OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gross merchandise volume

Gross merchandise volume (alternatively gross merchandise value or GMV) is a term used in online retailing to indicate a total sales monetary-value (e.g. in U.S. dollars or Euros) for merchandise sold through a particular marketplace over a certain time frame. GMV includes any fees or other deductions which a seller might calculate separately. Site revenue comes from fees and is different from the monetary-value of items sold.
GMV for e-commerce retail companies means the average sale price per item charged to the customer multiplied by the number of items sold. For example, if a company sells 10 books at $100, the GMV is $1,000. This is also considered as "gross revenue". In this case, the business model is based on a retail model, where the company basically purchases the items, maintains inventory (if need be) and finally, sells or delivers the items to customers. It does not tell the net sales as GMV does not include costs involved and returns of products.
# Jacques Lafleur

Jacques Lafleur (French pronunciation:; 20 November 1932 – 4 December 2010) was a French politician born in Nouméa, New Caledonia, France.
Lafleur was a leader of one of the two anti-independence parties in New Caledonia, the RPCR (Rally for Caledonia in the Republic). He was a signatory to the Matignon Accords in 1988 and the Nouméa Accord in 1998. He was elected deputy on 16 June 2002, for the 12th session of the legislature (2002–2007), representing the 1st district in New Caledonia, but lost his hold on power as a result of the elections of 9 May 2004, which propelled a new party, named "Future Together" (Avenir Ensemble), into control of government in South Province.

## Conviction for slander

Lafleur, whose fortune stemmed partly from mining interests, reportedly slandered and intimidated Goldman Environmental Prize winner Bruno Van Peteghem over Van Peteghem's efforts to protect the ecology of New Caledonia.

## Offices held

* 1978–2007 : Deputy
* 7 March 1983 – 3 June 1997 : Nouméa Municipal Council Member (New Caledonia)
* 28 November 1984 – 29 September 1985 : New Caledonia Territorial Assembly Member
* 24 April 1988 – 11 June 1989 : President of the Council for the Southern Region of New Caledonia
* 11 June 1989 – 8 May 1999 : President of the Assembly for the Southern Region of New Caledonia
* 1999–2004 : Président of the South Province
# Robert Sann Aung

Robert Sann Aung (Burmese: ရောဘတ်ဆန်းအောင်; born c. 1954) is a human rights lawyer and former political prisoner in Myanmar (Burma). Robert Sann Aung is known for his pro bono legal work, defending victims of human rights abuses, student activists, and human rights defenders, including child soldiers and protesters. He has received death threats for his public views on amending the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, in the aftermath of the assassination of Ko Ni, another prominent Burmese lawyer.

## Career

Robert became a student activist shortly after his admission to the Rangoon Arts and Science University to study law in 1974. His education was disrupted numerous times due to his activism, and he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1982.
Following the 1990 Myanmar general election, Robert defended a politician, Peter Linn Binn, who had challenged the election results. The ruling military regime threatened Robert, and revoked his license to practice law. He was disbarred from 1993 to 2012. Robert was imprisoned from 1997 to 2003 for his activism, and was the victim of a politically motivated attack in 2008.
In 2015, he became a finalist for the Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders.

## Personal life

Robert Sann Aung is a Muslim.
# Lvov dvoryan families

There were several dvoryan (Russian nobility) families named Lvov (Russian: Львов) in the Russian Empire.
One of them is traced from a Mark Demidovich of Lithuanian descent (14th century) and is enlisted into the pedigree book of Tver Guberniya.
Another one traces from the 16th century and enlisted into the pedigree books of Moscow and Oryol guberniyas.
Still another one descends from a Kondratiy Afanasiyevich Lvov granted an estate in Galich uyezd, Kostroma Guberniya in 1671. The family is enlisted into the pedigree book of Kostroma Guberniya.
# Coșula

Coșula is a commune in Botoșani County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Buda, Coșula, Pădureni and Șupitca. It was established in 2003, when it was detached from Copălău.
# North Binyang Cave

North Binyang Cave (simplified Chinese: 宾阳北洞; traditional Chinese: 賓陽北洞; pinyin: Bīnyáng Běi Dòng) is cave number 104 at the Longmen Grottoes near Luoyang, Henan, China.

