OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Dudley Ward

William Dudley Ward PC (14 October 1877 – 11 November 1946) was an English sportsman and Liberal Party politician.

## Early life

Dudley Ward was born in London, the son of William Humble Dudley Ward and the great-grandson of William Humble Ward, 10th Baron Ward. His mother was the Honourable Eugenie Violet Adele Brett, daughter of William Brett, 1st Viscount Esher. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. At Cambridge, he was secretary of the Pitt Club.

## Sporting activities

Dudley Ward rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race in 1897 when Oxford won, and as President of Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC), he rowed in the winning Cambridge crews in the 1899 and 1900 Boat Races.
At Henley Royal Regatta, he was runner-up in Silver Goblets (pairs' event) in 1900 with Raymond Etherington-Smith. His crew won the Stewards' Challenge Cup in 1901. In 1902, he won the Grand Challenge Cup, the Stewards' Challenge Cup again, and the Silver Goblets partnering Claude Taylor. In 1903 his crew won the Stewards' and Grand again.
In the 1908 Summer Olympics, Dudley Ward was a crew member of the British boat Sorais, which won the bronze medal in the 8-metre class.

## Political career

Dudley Ward was returned to Parliament for Southampton in 1906, a seat he held until 1922, and served under H. H. Asquith as Treasurer of the Household from 1909 to 1912. During World War I he was a Lieutenant Commander in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, though this may have been a cover for his counter-espionage work for Admiral Sir William Reginald Hall, Director of Naval Intelligence. He served under David Lloyd George as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from 1917 to 1922. In 1922 he was admitted to the Privy Council.

## Personal life

Dudley Ward reportedly "had a liking for the fleshpots and was known, on occasions, to turn up for training still dressed in white tie and tails." He married Winifred May "Freda" Birkin (better known under her married name of Freda Dudley Ward), daughter of Colonel Charles Wilfred Birkin, in 1913. She was a socialite and became a mistress of Edward, Prince of Wales. The marriage produced two daughters, of whom the elder, Penelope Dudley-Ward, was a leading actress in the 1930s and 1940s. The couple were divorced in 1931. After retiring from politics, he divided his time between England and Canada, where he was custodian of Edward, Prince of Wales's Alberta properties, primarily the E.P. Ranch, the royal's cattle ranch near Pekisko west of Calgary. An old sandstone building on Stephen Avenue where he had his offices is known as the Glanville/Ward Block. Dudley Ward died in Calgary, Alberta in November 1946, aged sixty-nine, after an operation, and is buried in the city's Union Cemetery. Freda remarried in 1937 and died in March 1983, aged eighty-eight.
# National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning

The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is an Indian e-learning platform for university-level science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. NPTEL is the largest e-repository in the world of courses in engineering, basic sciences and selected humanities and management subjects. The platform and materials have been jointly developed by Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institute of Science. The initiative is funded by the central Ministry of Education. The project's central idea is to put recorded lectures taught by its member institutes online for open access. It operates an educational YouTube channel covering engineering, basic sciences, and some humanities and social science subjects. Popular NPTEL courses are being translated into popular local languages. The local languages which the translation are available in include Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil and Telugu.

## History

NPTEL was launched in 2003 by seven IITs: Bombay, Delhi, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, Guwahati and Roorkee, in conjunction with the Indian Institute of Science (IISC). The courses were designed for these students. Those who did not have the same background and training, found the courses hard to follow. NPTEL was then restructured to offer customized massive open online courses (MOOCs) with exams. In March 2014, NPTEL began offering courses along with in-centre and proctored certification examinations. These NPTEL online certification (NOC) courses are offered twice a year (Jan-Jun, Jul-Dec).

