OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Augsburg Chalk Circle

"The Augsburg Chalk Circle" (German: Der Augsburger Kreidekreis) is a short story written in 1940 by Bertolt Brecht. The story derives from The Chalk Circle, a 14th-century play by Li Xingdao, and can be seen as a "first draft" for Brecht's subsequent play, The Caucasian Chalk Circle.

## Plot
### Summary

The story is set during the Thirty Years War. Zingli, a Protestant of means, delays leaving his home in Augsburg until the Catholic forces are plundering the city. His wife spends too much time packing her clothes, and so is forced to flee emptyhanded, leaving the child behind. Their maid, Anna, a simple girl, rescues the child and flees to her brother's farm in the country.
To avoid humiliation as an unwed mother, Anna claims that she is waiting for her husband to return for her. Given the nature of the war, the ruse is plausible for a time, but eventually, to avoid suspicion and possible eviction, she feels compelled to produce a husband. She marries a man who is on his deathbed, expecting to be a widow soon; however, he recovers and she must live with him for a few years.
When the war ends, Frau Zingli returns to reclaim her son. Ignatz Dollinger, a wise judge, cannot determine who is the real mother, so enacts a version of the Judgment of Solomon. The child is placed inside a chalk circle with two ropes tied around him: one in the hands of each claimant. Anna is unwilling to risk harm to the child, so pulls only lightly, while Frau Zingli pulls with force that could have "ripped the child in two." Although Anna appears to have lost the contest, the wise judge rules that, having shown the greater love, Anna is the fit and rightful mother.

### Differences from the original

While the essential form of the story and its resolution remain the same as in the original play, there are several important differences. Most obviously, the setting is changed from Imperial China to Germany, but the period chosen (the greatest civil war in the turbulent history of that country) has important consequences for the story.
Notably:
* The cause of the conflict is not personal (jealousy), but political (the division between Catholics and Protestants).
* The heroine must engage in a deception to preserve her status in the community.
* The nature of the heroine's claim on the child is changed from biological mother to de facto adoption.
* The just reason to deny the wife's claim is changed from lack of biological status to neglect: she loses control of the child because she is more concerned with her clothes than with her maternal duty.
* The Imperial intervention at the end of the story becomes unnecessary and out of place, and is therefore dropped.
# Malina Debnath

Malina Debnath (born 1976) is an Indian politician from Tripura. She was a Member of Tripura Legislative Assembly from Jubarajnagar Assembly constituency in North Tripura district.

## Personal life

Debnath earned a Master of Arts in Bengali from Tripura University in 2001.

## Career

Debnath won the 2022 Tripura byelection representing Bharatiya Janata Party from Jubarajnagar Assembly constituency by a margin of 4,572 votes. She took oath on 28 June 2022. However, she lost the 2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election on BJP ticket to Sailendra Chandra Nath of CPI (M) by a narrow margin 296 votes.
# Sipi Falls

Sipi Falls is a series of three waterfalls located on the north-western slopes of the eponymous extinct volcano, Mount Elgon, in Uganda, with views over the Karamoja plains. The falls are situated to the northeast of Sironko and Mbale, adjacent to Mount Elgon National Park, which is located 1.7 kilometers (1 mile) away from the Kenyan border. The falls account for 10% to 20% of all tourist visits to Uganda every year.
At its highest point, the largest of the three waterfalls, known as Sipi Falls, stands at 95 meters (312 feet) high. The middle waterfall – known as Simba Falls, lies further upstream to the east. This waterfall has a drop of 74 m (243 ft). Further uphill is the third waterfall, known as Ngasire Falls, with a drop of approximately 85 m (262 ft).

## Location

The falls are located two miles northeast of the town of Sipi, 273.6 km (170 mi) northeast of the Ugandan capital of Kampala. The falls were formed by the Sipi River flowing from the upper slopes of Mount Elgon, and terminate in the Lake Kyoga basin.

## Name origin

The term "Sipi" is thought to have its origins in the local word sep, which denotes an indigenous plant resembling a wild banana after the Sipi River. This plant is commonly found along the Sipi riverbank and is characterized by its translucent, green fronds featuring a crimson rib, giving it an appearance reminiscent of a wild banana. The plant is also used as a medicine for treating fevers and measles by the local people in the area.

