OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1920 Golders Green Handley Page O/400 crash

The 1920 Handley Page O/400 crash occurred on 14 December 1920 when a Handley Page Transport Handley Page O/400 on a scheduled passenger flight from London to Paris with two crew and six passengers crashed at Golders Green in North London after take-off from Cricklewood Aerodrome. The crew of two and two passengers were killed in the first fatal accident for the airline since the service had started in December 1919. It was reported as the first recorded airliner crash in history, but a larger airliner had crashed the previous year.

## Aircraft

The aircraft involved was a Handley Page O/400 registered G-EAMA, a large seven-passenger twin-engined biplane airliner. It had been built by the Birmingham Carriage Company and delivered to the Royal Air Force as a bomber during the First World War. As war surplus, it was converted into a passenger configuration in 1919 by Handley Page and used by Handley Page Transport for passenger services.

## Accident

The aircraft departed from Cricklewood Aerodrome around mid-day with six passengers, mail and freight for Paris. The weather was misty and the aircraft was seen flying low and crashing into a tree, falling into a back garden of a house in Golders Green (No. 6 Basing Hill) close to the airfield. Four passengers jumped or were thrown clear before the aircraft burst into flames. Two were unhurt and the other two only slightly injured. The two crew and two remaining passengers were killed in the fire. Locals rushed to help but due to the intense heat, the rescue efforts were futile. The Hendon Fire Brigade extinguished the fire and removed the bodies; the aircraft was destroyed and the newly built house was badly damaged.

## Passengers

Four passengers were killed in the crash, named as Sam Salinger, 17-year old Van der Eist, the pilot Robert Bager, and plane mechanic J[ohn] H Williams, 27. The four passengers who managed to escape were named as E Rosenthal, Alexander Bona, P Curioni, and E Studd.

## Inquest

An inquest to the four deaths was held at Hendon on 16 December 1920. One of the survivors explained the events to the inquest, although he saw the engines being tested before the flight he did not hear any problems with them but the aircraft was not able to climb above 100 feet and suddenly struck a tree. After the aircraft had crashed he immediately climbed over the debris and escaped through a window. Other evidence came from another passenger, the dispatcher and one of the first to arrive on the scene, a ground engineer and the pilot who had flown the aircraft the previous day; all were questioned but the cause of the aircraft hitting a tree under 50 feet (15 m) high was not determined. The coroner recorded a verdict that "the deceased died from consequence of burns due to the crashing of the aeroplane to the ground after striking a tree"; the coroner also said he did not have enough evidence to determine a cause.
# Zinovy Roizman

Zinovy Aleksandrovich Roizman (Russian: Зиновий Александрович Ройзман; 11 September 1941 – 6 June 2022) was a Russian film and animation director and screenwriter. He is well-known for directing the miniseries Snipers: Love under the Crosshairs and Empire Under Attack.
# Henry Oscar Houghton

Henry Oscar Houghton (/ˈhoʊtən/; April 30, 1823 – August 25, 1895) was an American publisher, co-founder of Houghton Mifflin and a mayor of Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Biography

Houghton was born into a poor family in Sutton, Vermont. At age thirteen, he started working as an apprentice at The Burlington Free Press, where he became a typesetter. After graduation from the University of Vermont, he moved to Boston to work first as a reporter, then proofreader. He then joined a small Cambridge firm, Freeman & Bolles, that typeset and printed books for Little, Brown and Company. At age 25, he became a partner, and in 1849, the company was renamed Bolles and Houghton. After Bolles left in 1851, Houghton briefly entered a partnership with his cousin, Rufus Haywood, then with Edmund Hatch Bennett, before taking on full responsibility in 1855. In 1852, Houghton moved the business to a property beside the Charles River, renaming it the Riverside Press.
Before the Riverside Press, American books had generally been printed with poor ink on cheap paper. Houghton insisted on much higher quality; his motto was "Do it well or not at all". The result was very successful. He became the main printer for publishers Ticknor and Fields, and, in 1863, was engaged by G. & C. Merriam Company to print and bind their new dictionary.
In 1864, Houghton entered the publishing business and formed a partnership with a New York publisher, Melancthon M. Hurd, who obtained half interest in the Riverside Press. Within three years, the company increased its workforce from 90 to 300 employees. Hurd & Houghton struggled initially as a publisher, contending especially with lackluster periodical sales, and would not turn a profit until 1870. Hurd & Houghton was the successor of James G. Gregory, W. A. Townsend & Co. and Stringer & Townsend.
The Riverside Press continued to operate successfully, however, and Houghton purchased the property it occupied in 1867. George Harrison Mifflin (1845–1921) became a partner in 1872, the same year that Houghton served as mayor of Cambridge. In 1878, when Hurd retired, Houghton joined with James R. Osgood of Ticknor and Fields, merging their firms to create Houghton, Osgood and Company. The firm was plagued by debts brought in by Osgood, and dissolved in 1880 when Osgood left the partnership. Houghton and Mifflin then formed Houghton, Mifflin and Co.; Lawson Valentine, who became a partner and provided $200,000 in fresh capital, helped to mitigate their debts. Houghton's firm also retained the right to the Tickner and Fields backlist, from which it could freely benefit.
Houghton died at his summer home in North Andover, Massachusetts on August 25, 1895. He had one son and three daughters. In his 1891 will, he appointed daughter Elizabeth Harris Houghton "representative to nominate a patient for the free bed the testator established in the Cambridge hospital".
# Jim Wych

