OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Floristic Quality Assessment

Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) is a tool used in the United States to assess an area's ecological integrity based on its plant species composition. Floristic Quality Assessment was originally developed in order to assess the likelihood that impacts to an area "would be irreversible or irretrievable...to make standard comparisons among various open land areas, to set conservation priorities, and to monitor site management or restoration efforts." The concept was developed by Gerould Wilhelm in the 1970s in a report on the natural lands of Kane County, Illinois. In 1979 Wilhelm and Floyd Swink codified this "scoring system" for the 22-county Chicago Region.

## Coefficient of conservatism

Each plant species in a region is assigned a coefficient of conservatism, also known as a C-value, ranging between 0 and 10. A plant species with a higher score (e.g. 10) has a lower tolerance to environmental degradation such as overgrazing or development and therefore is naturally restricted to undisturbed, remnant habitats. Non-native plants are either assigned a C-value of 0 or are excluded from assessments. In the Chicago Region, 84% of the native plant species have a C-value of 4 or greater. Plants with a C-value of 4 or greater rarely naturally move from a remnant area to surrounding degraded land. For example, the federally endangered Dalea foliosa has a C-value of 10.
C-values are assigned within specific ecological and geographic regions by botanical experts familiar with the species' autecology within the respective regions. As of February 2018, there were more than 50 different FQA databases ranging from the Gulf Coastal Plain to western Washington, though most databases represented regions in the eastern and central United States and Canada.
The mean C-value (${\bar {C}}$) is calculated based on an inventory of plants. An area with a native mean C-value of 3.5 or higher likely has "sufficient floristic quality to be of at least marginal natural area quality." Remnant natural areas with mean C-values of 4.0 or greater are unmitigable.

## Floristic Quality Index

The Floristic Quality Index (FQI, or Rating Index according to Swink and Wilhelm$^{:855}$) is calculated by multiplying the mean C value by the square root of the total number of species:
${\bar {C}}{\sqrt {n}}$
For example, the FQI for Nelson Lake Marsh was 78 in 1994$^{:186}$ and that for Russell R. Kirt Prairie was about 30 in 1999.
# Vyšné Valice

Vyšné Valice (Hungarian: Felsővály) is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.
# Bauer Sharp

Bauer Sharp is an American college football tight end who most recently played for the Oklahoma Sooners. He previously played for the Southeastern Louisiana Lions. He's currently slated to join the LSU Tigers in 2025.

## Early life

Sharp and grew up in Dothan, Alabama and initially attended Northside Methodist Academy, where he played quarterback. After his sophomore year he transferred to Dothan High School. Sharp passed for 1,082 yards and eight touchdowns as a senior. He committed to play college football at Southeastern Louisiana.

## College career
### Southeastern Louisiana

Sharp redshirted his true freshman season with the Southeastern Louisiana Lions. He caught 11 passes for 78 yards and one touchdown while also rushing ten times for 83 yards at quarterback in the wildcat formation. Sharp was named first team All-Southland Conference as a redshirt sophomore after catching 29 passes for 288 yards and three touchdowns and rushing for 133 yards and five touchdowns on 25 carries. Following the end of the season, he entered the NCAA transfer portal.

### Oklahoma

Bauer transferred to Oklahoma. He entered his first season with the Sooners as the team's starting tight end.
On December 7, 2024, Sharp announced that he would enter the transfer portal for the second time.

### LSU

On December 13, 2024, Sharp announced that he would transfer to LSU.
# Gregory Domingo

Gregory L. Domingo is a Filipino business executive who served as Secretary of Trade and Industry under the administration of President Benigno Aquino III.

## Background

Before being appointed to the Trade and Industry secretary post, he was the executive director of SM Investments Corporation.

## DTI Secretary

President Benigno Aquino III expects Domingo to generate more jobs for the Filipino people under his administration. He is expected to be a one-year appointee only since defeated vice presidential candidate Mar Roxas will take over his post.
# Chart Korbjitti

Chart Korbjitti (Thai: ชาติ กอบจิตติ; RTGS: Chat Kopchitti; born 25 June 1954) is a Thai writer.
He first came to prominence with the publication of his novel Khamphiphaksa (The Judgment) in 1981. Named as Book of the Year by Thailand's Literature Council, the book won him the S.E.A. Write Award. He received a second S.E.A. Write Award in 1994 for Wela (Time). He was named a National Artist in Literature in 2004, and was among the honorees of the inaugural Silpathorn Award, given to Thai contemporary artists.

