OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abdominal internal oblique muscle

The abdominal internal oblique muscle, also internal oblique muscle or interior oblique, is an abdominal muscle in the abdominal wall that lies below the external oblique muscle and just above the transverse abdominal muscle.

## Structure

Its fibers run perpendicular to the external oblique muscle, beginning in the thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back, the anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest (upper part of hip bone) and the lateral half of the inguinal ligament. The muscle fibers run from these points superomedially (up and towards midline) to the muscle's insertions on the inferior borders of the 10th through 12th ribs and the linea alba.
In males, the cremaster muscle is also attached to the internal oblique.

### Nerve supply

The internal oblique is supplied by the lower intercostal nerves, as well as the iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve.

## Function

The internal oblique performs two major functions. Firstly as an accessory muscle of respiration, it acts as an antagonist (opponent) to the diaphragm, helping to reduce the volume of the chest cavity during exhalation. When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the lower wall of the chest cavity down, increasing the volume of the lungs which then fill with air. Conversely, when the internal obliques contract they compress the organs of the abdomen, pushing them up into the diaphragm which intrudes back into the chest cavity reducing the volume of the air-filled lungs, producing an exhalation.
Secondly, its contraction causes ipsilateral rotation and side-bending. It acts with the external oblique muscle of the opposite side to achieve this torsional movement of the trunk. For example, the right internal oblique and the left external oblique contract as the torso flexes and rotates to bring the left shoulder towards the right hip. For this reason, the internal obliques are referred to as "same-side rotators."

## Additional images

* Diagram of a transverse section of the posterior abdominal wall, to show the disposition of the lumbodorsal fascia.
* Diagram of sheath of Rectus.
* Diagram of a transverse section through the anterior abdomina wall, below the linea semicircularis.
* Femoral sheath laid open to show its three compartments.
* Lumbar triangle
* Internal abdominal oblique muscle.Anterior abdominal wall.Deep dissection.Anterior view
# Life (soundtrack)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | Link |
Life is the soundtrack to the 1999 film, Life. It was released on March 16, 1999, by Rockland Records and Interscope Records. The soundtrack was almost entirely produced by R&B singer R. Kelly, with Wyclef Jean and Jerry Duplessis producing four tracks on the album. The soundtrack was a huge success, making it to No. 10 on the Billboard 200 and No. 2 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. It spawned the hit single "Fortunate" by Maxwell, which peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. The soundtrack was certified platinum on June 18, 1999, while "Fortunate" was certified gold on June 2 that same year. "What Would You Do?", by City High, would go on to chart in 2001. A version of the classic Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes song "Wake Up Everybody" plays during the film's opening credits.

## Charts and certifications
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 10 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 2 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1999) | Position |
| US Billboard 200 | 107 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 19 |

### Certifications

| Country | Provider | Certification |
| United States | RIAA | Platinum |

## Track listing

* "25 to Life"- 4:03 (Xzibit, Ja Rule, Juvenile, Nature & Reptile)
* "It's Like Everyday"- 4:26 (DJ Quik featuring R. Kelly and Maus Berg)
* "Stimulate Me"- 4:13 (Destiny's Child featuring Mocha)
* "Fortunate"- 4:59 (Maxwell)
* "Lovin' You" (The Remix)- 3:57 (Sparkle)
* "Every Which Way"- 4:05 (Talent featuring Vegas Cats)
* "It's Gonna Rain"- 4:02 (Kelly Price)
* "Discovery"- 4:19 (Brian McKnight)
* "Follow the Wind"- 4:28 (Trisha Yearwood)
* "Why Should I Believe You?"- 4:09 (Mýa)
* "What Would You Do?"- 3:32 (City High)
* "What Goes Around"- 4:27 (Khadejia featuring Marie Antoinette)
* "Speechless"- 4:52 (The Isley Brothers)
* "Life"- 3:43 (K-Ci & JoJo)
* "New Day"- 3:59 (Wyclef Jean featuring Kenny G)
# Diane Turner

Diane Turner was mayor of Murray, Utah from August 25, 2017, to September 19, 2017, after the death of Mayor Ted Eyre. Turner's brief term of office was significant as it was the first time that an acting mayor was appointed to office in Murray. Due to her appointment, she also became the first female to ever serve as mayor of Murray.

