OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# August Matthias Hagen

August Matthias Hagen (23 February 1794 – 2 December 1878) was a Baltic German painter and graphic artist. He specialized in landscapes and cityscapes with figures.

## Life

His father was a mill operator. Originally, he was apprenticed to be a carpenter but, while at a private boarding school, began to show some talent for drawing. Unfortunately, due to a childhood accident aggravated by a later illness, he was almost blind in one eye.
This had little effect on his artistic ability, apparently, because in 1810, on the recommendation of a local nobleman, he became a journeyman painter in Tartu. However, that did not turn out as planned, as he did more manual labor than learning. The following year, he began work in the graphics studio of Karl August Senff, who taught painting and engraving at the University of Dorpat.
In 1820, on the advice of Senff, he decided to go to Germany to sharpen his skills. Sailing to Lübeck, he travelled on foot to Berlin, Dresden, Prague and Vienna. He later took extended hikes through Switzerland and Italy, as far as Rome, keeping detailed diaries and making a huge number of sketches.
Four years later, after getting married in Passau, he returned to Tartu, where he worked as a drawing teacher at a boys' school. His best known works, a series of aquatints commemorating the anniversary of the reopening of the University, date from this period. He then taught at a girls' school from 1829 to 1832. After that, once again taking to the road, he painted scenes throughout Estonia and on islands in the Gulf of Finland.
In 1837, following a successful exhibition in Saint Petersburg, he was designated a "free artist" by the Imperial Academy of Arts and, the following year, succeeded his mentor Senff as Professor of drawing at the University of Tartu. He held that position until 1851, when he was forced to retire due to increasingly poor eyesight. Three years later he gave up painting. Not wishing to remain idle, he discovered that his sight was still good enough to take up photography and his small salon became very popular.
His daughter, Julie Wilhelmine, also became a well-known painter who married the astronomer, Ludwig Schwarz.
# Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari

Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari (born 1940) is an Indian poet, editor, critic and a former president of the Sahitya Akademi who served to the post from 2013 to 2018. He has published around 50 books in Hindi on various genres such as criticism, poetry, travelogues, biographies, interviews besides editing books.

## Biography

He was born in 1940 in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. He obtained BA with Hindi from Gorkhapur University and MA and PhD in Hindi literature. He served as the head of the department and acharya for Hindi at Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University until he retired in 2001. After starting his writing career he published his first uncertain book in 1970.
His prominent work includes Saath Chalte Hue, Kavita Kya Hai (What is kavita), and Bistar Duniya Le Liye.

## Awards

| Year | Award | Nominated work | Result |
| 2023 | Padma Shri | Contribution to Literature and Education | Won |
| 2019 | Sahitya Akademi Fellowship | Contribution to Hindi literature | Won |
| 2019 | Gangadhar National Award | — | Nominated |
| 2011 | Vyas Samman | Phir Bhi Kuch Rah Jayega | Won |
# Edward Cakobau

Ratu Sir Edward Tuivanuavou Tugi Cakobau KBE MC ED (21 December 1908 – 25 June 1973) was a Fijian chief, soldier, politician and cricketer. He was a member of the Fijian legislature from 1944 until his death, also serving as Minister for Commerce, Industry and Labour and Deputy Prime Minister. During the 1940s he made two appearances for the Fiji national cricket team.

## Biography

Cakobau was born in December 1908, the son of King George Tupou II of Tonga and his mistress Adi Litia Cakobau, who was a granddaughter of Seru Epenisa Cakobau, the first King of Fiji. He was a half-brother of Queen Salote Tupou III of Tonga.
He was educated at Wanganui Technical College between 1923 and 1928, and then Auckland Technical College. Whilst in New Zealand, he played a single first-class match for Auckland in the 1930–31 Plunket Shield and later made two first-class appearances for Fiji in 1948 against Otago and Auckland. He later attended Wadham College, Oxford to study colonial administration.
Cakobau returned to Fiji and worked as a schoolteacher. He later became a civil servant, starting as a clerk in the Native Affairs Department and rising to become Deputy Secretary for Fijian Affairs. He was one of Fiji's representatives at the coronation of George VI in 1937. During World War II he served in the Solomon Islands, for which he was awarded the Military Cross. In 1944 he was appointed to the Legislative Council as one of the five nominated Fijian members. He later returned to military service during the Malayan Emergency, serving in Malaya in 1953 and 1954, during which he became commanding officer of the Fiji Battalion. He was awarded the OBE for his service in Malaya, and was given a CBE in the 1966 Birthday Honours.
Cakobau continued to be nominated to the Legislative Council until the 1966 elections, when he elected unopposed in the Fijian Central cross-voting constituency. Following the elections, he was appointed Member for Commerce, Industry and Tourism. In 1967 he became Minister for Commerce, Industry and Labour. He was knighted in the 1971 New Year Honours. In the 1972 elections he ran for the Fijian seat in the Suva East national constituency and was elected to the House of Representatives. He was subsequently appointed Deputy Prime Minister by Kamisese Mara.
Cakobau died on 25 June 1973, and was buried on Bau on 29 June. He had four sons; the eldest, Viliame Dreunimisimisi (1937–2000) was responsible for the first distillery in the South Pacific and served as Minister for Tourism and Agriculture. The second son, Epeli Nailatikau was also a politician, serving as Speaker of the House of Representatives and later President. His third son, Tu'uakitau Cokanauto was also a minister; the fourth son was Keni Vuiyasawa.
# Donald Wilson (writer and producer)

