OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guiyi

Guiyi (Chinese: 归义镇; pinyin: Guīyì Zhèn) (Kweiyi) is a town and the seat of Miluo City in Hunan, China. The town was reformed through the amalgamation of Chengjiao Township (Chinese: 城郊乡) and Chengguan Town (Chinese: 城关镇) on December 3, 2015. It is located in the central Miluo City, it is bordered by Quzici Town (Chinese: 屈子祠镇) and Luojiang Town (Chinese: 罗江镇) to the north and northeast, Xinshi Town (Chinese: 新市镇) to the southeast, Gupei Town (Chinese: 古培镇) to the southwest, Miluo Town (Chinese: 汨罗镇) and Heshi Town (Chinese: 河市镇) to the northwest. The town has an area of 35 km$^2$ (14 sq mi) with a population of 89,000 (as of 2015). Through the amalgamation of village-level divisions in 2016, the town has 2 villages and 16 communities. Its seat is Mixin Community (Chinese: 汨新社区).

## Administrative divisions

Administrative divisions of Guiyi Town (2016–present) :
| villages or communities and its basic conditions | villages or communities and its basic conditions | villages or communities and its basic conditions | villages or communities and its basic conditions | villages or communities and its basic conditions | former township-level | former township-level | notes |
| English | Chinese | residential groups | families | population | English | Chinese | notes |
| Guiyi Town | 归义镇 | 306 | 39,336 | 126,558 | | | |
| Chezhan Community | 车站社区 | 23 | 2,980 | 9,676 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
| Dalupu Community | 大路铺社区 | 14 | 1,352 | 4,389 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
| Gaoquan Community | 高泉社区 | 12 | 2,015 | 7,840 | CHengguan Town | 城关镇 | |
| Gaotang Community | 高塘社区 | 7 | 4,160 | 13,322 | CHengguan Town | 城关镇 | |
| Guangchang Community | 广场社区 | 12 | 2,412 | 8,344 | CHengguan Town | 城关镇 | |
| Guiyi Community | 归义社区 | 8 | 1,618 | 5,632 | CHengguan Town | 城关镇 | |
| Laojie Community | 老街社区 | 10 | 2,512 | 8,498 | CHengguan Town | 城关镇 | |
| Longzhou Community | 龙舟社区 | 13 | 2,824 | 6,158 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
| Luocheng Community | 罗城社区 | 24 | 3,266 | 9,967 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
| Mixin Community | 汨新社区 | 12 | 2,285 | 8,920 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
| Nanjiang Community | 南江社区 | 10 | 2,415 | 6,835 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
| Rongjiaping Community | 荣家坪社区 | 43 | 3,604 | 8,558 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | reformed by merging Shungtuo Village and the former Rongjiaping Community in 2016. 2016年由原荣家坪社区、双托村合并设 |
| Shantang Community | 山塘社区 | 16 | 2,069 | 6,627 | CHengguan Town | 城关镇 | |
| Shuangtang Community | 双塘社区 | 20 | 606 | 2,285 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
| Yaozhou Community | 窑洲社区 | 19 | 546 | 2,523 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
| Youyihe Community | 友谊河社区 | 10 | 2,900 | 9,206 | CHengguan Town | 城关镇 | |
| Baizhang Village | 百丈村 | 26 | 916 | 3,980 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | reformed by merging Baizhang and Chengbei villages in 2016. 2016年由原百丈村、城北村合并设 |
| Shangma Village | 上马村 | 27 | 856 | 3,798 | Chengjiao Township | 城郊乡 | |
# Carbothermic reaction

Carbothermic reactions involve the reduction of substances, often metal oxides (O$^{2-}$), using carbon (C) as the reducing agent. The reduction is usually conducted in the electric arc furnace or reverberatory furnace, depending on the metal ore. These chemical reactions are usually conducted at temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius. Such processes are applied for production of the elemental forms of many elements. The ability of metals to participate in carbothermic reactions can be predicted from Ellingham diagrams.
Carbothermal reactions produce carbon monoxide (CO) and sometimes carbon dioxide (CO$_2$). The facility of these conversions is attributable to the entropy of reaction: two solids, the metal oxide (and flux) and carbon, are converted to a new solid (metal) and a gas (CO$_x$), the latter having high entropy.

