# Police village

A police village was a form of municipal government that was used in the province of Ontario, Canada in the early 19th century if the finances or the population of an area did not permit the creation of a village.

## Formation

In the early 19th century, the Parliament of Upper Canada established "boards of police" in municipalities that were not large enough to justify the creation of a municipal council.
The creation of "police villages" was authorized in 1850 upon the passage of the Baldwin Act by the Parliament of the Province of Canada, and was continued by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1873. The law relating to them remained essentially unchanged until 1965, when the ability to create new police villages was abolished.
The rules governing the formation of police villages were as follows:
* A county council, upon the petition of a sufficient number of property owners and tenants, could erect a locality into a police village, so long as it had a population of not less than 150, and an area of not more than 500 acres (200 ha).
* Where the locality straddled two or more counties, the council of the county that had the largest portion of the locality was the one that could establish the police village.
* If the area was less than 500 acres (200 ha), the council could later increase the size up to that limit.
* If the population later exceeded 500, upon the petition of two thirds of the owners and tenants, the area could be increased beyond that limit at the rate of 20 acres (8.1 ha) per 100 in population.
* If an expansion of a police village involved an extension into another county, it could not occur without the consent of the other county council.
* After the Ontario Municipal Board was established, such erections and expansions could not occur without its approval, and it also had direct power to erect and expand police villages if a county council has failed to act on a petition and if the locality was within one of the provisional judicial districts.
Almost all of the communities that once held that status have since been erected into villages, towns, or cities or amalgamated into other municipalities. Russell still exists as such a body.
Police villages were dissolved with provincial acts creating new municipalities. In 1971, the creation of York Region resulted in the dissolution of Holland Landing, King City, Maple, Mount Albert, Nobleton, Queensville, Schomberg, Sharon, Thornhill, and Unionville as police villages. The responsibilities of the police village boards were shifted to other boards or the municipality to which the police village was amalgamated. For example, the trustees of the police village of King City were deemed a commission for the King City Hydro-Electric System, which became a local board of the township of King with full transfer of all rights and obligations.

## Benefits of police village status

Police village status allowed a community to establish its own council to direct spending on local priorities, such as roadways, sidewalks, drainage, lighting, sanitation, fire protection, and policing.

## Police villages

Former police villages by historical county in Ontario :
| Historical County | Police village (with date of creation) |
| Brant County | Burford St. George Scotland Tutela (1914) |
| Carleton County | City View (1954) Cumberland Kenmore Manotick (1903) Metcalfe (1898) Navan North Gower (1905) Rockcliffe Park (1908) Osgoode (1910) Overbrook (1922) St-Joseph d'Orléans (1922) Ottawa West (1912) Sarsfield Stittsville (1956) Vars |
| Elgin County | Belmont Port Burwell (1900) |
| Essex County | Amherstburg Comber Cottam Harrow Seacliffe Stoney Point |
| Haldimand County | Canfield Fisherville Selkirk |
| Halton County | Bronte Campbellville (1914) Eden Mills (1930) |
| Hastings County | Belleville (1834) Frankford (1854) |
| Huron County | Auburn Crediton Centralia Dashwood |
| Kent County | Merlin |
| Lambton County | Brigden (unknown) Corunna (unknown) Inwood (unknown) Sombra |
| United Counties of Leeds & Grenville | Brockville (1832) Lyn Prescott (1834) Spencerville |
| Lincoln County | Campden Jordan Jordan Station Queenston St. Davids Smithville (1914) Vineland |
| Middlesex County | Kerwood Lambeth (unknown) |
| Norfolk County | St. Williams Vittoria |
| United Counties of Northumberland and Durham | Orono |
| Ontario County | Cannington (1870-1878) Claremont (1908-1968) Pickering (1900) Sunderland (1900) |
| Oxford County | Beachville Bright Burgessville Drumbo Innerkip Otterville Plattsville Princeton Thamesford Tillsonburg |
| Peel County | Alton (unknown) Caledon (Village) (unknown) Caledon East (1913) Inglewood (unknown) Malton (1914) Palgrave (unknown) |
| Perth County | Dublin |
| United Counties of Prescott and Russell | Embrun (1908) Russell (1898) |
| Renfrew County | Pembroke (1856) |
| Simcoe County | Angus Everett Hawkestone Hillsdale Nottawa Thornton |
| United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry | Aultsville Avonmore Williamsburg Winchester Springs |
| Victoria County | Coboconk Kinmount Kirkfield Pleasant Point |
| Waterloo County | Baden Conestoga Linwood St. Clements St. Jacobs |
| Welland County | Crystal Beach (1898) Fenwick |
| Wellington County | Belwood Hillsburgh Moorefield Rockwood (1903) |
| Wentworth County | Ancaster (1852) Freelton (unknown) Lynden (unknown) Mount Hope (unknown) |
| York County | Buttonville (unknown) Holland Landing (unknown) King City (1934$^{:75}$) Kingsdale Maple (1928) Mount Albert (unknown) Markham (Village) (1873) Mimico (1905) Nobleton (unknown) Queensville (unknown) Schomberg (25 March 1899) Sharon (unknown) Thistletown (1933) Thornhill (1931) Unionville (1907) |
* ↑ Since amalgamated with Brantford
* ↑ Shared with Middlesex County until 1949
* ↑ Shared with Wellington County until 1974
* ↑ Incorporated as a village in 1953, then amalgamated with the Town of Ajax in 1974
* ↑ Dissolved in 1968, on the erection of the Town of Mississauga
* ↑ established as a village in January 1911; erected into a town in May 1917 (An Act to incorporate the Town of Mimico, S.O. 1917, c. 77 ); amalgamated into the Borough of Etobicoke in January 1967 (The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto Amendment Act, 1966, S.O. 1966, c. 96, s. 14 )