# List of philosophers (D–H)

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vte :
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
       Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* A–C
* D–H
* I–Q
* R–Z
* Notes
* References

## D

* Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783)
* Damascius (c. 462–540)
* Peter Damian (c. 1007–1072)
* Hubert Damisch (1928–2017)
* Arthur Danto (1924–2013)
* Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
* Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802)
* David of Dinant (12th century)
* David the Invincible (late 6th century)
* Donald Davidson (1917–2003)
* Angela Davis (born 1944)
* Jalal al-Din al-Dawani (1426–1502)
* Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)
* Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985)
* Daniel De Leon (1852–1914)
* Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821)
* Paul de Man (1919–1983)
* Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871)
* Francesco de Sanctis (1817–1883)
* Guy Debord (1931–1994)
* Régis Debray (born 1940)
* Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)
* Joseph Déjacque (1821–1865)
* Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)
* Bernard Delfgaauw (1912–1993)
* Elijah Delmedigo (1460–1497)
* Giorgio Del Vecchio (1878–1970)
* Democritus (460–370 BC)
* Alain Deneault (born 1970)
* Daniel Dennett (1942-2024)
* Denys the Carthusian (or Denys de Leeuwis) (1402–1471)
* Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)
* René Descartes (1596–1650)
* Vincent Descombes (born 1943)
* Robert Desgabets (1610–1678)
* Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754–1836)
* Paul Deussen (1845–1919)
* Alejandro Deustua (1849–1945)
* John Dewey (1859–1952)
* Dharmakirti (c. 7th century)
* Albert Venn Dicey (1835–1922)
* Denis Diderot (1713–1784)
* Dietrich of Freiberg (13th century)
* Joseph Dietzgen (1828–1888)
* Kenelm Digby (1603–1665)
* Dignaga (c. 480–c. 540)
* Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911)
* Hugo Dingler (1881–1954)
* Diodorus Cronus (3rd century BC)
* Diogenes Laërtius (3rd century)
* Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 460 BC)
* Diogenes of Babylon (c. 230–c. 150/140 BC)
* Diogenes of Oenoanda (2nd century)
* Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope (412–323 BC)
* Dogen Zenji (or Dōgen Kigen) (1200–1253)
* Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu) (c. 176–c. 104)
* Herman Dooyeweerd (1894–1977)
* Fyodor Dostoyevsky (1821–1881)
* Frederick Douglass (1818–1895)
* Fred Dretske (1932–2013)
* Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch (1867–1941)
* W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)
* Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896)
* Jean-Baptiste Dubos (1670–1742)
* Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749)
* Guillaume du Vair (1556–1621)
* Curt Ducasse (1881–1969)
* Pierre Duhem (1861–1916)
* Eugen Dühring (1833–1921)
* Michael Dummett (1925–2011)
* Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987)
* James Dunbar (1742–1798)
* Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308)
* Profiat Duran (or Efodi or Isaac ben Moses Levi) (c. 1349–c. 1414)
* Simeon ben Zemah Duran (or Rashbaz) (1361–1444)
* Durandus of St. Pourçain (c. 1275–1334)
* Will Durant (1885–1981)
* Émile Durkheim (1858–1917)
* Enrique Dussel (1934–2023)
* Andrea Dworkin (1946–2005)
* Ronald Dworkin (1931–2013)

## E

* Terry Eagleton (born 1943)
* Jonathan Earle (born 1970)
* John Earman (born 1942)
* Johann Augustus Eberhard (1739–1809)
* Meister Eckhart (1260–1327/8)
* Umberto Eco (1932–2016)
* Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944)
* Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)
* Paul Edwards (1923–2004)
* Christian von Ehrenfels (1856–1932)
* Albert Einstein (1879–1955)
* Mircea Eliade (1907–1986)
* Elias (6th century)
* George Eliot (1819–1880)
* T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)
* Elisabeth of Bohemia (1618–1680)
* Jon Elster (born 1940)
* Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
* Empedocles (490 BC–430 BC)
* Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)
* Epicharmus (c. 540–450 BC)
* Epictetus (AD 55–c. 135)
* Epicurus (341 BC–270 BC)
* Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536)
* Johannes Scotus Eriugena (c. 800–c. 880)
* Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846–1926)
* Eudoxus of Cnidus (410/408 BC–355 or 347 BC)
* Eusebius of Caesarea (264–339)
* Gareth Evans (1946–1980)

