OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crème liqueur

A crème liqueur is a liqueur that has a great deal of additional sugar added to the point that it has a near-syrup consistency. Unlike cream liqueurs, crème liqueurs include no cream in their ingredients. "Crème" in this case refers to the consistency. This category includes crème de cacao (chocolate), crème de menthe (mint), crème de mûre (blackberry), and crème de cassis (black currant).
# Else Pappenheim

Else Pappenheim (May 22, 1911, in Salzburg, Austria-Hungary – January 11, 2009, in New York) was an American neurologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst of Austrian origin.

## Life

Else Pappenheim came from a traditional Jewish family of doctors. Her mother Edith Goldschmidt (1883–1942) - a granddaughter of the founder of the first female high school in Leipzig, Henriette Goldschmidt - could not escape the persecution of Jews and committed suicide with her sister in 1942. Her father Martin Pappenheim (1881-1943) was head of the neurological department at Lainz Hospital, who emigrated to Palestine in 1934 as an opponent of Austrofascism. Her aunt was Marie ''(Mitzi)'' Pappenheim, who was one of the first women to receive her doctorate from the medical school in Vienna; under her married name Marie Frischauf, she ran sex advice centers for the poor in Vienna together with Wilhelm Reich, before emigrating in 1934.
Else Pappenheim grew up in Vienna, where she attended Eugenie Schwarzwald's reform school before beginning her studies in medicine. In 1937, Pappenheim was one of the last analysts to be trained at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. Until March 1938, Pappenheim worked at the University Hospital Vienna as a secondary doctor for neurology and psychiatry. After the Anschluss, the Psychoanalytical Institute was closed and its members were forced to flee. Pappenheim emigrated to the United States via Palestine, where she met American psychoanalysis at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore with one of the leading US psychiatrists, Adolf Meyer, whose analytical level, however, she found "primitive". In the United States, Else Pappenheim married Stephen Frischauf in 1946, who had also emigrated from Austria. The family later lived in New York, where the now Else Frishauf worked as a freelance psychoanalyst and held professorships at various universities.
In 1956 Pappenheim visited Austria again for the first time since her flight. However, it was not until 1987, as part of the "Expelled Reason" symposium, in which she took part along with many other emigrants, that there was a certain rapprochement with Austria in the form of an exchange with young Austrian psychiatrists and psychoanalysts.
Else Pappenheim died in New York at the age of 97. She was the last living member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association from before 1938 and one of the last witnesses who could provide information about the end and re-establishment of psychoanalysis.

## Writings

* Else Pappenheim: "Contemporary Witness", in: Friedrich Stadler [Ed.]: International Symposium, October 19 to 23, 1987 in Vienna: Emigration and Exile of Austrian Science , Vienna: Youth and People, 1987 ISBN 3-224-16525-1 , p 221–229 (autobiographical)
# Danny O'Shea (footballer)

Daniel O'Shea (born 26 March 1963) is an English former professional footballer who made 461 appearances in the Football League in a career that lasted more than 15 years.

## Career

O'Shea, born in Newington, London, came through the Arsenal youth system to make his league debut on 30 October 1982 in a goalless draw at home to Birmingham City, and played 9 times in all competitions for the Highbury outfit between 1982 and 1983. He also had a loan spell with Charlton Athletic before making a permanent move to Exeter City where he established himself as a regular first teamer and made 45 league appearances, scoring twice.
Predominantly a midfield player who moved into defence later in his career, in August 1985 he joined Southend United, where he spent four years and played 139 games in all competitions, scoring 12 goals. Released at the end of the 1988–89 season on a free transfer, he signed for Cambridge United together with Southend teammate Martin Robinson. While Robinson only spent a season at the Abbey Stadium, O'Shea stayed until 1995, playing a major role in the success the club enjoyed in nearly reaching the Premier League under manager John Beck. O'Shea captained the United side as they played a FA Cup quarter-final tie at his old club Arsenal in 1991, though he ended on the losing side that day.
After playing more than 250 games for the club and having a spell as player-coach when Gary Johnson took charge, O'Shea left the club in 1995. Following this, he joined Northampton Town as player-assistant manager to former Cambridge United manager Ian Atkins. During the Summer of 1995 O'Shea made an appearance on loan in Wimbledon's ill-fated Intertoto Cup campaign, though did not do enough to earn a full-time contract with the Premier League club. He played a further 80 league games for Northampton before moving into non-League football in 1997 first with Rushden & Diamonds, then Aylesbury United before finishing his playing career with Canvey Island.
# Charles A. Sullivan

