OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ursula Donath

Ursula Donath (née Jurewitz, later Brehme, born 30 July 1931) is an athlete from East Germany who specialized in the 400 metres and 800 metres. She was born in Saldus, Latvia.
Her biggest achievement came at the 1960 Summer Olympics, where she competed for the United Team of Germany. She won the bronze medal in the 800 metres.
Donath was also a prolific winner at the World Student Games. At the 1954 edition she won the 400 and 800 metres. At the 1955 edition she won the 400 metres with a bronze medal in the 800 metres, while the 1957 edition brought her a silver medal in the 400 and gold in the 800 metres.
Donath won the East German national title in 400 metres, representing the club SC Chemie Halle. This was the inaugural national 400 metres competition. She was even more prolific in the East German cross-country championships, which she won in 1951 (inaugural), 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957 and 1960. During these years, Donath also helped SC Chemie Halle win the club competition in 1957, 1960 and 1961.
# Treaty of Melfi

The Treaty of Melfi or Concordat of Melfi was signed on 23 August 1059 between Pope Nicholas II and the Norman princes Robert Guiscard and Richard I of Capua. Based on the terms of the accord, the Pope recognized the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. Moreover, the Pope recognized Robert Guiscard as Duke of Apulia and Calabria, and as Count of Sicily.
# Gopal Datt

Gopal Datt is an Indian actor and writer. Gopal Datt started as theater artist in 1999 until he got first starring role in Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai. He also went on to star in the blockbuster Tere Naam, Samrat & Co. and the National Award-winning Filmistaan.

## Early life

Gopal Datt was born in Nainital and finished high School in Nainital. He graduated with B.Sc. (Chemistry). After his graduation, Gopal enrolled into the National School of Drama (NSD) Delhi passing out in 1999. He acted in many stage dramas like Shakespearean Italian to Parsi. His favorite theater director is B.V. Karanth.

## Career

After finishing acting course, Gopal Dutt moved to Mumbai from Delhi. He got first break in Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai (2001). After that he played roles in Tere Naam, in Kaushik Ghatak's 2014 Samrat & Co. as Chakradhar Pandey and also soundtrack writer in this and he played Jawaad's character in national award-winning film Filmistaan. He also became a jury in a film festival. Gopal has worked in many web series and he has been actively involved with the TVF since a very long time. He played a major role in Arre’s Official Chukyagiri and Voot’s Badman. He is known for his comedy roles in AIB videos.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2001 | Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai | Hrithik | |
| 2003 | Tere Naam | Chandar | |
| 2013 | Filmistaan | Jawaad | |
| 2014 | Samrat & Co. | Chakradhar Pandey | |
| 2016 | Daughter | Father | Short |
| 2017 | Shubh Mangal Saavdhan | Veterinary Doctor | |
| 2018 | Love per Square Foot | Pappu Mama | |
| 2019 | Jabariya Jodi | Inspector Tiwari | |
| 2019 | Line of Descent | Arun, an undercover agent | Released on ZEE5 |
| 2020 | Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan | Doctor | |
| 2021 | Bunty Aur Babli 2 | IT Officer Nand Kishore | |
| 2024 | Wild Wild Punjab | Gaurav's Father |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| 2006 | Godaan | | | |
| 2006 | The Week That Wasn't | | | |
| 2015 | TVF Pitchers | Rastogi | Web series | TVF Play |
| 2016 | TVF Bachelors | Dr. Aashiq Mastana | Web series | TVF Play |
| 2016 | Official Chukyagiri | | Web series | Arre |
| 2018 | Official CEOgiri | Janitor Chacha | Web series | Arre |
| 2018 | Comedy High School | | | |
| 2018 | Dhatt Tere Ki | | Web Series | ZEE5 |
| 2019 | Delhi Crime | Sudhir Kumar | Web Series | Netflix |
| 2019 | The Office | T.P. Mishra | Web series | Hotstar Specials |
| 2020 | Wakaalat From Home | Lobo Tripathi, Lawyer | Web series | Amazon Prime Video |
| 2020 | A Simple Murder | Amit Mehta | Web series | Sony Liv |
| 2021 | Kathmandu Connection | Hitesh | Web series | Sony Liv |
| 2021 | Candy | Head Master Thomas | Web series | Voot |
| 2021 | Chakravyuh | Forensic Doctor | Web series | MX Player |
| 2022 | Jugaadistan | Nadeem Dalvi | Web series | Lionsgate Play |
| 2022 | London Files | Gopi | Web Series | Voot |
| 2023 | Kaalkoot | SHO Jagdish Sahay | Web Series | JioCinema |
| 2024 | Aap Ka Apna Zakir | Gopal Datt | TV program | Sony Entertainment Television |
# Griposia aprilina

