OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stanley M. Friedman

Stanley Melvin Friedman (born March 18, 1936) is a former head of the Bronx County Democratic Committee (known colloquially as the Bronx Democratic Party), a former Deputy Mayor of New York City, and later hotelier.

## Early life

Friedman was born in the Bronx on March 18, 1936, and grew up in the Hunts Point district, where he was nicknamed "Bugsy." He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1953, the City College of New York in 1958 and Brooklyn Law School in 1961.

## Political career

Friedman was a lawyer for the Federal Trade Commission before serving as an assistant district attorney in the Bronx. He was an associate counsel to longtime New York City Council Majority Leader Thomas J. Cuite when he became the Deputy Mayor of New York City for Intergovernmental Affairs on January 2, 1975, reporting to Mayor Abe Beame. Friedman remained in the role until the end of Beame's term in December 1977, when Beame gave Friedman a lifetime appointment to the Board of Water Supply, a part-time job that came with a salary of $25,000 (equal to $107,509 in 2021 dollars), a limousine, and a secretary.
Mayor Ed Koch pressed Friedman to resign the position in May 1978, as Friedman received Koch's support to take control of the Democratic Party in the Bronx; however, Koch denied a connection between the resignation and his endorsement.
In 1978 Friedman became the leader of the Bronx chapter of the New York State Democratic Party ("Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Bronx County Democratic Committee"). He was succeeded in 1987 by New York State Assemblyman George Friedman, who was unrelated to his predecessor. Also, in 1978, he became a law partner to Roy Cohn at the firm of Saxe, Bacon & Bolan.
He was indicted on civil charges involving the New York City Parking Violations Bureau on March 27, 1986. He was defended in that case by Thomas P. Puccio. Friedman was later convicted on federal corruption charges in that case, which was presided over by Whitman Knapp and prosecuted by Rudy Giuliani. He was removed as the Bronx Democratic Party leader when he was sentenced to a 12-year prison term on March 12, 1987; concurrently, longtime protégé/factotum Stanley Simon resigned from the Bronx borough presidency amid pending criminal charges related to the contemporaneous Wedtech scandal. In this subordinate role, Simon had served as the principal executor of Friedman's political capital as a statutory voting member of the now-defunct New York City Board of Estimate since 1979. Friedman served four years in prison before his release in 1992.

## Post-political career

Having been barred for life from participating in politics and practicing law upon his conviction, Friedman became a hotelier following his release from prison. He managed facilities in Staten Island.
# Embassy of Qatar, London

The Embassy of Qatar at 1 South Audley Street in Mayfair, London is the diplomatic mission of Qatar in the United Kingdom. The embassy is housed in a Grade II listed three storey house designed by the architect Frederick Pepys Cockerell and completed after his death by George Aitchison.
The exterior of the house is richly decorated with a terracotta frieze depicting putti.
Qatar also maintains a Cultural and Military Section at 21 Hertford Street, Mayfair and a Health Section at 30 Collingham Gardens, South Kensington.

## Gallery

* Plaque outside the embassy in Arabic and English depicting the Emblem of Qatar
# Fín

Fín was an Irish Princess, who lived during the 7th century. She was a daughter or granddaughter of Colmán Rímid (died 604) of Cenél nEógain.
She formed some sort of marriage with Oswiu of Northumbria (c. 612 – 15 February 670), by whom she had Aldfrith (d. 14 December 704/705),
# Medicare Prompt Pay Correction Act

In United States legislation, S. 1221 and H.R. 1392 are companion bipartisan bills that eliminate prompt pay discounts from the calculation of Average Sales Price (ASP), which is the basis for Medicare drug reimbursement rates for community cancer clinics. S. 1221 was introduced by Senators Arlen Specter (D-PA) and Pat Roberts (R-KS).
H.R. 1392 was introduced by Representatives Gene Green (D-TX), Ed Whitfield (R-KY), Mike Ross (D-AR), Ed Towns (D-NY), Diana DeGette (D-CO), Mike Rogers (R-MI), Betty Sutton (D-OH), Bart Gordon (D-TN), Lee Terry (R-NE) and Ralph Hall (R-TX) and has close to 50 cosponsors.
S.1221 and H.R. 1392 will amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to ensure more appropriate payment amounts for drugs and biologicals under Part B of the Medicare Program by excluding customary prompt pay discounts extended to wholesalers from the manufacturer's Average Sales Price (ASP). Prompt pay discounts are provided by pharmaceutical manufacturers to drug distributors.
Because they are financing terms between manufacturers and distributors, prompt pay discounts are not passed on to community cancer clinics. However, the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) required that prompt pay discounts be included in the calculation of ASP. Their inclusion artificially reduces Medicare reimbursement rates by approximately 2%.
# Creux du Van

The Creux du Van is a natural rocky cirque approximately 1,400 metres wide and 150 metres deep, on the north side of Le Soliat, in the Val de Travers district in the Swiss canton of Neuchâtel. A very well known, amphitheatre-shaped natural attraction, it is at the heart of a nature reservation area of 15.5 km$^2$.