Charles A. Sullivan was a lawyer who served as a state legislator in Mississippi during the Reconstruction era. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives. The Clarion-Ledger identified him has a Radical Republican state senator-elect.
# Dadu

Dadu may refer to:

## Places

* Dadu or Khanbaliq, capital of the Yuan dynasty; in modern Beijing
* Dadu, Sirsa, a village in Haryana, India
* Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan
** Dadu, Pakistan, a town in Dadu District
** Dadu railway station (Pakistan)
** Dadu Taluka
* Dadu, Taichung, Taiwan
** Dadu Plateau
** Dadu railway station (Taichung)
** Kingdom of Middag, also known as the Kingdom of Dadu

## Rivers

* Dadu River, a tributary of the Yangtze, in Sichuan province, China
* Dadu River (Taiwan), also known as the "Wu River"

## People

* Dadu Dayal (1544–1603), Indian devotional poet-guru
* Dadu Mahendranath Singh (fl. 1951–1957), Indian politician
* Sergiu Dadu (born 1981), Moldovan footballer

## Other uses

* Dadu cricket team, based in Dadu, Pakistan
* Amarjeet Kapoor "Dadu", fictional character in the 2016 Indian film Kapoor & Sons, played by Rishi Kapoor
* Dadu No. 1, a 2004 Indian film
# Shell Answer Man

The Shell Answer Man was a series of television advertisements from the 1960s through the 1990s sponsored by Royal Dutch Shell in which answers were provided to common questions from the public about driving, with advice on vehicle maintenance, repair and safety, as well as guidance to users of home heating oil. Companion booklets, a series titled the Shell Answer Books, were inserted into major magazines and distributed as free giveaways at Shell gas stations. The ads were aimed at typical drivers, helping inform them how to avoid wasting gasoline through such tips as not making jackrabbit starts, ensuring proper tire inflation, regular oil changes and proper basic maintenance of their vehicle, as well as guidance on how to get the most out of heating one's home.
The campaign was developed in the late 1960s for Shell by the advertising firm of Ogilvy & Mather, a relationship that would continue for nearly four decades. Print ads addressed other oil uses, such as touting the benefits of switching to an oil-powered hot water heater and encouraging those using oil to heat their homes to ensure they have enough oil in their tank before the cold weather arrives. By the time Shell ended the relationship in 1999, Ogilvy & Mather had 60 employees based in Houston, Texas largely dedicated to the Shell account, and when O&M closed the office in Houston it dropped other local accounts that it could no longer justify supporting.
Actor and announcer Don Morrow appeared in the campaign in the 1960s, offering tips to drivers. Actor Vince O'Brien landed the role of the Shell Answer Man in the late 1960s and 1970s, an opportunity he described in a newspaper interview as being "like hitting the state lottery." O'Brien's balding, mature appearance made him an effective authority figure in the campaign. Actor Richard Anderson played the role of the Shell Answer Man in the 1970s and 1980s.
# Charles E. James Sr.

Charles E. James Sr. was the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs from 2001 to 2009 during the administration of George W. Bush.
He returned to the federal government in 2017 to direct the Office of Civil Rights at the United States Department of Transportation.

## Personal

His wife, Kay Coles James, served as the director for the United States Office of Personnel Management from 2001 to 2005 in the George W. Bush administration. He is the father of three grown children.
# Esquerdes

Esquerdes (French pronunciation:; West Flemish: Zwerde) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Saint-Omer.

## Etymology

The village name first appears as Squerda in the year 857. Later known as Ekarde and finally as Esquerdes.

## History

An ancient village, Esquerdes was on the Roman road, the Leulène, that ran from Thérouanne to Sangatte on the coast. An archaeological survey of 1984 revealed traces of the Neolithic period (flint and carved bone) at two sites known as Les Tripoux and Le Paradis.
The private Crèvecoeur farm, near the river, is made up of a number of buildings dating from the fifteenth century that belonged to John de Trémoillepuis and his son, Philippe de Crèvecoeur, who served under Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and Kings Louis XI and Charles VII. He was appointed Marshal of France in 1483 and changed his surname to that of Esquerdes. The story of Esquerdes is linked to the development of two major industries of paper and gunpowder, which developed from the time of Louis XIV until the 19th century and which led to a large growth in population. In 1790, the town was large enough (with its 500 inhabitants) to be appointed chief town of the canton. Two hundred years or so later, this figure has more than tripled.

