OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sudarshan Bhagat

Sudarshan Bhagat (born 20 October 1969; Hindi pronunciation:) is Kurukh Indian politician Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a member of the Indian Parliament, and represented Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency). He was the Minister of State for Tribal Affairs in the Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019.

## Political career

Bhagat was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly from Gumla constituency in 2000. After Jharkhand's formation in 2000, he was inducted as Minister of State in Babulal Marandi ministry. He continued as Minister in Arjun Munda ministry till 2005. In 2005 Jharkhand Assembly election, he had lost from Gumla constituency to Bhushan Tirkey of JMM by a meagre margin of 869 votes. He was elected as a Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Lohardaga constituency. He was re-elected again in 2014 & 2019. He was inducted in First Modi ministry during which he oversaw the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Rural Development, Agriculture & Tribal Affairs as a Union Minister of State. In 2024 election, he was denied ticket from Lohardaga constituency in favor of Sameer Oraon, Member of Rajya Sabha. However Sameer Oraon lost to Sukhdeo Bhagat of INC by a margin of 1,39,138 votes.
# Holagunda

Holagunda is a village and a Mandal in Kurnool district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.....
# Vishnu Dayal Ram

Vishnu Dayal Ram (Hindi pronunciation:) is a former director general police of Jharkhand state in India. He is a 1973 batch IPS officer and had served as DGP of Jharkhand Police twice from 1 July 2005 to 27 September 2006 and from 4 August 2007 to 13 January 2010. He has earlier served as SP of Bhagalpur and SSP of Patna. After retirement, he joined Bharatiya Janata Party and won 2014 Lok Sabha election from Palamu (Lok Sabha constituency). Vishnu Dayal Ram of BJP registered a hat-trick on the Palamu Lok Sabha seat by registering a win against RJD’s Mamta Bhuinya by a record margin of 2,88,807 votes in 2024 Lok Sabha
# Back Bay, New Brunswick

Back Bay is an unincorporated settlement in New Brunswick, Canada on the shore of a bay of the same name in the Bay of Fundy. Back Bay is a local descriptive being on the opposite side of a peninsula from Letete. It is the centre of a large aquaculture operation and is also home to the Back Bay Elementary School.

## History

In 1866 Back Bay was a farming and fishing community of about 30 families. The in 1871 was 200 people, growing to 300 by 1898 with a post office (established in 1872), two stores, and two churches. Back Bay was home to a Connors brothers sardine factory for many years until its closure in the late 1990s

## Aquaculture

A process called Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in the Bay includes Atlantic cod, saccharina latissima (sugar kelp), alaria esculenta (winged kelp), blue mussels, and Atlantic salmon, produced in a collaborative project by the University of New Brunswick and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and Cooke Aquaculture. There is a large aquaculture presence in Back Bay with main businesses such as Cookes Aquaculture and Mowi. There is also a lobster processing plant located in Back Bay which is owned by Bayshore lobster. There is also a large commercial fishing industry with the main fisheries being Lobster, Scallop, fish dragging, and rockweeding.
# Mearcair Planitia

Mearcair Planitia is a large plain on the planet Mercury. The name Mearcair is the Irish and Scottish Gaelic word for "Mercury", and the name was approved in 2017. It was first observed in detail by MESSENGER. It lies between the large crater Raditladi and the ancient Caloris basin.
Mearcair Planitia is one of four named plains that surround the Caloris basin (with Odin Planitia, Stilbon Planitia, and Tir Planitia). All of these plains are classified as smooth, as opposed to intracrater plains which have rougher topography. They also contain areas where kilometer-scale knobs protrude above the plains, and these areas are called the Odin Formation. The Odin Formation is interpreted as a mixture of impact melt and blocky basin ejecta, formed by the Caloris impact event.
The large crater Kerouac lies near the center of Mearcair Planitia.
# Cassia abbreviata

Cassia abbreviata, commonly known as the sjambok pod or long-tail cassia, is a mostly tropical tree species in the genus Cassia, which is native to Africa.

