OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Juhan Parts's cabinet

Juhan Parts's cabinet was in office in Estonia from 10 April 2003 to 13 April 2005, when it was succeeded by Andrus Ansip's first cabinet.

## Members

Juhan Parts's cabinet :
| Position | Name |
| Prime Minister | Juhan Parts |
| Minister of Interior Affairs | Margus Leivo |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Kristiina Ojuland |
| Minister of Justice | Ken-Marti Vaher |
| Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications | Meelis Atonen |
# End-blown flute

The end-blown flute (also called an edge-blown flute or rim-blown flute) is a woodwind instrument played by directing an airstream against the sharp edge of the upper end of a tube. Unlike a recorder or tin whistle, there is not a ducted flue voicing, also known as a fipple. Most rim-blown flutes are "oblique" flutes, being played at an angle to the body's vertical axis. A notched flute is an end-blown flute with a notch on the blowing surface. A lip-valley flute is a type of notched flute.
End-blown flutes are widespread in folk music and art music. In Europe, the Russians have the svirel, attested from at least the 11th century. In the Middle East and Mediterranean the ney is frequently used, constructed from reed. Depictions of early versions of the ney can be found in wall paintings in ancient Egyptian tombs, indicating that it is one of the oldest musical instruments in continuous use. Several ancient Persian artworks depict the use of the ney.
The Persian ney has six finger holes, is blown with a specific technique that is found in a couple other occurrence by creating a flow of air between the tongue and the upper teeth while keeping the blowing end under the upper lip. Modern instruments often use a piece of plastic rolled in a tube to protect the instrument, older instrument could use copper.
The Arabic nay and the Turkish ney are played differently, outside the mouth, blowing the air towards the circumference of the mouth end, and feature seven finger holes - both are played in the same fashion but the Turkish version has an added horn or wood mouthpiece to facilitate the technique.
In Turkey the ney and kaval are both end-blown, although one type of Turkish kaval (dilli kaval) has a fipple. The kaval is also played throughout the Balkan countries of Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, North Macedonia, and elsewhere. The Turkish ney plays a prominent role in classical Turkish music and Mevlevi (Sufi) music.
China has the xiao, Japan has the shakuhachi and Korea has the danso and tongso. People of the Andes play the quena, the Hopi and their predecessors the Ancestral Puebloans of the American southwest have and had a lain-ah flute using techniques similar to the neys (both Arabic and Persian). The washint is an East African flute. Panpipes are rim-blown in the same fashion with their lower ends stopped, bound together in a row or "raft".
In Polynesia, the Māori of New Zealand play a number of end-blown flutes with the oblique method, including the kōauau, the ngūru and the pūtõrino.
# Huang Wenyi

Huang Wenyi (Chinese: 黄文仪; pinyin: Huáng Wényí; born 6 March 1991) is a female Chinese rower. She is a World and Olympic medallist.

## Career

Huang began to row at the age of 12. Her mother had been a basketball player.
At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she and Xu Dongxiang won the silver medal in the women's lightweight double sculls. Two years later, the team of Huang and Pan Dandan won the bronze medal at the 2014 World Championship, again in the women's lightweight double sculls. Huang won her second Olympic medal in 2016, winning women's lightweight double sculls bronze with Pan Feihong.
# Mae Tischer

Mae Tischer (October 16, 1928 – January 18, 2018) was an American politician.
Tischer was born in Minnesota. In 1962, Tischer moved to Alaska with her family and lived in a homestead at Goose Creek for three years. In 1965, she moved again to Anchorage, Alaska, so that her children could attend highschool. She met "Ticsh" Tisher on the Alcan Highway in 1965, whom she was married to until his death in a car crash in 1972.
Tischer served as district director for the Alaska Muscular Dystrophy Association in Anchorage, Alaska. In 1983 and 1984, Tischer served in the Alaska House of Representatives and was a Republican. Tischer died at the Anchorage Pioneer House in Anchorage, Alaska on January 18, 2018.
# Lombards of Sicily

The Lombards of Sicily (Italian: Lombardi di Sicilia) are an ethnolinguistic minority living in Sicily, southern Italy, speaking an isolated variety of Gallo-Italic languages, the so-called Gallo-Italic of Sicily.

