OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Luís de Almeida Portugal, 2nd Marquess of Lavradio

D. Luís de Almeida Portugal Soares de Alarcão de Eça e Melo Silva Mascarenhas, 2nd Marquis of Lavradio and 5th Count of Avintes (27 June 1729 – 2 May 1790) was a Portuguese nobleman and colonial administrator, Viceroy of Brazil from 1769 to 1778. He was the second ruler of the colony after its capital was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. He was the son and heir of the 1st Marquis of the same title, D. António de Almeida Soares e Portugal and his wife, D. Francisca das Chagas Mascarenhas, sister of the 8th Duke of Aveiro. During the Spanish invasion of Portugal in 1762, he commanded the 1st Cascais Infantry Regiment as its Colonel.

## Biography

He was appointed Viceroy of Brazil in 1769, his government lasted 10 years. In his government, the Marquis of Lavradio promulgated the regulation of the diamond district. This regulation, made by the Marquis of Pombal, and promulgated by the charter of 10 July 1771, is a clear proof of how thorough was the spirit of the great minister and rigor with which he proceeded in these inspections. About this regulation the Brazilian writer Pereira da Silva wrote that it ordered him to: 'limit the number of residents in the diamond district, and state their professions, and invested the steward of almost dictatorial and absolute powers in all matters military, administrative, judicial and police, reporting directly to the metropolitan government, and without any dependence of the captains, generals.
Amazing the thoroughness of his regiment. Frighten the precautions taken by the government. Severe penalties to prevent the smuggling themselves, that ever since the discovery was developed largely by the ease of transport and concealment of the product and, despite all precautions and important actions of the authorities, without humiliation story that residents were suffering, and hardship and untold barbarians who passed by, if not increased, not diminished however, continued its regular course otherwise progressive.
The Marquis of Lavradio also had to contend with the caveat raised in Brazil, mainly in relation to the gentiles, the extinction of the Society of Jesuits. The system of indoctrination was not abandoned because they are exempted him and banished the Jesuits out of the Portuguese dominions. Not enough, and even finding themselves empowered for that purpose the existing religious orders in Brazil, the Capuchins fervently followed the footsteps of Jesuit priests and was employed in the missions dispatched to the interior, in charge of calling the nomadic tribes of social life, leading them to abandon their wild habits.
In 1779, two years after the death of King Joseph I of Portugal, the Marquis of Lavradio left the government of Brazil, being replaced by Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa.
# Law Hieng Ding

Tan Sri Datuk Seri Law Hieng Ding (simplified Chinese: 刘贤镇; traditional Chinese: 劉賢鎮; pinyin: Liú Xiánzhèn; 4 October 1935 – 25 December 2018) was a Malaysian politician. He was the Minister of Science, Technology and Environment from 1990 to 2004. Between 1982 and 2008, Law was a member of parliament representing Sarikei.

## Education

He graduated from Nanyang University, Singapore in 1960 with a bachelor's degree of Commerce in Accountancy and Banking.

## Career and politics

Law started his political career in 1972 and has held the seat for the past six terms. He was a deputy minister from 1987 to 1990, and a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 2004. He was also the Deputy President of Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP) and Nantah Education & Research Foundation as well as chairman or director to a number of public companies and foundation.

## Death

Law died on 25 December 2018 at the age of 82 during the Christmas Day celebration.