## Applications

A prominent example is that of iron ore smelting. Many reactions are involved, but the simplified equation is usually shown as:
    2 Fe $_2$O $_3$ + 3 C → 4 Fe + 3 CO$_2$
On a more modest scale, about 1 million tons of elemental phosphorus is produced annually by carbothermic reactions. Calcium phosphate (phosphate rock) is heated to 1,200–1,500 °C with sand, which is mostly SiO $_2$, and coke (impure carbon) to produce P $_4$. The chemical equation for this process when starting with fluoroapatite, a common phosphate mineral, is:
    4 Ca $_5$(PO $_4$) $_3$F + 18 SiO $_2$ + 30 C → 3 P $_4$ + 30 CO + 18 CaSiO $_3$ + 2 CaF $_2$
Of historic interest is the Leblanc process. A key step in this process is the reduction of sodium sulfate with coal:
    Na$_2$SO$_4$ + 2 C → Na$_2$S + 2 CO$_2$
The Na$_2$S is then treated with calcium carbonate to give sodium carbonate, a commodity chemical.
Recently, development of the 'MagSonic' carbothermic magnesium process has restarted interest in its chemistry:
    MgO + C ↔ Mg + CO
The reaction is readily reversible from its product vapors, and requires rapid cooling to prevent back-reaction.

### Silicon

Metallurgical grade silicon may also be obtained by carbothermic reaction. The overall reaction is following:
    SiO $_2$ + C ↔ Si + CO $_2$
The actual reaction given is more complex than it seems and includes several steps.

### Variations

Sometimes carbothermic reactions are coupled to other conversions. One example is the chloride process for separating titanium from ilmenite, the main ore of titanium. In this process, a mixture of carbon and the crushed ore is heated at 1000 °C under flowing chlorine gas, giving titanium tetrachloride:
    2 FeTiO $_3$ + 7 Cl $_2$ + 6 C → 2 TiCl $_4$ + 2 FeCl $_3$ + 6 CO
For some metals, carbothermic reactions do not afford the metal, but instead give the metal carbide. This behavior is observed for titanium, hence the use of the chloride process. Carbides also form upon high temperature treatment of Cr $_2$O $_3$ with carbon. For this reason, aluminium is employed as the reducing agent.
# Misha Radovic

Misha Radovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Миодраг Радовић – Миша; born in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia at September 12, 1961) is a Serbian former football player and manager. He played with FK Vardar in the 1981–82 Yugoslav First League before coming to Australia in 1989. He is a founder of Soccer Sydney Academy in Australia. Misha has a UEFA Pro Licence and is therefore able to coach at the highest levels of World soccer. Together with ex AC Milan midfielder Andrea Icardi, Misha was head coach of AC Milan Academy in 2009. In October 2010, he was appointed manager of the Indonesia Super League team Pelita Jaya, owned by Indonesian billionaire Nirwan Bakrie. In April 2012, he was appointed as manager of another major team in Indonesia, Persisam Putra Samarinda. In this role, Misha saved the club from relegation. In October 2021, Misha came to Persis Solo, owned by Mr. Kaesang Pangarep, Mr. Erick Thohir, and Mr. Kevin Nugroho. As a Technical Director, he successfully helped Persis Solo to become Champions of League2 and to promote club to Liga1 2022, after 14 long years.

