OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Lowndes Snead

Thomas Lowndes Snead (January 10, 1828 – October 17, 1890) was a Confederate soldier and politician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War.

## Biography

Born in Henrico County, Virginia, Snead graduated from Richmond College in 1846 and the University of Virginia in 1848 before studying law. He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1850 and eventually became a newspaperman, serving as owner and editor of the St. Louis Bulletin from 1860 until February 1861. From February through early May 1861 Snead also acted as a (civilian) aide and secretary to Missouri Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson.
Upon the enactment of Missouri's May 1861 "Military Bill" Snead was appointed aide-de-camp to Governor Jackson and commissioned an officer in the Missouri State Guard. He participated in the Battles of Boonville, Carthage, Wilson's Creek, and Lexington during the fight against Union forces for control of the state. After the Missouri State Guard was merged into the Confederate Army, Snead served as chief of staff for General Sterling Price's Army of the West.
He was elected as a Representative from Missouri to the Second Confederate Congress in May, 1864.
After the end of the war, Snead moved to New York City and worked as an editor for the Daily News from 1865 to 1867. He was admitted to the New York bar association in 1866. He wrote a book, The Fight for Missouri, which was meant to be the first volume in a history of the war's trans-Mississippi theater. The book was published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1886. Snead died suddenly of heart disease at his home on October 17, 1890, at age 62. His body was returned to St. Louis and buried there in Bellefontaine Cemetery. He was survived by his wife, one son, and one daughter.
# Jason Gilbert

Jason Gilbert, known by his nickname JG, is a Caymanian record producer, songwriter, mixing engineer and DJ. JG has produced for artists including Eminem, Bad Meets Evil, Akon, Christina Aguilera and Taio Cruz.
In 2011, Gilbert won a Grammy Award for his production work on Eminem's Recovery album.
Later in 2011, JG produced the first single off of Bad Meets Evil debut album. The single charted at #32 on the Billboard Hot 100.
JG is the founder of Happy Parrot Records and has a Master of Science in Finance degree from Florida International University (FIU). JG is the founder and member of DJ Group (Skorch Bun It).

## Production discography
### 2010

* 2010: Eminem - Recovery - 5. "W.T.P"

### 2011

* 2011: Bad Meets Evil - Hell: The Sequel - 2. "Fast Lane"
* 2011: Melanie Fiona - The MF Life - 17. "Like I Love You"
* 2011: Taio Cruz - TY.O - 9."You're Beautiful"

### 2012

* 2012: Machel Montano - Double M - 4."Whine" 6."Represent"
* 2012: Christina Aguilera - Lotus - 10. "Around The World"

### 2013

* 2013: Colette Carr - Skitszo - 4. "Racking Up"

### 2014

* 2014: Sebastian Mikael - Speechless - 10. "A Beautiful Life"
* 2014: Chris Webby - Chemically Imbalanced - 15. "Stand Up"
* 2014: Remy Ma - I'm Around - 8. "Go In Go Off"

### 2015

* 2015: Akon Feat. Stephen Marley - Stadium - "Just A Man"
* 2015: Genevieve - Show Your Colors - 5. "Authority"

### 2016

* 2016: KLP (musician) - "Ember"

### 2018

* 2018: Kes (band), Skorch Bun It & Sekon Sta - "Cabin Fever"
* 2018: 3LetterzNuk & Marco Foster - "I Wonder"

### 2019

* 2019: Kes (band), Skorch Bun It & Lira (singer) - "Soca For Love"
* 2019: Kiana Ledé Feat. French Montana - "Ex" (Remix)
* 2019: Cool Blaze, Skorch Bun It & Sekon Sta - "Who Pay?!"

