OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carl and Jack Cole

Carl and Jack Cole, born Carl Kolofsky and Isadore Kolofsky, were American-Canadian brothers who created the successful bookstore chain Coles as well as the world-famous publication Coles Notes. Carl (died 1994) and Jack (May 4, 1920 – January 22, 1997) made Coles the largest bookstore chain in Canada in the mid- to late-20th century.

## Early life

Jack and Carl were born in Detroit, but the family moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, when Jack was quite young.
Jack attended Harbord Collegiate Institute, but dropped out of high school after completing grade 10 in order to help provide for his family. Carl attended Oakwood Collegiate Institute in Toronto.
In 1935, at age 15, Jack and his brother Carl opened The Book Exchange, their first bookstore. It was located at Bloor and Spadina and specialized in second-hand books for the University of Toronto.

## World War II

Jack joined the Royal Canadian Air Force upon Canada's entry into War. Due to his limited formal education, Jack started as a private, but within six months was promoted to a captain and stationed in England. At the same time, brother Carl ran the bookstore, which was thriving in Canada.

## Coles Notes

Jack and Carl first published Coles Notes in 1948. The first edition was for the French novel Colomba by Prosper Mérimée.
There have been over 80,000,000 copies of Coles Notes sold in over 70 countries. They are currently owned by Indigo Books in Canada.

## 1950s and 1960s

In 1958, Jack and Carl sold the American rights to Coles Notes to Cliff Hillegass, who published the books under the Cliff's Notes moniker.
By 1960, Coles Notes sales peaked when baby boomers were beginning to attend high school. At their peak, there were over 120 titles, mostly dealing with English novels, but they also had numerous other subjects, including languages, mathematics, and physics.
In the 1960s, Hillegass gradually eliminated the Cole's version of the notes in favor the Cliff's brand.

## 1970s

On June 7, 1972, the brothers took Coles Bookstore public, with Jack and Carl still retaining control over the business. At the time, Coles Bookstore had over 200 stores operating across Canada.
Beginning in 1973, Jack and Carl opened over 50 stores in the United States, but this venture was not very successful. In 1987 Southam Inc. sold the remaining 52 stores to Waldenbooks.
In 1978, Jack and Carl sold their interest in Coles Bookstore to Southam Press for a reported C$34 million. Jack remained as president of the company until the early 1980s.

## World's Biggest Bookstore

In 1980, Jack opened the World's Biggest Bookstore at the site of a former bowling alley. At the time, it was the largest bookstore in the world at 67,000 square feet (6,200 m$^2$). It was located in downtown Toronto on Edward Street. Although the business is owned by Indigo Books and Music, the building is owned by the Cole family.
On June 20, 2012, Stuart Smith of CBRE Commercial Real Estate Services announced the lease on the store's building, which was set to expire at the end of 2013, would not be renewed by Indigo Books and Music. In March 2014, the World's Biggest Bookstore officially closed.
# Syria at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics

Syria competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics from 15–23 August. A team of 2 athletes was announced in preparation for the competition.

## Team selection

| Event | Athletes | Athletes |
| Event | Men | Women |
| 200 metres | | Mounira Al-Saleh |
| Event | Athletes | Athletes |
| Event | Men | Women |
| High jump | Majed Aldin Ghazal | |

## Results
### Men
#### Field and combined events

| Event | Athletes | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| High jump | Majed Aldin Ghazal | 2.15 SB | 28 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Event | Athletes | Heats | Heats | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| 200 m | Mounira Al-Saleh | DNF | DNF | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Psittacomimus