## Notable people

* Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes (1418–1494), Marshal of France in 1486 and seigneur of the village.
# Itapuã do Oeste

Itapuã do Oeste is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. Its population was 10,641 (2020) and its area is 4,081 km².
The municipality contains 24% of the fully protected 71,161 hectares (175,840 acres) Samuel Ecological Station.
# Raimundo Valenzuela

Raimundo Valenzuela de Leon (23 January 1848 in San Antonio de los Baños – 27 April 1905 in Havana) was a leading Cuban trombonist, composer and bandleader.

## Life and career

Valenzuela studied music under his father, Lucas: he learnt piano, viola, percussion, but was first employed by Orquesta Flor de Cuba as a trombonist. He was playing for La Flor in the Alhambra theatre in Havana in 1869, when a group of Spanish anti-revolutionary volunteers attacked the theatre and its patrons. That night the theatre had been performing anti-colonial works for the benefit of rebels declaring Cuban independence, in what became known as the Ten Years' War.
He established his band from the remains of Flor de Cuba after the death of its leader, Juan de Dios Alfonso. Like its forebear, the orchestra was a típica in format, based mostly on wind instruments. It was, like Flor de Cuba, the most popular típica of its day. Valenzuela's bands played everywhere in Havana. They played for balls, the theatre, carnavals, and for all racial groups and all levels of society.
Raimundo contributed financially and personally to the development of the Cuban War of Independence in 1895. When Raimundo died in 1905, his brother Pablo Valenzuela became Director of the orchestra.
Valenzuela's compositions were mostly danzones, such as El negro bueno, María Belen, Los empleados de Tacón; and the zarzuela La mulata María.

## The era of danzón

The danzón developed first in Matanzas and Havana. The second phase of its evolution had been started by Miguel Faílde, who was a close friend of Valenzuela. Faíde's was the top band in Matanzas, as Valenzuela was in Havana. They often played together on big occasions. In 1883, for example, there was a double bill at the Teatro Tacón, where the two bands played alternatively all night. It was in 1883 that Valenzuela added a third segment to the two-part structure created by Faílde, so completing the danzón's musical form. By the mid-1880s the danzón had become so popular that both Faílde and Valenzuela created back-up bands so as to be able to play two venues on the same night.
During carnaval, danzón dancing became a 'kind of delirium'; in 1893 no fewer than 150 dances were announced for Havana's carnaval. "In Havana it is a scandal taking on more alarming proportions every day." Especially targeted for criticism were the cheap dance-halls called escuelitas. New dances have often drawn criticism, particularly when members of different races danced together. As early as 1879 we find "This dirty rhythm forced the dancers into obscene movements" "First we had the danza, then came the danzón... next it will be the rumba, and finally we'll all end up dancing ñáñigo!"
# Calliandra biflora

Calliandra biflora is a species of flowering plants of the genus Calliandra in the family Fabaceae.
# Jens Schmidt (footballer)

Jens Schmidt (born 3 April 1963) is a German former football goalkeeper who played for Chemnitzer FC.

## Club career

He played over 65 East German top-flight matches.

## International career

Jens Schmidt won – in East Germany's last ever international – one cap in 1990.
# William Savory

William Alcott Savory (June 11, 1916 – February 11, 2004) was an audio engineer known for his extensive private recordings of important jazz musicians in the 1930s, and for his contributions to recording technology. A musician who developed an interest in sound engineering, Savory began building his own recording devices in the mid-1930s. Savory was involved with the team led by Columbia Records engineer William S. Bachman that succeeded in bringing the first 33⅓ rpm long-playing record albums to market in 1948.

