OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maria Elisa Antonelli

Maria Elisa Mendes Ticon Antonelli (born 25 February 1984) is a Brazilian beach volleyball player. She competed with Talita Antunes at the 2012 Summer Olympics, qualifying from group E before losing to the Czech team of Kristýna Kolocová and Markéta Sluková in the last 16.
# Beatrice Tărășilă

Beatrice Tărășilă (born 21 May 1997) is a Romanian footballer who plays as a midfielder and has appeared for the Romania women's national team.

## Career

Tărășilă has been capped for the Romania national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.
# Lonchocarpus urucu

Lonchocarpus urucu, or barbasco, is plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the tropical forests of Peru, as well as of Brazil and Guyana, growing from 100–1,800 metres (330–5,910 ft) above sea level. It was also recorded in Venezuela.
Cubé resin, the root extract from Barbasco and from cubé (Lonchocarpus utilis), is used as a commercial insecticide and piscicide (fish poison). The major active ingredients are rotenone and deguelin. Although "organic" (produced by nature), rotenone is no longer considered an environmentally safe chemical.

## Taxonomic status

The taxonomic status as a species with the name Lonchocarpus urucu ist still to be resolved, as it is also considered a variety of Deguelia rufescens: Deguelia rufescens var. urucu (Killip & A.C.Sm.) A.M.G.Azeved.

## Toxicity

Barbasco is toxic to insects, fish, and other pests. The primary threat to humans and other mammals comes from inhaling the powdered root or root extract. It has been used by the Shuar people of Ecuador and the Nukak people of Colombia as a poison for fishing.
# Washington H. Timmerman

Washington Hodges Timmerman (May 29, 1832 – July 14, 1908) was an American politician. Between 1893 and 1897 he was the 61st Lieutenant Governor of the State of South Carolina.

## Career

Washington Timmerman grew up in Edgefield County. After subsequent medical studies and his admission as a doctor, he began to work in this profession. He also worked as a farmer. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate Army, where he rose to the rank of captain. Politically, he was a member of the Democratic Party. He served in both the House of Representatives of South Carolina and the Senate of South Carolina, where he served as President Pro Tempore.
Following the resignation of Lieutenant Governor Eugene B. Gary, who resigned to serve as a justice at the South Carolina Supreme Court, Timmerman was forced to assume the vacated office of Lieutenant Governor, in accordance with the state constitution as "President Pro Tempore" of the State Senate. He was later officially elected. This position he held between 1893 and 1898. He was a deputy to the Governor and Formal Chairman of the Senate. Until 1894 he officiated under Governor Benjamin Tillman and then under his successor John Gary Evans. In 1895 Timmerman participated as a delegate to a constitutional convention of his state. He was also twice Secretary of State of South Carolina as State Treasurer. He died on July 14, 1908.
# Gunsight Mountain

Gunsight Mountain is a prominent 6,441-foot (1,963 m) elevation summit located 56 mi (90 km) northeast of Palmer in the Talkeetna Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. This landmark is set midway between Palmer and Glennallen, with the Glenn Highway traversing the southern base of this mountain. This remote mountain is situated at the east end of Sheep Mountain, and 12.2 mi (20 km) northeast of Mount Wickersham, its nearest higher peak. The mountain's descriptive local name was reported in 1952 by U.S. Geological Survey, and derives from a conspicuous deep notch in the summit ridge which has the appearance of a gunsight. This mountain is called Siz'aani, meaning "Heart", in the Ahtna language.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Gunsight Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Matanuska River.
# Thomas James (disambiguation)

Thomas James (c. 1573–1629) was an English librarian and Anglican clergyman.
Thomas, Tommy or Tom James may also refer to

## Sports

* Tom James (rower) (born 1984), British rower
* Tom James (rugby union, born 1987), Welsh rugby union footballer
* Tom James (rugby union, born 1993), English rugby union footballer
* Tom James (English footballer) (born 1988), English footballer
* Tom James (Welsh footballer) (born 1996), Welsh footballer
* Tommy James (American football) (1923–2007), American football cornerback
* Tommy James (rugby league), Australian rugby league footballer

## Politicians

* Thomas James (died 1619), English politician
* General Thomas James (1782–1847), trapper who served in the Illinois Legislature, was a General in the Illinois Militia, and served in the Black Hawk War
* Tom James (Texas politician) (born 1929), American politician in the Texas House of Representatives
* Tom James (Wyoming politician), member of the Wyoming Senate