## Native distribution

Cassia abbreviata is native to east, northeast, south, and west-central Africa; found in Botswana, the DRC, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa (in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga), Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

## Uses

Proguibourtinidins, a type of condensed tannins, can be found in C. abbreviata and guibourtinidol, a flavan-3ol, can be found in its heartwood.

## Subspecies

Three subspecies are distinguished on the basis of petal size, pubescence and geographical distribution:
* Cassia abbreviata subsp. abbreviata
* Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareana (Holmes) Brenan
* Cassia abbreviata subsp. kassneri (Baker f.) Brenan
* Dehisced seed pod
* Foliage
# Lewis Moonie

Lewis George Moonie, Baron Moonie (born 25 February 1947) is a British politician. He was the Labour Co-operative Member of Parliament (MP) for Kirkcaldy from 1987 to 2005.

## Early life

He attended the Grove Academy in Dundee. He studied medicine at the Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews graduating with a MB ChB in 1970. In 1981 he graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a MSc in community medicine. He also became DPM in 1975, MRCPsych in 1979 and MFCM in 1984. From 1982 to 1986, he was a councillor on Fife Regional Council.

### Medical career

From 1973 to 1975 he was a trainee registrar in psychiatry. From 1975 to 1980 he was a research clinical pharmacologist and a medical advisor in the pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland, the Netherlands and Edinburgh. From 1980 to 1984, he was a trainee in community medicine for the Fife Health Board, becoming a Community Medicine Specialist from 1984 to 1987.

## Parliamentary career

He was elected at the 1987 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Kirkcaldy, and served until he retired from the House of Commons at the 2005 general election. He served as a junior minister at the Ministry of Defence.
On 13 May 2005 it was announced that he would be created a life peer, and on 22 June 2005 the peerage was gazetted as Baron Moonie, of Bennochy in Fife.

### The 'Cash for Influence' Scandal

In late-January 2009 The Sunday Times involved Lord Moonie in a classic 'sting operation'. Along with three other Labour peers, Lord Moonie was approached by a reporter. Of the four, Lord Moonie was the only one subsequently cleared by the House of Lords Sub-committee on Lords' Interests.
In the newspaper sting, "Moonie said he would contact Healey and offered to identify people who could put down an amendment." He quoted an annual fee for his assistance of £30,000. Lord Moonie is quoted as saying "I did not agree to amend the legislation. I agreed to seek to help to find a way of trying to amend the legislation."
The House of Lords Sub-committee on Lords' Interests was asked to report on the matter. It found that "on the standard of proof that we have set, we do not find that Lord Moonie expressed a clear willingness to breach the Code by promoting amendments on behalf of lobbyists in return for payment."
The Lords' Privileges Committee considered the sub-committee's report. It published its findings on 14 May 2009. It agreed that Lord Moonie had not breached the code.

## Personal life

He married Sheila Ann Burt on 28 December 1971. They have two sons.
# Ged Simmons

Ged Simmons (born 1960) is a British actor who played DI Alex Cullen in The Bill from 2000 to 2002. He has also been in Coronation Street, EastEnders, Bodyguards, Touching Evil, Holby City, Dream Team, The Rotters' Club, Doctors and Spooks.
In 2017, Simmons joined the cast of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child.
He is also the author of a number of screenplays and theatrical works. His first novel, The Gravedigger's Story, was published by impbooks in April 2004.
# Howmeh Rural District (Behbahan County)

Howmeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان حومه) is in the Central District of Behbahan County, Khuzestan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Mansuriyeh.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 16,969 in 3,521 households. There were 16,676 inhabitants in 4,225 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 12,200 in 3,237 households. The most populous of its 130 villages was Eslamabad-e Sofla, with 2,900 people.
# Eslamabad-e Sofla, Khuzestan

Eslamabad-e Sofla (Persian: اسلام ابادسفلي) is a village in Howmeh Rural District of the Central District of Behbahan County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 1,683 in 353 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,909 people in 448 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 2,900 people in 720 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Central District (Behbahan County)

The Central District of Behbahan County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان بهبهان) is in Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Behbahan.

## History

After the 2011 National Census, the village of Mansuriyeh was elevated to the status of a city.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 census, the district's population was 130,774 in 30,588 households. The following census in 2011 counted 138,530 people in 37,119 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 153,861 inhabitants in 3,720 households.

