OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peretaite

Peretaite is a sulfate of antimony and calcium. The mineral, Ca(SbO)$_4$(SO$_4$)$_2$(OH)$_2$ (2(H$_2$O)), was named Peretaite for its locality. It was first discovered in an antimony-bearing vein at Pereta, Tuscany, Italy.

## Occurrence

Peretaite occurs in only small quantities, as aggregates of tabular crystals. The crystals are found in the geodes of a deeply silicified limestone. It also occurs in the cavities of columnar stibnite. Other associated minerals are stibnite, quartz, calcite, pyrite, valentinite, kermesite, sulfur, and gypsum. Peretaite can often be red from the inclusion of valentinite. The mineral was formed by the action of sulfuric acid on the stibnite; peretaite is closer to the boundary of the country rock limestone, which is the source of the calcium in peretaite.

## Physical properties

The mineral peretaite has transparent crystals that are colorless. It has a vitreous luster and perfect {100} cleavage. The density of peretaite was determined by a heavy-liquid method, crystals tend to float in a Clerici solution, which has a density of 4.0 g/cm$^3$, therefore the density is 3.8 g/cm$^3$.

## Chemical properties

The mineral is made up of 4 oxides. Most of this mineral is made up of an Antimony oxide, Calcium, and a sulfur oxide. Some of the qualitative analyses of peretaite were done by an ORTEC X-ray microanalyzer and an ARL SEMQ electron microprobe. Later it was discovered that the crystals would disintegrate under the electron beam. Therefore, a wet chemical analysis was performed for the sulfur content, calcium was determined by atomic absorption, and antimony was determined by alternating current anodic stripping voltammetry.
Chemical Analysis in Weight % :
| Oxide | Ideal weight percentage | Analytical Results |
| Sb$_2$O$_3$ | 68.31 | 69.09 |
| CaO | 6.58 | 6.44 |
| SO$_3$ | 18.78 | 17.62 |
| H$_2$O | 6.33 | 6.0 |

## Crystallography

X-ray single-crystal study indicated peretaite had a symmetry of 2/m with a space group of C2/c or Cc and a crystal system of monoclinic.
# Curite

Curite is a rare mineral with the chemical composition Pb$_3$[(UO$_2$)$_4$|O$_4$|(OH)$_3$]$_2$·2 H$_2$O. It is therefore a hydrated lead uranyl oxide, which forms red needles or orange, massive aggregates.

## Etymology and history

Curite was first found at Shinkolobwe mine (formerly known as "Kasolo mine“) in Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Alfred Schoep (1881–1966) described the mineral for the first time in 1921 and named it after physicist and Nobel laureate Pierre Curie (1859–1906).

## Classification

The mineral is classified according to Strunz as part of the uranyl hydroxides, forming its own group with additional cations (K, Ca, Ba, Pb etc.) and primarily UO$_2$(O,OH)$_5$ pentagonal polyhedra with system number 4.GB.55.
Dana classifies the mineral to the oxides and hydroxide, as part of the uranium- and thorium-containing oxides with oxidation state 6+ containing Pb, Bi, hydroxyl groups or water.

## Crystal structure

Curite crystallises orthorhombically in space group Pnam with the lattice parameters a = 12,56 Å; b = 13,02 Å und c = 8,40 Å and two formula units per unit cell.
The crystal structure consists of layers of corner- and edge-sharing uranyl polyhedra, in which the uranyl cation shows both pentagonal-bipyramidal and square-bipyramidal coordination. The lead cations connect these layers by coordinating to the oxygen atoms of uranyl group.

## Radioactivity

The mineral is radioactive because of its uranium content of about 63%. Considering the composition with respect to the ideal sum formula, a specific activity of about 113,4 kBq/g can be given. The absolute value of any given mineralogical sample may vary drastically depending on the general composition of the mineral with its matrix, the amount of material and its age.

## Occurrence

Curite is a secondary uranium mineral, which forms by alteration of geologically old uraninite. Additionally, lead atoms form due to radioactive decay. Curite is found in the oxidation zone along with dewindtite, fourmarierite, kasolite, rutherfordine, schoepite, soddyite, sklodowskite, torbernite und vandendriesscheite.
Curit has been found, apart from its type locality Shinkolobwe mine, at a further 50 localities, e.g. in Egypt; Northern Territory, Australia; Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony, Deutschland; Auvergne, Bretagne, Alsace und Limousin, France; Lombardy and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy; Northwest Territories, Canada; Fianarantsoa, Madagascar; Aust-Agder and Telemark, Norway; Karelia, Russia; Namaqualand, South Africa; Bohemia and Moravia, Czechia; Baranya and Heves, Hungary as well as in Colorado, New Hampshire und New Mexico, USA.

