OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eustace I, Count of Boulogne

Eustace I, Count of Boulogne, was a nobleman and founder of the Boulogne branch of the House of Flanders. He held the county of Boulogne from 1024 until his death in 1047.

## Life

Eustace was the elder son of Count Baldwin II of Boulogne and Adelina of Holland. He succeeded his father as count of Boulogne in 1024. Eustace was also the count of Lens. In 1028 Eustace confirmed the foundation of a college of canons in his castle at Lens and despite accounts of Lens passing to Baldwin V of Flanders circa 1036 it was still held by Eustace and was passed to his son Lambert at his death.
During the minority of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, Eustace's grandfather, Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne had broken free of Flanders and operated as an independent prince, as did Eustace's father and Eustace himself. In 995, having attained his majority, Baldwin IV attempted to recover several of the independently held castles and to expand the Flemish borders. This had caused considerable animosity between Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders and Eustace's father, but when Baldwin IV's son Baldwin V succeeded him in 1035 Eustace and Baldwin V of Flanders cooperated on several ventures including several charters and in limiting the powers of the Castellan-advocates of several abbeys including the Abbey of Saint Bertin in Flanders.
Eustace was allied to the ducal house of Normandy by the marriage of his son Eustace II to Goda, niece of Richard II. This had far reaching alliances to other branches of these families including that of Edward the Confessor, King of England. Under Eustace the counts of Boulogne rose to great prominence in Northern France. Eustace I died in 1047.
Eustace was apparently a patron of Samer Abbey near Calais and he is said to have been buried there.

## Family and children

Eustace married Matilda of Louvain, daughter of Lambert I of Louvain and Gerberga of Lower Lorraine and had:
* Eustace II of Boulogne.
* Godfrey, Bishop of Paris from 1061 to 1095
* Lambert II, Count of Lens.
* Gerberga, married Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine
# N-Wagen

The n-Wagen ("n-coaches") are a type of passenger coach used by Deutsche Bundesbahn and subsequently Deutsche Bahn. With two double-leafed doors per side to enable a high passenger throughput rate, the coaches were conceived for short dwell times in commuter and regional transit. Succeeding the yl-coaches, 5,000 units were built from 1958 to 1981, with some remaining in service still today.

## Origin of the name

The UIC classification identifier letter "n" is an abbreviation for Nahverkehr ("local transit"); the complete description is local transit passenger coach (Nahverkehrswagen) with a length of over 24.5 metres, open coach with centre aisle in 2nd class, centre aisle or side corridor in 1st class, two centre doors, with 36-pole control cable for push-pull operations.
The term Silberling (from German Silber, "silver") derives from the coaches' stainless steel body, which was originally unpainted, giving them a unique silver look.

## Technical data

| Total length: | 26,400 mm |
| Distance between bogie pivots: | 21,500 mm |
| Empty weight: | 42-47 t |
| Maximum speed: | 120 or 140 km/h (varies by type) |
| Number of seats: | 96 seats in second class in Bn coaches 2×24 seats in second and 30 in first class in ABn coaches. |

### Type overview

| Type | Year built | Number | Notes |
| ABn 703 | 1959 – 66 | 798 | 5 cars with central control (ABnz 703), 20 cars with multi-voltage heating |
| ABnr 704 | 1965 – 67 | 34 | |
| ABnrz 704 | 1968 – 77 | 380 | |
| ABnrz 708 | 1977 | 1 | Karlsruher Versuchszug (Karlsruhe experimental train) |
| Bn 719 | 1969 – 76 | 1070 | |
| Bn 720 | 1959 – 63 | 1019 | |
| Bnz 723 | 1965/66 | 30 | Multi-voltage heating |
| Bnrz 723 | 1966 | 40 | |
| Bnrz 724 | 1969/70 | 180 | Field hospital car, steep roof |
| Bnrz 724.1 | 1989/90 | 18 | remodeled from Bnrz 725 |
| Bnr 725 | 1966 – 68 | 190 | |
| Bnrz 725 | 1967 – 77 | 449 | |
| Bnrz 728 | 1977 – 80 | 100 | Steep roof |
| Bnrz 729 | 1977 | 2 | Karlsruher Versuchszug (Karlsruhe experimental train) |
| Bnrz 734 | 1977 | 1 | Karlsruher Versuchszug (Karlsruhe experimental train) |
| BDnf 735 | 1978 – 81 | 71 | Rebuilt from BDnf 738, cab car w/o door |
| BDnf 738 | 1959 – 64 | 229 | Cab car with front passenger door, 20 cars with multi-voltage heating |
| BDnrzf 739 | 1969 | 40 | Cab car with front passenger door, cab removed later on |
| BDnrzf 740 | 1971 – 77 | 310 | Cab car, model Karlsruhe |
| BDn 742 | 1961 – 64 | 29 | no cab, rebuilt from BDnf 738, 20 cars with multi-voltage heating |
* Indicator z: Central control (Zugsammelschiene)
* Indicator r: disc brakes
# Kharkush