Psittacomimus (meaning "Psittacus imitator") is an extinct genus of psittacopedid bird from the Early Eocene London Clay Formation of Essex, United Kingdom. The genus contains a single species, P. eos, known from a partial skeleton.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype specimen, NMS.Z.2021.40.38, was discovered in 1991 by Michael Daniels in layers of the London Clay Formation (Walton Member), dated to the early Ypresian, which is located near Walton-on-the-Naze in Essex, England. This specimen consists of the skull, the left quadrate, several vertebrae, the left coracoid, a partial left and right humerus, a partial left ulna, a right radius, a right and partial left carpometacarpus, the pelvis, a partial right femur, a right tibiotarsus, a partial left and right tarsometatarsus, and pedal phalanges.
The fossil material, particularly the nearly-complete skull, closely resembles bones of the contemporary related Parapsittacopes.
A preliminary description of the fossil material was published by German paleontologist Gerald Mayr and Michael Daniels in 1998. In 2022, Gerald Mayr and British zoologist Andrew C. Kitchener described Psittacomimus eos, a new genus and species of psittacopedid, based on these fossil remains. The generic name, "Psittacomimus", combines the Greek word "μῖμος" ("mimos"), meaning "imitator", with the name of the extant parrot Psittacus, in reference to the similarity of Psittacomimus with psittaciforms. The specific name, "eos", references the discovery of the fossils in Eocene-aged sediments. Additional bones discovered at the same locality were also assigned to Psittacomimus as referred specimens.

## Classification

Mayr and Kitchener (2022) recovered Psittacomimus within the Psittacopedidae in their phylogenetic analyses. Their results are shown in the cladogram below:
# 2017 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship

The 2017 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 120th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896. The championship ran from 15 April to 1 October 2017.
St Rynagh's entered the championship as the defending champions.
The final was played on 15 October 2023 at O'Connor Park in Tullamore, between Kilcormac–Killoughey and St Rynagh's, in what was their third meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in three years. Kilcormac–Killoughey won the match by 2-16 to 1-16 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title in three years.
# Carola Weißenberg

Carola Weißenberg (born 24 December 1962 in Hohenschönhausen), married surname: Fleischhauer, is a German former figure skater who represented East Germany. She is the 1978 Prize of Moscow News champion, 1979 Richmond Trophy silver medalist, and a three-time national medalist. She finished in the top ten at the 1978 World Championships and three European Championships. Her skating club was SC Dynamo Berlin.

## Results

International :
| Event | 74–75 | 75–76 | 76–77 | 77–78 | 78–79 | 79–80 |
| World Champ. | | | | 10th | 19th | 13th |
| European Champ. | | | | 7th | 5th | 7th |
| Blue Swords | | 5th | 3rd | | | 3rd |
| Prize of Moscow News | | | | | 1st | |
| Richmond Trophy | | | | | | 2nd |
| Grand Prize SNP | 1st J | | | | | |
| National |||||||
| East German Champ. | | | | 2nd | 2nd | 3rd |
| J = Junior level |||||||
# Bhargavi (actress)

Bhargavi (1983–2008) was born in Gorantla (Guntur district). Her first film was YVS Chowdary's Devadasu, through which she first achieved recognition. She also appeared in Ashta Chamma, based on Oscar Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest, as Varalakshmi (the equivalent of Cecily Cardew in Earnest). Before acting in Ashta Chamma, she worked in several TV serials. She rose to fame with the TV show Ammamma.com, produced under the banner Just Yellow. On 16 December 2008, Bhargavi was found murdered in her Banjara Hills house along with an orchestra troupe operator, Praveen Kumar, triggering speculation about the motive behind the deaths.

## Filmography
### Films

List of films and roles :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2009 | Holidays | Hasini |
| 2009 | Anjani Puthrudu | Kanyaka Siromani Tulasi |
| 2008 | Mr. Medhavi | Sheela |
| 2008 | Ashta Chamma | Varalakshmi |
| 2008 | Raksha | Lakshmi |
| 2006 | Annavaram | Seetha |
| 2006 | Devadasu | SRR College Student |

### Television

List of television shows and roles :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2007 | Ammamma.com | Nandu |
| 2007 | Amrutham | Uma Devi |

