OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hargaya

Hargaya (Harari: ሀርጋየ Härgayä) was a historical Muslim state in present-day eastern Ethiopia. It was located east of the Awash River on the Harar plateau in Adal alongside Gidaya and Hubat states. It neighbored other polities in the medieval era including Ifat, Fedis, Mora, Biqulzar and Kwelgora.

## History

The people of Hargaya were reportedly a sub clan of the Harla people. In the fourteenth century Hargaya elected Imam Salih to battle the forces of Abyssinian emperor Amda Seyon I. According to the fifteenth century emperor of Ethiopia's Baeda Maryam I chronicle, Hargaya's ruler took the title Garad.
According to sixteenth century Adal writer Arab Faqīh, the people of Hargaya fought in the army of Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi leader of Adal Sultanate. Researcher Mahdi Gadid states Hargaya alongside Gidaya domains were primarily inhabited by the Harari people before being assimilated by the Oromo and Somali people. Historian Merid Wolde Aregay deduced that the Hargaya state language was Harari. In the later half of the sixteenth century Hargaya state would be ravaged by the Oromo invasions.
# Macao Cultural Centre

The Macao Cultural Centre (MCC; Chinese: 澳門文化中心; Portuguese: Centro Cultural de Macau) is a cultural centre in Sé, Macau.

## History

The cultural centre was founded in 1999 with a cost of US$100 million. In August 2017, the roof of the cultural center was damaged due to Typhoon Hato.

## Architecture

The cultural center is housed in a five-storey building with a total area of 45,000 m$^2$.

## Activities

The cultural center regularly hold musical performances.
# Jacques Joseph Coiny

Jacques-Joseph, Jacques Joseph or Joseph Coiny (19 March 1761 – 28 May 1809) was a French engraver.

## The Aretin or Collection of Erotic Postures

His best-known work remains his 20 engravings of erotic poses for Augustine Carracci's The Aretin or Collection of Erotic Postures, published by Pierre Didot in Paris in 1798.
Its title refers to the supposed but impossible collaboration between Agostino Carracci (1557–1602) and Pietro Aretino (1492–1556) on a collection of erotic images and verse entitled I Modi, but it was not based on their work.
Instead, Coiny's works seem to have been inspired by the erotic poses in 'The Loves of the Gods' executed in Antwerp at the start of the 17th century in burin by Pieter de Jode I (1570–1634). This theory is one of at least two theories that each describe what images Augustine Carracci's The Aretin or Collection of Erotic Postures was based on. In effect, Coiny seems to have had a set of six anonymous prints, but it is difficult to say precisely which.
"L'Arétin" in the title probably does not specifically refer to Pietro Aretino and his original poems for I Modi – by the mid 17th century, an "Arétin" referred to any work reproducing pornography using mythological scenes.

## Other works and pupils

Coiny's other works include engravings of battle paintings by Louis-François Lejeune. His pupils included Théodore Richomme and his son Joseph Coiny won the Prix de Rome for engraving in 1816.
# Laurier-Station

Laurier-Station (French pronunciation:) is a village municipality in Lotbinière Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population is 2,570 as of the Canada 2021 Census.
It is named after its train station, Laurier, itself named in honour of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier. It is also the town where the professional hockey player David Desharnais was born.

## History

Laurier-Station was originally part of Saint-Flavien but split away in 1951 to become a municipality of its own. The railway station, built in 1880, launched the development of the region. In the 1950s, the advent of the Trans-Canada Highway and furniture manufacturing industries propelled its development.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Laurier-Station had a population of 2,570 living in 1,126 of its 1,164 total private dwellings, a change of -0.1% from its 2016 population of 2,573. With a land area of 12.16 km$^2$ (4.70 sq mi), it had a population density of 211.3/km$^2$ (547.4/sq mi) in 2021.

## Notable people

* Laurent Beaudoin – businessman
* David Desharnais - ice hockey player
# Self-Portrait (Bol)

Self-Portrait is an oil-on-canvas painting executed c. 1669 by the Dutch painter Ferdinand Bol. It is held in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. Showing the artist in an embroidered robe leaning on a small sculpture of Cupid, it is thought to have been painted on the occasion of his second marriage to Anna van Erckel in 1669.
It is probably the self-portrait mentioned in the probate records relating to the artist's unmarried son Elbert, though it is unknown to whom it was bequeathed. It was sold as lot number 9 at a Weduwe C. Roos auction of the collection owned by a man named Wreesman on 17 August 1818. It was bought by Albertus Brondgeest, who left it to its current owner in 1849.

