OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henk Wesseling

Henk Wesseling (6 August 1937 – 18 August 2018) was a Dutch historian. He was a professor of contemporary history at Leiden University, former rector of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study between 1995 and 2002.

## Biography

Wesseling was the son of the Catholic journalist and politician C.D. Wesseling. After attending secondary school at the Aloysius College in The Hague, he studied history at Leiden University.
From 1973 to 2002 Wesseling was professor of General History (after 1870) at Leiden University. He founded and was director of the Institute for the History of European Expansion at this university. He was also rector of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIAS) in Wassenaar from 1995 to 2002 and later a fellow of the same institute.
In 1988 he was appointed member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). He was also a member of the Academia Europaea and the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences. Together with Wim van den Doel and Freddy Heineken, he designed the Eurotopia plan.
In 1996 Wesseling held the Huizinga lecture in Leiden under the title 'Search Prof. Huizinga not really himself? Huizinga and the Spirit of the Thirties'.
Wesseling accompanied Crown Prince Willem-Alexander during his history studies at Leiden University. In addition, he has advised Queen Beatrix several times in connection with state visits. At the end of 2004, Wesseling received the 21st Medal of Honor for Art and Science of the House Order of Orange from Queen Beatrix at Huis ten Bosch Palace.
On 15 April 2010, the ambassador of France presented the decorations of 'Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur ' to Wesseling. The distinction was awarded to him for his scientific merits and his contribution to Franco-Dutch cooperation.

## Work

Wesseling published widely-read studies on imperialism, the partition of Africa, French military, intellectual, and cultural history, and a biography of Charles De Gaulle.
As an academic manager, he collaborated in establishing and funding numerous projects such as the European summer schools, an international project for the comparative study of India and Indonesia, and the Transfer of Science and Technology Program.

### Leiden University Center for the History of European Expansion and Reaction

In 1974, shortly after he was appointed to the chair of European history, Wesseling founded the "Center for the History of European Expansion and Reaction" within the Leiden University history department.
This research institute included specialists in China and India, as well as Indonesia, and funding was found to hire young specialists in Atlantic and African and other topics. Colonial history had been defunct for nearly two decades, but Wesseling insisted on its importance in Dutch and European history, although some colleagues remain dubious.
The department was custodian of hundreds of kilometers of shelf space devoted to primary sources that were exploited by advanced students. An annual workshop brought in leading scholars and a new specialized journal Itinerario was launched.
# Karim Bouamrane

Karim Bouamrane (French pronunciation:; born 21 February 1973) is a French businessman and politician who has served as Mayor of Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine since 2020.
A moderate Socialist, he was featured in international news when his commune, a Parisian suburb, became the subject of reports for its extensive urban renewal ahead of the 2024 Summer Olympics. After the Olympics and prior to the appointment of Michel Barnier, French media speculated Bouamrane could be a contender for Prime Minister following the 2024 snap legislative election.
# Yuanxiao

Yuanxiao (Chinese: 元宵; pinyin: yuánxiāo; Wade–Giles: Yuan$^2$hisao$^1$; lit. 'first night') are dumplings of glutinous rice flour, filled with sesame or peanut powder and sugar, or sweet red bean paste, eaten in a soup during the Lantern Festival, the fifteenth day of the Chinese New Year. They are similar to tangyuan, but are traditionally prepared in a basket, and served mainly in Northern China.
Yuanxiao have sweet and solid fillings and are served in a thick broth. The surface tends to be dry and soft, and they have a short shelf life. The process of making the dish begins with preparing the solid fillings that are then cut into small pieces. The filling is dipped into water then the dry glutinous rice flour repeatedly, until a round shape is achieved.
# Jantar Mantar (disambiguation)

Jantar Mantar (Yantra Mantra) is an Indian equinoctial sundial, consisting a gigantic triangular gnomon with the hypotenuse parallel to the Earth's axis.
Jantar Mantar may also refer to:

## Observatories

* Jantar Mantar, Jaipur, houses world's largest stone sundial, a UNESCO World Heritage site
* Jantar Mantar, New Delhi, it consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments
* Jantar Mantar, Varanasi, observatory built in the year 1737
* Jantar Mantar, Ujjain or Ved Shala, observatory built in the year 1725

