OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edward B. Montgomery

Edward B. Montgomery (born July 3, 1955) is an American economist, academic, and politician who currently serves as the president of Western Michigan University. He is one of the key players in helping pull the United States out of the automotive crisis.

## Biography

Montgomery graduated from Taylor Allderdice High School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1973 and was inducted into their alumni hall of fame in 2010. He earned his bachelor's degree magna cum laude from Pennsylvania State University in 1976 and his master's and doctoral degrees in economics from Harvard University in 1980 and 1982, respectively. His doctoral dissertation was titled "Tests of Alternative Hypotheses on the Decline in the Personal Saving Rate".
From 1981 to 1990, Montgomery served as a professor in the Department of Economics at Michigan State University. In 1990, he was appointed at the rank of associate professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he became a full professor in 1992. From 1997 to 1999 Montgomery served as chief economist of the United States Department of Labor in the administration of President Bill Clinton. From 2000 to 2001, he served as Deputy Secretary of Labor, the second highest position in that department. From 2003 to 2009, he served as dean of the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In late 2008, after the election of Barack Obama as President of the United States, Montgomery led the presidential transition team concerned with the Department of Labor. In February 2009, he was named by Obama to the Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry. On March 30, 2009, Obama appointed Montgomery as Director of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers. This position oversees the health of the struggling United States automobile industry as a result of the Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2009.
On August 15, 2010, Montgomery became the Dean of the Georgetown Public Policy Institute at Georgetown University. In 2011, Montgomery was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.
In April 2017, Montgomery was announced as the ninth president of Western Michigan University. He began his tenure as president on August 1, 2017. In his inaugural address, Montgomery echoed an expression used during the era of WMU's second president Paul Sangren, "That All May Learn," and noted the University's commitment to excellence and inclusion. During his first year at WMU, Montgomery has spoken at length on the need for transformational change. His 2017 and 2018 State of the University addresses detail this philosophy and the specific initiatives proposed to meet that goal.
On September 12, 2024, Montgomery announced that he would be retiring as president on June 30, 2025.
Montgomery married in 1994 and has three children. His father was pioneering labor historian David Montgomery.
# Chorzenice, Silesian Voivodeship

Chorzenice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłomnice, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Kłomnice, 17 km (11 mi) north-east of Częstochowa, and 75 km (47 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Trzęsacz, Człuchów County

Trzęsacz is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Przechlewo, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Przechlewo, 25 km (16 mi) north-west of Człuchów, and 115 km (71 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Anna L. Fisher

Anna Linderfelt Fisher (1878 – October 17, 1939) was an American Red Cross worker who ran an orphanage in Damascus. She was an advisor to Faisal I of Iraq in the short-lived Arab Kingdom of Syria in 1920, and held the rank of captain in the Syrian army. In 1927 she was appointed to the Ministry of Education in Iraq.

## Early life

Anna Linderfelt (or Linderfeldt) Fisher was born in Milwaukee, but was often described as being from New York, or from California, either Pasadena or Santa Barbara, depending on the source. She was the daughter of Swedish-born librarian Klas August Linderfelt and Margaret Eliza Parker Linderfelt. Her elder brother, Karl Linderfelt, was a Colorado National Guardsman involved in the Ludlow Massacre. Anna Linderfelt was educated in Paris.

## Career

During World War I, Fisher joined the Red Cross to do relief work in France, and later moved to working in Damascus. In 1919, she held the rank of captain in the Syrian army. She was described as "unofficial ruler of the Arab Kingdom of Syria", in reference to her role as advisor to Faisal I of Iraq. She organized schools, encouraged the development of traditional handicrafts, and ran the American Red Cross orphanage in Damascus.
From 1922 to 1927, she was in New York City, managing the restaurant at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She also donated art objects to the museum during this period. Soon after she resigned from that position, Fisher was appointed an attache to Iraq's Ministry of Education, based in Baghdad. In 1933, the year Faisal died, she published a reminiscence, "My Memories of King Faisal", in Asia magazine.