## F

* Emil Fackenheim (1916–2003)
* Thome H. Fang (1899–1976)
* Frantz Fanon (1925–1961)
* Al-Farabi (870–950)
* Michael Faraday (1791–1867)
* Michelangelo Fardella (1646–1718)
* Raimundo de Farias Brito (1862–1917)
* Austin Marsden Farrer (1904–1968)
* Ruy Fausto (1935–2020)
* Fazang (or Fa-Tsang) (643–712)
* Gustav Fechner (1801–1887)
* Andrew Feenberg (born 1943)
* Herbert Feigl (1902–1988)
* Joel Feinberg (1926–2004)
* José Pablo Feinmann (1943–2021)
* Valentin Feldman (1909–1942)
* Margaret Fell (1614–1702)
* François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (1651–1715)
* Feng Youlan (1895–1990)
* Adam Ferguson (1723–1816)
* Ann Ferguson (born 1938)
* Jose Ferrater-Mora (1912–1991)
* Luigi Ferri (1826–1895)
* James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864)
* Friedrich Feuerbach (1806–1880)
* Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872)
* Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994)
* Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814)
* Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499)
* Hartry Field (born 1946)
* Robert Filmer (1588–1653)
* J. N. Findlay (1903–1987)
* Eugen Fink (1905–1975)
* John Finnis (born 1940)
* Joachim of Fiore (1135–1202)
* Kuno Fischer (1824–1907)
* Ronald Fisher (1890–1962)
* John Fiske (1842–1901)
* Richard FitzRalph (c. 1300–1360)
* Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961)
* Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii (1882–1937)
* Georges Florovsky (1893–1979)
* Robert Fludd (1574–1637)
* Jerry Fodor (1935–2017)
* Robert J. Fogelin (1932–2016)
* Dagfinn Føllesdal (born 1932)
* Benjamin Fondane (1898–1944)
* Pedro da Fonseca (1528–1599)
* Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (1657–1757)
* Philippa Foot (1920–2010)
* David Fordyce (1711–1751)
* Michel Foucault (1926–1984)
* Simon Foucher (1644–1696)
* Alfred Fouillée (1838–1922)
* Charles Fourier (1772–1837)
* Francis of Marchia (c. 1290–c. 1344)
* Francis of Meyronnes (1285–1328)
* Sebastian Franck (1499–1542)
* Jerome Frank (1889–1957)
* Erich Frank (1883–1949)
* Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)
* William K. Frankena (1908–1994)
* Harry Gordon Frankfurt (1929–2023)
* Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790)
* Nancy Fraser (born 1947)
* Michael Frede (1940–2007)
* Gottlob Frege (1848–1925)
* Hans Frei (1922–1988)
* Paulo Freire (1921–1997)
* Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
* Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773–1843)
* Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852)
* Erich Fromm (1900–1980)
* Marilyn Frye (born 1941)
* Fujiwara Seika (1561–1619)
* Lon L. Fuller (1902–1978)
* Richard Fumerton (born 1949)
* Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov (1828–1906)

