OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tivali Minsk

Tivali Minsk also known as Hockey club Dinamo Minsk or HC Dinamo Minsk was an ice hockey club based in Minsk, Belarus.

## History

Formed in 1946, this Minsk based hockey team went through several identity changes all the while playing amongst several hockey leagues in Europe. It went bankrupt in 2001. In 2003, the team was brought back under its traditional namesake, Dinamo Minsk.

## Honors
### Winners

* Belarusian Extraliga Championship: 4
       1993, 1994, 1995, 2000
* Vysshaya Liga Championship: 4
       1970, 1977, 1996, 1997

### Runners Up

* Belarusian Extraliga Championship: 2
       1996, 1997
# Bryan County Courthouse (Oklahoma)

The Bryan County Courthouse in Durant, Oklahoma, located at 4th Avenue and Evergreen Street, was built in 1917. It was designed by architect Jewell Hicks. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
It is a three-story courthouse. It was deemed "significant because of its importance to the county's residents as a center of government, and because it is an elegant example of monumental public architecture. It is particularly notable because its architect was Jewell Hicks, one of the designers of the Oklahoma State Capitol Building."
# Manigault

Manigault (variant spelling Manigaud, Manigaut, etc.) is a surname of French origin that derives from West Germanic Managwald (manig "many, much" + wald, walt "power"). It meant "laborer" in Old French too. It is similar to the German surname Manigold / Mangold. Notable people with the surname include:

## People

* Arthur Middleton Manigault (1824-1886), Confederate General of the American Civil War
* Earl Manigault (1944–1998), American basketball player
* Edward Middleton Manigault (1887–1922), American Modernist painter
* Elizabeth Wragg Manigault (1736–1773), socialite and wife of Peter Manigault
* Gabriel Manigault (1758–1809), U.S. architect
* Gabriel Manigault (merchant) (1704–1781), U.S. merchant
* Mary Jane Manigault (1913–2010)
* Omarosa Manigault (born 1974), U.S. TV personality
* Peter Manigault (1731–1773), Charleston, South Carolina attorney, plantation owner, and colonial legislator
* Charles Manigault Morris (1820–1895), naval officer in C.S.A. and U.S.A. services

## Characters

* Aaron Manigault, and Devar Manigault, fictional characters from the U.S. TV series The Wire
# Ian Monroe

Ian Monroe (born 1972) is an artist based in London.
Monroe was born in Cooperstown, New York and spent his childhood in Reston, Virginia, a planned community 25 miles outside of Washington, D.C. Monroe received his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Arts) from Washington University in St. Louis in 1995. He went on to complete an MA (again in visual art) from Goldsmiths College, London, in 2002. The main work he exhibited at his MA show, Canyon Recreated, was bought by Charles Saatchi. Monroe came to public attention in 2003 when this piece was featured in the opening exhibition at the new Saatchi Gallery. Since then, Monroe's work has been acquired by a number of international museums and private collections.
Monroe makes large-scale images of illusionistic spaces via the medium of collage as well as sculpture using text to form structures. Monroe's work is primarily concerned with investigating both the visual and conceptual possibilities of the technological landscape.
# Christian Brevoort Zabriskie

Christian Brevoort Zabriskie /zəˈbrɪski/ (October 16, 1864 – February 8, 1936) was an American businessman and vice president of Pacific Coast Borax Company. Zabriskie Point on the northeasternmost flank of the Black Mountains east of Death Valley, located in Death Valley National Park is named after him.

## Early years

Zabriskie was born at Fort Bridger in Wyoming Territory, where his father, Capt. Elias B. Zabriskie, was stationed. The Zabriskie family descended from Albrycht Zaborowski (Albert Zabriskie), a Polish immigrant from Angerburg (Węgorzewo) in Ducal Prussia, who settled in New Jersey in 1662 alongside a Dutch community. Young Zabriskie attended various schools while growing up and at a very early age went to work as a telegrapher for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad at Carson City, Nevada. He was too restless and ambitious to stay in one place for very long and soon moved to Candelaria, Nevada, and worked for the Esmeralda County Bank. Being an active young man, one job was not enough to keep him occupied and he soon branched out into other ventures, one of which was a partnership with a local cabinet maker to establish a mortuary. Neither of the two knew how to embalm, but it was not considered necessary in a mining town — prompt burial was.

