OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Williston

David A. Williston (1868–1962) was the first professionally trained African American landscape architect in the United States. He designed many campuses for historically black colleges and universities, including Tuskegee University. He also taught horticulture and landscape architecture.

## Early life and education

Williston was born in 1868 in Fayetteville, North Carolina, and was the second of thirteen children. He graduated Howard University Normal School in 1895, then enrolled at Cornell University to study agriculture under Liberty Hyde Bailey. At Cornell, he wrote his senior thesis on atmospheric drainage. Williston was the first African American to graduate Cornell University with a degree in agriculture (B.S. 1898), and one of the first African Americans to graduate from Cornell in any discipline. He later completed courses on municipal engineering at the International Correspondence School in Pennsylvania.

## Career

Williston taught at several historically black colleges, starting at the State College of North Carolina at Greensboro in 1898.
In 1902, he joined the faculty of Tuskegee Institute as a professor of horticulture, where he taught intermittently for 27 years. At Tuskegee he also served as superintendent of buildings and grounds between 1910 and 1929, where he designed the campus master plan and several Tuskegee facilities. He was the landscape architect for the 99th Pursuit Squadron Training School, where the Tuskegee Airmen were based.
He was a lifelong friend of George Washington Carver, who also taught at Tuskegee. Booker T. Washington's home The Oaks was constructed by students as part of the Tuskegee curriculum, and Williston guided students in the landscape design of the home.

## Later career

In 1930, Williston moved to Washington D.C. where he opened a landscape architecture firm, believed to be the first African-American-owned landscape architecture firm in the United States. Williston continued to teach and practice landscape architecture, and planned the campuses of dozens of historically black colleges. His clients included Fisk University, Tennessee Agricultural and Industrial, Clark University, Alcorn State University, Lane College, Philander Smith College, and Howard University, where he worked with Albert Cassell. He also completed landscape design for the Langston Terrace Dwellings between 1935 and 1938.
Williston continued his relationship with Tuskegee; he consulted with the Institute between 1929 and 1948, and introduced a new landscape plan for the campus in 1948.
Williston continued working into his 90s, and died in 1962 at the age of 94.
# Jack Crumbly

Jack Crumbly is an American educator, restaurateur, and politician in Arkansas who served as a Democrat in the Arkansas Senate. His re-election to the Senate in 2006 was by a marginal majority, which caused controversy that resulted in precedent being set should such cases occur again.

## Election Controversies
### 2006 election

Crumbly's 68-vote majority for his election victory in 2006 was disputed by his opposition, Representative Arnell Willis of West Helena, who claimed that the votes were not accurately counted. The case moved through the courts to lengthy Senate hearings, until it was unanimously voted that Crumbly should take to his seat, which he served from 2007-2012. The handling of the marginal result established precedence for potential future disputes in Senate election results - the courts have consistently ruled that it is the constitutional duty of legislative bodies to determine the qualifications of their own members, and who should be seated.
Willis' response to the results, whilst unpopular and discounted at the time, have served as a small precursor to the moves replicated by other members of the Republican party a decade on, such as Donald Trump's claims of election fraud before the announcement of his victory in the 2016 Presidential election, and the significant response from the Republican party in 2020 as spread in a disinformation campaign by Trump after Biden's election - resulting most notably in the insurrection on the Capitol building on January 6, 2021 - as well as the general rise of conspiracy theories within the party.

### 2012 election

In May 2012, Crumbly lost the Democratic primary election to Keith Ingram, running for District 24, instead of his incumbent seat for 16, due to district boundaries having been redrawn. Crumbly sued the state Board of Apportionment for racial gerrymandering, accusing them of lowering the Black vote to help Ingram, who is white. A three-judge panel of Republican appointees dismissed the case filed by Crumbly and residents of East Arkansas.

## Personal life

Crumbly is married with three children.
# Strickland River

The Strickland River is a major river in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. It is the longest and largest tributary of the Fly River with a total length of 824 km (512 mi) including the Lagaip River the farthest distance river source of the Strickland River. It was named after Edward Strickland, vice-president of the Geographical Society of Australasia by the New Guinea Exploration Expedition of 1885.