Donald Boyd Wilson (11 September 1910 – 6 March 2002) was a Scottish television writer and producer who worked for the BBC. His work included co-creating the science fiction series Doctor Who in 1963, also later saying that he had named the series, and adapting and producing The Forsyte Saga in 1967.

## Early life and career

Wilson attended the Glasgow School of Art, following which his first jobs were as a newspaper cartoonist and sketch writer.
His initial career was in the film industry, including working for MGM at Elstree Studios, where he was Assistant Director of such films as Jericho (1937) and Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939). During the Second World War he served with the Cameronians and the 43rd Wessex Division before afterwards returning to the film industry, including helming his only film as director, Warning to Wantons. In 1955, he was recruited to BBC Television by the then Head of Drama, Michael Barry. As the Head of the Script Department, Wilson was ultimately responsible for overseeing the commissioning and development of all the original scripts and adaptations transmitted by BBC Television.

## Doctor Who

When the Script Department was rendered redundant by Sydney Newman’s radical shake-up of the BBC Drama Department after his arrival as its head in 1962, the highly respected Wilson was given one of the most senior positions under Newman as Head of Serials. In this position, Wilson was responsible for overseeing the creation and development of a series that Newman himself had originally conceived: an educational science-fiction serial entitled Doctor Who. It was Wilson, together with Newman and staff writer C. E. Webber, who co-wrote the first format document for the programme.
In a 1971 interview, Wilson said he was responsible for naming the series, and when this claim was put to Newman he did not dispute it.
Wilson was responsible for much of the early development work on the show, although he did strongly attempt to dissuade producer Verity Lambert from using writer Terry Nation's script featuring a race of aliens named Daleks. Once the script had been made and transmitted to great success, he called Lambert into his office to tell her that she clearly knew the show better than he did and that he would no longer interfere with her decisions.

## Later career

In 1965, Wilson gave up his position as Head of Serials to concentrate on realising a long-held ambition of bringing The Forsyte Saga to the screen. Acting as both adapter and producer, Wilson created one of the BBC’s most popular and successful drama serials of all time, which was a huge hit on its eventual screening on BBC Two in 1967, and was quickly repeated on BBC One. He later acted as adapter and producer again on such prestigious costume dramas as The First Churchills (1969) and Anna Karenina (1977), and also worked for Anglia Television on their series Orson Welles Great Mysteries in 1973.

## Death

After his work on Anna Karenina he retired to Gloucestershire, where he died at the age of 91 in March 2002.
# 1830 Naval Air Squadron

1830 Naval Air Squadron (1830 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN).
From HMS Illustrious 1830 NAS participated in Operation Robson over Sumatra in December 1944.

## Naval Reserve

1831 Squadron reformed at RNAS Abbotsinch (HMS Sanderling (now Glasgow Airport ) in Renfrewshire on 15 August 1947 as part of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, equipped with Fairey Firefly fighters.
# Catherine Beaulieu Bouvier Lamoureux

Catherine Beaulieu Bouvier Lamoureux (c. 1820 – 1918) was a Métis women living in the Northwest Territories. She was a founder and leader of the local Métis community.
The daughter of François Beaulieu II and Louise (or Catherine) St. Germain, she was born in the Salt River region near Fort Smith. In 1845, she was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church and attended the Grey Nuns school in St. Boniface. The Grey Nuns founded a hospital and school in Fort Providence in 1867 and she encouraged First Nations women to use their health care services.
Beaulieu spoke several languages Chipewyan, Cree, Michif and Slavey. She is believed to be the source of the Chipewyan oral history recorded by Fathers Émile Petitot and Grouard. She also helped to preserve oral tradition for her own people.
She was married twice: first to Joseph Bouvier in 1852 - he died in 1877 - and then, in 1879, to Jean-Baptiste Lamoureux. She died at Fort Providence in 1918 after the death of her second husband earlier that year.
During the winter, she often travelled the 150 miles between Fort Providence and Fort Rae; she also carried mail between the two communities.
In 2012, she was declared a Person of National Historic Significance by the Canadian government, the first woman in the Northwest Territories to receive that designation.
# Hadra, Poland