## Economy

The Sipi Falls area grows Bugisu Arabica coffee, which is profitable for the local people.
# Padmavati

Padmāvatī may refer to:

## Deities

* Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of fortune
* Padmavati (Hinduism), or Alamelu Manga, a Hindu goddess and consort of Venkateshvara, a form of Vishnu
* Manasa, a Hindu serpent goddess
* Padmavati (Jainism), a Jain attendant goddess (Yakshini)
* Padmavati, consort of Ugrasena and mother of Kamsa
* Padmavati, a regional wife of Karna

## Arts and media

* Padmavat, a 1540 epic ballad written in the Awadhi dialect of Hindi
* Padmavati (poem), a 1648 epic ballad written in the Bengali language
* Padmaavat, formerly titled Padmavati, a 2018 Indian film
** Padmaavat (soundtrack)
* Padmâvatî (opera), by French composer Albert Roussel
* Padmāvatī, in Bhasa's Svapnavasavadattam

## People

* Padmavati (wife of Ashoka), (North Indian tradition), Ashoka's third wife and Kunala's mother
* Rani Padmini, also known as Padmavati, a legendary queen of Chittor and wife of the ruler Ratan Singh, celebrated in the Padmavat
* S. I. Padmavati (born 1917), Indian cardiologist and recipient of the Padma Vibhushan

## Other uses

* Padmavati Pawaya, an ancient city mentioned in Sanskrit classics and inscriptions
* Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, a university in Tirupati named after the Hindu goddess
# Generation Climate Europe

Generation Climate Europe (GCE) is a coalition of major European youth organizations aiming to advocate for more climate action from European institutions.

## History

Generation Climate Europe was launched in September 2019 by youth activists like Nathan Méténier. The founding members of GCE are FIMCAP Europe, ESU, YEE, CliMates and AEGEE. In the meanwhile, a series of other major youth organizations have joined the coalition.

## Core demands

Generation Climate Europe was founded to unite the voices and efforts of Europe's major IYNGOs to advocate together toward the European institutions for more climate action. The coalition has formulated the following core demands:
* The European shall declare a climate emergency. Climate action needs to be mainstreamed in the policies of the EU. All decisions shall be evaluated on their climate impact.
* Young people shall be included in decision-making processes like the process of drafting the European Green Deal.
* The EU shall enhance its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) before 2020 to align with a maximum 1.5 °C increase. The EU should also immediately adopt a long-term climate strategy for carbon neutrality, at the latest at the next European Council in October 2019. (Dates are now in the past)
* Fossil fuel subsidies and new fossil fuel projects shall be terminated immediately. The EU needs a fast and comprehensive transition to clean renewable energy only.
* The costs incurred by the transition to a more sustainable society and economy in the short-term must be distributed in a socially equitable manner. Those who can afford the most need to commit the most.
* GCE demands that more investment and focus is put into providing Europe wide sustainable transport networks. The current infrastructure shall be modernised in order to keep up with the demand for sustainable travel and to lower transport costs. Night trains should be reintroduced and a tax on kerosene should be implemented.
* More emphasis shall be placed on education as a means to empower the youth and give them the tools to achieving a carbon-neutral and circular economy.

## Member organizations

| Name | Acronym | Status |
| International Federation of Catholic Parochial Youth Movements | FIMCAP | Founding member |
| European Students' Union | ESU | Founding member |
| Youth and Environment Europe | YEE | Founding member |
| CliMates | Climates | Founding member |
| Association des Etats Généraux des Etudiants de l'Europe | AEGEE | Founding member |
| International Young Naturefriends | IYNF | Member |
| Organising Bureau of European School Student Unions | OBESSU | Member |
| Erasmus Student Network | ESN | Member |
| Young European Federalists | JEF Europe | Member |
# All of This and Nothing

All of This and Nothing is the first compilation album by the English rock band the Psychedelic Furs, released in the U.K. August 1, 1988 by Columbia Records. The album has 14 songs, including one — "All That Money Wants" — recorded specifically for the collection.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Record Mirror | |
| Robert Christgau | A |
| Rolling Stone | |
The album peaked at No. 67 in the UK Albums Chart and No. 102 in the US Billboard 200 chart. AllMusic writer Michael Sutton said the album "effectively summarizes the Psychedelic Furs' evolution from a left-of-center British rock band to a stylish alternative pop act". A Rolling Stone review was critical of the album for omitting too many of the band's early singles, such as "Run and Run" and "Into You Like a Train", though it also called All of This and Nothing their best album to include "The Ghost in You" and "Heaven".

