OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gibber tuberculatus

Gibber tuberculatus is a species of weevil in the genus Gibber native to Taiwan.

## Appearance

This species has dark brown eyes with a white line through the middle. The snout is long with a pattern looking like a pitchfork with a line through it, and white eye spots. It has a bumpy abdomen and a light brown overall coloration. Its mouth parts are small, sharp and reddish brown.
# Phosphodiester bond

In chemistry, a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups (−OH) in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. The "bond" involves this linkage C−O−PO−2O−C. Discussion of phosphodiesters is dominated by their prevalence in DNA and RNA, but phosphodiesters occur in other biomolecules, e.g. acyl carrier proteins, phospholipids and the cyclic forms of GMP and AMP (cGMP and cAMP).

## Phosphodiester Backbone of DNA and RNA

Phosphodiester bonds make up the backbones of DNA and RNA. In the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids, a phosphate is attached to the 5' carbon of one nucleoside and to the 3' carbon of the adjacent nucleoside. Specifically, it is the phosphodiester bonds that link the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another (hence the name 3', 5' phosphodiester linkage used with reference to this kind of bond in DNA and RNA chains). The involved saccharide groups are deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. In order for the phosphodiester bond to form, joining the nucleosides, the tri-phosphate or di-phosphate forms of the nucleotide building blocks are broken apart to give off energy required to drive the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. In DNA replication, for example, formation of the phosphodiester bonds is catalyzed by a DNA polymerase enzyme, using a pair of magnesium cations and other supporting structures. Formation of the bond occurs not only in DNA and RNA replication, but also in the repair and recombination of nucleic acids, and may require the involvement of various polymerases, primers, and/or ligases. During the replication of DNA, for example, the DNA polymerase I leaves behind a hole between the phosphates in the newly formed backbone. DNA ligase is able to form a phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides on each side of the gap.
Phosphodiesters are negatively charged at pH 7. The negative charge attracts histones, metal cations such as magnesium, and polyamines [needs citation]. Repulsion between these negative charges influences the conformation of the polynucleic acids.

## Breaking the Phosphodiester Bond

Hydrolysis (breaking) of phosphodiester bonds can be promoted in several ways. Phosphodiesterases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond. These enzymes are involved in repairing DNA and RNA sequences, nucleotide salvage, and in the conversion of cGMP and cAMP to GMP and AMP, respectively. Hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond also occurs chemically and spontaneously, without the aid of enzymes. For example, simple ribose (in RNA) has one more hydroxyl group than deoxyribose (in DNA), making the former less stable and more susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis, wherein relatively high pH conditions induce the breaking of the phosphodiester linkage between two ribonucleotides. The relative instability of RNA under hydroxyl attack of its phosphodiester bonds makes it inadequate for the storage of genomic information, but contributes to its usefulness in transcription and translation.
# 1687 in science

The year 1687 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* The constellation Triangulum Minus is named by Johannes Hevelius.

## Biology

* Alida Withoos at the house of Agnes Block makes a painting of the first pineapple bred in Europe.

## Medicine

* Dutch physician Willem ten Rhijne publishes Verhandelinge van de Asiatise Melaatsheid na een naaukeuriger ondersoek ten dienste van het gemeen in Amsterdam, explaining Asian leprosy to the West.

## Physics

* July 5 – Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known as the Principia, is published by the Royal Society of London. In it, Newton describes his theory of universal gravitation, explains the laws of mechanics (including Newton's laws of motion), gives a formula for the speed of sound and demonstrates that Earth is an oblate spheroid. The concepts in the Principia become the foundations of modern physics.

## Births

* October 14 – Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (died 1768).

## Deaths

* January 28 – Johannes Hevelius, German astronomer (born 1611).
# James Cochran (North Carolina politician)

James Otis Cochran (ca. 1767 – April 7, 1813) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina; born near Mount Tirzah Township, Person County, North Carolina, about 1767; attended the public schools; engaged in agricultural pursuits near Helena, North Carolina; member of the State house of commons 1802–1806; served in the State senate in 1807; elected as a Republican to the Eleventh and Twelfth Congresses (March 4, 1809 – March 3, 1813); died in Roxboro, Person County, N.C., April 7, 1813; interment in the burial ground at Leas Chapel, five miles west of Roxboro, N.C. He is the grandfather of James Cochran Dobbin.
Cochran parents, Charles and Isabelle (Whitelaw) Cochran, were natives of Perth, Scotland.
# Brazil at the 1980 Summer Paralympics

Brazil competed at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, Netherlands. 2 competitors from Brazil won no medals and so did not place in the medal table.
# Sofiane Tergou

Sofiane Tergou (born 3 September 1991) is a French footballer.

