OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pluricontinentalism

Pluricontinentalism (Portuguese: Pluricontinentalismo) was a geopolitical concept, positing that Portugal was a transcontinental country and a unitary nation-state consisting of continental Portugal and its overseas provinces. With origins as early as the 14th century, pluricontinentalism gained official state sponsorship in the Estado Novo regime. It was the idea that Portugal was not a colonial empire (Portuguese Empire) but a singular nation-state spread across continents (hence the name).
As such, overseas possessions were a part of Portuguese identity. The first time that Portugal was a pluricontinental country was during the reign of Maria I of Portugal, with the creation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, when the Portuguese court was living in Brazil and Rio de Janeiro served as the capital for the country. The idea of pluricontinentalism quickly collapsed following the Carnation Revolution in 1974.

## People associated with pluricontinentalism

* António Vieira
* Luís da Cunha
* Maria I of Portugal
* John VI of Portugal
* Pedro IV of Portugal
* António de Oliveira Salazar
# The Ashes (film)

The Ashes (Polish: Popioły) is a 1965 Polish historical drama film directed by Andrzej Wajda, referencing the classic Stefan Żeromski epic novel of Polish Literature of the same name. It was entered into the 1966 Cannes Film Festival. It sold about 6 million tickets in Poland, becoming one of the highest-grossing Polish films of all time.

## Cast

* Daniel Olbrychski - Rafał Olbromski
* Bogusław Kierc - Krzysztof Cedro
* Piotr Wysocki - Jan Gintułt
* Beata Tyszkiewicz - Princess Elżbieta
* Pola Raksa - Helena de With
* Władysław Hańcza - Rafal's Father
* Jan Świderski - General Sokolnicki
* Jan Koecher - General de With
* Zbigniew Sawan - Krzysztof's Father
* Józef Duriasz - Piotr Olbromski
* Zbigniew Józefowicz - Michcik
* Janusz Zakrzeński - Napoleon Bonaparte
* Józef Nalberczak - Soldier Wanderer
* Stanisław Zaczyk - Józef Poniatowski
* Zofia Saretok - Helena's Aunt
* Krzysztof Litwin - Officer
* Arkadiusz Bazak - Officer
* Tomasz Zaliwski - Officer
* Stanisław Mikulski - Polish Soldier
# Vyšný Skálnik

Vyšný Skálnik (Hungarian: Felsősziklás) is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia. Now more or less tourist village with a water reservoir, constructed in the 1970s and now a place for fishing, in winter a skating rink. In the village neighbourhood are chalets and cottages, where their owners from Bratislava, but also other Slovak cities take their rest. It is a birthplace of a poet of Štúr generation, Ján Botto. The village hosts its museum, statue and a plaque on the house where he was born.
# Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine

Matthias I (c. 1119 – 13 May 1176) was the duke of Lorraine from 1138 to his death as the eldest son and successor of Simon I and Adelaide. Like his forefathers going back to Theodoric II and even to Adalbert, he was a stern supporter of the king of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor. He married Bertha (sometimes called Judith), daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Swabia, and therefore niece of the Hohenstaufen king Conrad III and sister of Frederick Barbarossa, future emperor.
He accompanied Barbarossa on a number of important occasions, including his imperial coronation by Pope Adrian IV in Rome, 1155. He assisted the emperor in his wars against Adrian and his successor Alexander III and the kings of France and Sicily. He extended his own ducal demesne at the expense of the bishop of Toul, but was an important donor to the Church and founder of abbeys. He died in 1176 and was interred in his abbey of Clairlieu in Villers-lès-Nancy. By his Hohenstaufen marriage (1138), he had:
* Simon (died 1205), his successor in Lorraine
* Frederick (died 1206), count of Bitche and his nephew's successor
* Judith (died 1173), married Stephen II, count of Auxonne (1170)
* Alice (died 1200), married Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy
* Theoderic (died 1181), bishop of Metz (1174–1179)
* Matthias (died 1208), count of Toul
* Unnamed daughter who died young
# Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha

Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha (transl. Manikyam of Paleri: A Midnight Murder Story) may refer to:
# Terence Wilmot Hutchison

Terence Wilmot Hutchison FBA (13 August 1912 – 6 October 2007) was an economist and economic historian.