## History

Initiated by order of Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei in honour of his parents Emperor Xiaowen and Empress Wenzhao, the cave was not completed until the Tang.

## Features

The main image is an Amitabha with a patterned halo. Dragon-head shaped column bases dating from the Northern Wei flank the cave entrance. Other figures are also present (possibly bodhisattvas).

## Nearby caves

Middle Binyang Cave and South Binyang Cave are adjacent to the south.

## Images

* North Binyang Cave rear wall
* Detail of roof adjoining southern wall (2004)
* The south wall showing standing figures (2004)
* This article about a cave is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This Henan location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Egon Wilden

Egon Wilden (8 December 1894, in Düsseldorf – 7 September 1931, in Ahlen, Westphalia) was a German painter and set-designer.

## Life

Wilden began his studies at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, but they were interrupted until 1919 by World War I. One of his most important teachers there was Heinrich Nauen, a proponent of Rhenish Expressionism. His work was influenced by that school and other trends of the time. Watercolours and pastels formed a major part of his oeuvre. He received early recognition as a set-designer around the time of the 1919–20 season at the Schauspielhaus Düsseldorf, which developed into one of the most modern theatres in the German-speaking world under the direction of Louise Dumont and Gustav Lindemann. He was later taken on by theatres in Herne, Gera, Hagen, Barmen-Elberfeld and Cologne, producing a total of around two hundred set designs, featuring vivid colours and often vertical emphases, front-facing architectural motifs and perspectives creating several illusory rooms.
He left the theatre behind in 1930 to work as an independent artist, though he did marry the actress Hedwig Sparrer. He moved into a studio in an artists' house in Düsseldorf-Stockum in January 1931 but in the summer of that year his health began to deteriorate. He died soon afterwards whilst staying with friends in Ahlen. His work remained largely unknown until 2005, when his niece donated a large collection of his paintings and drawings to the Förderkreis of the Kunstmuseum Ahlen. Since then his works have been the subject of several exhibitions.

## Selected works

* Flight into Egypt, 1919
* Two figures in a wood, watercolour, 1920
* God's Love, watercolour (set designs for a production of Die Liebe Gottes by Hermine von Boetticher), c.1920
* The Barber of Seville, set design for the Theater Hagen, 1924
* Paul Kemp, portrait in pencil, c. 1925
* Elektra, set design for the Theater Hagen, 1927
* Angelina, set design for the Theater Köln, 1929
* Self-portrait in bow tie, oil on panel, c. 1930, Theaterwissenschaftliche Sammlung Universität zu Köln
* The Martyrdom of St Sebastian
* Pieta
* Lichtflut (literally A Flood of Light)
* Strahlen (literally Radiating)
* Trees in Light
* Loneliness, Aquarell
* Mourning, Aquarell
* Painter in his Studio

## Literature

* (in German) Elmar Buck (ed.): Egon Wilden. Maler und Bühnenbildner, 1894–1931. Ausstellungskatalog der Theaterwissenschaftlichen Sammlung der Universität zu Köln, des Theatermuseums Düsseldorf und des Ernst-Osthaus-Museums Hagen, Köln 1994
* (in German) Joachim Geil: Egon Wilden. Der Maler und die Bühne. Teiresias-Verlag, Köln 1999, ISBN 978-3-98058-605-4
* (in German) Burkhard Leismann (ed.), Kinga Luchs, Martina Padberg (Redaktion): Egon Wilden. Leben und Werk, 1894–1931. Förderkreis Kunstmuseum Ahlen e.V., Verlag Hachmannedition, Bremen 2009, ISBN 978-3-93942-969-2
# Elisabeth Högström

Elisabeth Högström (born 17 March 1951 as Elisabeth Carlsson) is a Swedish curler, world champion and five times European champion.
In 1973 she was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame. In 2016 she was inducted into the World Curling Federation Hall of Fame.

## International championships

Högström became world champion in 1981 as skip for the Swedish team. She received a silver medal in 1980 and 1982.
She participated on the Swedish team that won the European championship in 1976. She received gold medals in the 1980, 1982, 1983 and 1988 European Curling Championships as skip for the team.

