OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Bosco Marengo

The Battle of Bosco Marengo (aka Battle of Frascata) was fought in the autumn of 1447.
The Duke of Orleans, Charles I, son of Valentina Visconti, laid claim to the Duchy of Milan and dispatched an army from the Dauphiné and Lyonais under Renaud du Dresnay into Lombardy. The Golden Ambrosian Republic responded and dispatched a total of 3,700 troops under Colleoni to Alessandria. At Bosco Marengo, battle was joined and the French suffered a complete defeat with their general Renaud du Dresnay being captured and later ransomed for 14,000 'couronnes'.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 4 Beck, Jakob Christoph (1742). Neu-vermehrtes Historisch- und Geographisches Allgemeines Lexicon. Basel.
* ↑ Simonde de Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Léonard (1831). Histoire des Français: Vol.13. Paris.
* 1 2 3 Moreri, Louis (1759). Le grand dictionnaire historique, ou Le mélange curieux de l'histoire sacrée et profane: Vol.3 (PDF). Paris.
* ↑ Samaran, Charles (1919). Dépêches des ambassadeurs milanais en France sous Louis XI et François Sforza: Vol.2. Paris.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* 1 2 3 4 Ersch, Johann Samuel (1834). Allgemeine Encyklopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste. Leipzig.
* 1 2 3 4 Corio, Bernardino (1646). L'historia di Milano. Padua.
* ↑ Leo, Heinrich (1829). Geschichte von Italien: Vol.III. Hamburg.
* 1 2 Protonotari, Francisco (1923). Nuova antologia: Vol.308-309. Rome.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* 1 2 Société d'histoire générale et d'histoire diplomatique (1888). Revue d'histoire diplomatique: Vol.2. Paris.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* 1 2 3 4 Rogers, Clifford (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Vol.1. Oxford University Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* 1 2 3 Pieri, Piero (1971). Il Rinascimento e la crisi militare italiana. Turin.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* ↑ Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien (1856). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Vol.20. Vienna.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* ↑ Courcelles, Jean B. (1829). Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France: Vol.10. Paris.
# Potters Crouch

Potters Crouch is a small hamlet in Hertfordshire, England, south-west of St Albans near Chiswell Green. It is in the civil parish of St Michael.

## History

It is believed by historians that the area around Potters Crouch was originally a part of the Roman Britain town of Verulamium following evidence of 1st century AD Roman debris being found in the area. The name of Potters Crouch is believed to have originated in the 13th century as the home of a potter working in the area. It is speculated that this potter was Richard Le Pottere, who was succeeded by his son William Pottere in the trade. In 1344, it was referred to as Le Pottercrouch. The village was originally owned by the Earls of Verulam until 1931 when it was handed over to The Crown and managed as part of The Crown Estates.
Since 1977, Potters Crouch and its surrounding area was formally designated a conservation area by St Albans City and District council. The village is served by the M1 motorway. In 2012, it was revealed that Potters Crouch had a problem with water pressure following a fire in the same year whereby the Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service required use of the local water supply, which led to a lower quality of water services provided to local houses.

## Pub

Potters Crouch has a pub, the Holly Bush, which was constructed in the 17th century. It became a grade II listed building in 1981. The pub has been featured in the Good Pub Guide several times as well as in other pub guides, which have also promoted visiting Potters Crouch.
# John Smith Hollins

John Smith Hollins (c. 1786 – November 28, 1856) was Mayor of Baltimore from 1852 to 1854.

## War of 1812

During the War of 1812, at about 26 years of age, John Smith Hollins served as a first lieutenant in the company of Captain Sterrett, also known as the First Baltimore Hussars, which formed a part of the Fifth Maryland Cavalry. This unit served during the Battle of Baltimore from September 12–13, 1814.