## Early years

The son of Robert Langton Douglas, Hutchison was born in Bournemouth and was educated at Tonbridge School. Remaining unaware of his father's identity until his teens, he was a half-brother to Marshal of the Royal Air Force William Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside. His Australian mother, Grace Hutchison (1870–1935), brought him up in the Christian Scientist faith.
Hutchison attended Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1931 to study the classics but switched to economics, taking his bachelor of arts degree, with first class honours, in 1934. Subsequently, he spent a year at the London School of Economics (LSE), then became a lecturer in economics in Bonn, Germany in 1935, due to an interest in Ludwig Wittgenstein. He spent approximately three years in Bonn, learning the German language while researching German studies in economics.
Following a brief period in Vienna, Hutchison moved to Baghdad in 1938 to take up a position at a teacher training college. The installation of a pro-Nazi regime in Iraq in 1941 prompted him to move to Bombay, where he joined the Indian Army as an intelligence officer, serving initially on the Northwest Frontier, then in Egypt and finally in Delhi.

## University career

In 1946, he began his British university career with a position at the University of Hull. After a year at Hull, he moved to the LSE, where he became interested in the history of economics. The University of Birmingham named him Mitsui Professor of Economics in 1956, holding that position he held until he retired in 1978. He continued to teach the history of economics for another two years.
After retiring, Hutchison published the book Before Adam Smith in 1988, the first book in English to systematically analyze 18th Century economic writing before the publication of Adam Smith's seminal work The Wealth of Nations (1776).

## Personal life

Hutchison married the German national Loretta Hack, a student in Bonn, in 1935. She died in 1981. In 1983, he married the American academic Christine Donaldson, who died in 2003. He had three children.

## Selected publications

* Terence W. Hutchison, 1938. The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory, Macmillan. This work established his credentials as an economic methodologist.
* _____, 1941. "The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory: A Reply to Professor Knight," Journal of Political Economy, 49(5), pp. 732-750.
* _____, 1953. A Review of Economic Doctrines 1870-1929, Oxford),
* _____, 2000. On the Methodology of Economics and the Formalist Revolution, Edward Elgar. Description and preview.
* Frank H. Knight, 1940. "'What is Truth' in Economics," [article review of Hutchison, 1938] Journal of Political Economy, 48(1), pp. 1–32. Reprinted in Selected Essays by Frank H. Knight: "What is Truth" in Economics?, University of Chicago Press, pp. 372-399.

## Archives

Papers related to Hutchison's career are held at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
# Barış Bağcı

Barış Bağcı (born 27 May 1975, Karaman) is a Turkish theater, cinema, and television actor. He is known for his role as Baiju Noyan in the TV series Diriliş: Ertuğrul.

## Biography

He graduated from Konya Selçuk University Conservatory theater department. After working in Trabzon State Theater, he continued his career at Istanbul State Theater.
He played in adaptations of Turkish classic novels Küçük Hanımefendi, Yaprak Dökümü.
He played in period series "Kırık Kanatlar". He played the Mongol commander Baycu Noyan in Diriliş: Ertuğrul. He played the role of Sultan Tuğrul Bey in Alparslan: Büyük Selçuklu.
He played in TV films "Çember".