## Precautions

Because of its radioactivity samples of this mineral should be kept in air-tight containers. Inhaling the dust or incorporation should be avoided.

## Literature

* Paul Ramdohr, Hugo Strunz (1978), Klockmanns Lehrbuch der Mineralogie (16. ed.), Ferdinand Enke Verlag, p. 560, ISBN 3-432-82986-8
* Petr Korbel, Milan Novák (2002), Mineralien Enzyklopädie, Eggolsheim: Nebel Verlag GmbH, p. 111, ISBN 3-89555-076-0
# Rya Taza

Rya Taza (Armenian: Ռյա Թազա) or Ria Taza (Kurdish: Ria Taza, lit. 'New way') is a village in the Alagyaz Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. It was formerly known as Kondakhsaz or known by locals as Qundesaz. Most residents of Rya Taza are Sîpkî Yezidis who migrated to the Aparan region from Kars in the 19th century.
The village is home to a ruined Armenian church built between the 10th and 13th centuries. It also contains an old cemetery with animal-shaped tombstones. In December 2020, a Yezidi cleric from the Lalish holy site located in Iraq blessed a newly built temple named after Shekhubekir (Şêxûbekir) which is open to the public.
* Ruined St. Sarkis church
* Cemetery featuring animal-shaped monuments
* The entrance to the Yezidi temple
* The Yezidi temple
# Marklite

Marklite is a hydrated copper carbonate mineral named after Gregor Markl, a German mineralogist at the University of Tübingen. Markl found the type specimen of marklite in the dumps of the Friedrich-Christian mine in the Black Forest Mountains in southwestern Germany. Markl specializes in crustal petrology and geochemistry and has studied the hydrothermal ore deposits of the Black Forest area. Jakub Plášil of the Institute of Physics at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and colleagues identified its structure.
Marklite crystals are long, thin blades that reach 0.2 mm in length. The mineral is chemically similar to georgeite, claraite, cuproartinite, azurite, and malachite.

## Localities

Germany: Friedrich-Christian Mine, Wildschapbach valley, Schapbach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg
# Soddyite

Soddyite is a mineral of uranium. It has yellow crystals and usually mixed with curite in oxidized uranium ores. It is named after the British radiochemist and physicist Frederick Soddy (1877–1956). Soddyite has been a valid species since 1922, following its discovery in the locality of the Shinkolobwe uranium mine in the Haut-Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
# Jamal al-Faisal

Jamal al-Faisal (1915 – 28 September 1995) was a Syrian military officer who played a significant role during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He served as the Chief of Staff of the Syrian Army in 1959, succeeding Lieutenant General Afif al-Bizri.
He was born in Homs to a father who was a merchant and mosque imam, and a mother from the influential Haraki family in Maarat al-Numan.
He was promoted to the rank of General in February 1959. Al-Faisal strongly opposed the dissolution of the union between Syria and Egypt and refused to join its ranks, declaring his absolute loyalty to the union and its president. He was retired in 1961 and wrote his memoirs.
During his tenure, al-Faisal was appointed as the commander of the First Army, a position he held from 1958 to 1961.
The UAR dissolved following a coup d'état in Syria on September 28, 1961, which led to Syria's secession from the union. After the secession coup, he traveled with Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer to Cairo and came back three months later, where he was met with legal charges.
# Cuprosklodowskite

Cuprosklodowskite is a secondary uranium mineral formed by alteration of earlier uranium minerals. Its empirical formula is Cu(UO$_2$)$_2$(HSiO$_4$)$_2$·6(H$_2$O). Cuprosklodowskite is a nesosilicate mineral, It is grass green to dark green in color, and its crystal habit is typically acicular, flat bladed crystals. It is a strongly radioactive mineral.
Cuprosklodowskite was discovered in 1933 at the Kalongwe deposit in (then) Katanga province, Belgian Congo, the type locality. It was named in the mistaken belief that the mineral was the copper analogue of sklodowskite, which in turn was named for Marie Skłodowska Curie (1867–1934).
It occurs in association with becquerelite, brochantite, uranophane, kasolite, vandenbrandeite, liebigite and compreignacite.
# Vasan Healthcare

Vasan Healthcare Group is a healthcare group in India. Founded by A. M. Arun, the group is based in Trichy and has more than 170 eye care hospitals in India and 27 dental hospitals across 4 states in South India. The company also operates two multi-speciality hospitals in Trichy. Vasan Eye Care Hospitals serve as day-care centres in the treatment of eye ailments. They started their first hospital in Kozhikode, Kerala, in 2010. The corporate office of the hospital is located in Chennai.

