OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jeremiah Powell

Jeremiah Powell was a Massachusetts politician who served as a member, and the second President of, the Massachusetts Senate.

## Massachusetts Senate

Powell was elected the President of the Massachusetts Senate on November 4, 1780 to fill the position after Thomas Cushing resigned to become the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts.
# James Gardner

James or Jim Gardner may refer to:
* James Gardner (surveyor), British engineer
* James Gardner (designer) (1907–1995), British industrial designer
* James Gardner (musician) (born 1962), British musician and composer
* James A. Gardner (1943–1966), Vietnam War Medal of Honor recipient
* James Alan Gardner (born 1955), Canadian science fiction author
* James Alexander Gardner (born 1970), British innovation author and technologist
* James Cardwell Gardner (1864–1935), English doctor and amateur rower
* James Clark Molesworth Gardner (1894–1970), British entomologist
* Jim Gardner (politician) (born 1933), lieutenant governor of North Carolina
* James Daniel Gardner (1839–1905), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
* James Knoll Gardner (1940–2017), U.S. federal judge
* James N. Gardner (1946–2021), complexity theorist and science essayist
* James Patrick Gardner (1883–1937), Member of Parliament for Hammersmith North
* Jim Gardner (baseball) (1874–1905), baseball pitcher
* Jim Gardner (broadcaster) (born 1948), stage name of James Goldman, American retired news anchor for WPVI-TV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* Jim Gardner (Commander in Chief character), fictional White House Chief of Staff on the television series Commander in Chief
* Jim Gardner (trade unionist) (1893–1976), Scottish trade unionist
* James Terry Gardiner (1842–1912), American surveyor and engineer, used the Gardner spelling for part of his life
# John Ruch

John Ruch was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.
Ruch was born Massillon, Ohio. On October 24, 1858, he married Emma Buchanan. Ruch was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1880.
# A. H. Greenhalgh

A. H. Greenhalgh was an American politician affiliated with the Democratic Party. On November 8, 1870, he was elected representative of Nye County in the Nevada Assembly with John Bowman. Greenhalgh's term started the following day and he served in one regular session. Records from the session stated that he resided in Twin River. Greenhalgh's mandate ended after the next elections, that were held in November 1872. At those elections, John Bowman and H. G. Prague were elected the Nye County representatives in the Assembly.
In May 1889, Greenhalgh was appointed one of the eight trustees of agricultural district no. 6, that contained Nye County and Lander County, by Governor Charles C. Stevenson. One year later, at the 1890 Nye County Democratic Convention, it was decided that Greenhalgh and Thomas J. Bell would be the Democratic candidates for the two Nye County representatives in the Nevada Assembly. At the elections that year, Greenhalgh was defeated and Thomas J. Bell and Republican A. A. Wager were elected assemblymen.
# George Howe (politician)

George Howe was an American politician who served in the Michigan House of Representatives immediately after adoption of the state's first constitution.

## Career

George Howe settled in what is now Bridgewater Township in Washtenaw County, Michigan in 1832. A portion of Dexter Township, Michigan, had been set aside as a new township named Hixon Township, and Howe was elected its first supervisor in April 1833. That year, Hixon was divided again, and Howe chose the name Bridgewater for the new township, after a town in Oneida County, New York, and he was again elected supervisor. He was elected as a representative from Lenawee County in the first election following adoption of Michigan's constitution, and served in 1835 and 1836.
In 1837 or 1838, Howe purchased a quarter-section of land in the village of Jefferson in Alaiedon Township, Michigan, and built a sawmill. He later sold the property and mill to Captain J. P. Cowles. Howe pushed for Jefferson to become the county seat of Ingham County, but the town of Mason won the honor.
In 1838, Howe was the president of a wildcat bank in Manchester, Michigan, which went bust and cost its depositors their money.
# George English (politician)

For people with similar names see George English (disambiguation)
George English was a state legislator in Alabama. He was elected in 1878 to represent Wilcox County, Alabama after the Reconstruction era unraveled and Democrats reasserted control, disenfranchising African Americans. English was one of the last African Americans to serve in the Alabama House of Representatives. The Farmer's Magazine and Kentucky Live-stock Monthly disparaged him and the other last remaining African American member in the House in a description printed in 1877.
English had accused fellow representative Hugh A. Carson of stealing money from him, but the issue was settled by their attorneys before legal action was taken.
# Theodore Hartridge Willard