## Others

* Thomas Lemuel James (1831–1916), banker and journalist who served as U.S. Postmaster General in 1881
* Thomas James (sea captain) (1593–1635), Arctic explorer
* Thomas James (minister) (1804–1891), former slave who wrote a short memoir
* Thomas James (businessman) (born 1940s), American businessman, chairman of Raymond James
* Thomas Naum James (1925–2010), American cardiologist
* Tommy James (born 1947), musician
* T. G. H. James (1923–2009), British Egyptologist
* Thomas James (bishop) (1786–1828), Anglican bishop in India
* Thomas Shadrach James (1859–1946), school teacher, Methodist lay preacher, linguist and herbalist
* Tommy Lee James, American country music songwriter and record producer
* Thomas Potts James (1803–1882), American botanist and bryologist
* Thomas S. James Jr., United States Army general
* Thomas L. James, United States Army general
* T. P. James (Thomas Power James), publisher
* Individualized Apparel Group, originally Tom James Company, American clothing company
* Manikuttan, stage name of Indian actor Thomas James (born 1986)
# Hayes Volcano

Hayes Volcano is a stratovolcano in southwestern Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, 135 km northwest of Anchorage, that was not discovered until 1975. It is responsible for a series of six major tephra layers in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska. Hayes was mostly destroyed by at least six catastrophic eruptions between 3,400 and 3,800 years ago, and the average volume of these eruptions was 2.4 cubic km. In comparison, the volume of the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was about 1 cubic km. The eruptions of Hayes Volcano during that time were the most voluminous Holocene eruptions to have occurred in the Cook Inlet region. There is currently no fumarolic activity present. The last eruption of Hayes Volcano occurred roughly 1,200 years ago. It is named after the adjacent Hayes Glacier.

## Physical setting

Hayes Volcano is an ice-shrouded, glacially scoured eruptive center of Quaternary age composed of pyroclastic deposits, volcanic breccia, and lava domes. Although the edifice of the volcano is largely covered by glacier ice, parts of small lava domes, dome debris, and pyroclastic deposits project through the ice at altitudes of 2,400 to 2,800 meters above sea level. The volcano is nestled within the Tordrillo Mountains, a rugged, glacier-clad mountain range, between the Alaska Range and Cook Inlet, that is composed primarily of older plutonic igneous rocks. Most of the area is in high relief (greater than 1,500 meters) and supports an extensive complex of glacier ice that covers most of the mountainous terrain. The volume of perennial snow and glacier ice on Hayes Volcano is not known but is comparable to the ice volume present on Mount Spurr volcano (to the south), which supports about 67 km$^3$ of ice and perennial snow.
Unlike the other volcanoes in the Cook Inlet area, Hayes Volcano lacks a well-defined cone, and deposits from eruptions older than the 4,400-to-3,600-year-old eruption are not known. The volcano is unusual in this regard because all other volcanoes in the Cook Inlet area consist of relatively voluminous assemblages of volcanic rock and debris that formed over many tens of thousands of years.

## Historical eruptions

Historical eruptions of Hayes Volcano are not known and evidence of recent eruptive activity is not apparent on the volcano. During trips to the volcano in 1999 and 2000, signs of volcanic unrest, such as melting of glacier ice, steaming, or discoloration of the ice surface by volcanic ash were not observed.
# The Dark Is Rising

The Dark Is Rising is a 1973 children's fantasy novel by Susan Cooper. The second in The Dark Is Rising Sequence, the book won a Newbery Honor. It has been described as a "folkloric tale of an English boy caught in a battle between light and dark".

## Plot

Will Stanton begins to have strange and magical experiences on his 11th birthday, which is at the winter solstice – a few days before Christmas. He discovers he is one of a group of an ancient magical people called the Old Ones, who are guardians and warriors for "the Light" (i.e. good), who are waging a centuries-long battle against the forces of "the Dark" (i.e. evil), whose evil power is rising. To fight back the Dark, the Old Ones need to find and reclaim four magical talismans (called "Things of Power") for the Light. The first of these is the "Circle of Signs" (a set of magical objects in the form of circles divided into four sections by a cross). Will is quested to collect all the Signs, so that the completed Circle can be used to ward off the forces of the Dark.
This book introduces Will Stanton, a protagonist in The Dark Is Rising Sequence, and features elements of British folklore that are especially associated with the Thames Valley, with Herne the Hunter making an appearance.

## Reception, awards, and impact

The Dark Is Rising was an American Library Association Newbery Honor Book in 1974. Based on a 2007 online poll, the U.S. National Education Association named it one of "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children". In 2012 it was ranked number 22 among all-time children's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal, a monthly with primarily U.S. audience.
A film version, The Seeker, was released in 2007. Critical reception to the film was very poor.
The BBC ran a radio adaptation commencing in 2022, an adaptation with some use of more modern idiom.
# Guanosine triphosphate

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process. Its structure is similar to that of the guanosine nucleoside, the only difference being that nucleotides like GTP have phosphates on their ribose sugar. GTP has the guanine nucleobase attached to the 1' carbon of the ribose and it has the triphosphate moiety attached to ribose's 5' carbon.
It also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of ATP, but more specific. It is used as a source of energy for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis.
GTP is essential to signal transduction, in particular with G-proteins, in second-messenger mechanisms where it is converted to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) through the action of GTPases.

