# 2014 in paleoichthyology

This list of fossil fishes described in 2014 is a list of new taxa of placoderms, fossil cartilaginous fishes and bony fishess of every kind that have been described during the year 2014, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that occurred in the year 2014. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

## Research

* An overview of adaptations for locomotion in water in fossil fishes is published by Fletcher et al. (2014).
* New fossil material of the Cambrian chordate Metaspriggina walcotti is described by Conway Morris and Caron (2014), who reinterpret M. walcotti as a primitive fish.
* A study of relationships and character distributions of early gnathostomes, including placoderms and acanthodians, is published by Brazeau and Friedman (2014).
* Cranial anatomy of the placoderm Romundina stellina is described by Dupret et al. (2014).
* A specimen of the ischnacanthiform acanthodian Nerepisacanthus denisoni is described from the Late Silurian Bertie Formation of southern Ontario, Canada by Burrow and Rudkin (2014).
* A specimen of the acanthodian Acanthodes bridgei with preserved tissues of its eye, which provides the first record of mineralized rods and cones in a fossil, is described from the Late Carboniferous Hamilton Formation in Kansas, USA by Tanaka et al. (2014).
* An analysis of the fossil record of Carcharocles megalodon, intending to establish its date of extinction, is published by Pimiento and Clements (2014).
* A study of the phylogenetic relationships of the Triassic halecomorph Archaeosemionotus connectens is published by López-Arbarello, Stockar and Bürgin (2014).
* Triassic scanilepiform neopterygian species Fukangichthys longidorsalis is revised by Xu, Gao and Finarelli (2014).
* A study of the phylogenetic interrelationships of lampridiform teleosts and of their Late Cretaceous relatives, is published by Davesne et al. (2014).
* A virtual cranial endocast of the lungfish Rhinodipterus kimberleyensis from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation of Australia is presented by Clement and Ahlberg (2014).
* A study on the histology of the humerus of Eusthenopteron is published by Sanchez, Tafforeau & Ahlberg (2014).

## New taxa
### Newly named jawless vertebrates

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Location | Notes |
| Dartmuthia procera | Sp. nov | Valid | Märss, Afanassieva & Blom | Silurian (late Gorstian to Ludfordian) | Estonia  Latvia | An osteostracan related to Tremataspis, a species of Dartmuthia. |
| Dentapelta | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Scott & Wilson | Early Devonian (Lochkovian) | Canada | An osteostracan related to Superciliaspis. The type species is Dentapelta loefflerae. |
| Eldaaspis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Märss, Afanassieva & Blom | Silurian (late Homerian) | Estonia | A tremataspidiform osteostracan of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Eldaaspis miklii. |
| Glabrapelta | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Scott & Wilson | Early Devonian (Lochkovian) | Canada | An osteostracan related to Superciliaspis. Genus contains two species: G. cristata and G. minima. |
| Meelaidaspis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Märss, Afanassieva & Blom | Silurian (late Homerian) | Estonia | An osteostracan of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Cephalaspidiformes. The type species is Meelaidaspis gennadii. |
| Ohesaareaspis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Märss, Afanassieva & Blom | Late Silurian (Pridoli) | Estonia | An osteostracan of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Cephalaspidiformes. The type species is Ohesaareaspis ponticulata. |
| Tahulaspis | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Märss, Afanassieva & Blom | Late Silurian | Estonia  Latvia | A tremataspidiform osteostracan of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Tahulaspis ordinata; genus also contains Tahulaspis praevia. |
| Tremataspis perforata | Sp. nov | Valid | Märss, Afanassieva & Blom | Silurian (late Homerian to late Gorstian) | Estonia | An osteostracan, a species of Tremataspis''. |

### Newly named placoderms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Antineosteus rufus | Sp. nov | Valid | Vaškaninová & Kraft | Devonian (late Emsian) | | Czech Republic | A homostiid, species of Antineosteus. |
| Barwickosteus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Young & Long | Late Middle Devonian | Aztec Siltstone | Antarctica (Victoria Land) | A phlyctaeniid arthrodire. The type species is Barwickosteus antarcticus. |
| Grifftaylor | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Young & Long | Late Middle Devonian | Aztec Siltstone | Antarctica (Victoria Land) | A phlyctaeniid arthrodire. The type species is Grifftaylor antarcticus. |
| Richardosteus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Long, Mark-Kurik & Young | Early Devonian | | Australia | A buchanosteid arthrodire. The type species is Richardosteus barwickorum. |
| Urvaspis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Long, Mark-Kurik & Young | Early Devonian | | Russia | A buchanosteid arthrodire. The type species is Urvaspis lithuanica. |

