OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James T. Londrigan

James T. Londrigan (February 23, 1925 - May 31, 2019) was an American politician who served as a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives and as a Justice of the Illinois Appellate Court.

## Biography

Londrigan was born in Springfield. He is an alumnus of the University of Illinois as well as the Chicago-Kent College of Law and practiced law at the firm Londrigan and Londrigan, in Springfield. He was married to Marilyn Brust and had five children.
Londrigan was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives on August 1, 1968, to fil the vacancy created by the resignation of Allan T. Lucas. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1969 to 1976. He served the 51st district from 1969 to 1971 and the 50th from 1972 to 1976.
In the 1976 general election, Londrigan defeated Republican candidate and former State Representative W. Joseph Gibbs to be elected Sangamon County Resident Judge after the retirement of William D. Conway. The 50th District Legislative Committee appointed John R. Keith of Taylor Springs to fill the vacancy created when Londrigan resigned to become a judge. He was appointed to serve as a justice for the fourth district of the Illinois Appellate Court for a term beginning June 1, 1981 and ending December 6, 1982 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James C. Craven.
Jerry S. Rhodes succeeded Londrigan as a judge of the 7th Judicial Circuit.
# Wichenstein Castle

Wichenstein Castle is a castle in the municipality of Oberriet of the Canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
# Jack Obersteller

Jack Lewis Obersteller (born 10 October 1988) is a footballer who plays for Welling United.

## Career

Obersteller started his career as a trainee at Millwall, however he failed to make an appearance and moved on to Crawley Town before signing for Wycombe Wanderers, where he was loaned out to Grays Athletic.
He signed a one-year contract with newly promoted Exeter City in the summer of 2008.
Obersteller rejoined Grays Athletic on 28 August.
Obersteller was then released by Grays in September 2009, and joined Welling United in November 2010. He was voted players' player of the season and came second in the fans player of the season vote at the end of 2010–11. First Autistic player to be released for his autism and for being rubbish and for having a massive forehead
# Carnwadric

Carnwadric is a residential area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated south of the River Clyde, and is bordered by a park to the north (King George V Park, on the other side of which is the Kennishead neighbourhood), the Arden housing estate to the west, by the village of Thornliebank (East Renfrewshire) to the south and by the Auldhouse Burn to the east.

## History

Carnwadric was a farm owned by Sir John Maxwell, one of approximately seven such large holdings owned by him and rented to others. It used to be called "Carnwatherick". Pollokshaws and Thornliebank are the nearest ancient villages and were created mainly because of the textile industry. Manufacturing and printing of cloth were the main industries and formed the livelihoods of many of the villagers. Several immigrants came to the area to work in the industry: Irish linen workers, as well as Dutch workers specialized in beetling (a form of transfer printing).
Building of the neighbourhood commenced in 1927 and the estate was opened in 1932. Adjoining Arden, the houses in Carnwadric are older and sturdier than those found in later 1950s social housing and are mostly brick and masonry.
The two and three story housing on Crebar Street, Hopeman Street, Hopeman Rd and Carnwardric Road were built in the 1970s.
The scheme had a temporary timber school located on Crebar Street, known by its pupils as 'The Widden schuil' or 'The Shack', it served the local children from 1932 until April 1939 when the brick Carnwadric Public School opened. Carnwadric Church was opened 19 September 1952. As of 2009, Carnwadric had only has one school, the Roman Catholic St. Vincent's Primary, it was recently demolished and remodeled after merging with Arden's St Louise's Primary. Carnwadric Primary, the area's former public school (opened on 28 April 1939) was closed and merged with Arden Primary as a newly built merger school called "Ashpark Primary School" (located in Arden). The site of the Carnwadric Primary will be used for new housing which are to begin construction in January 2013; the school's boundary walls are to be kept and used as part of the new development.
Carnwadric has a public playground named King George V Park. The park was opened on 28 May 1951 by Princess Elizabeth, now Queen Elizabeth II. Part of the park was sold off to Beazer Homes for access to their residential development at 'Regent's Park' which commenced in 1995.
The local retail area is in need of refurbishment and investment to return it to its 1940s and 1950s state. There are typical shops and other amenities at Thornliebank and a retail park a short drive away at Darnley which is also the access point for the M77 motorway to central Glasgow. Kennishead and Thornliebank railway stations are located at the western and eastern ends of Boystone Road respectively.