Theodore Hartridge Willard was a sheriff, mayor, state legislator, and merchant in Florida. He lived in High Springs, Florida. He served as a Captain with a volunteer company of Confederates in Florida during the American Civil War. He was involved in a contested election in 1881 for a Florida Senate seat. He prevailed and served in the Florida Senate representing Madison County, Florida.
He testified that "colored" women and daughters threatened to hurt their husbands and fathers if they did not vote for Republicans.
The Florida Archives have photos of him with an African American child he "raised". and an 1898 wedding photo with Roberta Brown in High Springs, Florida. The archives also include a photograph of his 3 year-old son Theodore Hartridge Willard Jr. dressed up for a Confederate soldier reunion event.
# Louis Jean Bush

Louis Jean Bush was a lawyer, state legislator, and businessman in Louisiana. He opposed secession, served as an officer in the Confederate Army, was a critic of Reconstruction policies, had a sugar and molasses business, and was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives as the Reconstruction era ended.
He served as Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives.
He was involved in establishing Thibodaux College.
# Albizia glaberrima

Albizia glaberrima is a deciduous tree found in Tropical Africa, it belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is traded under the name 'white nongo' and it is well distributed in West, Central, East and parts of Southern Africa.

## Description

A medium-sized tree that can reach up to 20–30 m in height, it has a flattened crown with foliage spreading like an umbrella. The trunk is straight and cylindrical but sometimes irregular while the bark is greyish in color and lenticellate. Leaves bipinnately compound with 1 to 4 pairs of pinnae, each pinnae having 3 to 6 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets are oblique to ovate in outline, up to 5–7 cm long and 3 cm wide; petiolules are up to 1–2 mm long, both the petiolules and rachis are thin and devoid of hair. Flowers are in axillary heads on a peduncle that is up to 4 cm long while the stamens are whitish in color. Fruit is an oblong pod up to 26 cm long and 4 cm wide, yellow-brown in color.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in Tropical Africa from Guinea Bissua in West Africa eastwards to Suadan and Southwards to Mozambique, it is also found in Comoros and Madagascar. It is found in semi-deciduous and lowland rain forests, sub montane forests and riparian forests zones.

## Uses

In parts of Northern Ghana, extracts are used as a cough suppressant while in Nigeria, stem bark extracts are soaked in water as preparation for a decoction to treat inflammation, pain management and fever. In Tanzania root extracts are prepared to treat schistosomiasis.
The wood is used in making tool handles, beehives, mortars and in carpentry work for making beds and doors.
# Oliver H. Oates

Oliver H. Oates was a lawyer, judge, and state legislator in Arkansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1858-1859. From November 1860-November 1862 during the American Civil War, he served as Secretary of State of Arkansas.
He was born in South Carolina. In March 1839 he became a First Circuit Court judge. He was succeeded in 1860 by Earl C. Bronough. He represented Monroe County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House of Representatives.
He commanded a company during the American Civil War.
His officeholding was the subject of an Arkansas Supreme Court case.
# Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil is a mimosa-like timber tree native to Caatinga and Cerrado vegetation in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Peru. It has also been introduced to Mauritius. It grows up to 25 m (82 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of 60–90 cm (24–35 in). The tree's mimosa-like leaves range in length from about 7–20 cm (2.8–7.9 in). The flowers are cream-colored and arrive in the spring. The seed pods are fairly straight and contain about 8 to 15 seeds each. The seeds are flat, average each about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) in diameter and have an average mass of about 0.125 g (0.0044 oz) each. The tree's wood has a density of about 840 kg/m$^3$ (1,420 lb/cu yd).

## Uses
### Gum

Gum from the tree can be used in the same way as gum arabic.

### Honey

This tree is used as a honey plant.

### Medicine

The tree is a medicinal plant. The bark is the most-used part of the tree for this. Small amounts of roasted, powdered seeds are snuffed for headaches and colds.

### Ornamental tree

The tree is an ornamental plant, and it is especially useful as an urban tree.

### Tannin

The tree's bark contains about 15.38% tannin. The seed pods contain 3% tannin and the heartwood contains 1.8%.

### Wood

The wood is very hard and it dulls cutting tools. The heartwood is quite durable. The tree's wood is used for outdoor construction, marine applications, railroad ties and implement handles.

## Alkaloids

Bufotenin and dimethyltryptamine have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, 5-MeO-DMT from the bark of the stems.