### Newly named acanthodians

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
| Obruchevacanthus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botella et al. | Early Devonian | | Spain | An ischnacanthiform acanthodian. The type species is Obruchevacanthus ireneae. | |

### Newly named cartilaginous fishes

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Acanthorhachis | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Martill, Del Strother & Gallien | Carboniferous (Viséan to Westphalian) | | United Kingdom | A shark, possibly a relative of Listracanthus. A new genus for "Listracanthus" spinatus Bolton (1896). |
| Acrodus kalasinensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Cuny et al. | Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous | Phu Kradung Formation | Thailand | An acrodontine hybodontid, a species of Acrodus. |
| Antrigoulia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A palaeospinacid synechodontiform neoselachian. The type species is Antrigoulia circumplicata. |
| Archaeogaleus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A requiem shark. The type species is Archaeogaleus lengadocensis. |
| Cadiera | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A catshark. The type species is Cadiera camboensis. |
| Cantioscyllium grandis | Sp. nov | Valid | Cicimurri, Ciampaglio & Runyon | Late Cretaceous | Eutaw Formation | United States | A member of Ginglymostomatidae, a species of Cantioscyllium. |
| Cetorhinus huddlestoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Welton | Middle Miocene | Sharktooth Hill Bonebed | United States | A relative of the basking shark. |
| Chlamydoselachus landinii | Sp. nov | Valid | Carrillo-Briceño, Aguilera & Rodriguez | Middle to late Miocene | Angostura Formation | Ecuador | A member of the family Chlamydoselachidae. Originally described as a species of Chlamydoselachus; Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet (2019) transferred it to the genus Rolfodon. |
| Copodus lebedevi | Sp. nov | Valid | Lyapin & Bagirov | Early Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) | | Russia | A member of Copodontiformes, a species of Copodus. |
| Echinorhinus vielhus | Sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A species of Echinorhinus. |
| Fissodopsis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Lund, Grogan & Fath | Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) | Heath Formation | United States | A member of Petalodontiformes. The type species is Fissodopsis robustus. |
| Garrigascyllium | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A carpet shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Garrigascyllium aganticensis. |
| Gladioserratus dentatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A cow shark, a species of Gladioserratus. |
| Kanodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Lebedev in Ivanov & Lebedev | Middle Permian | | Russia | A psephodontid cochliodontiform holocephalan. The type species is Kanodus robustus. |
| Lonchidion cristatum | Sp. nov | Valid | Cicimurri, Ciampaglio & Runyon | Late Cretaceous | Eutaw Formation | United States | A member of Hybodontiformes, a species of Lonchidion. |
| Lonchidion paramilloensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Johns, Albanesi & Voldman | Middle–Late Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian) | Paramillo Formation | Argentina | A species of Lonchidion. |
| Magistrauia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A carpet shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Magistrauia unicaplicata. |
| Megachasma applegatei | Sp. nov | Valid | Shimada, Welton & Long | Late Oligocene to early Miocene (late Chattian to Aquitanian) | | United States | A relative of the megamouth shark. |
| Meristodonoides multiplicatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Cicimurri, Ciampaglio & Runyon | Late Cretaceous | Eutaw Formation | United States | A member of Hybodontidae, a species of Meristodonoides. |
| Myledaphus pustulosus | Sp. nov | Valid | Cook et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | Bug Creek Anthills Hell Creek Formation Scollard Formation | Canada  United States | A member of Rajiformes related to guitarfishes, a species of Myledaphus. |
| Obruchevodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Grogan, Lund & Fath | Carboniferous (Mississippian) | Bear Gulch Limestone | United States | A petalodontiform chondrichthyan. The type species is Obruchevodus griffithi. |
| Occitanodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | An orthacodontid hexanchiform. The type species is Occitanodus sudrei. |