### 2020

* 2020: Jadakiss Feat. John Legend - Ignatius - "I Know"
* 2020: JoJo - Good to Know - "Bad Habits "
* 2020: Positive Soul & Jason Gilbert - Resilient

### 2021

* 2021: Machel Montano - The Wedding Album - "Teacher" & "2U"
* 2021: Skorch Bun It - Old Ting Riddim - All Songs
* 2021: Skorch Bun It, CoolBlaze & Timeka Marshall Feat College Boy Jesse - "Anything"
* 2021: Skorch Bun It, CoolBlaze - Jogo Riddim EP
* 2021: Skorch Bun It, CoolBlaze - Verde Riddim EP
* 2021: Skorch Bun It, SugaRhe - On My Way
* 2021: Skorch Bun It, Jay III - Ride

### 2024

* 2024: Dinah Jane - "Ocean Song"

### Singles

* 2011: Bad Meets Evil - Hell: The Sequel - 2. "Fast Lane"
* 2015: Akon Feat. Stephen Marley - Stadium - "Just A Man"
* 2016: KLP (musician) - "Ember"
* 2019: Kes (band), Skorch Bun It & Sekon Sta - "Cabin Fever"
* 2019: Kes (band), Skorch Bun It & Lira (singer) - "Soca For Love"
* 2019: Kiana Ledé Feat. French Montana - "Ex" (Remix)
* 2021: Skorch Bun It, CoolBlaze & Timeka Marshall Feat College Boy Jesse - "Anything"
* 2021: Skorch Bun It, Nialah Blackman - "Coffee"
* 2021: Machel Montano - The Wedding Album - "2U" (Co-Writer)
# Grand Avenue Village Association

The Grand Avenue Village Association (GAVA) was a membership based, non-profit organization composed primarily of local merchants along Grand Avenue, in the Fair Haven neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut. GAVA was created in 1999 by a group of merchants with support from the City of New Haven. The organization went on to establish the Grand Avenue Special Services District in 2009.

## Purpose

GAVA's mission was primarily to improve the business climate of the Fair Haven neighborhood, improve the public perception of commercial opportunities, and assist merchants in increasing capacity and generating profit.

## Membership

GAVA was a very “hands on”, on-the-street organization, which spends considerable time interacting with its membership, providing direct assistance and networking. Its membership comprised sixty-five companies, with a core group of six representatives serving on its executive board. Retailers and restaurants made up the majority of members, with service firms, contractors and wholesalers also represented.

## Local impact

The impact that GAVA had on the Fair Haven community and local businesses since its inception has been considerable. For example, GAVA successfully held community clean-ups, which are now held on a monthly basis. The organization provided technical assistance, access to business planning and financing to small businesses. It was also instrumental in the development and architectural planning to the Grand Avenue commercial corridor.
GAVA supported and hosted events in the Festival of Arts and Ideas, a popular annual festival held each summer in New Haven, Connecticut.
# Benin at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

Benin competed at the 2019 World Championships in Athletics in Doha, Qatar, from 27 September–6 October 2019.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semi-final | Semi-final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Noélie Yarigo | 800 metres | 2:01.19 | 4 Q | 2:00.75 | 11 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

#### Combined events – Heptathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100H | HJ | SP | 200 m | LJ | JT | 800 m | Final | Rank |
| Odile Ahouanwanou | Result | 13.45 (+0.4) | 1.77 SB | 14.13 | 24.05 (+1.0) | 6.00 PB (-0.2) | 46.74 PB | 2:22.89 SB | 6210 NR | 8 |
| Odile Ahouanwanou | Points | 1058 | 941 | 803 | 976 | 850 | 797 | 785 | 6210 NR | 8 |
# Journal of African Economies

The Journal of African Economies is published five times a year by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford. The journal publishes economic analyses, focused entirely on Africa. Each issue contains applied research together with a comprehensive book review section and a listing of current working papers from around the world. According to the Journal Citation Report, the journal's impact factor was 1.196 in 2020.
# Souw Beng Kong

Souw Beng Kong, 1st Kapitein der Chinezen (simplified Chinese: 苏鸣岗; traditional Chinese: 蘇鳴崗; pinyin: Sū Mínggǎng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: So͘ Bêng-kong; c. 1580–1644), called Bencon in older Dutch sources, was an ally of the Dutch East India Company and the first Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia, capital of colonial Indonesia. This was the most senior Chinese position in the colonial civil bureaucracy with legal and political jurisdiction over the local Chinese community in the colony.