## Geology

The rocky arc of Creux du Van was created in three phases:
Phase 1: A glacier covered the area of today's Val de Travers around 140,000 years ago (Würm Ice Age). The stream of meltwater eroded material, making a V-shaped valley.
Phase 2: During subsequent ice ages, other glaciers were created and hollowed out the valley. In warmer periods, the material was eroded by meltwater.
Phase 3: After the removal of rocks from the fault, erosion of a stronger layer from a different age was much slower.
See cirque for a description of the process forming features like this.
The ground beneath the Creux du Van remains permanently frozen to this day (permafrost).

## Attraction

Ibex were introduced in the area in 1965. As of 2009, there are 17.

## Access

The summit area can be reached on foot or by car. A paved road from Saint-Aubin-Sauges (on Lake Neuchâtel) or Couvet (Val-de-Travers) climbs to la ferme du Soliat (1,382 m), a few minutes walk away from the summit of the rocky cirque. Some hiking paths are signposted, via les petites Fauconnières.
Notable trails in the areas include:
* Le sentier des quatorze contours (the path of the 14 bends) starts in Noiraigue (Val-de-Travers).
* Le sentier du Single leads to the summit directly from the area called La ferme Robert.
* Other unmarked paths allow access to the summit via la crête du Dos d'Ane or also from la Fontaine Froide via le Pertuis de Bise (a breach into the wall of rocks).

## Panorama

1467 Montagne de Bounty
# Anita Pinczi

Anita Pinczi (born 14 November 1993) is a Hungarian footballer who plays as a defender for Női NB I club Győri ETO FC and the Hungary women's national team.
# Maria Mikhailovich Volkonskaya

Princess Maria Mikhailovna Volkonskaya (born on 13 March 1863 - she was killed on 19 May 1943, Moscow, USSR) was a Russian princess, Catholic convert and writer.

## Biography

Volkonskaya was born on 13 March 1863 in a very old and aristocratic Russian family of Orthodox religion. In 1901 in Switzerland, like many of her relatives, including brothers Alexandr Volkonsky, Serge Volkonsky, Peter Volkonsky, she adopted Catholicism. For many years she lived in Rome, was an active parishioner of the Russian Catholic Church of Saint Lawrence, was involved in charity work and in the translations of Catholic spiritual literature into the Russian language. She was killed on 19 May 1943 in Moscow.

## Works

Our Lady of Lourdes. - St., 1906.
Don Bosco, the father of orphans and the poor. - St., 1906 Peter Olivain. - Petrograd, 1917.
Brief reflection on the Divine Passion of Christ. - Paris, 1932. The Story of a treatment (typing)
# Marina Elliott

Marina Elliott is a Canadian biological anthropologist, who is known for being one of the six Underground Astronauts of the Rising Star Expedition.
Eliott has a Master's degree and PhD in biological anthropology from Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada. Elliott has participated in excavations at Lake Baikal in southern Siberia, and at the northernmost archaeological site in the USA: Nuvuk on Point Barrow, Alaska.
While working on her PhD in 2013, Eliott was chosen to be part of a small team of scientists to excavate the Rising Star Cave near Johannesburg, South Africa. Her background in archaeology, caving experience and the ability to squeeze through narrow spaces made Elliott an ideal match for the select team.
She is currently a researcher at the Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, working on excavations at and around the Rising Star Cave. Elliott's research focuses on the archaeology and anatomy of the human skeleton, forensic anthropology and the archaeology of death and burial.

## Awards

In 2016, Elliott was awarded the National Geographic Society Emerging Explorer Award. "The program recognizes and supports uniquely gifted and inspiring scientists, conservationists, storytellers and innovators who are making a difference early in their careers."