## Exhibition history

* Historische Tentoonstelling van Amsterdam, gehouden in den Zomer van 1876, Oudemannenhuis, Amsterdam, 1876.
* Prijst de lijst. De Hollandse schilderkunst in de zeventiende eeuw, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 6 April - 1 July 1984, cat.nr. 61, p. 2, 24, 234, 244, 266.
* Portretten van echt en trouw, Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem, 15 February - 13 April 1986, cat.nr. 9, p. 87.
* De glorie van de Gouden Eeuw. Nederlandse kunst uit de 17de eeuw. Schilderijen, beeldhouwkunst en kunstnijverheid, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 15 April - 17 September 2000, ISBN 90-400-9433-0, cat.nr. 74, p. 119.
# Uniradze

Uniradze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stężyca, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Stężyca, 18 km (11 mi) south-west of Kartuzy, and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Natty

Natty may refer to:

## People with the given name

* Natty Dominique (1896-1982), American jazz trumpeter
* Natty Hollmann (1939-2021), Argentine philanthropist
* Natty King (born 1977), Jamaican Reggae artist
* Natty Zavitz, actor in Degrassi: The Next Generation

## People with the nickname

* Natty (British singer) (born 1983), American-British singer-songwriter
* Natty (Thai singer) (born 2002), Thai K-pop singer
* Natarajan "Natty" Subramaniam, Indian actor and cinematographer

## Fictional characters

* Natty Bumppo, protagonist of the Leatherstocking Tales novels
* Natty (Hollyoaks), in the British TV soap opera
* the protagonist of The Journey of Natty Gann, a 1985 Disney film
* Natalie "Natty" Hillard, in the 1993 film Mrs. Doubtfire

## Other uses

* slang for Natural bodybuilding, particularly in the bodybuilding community (where it refers to abstention from performance-enhancing drugs)
* Natural Light and related beers, also called Natty
* a nickname for the College Football Playoff National Championship Trophy, also commonly used for any NCAA sports championship
# Wandowo, Chojnice County

Wandowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czersk, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) west of Czersk, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Chojnice, and 91 km (57 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wierzchowo-Dworzec

Wierzchowo-Dworzec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człuchów, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Człuchów and 115 km (71 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wola-Sosenka

Wola-Sosenka is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kwidzyn, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Kwidzyn and 73 km (45 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# 2018 Bulgarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union

Bulgaria held the presidency of the Council of the European Union during the first half of 2018. The presidency was the second of three presidencies making up a presidency trio, which began with the presidency of Estonia, and was followed by that of Austria. It was the first time Bulgaria had held the presidency. The motto that was chosen for the presidency was "United we stand strong".

## Overview

The Bulgarian presidency had four major points on its agenda: (1) closing socioeconomic gaps, (2) planning for integration with states of the Western Balkans, (3) providing security and stability, and (4) adapting the economy in response to digital advances. The presidency also had to face issues pertaining to the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (Brexit), the continuing influx of refugees and migrants, and the planning for a new multiyear budget for the union.
Vladislava Gubalova, a research fellow at the GLOBSEC Policy Institute, described the presidency as "more about style than substance". Gubalova stated that although the presidency did not make any major missteps, the progress that it made would likely not be seen as historic. Overall, Gubalova considered the presidency satisfactory, and reported that it showed that Bulgaria was able to competently handle the competing interests of the European Union.

## Gallery

* Bulgarian prime minister Boyko Borisov at the opening ceremony of the Bulgarian presidency, at Sofia's National Palace of Culture, 11 January 2018
* Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov with President of the European Council Donald Tusk in Sofia, 11 January 2018
* Bulgarian President Rumen Radev with President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker in Sofia, 12 January 2018
# Georgina Carreras

Georgina 'Gio' Carreras Caner (born 9 June 1989) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder. She previously played for UE L'Estartit, Atlético Madrid and CE Sant Gabriel.
She was an Under-19 international.

