OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brazil–Yugoslavia relations

Brazil–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Brazil and now split-up Yugoslavia (Kingdom or Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). Following the breakup of Yugoslavia and ratification of the Agreement on Succession Issues Slovenia, one of five sovereign equal successor states, has taken over properties of the Embassy of Yugoslavia in Brasília.

## History

Brazil opened its Consulate in Belgrade in 1918 while the formal bilateral relations were established in 1938. Consulate General of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in São Paulo was opened on 31 May 1929. The first Brazilian Ambassador to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia arrived on 3 June 1939. During World War II Brazil sent a chargé d’affaires to London, specifically to liaise with the Yugoslav Government in exile. After the end of World War II in Yugoslavia and the establishment of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia diplomatic relations between the two countries were re-established in 1946 while in 1952 the rank of the representations was raised to the embassy level. Vice President of Brazil João Café Filho visited Yugoslavia in 1951. In 1963 President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito organized a month long (18 September-17 October) South American tour during which he visited Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Peru and Mexico.
# Nonila Wharemate

Nonila "Noni" Wharemate (also known as Noni Martin; born 17 January 1982 in Hamilton, Waikato) is a member of New Zealand's women's basketball team at the Beijing Olympics in 2008. She also played on New Zealand's Commonwealth Games Women's basketball team in 2006 and on New Zealand's team at the 2004 Olympics.
Wharemate is a member of the Christchurch Sirens. She was named New Zealand's women's basketball defensive player of the year in 2001. She played college basketball at the University of Texas at El Paso.
On 12 December 2014, Wharemate signed with the Joondalup Wolves for the 2015 SBL season.
Wharemate is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
# Tanzanian Americans

Tanzanian Americans are Americans of Tanzanian descent. In the 2000 US Census, 2,921 people reported Tanzanian ancestry. To this figure we must adhere some people (less of 300 each) that hailed be of "Tanganyika" and "Zanzibar Islanders" descend. In 2023 were registered 40,420 Tanzanians living in United States (this figure excludes Americans descended from Tanzanians).
A drought in Tanzania during the early 1980s caused a worsening of economic conditions in the country and motivated some people to emigrate, arriving in the United States in appreciable numbers beginning in 1986 with the arrival of 370 Tanzanians.

## Demographics

Based on 2009-2011 data, 20,837 Tanzanians lived in the United States in these years. At this time, an estimated 15.2 percent (range of estimate: 11.5 to 18.9 percent) of Tanzanian Americans were 17 or younger. Their estimated median age was 37.8 (range of estimate: 35.8 to 39.8 years of age). Approximately 47.9 percent (range of estimate: 41.4 to 54.4 percent) of them had a least a bachelor's degree. An estimated 2.2 percent (range of estimate: 1.1 to 3.3 percent) of them were living outside the U. S. one year before. Of those born outside the U. S., an estimated 40.8 percent had become U. S. citizens. Of all Tanzanian Americans born outside the U. S., an estimated 47.0 percent (range of estimate: 41.8 to 52.2 percent) entered the country after 1999. Their estimated median household income was USD 67,327 (range of estimate: USD 59,861 to 74,793).
Although Tanzania belonged to United Kingdom, only the 16% of the Tanzanian population in United States had english as their native language, while 84.0% of the population had other languages as their native languages.

### Tanzanian Americans in Chicago

Most Tanzanians who have arrived since 1986 have chosen to settle in Chicago. Many of them are students and professionals who came to the city to pursue an advanced degree or work for an employer that sponsored their entry into the United States. Some of the Tanzanians have returned to their home country a few years after arriving in the U. S.
Religion plays an active role in the lives of many Tanzanian Americans in Chicago.

### Tanzanian Americans elsewhere in the United States

Tanzanian American associations in the United States include the Tanzanian American Association (Inc.) in Massachusetts and the Tanzania Association Of Wichita, Kansas.

## Notable people

* John Abraham, former mayor of Teaneck, New Jersey
* Ida Ljungqvist, international model
* Clea Koff, forensic anthropologist and author
* Vivek Kundra, former first chief information officer of the United States
* Harold O'Neal, composer
# Rovasenda Alta railway station

Rovasenda railway station (Italian: Stazione di Rovasenda Alta) is one of two train stations, serving the comune of Rovasenda (situated in the mount part of the hill), in the Piedmont region, northwestern Italy. The name "Alta" (High) has been assigned to distinguish by the station low. It is the junction of the Santhià–Arona. It also serves as an interchange with station Rovasenda (low) on the Biella–Novara line.
The station has remained without traffic since 17 June 2012, because of the suspension of service on the railway, by the decision of the Piedmont Region. The station was managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI). Train services were operated by Trenitalia. Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

## History

The station was opened on 16 January 1905, upon the inauguration of the first part of the Santhià–Arona railway, from Santhià to Borgomanero.