## Uses
### Energy transfer

GTP is involved in energy transfer within the cell. For instance, a GTP molecule is generated by one of the enzymes in the citric acid cycle. This is tantamount to the generation of one molecule of ATP, since GTP is readily converted to ATP with nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDK).

### Genetic translation

During the elongation stage of translation, GTP is used as an energy source for the binding of a new amino-bound tRNA to the A site of the ribosome. GTP is also used as an energy source for the translocation of the ribosome towards the 3' end of the mRNA.

### Microtubule dynamic instability

During microtubule polymerization, each heterodimer formed by an alpha and a beta tubulin molecule carries two GTP molecules, and the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP when the tubulin dimers are added to the plus end of the growing microtubule. Such GTP hydrolysis is not mandatory for microtubule formation, but it appears that only GDP-bound tubulin molecules are able to depolymerize. Thus, a GTP-bound tubulin serves as a cap at the tip of microtubule to protect from depolymerization; and, once the GTP is hydrolyzed, the microtubule begins to depolymerize and shrink rapidly.

### Mitochondrial function

The translocation of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix involves the interactions of both GTP and ATP. The importing of these proteins plays an important role in several pathways regulated within the mitochondria organelle, such as converting oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in gluconeogenesis.

## Precursor for synthesis of riboflavin

GTP, in combination with ribulose 5-phosphate, are the precursor compounds for the synthesis of riboflavin (vitamin B$_2$).

## Biosynthesis

In the cell, GTP is synthesised through many processes including:
* as a byproduct of the Succinyl-CoA to Succinate conversion catalysed by the Succinyl-CoA synthetase enzyme as part of the Krebs cycle;
* through exchanges of phosphate groups from ATP molecules by the Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, an enzyme tasked with maintaining an equilibrium between the concentrations of different nucleoside triphosphates.
# Bargoed RFC

Bargoed Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the town of Bargoed in South Wales. They are members of the Welsh Rugby Union and are a feeder club for Newport Gwent Dragons. The club holds the record for the number of points achieved in one season at Championship level and are Currently playing in the Admiral Premiership.
At the end of the 2023-2024 season Bargoed completed the "Double" winning both the Admiral Championship League and the Championship Cup. The Bulls beat Ystrad Rhonnda at the Principality Stadium in a resounding 65-12 win.
Bargoed got their hands on another Championship League trophy in 2022 and narrowly lost to Neath RFC in the Championship Cup Final at the Principality Stadium.
In 2024 the club signed former Wales International Tom James.
In 2005 Bargoed RFC received the recognition of being awarded Rugby World Magazine UK team of the year after winning 55 games in a row. This form helped them climb the leagues and they were crowned Championship Champions. In December 2015 the WRU granted Bargoed an A Licence meaning a top four finish would secure Premiership rugby for the first time which was achieved in 2016–17.
The 2016–17 season was the club's first in the Premiership.
The club has 16 Teams within the club, including teams from the Mini and Junior Section, a Youth Side, 2nd Team and 1st Team. The club has produced many talented players who came up through the club development system. Some of these key players are : Anthony Lott, Steffan Jones, Jonathan Evans, Dafydd Carter (Age Grade International), Grant Rogers (Age Grade International), Alex Herbert (Age Grade International) as of many more.

## Notable past players

    See also Category:Bargoed RFC players
* John Mantle (2 caps)
* Cliff Williams (2 caps)
* Steffan Jones (Bedford Blues)
* Jonathan Evans
* Lee Beach
* Ben Fry (rugby union)
# Enhanceosome

An enhanceosome is a protein complex that assembles at an enhancer region on DNA and helps to regulate the expression of a target gene.

## Formation

Enhancers are bound by transcription activator proteins and transcriptional regulation is typically controlled by more than one activator. Enhanceosomes are formed in special cases when these activators cooperatively bind together along the enhancer sequence to create a distinct three-dimensional structure. Each enhanceosome is unique towards its specific enhancer. This assembly is facilitated by energetically favorable protein: protein and protein: DNA interactions. Therefore, all the necessary activators need to be present for the enhanceosome to be formed and able to function.

## Function

Once the enhanceosome has been formed, it recruits coactivators and general transcription factors to the promoter region of the target gene to begin transcription. The effectiveness of this is dependent on DNA conformation. As a result, the enhanceosome also recruits non histone architectural transcription factors, called high-mobility group (HMG) proteins, which are responsible for regulating chromatin structure. These factors do not bind to the enhancer, but instead are used to restructure the DNA to ensure that the genes can be accessed by the transcription factors.