## Mayor of Baltimore

John Smith Hollins served as Mayor of Baltimore from November 8, 1852, to November 13, 1854. During his tenure as Mayor, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was completed to the Ohio River, and a loan of five million dollars, by the municipality to this company, was authorized by Act of Assembly.
In consequence of the political separation of Baltimore City and Baltimore County, a division of the City and County Courthouse and Almshouse properties was made. Ordinances were passed providing for the erection of the Hanover Market House, and eight school buildings, as well as for bridges across Jones Falls Canton Avenue, at Eager Street and at Swann Street. Large sewers were placed in the bed of Broadway from Monument to Gay Streets. Culverts were built for Chatsworth Run at its intersections with German (Redwood) Street and at St. Peter Street.
A sewer was completed along the course of the Run through Penn Street from Pratt to Haw Streets. Provision was made for leasing lots of ground now occupied by part of the City Hall, and also for the purchase of the site of Madison Square, and an addition to Riverside Park. Legislation to open Fulton Avenue from Franklin to Pratt Streets was passed. An Act of Assembly authorizing the erection of a dam at Loch Raven for the water supply of Baltimore was approved. A market house to replace one destroyed by fire, at Fells Point, foot of Broadway, was built.

## Family life

Hollins married Rebecca Dugan, the daughter of a wealthy businessman and planter Cumberland Dugan, who died on 1 November 1836. In 1848, Rebecca, his daughter, became involved in prolonged litigation with her brother Frederick James Dugan who contested the terms of their late father's will; the case of Dugan-v-Hollins et al.
Hollins died on November 28, 1856.
# Imías Formation

The Imías Formation is a geologic formation in Cuba. It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene period.

## Fossil content

* Decapoda indet.
# Volkswagen Sarajevo

Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. is an automobile manufacturer with headquarters in Vogošća, a northern suburb of Sarajevo. The company, which is majority-owned by the Volkswagen group, is a successor to the automobile plant Tvornica Automobila Sarajevo, which operated at the same location from 1972 to 1992 and in which Volkswagen held a 49% stake. The plant mainly produces containers for automobile production.
The vehicle production, which existed between 1998 and 2008, was terminated due to the abolition of the tariffs between the EU and Bosnia and Herzegovina that existed until then. An electric van has been manufactured in the factory since 2009. Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. became a chassis components factory since 2011, with the factory focus also shifting towards production of special structures for the transport of parts.

## Products
### Current

The main products of the plant include stub axle, ring gears, wheel hubs and wheel flanges.

### Former

* Volkswagen Buba
* Volkswagen Caddy Mk1
* Volkswagen Golf Mk1
* Volkswagen Golf Mk2
* Volkswagen Golf Mk4
* Volkswagen Jetta (A1)
* Volkswagen Jetta (A2)
* Škoda Felicia
* Škoda Fabia Mk1
* Škoda Octavia Mk1
* Eco Carrier

## History

In August 1998 production started in the new company. Volkswagen has a 58% stake in the new company, 42% belong to the Bosnian automotive supplier Prevent. Since then, Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. has produced cars for the Volkswagen, Audi and Škoda brands, most recently around 3,500 vehicles per year with around 300 employees. Car production ended at the end of 2008. Since then, parts have been manufactured for other plants in the VW Group. In mid-2009, the production of the electric small transporter EcoCarrier , which is to be used primarily at airports and in the municipal sector, began. The vehicle will be delivered on behalf of the company EcoCraft Automotive.
# Neamblysomus

Neamblysomus is a genus of golden moles containing two species:
* Gunning's golden mole (Neamblysomus gunningi)
* Juliana's golden mole (Neamblysomus julianae)
# Taylor Peak (Gunnison County, Colorado)

Taylor Peak is a 13,435-foot (4,095 m) summit on the boundary shared by Gunnison County and Pitkin County in Colorado, United States.

## Description

Taylor Peak is situated 10 miles (16 km) west of the Continental Divide in the Elk Mountains which are a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. The mountain is located 14 miles (23 km) south of the community of Aspen and set on the boundary shared by White River National Forest and Gunnison National Forest. It ranks as the fifth-highest peak within the Gunnison National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's west slope drains to the Roaring Fork River via Cooper Creek and Castle Creek, whereas the east slope drains into the headwaters of the Taylor River. Topographic relief is modest as the summit rises over 2,430 feet (741 m) above Taylor River in one mile (1.6 km). The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, and has been recorded in publications since at least 1891.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Taylor Peak is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Due to its altitude, it receives precipitation all year, as snow in winter and as thunderstorms in summer, with a dry period in late spring.

