OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Booted racket-tail

The booted racket-tails are a small group of hummingbirds in the genus Ocreatus that was long considered to have only one species, O. underwoodii. They are native to cloud forest edges in the South American Andes and Maritime Andes. They are relatively small (even compared to most other hummingbirds) and primarily iridescent green with white or rufous-buff leg-puffs ("boots"). The leg-puffs are more conspicuous in males, which also have a pair of dark bluish racket-shaped extensions to the tail.

## Taxonomy

The genus Ocreatus was described by John Gould in 1846. During the 19th century, several populations were described as different species, but since the mid-20th century authorities generally only recognized a single widespread species, O. underwoodii, with several subspecies. Research published in 2016, however, argued that three subspecies groups, addae, annae and peruanus, that are mostly allopatric (only peruanus and underwoodii have ranges that are known to very locally come into contact) were sufficiently different for raising them to species level. The research results have been mostly accepted by the International Ornithological Union, with more data required for the species status of Anna's racket-tail (annae), which they instead regard as a subspecies of O. addae. The American Ornithological Society has yet to recognize the split and continue to place all in a single widespread species.

### Species

The genus contains three species:
Genus Ocreatus – Gould, 1846 – three species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Peruvian racket-tail Male Female | Ocreatus peruanus (Gould, 1849) | eastern Ecuador and northern Peru | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Rufous-booted racket-tail Male | Ocreatus addae (Bourcier, 1846) | southern Peru (annae) and Bolivia (addae) | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| White-booted racket-tail Male Female | Ocreatus underwoodii (Lesson, 1832) Five subspecies O. u. polystictus Todd (1942) O. u. discifer Heine (1863) O. u. underwoodii Lesson (1832) O. u. incommodus Kleinschmidt (1943) O. u. melanantherus Jardine (1851) | northwestern Venezuela, Colombia and western Ecuador | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
# Gheorghe Hioară

Gheorghe Hioară (15 August 1948 – 15 December 2024) was a Moldovan diplomat and politician. He was the ambassador to Belarus from 2010 to 2017.

## Life and career

Hioară was born on 15 August 1948, in the Moldovan SSR. He studied at Moscow State University between 1997 and 2003. In 1997, he was appointed a member of the embassy staff in Bulgaria and became the Ambassador of Moldova to Bulgaria in 1998. He would maintain this position until 2003. He served as a member of the Parliament of Moldova and ambassador to Bulgaria (1998–2003). Hioară was appointed to the position of Ambassador of Moldova to Belarus in July 2010 and several months later, he was appointed the Permanent Representative of Moldova in CIS statutory bodies. He was recalled on 24 March 2017. Apart from his native Romanian, Hioară spoke Russian, French, Bulgarian.
Hioară died on 15 December 2024, at the age of 76.
# Bianca Silva

Bianca Silva (born 22 July 1998) is a Brazilian rugby sevens player.

## Rugby career

Silva competed in the women's tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She represented Brazil at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town, they placed eleventh overall.
She was named in the Brazilian women's sevens team that will compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.
# Apolonia Litwińska

Apolonia Litwińska (née Osikowicz; 25 July 1928 – 20 January 2021) was a Polish chess player who won the Polish Women's Chess Championship in 1961.

## Chess career

In the 1950s and 1960s Apolonia Litwińska was one of the leading Polish women chess players. From 1951 to 1982 she played nineteen times in the Polish Women's Chess Championship's finals. Apolonia Litwińska won four medals: gold (1961), silver (1952 - lost an additional match to Krystyna Hołuj - 1½:4½) and two bronze (1951, 1969). In 1951 she won gold medal in Polish Team Chess Championships. She was awarded the National Master title in 1953.
# Cristóbal de Vergara Azcárate

Cristóbal de Vergara Azcárate y Caycedo (1766–1831) was a Colombian lawyer, professor, accountant and politician who graduated from Del Rosario University in Bogotá. Vergara served as Minister of Finance, governor of Cundinamarca, Cauca (1825) and Boyacá, designated by President Francisco de Paula Santander. He also was the administrator of the sea salt mines of Zipaquirá during the presidency of Simón Bolívar. Between 1795 and 1804, Vergara worked as the Accountant of the Royal Accounts and administered the prominent monopoly of Aguardiente.
He was persecuted by the Spaniards in the Reconquista of 1816.
Cristóbal de Vergara Azcárate was the brother of president Felipe de Vergara and the uncle of president Estanislao Vergara.
# Turanian languages

Turanian is an obsolete language-family proposal subsuming most of the languages of Eurasia not included in Indo-European, Semitic and Chinese. During the 19th century, inspired by the establishment of the Indo-European family, scholars looked for similarly widespread families elsewhere. Building on the work of predecessors such as Rasmus Rask and Matthias Castrén, Max Müller proposed the Turanian grouping primarily on the basis of the incidence of agglutinative morphology, naming it after Turan, an ancient Persian term for the lands of Central Asia. The languages he included are now generally assigned to nine separate language families.

