OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1993–94 Australian bushfire season

A major bushfire occurred in southern Queensland, Australia, in October 1993, and several major bushfires occurred in New South Wales from December 1993 to January 1994. 3 people were killed in New South Wales by the fires and more than 29 were injured. More than 70,000 ha were destroyed in New South Wales.
| State | Start date | Deaths | Injuries | Houses lost | Area (ha) | Local govt. | Impacted communities & destruction | Duration |
| QLD | 10 October 1993 | | | 3 | | Somerset | Coominya & Esk 4 caravans destroyed | |
| NSW | 27 December 1993 | 1 | 4 | | | Clarence Valley | Maclean | |
| NSW | 30 December 1993 | | | 11 | 15,000 ha (37,000 acres) | Cessnock & Singleton | Bucketty 16 non-residential structures, 4 caravans and 3 vehicles destroyed A tourist railway damaged | 17 days |
| NSW | 1 January 1994 | | | 5+ | 12,500 ha (31,000 acres) | Hornsby | Brooklyn, Canoelands & Wisemans Ferry A garage and several non-residential buildings destroyed | |
| NSW | 3 January 1994 | | | 24 | | Gosford | Cogra Bay, Kariong, Peats Ridge, Somersby & Tascott Several non-residential structures destroyed, including a service station 8 houses damaged | 12 days |
| NSW | 3 January 1994 | 1 | | 4 | | Lake Macquarie & Newcastle | Bennetts Green, Charlestown, Glendale & Wallsend A retail property, a wrecker's yard and several other non-residential structures destroyed 8 houses damaged | 11 days |
| NSW | 4 January 1994 | | | 5 | 50,000 ha (120,000 acres) | Blue Mountains & Hawkesbury | Hawkesbury Heights 26 non-residential structures destroyed, including a youth hostel 26 houses and 84 non-residential structures damaged | 11 days |
| NSW | 5 January 1994 | | | 2 | 2,000 ha (4,900 acres) | Eurobodalla & Shoalhaven | Sussex Inlet | 6 days |
| NSW | 6 January 1994 | | 5+ | 17 | 370 ha (910 acres) | Willoughby & Ku-ring-gai | Macquarie Park, West Chatswood, West Killara & Lindfield Ku-ring-gai College and at least 3 houses damaged | |
| NSW | 6 January 1994 | | | 2 | | Port Stephens | — 8 non-residential structures destroyed, including dog kennels A timber factory damaged | 8 days |
| NSW | 7 January 1994 | 1 | 20+ | 101 | 480 ha (1,200 acres) | Sutherland | Alfords Point, Bangor, Bonnet Bay, Como & Jannali 14 non-residential structures destroyed, including Como West Presbyterian Church 48 vehicles destroyed 90 houses and 11 non-residential structures damaged, including Como West Public School | 6 days |
| NSW | 7 January 1994 | | | 36 | 11,000 ha (27,000 acres) | Pittwater & Warringah | Bayview, Cromer, Elanora Heights, Elvina Bay, Ingleside, Lovett Bay & Warriewood 4 non-residential structures destroyed, including a service station 16 vehicles destroyed 43 houses and 87 non-residential structures damaged | 6 days |
# Towlers Bay, New South Wales

Towlers Bay is a locality in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, north of the city of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, situated on the Northern Beaches. The bay located there, formerly of the same name, was renamed Morning Bay on 31 August 1984. It had been named after Bill Toler, who used to camp in the area in the 19th century.
# Callicoma

Callicoma is a plant genus that contains just one species, Callicoma serratifolia, a tall shrub or small tree native to Australia. Callicoma serratifolia is commonly known as black wattle. One explanation for the name is the similarity of the flowers to those of Australian Acacia, which are commonly known as wattles. Another explanation is its use in wattle and daub huts of the early settlers. The species has a number of other common names include callicoma, butterwood, silver leaf, silver-leaf butterwood and wild quince.

## Description

Black wattle can grow up to 20 metres in height, though in cultivation it is more likely to reach a height of between 6 and 10 m with a 3-metre spread. It has lanceolate or elliptic leaves that grow up to 12 cm long and 5 cm wide with coarsely serrate margins. The upper side of the leaves are dark green, while the lower sides are white due to the presence of fine, white hairs. The pale-yellow globular flower heads appear in late spring and early summer (November to December in Australia). These average 1.5 cm in diameter and have 1 to 2 cm long stalks.