## Personal life

Carreras is in a relationship with Dutch footballer Mandy van den Berg.
# Freedom (application)

Freedom (often referred to as the Freedom app) is a computer program designed to keep a computer or smartphone user away from the Internet for up to eight hours at a time. It is described as a way to "free you from distractions, allowing you time to write, analyze, code, or create." The program was written by Fred Stutzman, a Ph.D student at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Since its initial release, Freedom has expanded its features and platform availability:
Recent Updates: As of December 2024, the iOS version (6.36) addressed issues with the End Session timer related to time zone changes and included several bug fixes to enhance app performance.
The Windows version (2.29), updated in October 2024, removed session countdowns for trial users and made other improvements.
# Saitama Shintoshin Route

The Saitama Shintoshin Route (埼玉新都心線, Saitama Shintoshin-sen), signed as Route S2, is one of the five routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area that are located within Saitama Prefecture. The 5.8-kilometer (3.6 mi) long radial highway runs east from Yono Junction in the western part of the city of Saitama to Saitama-minuma in the central part of the city. It primarily connects the central part of Saitama to the Ōmiya Route and, by extension, the Ikebukuro Route which connects it to the rest of the Shuto Expressway system and central Tokyo.

## Route description

Route S2 route begins at Yono Junction where it meets the Shin-Ōmiya Bypass, signed as National Routes 16 and 17, in western Saitama as a continuation east for the Ōmiya Route. The expressway is a limited-access road, but is a two-lane expressway with only one travel lane in each direction. From this western terminus, it travels east towards central Saitama. Route S2 meets its eastern terminus at Saitama-minuma where it has an intersection with Saitama Prefecture Route 1. Much of the Saitama Shintoshin Route is carried through tunnels below Ōmiya and Saitama-Shintoshin stations, only the sections near the termini of the route are not underground.

## Future

There are plans to extend the Saitama Shintoshin Route to the east from its current terminus at Saitama-minuma to a junction with the Tōhoku Expressway.

## History

The first section of the Saitama Shintoshin Route between the expressway's western terminus at Yono Junction and Shintoshin-nishi, was opened to traffic on 17 April 2000. The next section between Shintoshin-nishi and Shintoshin was opened on 26 May 2004 after delays caused by unstable soil made construction difficult. The final section of the expressway between Shintoshin and the eastern terminus at Saitama-minuma was opened on 4 August 2006.

## Junction list

The route lies entirely within Saitama Prefecture.
| Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| Saitama | 0.0 | 0.0 | — | Yono | Ōmiya Route National Route 16 / National Route 17 (Shin-Ōmiya Bypass) | Western terminus, expressway continues south as the Ōmiya Route; eastbound exit, westbound entrance |
| Saitama | 1.31.9 | 0.811.2 | S201/S202 | Shintoshin-nishi | Saitama Prefecture Route 56 – Ōmiya Station | |
| Saitama | 2.64.4 | 1.62.7 | S203/S204 | Shintoshin | Sangyo-dōro – Super Arena | |
| Saitama | 5.8 | 3.6 | S205 | Saitama-minuma | Saitama Prefecture Route 1 – Ageo, Kawaguchi | Eastern terminus; signaled at-grade junction |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Route transition |||||||
# Kazi Shahid Ahmed

Kazi Shahid Ahmed (7 November 1940 – 28 August 2023) was a Bangladeshi businessman journalist, sports organiser, writer, publisher and retired military officer who established the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Ajker Kagoj, and the Gemcon Group.

## Early life and education

Ahmed was born on 7 November 1940 in Jessore in the then Bengal Province, British India. He studied engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore.

## Career

After graduation, Ahmed joined the army and retired as a lieutenant colonel.
After retirement, Ahmed founded Gemcon Group in 1979. He started publishing Ajker Kagoj in 1991. In 2002, he established University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh. He also served as its vice-chancellor until 2007.
Ahmed was the editor and publisher of Ajker Kagoj. He was also a founder of Dhaka Tribune and Bangla Tribune. In 1995, Shahid's first novel was released to the public. His most popular books and novels are "Amar Lekha," "Ghore Agun Legeche," "Bhairab," "Pasha," "Datey Kata Pencil," and "Opekkha."
Ahmed served as an organizer for Abahani Limited Dhaka, a Bangladeshi sports club, since 1976. He played a major role in administering the football club following the death of its founder, Sheikh Kamal, during the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He remained involved with Abahani until his death.

