OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hezekiah Beardsley

Hezekiah Beardsley (1748–1790) was an American physician, the first to describe congenital hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus in infants.
The known facts of his life are scanty. He was born in Stratford, Connecticut, in 1748, and became a druggist and physician, and practised in Southington, Connecticut, as early as 1778, so far as health would permit. Two years later he appears to have removed to Hartford. An advertisement of his firm, "Beardsley and Hopkins," is to be found in the Connecticut Courant for June 26, 1781. In it we learn his drug store was situated "a few rods east of the Court House." In 1782 he removed to New Haven, where he had a similar store on Chapel street, between Church and Orange streets. At the time of his death, in 1790, from consumption, he had taken his brother-in-law into partnership with him.
He was one of the original members of the New Haven County Medical Association, and served on the committees of correspondence and examination. In April, 1788, he reported a case of "scirrhus in the pylorus of an infant," which was the first case on record of congenital hypertrophy of the pylorus in an infant. It was printed with the papers of the society, which appeared in their transactions entitled: "Cases and Observations." In this paper Beardsley noted practically every feature of the disease we now know. He had attended the patient for three years at Southington, and when her death, at the age of five years, "closed the painful melancholy scene" he performed the autopsy. He speaks of the "constant puking," which was first noted during the first week of life. Everything in the shape of food, the child took was almost instantaneously rejected and very little changed. The feces were small in quantity. He comments upon the leanness and wizened old look of the child, and states he had "pronounced a scirrhosity in the pylorus months before the child's death," although he first attributed the condition to a deficiency of bile and gastric juices joined with a morbid relaxation of the stomach. Unfortunately, Beardsley did not know of the child's death "until the second day after it took place. This late period, the almost intolerable stench, and the impatience of the people who had collected for the funeral, prevented so thorough an examination of the body as might otherwise have been made." At the autopsy Beardsley noted that the stomach was unusually large and distended. "The pylorus was invested with a hard compact substance or scirrhosity, which so completely obstructed the passage into the duodenum as to admit with the greatest difficulty the finest fluid."

## Sources

* Steiner, W.R. "Beardsley, Hezekiah" . In Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.). American Medical Biographies . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company. p. 82. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
# Johannes Maccovius

Johannes Maccovius (1588 – 24 June 1644), also known as Jan Makowski, was a Polish Reformed theologian.

## Early travels and personal life

Makowski was born in Lobzenica, Poland. After visiting various universities (1607 in Danzig, 1610 in Marburg, 1611 in Heidelberg) and as the tutor of young Polish nobles, holding disputations with Jesuits and Socinians, Maccovius entered the University of Franeker in the Netherlands, in 1613. There he became privat-docent in 1614 and professor of theology in 1615. In later years, the fame of Maccovius attracted many students to Franeker, where he spent the rest of his life.
The first of his three wives was Antje van Uylenburgh, a sister of painter Rembrandt's wife Saskia van Uylenburgh, who, around the time she and Rembrandt married in 1634, helped him out after Antje's death.

## Doctrine

Theologically, Maccovius was a Calvinist, of the supralapsarian school, and possessed theses of a corresponding nature, defended in 1616 by one of his pupils, involved him in a controversy with his colleague Sibrandus Lubbertus which was settled only by the Synod of Dort in 1619. The synod, while neither approving or condemning his supralapsarianism, acquitted Maccovius of the charges of heresy brought against him, but advised him to be more cautious and peaceable.
Nevertheless, he became involved in another controversy at Dort with his subsequent colleague William Ames by asserting that all things that must be believed are not necessarily true, that no impulse toward regeneration and effecting it exists in the unregenerate, and that Christ is the object of faith because of whom, but not in whom, man must believe.
Maccovius' theory of Scripture was very free, and he distinguished sharply between scholarship and beliefs essential to salvation.