## Certificates and assessments

The NPTEL has adopted the MOOC (Massive open online course) model so that students outside IIT system can also participate in learning quality content and get certified, provided they meet the assessment criteria in the exams conducted at the end of the NPTEL semesters. All courses are free to enrol and learn from. The certification exam is optional and comes at a fee of Rs 1000 per course exam. Course credits can also be transferred to other higher education institutions student or the Academic Bank of Credits under the UGC guidelines. NPTEL courses aim for equitable access. They intended to be available, irrespective of location. Students in non-urban and rural areas can also study via supplementary DVDs and mobile delivered content. NPTEL exams can be written by students no matter where they are located. Assessments take place either at an exam site, or via remote proctoring. Plagiarism Detection Software, known as ShodhShuddhi, assists Universities/Institutions with addressing academic integrity matters.
The headquarters of NPTEL is located inside IIT Madras.
# Matthew Charteris

Matthew Charteris MD FRSE LRCSE (1840 – July 1897) was a Scottish physician and academic who was the Regius Professor of Materia Medica at the University of Glasgow. He was also the author of the standard medical textbook the Practice of Medicine. He was an advocate of the influence of good climate upon health.

## Early life and education

Charteris was born in Newton Wamphray in Dumfriesshire in 1840, the son of John Charteris the local schoolmaster and his wife, Jean (Jane) Hamilton, daughter of Archibald Hamilton a farmer at Broomhills. He was educated by his father at Wamphray Parish School before winning a place at the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. He graduated as a Doctor of Medicine in 1863.

## Career

After some further study in foreign schools, Charteris established a medical practice in Airdrie before moving to Glasgow. From 1874 he worked at Glasgow Royal Infirmary and from 1876 was a professor of medicine at the Anderson Institute in Glasgow. From 1880 to 1897 he was Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics at the University of Glasgow. He lived nearby at 3 Kirklee Gardens in Kelvinside.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1896, his proposers being Patrick Heron Watson and John Batty Tuke. His photograph is held by the National Portrait Gallery in London.

## Personal life

Charteris was the younger brother of Archibald Charteris, theologian and founder of the Woman's Guild. He and his wife, Elizabeth Greer, had three sons: Archibald Hamilton Charteris (1874–1940) who was implicated in the Marion Gilchrist murder and Oscar Slater scandal, Francis Charteris (1875–1964), likewise suspected of murder, and John Charteris (1877–1946) a senior intelligence officer in World War I.
In the 1890s he was living at 3 Kirklee Gardens in the Kelvinside district.
After a prolonged illness he died of influenza on 7 June 1897 in Comrie. He is buried with his parents in Wamphray churchyard.

## Publications

* The Student's Guide to the Practice of Medicine (1881)
* Practice of Medicine (1888 plus further editions)
# William S. Youngman

William Sterling Youngman (February 2, 1872 – April 25, 1934) was an American politician who served as a Massachusetts State Senator, the Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts and as the 50th lieutenant governor of Massachusetts from 1929 to 1933.
Youngman attended Harvard, where he was a member of the debate team.
Youngman served with a troop of Pennsylvania Cavalry during the Spanish–American War; he also served in World War I.
In 1932 Youngman was the Republican nominee for Governor of Massachusetts, he lost that election by about 150,000 votes to the
incumbent Democratic Governor Joseph B. Ely.
# Diring

Diring may refer to:
* Diring, Khoptoginsky Rural Okrug, Churapchinsky District, Sakha Republic, a village (selo) in Khoptoginsky Rural Okrug of Churapchinsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia
* Diring, Tyolyoysky Rural Okrug, Churapchinsky District, Sakha Republic, a village (selo) in Tyolyoysky Rural Okrug of Churapchinsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia
# Ronzo-Chienis

Ronzo-Chienis (Rónž e Cianìs in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Trento in the Val di Gresta.
Ronzo-Chienis borders the following municipalities: Arco, Villa Lagarina, Isera and Mori.
# Titli (2017 TV series)

Titli is a Pakistani romantic drama serial which aired on Urdu1, it is produced by 7th Sky Entertainment and directed by Ahmed Bhatti. It stars Ali Abbas, Hania Amir, Emmad Irfani and Abid Ali. The story of this drama is based on a true story of a very beautiful lady called Nayla. The serial premiered on 20 January 2017, every Friday on Urdu 1 and ended on 26 June 2017.