## Personal life

Anna Linderfelt was engaged to architect Oswald Constantin Hering IV in 1900, while she was living in Paris. She married mining engineer William Bowditch Fisher after 1901. The couple lived in Boston and wintered in Santa Barbara, but they were living in Paris before World War I. They had a daughter, Frances Fisher (later Collins), born in Idaho in 1907. Anna L. Fisher died in 1939, at her daughter's home in Millbrook, New York, aged 61 years.
# Tube well

A tube well is a type of water well in which a long, 100–200 millimetres (3.9–7.9 in)-wide, stainless steel tube or pipe is bored underground. The lower end is fitted with a strainer, and a pump lifts water for irrigation. The required depth of the well depends on the depth of the water table.

## History

The tube well was invented and patented by British hydrologist John Norton in the 1860s. Versions of his tubewells were used during the British expedition to Abyssinia in 1868 to provide ground water for the advancing force. It proved so successful for the British that they became known as "Abyssinian wells" and were widely adopted in England and elsewhere for providing reliable water supplies

## Components
### Temporary reservoir

A small reservoir of water is made at the outlet of the tube well. This reservoir is used for different usage of water by the local population.

### Casing

The tube well casing houses the inlet, cylinder, piston valves and rising main of a "down-the-hole" type hand pump. Casing to support the external surfaces of the borehole against collapse may be needed, either temporarily or permanently, and is often made of PVC pipe, which has the advantages of being both cheap and inert.
Seepage down the tube well bore is prevented by the sanitary seal. Seepage from the ground above the aquifer is excluded by the lengths of plain casing. Water to be pumped is admitted through slots in the lower lengths of casing.
Water abstracted from aquifers in relatively soft ground usually contains sand or silt particles, which are liable to cause rapid wear to pump valves and cylinders (and dissatisfaction among consumers). Methods of preventing these particles from reaching the pump are of two general types, screening and sand/gravel packing.

#### Screening

In the simplest devices, slits are simply cut in the casing. More elaborate compact screens are available commercially; some can be bolted on to pump inlets. Materials used include woven wire and man-made fabric; the latter can be wrapped around the pump inlet assembly.

#### Sand/gravel packing

Graded sand and gravel may be placed from the top of the borehole. More compact, pre-bonded, packs of sand and/or gravel are available commercially; some of these can also form part of the pump inlet assembly. Sand and/or gravel packing is meant to eliminate particles from the water before they reach the screen which they would otherwise have passed through.

## Ground water safety

The introduction of tube wells has led to major arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh. High concentrations of arsenic occur naturally in the soil in some areas of Bangladesh.

## Advantages of tube well irrigation

* Makes groundwater available when the water table is fairly close to the surface.
* Able to irrigate a large area.
* More reliable than surface water during periods of drought.
* Suitable for small holdings.
# Julia Calhoun

Julia Calhoun (born 1870) was an American actress during the silent film era. She appeared on stage and in comedy films including early ones with Oliver Hardy from at least 1914 on into the 1920s.
Calhoun was born February 1870 in Philadelphia.
She was one of the performers featured in a series of cabinet cards published by Newsboy Tobacco Company for advertising purposes. The New York Public Library has a photograph of her in its Billy Rose Theatre Collection.
She was part of C. C. Field Film Company's Miami, Florida studio cast.
She was married to fellow performer Kirkland Calhoun. His death made her a widow by 1914.