## Filmography
### Television

| Title | Role | Year |
| Gümüş | Emir | 2005 |
| Kırık Kanatlar | Halim | 2006–2007 |
| Yaralı Yürek | Veysel | 2007 |
| Yaprak Dökümü | Ali Sarper | 2009–2010 |
| Küçük Hanımefendi | Ömer | 2011–2012 |
| Kara Kutu | Katip Günal | 2015 |
| Diriliş: Ertuğrul | Baiju Noyan | 2015–2016 and 2018 |
| Çember | Başkomiser Barış | 2017 |
| Masumlar Apartmanı | Cüneyt | 2020–2021 |
| Alparslan: Büyük Selçuklu | Sultan Tuğrul | 2021-2023 |
| Kudüs Fatihi Selahaddin Eyyubi | Rashid ad-Din Sinan | 2023- |

### Film

| Title | Role | Year |
| Pars: Operation Cherry | Kadir Zebari | 2006 |
| Breath | Lieutenant Barış | 2009 |
| Losers' Club | Devrim | 2010 |
| Pazarları Hiç Sevmem | Ali | 2011 |
# Oberpullendorf District

Bezirk Oberpullendorf (Croatian: Kotar Gornja Pulja; Hungarian: Felsőpulya Járás) is a district of the state of Burgenland in Austria. As of 2023, it had a population of 37,743.

## Municipalities

Towns (Städte) are indicated in boldface; market towns (Marktgemeinden) in italics; suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters. Where appropriate, the Hungarian or Croatian names are given in parentheses.
* Deutschkreutz (3,126)
** Girm
* Draßmarkt (1,376)
** Karl, Oberrabnitz
* Frankenau-Unterpullendorf (Frakanava-Dolnja Pulja) (1,179)
** Frankenau, Großmutschen, Kleinmutschen, Unterpullendorf
* Großwarasdorf (Veliki Borištof) (1,452)
** Kleinwarasdorf, Langental, Nebersdorf
* Horitschon (1,881)
** Unterpetersdorf
* Kaisersdorf (Kalištrof) (610)
* Kobersdorf (1,928)
** Lindgraben, Oberpetersdorf
* Lackenbach (1,112)
* Lackendorf (570)
* Lockenhaus (2,011)
** Glashütten bei Langeck im Burgenland, Hammerteich, Hochstraß, Langeck im Burgenland
* Lutzmannsburg (885)
** Strebersdorf
* Mannersdorf an der Rabnitz (1,804)
** Klostermarienberg, Liebing, Rattersdorf, Unterloisdorf
* Markt Sankt Martin (1,175)
** Landsee, Neudorf bei Landsee
* Neckenmarkt (1,695)
** Haschendorf
* Neutal (1,055)
* Nikitsch (Filež) (1,424)
** Kroatisch Geresdorf (Gerištof), Kroatisch Minihof (Mjenovo)
* Oberloisdorf (780)
* Oberpullendorf (Hungarian: Felsőpulya) (3,029)
** Mitterpullendorf
* Pilgersdorf (1,661)
** Bubendorf im Burgenland, Deutsch Gerisdorf, Kogl im Burgenland, Lebenbrunn, Salmannsdorf im Burgenland, Steinbach im Burgenland
* Piringsdorf (863)
* Raiding (815)
* Ritzing (916)
* Steinberg-Dörfl (1,259)
** Dörfl, Steinberg
* Stoob (1,466)
* Unterfrauenhaid (665)
* Unterrabnitz-Schwendgraben (650)
** Schwendgraben, Unterrabnitz
* Weingraben (Bajngrob) (362)
* Weppersdorf (1,838)
** Kalkgruben, Tschurndorf
# Eliakim Sherrill

Eliakim Sherrill (February 16, 1813 – July 4, 1863) was an antebellum United States Congressman from the state of New York and a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg defending against Pickett's Charge.

## Early life

Sherrill was born in Greenville, New York, where he attended the public schools. He moved to Herkimer County in 1832. He married Emily Eldridge, a daughter of Judge Eldridge of Madison County. The couple moved to Shandaken in 1838, where Sherrill owned a tannery. He entered local politics, holding several political offices. He served as a major in the State Militia.
He was elected as a Whig to the 30th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1847, to March 3, 1849. He was a member of the New York State Senate (10th D.) in 1854 and 1855. Three years later, he moved to Brooklyn, then in 1860 to Geneva, where he had a farm.