## Track listing

* "President Gas" (John Ashton, Richard Butler, Tim Butler, Vince Ely) - 5:16
* "All That Money Wants" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler) - 3:46
* "Imitation of Christ" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler, Ely, Duncan Kilburn, Roger Morris) - 5:29
* "Sister Europe" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler, Ely, Kilburn, Morris) - 5:41
* "Love My Way" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler, Ely) - 3:33
* "No Easy Street" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler, Ely) - 4:03
* "Highwire Days" (Ashton, R. Butler) - 4:03
* "She Is Mine" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler, Ely, Kilburn, Morris) - 3:52
* "Dumb Waiters" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler, Ely, Kilburn, Morris) - 5:06
* "Pretty in Pink" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler, Ely, Kilburn, Morris) - 3:59
* "The Ghost in You" (R. Butler, T. Butler) - 4:16
* "Heaven" (R. Butler, T. Butler) - 3:27
* "Heartbreak Beat" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler) - 5:11
* "All of This and Nothing" (Ashton, R. Butler, T. Butler, Ely, Kilburn, Morris) - 6:25

## Chart performance

Album
| Year | Country | Chart | Position |
| 1988 | UK | UK Albums Chart | 67 |
| 1988 | U.S. | Billboard 200 | 102 |
Single
| Year | Single | Country | Chart | Position |
| 1988 | "All That Money Wants" | U.S. | Billboard Modern Rock Tracks | 1 |
| 1988 | "All That Money Wants" | UK | UK Singles Chart | 75 |
# List of deputy chief ministers of Nagaland

The deputy chief minister of Nagaland is a member of the Cabinet of Nagaland Government in the Government of Nagaland. Not a constitutional office, it seldom carries any specific powers. A deputy chief minister usually also holds a cabinet portfolio such as home minister or finance minister. In the parliamentary system of government, the chief minister is treated as the "first among equals" in the cabinet; the position of deputy chief minister is used to bring political stability and strength within a coalition government.

## List of deputy chief ministers

| Sr. No. | Name (constituency) | Term of office | Term of office | Term of office | Political party | Chief Minister |
| 1 | RC Chiten Jamir (Arkakong) | 1987 | 1989 | 2 years | Indian National Congress | Hokishe Sema |
| 2 | IK Sema | 1989 | 1990 | 1 year | Nagaland People's Council | Vamuzo |
| 3 | Yanthungo Patton (Tyüi) | 8 March 2018 | Incumbent | 6 years, 285 days | Bharatiya Janata Party | Neiphiu Rio |
| 4 | T. R. Zeliang (Peren) | 7 March 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 286 days | Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party | Neiphiu Rio |
# Ministry of Commerce (Somaliland)

The Ministry of Commerce, Industries and Tourism of the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Wasaaradda Ganacsiga, Warshadaha iyo Dalxiiska Somaliland) (Arabic: وزارة التجارة) is a cabinet ministry in the government of Somaliland. which is concerned with the regulation and implementation of policies applicable to domestic and foreign trade. The current minister is Mohamoud Hassan Saad (Saajin)

## Ministers

| Minister | In Office |
| Abdirizak Khalif Ahmed | 27 July 2010 – 25 June 2013 |
| Mohammad Abdullahi Omar | 25 June 2013 – 20 May 2014 |
| Musa Kassim Omer | 20 May 2014 - 15 August 2016 |
| Omar Shoaib Mohamed | 15 August 2016 - 14 December 2017 |
| Mohamoud Hassan Saad Saajin | 14 December 2017 – Present |
abdirahman hassan nour 14.11.2024
# Przezchlebie

Przezchlebie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbrosławice, within Tarnowskie Góry County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Zbrosławice, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Tarnowskie Góry, and 26 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.
# Edit Stift

Edit Stift (born 9 April 1980) is a Hungarian rower. She competed in the women's lightweight double sculls event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Julius Aamisepp

Julius Aamisepp (1 September 1883 Karilepa, Harju County – 19 January 1950 Jõgeva) was an Estonian horticulturalist, agricultural scientist, revolutionary, and soldier.