## Coaching Licence
### Coaching Accreditations

* UEFA Pro Licence
* UEFA "A" Licence
* Football Association of Serbia "A" Licence
* Football Federation Australia "A" Licence
* Football Federation Australia Pro Licence

### Licence Upgrade

* 2002 – Youth Coaching Licence N.S.W
* 2003 – Intermediate Licence N.S.W
* 2003 – Senior Coaching Licence N.S.W
* 2008 – UEFA "B" Accreditation Serbia
* 2009 – UEFA "A" Accreditation Serbia
* 2010 – Coach upgrade Nagoya Grampus, Japan under tuition of Pixie Stojkovic & Bosko Djurovski
* 2013 – UEFA Pro Licence

## Honours
### Player Achievement

* Champion of Europe 1979 with Yugoslavia U19
* Youth Champion of Yugoslavia 1979/1980

### Coaching Achievement

Queens Park Soccer Club, Australia
* Grand final Champions: 1
Persis Solo
* Champion of Liga 2 2021
* Surabaya Cup Winners 2022
# Marree Mosque

The Marree Mosque is a former mosque located in Marree, South Australia, Australia.

## History

The mosque was completed in c. 1882 (some sources indicate as early as 1861), by members of the South Australian Afghan community. These "Afghans" were generally Muslims from then-British India, although some came from Afghanistan and the Middle East. They worked as cameldrivers and breeders in the region. Figures indicate an approximation that 3,000 "Ghans" were involved in this type of work until it was overtaken by the car and train in the 1930s.
The mosque was constructed by camel breeder Abdul Kadir, owner of Wangamanna Station. Another cameleer, Mullah Assim Khan, became imam of the Marree mosque in the early 20th century. The town had two mosques for some time, before the northern one was abandoned around 1910. Another report indicates that a mosque was deliberately demolished in 1956 by its elderly caretaker, Syed Goolamdeen, who could no longer maintain it.
As of 2003, it was reported in one source that the descendants of the Afghans in Marree have rebuilt the mosque. However, a heritage survey funded by the Australian and South Australian governments and which was conducted from April 2001 to June 2002 reveals that the mosque no longer exists apart from an area of prepared ground and post stubs, and the nearby remains of an enclosure for camels. The report of the heritage survey which was published in 2002 reports that a "replica mosque" had been built within the Marree township.$^{:263,267&534}$ A tourist map published in 2018 shows a mosque within a park called the "Afghan Camellier Park" (sic) located within the alignment of the former Central Australia Railway which passed through the town.
# Zarrendorf station

Zarrendorf (German: Bahnhof Zarrendorf) is a railway station in the village of Zarrendorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The station lies on the Stralsund-Neubrandenburg railway and the train services are operated by DB Regio Nordost.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
| Line | Route | Frequency |
| RE 5 | Stralsund – Neubrandenburg – Neustrelitz – Oranienburg – Berlin – Berlin Südkreuz | Every 2 hours |
| RE 51 | Stralsund – Neubrandenburg – Neustrelitz | Every 2 hours |
# Hobo's Lullaby (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Billboard | (favorable) |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B+ |
| New York Times | (favorable) |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Hobo's Lullaby is an album by the American folk singer Arlo Guthrie. It was released in 1972 on Reprise Records. It was re-released on Rising Son Records in 1997. The album contains Guthrie's only Top 40 hit, a cover of Steve Goodman's "City of New Orleans".

## Personnel

* Arlo Guthrie – vocals, guitar
* Hoyt Axton – vocals
* Max Bennett – bass guitar
* Byron Berline – mandolin, fiddle
* Roger Bush – bass guitar
* Cozy Cole – drums
* Ry Cooder – guitar
* John Craviotto – drums
* Nick DeCaro – vocals, accordion on "City of New Orleans"
* Jim Dickinson – keyboards
* Doug Dillard – banjo
* Chris Ethridge – bass guitar
* Wilton Felder – tenor saxophone
* Venetta Fields – vocals
* Anne Goodman – cello
* Gib Guilbeau – fiddle
* Richie Hayward – drums
* Jim Keltner – drums
* Clydie King – vocals
* Bill Lee – bass guitar
* Thad Maxwell – guitar
* Gene Merlino – vocals
* Arnie Moore – bass
* Gimmer Nicholson – guitar
* Spooner Oldham – keyboards
* Thurl Ravenscroft – vocals
* Fritz Richmond – bass guitar
* Linda Ronstadt – vocals
* Jessica Smith – vocals
* Clarence White – guitar