Kharkush (Dari: خرکش) is a mountain of the Hindu Kush mountain range in Baghlan province in northeastern Afghanistan.
* This Baghlan Province, Afghanistan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# The Search for Truth by Natural Light

The Search for Truth by Natural Light (La recherche de la vérité par la lumière naturelle) is an unfinished philosophical dialogue by René Descartes “set in the courtly culture of the ‘honnête homme’ and ‘curiosité’.” It was written in French (presumably after the Meditations was completed) but that was lost around 1700 and remained lost until a partial copy was discovered in G.W. Leibniz's papers in Hanover in 1908 and published in the Adam-Tannery edition of Descartes's works and correspondence (vol. X, pp. 495-532). A Latin translation, Inquisitio Veritatis per Lumen Naturale, was published in 1683 as part of Renati Des-Cartes Musicae compendium (Blaviana printing house, Amsterdam) and again in 1701 as part of R. Des-Cartes Opuscula posthuma, physica et mathematica (Apud Janssonio-Waesbergios, Boom et Goethals, Amsterdam); it was also included in a Dutch translation of a collection of letters from Descartes published in 1684 by J.H. Glazemaker.
A definitive edition, containing the partial French text plus the fuller Dutch and Latin translations on facing pages was published in 2002. The opening passage (translated by Norman Kemp Smith to English in 1957) "is a helpful commentary on the argument of Articles 74-78" of The Passions of the Soul.

## Descartes’s intent

Descartes begins by observing that "even though all the science that we can desire is to be found in books, what they contain of good is mixed with so many uselessness, and dispersed in the mass of so many large volumes, that for it would take longer to read than human life gives us, and to recognize what is useful in it, more talent than to find it ourselves. He therefore adds: "This is what makes me hope that the reader will not be sorry to find here a more abbreviated way, and that the truths which I will put forward will be acceptable to him, although I do not borrow them from Plato or to Aristotle."

## The dialogue

Descartes then imagines a conversation between three characters: Eudoxus (Descartes's "mouthpiece"), Polyander and Epistemon. Eudoxus is a man endowed with an ordinary mind, but whose judgment is not spoiled by any false opinion, and who has all his reason intact, as he received it from nature; in his country house, where he lives, he receives a visit from two men of the greatest mind, and the most distinguished of the century, one of whom (Polyander) has never studied anything, while the other (Épistemon ) knows very well everything that can be learned in schools.
Eudoxus praises the merits of doubt: "Only pay me your attention; I will take you further than you think. Indeed, it is from this universal doubt that, as from a fixed and immutable point, I have resolved to derive the knowledge of God, of yourself, and of all that the world contains".

### The cogito

Descartes provides, in this reply by Eudoxus to Epistemon, his only statement of the cogito per se, and admits that his insight is also expressible as dubito, ergo sum:
# Sinú Valley dry forests

The Sinú Valley dry forests (NT0229) is an ecoregion in the north of Colombia.

## Geography
### Location

The Sinú Valley is an area of 2,512,288 hectares (6,208,000 acres). located within the zone of parallel, north-northeast trending hills that lies between the low-point Magdalena and the Gulf of Urabá in Northwestern Colombia.
In the north, the ecoregion surrounds the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Santa Marta montane forests ecoregion. To the north it transitions into patches of the Guajira–Barranquilla xeric scrub ecoregion, and into a section of Amazon–Orinoco–Southern Caribbean mangroves along the coast. To the southeast it transitions into the Cordillera Oriental montane forests ecoregion and in the south meets the Magdalena Valley montane forests ecoregion. To the southwest it transitions into the Magdalena–Urabá moist forests ecoregion.

### Climate

At a sample location at coordinates 10°15′N 74°15′W﻿ / ﻿10.25°N 74.25°W﻿ / 10.25; -74.25 the Köppen climate classification is "Tropical wet and dry or savanna (Aw)". Mean temperatures range from 26.9 °C (80.4 °F) in October to 28.4 °C (83.1 °F) in March and April. Total annual rainfall is about 1,490 millimetres (59 in). There is a dry season with little rainfall from December to March. The rest of months lack a strict pattern of rainfall, except for the peak of October which has a rainfall mean that is very high compared to the rest of the year. Monthly rainfall ranges from 24.8 millimetres (0.98 in) in December to 241.5 millimetres (9.51 in) in October.