## Death

Praveen (Buji) runs a musical orchestra (Saibaba orchestra) for the past five years. He was quite popular in the Nellore area and was married twice before, to Dolly (daughter of Guntur ex DSP) and Swapna (second heroine in NTR's film Subbu) in the past. He also has a son. There were rumors that Bujji had married Bhargavi (on 12 February 2006) in the presence of his friends at Murali Krishna hotel (in Nellore).
The suicide notes say that Bhargavi and Bujji got married in 2006 and were separated in the past few months. Bhargavi also wrote in the letter that she distanced herself from him after rising to fame with the release of Ashta Chamma. He also claimed that Bhargavi's mother had created a rift between them after Bhargavi got film offers.
Bhargavi's father confirmed that his daughter never married Bujji. He also said that she did not show any signs of strain in her visit. Bhargavi's parents reiterated that she was a strong girl and would never attempt suicide.
Police department confirmed that Bujji might have killed Bhargavi by using a knife (as eight knife marks were found on her). Bujji might have consumed poison after killing Bhargavi as there was foam in Bujji's mouth.
# Andrés González (Spanish footballer)

Andrés González Cardero (born 2 March 1988), simply known as Andrés, is a Spanish footballer who plays for La Calzada as a right back.

## Club career

Born in Burgos, Castile and León, González made his senior debuts with local UDG Río Vena in the 2006–07 season, in the regional leagues. He moved straight to Segunda División B in 2007, after agreeing to a contract with Burgos CF.
On 7 August 2009, González signed for SD Eibar also in the third level. The following 14 July, after being a regular starter, he moved to Segunda División side UD Salamanca.
A fourth-choice behind Sito, Anaitz Arbilla and Juanpa, Andrés only made his professional debut on 4 June 2011, starting in a 2–2 home draw against CD Numancia as his side suffered relegation. In the following campaign, he was an undisputed starter.
In August 2012, González moved to Racing de Santander B in the third division, suffering team relegation in his only season at the club. He subsequently returned to Burgos, being a first-choice in the following campaigns.
# Transversus thoracis muscle

The transversus thoracis muscle (/trænzˈvɜːrsəs θəˈreɪsɪs/), also known as triangularis sterni, lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is usually a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, however on athletic individuals it can be a thick 'slab of meat', situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles.

## Structure

It arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs.
Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs.
The lowest fibers of this muscle are horizontal in their direction, and are continuous with those of the transversus abdominis; the intermediate fibers are oblique, while the highest are almost vertical.
This muscle varies in its attachments, not only in different subjects, but on opposite sides of the same subject.
The muscle is supplied by the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves (intercostal nerves).

## Function

It is almost completely without function, but it separates the thoracic cage from the parietal pleura. It depresses the ribs.
Contraction of this muscle aids in exertional expiration by decreasing the transverse diameter of the thoracic cage.

## Additional images

* Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
* Diagram of the course and branches of a typical intercostal nerve.
# Syria at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics

Syria competed at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, China, from 22–30 August 2015.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men
#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Majd Eddin Ghazal | High jump | 2.29 NR | 15 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ghofrane Mohamed | 400 metres hurdles | 58.61 SB | 8 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Carola von der Weth

Carola von der Weth (née Manger; born 19 June 1959) is a German chess Woman FIDE Master who won East Germany Women's Chess Championship (1986).

## Life

Carola von der Weth completed an apprenticeship as a graduate engineer for urban planning and works in the Construction and Urban Development Office of the City of Suhl. Her hobbies were chess and correspondence chess. In 1976 she took part in an East Germany Women's Chess Championship for the first time. In 1983 she won East Germany Women's Correspondence Chess Championship and in 1986 she won the 35th East Germany Women's Chess Championship.

## Chess career
### Individual Championships

As Carola Manger, she took part in the East Germany Women's Chess Championships in 1976 in Gröditz, 1979 in Suhl, 1982 in Salzwedel, 1983 in Cottbus, 1984 in Eilenburg and 1986 in Nordhausen. In Nordhausen she was first with a lead of half a point in front of Iris Bröder, Annett Wagner-Michel and Antje Riedel who had the same number of points.

### Team Championships

She played first board in the men's district league to train for women's championships.
In the Chess Women's Bundesliga she was selected in the seasons 1991/92 and 1992/93 for the team by Motor Weimar or the SV Weimar, but was not participated in tournament.