## Biography

Chart was born in the Khlong Sunak Hon area of Samut Sakhon province. In 1969, at the age of 15, he published his first short story, Nak Rian Nak Leng, in a school publication at Wat Pathum Khong Kha School.
His story Phu Phae won the Cho Karaket short story award in 1979 from Lok Nangsue magazine.
He has established himself as a full-time writer, stating, "I choose to be a writer. I give it my whole life. I have traded my whole life for it."
He has founded the publishing house Samnakphim Hon (Howling Books), which publishes all of his work.

## Work

Chart's books, in order of original publication date:
* Thang Chana (ทางชนะ; 1979) novella, ISBN 974-90552-9-2
* Chon Trok (จนตรอก; 1980), novella, ISBN 974-90565-9-0
** Published in English in 2003 as No Way Out, ISBN 974-91385-1-1
* Khamphiphaksa (คำพิพากษา; 1981), novel, ISBN 974-91957-9-5
** Published in English in 1995 as The Judgment, ISBN 974-89330-0-8
* Rueang Thamada (เรื่องธรรมดา; 1983), novella, ISBN 974-93281-4-0
** Published in English in 2010 as An Ordinary Story, ISBN 978-616-90474-2-1
* Mit Pracham Tua (มีดประจำตัว; 1984), collected short stories 1, ISBN 974-93957-4-3
* Ma Nao Loi Nam (หมาเน่าลอยน้ำ; 1987), novella, ISBN 974-211-079-4
* Phan Ma Ba (พันธุ์หมาบ้า; 1988), novel, ISBN 974-92246-3-9
** Published in English in 2002 as Mad Dogs & Co., ISBN 974-90553-5-7
* Nakhon Mai Pen Rai (นครไม่เป็นไร; 1989), collected short stories 2, ISBN 974-90553-2-2
* Wela (เวลา; 1993), novel, ISBN 974-90566-1-2
** Published in English in 2000 as Time, ISBN 974-85827-7-9
* Banthuek: Banthuek Rueang Rao Rai Sara Khong Chiwit (บันทึก: บันทึกเรื่องราวไร้สาระของชีวิต; 1996), essays, ISBN 974-93095-7-X
* Raingan Thueng Phanathan Nayok Ratthamontri (รายงานถึง ฯพณฯ นายกรัฐมนตรี; 1996), novella, ISBN 974-90553-1-4
* Lom Long (ลมหลง; 2000), screenplay, ISBN 974-211-107-3
* Ple Yuan Tai Ton Nun (เปลญวนใต้ต้นนุ่น; 2003), collected articles from Si San magazine 1999-2003, ISBN 974-91640-9-1
* Borikan Rap Nuat Na (บริการรับนวดหน้า; 2005), collected short stories 3, ISBN 974-92921-0-3
* Lorm Wong Khui (ล้อมวงคุย; 2008), collected articles from Si San magazine 2005-2007, ISBN 978-974-05-0932-5

## Adaptations

* Khamphiphaksa was made into a Thai film called Ai-Fak in 2004.
# Usni Pramoj

Admiral Mom Luang Usni Pramoj (Thai: อัศนี ปราโมช RTGS: Atsani Pramot; 1 July 1934 – 2 April 2017) was a Thai musician and courtier.

## Education

Usni was the son of Mom Rajawongse Seni Pramoj, twice Prime Minister and one of the major political figures of 20th-century Thai history, and Khunying Usana Pramoj Na Ayutthaya. In his youth he attended Bangkok Christian College before studying law at the University of Oxford. He then studied for the Bar at the Gray's Inn, qualifying as a barrister.

## Government career

A lawyer by profession, Usni began his career as a judge advocate in the Ministry of Defence. In 1968 he was appointed as Manager of H.M. the King's Private Property Office (part of the Crown Property Bureau). He served as Privy Councillor to two Thai kings for over three decades, from 1984 to 2016. He was an honorary Admiral of the Royal Thai Navy.