## Gallery

* Taylor Peak from Castle Peak
* Taylor Peak (left) and Star Peak (right) seen from Castle Peak. Greg Mace Peak centered below.
# Cream bun

Variations of cream buns or cream rolls exist all around the world. Typically they are made with an enriched dough bread roll that is split after baking and cooling and filled with cream.
Among the numerous international variations are the splits of Devon and Cornwall in southwest England, which are yeasted buns filled with clotted cream, the maritozzi [it; ja] of the Lazio region of Italy, which are enriched buns, made with dried fruit and filled with whipped cream, and the roombroodjes of the Netherlands, which are filled with pastry cream.
In Northern Europe, soft buns spiced with cardamom, called semla in Sweden, are eaten on Shrove Tuesday.
Another specific national version is the Hong Kong sweet bun. It is one of the most standard pastries in Hong Kong. It can also be found in most Chinatown bakery shops. The bun has either buttercream or whipped cream filling down the middle with coconut sprinkles on the outside. Variations of it include the "Cream Horn", a pastry in a spiral shape, much like a horn, filled with cream.
In India, cream buns are sold at most bakeries and grocery stores. They have a wide elliptical shape and they are cut in middle along the major axis. Each of the flat bun surfaces on the inside are filled with cream and joined together.
In County Down region of Northern Ireland, a long cream and jam filled variation is known as a "Sailor's Doodle".
In Barreiro, a city in Portugal there is the 'Bola de Manteiga', where very light buns have a butter and cream filling.

## Gallery

* Hong Kong sweet bun
* Maritozzo [it; ja]
* Melon cream roll
* Pastry cream roll
* Peanut butter cream roll
* Semla
# Stineman

Stineman is a surname. People with the surname include:
* Galadriel Stineman (fl. 2009), American actress and model
* Jacob C. Stineman (1842–1913), American politician from Pennsylvania
* Washington Irving Stineman (1869–1947), American politician from Pennsylvania
# Łubna, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Łubna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czersk, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Czersk, 32 km (20 mi) north-east of Chojnice, and 75 km (47 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Hamilton bus station

Hamilton Bus Station is a bus station that serves Hamilton, a large town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

## Overview

Managed by the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport, Hamilton Bus Station is ideally situated. It is next to the two Hamilton shopping malls, New Cross and Regent (both of which are located in the heart of Hamilton Town Centre), and is located within a densely populated area (around 350,000 live within 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of the station). The travel centre is also located across from the entrance to the station. As well as this, the towns main railway station, Hamilton Central situated on the Argyle Line has frequent services to Motherwell, Cumbernauld and Larkhall on platform 2, with services to Dalmuir (via Glasgow Central) on platform 1.
Hamilton bus station is operational 24 hours a day. The station is also equipped with telephone boxes, toilets and a taxi rank, as well as 24-hour CCTV monitoring. There are also monitor displays inside the travel centre notifying arrivals/departures. The bus station is wheelchair accessible, and there is car-parking located to the west of the station.
There are a wide range of bus companies that stop at any of the 16 stands at the station, some of which travel nationwide. Some of them include First Glasgow, Stagecoach West Scotland and National Express.

## Renovations

On 18 March 2010, South Lanarkshire Council approved a major upgrade on Hamilton Bus station which would modernize the station and improve the links to the station with the nearby railway station and taxi rank. Also included were 14 bus stances, 3 coach stances, installation of electronic information screens, extra parking spaces and waiting areas. The upgrade got underway in late 2011, and work lasted for over a year.
# Joshua Eijgenraam

Joshua Eijgenraam (born 18 February 2002) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Eerste Divisie club Excelsior.