Hadra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Herby, within Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Lubliniec and 50 km (31 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Dick Guidry

Richard P. Guidry, known as Dick Guidry was an American politician and businessman, who served as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives.
# G. J. Higginbotham

Girstle Jefferson Higginbotham (February 22, 1920 – December 5, 2010), known as Dutch Higginbotham was an American politician in the state of Alabama. He served in the Alabama House of Representatives from 1966 to 1970, 1974 to 1977, 1986 to 1990, and 1990 to 1994. He also served in the Alabama State Senate from 1977 to 1978 and 1978 to 1982. In the House, he was chairman of the House Judiciary Committee from 1986 to 1994. His entire tenure in the Legislature he was a Democrat. Higginbotham was elected to the Alabama Board of Education in 1994 also as a Democrat. During that term he switched to the Republican Party and was re-elected as a member of the GOP. Born in Calhoun City, Mississippi, he was the son of C.F. and Mary Alice (née Winters) Higginbotham. He was a veteran of World War II and the Korean War, having served in the U.S. Army Reserve, reaching the rank of Colonel. He died at his residence in Opelika, Alabama in 2010 and was buried at Garden Hills Cemetery.
# Eduard Hiiop

Eduard Hiiop (19 December 1889 – 24 August 1941) was an Estonian figure skater and athlete. He participated in the 1928 Winter Olympics as the flag bearer for Estonia and competed in 1936, placing 18th with Helene Michelson in pair skating.
Hiiop started training in skating, gymnastics, athletics and cycling while living in Tartu in 1908. He then moved to Tallinn, and in 1912–13 focused on figure skating, tennis, and athletics: winning multiple Estonian titles in all these disciplines. He competed at the Estonian and Russian championships in most athletic events, including the decathlon. After retiring as a competitive athlete, he worked as a coach and sports functionary in Helsinki (1937–39) and Tallinn (1940–41). In August 1941 he was arrested by the Soviet authorities and presumedly died the same month.
# 2019 South Africa England netball series

The 2019 South Africa England netball series saw South Africa host England in November and December 2019 for a three-match series. The series was Jess Thirlby's first as new coach of the England team and was also Dorette Badenhorst's first home series as the new South African coach.

## Squads

South Africa vs. England :
| South Africa | England |
| Ine-Marí Venter Lenize Potgieter Renske Stoltz Lefébre Rademan Sigi Burger Bongi Msomi (c) Izette Griesel Romé Dreyer Khanyisa Chawane Kgomotso Itlhabanyeng Phumza Maweni Shadine van der Merwe Zanele Vimbela Monique Reyneke Precious Mthembu | George Fisher Eleanor Cardwell Kadeen Corbin Sophie Drakeford-Lewis Natalie Haythornthwaite (c) Jade Clarke Laura Malcolm Natalie Panagarry Stacey Francis Kate Shimmin Razia Quashie Fran Williams Gabriella Marshall Summer Artman |

## Matches
### First test

| 29 November 2019 5:00 pm | Report Stats | South Africa | 58–63 (A.E.T.) | England | Bellville Velodrome, Cape Town | SuperSport & Sky Sports |
| 29 November 2019 5:00 pm | Report Stats | Potgieter 48/51 (94%) Rademan 7/9 (78%) Stoltz 3/5 (60%) | | Cardwell 52/62 (84%) Corbin 8/12 (67%) Haythornthwaite 3/4 (75%) | Bellville Velodrome, Cape Town | SuperSport & Sky Sports |

### Second test

| 30 November 2019 5:00 pm | Report Stats | South Africa | 53–59 | England | Bellville Velodrome, Cape Town | SuperSport & Sky Sports |
| 30 November 2019 5:00 pm | Report Stats | Burger 25/26 (96%) Potgieter 23/25 (92%) Rademan 3/4 (75%) Venter 2/2 (100%) | | Cardwell 21/22 (95%) Fisher 23/28 (82%) Corbin 15/17 (88%) | Bellville Velodrome, Cape Town | SuperSport & Sky Sports |

### Third test

| 1 December 2019 5:00 pm | Report | South Africa | 54–48 | England | Bellville Velodrome, Cape Town | SuperSport & Sky Sports |
# Ludu Sein Win

Ludu Sein Win (Burmese: လူထုစိန်ဝင်း; 13 August 1940 – 17 June 2012) was a Burmese writer, journalist, and teacher. He is known for his freely writings about social activities and against government through his works. He was recorded as the most writable person in the scenes of Myanmar writers in late 2008.