## Chief works

* Collegia theologica. Amsterdam, 1623.
* Maccovius redivivus sive manuscripta euis typis exscripta. Franeker, 1647, published posthumously.
* Loci communes theologici. Franeker, 1650.
* Distinctiones et regulae theologicae ac philosophicae. Franeker 1652, 1656.
* Opuscula philosophica. Amsterdam, 1660.

## Translations

* W. J. van Asselt, M.D. Bell, and R. Ferwerda, ed. and trans. Scholastic Discourse: Johannes Maccovius (1588–1644) on Theological and Philosophical Distinctions and Rules. Publications of the Institute for Reformation Research. Apeldoorn: Instituut voor Reformatieonderzoek, 2009. (Translation of Distinctiones et regulae theologicae ac philosophicae)
# Écoute voir

Écoute voir is a 1979 French drama-thriller film directed by Hugo Santiago from a screenplay by Santiago and Claude Ollier. It stars Catherine Deneuve, Sami Frey, and Anne Parillaud.

## Synopsis

Arnaud de Maule, young lord of the manor, distinguished scholar, has resort to the detective Claude Alphand (Catherine Deneuve), so that she might make enquiries into some individuals who are getting into his estate in Yvelines. Claude discovers that it is a question of the members of a strange sect, the Church of the Final Revival, which has recently won over Chloé, the young mistress of Arnaud.

## Cast

* Catherine Deneuve : Claude Alphand
* Sami Frey : Arnaud de Maule
* Florence Delay : Flora Thibaud
* Anne Parillaud : Chloé/Moune
* Didier Haudepin : Claude's secretary
* Antoine Vitez : delegate of the sect
* Jean-François Stévenin : Inspector Mercier
* François Dyrek : Inspector Daloup
# Grandreefite

Grandreefite is a rare secondary lead sulfate-fluoride mineral with a general chemical formula, Pb$_2$SO$_4$F$_2$. It is named for the location in which it was discovered in 1989, the Grand Reef Mine in Graham County, Arizona.
Grandreefite is monoclinic, falling in the 2/m symmetry group. Crystallographically this means, grandreefite has three axes of unequal length, with two angles at 90° to one another and a third, obtuse angle. The 2/m symmetry group indicates a two-fold axis with a perpendicular mirror plane. Grandreefite was originally classified as an orthorhombic mineral but was determined monoclinic instead upon further analysis. Pseudograndreefite, one of three other newly discovered minerals in 1989 at the Grand Reef Mine site, has orthorhombic crystallography. Optically, grandreefite is an anisotropic mineral, meaning the velocity of light varies depending on the direction through which it is passing through the mineral. Its calculated relief, i.e. its relative difference in index of refraction compared to the surrounding medium's index of refraction, is 1.96–1.98; and its birefringence is .025.
Grandreefite, while not a valuable mineral in terms of commercial use, is useful in the sense that it is a good indicator of the very specific environment in which it forms and therefore the same conditions required to produce minerals similar to it in structure, composition, etc. For example, its structure is very similar to that of lanthanide oxide sulfates and therefore may be used to help better describe them. The Grand Reef Mine is located near a large granitic intrusion. Grandreefite is usually found in the mine in isolated veins containing hydrothermal copper, silver, and lead minerals hosted in oxidized breccias.
# Reinerite

Reinerite is a rare arsenite (arsenate(III)) mineral with chemical formula Zn$_3$(AsO$_3$)$_2$. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system.

## Physical properties

Reinerite is most commonly found as a sky blue colored mineral, however, it may also be a light yellowish green color. Reinerite has a relative hardness of 5 to 5.5 on the Mohs Scale which is equivalent to that of a knife blade and or shard of glass. It has a density of 4.27 g/cm$^3$, and it exhibits a nonmetallic luster that may be described as glassy or vitreous.

## Environment

Reinerite develops in dolomite-hosted locations. It is known especially from Namibia, Africa, within the mines of Tsumeb. At the Tsumeb location, Reinerite develops within the polymetallic lead-zinc-copper deposit, 800 m (2,600 ft) below the surface, in the second oxidation zone. It occurs in association with chalcocite, bornite, willemite, smithsonite, hydrozincite, hemimorphite, adamite, olivenite and gebhardite.