## Life

Souw Beng Kong was born in Tong An, Fujian around 1580, during the Ming Dynasty. By the beginning of the seventeenth century, he had established himself as a leading magnate and merchant in the port city of Banten on the north coast of Java. He was appointed by Pangeran Ratu, Sultan of Banten (1596–1647) as the Kapitan Cina, or Chinese headman, of Banten. In the conflict between the Sultan and the Dutch East India Company, however, Souw sided with the company.
He developed a cordial relationship with Jan Pieterszoon Coen, the fourth Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1587-1629). When Coen moved the Dutch headquarters from Banten to the newly conquered city of Jayakarta (later renamed Batavia), the Governor-General asked Souw to relocate to the new Dutch capital. Souw played an important role in consolidating Dutch rule in Batavia by encouraging the settlement of Chinese migrants, starting with 170 Chinese families from Banten. The Company appointed Souw as Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia with political and legal authority over the local Chinese community.
This system formed part of the Dutch colonial system of ‘Indirect Rule’. Similar posts were created for leaders of other ethnic groups in Batavia, such as the Bugis, the Balinese, the Makassarese, the Indians and the Papangers. Interethnic relations were close. Kapitein Souw Beng Kong is recorded to have had two Balinese wives who gave birth to two sons.
Beyond his role as Kapitein, Souw Beng Kong was also given the authority to mint coins and print money and the license to tax gambling in Batavia. He also developed trade links between Dutch Formosa (Taiwan) and Batavia towards the end of the Ming Dynasty. Souw resigned his captaincy in 1636 after 17 years in office.
Kapitein Souw Beng Kong died in 1644. As proven by his tomb, which refers to the Ming dynasty, Souw was a lifelong Ming loyalist.

## Tomb

The tomb of Kapitein Souw Beng Kong is one of the oldest historic sites of the colonial period in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is located in Mangga Dua Selatan, Central Jakarta, in what was then the outskirts of the old colonial capital.
The then derelict tomb was first restored during the mayoralty of Souw's last colonial successor, Majoor Khouw Kim An (in office: 1910–1918, 1927–1945), who also added a commemorative plaque. After decades of abandonment and neglect, the tomb was restored between 2006 and 2008 by a group led by MATAKIN (Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia) and Trisakti University.
# Audrey Bates (programmer)

Margery Audrey Bates (Clayton Wallis) (1928–2014) was a British-American computer programmer who, in 1948, wrote the earliest program for lambda calculus calculations on the Manchester Mark I computer.

## Career

Bates graduated with a First in Mathematics from University of Manchester in the summer of 1949. She was taken on as a research student by Alan Turing, and shared an office with him and Cicely Popplewell. In 1950 Bates submitted an MSc thesis entitled "The mechanical solution of a problem in Church's Lambda calculus". This thesis documents a successful attempt to carry out higher-order logical reasoning on the extremely primitive Manchester Mark I electronic computer.
When the Manchester Mark I was commercialised by the local electronics firm Ferranti, Bates moved to work with them as a programmer. Whilst at Ferranti she composed several sections (some uncredited) of Vivian Bowdon's Faster Than Thought, a popular introduction to electronic computing.
In 1952, Bates went to work on the FERUT, the Ferranti Mark I installed at the University of Toronto. In 1955, Bates was pictured supervising the FERUT when it carried out the first automated remote access to a computer.
In 1979, Bates was working as a 'futurist' at a US military think tank.

## Personal life

Bates married twice and had four children. Her first husband, Ken Wallis, was a fellow Ferranti programmer; her second husband was Leigh Clayton (1927–2024) and it was under the name of Clayton that Bates published her later work.
# Weingartia cylindrica

Weingartia cylindrica is a species of Weingartia found in Bolivia.
# Benin at the 2023 World Athletics Championships

Benin competed at the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, from 19 to 27 August 2023.

## Results

Benin entered 1 athlete.

### Key

* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* PB = Personal best
* SB = Season best
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event

### Women
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Noélie Yarigo | 800 metres | 1:59.96 | 1 Q | 1:59.43 | 3 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Danków, Silesian Voivodeship

Danków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipie, within Kłobuck County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south of Lipie, 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Kłobuck, and 85 km (53 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.
# Ruka Okamoto

Ruka Okamoto (岡本 留佳, Okamoto Ruka) (born 11 March 2006) is a Japanese taekwondo practitioner. She won bronze medal at the 2023 World Championships.

## Achievements

| Year | Event | Location | Place |
| 2022 | World Junior Championships | Sofia, Bulgaria | 3rd |
| 2023 | World Championships | Baku, Azerbaijan | 3rd |
# University of Aizu

The University of Aizu (Japanese: 会津大学, romanized: Aizu Daigaku) is a public university in Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The university is dedicated to computer engineering and English language education.