## City Council

First elected to Murray Utah City Council in 2014 for council district five, Turner had previously campaigned for Salt Lake County Council but was defeated by David Wilde in 2006. In the 2017 election, Turner ran unopposed for re-election.
Under Utah law, when a vacancy occurs in the office of the mayor, the chair of the city council serves as acting mayor. Turner was chair of the city council. During Turner’s brief term, she retained her city council seat because her role as acting mayor was temporary. Following a process specified in state law, the city council shall, within 30 days from the date of the vacancy, appoint an interim mayor to serve until a new mayor is elected and sworn into office. Murray City Council accepted applications, however, Acting Mayor Turner did not apply to be interim mayor, and ran for re-election, unopposed, for her city council seat.
Fellow city councilman Blair Camp was appointed the interim mayor. Turner told the Murray Journal, “I originally made an application because I wanted to ensure that we have a smooth transition from acting mayor to interim mayor and finally to mayor-elect and that we had at least one applicant who would meet that standard. When we had three qualified applicants I was able to pull out. I have no interest in having a full-time job at this time in my life, and the mayor’s job is full-time plus.”

## Personal

Turner is a graduate of the University of Utah with a Master of Public Administration. Her employment has included working with troubled youth in the State of Utah Division of Juvenile Justice Services. She was also appointed as a board member of the Commission on Youth.
# Chester Rowell

Chester A. Rowell (October 17, 1844 – May 9, 1912) was an American physician and politician who served as a California state senator and as mayor of Fresno. He was also a regent of the University of California.
Before moving to California, Dr. Rowell was a Union soldier in the Civil War mustered in the 17th Illinois Infantry along with four of his brothers. He took part in several battles between 1861 and 1864, including the Fort Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh and the Siege of Vicksburg.
Dr. Rowell arrived in Fresno in 1874 to practice medicine. In September 1876, he established the Fresno Republican newspaper. It was purchased by and eventually merged into the present-day Fresno Bee.
In 1879 he was elected to the state senate in California as a Republican. The county was heavily Democratic at the time, and Rowell was the first Republican to win an election in Fresno County.
In 1909 he received an overwhelming share of the vote to win the mayoral election.
Rowell commissioned the construction of Fresno's first skyscraper, now known as the Rowell building. It is six stories tall and located in downtown Fresno at the southeast corner of Tulare and Van Ness streets.
In 1914, Fresno commissioned Haig Patigian to create a memorial sculpture. The base of the memorial contains a relief where Rowell is shown seated at a patient's bedside. It can be found in the Fresno County Courthouse park, across the street from the Rowell family home in downtown Fresno.
# Gabon at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics

Gabon competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea. A team of two athletes was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank |
| Christian Ngningba | 5000 metres | | | 18:44.06 PB | 36 | | | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank |
| Ruddy Zang Milama | 100 metres | | | 11.19 Q | 9 | 11.43 | 10 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Hyponastic response

In plant biology, the hyponastic response is a nastic movement characterized by an upward bending of leaves or other plant parts, resulting from accelerated growth of the lower side of the petiole in comparison to its upper part. This can be observed in many terrestrial plants and is linked to the plant hormone ethylene. The plant’s root senses the water excess and produces 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid which then is converted into ethylene, regulating this process.
Submerged plants often show a hyponastic response, where the upward bending of the leaves and the elongation of the petioles might help the plant to restore normal gas exchange with the atmosphere.
Plants that are exposed to elevated ethylene levels in experimental set-ups also show a hyponastic response.
# The Ultimate Collection (Chihiro Onitsuka album)

The Ultimate Collection (stylized as the ultimate collection) is the first compilation album by Japanese singer-songwriter Chihiro Onitsuka, released in 2004. It came out months after the artist terminated the contracts with record label and management office.