## Filmography

* The Señorita's Repentance (1913), a Selig film
* Doing Like Daisy, a Lubin picture
* Building a Fire (1914)
* His Sudden Recovery (1914)
* A Tango Tragedy (1914)
* Good Cider (1914)
* The Female Cop (1914)
* His Sudden Recovery (1914)
* Worms Will Turn (1914)
* The Man Who Stayed at Home (1919)
* The Match-Breaker (1921)
* Just Like a Woman (1923)
# Fairfield Halt railway station

vteBuxton line :
Legend :
Fairfield Halt was a railway station at Fairfield near Buxton, Derbyshire that was open between 1907 and 1939. The station was opened by the London & North Western Railway (LNWR) on 16 December 1907 to serve the nearby Buxton Golf Club. Opening the station had been requested by the golf club committee and the local authority to attract more visitors who lived close to the LNWR's line between Manchester and Buxton.
The station was unusual in that it only had one platform and was only served by trains heading to Buxton. In addition passengers were only allowed to alight from trains.
Known at various times as simply Fairfield, Fairfield Halt and Fairfield Halt for Golf Links, the station closed at the outbreak of the Second World War.
# Bobby Harris (politician)

Robert Allen Harris (February 17, 1941 – November 13, 2024) was an American politician who was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1985 to 1995. He died at his home in Lincoln County, Georgia, on November 13, 2024, at the age of 83.
# Cao Rulin

Cao Rulin (Chinese: 曹汝霖; Wade–Giles: Tsao Ju-lin; January 23, 1877 – August 1966, Midland, Michigan, United States) was Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Beiyang Government, and an important member of the pro-Japanese movement in the early 20th century. He was a Shanghai lawyer working in Beijing when he was appointed by the provisional president, Yuan Shikai, to a vacant seat in the National Assembly's senate in 1913. He represented Outer Mongolia because Mongolia boycotted the elections after declaring independence during the Xinhai Revolution. In 1915, he took Yuan Shikai's orders and signed the infamous "Twenty-One Demands" treaty with Japan. He later became the leader of the New Communications Clique.
Cao Rulin was part of the Chinese envoy attending the Paris Peace Conference. At the conference many former German concessions in China were handed to Japan instead of back to China. This caused a great deal of unrest in China resulting in a student demonstration on May 4, 1919 outside Tiananmen. This was the beginning of the May Fourth Movement.
The demonstration shifted and Cao Rulin's house, at 3 Front Zhaojialou Lane in the East City District, was burned down. Cao was helped to escape by his friend, Nakae Ushikichi, son of Nakae Chōmin.
# Death by misadventure

In the United Kingdom, death by misadventure is the recorded manner of death for an accidental death caused by a risk taken voluntarily.
Misadventure in English law, as recorded by coroners and on death certificates and associated documents, is a death that is primarily attributed to an accident that occurred due to a risk that was taken voluntarily. In contrast, when the manner of death is given as an accident, the coroner has determined that the decedent had taken no unreasonable willful risk.
   "Misadventure may be the right conclusion when a death arises from some deliberate human act which unexpectedly and unintentionally goes wrong."
Legally defined manner of death: a way by which an actual cause of death (trauma, exposure, etc.) was allowed to occur. For example, a death caused by an illicit drug overdose may be ruled a death by misadventure, as the user took the risk of drug usage voluntarily. Misadventure is a form of unnatural death, a category that also includes accidental death, suicide, and homicide.
In the case of R v Wolverhampton Coroner, it was held that the coroner must establish death by misadventure on the balance of probabilities, commonly known as "more likely than not". This is opposed to beyond reasonable doubt, which is used elsewhere.
# María del Carmen Carrasco

María del Carmen Carrasco y Llorente was a Guatemalan woman, wife of the Head of Government Enrique Peralta Azurdia. She served as First Lady of Guatemala during the term of her husband. She was known to be one of the first wives of a president to have received a special pension after the death of her husband.
# Eudochia Bell Smith

Eudochia Bell Smith (September 9, 1887 - September 23, 1977) was a newspaper reporter and editor, state legislator, and federal official in Colorado. She pushed for reform of juvenile incarceration, food safety standards, and women on juries. She served in the Colorado House of Representatives and then the Colorado Senate. A Democrat, she served in the Colorado Senate from 1941 to 1946. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.
Eudochia Bell was born in San Antonio, Texas. She studied at Ursuline Academy and San Antonio High School. She was Society Editor for the San Antonio Express.
# Roberto Sebastian

Roberto "Bobot" Sison Sebastian (May 2, 1944 – July 23, 2012) was a Filipino government official and former Secretary of the Department of Agriculture.