## Taxonomy

The first published description of the species in 1809 is attributed to Henry Cranke Andrews.

## Distribution

It occurs within and on the edges of rainforest in near-coastal areas within New South Wales and southeast Queensland, mostly along drainage lines or near creeks.
# Formalized Music

Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition is a book by Greek composer, architect, and engineer Iannis Xenakis in which he explains his motivation, philosophy, and technique for composing music with stochastic mathematical functions. It was published in Paris in 1963 as Musiques formelles: nouveaux principes formels de composition musicale as a special double issue of La Revue musicale and republished in an expanded edition in 1981 in Paris by Stock Musique. It was later translated into English with three added chapters and published in 1971 by Indiana University Press, republished in 1992 by Pendragon Press with a second edition published in 2001, also by Pendragon. The book contains the complete FORTRAN program code for one of Xenakis's early computer music composition programs GENDY. It has been described as a groundbreaking work.

## Editions

* Xenakis, Iannis. 1963. Musiques formelles: nouveaux principes formels de composition musicale. Special issue of La Revue musicale, nos. 253–254. Paris: Editions Richard-Masse.
* Xenakis, Iannis. 1971. Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition, translated by Christopher Butchers (chapters 1–6), G. W. Hopkins (chapter 7), and Mr. and Mrs. John Challifour (chapter 8). Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press.
* Xenakis, Iannis. 1981. Musiques formelles: nouveaux principes formels de composition musicale, expanded edition, Paris: Stock Musique. ISBN 2234015103.
* Xenakis, Iannis. 1992. Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition, second, revised English edition, with additional material translated by Sharon Kanach. Harmonologia Series No. 6. Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press. ISBN 1-57647-079-2. Reprinted Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press, 2001.
# Lewis Hallam Jr.

Lewis Hallam Jr. (c. 1740 – November 1, 1808) was an England-born American actor and theater manager, son of Lewis Hallam, one of the pioneers of Theater in the United States, and Sarah Hallam Douglass. He was the leading actor of the Old American Company, at the time the only theater in America, and the manager of the same Company in 1779-1796.

## Life

Hallam came to America in 1752, with his family, as a member of the company of his father and uncle, the future Old American Company. His mother, who was also an actress, was a relative of Christopher Rich, a theater manager. This was the first professional theater in North America. They toured the colonies and performed The Merchant of Venice and The Anatomist.
Hallam first performed in Williamsburg, Virginia. He was the "earliest known American Hamlet and (played) Arsaces, the hero of the first professionally produced American play, The Prince of Parthia" in 1752.
In 1756, his father died, and his mother married David Douglass and united her company with hers, becoming the Old American Company in 1758. Hallam became the star of the troupe. He also assisted his mother and stepfather in running the company.
Lewis Jr.'s style was described as declaratory rather than realistic, but he was much admired and became known as America's leading Shakespearean interpreter. Lewis Jr. is believed to be the first actor in America to perform in blackface in 1769. He played opposite his mother in contemporary British comedies. In 1769, he performed "Dear Heart! What a Terrible Life I Am Led", the first documented white stage performance of an African American-styled song. In January 1775, Hallam performed in England, playing Hamlet at Covent Garden. This stint was his first and last performance in Europe.
Hallam continued to work in American theatre throughout his life, except for a period, during the American Revolutionary War, when the Old American Company left for Jamaica, where it was active until it returned to the United States in 1785. Hallam became the manager of the Company in 1779. The company took residence at the Richmond Theatre in 1886. The Company lost its monopoly in theatrical activity in 1790, Hallam resigned as manager in 1796. An account by John Durang in his memoir cited that Hallam was a sterling actor but an inactive theater manager.
Hallam died on November 1, 1808, in Philadelphia.

### Family

He was first married to a young Jamaican actress named Sarah, only known as 'Mrs Hallam' in America, where she played minor parts in the Old Company: he brought her with him when the Company returned to America from Jamaica in 1758. The couple had two sons, Mirvan and Lewis D. Hallam. The former also became an actor while the latter studied medicine and settled in Jamaica. His first spouse died on an unknown date prior to his remarriage to Eliza Hallam.

