# 1991 NFL season

The 1991 NFL season was the 72nd regular season of the National Football League (NFL). It was the final season for coach Chuck Noll. The season ended with Super Bowl XXVI when the Washington Redskins defeated the Buffalo Bills, 37–24, at the Metrodome in Minnesota. This was the second of four consecutive Super Bowl losses for Buffalo.

## Player movement
### Transactions

* March 26, 1991: Ronnie Lott signs with the Los Angeles Raiders as a Plan B Free Agent.
* April 2, 1991: Roger Craig signs with the Los Angeles Raiders as a Plan B Free Agent.
* August 27: The Green Bay Packers sign punter Rick Tuten, who appeared in Super Bowl XXV with the Buffalo Bills.
* September 19: The Phoenix Cardinals sign quarterback Stan Gelbaugh, who led the London Monarchs to the World Bowl '91.
* September 19: The Philadelphia Eagles sign Wide Receiver Roy Green.
* September 21: The Pittsburgh Steelers sign quarterback Rick Strom.
* September 21: The San Diego Chargers sign Wide Receiver Yancey Thigpen.
* September 26 : The San Francisco 49ers sign Defensive End Jim Burt.

### Trades

* July 22: The Atlanta Falcons traded Defensive Tackle Tony Casillas to the Dallas Cowboys.
* August 14: The Los Angeles Raiders traded Vencie Glenn to the New Orleans Saints
* August 19: The New Orleans Saints traded Robert Massey to the Phoenix Cardinals
* August 21: The New Orleans Saints traded wide receiver Brett Perriman to the Detroit Lions
* August 27: The Green Bay Packers traded kicker Brad Daluiso to the Atlanta Falcons
* August 27: The Los Angeles Raiders traded quarterback Steve Beuerlein to the Dallas Cowboys
* August 28: The Chargers traded quarterback Billy Joe Tolliver to the Atlanta Falcons
* September 11: The Seattle Seahawks traded kicker Norm Johnson to the Atlanta Falcons.

### Retirements

* Four-time Super Bowl champion Mike Webster announced his retirement on March 11, 1991, after a 17-year career with a total of 245 games played at center.

### Draft

The 1991 NFL draft was held from April 21 to 22, 1991, at New York City's Marriott Marquis. With the first pick, the Dallas Cowboys selected defensive tackle Russell Maryland from the University of Miami.

## Officiating changes

Art McNally resigned as the league's Director of Officiating during the offseason. He had held the position since 1968. Longtime NFL referee Jerry Seeman, who worked the previous season's Super Bowl XXV, was named as McNally's replacement.
Jim Tunney retired after 31 years as an NFL official. He remains the only referee to have worked consecutive Super Bowls (XI, and XII).
Gene Barth died on October 11, 1991. For the remainder of the 1991 season, NFL officials wore a black armband on their left sleeve with the white number 14 to honor him.
Bernie Kukar, Larry Nemmers (the side judge for Super Bowl XXV), and Stan Kemp were promoted to referee to replace Barth, Seeman, and Tunney.

## Major rule changes

    Source: Total Football: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League (ISBN 0-06-270174-6). pp 1583–1592.
* The definition of a drop kick, field goal, and punt is modified: all three can only be attempted from behind the line of scrimmage.
* If a foul by a player causes an injury to an opponent, a team time out will not be charged to the penalized team anytime during the game instead of only during the last two minutes of a half/overtime.
* The game clock will not start until the next snap following any change of possession, even if the player went out of bounds.
* Officials will immediately blow the play dead when a defensive player is offsides before the snap and clearly rushes beyond the offensive line in such a way that he becomes an unabated threat to the quarterback.
* A touchback will be ruled when a player fumbles the ball in the field of play and it goes out of bounds in the opponent's end zone.
* A touchback, not a safety, will also be ruled when a player fumbles the ball in his own end zone and the opponent is the one that knocks the fumble out of bounds in the end zone.
* An offensive player cannot deliberately bat a backward pass forward.