## Election results

Parliament of Malaysia :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1982 | P142 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 8,389 | 48.42% | | Chong Siew Chiang (DAP) | 8,308 | 47.96% | 17,579 | 81 | |
| 1982 | P142 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 8,389 | 48.42% | | Nyandang Linang (IND) | 449 | 2.59% | 17,579 | 81 | |
| 1982 | P142 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 8,389 | 48.42% | | Ling Tung Lee (SAPO) | 178 | 1.03% | 17,579 | 81 | |
| 1986 | P166 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 10,589 | 51.26% | | Chong Siew Chiang (DAP) | 10,070 | 48.74% | 20,873 | 519 | 76.17% |
| 1990 | P168 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 12,584 | 61.22% | | Chian Pao Koh (DAP) | 7,972 | 38.78 | 20,799 | 4,612 | 73.45% |
| 1995 | P180 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | None | None | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed | Unopposed |
| 1999 | P181 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 15,212 | 65.41% | | Michael Tiang Ming Tee (DAP) | 7,849 | 33.75% | 23,568 | 7,363 | 70.32% |
| 1999 | P181 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 15,212 | 65.41% | | Yii Chu Lik (IND) | 197 | 0.85% | 23,568 | 7,363 | 70.32% |
| 2004 | P207 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 15,485 | 70.70% | | Ngu Tieng Hai (IND) | 3,886 | 17.74% | 22,173 | 11,599 | 61.80% |
| 2004 | P207 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 15,485 | 70.70% | | Ling Bit Tiing (IND) | 1,667 | 7.61% | 22,173 | 11,599 | 61.80% |
| 2004 | P207 Sarikei, Sarawak | Law Hieng Ding (SUPP) | 15,485 | 70.70% | | Junak Jawek (IND) | 864 | 3.94% | 22,173 | 11,599 | 61.80% |

## Honours

* Malaysia :
** Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (2005)
* Sarawak :
** Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS) – Dato Sri (1992)
* Penang :
** Commander of the Order of the Defender of State (DGPN) – Dato' Seri (2001)
# National Union of Workers (Sri Lanka)

The National Union of Workers (NUW) (Tamil: தொழிலாளர் தேசிய சங்கம், romanized: Toḻilāḷar Tēciya Caṅkam; Sinhala: කම්කරු ජාතික සංගමය, romanized: Kamkaru Jātika Saṁgamaya) is an active trade union representing workers in the tea plantations of Sri Lanka. The NUW was established in 1965 by V. K. Vellayan, a leader known for his effective mobilisation of the plantation labour force.
In its early years, V. K. Vellayan, also known as "VK," was recognised as a people's leader. He built the NUW by drawing leaders from the tea estates, shaping them into effective trade unionists. Some of the notable leaders who emerged under his guidance include P.V. Kandiah (PVK), Aiyadorai (known as Muttalai Rohini), Perumal, and Punniya Moorthi. VK mentored them in trade union politics, leadership, and management, ensuring a strong line of succession within the union.
Under VK's leadership, the NUW grew to become one of the leading trade unions in Sri Lanka, boasting nearly 500,000 members. It played a key role in the labour movement within the tea plantations. VK notably identified the distinction between the Employment Provident Fund (EPF) and service gratuity and successfully brought this issue before the Supreme Court, winning a landmark case in favour of the workers.
After VK's era, the NUW experienced a decline in membership. During this period, P. Thigambaram was elected as the union's president. He was later elected to the Central Provincial Council from the Nuwara Eliya District, with M. Udayakumar serving as vice president.
In the 2010 parliamentary elections, P. Thigambaram was elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka from the Nuwara Eliya District. In the 2015 General Election, he was re-elected with an overwhelming majority, alongside M. Thilakarajah, a poet and social activist from the Hill Country. This victory elevated P. Thigambaram to the position of Cabinet Minister, where his advocacy for the plantation community gained recognition, especially among youth and social activists.
# Cross Lake Islanders

The Cross Lake Islanders are a junior "B" ice hockey team based in Cross Lake, Manitoba. They are members of the Keystone Junior Hockey League (KJHL). The Islanders compete out of the Cross Lake Sports Arena, a 1,200-seat facility.

## History

Originally formed in 2006, the Islanders ceased operations after four seasons in the KJHL. The team struggled to be competitive in each of its first four seasons winning just 22 games.
After a five-year hiatus, the club returned to the league in 2015. Former Islanders player Harley Garrioch, who played college hockey at Neumann University in Philadelphia, returned home to lead the club.