## Legacy

The theater building at Prince George's Community College in Maryland is named the Hallam Theater.
# Pendragon (disambiguation)

Pendragon is a Welsh word meaning "head dragon".
Pendragon may also refer to:

## People

* Arthur Uther Pendragon (born John Timothy Rothwell, 5 April 1954), an English eco-campaigner, Neo-Druid leader, media personality, and self-declared reincarnation of King Arthur
* Lachlan Pendragon, (fl. 2020's) Oscar-nominated Australian animator
* The Pendragons, husband and wife team, Jonathan and Charlotte Pendragon, of illusionists

### Legendary people

* Ambrosius Aurelianus or "Aurelius", son of Constantine II of Britain, called "Pendragon" in the Vulgate Cycle
* King Arthur, son of Uther
* Uther Pendragon, brother of Aurelius and father of King Arthur

## Arts, entertainment, and media
### Film and television

* Pendragon: Sword of His Father, a 2008 Christian film
* Pendragon, the capital city of the Holy Britannian Empire in the anime television series Code Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion

### Games

* Pendragon (role-playing game)
* Saber (Fate/stay night), or Arturia Pendragon, a character in the visual novel Fate/stay night

### Literature

* Pendragon: Journal of an Adventure through Time and Space, a series of ten novels by D. J. MacHale
** Pendragon: Before the War, a spin-off series created by D. J. MacHale, written by Walter Scrolls, and Carla Jablonski
* Pendragon, one alias of the wizard Howl in the novel Howl's Moving Castle
* The Pendragon Cycle, a series of fantasy books by Stephen R. Lawhead
* The Pendragon Legend, a 1933 novel by Hungarian author Antal Szerb

### Other arts, entertainment, and media

* Pendragon (band), an English neo-progressive rock band
* Knights of Pendragon, a Marvel UK comic during the early 1990s

## Enterprises

* Pendragon PLC, a UK car dealership chain
* Pendragon Records, a record label

## Other uses

* Pendragon Castle, a ruin in Cumbria, built by Uther Pendragon according to legend
* Mount Pendragon, a mountain in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica
# Volkswagen Group New Small Family platform

The Volkswagen Group New Small Family platform (NSF) (also known as Typ AA or PQ12 platform) is a range of ultra-compact city cars manufactured by Volkswagen Group launched in late 2011, based on the Volkswagen up! concept cars shown at 2007's Frankfurt and Tokyo motor shows. Although the up! concept car had a rear-engine design, the NSF's platform is front-engined, according to reports, in order to reduce investment costs. The range will consist of a short wheelbase three-door hatchback and a five-door version. A hybrid version was touted to join the range but never did. The NSF Platform was offered with electric powertrains in the E-Up, Citigo and Mii.
The cars are built in Slovakia at the Group's Devínska Nová Ves plant near Bratislava, Volkswagen Group planned to invest 308 million Euros (about $398.56 million) in readying the plant for the project. NSF models will be badged as Volkswagens, SEATs and Škodas, It has also been reported that Audi is planning a version of the NSF, tentatively named E1, with a distinctively-styled body and interior.
Volkswagen Group expects to build 4.5 million NSF cars in the model's anticipated nine-year life.

## NSF-based models
### Discontinued

* Volkswagen up!
* SEAT Mii
* Škoda Citigo
* Volkswagen up!
* SEAT Mii
* Škoda Citigo

### Cancelled

* Volkswagen Taigun (2016)
# Schubert Thematic Catalogue

Schubert: Thematic Catalogue of all his Works in Chronological Order, also known as the Deutsch catalogue, is a numbered list of all compositions by Franz Schubert compiled by Otto Erich Deutsch. Since its first publication in 1951, Deutsch (abbreviated as D or D.) numbers are used for the unique identification of Schubert's compositions.

## 1951 edition

The Deutsch catalogue was first published in London in 1951 by J. M. Dent & Sons, as Schubert: Thematic Catalogue of all his Works in Chronological Order, compiled by O. E. Deutsch, in collaboration with Donald R. Wakeling.

## 1978 edition: NSE VIII/4

In 1978, as part VIII Supplement / Volume 4 of the New Schubert Edition (NSE), an updated version of the catalogue was published in German.
A few compositions that had been undated in the first edition received a new number (usually followed by a letter), e.g. D 993 was renumbered to D 2E.

## Later versions

The original 1951 edition (in English) was re-issued several times, for instance in the United States by W. W. Norton. The 1978 version, published by Bärenreiter, had a double objective: it was not only a list of Schubert's works as such, it was also the compendium of all scores published by that publisher in the New Schubert Edition.

### New versions in English

In 1995 Dover Publications republished the 1951 edition, with updates derived from scholarship that had been published since 1951.