| Omanoselache halli | Sp. nov | Valid | Koot & Cuny in Koot et al. | Early Triassic (late Olenekian) | | Oman | A hybodontiform shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Omanoselache. |
| Ornatoscyllium rugasimulatum | Sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A carpet shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally described as a species of Ornatoscyllium, but subsequently transferred to the genus Similiteroscyllium. |
| Ozarcus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pradel et al. | Carboniferous | Fayetteville Formation | United States | Probably a member of Falcatidae. The type species is Ozarcus mapesae. |
| Paracestracion pectinatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | Originally interpreted as a bullhead shark and a species of Paracestracion; excluded from the family Heterodontidae by Hovestadt (2018). |
| Parahemiscyllium | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A carpet shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Parahemiscyllium underwoodwardi. |
| Parascylloides | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Thies, Vespermann & Solcher | Late Triassic (Rhaetian) | | Germany  United Kingdom | A member of Synechodontiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Parascylloides turnerae. |
| Parasquatina zitteli | Sp. nov | Valid | Pollerspoeck & Beaury | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | | Germany | An orectolobiform, a species of Parasquatina. |
| Polyfaciodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Koot & Cuny in Koot et al. | Early Triassic (Induan to Olenekian) | | Oman | A synechodontiform neoselachian shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Polyfaciodus pandus. |
| Potamotrygon ucayalensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Adnet, Gismondi & Antoine | Middle Eocene | Yahuarango Formation | Peru | A river stingray, a species of Potamotrygon. |
| Pseudorhina crocheti | Sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France | A relative of angel sharks, a species of Pseudorhina. |
| Restesia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Cook et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | Bug Creek Anthills Hell Creek Formation Lance Formation | United States | A wobbegong, a new genus for "Squatirhina" americana Estes (1964). |
| Rhombopterygia zaborskii | Sp. nov | Valid | Vullo & Courville | Late Cretaceous | | Nigeria | A member of Rajiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Rhombopterygia. |
| Safrodus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Koot & Cuny in Koot et al. | Early Triassic (Olenekian) | | Oman | A synechodontiform neoselachian shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Safrodus tozeri. |
| Saltirius | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cook et al. | Middle Eocene | Brian Head Formation | United States | A dasyatoid stingray. The type species is Saltirius utahensis. |
| Scyliorhinus biformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Reinecke | Oligocene (early to middle Chattian) | Sülstorf Beds | Germany | A catshark, a species of Scyliorhinus. |
| Scyliorhinus suelstorfensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Reinecke | Oligocene (early to middle Chattian) | Sülstorf Beds | Germany | A catshark, a species of Scyliorhinus. |
| Squalicorax benguerirensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Cappetta, Adnet, Akkrim & Amalik | Lower Maastrichtian | Ganntour phosphate deposit | Morocco | An anacoracid shark, a species of Squalicorax. |
| Squalicorax microserratus | Sp. nov | Valid | Cappetta, Adnet, Akkrim & Amalik | Lower Maastrichtian | Ganntour phosphate deposit | Morocco | An anacoracid shark, a species of Squalicorax. |
| Synechodus seinstedtensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Thies, Vespermann & Solcher | Late Triassic (Rhaetian) | | Germany | A member of Synechodontiformes belonging to the family Palaeospinacidae, a species of Synechodus. |
| Thiesus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Guinot, Cappetta & Adnet | Middle Jurassic? (Bathonian) to Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) | | France  United Kingdom? | A catshark. The type species is Thiesus concavus from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) of France; genus might also contain a second, yet unnamed species from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of the United Kingdom. |
| Xenacanthus ragonhai | Sp. nov | Valid | Pauliv et al. | Permian (Wordian to Wuchiapingian) | Rio do Rasto Formation | Brazil | A xenacanthiform, a species of Xenacanthus. |