## History

The origins of these communities goes back to the 11th century, when soldiers and settlers from Northern Italy (at the time collectively called "Lombardy"), settled the central and eastern part of Sicily during the Norman conquest of southern Italy. After the marriage between the Norman king Roger I of Sicily with Adelaide del Vasto, member of Aleramici family, many Lombard colonisers left their homeland, in the Aleramici's possessions in Piedmont and Liguria, to settle on the island of Sicily.
The Normans began a process of 'latinization' of Sicily by encouraging an immigration policy of their people, French (Norman, Provencal and Breton) and northern Italians (in particular from Piedmont and Liguria) with the granting of lands and privileges. The aim of the new Norman kings was to strengthen the "Latin stock", which in Sicily was a minority, compared to the more numerous Greek populations.
Beginning from the end of the 11th century were repopulated the central and eastern parts of the island, the Val Demone, where there was a strong Byzantine presence and the Val di Noto, with colonists and soldiers from the Aleramici mark which included the Monferrato in Piedmont, part of the Ligurian hinterland of the west, and small portions of the western areas of Lombardy and Emilia.
The migration of people from Northern Italy to Sicily continued until the end of the 13th century. It is believed that the population of Northern Italy who immigrated to Sicily in these centuries was altogether about 200,000 people.
The major centres, called historically oppida Lombardorum, where these dialects can still be heard today, include Piazza Armerina, Aidone, Sperlinga, San Fratello, Nicosia, and Novara di Sicilia. Northern Italian dialects did not survive in some towns in the province of Catania, Syracuse and Caltanissetta that developed large Lombard communities during this period, for example Paternò and Butera. However, the Northern Italian influence in the local varieties of Sicilian are marked.
In the case of San Fratello, some linguists have suggested that the Gallic-Italic dialect present today has Provençal as its basis, having been a fort manned by Provençal mercenaries in the early decades of the Norman conquest (bearing in mind that it took the Normans 30 years to conquer the whole of the island).
# Galińskie

Galińskie (Polish pronunciation:) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Przystajń, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Przystajń, 22 km (14 mi) west of Kłobuck, and 74 km (46 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Carpignano Sesia railway station

Carpignano Sesia railway station (Italian: Stazione di Carpignano Sesia) is a railway station serving the comune of Carpignano Sesia, in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. The station is located on the Biella–Novara railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia.
The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

## History

The line was opened on 18 May 1939, however the station only become operational on 20 July 1940 because of the need to complete several systems and a lack of rolling stock. It was originally equipped with two tracks.
From 21 January 1961, in advance to the end of the concession to the "Società Ferrovia Biella-Novara (SFBN)" company, the management of the railway line passed to the state and the operation of the station was assumed by Ferrovie dello Stato.
From 1992 the station was declassified to a railway stop, and remains in operation, but with only one track and one platform.
In the year 2000, the plant management passed to Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, which is classified in the category "Bronze".

## Train services

The station is served by the following service(s):
* Regional services (Treno regionale) Biella San Paolo - Rovasenda - Novara
| Preceding station | Trenitalia | Following station |
| Rovasendatoward Biella San Paolo | Treno regionale | Casaleggiotoward Novara |

## Gallery

* The station in an epoch postcard
# George Henry Fowke

Lieutenant General Sir George Henry Fowke KCB, KCMG (10 September 1864 – 8 February 1936) was a British Army officer who served on the staff of the British Expeditionary Force during World War I.