Griposia aprilina, also known as the merveille du jour, is a moth of the family Noctuidae, found in Asia and Europe. The species was first described by the Swedish taxonomist, Carl Linnaeus in his 1758, 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

## Technical description and variation

Forewing whitish green; lines and markings velvety black, the median shade especially thick; upper stigmata large; all the black markings emphasised by white; hindwing blackish grey; the cellspot, outer line, and submarginal shade darker; a white terminal space before the black marginal line; the ab. bouveti Lucas, from France, has the head, thorax, and forewings greener, the median area of forewing without black markings.

## Similar specie

* Griposia pinkeri (Kobes, 1973) is found sympatrically in Asia Minor and on the Balkan Peninsula.

## Biology

The moth flies in September and October and comes to light.

### Ovum

Laid singly or in small numbers on branches, or in crevices in the bark of oak trees (Quercus species).

### Larva

The eggs hatch as the buds swell and the young larva bore into a bud which conceals them as they feed. They than feed on the flowers and grow rapidly and finally on the leaves. Larvae are greenish black, with a fulvous tinge; a dorsal series of dark medallions; dorsal line pale, interrupted, with black edges; spiracular line pale like the venter.

### Pupa

In a large, tough cocoon, near the soil surface and usually among the roots of an oak.

## Distribution

It ranges from Sardinia and south-east Russia (foothills of the Ural Mountains to the Black Sea) from the southernmost part of Norway and Saint Petersburg through northern and central Europe to southern France and northern Italy, as well as in Castile. Also in western and central Anatolia and the Caucasus. Also in Asia minor. There is recent evidence from the Alborz mountain range.
# Old Parliament House, Stockholm

The Old Parliament House (Swedish: Gamla riksdagshuset) is the former seat of the Parliament of Sweden (Riksdag), located at Birger Jarls torg, on the Riddarholmen (island), in central Stockholm. It was used until January 1905, when the building on Helgeandsholmen was inaugurated.
The building nowadays houses the Administrative Court of Appeal in Stockholm.

## History

The Old Parliament House was the seat of:
* the Riksdag of the Estates from 1833 to 1866
* the bicameral Riksdag from 1866 to 1905.
An additional section on the seaside was designed in 1911 by Aron Johansson, in the National Romantic style.
# Retained interest

Retained interest (also colloquially known as a payout penalty) is future, currently unpaid, interest that some lenders add to the remaining principal of a loan to determine a payout figure in the event that the loan is terminated before the completion of the original term.
When two parties enter into a loan agreement, the amount of interest payable over the term of the loan is calculated and then amortized across the loan repayments. Thus, each repayment can be considered to include two parts: one part repaying some of the principal of the loan, and the other paying interest.
In the situation that a loan is terminated early, a portion of the interest originally calculated for that loan has not yet been paid, as this interest would have been included in the interest portion of future repayments that are no longer going to be made.
Some lenders recover ("retain") some (or all) of this interest by adding it to the remaining principal of the loan when calculating a payout figure. This portion of the future interest included in the early payout figure for a loan is known as retained interest.

## Usage in Australia

Most Australian lenders offering commercial loan facilities (including chattel mortgage, hire purchase and finance lease) for cars, commercial vehicles and business equipment add retained interest to payout figures for loans that are terminated early. The amount of retained interest charged varies from lender to lender, but generally ranges from 20% to 100% of unpaid future interest.
Additionally, retained interest is generally not included as a fee on the loan documents, but instead listed within the Terms & Conditions of the loan contract.
# Irene Claremont de Castillejo

Irene Claremont de Castillejo (born in London, 1885 – died in London 1967) was a writer and Jungian analyst. She is remembered especially for her posthumously published classic text, Knowing Woman: A Feminine Psychology, (1973).

## Biography

Irene Claremont de Castillejo was a graduate of Cambridge University in History and Economics. In 1922 she married the jurist and professor of education, José Castillejo [es]. They went to live in Spain in her husband's home in Madrid, 'Olivar de Castillejo', at Chamartín, presently known as the 'Olivar de Castillejo Foundation'. They had four children, Jacinta, Leonardo, David and Sorrel.
In 1936 with the out-break of the Spanish Civil War the family moved to England, followed by a stay in Switzerland, and again back to England in 1939 on account of the German invasion of Europe.
Following the death of her husband in London in 1945, Irene began her studies in Jungian psychology in Zurich working with Carl Gustav Jung, Emma Jung and Toni Wolff. On her return to London, she established a psychotherapy practice specialising in the role of women in the world of today.
Irene died in London in 1967.