## Conservation

A. colubrina var. cebil is very much sought for its wood and bark (for medicinal purposes) and so it is being destructively cut down by industry. Since the tree is beautiful and useful, calls are being made to plant trees near communities that use them, so that sustainable harvesting of the tree can be accomplished.

## Propagation

The seeds can be placed between a folded damp paper towel in a sealable plastic sandwich bag for a few days until the seeds sprout. They can then be planted 1 cm (0.39 in) deep in well-drained containers. Once watered, it is important to let the growing medium dry out well, before watering again.
# Venta (catamaran)

Venta was a catamaran designed in Latvia in 1973. At the time it was considered "comfortable, secure, moderately priced and faster than the best single hull yachts", became popular and won all the local races.
# Ron Auer

Ronald C. Auer (born January 24, 1950) is an American politician. Auer represented District 68 from 1977 to 1992 and (after redistricting) District 59 (a portion of St. Louis City) in the Missouri House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001. He is a Democrat. Since 1992, he has been the party committeeman for Ward 9 in St. Louis City.
Auer was elected to the Missouri House by special election in 1977. He served as chairman of the House Insurance Committee and as a member of the following committees: Appropriations—General Administration & Transportation; Labor; Retirement; and Transportation.
Formerly an insurance salesman, real estate salesman and teacher, Rep. Auer is today lobbyist for numerous health care firms operating in Missouri.
After leaving the legislature in 2001 and until 2005, Auer represented Group Health Plan (GHP), Coventry Health Care, and Healthcare USA, in Jefferson City. Since early 2006, he has been registered representative for Cigna and Aetna insurance companies. His home-based lobbying firm is called Auer & Associates.
For several years after leaving the legislature, Rep. Auer served as chairman and treasurer of Democratic Legislative District Committee 59, a political party committee which funneled monies to campaigns of Democratic elected officials such as Missouri governor Bob Holden.
Rep. Auer has been a member of the following organizations: St. Pius V Catholic Church; the neighborhood associations of Tower Grove East, Benton Park West and Marine Villa; 3rd District Police Community Relations Association; and 9th Ward Democratic Organization.
He attended St. Louis Community College at Forest Park and received a bachelor of science degree in education from Southeast Missouri State University.
Auer currently resides with his wife Ann (a lobbyist for the City of St. Louis from 1999 to 2001; and since 2001 for the Missouri Growth Association) in the Tower Grove East neighborhood of St. Louis. They have four children: Tracy (40), Neal (38) - both from Ann's previous marriage - Amanda (25) and Lindsey (21).

## Sources

Official Biography - Year 2000 Legislative Session
| Preceded byn/a | Missouri House of Representatives - District 68 1977–1992 | Succeeded byJames O'Toole |
| Preceded byWilliam Lacy Clay, Jr. | Missouri House of Representatives - District 59 1993–2001 | Succeeded byRuss Carnahan |
| Preceded byn/a | City of St. Louis Democratic Central Committee - Ward 9 Committeeman 1992– | Succeeded byIncumbent |
# Salaspils FC

FK Salaspils is a Latvian football club. They compete in the second-highest division of Latvian football (2. līga) and the Latvian Football Cup. They are based in the town of Salaspils.
# Aurora Publishing (Hungary)

Aurora Publishing was a German-Hungarian publishing company, established in 1963 in Munich by József Molnár. It published 2 to 3 volumes annually, which, until 1983, were printed in-house. They published some 60 volumes until 1990, and the volumes are grouped into sets, "Aurora Kiskönyvtár" and "Aurora Kiskönyvek". Molnár also published a series on church history entitled Dissertationes Hungaricae ex historia Ecclesiae. In some volumes, Aurora Publishing is sometimes simply listed as Aurora or even as Molnár Ny (=Molnár Nyomda) or Molnár. The reason for the existence of Aurora disappeared with the fall of communism. Molnár endeavoured to publish the works of contemporary émigré Hungarian authors, including:
* Gyula Borbándi
* György Ferdinándy
* Gyula Gombos
* Győző Határ
* Elemér Illyés
* István Jákli
* Oszkár Jászi
* Vilmos Juhász
* Alajos Kannás
* Varga Sándor Kibédi
* Menyhért Kiss
* Valéria Korek
* Géza Lakatos
* Lajos Major-Zala
* Csaba Mánfai
* Póli Marczali
* Margit Mikes
* Ágnes Mirtse
* Dezső Monoszlóy
* Jenő Muzsnay
* Kázmér Nagy
* Béla Padányi-Gulyás
* Rezső Peéry
* Gábor Salacz
* Mátyás Sárközi
* Vilmos Schidt
* László Cs. Szabó
* József Szamosi
* Ferenc Tolvaly
* Györgyi Vándor
# Earl Renneke

Earl W. Renneke (March 10, 1928 – March 3, 2021) was a former Minnesota politician and a former member of the Minnesota Senate from southern Minnesota.