## G

* Gadadhara Bhattacharya (1604–1709)
* Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002)
* Muammar Gaddafi (1941–2011)
* Gaius (110–180)
* Galen (131–201)
* Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)
* Pasquale Galluppi (1770–1846)
* Rafael Gambra Ciudad (1920–2004)
* Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)
* Gangeśa (fl. c. 1325)
* Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1887–1964)
* Christian Garve (1742–1798)
* Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655)
* Marcel Gauchet (born 1946)
* Gaunilo (11th century)
* Aksapada Gautama (c. 2nd century BC)
* Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha) (c. 563–483 BC)
* David Gauthier (born 1932)
* John Gay (1685–1732)
* Peter Geach (1919–2013)
* Arnold Gehlen (1904–1976)
* Antonio Genovesi (1712–1769)
* Ronald Giere
* Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944)
* Gerhard Gentzen (1909–1945)
* George of Trebizond (1395–1484)
* Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187)
* Gerard of Odo (or Gerald Odonis) (1290–1349)
* Alexander Gerard (1728–1795)
* Gerbert of Aurillac (or Pope Silvester II) (c. 950–1003)
* Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil (1718–1802)
* Jean Gerson (1363–1429)
* Gersonides (or Levi ben Gershon) (1288–1344)
* Edmund Gettier (1927–2021)
* Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669)
* Alan Gewirth (1912–2004)
* Joseph Geyser (1869–1948)
* Al-Ghazali (1058–1111)
* Allan Gibbard (born 1942)
* Edward Gibbon (1737–1794)
* Josiah Gibbs (1839–1903)
* Gilbert of Poitiers (1070–1154)
* Giles of Rome (c. 1243–1316)
* Étienne Gilson (1884–1978)
* Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am) (1856–1927)
* Vincenzo Gioberti (1801–1852)
* Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680)
* Jonathan Glover (born 1941)
* Arthur de Gobineau (1816–1882)
* Rudolph Goclenius (1547–1628)
* Kurt Gödel (1906–1978)
* Godfrey of Fontaines (c. 1250–1309)
* William Godwin (1756–1836)
* Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749–1832)
* Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1968)
* Alvin Goldman (born 1938)
* Lucien Goldmann (1913–1970)
* Gongsun Longzi (c. 300 BC)
* Nelson Goodman (1906–1998)
* Gorampa (1429–1489)
* Gorgias (c. 483–375 BC)
* André Gorz (1923–2007)
* Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766)
* Marie de Gournay (1565–1645)
* Baltasar Gracián y Morales (1601–1658)
* Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937)
* Asa Gray (1810–1888)
* John Gray (born 1948)
* Hilary Greaves (born 1978)
* Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882)
* Pope Gregory I (540–604)
* Gregory of Nazianzus (329–389)
* Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335–398)
* Gregory of Rimini (d. 1358)
* Herbert Paul Grice (1913–1988)
* James Griffin (1933–2019)
* Germain Grisez (1929–2018)
* Robert Grosseteste (1175–1253)
* Reinhardt Grossmann (1931–2010)
* John Grote (1813–1866)
* Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)
* Adolf Grunbaum (1923–2018)
* Karl Grün (1817–1887)
* Boris Grushin (1929–2007)
* Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740–645 BC)
* Félix Guattari (1930–1992)
* Ernesto "Che" Guevara (1928–1967)
* Guo Xiang (c. 252–312)
* Edmund Gurney (1847–1888)
* Aron Gurwitsch (1901–1973)