## Production

All the 15 tracks on the album was digitally remastered by Ted Jensen. Selection of the songs was supervised by Takefumi Haketa, Onitsuka's previous musical collaborator who produced all her materials released under EMI. The performer has not authorized this retrospective album, however, omitting the release from the discography page on her present official website which launched in 2007.

## Reception

The Ultimate Collection debuted at the number-three on the Japanese Oricon chart and remained there for 23 weeks. The album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan upon its release, for shipments of over 250,000 copies.

## Cover art

The front cover of the compilation was picked out from the photo session which was taken for her cancelled fourth studio album supposed to have been released in March 2004. Along with the album, a DVD collection composed of 17 music videos entitled The Complete Clips was issued simultaneously.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Platinum | 232,000 |

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2004) | Position |
| Japanese Oricon Albums Chart | 3 |
| Chart (2004) | Position |
| Japanese Oricon DVDs Chart | 9 |

### Year-end charts
#### Album

| Chart (2005) | Position |
| Japanese Albums Chart | 65 |

## Release history
### Album

| Country | Date | Label | Format | Catalog number |
| Japan | December 1, 2004 | Toshiba-EMI/Virgin Tokyo | CD | TOCT-25560 |
| Japan | December 12, 2012 | Universal/EMI Music Japan | SHM-CD | TOCT-95155 |
# 1896–97 Columbia men's ice hockey season

The 1896–97 Columbia men's ice hockey season was the inaugural season of play for the program. Columbia University became just the third American university to support an ice hockey team.

## Season

A year after Yale played the first intercollegiate game against Johns Hopkins, Columbia organized their own team and found that it had sufficient interest to support two full teams. The team played two practice games in December in order to get their feet wet and help the novice players learn the game.
Note: Columbia University adopted the Lion as its mascot in 1910.

## Standings

1896–97 Collegiate ice hockey standingsvte :
| | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| | GP | W | L | T | PCT. | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Pennsylvania | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Maryland | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 3 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yale | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | .750 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 17 | 31 |
| Johns Hopkins | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | .250 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 25 |
| Columbia | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 2 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 17 |

## Schedule and results

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record |
| Regular Season |||||
| February 27 | Pennsylvania* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | L 0–5 | 0–1–0 (0–1–0) |
| March 16 | vs. Naval Reserves* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | W 2–0 | 1–1–0 |
| March 23 | vs. Staten Island Cricket Club* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | W 1–0 | 2–1–0 |
| | at Montclair Athletic Club* | Clermont Avenue Skating Rink • Brooklyn, New York | L 1–5 | 2–2–0 |
| March 27 | Yale* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | L 2–7 | 2–3–0 (0–2–0) |
| *Non-conference game. |||||
# Ammi Giddings

Ammi Giddings (c. 1822 – February 13, 1882) was an American lawyer and politician from Connecticut, who was twice elected to the Connecticut Senate. He served as President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate. He was appointed to the Montana Territorial Supreme Court, but never served.
Giddings was born in about 1822 in Sherman, Connecticut. He graduated from Yale Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1849. That same year, he married Augusta Bays of Wethersfield. He subsequently practiced law at Plymouth.
In 1857, Giddings was elected to the Connecticut Senate from the state's 16th District, and served as the President Pro Tempore. He was elected again in 1864. On June 15, 1864, President Abraham Lincoln appointed him as an associate justice of the Supreme Court for the newly formed Montana Territory; the United States Senate unanimously confirmed him on June 22. Giddings resigned immediately due to poor health and never served on the court. However, his commission remained in force until he was replaced in 1865, and histories of the Montana Supreme Court still list him as one of the first justices of that court.
In 1866, Giddings moved to Kalamazoo, Michigan. He returned to Connecticut in 1872 and died at Sherman in 1882.
# Kafarha Castle

Kafarha castle (Persian: قلعه کافرها) is a historical castle located in Estahban County in Fars province, The longevity of this fortress dates back to the Middle Ages Historical periods after Islam.
# Song Pingshun