## Borax career

Zabriskie's life took on new meaning in 1885 when F. M. "Borax" Smith hired him to supervise several hundred Chinese laborers at the Columbus Marsh area of the Pacific Coast Borax Company near Candelaria. This was the beginning of a lifelong career in the borax industry.
He ultimately became vice president and general manager of the company and served in that capacity for thirty-six years until his retirement in 1933. During this time, the Pacific Coast Borax Company had phased out most of its borax operations in the Candelaria vicinity but had moved on to greater production in the Death Valley area, the Calico Mountains (near Yermo, California) and Searles Lake (near Trona, California).
All this occurred long before 1933, when the area became Death Valley National Monument, but Zabriskie Point remains to honor a man who devoted many years of dedicated service to the Pacific Coast Borax Company. He died three years after his retirement, in 1936.
# Tarique Ashraf

Tarique Ashraf (July 5, 1940 - April 14, 1992) was a Pakistani writer and publisher. He was the owner of Suhni Printing Press and editor-in-chief of Suhni Literary Magazine. His was the author of Urdu novels Meero Dharial and Jail Diary. Ashraf introduced Sindhi short story writer Amar Jaleel by publishing his stories. Ashraf published Suhni's special edition called Amar Jaleel Number to promote him.

## Early life

Ashraf was born on July 5, 1940, in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. His birth name was Syed Ashraf Ali Shah. His father was Syed Lutuf Ali Shah and his mother was Bano Bibi. He attended school at Hyderabad and received a Master of Arts degree from University of Sindh.

## Career

His first story "Dari" (The Window) was published in the literary magazine Badal in 1960. His other early stories were published in Mehran, Rooh Rihan, and other Sindhi language magazines. In 1960, Tarique Ashraf and his friend Ghulam Nabi Mughal founded a publishing house named "Idara-e-Adab-e-Nau" (Institute of Modern Literature) and he published his own and other writers' literary works. This publishing house was later renamed as "Suhni Publications". At that time, only a few Sindhi language magazines were being published. He launched Suhni Magazine in 1966. Under his editorship, this magazine flourished. Suhni Magazine introduced new writers, and published special editions written by authors such as Amar Jaleel, Naseem Kharel and Shaikh Ayaz. Tarique was a revolutionary writer and wrote boldly against One Unit in Pakistan, the policies of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and General Zia-ul-Haq. He was jailed in 1975 for 22 months and again in 1983 for three months. While in jail he continued to write and publish.

## Books

His books include:
* Soonhan, Pathar and Piyar (Sindhi: سونهن، پٿر ۽ پيار), short stories (1964)
* Khiranda Khatanhar, (Sindhi: کڙندا کٽڻهار), short stories, (1968)
* Zindageea Jo Tanha Musafir (Sindhi: زندگيءَ جو تنها مسافر), short stories (1978)
* Darid Ja Deenhan, Dard Joon Ratiyoon (Sindhi: درد جا ڏينهن، درد جون راتيون), short stories (1982)
* Band Akhiun Men, Kujh Yadoon Kujh Sapna (Sindhi: بند اکين ۾ ڪجه يادون ڪجه سپنا ) (1992)
* Baweeha Mahina Jail Men (Sindhi: ٻاويھ مهينا جيل ۾) (Two Parts), Jail Diary
* Jail Gharium Jin San (Sindhi: جيل گهاريم جن سين)
* Adh Mulaqat (Sindhi: اڌ ملاقات)
* Meeru Dhareil (Sindhi: ميرو ڌاڙيل), Novel
* Akhiri Kitab (Sindhi: آخري ڪتاب), Collection of ahort stories of various authors.

## Death

Tarique Ashraf died on 14 April 1992 in Karachi.
# List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 554

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 554 of the United States Reports:
| Case name | Citation | Date decided |
| Dada v. Mukasey | 554 U.S. 1 | 2008 |
| Fla. Dept. of Revenue v. Piccadilly Cafeterias, Inc. | 554 U.S. 33 | 2008 |
| Chamber of Com. v. Brown | 554 U.S. 60 | 2008 |
| Meacham v. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory | 554 U.S. 84 | 2008 |
| Metro. Life Ins. Co. v. Glenn | 554 U.S. 105 | 2008 |
| Ky. Retirement Systems v. EEOC | 554 U.S. 135 | 2008 |
| Indiana v. Edwards | 554 U.S. 164 | 2008 |
| Rothgery v. Gillespie Cnty. | 554 U.S. 191 | 2008 |
| Greenlaw v. United States | 554 U.S. 237 | 2008 |
| Sprint Communications Co. v. APCC Services, Inc. | 554 U.S. 269 | 2008 |
| Plains Com. Bank v. Long Family Land & Cattle Co., Inc. | 554 U.S. 316 | 2008 |
| Giles v. California | 554 U.S. 353 | 2008 |
| Kennedy v. Louisiana | 554 U.S. 407 | 2008 |
| Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker | 554 U.S. 471 | 2008 |
| Morgan Stanley Capital Group Inc. v. Pub. Util. Dist. | 554 U.S. 527 | 2008 |
| District of Columbia v. Heller | 554 U.S. 570 | 2008 |
| Davis v. FEC | 554 U.S. 724 | 2008 |
| Medellín v. Texas | 554 U.S. 759 | 2008 |
# Parnelli VPJ6