## Description

The university specializes in computer science education, both hardware and software, at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It is known for its open access to computers; there is a 1:1 ratio of computers to students, and students have access to a computer 24 hours a day. Additionally, the computers are replaced every three years, so the available computer equipment is always recent technology.
In addition to computer science, English language education is an important aspect of the University of Aizu. The university is officially bilingual and all official meetings and correspondence are interpreted and translated. Approximately 40% of professors come from overseas, including countries such as Vietnam, India, South Korea, Canada, United States, Russia and China. Not only do students enroll in English courses throughout their undergraduate programs, many of their computer science courses are taught in English. Students are required to write a graduation thesis in English. The university has international students at the masters and doctoral levels.

## Rankings

UoA was ranked 18th (2nd among public universities) and was ranked 7th in the field of computer science in "THE World University Rankings Japan 2022" by Times Higher Education (THE), a British education magazine, released on March 25, 2021. This ranking evaluates universities based on 16 indicators in four areas: educational resources, educational enrichment, educational outcomes, and internationalization, and the University of Aizu was ranked second among public universities.
It was ranked 1st in Fostering Entrepreneurship Number of university-launched ventures(Public universities in Japan). The UoA is recognized by many companies and has maintained nearly a 100% of employment rate since its foundation.

## Top Global University

In September 2014, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) selected the University of Aizu as one among 37 universities for the Top Global University Project.

## Campus

The university is located on a 20 hectare campus in Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima. The university has a student dormitory, sports and swimming facilities, and numerous playing fields.

## Faculties and graduate schools

* Computer Science and Engineering
* Information Technology and Project Management

## Graduate fields of study

* Computer Devices
* Information Systems
* Computer Network Systems
* Recognition and the Human Interface
* Algorithms and Theoretical Computer Science
* Computer Organization and Parallel Processing
* Synthetic Worlds, Virtual Reality and Multimedia
* Knowledge Engineering, Cybernetics and Software Systems
* Software Engineering and Information Technology

## Research institutes, centers, and facilities

* University Business Innovation Center
* Center for Language Research
# William H. Sowden

William Henry Sowden (June 6, 1840 – March 3, 1907) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

William H. Sowden was born in Liskeard, Cornwall. He emigrated to the United States in 1846 with his father, who settled in Philadelphia, and later went to live with friends in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He attended the public schools and Allentown Academy.
During the American Civil War, he served as a corporal in Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served from August 13, 1862, to May 19, 1863. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1864, and after graduation from Harvard Law School in 1865 commenced practice in Allentown. He served as solicitor of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, in 1868 and district attorney in 1872 through 1874. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 1874 and an unsuccessful candidate for election to Congress in 1876. He was a delegate to the 1884 Democratic National Convention, and served as city solicitor of Allentown in 1886.
Sowden was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses. He was not a candidate for reelection in 1888. He resumed the practice of law, and served as city solicitor of Allentown from 1900 to 1902. He was a delegate to the 1900 Democratic National Convention. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate to the Fifty-ninth Congress in 1904. He was elected as solicitor of Lehigh County in 1906, and died in Allentown in 1907. Interment in Union Cemetery.
In May 1888, his daughter married James L. Pugh, Jr, the son of U.S. senator from Alabama, James L. Pugh. Mrs James L. Pugh, Jr. was born in Allentown and studied at the Allentown Female College in 1884 and afterward attended the Luthervillw Female Seminary, near Baltimore.
# John Porry Murray

John Porry Murray (July 14, 1830 – December 21, 1895) was an American politician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War.
Murray was born in Gainesboro, Jackson County, Tennessee. He was a state court judge in 1857 and represented the state in the Second Confederate Congress from 1864 to 1865.
Colonel of the 28th Tennessee Infantry Regiment and the 4th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (Murray's).
# Tenancingo

Tenancingo may refer to:
* Tenancingo, State of Mexico, Mexico
* Tenancingo, Tlaxcala, Mexico
* Tenancingo, El Salvador
# Category 3 cable

Category 3 cable, commonly known as Cat 3 or station wire, and less commonly known as VG or voice-grade (as, for example, in 100BaseVG), is an unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable used in telephone wiring. It is part of a family of standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and published in TIA/EIA-568-B.
Although designed to reliably carry data up to 10 Mbit/s, modern data networks run at much higher speeds, and Cat 5e or better cable is generally used for new installations. Cat 3 cables may have 2, 3, 4, or more pairs.