## Life and career

Sebastian was born in Manila, Philippines. He was once a staunch figure in the Philippine banana industry which opened him the opportunity to serve in the Philippine government. He started out with the Philippine Packing Corp. (PPC) and moved to manage the Marsman (MEPI) banana plantations from 1976 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002 and was the company's president and CEO.

## Personal life

He married Melba Erum Regis on August 8, 1970 and has 3 children with her: Rommel Patton Regis Sebastian, June Genevieve Regis Sebastian and Roberto Charles Regis Sebastian, Jr. He has 2 daughters-in-law: Marie Nina Carmen Nasser Carriedo-Sebastian (wife of Rommel) and Maria Veronica Medina-Sebastian (wife of Roberto Jr.). He has 2 grandsons from Roberto Jr. and Maria Veronica: Roberto Nicholas Medina Sebastian and Francisco Ramon Medina Sebastian.

## Political career

In 1992, President Fidel V. Ramos picked Sebastian as Department of Agriculture chief who introduced the Key Production Approach (KPA) which became the basis in the formulation of the Medium-Term Agricultural Development Plan (MTADP). The MTADP laid down the foundation for the ascension of the Philippine agriculture to meet the challenge of competing globally.
Sebastian served the Philippine Department of Agriculture from 1992 to 1996. Thereafter, from 1996 to 1997 Mr. Sebastian served as the country’s Special Envoy for Agriculture to the World Trade Organization. He also served as president of various industry groups like the Philippine Banana Growers and Exporters Association (PBGEA), Confederation of Philippine Exporters Foundation, Inc. in Region 11 and Samahang Magsasaging ng Davao, Inc. He was also a member of the Philippine Business for Social Progress, Davao City Chamber of Commerce, Inc. and Rotary Club of Davao.

## Death

Sebastian died on Monday, July 23, 2012 at the age of 68 due to a massive heart attack. His remains lie in state at the Heritage Park in Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City until Wednesday, July 25, and will be flown to Davao City on Thursday, July 26. The Department of Agriculture (DA) headed by Secretary Proceso J. Alcala has expressed sorrow: “The Department is saddened for his loss and we wish that his family, relatives, and friends will find solace and strength in his memories. We do share their grief, and our thoughts and prayers continue to be with them as they gradually overcome this moment of grief,” Alcala said in a statement
# George Walter Wetmore

George Walter Wetmore (December 10, 1848 – January 5, 1920) was a clerk, police officer, and postal carrier who served in the Florida House of Representatives in 1883 and 1885. He represented Duval County. He married Bessie P. Alston, formerly of Cleveland.
His post office was in Jacksonville. He became a lawyer and was a leader against Jacksonville's ordinance segregating its streetcars.
# Lindol Smith

Lindol Smith (born June 6, 1832) was a mayor and state legislator in Idaho. He served two terms as mayor of Moscow, Idaho.
Smith was born in New Philadelphia, Ohio in Tuscarawas County. He became a carpenter and served in the American Civil War. His wife and several other family members were killed by scarlet fever. The financial panic of 1873 cost him financially. He built a planing mill in Moscow around 1882. He was a Department Commander for the Grand Army of the Republic in 1897. He served as a councilman, mayor, and was elected to the state legislature in 1898. He represented Latah County in the Idaho House of Representatives.
Captain Edward Smith was one of his sons.
# Ace of Cactus Range

Ace of Cactus Range is a 1924 American silent western film directed by Denver Dixon and Malon Andrus and starring Art Mix, Virginia Warwick, and Clifford Davidson. It was released in April 1924.