## Others

* Jantar Mantar (1964 film), a 1964 Indian Hindi-language film
* Jantar-Mantar, public art work by sculptor Narendra Patel, located on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
* Jantar Mantar (horse), a Japanese thoroughbred racehorse
* "Janthar Manthar", a song by Mani Sharma, Ranjith and Rita from the 2008 Indian film Kantri
# Emil Planeta

Emil Joseph Planeta (January 31, 1909 – February 2, 1963) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who appeared in two games for the 1931 New York Giants.
# 15th Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party

The 15th Secretariat, formally the Secretariat of the 15th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was nominated by the 15th Politburo Standing Committee and approved by the 1st plenary session of the 15th Central Committee on 19 September 1997, in the aftermath of the 15th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This electoral term was preceded by the 14th Secretariat and succeeded by the 16th in 2002.

## General Secretary of the Central Committee

General Secretary of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party :
| Portrait | Name | Hanzi | Birth | PM | Death | Ref. |
| | Jiang Zemin | 江泽民 | 1926 | 1946 | 2022 | |

## Composition

Members of the Secretariat of the 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party :
| Rank | Name | Hanzi | 14th SEC | 16th SEC | Birth | PM | Death | Birthplace | No. of offices |
| 1 | Hu Jintao | 胡锦涛 | Old | Not | 1942 | 1964 | Alive | Jiangsu | Three Party offices President, Central Party School of the Central Committee Military offices Vice Chairman, Central Military Commission State offices Vice President of the People's Republic of China |
| 2 | Wei Jianxing | 尉健行 | Old | Not | 1931 | 1949 | 2015 | Zhejiang | One Party office Secretary, Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection |
| 3 | Ding Guangen | 丁关根 | Old | Not | 1929 | 1956 | 2012 | Jiangsu | One Party office Head, Publicity Department of the Central Committee |
| 4 | Zhang Wannian | 张万年 | New | Not | 1928 | 1945 | 2015 | Shandong | One Military office Vice Chairman, Central Military Commission |
| 5 | Luo Gan | 罗干 | Old | Not | 1935 | 1960 | Alive | Shandong | Two Party office Secretary, Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission State office State Councillor of the People's Republic of China |
| 6 | Wen Jiabao | 温家宝 | Old | Not | 1942 | 1965 | Alive | Tianjin | One State office Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China |
| 7 | Zeng Qinghong | 曾庆红 | New | Reelected | 1939 | 1960 | Alive | Jiangxi | Two Party offices Head, General Office of the Central Committee Head, Organization Department of the Central Committee |
# La provinciale (1981 film)

La provinciale is a 1981 French-Swiss drama film directed by Claude Goretta. It was entered into the 31st Berlin International Film Festival.

## Cast

* Nathalie Baye as Christine
* Angela Winkler as Claire
* Bruno Ganz as Remy
* Patrick Chesnais as Pascal
* Jean Davy as B. de Larive
* Jacques Lalande as the promoter
* Jean Obé as Trabert
* Dominique Paturel as Ralph
* Jean Valmont as Dargeol
* Pierre Vernier as the publisher
* Paul Andrieu as Dangelle
* Jean Bollery as Jacques Legean
* Vincent Grass
# The Lost City (1920 serial)

The Lost City is a 1920 silent film serial directed by E. A. Martin. The film was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.

## Cast

* Juanita Hansen as Zoolah/Princess Elyata of Tarik
* George Chesebro as Stanley Morton
* Frank Clark as Michael Donovan
* Irene Wallace
* Hector Dion as Gagga

## Chapter titles

* The Lost Princess
* The City of Hanging Gourds
* The Flaming Tower
* Jungle Death
* The Puma's Victim
* The Man-Eater's Prey
* The Bride of Death
* A Tragedy in the Sky
* In the Palace of Black Walls
* The Tug of War
* In the Lion's Jaw
* The Jungle Fire
* In the Cave of Eternal Fire
* Eagle's Nest
* The Lost City
# Boursin

Boursin (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the northern Hauts-de-France region of France 12 miles (19 km) south of Calais.
# The Lion and the Unicorn

The Lion and the Unicorn are symbols of the United Kingdom. They are, properly speaking, heraldic supporters appearing in the full royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. The lion stands for England and the unicorn for Scotland. The combination therefore dates back to the 1603 accession of James I of England who was already James VI of Scotland. By extension, they are also used in the arms of Newfoundland since 1637, the arms of Hanover between 1837–1866, and the arms of Canada since 1921.