### Newly named bony fishes

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes |
| Aluterus shigensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Miyajima et al. | Middle Miocene | Bessho Formation | Japan | A filefish, a species of Aluterus. |
| Aplodinotus santosi | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Sciaenidae, a relative of the freshwater drum. |
| Apricenaclupea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | | Italy | A member of Clupeidae belonging to the subfamily Pellonulinae and the tribe Ehiravini. The type species is Apricenaclupea ridewoodi. |
| Batrachoides confluentus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Batrachoididae, a species of Batrachoides. |
| Batrachoides gracilentus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Batrachoididae, a species of Batrachoides. |
| Bryconetes | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Weiss, L. R. Malabarba & M. C. Malabarba | Eocene-Oligocene | Entre-Córregos Formation | Brazil | A stem-characid. The type species is Bryconetes enigmaticus. |
| Camerichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bermúdez-Rochas & Poyato-Ariza | Late Jurassic (Tithonian) or Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) | Matute Formation | Spain | A member of Semionotiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Camerichthys lunae. |
| Ceratodus carteri | Sp. nov | Valid | Main et al. | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Santonian) | Eutaw Formation Woodbine Formation | United States | A lungfish, a species of Ceratodus. |
| Ceratodus texanus | Sp. nov | Valid | Parris, Grandstaff & Banks | Early Cretaceous (Aptian or Albian) | Antlers Formation Twin Mountains Formation | United States | A lungfish, a species of Ceratodus. |
| Chauliodus testa | Sp. nov | Valid | Nazarkin | Neogene | | Russia | A viperfish. |
| Cladocyclus geddesi | Sp. nov | Valid | Berrell et al. | Early Cretaceous (late Albian) | Winton Formation | Australia | A cladocyclid, a species of Cladocyclus. |
| Congophiopsis | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Taverne | Middle Jurassic | Stanleyville Formation, Songa Limestones | Democratic Republic of the Congo | A member of Halecomorphi belonging to the group Ionoscopiformes and the family Ophiopsidae. The type species is "Ophiopsis" lepersonnei de Saint-Seine (1950). |
| Corusichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne & Capasso | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | | Lebanon | A coccodontid. Genus includes new species C. megacephalus. |
| Dipnotuberculus bagirovi | Sp. nov | Valid | Krupina & Prisyazhnaya | Devonian (Givetian) | | Russia | A dipnorhynchid lungfish, a species of Dipnotuberculus. |
| Dobrogeria | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cavin & Grădinaru | Early Triassic (late Olenekian) | | Romania | A non-latimerioid coelacanth. The type species is Dobrogeria aegyssensis. |
| Eoleiognathus | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Bannikov | Eocene (Ypresian) | | Italy | A ponyfish; a new genus for "Pygaeus" dorsalis Agassiz (1838). |
| Eosternoptyx | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Afsari et al. | Middle to Late Eocene | Pabdeh Formation | Iran | A marine hatchetfish. The type species is Eosternoptyx discoidalis. |
| Equetulus | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Miocene (Aquitanian to Serravallian) | | Brazil  Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad)  United States  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae. The type species is Equetulus amazonensis; genus also contains E. davidandrewi (Nolf & Aguilera, 1998), "Pachypops" fitchi Schwarzhans (1993) and E. silverdalensis (Müller, 1999). |
| Errachidia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Murray & Wilson | Early Late Cretaceous | Akrabou Formation | Morocco | An acanthomorph related to Aipichthys. The type species is Errachidia pentaspinosa. |
| Garganoclupea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | | Italy | A member of Clupeiformes belonging to the group Clupeoidei. The type species is Garganoclupea svetovidovi. |
| Gobius mustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A goby, a species of Gobius. |
| Gobius reichenbacherae | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A goby, a species of Gobius. |
| Gobius vandervoorti | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A goby, a species of Gobius. |
| Homalopagus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Murray & Wilson | Early Late Cretaceous | Akrabou Formation | Morocco | An acanthomorph related to Aipichthys. The type species is Homalopagus multispinosus. |
| Isanichthys lertboosi | Sp. nov | Valid | Deesri et al. | Probably Late Jurassic | Phu Kradung Formation | Thailand | A relative of gars, a species of Isanichthys. |
| Jinjuichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kim et al. | Early Cretaceous | Jinju Formation | South Korea | An ichthyodectiform. The type species is Jinjuichthys cheongi. |
| Joinvillichthys | Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne & Capasso | Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian) | | Lebanon | A gladiopycnodontid pycnodontiform. A new genus for "Coccodus" lindstroemi Davis (1890); genus also contains a new species Joinvillichthys kriweti. |
| Kisanganichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne | Middle Jurassic | Stanleyville Formation, Songa Limestones | Democratic Republic of the Congo | A teleost belonging to the group Catervarioliformes and the family Catervariolidae. The type species is Kisanganichthys casieri. |
| Knipowitschia suavis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A goby. Originally described as a species of Knipowitschia, but subsequently transferred to the genus Moldavigobius. |
| Lessinia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bannikov & Zorzin | Eocene (Ypresian) | | Italy | A snapper. The type species is Lessinia horrenda. |
| Lethrinus anatolicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A member of Lethrinidae, a species of Lethrinus. |
| Lopholatilus ereborensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Carnevale & Godfrey | Middle Miocene (Langhian) | Calvert Formation | United States | A tilefish, a species of Lopholatilus. |
| Magrebichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Murray & Wilson | Early Late Cretaceous | Akrabou Formation | Morocco | An acanthomorph related to the beardfishes. The type species is Magrebichthys nelsoni. |
| Mamulichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Minikh | Middle Permian (Urzhumian) | | Russia | A discordichthyid actinopterygian. The type species is Mamulichthys ignotus. |
| Maraldichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne & Capasso | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | | Lebanon | A gebrayelichthyid pycnodontiform. The type species is Maraldichthys verticalis. |
| Mascarenichthys exilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A viviparous brotula, a species of Mascarenichthys. |
| Megamastax | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Choo et al. | Silurian (Ludfordian, ~423 mya) | Kuanti Formation | China | A sarcopterygian. The type species is Megamastax amblyodus. |
| Millerolepis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Elliott | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | | United Kingdom | A haplolepid palaeonisciform. The type species is Millerolepis eleionomae. |
| Nardonoides | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Mayrinck, Brito & Otero | Late Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian ) | | Italy | A stem-otophysan; a new genus for "Chanoides" chardoni . |
| Natgeosocus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bannikov | Early Oligocene | | Russia | A lampriform related to the genus Palaeocentrotus. The type species is Natgeosocus sorini. |
| Ogilbia brasiliensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A viviparous brotula, a species of Ogilbia. |
| Pacuarescarus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Laurito et al. | Early Miocene | Rio Banano Formation | Costa Rica | A member of Scaridae. The type species is Pacuarescarus kussmauli. |
| Pankowskichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne & Capasso | Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian) | | Lebanon | A gladiopycnodontid pycnodontiform. The type species is Pankowskichthys libanicus. |
| Paracoccodus | Gen. nov | Valid | Taverne & Capasso | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | | Lebanon | A coccodontid. Genus includes new species P. woodwardi. |
| Paraconger paraensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Congridae, a species of Paraconger. |
| Parahaplolepis alexandrae | Sp. nov | Valid | Elliott | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | | United Kingdom | A haplolepid palaeonisciform, a species of Parahaplolepis. |
| Parahaplolepis elenae | Sp. nov | Valid | Elliott | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | | United Kingdom | A haplolepid palaeonisciform, a species of Parahaplolepis. |
| Paucaichthys elamensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Přikryl & Bannikov | Oligocene | | Iran | A pomfret, a species of Paucaichthys. |
| Persephonichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pardo, Huttenlocker & Small | Early Permian | Eskridge Formation | United States | A lungfish. The type species is Persephonichthys chthonica. |
| Pirskenius radoni | Sp. nov | Valid | Přikryl | Oligocene | | Czech Republic | An eleotrid, a species of Pirskenius. |
| Plagioscion travassosi | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Plagioscion. |
| Planktophaga | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Böhme et al. | Late Middle to Late Eocene | Rhin Chua Formation | Vietnam | A member of Cyprinidae. The type species is Planktophaga minuta. |
| Plesiopercichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Agnolin et al. | Early Pliocene | Monte Hermoso Formation | Argentina | A temperate perch. The type species is Plesiopercichthys dimartinoi. |
| Pomatoschistus rueckertae | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A goby, a species of Pomatoschistus. |
| Porichthys atalaianus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A midshipman fish. |
| Propercarina problematica | Sp. nov | Valid | Přikryl et al. | Oligocene | | Poland  Romania | A member of Stromateoidei, a species of Propercarina. |
| Protohaplolepis isabellae | Sp. nov | Valid | Elliott | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | | United Kingdom | A haplolepid palaeonisciform, a species of Protohaplolepis. |