## Biography

Savory was born William Alcott Savory of French and Italian parents aboard the ocean liner Mauretania. He played the piano and the saxophone. He grew up in New Jersey and Southern California. He was married to Helen Ward, a former singer in Benny Goodman's band.
Savory specialized in transcribing live performances off the air for radio networks and advertisers, and recorded a large number of radio broadcasts which featured American jazz musicians, classical musicians, and spoken word broadcasts in the 1930s. The radio recordings of the live broadcasts, made before the introduction of tape, were known to only a handful of people until they were acquired by the National Jazz Museum in Harlem in 2010. They were recorded on 12- or 16-inch discs, made of raw aluminum or lacquer coated aluminum (incorrectly called "acetates"). Because they were recorded at speeds of 33⅓ rpm, Savory was able to record longer performances than were previously available on 10-inch 78 rpm shellac discs, which could capture only about three minutes of music.
A master of the art of disc cutting, Savory made the first transfers from disk to tape to LP master. Among these were the on-site recordings of Benny Goodman's historic January 16, 1938 concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City, which has been described by critic Bruce Eder as "the single most important jazz or popular music concert in history." He also developed the technique for cutting the masters of 78 rpm recordings that were being transferred to the new format.
During World War II, Savory was assigned to the Naval Research Laboratory, helped to develop radar for all-weather fighter aircraft, and served as a test and combat pilot. Savory later worked as a defense contractor in the Washington, D.C., area, on electronic communications and surveillance devices designed to pick up audio and data signals. According to his son, Eugene Desavouret, Savory was “a spook" (agent), connected with the CIA."
The National Jazz Museum has begun digitizing recordings of performances by Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Billie Holiday, Count Basie, Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young, Bunny Berigan, Harry James and many others. However, the copyright status of the collection is unclear because there was no arrangement for distribution of copies in contracts between performers and radio stations in the 1930s, according to June M. Besek, executive director of the Kernochan Center for Law, Media and the Arts at the Columbia University School of Law.
# Eric Meadus

Eric Meadus (1931–1970) was an English artist whose work was exhibited in the Royal Academy and Paris Salon.
Meadus came from the 'Flower Roads' of Swaythling, a council estate. He was born in Rigby Road, Southampton, but his family soon moved to Lobelia Road. He first exhibited in a mixed show at the City Art Gallery. L.S. Lowry met him in 1965 and encouraged him. He attended King Edward VI School, Southampton, and later worked for Pirelli General where he provided cartoons for their house magazine Cable.
His oils were exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Cork Street gallery in London and at the Paris Salon. Another Southampton artist, Margery Clarke, continued to display his work at The First Gallery, which she ran in Bitterne, Southampton.

## Exhibitions

* 1971: Royal Academy Summer Exhibition.
* 1996: Southampton City Art Gallery — Meadus line drawings from the permanent collection.
* 1996: The First Gallery, Southampton.
* 1999: Tudor House Museum, Southampton.
* 2001: The First Gallery, Southampton.
* 2006: The First Gallery, Southampton.
* 2011: The First Gallery, Southampton.
* 2014: The First Gallery, Southampton.
# Emanuel Miller

Emanuel Miller (26 August 1892 – 29 July 1970) was a British psychiatrist. He is best known for his work on child psychology.

## Life

Miller was born on 26 August 1892 into a Lithuanian Jewish family in Spitalfields, London, and was educated at Parmiter's School and the City of London School. He entered St John's College, Cambridge in 1911, and later went to the London Hospital Medical College, gaining a medical diploma in 1918. He then took the Cambridge diploma of psychological medicine, in 1921.
Miller founded a child guidance clinic, the first in the United Kingdom, at the Jews Free School in 1927, which he ran with psychologist Meyer Fortes (later a prominent anthropologist) and Sybil Clement Brown. He later worked at the Tavistock Clinic. During World War II he served in the RAMC, and helped form the Campaign for Mental Health. In later life he suffered from depression and severe rheumatoid arthritis. He died on 29 July 1970.
One of those who has been called "father of British child psychiatry", Miller shares the appellation with Michael Rutter and Donald Winnicott.