### Other

She holds the title of Woman FIDE Master (WFM).
Her highest rating was an Elo rating of 2110 points in January 1989. Since then, her Elo rating hasn't changed since she hasn't played a rated game.

### Correspondence Chess

In 1983 she won the East Germany Women's Correspondence Chess Championship and played in the semi-finals of the 5th Women's World Correspondence Chess Championship.
She participated in the final of the 16th German Women's Correspondence Chess Championship in 1994/96, which Anke Koglin won.
# Finalize (optical discs)

Finalizing (also spelled finalising) an optical disc is the process of writing out support data such as DVD menus, directory data, and the like to an optical disc in order to make it playable on a system other than the one it was recorded on. As a general rule, finalization means that the disc cannot have any additional data written to it. It is the last step in the DVD authoring process.
The term is also used as an alternative word for the "closing" of a CD-R, in which Table of Contents data and the like are written out to enable the computer to read a CD. Like DVD finalization, a closed CD-R cannot receive any additional data.
Some recording formats, such as DVD+VR, do not require finalization before they can be played.
* This computer-storage-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Melitha Sidabutar

Melitha Patricia Sidabutar (8 January 2001 – 8 April 2024) was an Indonesian singer. She rose to prominence after appearing as a Top 12 Finalist on Indonesian Idol Junior in 2014 and Indonesian Idol with her twin sister Melisha Sidabutar in 2020.

## Life and career

Melitha Patricia Sidabutar was born on 8 January 2001 in Balige, Toba Regency. She had a twin sister, Melisha and a brother, Ronald and Rinaldo. In 2014, she began her career as a singer and became famous after participating in the first season of Indonesian Idol Junior.
In 2020, Sidabutar joined the Christian music label, Impact Music Indonesia and released her debut single entitled "Penolong Yang Setia" in December 2020. Then in 2021, she released her debut mini album with the same title which was released in a live performance at the Jakarta Convention Center, in Jakarta, in July 2021.

## Death

On 8 April 2024, at the age of 23, Sidabutar died of heart failure at Eka Hospital, Bekasi, West Java. She was buried side by side with her twin sister at San Diego Hills cemetery on 11 April 2024.

## Discography
### Mini album

* Penolong Yang Setia - displays JCC Worship (2021)

### Singles

* "Penolong Yang Setia" (2020)
* "Yesus Yang Kupercaya" (2021)
* "Kupercaya Mujizat Ada Bagiku" (2021)
* "Sampaikan Pada Yesus" (2021)
* "Sahabat Setia" (2021)
* "IkutMu" (2021)
* "Bapaku Yang Baik" (2022)
* "Mengucap Syukur" (2023)
* "Roh Kudus" (2023)
* "Kisah Indah" (2024)
* "Penolong Dalam Kesesakan" (2024)

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| 2023 | Anugerah Musik Indonesia 2023 | Best Christian Music Production Work | "Mengucap Syukur" | Won | |
| 2024 | Anugerah Musik Indonesia 2024 | Best Christian Music Production Work | "Penolong Dalam Kesesakan" | Won | |
# BDFA

BDFA may refer to:
* Bangalore District Football Association, India
* Batten Disease Family Association, UK charity
# Trinidad and Tobago at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

Trinidad and Tobago competed at the 2019 World Championships in Athletics in Doha, Qatar, from 27 September to 6 October 2019.

## Results
### Key

* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* PB = Personal best
* SB = Season best
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semi-final | Semi-final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Kyle Greaux | 200 metres | 20.19 | 5 | 20.24 | 8 | 20.39 | 8 |
| Jereem Richards | 200 metres | 20.23 | 8 | 20.28 | 10 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Machel Cedenio | 400 metres | 45.26 | 9 | 44.41 | 5 | 45.30 | 7 |
| Asa Guevara Jereem Richards Darren Alfred Deon Lendore Machel Cedenio | 4 × 400 metres relay | 3:01.35 | 5 | - | - | 3:00.74 SB | 5 |