## Plot

U.S. Marshal Bob Cullen has infiltrated a gang of diamond thieves. When a local rancher discovers their operation, the gang's leader, Bull Davidson, begins to harass the rancher's daughter, Virginia Marsden. Attempting to escape the unwanted attention from Davidson, Marsden runs off to a remote cabin, but the gang follows. Cullen creates a diversion by overturning a lantern, then flees the cabin on horseback with Marsden. The gang pursues, and when Cullen's horse is injured in a fall, Cullen and Marsden are forced to spend the night on the open plain. The following morning the gang catches up. They capture Cullen and Marsden, tying Cullen up and leaving him suspended from a tree. Eventually Cullen escapes and makes it back to the gang's camp, where he able to rescue the girl.

## Cast list

* Art Mix as U. S. Marshal Bob Cullen
* Virginia Warwick as Virginia Marsden
* Clifford Davidson as Bull Davidson
* Harvey Stafford as Randolph Truthers
* Dorothy Chase as Cleora
* Charles Colby as Sheriff Buck Summers
* H. Paul Walsh as Markes
* A. W. Dearie as Sam
* Charles Mears as Quosmo

## Production

In early April 1924 it was announced that Los Angeles distributor R.D. Lewis had acquired the distribution rights to the film, after he moved there from Oklahoma City. It was part of a six-picture deal of Art Mix films, which included Rider of Mystery Ranch and South of Santa Fe.
# Busujima Yuriko no Sekirara Nikki

Busujima Yuriko no Sekirara Nikki (毒島ゆり子のせきらら日記, The Stark Diary of Yuriko Busujima) is a 2016 Renzoku drama, starring former AKB48 member Atsuko Maeda, starting April 20, 2016. It aired every Wednesday at 24:10 JST (00:10) on Tokyo Broadcasting System. The story focuses on the scandalous daily life of Yuriko Busujima.

## About The Show

This is a "late-night soap opera". While working hard as a beat reporter of tycoon politicians, Yuriko is enjoying unbridled love in her private life. In the course of her work, she meets a man who she is instantly attracted to and falls in love. With the themes of love, two-timing and infidelity, this drama faithfully portrays the stark views of love and careers of modern young Japanese women. The drama centres on the two subjects of love and politics. Yuriko's views on love stem from an incident during her childhood, when she encountered her father having an affair, triggering her to develop her own set of rules for avoiding heartache from men. She ensures that she always has two boyfriends, so that even if one dumps her, she will still be loved by the other. To Yuriko, love and betrayal are inseparable. When she sees that the politician she is assigned to will be betrayed, she realizes that the political world is also one of love and betrayal.
The title song, "Selfish", is performed by Atsuko Maeda, with lyrics and production by Yasushi Akimoto. This marks Atsuko's first new song since "Seventh Chord", as she will release her first solo album on June 22, 2016. The title has a meaning of "self-centered" and "selfish", suiting the character of Yuriko. The lyrics intertwine with the character of Yuriko according to Maeda, who commented that "I am sure and I think we view of the world of drama is transmitted." The song performed in the drama by the character Midori Haba Watanabe Daichi is entitled "Let me hug you", a new release from the Japanese rock band 'Black Cat Chelsea'. The song was written by Watanabe for the drama.

## Staff

* Opening Theme: "Selfish" (Performed by: Atsuko Maeda)
* Script: Koichi Yajima
* Producers: Azusa Hashimoto, Hiroshi Togeta
* Music Composer: Pascals
* Directed by: Toshio Tsuboi, Maiko Ouchi, Yoshiaki Murao
* Produced by: Tokyo Broadcasting System
# Filipiny Płaskowickiej Street, Warsaw

Filipiny Płaskowickiej street (Polish: ulica Filipiny Płaskowickiej) is a thoroughfare which links the west and the east of Ursynów. It starts nearby the Nowoursynowska and crosses: Rosoła, Cynamonowa, Lanciego, Komisji Edukacji Narodowej, Dereniowa, Stryjeńskich, Pileckiego, Polskie Drogi and Roentgena. It has its end in the crossing with Puławska. Since 2017, the street is being rebuilt because of the construction project of the Expressway S2 including tunnel under Płaskowickiej.