### Administrative divisions

Central District (Behbahan County) Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Dodangeh RD | 14,601 | 14,442 | 13,616 |
| Howmeh RD | 16,969 | 16,676 | 12,200 |
| Behbahan (city) | 99,204 | 107,412 | 122,604 |
| Mansuriyeh (city) | | | 5,441 |
| Total | 130,774 | 138,530 | 153,861 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Selfish (Future song)

"Selfish" is a song by American rapper Future for his sixth studio album, Hndrxx (2017), featuring Barbadian singer Rihanna, the song was released as the lead single from Hndrxx on February 28, 2017. The track was produced by Detail, Major Seven and Mantra.

## Composition

"Selfish" draws influences from the R&B and pop music genres. Future's voice is set with Auto-Tune.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 37 |
| Australia Urban (ARIA) | 3 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 4 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 18 |
| Canada (Canadian Hot 100) | 28 |
| CIS Airplay (TopHit) | 316 |
| Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100) | 36 |
| France (SNEP) | 34 |
| Hungary (Stream Top 40) | 40 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 78 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 17 |
| Portugal (AFP) | 34 |
| Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100) | 35 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 80 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 51 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 94 |
| UK R&B (Official Charts Company) | 25 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 37 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 15 |
| US Rhythmic (Billboard) | 13 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2017) | Position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 85 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000$^‡$ |
| Canada (Music Canada) | 2× Platinum | 160,000$^‡$ |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Platinum | 30,000$^‡$ |
| Sweden (GLF) | Gold | 20,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Farewell to Tarwathie

Farewell to Tarwathie (Fareweel Tae Tarwathie, Roud number 2562) is a folk song written by George Scroggie in Aberdeenshire, Scotland around 1850. The piece is part of the collection The Peasant's Lyre, preserved in the Library of Congress, published in 1857 in Aberdeen, in which the poem Farewell to Tarwathie appears with 16 stanzas.

## Recordings

* 1966, Gordon McIntyre, A Wench, a Whale and a Pint of Good Ale (album)
* 1970, Judy Collins on the album Whales and Nightingales.
* 1971, Ewan MacColl sang the song on The Critics Group album As We Were A-Sailing
* 1973 Fungus (band) – Farewell To Tarwathie
* 1975, Liam Clancy – Farewell To Tarwathie (album), Plainsong Records – PS 1001, Canada
* 2008, "Fareweel Tae Tarwathie" by Bounding Main released on their 2008 album Going Overboard.
# Île aux Aigrettes

Ile aux Aigrettes is an islet off the south-east coast of Mauritius. It functions as a nature reserve and a scientific research station. It is also a popular visitors attraction—both for tourists and for Mauritians.

## Geography

It has an area of 27 hectares (67 acres) and is the largest islet in the Grand Port bay, 850 metres (2,790 ft) off the south-east coast of Mauritius and roughly a kilometer (0.62 mi) from the coastal town of Mahebourg. It is low-lying and is formed from coral-limestone (unlike the majority of Mauritius which is from volcanic rock).

## Nature reserve and conservation

Ile aux Aigrettes conserves the world's only remaining piece of Mauritius Dry Coastal Forest—a once plentiful vegetation type. It is therefore home to a large number of extremely rare or endangered species of plants and animals.
Over several hundred years, indigenous flora and fauna was devastated by logging and invasive species. In this sense, the islet shared the same fate as the rest of Mauritius. The Dodo and the indigenous species of giant tortoise became extinct, as did many plant species.
Relicts of some species survived though, and in 1965 the island was declared a nature reserve. There followed intense work to restore the vegetation and the few remaining indigenous animal species. In addition, several other species which had disappeared from the island—but survived elsewhere in Mauritius—were reintroduced.
Reptile species include the large, slow Telfairs Skink, several species of ornately coloured day gecko, and a population of non-indigenous Aldabra giant tortoise, brought to Île aux Aigrettes to take over the important ecological role of the extinct Mauritian tortoises. The large tortoises eat and spread the plant seeds and thereby help the forest to rejuvenate naturally.
The rare, endemic ebony tree species Diospyros egrettarum, is named after this island, on which it is plentiful.