Jim Wych (born 11 January 1955 in Calgary) is a Canadian sports commentator and former professional snooker and pocket billiards player. He turned professional in 1979 and reached the quarter-final of the 1980 World Snooker Championship in his debut year, and reached the world championship quarter-final stage again in 1992. Wych also reached the quarter-finals of two other ranking tournaments, the 1986 British Open and the 1989 European Open. He reached the final of the men's doubles at the 1991 World Masters, playing with Brady Gollan.
A two-time Canadian amateur champion, in 1979 and 1999, Wych retired from professional snooker in 1997 and now works mainly as a television pool and snooker commentator, including for Sky Sports, where he started working in the early 1990s.
Wych was ranked in the top 64 players each year for 15 consecutive seasons, from 1980/1981 to 1994/1995. His highest career ranking was 17, in the snooker world ranking lists for 1980/1981 and 1981/1982.

## Career finals
### Non-ranking finals: 4

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent in the final | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 1980 | Canadian Professional Championship | Cliff Thorburn | 6–9 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 1981 | Pot Black | Cliff Thorburn | 0-2 |
| Runner-up | 3. | 1986 | Canadian Professional Championship (2) | Cliff Thorburn | 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 4. | 1988 | Canadian Professional Championship (3) | Alain Robidoux | 4–8 |

### Team finals: 1

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Team/partner | Opponent(s) in the final | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 1991 | World Masters | Brady Gollan | Mike Hallett Stephen Hendry | 5–8 |

### Amateur finals: 2 (2 titles)

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent in the final | Score |
| Winner | 1. | 1979 | Canadian Amateur Championship | Bob Paquette | 10–7 |
| Winner | 2. | 1999 | Canadian Amateur Championship (2) | Tom Finstad | 6–4 |
# Sapteshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir

Sapteshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir (Sanskrit: सप्तेश्वर नाथ महादेव मंदिर), also known as Mithileshwarnath Mahadev Mandir, is an ancient temple of Lord Shiva in the Mithila region of the Indian Subcontinent. It is located at Satoshar Sthan in the Dhanusha district of the Madhesh Pradesh province in the plains of the Terai region in the Himalayan nation of Nepal. This temple is one of the fifteen locations in the famous Mithila Madhya Parikrama.

## Etymology

The name Sapteshwar is a Sanskrit word derived from Saptarshi in Hinduism. The temple is attributed to the Saptarshi sages. It is believed that the Saptarshi sages had performed their Tapasya at the location of the campus of the temple. So that the name of the temple is attributed after their common name Saptarshi. The name of the campus of the temple is Satoshar Sthan.