## Tributary

Strickland River List of tributaries by length.
* Lagaip River 213 km (132 mi)
* Ok Om River 90 km (56 mi)
* Upper Lagaip River 68.2 km (42.4 mi)
* Kera River 46 km (29 mi)
* Porgera River 44 km (27 mi)

## Environmental concerns

The Porgera Gold Mine, run by Barrick Gold, is a mine near Strickland, which is the source of environmental concerns in the area. Since 1992, Barrick Gold has dumped mine waste, particularly metal particulates or tailings, directly into the river. This process of riverine disposal by the mine has led to much controversy, with numerous deaths and environmental problems being blamed on the metal particulates.
# TX

TX, T-X, or Tx may refer to:

## Companies
### Consumer product companies

* TX Watch Company, a former watch company by the Timex Group

### Media and telecommunication companies

* TX Digital Illusions, a former American video game developer
* TX Group, a Swiss media company
* TV Tokyo, a Japanese commercial broadcaster
** TX Network, a Japanese television network which flagship station is TV Tokyo

### Transportation companies

* Air Caraïbes (IATA airline designator TX)

## Electronics and machines

* Canon TX, a 35mm single-lens reflex camera
* Palm TX, a personal digital assistant
* Sony Xperia TX, a smartphone

## Media

* Fenix TX, a pop punk band from Houston, Texas, formerly known as Riverfenix
** Fenix TX, the band's first album after their name change
* T-X (Terminatrix), the antagonist in the movie Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines

## Science and technology
### Astronomy

* TX Camelopardalis, a star in the Camelopardalis constellation
* TX Piscium, a carbon star in the Pisces constellation

### Linguistics

* Tx (digraph)

### Medicine

* Caspase 4, an enzyme
* Therapy, Tx or T$_x$ in medical shorthand
** Treatment group, in an experiment, such as basic research or clinical trials
* Traction (orthopedics)
* Transplant, in the context of organ transplantation
* In the TNM staging system for cancer:
** Size or extent of tumor cannot be evaluated
** Wildcard for any T stage (for example, a chemotherapy regimen prescribed for any T, any N, M1 = TxNxM1)

### Telecommunications

* Transmission (telecommunications), generally
* Tx, the transmit signal in the RS-232 serial communication protocol

## Transportation
### Aircraft and airlines

* Boeing T-7 Red Hawk, known as the T-X until 2019
** T-X program
* Sperwill TX, a British paramotor

### Automobiles

* Exeed TX, a 2019–present Chinese mid-size SUV
* Fairthrope TX, a 1967 British sports coupe
* Howmet TX, a 1968 American sports prototype racing car
* LEVC TX, a 2017–present British electric taxi cab
* Lexus TX, a 2023–present luxury full-size crossover SUV

### Buses

* TX series, a line of coaches manufactured by Van Hool

### Rail

* Tsukuba Express, a Japanese railway line abbreviated as TX
# Henri-Marie Dubreil de Pontbriand

Henri-Marie Dubreuil de Pontbriand (c. January 1708 – 8 June 1760) was a Canadian Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Quebec.

## Biography

Pontbriand was from a titled family and grew up at the Pontbriand Château (now in Ille-et-Vilaine), France.
He received his classical education at La Flèche from the Jesuits and studied theology with the Sulpicians in Paris. He stayed in Paris and was ordained there in 1731 and received a doctorate from the Sorbonne.
Pontbriand spent some time serving the Bishop of Saint-Malo who made him his vicar general. In 1740, at the suggestion of his maternal uncle, the Comte de La Garaye, he was named bishop of Quebec by Louis XV and this appointment was approved by pope Benedict XIV in March 1741.
Before his departure, he spent some months at the Sulpician seminary in Paris learning about his diocese, as the congregation was active in Montreal. He left for Canada that same year on the Rubis, which landed at Quebec 29 Aug. 1741. On the same ship was Jean-Olivier Briand, who served Henri-Marie during his time as bishop and became bishop of Quebec himself in 1766.
Pontbriand commenced his pastoral visits the following January. In 1749 tension developed between the bishop and the Séminaire de Québec over which had the right to appoint a parish priest in Quebec. He undertook the rebuilding of the Ursuline convent in Trois-Rivières which had burned in 1752; and the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, which burned in 1755. He was also a slaveowner.
Pontbriand died in 1760.
# Battle of Rauge

The Battle of Rauge took place on 15 September 1701 near Rõuge, Livonia during the Great Northern War in which the Swedes defeated the numerically superior Russians.
# Mount Bendeleben

Mount Bendeleben (Iñupiaq: Aniyaayuq) is the highest peak in the Bendeleben Mountains of the Seward Peninsula in Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is located on the western end of the range, 37 mi (60 km) southwest of Imuruk Lake.
The mountain was named in 1866 by members of the Western Union Telegraph exploring expedition for the leader of the expedition, Baron Otto von Bendeleben. A. H. Brooks, USGS, reported in 1921 the native name as "Ahneyiyuk," meaning "looks like a big one."
On a clear day, Bendeleben stands as a landmark, towering over all the mountains in its territory. It is possibly the most famous mountain on the peninsula, though by no means the highest.
# Roadstown, New Jersey

Roadstown is an unincorporated community located within Stow Creek Township, in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
Roadstown is located at the intersection of County Route 620 and 626, approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) southwest of Shiloh.