## Life and career

He was first elected in a March 25, 1969, special election to fill the vacancy that arose due to the unexpected death of Senator Harold Popp in a traffic accident on February 21, 1969. He was re-elected in 1970, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1982, 1986 and 1990. He represented the old districts 15 and 23 and, later, District 35, which included all or portions of Blue Earth, Carver, LeSueur, McLeod, Nicollet, Scott and Sibley counties, changing somewhat through redistricting in 1970 and 1980.
From the town of Le Sueur, Renneke, a farmer, earned a reputation as a strong advocate for agriculture and preservation of natural resources. His special legislative concerns included these issues, as well as corrections and education. He was a member of the Senate Agriculture & Natural Resources, Commerce, Corrections & Commitments, Elections & Reapportionment, Finance, Governmental Operations, Health & Welfare, Labor Relations, Local & Urban Government, Public Employees & Pensions, Rules & Administration, and Veterans & General Legislation committees, and of various other committee incarnations and subcommittees during his 24 years in office. He originally allied with the Conservative Caucus at a time when the legislature was still officially nonpartisan, and later identified as a Republican when party affiliation became required of candidates.
Renneke did not seek re-election in 1992. After leaving the legislature, he spearheaded an effort on behalf of the Sibley County Historical Society to obtain funding from the state for restoration of the 1879 county courthouse and development of the Joseph R. Brown Interpretive Center. Brown was an early state pioneer, entrepreneur and politician, and the founder of the town of Henderson.
In 1999, Governor Jesse Ventura appointed Renneke to serve on the Minnesota Compensation Council, which determines the salaries of the state’s elected and appointed officials. In 2005, he was appointed by the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources to serve on the Environment & Natural Resources Trust Fund Advisory Task Force. He served as chairman of the campaign committee for Senator Dennis Frederickson of New Ulm.
# Council of Toulouse

The Council of Toulouse (1229) was a Council of the Roman Catholic Church called by Folquet de Marselha, the Bishop of Toulouse, in 1229 AD. The council forbade lay people to read vernacular translations of the Bible. The Council of Toulouse was a local council held by a local church, not an ecumenical council possessing binding authority over the entire Catholic Church.

## Background

The Council was called by the local bishop to address the perceived threat from the rapid growth of the Albigensian movement in 13th century southern France. The council resolved that a search in each parish was to be made for heretics (Albigensian and Cathar) and that if found their houses should be destroyed and that non-Latin translations of the Bible be destroyed and likewise for other unauthorised copies.
The Council pronounced:
   "We prohibit also that the laity should be permitted to have the books of the Old and the New Testament; unless anyone from the motives of devotion should wish to have the Psalter or the Breviary for divine offices or the hours of the blessed Virgin; but we most strictly forbid their having any translation of these books."

## Legacy

Folquet de Marselha, Bishop of Toulouse died two years later in 1231, but in 1234 another council was held at Tarragona to regulate the procedure of the Inquisition, which was already in Toulouse in 1233 and to also ratify the findings of the Toulouse Council.
Canon two of this Tarragona council restated: “No one may possess the books of the Old and New Testaments, and if anyone possesses them he must turn them over to the local bishop within eight days, so that they may be burned”.
# Agnes von Zahn-Harnack

Agnes von Zahn-Harnack (19 June, 1884, Gießen – 22 May 1950, Berlin) was a German teacher, writer and women's rights activist.

## Early life

She was the daughter of the theologian Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930) and Amalie Thiersch (1858–1937). She was born Agnes Harnack as it was only in 1914 that her father was awarded the hereditary title of nobility. She attended two girls' high schools in Berlin-Charlottenburg between 1890 and 1900. She earned a doctorate in 1912 with a thesis on German romanticism.

## Career

As a young woman, von Harnack was principal of a girls' high school. She wrote about German women in wartime for Current History in 1916.
Zahn-Harnack was chairwoman of the Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine from 1931 to its dissolution in 1933, when they chose to break the organisation up rather than continue under the supervision of the Nazi regime.