### Production

* Lenny Waronker, John Pilla - producer
* Donn Landee - engineer
* John Pilla - photography
# Vinayak Mane

Vinayak Ramesh Mane (born 10 June 1982 in Bombay, Maharashtra) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Mumbai. A right-handed opening batsman, he has previously represented India 'A'.

## Career
### India A

Mane came from the school of Ramakant Achrekar who is regarded as being the guru of Sachin Tendulkar. He was a successful junior cricketer having played for India at Under-19 level. In a match against the English Colts in Chepauk he scored a double century after his side had followed on.

### Mumbai

He represented Mumbai for 7 seasons as an Opening Batsman. He played 57 Firstclass, 33 List A and 7 T20 games in his Firstclass Career. He Captained Jammu and Kashmir in his last year of Firstclass Cricket where he played 3 Ranji Trophy games and 5 T20 games. He was part of 3 Ranji Championships and 2 Oneday Championships for Mumbai during his career. He also represented for Board President Xl, Rest of India, West Zone in Duleep and Deodhar Trophy, India Under-19. His career came to an abrupt end due to a forearm injury which he suffered in 2002 during a fielding session at Shivaji Park in Mumbai. The forearm fracture required an immediate surgery in which 2 metal plates and 14 screws were used to treat the fracture. He played 2 years with the metal plates and screws in his hand but during the season 2004-05 the metal damaged one of the tissue in his forearm due to which there was pain and lack of strength in his forearm. Further 2 surgeries were performed but his forearm never recovered and his career went in to a downhill and subsequently came to an early end. He took up Coaching 7 years back to follow his dream and passion in the game and be associated with it always. He has Coached Mumbai Under-23 and Under-16 Teams. He is currently the Head Coach of Parsee Gymkhana Cricket Club which is a top division Team in Mumbai's club Cricket.

### Sefton Park Cricket Club

Mane joined Sefton Park Cricket Club in the Liverpool and District Cricket Competition in 2003, scoring 711 league runs at 47.4 and returned in 2004 to score 782 league runs at 46.0. Mane was due to play for Sefton again in 2005 but could not travel due to a hip operation.
# Eochaid mac Domnaill

Eochaid mac Domnaill (died 572), also Eochaid Find ("the fair"), was an Irish king who is included in some lists as a High King of Ireland. He was the son of Domnall Ilchelgach (died 566) and grandson of Muirchertach mac Muiredaig (died 534), also considered high kings. He was a member of the Cenél nEógain branch of the northern Uí Néill. He ruled in Ailech from 565 to 571.
The high kingship of Ireland rotated between the Cenél nEógain and Cenél Conaill branches in the late 6th century. Eochaid ruled jointly with his uncle Báetán mac Muirchertaig (died 572) from 569. The middle Irish king lists have misplaced their reign putting it earlier than the annalistic tradition but other king lists have them in the correct order. They are also omitted from the earliest list of Kings of Tara, the Baile Chuind (The Ecstasy of Conn), a late 7th-century Irish poem. It is possible that the Ulaid king, Báetán mac Cairill (died 581), was the actual high king at this time.
In 572 the two kings were defeated and slain by Crónán mac Tigernaig, king of the Cianachta Glenn Geimin in modern County Londonderry.
# Carl Mannich

Carl Ulrich Franz Mannich (8 March 1877 in Breslau – 5 March 1947 in Karlsruhe) was a German chemist. From 1927 to 1943 he was professor for pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of Berlin. His areas of expertise were keto bases, alcohol bases, derivatives of piperidine, papaverine, lactones and also Digitalis-glycosides.
The Mannich reaction was named after his discovery of the mechanism in 1912.