## History

Vasan Medical Centre, a chain of medical stores, was established in Trichy and Thanjavur in 1947 by AR Murugaiah, a former MP of Karur constituency. His son Dr. AM Arun, the founder of Vasan Healthcare Group, took over the business in 1991 after the death of his father. He established a diagnostic centre and laboratory and later founded two multi-speciality hospitals in Trichy. Arun, who died on 16 November 2020, started the group's first eye care hospital in Trichy in 2002.
Vasan Healthcare expanded rapidly in the early 2010s. As part of this growth, various businesses invested in Vasan. Among them are Sequoia India, Singapore government-backed GIC Investment, and WestBridge Capital, an Indian private and public equity fund. GIC Investment committed $100 million in mid-2012. In 2014, Sequoia India and WestBridge Capital together committed around $50 million over three rounds into Vasan.

## Controversies

In September 2015, a Chennai-based chartered accountant S Gurumurthy alleged that former Finance Minister of India P. Chidambaram had used firms to launder money using the Vasan Eye Care hospital chain, which he and his son owned through benami companies.

## Insolvency

In 2017, the insolvency process was started based on the order of the National Company Law Tribunal in Chennai in a petition filed by Alcon Laboratories (India) Pvt. Ltd., a supplier. The legal proceedings started after a legal stay from 2017 to October 2019.
# Matlockite

Matlockite is a rare lead halide mineral, named after the town of Matlock in Derbyshire, England, where it was first discovered in a nearby mine. Matlockite (chemical formula: PbFCl) gives its name to the matlockite group which consists of rare minerals of a similar structure.

## Description

The mineral, a lead fluorochloride (formula PbFCl), was discovered sometime around the early 1800s at Bage Mine at Bolehill near Matlock, together with specimens of phosgenite and anglesite. Although phosgenite was known at this time, it seems likely that matlockite itself remained unappreciated as a new mineral for some fifty years. It was given the name by Greg in 1851. The first mention of matlockite may have been in Mawe's Mineralogy of Derbyshire in 1802 in which he gives a detailed description of phosgenite, which is then followed by a mention of a mineral he refers to as "glass lead" – a description which does rather equate to the appearance of matlockite. It is a light, translucent creamy-yellow colour, but heavy in weight having a density that is over 7.1.
A very large specimen 10 cm across, and originating from Derbyshire, exists in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History. A 7 cm specimen can be found in the collection of Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
Matlockite has been reported from a variety of locations since its discovery at the type locality of Derbyshire. The mineral is also found in Tiger, Arizona, Laurium in Greece, a mine near Essen in Germany and near Campiglia in Tuscany. Samples have also been found at locations in South Africa, Peru, Chile, Australia, Austria, France and Italy.

## Matlockite group

The matlockite group consists of a number of minerals which share a similar crystal structure. The group includes bismuth, lead or calcium halides: bismoclite (BiO)Cl, daubréeite (BiO)(OH,Cl), laurionite PbCl(OH), paralaurionite PbCl(OH), rorisite CaFCl, zavaritskite (BiO)F and the eponymous matlockite.
# Ionel Gane

Ionel Tersinio Gane (born 12 October 1971) is a Romanian football coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the Romania national team.

## Playing career

Born in Drănic, Gane played professionally in Romania for Universitatea Craiova, Electroputere Craiova, Dinamo București, Rapid București, and Argeş Piteşti; in Spain for CA Osasuna; in Switzerland for FC St. Gallen and Grasshopper Zürich; in China for Tianjin Kangshifu; and in Germany for VfL Bochum.
He also represented Romania at international level.

### International stats

Romania :
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1992 | 2 | 0 |
| 1993 | 3 | 0 |
| 2001 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 6 | 0 |

## Coaching career

In July 2009, he started working as assistant coach for FC Brașov. He was also an interim coach for FC Universitatea Craiova, during which time the club played a match against FC Dinamo Bucharest.
In September 2013, he became head coach of newly promoted in Liga I Corona Brașov.
He became manager of Petrolul Ploiești in March 2016, and CSM Râmnicu Vâlcea in June 2016, leaving that position in December 2016.
In February 2017, he was appointed assistant coach of Dinamo București under Cosmin Contra. In September 2017 he took up a similar role with the Romania national team.
In August 2020, he returned to Dinamo, again as assistant coach under Contra. In December 2020 he became head coach after Contra's departure from the club. He resigned on 15 March 2021, after a series of seven games without a win in Liga I.