## Endemic Mauritius animals on the island

* Mauritius fody (Foudia rubra) male
* Mauritius olive white-eye (Zosterops chloronothos)
* Pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri)
* Mauritius ornate day gecko (Phelsuma ornata)

## Other flora and fauna

* One of the local species of ebony, Diospyros egrettarum (named after the island)
* Gastonia mauritiana ("Bois boeuf") forming part of the forest canopy
* A non-indigenous Aldabra giant tortoise, brought to Île aux Aigrettes to take over the ecological role of the extinct Mauritian tortoises
# CPIA

CPIA may refer to:
* Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center
* Country Policy and Institutional Assessment, which is the rating of countries against a set of 16 criteria grouped in four clusters: economic management, structural policies, policies for social inclusion and equity, and public sector management and institutions.
* Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, a UK Act of Parliament.
* The Centre for Public Interest Audit, an independent body founded in 2024, working on behalf those working on public interest entity (PIE) audits in the UK.
# Vynnyky

Vynnyky (Ukrainian: Винники, IPA: , Polish: Winniki) is a small city in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It belongs to Lviv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population was estimated to be 19,037 (2022 estimate).

## History

Since the mid-14th century, until the Partitions of Poland, Vynnyky, called in Polish Winniki, belonged to Ruthenian Voivodeship, Kingdom of Poland. From 1772 to 1918, it was part of Austrian Galicia, and in the interbellum period, the town returned to Poland, as part of Lwow Voivodeship. In 1925 the population of the city accounted for 6,000 residents out which 3,300 were Polish, 2,150 – Ruthenians, 350 – Jewish, and 200 – Germans.
Until 18 July 2020, Vynnyky belonged to Lviv Municipality. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Lviv Municipality was merged into the newly established Lviv Raion.

## Gallery

* Church of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist
* Stores and cigarette factory

## Notable people

* Andreas Bolek (1894–1945); Austrian Nazi
* Lyubomyr Dmyterko (1911–1985) – Soviet and Ukrainian poet, writer, playwright
* Myron Markevych — Ukrainian football manager
* Antoni Laub – Polish painter
* Katrya Hrynevycheva – Ukrainian writer and community leader
* Robert Reyman – general of the Polish Army
* Jerzy Rosolowicz – Polish painter

## International Relations
### Twin towns – sister cities

Vynnyky is twinned with:
* Dębica, Poland
* Milovice, Czech Republic
# Sandridge Lychgate

Sandridge Lychgate is a war memorial in the village of Sandridge, Hertfordshire, England. The timber lychgate with its flanking walls is listed Grade II, and is the entrance to the churchyard of St Leonard's Church, Sandridge. It records the names of the community's 24 fallen soldiers and also those of survivors of World War I.

## Background

In the aftermath of World War I and its unprecedented casualties, thousands of war memorials were built across Britain. Sandridge is one of a number of lychgate war memorials. Another Hertfordshire example is at Benington.

## Dedication

An inscription on the left side of the gate reads
   TO / THE GLORY OF GOD / THIS LYCHGATE / WAS ERECTED/ IN GRATEFUL MEMORY / OF THE MEN / OF THIS PARISH / WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES / IN THE GREAT WAR / 1914 - 1918 / AND / KEEPS ALIVE ALSO / THE MEMORY OF / THOSE WHO FELL / IN THE WORLD WAR OF / 1939 - 1945

### Dedication ceremony

The Lychgate was unveiled and dedicated in a ceremony on Sunday 24 April 1921 at 3pm.
* A detachment of the St Alban's Church Lads' Brigade will line the churchyard leading from the North door
* The Clergy and Choir will take up position on the inside of the Lychgate; the mourners immediately in front of it on the outside; the ex servicemen to the left and the school children to the right. The remainder of the congregation are asked to occupy the ground behind the mourners
The lesson was Revelation xxxi, 1-7 and read by the Reverend T. W. Lister. The Address was given by the Dean of St Albans the Very Reverend G W Blenkin. At the Lychgate itself the unveiling was by Colonel Henry Page Croft MP.
The final hymn sung by the children
   O valiant Hearts Who to your glory came"
This was followed by the Benediction, then The Last Post a brief silence and the Reveille and the National Anthem.