## Season-by-season

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against
| Season | GP | W | L | T | OTL | GF | GA | Pts | Finish | Playoffs |
| 2006–07 | 40 | 6 | 32 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 191 | 343 | 9th | Did not qualify |
| 2007–08 | 40 | 7 | 30 | 0 | 3 | 17 | 184 | 378 | 8th | Lost Quarterfinals |
| 2008–09 | 36 | 7 | 25 | 0 | 4 | 18 | 158 | 263 | 8th | Lost Quarterfinals |
| 2009–10 | 32 | 2 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 116 | 401 | 8th | Lost Quarterfinals |
| 2015–16 | 34 | 15 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 224 | 216 | 3rd of 5, North 7th of 10, KJHL | Lost Semifinals, 1–3 (Storm) |
| 2016–17 | 34 | 18 | 15 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 199 | 185 | 2nd of 3, North 6th of 10, KJHL | Lost Quarterfinals, 1–3 (Storm) |
| 2017–18 | 34 | 13 | 20 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 210 | 210 | 2nd of 3, North 8th of 10, KJHL | Lost Quarterfinals, 0–3 (Fishermen) |
| 2018–19 | 28 | 21 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 43 | 230 | 157 | 1st of 4, KJHL | Won Semifinals, 3-0 (North Stars) Lost Finals 3-4 (Juniors) |
| 2019–20 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 198 | 205 | 4 of 5, KJHL | Won Quarterfinals, 2-0 (North Stars) Playoffs cancelled due to covid |
| 2020–21 | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic | Season lost due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021–22 | 32 | 7 | 22 | 0 | 3 | 17 | 147 | 284 | 5 of 5, KJHL | Lost Quarterfinals, 0-2 (North Stars) |
| 2022–23 | 34 | 5 | 27 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 153 | 283 | 6 of 6, KJHL | Lost Play In, 0-2 (Selects) |
| 2023–24 | 36 | 15 | 18 | 0 | 3 | 33 | 144 | 180 | 4 of 7, KJHL | Won Quarterfinals, 2-1 (Storm) Lost Se=mifinals 2-3 (Juniors) |

## Coaches

* Angus McDonald
* Nigel Sette
* Morgan Blacksmith
* Harley Garrioch
* Trent Spence
* Jeff Monias
* Dennis Trout
# Fire plough

A fire plough (or fire plow) is a firelighting tool. In its simplest form, it is two sticks rubbed together. Rubbing produces friction and heat, and eventually an ember. More advanced are "stick-and-groove" forms, which typically uses a V-shaped base piece of wood, and a "friction stick" as the activator.
The typical fire plough consists of a stick cut to a dull point, and a long piece of wood with a groove cut down its length. The point of the first piece is rubbed quickly through the groove of the second piece in a "plowing" motion, to produce hot dust that then becomes a coal. A split is often made down the length of the grooved piece, so that oxygen can flow freely to the coal/ember. Once hot enough, the coal is introduced to the tinder, more oxygen is added by blowing and the result is ignition.
# Division of Exercise and Sport Psychology

The Division of Exercise and Sport Psychology is an academic and professional society in the United States that represents interdisciplinary specialization that cuts across psychology and the sport sciences.
The Division serves as Division 47 of the American Psychological Association. This organization emphasizes both research and practice in sport and exercise psychology.

## Journals

* Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology (2012–)

## Division 47 presidents

* 1987–1989: William P. Morgan
* 1990–1991: Daniel Landers
* 1992–1993: Steven R. Heyman
* 1994–1995: Daniel S. Kirschenbaum
* 1996–1997: Robert N. Singer
* 1998–1999: Shane M. Murphy
* 2000–2001: Diane L. Gill
* 2002–2003: Kate F. Hays
* 2004: Judy van Raalte
* 2005: Frank M. Webbe
* 2006: Penny McCullagh
* 2007: Kirsten M. Peterson
* 2008: Christopher M. Carr
* 2009: Ed O. Acevedo
* 2010: Michael L. Sachs
* 2011: Jennifer Carter
* 2012: Gloria Balague
* 2013: Trent Petrie
* 2014: Christine Selby
* 2015: John Heil
* 2016: Anthony Kontos
* 2017: Vincent Granito
* 2018: Courney Albinson
# Aiguillon (Cèze)

The Aiguillon (French pronunciation: ) is a river in southern France, a tributary of the Cèze. It is 22 km (14 mi) long. It is the departments of Gard, in the Occitanie region. The source of the Aiguillon is on Mont Bouquet, west of Lussan. It flows through Lussan, Les Concluses, Goussargues where it joined by the Merderis and it flows into the Cèze upstream of La Roque-sur-Cèze.

