# OpenSilver Framework

OpenSilver is an open-source framework designed to facilitate the development of rich internet applications (RIAs) using C# and XAML. It was developed as a successor to Microsoft Silverlight, enabling developers to migrate existing Silverlight applications to the web without rewriting their codebase. This framework is built on current web standards, including HTML5, CSS3, and WebAssembly, ensuring broad compatibility across modern web browsers regardless of the operating system without requiring plugins.
OpenSilver is a community-driven project that is freely available for anyone to use, modify, or improve. It operates under the MIT license. It is compatible with Microsoft's .NET platform, allowing developers to use C#, VB.NET, F#, and XAML for application development, thereby maintaining a familiar development experience for those from a Silverlight or WPF background. Over the past two years, OpenSilver's release 2.2 has positioned itself as an advanced web framework designed for line-of-business applications.
Until the end of 2024, the major release 3.0 and the latest stable version 3.1 bring several key features such as XAML designer for Visual Studio Code, improvements of WPF support, and support for .NET 9.

## History

In 2014, Userware, founded in 2007 and led by Giovanni Albani, launched CSHTML5, a precursor to becoming OpenSilver. This initiative began efforts to provide a contemporary alternative to Microsoft Silverlight in 2020, focusing on open-source development. As technology progressed and the need for modern web application frameworks grew, CSHTML5 evolved, culminating in the creation of OpenSilver 1.0 in October 2021. OpenSilver aimed to seamlessly integrate Silverlight's legacy capabilities with the demands of modern web development.
The inception of OpenSilver was motivated by the discontinuation of Silverlight and the need for a robust solution that allows legacy Silverlight applications to continue functioning in a modern web environment. By providing a path forward for these applications, OpenSilver helps preserve the investment made in Silverlight-based projects while taking advantage of the advancements in web technology.

## Version history and milestones

| Version | Release Date | Notes |
| Technology Preview | March 9, 2020 | / |
| Beta | September 13, 2021 | / |
| 1.0 | October 12, 2021 | / |
| 1.1 | October 4, 2022 | Support for third-party libraries, including Telerik UI for Silverlight. |
| 2.0 | October 16, 2023 | Support for the VB.NET programming language. |
| 2.1 | February 6, 2024 | Support for the F# programming language and integration of the Microsoft Silverlight Toolkit. |
| 2.2 | April 23, 2024 | Support for Visual Studio LightSwitch. |
| 3.0 | July 10, 2024 | AI-powered XAML designer and supports Windows, Linux, and Mac. OpenSilver CLI. |
| 3.1 | December 10, 2024 | XAML designer for Visual Studio Code, improvements of WPF support, new UI theme, and .NET 9 support. |

## Technology

OpenSilver integrates three main components:
* Compiler - Converts XAML into C# equivalents and copies resources, such as images, to the output folder.
* Runtime - Bridges the HTML DOM and the XAML code.
* Simulator - Allows developers to debug OpenSilver web applications like desktop applications.
OpenSilver's foundation is its ability to take .NET assemblies and XAML files (the building blocks of Silverlight applications) as input and use Blazor to compile them in WebAssembly.

### Compilation process

* XAML to C# conversion - Converts XAML files into C# classes, preserving the layout and styling of Silverlight applications.
* .NET to WebAssembly execution - NET assemblies, which include C#, VB.NET, and F# code, can execute in web browsers through two primary modes supported by Mono for WebAssembly: interpreter mode and Ahead-of-Time (AOT) compilation.

### Runtime environment

* WebAssembly Runtime - The compiled code runs within the browser's WebAssembly runtime, generating HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to render the application.
* JavaScript Interoperability - A JavaScript layer bridges WebAssembly and the browser's native functions, allowing access to browser APIs that are not directly accessible via WebAssembly.
* HTML/CSS Renderer - The browser renders the converted HTML and CSS, including the visual layout, styles, and interactive elements defined in the original XAML.

### Development and debugging

* Facilitate development and testing - The simulator provides a robust and accurate environment mimicking Silverlight's behavior, aiding the transition from Silverlight to OpenSilver.

### High-level architecture of OpenSilver

* Blazor web app (C#) - The entry point creates an OpenSilver application instance and runs the code in WebAssembly.
* OpenSilver app (C#, VB, F#, and XAML) - Integrates several mechanisms to run converted Silverlight applications on standard web technologies in modern browsers without plugins.

## Development tools

OpenSilver offers development tools and a software development kit (SDK) to aid application development. These tools include Visual Studio project templates and the OpenSilver Simulator, simplifying the workflow for developers accustomed to Silverlight or .NET environments.

### Supported IDE

| Product name | Code name | Version number | .NET Framework | .NET (formerly .NET Core) |
| Visual Studio 2019 | Dev16 | 16.0 | Only to run the OpenSilver simulator application | 6.0 |
| Visual Studio 2022 | Dev17 | 17.0 | Only to run the OpenSilver simulator application | 6.0, 7.0, Recommended: 8.0, 9.0 |

### Supported coding editors

| Product name | Operating System | .NET (formerly .NET Core) |
| Visual Studio Code | Windows, Linux, MacOS | 7.0, Recommended: 8.0, 9.0 |
NOTE: OpenSilver CLI is supported since OpenSilver 3.0. It allows the creation and manipulation of OpenSilver projects with Command-line interface, which makes it convenient for users to use their preferred code editors for software development.

## Licensing

OpenSilver is licensed under the MIT License, which allows users to freely use, modify, distribute, and sell the software as long as they include the original copyright and permission notices.