## Biography

Aamisepp was born in 1883 in Harju County. Upon graduation from elementary school, Aamisepp's education became militarily focused, with Aamisepp being set on joining the Imperial Russian Army. After graduating from secondary school in 1903, Aamisepp enrolled in a military electrical engineering school in St. Petersburg. While in St. Petersburg, Aamisepp became involved with a revolutionary movement inside Russia. He was expelled from the academy he was attending and briefly imprisoned, but was later allowed to return to military service on the condition that he remain under surveillance.
Rather than remain in the military, Aamisepp chose instead to return to Estonia to study horticulture; he soon developed a hobby of growing potatoes, which he cultivated near his family's home. He experimented on the Imperator variety of potato, eventually leading to him developing his own variety. Dubbed the "Kalevipoeg", the new potato variety yielded a crop 58% larger than the Imperator. When the First World War broke out in 1914, Aamisepp rejoined the Imperial Army and was commissioned as an artillery officer. When the October Revolution resulted in the collapse of the Russian state, Amisepp joined the burgeoning Estonian Independence movement, helping to organize new army units.
Following the end of the First World War, Aamisepp began working at the Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute to develop new varieties of potatoes. Notably, Amisepp developed the Jõgeva Yellow, a popular variety of potato in Estonia. In addition to developing the Jõgeva Yellow, Aamisepp bred apples, peas, beans, beetroot, buckwheat, onions, currants, and pears.
He died in Jõgeva in 1950.
# Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium

Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium is a remix album by Mike E. Clark and Insane Clown Posse, released August 14, 2012, prepackaged with the White Pop variant edition of The Mighty Death Pop!

## Background

On April 20, 2012, Psychopathic Records released an infomercial for the album The Mighty Death Pop!, announcing that it will be available in three separate editions, each with a variant color cover and prepackaged with a bonus album. The third variant, the White Pop edition, contains the remix album Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium, which features remixes, outtakes and leftover songs recorded during The Mighty Death Pop! sessions; these tracks include appearances by Kottonmouth Kings, Three 6 Mafia, Color Me Badd, Ice Cube, Scarface, Geto Boys, Twiztid, Kreayshawn, Swollen Members, Willie D, Jamie Madrox, & Blaze Ya Dead Homie.
On July 19, 2012, 30 second snippets of The Mighty Death Pop!, Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium, and the other two bonus albums pre-packaged with The Mighty Death Pop! were released on amazon.com. A day later, the snippets were removed from the website per Psychopathic Records' request. On August 8, the album along with The Mighty Death Pop! and its other bonus albums were all released early during the 13th Annual Gathering of the Juggalos.
"Birfday Party" originally had plans of including Das Racist, but despite Heems liking the idea of the track, Kool A.D. decided it wouldn't make for a good idea. "Shugston Brooks 1959–2004" included a sample of REO Speedwagon's "Take It on the Run".
The Insane Clown Posse initially planned to have the remix of "When I'm Clownin'" from the Extra Pop Emporium as a single music video from that album, but they ultimately nixed that plan when Kreayshawn didn't return their calls to appear in their music video. They replaced her verse in their music video with a cameo appearance from Boondox and a new verse by Danny Brown.

## Production

Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium features several songs originally considered for inclusion on The Mighty Death Pop!. These outtakes include "Up Ya Ass", "Birfday Party", "Playin' In The Woods", and "Shugston Brooks 1959–2004". The liner notes include explanations as to why each track was not featured on the main album, as well as stories on how every track came to its fruition. A few songs from The Mighty Death Pop! were not only remixed by Mike E. Clark, but also remixed by Brian Kuma & Joe Strange. Each remix includes at least one additional artist.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| The Daily Blam | (favorable) |
Reviewing The Mighty Death Pop! for The Daily Blam, Kevin Skinner favorably reviewed Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium, writing "many of the tracks come off even stronger than their standard album counterparts."

## Track listing

The track listing for the bonus album Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium has been confirmed to contain 13 tracks as part of the Mighty Death Pop infomercial. On June 30, 2012, the confirmed track listing for Mike E. Clark's Extra Pop Emporium was released.
# Norway at the 1988 Winter Paralympics

Norway competed at the 1988 Winter Paralympics held in Innsbruck, Austria. In total athletes representing Norway won 25 gold medals, 21 silver medals and 14 bronze medals and the country finished in 1st place in the medal table.

## Alpine skiing

* Cato Zahl Pedersen won the gold medal in the Men's Downhill LW5/7 event
* Cato Zahl Pedersen won the gold medal in the Men's Giant Slalom LW5/7 event

## Biathlon

* Svein Lilleberg won the gold medal in the Men's 7.5 km LW4 event
* Svein Tore Fauskrud won the bronze medal in the Men's 7.5 km LW4 event

## Cross-country skiing

In total 29 medals were won in cross-country skiing.