## Selected publications

* Berger, LR; et al. (2017). "Homo naledi and Pleistocene hominin evolution in subequatorial Africa". eLife. 9 (6). doi:10.7554/eLife.24234. PMC 5423770. PMID 28483041.
* Elliott, Marina; et al. (2015). "Estimating body mass from postcranial variables: an evaluation of current equations using a large known-mass sample of modern humans". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 8 (4): 689–704. doi:10.1007/s12520-015-0251-6. S2CID 126828739.
* Elliott, Marina; et al. (2014). "Estimating fossil hominin body mass from cranial variables: an assessment using CT data from modern humans of known body mass". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 154 (2): 201–214. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22493. PMID 24615366.
* Elliott, Marina; Collard, Mark (2009). "FORDISC and the determination of ancestry from cranial measurements". Biology Letters. 5 (6): 849–852. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0462. PMC 2827999. PMID 19586965.
# Moss, Mississippi

Moss is an unincorporated community in Jasper County, Mississippi.

## History

Moss is located on the former Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad. The community is named for Captain B. F. Moss. The railroad stop was known as Mossville, but the post office was known as Moss. Moss was formerly home to two general stores.
A post office first began operation under the name Moss in 1904.

### Tornado history

On April 12, 2020, nearly every structure in town was damaged and numerous homes were destroyed when a large, violent EF4 tornado moved directly through town. The path of the tornado mirrored that of a long-tracked F3 tornado that struck the south side of town on April 21, 1951, also causing severe damage.
# Makran Trench

The Makran Trench is the physiographic expression of a subduction zone along the northeastern margin of the Gulf of Oman adjacent to the southwestern coast of Balochistan of Pakistan and the southeastern coast of Iran. In this region the oceanic crust of the Arabian plate is being subducted beneath the continental crust of the Eurasian plate.

## Tectonics

In the Makran region, the Arabian plate subducts beneath the Eurasian plate at ~2-4 cm/yr. This subduction is associated with an accretionary wedge of sediments which has developed since the Cenozoic. To the west, the Makran Trench is connected by the Minab Fault system to the Zagros fold and thrust belt. To the east, the Makran Trench is bounded by the transpressional strike-slip Ornach-Nal and Chaman Faults, which connect to the Himalayan orogeny. The Makran Subduction Zone is often split into two segments: the east and west. The Sonne fault divides the two. Though largely much quieter than many other subduction zones, studies reveal that the Makran Trench may be capable of very large earthquakes, even extending into the magnitude 9 range.

## Fluids, gas and mud volcanoes

The Makran accretionary complex is characterized by a number of features associated with escaping water and methane. Mud volcanoes are found onshore in both Iran and Pakistan, and cold seeps exist offshore. The formation of an island (Zalzala Jazeera) after the 2013 Balochistan earthquakes is thought to be the result of a mud volcano. An island (Malan island) formed as a mud volcano subsided under water due to gas release and mud extrusion. Heavy rain from monsoon season built pressure to the aquifer, enhancing the release of gas.

## Earthquakes

* 1945 Balochistan earthquake: A magnitude 8.1 event occurred on 28 November, causing a tsunami on the Makran coast.
* 5 August 1947: Mw 6.8 event just off the coast of western Pakistan
* 7 December 1989: Mw 6.0 event near the coast of southern Iran
* 7 February 2017: Mw 6.3 event just off the coast of western Pakistan
# Manoleasa

Manoleasa is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of eight villages: Flondora, Iorga, Liveni, Loturi, Manoleasa, Manoleasa-Prut, Sadoveni, Zahoreni.
Liveni is the commune's oldest attested village, being mentioned in a document of August 17, 1667.
# The Cucumbers

The Cucumbers are an American power pop band from New Jersey, founded in Hoboken in the early 1980s by husband-and-wife duo Jon Fried and Deena Shoshkes.

## History

Fried and Shoshkes met in their freshman dorm at Brown University and first performed on campus, doing folk and jazz standards acoustically, two voices accompanied by Fried on guitar. They lived together and wrote songs together and, in the early 1980s, moved to Europe. Their first song, "My Boyfriend", became a hit on the college radio charts, leading to national tours, a couple of videos on MTV, and reviews in Rolling Stone and People. They have been the subject of profiles in the New York Times, specifically by Jon Pareles. In the early 1990s, Shoshkes and three other musicians—Alice Genese, David Cogswell, and Frank Giannini—formed Over the Moon, an alternative rock group making music aimed at children. They released one eponymous album and performed at rock clubs, churches, and other locations in Hoboken and New York City. According to Nj.com, "...with a second child on the way, lead singer Deena Shoshkes and guitarist Jon Fried moved from their musical roots of Hoboken to Millburn. A suburban house gave them more room to raise their new family. Although the Cucumbers stepped out from the limelight of the Jersey scene they had been part for many years, they never stopped making music." They have received praise from music critic Robert Christgau.