## Career

After two seasons in France with US Sarre-Union, Tergou moved to the United States to attend Southern New Hampshire University, where he would continue his studies after attending the University of Strasbourg.
While playing at SNHU, Tergou played with Premier Development League side Seacoast United Phantoms in 2015.
Tergou signed with United Soccer League side Rochester Rhinos on 14 May 2016.
# Simon Sabiani

Simon Pierre Sabiani (14 May 1888 – 29 September 1956) was a French businessman and politician. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1928 to 1936.

## Early life

Simon Pierre Sabiani was born in 1888 in Casamaccioli, Corsica, France. He had four brothers and one sister. He moved to Marseille.
Sabiani served in World War I within the XVth corps of the 112th regiment of line infantry. He was nicknamed the "Pierre de Bayard Corse" (Corsican war hero) and awarded the Legion of Honour and the Croix de Guerre for his service.

## Career

Sabiani joined the SFIO in 1919, and for a while the PCF. In 1923, he founded the "Parti d’action socialiste", (Socialist action party). In 1925, he was elected to the General Council of Bouches-du-Rhône. Among his friends and "electoral agents" were the French mafiosi Paul Carbone, François Spirito, as well as Antoine Guérini, who had helped him get into the mayor´s office of Marseille in 1929.
From 1928 to 1936, he served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, representing Bouches-du-Rhône, succeeded by François Billoux. From 1929 to 1935 he served as an advisor to the Deputy Mayor of Marseille.
In 1936, he joined the Parti Populaire Français (PPF) led by Jacques Doriot, where he became a member of the political bureau, heading the local PPF section. On 4 July 1936 he addressed a right-wing faction during a demonstration in Aix-en-Provence which turned violent.
During World War II, he was the general secretary of the Marseille Bureau of the Légion des Volontaires Français, a collaborator of the Vichy regime. On 5 August 1942 he was arrested alongside Paul Carbone in Marseille over the possible murder of two women and the shooting of five more people during the Bastille Day march a month earlier. Meanwhile, he acted as an informant to the Gestapo throughout the war.
Shortly after the war, members of the French resistance put him on a list of collaborators they wanted to kill. However, he went missing. He exiled himself to Sigmaringen, in Southern Germany, then Italy, Argentina, and finally to Spain under the name of Pedro Multedo. However, he returned to Corsica clandestinely to visit his mother when she turned almost one hundred years old.

## Death

Sabiani died in 1956 in Barcelona, Spain. He was buried in the family chapel of Casamacciuli.

## Works

* Simon Sabiani, La Vérité sur l'attentat de Marseille, Grandes Conférences des Ambassadeurs, 1934
* Simon Sabiani, Colère du peuple, Les Œuvres Françaises, 1936 (préface de Jacques Doriot)
# Richard Browning (inventor)

Richard Browning is a British inventor and the creator of the Daedalus Flight Pack "jet suit". He is the founder and chief test pilot of Gravity Industries, his company that designs and builds the invention.

## Education

Browning was educated at Queen's College, a boarding and day independent school for boys (now co-educational) in the county town of Taunton in Somerset, followed by Cardiff University, where he initially studied engineering and then, after one semester, switched to exploration geology.