### New versions in German

From 1983 compact versions of the catalogue appeared, edited by Werner Aderhold and others.
Changes to the numbering of Schubert's works were minor in these later editions.
# Ole Andreasen

Ole Andreasen is a Danish politician and former member of the European Parliament who was the parliament's rapporteur on information policy.
# When You Trap a Tiger

When You Trap a Tiger is a 2020 children's book by Tae Keller. The novel tells the story of a biracial girl, Lily, who learns about her heritage when her family moves in with Lily's Korean grandmother. The book was well received and won the 2021 Newbery Medal as well as the 2021 Asian/Pacific American Award for Children's Literature.

## Plot

12-year-old Lily and her family move in with her ailing grandmother. Suddenly, a mythical tiger from Korean folklore appears. This encounter leads Lily to discover a hidden family secret: her grandmother once took something from the tigers. Now, the tigers are demanding its return in exchange for her grandmother's health. This difficult choice leaves Lily paralyzed with indecision. However, she soon realizes that deals with mystical creatures are rarely straightforward. With the support of her sister and a new friend, Ricky, Lily must overcome her fears and find the strength to confront the tiger and resolve the situation.

## Reception
### Critical reception

When You Trap a Tiger was on The New York Times Best Seller list and received starred reviews from Kirkus Reviews, Booklist, Publishers Weekly, and School Library Journal.

### Awards

The book won the 2021 Newbery Medal, and the Asian/Pacific American Award for Children's Literature.
# Charles Tottenham, 8th Marquess of Ely

Charles John Tottenham, 8th Marquess of Ely (30 May 1913 – 1 February 2006) was an English-born educator and peer. Born in Binsted, Tottenham emigrated to Canada to attend Queen's University at Kingston in the 1930s. First working as an assistant librarian and French teacher at the Royal Military College of Canada, he later was employed to teach languages at Trinity College School in 1937, and four years later was appointed the principal of its junior school, retiring in 1981. Tottenham died in 2006 in Port Hope, Ontario, and was succeeded by his son John as the 9th Marquess of Ely.

## Life and career

Tottenham was born on 30 May 1913 in the village of Binsted to George Leonard and Cécile Elizabeth Tottenham. George was a great-grandson of Lord Robert Tottenham, the second son of the 1st Marquess of Ely. Soon after the death of George, Charles and his family were brought by their mother to Geneva. There, he attended the Collège de Genève and the International School of Geneva. His mother moved to Kingston, Ontario, with Charles following suit and attending Queen's University at Kingston in the 1930s.
   A title doesn't mean a hell of a lot out here. It doesn't open any doors for you or do anything. It gives the guys at work a few laughs sometimes, but that's about all it does.
At the Royal Military College of Canada, Tottenham became an assistant librarian and French teacher. He later worked as a translator at an insurance company before being employed as a language teacher at Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario. He became the principal of its junior school—Boulden House, then named Junior School—in 1941. As principal, he taught Latin, coached association football, and resided in an apartment at Boulden House, continuing even after his retirement as principal in 1981.
Tottenham married Katherine Elizabeth Craig in June 1938. Together, they had four children: Ann, John, Timothy, and Richard. Craig died on 27 January 1975. Tottenham later got engaged to Elspeth Ann Hay in July 1978; they married on 28 December in the Chapel of the Royal Hospital Chelsea.
In 1965, Tottenham was second in line to become Marquess of Ely. Upon the death of Guy Alvo Greville Loftus, Tottenham became the heir presumptive.
On the death of his childless cousin George Loftus, 7th Marquess of Ely, Tottenham became the 8th Marquess of Ely in the Peerage of Ireland on 31 May 1969. The Marquess of Ely is concurrently Baron Loftus, a title of the Peerage of the United Kingdom, entitling the Marquess to a seat in the House of Lords. As a result, Tottenham was eligible to sit in the House as Baron Loftus from his ascension to 11 November 1999, when the House of Lords Act 1999 was passed, excluding all but ninety-two hereditary peers from the House. Tottenham was also the premier marquess of Ireland. Despite he and his children being entitled to use the appellation Lord in his name, they did not while in Canada.$^{:D2}$
Tottenham died in Port Hope, Ontario, on 1 February 2006 following a brief illness. He was succeeded by John, his eldest son, as the 9th Marquess of Ely.
# Amsterdam Affair

Amsterdam Affair is a 1968 British crime film directed by Gerry O'Hara and starring Wolfgang Kieling, William Marlowe, Catherine Schell and Pamela Ann Davy. The plot is about Dutch policeman Van Der Valk, who investigates a novelist who is accused of murdering his mistress. It was based on the novel Love in Amsterdam by Nicolas Freeling.