## Les Concluses

The Aiguillon goes dry during the summer, but has carved out a rocky gorge called Les Concluses on the limestone plateau. From a viewpoint high above, the gorge is riddled with deep geological structures known as marmites des géants (potholes). In summer it is popular with walkers, who follow the water course under the steeply overhanging limestone valley sides. The walls of the gorge have many climbing routes of an average 8a difficulty. Similarly, the walls of the valley contain many caves and potholes. The largest one is the "Baume du Biou," or the Grotto of the Ox.
# Arona railway station

Arona railway station (Italian: Stazione di Arona) serves the town and comune of Arona, in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy.
The station forms part of the Lombard railway service, with local and direct connections with Milan.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Arona:
* RegioExpress: service every two hours between Domodossola and Milano Centrale.
* Regionale: service every two hours between Domodossola and Milano Porta Garibaldi and rush-hour service to Novara.
# Marianne Gustafsson

Marianne Gustafsson (25 February 1913 – 13 November 1999) was a Swedish swimmer. She competed in the women's 200 metre breaststroke event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# Until God Shows

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Outburn | 8/10 |
| Out of the Blue | 3.3/5 |
Until God Shows is the third studio album by American post-hardcore solo project Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows. It was released on September 27, 2024, through Velocity and Equal Vision Records.

## Background

The band released the single "Hunger Pangs" on May 30, 2024, and announced a new album would be released later in the year. The single "Losers Stay Losers (Let-down)" was released on June 27, 2024, and revealed the album would be titled Until God Shows with a release date of September 27. A lyric video for the album's third single, "Malice", was released on July 25. The album's track listing was revealed on August 29 with the release of the single "It Follows".

## Personnel
### Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows

* Craig Owens – vocals, programming

### Additional

* Mitchell Rogers – guitar, bass, programming
* Blake Hardman – guitar
* Jonathan Dolese – producer
* Nick Scott – producer
* Erik Ron – additional production on track 1
* Andrew Baylis – producer (track 5)
* Michael Whitworth – producer (track 5)
# Kolchinsky

Kolchinsky or Kolchynskyy (Ukrainian: Колчинський; Russian: Колчинский) is a surname. The female form of the surname is Kolchinskaya (Russian: Кольчинская). Notable people with this surname include:
* Aleksandr Kolchinsky (1955–2002), Soviet Ukrainian wrestler
* Camilla Kolchinsky (1931–2016), Russian Jewish conductor
# PlayStation Magazine (Italy)

PlayStation Magazine, also known by the acronym PSM, is an Italian video game magazine specializing in all Sony video game consoles and handheld gaming platforms. The magazine features previews, reviews, and cheat codes for Sony games.

## History

Launched in 1997 as the italian version of an american magazine of the same name, the magazine was owned by a division of Future Publishing, Future Media Italy, until March 2007 when Sprea Media Italy acquired it. The first issue of the magazine was published in September 1997.
# Carina Jansson (athlete)

Carina Jansson (born 11 May 1966) is a Swedish sport shooter. She competed in rifle shooting events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## Olympic results

| Event | 1988 |
| 10 metre air rifle (women) | T-22nd |
| 50 metre rifle three positions (women) | 33rd |
# NEWFA Challenge Cup

The North East Wales FA Challenge Cup is a football knockout tournament involving teams from in North Wales who play in leagues administered and associated with the North East Wales Football Association.