## Personal life

On 8 December 1919, Zahn-Harnack married Karl von Zahn (1877-1944) in Berlin, Germany. Zahn-Harnack's husband was a civil servant in the Weimar Republic's Ministry of the Interior.
# Maata Mahupuku

Maata Mahupuku, also known as Martha Grace and Martha Asher (10 April 1890 – 15 January 1952), was the muse and lover of short-story writer Katherine Mansfield. Of Māori ancestry, descended from a New Zealand tribal leader, she identified with the Ngati Kahungunu iwi.

## Life

Mahupuku was the granddaughter of a Maori chief, Wiremu Mahupuku. She was born in Greytown, Wairarapa, New Zealand on 10 April 1890. Her father, Richard William Mahupuku, farmed sheep. He died when she was young and her mother, Emily Sexton, married another sheep farmer, Nathaniel Grace. She became known as Martha Grace.
She is best remembered for her relationship with the writer Katherine Mansfield, who was two years older than her, initially while they were both at school in Wellington and then later in London and by correspondence.
Mahupuku inherited substantial land and despite her lawyer embezzling some of her funds she was a rich woman. Her first husband was George McGregor, the son of well-known Wanganui residents George McGregor and Pura Te Mānihera. She later married a second time, and was known at her death as Martha Asher.
Mansfield started a novel about her which Mahupuku claimed to have a full text of, but after Mansfield's death only a chapter and a plan were found.
# Electoral history of Edmund Muskie

Offices pursued–successfully and unsuccessfully–by Edmund Muskie, the 58th United States Secretary of State, United States Senator from Maine, 64th Governor of Maine, and Member of the Maine House of Representatives from the 110th district.

## 1954 Maine Governor

1954 Gubernatorial Election, Maine :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Edmund Muskie | 135,673 | 54.49% | − |
| | Republican | Burton M. Cross (Incumbent) | 113,298 | 45.51% | − |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 22,375 | 8.99% | |

## 1956 Maine Governor

1956 Gubernatorial Election, Maine :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Edmund Muskie (Incumbent) | 180,254 | 59.17% | − |
| | Republican | Willis A. Trafton, Jr. | 124,395 | 40.83% | − |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 55,859 | 18.34% | |

## 1958 United States Senate

* Edmund Muskie 60.8%
* Frederick G. Payne (inc.) 39.2%

## 1964 United States Senate

* Edmund Muskie (D) (inc.) 66%
* Clifford G. McIntire (R) 33%

## 1968 United States Vice President

* Spiro Agnew (R) 301, 43.42%
* Edmund Muskie (D) 191, 42.72%
* Curtis LeMay (American Independent Party) 46, 13.53%

## 1970 United States Senate

* Edmund Muskie (D) (inc.) 61.9%
* Neil S. Bishop (R) 38.3%

## 1972 United States President
### Democratic convention: Presidential votes

* George McGovern 1864.95 delegates
* Henry M. Jackson 525
* George Wallace 381.7
* Shirley Chisholm 151.95
* Terry Sanford 77.5
* Hubert Humphrey 66.7
* Wilbur Mills 33.8
* Edmund Muskie 24.3
* Edward M. Kennedy 12.7
* Sam Yorty 10
* Wayne Hays 5
* John Lindsay 5
* Fred Harris 2
* Eugene McCarthy 2
* Walter Mondale 2
* Ramsey Clark, Walter Fauntroy, Vance Hartke, Harold Hughes and Patsy Mink 1 each

### Democratic convention: Vice Presidential votes

* Thomas F. Eagleton 1741.81
* Frances Farenthold 404.04
* Mike Gravel 225.38
* Endicott Peabody 107.26
* Claiborne W. Smothers 74
* Birch Bayh 62
* Peter Rodino 56.5
* Jimmy Carter 30
* Shirley Chisholm 20
* Moon Landrieu 18.5
* Edward T. Breathitt 18
* Edward M. Kennedy 15
* Fred Harris 14
* Richard G. Hatcher 11
* Harold E. Hughes 10
* Joseph M. Montoya 9
* William L. Guy 8
* Adlai E. Stevenson III 8
* Three others: 5 votes each
* Five others: 4 votes each
* Five others: 3 votes each
* Edmund Muskie 2 votes
* Eight others: 2 votes each
* Thirty-seven others: 1 vote each
* Four others: shared 88.49 votes

## 1976 United States Senate

* Edmund Muskie (D) (inc.) 60.8%
* Robert A. G. Monks (R) 38.2%