## Cast

* Wolfgang Kieling as Van der Valk
* William Marlowe as Martin Ray
* Catherine Schell as Sophie Ray
* Pamela Ann Davy as Elsa de Charmoy
* J.A.B. Dubin-Behrmann as Eric
* Guy Deghy as Will Munch
* Lo van Hensbergen as Magistrate

## Production

Gerry O'Hara was under contract to Sydney Box when signed to direct. He also wrote the script. He said the producers tried to remove him from the film as a director, but could not as O'Hara had written the script and was not under contract as a writer. "It's a film I like enormously," said O'Hara.
# Jeffrey A. Kruse

Jeffrey A. Kruse is a United States Air Force lieutenant general who has served as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency since 2 February 2024. He served as director of intelligence of the United States Indo-Pacific Command from July 2016 to July 2019, and was Director for Defense Intelligence (Warfighter Support) of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) from July 2019 to August 2020.
In July 2020, Kruse was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general and assignment as the director's advisor for military affairs of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, a new office in the agency. He assumed this position on 16 August 2020, and held it until January 2024.

## Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency

In June 2023, Kruse was appointed by President Joe Biden as the next Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency. On 11 December 2023, Kruse appointment as the new Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency was confirmed by the United States Senate. On 2 February 2024, Kruse officially assumed the position as Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency.
On 18 March 2024, Kruse testified on Senate Intelligence community along with another head of United States Intelligence Community regarding the annual threat assessment.

## Effective dates of promotions

| Rank | Date |
| Second Lieutenant | 16 December 1990 |
| First Lieutenant | 16 December 1992 |
| Captain | 16 December 1994 |
| Major | 1 January 2002 |
| Lieutenant Colonel | 1 May 2005 |
| Colonel | 1 October 2008 |
| Brigadier General | 8 June 2015 |
| Major General | 24 July 2018 |
| Lieutenant General | 16 August 2020 |
# Kahiltna Dome

Kahiltna Dome is a 12,411-foot (3,783 m) mountain in the central Alaska Range, in Denali National Park, 7.3 mi (12 km) west of Denali. It is separated from Denali by a deep glacial valley occupied by Kahiltna Glacier, with Kahiltna Pass at its head. It is described as an ice-covered dome, the 56th-highest peak in Alaska.
# Blanca Manchón

Blanca María Manchón Domínguez (born 6 March 1987 in Seville) is a Spanish windsurfer. She won the gold medal at the 2010 RS:X Windsurfing World Championships.
After Manchón announced her pregnancy on 2016, her main sponsor dropped her. Seven months after giving birth, Blanca was proclaimed Champion of the Windsurfing World in the Raceboard Class! This courageous woman sailed onwards with the support of her family and friends and most importantly, her son Noah.
In an interview with the Spanish newspaper Marca, Blanca criticised "the concept held that a sporting woman who becomes pregnant at age 29 is never again going to do anything, as if her career were finished.”
She came back to competition. On one of her last tweets, she says: "8th in the World Cup The Chinese take the medals but I take that if you want YOU CAN! Super happy!!"
# 76th Group Army

The 76th Group Army (Chinese: 第七十六集团军; pinyin: Dì Qīshíliù Jítuánjūn), Unit 31665, formerly the 21st Group Army, is a military formation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF). The 76th Group Army is one of thirteen total group armies of the PLAGF, the largest echelon of ground forces in the People's Republic of China, and one of two assigned to the nation's Western Theater Command.

## History

The unit served during the Korean War when it comprised the 61st, 62nd, and 63rd Divisions.
In 2022, the 12th Combined Arms Brigade was reorganized and entirely transferred to the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force.

## Organization

* 12th Heavy Combined-Arms brigade - Stationed in Jiuquan, Gansu
* 17th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade [zh]
* 56th Light Combined-Arms Brigade [zh]
* 62nd Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade [zh]
* 149th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade [zh]
* 182nd Light Combined-Arms Brigade [zh]
* 76th Special Operations Brigade
* 76th Army Aviation Brigade
* 76th Artillery Brigade
* 76th Air Defense Brigade
* 76th Engineering and Chemical Defense Brigade
* 76th Service Support Brigade