 22 August 2008, Chicago-based Aon Corporation announced that it had agreed to acquire Benfield Group. The $1.43 billion deal was completed on 28 November 2008. Aon's reinsurance broking business continued to operate under the name Aon Benfield until 2018.

## Operations

Benfield Group was based in London and incorporated in Bermuda. It had an international network of more than 50 offices in the US, UK, Continental Europe, Bermuda and Asia.
Benfield was a reinsurance broker, acting as an intermediary between reinsurance companies and reinsurance purchasers. More than 90% of its revenues came from its reinsurance brokerage business.
Through its subsidiary, Benfield Corporate Risk, Benfield also operated in the primary insurance brokerage space, catering to the complex risk management and transfer needs of corporate entities in selected industries.
# Action 21 Charleroi

Action 21 Charleroi was a futsal club based in Charleroi, Belgium.

## History

The club was founded in 1999, Charleroi Garenne and FCS Sambreville merged in Action 21 Charleroi. Because of insufficient money, they merged with "FC Chatelineau" and became "Charleroi 21"

## Squad 2009/2010

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | G | BEL | Anthony Tognini |
| 2 | G | BEL | Valentin Dujacquier |
| 3 | G | BEL | Thomas Liuzzi |
| 4 | G | BEL | Jonathan Fosse |
| 6 | G | BEL | Michael Piazza |
| 7 | G | BEL | Aiyoub Anik |
| 8 | G | BEL | Lúcio Rosa |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 9 | G | BEL | Mario Lunetta |
| 10 | G | BRA | Liliu Carvalho |
| 12 | G | BEL | Filippo La Rocca |
| 14 | G | BEL | Sebastien Deswijsen |
| 18 | G | BEL | Julien Rizzo |
| 22 | G | BEL | Sebastiano Canaris |

## Palmares
### Domestic

* 10 Division 1 (10): 1999/00, 2000/01, 2001/02, 2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/10
* 4 Belgian Cup (4): 2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07
* 8 Belgian Supercup (8): 2000/01, 2001/02, 2002/03, 2003/04, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2008/09

### International

* UEFA Futsal Champions League (1): 2004/05
** UEFA Futsal Champions League runners-up (2):2: 2001/02, 2002/03
* 2 Benelux Cups (2): 2001/02, 2002/03
# 2015 in birding and ornithology

    See also 2014 in birding and ornithology, main events of 2015 and 2016 in birding and ornithology
The year 2015 in birding and ornithology.

## Worldwide
### New species

    See also Bird species new to science described in the 2010s
* Desert owl Strix hadorami
* Perijá tapaculo Scytalopus perijanus
* Sichuan bush warbler Locustella chengi

### World listing
## Europe
### Republic of Cyprus

* More than 2 million birds are illegally killed during the autumn, including 800,000 on British military sovereign base areas. They are trapped by limesticks and mist net and served as ambelopoulia in restaurants. The illegal trade is estimated to be worth €15 million per annum.

### Ireland
## North America

To be completed

## South America
### Argentina

* A project to reintroduce the red and green macaw (Ara chloropterus), a nationally extinct species, to Ibera National Park was launched by the Rewilding Argentina Foundation.
# B. Radhakrishnan

B. Radhakrishnan is a Carrom player from India. At the third SAARC Carrom Championship (1999) at Malé, he won fourth place in the singles event and won the team event as part of the Indian team.
# Hiroshige (crater)

Hiroshige is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976, after the Japanese artist Andō Hiroshige.
Hiroshige is east of the craters Murasaki and Kuiper. Kuiper's rays overlie Hiroshige.
# Grit (supplement)

Grit is a material eaten by birds to aid in their diets and digestion. Wild birds find grit naturally while foraging, and farmers can purchase grit for their domestic fowl.