## Ecology

The ecoregion is in the neotropical realm, in the tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome.

### Fauna

Endangered mammals include black-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps), Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) and red-crested tree-rat (Santamartamys rufodorsalis).

## Status

The World Wildlife Fund gives the ecoregion the status of "Critical/Endangered".
# John Gratton Wilson

John Gratton Wilson (18 August 1863 – 20 August 1948) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Villiers and Heytesbury from 1902 to 1903 and a Free Trade Party member of the Australian House of Representatives for Corangamite from 1903 to 1910.
Gratton Wilson was born in Melbourne and educated at the Percy Watkins School in West Melbourne and Wesley College. He studied medicine at the University of London and practised in Somerset, England until 1896, when he returned to Australia, becoming a doctor and farmer at "Farnham Park" near Warrnambool. He was the Warrnambool president of the Australian Natives Association, honorary secretary of the Warrnambool Hospital and secretary of a local Patriotic League.
In 1902, he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the seat of Villiers and Heytesbury on a platform of "assisting in every practicable way the interests of the dairyman, the agriculturalist and the pastoralist" alongside support for the economic reforms of the Irvine government. However, he resigned his state seat, which was about to be abolished in a redistribution, in November 1903 and successfully transferred to federal politics, winning the Australian House of Representatives seat of Corangamite as a member of the Free Trade Party.
In federal parliament, Gratton Wilson described himself as a protectionist but opposed the Protectionist Party due to his hostility towards their more positive relationship with the Labor Party. He thus went into Opposition to Alfred Deakin, but voted against free trade policies. His maiden speech, in March 1904, opposed proposals to increase House sitting days as it would be "too great a tax on businessmen's time". He was re-elected in 1906 but was defeated in 1910 by future Labor Prime Minister James Scullin. He attributed his defeat to "apathy and treachery" by anti-Labor supporters who thought he would win and did not assist him in the face of a strong Labor campaign and "misrepresentations and misunderstandings".
He served in World War I from 1916 to 1919 as a member of the Army Medical Corps, after which he returned to his Warrnambool medical practice and farm. He retired in 1920 and later moved to "Iluka" at Moonlight Head (later Yuulong) near Cape Otway. His Yuulong home was destroyed in bushfires in 1934, though he was still residing in the area in 1939 when he made a donation of 375 ferns to the Wombat Hill Botanic Gardens. He died at Colac, Victoria in 1948, aged 85.
# Philip Fysh

Sir Philip Oakley Fysh KCMG (1 March 1835 – 20 December 1919) was an English-born Australian politician. He arrived in Tasmania in 1859 and became a leading merchant in Hobart. He served two terms as premier of Tasmania (1877–1878, 1887–1892) and became a leader of the colony's federation movement. He subsequently won election to the new federal House of Representatives (1901–1910) and was invited to represent Tasmania in the first federal ministry, serving as minister without portfolio (1901–1903) and Postmaster-General (1903–1904).

## Early life

Fysh was born in Highbury, London, the son of John Fysh and his wife Charlotte. He was educated at the Denmark Hill school in Islington. At 13 years of age, Fysh commenced work in a London stockbroker's office, then he obtained a position in the office of a shipping firm, L. Stevenson & Sons, with Australian connections. Fysh migrated to Tasmania in 1859, becoming a leading merchant (establishing P. O. Fysh and Company), hop-grower and orchardist.

## Colonial politics

A Protectionist, Fysh was a member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council from 1866 to 1869, 1870 to 1873, 1884 to 1894, and of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1873 to 1878 (where he was treasurer in the Alfred Kennerley ministry until March 1875) and 1894 to 1899. Fysh became Premier and Chief Secretary of Tasmania in 1877, serving initially until 1878 and returning to the positions in 1887, serving to 1892. He was again elected to the assembly and was treasurer in Braddon's ministry from April 1894 to December 1898, when he was appointed Agent-General for Tasmania at London.

### Federation movement

Fysh took an important part in the federal movement in Tasmania. He was a representative of his colony at the 1891 and 1897 conventions, and was a member of the Australian delegation that watched the passing of the federal bill through the Imperial Parliament.