## Personal life

Born from U Thar Din and Daw Kyi Khin in Mandalay, Burma. After finishing high school from Lafor Memorial High School, he went to Mandalay University in 1956 and then, moved to Rangoon University in 1959. While attending the university, he started as a free journalist. In 1964, he worked as a formal journalist in the Ludu Newspaper (The People), Mandalay, Myanmar. In 1967, the Burmese military regime imprisoned U Sein Win and also three editors (U Tin Maung Lay, U Mya Nyunt and U Tin Shein) from Ludu Newspaper (The People), banned in July 1967. He was jailed in Coco Island until 1971 and then, placed to Insein Prison. He was arrested again in 1978 after his release in 1973. When he was in Insein prison, his right side of body was failed to mobile because of suffering a stroke. Incapable of writing by the right hand, he practiced by the left hand. After releasing in 1980, he opened an English centre at his home from 1982 to 2000 being as an English teacher.

## Career

U Sein Win used 15 different pen names. His first published book is Soe moe kham (ေစာမုုိးခမ္း) and Taung Vietnam mah nga ye khan myar (ေတာင္ဗီယက္နမ္မွငရဲခန္းမ်ား) - From Mainland Hell to Island Hell was his first translation book. The book which had never been published before is the translation of Peking Diary by Derk Bodde. That book was recently published and sold in April, 2013 after he died.

## Final years

He turned his writing topic to youth, journalism, ethics and love besides his politics writing which were contributed to Weekly Eleven Journal. Since 2004, he had been aided by oxygen to his breathing because of lung cancer. He died on 17 June 2012. He continued writing till before he died. The article he did not finish is Pyan Lar Pyi Byout (I Am Back!). He wrote at least two articles daily to resist the government through writing.

## Legacy

The Ludu Library in Mandalay houses a complete collection of Sein Win's works.
# Amakusa District, Kumamoto

Amakusa (天草郡, Amakusa-gun) is a district located in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.
Following the March 27, 2006 Amakusa merger the district consists of the single town of Reihoku. After the merger, the district has an estimated population of 9,105 and a density of 135.77 persons per km$^2$. The total area is 67.06 km$^2$.

## Towns and villages

* Reihoku

## Mergers

* On March 31, 2004 the towns of Himedo, Matsushima, Ōyano and Ryūgatake merged to form the new city of Kami-Amakusa.
* On March 27, 2006 the towns of Amakusa, Ariake, Goshoura, Itsuwa, Kawaura, Kuratake, Shinwa and Sumoto merged with the cities of Hondo and Ushibuka to form the new city of Amakusa.
# Rain Man (disambiguation)

Rain Man is a 1988 American road comedy-drama film.
Rain Man may also refer to:
* Rain Main, a 1989 novelization of the 1988 film by Leonore Fleischer
* "Rain Man" (Eminem song)
* Rainman (wrestler), a ring name of professional wrestler Kory Chavis
* The hanafuda card depicting a figure with an umbrella
# Richard Newlove

Richard Newlove is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level for Featherstone Rovers (two spells), Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, Doncaster and the Sheffield Eagles. He played on the wing.

## Playing career
### Club career

Richard Newlove made his début for Featherstone Rovers on Sunday 3 September 1995.

## Genealogical information

Richard Newlove is the youngest son of the rugby league footballer John Newlove, and is the youngest brother of the rugby league footballers; Shaun Newlove and Paul Newlove.
# Mthwakazi Republic Party

Mthwakazi Republic Party is a political party in Zimbabwe. It has been described as both secessionist and restorationist, seeking to restore the Mthwakazi kingdom.

