OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Foam hand

A foam hand, commonly known as a foam finger, is a sports paraphernalia item worn on the hand to show support for a particular team. The most common version resembles an oversized hand with an extended index finger, and slits in their bases allow them to be worn over the hands. Usually, the surface displays a silk-screened team name, logo, or other graphic or slogan, such as "We Are #1." Foam hands are made of open-celled foam.

## History

The prototype foam finger was created in 1971 by Ottumwa High School student Steve Chmelar, who constructed a giant hand out of hardware cloth and papier-mâché for the 1971 Iowa High School Athletic Association Boy's State Basketball Quarter Finals, between the Ottumwa Bulldogs and the Cedar Rapids Kennedy High School Cougars. A senior in high school, Steve's photo was taken by (and published in) the local newspaper, The Ottumwa Courier, on March 18, 1971. His photo was also in the 1971 Ottumwa High School class yearbook, the Argus, in Ottumwa, Iowa.
In 1976, Geral Fauss, a teacher at Cy-Fair High School in Cypress, Texas, created foam fingers to show support for the team at the high school where he taught, to raise funds for the industrial arts club, and as a project that his industrial arts class could produce themselves. His first prototype foam finger was made out of plywood and had a painting of a "number one" done in the school's colors.
Fauss first sold his foam fingers at the 1978 Cotton Bowl in Dallas (University of Texas vs. Notre Dame), and he later went on to found Spirit Industries for the large scale manufacturing of foam fingers. In 1979, the first polyurethane foam version of the product was produced by Spirit Industries.
Geral Fauss was class of 69' and 72' at Sam Houston State University.

## Common shape variations

* Instead of a human hand, the foam finger is in the shape of a talon, hoof, paw, or other hand-analog to resemble that of the team mascot.
* The index finger, thumb, and pinky are extended in the American Sign Language sign for love. Often this version is captioned, "Gotta Love Those [team name]."
* The index finger and pinky are extended to represent gestures such as University of South Florida's "Go Bulls" or University of Texas' "Hook 'em Horns."
* The middle finger is extended in the obscene hand gesture the finger.
Besides being sold at all manner of sporting events and venues as souvenirs, foam fingers are used as fund-raisers for schools and booster clubs as well as corporate promotions.
To date, the majority of "foam hands" have been produced in a planar-like form. However, in early 2009, a product that more closely replicates the dimensional form of a human hand (like Hulk Hands with an extended finger) was introduced and marketed under the trade name Radhand until 2010 when it was renamed UltimateHand, produced by a new company called BrettHand.
# The Schimeck Family (1935 film)

The Schimeck Family (German: Familie Schimek) is a 1935 German comedy film directed by E.W. Emo and starring Hans Moser, Käthe Haack and Hilde Schneider. It was shot at Johannisthal Studios in Berlin. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Karl Böhm and Heinrich Richter. It is based on the play The Schimek Family by Gustaf Kadelburg, previously adapted into a 1926 silent film and later into a 1957 Austrian film.

## Synopsis

In Berlin in 1908, three children go to live with their aunt and uncle after the death of their father.

## Cast

* Hans Moser as Ludwig Schigl
* Käthe Haack as Frau Schimek
* Hilde Schneider as Hedwig, ihre Nichte
* Hans Adalbert Schlettow as Franz Baumann, Tischlergeselle
* Grethe Weiser as Cilli Kaltenbach
* Fritz Odemar as Anton Kaltenbach
* Cecile Gehlers as Ilse, Cillis Freundin
* Wilhelm Bendow as Weigel, Kaltenbachs Kompagnon
* Eduard von Winterstein as Gerichtsvorsitzender
* Heinrich Schroth as Der Staatsanwalt
* Philipp Manning as Der Justizrat
* Hans Sternberg as Friesecke, Droschkenkutscher
* Günther Großkopf as Willi, Hedwigs Neffe
* Horst Teetzmann as Franzl, Hedwigs Neffe
* Egon Brosig as Tänzer
* Ernst Reißig a Pasternak, Theaterportier
* Margarete Hoffmann as Garderobiere
# Vijai Pal Singh

Vijay Pal Singh (23 February 1923 – 6 May 1996) was an Indian and Member of Parliament from village Biral of Tehsil Budhana district Muzaffarnagar. Singh was a member of Communist Party of India, while in office in 1971.
Singh died in Muzaffarnagar on 6 May 1996, at the age of 73.
# Haitian Basketball Federation

The Haitian Basketball Federation (FHB) (French: Fédération Haïtienne de Basket-Ball) is the governing body of basketball in Haiti. It was founded in 1970 and members of the FIBA since its formation.
The Fédération Haïtienne de Basket-Ball operates the Haiti national team and organizes the Coupe d'Haïti (Haitian Cup) and the national championships.