## Personal life

Her father Sven Carlsson was a curler too, 1968 Swedish men's champion, he played for Sweden at the 1968 World Men's curling championship.
# Commodity swap

A commodity swap is a type of swap agreement whereby a floating (or market or spot) price based on an underlying commodity is traded for a fixed price over a specified period. The vast majority of commodity swaps involve oil. Many airline and rail companies enter oil commodity swap deals in order to secure lower oil costs in the long term.

## Concept

A commodity swap is similar to a fixed-floating interest rate swap. The difference is that in an interest rate swap, the floating leg is based on standard interest rates such as LIBOR and EURIBOR. However, in a commodity swap, the floating leg is based on the price of underlying commodity like oil, sugar, and precious metals. No commodities are exchanged during the trade. In this swap, the user of a commodity would secure a maximum price and agree to pay a financial institution this fixed price. Then, in return, the user would get payments based on the market price for the commodity involved. On the other side, a producer wishes to fix the income and would agree to pay the market price to a financial institution, in return for receiving fixed payments for the commodity.
# Bambang Hendarso Danuri

Police-General Bambang Hendarso Danuri (born 10 October 1952) is the former Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri) from 1 October 2008 to October 2010. He replaced Chief of Police General Sutanto who was relieved of duty. He was nominated by the Indonesian President, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

## Honours

* Malaysia: Honorary Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - Tan Sri (P.S.M.) (2010)
# The Philadelphia Story

The Philadelphia Story may refer to:
* The Philadelphia Story (play), a 1939 play by Philip Barry
** The Philadelphia Story (film), a 1940 film adaptation
** The Philadelphia Story (1959 film), a TV film adaptation
* "The Philadelphia Story" (The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air), a 1994 TV episode
# Doug Kraner

Doug Kraner (died April 4, 2016) was an American production designer in the film industry. He was the co-production designer (with Richard Berg) for Gotham (2014). He was an Emmy-nominee in the category of Outstanding Art Direction for a Limited Series/Special for his set decoration on “Little Gloria……Happy at Last” (1983) and Art Directors Guild. Kraner's set designer career began in 1981 with My Dinner with Andre. His works include: Lean on Me, the original Uncle Buck, the beach house in Sleeping with the Enemy and No Place Like Home. He has an MFA degree from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Scene Design. He was honored by Oscars in Memoriam in 2017. .... (....)(....)
# ProGuard

ProGuard is an open source command-line tool which shrinks, optimizes and obfuscates Java code. It is able to optimize bytecode as well as detect and remove unused instructions. ProGuard is free software and is distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.
ProGuard was distributed as part of the Android SDK and ran when building the application in release mode.

## Features

* Bytecode-level optimizations;
* Also works with Java Micro Edition and Android;

### Obfuscation Method

ProGuard obfuscates Java and Android programs by renaming classes, fields, and methods using meaningless names (an implementation of security through obscurity), making it more difficult to reverse-engineer the final application.

### Optimization

Besides removing unused instructions from the compiled bytecode, ProGuard optimizes it using techniques such as control flow analysis, data-flow analysis, partial evaluation, static single assignment, global value numbering, and liveness analysis.
ProGuard can remove many types of unused and duplicated code, perform over 200 peephole optimizations, reduce variable allocation, inline constant and short methods, simplify tail recursion calls, remove logging code, amongst others.
# Empirical statistical laws

An empirical statistical law or (in popular terminology) a law of statistics represents a type of behaviour that has been found across a number of datasets and, indeed, across a range of types of data sets. Many of these observances have been formulated and proved as statistical or probabilistic theorems and the term "law" has been carried over to these theorems. There are other statistical and probabilistic theorems that also have "law" as a part of their names that have not obviously derived from empirical observations. However, both types of "law" may be considered instances of a scientific law in the field of statistics. What distinguishes an empirical statistical law from a formal statistical theorem is the way these patterns simply appear in natural distributions, without a prior theoretical reasoning about the data.