## Career

Browning set out in 2016 to experiment with the concept “using the human mind to balance and control the body in flight structure”, adding power in the form of micro gas turbines (jet engines). His development journey, culminating in the first flight in November 2016, was the subject of a 2017 TED talk and the “Taking on Gravity” publication.
Browning received initial investment and launched the company Gravity Industries in April 2017 together with WIRED magazine and Red Bull. Public demonstrations of the invention included over 100 flight events across 33 countries. He was referred to as a "real-life Iron Man” by several media outlets.
TIME magazine featured the jet suit as amongst the best inventions of 2018.
Gravity Industries was recognized by Guinness World Record for the fastest flight in a body-controlled jet suit in November 2019 at 85 mph (135 kmph).
Gravity Industries received a $640,000 investment from Tim Draper and Adam Draper after the first public demonstration outside Draper Associates & Boost VC offices at Hero City in San Mateo.
Gravity Industries is now a permanent team of seven based in Salisbury, UK and has a support network around the world. The company business model includes TV & media work, commercial events & displays, brand collaborations, STEM initiatives, and public flight training & flight experiences in the UK and US. Gravity also has a wide range of partnerships with the UK, the US and European militaries, and a range of search & rescue organizations.
The company was planning to launch the Gravity Race Series in March 2020 in Bermuda, but this was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gravity's jet suit was named the Daedalus suit, a name chosen by Browning's son when he was aged eight, in reference to Daedalus of Greek mythology, although as of 2022 the name is not used on the company's website.

## Personal life

Prior to founding Gravity, Browning was a Royal Marines reservist for 6 years and an oil trader with British Petroleum for 16 years. He is married and has 2 children.

## Selected publications

* Taking on Gravity: A Guide to Inventing the Impossible from the Man Who Learned to Fly (2021, Bantam: ISBN 978-1787630895)
# Matt Zone

Matt Zone is a former Cleveland, Ohio city councilman. He was president of the National League of Cities. Zones serves as the senior vice president and director of Thriving communities. He is a member of the United States Democratic Party.

## Early life and education

Zone was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Michael and Mary Zone.
He graduate from Cleveland State University's College of Urban Affairs.

## Career

Zone was elected as a Cleveland City Councilman in 2001. He represented Ward 15 for nearly two decades before resigning in 2020 to become a senior VP at the Western Reserve Land Conservancy's Thriving Communities program in Northeast Ohio.
In 2017, he served as President of the National League of Cities.
He is the former past President of the Northeast Ohio City Council Association (NOCCA).

## Personal life

Zone and Michelle have one son, who is a detective with the Cleveland Police. Zone's older sister, Peggy Fisher, is the wife of former Ohio Lieutenant Governor Lee Fisher. His younger sister, Melissa, is an activist and urban planner in Florida. His cousin Joseph is a Cleveland Municipal Court judge.
# Prince Charles Hospital

Prince Charles Hospital (Welsh: Ysbyty'r Tywysog Siarl) is a district general hospital in Gurnos, Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. It is managed by the Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board.

## History

Construction of the first phase of the new hospital began in 1972 and it was officially opened in 1978. Services were transferred from Merthyr General Hospital in 1986, and once a second phase of the Prince Charles Hospital had been completed in 1991, services also transferred from Buckland Hospital.
A new Emergency Care Centre opened in 2012 and the complete refurbishment of the whole hospital was approved by the Welsh Government in October 2013.
As part of a £6m revamp, a new state-of-the-art maternity unit was unveiled at the hospital in 2019.
A hospital helipad was installed in 2017 at the cost of £700,000 and intended to be used for emergency night-time takeoffs and landings by rescue helicopters. In 2019 it had yet to be used because of a lack of adequate fencing and lights, which has raised safety concerns.
The hospital's maternity services were put into special measures in 2019 after concerns were raised about the treatment of mothers and their babies. There were also concerns about the standard of care affording to a cancer patient who died in the hospital.
# Connes

Connes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alain Connes (born 1947), French mathematician
* Janine Connes (1926–2024), French astronomer
# Egypt at the 1980 Summer Paralympics

Egypt competed at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, Netherlands.

## Medals

33 competitors from Egypt won 14 medals including 4 gold, 7 silver and 3 bronze and finished 22nd in the medal table.

## Team

The team included Strange Khater, Hanan Ahmed Fathi, vegetables Metwally, Salem Zubayna, Mohammad Ahmed Salama, Najat Jaber Al-Ali, and Tamer Labib.

## Background

Egypt lacked a national disability sports federation for these Games. One would not be established until after these Games, ahead of the 1984 Games.
# Wenlong Subdistrict

Wenlong Subdistrict (Chinese: 文龙街道) is a subdistrict in Qijiang District of Chongqing, China. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 121,058 and an area of 122.45-square-kilometre (47.28 sq mi). The subdistrict is bordered to the north by the towns of Xinsheng and Anlan, to the east by the towns of Hengshan, Sanjiao, Shijiao and Sanjiang Subdistrict, to the south by Gunan Subdistrict, and to the west by the towns of Guangxing and Dushi.