## Federal politics

Fysh was elected to the Australian House of Representatives in 1901 as a member for Division of Tasmania and was minister without portfolio until 1903. After Tasmania was split into five electoral divisions in 1903, Fysh was elected for the Division of Denison, based on Hobart. He was Postmaster-General 1903–04. He retired in 1910.

## Later life

Fysh was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in January 1896. He died in December 1919, aged 84. He was survived by five sons and four daughters. Fysh's wife, Esther Kentish Willis, was the daughter of William, a straw-hat manufacturer of Luton, Bedfordshire, who was also father of the judge and M.P. William Willis.

## Honours

The Canberra suburb of Fyshwick was named after him.
# Zacapala

Zacapala (municipality) is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Puebla in south-eastern Mexico.
# 1988 Summer Olympics Album: One Moment in Time

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
1988 Summer Olympics Album: One Moment in Time (titled as just One Moment in Time for some releases) is a compilation album that was released to coincide with the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. The album was released on August 30, 1988, by Arista Records. The album features songs by some of the most popular artists at the time of the album's release, including the title track, "One Moment in Time" by Whitney Houston.

## Track listing
### US edition

Original track listing order. Song list order differed on various album covers.
* "Olympic Spirit" – John Williams
* "One Moment in Time" – Whitney Houston
* "Fight (No Matter How Long)" – The Bunburys
* "Indestructible" – Four Tops
* "Reason to Try" – Eric Carmen
* "Shape of Things to Come" – Bee Gees
* "Peace in Our Time" – Jennifer Holliday
* "Willpower" – Taylor Dayne
* "That's What Dreams Are Made of" – Odds & Ends (Llory McDonald (vocals), Jim Vallance, Dave Plenn)
* "Harvest for the World" – The Christians
* "Rise to the Occasion" – Jermaine Jackson & La La (not on LP)
* "Olympic Joy" – Kashif
Source

### European edition

* "Olympic Spirit" – John Williams
* "One Moment in Time" – Whitney Houston
* "Fight (No Matter How Long)" – The Bunburys
* "Harvest for the World" – The Christians
* "Reason to Try" – Eric Carmen
* "Shape of Things to Come" – Bee Gees
* "Peace in Our Time" – Jennifer Holliday
* "Willpower" – Taylor Dayne
* "That's What Dreams Are Made of" – Odds & Ends
* "Rise to the Occasion" – Jermaine Jackson & La La (not on LP)
* "Olympic Joy" – Kashif

### Brazil, Greece editions

The track listing varies depending on country of release.
* "Olympic Spirit" – John Williams
* "One Moment in Time" – Whitney Houston
* "Fight (No Matter How Long)" – The Bunburys
* "Indestructible" – Four Tops
* "Reason to Try" – Eric Carmen
* "Shape of Things to Come" – Bee Gees
* "Peace in Our Time" – Jennifer Holliday
* "Willpower" – Taylor Dayne
* "That's What Dreams Are Made of" – Odds & Ends
* "Harvest for the World" – The Christians
* "Olympic Joy" – Kashif

## Personnel

* Dick Bouchard, Jeff Lancaster – design
* Clive Davis – executive producer
* John Forsman – photography
* Gary Borman – executive music supervisor

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Keelmin's Comic Annewal

The Keelmin's Comic Annewal, for 1869 was a book, published and printed annually by John W. Chater, between (at least) 1869 and 1883. It contained a mixture of songs, poems, humorous tales, jokes, conundrums, tongue twisters and other items of frivolity.
The full title of the book was “The Keelmin's Comic Annewal, for 1869, gi'es ye the best bits o' wit an' wisdim, be the clivvorest cheps aboot Tyneside; Awl M'yed Oot O' Thor Awn Heeds, An 'Lustrayted Wi' Lots Iv Curius An' Clivvor Comic Cuts.Be J. L. Marcke an' C. H. Ross,(B'yeth Reg'lae Cawshins.) Price Sixpence – Reddy Munny------------(followed by 7 rules te buyers)------------J. W. Chater, 89, Clayton Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne”
A copy of most years books are now held at Beamish Museum.