## Classification

In 1730, von Strahlenberg, relying on structural similarities of languages, proposed a group of "Tatar languages" spanning northern and central Eurasia and the languages of the Caucasus. In 1832, Rask added Basque and languages of Greenland and North America to von Strahlenberg's grouping, labelling the resulting group the "Scythian languages". Rask also added the Dravidian languages to this grouping on the basis of similarities in grammatical structure, postulating that the Scythian languages had once stretched from the Arctic Ocean to the Indian Ocean before being split by the intrusion of Indo-Aryan languages.
Müller added even more languages to this group. He viewed the structure of the family as follows:
* Turanian
** Northern Division (Ural-Altaic)
*** Tungusic
*** Mongolic
*** Turkic
*** Samoyedic
*** Finnic
** Southern Division
*** Taic
*** Malaic (Malayo-Polynesian)
*** Bhotîya (Tibeto-Burman)
**** Gangetic
**** Lohitic
*** Munda
*** Tamulic (Dravidian)
He left Japonic, Koreanic, Koryak, Itelmen and various languages of the Caucasus unclassified, but suggested that they might have a common origin with Turanian. He preferred to call Turanian a "language group", feeling that it was less tightly bound than "language families" like Indo-European and Semitic.

## Reception

Linguists no longer consider typological features a sufficient criterion for the identification of language families. Such features are commonly shared by unrelated languages across the world, and also spread by interaction between unrelated languages.
The proposal of a relationship between Ural-Altaic and Dravidian persisted in some late 19th century scholarship, but in the absence of further development, was considered an idle hypothesis already by the early 20th. The Ural-Altaic hypothesis was itself abandoned early in the 20th century. The Altaic theory linking Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic is also rejected by most scholars. The combination of the Samoyedic and Finnic (Finno-Ugric) classes form the modern Uralic family, which is firmly established. Each of the five classes of Müller's southern division are now considered to belong to separate language families, Tai–Kadai, Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan, Austroasiatic and Dravidian respectively.
The term "Turanian" remained for a time also a synonym for the Ural-Altaic hypothesis.
# R. L. Hayman

William Rollo Lenden Hayman, Sub Warden of S. Thomas' College Mt Lavinia and Founder Headmaster of S Thomas' College Gurutalawa, was a teacher known for being a founder and benefactor to education in Sri Lankan Anglican Schools. He was appointed a MBE for his services to education.

## Early life and family

William Rollo Lenden Hayman was born on 14 December 1902 at Clapham, South London the son of William Hayman a doctor of Medicine. The Hayman family moved to Brighton and then to Bournemouth. Hayman went to Wychwood Preparatory School and between 1914 – 1918 was a boarder at Sherborne School in Dorset. He left Sherbourne to attend Oxford University where he read Physics and stayed on to complete a PhD. He then trained as a teacher in North London for ministry in the Anglican Church in Ceylon.

## S. Thomas’ College

Hayman came to Ceylon through the offices of Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. His services were first sought by Trinity College, Kandy but he eventually joined the staff of S.Thomas' College, Mt. Lavinia in 1929. Hayman served as Sub Warden from 1935-1957 (with R. S. de Saram) and is the longest serving sub warden in the school's history. He is credited with founding a branch of the College at Gurutalawa, initiating Scouting at S Thomas' College, donating a swimming pool and the Fives Courts to the College (now converted into a basketball ball court near the lower school block).
Warden K. C. McPherson (Warden 1926-1930) wrote of the recruitment of Dr Hayman and his generosity as a benefactor to the college as
"In the year 1928 I went to England on short leave, and while I was there I met four men (Dr R. L. Hayman, Rev. A. J. Foster, Rev J. G. Elliot, and W. T. Keble) who wanted to return with me to Ceylon; they came and subsequently became members of the staff. One was Rollo Hayman, Doctor of Science of Oxford, who gave many years of devoted service and who also made some generous gifts to the College, notably the Swimming Bath and I believe, the Fives Courts.". Hayman met Mary Rudd a military nurse who was hiking from the army camp in Diyatalawa and they were married in England in 1945. On their return Mrs Hayman assumed duties as Matron of the sick room.