The Parnelli VPJ6 is an open-wheel race car, designed by British designer John Barnard for Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing, to compete in U.S.A.C. Championship Car, between 1975 and 1980, as well as in CART, between 1979 and 1980. It was driven by Danny Ongais, Al Unser, George Snider, Bill Whittington, Lee Kunzman, and A. J. Foyt. It notably gave Foyt his last IndyCar championship, in 1979. It was powered by the powerful and successful DFV-derived DFX.
# Tears of Joy (album)

Tears of Joy is a live double album by trumpeter/bandleader Don Ellis recorded in 1971 and released on the Columbia label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| All About Jazz | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
Thom Jurek of Allmusic said "Tears of Joy is a Don Ellis classic. The sheer musical strength of this ensemble is pretty much unparalleled in his career. The trumpeter/leader had backed off—a bit—from some of his outlandish and beautifully excessive use of strange and unconventional time signatures, though there is no lack of pioneering experimentalism in tone, color, arrangement, or style. ...Ultimately, Tears of Joy stands as a singular achievement in a career full of them by a musical auteur whose creativity seemingly knew few if any bounds". On All About Jazz, Jim Santella observed "Tears of Joy marked a subtle change in the Don Ellis big band. The trumpeter was gradually drifting toward popular music, and he was beginning to use the new electronic technology to its best advantage. However, he continued to load each arrangement with the kinds of musical features that have always left their unique stamp on his undertakings. Ellis and his other soloists stretch out with virtuosity while complex rhythms and dense counterpoint fill the air, and the band's sections taunt each other with adventurous forays. ...Highly recommended, Tears of Joy represents vintage Don Ellis big band excitement at its best" The Penguin Guide to Jazz said "Tears of Joy is regarded by some as the best Don Ellis album. It's certainly bold and expansive".

## Track listing

All compositions by Don Ellis except as indicated
Side One:
* "Tears of Joy" - 2:58
* "5/4 Getaway" - 7:49
* "Bulgarian Bulge" - 4:54
* "Get It Together" (Sam Falzone) - 5:14
Side Two:
* "Quiet Longing" - 3:48
* "Blues in Elf" - 6:41
* "Loss" - 8:21
Side Three:
* "How's This for Openers?" - 8:37
* "Samba Bajada" (Hank Levy) - 11:31
Side Four:
* "Strawberry Soup" - 17:36
* "Euphoric Acid" (Fred Selden) - 4:25

## Personnel

* Don Ellis – trumpet, flugelhorn, drums, arranger
* Lonnie Shetter – alto saxophone, woodwinds
* Fred Selden – alto saxophone, flute, soprano saxophone, piccolo, alto flute, arranger
* Sam Falzone – tenor saxophone, clarinet, flute, arranger
* Jon Clarke – baritone saxophone, woodwinds
* Paul Bogosian, Jack Caudill, Bruce Mackay – trumpet
* Kenneth Nelson – French Horn
* Jim Sawyers – trombone
* Ken Sawhill – bass trombone
* Doug Bixby – contrabass trombone, tuba
* Milcho Leviev – piano, pianet, clavinet
* Dennis F. Parker – bass
* Ralph Humphrey, Ron Dunn – drums
* Lee Pastora – congas
* Earle Corry, Alfredo Ebat – violin
* Ellen Smith – viola
* Christine Ermacoff – cello
* Hank Levy – arranger
# Kenya Ordnance Factories Corporation

Kenya Ordnance Factories Corporation (KOFC) is a state-owned defense corporation which is headquartered in Eldoret–Kitale Road 20 km from Eldoret, Kenya.
# Ibantu

Ibantu is one of woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the East Welega Zone, Ibantu is bordered on the south by Limmu, on the west and north by the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, and on the east by Gida Kiremu. The administrative center of this woreda is Hinde.