## History

Wenlong Subdistrict was established on December 1, 2007.
On 22 June 2020, parts of the subdistrict were submerged, with some roads underwater.

## Administrative division

As of December 2019, the subdistrict is divided into seven villages and thirteen communities:
* Mengjiayuan Community (孟家院社区)
* Caiba Community (菜坝社区)
* Shifogang Community (石佛岗社区)
* Daijiagang Community (代家岗社区)
* Changshenggou Community (长生沟社区)
* Yangjiawan Community (杨家湾社区)
* Hetaowan Community (核桃湾社区)
* Jiulong Community (九龙社区)
* Shuanglong Community (双龙社区)
* Huilongwan Community (回龙湾社区)
* Shaxi Community (沙溪社区)
* Tianqiao Community (天桥社区)
* Wenlong Community (文龙社区)
* Hongqi (红旗村)
* Chundeng (春灯村)
* Dongwu (东五村)
* Songbang (松榜村)
* Taigong (太公村)
* Baimiao (白庙村)
* Jinchai (金钗村)

## Geography

The Qi River flows through the subdistrict.

## Economy

The local economy is primarily based upon agriculture and local industry.

## Transport

The G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway passes across the town north to south.
# John Morra

John Morra (born May 25, 1989) is a Canadian professional pool player. Morra has represented Canada at the World Cup of Pool on seven occasions, partnering Jason Klatt in 2011, 2012 and 2015, and Alex Pagulayan in 2013, 2014, 2017 and 2019. Morra is a multiple time champion on the Canadian 9-Ball pool tour. He reached the quarter-finals of the 2010 World Pool Masters. In 2018, Morra switched from playing right handed to left handed due to a shoulder injury. However, he still breaks with a right-handed stroke, as he is unable to generate the required amount of power breaking left-handed.

## Personal life

Morra began playing tournament pool in Toronto, Ontario, where his family moved to when he was ten years old. Both his parents, Mario Morra and Anita McMahon, have played professional pool and snooker.

## Titles

* 2024 Canadian Ten-ball Championship
* 2024 Canadian Nine-ball Championship
* 2024 Jay Swanson Memorial Nine-ball
* 2022 Hex.com Pro Am Ten-ball
* 2021 National Billiards League Ten-ball Championship
* 2021 Southeastern Triple Crown One Pocket
* 2017 Canadian Nine-ball Championship
* 2017 Texas Open Nine-ball Championship
* 2016 Canadian Ten-ball Championship
* 2016 Super Billiards Expo Players Championship
* 2016 Hard Times Ten-ball Open
* 2016 Texas Open Nine-ball Championship
* 2015 Canadian Ten-ball Championship
* 2015 Canadian Eight-ball Championship
* 2015 Canadian Nine-ball Championship
* 2014 Canadian Eight-ball Championship
* 2013 Canadian Ten-ball Championship
* 2013 Canadian Nine-ball Championship
* 2012 Canadian Ten-ball Championship
* 2012 Derby City Classic Bank Pool
* 2011 CSI US Bar Table Eight-ball Championship
* 2010 Canadian Ten-ball Championship
* 2009 Canadian Nine-ball Championship
* 2007 Canadian 9-Ball Tour
* 2004 BCA Junior 9-Ball Championship
# Sri Lanka at the 2000 Summer Paralympics

Sri Lanka competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia. 3 competitors from Sri Lanka won no medals to finish joint 69th in the medal table along with all other countries who failed to win medals.
# Aghajari oil field

The Aghajari oil field is an iranian oil field located in Khuzestan Province. It was discovered by Anglo-Persian Oil Company in 1938 and developed by National Iranian Oil Company. It began production in 1940 and produces oil. The total proven reserves of the Aghajari oil field are around 30 billion barrels (3758×10$^6$tonnes), and production is centered on 170,000 barrels per day (27,000 m$^3$/d). The field is owned by state-owned National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and operated by National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC). Aghajari Gas Injection Project is aimed at boosting production from this aging field.
# Guy Sumner Lowman Jr.