## Civil War

During the Civil War, he organized the 126th New York Infantry in August 1862 and became its first colonel. His regiment was among the troops defending Harpers Ferry against Joseph B. Kershaw's Confederate brigade of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws's division during the Maryland Campaign. He was severely wounded with a gunshot through his lower jaw in fighting on Maryland Heights during the Battle of Harpers Ferry. Sherrill was captured and later paroled. The wound never healed, but he temporarily rejoined his regiment at Union Mills, Virginia, in October 1862. After a furlough for further recuperation, he returned for duty on January 27, 1863.
He commanded the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps, after Col. George L. Willard's death on July 2, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg. Sherrill, in his first full day commanding the brigade, was positioned near Ziegler's Grove on Cemetery Ridge, when he was mortally wounded on July 3 by a musket shot in the bowels. Carried off the field by men of the 39th New York Infantry, he was taken to the XI Corps field hospital, where he died about 8:00 a.m. the next day. His body was sent by the regimental surgeon to Baltimore for embalming. Lt. Col. James M. Bull, 126th New York Infantry, who filed the brigade's report, giving a detailed account of the artillery barrage on July 3 but not much on the repulse of Pickett's Charge, places Sherrill's death at 4 p.m.
His granddaughter, Carrie Babcock Sherman, was Second Lady of the United States, 1909-1912.
# Vaibhav Deshpande

Vaibhav Deshpande (born 11 January 1987) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Rajasthan.
# 2014 Morehead State Eagles football team

The 2014 Morehead State Eagles football team represented Morehead State University in the 2014 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by second-year head coach Rob Tenyer and played their home games at Jayne Stadium. They were a member of the Pioneer Football League. They finished the season 4–8, 3–5 in PFL play to finish in a tie for seventh place.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| August 30 | 6:00 pm | at No. 20 Richmond* | Robins StadiumRichmond, VA | | L 10–55 | 7,725 |
| September 6 | 6:00 pm | Pikeville* | Jayne StadiumMorehead, KY | WYMT | W 49–36 | 8,918 |
| September 13 | 6:00 pm | at Eastern Kentucky* | Roy Kidd StadiumRichmond, KY (Old Hawg Rifle) | OVCDN | L 13–55 | 16,700 |
| September 20 | 1:00 pm | at Davidson | Richardson StadiumDavidson, NC | | W 40–32 | 2,972 |
| October 4 | 1:00 pm | Campbell | Jayne StadiumMorehead, KY | OVCDN | L 24–31 | 7,827 |
| October 11 | 1:00 pm | Jacksonville | Jayne StadiumMorehead, KY | OVCDN | L 26–45 | 3,755 |
| October 18 | 1:00 pm | at Dayton | Welcome StadiumDayton, OH | | L 7–41 | 3,014 |
| October 25 | 1:00 pm | Valparaiso | Jayne StadiumMorehead, KY | OVCDN | W 48–47 | 3,583 |
| November 1 | 12:00 pm | at Butler | Butler BowlIndianapolis, IN | | L 52–62 | 2,877 |
| November 8 | 4:00 pm | at San Diego | Torero StadiumSan Diego, CA | | L 28–49 | 1,184 |
| November 15 | 1:00 pm | Stetson | Jayne StadiumMorehead, KY | OVCDN | W 41–18 | 4,658 |
| November 22 | 12:00 pm | at Charlotte* | Jerry Richardson StadiumCharlotte, NC | | L 14–52 | 10,826 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# United Democratic Party (The Gambia)