## Works

* Knowing Woman. A Feminine Psychology
* Freedom of the city
* I Married a Stranger

## "Knowing Woman"

Her classic text, originally published in 1973, has been re-issued in several editions since. It is a distillation of her wisdom garnered through life experience and her work as a therapist. She expresses herself thus:
   Psychologists have inadvertently side-slipped into this dreary passion for normality. But I am not so sure that to be balanced is necessarily a virtue. Some urgent inner problem or some imbalance may actually provide the impetus for dealing with outer wrongs. The rebel who is stirred to action by injustice or cruelty to others may well have himself suffered from an inner tyrant which bullies him.
   Most geniuses in whatever field are, to ordinary eyes, more than a little mad. The heavy price some artists have to pay for their unusual insight may be lack of balance. The world would have been a poorer place without Van Gogh.
   The trouble is that psychologists believe they can see and explain patterns of behaviour. On certain levels maybe they can, but let us never forget the unique unknowableness of every individual soul.
# Ursula Landwehr

Ursula Landwehr (born 29 May 1968) is a German footballer. She played in six matches for the Germany women's national football team from 1988 to 1991.
# Mati O Manush

Mati O Manush (Bengali: মাটি ও মানুষ), originally called Amar Desh, was a pioneering television programme on Bangladesh Television. The programme started in the mid-1980s and focused on the agricultural sector of Bangladesh.
The show was hosted by Rezaul Karim Siddique. Rezaul Karim Siddique was involved in this program in January 1983. In 1985, the show's title was changed from Amar Desh to Mati O Manush. At that time, the producer, Alimuzzaman, picked Shykh Seraj as another anchor in this program. Seraj left in 1996. Dewan Siraz was made Siddique's co-anchor of this program until he left Bangladesh for overseas job.
Shykh Seraj started a new programme at Channel i named Hridoye Mati O Manush.
Mati O Manush is the most popular and oldest program of Bangladesh Television. Afterwards, most Bangladesh television channels produced a program about agriculture that was based on the Mati O Manush model. The program made agriculture a more prestigious profession in Bangladesh.
# Klenovec

Klenovec (Hungarian: Klenóc) is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia. The village had been once a residency of Juraj Jánošík, a legendary Slovak folk hero. Near Klenovec is a big water reservoir. Most important sightseeings are classical houses from the beginning of 19th century and a classical evangelical church.

## Notable personalities

* Vladimír Mináč, writer
* Ladislav Bartolomeides (1754-1825), writer, teacher and preacher

## Genealogical resources

The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia"
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1830-1896 (parish B)
* Greek Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1775-1928 (parish B)
* Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1845-1895 (parish A)
# Uschi Keszler

Ursula "Uschi" Keszler (born August 13, 1948) is a figure skating coach and choreographer and a former competitor for West Germany.

## Career

Uschi Keszler qualified to represent the United Team of Germany at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck and finished 24th. The following season, she became the West German national champion and placed 11th at the 1965 European Championships.
In the 1965–66 season, Keszler won gold at the Richmond Trophy and the national silver medal. In January 1966, Keszler placed eighth at the European Championships and then 11th at the 1966 World Championships in late February. After the retirement of pairs skaters Marika Kilius and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler in 1964, the German Ice Skating Union was under pressure to produce more champion pairs. In April 1966, it was reported that Keszler and a fellow single skater, Ralph Borghard, had trained together to compete in pairs. Borghard had recently escaped from East Germany during the world championships in Davos. Six weeks after Borghard's escape, during which the two had practiced lifts, Keszler's parents and fiancé objected to the pairing. Ultimately, she never returned to competition.
Keszler spent eight months in hospital after contracting tuberculosis and was advised by her doctors not to return to competition. She began working as a coach and choreographer in the United States. Keszler is known primarily for her work with Canadian skaters Brian Orser, Elvis Stojko, and Shae-Lynn Bourne / Victor Kraatz. Keszler invented the term "hydroblading" to refer to skating on deep edges low to the ice, and using it as a training technique. In 1997, she became a co-owner of the Ice Works rink in Aston, Pennsylvania.