## H

* Susan Haack (born 1945)
* Jürgen Habermas (born 1929)
* Ian Hacking (born 1936)
* Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919)
* Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom (1868–1939)
* Martin Hägglund (born 1976)
* Yehuda Halevi (c. 1085–1141)
* Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788)
* Octave Hamelin (1856–1907)
* Sir William Hamilton (1788–1856)
* David Walter Hamlyn (1924–2012)
* Stuart Hampshire (1914–2004)
* Agon Hamza (born 1984)
* Hassan Hanafi (1935–2021)
* Han Feizi (died 233 BC)
* Han Yu (768–824)
* Alastair Hannay (born 1932)
* Eduard Hanslick (1825–1904)
* Norwood Russell Hanson (1922–1967)
* Sandra Harding (born 1935)
* Michael Hardt (born 1960)
* R. M. Hare (1919–2002)
* Gilbert Harman (1938–2021)
* Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930)
* James Harrington (1611–1677)
* Sam Harris (born 1967)
* William Torrey Harris (1835–1909)
* H. L. A. Hart (1907–1992)
* David Hartley (1705–1757)
* Eduard Von Hartmann (1842–1906)
* Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950)
* Charles Hartshorne (1897–2000)
* William Harvey (1578–1657)
* Seiichi Hatano (1877–1950)
* Hayashi Razan (1583–1657)
* Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992)
* William Hazlitt (1778–1830)
* Christian Friedrich Hebbel (1813–1863)
* G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831)
* Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)
* Karl Heim (1874–1958)
* Michael Heinrich (born 1957)
* Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976)
* Virginia Held (born 1929)
* Ágnes Heller (1929–2019)
* Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894)
* Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont (1614–1698)
* Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–1771)
* Carl Gustav Hempel (1905–1997)
* Frans Hemsterhuis (1721–1790)
* Henricus Regius (1598–1679)
* Henry of Ghent (c. 1217–1293)
* Henry of Harclay (1270–1317)
* Michel Henry (1922–2002)
* Ronald William Hepburn (1927–2008)
* Heraclides Ponticus (387–312 BC)
* Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 535–475 BC)
* Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841)
* Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583–1648)
* Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803)
* Abraham Cohen de Herrera (or Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira), (1562–1635)
* John Herschel (1792–1871)
* Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894)
* Hervaeus Natalis (1250–1323)
* Alexander Herzen (1812–1870)
* Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907–1972)
* Hesiod (c. 700 BC)
* Moses Hess (1812–1875)
* Boris M. Hessen (1893–1936)
* Sergei Iosifovich Hessen (1887–1950)
* William of Heytesbury (or Hentisberus or Hentisberi or Tisberi), (1313–1373)
* John Hick (1922–2012)
* Laurens Perseus Hickok (1798–1888)
* Hierocles the Stoic (2nd century)
* David Hilbert (1862–1943)
* Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)
* Hillel ben Samuel of Verona (1220–1295)
* Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs (1794–1861)
* Jaakko Hintikka (1929–2015)
* Hipparchia of Maroneia (c. 350 BC – c. 280 BC)
* Hippias (5th century BC)
* Hippocrates (460–380 BC)
* Ho Chi Minh (1890–1969)
* Ho Yen (190–249)
* Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
* Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse (1864–1929)
* William Ernest Hocking (1873–1966)
* Shadworth Hodgson (1832–1912)
* Harald Høffding (1843–1931)
* Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld (1879–1918)
* Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789)
* Robert Holcot (1290–1349)
* Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843)
* John Holloway (sociologist) (born 1947)
* Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841–1935)
* Edwin Holt (1873–1946)
* Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782)
* Homer (c. 700 BC)
* Richard Hönigswald (1875–1947)
* Sidney Hook (1902–1989)
* Brad Hooker (born 1957)
* Richard Hooker (1554–1600)
* Max Horkheimer (1895–1973)
* Jennifer Hornsby (born 1951)
* Paul Horwich (born 1947)
* George Howison (1834–1916)
* Hsi K'ang (223–262)
* Hsiung Shih-li (1885–1968)
* Hsu Fu-kuan (1903–1982)
* Hsu Hsing (c. 300 BC)
* Hu Hung (or Wu-Feng) (1100–1155)
* Hu Shih (1891–1962)
* Huai Nun Tzu (or Liu An) (179–122 BC)
* Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi) (1610–1695)
* Pierre Daniel Huet (1630–1721)
* Friedrich von Hügel (1852–1925)
* Hugh of St Victor (c. 1078–1141)
* Hui Shi (4th century BC)
* Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835)
* David Hume (1711–1776)
* Jan Hus (1369–1415)
* Edmund Husserl (1859–1938)
* Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746)
* James Hutton (1726–1797)
* Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895)
* Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695)
* Hypatia of Alexandria (370–415)
* Jean Hyppolite (1907–1968)

## Contents
### List of philosophers

    (A–C)
    (D–H)
    (I–Q)
    (R–Z)