## Haiti Division I Men's Clubs
### Regional leagues

* Cap-Haïtien
* Belladère
* Saint-Marc
* Gonaïves
* Port-au-Prince
* Léogâne
* Les Cayes
* Jacmel
* Cayes
* Miragoane
* Hinche
* Port-de-Paix
* Trou-du-Nord
* Petit-Goave
* Delmas
* Ouanaminthe
# Gyldenpalm (noble family)

The Gyldenpalm family was a Danish and Norwegian noble family.

## History

Hans Eilersen Hagerup was born 27 October 1717 in Kalundborg, Denmark and died 19 February 1781 at Kristiansand, Norway . He was the son of Eiler Hansen Hagerup (1685–1743) and Anna Catharina Barhow († 1737). His father was Bishop of the Diocese of Nidaros.
After a long career as an official, he became in 1761 General Commissioner of War in Nordland. This automatically gave him personal noble status, belonging to the office nobility (Norwegian: embetsadel, rangadel). On the 23rd of February 1781, four days after his death, he was ennobled under the name Gyldenpalm (lit. Golden Palm). This made also his children and grandchildren noble.
His son Eiler Hagerup Gyldenpalm (1740–1817) became the first to use the surname Gyldenpalm. His grandson, Hans Hagerup Gyldenpalm (1774–1827) was a theologian and nobleman. The family became patrilineally extinct with the death of his grandson, diplomat Andreas Dedekam Hagerup Gyldenpalm (1777–1832).
# Hani Nasira

Hani Nasira (Arabic: هاني نسيرة) is an Egyptian author and journalist who specializes in ideological movements. He is currently a Research Unit Director at the Dubai based think tank, the Al Mesbar Studies and Research Centre.
His recent work includes research projects on development and democratic transformations and cognitive and political currents in the Arab world and is published regularly by Al Arabiya News Channel, Al-Hayat, The Jamestown Foundation and Arab Insight as well as Al Mesbar's own publications.

## Publications

Dr Nasira has authored several books, including Al-Qaeda and Jihadi Salafism: Intellectual Streams and Limits of Verification (2008); Religious Converts: A study of the phenomenon of conversion (2009); The Crisis of the Arab Renaissance and the War of Ideas (2009); and New Liberalism in the Arab World (2007).
His other published work includes: Ideology and the Road towards Humanizing Arabic National Thought – Cairo Center for Human Rights Studies (2002), Dr. Mahmoud Azmy a human rights pioneer in Egypt – Cairo Center for Human Rights (2005), Ministry of Culture – Journey of the Egyptian ministries - Center for Political and Strategic Studies at Al-Ahram (2003), The New Liberals in Egypt, a series of strategic notebooks - Center for Political and Strategic Studies at Al-Ahram (2006), and The Phenomenon of Intellectual Transformation in Egypt in the Mid Twentieth Century, Civilization Center (Al-Hadara Center) for Enhancing Islamic Ideology – Beirut (2009 (in printing process) as well as contributing to a number of other books.
# Basseri dialect

Basseri dialect (Persian: گویش باصری) is a Persian dialect spoken in Fars province by the Basseri people. It is part of the Southwestern Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages. Basseri dialect consists of many exclusive Persian words with Old and Middle Persian roots and less Arabic Loanwords, which is a consequence of living in the mountains, nomadism and less connection with urban Persians.

## Phonology
### Vowels

Basseri dialect has 6 vowels including /æ/ , /ɒ/ , /o/ , /e/ , /i/ , and /u:/; and also 4 diphthongs including /æi/ , /ey/ ,/ow/ , and /oy/.
| | Front | Back |
| Close | i | uː |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | æ | ɒ |

### Consonants

Basseri Persian has 21 consonants, in contrast with Iranian Persian with 23 consonants. In this dialect, /ɣ/ is merged into /q/ and /ʒ/ is merged into /dʒ/.
| | Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
| Nasal | m | n | | | | | |
| Plosive | p b | t d | | | k ɡ | q | ʔ |
| Affricate | | | tʃ dʒ | | | | |
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ | | x | | h |
| Flap or Tap | | ɾ | | | | | |
| Approximant | | l | | j | | | |

## Distribution

Basseri dialect is spoken among the Basseries in central Fars province. Counties like Abadeh, Eqlid, Pasargad, Jahrom, Marvdasht, Shiraz, Khorrambid, Larestan, and Sarvestan are among the traditional living range of the Basseri.