## Personal life

Keszler was born in Mannheim and settled in the United States. She married Aram Boornazian, with whom she has a son, Marc. A survivor of breast and uterine cancer, she founded Uschi Keszler's Pennies-in-Action Cancer Research Fund.

## Competitive highlights

International :
| Event | 1962–63 | 1963–64 | 1964–65 | 1965–66 |
| Winter Olympics | | 24th | | |
| World Champ. | | 15th | | 11th |
| European Champ. | | | 11th | 8th |
| Richmond Trophy | | | | 1st |
| Prague Skate | | | | 3rd |
| National |||||
| West Germany | 6th | 2nd | 1st | 2nd |
# Pinning

Pinning may refer to:
* Pinning, the effect of certain weapons that cause their targets to be pinned down
* Pinning ceremony (nursing), a symbolic welcoming of new graduates into the nursing profession
* Pinning force, a force acting on a pinned object from a pinning center
* Pinning (modelling), the use of pins to strengthen the joints when assembling large or heavy model kits
* Pinning points, points in a crystalline material that act to halt a dislocation's movement
* Pinning hold, a hold used to control an opponent in grappling
* Flux pinning, a phenomenon that magnetic flux lines do not move despite the Lorentz force acting on them inside a current-carrying Type II superconductor
* Percutaneous pinning, a technique used by orthopedic surgeons for the stabilisation of unstable fractures
* Tree pinning, inserting spikes into trees in order to cause damage to sawmill equipment
* Zener pinning, the influence of a dispersion of fine particles on the movement of low- and high angle grain boundaries through a polycrystalline material
* HTTP Public Key Pinning, a security mechanism for HTTPS websites
# Mount Emmons (Colorado)

Mount Emmons is a mountain summit in the Elk Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains in north-central Gunnison County, Colorado, United States.

## Description

The 12,401-foot (3,780 m) peak is located within the Gunnison National Forest, 4.2 miles (6.7 km) west-northwest (bearing 288°) of the Town of Crested Butte.
The mountain was named in honor of geologist Samuel Franklin Emmons (as was another peak in Utah).

## Historical names

* Mount Emmons
* Red Lady
# Herzog–Schönheim conjecture

In mathematics, the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture is a combinatorial problem in the area of group theory, posed by Marcel Herzog and Jochanan Schönheim in 1974.
Let $G$ be a group, and let
    $A=\{a_{1}G_{1},\ \ldots ,\ a_{k}G_{k}\}$
be a finite system of left cosets of subgroups $G_{1},\ldots ,G_{k}$ of $G$.
Herzog and Schönheim conjectured that if $A$ forms a partition of $G$ with $k>1$, then the (finite) indices $[G:G_{1}],\ldots ,[G:G_{k}]$ cannot be distinct. In contrast, if repeated indices are allowed, then partitioning a group into cosets is easy: if $H$ is any subgroup of $G$ with index $k=[G:H]<\infty$ then $G$ can be partitioned into $k$ left cosets of $H$.

## Subnormal subgroups

In 2004, Zhi-Wei Sun proved a special case of the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture in the case where $G_{1},\ldots ,G_{k}$ are subnormal in $G$. A basic lemma in Sun's proof states that if $G_{1},\ldots ,G_{k}$ are subnormal and of finite index in $G$, then
    ${\biggG:\bigcap _{i=1}^{k}G_{i}{\bigg ]}\ {\bigg |}\ \prod _{i=1}^{k}[G:G_{i}]$
and hence
    $P{\bigg{\biggG:\bigcap _{i=1}^{k}G_{i}{\bigg ]}\ {\bigg )}=\bigcup _{i=1}^{k}P([G:G_{i}]),$
where $P(n)$ denotes the set of prime divisors of $n$.

## Mirsky–Newman theorem

When $G$ is the additive group $\mathbb {Z}$ of integers, the cosets of $G$ are the arithmetic progressions. In this case, the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture states that every covering system, a family of arithmetic progressions that together cover all the integers, must either cover some integers more than once or include at least one pair of progressions that have the same difference as each other. This result was conjectured in 1950 by Paul Erdős and proved soon thereafter by Leon Mirsky and Donald J. Newman. However, Mirsky and Newman never published their proof. The same proof was also found independently by Harold Davenport and Richard Rado.
In 1970, a geometric coloring problem equivalent to the Mirsky–Newman theorem was given in the Soviet mathematical olympiad: suppose that the vertices of a regular polygon are colored in such a way that every color class itself forms the vertices of a regular polygon. Then, there exist two color classes that form congruent polygons.
# Ann-Cathrin Giegerich