## Previous winners

A full set of winners can be found below.

### 1960s

* 1969–70: – Brymbo Steelworks

### 1970s

* 1970–71: – Brymbo Steelworks
* 1971–72: – Bala Town
* 1972–73: – Gresford Athletic
* 1973–74: – Llangollen Town
* 1974–75: – Buckley Rovers
* 1975–76: – Rhosddu
* 1976–77: – Llay Welfare
* 1977–78: – Cefn Albion
* 1978–79: – Sunblest United
* 1979–80: – Buckley Town

### 1980s

* 1980–81: – Buckley Town
* 1981–82: – Brymbo Steelworks
* 1982–83: – Brymbo Steelworks
* 1983–84: – Llay Royal British Legion
* 1984–85: – Brymbo Steelworks
* 1985–86: – Mold Alexandra
* 1986–87: – Mold Alexandra
* 1987–88: – Mold Alexandra
* 1988–89: – Lex XI
* 1989–90: – Llay Royal British Legion

### 1990s

* 1990–91: – Lex XI
* 1991–92: – Gresford Athletic
* 1992–93: – Cefn Druids
* 1993–94: – Wrexham
* 1994–95: – Wrexham
* 1995–96: – Brymbo
* 1996–97: – Rhostyllen Villa
* 1997–98: – Wrexham
* 1998–99: – Flexsys Cefn Druids
* 1999–2000: – Oswestry Town

### 2000s

* 2000–01: – Buckley Town
* 2001–02: – Buckley Town
* 2002–03: – Buckley Town
* 2003–04: – Bala Town
* 2004–05: – Buckley Town
* 2005–06: – Buckley Town
* 2006–07: – Bala Town
* 2007–08: – Bala Town
* 2008–09: – Lex XI
* 2009–10: – Buckley Town

### 2010s

* 2010–11: – Rhos Aelwyd
* 2011–12: – Cefn Druids
* 2012–13: – Buckley Town
* 2013–14: – Cefn Druids
* 2014–15: – Mold Alexandra
* 2015–16: – Cefn Druids
* 2016–17: – Gresford Athletic
* 2017–18: – Ruthin Town
* 2018–19: – Cefn Druids
* 2019–20: – Competition not completed - Covid-19 pandemic

### 2020s

* 2020–21: – No competition - Covid-19 pandemic
* 2021–22: – Ruthin Town
* 2022–23: – Holywell Town
* 2023–24: – Flint Mountain
* 2024–25: –

## Number of competition wins

* Buckley Town – 9
* Brymbo Steelworks/ Byrmbo – 6
* Cefn Druids – 6
* Bala Town – 4
* Mold Alexandra – 4
* Gresford Athletic – 3
* Lex XI – 3
* Wrexham – 3
* Llay Royal British Legion – 2
* Ruthin Town – 2
* Buckley Rovers – 1
* Cefn Albion – 1
* Flint Mountain – 1
* Holywell Town – 1
* Llangollen Town – 1
* Llay Welfare – 1
* Oswestry Town – 1
* Rhos Aelwyd – 1
* Rhosddu – 1
* Rhostyllen Villa – 1
* Sunblest United – 1
# Christian Kallinger

Christian Kallinger (born 13 June 1982) is an Austrian professional darts player who plays in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.
# T. Sydney Blackburn

Tyre Sydney Blackburn (February 27, 1898 – ?) was a farmer and state legislator in Georgia, United States. A Democrat, he served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1953 to 1956 from Habersham County, Georgia. He was married to Lillie Mae Shirley Blackburn and had several children.
# Along North Assembly Constituency

Along North Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the India state of Arunachal Pradesh.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1978 | Lijum Ronya | People's Party of Arunachal |
| 1980 | Talong Taggu | Indian National Congress |
| 1984 | Lijum Ronya | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### Assembly Election 1984