## Personal life and death

Kazi Shahid Ahmed was married to Ameenah Ahmed, a singer. The had three sons, Kazi Nabil Ahmed, a Awami League politician, Kazi Anis Ahmed, a publisher, and Kazi Inam Ahmed, a director of Bangladesh Cricket Board.
Ahmed died on 28 August 2023, at the age of 82.
# Ting tong

Ting Tong may refer to:
* Ting Tong (TV series), a 2020 Indian animated television series, spin-off from Gattu Battu
* Ting Tong Macadangdang, a character from the UK television series Little Britain
* Inner Ting Tong and Outer Ting Tong, near Budleigh Salterton in South East Devon, England; see Thing (assembly) § Viking and medieval society
# Aprilia SXR

The Aprilia SXR is a scooter from the Italian manufacturer Aprilia.

## History

Previewed at the Auto Expo at Delhi in February 2020, production takes place in the factory Piaggio of Baramati in end of November.
The SXR was initially launched in the Indian market in the displacement from 160 cm$^3$, followed by two more cubicles, the 50 that made its debut in April 2021 and 125 in July.
All engines are characterized by having a single cylinder a cycle eight four stroke, of Piaggio derivation of the I-Get family and approved Euro 5, equipped with a system of electronic injection and characterized by distribution SOHC 3-valve.
The frame is composed of a single-cradle structure in tubes of steel assisted by elements in pressed sheet metal. At the front there is one telescopic fork hydraulic while at the rear axle a single shock absorber, adjustable in 5 positions. The gearbox is an automatic CVT with continuous variation.
On the 50 cm$^3$ version the circles are 12” and fit tires measuring 120/70. On this engine, the engine delivers a maximum torque of 3.3 Nm at 6250 rpm and a power of 2.4 Kw at 7000 rpm. The braking system consists of a 220 mm front disc with a double piston caliper and a 140 mm rear drum.
Only version 50 is imported on the European market, replacing the previous one Aprilia SR Max released production in 2020.
# Julie VanOrden

Julie VanOrden (born in Pocatello, Idaho) is a Republican Idaho State Representative since 2012 representing District 31 in Seat B.

## Education

Born Julie Tsukamoto, she attended Blackfoot High School, the College of Southern Idaho, and earned her associate degree from Idaho State University's vocational technical school.

## 2018 primary election

On May 15, 2018, Julie VanOrden was defeated by Blackfoot area political activist, home-educator, and stay-at-home mother of 10 children, Julianne Young. Young campaigned against VanOrden's efforts to update Idaho sex education statue which dated by to the 1970s.

## Idaho Public Charter School Commission

In July, 2018 Rep. VanOrden was appointed by Idaho House Speaker Scott Bedke to serve a four-year term on the Idaho Public Charter School Commission. The commission oversees the regulation of charter schools in the State of Idaho.

## Election history

District 31 House Seat B - Bingham County :
| Year | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Candidate | Votes | Pct |
| 2012 Primary | Julie VanOrden | 3,891 | 62.4% | Jim Marriott (incumbent) | 2,340 | 37.6% |
| 2012 General | Julie VanOrden | 12,989 | 75.8% | Jeannie James | 4,148 | 24.2% |
| 2014 Primary | Julie VanOrden (incumbent) | 5,144 | 100.0% | | | |
| 2014 General | Julie VanOrden (incumbent) | 9,201 | 100.0% | | | |
| 2016 Primary | Julie VanOrden (incumbent) | 2,488 | 100.0% | | | |
| 2016 General | Julie VanOrden (incumbent) | 14,427 | 100.0% | | | |
| 2018 Primary | Julie VanOrden (incumbent) | 3,062 | 45.9% | Julianne Young | 3,616 | 54.1% |
# Evgeny Kurochkin