## Composition

There are two kinds of grit:
Soluble grit dissolves in a bird's digestive system. It is usually made from calcium-high materials; the calcium helps the bird in egg shell production. Soluble grit can be made from limestone or coarsely ground or broken seashells, like oyster or mussel shells; this kind of grit is also called shell grit. Other uses for shell grit include protecting plants from slugs or snails and for aquariums.
Insoluble grit consists mainly of crushed stone (though often with additives). These do not dissolve in the bird's digestive system; instead, they remain in the gizzard for weeks or months to help the bird grind up its food for digestion. Stones used may include quartz, granite, feldspar, and phosphate rock. Insoluble grit is found in the gizzards of birds that eat plant parts and some that eat invertebrates. Because of its grinding function, this kind of grit is sometimes called "hen's teeth."
The size of grit particles varies widely by species, from less than 0.1 millimeter in diameter to, in the case of larger birds like ostriches, over 2.5 cm in diameter. Juvenile birds will often ingest smaller pieces of grit than adults, as in Sarus Cranes. Grit size also varies with birds' diet; larger grit helps birds grind down harder, coarser food more efficiently. The kind of grit used may also change seasonally, whether due to varying availability of grit or varying availability of food to be digested. Sex and reproductive status are usually not associated with grit size. Grit that starts off in rough or angular pieces may become rounded off as it is used in a bird's gizzard.

## History

Grit has been known to avian researchers since at least the late 1700s. United States federal and state researchers began dedicating significant attention to grit by the start of the 1900s.
Grit use has been studied in poultry, wild gallinaceous birds, and waterfowl. For poultry, the aim has been to improve the output of poultry and egg farms. For waterfowl and gallinaceous birds, there have been many avenues of research: their status as game birds, their population densities, any potential role of grit in lead poisoning, and pesticides that grit may include.
# Nest box camera

A nest box camera, also known as a bird box camera, is a photographic device fitted inside a nest box in order to monitor its inhabitants. Many Internet sites broadcast video streams and still images of nesting birds in real time.

## Technology

Most cameras uses visible light to capture images. Infrared cameras may be used alone or in conjunction with visible light cameras if the birds are active at night. Infrared light is not dangerous to nesting birds. Wired and wireless systems are used. A webcam is frequently used by enthusiasts but the quality is usually standard-definition. Wired network cameras allow the streaming of high-definition video to the internet or to internal or external storage. Some nest box cameras have microphones inside them. It is relatively easy to construct a nest box camera because it involves little more than installing a camera in a nest box, remembering only to choose or construct a nest box large enough to contain the camera, to have a box deep enough to enable proper focusing of the camera and to use a camera suitable for outdoor conditions.
# Vivaldi (crater)

Vivaldi is a crater on Mercury. It was named by the IAU after Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi in 1976. It has a prominent and nearly continuous inner ring whose diameter measures about half that of the outer ring. It is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury. Unlike some of the lunar multiringed structures, no vestiges of additional rings are apparent around this crater. It is classified as c3 age.
A confirmed dark spot is present in along the northern peak ring. This dark spot is associated with hollows.
* Mariner 10 image from 1974
* Vivaldi is the large, shadow-filled, double ringed crater to the upper right. From MESSENGER's first flyby in January 2008.
* Interior of Vivaldi showing possible hollows on the peak ring.
* Exaggerated color image
# Santa María Rupes

Santa María Rupes is a prominent lobate escarpment and fault line on Mercury. According to data from Arecibo, it has a relief of roughly 700m. The formation was named after the ship Santa María, used by Christopher Columbus. The escarpment was probably created as Mercury cooled and thus contracted.
# Shakespeare (Mercurian crater)

Shakespeare is a 370 km diameter impact basin in the Shakespeare quadrangle of Mercury, which is named after this crater. It is located at 48.1°N, 152.3°W and is named after playwright William Shakespeare. The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.
# Banu Abd al-Dar

Banū ‘Abd ad-Dār (Arabic: بَـنُـو عَـبْـد الـدَّار, "Sons of the Servant of the House" — referring to the Kaaba) is a sub-clan of the Arabian Quraysh tribe.

## History

Their progenitor is Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai ibn Kilab. Historically, this tribe carried the banner in war, and Muhammad continued that tradition. In battles between the Makkans and the Muslims, the banner was frequently carried on both sides by a member of this tribe. Known to be the custodian of the Kaaba during the period of Jāhiliyyah (Arabic: جَـاهِـلِـيَّـة, 'Ignorance'), and upheld by the Islamic Nabí (Arabic: نَـبِي, Prophet) later on.

## List

* The mistress of Al-Nahdiah
* Barrah bint Abdul Uzza bin Uthman bin Abd al-Dar, Muhammad's maternal grandmother
* Mus`ab ibn `Umair ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Abd al-Dar, a companion of Muhammad