## Plot

very beautiful and egotistical girl Naila lives in a middle-class household with her younger sister Zara, parents and older brother Kamran/ Kammy. Her cousin Zamee also stays with them for some time. Naila falls in love with Zamee just because of his beauty but Zamee reveals that he is in love with Naila's younger sister Zara. Devastated, Naila forces Zara to reject Zamee to take revenge. Naila marries a dark-skinned but rich lad Ahmed just for his wealth and she proves to be a horrible wife and daughter in law as she talks in an extremely rude way to her husband and in laws despite the fact that they love her a lot. Naila gets worried and prays for her child not to look like the father. Luckily for Naila, she gives birth to a very beautiful baby Amna. Naila continues to torture her in laws unnecessarily. Naila believes that her in laws love their choti bahu more because of which she demands Ahmed a home independent of her in-laws or divorce. Naila gives birth to another daughter Maryam and they move to a different house post a leap. Naila soon begins an extra marital affair with a lovely neighbor Rehan. Naila soon gets closer to Rehan and they both start loving each other. Amna catches Naila and Rehan together and runs away with her sister but they both get kidnapped in the attempt. Amna and Maryam get saved by the police.

## Trailer

The first teaser of the serial shows the protagonist Naila talking to the moon saying "Where were you? I know, there will be a day you will come to me, and will recognize me by the shine of my eyes and by the beauty of my face. You will come, and will get hold of my hand. Then we will be even I will just say one thing to you ----you have flaws"

## Cast

* Hania Amir as Naila, protagonist
* Ali Abbas as Ahmad, Naila's first husband
* Emmad Irfani as Rehan, Naila's second husband
* Tauqeer Ahmed as Amir, Ahmad's younger brother
* Shameen Khan as Zara, Naila's younger sister
* Abid Ali as Ahmad's father
* Naeem Tahir
* Saba Faisal as Naila's mother
* Sumera Hassan as Suraiyya
* Seemi Pasha as Naila's mother-in-law
* Atif Rathore
* Shahzia Shah
* Taqi Ahmed as Zamee
# Christophe Taine

Christophe Taine (born 12 December 1973) is a French professional football manager and former player who is the head coach of Championnat National 2 club FC 93. As a player, he was an attacking midfielder.

## Managerial career

Formerly, Taine had been the head coach of Fleury, and in January 2019, he was put in charge of setting up the youth academy at the club.
On 10 June 2022, Taine was appointed as head coach of Championnat National 2 side FC 93.
# Dalmatian Action (1990)

Dalmatian Action (Croatian: Dalmatinska akcija, DA) was a 1990s regionalist and autonomist party in the region of Dalmatia within Croatia, that advocated for the political autonomy of Dalmatia within Croatia, including the creation of a Dalmatian regional government with a legislative assembly, with autonomy over cultural issues involving Dalmatia. It was founded in December 1990. During the Croatian War of Independence, Croatian President Franjo Tuđman accused the DA of being an anti-Croat separatist organization in league with Serb separatists intent on breaking up Croatia, the DA responded to Tuđman's accusation by denying its validity, saying that it was only interested in autonomy, and said that an autonomous Dalmatia would be a beneficial means to end the Serbian aggression and terrorism of Serbs from self-proclaimed Krajina, as Dalmatian autonomy could insure Dalmatian Serbs' autonomy from the central government in Zagreb, as an alternative to Serb autonomy or independence.
In the 1992 Croatian parliamentary election, it won a seat in the Croatian Parliament, but failed to pass the threshold in subsequent elections.
On February 20, 2003, the Ministry of Justice erased the party from the register of political parties in Croatia, which was protested by the remaining party members including president Luka Meštrović and long-time member Mira Ljubić-Lorger.
The party journal Glas Dalmacije (lit. The Voice of Dalmatia) was published between 1994 and 2000.

## Election results

Dalmatian Action participated in elections on all levels.

### Parliament

| Election | Coalition | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| Election | Coalition | Coalition | Coalition | DA | DA |
| 1992 | IDS - RiDS | 83,623 | 3.18 (#7) | 1 / 138 | 1 |
| 1995 | none | 13,405 | 0.54 (#17) | 0 / 127 | 1 |
| 2000 | none | 6,388 | 0.22 (#19) | 0 / 151 | 0 |

### Chamber of Counties

| Election | Coalition | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| Election | Coalition | Coalition | Coalition | DA | DA |
| 1993 | none | 26,303 | 1.18 | 0 / 68 | 0 |
| 1997 | SDU | 8,994 | 0.36 | 0 / 68 | 0 |
# Bernard Belleau

Bernard Belleau OC FRSC (March 15, 1925 – September 4, 1989) was a Canadian molecular pharmacologist best known for his role in the discovery of Lamivudine, a drug used in the treatment of HIV and Hepatitis B infection.