## Musical career

Usni was a distinguished a violinist and composer who founded the Bangkok Symphony Orchestra and was twice named a National Artist of Thailand.
# Dwight Lago

Dwight Lago, is a retired Filipino professional basketball player. He is the older brother of Elmer Lago.

## Playing career

A former La Salle Green Archer, Lago was drafted in 1993.
He played for Purefoods, Mobiline, Alaska, Pop Cola, and San Miguel in his PBA days.
# Mark Dawson (footballer)

Mark Dawson (born 22 August 1953) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s.
Dawson was recruited to North Melbourne from St Dominic's and struggled to make regular appearances in the seniors due to the quality within the side. He had his best year in 1976 when he kicked 26 goals and was a rover in the 1976 VFL Grand Final loss to Hawthorn. Despite playing in the winning 1978 Preliminary Final team he was dropped for the Grand Final and never played VFL football again.
After turning down an offer from South Australian National Football League (SANFL) club Woodville Football Club, Dawson was traded by North Melbourne to fellow SANFL club Port Adelaide in 1979 in return for Russell Ebert.
# Patrick McWalter

Patrick "Padge" McWalter (born 6 January 1984), is a retired footballer who played with League of Ireland side UCD. In his spell at UCD his versatility has been put to use seeing him deployed in a number of positions at left wing, right wing and up front. Though not prolific in his role as striker Pat finished as UCD's top scorer in the league in 2005. He also had the misfortune of scoring an own goal in UCD's League Cup final defeat to Derry City that year. McWalter picked up a serious cruciate knee ligament injury at the end of the 2006 season and spent most of the 2007 season recovering. He managed to stage a comeback a few months before the season's end and began the 2008 season as UCD's first choice left winger.
McWalter left UCD at the end of the 2008 season to concentrate solely on playing Gaelic football for the Wicklow county team. He taught in Blackrock College for the year of 08/09. He taught History and Geography and left the school after 1 year. He currently teaches in Avondale Community College in Rathdrum.

## Career statistics

Club performance :
| Club | Season | League | League | FAI Cup | FAI Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | App | Goals | App | Goals | App | Goals | App | Goals |
| UCD AFC | 2008 | 33 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 2 |
| UCD AFC | 2007 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| UCD AFC | 2006 | 25 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 5 |
| UCD AFC | 2005 | 33 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 40 | 9 |
| UCD AFC | 2004 | 29 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 34 | 8 |
| UCD AFC | 2003 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| Total | | 144 | 22 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 164 | 26 |

## GAA career

McWalter played an instrumental role in his club St Patrick's run to the county football final of 2008. Lining out at centre back in the final, his team were defeated but McWalter picked up the man of the match accolade. As a result of these performances, he was called up to the senior panel for 2009. His impact was immediate and he played a starring role in Wicklow's championship run to the last 12 of the All-Ireland series. His form continued into 2010 and while he was having a great game against Carlow in a Leinster Championship game. He suffered a serious injury to his kneecap which will see him out of action for some time.
# British Rail Class 397

The British Rail Class 397 Civity is a class of electric multiple unit built by Spanish rolling stock manufacturer CAF for lease to TransPennine Express by Eversholt Rail Group. A total of twelve five-car units were built to operate services on TransPennine North West services between Liverpool Lime Street/Manchester Airport and Edinburgh Waverley/Glasgow Central.
TransPennine Express has branded all of their new fleet under the general name Nova, with the Class 397 units branded as Nova 2. The first unit entered service on 30 November 2019.

## History

The announcement of new trains was made by FirstGroup when it was confirmed that they would become the next operator of the TransPennine Express franchise from 1 April 2016. In May 2016 it was announced by TransPennine Express that they had ordered 12 five-car electric multiple units from CAF to replace the fleet of ten four-car Class 350/4 Desiro units which previously operated TransPennine Express services between Liverpool, Manchester and Scotland.
Testing of the first set began at the Velim railway test circuit in July 2018.
An option for up to 22 extra units was available to TransPennine Express, but it was not exercised.
In May 2023, 397011 received special Eurovision branding to celebrate the event taking place in Liverpool.