## History

Prior to the American Revolution, Roadstown was considered an important settlement in the region. Roadstown was then known as "Sayre's Cross-Roads" or "Sayre's Corners", named for Ananias Sayre, "a leading citizen" and county sheriff. Maskell Ware settled in Roadstown in 1789, where he worked as a farmer and manufacturer of hand-made chairs. Ware chairs are today considered collectors items.
The Cohansey Baptist Church relocated to Roadstown in 1802. Established in 1683, it is today the third oldest Baptist church in New Jersey. A post office was established in 1803. In 1834, Roadstown had a tavern, two stores, 20 dwellings, and "was peopled principally by the cultivators of the soil". By 1882, the population had grown to 200.

## Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Roadstown include:
* Harris Flanagin (1817–1874), politician and lawyer who served as the 7th governor of Arkansas
* Charles Elmer Hires (1851–1937), inventor of root beer and namesake of Hires Root Beer
# NGC 6440

NGC 6440 is a globular cluster of stars in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. It was discovered by German-English astronomer William Herschel on 28 May 1786. With an apparent visual magnitude of 9.3 and an angular diameter of 4.4′, it can be observed as a fuzzy blob when viewed through a small telescope. Its Shapley–Sawyer Concentration Class is V.
This cluster is located at a distance of 27.1 ± 1.3 kly (8.3 ± 0.4 kpc) from the Sun. It is situated toward the galactic bulge of the Milky Way, about 26 kly (8.0 kpc) from the Galactic Center. The center of the cluster is fairly concentrated, but does not appear to have undergone a core collapse. It has a core radius of 0.85 ly (0.26 pc), and a half-mass radius of 6.6 ly (2.02 pc). Observations suggest it is one of the most metal–rich globular clusters in the galaxy, and it is close to solar metallicity. NGC 6440 is a rich target for Astrophysical X-ray sources. As of 2022, thirteen pulsars have been discovered in NGC 6440.
# Charles J. Becker

Charles Joseph Becker (July 3, 1924 – December 20, 2007) was an American politician who served in the Missouri House of Representatives.

## Career

He was first elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 1972. Becker was educated in parochial and public schools in Jefferson County, Missouri. He served three years in the U.S. Army and in the Pacific Theater during World War II. His wife Marion was once the mayor of Arnold, Missouri.
# Bold Peak

Bold Peak is a 7,522 feet (2,293 m) mountain in the U.S. state of Alaska, located in Chugach State Park in Anchorage Municipality.

## Location

Bold Peak sits on the eastern side of the head of Eklutna Lake, about two and a half miles northwest of Bashful Peak, the highest point in the western Chugach Mountains.

## Outdoor Recreation and Climbing Routes

Bold Peak is a popular destination for strong, experienced hikers. Conditions on Bold Peak can be challenging and can include high wind, high exposure, cold temperatures, and year-round snow. The standard route up Stiver's Gully involves a 10.5 mile bike ride in along the dirt road that leads to the head of Eklutna Lake, followed by approximately 6,500 vertical feet of scrambling, climbing, and hiking up loose rock to the summit. There is no trail, maintained or otherwise, to the top of the peak.
The Bold Ridge trail starts from the road running along Eklutna Lake, and climbs 3.5 miles up an old roadway to a tundra valley below Bold Peak's western face. The trail offers sweeping views of Eklutna Lake and access to open tundra hiking in the smaller mountains and valleys below Bold Peak. Bold Peak is rarely climbed from the Overlook Trail because the peak's western face is steep and prone to rockfall, though it may be climbed from the Overlook trail via its northern ridge.
During winter and into spring, Bold Peak's long, steep slopes and heavy snow loads make it prone to extreme avalanches, which can cross and bury the dirt road that runs along Eklutna Lake's northeastern side. In February 2000, an avalanche on Bold Peak's southwestern face "snapped thousands of two-foot-thick aspens and cottonwoods and created a mile-long field of debris". The slide "ripped out vegetation, windmilling whole trees so that they shattered and snapped into rails. At the base of the mountain, a tsunami of wind and snow and wood crossed the road, tearing into a forest that had stood for many decades. The slide then fanned out onto the flats, mowing down about 120 acres of mature spruce-birch forest and reaching about a half-mile into the valley. The force dissipated; a cloud of powder must have risen like a thunderhead."
# Pick Up the Pace