## Overview

Important peaks in this district include Mount Charem and Mount Atebala. Rivers include the Moger, Welmel and Boye. Notable attractions include the Tarbi Cave and mount and Shara Falls. A survey of the land in this woreda shows that 64.4% is arable or cultivable, 10.7% pasture, 16.6% forest, and the remaining 8.3% are grouped under other uses. Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda. Over 50 square kilometers are planted with this crop.
Industry in the district includes one grain mill. Extracted minerals include gold, granite and clay. There were 11 Farmers Associations. Ibantu has 30 kilometers of dry weather road and no all-weather road, for an average of road density of 32.3 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. Since the completion of Hinde's water supply project in 1998, 6.2% of the total population has access to drinking water.
This district was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2004 as one of several areas for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas in the East Welega Zone. Together with Amuru Jarte, Bila Seyo, Gida Kiremu, Jimma Arjo, Limmu and Nunu Kumba, Ibantu became the new home for a total of 22,462 heads of households and 112,310 total family members.

## Demographics

The 2007 national census reported a total population for this district of 36,280, of whom 18,154 were men and 18,126 were women; 2,789 or 7.69% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants observed Protestantism, with 79.95% reporting that as their religion, while 17.26% observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.
Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this district has an estimated total population of 35,302, of whom 17,969 are men and 17,333 are women; 2,619 or 7.42% of its population are urban dwellers, which is greater than the Zone average of 13.9%. With an estimated area of 928.91 square kilometers, Ibantu has an estimated population density of 38 people per square kilometer, which is less than the Zone average of 81.4.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this district of 25,252, of whom 12,454 were men and 12,798 women; 1,466 or 5.81% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Ibantu were the Oromo (98.52%), and the Amhara (1.12%); all other ethnic groups made up 1.17% of the population. Oromiffa was spoken as a first language by 99.34%. The majority of the inhabitants were Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 79.07% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 20.76% of the population said they were Protestant.
# Reuthe

Reuthe is a municipality of the Bregenzerwald, in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is located in the district of Bregenz. Its main industry is tourism.

## Geography

One of the smallest towns in Vorarlberg, with respect to population and geography, Reuthe has an area of 10.24 km$^2$. 53.4% of the community area is forested, 11.6% is alpland.

## Culture

The parish church Hl. Jakobus was built in 1248. In 2002 a new organ was installed.
Reuthe is part of the Bregenzerwald Umgang (literally "Bregenzerwald Walking Tour"). This walking tour offers insights into the architecture and community planning of 12 traditional villages in the Bregenzerwald. While walking over various landscapes, visiting public buildings, homes and everyday objects, walkers gain a comprehensive overview of typical Bregenzerwald architectural styles as they developed throughout the ages.
# Karu Jain

Karuna "Karu" Jain (born 9 September 1985) is an Indian former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She appeared in five Test matches, 44 One Day Internationals and nine Twenty20 Internationals for India from 2004 to 2014. She scored one century and nine fifties in ODIs. She played domestic cricket for Karnataka, Air India, Nagaland and Pondicherry. She retired from cricket in July 2022.

## Early life

She was born in a family that appreciates sports. Her father was a competitive boxer and her mother played ball badminton.
# Flat network

A flat network is a computer network design approach that aims to reduce cost, maintenance and administration. Flat networks are designed to reduce the number of routers and switches on a computer network by connecting the devices to a single switch instead of separate switches. Unlike a hierarchical network design, the network is not physically separated using different switches.
The topology of a flat network is not segmented or separated into different broadcast areas by using routers. Some such networks may use network hubs or a mixture of hubs and switches, rather than switches and routers, to connect devices to each other. Generally, all devices on the network are a part of the same broadcast area.

## Uses

Flat networks are typically used in homes or small businesses where network requirements are low. Home networks usually do not require intensive security, or separation, because the network is often used to provide multiple computers access to the Internet. In such cases, a complex network with many switches is not required. Flat networks are also generally easier to administer and maintain because less complex switches or routers are being used. Purchasing switches can be costly, so flat networks can be implemented to help reduce the amount of switches that need to be purchased.