## Similarities with English

Some words in Basseri dialect are similar to English words.
| Basseri | English | standard Persian | st. Persian transcription |
| Var | Wear | پوشیدن | Pušidan |
| Jong | Young | جوان | Javān |
| Pati | Empty | خالی | Xāli |
| Babe | Baby | عزیزم | Azizam |
| Babu | Baby | نوزاد | Nowzād |
| Kap | Cap | کلاه | Kolāh |
| Sol | Soil | خاک | Xāk |
| Sekal | Skeleton | استخوان | Ostoxān |
# Léonard Tremblay

Léonard-David Sweezey Tremblay (16 April 1896 – 19 September 1968) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Chicoutimi, Quebec and became a journalist and public servant by career.
Tremblay was educated at Lauzon College and served in both World War I and World War II. He was first elected to Parliament at the Dorchester riding in the 1935 general election then re-elected there in 1940, 1945 and 1949. The margin of victory of the 1949 election was particularly small, as Progressive Conservative candidate Gérard Corriveau trailed by 221 votes.
At the end of the 21st Canadian Parliament in June 1953, Tremblay was appointed to the Senate under the Lauzon division and remained in the Senate until September 1965.
# IMF (file format)

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#REDIRECT id Software#IMF Music File Format
# Cesare Pinarello

Cesare Pinarello (5 October 1932 – 2 August 2012) was an Italian cyclist who won two bronze medals at the Summer Olympics (1952 and 1956).

## Biography

He died in Treviso on 2 August 2012 aged 79.
# Harold L. Ervin

Harold LeRoy Ervin (April 5, 1895 – November 26, 1990) was a member of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania from 1954 to 1967. He was the President Judge of the court from 1965 to 1967.

## Early life

Ervin was the son of Peter B. and Martha E. Ervin. His parents died when he was young and he was raised by his grandparents, John H. and Hannah H. Ervin in Catawissa, Pennsylvania. He finished elementary and high school in Catawissa while becoming interested in law from his childhood neighbor, Charles Fisher who was a local attorney.
After graduating from high school, Ervin attended Temple University where he was editor of The Temple News newspaper, a pitcher on the baseball team, and a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. He was able to complete his undergraduate degree in three years of taking classes where he tutored students and worked during the summers to pay his tuition. He also served as a second lieutenant of infantry in the U.S. Army during World War I. He attended the University of Pennsylvania Law School on a scholarship and graduated in 1920 with his LL.B. degree. During this time, he lived with his aunt and uncle (William H. and Agnes M. Brown) in Philadelphia.
After graduation, Ervin started his law practice in Media, Pennsylvania. He married Ruth Erdman and they had a son, Harold Jr., in 1924.

## Common Pleas Court

In July 1941, Ervin was appointed by Governor Arthur James to the Delaware County Common Pleas Court. He spent twelve years with the court and become the county’s presiding judge from 1948 to 1954.

## Superior Court of Pennsylvania

In 1953, Ervin ran for a spot on the Superior Court of Pennsylvania and won a ten-year term as a Republican. He took office on January 4, 1954. . At the end of his first term he was the senior judge on the court except for President Judge Chester H. Rhodes, who was ill for most of 1962 and 1963. During this time Ervin handled many of the administrative duties of the presiding judge. When he ran for re-election in 1963 he used this experience in his successful campaign.
Ervin went on to serve as President Judge in his own right from January 4, 1965 to December 31, 1967. As a judge his main focus was on moving cases more efficiently through the court system while still providing justice. He was able to keep the number of backlogged cases in Delaware County to a minimum.

## Retirement

Ervin retired from the court on January 1, 1968. His wife, Ruth, had died in February 1963. His son, who was also an attorney, died in 1972. He married a second time to Elsie Margaret Peterson. She died in 1985. He died in 1990.
Ervin was a member of the Masonic Lodge, the American Legion, and the Union League of Philadelphia.
# Forced Alliance

Forced Alliance: The Glarious Mandate is an action simulation video game, developed by American studio Orbital Studios and published by Ripcord Games.

## Gameplay

Forced Alliance is an action simulation video game.