## History

Reinerite was first described in 1958 for an occurrence in the Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Namibia and named for senior chemist Willy Reiner (1895–1965) of Tsumeb Corporation, who analyzed this mineral.
# District 12, Ho Chi Minh City

    District 12 may also refer to a fictional location in The Hunger Games universe, or to other 12th legislative districts.
District 12 (Vietnamese: Quận 12) is an urban district (quận) of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest and most populous city in Vietnam.
As of 2010, the district had a population of 427,083. The district covers an area of 53.0 km². The district is divided into 11 small subsets which are called wards.
District 12 borders Bình Dương Province and the city of Thủ Đức to the east, Hóc Môn District to the west and north, the districts of Bình Thạnh, Gò Vấp, Tân Bình and Tân Phú to the south.

## Administration

The district consists of 10 wards:
* An Phú Đông
* Đông Hưng Thuận
* Hiệp Thành
* Tân Chánh Hiệp
* Tân Thới Hiệp
* Tân Thới Nhất
* Thạnh Lộc
* Thạnh Xuân
* Thới An
* Trung Mỹ Tây

## Quang Trung Software City

The goal of the city is to offer a living and workplace to people who are particularly interested in software development as an economic incentive system to spur the growth of the software industry in Vietnam. It is sponsored by the Japan External Trade Organization and United States Agency for International Development.
The Vietnamese government has arranged for high speed internet to be wired to the area. The city opened in 2001 and housed 20,000 people in 2010.

### Legal Incentives

In order to facilitate use of this resource a number of laws have been set up.

#### Taxes

Companies are tax-exempt for their first four years after making a profit, and then only charged 50% of their normal taxes for the next nine years after their exemption. Overall taxes for the area are 10% for the first 15 years of the city, and 25% after that. Imported materials used for software production are import-tax free so long as they can not yet be used domestically. Exported software products are export-tax exempt. A Value Added Tax is also waived for exported software and domestically consumed software.

#### Foreign Workers

Special privileges are available to foreigners who are involved in a city project, particularly in getting visas and in buying or renting houses.

### Cloud Service Provider

Another part of the government incentives includes a cloud computing platform for use by local companies.
# Galaxy: Earth Sphere

Galaxy: Earth Sphere is a 1989 fountain and sculpture by Joe Davis, installed in Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The artwork was designed to emit streams of low-temperature steam from time to time, but the pipes sourcing this emission have been broken for some time.
# Discogobio longibarbatus

Discogobio longibarbatus is a fish species in the subfamily Labeoninae. It is endemic to Fuxian Lake in Yunnan, China.
# George Cochrane (politician)

George Augustus Frederick Cochrane (born 26 November 1762) was a Scottish soldier and politician, a member of a large and adventurous aristocratic family. He served in Parliament from 1807 to 7 March 1808, and again from 10 May 1808 to July 1812.
Cochrane was the seventh surviving son of Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald and his second wife Jane Stuart. As a younger son, he sought his fortune in the army; he was an ensign in 1783, a lieutenant in 1787, a captain in 1793, and a major and a lieutenant colonel in 1799. Cochrane resigned in 1805.
In 1807 Cochrane and his brother Andrew Cochrane-Johnstone were elected to Parliament from the rotten borough of Grampound with the assistance of their brother Basil's fortune. He was unseated the next year for lack of due property qualification, but re-elected the same year and seated after a disputed election. He initially voted with the radical opposition, following the line of his nephew Admiral Thomas Cochrane, but after 1810 he supported the Tory ministry of Spencer Perceval. He resigned in 1812 in favour of his brother Andrew. His life after Parliament is unclear; he was still alive in 1832.