| Protohaplolepis limnades | Sp. nov | Valid | Elliott | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | | United Kingdom | A haplolepid palaeonisciform, a species of Protohaplolepis. |
| Protohaplolepis traquairi | Sp. nov | Valid | Elliott | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | | United Kingdom | A haplolepid palaeonisciform, a species of Protohaplolepis. |
| Protolarimus | Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Miocene | | Brazil  Venezuela | A member of Sciaenidae. A new genus for "Larimus" henrici Nolf & Aguilera (1998); genus also contains new species Protolarimus mauryae, as well as "Ophioscion" lundbergi Aguilera & Rodrigues de Aguilera (2004). |
| Protosciaena brasiliensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Protosciaena. |
| Pteronisculus nielseni | Sp. nov | Valid | Xu, Shen & Zhao | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Guanling Formation | China | A stem-actinopteran, a species of Pteronisculus. |
| Pyritocephalus youngii | Sp. nov | Valid | Elliott | Carboniferous (Bashkirian) | | United Kingdom | A haplolepid palaeonisciform, a species of Pyritocephalus. |
| Pythonichthys pirabasensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Heterenchelyidae, a species of Pythonichthys. |
| Ranulfoichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Alvarado-Ortega | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | | Mexico | A basal member of Clupeomorpha. The type species is Ranulfoichthys dorsonudum. |
| Robustichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Xu, Zhao & Coates | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | China | A ray-finned fish of uncertain phylogenetic placement; might be an ionoscopiform halecomorph (a relative of the bowfin) or a member of the stem group of Ginglymodi. The type species is Robustichthys luopingensis. |
| Rutilus robustus | Sp. nov | Valid | Kovalchuk | Late Miocene to Pliocene | | Moldova  Ukraine | A member of Cyprinidae, a species of Rutilus. |
| Sangiorgioichthys yangjuanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Guanling Formation | China | Originally described as a member of Semionotiformes and a species of Sangiorgioichthys; Xu et al. (2019) transferred this species to the group Kyphosichthyiformes and to the genus Lashanichthys. |
| Sanopus mendax | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Batrachoididae, a species of Sanopus. |
| Sanopus peregrinus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Batrachoididae, a species of Sanopus. |
| Saurichthys hoffmanni | Sp. nov | Valid | Werneburg, Kogan & Sell | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Röt Formation | Germany | A species of Saurichthys. |
| Saurichthys majiashanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Tintori et al. | Early Triassic (Olenekian) | Nanlinghu Formation | China | A species of Saurichthys. |
| Saurichthys minimahleri | Sp. nov | Valid | Werneburg, Kogan & Sell | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Röt Formation | Germany | A species of Saurichthys. |
| Scardinius ponticus | Sp. nov | Valid | Kovalchuk | Miocene (late Turolian) | | Ukraine | A member of Cyprinidae, a species of Scardinius. |
| Sciaenops rossettiae | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Sciaenidae. Originally described as a species of Sciaenops; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Amazonasciaena by Aguilera, Schwarzhans & Béarez (2016). |
| Scorpaena? landaui | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A scorpionfish, possibly a species of Scorpaena. |
| Serranus? ariejansseni | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A member of Serranidae, possibly a species of Serranus. |
| Sinamia kukurihime | Sp. nov | Valid | Yabumoto | Early Cretaceous | Kuwajima Formation | Japan | A sinamiid amiiform, a species of Sinamia. |
| Sorbinichromis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bannikov & Bellwood | Eocene (Ypresian) | | Italy | A member of Pomacentridae. The type species is Sorbinichromis francescoi. |
| Spicara pamphyliensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Turkey | A member of Centracanthidae, a species of Spicara. |
| Syacium predorsalis | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Paralichthyidae, a species of Syacium. |
| Thalassophryne aequaliter | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Batrachoididae, a species of Thalassophryne. |
| Thalassophryne pumilus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Batrachoididae, a species of Thalassophryne. |
| Thorogobius iucundus | Sp. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans | Miocene (Langhian to Serravallian) | Karaman Basin | Austria  Czech Republic  Poland  Slovakia  Turkey | A goby, a species of Thorogobius. |
| Wallago maemohensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Roberts | Miocene | | Thailand | A silurid catfish, a species of Wallago. |
| Xenotolithus retrolobatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Aguilera & Schwarzhans in Aguilera et al. | Early Miocene | Pirabas Formation | Brazil | A member of Sciaenidae, a species of Xenotolithus. |
| Zappaichthys | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Carnevale & Collette | Middle Miocene (late Badenian) | Leitha Limestone | Austria | A batrachoidid toadfish. The type species is Zappaichthys harzhauseri. |