## Biography

Fowke joined the Royal Engineers as a lieutenant on 15 February 1884, and was promoted to captain on 19 July 1892. He saw active service in South Africa during the Second Boer War, where he was present at the Defence of Ladysmith, for which he was mentioned in despatches. During the war he received a brevet promotion to major on 29 November 1900, and was confirmed with the substantive rank of major on 22 February 1901. The war ended in June 1902 with the Peace of Vereeniging, and for his service he received a brevet promotion as lieutenant-colonel on 22 August 1902.
After the war, he stayed in South Africa and was appointed as Director of Public Works in the Transvaal and was a member of the Transvaal Legislative Council from 1902 to 1904. During the Russo-Japanese War, he was an observer attached to the Japanese Army in Manchuria, and then lectured on fortifications at the School of Military Engineering. After being made a brevet colonel in August 1908, he was appointed the Assistant Adjutant General for the Royal Engineers in 1910.
He then succeeded Colonel Frederick C. Heath as inspector of Royal Engineers in April 1913, which saw him advanced to the rank of temporary brigadier general.
On the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, he was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier general and appointed to the post of Brigadier-General Royal Engineers in the BEF, the senior engineering advisor. As the war settled into a stalemate it became apparent that the Royal Engineers would play a significant role in trench warfare, and the position was changed to Chief Engineer and then to Engineer-in-Chief in 1915. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in February 1915. He was promoted to major general in June 1915. It was in this position, that he agreed the formation of the Royal Engineer tunnelling companies, after a proposal from John Norton-Griffiths.
In February 1916, he was promoted to hold the post of Adjutant-General of the Expeditionary Force. He held this post until the end of the war, and, having been made a permanent lieutenant-general in January 1919, retired from the army in 1922.
In addition to his British decorations and awards, he was also awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal by the United States, with the citation for the medal reading:
   The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Lieutenant General George H. Fowke, Royal British Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished service in a position of great responsibility to the Government of the United States, during World War I. While serving as Adjutant General, British Expeditionary Services, General Fowke rendered invaluable service to the American Expeditionary Forces and to the cause in which the United States has been engaged.
# Eupompha histrionica

Eupompha histrionica is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.
# Grzegorz Filipowski

Grzegorz Filipowski (Polish pronunciation:; born 28 July 1966) is a former Polish competitive figure skater. He is the 1985 European bronze medalist, the 1989 European silver medalist and the 1989 World bronze medalist.
Filipowski competed in three Winter Olympics between 1984 and 1992, with a best finish of fifth position in 1988. He missed the first half of the 1987–88 season due to a stress fracture in his left leg.
Filipowski was the first skater to perform a triple-triple combination of jumps (3 toe/3 toe) in competition. Barbara Kossowska coached him in Łódź and Rochester, Minnesota. Filipowski turned pro in 1992 and settled in Canada. He works as a coach in figure skating at the York Region Skating Academy.

## Results

International :
| Event | 79–80 | 80–81 | 81–82 | 82–83 | 83–84 | 84–85 | 85–86 | 86–87 | 87–88 | 88–89 | 89–90 | 90–91 | 91–92 |
| Olympics | | | | | 12th | | | | 5th | | | | 11th |
| Worlds | 15th | 11th | 13th | | 11th | 7th | 13th | 5th | 4th | 3rd | 4th | | 12th |
| Europeans | | 7th | 9th | 8th | 8th | 3rd | 5th | 4th | 4th | 2nd | 4th | | 5th |
| Skate America | | | | | | | | 4th | | | | | |
| Skate Canada | | | | | 2nd | 2nd | 3rd | 3rd | | | | 2nd | |
| Golden Spin of Zagreb | | | | | | 2nd | | | | | | | |
| St. Ivel International | | | | | | 3rd | 2nd | | | | 2nd | | |
| Int. de Paris | | | | | | | | | | 2nd | 2nd | | 6th |
| NHK Trophy | | | 4th | 3rd | | | | | | | | 2nd | 1st |
| Goodwill Games | | | | | | | | | | | | 8th | |
| National ||||||||||||||
| Polish Champ. | | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | | | | | | |
# Zbigniew Komorowski

Zbigniew Komorowski is a Polish former competitive figure skater. He is the 1994 Polish national senior champion, having won the junior title in the 1991–92 season. He placed 14th at the 1992 World Junior Championships and 18th at the 1994 European Championships. His club was Unia Oświęcim.

## Competitive highlights

International :
| Event | 1991–92 | 1993–94 | 1994–95 |
| World Championships | | 31st | |
| European Championships | | 18th | 29th |
| World Junior Championships | 14th | | |
| National |||||
| Polish Championships | 1st J | 1st | 2nd |
| J: Junior level |||||
# Charles Ready

Charles Ready (December 22, 1802 – June 4, 1878) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 5th congressional district.