## Networking

Cat 3 was widely used in computer networking in the early 1990s for 10BASE-T Ethernet and, to a much lesser extent, for 100BaseVG Ethernet, Token Ring and 100BASE-T4. The original Power over Ethernet 802.3af specification supports the use of Cat 3 cable, but the later 802.3at Type 2 high-power variation does not. In some use cases and for short distances, Cat 3 may be capable of carrying 100BASE-TX (2 pairs) or even 1000BASE-T (4 pairs). Such use cases include hobbyist retrofitting short home telephone Cat 3 networks for Ethernet.
Dedicated 100BASE-T4 networks, supporting 100 Mbit/s over Cat 3, appear to have been a rarity as very few network interface controllers and switches were ever released. Some examples include the 3com 3C250-T4 Superstack II HUB 100, IBM 8225 Fast Ethernet Stackable Hub and Intel LinkBuilder FMS 100 T4. The same applies to network interface controller cards. Bridging 100BASE-T4 with 100BASE-TX required additional network equipment.

## Replacement

Starting in the mid-1990s, new structured cabling installations were often built with the higher performing Cat 5e cable required by 100BASE-TX. Cat 5e or Cat 6 is now used for all modern structured cabling installations. Many large institutions have policies that any upgrade to a network using Cat 3 must involve upgrading to Cat 5e.
# HMS Fulminante (1798)

HMS Fulminante was a cutter belonging to the French Navy that the British captured in 1798, the French recaptured in 1800, and the British re-recaptured three months later. She was wrecked early in 1801.

## Capture

On 13 September 1798, Fulminante, under the command of Captain Monier captured the American brig Fame and brought her into Algeciras.
On 29 October 1798, between Tarifa and Tangiers, Espoir, under the command of Captain Loftus Otway Bland, captured Fulminante, which had had the "impudence" (in Bland's words) to attack Espoir. Admiral Jervis, Earl of St Vincent, needing an advice boat, took her into service the next day as HMS Fulminante.
On 7 November Fulminante was with Commodore John Thomas Duckworth at the capture of the island of Minorca. As a result, she shared in the prize money for the capture. Lieutenant William Robinson commanded her in January 1800, and perhaps earlier. Later that year Lieutenant Edward Morris replaced Robinson.

## Recapture and re-recapture

The French privateer Deux Frères captured Fulminante on 2 June 1800. She had been sailing off Cadiz when she encountered the French privateer. After a 40-minute fight the French were able to board Fulminante, forcing her to strike.
In September the British recaptured Fulminante. By January 1801 she was under the command of Lieutenant Robert Corbet.

## Loss

Fulminante accompanied Lord Keith's invasion of Egypt. Here she supported General Sir Ralph Abercromby as he moved his troops from Abukir to Alexandria. She was stationed close to the shore to fire on French shore positions but her carronades did not have the range and so her shots fell short. On 23 March Corbet therefore brought her to within a cable's length — 240 yards (219 m) — of the shore and anchored her there. During the night the wind rose, causing one of her cables to rub against the rocks, parting it. The second cable did not hold and within minutes Fulmiante had drifted on shore and was wrecked. There was no loss of life. The location of the wreck was reportedly "La Cruelle", near Damietta, which is to the east of Abu Qir. The court martial for the loss occurred on 1 April and apparently absolved Corbet. On 15 May Corbet delivered dispatches from Keith to the Admiralty.
Although Fulminante was present for less than a month during the campaign, when the Admiralty in 1847 authorized the awarding of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Egypt" to all surviving claimants from the crews of all vessels present between 8 March and 2 September, Fulminante was among the vessels listed as qualifying.
# Joel Rufino dos Santos

Joel Rufino dos Santos (19 June 1941 – 4 September 2015) was a Brazilian academic and writer, including historian and novelist.

## Life and career

Rufino dos Santos was born in 1941 in Rio de Janeiro.
He was a professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Rufino dos Santos is considered one of the country's greatest historians as well as a novelist and writer, having been one of the leading names in the study of African culture and Afro-Brazilian literature in Brazil.

## Death

He died from complications from cardiac surgery on 4 September 2015.