## Examples

There are several such popular "laws of statistics".
The Pareto principle is a popular example of such a "law". It states that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes, and is thus also known as the 80/20 rule. In business, the 80/20 rule says that 80% of your business comes from just 20% of your customers. In software engineering, it is often said that 80% of the errors are caused by just 20% of the bugs. 20% of the world creates roughly 80% of worldwide GDP. 80% of healthcare expenses in the US are caused by 20% of the population.
Zipf's law, described as an "empirical statistical law" of linguistics, is another example. According to the "law", given some dataset of text, the frequency of a word is inversely proportional to its frequency rank. In other words, the second most common word should appear about half as often as the most common word, and the fifth most common world would appear about once every five times the most common word appears. However, what sets Zipf's law as an "empirical statistical law" rather than just a theorem of linguistics is that it applies to phenomena outside of its field, too. For example, a ranked list of US metropolitan populations also follow Zipf's law, and even forgetting follows Zipf's law. This act of summarizing several natural data patterns with simple rules is a defining characteristic of these "empirical statistical laws".
Examples of empirically inspired statistical laws that have a firm theoretical basis include:
   * Statistical regularity
   * Law of large numbers
   * Law of truly large numbers
   * Central limit theorem
   * Regression toward the mean
Examples of "laws" with a weaker foundation include:
   * Safety in numbers
   * Benford's law
Examples of "laws" which are more general observations than having a theoretical background:
   * Rank–size distribution
Examples of supposed "laws" which are incorrect include:
   * Law of averages
# Merila Zarei

Merila Zarei (Persian: مریلا زارعی; born April 14, 1974) is an Iranian actress. She has received various accolades, including a Silver Bear, three Crystal Simorghs, four Hafez Awards, four Iran Cinema Celebration Awards and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award.

## Early life

A graduate of Azad University of Tehran, during her studies she became interested in acting through Ezatollah Entezami's acting courses.
Her first movie was Patak by Ali Asghar Shadravan in 1994. She received the Crystal Simorgh for the best actress in a supporting role for The Friday's Soldiers (2005, Masoud Kimiai), from the 23rd Fajr International Film Festival. She is also the winner of best actress of 32nd Fajr International Film Festival.

## Personal life

She has a younger sister, Melika Zarei, who is also an actress.

## Filmography

Movies:
* Patak by Ali Ashghar Shadervan (1994)
* Ruy-e Khat-e Marg directed by Shafi Aghamohammadian (1995)
* Zan-e Sharghi directed by Rambod Lotfi (1996)
* Khalaban directed by Jamal Shurjeh (1996)
* Do Zan (Two Women) directed by Tahmineh Milani (1999)
* Tekyeh bar bad directed by Dariush Farhang (1999)
* The Fifth Reaction (The 5th Reaction) directed by Tahmineh Milani (2001)
* Eshgh-e Film directed by Ebrahim Vahidzadeh (2001)
* Ham Nafas directed by Mehdi Fakhimzadeh (2002)
* Mo'ādeleh directed by Ebrahim Vahidzadeh (2002)
* Sizdah Gorbeh ruy-e Shirvani directed by Ali Abdolalizadeh (2002)
* Sarbazhaye jome (Friday's Soldiers) directed by Masoud Kimiayie (2002)
* Mojaradha directed by Asghar Hashemi (2003)
* The Unwanted Woman directed by Tahmineh Milani (2005)
* Zagros directed by Mohammad Ali Najafi (2004)
* Hokm (Verdict) directed by Masoud Kimiayie (2004)
* Pāpital (Hedera helix) directed by Ardeshir Shelileh (2005)
* Dasthaye khali directed by Abolqasem Talebi (2007)
* Invitation (Davat) directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia (2008)
* About Elly, directed by Asghar Farhadi (2009)
* Keyfar directed by Hassan Fathi
* Digari directed by Mehdi Rahmani
* Nader and Simin, A Separation, directed by Asghar Farhadi (2011)
* I Feel Sleepy directed by Reza Attaran (2012)
* Bear directed by Khosro Masumi
* Hush! Girls Don't Scream directed by Pouran Derakhshandeh (2012)
* Golden Regime directed by Reza Sobhani
* Everything for sale directed by Amir Hossein Saghafi (2012)
* Che directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia (2012)
* Track 143 directed by Narges Abyar (2013)
* The Little Black Fish directed by Majid Esmaeili (2015)
* Bodyguard Ebrahim Hatamikia (2016)
* Under the Smoky Roof (2017)
* Henas (2022)
TV series:
* The Sea People directed by Siroos Moghaddam
* Mannequin directed by Hossein Soheilizadeh
* Jeyran directed by Hassan Fathi