## Career

Eijgenraam was born in Berkel en Rodenrijs and progressed through the youth teams of hometown team TOGB before moving to the Excelsior academy in 2014. He made his professional debut in the Eerste Divisie appearing as a substitute against Jong AZ at Excelsior's Stadion Woudestein on 20 November 2020.
Following their promotion from the Eerste Divisie at the end of the 2021–22 season, Eijgenraam was given a new contract and an extension until 2025 as a reward for becoming a permanent fixture in the first team. He subsequently made his Eredivisie debut for Excelsior on 12 August 2022 against SC Cambuur at Cambuur Stadion in a 2–0 victory. During the team's return to the Eredivisie, Eijgenraam lost his starting position, featuring in 13 matches, of which only five were as a starter.
Due to reduced playing time, Eijgenraam opted for a season-long loan to TOP Oss in the Eerste Divisie, joining the club on 26 July 2023.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 3 May 2024
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | KNVB Cup | KNVB Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Excelsior | 2020–21 | Eerste Divisie | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Excelsior | 2021–22 | Eerste Divisie | 32 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 39 | 0 |
| Excelsior | 2022–23 | Eredivisie | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 15 | 0 |
| Excelsior | 2023–24 | Eredivisie | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| Excelsior | Total | Total | 46 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 55 | 0 |
| TOP Oss (loan) | 2023–24 | Eerste Divisie | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 16 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 62 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 71 | 0 |
* ↑ Appearances in Eredivisie promotion/relegation playoffs
# Rudy Feldman

Rudolph A. Feldman (born c. 1932) is a former American football player, coach, and executive. He served as the head football coach at the University of New Mexico from 1968 to 1973, compiling a record of 24–37–2. Feldman played college football at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1951 to 1953. Prior to his stint at New Mexico, he was an assistant coach at Iowa State University, the University of Oklahoma, and the University of Colorado Boulder. After leaving New Mexico, he was an assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL) with the San Diego Chargers and the St. Louis Cardinals. He finished his career in the front office for the Chargers, serving as director of pro personnel from 1987 to 1997.

## Early life and playing career

Feldman grew up in Palo Alto, California. He attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he lettered for the Bruins as a guard for three seasons, from 1951 to 1953, under head coach Henry Russell Sanders. Feldman was co-captain of the 1953 Bruins team, which won the Pacific Coast Conference title and appeared in the 1954 Rose Bowl. Feldman joined Sigma Pi fraternity while in college. After college, he joined the U.S. Army and played for the club team at Fort Hood, Texas.

## Coaching career

Feldman began his coaching career in 1957 as an assistant coach at Iowa State University under head coach Jim Myers. He moved to the University of Oklahoma the following year and coached ends for the Sooners for five seasons (1958–1962) under Bud Wilkinson. In 1963, he moved to the University of Colorado Boulder with fellow Oklahoma assistant Eddie Crowder, who was hired as head coach for the Colorado Buffaloes. Feldman served as Crowder's chief assistant until 1967.
In December 1967 Feldman was hired the head football coach at the University of New Mexico, succeeding Bill Weeks. He signed a five-year contract with an annual salary of $18,600 subject to negotiation in following years. In December 1971 Feldman was announced as the new head football coach at Baylor University following the firing of Bill Beall. However, Feldman changed his mind a day later and remained at New Mexico.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| New Mexico Lobos (Western Athletic Conference) (1968–1973) |||||
| 1968 | New Mexico | 0–10 | 0–7 | 8th |
| 1969 | New Mexico | 4–6 | 1–5 | 7th |
| 1970 | New Mexico | 7–3 | 5–1 | 2nd |
| 1971 | New Mexico | 6–3–2 | 5–1 | 2nd |
| 1972 | New Mexico | 3–8 | 2–4 | 6th |
| 1973 | New Mexico | 4–7 | 3–4 | T–4th |
| New Mexico: | New Mexico: | 24–37–2 | 16–22 | |
| Total: | Total: | 24–37–2 | | |
# Mass operations of the NKVD

Mass operations of the People's Comissariate of Internal Affairs (NKVD) were carried out during the Great Purge and targeted specific categories of people. As a rule, they were carried out according to the corresponding order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Nikolai Yezhov.