## Trivia

His name is Tersinio because his father was a fan of Brazil's 1970 World Cup-winning team and his favourite player from that team was Jairzinho, but he wrote the name by the way he used to pronounce it: Jersinio, that is why Ionel's nickname is Jerry. Later when Ionel was 14 years old and had to get an identity card, the people who made the card misspelled the name putting the letter "t" instead of "j", thus resulting Tersinio.

## Honours

Electroputere Craiova
* Divizia B: 1990–91
Universitatea Craiova
* Cupa României: 1992–93
* Divizia B: 2005–06
St. Gallen
* Nationalliga A: 1999–2000
# Ashburtonite

Ashburtonite is a rare lead copper silicate-bicarbonate mineral with formula: HPb$_4$Cu$^{2+}$$_4$Si$_4$O$_{12}$(HCO$_3$)$_4$(OH)$_4$Cl.

## Geological occurrence

Ashburtonite was first described as a secondary mineral in a shear zone in a series of shales and graywackes. It is an alteration product of galena and chalcopyrite. The secondary minerals within the shear consist of carbonates, arsenates, and sulfates of lead and copper, and to a much lesser extent of zinc and iron. Ashburtonite is associated with beudantite, brochantite, caledonite, cerussite, diaboleite, duftite, malachite, plattnerite, adamite, antlerite, bayldonite, bindheimite, carminite, chenevixite, chlorargyrite, chrysocolla, cinnabar, hemimorphite, hydrozincite, jarosite, lavendulan, linarite, mimetite, olivenite, paratacamite, and rosasite.
Ashburtonite was first described in 1991 for an occurrence in the Anticline prospects 11 km (6.8 mi) southwest of Ashburton Downs in the Capricorn Range of Western Australia. It has also been reported from the Tonopah–Belmont Mine in the Big Horn Mountains of Maricopa County, Arizona.
# Ivanec

Ivanec is a town in northern Croatia, located southwest of Varaždin, east of Lepoglava and north of the mountain Ivanščica.

## History

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Ivanec was a district capital in Varaždin County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

## Population

In the 2011 census, the population of the municipality was 13,765, in the following settlements:
* Bedenec, population 732
* Cerje Tužno, population 182
* Gačice, population 355
* Gečkovec, population 116
* Horvatsko, population 173
* Ivanec, population 5,234
* Ivanečka Željeznica, population 253
* Ivanečki Vrhovec, population 307
* Ivanečko Naselje, population 237
* Jerovec, population 827
* Kaniža, population 287
* Knapić, population 62
* Lančić, population 299
* Lovrečan, population 490
* Lukavec, population 141
* Margečan, population 384
* Osečka, population 220
* Pece, population 81
* Prigorec, population 531
* Punikve, population 445
* Radovan, population 372
* Ribić Breg, population 145
* Salinovec, population 512
* Seljanec, population 223
* Stažnjevec, population 340
* Škriljevec, population 247
* Vitešinec, population 96
* Vuglovec, population 333
* Željeznica, population 134
* v
# Bologo

    for the sub-prefecture of Chad, see Bologo, Chad.
Bologo is a town in the Siglé Department of Boulkiemdé Province in central western Burkina Faso. It has a population of 6,029.
# Aubrey Reeder

Aubrey Provost Reeder was an Australian Archdeacon of the 20th century.
Reeder was ordained in 1944 and served curacies in Bathurst, Trundle and Coolah. He was also a Diocesan Youth Officer for Bathurst from 1957 to 1963. He held incumbencies at Cudal, Coonamble and Mudgee. He was Archdeacon of Barker from 1983 to 1986.
Reeder died on 2 June 1987.
# Urusovite

Urusovite is a rare copper aluminium arsenate mineral with formula: CuAlAsO$_5$. It is a monoclinic-prismatic light green mineral.
Its type locality and only reported occurrence is in the Novaya fumarole, Second scoria cone, North Breach, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia. It was named after Vadim Sergeevich Urusov, crystal chemist of Moscow State University. It was approved by the International Mineralogical Association in 1998.
# Cui Cha