## Development

Forced Alliance was developed by Orbital Studios, a company founded in 1994.
Orbital Studios originally had a working project codenamed Alien Alliance around 1995, that looked similar in visual and interface designs to Forced Alliance. It was also planned to come on the PlayStation. That former game was likely reworked and released as the latter game, exclusively for the PC.

## Reception

Review scores :
| Publication | Score |
| Computer Gaming World | |
| GameRevolution | 1.5/5 |
| GameSpot | 7.2/10 |
| Gamezilla | 53/100 |
Forced Alliance received mixed reception from video game critics.
# List of muftis of Eritrea

This is a list of Muftis of Eritrea:
* Ibrahim Mukhtar
* Alamin Usman Alamin
# Bouteloua simplex

Bouteloua simplex, colloquially known as matted grama or mat grama, is a grass species in the grama genus native to much of the Americas.

## Description

Matted grama is forms dense mats and is a low growing annual, reaching no higher than 15 cm (5.9 in). Individual blades often curl up; they are short and narrow. Flowering occurs from August to October. The plant bears a single curved spiked inflorescence 1–2.5 cm (0.39–0.98 in) long. Each inflorescence bears 30-80 spikelets. The glumes are hairless, with lower glumes being 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) long and upper glumes 3.5–5 mm (0.14–0.20 in) long. The lemma is hairy at the base, is 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.138 in) long, and three awned.
It is similar to Bouteloua barbata, but bears only a single spike.

## Distribution

Matted grama is widespread in the Americas. It is present in the southwestern and central United States, found as far north as Wyoming, as west as Arizona and Utah, and as east as Texas and Nebraska. An introduced population also exists in Maine, although it is not common there and grows only in disturbed areas. It is present in all the northern states of Mexico, including Baja. Populations exist in most of Central America, excepting parts of the Yucatán Peninsula, and extending to Panama. In South America it is found in Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and parts of Argentina and Chile.
It prefers to grow on rocky slopes between 1,200–2,100 m (4,000–7,000 ft).

## Ethnobotany

Ashes of the plant had historical use in ceremony, and as a folk remedy. It was also used for livestock forage.
# Hell's Kitchen (painting)

Hell's Kitchen is one of the names of a famous painting showing many of the eccentrics living in the Newcastle area in the early 19th century.

## Background

Around the end of the 18th century and the early and mid 19th century there were many characters frequenting the town centre and Quayside of old Newcastle. These were characters who were described as "worthies", "props" or "eccentrics" and would later be more gently described as "unfortunates". All had some form of physical or mental disability, to different degrees, but were looked upon as "unfortunates" and generally liked, respected and looked after by the population of hard working inhabitants.

## The painting

In or around 1817 the Devonport born, (now resident in Newcastle) painter, Henry Perlee Parker, painted his now famous picture of many of these characters. It shows 14 people (and a dog), all persons living in the area at the time. The painting is now known in some quarters as Hells Kitchen. This was the nickname of a room in The Flying Horse (later named the Princess Hotel followed by The Golden Bengal Indian Restaurant) in the Groat Market (off Collingwood Street), Newcastle, which was the setting for the painting.
It was a "down market" drinking house whose clientele allegedly included Blind Willy, the fiddler, Captain Starkey, Aad Judy, Cull Billy, Bold Archie, Bugle Nosed Jack, Doodem Daddum and Shoe-Tie Anty. It was reputed that the cellar contained a trap door to a hidden tunnel to the Quayside.
Unfortunately the oil painting is now lost, but fortunately a Mr George Armstrong, a Newcastle engraver, had made a copy. This copy was published c1820 by E. Charnley, a bookseller in the Bigg Market.
An index provided with the engraving and printed at the bottom of the picture reveals the identities of these eccentric characters, many of whom were the subject of local songwriters. The list of the characters, (in alphabetical order) is :- Aud (or Awd) Judy, Blind Willie, Bold Archy (or Airchy), Bugle-Nosed Jack, Captain Starkey, Cull (or Cully) Billy, Donald, Doodem Daddum (with his Dog, Timour, added), Hangy (or Hangie), Jacky Coxon, Jenny Ballo, Pussy Willy, Shoe-tie Anty and Whin Bob. The portrait forms part of a collection held by Newcastle City Library.

## Copies to view

Among the copies are the following :-
* A copy in black and white is available on the "Farne – Folk Archive Resource North East" site and is headed across the top of the picture "Eccentrics and well-known characters of Newcastle upon Tyne". Along the base are a set of numbers and below the picture, a list of the characters and their positional numbers.
* Another picture, this time in colour, is on the Flickr Website.