## Nursery rhyme

The traditional legend of enmity between the two heraldic animals is recorded in a nursery rhyme which has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 20170. It is usually given with the lyrics:
    The lion and the unicorn
    Were fighting for the crown
    The lion beat the unicorn
    All around the town.
    Some gave them white bread,
    And some gave them brown;
    Some gave them plum cake
    and drummed them out of town.
The legend of the two animals may have been intensified by the Acts of Union 1707 and it was one year later that William King (1663–1712) recorded a verse very similar to the first stanza of the modern rhyme. This seems to have grown to include several other verses. Apart from those above only one survives:
    And when he had beat him out,
    He beat him in again;
    He beat him three times over,
    His power to maintain.
This rhyme was played upon by Lewis Carroll, who incorporated the lion and the unicorn as characters in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass. Here, the crown they are fighting for belongs to the White King which, given that they are on the White side as well, makes their rivalry all the more absurd. Carroll subverts the traditional view of a lion being alert and calculating by making this particular one slow and rather stupid, although clearly the better fighter. The role of the Unicorn is likewise reversed (or mirrored, as in a looking-glass) by the fact that he sees Alice as a "monster", though he promises to start believing in her if she will believe in him. Sir John Tenniel's illustrations for the section caricature Benjamin Disraeli as the Unicorn, and William Ewart Gladstone as the Lion, alluding to the pair's frequent parliamentary battles, although there is no evidence that this was Carroll's intention.
# Kate Hawley

Kate Hawley is a New Zealand set and costume designer who works on film and stage productions. In film she designed the costumes for Crimson Peak (2015) and Mortal Engines (2018). Stage productions include work for the Royal New Zealand Ballet, the New Zealand Festival and the New Zealand Opera Company.

## Biography

Hawley grew up in Wellington, New Zealand, and attended Samuel Marsden Collegiate School from 1982 to 1988. Following high school, she studied graphic design at the Wellington School of Design at Wellington Polytechnic, completing a diploma in visual communication design in 1992. In 1996, she attended the Motley Theatre Design Course in London.
Hawley began her career in theatre and opera productions, and later moved into costume design for film. In 1993 Hawley won Costume Designer of the Year at the Chapman Tripp Theatre Awards. She has taught at Toi Whakaari The New Zealand Drama School.
Some stage productions she has worked on include as the set and costume designer of The Blonde, the Brunette and the Vengeful Redhead starring Kerry Fox, directed by Colin McColl in 2006 for Auckland Theatre Company. Costume design for opera The Trial of the Cannibal Dog (composer Matthew Suttor, librettist John Downie, director Christian Penny, conductor Peter Scholes, producer New Zealand Festival), and set and costume design of Hansel and Gretel, a Royal New Zealand Ballet production choreographed by Loughlan Prior. In 2007 Hawley was the production designer of the New Zealand Opera production of Lucia di Lammermoor. In reviewing this production, Pepe Becker wrote:
   The all-female leaders of the creative team (director Lindy Hume, assistant director Sara Brodie and production designer Kate Hawley) are to be congratulated for their outstanding and ingenious direction. Venturing away from the traditional sort of production one expects for a Donizetti work proves to be a good move.
In film Hawley has worked for Peter Jackson on The Lovely Bones and with Guillermero Del Toro on The Hobbit, Pacific Rim and Crimson Peak. She designed the costumes for Edge of Tomorrow (2014), the 2016 movie Suicide Squad, and Mortal Engines directed by Christian Rivers.
In 2016, Hawley was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Costume Design for her work on Crimson Peak.
# K. C. Irving Regional Centre