## 1991 deaths

* Ollie Spencer
* Jimmy Strausbaugh
* Sid Youngelman

### Members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame

* Paul Brown: Brown died on August 5, 1991, at home of complications from pneumonia. A longtime coach of the Cleveland Browns and co-founder of the Cincinnati Bengals in 1968, also serving as their first coach, Brown was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967.
* Red Grange: Grange developed Parkinson's disease and died on January 28, 1991, in Lake Wales, Florida. Joining the Chicago Bears in 1925, Grange, a charter member of both the College and Pro Football Halls of Fame, also became the first person other than the game referee to toss the coin at a Super Bowl.

## Preseason
### American Bowl

A series of National Football League pre-season exhibition games that were held at sites outside the United States, a total of three games were contested.
| Date | Winning Team | Score | Losing Team | Score | Stadium | City |
| July 28, 1991 | Buffalo Bills | 17 | Philadelphia Eagles | 13 | Wembley Stadium | London |
| August 3, 1991 | San Francisco 49ers | 21 | Chicago Bears | 7 | Olympiastadion | Berlin |
| August 4, 1991 | Miami Dolphins | 19 | Los Angeles Raiders | 17 | Tokyo Dome | Tokyo |

## Regular season
### Scheduling formula

* Inter-conference
* AFC East vs NFC Central
* AFC Central vs NFC East
* AFC West vs NFC West
Highlights of the 1991 season included:
* Thanksgiving: Two games were played on Thursday, November 28, featuring Chicago at Detroit and Pittsburgh at Dallas, with Detroit and Dallas winning.

### Final standings

AFC East :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| $^{(1)}$ Buffalo Bills | 13 | 3 | 0 | .813 | 7–1 | 10–2 | 458 | 318 | L1 |
| $^{(6)}$ New York Jets | 8 | 8 | 0 | .500 | 4–4 | 6–6 | 314 | 293 | W1 |
| Miami Dolphins | 8 | 8 | 0 | .500 | 4–4 | 5–7 | 343 | 349 | L2 |
| New England Patriots | 6 | 10 | 0 | .375 | 4–4 | 5–9 | 211 | 305 | L1 |
| Indianapolis Colts | 1 | 15 | 0 | .063 | 1–7 | 1–11 | 143 | 381 | L6 |
AFC Central :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| $^{(3)}$ Houston Oilers | 11 | 5 | 0 | .688 | 5–1 | 10–2 | 386 | 251 | L1 |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | 7 | 9 | 0 | .438 | 4–2 | 7–5 | 292 | 344 | W2 |
| Cleveland Browns | 6 | 10 | 0 | .375 | 2–4 | 6–6 | 293 | 298 | L3 |
| Cincinnati Bengals | 3 | 13 | 0 | .188 | 1–5 | 2–10 | 263 | 435 | W1 |
AFC West :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| $^{(2)}$ Denver Broncos | 12 | 4 | 0 | .750 | 5–3 | 10–4 | 304 | 235 | W4 |
| $^{(4)}$ Kansas City Chiefs | 10 | 6 | 0 | .625 | 6–2 | 8–4 | 316 | 252 | W1 |
| $^{(5)}$ Los Angeles Raiders | 9 | 7 | 0 | .563 | 5–3 | 7–5 | 298 | 297 | L3 |
| Seattle Seahawks | 7 | 9 | 0 | .438 | 2–6 | 6–6 | 276 | 261 | W1 |
| San Diego Chargers | 4 | 12 | 0 | .250 | 2–6 | 3–9 | 274 | 342 | L1 |
NFC East :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| $^{(1)}$ Washington Redskins | 14 | 2 | 0 | .875 | 6–2 | 10–2 | 485 | 224 | L1 |
| $^{(5)}$ Dallas Cowboys | 11 | 5 | 0 | .688 | 5–3 | 8–4 | 342 | 310 | W5 |
| Philadelphia Eagles | 10 | 6 | 0 | .625 | 5–3 | 6–6 | 285 | 244 | W1 |
| New York Giants | 8 | 8 | 0 | .500 | 3–5 | 5–7 | 281 | 297 | W1 |
| Phoenix Cardinals | 4 | 12 | 0 | .250 | 1–7 | 3–11 | 196 | 344 | L8 |
NFC Central :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| $^{(2)}$ Detroit Lions | 12 | 4 | 0 | .750 | 6–2 | 8–4 | 339 | 295 | W6 |
| $^{(4)}$ Chicago Bears | 11 | 5 | 0 | .688 | 7–1 | 9–3 | 299 | 269 | L1 |
| Minnesota Vikings | 8 | 8 | 0 | .500 | 3–5 | 8–6 | 301 | 306 | L1 |
| Green Bay Packers | 4 | 12 | 0 | .250 | 3–5 | 3–9 | 273 | 313 | W1 |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | 3 | 13 | 0 | .188 | 1–7 | 2–10 | 199 | 365 | W1 |
NFC West :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| $^{(3)}$ New Orleans Saints | 11 | 5 | 0 | .688 | 4–2 | 8–4 | 341 | 211 | W2 |
| $^{(6)}$ Atlanta Falcons | 10 | 6 | 0 | .625 | 5–1 | 7–5 | 361 | 338 | L1 |
| San Francisco 49ers | 10 | 6 | 0 | .625 | 3–3 | 7–5 | 393 | 239 | W6 |
| Los Angeles Rams | 3 | 13 | 0 | .188 | 0–6 | 2–10 | 234 | 390 | L10 |