## Drawbacks

Flat networks provide some drawbacks, including:
* Poor security – Because traffic travels through one switch, it is not possible to segment the networks into sections and prevent users from accessing certain parts of the network. It is easier for hackers to intercept data on the network.
* No redundancy – Since there is usually one switch, or a few devices, it is possible for the switch to fail. Since there is no alternative path, the network will become inaccessible and computers may lose connectivity.
* Scalability and speed – Connecting all the devices to one central switch, either directly or through hubs, increases the potential for collisions (due to hubs), reduced speed at which the data can be transmitted and additional time for the central switch to process the data. It also scales badly and increases the chance of the network failing if excessive hubs are used and there are not enough switches to control the flow of the data through the network.
# Helen Jean Rogers

Helen Jean Rogers Secondari (September 27, 1928 – March 28, 1998) was an American television producer. She won five Emmy Awards and two Peabody Awards with her fellow producer and husband John H. Secondari.

## Biography

Helen Jean Rogers graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from the Catholic University of America. She received a Master of Arts from Radcliffe College and became one of the first female teaching fellows at Harvard University.
In 1961, Rogers married John H. Secondari with whom she co-produced Saga of Western Man. They had a daughter, Linda Helen. In addition she was step-mother to John's son, John Gerry, from his previous marriage. She died on March 28, 1998, in New York City.

## Filmography

* 1963 - Saga of Western Man (producer)
* 1967 - Christ Is Born (1967) (director)
* 1968 - Rehearsal for D-Day (1967) (director)
# Papias Malimba Musafiri

Papias Malimba Musafiri is a Rwandan academic, researcher and politician, who has served as the Minister of Education in the Rwandan cabinet, since 25 June 2015, replacing Prof. Silas Lwakabamba.

## Background and education

He holds a Bachelor of Commerce, obtained from the University of Dar es Salaam. He also holds a Master of Business Administration with majors in Finance and Information Technology, obtained from the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. His Doctor of Philosophy in management was awarded by Vellore Institute of Technology, also in India.

## Career

Circa 2001, Musafiri has served in various roles in academia, research and as a consultant. Prior to the establishment of the University of Rwanda (UR) in 2013, he held senior management positions in several institutions that today comprise the UR. He has served as (a) Director of Administration and Human Resources (b) Dean, Faculty of Management (c) Vice Rector Academics and (d) Acting Rector, in former institutions of higher education. Immediately prior to his appointment as education minister, he was the Principal of the College of Business and Economics (CBE) of the University of Rwanda.
In the cabinet reshuffle of 5 October 2016, and that of 31 August 2017, he was retained in cabinet and he retained the education portfolio. In his role as minister of education, he announced the termination and expulsion of Ugandan teachers from Rwanda, following the expiry of their teaching contracts.
# Otto Edholm

Otto Gustav Edholm (1909–1985) was a British physiologist who studied human responses to the environment. He was Professor of Physiology at the University of Western Ontario until 1947, when he was invited to head the Division of Human Physiology at the MRC National Institute of Medical Research at Hampstead. He was a leader in physiological research in the UK and his work was internationally recognised. The Otto Edholm award is given by The Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors to significant contributions to the application of ergonomics/human factors. Edholm Point in Antarctica is named after him.

## Early life

Born in 1909, Edholm was educated at Tonbridge School and studied medicine at St George's Hospital.

## Career

He was appointed as a lecturer in physiology at Queen's University Belfast where he developed a partnership with Professor Henry Barcroft. In the Second World War, Edholm and Barcroft studied the circulatory changes in man caused by severe haemorrhage. From 1944 to 1947, he was Professor of Physiology at the Royal Veterinary College before becoming the Chair of Physiology at the University of Western Ontario. He was invited to set up a Division of Human Physiology for the Medical Research Council at the National Institute for Medical Research in Hampstead, where Edholm and his team investigated survival in hot and cold climates, and later studied high altitudes and cold water immersion.
Upon retiring in 1974, Edholm became visiting professor at the School of Environmental Studies (now the Bartlett School of Architecture) at UCL where he researched problems with the 'built environment'. He co-ordinated the medical research programme of the British Antarctic Survey and in 1970 was awarded the Bellinghausen Medal of the Antarctic Research Committee of the USSR. He died peacefully at his home in Hungerford on 18 January 1985.

## Books

* Man in a Cold Environment with Alan Burton (1955)
* Exploration Medicine with A. L. Bacharach (1965)
* The Physiology of Human Survival with A.L. Bacharach (1965)
* The Biology of Work (1967)
* The Physiology of Human Survival (1967)
* Polar Human Biology (1973)
* Man, Hot and Cold (1978)
* Principles and Practice of Human Physiology with Joe Weiner (1981)
* Man in his Thermal Environment with Ray Clark (1985)