## Honours

Hayman returned to England in 1963 and was appointed a MBE in the New Year Honours List in 1964. His citation lists him as late Headmaster of S Thomas College Gurutalawa and not as sub-warden of S Thomas College Mt Lavinia. The annual water polo match between Royal and S Thomas is played for the RL Hayman trophy.
Hayman died in Bournemouth on the night of 7 May 1983 survived by his wife Mary who died at the age of 94 on 17 November 2008. Mrs Hayman's bequest to the college was invested in the Hayman Foundation in memory of Dr and Mrs Hayman. The commemorative plaque at the entrance to the Science laboratory he donated reads "To spend and be spent in the service of others was his greatest privilege".
# Daniel Sheffey

Daniel Sheffey (1770 – December 3, 1830) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.

## Biography

He was born in Frederick in the Province of Maryland to Johann Adam Schieffe, a cobbler, and his wife Magdelena Loehr of Südwestpfalz, Germany. They had immigrated to the Province of Maryland about 1764. Largely self-educated, Sheffey pursued classical studies. Apprenticed as a shoemaker in his father's shop, he spent his leisure hours observing nature and the mysteries of astronomy; upon attaining his majority, he walked to Winchester, Virginia and began plying his trade until he built up his resources. He moved to Wytheville, Virginia, in 1791.
He worked at his trade, all the while he attained a reputation for quick wit and immense intellect. Finally, he was received as a student into the office of Alexander Smyth, Esq. an eminent lawyer in that part of the state, and afterwards commander of the northern army during the War of 1812. He was admitted to the bar July 1, 1802, and commenced the practice of his profession in Wytheville. He moved to Staunton, Virginia where he continued the practice of law. He served as member of the Virginia State House of Delegates 1800–1804. He served in the Virginia State senate, 1804–1808.
Sheffey was elected as a Federalist to the Eleventh and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1817).
On January 30, 1812, he married Maria Hanson, the daughter of Lt. Col. Samuel Hanson of Mulberry Grove, Maryland and great-niece to John Hanson, President of the Continental Congress. In 1814, Sheffey was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society. He was again a member of the Virginia State House of Delegates in 1822 and 1823.
He died at the Warm Springs, Virginia on December 3, 1830, while on his way from Greenbrier Chancery Court to his home in Staunton, Virginia. He was buried in the churchyard at Trinity Episcopal Church (Staunton, Virginia).

## Electoral history

* 1809; Sheffey was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 66.56% of the vote, defeating Democrat Republican Francis Preston.
* 1811; Sheffey was re-elected unopposed.
* 1813; Sheffey was re-elected unopposed.
* 1815; Sheffey was re-elected unopposed.
# Deschamps

Deschamps (French pronunciation:, traditional English pronunciation: /ˈdɛʃən/ DESH-ən) is a common family name of French origin, which means "from the fields", from the French word champ = "field".
* Adolphe Deschamps (1807–1875), Belgian statesman and publisher
* Carlos Romero Deschamps (born 1944), Mexican politician
* Didier Deschamps (born 1968), French football player and manager
* Émile Deschamps (1791–1871), French poet
* Eustache Deschamps (1328–1415), French poet
* Fernand Deschamps (1868-1957), Belgian intellectual
* François-Michel-Chrétien Deschamps (1683–1747), French playwright
* Georges A. Deschamps (1911–1998), French American electrical engineer
* Gérard Deschamps (born 1937), French artist
* Gérard-Joseph Deschamps (1929-2022), Canadian Roman Catholic prelate
* Hubert Deschamps (1923–1998), French actor, uncle of Jérôme
* Jérôme Deschamps (born 1947), French actor, director and opera manager
* Johanne Deschamps (born 1959), Canadian politician
* Léger Marie Deschamps (1716–1774), French philosopher and Benedictine monk
* Louis Auguste Deschamps (1765-1842), French botanist and surgeon whose standard author abbreviation is Deschamps
* Marie Deschamps (born 1952), Canadian jurist
* Noël Deschamps (1908–2005), Australian diplomat
* Paul Deschamps (1888–1974), French medievalist, father of Hubert
* Robert Deschamps (born 1940), Canadian politician
* Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps (1810–1883), Belgian cardinal and archbishop
* Yvon Deschamps (born 1935), Canadian author and humorist
# Bogumiła Pajor

Bogumiła Pajor (born 21 June 1960) is a Polish field hockey player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Alfred Forbes

Alfred Forbes was Dean of Ferns from 1936 until 1949. Forbes was educated at Trinity College Dublin and ordained in 1921. After a curacies in Enniscorthy and Preban he held incumbencies at Carnew and Kilscoran until his appointment as Dean.
# Vlkyňa

Vlkyňa (Hungarian: Velkenye) is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.
# Samuel Gottesman

David Samuel Gottesman (February 22, 1884 – April 21, 1956) was a Hungarian-born, American pulp-paper merchant, financier and philanthropist. He was generally known as Samuel Gottesman or D. Samuel Gottesman.