The K.C. Irving Regional Centre (French: Centre Régional K.C. Irving) is an indoor arena located in Bathurst, New Brunswick. The arena is home to the Acadie–Bathurst Titan, a hockey team of the QMJHL. It was named in honour of businessman K. C. Irving. Opened in September 1996 and built at a cost of $21 million, it is the largest arena in north-eastern New Brunswick.
There are 3,162 seats for a total capacity of 3,524 at the hockey games. For entertainment, the capacity may be expanded to 4,400. Around the rink there are 24 private boxes. The arena has two ice rinks: "The Eddy Rink" where the Acadie-Bathurst Titan play their home games on also where the seating capacity is located, and "The Richelieu" rink which is the home of The Bathurst High School Phantoms Boys and Girls hockey teams and is hosts to many minor hockey, figure skating and other events with a smaller seating area. The centre also has many canteens and a walking track as well as an Acadie-Bathurst Titan gift shop and the offices of the Acadie-Bathurst Titan management and the City Of Bathurst Parks, Recreation and Tourism Department. The operations of the centre are run by the City Of Bathurst and their union workers from CUPE Locals 550 (Outside Workers) and CUPE Local 4632 Kc Irving Event staff and Security

## Banners

President's Cup (including President's Cup of the club when the franchise was operating at Laval)
* 1983-84
* 1988-89
* 1989-90
* 1992-93
* 1998-99
* 2017-18
" Hardy Cup" ""(Won by the 1972 Bathurst Alpine Papermakers) at the former Bathurst Arena also known as "The Barn"
* Note
The Hardy Cup, was the Canadian national Intermediate "A" ice hockey championship from 1967 until 1984. From 1985 until 1990, the Hardy Cup was the Canadian national senior championship for Senior "AA" after senior and intermediate hockey were merged by the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The trophy was retired to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1990.
Retired numbers (including players of the club when the franchise was operating at Laval)
* 10 - Claude Lapointe
* 17 - Mike Bossy
* 19 - Neil Carnes
* 21 - Vincent Damphousse
* 22 - Martin Lapointe
* 30 - Gino Odjick
* 37 - Patrice Bergeron *First Retired jersey from The Acadie Bathurst Titan since relocating from Laval PQ
* 66 - Mario Lemieux
* 1 - Roberto Luongo* Second retired jersey from The Acadie Bathurst Titan since relocating from Laval PQ
# Po Chü-I (crater)

Po Chü-I is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Po Chü-I is named for the Chinese poet Bai Juyi.
# Sinespace

Sinespace is a free-to-play massively multiplayer online Unity 3D-based platform created and published by Sine Wave Entertainment. It enables users to create and sell 3D content and interact with others as 3D avatars. It was beta launched in November 2016 and teamed up with Unity to make its SDK available in the Unity Asset Store in March 2019. It supports Oculus Rift, HTC Vive and Windows Mixed Reality headsets, but is also accessible through PC, Mac, Linux, and Chrome web browsers.

## Usage

Sinespace's usage is similar to that of multiplayer virtual worlds. Players can create and customize their own 3D worlds and 3D content such as vehicles, mini-games, avatar clothing and gestures, and sell them for real world money. Players can also customize the shape and appearance of their avatar and buy avatars from third-party developers such as Daz 3D. Content is created through a Unity 3D-compatible SDK, and in-game through building tools.

## Enterprise

Sinespace also has private, white-labeled grids for enterprise use. Customers include the U.S. Department of Defense, Pearson Education, Virgin Group, the Smithsonian, the University of Edinburgh, Michigan State University, and other organizations.

## Events

Sinespace has hosted several in-world talk shows featuring live audiences of avatars with notable people in the arts and technology, who also appear in avatar form, including video game designer Warren Spector, VR pioneer Jaron Lanier, MMO pioneer Richard Bartle, and Hugh Welchman, producer of the Oscar-nominated animated feature Loving Vincent.

## Developer

Sinespace's lead developer is Adam Frisby, who was also a key developer of the open source virtual world OpenSimulator. Frisby additionally created a company that earned seven figures in real money by selling content in Second Life. Sinespace is published by Sine Wave Entertainment, a company based in London. The chairman is Peter Norris, who is also Chairman of Virgin Group.
# OSL Group

OSL Group is a Hong Kong-based publicly listed company providing services in brokerage, digital assets exchange, over-the-counter trading, and custody of digital assets.