## Features

Two tracks of which are equipped with platforms.
# Sarah Øvsthus

Sarah Orteza Hovden Øvsthus (born 20 March 1994) is a Norwegian weightlifter, who competed in the 53 kg category and represented Norway at international competitions. She competed at the 2015 European Weightlifting Championships and 2016 European Weightlifting Championships.
As an athlete she became Norwegian champion in the standing long jump in 2015. She represents the club Laksevåg TIL.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| European Weightlifting Championships |||||||||||||
| 2015 | Georgia | 53 kg | 67 | 70 | 70 | 9 | 83 | 85 | 87 | 9 | 152 | 9 |
| 2016 | Førde, Norway | 53 kg | 71 | 74 | 75 | 15 | 87 | 90 | 90 | 12 | 164 | 13 |
# Tuscarora, Nevada

Tuscarora (Shoshoni language: Tosa Konoki) is an unincorporated community in Elko County, Nevada, United States. The community lies on the east side of the Tuscarora Mountains, approximately 40 miles north of Carlin and 50 miles from Elko. Tuscarora is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area. Despite being widely referenced as a ghost town, Tuscarora is home to two schools, a library, a post office that is staffed every day, a bar and grill, and homes for its remaining residents.

## History

Tuscarora was founded in Elko County, after an expedition by trader William Heath to find gold, in 1867. The community derives its name from the Tuscarora people. As miners flocked to the town, a fort was built to offer protection from Indian raids and a water ditch was created to supply the town with water. Many Chinese men who had been employed by the Central Pacific Railroad (CPR) relocated to the town and began placer mining. By 1870, Tuscarora had a population of 119, of whom 104 were Chinese. A post office was established at Tuscarora in 1871. A boom began following the discovery of silver ore. In 1879, the population of Tuscarora reached 1,500, making it one of the larger settlements in Nevada.
A second mining boom occurred between 1883 and 1887, racking up an equally high amount of silver as it did during its first boom as a result of several newly built mines in the 1870s. However, the silver production generated in the mines established during this mining boom period did not yield the same amount of production as they had previously, and mining companies in Tuscarora started entering into a decline period, with several mines, such as the Young America mine, closing down in the early 1890s.
Despite this, several mining companies continued operating, and at one point, gold production was higher than silver during the late 1890s and early 1900s. In 1987, exploration for microscopic gold mining was initiated, resulting in Horizon Gold establishing a permanent mine for silver and gold extraction in 1989, which lasted until 1991.

## Education

Tuscarora is home to two small schools provided by the Elko County School District.
Tuscarora has a public library, a branch of the Elko-Lander-Eureka County Library System.

## Notable people

* Wheezer Dell, He was the first Nevada-born player in Major League Baseball History.
# Burkina Faso at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics

Burkina Faso competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea. A team of 2 athletes was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank |
| Gérard Kobéané | 100 metres | 10.64 | 4 (Q) | 10.59 | 39 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank |
| Béatrice Kamboulé | 100 m hurdles | | | 13.76 SB | 35 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Allison W. Pearson

Allison W. Pearson is an American management scientist, the W. L. Giles Professor Emeritus at Mississippi State University, and a former interim associate vice president of the university.
# We Are All Bolivia

We Are All Bolivia (Spanish: Bolivia Somos Todos; BST) is a national political party in Bolivia that intends to contest the 2019 national and 2020 regional elections. The party was founded in Sucre in April 2016, by Damián Condori, Román Loayza, Rebeca Delgado, Luis Alfaro, and Félix Santos, all of whom are dissident former members of the governing Movement for Socialism. Condori had been a candidate for governor of Chuquisaca Department in 2015 on the We Are All Chuquisaca ballot line, but the parties that formed that line are not affiliated with We Are All Bolivia.
The party's National Executive Committee consists of Edgar Sánchez (of Oruro), Damián Condori (of Chuquisaca), and Rene Rodriguez (of Montero, Santa Cruz).
The party describes itself as committed to full democracy, autonomy, human rights, and a Bolivia free of discrimination. BST and Sovereignty and Freedom (SOL.bo) agreed to an alliance in July 2016. It held its first ordinary congress in December 2016 in Sucre. An attempt to hold a national congress in Millares, Potosí, in late July 2017 was frustrated by the opposition of local officials. BST leaders claimed that they were detained by these local leaders and advised not to have the meeting.
# Lee M. Jackwig

Lee M. Jackwig is a United States Bankruptcy Judge in the Southern District of Iowa. Judge Jackwig was initially appointed on November 3, 1986 and was reappointed in 2000, Succeeding U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Anita L. Shodeen. Her chambers are in Des Moines, Iowa.

## Education

* Loyola University Chicago B.A. Classics (Magna Cum Laude)
* DePaul University College of Law J.D.