Pick Up the Pace is the debut EP by Australian alternative rock band The Predators. It was released on 1 July 2006 through Dew Process and Universal Music Australia. The EP was produced after Powderfinger entered a hiatus, and several of its band members sought work with side projects. Following the release of Pick Up the Pace, The Predators embarked on a minor tour around Australia, including a performance at Splendour in the Grass, before officially going on hiatus, around the time Powderfinger reformed.

## History

The Predators consist of the three original Powderfinger members; Ian Haug (guitar), John Collins (bass), and Steven Bishop (drums, vocals), and thus Pick Up the Pace was influenced by the band's early work. As the three had attended school together, the music on the EP flowed easily. According to Haug, the trio had been discussing the possibility of reuniting for a long time. Ross McLennan, the fourth Predators member, only played drums on live appearances, to allow Bishop to focus on singing. The EP was recorded at Haug's Airlock Studios in the band's home town, Brisbane, with songs first released to radio on 17 May 2006.
In a 2006 interview, John Collins said that the group's formation and the recording of the EP was just "for fun", with no intention of "taking it too seriously". He also noted that the idea of the EP was first proposed when Powderfinger's hiatus began, and he asked Bishop the question "Do you want to write some songs and just have a bit of fun?" Originally, the band had not intended to release any work, stating "It’s not very commercial, in a sense." However, in a later interview with FasterLouder, Bishop noted that the band would "maybe send it off to Europe and The States with some indie labels", as well as hoping to tour around the country.
The EP, and most of the songs on it, were influenced by musical greats such as Pink Floyd, David Bowie and the entire indie rock genre. It was noted that the EP contained "roaring guitar riffs and big choruses". Haug noted in an interview that the original group of songs recorded "lacked vibe", and so the band chose less perfected songs "to ensure that the attitude of the recording was good".
Following the release of Pick Up the Pace, The Predators embarked on a minor tour before performing at Splendour in the Grass. The tour saw them performing along the east coast of Australia. Four concerts were performed, in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and at Splendour in the Grass, near Byron Bay.

## Music video

A music video for "Pick Up the Pace", the lead song on the EP, was recorded in a Brisbane music venue, and released in May 2006. It featured lead singer Steven Bishop "day dreaming of days gone by". The video was distributed by Dew Process.

## Track listing

All music written and performed by The Predators.
* "Pick Up the Pace" – 2:46
* "Paintings" – 4:29
* "My Line" – 4:20
* "Precious Moments" – 5:25
* "High And Low" – 4:36
* "Still My Friend" – 5:22
# Iwami Province

Iwami Province (石見国, Iwami-no kuni) was an old province of Japan in the area that is today the western part of Shimane Prefecture. It was sometimes called Sekishū (石州). Iwami bordered Aki, Bingo, Izumo, Nagato, and Suō provinces.
In the Heian period (794–1192) the capital was at modern-day Hamada. In the Kamakura period (1192–1333) the Masuda clan belonged to the Minamoto clan (Genji) and conquered Iwami Province. From the sixteenth century onwards, it played an important role in East Asia's economic history as a major silver source.

## History

During the Muromachi and Sengoku periods, the battles were very furious in this area. At first, the Masuda clan was in alliance with the Ōuchi clan in neighboring Suō, but later the Masuda clan belonged to the Mōri clan in neighboring Aki.
On 16 June 1026, a 10 m (33 ft) tsunami struck the Sea of Japan coast of present-day Masuda, Shimane, killing more than 1,000 people.
Maps of Japan and Iwami Province were reformed in the 1870s when the prefecture system was introduced. At the same time, the province continued to exist for some purposes. For example, Iwami is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the United States and (b) between Japan and the United Kingdom.

## Historical districts

* Shimane Prefecture
** Ano District (安濃郡) - dissolved
** Kanoashi District (鹿足郡)
** Mino District (美濃郡) - dissolved
** Naka District (那賀郡) - dissolved
** Nima District (邇摩郡) - dissolved
** Ōchi District (邑智郡)
# Robert Tillman Hampton

Robert Tillman Hampton (1870-1956) was a politician in the state of Georgia.
Hampton was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives for Fannin County (1931, 1935, 1937-37/38 Ex., 1945,45 Ex.-46, 1947).
Hampton was the parent of Hayden Wilburn Hampton, another member of the Georgia House of Representatives and of the Georgia State Senate.