## Notable residents

* Brian "Limmy" Limond, comedian, grew up in Carnwadric and attended Carnwadric Primary School
* Bobby Wellins, tenor saxophonist
# Pterolophia bisulcaticollis

Pterolophia bisulcaticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1926.
# Waynesville Municipal Building

The Waynesville Municipal Building, also known as the Former US Post Office Building, is a historic post office building located at Waynesville, Haywood County, North Carolina. Its construction in 1917 was supervised by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore, and is a two-story, brick rectangular building in the Classical Revival style with a one-story rear extension. It measures 58 feet by 73 feet and features brick Ionic order pilasters with granite bases and capitals. The building housed Waynesville's post office until 1966 when it was purchased by the Town of Waynesville to serve as its Municipal Building.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is located in the Waynesville Main Street Historic District.
# Chicha (disambiguation)

Chicha is a type of beverage of Latin America.
Chicha may also refer to:
* Chicha (art), a Peruvian Kitsch aesthetic
* Chicha (film), a 1991 Soviet comedy film
* Chicha, Pakistan, a village of Faisalabad District in the Punjab province, Pakistan
* Chicha Amatayakul (born 1993), a Thai actress, singer and model
* An Andean tropical music genre at the origin of Peruvian cumbia
# Avvaiyar (12th-century poet)

Avvaiyar was a Tamil poet who lived during the period of Kambar and Ottakoothar during the reign of the Chola dynasty in the twelfth century. She is often imagined as an old and intelligent lady by Tamil people. Many poems and the Avvai Kural, comprising 310 kurals in 31 chapters, belong to this period. She is most widely known for her 'Aathichoodi', 'Kondrai Vendhan', 'Nalvazhi' and 'Moodhurai'. The name Avvaiyar means a 'respectable good woman', hence a generic title; her personal name is not known.

## Biography

Avvaiyar was the court poet of the Chola monarch and was a contemporary of Kambar and Ottakkuttar. She found great happiness in the life of small children. Her works, Ātticcūṭi and Konraiventhan, written for young children, are even now generally read and enjoyed by them.
Her two other works, Mooturai and Nalvali were written for older children. All the four works are didactic in character—they explain the basic wisdom that should govern mundane life.

### Quotes

The following quotes from Aathichoodi illustrate the simplicity of her style and profoundness of the messages:
| Uyir Ezhuthu | ஆத்திசூடி | English translation |
| அ | அறம் செய விரும்பு | Intend to do right things |
| ஆ | ஆறுவது சினம் | Anger is momentary; do not take decisions during times of anger (in haste) |
| இ | இயல்வது கரவேல் | Help others based on your capacity |
| ஈ | ஈவது விலக்கேல் | Never stop aiding |
| உ | உடையது விளம்பேல் | Never boast possessions (wealth, skills, or knowledge) |
| ஊ | ஊக்கமது கைவிடேல் | Never lose hope or motivation |
| எ | எண் எழுத்து இகழேல் | Never degrade learning |
| ஏ | ஏற்பது இகழ்ச்சி | Begging is shameful |
| ஐ | ஐயமிட்டு உண் | Share what you eat |
| ஒ | ஒப்புர வொழுகு | Be virtuous |
| ஓ | ஓதுவது ஒழியேல் | Never stop learning or reading |
| ஒள | ஒளவியம் பேசேல் | Never gossip |
| ஃ | அஃகஞ் சுருக்கேல் | Never compromise in food grains |
| | 'anuvai thulaithezh kadalai pugatti Kuruga tharitha kural' | Thirukkural is as powerful as the energy of the seven large oceans compressed into a divided atom. |
"Thol Ulagil Nallaar Oruvar Ularael Avar Poruttu Ellarkum Peiyum Mazhai" – The rain falls on behalf of the virtuous, benefitting everyone in the world.
"Nandri Oruvarukku Seithakkal An Nandri Endru tharum kol ena vaenda nindru Thalara valar thengu Thaanunda Neerai Thalaiyaalae Thaan Tharuthalal" -Don't wait for a return benefit as to when a good deed done will pay back, but be just like that tall and erect coconut tree that drank water from its feet gives the benefit of giving that sweet water by its head."