## The publication

The front cover is as thus :-
THE KEELMIN'S COMIC ANNEWAL,
FOR 1869 GI'ES YE THE BEST BITS O' WIT AN' WISDIM BE THE CLIVVOREST CHEPS ABOOT TYNESIDE;
AWL M'YED OOT O' THOR AWN HEEDS,
AN 'LUSTRAYTED WI' LOTS IV CURIUS AN' CLIVVOR COMIC CUTS.
BE J. L. MARCKE AN' C. H. ROSS,
(B'YETH REG'LAE CAWSHINS.)
PRICE SIXPENCE – REDDY MUNNY – - – - – - –
RULES TE BUYERS – - – - – - –
J. W. CHATER, 89, CLAYTON STREET Newcastle-upon-Tyne
The cost of the publication was “Price sixpence- Reddy Munny

## Contents

The contents cover many topics, mainly written in the Geordie dialect, often very broad.
Below is a small sample of the type of items these annuals contained :-

### Songs

* Awd Grey Meer – (The), to the tune of The Pladdie awa (1873 annual)
* Bellman's penshun, to the tune of Bow, wow, wow (1873 annual)
* Bobbies and the claes line – (The) or the weshorwives' rivvenge, to the tune of Weshorwife or Man i' the m'yun (1869 annual)
* Dispairin' K'yuk O' Howdin – (The) (1869 annual)
* Drop ahint the door – (A), to the tune of Yen kiss ahint the door (1873 annual)
* Fortniths Wages Weekly – (A), to the tune of King o' the Cannibal Islands, written by Ralph Blackett, (1871 annual)
* Gannin' te the well, to the tune of Awd lang syne (1873 annual)
* Geordy Black, written by Rowland Harrison, (1873 annual)
* Janey Grey, to the tune of Robin Thomsin's smiddy (1869 annual)
* Jimmy's brocken oot, to the tune of Row upon the stairs, written by Thomas Kerr, (1871 annual)
* Midhap – (A) or After Tom Hood – A long way (1873 annual)
* Nowt like a hoose o' yer awn, written by Rowland Harrison, (1873 annual)
* Penny show peep – (The), to the tune of Canny Newcassel (1873 annual)
* Pitman and the quack – (The) – (1873 annual)
* Shields forinor – (The) (Founded on facts), to the tune of Charmin young widow (1873 annual)
* Since aw hev been away, to the tune of An' sae will we yit, written by John Kelday Smith, (1871 annual)
* Thro' havin' nowt te de!, written by Joe Wilson, (1869 annual)
* When will they get it D'yun, to the tune of Ne luck aboot the hoose (1873 annual)
* Ye Knaw! Ye See, to the tune of The Railway Guard, written by Joe Wilson, (1873 annual)

### Example of riddles (1873 annual)

* What local name puts you in mind of Highland Firs? – Scotswood
* Why is a Circus Proprietor like a Clergyman at a wedding? – Neither can perform without a ring
# Bath chair

A bath chair—or Bath chair—was a rolling chaise or light carriage for one person with a folding hood, which could be open or closed. Used especially by disabled persons, it was mounted on three or four wheels and drawn or pushed by hand. It is so named from its origin in Bath, England.
If required, the chair could also be mounted on four wheels and drawn by a horse, donkey or small pony with the usual turning arrangement. These animal-drawn versions were the forerunners of the invalid carriage. James Heath, of Bath, who flourished before the middle of the 18th century, was the inventor of the bath chair, where bathing in the Roman Baths or visiting the nearby Pump Room was popular amongst sick visitors.
Later versions were a type of wheelchair which is pushed by an attendant rather than pulled by an animal. In the 19th century they were often seen at spa resorts such as Buxton and Tunbridge Wells. Some versions incorporated a steering device that could be operated by the person in the chair.
# Langen bei Bregenz

Langen bei Bregenz is a municipality in the district of Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
# Adrian Künzi

Adrian Künzi (born in 1973) is a Swiss private banker. He was appointed CEO of Notenstein Private Bank in 2012. Since 2018, he has been working for Bank UBP. Since autumn 2020 he has been in charge of the bank's European Markets.

## Background

Adrian Künzi has a doctorate in Finance from the University of St. Gallen as well as a master's degree in Management Studies from the University of Cambridge (UK). Between 2001 and 2003 he worked in investment banking at Goldman Sachs (Frankfurt). Thereafter he served as Head of the Investment Office at Wegelin & Co. Private Bankers. Starting 2007 he was a Managing Partner with unlimited liability until 2012. He established the Wegelin's presence in French-speaking Switzerland and was responsible for the development of the business with institutional clients and family offices. In January 2012 Adrian Künzi was appointed CEO of Notenstein Private Bank. Since 2018, he has been working for the Geneva-based Private Bank UBP. He is CEO of the bank's operations in Zurich and in September 2020, he has taken over the additional responsibilities for London, Luxembourg and Lugano. Further he holds selected mandates.