The United Democratic Party (abbr. UDP) is a political party in the Gambia, founded in 1996 by 3 political parties (the then-banned PPP, NCP and GPP) and choose the human rights lawyer, freedom fighter, ANM Ousainou Darboe to be the party leader and Secretary General. As a candidate in the presidential election of 18 October 2001, he came second with 32.6% of the popular vote; he took second place again in the 22 September 2006 presidential election with 26.7% of the vote. The 17 January 2002 parliamentary election was boycotted by the party. In the 25 January 2007 parliamentary election, the party won four out of 48 seats.
After Darboe was jailed in April 2016 for his political activities in opposition to the ruling government of Yahyah Jammeh and his Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction party, the previous UDP deputy treasurer Adama Barrow was selected as its leader and candidate for the 2016 presidential election. The UDP then became part of the opposition alliance known as Coalition 2016, a group of seven political parties, and the Coalition endorsed Barrow as its candidate. Barrow officially resigned from the party to allow him to run as a formally independent candidate endorsed by the Coalition. Barrow then won the election in a surprise victory. When Jammeh refused to accept the election result, he was forced from office by a regional military intervention, and when Barrow won the election, Darboe was released from prison.
In the 2021 election, the party once again backed Ousainou Darboe who lost the election and received 27.7% of the vote.
In the 2022 National Assembly election, the party won 15 of the 53 available seats.

## Electoral history
### Presidential elections

| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
| 1996 | Ousainou Darboe | 141,387 | 35.84% | Lost N |
| 2001 | Ousainou Darboe | 149,448 | 32.59% | Lost N |
| 2006 | Ousainou Darboe | 104,808 | 26.69% | Lost N |
| 2011 | Ousainou Darboe | 114,177 | 17.36% | Lost N |
| 2016 | Adama Barrow | 227,708 | 43.29% | Won Y |
| 2021 | Ousainou Darboe | 238,253 | 27.72% | Lost N |
* ↑ Supported Adama Barrow as independent candidate for Coalition 2016.

### National Assembly elections

| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
| 1997 | Ousainou Darboe | 104,568 | 33.97% | 7 / 45 | 7 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2002 | Ousainou Darboe | Election boycotted | Election boycotted | 0 / 49 | 7 | | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2007 | Ousainou Darboe | 57,545 | 21.84% | 4 / 49 | 4 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2012 | Ousainou Darboe | Election boycotted | Election boycotted | 0 / 48 | 4 | | Extra-parliamentary |
| 2017 | Adama Barrow | 142,146 | 37.47 | 31 / 53 | 31 | 1st | Coalition (UDP-NRP-PPP) |
| 2022 | Ousainou Darboe | 138,176 | 28.04 | 15 / 53 | 16 | 2nd | Opposition |
# Tours VB

Tours VB is a professional men's volleyball club which is playing their home matches at the Salle Robert Grenon in Tours, France.
Tours VB plays in LNV Ligue A, top volleyball league in France. According to Media Guide book, the annual budget of Tours is € 2,500,000 for Season 2021/2022 which is the highest budget of all teams.

## Honours
### Domestic

* French Championship
    Winners (9): 2003–04, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2022–23
* French Cup
    Winners (11): 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2022–23
* French SuperCup
    Winners (5): 2005–06, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2022–23

### International

* CEV Champions League
    Winners (1): 2004–05
    Silver (1): 2006–07
    Final Four (1): 2003–04
* CEV Cup
    Winners (1): 2016–17
    Silver (1): 2021–22