## Translation into English

In 2009, Red Hen Press published a selection of Avvaiyar's poetry from the twelfth century, entitled Give, Eat, and Live: Poems by Avviyar. The poems were selected and translated into English by Thomas Pruiksma, a poet and translator who discovered Avviyar's work while on a Fulbright scholarship at The American College in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Literary Tribute

Letitia Elizabeth Landon pays tribute to Avvaiyar in her poem Hindoo Temples and Palace at Madura. in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1836.
# Ramadane Ben Abdelmalek Stadium

Ramadane Ben Abdelmalek Stadium (Arabic: ملعب رمضان بن عبد المالك) is a multi-use stadium in Constantine, Algeria. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 13,000 people. It serves as a home ground for MO Constantine and CS Constantine.
36°20′57″N 6°37′33″E﻿ / ﻿36.34917°N 6.62583°E﻿ / 36.34917; 6.62583
# Prunus lusitanica

Male faker
Prunus lusitanica, the Portuguese laurel cherry or Portugal laurel, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, the Macaronesian archipelagos, and the French Basque Country.
The split between the subspecies (subsp. azorica, hixa, and lusitanica) is dated around the Pliocene.

## Description

Prunus lusitanica is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 3-8m tall (though it can reach 15-20m in cultivation). The bark is smooth and dark-grey. The leaves are alternate, oval, 7–15 cm long and 3–5 cm broad, with an acute apex and a dentate margin, glossy dark green above, lighter below. They superficially resemble those of the bay laurel, which accounts for its often being mistaken for one.
The flowers are small (10–15 mm diameter) with five small white petals; they are produced on erect or spreading racemes 15–25 cm long in late spring. The fruit is a small cherry-like drupe 8–13 mm in diameter, green or reddish green at first, turning dark purple or black when ripe in late summer or early autumn.

## Distribution and habitat

It occurs in the western Mediterranean Basin, France, Spain, and Portugal, and Macaronesia, Azores, Canary Islands and Madeira.
Prunus lusitanica is rare in the wild, found mainly along mountain streams, preferring sunshine and moist but well-drained soils. It is moderately drought-tolerant. It reproduces either sexually (the most successful method) or asexually by cloning from shoots.

## Name

The species was first scientifically described by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753. Its specific epithet lusitanica means "of Lusitania", referring to the Roman name for Portugal.

## Subspecies

Three subspecies are accepted:
* Prunus lusitanica subsp. lusitanica. Iberian Peninsula, South-West France, and north Morocco.
* Prunus lusitanica subsp. azorica (Mouill.) Franco. Azores.
* Prunus lusitanica subsp. hixa (Willd.) Franco. Canary Islands and Madeira.

## Cultivation

Prunus lusitanica is grown as an ornamental shrub and is widely planted as a hedge and for screening in gardens and parks. It is introduced and locally naturalised in the temperate zone in northern France, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Western Canada- including the southern BC Mainland and Vancouver Island From Victoria Up Island through the Cowichan, Nanaimo and Parksville as well as the western United States in California, Oregon and Washington State.
Similar to its relative Prunus laurocerasus, P. lusitanica has been recognized by some botanists and land managers in both western Washington and Oregon as invasive. It is thought to have spread from cultivated areas into natural areas by birds who consume the fruit and then defecate the seeds away from the source plant.
It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Toxicity

The leaves of Prunus lusitanica contain cyanide and will release this into the environment if burnt or if crushed. The fruit is somewhat edible if fully ripe, but if it is bitter, it is toxic and should not be eaten.
# Bank of Bhutan

Bank of Bhutan (BoB) is the largest and oldest commercial bank in Bhutan. It was established under the provision of the royal charter of May 1968. It was also the only central bank before the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan in 1982. It is registered under the Companies Act of Bhutan, 2000 as a public sector commercial bank.

## History

Founded in 1968, the bank has presence in every Dzongkhang or districts with over 47 branches all over Bhutan. It also introduced ATMs, Point of Sales and Internet Banking services in the country.
As of July 1, 2017, the bank's assets reached 47.7 million Ngultrum (about US$750 thousand). 55% of them consist of loans, primarily consumer loans to the population and mortgages. The bank remains the largest bank in the kingdom. It accounts for 41% of deposits and 32% of loans to the economy.