## Description

Sapteshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir is located at the campus of the ancient Ashram of Saptarshi in the Mithila region of Nepal. According to legend, it is believed that the Satoshar Sthan in the Mithila region was once the ashram of the Saptarshi sages. During the pilgrimage of the famous Mithila Madhya Parikrama, the pilgrims reach and take rest here on the 11th day of the journey. According to legend, it is said that the King Janaka built four temples of Lord Shiva on the four corners of the capital Janakpurdham in the ancient Mithila Kingdom . These temples are Kalyaneshwar Mahadev Mandir, Jaleshwar Mahadev Mandir, Kshireshwar Mahadev Mandir and Sapteshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir.
# Charlie Lake Cave

The Charlie Lake Cave (Tse'KWa) is an archaeological site in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Its Borden System designation is HbRf 39. In a waste pit in front of the small cave, artifacts up to 10,500 years old have been found which are considered to be the oldest evidence of ritual acts in Canada. The cave is located a few kilometers north of Fort St. John, near Charlie Lake.
No artifacts were found in the cave itself, which measures 45 m × 6 m (148 ft × 20 ft), but in a kind of waste pit in front of the cave entrance. The artifacts go back 11,000 years, including a fluted point, six retouched flakes and a small bone bead. These findings provide evidence of the northward migration of hunters and bison. In addition, two buried ravens were found, which are the oldest traces of rituals in Canada.
Knut R. Fladmark examined the archaeological site for the first time in 1974 and returned in 1983. Excavation areas were opened, and paleo-Indian stone tools and animal bones remains were discovered. The excavation layers were found to be intact, and it soon turned out that the oldest layer is representative of the historic megafauna. This first excavation revealed five layers.
# Richard Clitherow (bishop)

Richard George Clitherow (1909–1984) was the fifth Suffragan Bishop of Stafford. Educated at Dulwich College and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, he was ordained in 1936 and began his career with a curacy at Bermondsey. When World War II came he became a Naval Chaplain. From 1946 to 1958 he was Canon Residentiary at Guildford Cathedral before ascending to the Episcopate, a post he held until retirement 18 years later.
# Edward Thomas Williams

Edward Thomas Williams (1901–1973) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. He gained prominence as chief of artillery for the Third United States Army in Europe during World War II, commander of the United States Army Field Artillery Center, and commander of the Fourth United States Army.

## Early life

Williams was born in Detroit, Michigan, on 6 February 1901. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1920.

## Early career

In 1921 Williams graduated from the Field Artillery Basic Course.
Williams served in artillery assignments of increasing rank and responsibility throughout the 1920s and 1930s, including a posting to Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, as a member of the 13th Field Artillery Regiment, assignment to Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, and a position as an instructor at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
In 1939 Williams graduated from the Command and General Staff College.

## World War II

Williams served as commander of the Third United States Army Artillery during World War II, taking part in operations throughout Europe after the D-Day invasion and earning the Distinguished Service Medal.

## Post World War II

From 1950 to 1952 Williams was assigned as deputy chief of staff for operations at the U.S. Army European Command.
Williams served as chief of staff for U.S. Army, Europe from 1952 to 1953.
In 1953 Williams was appointed deputy commander of the Third United States Army, serving until 1954.
Williams was then named commander of the United States Army Field Artillery Center, serving from 1954 to 1956.
In 1956 Williams was named deputy commander of the Continental Army Command, a position he held until 1959.
In 1958 he chaired the Williams Board, which reviewed and recommended changes to the Army's professional education system for officers.
Williams was selected to command the Fourth United States Army in 1959, and he served in this post until his retirement.
While commanding the Fourth Army Williams represented the United States at the funeral of Walter Williams of Texas, who claimed to have been a Confederate soldier and the last living American Civil War veteran.

## Retirement and awards

General Williams retired in 1961. His awards and decorations included two Distinguished Service Medals, the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal and the Order of the Patriotic War First Class (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).

## Death and burial

Williams died on 14 October 1973, in San Antonio, Texas. He was buried at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery, Section PA, Site 249-C.
# Nanny Simon

Nanny Simon (born 23 June 1931) is a Dutch gymnast. She competed in seven events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
# Alva, Gotland

Alva is a populated area, a socken (not to be confused with parish), on the Swedish island of Gotland. It comprises the same area as the administrative Alva District, established on 1 January 2016.

## Geography

Alva is the name of the socken as well as the district. It is also the name of the small village surrounding the medieval Alva Church, sometimes referred to as Alva kyrkby. It is situated in the south part of Gotland.
As of 2019, Alva Church belongs to Alva-Hemse-Rone parish in Sudrets pastorat, along with the churches in Hemse and Rone.
# Blitum bonus-henricus

Blitum bonus-henricus (syn. Chenopodium bonus-henricus), also called Good-King-Henry, poor-man's asparagus, perennial goosefoot, Lincolnshire spinach, Markery, English mercury, or mercury goosefoot, is a species of goosefoot which is native to much of central and southern Europe.
Good-King-Henry has been grown as a vegetable in cottage gardens for hundreds of years, although this dual-purpose vegetable is now rarely grown and the species is more often considered a weed.