Song Pingshun (July 1945 – June 3, 2007) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Tianjin, with his ancestral home in Shenze County, Hebei Province (part of the provincial capital Shijiazhuang). In September 1970, he joined the Chinese Communist Party. In 1983, Song became deputy chief of the Tianjin Police Department and later chief and party committee secretary. In 1993, he was made deputy mayor of Tianjin and Chairman of Tianjin's branch of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in January 2003.
Song committed suicide in 2007 after his expulsion from the Chinese Communist Party.
| Preceded byFang Fengyou | Chairman of Tianjin CPPCC Tianjin Municipal Committee 2003–2007 | Succeeded byXing Yuanmin |
# Federalism in Myanmar

Federalism has been proposed as a potential solution to the Myanmar conflict. The many different ethnic groups of Myanmar have been in conflict since the country's independence in 1948. The Panglong Agreement of 1947 outlined an early form of federalism. In the 21st century, other Myanmar leaders such as Aung San Suu Kyi have also supported developing a federal system. In 2024, a committee formed of 12 political parties released a constitution and formed the People’s Representatives Committee for Federalism, proposing a federal system in Myanmar for a post-civil war era.
# Gabon at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics

Gabon competed at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow, Russia, from 10–18 August 2013. A team of two athletes was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Gauthier Okawe | 100 metres | 11.83 | 29 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Danny Stone (footballer)

Daniel John Cooper Stone (born 14 September 1982) is an English professional football manager and former footballer, who is the manager of Orange County SC. He has previously managed Phoenix Rising FC of the USL Championship. As a player he made his professional debut for Notts County before moving to America to work as a coach.

## Playing career

Born in Liverpool, Stone spent time in America growing up, attending Corona del Sol High School. He returned to England to start his football career with Blackburn Rovers before joining Notts County in 2001, where he went on to make 27 appearances in all competitions over two seasons. In the summer of 2003, he was released by the club. Later that summer he joined Southport and made 20 appearances in his first season at the club but left after making just one appearance the following season.

## Coaching career

In 2010, Stone started working for the Downtown Las Vegas Soccer Club before moving to work with Colorado Rapids in 2014. In 2017, he worked as the Rapid's assistant coach before being appointed as assistant coach OKC Energy in 2018. In 2021, he moved to join USL Championship club Phoenix Rising, working as assistant coach before being named as the club's first team manager in January 2024. Phoenix Rising parted ways with Stone in June 2024.
Stone joined the staff of Orange County SC in August 2024. After head coach Paul Hardyman was sacked, Stone was named interim head coach for the rest of the season. Stone was named permanent head coach of Orange County on 12 December 2024.
# John Grimston, 7th Earl of Verulam

John Duncan Grimston, 7th Earl of Verulam (born 21 April 1951), styled Viscount Grimston between 1960 and 1973, is a British peer.

## Early life and education

Grimston was born in 1951, the only son of John Grimston, 6th Earl of Verulam. He succeeded in the earldom in 1973 on the death of his father. He was educated at West Downs School and Eton.

## Business career

For 14 years until 1996 he was a director of corporate finance at Barings Bank. He was a Managing Director of ABN-AMRO Bank from 1996 to 2000. He was a Director and Vice-Chairman of Kleinwort Benson Private Bank from 2001 to 2008. He is currently Chairman of Grimston Trust Ltd and founding partner of the Verulam Consulting group.
Grimston has founded two registered charities: The Friends of St Michael's Church, and The West Herts Environmental Foundation.

## Marriage and children

Lord Verulam married Dione Smith in 1976. They have four children:
* James Walter Grimston, Viscount Grimston (born 6 January 1978), heir apparent to the earldom and other titles, married Lady Rosanagh Innes-Ker, daughter of the 10th Duke of Roxburghe, in 2008.
* Hon Hugo Guy Sylvester Grimston (born 5 November 1979)
* Lady Flora Grimston (born 28 September 1981), married Jazz pianist Peter Letanka (grandson of John Gathorne-Hardy, 4th Earl of Cranbrook) in 2013
* Hon Sam George Grimston (born 18 October 1983)
# Samuel E. Merwin

Samuel Edwin Merwin (August 31, 1831 – March 5, 1907), was an American politician who was the 64th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut from 1889 to 1893.