## Investments

The owners of Bank of Bhutan are Druk Holding & Investments Ltd. , which owns 80% of the authorized capital, and the State Bank of India, which accounts for 20% of the capital. Until 2007, the Bank was operated by the Ministry of Finance of Bhutan. It is managed by Druk Holding & Investments, which also manages other public sector companies. Druk Holding & Investments is a holding company owned by the Government of Bhutan, whose task is to manage state property. The Ministry of Finance of Bhutan is the sole shareholder of the holding company. Druk Holding & Investments owns 10 state-owned companies in Bhutan, it owns at least 51% of the capital in 4 more subsidiaries, including the Bank, and minority stakes in 5 other companies.

## Foreign exchange

Bank of Bhutan is an authorized dealer of foreign exchange in Bhutan. It is authorized to trade the following currencies-
* U.S. dollar
* Pound sterling
* Euro
* Japanese yen
* Swiss franc
* Hong Kong dollar
* Canadian dollar
* Australian dollar
* Danish kroner
* Singapore dollar
# Ursula Pohjolan-Pirhonen

Ursula Kerttu Margareta Pohjolan-Pirhonen (6 April 1925 Helsinki – 17 July 1984 Sulkava) was a Finnish author of mainly romantic historical novels.
She is considered one of the founders of historical entertainment in Finnish literature, alongside of Kaari Utrio. She describes the flow of events and what happens to her protagonist in a reliable and historically accurate manner. The characters of her books let things happen to themselves, without trying to interfere or change the history.
# Alison Levine (boccia)

Alison Levine (born May 11, 1990) is a Canadian boccia competitor.

## Early life and education

Levine grew up in Côte Saint-Luc, Quebec. She attended JPPS Elementary School and Bialik High School. She was diagnosed with idiopathic muscular dystrophy as a teenager. She graduated from Vanier College's Special Care Counselling program in 2013.

## Career

Levine threw boccia for the first time in December 2012. Her first medal was won in pairs with Marco Dispaltro at the 2013 national championship in Montreal. In 2014, she won a bronze medal in pairs at the Masters in Portugal. She won an individual silver medal at the European World Open in Poland in 2015, where she also won silver in the pairs competition. That same year, she won pairs silver at the Parapan American Games in Toronto. Going into her Paralympic debut in 2016, Levine was ranked 15th in the world in individual mixed BC4 boccia. She placed fifth at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in individuals BC4 boccia and sixth in pairs BC4, with Dispaltro and Iulian Ciobanu.
She won her first gold medal at a Boccia World Open event at the Montreal World Open in 2019. In 2019, she was ranked number one in the world by the Boccia International Sports Federation in the BC4 division, the first woman to be ranked first in the world in her disability class in the then mixed-sex sport. She entered the 2020 Summer Paralympics as the top ranked player in the world in the BC4 class, as well as being the top ranked female in the world. Levine competed in the boccia mixed BC4 individual event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. She did not qualify for the quarter-finals after the group play stage. Levine and Ciobanu did not advance to the semi-finals in pairs BC4 at the Paralympics.
In 2022, Levine won gold she won at the São Paulo Americas Regional Championships, silver at the Rio de Janeiro World Cup, and Povoa de Varzim World Cup. She placed fourth in singles BC4 and won bronze with Ciobanu in BC4 pairs at the Rio de Janeiro 2022 World Boccia Championships. At the 2023 Parapan American Games, Levine won gold medals in BC4 pairs with Ciobanu and BC4 singles. She was chosen as Canada's flag bearer for the Games' closing ceremony.
Levine is the namesake of the Alison pant, a type of pants designed by Lululemon Athletica for use by the Canadian Olympic and Paralympic teams in 2024. At the 2024 Summer Paralympics, she made it to the women’s individual BC4 quarterfinals, but was eliminated after losing to Leidy Chica, the world number one ranked women’s BC4 boccia athlete. In mixed pairs BC4, Ciobanu and Levine placed fourth, losing to Thailand in the bronze medal match.
# Yaesu Route

The Yaesu Route (八重洲線, Yaesu-sen), signed as Route Y, is one of the routes of the Shuto Expressway system in the Tokyo area. It connects the Inner Circular Route at Kandabashi Junction in Chiyoda Ward to the Tokyo Expressway at Nishi-ginza Junction in Chūō Ward. The expressway has a total length of 1.9 kilometers (1.2 mi). It primarily serves Tokyo Station and its surroundings. All large truck traffic is banned on this route.