## Family

The Earl of St. Vincent, Admiral of the Fleet, wrote of the Cochrane brothers in 1806, "The Cochranes are not to be trusted out of sight, they are all mad, romantic, money-getting and not truth-telling—and there is not a single exception in any part of the family." George Cochrane's eldest living brother, Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald (1748–1831), was an inventor and entrepreneur. His brothers Basil (1753-1826) and John Cochrane (1750-1801) made fortunes as paymasters and victuallers. Alexander Cochrane (1758–1832) was an admiral. Andrew (1767–1833) was a soldier, businessman, and adventurer who fled the country after being convicted in the Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814.
# CIDA City Campus

CIDA City Campus was an accredited university, founded in 2000, located in Lyndhurst, Johannesburg. It offers three year degrees in Bachelor of Business Administration.

## Description

The university was an accredited Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree school It was called South Africa's "first low-cost tertiary education institution." Students who qualify for the business degree program received a full scholarship including books, accommodations, transportation and tuition. According to the university, more than 1,500 students graduated with a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. CIDA City Campus serviced 800 disadvantaged students and 80% of its graduates were reported to have found full-time employment upon graduation.

## History

The CIDA City Campus was founded in 2000 with 250 students. The Branson School of Entrepreneurship (BSE) was created as a partnership between CIDA City Campus founder Taddy Blecher and Richard Branson and the BSE became part of the CIDA City Campus' curriculum. in Johannesburg, South Africa In 2007, after the teaching of the Transcendental Meditation technique to students concerned some of CIDA's donors, co-founder Taddy Blecher left the university to start another free educational body called the Maharishi Institute.
CIDA City Campus launched an educational program called, Mastery Academy of Construction, and began receiving financial support from the construction company Murray & Roberts, Barloworld and its Letsema Sizwe Trust in 2007.
The university suspended its first year program in 2009 to allow for a restructuring that would create a certificate for those that did not qualify for the BBA program. In June the university signed an agreement with Bournemouth University of Britain to create a school for tourism and hospitality. Using its CIDA Empowerment Fund, the university purchased a 25% ownership in Cambridge University Press. In December 2012 CIDA City Campus became financially distressed and was put under the control of a business rescue firm. In December, 2014, it was closed and deregistered.
# Alice Capitani

Alice Capitani (born 27 October 1984) is an Italian former gymnast. She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Kyodo News

Kyodo News (共同通信社, Kyōdō Tsūshinsha) is a nonprofit cooperative news agency based in Minato, Tokyo. It was established in November 1945 and it distributes news to almost all newspapers, and radio and television networks in Japan. The newspapers using its news have about 50 million subscribers. K. K. Kyodo News is Kyodo News' business arm, established in 1972. The subdivision Kyodo News International, founded in 1982, provides over 200 reports to international news media and is located in Rockefeller Center, New York City.
Their online news site is in Japanese, Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Korean, and English.
The agency employs over 1,000 journalists and photographers, and maintains news exchange agreements with over 70 international media outlets.
Satoshi Ishikawa is the news agency's president.
Kyodo News was formed by Furuno Inosuke, the president of the Domei News Agency, following the dissolution of Domei after World War II.
# Digges Sound

Digges Sound is a Canadian Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada. The sound is located at the juncture where the Hudson Strait meets northeastern Hudson Bay close to the northern tip of the Ungava Peninsula, between Digges Islands and Cape Wolstenholme. Ivujivik, Quebec, the northernmost settlement in any Canadian province, is located on the south coast of the sound.
Henry Hudson named many Arctic geographical features after patrons who financed his voyages, including Digges Sound in honor of Dudley Digges.

## Geography

The sound's environs are approximately 12 km$^2$ (4.6 sq mi) in size, with an elevation up to 300 m (980 ft) above sea level, and are characterized by rocky cliffs.

## Fauna

Notable bird species include the black guillemot and the colonial Iceland gull, and thick-billed murre.
Beluga, bearded seal, polar bear, and ringed seal frequent the area.