### Tiebreakers

* N.Y. Jets finished ahead of Miami in the AFC East based on head-to-head sweep (2–0).
* Chicago was the first NFC Wild Card based on better conference record than Dallas (9–3 to Cowboys' 8–4).
* Atlanta finished ahead of San Francisco in the NFC West based on head-to-head sweep (2–0), and was the third NFC Wild Card ahead of Philadelphia based on better conference record (7–5 to Eagles' 6–6).

## Playoffs

| Dec 29 – Soldier Field | Dec 29 – Soldier Field | Dec 29 – Soldier Field | Jan 5 – Pontiac Silverdome | Jan 5 – Pontiac Silverdome | Jan 5 – Pontiac Silverdome | | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Dallas | 17 | Jan 5 – Pontiac Silverdome | Jan 5 – Pontiac Silverdome | Jan 5 – Pontiac Silverdome | | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Dallas | 17 | 5 | Dallas | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Chicago | 13 | 5 | Dallas | 6 | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Chicago | 13 | 2 | Detroit | 38 | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | | | | | |
| | | | NFC | NFC | NFC | | | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | Jan 12 – RFK Stadium | | | | | |
| Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | NFC | NFC | NFC | 2 | Detroit | 10 | | | | | |
| Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | | | 2 | Detroit | 10 | | | | | |
| Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | Dec 28 – Louisiana Superdome | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | 1 | Washington | 41 | | | | | |
| 6 | Atlanta | 27 | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | Jan 4 – RFK Stadium | NFC Championship | NFC Championship | NFC Championship | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Atlanta | 27 | 6 | Atlanta | 7 | NFC Championship | NFC Championship | NFC Championship | | | | | |
| 3 | New Orleans | 20 | 6 | Atlanta | 7 | NFC Championship | NFC Championship | NFC Championship | | | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome |
| 3 | New Orleans | 20 | 1 | Washington | 24 | NFC Championship | NFC Championship | NFC Championship | | | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome |
| Wild Card playoffs | Wild Card playoffs | Wild Card playoffs | 1 | Washington | 24 | | | | | | | | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome |
| Wild Card playoffs | Wild Card playoffs | Wild Card playoffs | Divisional playoffs | Divisional playoffs | Divisional playoffs | | | | | | | | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | Jan 26 – Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome |
| Dec 29 – Astrodome | Dec 29 – Astrodome | Dec 29 – Astrodome | Divisional playoffs | Divisional playoffs | Divisional playoffs | | | | | | N1 | Washington | 37 |
| Dec 29 – Astrodome | Dec 29 – Astrodome | Dec 29 – Astrodome | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | | | | | | | | N1 | Washington | 37 |
| Dec 29 – Astrodome | Dec 29 – Astrodome | Dec 29 – Astrodome | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | | | | | | A1 | Buffalo | 24 |
| 6 | NY Jets | 10 | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | Jan 4 – Mile High Stadium | | | | | | Super Bowl XXVI | Super Bowl XXVI | Super Bowl XXVI |
| 6 | NY Jets | 10 | 3 | Houston | 24 | | | | | | Super Bowl XXVI | Super Bowl XXVI | Super Bowl XXVI |
| 3 | Houston | 17 | 3 | Houston | 24 | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | | | | | Super Bowl XXVI | Super Bowl XXVI | Super Bowl XXVI |
| 3 | Houston | 17 | 2 | Denver | 26 | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | | | Super Bowl XXVI | Super Bowl XXVI | Super Bowl XXVI |
| | | | AFC | AFC | AFC | | | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | Jan 12 – Rich Stadium | | |
| Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | AFC | AFC | AFC | 2 | Denver | 7 | | |
| Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | | | 2 | Denver | 7 | | |
| Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | Dec 28 – Arrowhead Stadium | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | 1 | Buffalo | 10 | | |
| 5 | LA Raiders | 6 | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | Jan 5 – Rich Stadium | AFC Championship | AFC Championship | AFC Championship | | | | |
| 5 | LA Raiders | 6 | 4 | Kansas City | 14 | AFC Championship | AFC Championship | AFC Championship | | |
| 4 | Kansas City | 10 | 4 | Kansas City | 14 | AFC Championship | AFC Championship | AFC Championship | | | | |
| 4 | Kansas City | 10 | 1 | Buffalo | 37 | AFC Championship | AFC Championship | AFC Championship | | | | |
* view
* talk