## Biography
### Life

Mannich attended high school in Weimar and later on in Berlin where he left before graduating, taking an internship at a pharmacy instead. From 1898, he studied in Marburg and Berlin and received his doctorate in 1903 in Basel. In 1905, he completed the matriculation examination for the University of Berlin and passed the state examination for food chemistry. He completed his studies at the University of Berlin in 1910 after which he was appointed as an extraordinary professor. Mannich became an extraordinary professor for Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Göttingen from 1911 to 1917, and went to Frankfurt in 1920. Between 1927 and 1943 Mannich was Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the University of Berlin. In the years between 1932 and 1934 he was President of the “Deutsche Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft (DPhG)”. In the winter semester 1946/1947, he took over the Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at TH Karlsruhe.

### Scientific life

Mannich is well known for his discovery of a special form of amino alkylation which was named after him: the Mannich reaction. In 1912 Mannich was able to describe the first synthetical morphine glucoside. He also completed a series of works in 1917 about the opium alkaloids and gave a method for the production of pure opium extracts. Mannich also developed a method for the determination of morphine content in opium, which allowed for effective dosing without having to use complex physiological individual tests. With his synthesis, he contributed to the determination of the structure of morphine. Mannich advanced the field of applied pharmacy with his development of various testing and detection methods. These include polarimetry of starch in order to detect boric acid in food or the amount of ethanol in alcoholic beverages.

## Scientific works

* Über die Bildung von Benzolderivaten aus Dimethylamino-butanon und Malon-ester bzw. Acetessigester. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (1938, A and B Series), vol. 71 (10), p. 2090-2092.
* Eine Synthese des Arecaidinaldehyds und des Arecolins Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (1942, A and B Series), vol. 75 (12) p. 1480-1483.
* Über g-Strophanthin (Ouabain) und g-Strophanthidin Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (1942, A and B Series), vol. 75 (12), p. 737-750.
* Synthese und Umsetzungen von 1.3-Ketobasen mit sekundärem Stickstoff Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (1942, A and B Series), vol. 75 (1), p. 49-64.
# Lithophane semibrunnea

Lithophane semibrunnea, the tawny pinion, is a moth of the Noctuoidea family. It is found in scattered populations in North Africa, central and southern Europe and Asia Minor.

## Technical description and variation

The wingspan is 40–44 mm. Forewing dull wood brown, the inner-marginal half suffused with black brown, blackest on inner margin and in outer half of submedian interspace; veins marked with black scales; lines indistinct; the outer marked by pairs of black dots on veins and a white crescent on submedian fold; the submarginal line by a slighter one; hindwing greyish brown, paler in male, with the terminal area darker. Characteristic of newly emerged moths is a black-brown, often blue shimmering dorsal line, as well as black-brown lines on the shoulders. The dorsal crests on the abdomen are also black-blue; The anterior edge of the forewing is straight compared to other species of the genus, e.g. Lithophane socia.

## Biology

The moth flies in late autumn.
Larva green; dorsal and subdorsal lines white; spiracular line broad, yellowish white, much varied with white dots and streaks below; head greenish; feeding on ash and other trees. The larvae mainly feed on Fraxinus excelsior.
# Mariinskyi Palace

The Mariinskyi Palace (Ukrainian: Маріїнський палац, romanized: Mariinskyi palats) is the official residence of the president of Ukraine. The Elizabethan baroque palace is sited on the right bank of the Dnipro River in Kyiv, Ukraine, adjoining the neo-classical building of the Verkhovna Rada, the parliament of Ukraine.