## Conservation

The gate and its flanking walls were listed in 1984.
# 2001 SANFL Grand Final

The 2001 South Australian National Football League (SANFL) Grand Final saw the Central District Bulldogs defeat the Woodville-West Torrens by 39 points to claim the club's second premiership victory.
The match was played on Sunday 7 October 2001 at Football Park in front of a crowd of 26,378.
2001 Central District Premiership Team :
| B: | Tyson Hay (#2) | Paul Geister (#31) | Damian Hicks (#14) |
| HB: | Brent Guerra (#44) | Brian Haraida (#19) | Heath Hopwood (#45) |
| C: | Martin McKinnon (#11) | Ricky MacGowan (#23) | Nathan Steinberner (#34) |
| HF: | Daniel Healy (#51)(Captain) | Sam McArdle (#12) | James Gowans (#28) |
| F: | Michael Stevens (#10) | Kynan Ford (#18) | Matthew Slade (#59) |
| Foll: | Paul Scoullar (#33) | Chris Gowans (#21) | Simon Arnott (#42) |
| Int: | Damien Arnold (#5) | Quinton Graham (#38) | Marco Bello (#7) |
| Coach: | Alastair Clarkson | Alastair Clarkson | Alastair Clarkson |
The Jack Oatey Medal for the best player on the ground was won by Central's Rick MacGowan.
# List of Abraham Lincoln artifacts and relics

This is a list of artifacts and relics related to the life, 1865 death, and legacy of United States President Abraham Lincoln, his presidency, and his family.
* The bed that Lincoln occupied in the Petersen House and other items from the bedroom were bought by Chicago collector Charles F. Gunther and are now owned by and on display at the Chicago History Museum.
* At Ford's Theatre, the National Park Service has a Brooks Brothers overcoat and suit worn by Lincoln on the night he was shot, as well as two pillows from Lincoln's deathbed at the Petersen House across the street.
* The Army Medical Museum, now named the National Museum of Health and Medicine, has retained in its collection several artifacts relating to the assassination. Currently on display are the bullet that struck Lincoln, the probe used by Barnes, pieces of Lincoln's skull and hair, and the surgeon's cuff stained with Lincoln's blood.
* The chair in which Lincoln was shot is on display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.
* Found in Lincoln's pockets after his death were two pairs of eyeglasses, an eyeglass case, a lens polisher, a pocketknife, a watch fob, a monogrammed sleeve button, a monogrammed linen handkerchief, and a brown leather wallet containing a pencil, a Confederate five-dollar bill, and eight recent newspaper clippings with favorable remarks about Lincoln and his policies, including British MP John Bright's testimonial for Lincoln's re-election. The Confederate currency was probably acquired as a souvenir when Lincoln visited Richmond and Petersburg earlier that month. These items were kept in the Lincoln family for many years and are now stored in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division in the Library of Congress.
* The day before his assassination, Lincoln wrote a personal check for $800 to "self", reportedly to cover some debts incurred by his wife. That check, and several other historical checks, were put on display by Huntington Bank at a branch in Cleveland in 2012, after a Huntington employee discovered the checks in 2011 while looking through old documents from a bank Huntington had acquired in 1983. Although checks from several other historical figures were also on display, the check written by Lincoln two days before his death received the most attention.
# Command Query Responsibility Segregation

In information technology, Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) is a system architecture that extends the idea behind command–query separation (CQS) to the level of services. Such a system will have separate interfaces to send queries and to send commands. As in CQS, fulfilling a query request will only retrieve data and will not modify the state of the system (with some exceptions like logging access), while fulfilling a command request will modify the state of the system.
Many systems push the segregation to the data models used by the system. The models used to process queries are usually called read models and the models used to process commands write models.
Although its origin is usually attributed to Greg Young in 2010, everything indicates that the precursor of CQRS was Udi Dahan who in August 2008 published on his blog a training course that aimed to apply CQRS together with SOA and in more detail in December 2009 in the article Clarified CQRS.