## Records, milestones, and notable statistics
### Week 8

* October 21: James Lofton became the oldest player to record 200 yards receiving as well as 200 yards from scrimmage in a game (35 years, 108 days), as the Buffalo Bills defeated the Cincinnati Bengals by a 35–16 final.

## Awards

| Most Valuable Player | Thurman Thomas, running back, Buffalo |
| Coach of the Year | Wayne Fontes, Detroit |
| Offensive Player of the Year | Thurman Thomas, running back, Buffalo |
| Defensive Player of the Year | Pat Swilling, linebacker, New Orleans |
| Offensive Rookie of the Year | Leonard Russell, running back, New England |
| Defensive Rookie of the Year | Mike Croel, linebacker, Denver |
| NFL Comeback Player of the Year | Jim McMahon, quarterback, Philadelphia |
| NFL Man of the Year | Anthony Muñoz, offensive tackle, Cincinnati |
| Super Bowl Most Valuable Player | Mark Rypien, quarterback, Washington |

## Coaching changes
### Offseason

* Cleveland Browns: Bill Belichick was named the permanent replacement, after Bud Carson was fired after the first nine games of 1990, and Jim Shofner served as interim for the final seven games.
* New England Patriots: Dick MacPherson replaced the fired Rod Rust.
* New York Giants: Bill Parcells resigned following the team's Super Bowl XXV victory and was replaced by Ray Handley.
* Philadelphia Eagles: Rich Kotite was hired after the team opted to not renew Buddy Ryan's contract.
* Tampa Bay Buccaneers: Richard Williamson became the permanent head coach, after serving as interim for the final three games of 1990 following the firing of Ray Perkins.

### In-season

* Indianapolis Colts: Ron Meyer was fired after five games, and Rick Venturi then served as interim for the final 11 games.

## Uniform changes

* The NFL shield was added to the yoke of the jerseys and the left thigh of the pants. The NFL shield was also added to the right breast of the officiating uniforms.
* The New England Patriots switched from white face masks to red.
* The Washington Redskins switched from big block numbers to skinnier font size numbers.
* The San Francisco 49ers removed the white stripes on its red socks, making them solid red.
** Just before the start of training camp, owner Eddie DeBartolo unveiled a new helmet logo with "49ers" in a modern font, replacing the interlocking "SF" which had been on the team's helmets since 1962. After severe fan backlash, DeBartolo reversed course two days later.

## Television

This was the second year under the league's four-year broadcast contracts with ABC, CBS, NBC, TNT, and ESPN. ABC, CBS, and NBC continued to televise Monday Night Football, the NFC package, the AFC package, respectively. Sunday night games aired on TNT during the first half of the season, and ESPN during the second half of the season.