## Biography

Born in Montreal, Quebec, he gained his BSc (1947) and MSc (1948) from the Université de Montréal and his PhD in 1950 at McGill University. During his time at the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research he discovered the Fujimoto–Belleau reaction, which is named after him and George I. Fujimoto. After various academic research postings in the U.S. and Canada he became Professor of Chemistry at the University of Ottawa in 1961. He moved to McGill University in 1971. Belleau worked in the 1960s and 1970s on research programs with Bristol Laboratories, one of which led to the non-narcotic analgesic Butorphanol. Butorphanol was found to have over five times the potency of morphine with far fewer side effects. Butorphanol is often used to relieve post-surgical pain and in the management of migraine headaches.
In the mid-1980s he helped found what became the biotech company BioChem Pharma with colleagues Francesco Bellini and Gervais Dionne. The trio began work on the anti-AIDS drug, 2,3 dideoxy – 3-thiacytidine (3TC). Just prior to his death in 1989 he laid the foundations for Lamivudine's development, which was a significant advance in the fight against AIDS, and is credited with saving over 2 million lives.
In 1981, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1978, he was awarded the Quebec government's Prix Marie-Victorin. In 1979, he was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's McLaughlin Medal. In 2000, he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. In 1977/78, he was awarded a Killam fellowship from The Canada Council for the Arts.
# Josh Hawkins (politician)

Josh Hawkins is a Republican member of the Mississippi House of Representatives, representing the Tenth District of Mississippi since 2024.
# Sports film

A sports film is a film genre in which any particular sport plays a prominent role in the film's plot or acts as its central theme. It is a production in which a sport or a sports-related topic is prominently featured or is a focus of the plot. Despite this, sport is ultimately rarely the central concern of such films and sport performs primarily an allegorical role. Furthermore, sports fans are not necessarily the target demographic in such movies, but sports fans tend to maintain a high following and esteem for such movies.

## Subgenres

The first sports film was released 1915, this was during the era of silent films. Several sub-categories of sports films can be identified, although the delineations between these subgenres, much as in live action, are somewhat fluid.
The most common sports subgenres depicted in movies are sports drama and sports comedy. Both categories typically employ playground settings, match, game creatures and other elements commonly associated with biological stories.
Sports films tend to feature a more richly developed sport world, and may also be more player-oriented or thematically complex. Often, they feature a hero of adventure origins and a clear distinction between loss and victory set against each other in a play time struggle.
Thematically, the story is often one of "our team" versus "their team"; their team will always try to win, and our team will show the world that they deserve recognition or redemption; the story does not always have to involve a team. The story could also be about an individual athlete or the story could focus on an individual playing on a team.

### Sports comedy

Sports comedy combines the sports film genre with comedy film elements. Traditionally, these films heavily rely on slapstick humor and very physical comedy, such as someone getting hurt in a comical way. A typical storyline may revolve around someone losing sight of the sport they are playing and trying to get back into it. Examples and staples of the genre include The Waterboy, The Longest Yard, Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, and Blades of Glory.

### Sports drama

Sports drama combines the sports film genre with drama film elements. These films rely on conflict, usually revolving around an athlete or a team. These dramas can further be broken up into categories, some movies focusing on race such as 42 (2013), or focusing on a specific moment in history like I, Tonya (2018). Examples of this overall genre/type include: Body and Soul (1947), The Hustler (1961), Rocky (1976), Hoosiers (1986), Remember the Titans (2000), Lagaan (2001), Moneyball (2011), Ford v Ferrari (2019), Ferrari (2023) and the Goal! trilogy.