Guy Somner Lowman Jr. (Columbia, Missouri, 1909–1941) was an American linguist who received a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1929 and a Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of London in 1931. From 1931 to 1933 he was a Sterling Fellow at Yale University. He worked as a chief field investigator for the Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada from 1931 to 1941, interviewing more than a thousand informants along the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada. He also conducted field interviews in Southern England to find correspondences in English and American dialects. He was a member of the Modern Language Association and served as chairman of the phonetics section.
After his death in 1941, the University of Wisconsin–Madison established the Guy S. Lowman Scholarship to further research in linguistics.

## Literature

* Kurath, Hans, with Miles L. Hanley, Bernard Bloch, Guy S. Lowman Jr. and Marcus L. Hansen. 1939–1941. Linguistic Atlas of New England. 2 volumes, Providence, RI: Brown University. Reprint edition, 3 volumes, New York: AMS Press, 1972.
* Kurath, Hans and Guy S. Lowman Jr. 1961. The Dialectal Structure of Southern England: Phonological Evidence. University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.(= Publications of the American Dialect Society 54)
* Viereck, Wolfgang. 1975. Lexikalische und grammatische Ergebnisse des Lowman-Survey von Mittel- und Südengland. 2 volumes. München: Wilhelm Fink.

## Sources

* Voices from the Days of Slavery - Interviewer Biographies (American Memory from the Library of Congress)
* This biography of a United States linguist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Life in Motion

Life in Motion: An Unlikely Ballerina is an autobiography by Misty Copeland, written with Charisse Jones, published March 4, 2014 by Aladdin. In the book, Copeland discusses her history toward becoming the only African-American soloist with the American Ballet Theatre following a life in which she and her family lived in poverty.
A young readers edition was published December 6, 2016.
The book was a New York Times bestseller.

## Reception
### First edition

In a starred review on behalf of Booklist, Amber Peckham noted that Copeland's "professional success is impressive, but it’s not what makes her memoir such an unexpected page-turner". Peckham explained, "What keeps us reading is Copeland’s intelligent, fair, and warm voice. She speaks with candor about having to lose her luscious curves and cover herself with white makeup to look more acceptable on stage, but she never places blame on those who asked her to do so. Her story is an inspiration to anyone—man or woman, black or white—who has ever chased a dream against the odds, and the grace with which she triumphs is an example for us all."
Publishers Weekly described the writing as "graceful", noting that "Copeland demonstrates a remarkable ability to focus on the positive. Although she expresses a responsibility to break through color barriers for aspiring black dancers, her achievements will encourage all those attempting to beat the odds in competitive fields".
Kirkus Reviews described the book as "interesting but self-congratulatory", noting that "Copeland’s depiction of the drive that pushed her to succeed in a white-dominated art form is inspiring, but she often overplays her narrative hand to the point where self-assurance comes across as smugness or arrogance."
The Washington Post' also reviewed Life in Motion.

### Young readers edition

Kirkus Reviews noted that "Copeland writes in a conversational tone" and that the book would be good for "any reader in need of inspiration".
Booklist also reviewed the young readers edition.

## Awards and honors

Life in Motion was a New York Times bestseller. In 2014, Booklist included Life in Motion on their list of the year's "Top 10 Arts Books". The following year, they included it on their list of 2015's "Top 10 Multicultural Nonfiction" books. In 2017, the Young Adult Library Services Association named Life in Motion a top ten selection for their list of Popular Paperbacks for Young Adults.
# James Stewart (North Carolina politician)

James Stewart (November 11, 1775 – December 29, 1821) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina; born in Scotland November 11, 1775; received a liberal education; immigrated to the United States and settled near Stewartsville, North Carolina; engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits; member of the North Carolina House of Commons in 1798 and 1799; served in the State senate 1802-1804 and 1813–1815; elected as a Federalist to the Fifteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alexander McMillan and served from January 5, 1818, to March 3, 1819; resumed mercantile and agricultural pursuits; died near Laurinburg, North Carolina, on December 29, 1821; interment in the Old Stewartsville Cemetery, near Laurinburg.
About 1800, he built the Stewart-Hawley-Malloy House; it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
# Fernando Suárez de Tangil

Fernando Suárez de Tangil y Angulo, 2nd Marquess of Covarrubias de Leyva, 4th Count of Vallellano (3 August 1886 – 6 September 1964) was a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Public Works of Spain between 1951 and 1957, during the Francoist dictatorship.