## History

OSL Group was founded as BC Technology Group in 2003 by Bin Fang. Since its founding, OSL has received investments from various investors, including Fidelity.
In 2013, OSL was listed on the GEM Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Two years later, in 2015, it was moved to the main board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
In 2018, OSL expanded its services to include digital assets. On 15 December 2020, OSL became the first asset trading platform licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong. Subsequently, it hired one of the Big Four accounting firm as its auditor.
In January 2023, Hugh Madden was named as the chief executive officer (CEO) of the company.
In August 2023, OSL became one of the first two companies to receive approval from the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong to operate cryptocurrency exchanges for retail investors.
In November 2023, BGX acquired a 30 percent stake in OSL Group.

## Operations

OSL provides services in brokerage, digital asset exchange, over-the-counter (OTC) trading, and digital asset custody. Its brokerage services include OTC and Request for Quote (RFQ) transactions, while the exchange services offer a platform for trading digital assets. In the area of custody, OSL also acts as a sub-custodian for Hong Kong spot Crypto ETFs. Additionally, through Omnibus, OSL is working with Interactive Broker and Victory Securities.
# Calamonastes

Calamonastes is a genus of birds in the family Cisticolidae. It contains African wren-warblers.

## Species

| Common Name | Scientific Name | Distribution |
| Barred wren-warbler | Calamonastes fasciolatus | Namibia, Botswana, western Angola, northern South Africa and southwestern Zimbabwe. |
| Grey wren-warbler | Calamonastes simplex | Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. |
| Stierling's wren-warbler | Calamonastes stierlingi | southern Africa. |
| Miombo wren-warbler | Calamonastes undosus | southern Africa. |
# Edward Barbour

Edward A. Barbour Jr. was an American Democratic politician and lawyer who served in the Missouri General Assembly. He served in the Missouri Senate from 1935 until 1943 and in the Missouri House of Representatives from 1923 until 1925.
Barbour was educated at public schools of Springfield, Missouri, Drury College, University of Missouri, and Washington University School of Law in St. Louis. During World War I, he served at the Adjutant General Department of Camp McArthur at Waco, Texas.
# Criodrilus

Criodrilus is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Criodrilidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and America.
Species:
* Criodrilus aidae Righi, 1994
* Criodrilus lacuum Hoffmeister, 1845
* Criodrilus miyashitai Nagase & Nomura, 1937
* Criodrilus venezuelanus Righi & Molina, 1994
# Reagan, Oklahoma

Reagan is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Johnston County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 67 as of the 2020 Census. A post office operated in Reagan from 1894 to 1931. The town was named after John Henninger Reagan who was Postmaster General of the Confederate States of America.
# La Couture, Pas-de-Calais

La Couture (French pronunciation:; West Flemish: De Kouter) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of Béthune and 18 miles (29 km) west of Lille.
# Tara Singh Ramgarhia

Tara Singh Ramgarhia was a prominent Sikh leader, a Sardar, brother of the famous Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1723–1778).

## Biography

In the late eighteenth century the Sikh domains were at their maximum extent, with territories that stretched from the Indus in the West almost as far as Delhi in the East, organized as a loose confederation of misls, or states. The Sikhs had recovered from the period of Afghan influence in the Punjab that culminated in the Wadda Ghalughara (great massacre) in 1764, a mass killing of the Sikhs by Muslims led by Ahmad Shah Abdali. After that the three Ramgarhia brothers Jassa Singh, Mali Singh and Tara Singh were forced for a while to go into hiding, but later regathered their forces and recaptured their territory.

### Siege of Batala

Jassa Singh's brothers precipitated a crisis when they attacked and made Jassa Singh Ahluwalia a prisoner when he was passing through their territory. Other Sikh rulers came to Jassa's aid. Mali Singh was driven out of Dhasua and then Batala in 1778, while Tara Singh got killed in Kalanaur. The Samadhi of Tara Singh is currently located at village Thikdiwal, few Km North of Qadian, Batala, District Gurdaspur.

### Descendants

The son of Jassa Singh, Jodh Singh, inherited his father's title in 1803. On Jodh Singh's death in 1815 a dispute broke out over the succession, with Tara Singh's son Diwan Singh one of the claimants. In order to keep the Ramgarhia's loyal, Maharaja Ranjit Singh divided up Jassa Singh Ramgarhia's estates and wealth among the claimants.