## Award-winning films

There have been numerous sports movies that have become award winning phenomena. Several films have been nominated for and won the highest award of Best Picture at the Academy Awards, including Chariots of Fire (1981), Rocky (1976), and Million Dollar Baby (2004). Other movies that received awards of a high caliber are Jerry Maguire (Best Supporting Actor, 1996), Bull Durham (Best Original Screenplay, 1988), and The Karate Kid (Best Supporting Actor, 1984).
# Exner equation

The Exner equation describes conservation of mass between sediment in the bed of a channel and sediment that is being transported.
It states that bed elevation increases (the bed aggrades) proportionally to the amount of sediment that drops out of transport, and conversely decreases (the bed degrades) proportionally to the amount of sediment that becomes entrained by the flow. It was developed by the Austrian meteorologist and sedimentologist Felix Maria Exner, from whom it derives its name. It is typically applied to sediment in a fluvial system such as a river.
The Exner equation states that the change in bed elevation, $\eta$, over time, $t$, is equal to one over the grain packing density, $\varepsilon _{o}$, times the negative divergence of sediment flux, $\mathbf {q_{s}}$,
    ${\frac {\partial \eta }{\partial t}}=-{\frac {1}{\varepsilon _{o}}}\nabla \cdot \mathbf {q_{s}}$
Note that $\varepsilon _{o}$ can also be expressed as $(1-\lambda _{p})$, where $\lambda _{p}$ equals the bed porosity.
Good values of $\varepsilon _{o}$ for natural systems range from 0.45 to 0.75. A typical value for spherical grains is 0.64, as given by random close packing. An upper bound for close-packed spherical grains is 0.74048 (see sphere packing for more details); this degree of packing is extremely improbable in natural systems, making random close packing the more realistic upper bound on grain packing density.
Often, for reasons of computational convenience and/or lack of data, the Exner equation is used in its one-dimensional form. This is generally done with respect to the downstream direction $x$, as one is typically interested in the downstream distribution of erosion and deposition though a river reach
    ${\frac {\partial \eta }{\partial t}}=-{\frac {1}{\varepsilon _{o}}}{\frac {\partial {q_{s}}}{\partial x}}$
where $q_{s}$ is scalar sediment flux in the downstream direction.
# FinTech Association of Nigeria

FinTech Association of Nigeria known as FintechNGR is a Nigeria based self-regulatory, nonprofit and non-partisan organization focused on accelerating the growth of financial technology, facilitate investments and create enabling financial technological environment for innovation in Nigeria. Incorporated by Corporate Affairs Commission in 2017, FintechNGR interfaces with Nigeria financial regulators including the Central Bank of Nigeria, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Insurance Commission and the government to achieving its stated objectives. FintechNGR is a member of Global Fintech Hubs Federation and the Africa Fintech Network.

## History

The idea for the establishment of FinTech Association of Nigeria was conceived at the 2017 inaugural Nigeria Fintech Week by Segun Aina, chairman of Fintech Associates Ltd who then held discussions with some stakeholders including Ecobank, Proshare, Banwo and Ighodalo. The discussion culminated in the establishment of the organization. On 10 July 2017, FintechNGR was formally incorporated by the Corporate Affairs Commission and the pioneering governing council was established. In 2018, the governing council was expanded to include 13 members and increased to 17 in 2020 and the board established.

### Governance

The organization is governed by a board of trustees and an executive council headed by president, vice president and general secretary and supported by a chief operating officer (COO) who oversees the secretariat of the organization.

## Operations

FintechNGR stated objective is to accelerate the growth of financial technology, facilitate investments and create enabling financial technological environment for innovation in Nigeria. It serves as a platform for exchange of ideas in the fintech industry and as the representative of fintech entities in Nigeria. Though a self-regulatory organization, it works with financial and national data regulators including the Central Bank of Nigeria, Securities and Exchange Commission, National Insurance Commission, Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation, Nigerian Financial Intelligence Unit, Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System, Nigerian Communications Commission and National Data Protection Bureau.
As of April 2024, it has 464 members. In 2021, FintechNGR reported increased adoption of financial technology in Nigeria stating that 63 per cent of the 1.37 billion dollars capital funding raised in Nigeria in the fiscal year went to fintech industry compared to 25 per cent recorded in 2020. In the first quarter of 2023, cashless transactions across fintech entities in Nigeria grew by 44.84 per cent amounting to a total of N126.73 trillion naira up from N87.73 trillion naira in the corresponding period of 2022. But the growth of fintech has also led to increased cyber-attacks against fintech entities. In December 2023, FintechNGR launched a framework to combat rising cases of fraud in the electronic payment system in Nigeria.