## Description

It is an annual or perennial plant growing up to 60 centimetres (24 inches) tall. The leaves are 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and broad, triangular to diamond-shaped, with a pair of broad pointed lobes near the base, with a slightly waxy, succulent texture. The flowers are produced in a tall, nearly leafless spike 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long; each flower is very small (3–5 millimetres or 1⁄8–3⁄16 inch in diameter), greenish, with five sepals. The seeds are reddish-green, 2–3 mm in diameter.

## Taxonomy

The species was described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus as Chenopodium bonus-henricus in Species Plantarum. Until 2012, the species was usually included in genus Chenopodium, but molecular genetical research revealed that it does not really belong to this genus. It seems to be more closely related to the genus Spinacia, and is now placed in the genus Blitum in the tribe Anserineae. The scientific name Blitum bonus-henricus was first used by Ludwig Reichenbach in 1832.
Synonyms basing on the same type specimen are: Agathophytum bonus-henricus (L.) Moq., Anserina bonus-henricus (L.) Dumort., Atriplex bonus-henricus (L.) Crantz, Chenopodium bonus-henricus L., Orthospermum bonus-henricus (L.) Schur, and Orthosporum bonus-henricus (L.) T. Nees. Heterotypic synonyms are: Blitum perenne Bubani, Chenopodium hastatum St.-Lag., Chenopodium ruderale Kit. ex Moq., Chenopodium ruderale St.-Lag., Chenopodium sagittatum Lam., Chenopodium spinacifolium Stokes, Chenopodium triangulare Dulac, Chenopodium triangularifolia Gilib., and Orthosporum unctuosum Montandon.

## Distribution and habitat

It can be found throughout Britain and Europe generally, except in the southeast.

## Uses

Cropping can begin in spring. Some of the new shoots can be thinned out as they appear (usually from mid-spring to early summer) and cooked like asparagus. All cutting should then cease so that shoots are allowed to develop. The succulent triangular leaves may be harvested a few at a time until the end of August and eaten raw or cooked like spinach. The flower buds can be cooked as well.
# New Guinean long-nosed bandicoot

The New Guinean long-nosed bandicoots (genus Peroryctes) are members of the order Peramelemorphia. They are small to medium-sized marsupial omnivores native to New Guinea.
Two fossil taxa from Australia, Peroryctes tedfordi and then-unnamed Silvicultor hamiltonensis, were originally assigned to this genus, but they were subsequently transferred to the separate genus Silvicultor.
# Marble Cave (Crimea)

Marble Caves (Russian: Мра́морная пещера, Ukrainian: Мармурова печера, Crimean Tatar: Mermer qobası, Мермер къобасы) is a cave in Crimea, at the lower plateau of Chatyr-Dag, mountainous massif. It is a popular tourist attraction being one of the most visited caves in Europe.
Due to its uniqueness, the Marble Cave became famous worldwide. Speleologists consider it among the top five most beautiful caves of the planet, and one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine. In 1992, it was included in the International Association of equipped caves.

## History

In 1987, the Simferopol speleology team discovered a cave with a complex system of halls and galleries between Bin Bash-Koba (Thousand Heads) and Suuk-Koba (Cold). The new cave, that lay at the altitude of 920 metres (3,020 ft) above sea level, was called Marble (initially, also the name "Afghan" was used), due to the fact it that was formed by marble limestone. In 1988, the center of speleology tourism Onyx-tour established sightseeing tours, concrete paths were laid, and lighting.
The tour goes through the Fairy Tales gallery, Tiger Path, with hundreds of various stalactites, the Reconstruction Room, the largest cave room of the Crimea and one of the largest equipped rooms in Europe with its length of 100 metres and height of 28 metres, the Pink Room, with stone roses covering the top of the room, the Palace Hall, with "Queen" and "King" columns, and the Hope and Balcony Room. A stalactite "forest" leads to the Luster Room. Dozens of precious "chandeliers" hang down from the ceiling covered with coralite "flowers", some of them almost reach the floor. Here is the place where the tour ends, yet the cave has four more rooms: Landslide, Channel, Chocolate, and Geliktite.
# Castejón Mountains

The Castejón Mountains (Spanish: Montes de Castejón) are a mountain range in the Cinco Villas comarca of Aragon, Spain, located about 30 km (19 mi) to the north of Zaragoza. They are named after the town of Castejón de Valdejasa in the midst of the range.