## Family

Miller married Betty Spiro in 1933. The couple had a daughter, Sarah, and a son, Jonathan.
# J. W. Shattuck

J. W. Shattuck was a state legislator in Mississippi. He represented Wilkinson County, Mississippi in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1874 to 1877.
He published a newspaper.
He and Samuel Riley represented Wilkinson County in the Mississippi House in 1874 while George W. White represented the county in the state senate.
# Metaphit

Metaphit (1-[1-(3-Isothiocyanato)phenyl]cyclohexylpiperidine) is a research chemical that acts as an acylator of NMDARAn, sigma and DAT binding sites in the CNS. It is the m-isothiocyanate derivative of phencyclidine (PCP) and binds irreversibly (forming a covalent bond) to the PCP binding site on the NMDA receptor complex. However, later studies suggest the functionality of metaphit is mediated by sites not involved in PCP-induced passive avoidance deficit, and not related to the NMDA receptor complex. Metaphit was also shown to prevent d-amphetamine induced hyperactivity, while significantly depleting dopamine content in the nucleus accumbens. Metaphit was the first acylating ligand used to study the cocaine receptor. It is a structural isomer of the similar research compound fourphit, as it and metaphit both are isothiocyanate substituted derivatives of an analogous scaffold shared with PCP.
# Heatproof mat

A heatproof mat, also known as wire gauze or a gauze mat, is a piece of apparatus commonly used in tabletop lab experiments that involve moderate temperatures (for example, when a Bunsen burner is being used) to prevent damage to a work surface. They may also be used for domestic equipment, such as hot plates, hair stylers, hair straighteners or other hot objects.
Traditionally, such mats were made of asbestos, often reinforced with a metal mesh, but fiberglass or other substitutes are now used because of the toxicity of asbestos fibres.
# Facebook Killer

The Facebook Killer may refer to:
* Peter Chapman (murderer), English convicted murderer
* Steve William Stephens, American murderer
# Raphaël Martinetti

Raphaël Martinetti is a Swiss businessman and was the president of the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA) from 2002 to 2013. He was elected to this position in 2002, succeeding Milan Ercegan from Yugoslavia. Previously, Martinetti was head of the FILA officiating committee and served on the FILA Bureau for twenty years.
Martinetti resigned as the FILA President at the 15–16 February 2013 meeting of the FILA Executive Committee, after a no confidence vote. The resignation followed the decision by the IOC less than a week earlier to remove wrestling from the list of core olympic sports, that are guaranteed to be represented at the olympics, starting with the 2020 Summer Olympic Games. The FILA Executive Committee appointed Nenad Lalović to be an interim FILA President until a new President is elected at a FILA congress.
Raphael Martinetti and his wife were ordered by the Swiss government to pay €2.5 million tax on €6.5 million given to the couple in 2010 and 2012 by unnamed persons in Azerbaijan.
# Biotech Fund Flanders

The Biotech Fund Flanders (Dutch: Biotech Fonds Vlaanderen) was founded by the Flemish government in 1994 as an instrument to support the creation of new companies, explicitly in biotechnology. It provides venture capital to biotech companies in Flanders (Belgium). The fund has 21.7 million euro of capital and is managed by the GIMV.
# Tahakopa River

The Tahakopa River flows southeastward through the Catlins, an area of the southern South Island of New Zealand. Its total length is 32 kilometres (20 mi), and it flows into the Pacific Ocean 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Waikawa, close to the settlement of Papatowai. The Maclennan River is a tributary.
The river's source is to the west of Mount Pye, 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Wyndham.
# Gargantua (cave)

Gargantua is a limestone cave located on the Andy Good Plateau in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. As of 2002 it has 6,001 metres (19,688 ft) of passages with a depth of 286 metres (938 ft). It contains the largest natural cavern in Canada at 290 metres (950 ft) long, 30 metres (98 ft) wide and 25 metres (82 ft) high.
In October 2002, a group of caving club students from W. R. Myers High School were trapped in the cave overnight, after failing to break through the waterfall exit.
* The Big Dipper
* The waterfall exit after breaking through the ice to exit in the fall
* The 56 foot pitch, 17 m pitch
* The Big Dipper
# Yamato Inaba

Yamato Inaba (稲葉 大和, Inaba Yamato, November 12, 1943) is a former Japanese politician, who was a member of House of Representatives and the Liberal Democratic Party.
Born in Chiyoda, Tokyo he graduated from Chuo University in 1966. He was elected for the first time in 1993 after an unsuccessful run in 1990. He represented the 3rd District of Niigata Prefecture until 2009.
# Wallagonia maculatus

Wallagonia maculatus is a species of catfish in the family Siluridae (the sheatfishes) endemic to Malaysia, where it is known only from Sabah in northern Borneo. This species grows up to a length of 100 centimetres (39 in) SL.
Until osteological research validated the genus Wallagonia in 2014, W. maculatus was included in the genus Wallago.