Ann-Cathrin Giegerich (born 4 January 1992) is a German handball player. She plays for the club ŽRK Budućnost, and on the German national team.
# William Ged

William Ged (1699 – 19 October 1749) was a Scottish goldsmith who has been credited with the invention of stereotyping. However, he was not the first to use the process.
Ged was born in Edinburgh, where he carried on business as a goldsmith. In 1725 he patented his process, and tried but failed to persuade printers in Edinburgh to take up his invention. In 1729 he endeavoured to push his new process of printing, on which he was still working, in London by joining in partnership with a stationer and a type-founder but, disappointed in his workmen and his partners, he returned despondent to Edinburgh. Although he had offers for use of his process from Dutch printers, he turned them down from patriotic motives.
He died in poverty in Edinburgh and was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard. The grave was unmarked. An edition of Sallust and two prayer-books (for the University of Cambridge) were stereotyped by him.
# Kraskovo, Slovakia

Kraskovo (Hungarian: Karaszkó) is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia. Notable attractions include a late gothic evangelical church containing renaissance paintings and featuring a wooden belfry constructed in 1657. In the village is a memorial to 19th century Slovak writer August Horislav Škultéty.
# Blue lotus

Blue lotus may refer to:
* Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea, a water lily in the genus Nymphaea that was known to the Ancient Egyptian civilizations
* Nymphaea nouchali, a water lily of genus Nymphaea that is native to southern and eastern parts of Asia, containing the sedating alkaloids apomorphine and nuciferine
* The Blue Lotus, a 1936 book in the Tintin series
# Wels-Land District

Bezirk Wels-Land is a district of the state of Upper Austria in Austria.

## Municipalities

Towns (Städte) are indicated in boldface; market towns (Marktgemeinden) in italics; suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in small characters.
* Aichkirchen
* Bachmanning
* Bad Wimsbach-Neydharting
* Buchkirchen
* Eberstalzell
* Edt bei Lambach
* Fischlham
* Gunskirchen
* Holzhausen
* Krenglbach
* Lambach
* Marchtrenk
* Neukirchen bei Lambach
* Offenhausen
* Pennewang
* Pichl bei Wels
* Sattledt
* Schleißheim
* Sipbachzell
* Stadl-Paura
* Steinerkirchen an der Traun
* Steinhaus
* Thalheim bei Wels
* Weißkirchen an der Traun
# Anna Battke

Anna Battke (born 3 January 1985 in Düsseldorf) is a German pole vaulter.

## Biography

She finished eighth at the 2008 World Indoor Championships in Valencia, Spain. Her personal best is 4.68 metres, achieved in 2009 in Berlin.
# Sardinian Infantry Division

The Division Sardinia (German: Division Sardinien) was a infantry division of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

## History

The Division Sardinia was formed on May 12, 1943, in Sardinia from the staff of the Sturmbrigade XI (11th Assault Brigade). It became division strength just as the Army Group Africa was surrendering in Tunisia. The original reason for the creation of the division was due to its exposure to the allies after the "official" end of Operation Torch. Because the invasion of Sardinia never happened the division was "de-mobilized" and helped the re-incarnation of the 90th Panzergrenadier Division in 1943.

## Organization

Organization of the Division just before its change of name:
* Headquarters (Former Stab, Sturmbrigade XI)
* Sardinisches Panzerbataillon – (Sardinian Panzer Battalion)
* 1. Sarinian Panzergrenadier Regiment – 1st Sarinian Panzergrenadier Regiment
* 2. Sarinian Panzergrenadier Regiment – 2nd Sardinian Panzergrenadier Regiment
* 190. Artillerie-Regiment – 190th Artillery Regiment - Former Sardinian Artillery Regiment
* 190. Panzerzerstörer-Bataillon – 190th Tank Destroyer Battalion
* 190. Pionere Bataillon – 190th Engineer Battalion - Former Sardinian Engineer Battalion
* 190. Signalbataillon – 190th Signal Battalion - Former Sardinian Signal Company
# Anna Maria van Geene

Anna Maria van Geene (27 February 1928 – 14 October 1992) was a Dutch gymnast. She competed in the women's artistic team all-around event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Emanuele Barbella

Emanuele Barbella (1718–1777) was a Neapolitan composer and violinist.