## Description

The Castejón Mountains are covered with low and mostly sparse forest made up mainly Carrasca (Quercus ilex) and pine trees, often subject to wildfires during droughts. The ridge's highest summit is Esteban (747 m). Other important summits are Guarizo (745 m), Pogallinero (639 m), Escalerilla (585 m) and Lomaza (476 m).
The northwestern part of the range is also known as Sierra de Erla, after the town of Erla, located further north, or as Montes de Sora, after the Sora Castle.
There are also wind turbines installed in some of the upper ridges.
# 16 Cygni Bb

16 Cygni Bb or HD 186427 b is an extrasolar planet approximately 69 light-years (21 parsecs) away in the constellation of Cygnus. The planet was discovered orbiting the Sun-like star 16 Cygni B, one of two solar-mass (M$_☉$) components of the triple star system 16 Cygni in 1996. It orbits its star once every 799 days and was the first eccentric Jupiter and planet in a double star system to be discovered. The planet is abundant in lithium.

## Discovery

On the 22nd of October 1996, the discovery of a planetary-mass companion to the star 16 Cygni B was announced, with a mass at least 1.68 times that of Jupiter (M$_J$). At the time, it had the highest orbital eccentricity of any known planet. The discovery was made by measuring the star's radial velocity.
As the inclination of the orbit cannot be directly measured and as no dynamic model of the system was then published, only a lower limit on the mass could then be determined.

## Orbit

Unlike the planets in the Solar System, the planet's orbit is highly elliptical, and its distance varies from 0.54 AU (50 million mi; 81 million km) at periastron to 2.8 AU (260 million mi; 420 million km) at apastron. This high eccentricity may have been caused by tidal interactions in the binary star system, and the planet's orbit may vary chaotically between low and high-eccentricity states over a period of tens of millions of years.
Preliminary astrometric measurements in 2001 suggested the orbit of 16 Cygni Bb may be highly inclined with respect to our line of sight (at around 173°). This would mean the object's mass may be around 14 M$_J$; the dividing line between planets and brown dwarfs is at 13 M$_J$. However these measurements were later proved useful only for upper limits.

## Physical characteristics

Because the planet has only been detected indirectly by measurements of its parent star, properties such as its radius, composition, and temperature are unknown.
A mathematical study in 2012 showed that a mass of about 2.4 M$_J$ would be most stable in this system. This would make the body a true planet.
The planet's highly eccentric orbit means the planet would experience extreme seasonal effects. Despite this, simulations suggest that an Earth-like moon, should it have formed in an orbit so close to the parent star, would be able to support liquid water at its surface for part of the year.
# Nel Büch

Petronella "Nel" Büch (6 December 1931, de Vos – 5 February 2013) was a Dutch sprinter. She competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the 100 m and 4 × 100 m relay and finished in sixth place in the relay. Between 1950 and 1954 she won five national titles in the 4 × 100 m relay with the team of her club Sagitta.
# John Russell (Missouri politician)

John T. Russell (September 22, 1931 – March 25, 2016) was an American politician who served as a Missouri state representative from 1962 until 1974 and a Missouri state senator from 1976 until 2000.
Born in Lebanon, Missouri, Russell previously served in the United States Air Force and as Minority Floor Leader in the Missouri Senate.
# Fred Roberts (American football guard)

Fred Everett Roberts (March 18, 1907 – January 17, 1982) was an American football player. He played college football for the University of Iowa where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity, vice president of the junior class, and a member of the track team. In 1928 and 1929 he was voted All-Big Ten and in 1929 was voted a United Press All-American. In the National Football League (NFL), he played as a guard for the Portsmouth Spartans from 1930 to 1932. He appeared in 26 NFL games, 16 as a starter.
He moved to Kansas City, Kansas after leaving football in 1935 and became a production manager for a food company. After twenty-five years with the company he left and opened his own liquor store until he retired in 1978. He was the son of Ora Joseph Roberts and Katherine Margaret Edwards Roberts. His wife's name was Gertrude and he had a son named Michael. He was a member of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Ducks Unlimited, and the Elks.