## Biography

He was born to a Jewish family on February 22, 1884, to Mendel Gottesman and Sarah Fischgrund in Munkacs, in Bereg County, Hungary, (present-day Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine). In 1885, Gottesman emigrated to the United States and later joined his father's paper-making business, M. Gottesman & Company.
Samuel Gottesman died on April 21, 1956.

## Banking

He was also a successful banker, organizing the Central National Bank in New York City. Today, through a series of mergers, the bank became amalgamated into JPMorgan Chase & Co. Further, he became the director of the Eastern Corporation and of Rayonier Inc.

## Philanthropy

Gottesman became well known for his generous philanthropy. His monetary gifts extended to the New York Public Library and numerous Jewish organizations and institutions, including the D. Samuel Gottesman Library at Yeshiva University, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, in New York City.
One of his highest-profile gifts was the donation of the Dead Sea Scrolls to the State of Israel, where they are housed in the Shrine of the Book. His sister-in-law, Esther G. Gottesman, perceived the importance of the scrolls and encouraged him to purchase and donate them to Israel. The shrine, located adjacent to the Israel Museum in western Jerusalem, was funded by a foundation established by Gottesman's children as a memorial to their father.

## Family

Samuel Gottesman was the uncle of billionaire David Gottesman, the grandfather of sports psychologist Steven Ungerleider, and the great grandfather of physician and film producer, Shoshana R. Ungerleider.
His wife, Jeane Herskovits Gottesman, died of cancer in 1942 at age 49, a year after his granddaughter Jenifer was born. She likewise died of cancer, in 1991.
His daughter, Celeste Ruth Gottesman (1913–2013), was a wealthy modern-art collector and museum and library benefactor who resided in New York City. Her first husband was Jerome John Altman, whom she divorced in 1935 and then married American architect and philanthropist Armand Phillip Bartos. Celeste also established the Pinewood Foundation in 1958, named after her father's estate in Lawrence, Long Island, New York.
# Van der Velden

Van der Velden is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "from the fields". In 2007, there were over 10,000 people with this name in The Netherlands. Among variations on this name are Vandervelden (primarily in Belgium), Vander Velden, Van de Velden, Van den Velden, Van der Velde, Van de Velde, Vandervelde, Vandevelde, and Van Velden. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arie van der Velden (1881–1967), Dutch competitive sailor
* Audrey Vandervelden (born 1954), Canadian volleyball player
* Bianca van der Velden (born 1976), Dutch synchronized swimmer
* Brooke van Velden, New Zealand politician
* Eline Van der Velden (born 1986), Dutch comedian, writer, actress and producer in England
* Hugo van der Velden (born 1963), Dutch art historian
* Johannes Joseph van der Velden (1891–1954), German Catholic theologian and Bishop of Aachen
* Junior van der Velden (born 1998), Dutch football defender
* Logan Vander Velden (born 1971), American basketball player
* Marly van der Velden (born 1988), Dutch actor and fashion designer
* Mieneke van der Velden (born 1962), Dutch gambist (viola de gamba player)
* Monique van der Velden (born 1973), Dutch figure skater
* Nick van der Velden (born 1981), Dutch football midfielder
* Niek van der Velden (born 2000), Dutch snowboarder
* Nicole van der Velden (born 1994), Aruban competitive sailor
* Petrus Van der Velden (1837–1913), Dutch painter who emigrated to New Zealand in 1890
* Piet van der Velden (1899–1975), Dutch water polo player
* Sonja van der Velden (born 1976), Dutch synchronized swimmer
# Diabetic dermadrome

Diabetic dermadromes constitute a group of cutaneous conditions commonly seen in people with diabetes with longstanding disease. Conditions included in this group are:
   * Acral dry gangrene
   * Carotenosis
   * Diabetic dermopathy
   * Diabetic bulla
   * Diabetic cheiroarthropathy
   * Malum perforans
   * Necrobiosis lipoidica
   * Limited joint mobility is observed in roughly 30% of people with diabetes with longstanding disease.
   * Scleredema
   * Waxy skin is observed in roughly 50%.
# Filipinos in Norway

Filipinos in Norway comprise expatriates and migrants from the Philippines to Norway and their locally-born descendants. As of 2019, there are approximately 25,000 Filipinos in Norway.