## Early life

Merwin was born in Brookfield, Connecticut on August 31, 1831, the son of Samuel Edwin Merwin Sr. and Ruby (née Nearing) Merwin.

## Career

He received his early education in the district school and then from a private tutor. By the age of 16, he moved to New Haven. He served as a clerk in a store for three years, then went into business with his father. Later, he became president of the New Haven and Yale National Banks. He was a commanding officer of a company known as the "New Haven Grays" in the U.S. Army during the U.S. Civil War.

### Political career

In 1872, Merwin became a member of the Connecticut State Senate for the 4th district, as the first Republican ever from that district He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention from Connecticut in 1884. He was elected Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut in November 1888, and served from January 10, 1889, while Morgan Bulkeley was the governor. In the election of 1890, Merwin defeated Bulkeley to the nomination for Republican candidate in the gubernatorial election. His opponent received a majority of less than 100 votes, and the election was contested. There was a deadlock for two years, until the next election, in which Bulkeley still served as governor. Merwin continued serving as lieutenant governor during those years.
Merwin was the Republican candidate for governor in the election of 1892 as well, and aspired to become the candidate in 1894 too. However, in 1892, the gubernatorial election was won by Democrat Luzon Buritt Morris, and in 1894, Owen Vincent Coffin was the Republican candidate and won the election.

## Personal life

Merwin died at his residence in New Haven, Connecticut on March 5, 1907, after an illness of three years.
# Happy Face Hill

Happy Face Hill is a landmark located in Simi Valley, California featuring a 150-foot-wide smiley face that overlooks the California State Route 118. It was created in 1998 by gardener Sonny Klamerus, a resident of neighboring Northridge, Los Angeles, who originally trespassed on the property in order to gain access, and considered it a "practical joke." The Hill gained a favorable reception among the community and became a notable landmark within the years following. It is currently maintained by the Simi Valley Sunrise Rotary Club and community volunteers.

## History

Klamerus claims to have made Happy Face Hill in 1998 as a prank and trespassed on land owned by a development company to create the work. The Hill was quickly embraced by the local community, and local residents volunteered in the succeeding years to assist with maintenance, brush clearance, and cosmetic adjustments. Today, the Hill is owned by a private Homeowner association who grant access to the property for preservation purposes.
The Hill has undergone several notable changes, with the addition of solar-powered lights, an adjustment in the angle of the smile, and spotlights aimed at the hillside. In anticipation for the festival celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Little House on the Prairie, the hill was covered in thousands of blue and yellow flags.
The Hill is currently maintained by members of the Simi Valley Sunrise Rotary Club, who also produce an annual Happy Face Music Festival in reference to the landmark.

## In popular culture

A photograph of Happy Face Hill posted May 2, 2024, by model Gigi Hadid on Instagram received over 2,900,000 likes.
# Kafeh

Kafeh (Persian: كفه) is a village in Rahgan Rural District, Khafr District, Jahrom County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 73, in 16 families.
# Periyapillai

Periyapillai (Tamil: பெரியபிள்ளை) (died 1582) was of one of the Aryacakravarti rulers of Jaffna kingdom who followed in the chaotic period after the death of Cankili I(1519–1561). Some sources claim that he deposed the Cankili I's son, Puviraja Pandaram as soon as Cankili I died. Others say that there was an intermediate ruler named Kasi Nainar between him and the death of Cankili I. He with the help of Thanjavur Nayak help mounted an attack on the Portuguese fort in the Mannar Island to regain territory lost during Cankili's rule but he was defeated. Due to a local uprising he lost power to Puviraja Pandaram. He is considered to be the father (or grandfather) of the last king of the Kingdom, Cankili II and Migapulle Arachchi.