## Discography
### Albums

* Who Betrays Me...And Other Happier Songs (1985) - Fake Doom Records
* The Cucumbers (1987) - Profile Records
* Where We Sleep Tonight (1994) - Zero Hour Records
* Total Vegitility (1999) - Home Office Records
* All Things to You (2004) - Fictitious Records
* The Fake Doom Years (2016) - Life Force Records
* The Desk Drawer Tapes (2021) - Life Force Records

### Extended plays

* The Cucumbers (1983) - Fake Doom Records
* All Shook Up (1986) - Fake Doom Records
# Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2011

The Melodi Grand Prix Junior 2011 was Norway's tenth national Melodi Grand Prix Junior for young singers aged 8 to 15. It was held in Oslo Spektrum, Oslo, Norway and broadcast live Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK).
The winner was Sval Rosenløw Eeg, known as Sval, with the song "Trenger deg" (Norwegian for Need you).

## Results
### First round

| No. | Artist | Song | Result |
| 01 | The Sugarsmokers | "Fåkke lov" | Eliminated |
| 02 | Sol Strøm Jensen | "Kom tilbage" | Super finalist |
| 03 | Lina Tufto | "Klatre steg for steg" | Eliminated |
| 04 | Nordlyset | "Ikke gå i fra meg" | Eliminated |
| 05 | Emma Valkeapää | "Don" | Eliminated |
| 06 | Seven B | "Et fett liv" | Super finalist |
| 07 | Tiril Asak | "Du planter et smil" | Eliminated |
| 08 | Erlend Guttulsrud Kristiansen | "Ta det som det kommer" | Eliminated |
| 09 | Sval Rosenløw Eeg | "Trenger deg" | Super finalist |
| 10 | Kristin Langsrud | "Alltid være barn" | Super finalist |

### Super Final

The exact number of public votes was unknown. Only the winner was announced.
| No. | Artist | Song | Position |
| 01 | Sol Strøm Jensen | "Kom tilbage" | Unknown |
| 02 | Seven B | "Et fett liv" | Unknown |
| 03 | Sval Rosenløw Eeg | "Trenger deg" | 1 |
| 04 | Kristin Langsrud | "Alltid være barn" | Unknown |
# American Museum of Western Art – The Anschutz Collection

The American Museum of Western Art – The Anschutz Collection is a non-profit museum located in Denver, Colorado. Founded in 2010, it is the permanent home for The Anschutz Collection, a formerly private collection of paintings that surveys the art of the American West from the early 19th century to the present.

## Overview

With a collection that spans nearly two centuries of art history, the museum's holdings include examples of early American expeditionary painting, Hudson River School and Rocky Mountain School landscapes, 19th-century American narrative painting, early American modernism, Expressionism, Cubism and Abstraction, American Regionalism, “New Deal Art”, and Abstract Expressionism.Painters well represented include George Catlin, Henry Farny, Thomas Hill, Albert Bierstadt, Frederic Remington, Maynard Dixon, Ernest Blumenschein, Victor Higgins, Georgia O'Keefe, Marsden Hartley, Emil Bisstram, Birger Sandzen, Thomas Hart Benton, Frank Mechau, and Kim Wiggins.
The Anschutz Collection of American Museum of Western Art is an outcome of the efforts made over 50 years by the Anschutz family, and the credit goes to businessman, Philip Anschutz, who is in oil, real estate and telecommunications. A lover of art, he chose this passion of his to race cars or racehorses. And to promote American Idealism he toured widely to 10 different countries, including the former Soviet Union.
The American Museum of Western Art is run under the directorship of his daughter, Sarah Hunt.

## Gallery

* Ernest L. Blumenschein, The Peacemaker (The Orator), 1913. The American Museum of Western Art: The Anschutz Collection
* William de Leftwich Dodge, The Death of Minnehaha, 1892. The American Museum of Western Art: The Anschutz Collection
* Burial on the Plains by Richard Lorenz 1890
# Arapaho (disambiguation)

The Arapaho are a tribe of Native Americans who originally lived in what is now eastern Colorado and Wyoming.
Arapaho or Arapahoe may also refer to:
* Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation, federally recognized tribe of Northern Arapaho in Wyoming
* Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, federally recognized tribe of Southern Arapaho in Oklahoma
* Arapaho language