## Biography

Ready was born in Readyville in Rutherford County, now called Cannon County, on December 22, 1802. He attended the common schools and graduated from Greeneville College in Tennessee. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1825, and commenced practice in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. He was married to Martha Alvoid Strong on May 19, 1825 in Knoxville, Tennessee. Their offspring were:
* Charles
* Aaron
* Mary Emma
* Horace
* Martha (Mattie) (1840-1887); she married Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan as his second wife – only one of their two daughters reached adulthood yet died soon after marriage; she married secondly on 31 January 1873 in Rutherford, Tennessee, to William Henry Williamson (1828-1887), and had five children:
** William Henry Williamson (b. 1873), m. Mary Ready Weaver
** Martha Ready Williamson (b. 1874), m. Winstead P. Bone
** Charles Ready Williamson (b. 1876)
** Alice Martin Williamson (b. 1878), m. Amzi W. Hooker
** Nannie Williamson (1881-1883)
* (Cora) Alice
* Ella Love

## Career

In 1835, Ready was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives, representing Rutherford County, alongside Granville Smith Crockett. He was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-third Congress and re-elected as a member of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He served from March 4, 1853 to March 3, 1859. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1858 to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and resumed the practice of law.

## Death

Ready died in Murfreesboro, Tennessee on June 4, 1878. He is buried at Evergreen Cemetery.
# Pritchardia affinis

Pritchardia affinis, the Hawai'i pritchardia, is a species of palm tree that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Wild populations currently exist on the leeward side of the Island of Hawaiʻi. It was most likely cultivated by Native Hawaiians, its exact native range is uncertain. P. affinis reaches a height of 10–25 m (33–82 ft). It is threatened by pests such as rats and pigs, which damage trees and eat the seeds before they can grow. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. The fruit of Pritchardia affinis was reportedly the preferred food of the now-extinct ula-ai-hawane—a niche that has been seemingly filled by the introduced lavender waxbill.
# Thurrock Independents

The Thurrock Independents, also known as the Thurrock Independents Party (TIP), was a localist and populist British political party based in Thurrock, Essex, England. It was formed in January 2018 when seventeen Thurrock councillors, including then-East of England MEP Tim Aker, broke-away from the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after claiming to have grown disillusioned with party politics. At its height in 2018, the party was Thurrock Council's official opposition group and had two members in the European Parliament. It declined after multiple defections and election defeats and was left with only one councillor after the 2023 elections. The party disbanded later that year.

## Description

Although Tim Aker joined his council colleagues in the new group, he subsequently stated that he would continue to represent UKIP in the European Parliament for the purposes of Brexit: "UKIP has a job to do in the European Parliament in seeing we get the Brexit we voted for. I will stay as a UKIP MEP. But to better represent my constituents in Aveley, I had no choice but to follow my colleagues and represent the Thurrock Independents." This situation led to some uncertainty about the status of some of the group's members as a number of them work for Aker. Aker subsequently left UKIP and sat for Thurrock Independents in the European Parliament. However, Aker joined the Brexit Party in February 2019. He resigned his seat on the council having moved away from Thurrock; the group lost the subsequent by-election.
In 2018, the former party leadership defected to the Conservative party; and were followed soon after by two incumbent councillors who joined the Conservative Group in November 2018. Following losses in the 2018 local election, this left the party with just ten councillors.
During the 2019 United Kingdom local elections, Allen Mayes took the Tilbury Riverside ward of Thurrock from Labour.
In December 2019, party leader Luke Spillman and his deputy Jack Duffin announced plans to leave the party and step down as councillors in Spring 2021. However, in January 2021 both defected to the Conservatives, keeping their seats on the council. The leader of the party is now Gary Byrne.
As of the 2023 Thurrock Council election, the party was left with just one councillor (Gary Byrne) out of 49 in Thurrock Council. The party was de-registered with the Electoral Commission in July 2023, with its remaining councillor becoming an independent.
# Marooned (2004 film)