## Operation

The Nova 2 was launched officially by TPE at Liverpool Lime Street with other members of the Nova fleet. The first unit entered passenger service on 30 November 2019.

## Fleet details

| Class | Operator | Quantity | Year built | Cars per unit | Unit nos. |
| 397 | TransPennine Express | 12 | 2017–2019 | 5 | 397001–397012 |
The units were designed as an intercity train. This included the addition of single doors at the ends of the coach, a maximum speed of 125 mph (201 km/h) and first class with catering provision from the on-board galley kitchen. Wi-Fi and seat reservations are also available on the train. These trains were also awarded the Golden Spanner Award for maintenance reliability.

### Named trains

TPE Class 397 units with special names or liveries :
| Unit number | Date | Name |
| 397011 | 3 May 2023 | Eurovision 2023 / Welcome to Liverpool |
# Bykea

Bykea, stylized as BYKEA, is a Pakistani ride-hailing service and parcel delivery company based in Karachi. It was founded by Muneeb Maayr in 2016.

## History

Bykea was started in December 2016 in Karachi, Pakistan. The company currently operates in four Pakistani cities: Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, & Rawalpindi.
In 2018, Bykea partnered with Jazz, a Pakistan-based digital communications company, to provide enhanced digital connectivity and efficiency to users. In 2018, Bykea and MJSF (Mahvash and Jahangir Siddiqui Foundation) joined for the Bikers Support Scheme.
In 2019, Bykea raised $5.7 million in series A funding from local and international institutions.
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, Bykea had secured a $13 million investment. However, due to the government's ban on pillion riding to combat the virus, investors reneged on the deal.

## Services

Bykea enables a crowdsourced network of motorbike owners to transport people, parcels, on-demand shopping, and payments within a city.
In early 2022, Bykea added rickshaws. In mid-2022, they started offering AC and non-AC in their ride-hailing service.
# Tabun (song)

"Tabun" (たぶん, "Probably") is a song by Japanese duo Yoasobi from their debut EP, The Book (2021). It was released as a single on July 20, 2020, through Sony Music Entertainment Japan. The song was based on the short story of the same name by Shinano, won the Yoasobi Contest Vol. 1. A middle tempo song, it depicts a couple breaking up in the morning. The song also featured on the film, Tabun, based on the same story.
The English version of the song, titled "Haven't", was included on the duo's first English-language EP E-Side, released on November 12, 2021. The song went viral on TikTok in 2022 through its using in artificial intelligence manga filter.

## Credits and personnel

* Ayase – songwriter, producer
* Ikura – vocals
* Rockwell – guitar
* Shinano – based story writer
* Takayuki Saitō – vocal recording
* Masahiko Fukui – mixing
* Hidekazu Sakai – mastering
* Saho Nanjō – music video animation, cover artwork design

## Charts
### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Tabun" :
| Chart (2020–2021) | Peak position |
| Global Excl. US (Billboard) | 139 |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 15 |
| Japan Combined Singles (Oricon) | 11 |

### Year-end charts

2020 year-end chart performance for "Tabun" :
| Chart (2020) | Position |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 89 |
2021 year-end chart performance for "Tabun" :
| Chart (2021) | Position |
| Japan (Japan Hot 100) | 59 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Tabun" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Gold | 100,000$^*$ |
| Streaming |||
| Japan (RIAJ) | 2× Platinum | 200,000,000$^†$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^†$ Streaming-only figures based on certification alone. |||

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Tabun" :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| Various | July 20, 2020 | Digital downloadstreaming | Sony Japan | |
# Battle Creek (Milk River tributary)

Battle Creek is a river that begins in the south-eastern region of the Canadian province of Alberta, near the border with Saskatchewan, in the Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park. From Alberta, Battle Creek flows east and across the border into Saskatchewan. It flows south out of Saskatchewan across the Canada–United States border into Montana, where it joins the Milk River in Blaine County, Montana.