## Team

As of 2022–23 season
| No. | Name | Date of birth | Position |
| 1 | João Rafael Ferreira | (1993-03-17) 17 March 1993 (age 31) | outside hitter |
| 2 | Pierre Derouillon | (1999-06-06) 6 June 1999 (age 25) | outside hitter |
| 5 | Leandro dos Santos | (1993-01-13) 13 January 1993 (age 31) | middle blocker |
| 6 | Aymeric Pelvet | (2001-01-24) 24 January 2001 (age 23) | outside hitter |
| 7 | Luciano Palonsky | (1999-07-08) 8 July 1999 (age 25) | outside hitter |
| 8 | Gary Chauvin | (1987-12-29) 29 December 1987 (age 36) | setter |
| 9 | Thiébault Bruckert | (1991-04-16) 16 April 1991 (age 33) | middle blocker |
| 10 | Aboubacar Dramé Neto | (1994-02-16) 16 February 1994 (age 30) | opposite |
| 12 | Dmytro Teryomenko | (1987-02-01) 1 February 1987 (age 37) | middle blocker |
| 14 | Benjamin Diez | (1998-04-04) 4 April 1998 (age 26) | libero |
| 17 | Željko Ćorić | (1988-08-24) 24 August 1988 (age 36) | setter |
| 19 | José Ademar Santana | (1996-02-06) 6 February 1996 (age 28) | outside hitter |
| 20 | Jakub Klajmon | (2003-02-20) 20 February 2003 (age 21) | middle blocker |
| 22 | Michaël Parkinson | (1991-11-23) 23 November 1991 (age 33) | middle blocker |
| Head coach: | Head coach: | Marcelo Fronckowiak | Marcelo Fronckowiak | Marcelo Fronckowiak |
# Chirag Pathak

Chirag Pathak (born 2 February 1987) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Saurashtra.
# Andja

Andja (German: Addinal) is a village in Rakvere Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.
# Science College, Kokrajhar

Science College, Kokrajhar, established in 1995, is a general degree science college situated in Kokrajhar, Assam. This college is affiliated with the Gauhati University.

## Departments
### Science

* Physics
* Mathematics
* Chemistry
* Computer Science
* Botany
* Zoology
* Physiotherapy
* I.T
# Stalden i.E. railway station

Stalden i.E. railway station (German: Bahnhof Stalden im Emmental), also known as Stalden im Emmental railway station, is a railway station in the municipality of Konolfingen, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is located on the standard gauge Burgdorf–Thun line of BLS AG. This station is served as a request stop by local trains only.

## Services

As of the December 2024 timetable change, the following services stop at Stalden i.E.:
* Bern S-Bahn S21 / S42: two per hour between Thun and Konolfingen, with every other train continuing from Konolfingen to Hasle-Rüegsau.
# Centre for Higher Education

The Centre for Higher Education (CHE) (German: Centrum für Hochschulentwicklung) is a German organization dedicated to higher education reform. Founded in 1994 by the Bertelsmann Stiftung and the German Rectors' Conference as a non-profit limited liability company, it is best known to the public for its published university rankings.

## History

The institution was founded as a gGmbH by the Bertelsmann Stiftung and the German Rectors' Conference in Gütersloh on 9 February 1994 and commenced operations on 1 May 1994. The Executive Director is Frank Ziegele (until 2021 together with Jörg Dräger).
An advisory board advises the centre on its content. The members of the advisory board include Walter Rosenthal, Carsten Könneker, Anne Lequy and Birgitta Wolff.

## CHE University Ranking

Introduced in 1998, the annual CHE University Ranking is the most comprehensive ranking of German universities and Fachhochschulen.

## Criticism

CHE has been criticized for lobbying the media, politics and society to increase the acceptance of tuition fees and "elite" universities. The relationship between CHE and Bertelsmann is seen as particularly problematic. Since CHE is largely financed by the Bertelsmann Stiftung, which is the majority owner of Bertelsmann, critics doubt the sociopolitical neutrality and non-profit nature of the institution and assume that CHE's policies are significantly influenced by the interests and ideas of the media corporation. For example, the main content of the North Rhine-Westphalia Higher Education Freedom Act, which aimed to denationalise universities, was formulated by the CHE and adopted by the FDP education minister, Andreas Pinkwart, in largely the same form in the government draft.
# Isabell Ost

Isabell Ost (born 21 October 1988) is a German speed skater. She competed in the women's 1500 metres at the 2010 Winter Olympics.