## Ice sledge speed racing

In total 27 medals were won in ice sledge speed racing.
# Klara Møller

Klara Møller (born 2 July 2001 in Hurup) is a Danish professional squash player. As of November 2022, she was ranked number 116 in the world. She won the 2023 Open International d'Angers.
# Przybynów

Przybynów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żarki, within Myszków County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Żarki, 8 km (5 mi) north of Myszków, and 51 km (32 mi) north-east of the regional capital Katowice.
# Rafa Martins

Rafaella Carmo Martins (born 17 July 1999), known as Rafa Martins, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as either a centre-back or a left-back for Santos FC.

## Career

Born in Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais, Rafa Martins began her career with São José. On 31 January 2020, she joined América Mineiro.
In January 2023, after featuring rarely for América, Rafa Martins was announced at Minas Brasília [pt]. In August, however, she moved aborad and joined Macedonian side ŽFK Ljuboten.
On 31 July 2024, Rafa Martins returned to her home country and signed for Santos until the end of the year. On 30 November, she agreed to a new two-year deal.

## Honours

Ljuboten
* Macedonian Women's Football Championship: 2023–24
Santos
* Copa Paulista de Futebol Feminino [pt]: 2024
# Hiawatha (disambiguation)

Hiawatha (Haiëñ'wa'tha) is a Native American semi-historical figure who was the co-founder of the Iroquois Confederacy.
Hiawatha may also refer to:

## Arts

* A fictional character in the epic poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Song of Hiawatha
* The Song of Hiawatha (Coleridge-Taylor), a trilogy of cantatas by Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, based on Longfellow's poem; the first part Hiawatha's Wedding Feast is the best known
* Little Hiawatha (a.k.a. Hiawatha), a 1937 animated family comedy short film produced by Walt Disney as part of 1937's Silly Symphonies
* Hiawatha (1952 film), a 1952 film starring Vince Edwards
* Hiawatha (1913 film), a 1913 American silent drama film
* "Hiawatha (A Summer Idyl)", a popular instrumental song written by Neil Moret in 1901
* Hiawatha (sculpture), a 19th-century marble by Augustus Saint-Gaudens
* Hiawatha, a book by Enid Blyton in the Old Thatch series

## Other

* Hiawatha (web server), a web server developed by Hugo Leisink since 2002
* Hiawatha Music Festival, an annual traditional, acoustic, American music festival held in Marquette, Michigan, United States
* Hiawatha Seaway Council, a local council of the Boy Scouts of America headquartered in Syracuse, New York, United States

## People

* Hiawatha Bray, columnist for The Boston Globe
* Hiawatha Coleridge-Taylor, son of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
* Hiawatha Estes (1918–2003), California-based architect

## Places
### Australia

* Hiawatha, Victoria, a town in the Shire of Wellington

### Canada

* Hiawatha First Nation, Ontario
* Island of Hiawatha, former name of the Toronto Islands, Ontario

### Greenland

* Hiawatha Glacier

### United States

* Hiawatha, Colorado, a place in Moffat County
* Hiawatha, Iowa
* Hiawatha, Kansas
* Hiawatha, Minneapolis, Minnesota
* Hiawatha, Nebraska
* Lake Hiawatha, New Jersey
* Hiawatha, Utah
* Hiawatha, West Virginia
* Hiawatha Island in Tioga County, New York
* Hiawatha Lake in Syracuse, New York
* Lake Hiawatha in Minneapolis, Minnesota
* Hiawatha Township, Michigan
* Hiawatha National Forest in Michigan

## Ships

* USS Hiawatha, the name of several ships of the United States Navy
* MV Hiawatha, an 1895 passenger ferry in Toronto, Canada
* Steamboat Hiawatha, an Ocklawaha River passenger steamer on the St. Johns River in Palatka, Florida, United States
* Hiawatha (riverboat), an American paddlewheel river boat

## Transportation routes

* Hiawatha (Milwaukee Road trains), a fleet of named passenger trains of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in the United States
* Hiawatha (Amtrak train), a descendant of the above

### Minneapolis, Minnesota

* Hiawatha Line, the former name of the METRO Blue Line, a light rail corridor in Minneapolis and neighboring Bloomington
* Hiawatha Avenue, a highway
* Hiawatha LRT Trail, a mixed-use path
* Min Hi Line, a linear park parallel to Minnehaha and Hiawatha Avenues