## Background

* Assistant U.S. Attorney in the Southern District of Iowa, 1983–1986
* Deputy Industrial Commissioner, 1979–1983
* Assistant Attorney General of Iowa, 1976–1979

## Former law clerks

Elizabeth "Liz" E. Goodman, Steven P. Wandro, Deborah Krauth, Roberta Gilbert, Timothy M. Feeney, Xiaoming Wu, Jessica Barwig, Amy Churchill, Charlie H. Luh, Richard "Ric" A. Graham, Douglas L. Barrett, Lisa A. Tracy, Stacey Walker, Todd D. Ross, Robert "Bob" C. Gainer, Adam M. LaBoda, R. Matthew Ingraham, Timothy J. Van Vliet, Matthew P. Crouch, Jonathan W. Haas, Jared A. Day, Emma J. Hodson, Gregory J. Guest, Elizabeth L. Hartsell, Caleb M. Gurujal, Zacharia M. Sonallah
# Olivia Chance

Olivia Juliet Bridget Chance (born 5 October 1993) is a New Zealand footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a left winger for the New Zealand at international level. She formerly played for Breiðablik of the Icelandic Úrvalsdeild, Everton and Bristol City of the English FA WSL, Sheffield United of the English FA Women's Championship, and Brisbane Roar of the Australian W-League.

## College career

Chance joined the South Florida Bulls in 2012. In her freshman year she was named to the All-Big East Rookie Team. She played four seasons for the Bulls leading the team in goals during the 2013, 2014 and 2015 season. Chance finished her college career with 31 goals from 79 appearances.

## Club career

Chance played club football with Claudelands Rovers, helping them to become the first non-Auckland side in 15 years to win the national women's cup.

### Breiðablik

In July 2016, Chance signed with Icelandic club Breiðablik UBK of the Úrvalsdeild.

### Everton

Chance moved to English club Everton in February 2017. She made nine appearances for the Blues during the 2017 Spring Series scoring twice.

### Brisbane Roar

In November 2020, Chance left England and joined Australian club Brisbane Roar.

### Celtic

In August 2021, following the 2020 Summer Olympics, Chance joined Scottish Women's Premier League club Celtic.

## International career

Chance was a member of the New Zealand U-17 side at the 2010 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup playing in all three games at the finals in Trinidad and Tobago.
Chance and Terri-Amber Carlson were the only two new caps included in the women's national team to contest the 2011 Cyprus Cup where she made her début in a 4–1 loss to the Netherlands in their opening game on 2 March 2011.
Chance was named to the national team's roster for the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## International goals

    Scores and results list New Zealand's goal tally first.
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 4 March 2020 | Vista Municipal Stadium, Parchal, Portugal | Belgium | 1–0 | 1–1 (7–6 p) | 2020 Algarve Cup |
| 2. | 15 November 2022 | Orangetheory Stadium, Christchurch, New Zealand | South Korea | 1–0 | 1–1 | Friendly |

## Honours

Celtic
* SWPL League Cup: 2022
# Guy Gavriel Kay

Guy Gavriel Kay CM (born November 7, 1954) is a Canadian writer of fantasy fiction. The majority of his novels take place in fictional settings that resemble real places during real historical periods, such as Constantinople during the reign of Justinian I or Spain during the time of El Cid. Kay has expressed a preference to avoid genre categorization of these works as historical fantasy. As of 2022, Kay has published 15 novels and a book of poetry. As of 2018, his fiction has been translated into at least 22 languages. Kay is also a qualified lawyer in Canada.

## Biography

Kay was born in Weyburn, Saskatchewan, in 1954. His father, a doctor, was a Jewish immigrant from Poland, and his mother was an artist. He was raised and educated in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and received a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the University of Manitoba in 1975.
When Christopher Tolkien needed an assistant to edit his father J. R. R. Tolkien's unpublished work, he chose Kay, then a student of philosophy at the University of Manitoba, because of a family connection. Kay moved to Oxford in 1974 to assist Christopher in editing The Silmarillion.
Kay returned to Canada in 1975 to pursue a law degree at the University of Toronto, which he obtained in 1978; he was called to the bar of Ontario in 1981. Kay became principal writer and an associate producer for the CBC Radio series The Scales of Justice, and continued as principal writer when the series transferred to television as Scales of Justice.
Kay's first novel, the portal fantasy The Summer Tree that serves as the first volume of his Fionavar Tapestry trilogy, was published in 1984. He subsequently had many other novels published, most of them in the field of historical fantasy.
Kay has voiced concerns relative to the decline of individual privacy, the expectation of privacy, and literary privacy. The last principally has to do with the use of real individuals in works of fiction, such as Michael Cunningham's The Hours, partly based on the life of Virginia Woolf, where Woolf features in the novel as a protagonist.
# Anine Rabe

Anine Rabe (born 21 November 1992) is a Norwegian former figure skater. She is a three-time silver medalist at the Norwegian Figure Skating Championships, 2012, 2013 and 2014. She placed 25th in the 2012 World Junior Figure Skating Championships and 42nd in the 2012 World Figure Skating Championships (preliminary round). She retired from competitive skating in 2015. Her younger sister, Thea Rabe is also a former figure skater and ice dancer.