## National operations of the NKVD

The operations of this type in this period targeted "foreign" ethnicities (ethnicities with cross-border ties to foreign nation-states), unlike nationally targeted repressions during World War II. According to historian Oleg Khlevniuk, Stalin became concerned about rearguard uprisings that were seen in the Spanish Civil War and believed that "nationalities of foreign governments" posed a threat in border regions, even if they were Soviet citizens whose ancestors had sometimes lived decades or centuries in the areas controlled by the Soviet Union.
Minutes of the January 31, 1938 Politburo meeting list the following ethnicities against which NKND operations were to be continued: Poles, Latvians, Germans, Estonians, Finns, Greeks, Iranians, Harbinites, Chinese, and Romanians. It was also suggested to carry out similar NKVD operations against Bulgarians and Macedonians.
From August 1937 to October 1938, 353,513 people were arrested and 247,157 were shot in the national operations of NKVD. It is estimated that this would make up 34% of the total victims of the Great Purge.
* Polish Operation of the NKVD ~111,091 killed
** NKVD Order No. 00485
* German Operation of the NKVD ~41,898 killed
* Greek Operation of the NKVD 20,000—50,000 killed or disappeared
* Latvian Operation of the NKVD 16,573 killed
* Korean Operation of the NKVD ~40,000 killed
* Chinese Operation of the NKVD 3,932 killed$^{:54}$
* Estonian Operation of the NKVD 4,672 killed
* Finnish Operation of the NKVD 8,000–25,000 killed or disappeared
* Harbin Operation of the NKVD ~30,992 Harbin Russians were killed

## Other

* NKVD Order No. 00447, an operation to repress ex-kulaks, criminals, and other anti-Soviet "elements"
* Family members of traitors to the Motherland

## Rollback

On November 17, 1938 a joint decree No. 81 of Sovnarkom USSR and Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Decree about Arrests, Prosecutor Supervision and Course of Investigation and the subsequent order of the NKVD undersigned by Lavrentiy Beria canceled most of NKVD orders of mass type (but not all, see, e.g., NKVD Order No. 00689) and suspended implementation of death sentences, signifying the end of the Great Purge ("Yezhovshchina").
# Sankt Gerold

Sankt Gerold (German pronunciation:) is a municipality in the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.
# Aspley bus station

The Aspley Bus Station, also known as Aspley Hypermarket Bus Station, at Aspley, Queensland, is served by Translink bus routes. It is part of the Aspley Hypermarket Shopping Centre. It is in Zone 2 of the Translink integrated public transport system.
The station has been upgraded with enhanced waiting areas, an enclosed lounge, improved accessibility and real-time passenger information, as part of Translink's wider project for upgrading bus stations in South East Queensland.
An additional service has been added in 2008 which offers Personalised Public Transport (PPT). This service consists of a 'Black & White' MaxiTaxi servicing from the bus station, up Albany Creek Road, up Bangalow Street, down through Trouts Road, then back to the Hypermarket. This service runs approximately every 20 minutes during peak times morning and afternoon. The cost of this service is $1 and will pick up patrons anywhere along the route.
All bus routes to and from the station are operated by Transport for Brisbane.

## Facilities

The interchange is made up of four bus stops. The interchange is a side platform, located beside the Aspley Hypermarket. Located at the interchange is toilets, vending machines, seats, bike rack and an air-conditioned waiting room.

## Bus routes

The following bus routes services Toombul bus interchange:
| Stop | Route number | Destination | Locations/roads serving |
| Platform A | 350 | Queen Street | Bridgeman Downs, McDowall, Everton Park, Enoggera, Ashgrove, City |
| Platform A | 351 (drop-off only) | from Queen Street | from Normanby, Enoggera, Everton Park, McDowall, Bridgeman Downs |
| Platform A | P343 | Eagle Street | Chermside West, Stafford Heights, Stafford, Alderley, Newmarket, Normanby, City |
| Platform B | 345 | Cultural Centre | Chermside West, Stafford Heights, Stafford, Alderley, Newmarket, Kelvin Grove, Normanby, City |
| Platform B | N345 | Fortitude Valley | Chermside West, Stafford Heights, Stafford, Alderley, Newmarket, Kelvin Grove, Normanby, Cultural Centre, City |
| Platform C | 337 | Chermside (loop) | Chermside West, Webster Road, Murphy Road |
| Platform C | 338 | Strathpine Centre | Bridgeman Downs, Albany Creek, Eatons Hill, Brendale |
| Platform C | 338 | Chermside | Gympie Road |
| Platform C | 346 | Elizabeth Street | Stafford Heights, Stafford, Grange, Wilston, Windsor, RBWH, Fortitude Valley, City |
| Platform D | 336 | Chermside (loop) | Zillmere Road, Geebung, Piccadilly Street |
| Platform D | 346 | Carseldine | Gympie Road, Sauterne Street |