#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Andwuelle Wright | Long jump | 7.76 | 17 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Keshorn Walcott | Javelin throw | 84.44 | 5 | 77.47 | 11 |

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semi-final | Semi-final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Kelly-Ann Baptiste | 100 metres | 11.21 | 14 | 11.19 | 12 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Kamaria Durant | 200 metres | 23.08 | 21 | 23.44 | 22 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Mauricia Prieto | 200 metres | 23.33 | 31 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Semoy Hackett Kelly-Ann Baptiste Reyare Thomas Kamaria Durant Mauricia Prieto | 4 × 100 metres relay | 42.75 SB | 5 | - | - | 42.71 SB | 6 |

#### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Portious Warren | Shot put | 17.46 | 19 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Ulugqat Township

Ulugqat Township (ئۇلۇغچات يېزىسى Chinese: 乌鲁克恰提乡; pinyin: Wūlǔkèqiàtí Xiāng) is a township of Ulugqat County (Wuqia) in Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Located in the middle north of the county, the township covers an area of 3,430 square kilometers with a population of 4,430 (as of 2017). It has 4 villages under its jurisdiction. Its seat is at Korgan Village (库尔干村).
Ulugqat Township is located 92 kilometers west of the county seat Wuqia Town. It is adjacent to Kiziloy Township in the east, Oksalur Township in the south and Jigin Township in the west, and borders with the Kyrgyz Republic in the north with a boundary line of 118 kilometers. There are 9 mountain passes connecting Kyrgyzstan.

## Name

The name of Ulugqat is from the Kyrgyz language, meaning branch valleys (山沟分岔口). It is named after that the Kizilsu Valley divides into two separate branch valleys in the area and the place presents the shape of the three mountain valleys.

## History

Ulugqat Township is commonly known as old Wuqia. Ulugqat Township was once the seat of Ulugqat branch county (乌鲁克恰提分县) established from Shufu County in 1913. Ulugqat branch county was changed to Ulugqat Division (乌鲁克恰提设治局) in 1929 and the county of Wuqia was established from Ulugqat Division in 1938 and the county seat was transferred to Wuqia Town.
Ulugqat was part of the 2nd district of Wuqia County in 1950. Ulugqat Commune (乌鲁克恰提公社) was formed in 1958. The commune was renamed to Dongfeng Commune (东风公社) in 1968 and restored the former name in 1980. The commune was reorganized as a township in 1984.
On May 6, 2020 at 6:51 PM (Beijing Time), a 5.0 magnitude earthquake struck 25 km (16 mi) west of Ulugqat. (39°43′N 74°06′E﻿ / ﻿39.71°N 74.1°E﻿ / 39.71; 74.1)

## Subdivisions

The township has 4 villages and 8 unincorporated villages under its jurisdiction.
* Qizilkowruk Village (Kezilekulucun) (克孜勒库鲁村, قىزىل كۆۋرۈك كەنتى, قىزىل كۅپۉرۅ قىشتاعى)
* Qorghan Village (Ku'ergancun) (库尔干村, قورغان كەنتى, قورغون قىشتاعى)
** 39°49′17″N 074°20′20″E﻿ / ﻿39.82139°N 74.33889°E﻿ / 39.82139; 74.33889
* Chongterek Village (Qiongtierekecun) (琼铁热克村, چوڭتېرەك كەنتى, چوڭتەرەك قىشتاعى)
** 39°57′19″N 074°27′39″E﻿ / ﻿39.95528°N 74.46083°E﻿ / 39.95528; 74.46083
* Saryqbai Village (Sarekebayicun) (萨热克巴依村, سېرىقباي كەنتى, سارىقباي قىشتاعى)
** 40°00′55″N 074°34′12″E﻿ / ﻿40.01528°N 74.57000°E﻿ / 40.01528; 74.57000

## Demographics

As of 1997, the population of Ulugqat was Kyrgyz.

## Economy

Ulugqat's economy is primarily based on animal husbandry.
Protected animals in Ulugqat include argali, goitered gazelle, and snowcock.