## Economy and employment

Nearly 75% of Filipinos in Norway are sea-based and working in the maritime industry. The other 25% of land-based Filipinos in Norway are employed in the health care industry as physicians and nurses, in the information technology sector, in the petroleum industry as engineers, as au pairs or domestic workers, or as business, non-governmental organization and government support staff. Filipinos are granted about 70% of au pair permits that are issued in Norway.
In 2011, Filipinos in Norway officially sent a total of nearly $352.8 million USD in remittances back to the Philippines (US$294.1 sea-based and US$57.8 land-based), after a peak of $372.5 million USD in remittances in 2010. This was the fourth-largest 2011 total in Europe after Italy, the United Kingdom, and Germany and the second-largest sea-based total for all nations except for the United States. Three Filipino banks have correspondent accounts with banks in Norway to allow for remittance transfers.

## Society and culture

Due to the number of Filipinos living in Norway and increased economic cooperation between Norway and the Philippines, the Philippine government opened an embassy in Oslo in 2007, which also represents Filipino interests in Denmark, Sweden and Iceland.
Since 2007, the Drammen Filipino Dance Group has organized Filippinsk Kulturaften, a Filipino cultural show, held annually in Drammen. In addition, Philippine holidays, such as Independence Day, commemorating the Philippine Declaration of Independence, are celebrated in Norway. Since 2011, hundreds of people have attended annual parades and other celebrations in Oslo to mark the occasion.
# Danuta Rosani

Danuta Rosani (born 30 April 1951) is a Polish athlete. She competed in the women's discus throw at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Governor of Davao del Norte

The governor of Davao del Norte (Filipino: Punong Panlalawigan ng Davao del Norte), is the chief executive of the provincial government of Davao del Norte.

## List of governors

| | Governor | Term |
| 1 | Verulo Boiser | 1967–1977 |
| 2 | Gregorio Dujali | 1977–1986 |
| 3 | Prospero Amatong | 1986–1987 |
| 4 | Romeo Jardenico | 1987 |
| 5 | Jesus Albacite | 1987–1988 |
| 6 | Cecilia de la Paz | 1988 |
| (3) | Prospero Amatong | 1988–1998 |
| 7 | Anecito Solis | 1998 |
| 8 | Rodolfo del Rosario | 1998–2004 |
| 9 | Gelacio Gementiza | 2004–2007 |
| (8) | Rodolfo del Rosario | 2007–2016 |
| 10 | Antonio Rafael del Rosario | 2016–2019 |
| 11 | Edwin Jubahib | 2019–present |
| – | De Carlo Uy | April 11, 2024–present |
# Life and Nothing But

Life and Nothing But (French: La vie et rien d'autre) is a 1989 French film directed by Bertrand Tavernier. It was inspired by the novel by Albanian writer Ismail Kadare titled The General of the Dead Army.

## Synopsis

Set in October 1920, it tells the story of Major Delaplane, a man whose job is to find the identities of unknown dead soldiers after World War I. He encounters two women looking for their lost men: Irène, an aristocrat, and Alice, a country girl. The movie is a sensitive examination of the deep psychological scars left behind by the war, clear of sentiment yet with delicately nuanced irony.

## Cast

* Philippe Noiret - Commandant Delaplane
* Sabine Azéma - Irène de Courtil
* Pascale Vignal - Alice
* Maurice Barrier - Mercadot
* François Perrot - Capitaine Perrin
* Jean-Pol Dubois - André
* Frédéric Pierrot - Marcel
* Jean-Paul Comart - Fagot
* Daniel Russo - Lieutenant Trévise
* Michel Duchaussoy - Général Villerieux
* Pascal Elso - The blind

## Production

Principal Photography began on 1 November 1988.

## Awards

The film was nominated for numerous awards. It won the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language. It was also nominated for 11 César Awards, winning for Best Actor (Philippe Noiret) and Best Music.

## Other films based on the book

* The General of the Dead Army (Italian: Il generale dell'armata morta) is a 1983 Italian film starring Michel Piccoli, based on the novel, directed by Luciano Tovoli.
* The Return of the Dead Army (Albanian: Kthimi i Ushtrise se Vdekur) is a 1989 Albanian film starring Bujar Lako, based on the novel, directed by Dhimitër Anagnosti.