## Personal life

Hampton married Alice Cordelia Lefevers on 1894 December 30.
# New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Cinematographer

The New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Cinematographer is one of the annual awards given by the New York Film Critics Circle.

## List of winners

| Year | Winner | Cinematographer(s) |
| 1980 | Tess | Ghislain Cloquet and Geoffrey Unsworth |
| 1981 | Chariots of Fire | David Watkin |
| 1982 | Sophie's Choice | Néstor Almendros |
| 1983 | Zelig | Gordon Willis |
| 1984 | The Killing Fields | Chris Menges |
| 1985 | Out of Africa | David Watkin |
| 1986 | A Room with a View | Tony Pierce-Roberts |
| 1987 | The Last Emperor | Vittorio Storaro |
| 1988 | Wings of Desire (Der Himmel über Berlin) | Henri Alekan |
| 1989 | Do the Right Thing | Ernest R. Dickerson |
| 1990 | The Sheltering Sky | Vittorio Storaro |
| 1991 | Barton Fink | Roger Deakins |
| 1992 | The Player | Jean Lépin |
| 1993 | Schindler's List | Janusz Kamiński |
| 1994 | Ed Wood | Stefan Czapsky |
| 1995 | Shanghai Triad (Yao a yao yao dao waipo qiao) | Lü Yue |
| 1996 | Breaking the Waves | Robby Müller |
| 1996 | Dead Man | Robby Müller |
| 1997 | Kundun | Roger Deakins |
| 1998 | The Thin Red Line | John Toll |
| 1999 | The Straight Story | Freddie Francis |
| 2000 | Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Wo hu cang long) | Peter Pau |
| 2001 | In the Mood for Love (Fa yeung nin wa) | Christopher Doyle and Pin Bing Lee |
| 2002 | Far from Heaven | Edward Lachman |
| 2003 | Elephant | Harris Savides |
| 2003 | Gerry | Harris Savides |
| 2004 | Hero (Ying xiong) | Christopher Doyle |
| 2005 | 2046 | Christopher Doyle, Lai Yiu Fai, and Kwan Pun Leung |
| 2006 | Pan's Labyrinth (El laberinto del fauno) | Guillermo Navarro |
| 2007 | There Will Be Blood | Robert Elswit |
| 2008 | Slumdog Millionaire | Anthony Dod Mantle |
| 2009 | The White Ribbon (Das weisse Band) | Christian Berger |
| 2010 | Black Swan | Matthew Libatique |
| 2011 | The Tree of Life | Emmanuel Lubezki |
| 2012 | Zero Dark Thirty | Greig Fraser |
| 2013 | Inside Llewyn Davis | Bruno Delbonnel |
| 2014 | The Immigrant | Darius Khondji |
| 2015 | Carol | Edward Lachman |
| 2016 | Moonlight | James Laxton |
| 2017 | Mudbound | Rachel Morrison |
| 2018 | Roma | Alfonso Cuarón |
| 2019 | Portrait of a Lady on Fire | Claire Mathon |
| 2020 | Small Axe | Shabier Kirchner |
| 2021 | West Side Story | Janusz Kamiński |
| 2022 | Top Gun: Maverick | Claudio Miranda |
| 2023 | Oppenheimer | Hoyte van Hoytema |
| 2024 | Nickel Boys | Jomo Fray |
# Martin Jay Davis

Martin Jay Davis (September 7, 1937 – January 10, 2022) was an American astrologer and author specializing in locational astrology. He was also a member of the United States fencing team (foil), and competed at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany.
Davis was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and was Jewish. He attended New York University, fenced for the school, and was an NCAA Second Team All-American in 1958. He graduated in 1959 with an engineering degree.
He was a gold medalist in Individual Foil at the 1965 Maccabiah Games in Tel Aviv, Israel. At the 1963 Pan American Games in São Paulo, Brazil he won a gold medal with the US fencing team (foil). His first title, Astrolocality Astrology, won the Spica award for the best astrology book in 2000.
In 2017, he was inducted into the NYU Hall of Fame.
Davis died in Zeeland in the Netherlands, on January 10, 2022, at the age of 84.

## Publications

* Astrolocality Astrology (2000) Wessex Astrologer, Dorset, UK. ISBN 978-1902405056
* From Here to There: An Astrologer's Guide to Astromapping (2007) Wessex Astrologer, Dorset, UK. ISBN 978-1902405278