Marooned is an hour-long fly-on-the-wall documentary which followed the success of the Westmeath senior football team that won the 2004 Leinster Senior Football Championship Final, the county's first ever title at senior level, under the guidance of Páidí Ó Sé.
The documentary focused on Ó Sé who had taken over as Westmeath manager after departing Kerry in acrimonious circumstances. During Marooned Ó Sé admitted that managing Westmeath against his former team was "the hardest day of my life outside bereavements and things like that". Ó Sé did not inform the players that a documentary was being filmed.
First shown on RTÉ One, RTÉ again aired Marooned in January 2013 following Ó Sé's death the previous month. Setanta Sports also aired it twice over the Christmas period - 21 December at 21.45 and 29 December at 22.30.
Pat Collins, known for films on the writers John McGahern and Michael Hartnett, directed.
# Ekaterina Shchepkina

Ekaterina Shchepkina (1854–1938) was a Russian and later Soviet feminist, historian and journalist.

## Life

Ekaterina Nikolaevna Shchepkina was born in 1854 and attended the Courses Guerrier in Moscow and the Bestuzhev Courses in St Petersburg as a protégé of the director, the historian Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin. She taught history classes for workers at the Imperial Technical Society (Imperatorskoe Technicheskoe Obshchestvo) from 1890 and later taught history at the Bestuzhev Courses in the latter half of the 1890s. She also wrote a history of Russia, two historical monographs and articles on women's history and issues. Shchepkina was one of the founders of the All-Russian Union for Women's Equality in February 1905 and joined the All-Russian League for Women's Equality after the Union dissolved at the end of the Russian Revolution in 1906. Shchepkina gave a talk at the 1908 All-Russian Women's Congress (Pervyi Vserossiisskii Zhenskii S’ezd) and was one of the League's ten candidates for the Russian Constituent Assembly after the February Revolution of 1917. She published a history of the women's movement during the French Revolution in 1921 with an introduction by Alexandra Kollontai. Little is known about Shchepkina's activities after 1926. She died in 1938.
# Vachellia aroma var. huarango

Vachellia aroma var. huarango is low shrub or small tree which grows less than 1.5 m tall, but up to 5 m across. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. This species should not be confused with the Huarango tree Prosopis pallida which is also native to Peru.
# Karl Ferdinand Ignatius

Karl Emil Ferdinand Ignatius (27 September 1837 – 11 September 1909) was a Finnish historian, the head of the Main Office of Statistics and a Senator.

## Biography

Ignatius was born in Pori, the son of vice-pastor Johan Ferdinand Ignatius and Sofia Fleming. He graduated secondary school in 1855 and enrolled in the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki, gaining his undergraduate and graduate degrees in 1860, a Licenciate degree in 1862 and finally his Ph.D in 1864. Ignatius worked as a civil servant in the Finnish Main Office of Statistics from 1865 to 1868 and then as the head of the office from 1868 to 1885. He was the head of the chamber committee of the Senate of Finland during 1885–1900 and 1905–1908. Ignatius worked also as a Docent of Nordic History and Statistics from 1865 to 1870 and as the Curator of the Western Finland's Student Nation (combination of Turkulainen and Satakuntalainen Osakunta during 1846–1904) from 1868 to 1870.
Ignatius took part in the Diet of Finland as a member of the burghers estate in 1877–1885 and 1904–1905. He was also a member of the Helsinki City Council during 1875–1878 and 1903–1905. Ignatius was among of the founders of both the Finnish Historical and Geographical Societies, was a committee member of the Society for Culture and Education (Kansanvalistusseura) during 1873–1887 and was the Chairman of the Finnish Antiquarian Society in 1875–1885. He died in Helsinki, aged 71.

## Family

Ignatius married Amanda Kristina Bergman (1841–1921) in 1863. The couple had five daughters and five sons, the most famous of them being the President of the Court of Appeals Kaarlo Yrjö Benedictus Ignatius (1869–1942), Lieutenant General Hannes Ignatius (1871–1941) and Provincial Governor Gustaf Ignatius (1873–1949).

## Works

* Bidrag till södra Österbottens äldre historia (1861)
* Finlands historia under Karl X Gustafs regering (1865)
* Renseignements sur la population de Finlande (1869)
* Statistisk handbok för Finland (1872)
* Storfurstendömet Finland. Statistiska anteckningar (1876)
* Le Grand-duchiè de Finlande, notice statistique (1878)
* Suomen maantiede kansalaisille 1. (1880–1890)
* Oikea tie (1902)