1984 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Along North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Lijum Ronya | 2,811 | 32.21% | New |
| | INC | Talong Taggu | 2,763 | 31.66% | New |
| | Independent | Tamyo Taga | 2,460 | 28.19% | New |
| | Independent | Doyom Likar | 694 | 7.95% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 48 | 0.55% | 1.83 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,728 | 82.79% | 7.42 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 10,903 | | 22.44 |
| | BJP gain from INC(I) | BJP gain from INC(I) | Swing | 18.98 | |

### Assembly Election 1980

1980 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Along North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | INC(I) | Talong Taggu | 3,311 | 51.19% | New |
| | PPA | Lijum Ronya | 3,157 | 48.81% | 2.32 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 154 | 2.38% | 20.61 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,468 | 74.45% | 7.28 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,905 | | 7.21 |
| | INC(I) gain from PPA | INC(I) gain from PPA | Swing | 0.06 | |

### Assembly Election 1978

1978 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election : Along North :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PPA | Lijum Ronya | 3,394 | 51.13% | New |
| | Independent | Talong Taggu | 1,868 | 28.14% | New |
| | JP | Nyodek Yonggam | 1,376 | 20.73% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 1,526 | 22.99% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,638 | 81.96% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 8,306 | | |
| | PPA win (new seat) | PPA win (new seat) | PPA win (new seat) | PPA win (new seat) | PPA win (new seat) |
# Piane di Larino railway station

Piane di Larino railway station (Italian: Stazione di Piane di Larino) is a former railway station on the Termoli-Campobasso line.
The station was closed on 15 December 2001 and continues to have an active level crossing.
# Annika Johansson

Annika Johansson (born 4 March 1967) is a Swedish freestyle skier.
She won a bronze medal in ski ballet at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1995. She also won bronze medals in ski ballet in the 1997 and 1999 world championships.
She took part in the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, where si ballet was a demonstration event.
# Léo Pétrot

Léo Pétrot (born 15 April 1997) is a French professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Ligue 1 club Saint-Étienne.

## Career

A youth product of US Monistrol, Olympique Saint-Etienne, and Saint-Étienne, Pétrot began his senior career with the reserves of Saint-Étienne. He thereafter moved to the senior team of Andrézieux. On 16 July 2021, he signed a professional contract with FC Lorient. He made his professional debut with Lorient in a 2–2 Ligue 1 tie with RC Lens on 29 August 2021.
On 30 August 2022, Pétrot returned to his youth club Saint-Étienne and signed a three-year contract.
# Ixiolite

Ixiolite is an accessory oxide mineral found in granitic pegmatites. It is an oxide with the general chemical formula (Ta,Nb,Sn,Mn,Fe)$_4$O$_8$ or (Ta,Mn,Nb)O$_2$.

## Structure

Ixiolite was originally reported as crystallizing in the monoclinic crystal system. Detailed studies of the scandium, tin and titanium rich varieties indicate that they form crystals in the orthorhombic system whereas tungsten ixiolite is monoclinic.

## Discovery and occurrence

It was first described in 1857 for an occurrence at Skogsböle, Kimito Island, Finland. The name is for Ixion, the Greek mythological character related to Tantalus, as the mineral contains tantalum.
Ixiolite is typically associated with feldspar, tapiolite, cassiterite, microlite, and rutile.

## Substitution and varieties

Trace elements include zirconium, hafnium, titanium and tungsten.
As with other tantalum and niobium bearing minerals considerable substitution and a number of varieties exist. Substitutions in the formula are common and the varieties stannian ixiolite (tin), titanian ixiolite (titanium) and wolframian ixiolite (tungsten) have been reported.
Scandium is present in many ixiolite sample with percentages up to 4.0 percent Sc$_2$O$_3$, but usually less than one percent scandium oxide. High scandium ixiolites, containing from 4 to 19% scandium oxide are typically also rich in tin and titanium.

## Economic importance

Ixiolite together with microlite, tantalite, tapiolite, wodginite are the most important minerals mined for the element tantalum. Ixiolite contains about 69 % tantalum oxide (Ta$_2$O$_5$) and is a common constituent of coltan ore.