## Awards and nominations

* Won Crystal Simorgh Best Actress - 32nd Fajr International Film Festival (2014), 35th Fajr International Film Festival (2017)
* nominated Track 143 Best Actress - 8th Asia Pacific Screen Awards (2014)
# Jankowice, Racibórz County

Jankowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kuźnia Raciborska, within Racibórz County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Kuźnia Raciborska, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Racibórz, and 45 km (28 mi) west of the regional capital Katowice.
# Energy Reorganization Act of 1974

The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93–438, 88 Stat. 1233, enacted October 11, 1974, codified at 42 U.S.C.A. § 5801) is a United States federal law that established the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, a single agency, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, had responsibility for the development and production of nuclear weapons and for both the development and the safety regulation of the civilian uses of nuclear materials. The Act of 1974 split these functions, assigning to the Energy Research and Development Administration (now the United States Department of Energy) the responsibility for the development and production of nuclear weapons, promotion of nuclear power, and other energy-related work, and assigning to the NRC the regulatory work, which does not include regulation of defense nuclear facilities. The Act of 1974 gave the Commission its collegial structure and established its major offices.
A later amendment to the Act also provided protections for employees, and whistleblowers, who raise nuclear safety concerns. Whistleblowers who believe they suffered retaliation for their protected activities have to file a written complaint with the United States Department of Labor (DOL) within 180 days of the first notice of the adverse action. The whistleblowers would later have a choice to have their claim heard by a DOL administrative law judge or to file a lawsuit in court and seek a trial to a judge or jury.

## Provisions of the act

The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 provided several policy elements regarding the Atomic Energy Commission and Nuclear Energy research.
Creation of the NRC:
* Established the Nuclear Regulatory Commission as an independent agency responsible for regulating civilian nuclear power plants and materials.

### Division of responsibilities

* Split the Atomic Energy Commission's functions, assigning nuclear weapons development to the Department of Defense and civilian nuclear power regulation to the NRC.

### Employee protection

* Included provisions protecting employees who raise concerns about nuclear safety from retaliation, known as "whistleblower protection".

### Research and development focus

* Created the Energy Research and Development Administration to focus on research and development of various energy sources, including fossil fuels and nuclear power.
# Cleome arenitensis

Cleome arenitensis is a species of plant in the Cleomaceae family and is found in Western Australia.
It is found in a small area along the coast in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
# Valde Garcia

Valdemar "Valde" Garcia (born 1958) is an American politician who served as a member of the Michigan Senate from 2003 to 2010 and Michigan House of Representatives from 1999 to 2001.

## Early life and education

Garcia was born in St. Johns, Michigan. In 1981, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and history from Cedarville University.

## Career

Garcia then served for the next ten years in the United States Army, reaching the rank of captain. He served in the Michigan Army National Guard. From 1991 until 1995 Garcia served on the staff of various Michigan state senators, including Doug Carl and Harmon G. Cropsey.
From 1995 to 1997 Garcia was a teacher at Laingsburg Christian School in Laingsburg, Michigan.
On November 3, 1998, Garcia won the election and became a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives for District 86. Garcia defeated Jack M. Brown and Will White. Garcia served until 2001.

## Personal life

Garcia is a Baptist. He and his wife have two children. Garcia and his family live in Howell, Michigan.
# Eva Ernström

Eva Margareta Ernström (2 September 1961 – 8 November 2017) was a Swedish long-distance runner. She competed in the women's 3000 metres at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Bond equivalent yield

The bond equivalent yield or BEY for an investment is a calculated annual percentage yield for an investment, which may not pay out yearly. It is not to be confused with a bond's coupon rate. This allows investments with different payout frequencies to be compared.
# Paradise Honors High School

33°35′59″N 112°26′05″W﻿ / ﻿33.599656°N 112.434729°W﻿ / 33.599656; -112.434729
Paradise Honors High School is a high school in Surprise, Arizona. It is operated by Paradise Education Centers, an Arizona Honors holder that also runs an elementary and middle school.