## Programs

| Season | Short program | Free skating |
| 2013–15 | Until the Last Moment by Yanni | Otoñal by Raúl Di Blasio |
| 2012–13 | Dragonheart by Randy Edelman | Otoñal by Raúl Di Blasio |
| 2011–12 | Dragonheart by Randy Edelman | Theme from Love Story (soundtrack) by Francis Lai |
| 2010–11 | Reflection performed by Vanessa Mae | Love Story (soundtrack) by Francis Lai |
| 2008–09 | Winter from Four Seasons by A. Vivaldi | Anthem by Björn Ulvaeus Chess by Benny Anderson |

## Competitive highlights

CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
International :
| Event | 09-10 | 10-11 | 11-12 | 12–13 | 13–14 | 14–15 |
| Worlds | | | 42nd | | | |
| Junior Worlds | | | 25th J. | | | |
| CS Volvo Open Cup | | | | 6th | | 16th |
| CS Finlandia Trophy | | | | | | 11th |
| Coupe du Printemps | | | | | 2nd | |
| Crystal Skate | | | | 2nd | | |
| Golden Spin | | | | | 10th | |
| Merano Cup | | | | 8th | | |
| Nordics | 11th J. | 3rd J. | 5th | 8th | 11th | |
| Nepela Trophy | | | 12th | | 9th | |
| Triglav Trophy | 8th J. | | | | 10th | |
| International: Junior |||||||
| JGP Latvia | | | 24th | | | |
| JGP Great Britain | | 15th | | | | |
| Cup of Nice | 18th | 7th | | | | |
| Ice Challenge | | | 14th | | | |
| NRW Trophy | | 9th | | | | |
| Warsaw Cup | 1st | 4th | 5th | | | |
| National |||||||
| Norwegian Champ. | 4th J. | 3rd J. | 2nd | 2nd | 2nd | |
| J. = Junior level |||||||
# Osmoprotectant

Osmoprotectants or compatible solutes are small organic molecules with neutral charge and low toxicity at high concentrations that act as osmolytes and help organisms to survive in extreme osmotic stress. Osmoprotectants can be placed in three chemical classes: betaines and associated molecules, sugars and polyols, and amino acids. These molecules accumulate in cells and balance the osmotic difference between the cell's surroundings and the cytosol. In plants, their accumulation can increase survival during stresses such as drought. In extreme cases, such as in bdelloid rotifers, tardigrades, brine shrimp, and nematodes, these molecules can allow cells to survive being completely dried out and let them enter a state of suspended animation called cryptobiosis.
Intracellular osmoprotectant concentrations are regulated in response to environmental conditions such as osmolarity and temperature via regulation of specific transcription factors and transporters. They have been shown to play a protective role by maintaining enzyme activity through freeze-thaw cycles and at higher temperatures. It is currently believed that they function by stabilizing protein structures by promoting preferential exclusion from the water layers on the surface of hydrated proteins. This favors the native conformation and displaces inorganic salts that would otherwise cause misfolding.

## Role
### Plants

Compatible solutes have a functional role in agriculture. In high stress conditions, such as drought or high salinity, plants that naturally create or take up osmoprotectants show increased survival rates. By inducing expression or uptake of these molecules in crops in which they are naturally not present, there is an increase in the areas in which they are able to be grown. One documented reason for increased growth is regulation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high salinity ROS production is stimulated by the photosystems of the plant. Osmoprotectants can prevent the photosystem-salt interactions, reducing ROS production. For these reasons, introduction of biosynthetic pathways which result in the creation of osmoprotectants in crops is a current area of research, but inducing expression at significant amounts is currently posing a barrier in this area of research.

### Bacteria

Osmoprotectants are also important for the maintenance of top soil bacteria populations. Desiccation of top soils results in increased salinity. In these situations, the soil microbes increase the concentration of these molecule in their cytoplasm into the molar range allowing them to persist until conditions approve. In extreme cases, osmoprotectants allow cells to enter cryptobiosis. In this state the cytosol and osmoprotectants become a glass-like solid that helps stabilize proteins and cell membranes from the damaging effects of desiccation.
Osmoprotectants regulate gene expression in response to environmental osmolarity as compatible solutes even in small concentrations affect gene expression, ranging from inducing production of more compatible solutes to regulating components involved in infection, such as phospholipase C in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.