## Places

* Arapahoe at Village Center (RTD), a transit station in Greenwood Village, Colorado
* Arapahoe Basin, a ski area in Colorado
* Arapaho Center station (Dallas Area Rapid Transit), a transit station in Richardson, Texas
* Arapahoe, Colorado, an unincorporated town
* Arapahoe County, Colorado
* Arapahoe Creek, a tributary of the Nodaway River in northwestern Missouri
* Arapahoe, Nebraska, a small city
* Arapahoe, North Carolina, a small town on the eastern coast of North Carolina on the Neuse River
* Arapaho, Oklahoma, county seat of Custer County, Oklahoma
* Arapahoe, Wyoming, a town on the Wind River Indian Reservation, home to the Northern Arapahoe Tribe

## Transportation

* USS Arapahoe (1864), a sloop-of-war or frigate which was never constructed, being canceled in 1866
* USS Arapaho (AT-14), a tugboat launched on 20 June 1914
* USS Arapaho (ATF-68), a tugboat laid down on 8 November 1941 at Charleston, South Carolina
* Piper PA-40 Arapaho, a replacement for the Piper PA-39 Twin-Comanche C/R. Only three built, project cancelled
* Bell ARH-70 Arapaho, a light military helicopter designed for the United States Army's Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter (ARH) program.

## Other

* The "Arapaho" project, referring to the PCI Express computer expansion card interface format
# Quebec Citadelles

The Quebec Citadelles (French: Citadelles de Québec) were a Minor ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. They played in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada at the Colisée Pepsi. The name refers to the Citadelle of Quebec, a landmark fortification in that city since the late 17th century.
The Citadelles were a minor-league feeder team that developed players for the NHL's Montreal Canadiens organization. This AHL team was established in 1999 to much fanfare, and played with good fan support (and some success) for three seasons, before being relocated and merged into the Hamilton Bulldogs.

## History

One of the team's most striking features was its choice of a mascot and emblem. The team's sweaters were emblazoned with an iconically depicted goat's head, representing the goat mascot of the Royal 22$^e$ Régiment (The Van Doos) stationed in the Citadel of Quebec. By tradition, this goat is always named 'Batisse'. The regiment's goat is a descendant of one presented to the unit by Queen Elizabeth II in 1955 (which, in turn, was the descendant of a goat given to Queen Victoria from the Shah of Iran in 1844).
    The franchise was previously known as: Fredericton Canadiens (1990–1999).
    The market was previously served by: Quebec Rafales of the IHL (1996–1998).
    The market is currently served by: Quebec Remparts of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (1997–present).
    The franchise was merged with the: Hamilton Bulldogs (co-owned with the Edmonton Oilers organization in 2002, and wholly operated by the Montreal Canadiens from 2003–2015).

## Season-by-season results
### Regular season

| Season | Games | Won | Lost | Tied | OTL | Points | Goals for | Goals against | Standing |
| 1999–00 | 80 | 37 | 34 | 5 | 4 | 83 | 227 | 238 | 1st, Atlantic |
| 2000–01 | 80 | 41 | 32 | 3 | 4 | 89 | 264 | 252 | 2nd, Canadian |
| 2001–02 | 80 | 35 | 27 | 15 | 3 | 88 | 257 | 254 | 1st, Canadian |

### Playoffs

| Season | 1st round | 2nd round | 3rd round | Finals |
| 1999–00 | L, 0–3, Providence | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | W, 3–1, St. John's | L, 1–4, Saint John | — | — |
| 2001–02 | L, 0–3, Hamilton | — | — | — |

## AHL team records

    Goals: 32 Eric Landry (2001–02)
    Assists: 55 Craig Darby (2001–02)
    Points: 75 Eric Landry (2001–02)
    Penalty minutes: 231 Dave Morissette (1999–00)
    GAA: 2.37 Dan Murphy (1999–00)
    SV%: .924 Dan Murphy (1999–00)
    Career goals: 66 Pierre Sevigny
    Career assists: 97 Pierre Sevigny
    Career points: 163 Pierre Sevigny
    Career penalty minutes: 380 Jonathan Delisle
    Career goaltending wins: 53 Mathieu Garon
    Career shutouts: 5 Mathieu Garon
    Career games: 218 Pierre Sevigny
Affiliates
* Montreal Canadiens (1999-2002)

## Notable Citadelles

* Carl Fleury
* Ron Hainsey
* Andrei Markov
* Stephane Robidas

## Other teams with the same name

An early incarnation of the team played in the Quebec Junior Hockey League during the 1920s through the 1960s, developing such notable players as Jean Beliveau, Camille Henry, and Jacques Plante. It was also notable for having the first two Newfoundland trained players to play Major Junior hockey.