## History

The palace was constructed by command of the Russian empress Elizaveta Petrovna in 1744; her architect was Bartolomeo Rastrelli, the most eminent architect working in the Russian Empire at that time. One of the students of Rastrelli, Ivan Michurin, together with a group of other architects, completed the palace in 1752. Empress Elizabeth, however, did not live to see the palace completed; the first senior-ranking member of the imperial family to stay in the palace was Empress Elizabeth's niece-in-law, Empress Catherine II, who visited Kyiv in 1787. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the palace was the main residence of the governors-general.
In the early 19th century, the palace burned down in a series of fires, and was in total disrepair and abandoned for almost half a century. In 1870, Emperor Alexander II had the palace reconstructed by the architect Konstantin Mayevsky, using old drawings and watercolours as a guide. It was then renamed after the reigning Empress Maria Alexandrovna. By her wish, a large park was established off the southern side of the palace. The palace was used as a residence for visiting members of the Imperial Family until 1917.
During the years of the Russian Civil War in 1917–1920, the palace was used as the Kyiv revkom headquarters, particularly during the Kyiv Bolshevik Uprising. In the 1920s, the building belonged to an agricultural school, soon after which it became a museum. The Mariinskyi was badly damaged during the Second World War, and was restored at the end of the 1940s. Another major restoration was completed in the early 1980s.

### Modern residence

In June 2007, the reconstruction of the palace began, which was expected to be completed by 2011, but as of 2017, was still ongoing. On April 5, 2022, President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that the White Hall of the Mariinsky Palace, where the state leadership receives heads of foreign states, will be called the White Hall of Heroes of Ukraine, and those who have been awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine will be awarded here.

## In popular culture

The music video for the song "Naatu Naatu" from the 2022 Indian Telugu language film RRR was filmed at Mariinskyi Palace in August 2021. The song won the 2022 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the 95th Academy Award for Best Original Song.

## Gallery

* View of the rear of the palace from its gardens
* Inside. President Kuchma talks with United States President Clinton. June 5, 2000.
* The official visit of Hereditary Prince Alois of Liechtenstein to Kyiv in June 2018
* The palace is surrounded by intricate iron railings.
* The Mariinskyi Palace in 1911
* The Mariinskyi Palace in 1888
* US President Joe Biden with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, February 20, 2023
# Eva Pirrung

Eva Pirrung (born 6 March 1961) is a German footballer. She played in one match for the Germany women's national football team in 1986.
# Jeri Parish

Jeri Parish (Latvian: Jeru pagasts) is an administrative unit of Valmiera Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia.

## Towns, villages and settlements of Jeri parish

* Endzele (parish center)
* Jeri
* Oleri
* Oleru muiža
* This Vidzeme location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* ↑ "Reģionu, novadu, pilsētu un pagastu kopējā un sauszemes platība gada sākumā". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
* ↑ "Reģionu, novadu, pilsētu un pagastu kopējā un sauszemes platība gada sākumā". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
* ↑ "Iedzīvotāju skaits pēc tautības reģionos, pilsētās, novados, pagastos, apkaimēs un blīvi apdzīvotās teritorijās gada sākumā (pēc administratīvi teritoriālās reformas 2021. gadā)". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
# Bilichild (wife of Theudebert II)

Bilichild (died 610) was a queen of Austrasia by marriage to Theudebert II.
She was bought from the slave market by Brunhilda of Austrasia. In 1979, Alfred Friese hypothesised that she was related to Duke Gisulf I of Friuli, whose two daughters were captured and enslaved, only for one to be married to a Bavarian prince and the other to an Alaman prince. This hypothesis was then disproven by Christian Settipani.
In 608, Bilichildis married King Theudebert II of Austrasia and gave birth to a daughter, betrothed to Adaloald, son of Agilulf, king of the Lombards. She may also have been the mother of Merovech (d. 612), but Karl August Eckhardt doubts this, esteeming that it is more likely that he was the son of Theodechilde.
Even if she was of "low origin" (which could otherwise be a concern for a queen), she was loved by her subjects.
She was reportedly murdered by her spouse when he wished to marry Theodechilde (d. 613).