Yevgeny Nikolayevich Kurochkin (Евгений Николаевич Курочкин; 12 July 1940 - 13 December 2011) was a Russian paleornithologist at the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He served as President of the Menzbier Ornithological Society.
He graduated from the Moscow State University in 1964. Most of his field work was done in Central Asia, Mongolia, Cuba, and Vietnam. In 1982, Kurochkin described Ambiortus, which he thought to be the oldest ornithurine (modern-type bird). Kurochkin named the new species after his peer Georgi Petrovich Dementyev (1898-1969). In 2011, Kurochkin and Gareth J. Dyke described Eostrix tsaganica found in Mongolia, the first find of this primitive owl in Asia.
Opposing the theropod origin of modern birds, Kurochkin maintained that archosaurs and dinosaurs were two distinct lineages. He repeatedly questioned the assumption that Archaeopteryx and Enantiornithes were early birds. According to Kurochkin, those moderately derived theropods became extinct without leaving any descendants. He also supported the Protoavis hypothesis by Sankar Chatterjee.
The Aquila kurochkini Boev 2013, an extinct eagle from Bulgaria, is named after Yevgeny Kurochkin, as is the Longusunguis kurochkini Wang, Zhou, O’Connor et Zelenkov, 2014(first described in 2014). Other bird species named after Yevgeny Kurochkin are: Anas kurochkini Zelenkov et Panteleyev, 2014, Palaelodus kurochkini Zelenkov, 2013, Zheroia kurochkini Nessov, 1988, Falco kurochkini Suárez et Olson, 2001, Glaucidium kurochkini Campbell et Bocheński, 2012, Euronyctibius kurochkini Mourer-Chauviré, 1989 and Evgenavis nobilis O'Connor et al., 2014.
# Al Basty

Al Basty (Turkish: Albastı; Uzbek: Alvasti; Tatar, Kyrgyz, Kazakh: Албасты, Chuvash: Алпастă, Azerbaijani: Albasdı, Russian: Албасты́) or Al Kardai is an ancient female spirit, the personification of guilt, found in folklore throughout the Caucasus mountains, with origins going as far back as Sumerian mythology. Al means red, and bastı means pressure or pressing in Turkic languages.

## Other languages

* Bashkort: Албаҫты
* Uzbek: Alvasti
* Altai: Алвасти́
* Turkmen: Албассы
* Kyrgyz: Албарсты́
* Nogai: Албаслы́
* Kumyk: Албаслы́
* Balkar: Алмасты́
* Tajik: Албасти
* Lezgian: Алпаб
* Chechen: Алмазы
* Yaghnobian: Албасты
* Çuvaşça: Алпастă
* Sogdian: Олбасты
* Russian: Албасты́

## Caucasian and Middle Eastern folklore
### Sumerian folklore

A variation of the Al Basti myth stretches back into Sumerian times as one of the names given to Lilith. In later Rabbinical interpretations of the Talmud, she was regarded as the first wife of Adam, cast out of Paradise for her willfulness and independence. In this form much of the mythology surrounding Lilith has also been ascribed, in different accounts, to Al Basti, though with local regional variances taken into account.

### Turkic folklore

In Turkic folklore Al Basti has been often confused as both a Mare, a Succubus, as well as any number of Middle Eastern female spirits which are told to enter a man's erotic dreams. However, the difference in the Al Basti legends is that she is not a sexual spirit, she rather visits those “who have guilty souls” and “come from families that have committed bloody crimes that have gone unpunished.”
This spirit is mostly known as Al Karısı in Turkic folklore. It is believed that she mostly haunts women in their postpartum period which causes emergence of phycological problems. Therefore, traditional practices applied for 40 days for these women as a part of postpartum care.
According to scholar Özhan Öztürk those who Al Basti visits are said to wake up in “an intense fever ... She is also known to steal horses, who are found sweating and exhausted in the morning, and unable to provide a full day's work. Due to her torments, she is also known as the 'red mother'.”

### Armenian folklore

There is another version of Al Basti found in Armenian folklore, referred to simply as Āl, a “demon of childbirth who blinds unborn children and causes miscarriages and stillbirths to women who have committed crimes that have gone unpunished. In this form she appears as spirit of flame, with snake-like hair, brass fingernails and iron teeth ... [she] hides in damp places.” According to Ann and Imel there is a similar legend found in Afghanistan.