## Conservation

The sound is classified as an Important Bird Area site (#NU001), an International Biological Program site (Site 6–7), a Key Marine Habitat Site (Site 27), and a Key Migratory Bird Terrestrial Habitat site (NU site 47).
# Creswell Bay

Creswell Bay is an Arctic waterway in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is an arm of western Prince Regent Inlet in eastern Somerset Island. Its northeastern landmark, Fury Point, is approximately 100 km (62 mi) west of Baffin Island.
While the bay does not have any permanent settlements, the closest is Resolute about 228 km (142 mi) to the north-northeast, it was an outpost camp and remains an important site to Inuit.

## Geography

Creswell Bay is large and almost semicircular. Its habitat is characterized by tundra, rivers, streams, mud, saline sand flats, a freshwater lake, open sea, inlets, coastal marine features, coastal cliffs, and rocky marine shores.
Stanwell-Fletcher Lake is joined to the bay by the Union River; crystalline rocks are notable along the way. The Creswell River also empties into the bay.
The Devonian period Peel Sound Formation outcrops at the bay. The formation consists of sandstone, grit, and conglomerate which is predominantly limestone.

## Fauna

The bay is a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU062). Notable bird species include grey plover, greater snow goose, king eider, long-tailed duck, red phalarope, sanderling, and white-rumped sandpiper. Arctic char enter the bay in the late summer and swim up the Union River to Stanwell-Fletcher Lake, where they over-winter. The large numbers of char attract beluga whales and narwhals which feed on them.

## History

Archaeological sites include Thule encampments and Dorset settlements.
# Zhou Shuguang

Zhou Shuguang (Chinese: 周曙光; pinyin: Zhōu Shǔguāng), also known as Zuola, is a Taiwanese blogger and citizen journalist. He has become known for traveling around China to document injustice done to citizens.

## Biography

Zhou was born near Shaoshan in Hunan Province. He has been writing a blog documenting many sensitive issues in China, such as freedom of speech, Tibet, nail houses and government censorship of the media. His blog has attracted a lot of interest in China and as such the authorities have tried to shut it down on several occasions. However, Zhou hosts his blog from servers in the United States to get around the blocks. "I don’t feel like I’m in danger because what I’m doing is legal", Zhou states. Zhou advocates further reform in China and travels around the country documenting cases of injustice. During a visit to Hong Kong in 2007, he described it as a "harmonious society".
Zhou is mentioned as a prominent blogger in foreign media. He was invited to attend the Deutsche Welle citizen journalist awards on November 27, 2008, but was prevented from doing so.
On June 4, 2018, Zhou received Taiwanese nationality.

## Activities
### 2008 Tibetan unrest

During the 2008 Tibetan unrest, Zhou posted pictures and translated information from foreign news articles that were not mentioned in the state media and posted them on his website.

### 2008 Guizhou riot

During the 2008 Guizhou riot, Zhou travelled to the area where interviews with the girls' parents and photos of the riot's aftermath were published on his website. His and other bloggers' work were a major reason that four Communist Party, local government and security officials were eventually fired for misuse of power.

### 2008 Yang Jia case

Zhou was critical of the impartiality of the court proceedings in the Yang Jia case and, along with others, signed an online petition demanding authorities investigate the causes of Yang Jia's murdering spree.

### 2008 arrest

On August 14, 2008 Zhou was detained for just over an hour in his hometown in Hunan province. He was able to tweet what was happening as he was led out of the house then forced into a vehicle where he was driven back to his hometown of Meitanba. After his release, Zhou's computer was returned, but he was put under town arrest and is not allowed to leave Meitanba.
# Cape Liddon

Cape Liddon is an uninhabited headland on Devon Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located on the southwestern coast of the island at Radstock Bay.

## Geography

The habitat is characterized by open sea, rocky marine shores, and Silurian limestone coastal cliffs that rise to an elevation of 300 m (980 ft) above sea level. It is 3.5 km (2.2 mi) in size.

## Fauna

The cape is a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU059), an International Biological Program site (Region 9, #2-15) and a Key Migratory Bird Terrestrial Habitat Site. Notable bird species include black guillemot and northern fulmar.