## Role

Most enhanceosomes have been discovered pertaining to genes requiring tight regulation, like those associated with the cells defense system. Using more than one kind of transcriptional activator protein could help to ensure that a gene is not transcribed prematurely. Furthermore, the use of multiple factors enables gene regulation through a combination of cellular stimuli that function through multiple signaling cascades.

## Examples
### IFN-β

The best known example of the enhanceosome acts on the human interferon-beta gene, which is upregulated in cells that are infected by viruses. Three activator proteins—NF-κB, an interferon activator protein such as IRF-3, and the ATF-2/c-Jun complex—cooperatively bind to the upstream enhancer region upon viral infection. The interaction is mediated by a fourth protein HMG-I, which assists in stabilizing the complex by promoting inter-protein interactions. The assembled enhanceosome recruits transcriptional machinery such as RNA polymerase to the promoter region to initiate gene expression.
# Mount Juneau

Mount Juneau (Tlingit: Yadaa.at Kalé) is a 3,576-foot (1,090 m) massif in Southeast Alaska just one and a half miles (2.4 km) east of downtown Juneau, Alaska, in the Boundary Ranges.

## History

Mount Juneau is steeped in mining history. Originally named Gold Mountain in 1881 by miners, it was also named Bald Mountain in roughly 1896. The name "Juneau Mountain" was first used in the mining records by Pierre "French Pete" Erussard when he located mining claims on the mountain in 1888.
In 1976, it was proposed by Chuck Keen of Alaska Trams (later to become Mount Juneau Enterprises) that a jigback aerial tramway be built to the top of the mountain. The venture never reached fruition although Goldbelt Inc. did end up building Mount Roberts Tramway to the neighboring Mount Roberts.

## Weather

Mount Juneau receives an estimated 300% more rain than downtown Juneau (which receives 91 inches or 230 centimetres per year on average).
During winter, Mount Juneau is one of the preeminent avalanche threats to a major population center.

## Access

The trail to Mount Juneau's summit can be accessed via the Perseverance Trail about one mile (1.6 km) in from the trailhead. The trail features an assortment of alpine views as well although it traverses many steep slopes and caution is prudent in wet or snowy weather.

## 1962 avalanche

In March 1962 an avalanche slid down the south side of Mount Juneau. It started with a lot of snowfall coming from the north-east. Some of the snow at about 220 meters came loose causing the avalanche.

### Damage

The avalanche caused damage to 34 houses. 7 were severely damaged, 9 were moderately damaged, and 18 had minor damage
To this day there is still a visible path that the avalanche took down the mountain.

### Future prevention

After the avalanche the local government brought in a Swiss avalanche expert to assess the damage and propose possible prevention methods for when another avalanche occurred. They assessed that the avalanche could have been worse as it stopped right before hitting the neighborhood. They also said that building mounds that could divert the avalanche away is the best option. Future avalanche experts rebuked the idea since while this avalanche was powerful, more powerful ones are likely to occur in the same area. They stated that the best course of action is to move the neighborhood. Locals on the other hand were not fully convinced on moving, so the local government decided to mitigate further damages by banning the construction of add-ons in avalanche zones and by buying lots that could go to building homes in avalanche zones.
# Kahiltna Peaks

The Kahiltna Peaks are two prominent summits on a western spur of Denali in the central Alaska Range, in Denali National Park. The 13,440-foot (4,100 m) east peak and the 12,835-foot (3,912 m) west peak are separated from the main Denali massif by Kahiltna Notch, between the northeast and east forks of Kahiltna Glacier.

## Gallery

* East peak of Kahiltna Peaks in lower left, with Denali centered
# Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon

Cosmo George Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon KT (27 April 1720 – 5 August 1752), styled Marquess of Huntly until 1728, was a Scottish peer.

## Life

Gordon was the son of the 2nd Duke of Gordon and was named after his father's close Jacobite friend, Cosimo, Grand Duke of Tuscany. He sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer from 1747 to 1752. In 1748, he was made a Knight of the Thistle.

## Family

Gordon married Lady Catherine Gordon (1718 – 10 December 1779), daughter of William, Earl of Aberdeen, on 3 September 1741. They had three sons and three daughters.
* Alexander, 4th Duke of Gordon (1743–1827)
* Lord William Gordon (1744–1823)
* Lady Anne Gordon (16 Mar 1748 – 7 Jun 1816)
* Lord George Gordon (1751–1793), after whom the Gordon Riots were named
* Lady Susan Gordon (c. 1752 – 1814), married first John, Earl of Westmorland, and second, Colonel John Woodford, having issue from both marriages
* Lady Catherine Gordon (26 Jan 1751 – 3 Jan 1797)