## History

The party was founded in 2014 in Bulawayo.
In 2020, the party started a campaign to obtain 20,000 signatures to petition the government, neighbouring countries, the British government, and the Queen of the United Kingdom, to restore the Mthwakazi kingdom. Mqondisi Moyo, the party president, said this initiative was inspired by UN resolutions, specifically, that "minority groups must be afforded their autonomy and self-determination", and that self-determination should be afforded to "all minority groups whose human rights were being denied and their dignity trampled on by majority ethnic groups anywhere in the world". Moyo said the Mthwakazi kingdom is made up of 20 different tribes.
In 2018, the party delivered a petition to Pick n Pay Stores, saying the company had become "a liability to the people of Bulawayo and Matabeleland in general, through meddling in tribal politics of the current regime".
In 2020, the party alleged that Ingutsheni Hospital was employing workers from outside Bulawayo, saying this was "a contravention of the Constitutional rights of Matabeleland dwellers".
On 8 April 2021 the Mthwakazi Republic Party staged a peaceful protest in the Zimbabwean embassy in South Africa, demanding the release of nine of their members held in Khami prison.
In August 2024, the Southern African Development Community secretariat in Gaborone, Botswana, acknowledged the petition receipt from the party, which the party regards as part of its International lobbying strategy.

## Elections

Prior to 2018, the party had not participated in Zimbabwe's elections, wanting "Matabeleland independence first". In the 2018 Zimbabwean general election, the party ran candidates "within the borders of Mthwakazi", stating it would be "important in raising the profile of his party and its restorationist agenda". The party promised that if elected, "the education sector remains our single most important target".
# 2023 Netball World Cup qualification – Africa

The Africa Netball World Cup Qualifiers were held in Pretoria, South Africa, between 21 August and 27 August 2022, with nine teams taking part. South Africa, while still participating in the tournament, had already qualified for the World Cup due to being the hosts, leaving eight teams to compete for two qualifying places.
Teams competed in two pools, with each team playing every other team in the pool. At the end of the pool stage, the first-placed team in each pool played the second-placed team of the other pool, with the winners playing each other in the final and the remaining teams playing each other to determine 3rd through 9th place. The top two teams of the tournament (excluding South Africa) qualified for the Netball World Cup.

## Pool A
### Standings

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| South Africa | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 248 | 152 | 96 | 8 |
| Zimbabwe | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 184 | 179 | 5 | 6 |
| Botswana | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 177 | 197 | -20 | 4 |
| Namibia | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 176 | 196 | -20 | 2 |
| Tanzania | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 148 | 209 | -61 | 0 |

### Matches

| 21 August 2022 | Namibia | 54–40 | Tanzania |
| 21 August 2022 | Botswana | 37–60 | South Africa |
| 22 August 2022 | Zimbabwe | 49–41 | Botswana |
| 22 August 2022 | South Africa | 66–38 | Namibia |
| 23 August 2022 | Namibia | 41–45 | Zimbabwe |
| 23 August 2022 | South Africa | 58–30 | Tanzania |
| 24 August 2022 | Namibia | 43–45 | Botswana |
| 24 August 2022 | Tanzania | 33–43 | Zimbabwe |
| 25 August 2022 | Botswana | 54–45 | Tanzania |
| 25 August 2022 | South Africa | 64–47 | Zimbabwe |

## Pool B
### Standings

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| Malawi | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 202 | 130 | 72 | 6 |
| Zambia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 159 | 141 | 18 | 4 |
| Kenya | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 113 | 154 | -41 | 2 |
| Eswatini | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 136 | 185 | -49 | 0 |

### Matches

| 21 August 2022 | Zambia | 46–30 | Kenya |
| 22 August 2022 | Malawi | 69–50 | Eswatini |
| 23 August 2022 | Zambia | 64–50 | Eswatini |
| 23 August 2022 | Kenya | 31–72 | Malawi |
| 24 August 2022 | Kenya | 52–36 | Eswatini |
| 25 August 2022 | Malawi | 61–49 | Zambia |

## Placement matches and finals
### 7th-9th place

| 25 August 2022 | Tanzania | 42–58 | Eswatini |
| 26 August 2022 | Namibia | 47-46 | Tanzania |
| 26 August 2022 | Namibia | 59-50 | Eswatini |

### 5th-6th place

| 26 August 2022 | Botswana | 49–57 | Kenya |

### Semi-finals

| 26 August 2022 | Malawi | 62-41 | Zimbabwe |
| 26 August 2022 | South Africa | 74-43 | Zambia |

### 3rd/4th place

| 27 August 2022 | Zambia | 49-59 | Zimbabwe |

### Final

| 27 August 2022 | South Africa | 60-44 | Malawi |

## Final placings

| Place | Country |
| | South Africa |
| | Malawi |
| | Zimbabwe |
| 4 | Zambia |
| 5 | Kenya |
| 6 | Botswana |
| 7 | Namibia |
| 8 | Eswatini |
| 9 | Tanzania |