Cui Cha (崔詧) (died 689) was briefly a chancellor of the Chinese Tang dynasty, during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong.
Little is known about Cui Cha's career before his brief stint as chancellor, as, atypical for a chancellor, he did not have a biography in either the Old Book of Tang or the New Book of Tang. It is, however, known that his family was from Lantian (藍田, in modern Xi'an, Shaanxi). As of 684, he was serving as an assistant censor (監察御史, Jiancha Yushi), when, in the midst of a rebellion by Li Jingye the Duke of Ying against Emperor Ruizong's powerful mother and regent Empress Dowager Wu (later known as Wu Zetian), the chancellor Pei Yan suggested that Empress Dowager Wu could quell Li's rebellion easily by returning imperial authority to Emperor Ruizong. When Cui heard of Pei's suggestion, he submitted a note to Empress Dowager Wu stating, "Pei Yan received great responsibilities to look after the emperor after the deceased emperor [(Empress Dowager Wu's husband Emperor Gaozong)] entrusted him with those great responsibilities. If he were not planning to commit treason, why would he want the Empress Dowager to give up her imperial powers?" In response, Empress Dowager Wu had Pei accused with and investigated for treason, and Pei was executed. Later that year, she made Cui, who was at that point an editor of the imperial archives (著作郎, Zhuzuo Lang), Zhengjian Daifu (正諫大夫), a senior advisor at the examination bureau of government (鸞臺, Luantai) and made him a chancellor de facto, with the designation Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi (同鳳閣鸞臺平章事), along with Shen Junliang. In spring 685, both he and Shen were removed from those posts. As of 689, Cui was serving as deputy minister of defense (夏官侍郎, Xiaguan Shilang), when, for reasons lost to history, Empress Dowager Wu had him assassinated.
# Sturmanite

Sturmanite is a rare sulfate mineral with the chemical formula Ca$_6$Fe$^{3+}$$_2$(SO$_4$)$_{2.5}$(B(OH)$_4$)(OH)$_{12}$ · 25 H$_2$O. It crystallises in the tetragonal system and it has a Moh's hardness of 2.5. Sturmanite has a bright yellow to amber colour and falls in the ettringite group. It was named after Bozidar Darko Sturman (born 1937), Croatian-Canadian mineralogist and Curator Emeritus of Mineralogy, Royal Ontario Museum.

## Occurrence

Sturmanite was first identified in 1983 and approved by the IMA in the same year. It was first found in the Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. It is found as flattened dipyramidal crystals on hematite and baryte. Sturmanite has also been identified in mines near the Black Rock Mine, such as the Wessel's and Perth mines, in the N'Chwaning mines, and near Lakargi Mountain in Russia. It is found as a rare secondary mineral embedded in manganese deposits and is associated with baryte, manganite, hausmannite, and hematite.

## Crystal structure

The crystal structure of sturmanite shows two distinct features: one being columns of iron-octahedra and calcium polyhedra, the other being the SO$_4$$^−$ and B(OH)$_4$$^−$ tetrahedra surrounding these columns. These two structures are linked together through a dense and complex network of hydrogen bonds.
# Ivan Stepanovsky

Ivan Stepanovsky (born c. 1710) was a Ukrainian lutenist.

## Biography

Stepanovsky was born in c. 1710. In the 1740s, he studied lute with Sylvius Leopold Weiss in Dresden. He served as a lutenist by the courts of prince-elector Augustus II the Strong (Dresden), Polish King (Warsaw). Since 1746 was a court musician in Saint Petersburg, where he died.
# Birkdale High School, Southport

Birkdale High School is an all-boys secondary school with academy status situated in Southport in North West England. Located close to neighbouring schools Christ the King and Greenbank High School (the equivalent girls' school), Birkdale was originally a co-educational school known as Birkdale Secondary Modern School. The school does not have a sixth form and only takes boys from ages 11–16.

## Notable former pupils

* Jack Bainbridge, footballer for Southport
* Matthew Baldwin, professional golfer
* Jake Bidwell, footballer for Coventry City
* Delial Brewster, former professional footballer
* Mathew Hudson, footballer for Preston North End
* Kyle Joseph, footballer for Swansea City
* Mikey O'Neill, footballer for Preston North End
* Jack Rodwell, footballer for Western Sydney Wanderers

## Ofsted

Birkdale was judged by Ofsted in 2006 as Good.
In 2011 the school was judged Inadequate and placed into Special Measures.
In 2013 Ofsted carried out a full inspection and gave the school a Good rating.

## Notable Incidents

In 2010, a former teaching assistant was charged with having sex with 2 16-year-old students whom she invited into her house in Hightown, in Merseyside and had Intercourse with. She got a 16 Month prison sentence. Also a Former Headteacher was charged with historical sex offences in 2017.