## Description

Battle Creek begins in the Cypress Hills and Palliser's Triangle region of Alberta, is 203 kilometres (126 mi) long, has a drainage area of 2,600 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi), and flows through Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Montana en route to its mouth at the Milk River. The landscape it runs though is semi-arid with rolling hills, deep-cut valleys, coulees, badlands, and grasslands. Due to the semi-arid climate, the area is prone to drought so several dams and irrigation projects have been built in its watershed. In the 1930s, two notable dam projects were built to help regulate the river's water levels. Near the headwaters of Battle Creek, a dam was built along Adams Creek – a tributary of Battle Creek – that created Adams Lake (49°39′30″N 109°50′44″W﻿ / ﻿49.6582°N 109.8455°W﻿ / 49.6582; -109.8455). During the dry months, water can be released from Adams Lake to help prevent Battle Creek from dying up, which allows for irrigation throughout the growing season. Another project involved the building of two dams that created Cypress Lake. Cypress Lake, while not along the course of Battle Creek, is supplied by Battle Creek plus other nearby creeks. Cypress Lake is an interbasin transfer reservoir as it is the source of the Frenchman River and can re-supply Battle Creek during dry years.
Battle Creek and the other tributaries of the Milk River watershed in Alberta and Saskatchewan, is one of only three watersheds in Canada where the water ultimately flows into the Gulf of Mexico. The other two watersheds are Poplar River and Big Muddy Creek.
Near the community of Nashlyn in Saskatchewan, Battle Creek flows through a portion of the Govenlock-Nashlyn-Battle Creek Grasslands Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada.
Fort Walsh was established on the river on the Saskatchewan side of Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park.

## Fish species

Fish species commonly found in the river include northern pike, rainbow trout, brook trout, brown trout, burbot, common carp, white sucker, and shorthead redhorse. The Battle Creek, along with Lake Diefenbaker, are the only two bodies of water in Saskatchewan that support a reproducing population of rainbow trout. There is concern that Asian carp, particularly silver carp, may spread up the river and to the other south flowing rivers that drain into the Milk River, such as the Frenchman River.
# Isidro Ayora

Isidro Ramon Antonio Ayora Cueva (31 August 1879 – 22 March 1978) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the 22nd President of Ecuador from 1926 to 1931. Isidro Ayora, a town in Guayas, and Puerto Ayora, are named after him. Some people name coins ayora because they were introduced by him.
Upon his death in 1978 at age 98, Ayora was the longest-living Ecuadorian president. His record was surpassed by Guillermo Rodríguez in 2023 when Rodríguez turned 100.

## Honours

* 1930: Grand Cordon in the Order of Leopold.
# Kavilok

Kavilok (Gujarati: કવિલોક), a publication of Kavilok Trust, is a Gujarati language bimonthly poetry journal published in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The current editor is Dhiru Parikh and co-editor is Praful Raval.

## History

The Kavilok poetry journal was founded by Rajendra Shah in 1957. The first issue of the journal was published in Mumbai in crown size under the editorship of Rajendra Shah, Suresh Dalal and Jashubhai Shah. From the 32nd issue, Jayant Parekh replaced Jashubhai Shah as an editor. From the 37th to the 66th issue, Priyakant Maniar served as editor with Jayant Parekh. In January 1970, the 73rd issue was published in Ahmedabad in foolscap size. The editors were Bachubhai Ravat and Rajendra Shah. After the journal moved to Ahmedabad, Niranjan Bhagat also served as an editor for approximately one year. Since 1977, the journal has been edited by Dhiru Parikh. From 2004 to 2006, Ashok Chavda served as a co-editor. Praful Raval is currently co-editor of the journal.

## Content

The journal publishes poetry, translations of world poetry, reviews and criticisms of poetry, and biographical articles about poets.

## Special issues

* Mahakavya Visheshank (1982; Translation and discussion of major epics of the world)
* Panchmahakavya Visheshank (1983; Criticism of Sanskrit epics)
* Gadyakavya Visheshank (1984; Discussion of prose poems of Gujarati literature and World literature)
* T.S Eliot Visheshank (1988; Poet T.S Eliot)
# Durham (CDP), Connecticut

Durham is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the primary village and surrounding development in the town of Durham, Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. It is in the central and northeastern portions of the town, bordered to the north by the town of Middlefield and the city of Middletown. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 3,771, out of 7,152 in the entire town of Durham.

## Historic District

The Main Street Historic District occupies 160 acres (0.65 km$^2$) at the center of the community.