## The song

The song, entitled "Newcassel Props" telling of some of these characters, was written by William Oliver
# Zumiez

Zumiez Inc. (/ˈzuːmiz/) is an American multinational specialty clothing store founded by Thomas Campion and Gary Haakenson in 1978, and publicly traded since 2005. The company is a specialty retailer of apparel, footwear, accessories and hardgoods for young men and women. Zumiez markets clothing for action sports, particularly skateboarding, snowboarding, and motocross. Zumiez is based in Lynnwood, Washington. The current president and CEO is Richard Brooks.
Originally named "Above the Belt" when the first store was opened at Northgate Mall in 1978, the company grew quickly through the early 1980s with the addition of stores at Everett Mall, Alderwood Mall, Tacoma Mall, and Bellevue Square. The mid and late 1980s brought new stores online outside of the Puget Sound area, and the corporate name changed to Zumiez. The corporate office moved from Everett to Lynnwood, Washington in 2012.

## Stores

As of February 3, 2018, Zumiez operates 726 stores; 608 in the United States, 52 in Canada, 54 in Europe and 12 in Australia. Zumiez is a leading retailer for lifestyle brands, centering on action sports such as skateboarding, snowboarding, BMX, and motocross.

## Couch Tour

For 13 years, Zumiez traveled to 12 "full stops" as part of its annual Couch Tour. Entertainment included live bands, professional skateboarding demos, and a competition featuring local amateurs. The stops usually took place at the mall where local Zumiez stores are located. Entry to the event was always free.
As part of the Couch tour, since Zumiez doesn't sponsor riders themselves, they joined up with major players in the skate industry to offer an opportunity where amateur skaters can enter and compete. 2013 sponsors included Bones Bearings, Paramore, Beyonce, Adidas, Deathwish, DGK, Neff, Oakley, and Loser Machine providing the "trophies" for each stop of the contest's winners.

## Zumiez Foundation

Zumiez began a charitable foundation in 2002, donating clothing to those in need in over 20 states in the United States. In 2012 over 180,000 items were donated to more than 180 organizations around the nation.

## Acquisitions

The company purchased the clothing company Fast Forward in 2006, Blue Tomato in 2012, and Fast Times in 2015.

## Store shooting

On January 25, 2014, a gunman, identified as 19-year-old Darion Marcus Aguilar, opened fire with a 12 gauge shotgun inside of Zumiez at The Mall in Columbia located in Columbia, Maryland, killing two store employees before taking his own life, according to police. Five other people were injured during the incident. Extra ammunition and crude explosives (all of which were later defused) were found in Aguilar's backpack.
# Mian (clan)

Miyan are Rajput clans of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh states in India.
The Miyan Rajputs, are the clan, to which the rulers of Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and rulers of erstwhile princely states of Himachal Pradesh belong. They do not generally engage in trade or agriculture. They are major land owners and prefer to join cavalry or army by choice. The ruling family of Jamwal Rajput call themselves Miyan Rajputs
# Owen P. Thompson

Owen Pierce Thompson (February 3, 1852 – August 30, 1933) was a judge of the Seventh Judicial District of Illinois and a delegate to the 1904 Democratic National Convention. He also served on the Illinois State Utilities Commission.

## Biography

Thompson was born in Morgan County, Illinois, on February 3, 1852, the eighth and youngest child of James B. Thompson and Mary Meguier. He attended the local schools, the completed the course of instruction for schoolteachers at Illinois Normal Institute in Normal, Illinois.
After receiving his teaching qualification, Thompson taught school for four years. He then began attendance at Albany Law School, from which he graduated in 1876. He was admitted to the bar and settled in Jacksonville, Illinois, where he began a practice. In 1886, Thompson was elected judge of Morgan County, Illinois, and he was reelected in 1890. In 1897, Thompson was elected judge of the Seventh Judicial District. He served until 1912, when he resigned to accept appointment to the Illinois Commerce Commission.
Thompson died in Jacksonville on August 30, 1933. He was buried at Diamond Grove Cemetery in Jacksonville.

## Family

In 1883, Thompson married Elizabeth Ruddick of Jacksonville. They were the parents of three children: Mary, Paul, and Irene.
# Mission station (disambiguation)

A mission station is a base for a Christian mission.
Mission station may also refer to:
* Mission station (Los Angeles Metro), now known as South Pasadena station, California, United States
* Mission City station, British Columbia, Canada
* Mission Harbour station, British Columbia, Canada