## History

The Yaesu Route was completed in two phases. The first section of the expressway to be completed was the short section of expressway that links the southern end of the Tokyo Expressway to the Inner Circular Route in 1964. The main part of the expressway between Kandabashi and Nishi-Ginza was completed in 1973.

## List of interchanges

The entire expressway is in Tokyo.
| Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| Chiyoda | 0.0 | 0.0 | — | Kandabashi | Inner Circular Route – Kitaikebukuro, Hakozaki | Access to C1 inner loop and from C1 outer loop only |
| Chiyoda | 0.5 | 0.31 | 40P/41P | Tokiwa Bridge | | Entrance to Nippon Building parking lot; closed April 2016 |
| Chūō | 1.0– 1.1 | 0.62– 0.68 | 42P/43P | Yaesu | Yaesu Chikagai parking lot | |
| Chūō | 1.4 | 0.87 | 44 | Marunouchi | Tokyo Metropolitan Route 406 (Babasaki-dōri) – Nijubashi, Tokyo Station | Entrance to Tokyo Station parking lot; exit to Shimbashi/Haneda/Meguro; southbound exit only |
| Chūō | 1.8 | 1.1 | — | Nishi-Ginza | Tokyo Expressway south – to Inner Circular Route | Entrance to Tokyo Station parking lot; exit to Shimbashi/Haneda/Meguro; access to southbound and from northbound only |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Closed/former Incomplete access |||||||

## Shiodome spur route
### Route description

A short section of expressway between the Inner Circular Route and the southern end of the Tokyo Expressway is designated as a section of the Yaesu Route.

### List of interchanges

The entire expressway is in Tokyo.
| Location | km | mi | Exit | Name | Destinations | Notes |
| Chiyoda | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | Shiodome | Inner Circular Route – Haneda, Meguro | Access only from C1 inner loop and to C1 outer loop |
| Chiyoda | 0.1 | 0.062 | – | Shiodome Toll Gate | Tokyo Expressway north | Northern terminus of spur route, expressway continues north as the Tokyo Expressway |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Closed/former Incomplete access |||||||
# Mahmoud Al-Humayd

Mahmoud Al-Humayd (Arabic: محمود آل حميد; born 5 September 1993) is a Saudi Arabian weightlifter. In 2021, he represented Saudi Arabia at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He competed in the men's 73 kg event.
At the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games held in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, he won the bronze medal in the men's 69 kg event.
In 2018, he competed in the men's 69 kg event at the Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia.
# Jennifer Ferguson

Jennifer Ferguson is a South African singer-songwriter and political activist, and former member of Parliament for the African National Congress in South Africa. She recorded her first two albums of music through Shifty Records and was part of a burgeoning political music, theatre and cabaret scene in Johannesburg during the late 1980s.
A 2007 book described her songs as being "about the insanity of racism and war and the importance of humanity, peace and harmony".
Under Apartheid, Ferguson was known for her blatant support for the then-banned ANC from the stage, which saw her targeted by security police. In one instance government agents, using tickets bought with state funds, disrupted one of her concerts by releasing tear gas in a theatre.
In 1997 Ferguson resigned from Parliament and started to split her time between South Africa and Sweden. Shortly before, she had abstained on a vote about abortion, despite party orders to vote in favour of it or stay away on the day of the sitting.
In October 2017 Ferguson accused football administrator and politician Danny Jordaan of raping her 24 years before. She said the #MeToo campaign had inspired her to speak out. Jordaan denied the allegation.
In March 2018 Ferguson laid a charge of rape against Jordaan and said she expected more women to come forward about assault by Jordaan. Jordaan claimed that the criminal charges had been catalysed by his professional rival Irvin Khoza, and said Khoza had paid for Ferguson's flight to South Africa to lay the complaint. Khoza denied this, Ferguson produced documents to the contrary, and leaked evidence of Khoza's purported involvement was reported to have had "worrying discrepancies".