OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joshua W. Swartz

Joshua William Swartz (June 9, 1867 – May 27, 1959) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

## Formative years

Born in Lower Swatara Township, Pennsylvania, just west of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on June 9, 1867, Joshua W. Swartz was raised on his father's farm, and attended the rural schools, Lebanon Valley College, and Williamsport Commercial School. He graduated from the law department of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 1892.

## Career

Admitted to the bar in 1892, he began his legal practice in Harrisburg, and subsequently became a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives, serving in that capacity from 1915 to 1917.
Swartz was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-ninth Congress. He declined to become a candidate for reelection in 1926, and resumed the practice of law until his death in Harrisburg on May 27, 1959. He was buried at the Paxtang Cemetery near Harrisburg.
# List of current presidents of regions of Italy

This is the list of current presidents of regions of Italy.

## List

| Region | Name | Since | Term | Party | Coalition | Last election |
| Aosta Valley | Renzo Testolin (1968–) | 2 March 2023 | 2023–2025 | UV | Centre-left | 2020 |
| Piedmont | Alberto Cirio (1972–) | 6 June 2019 | 2024–2029 | FI | Centre-right | 2024 |
| Liguria | Marco Bucci (1959–) | 6 November 2024 | 2024–2029 | Indep | Centre-right | 2024 |
| Lombardy | Attilio Fontana (1962–) | 26 March 2018 | 2023–2028 | Lega–LL | Centre-right | 2023 |
| Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol | Arno Kompatscher (1972–) | 13 March 2024 | 2024–2026 (rotational presidency) | SVP | Centre-right | 2023 |
| Veneto | Luca Zaia (1968–) | 30 March 2010 | 2020–2025 | Lega–LV | Centre-right | 2020 |
| Friuli-Venezia Giulia | Massimiliano Fedriga (1980–) | 30 April 2018 | 2023–2028 | Lega–LFVG | Centre-right | 2023 |
| Emilia-Romagna | Michele De Pascale (1985–) | 13 December 2024 | 2024–2029 | PD | Centre-left | 2024 |
| Tuscany | Eugenio Giani (1959–) | 8 October 2020 | 2020–2025 | PD | Centre-left | 2020 |
| Umbria | Stefania Proietti (1975–) | 2 December 2024 | 2024–2029 | Indep | Centre-left | 2024 |
| Marche | Francesco Acquaroli (1974–) | 30 September 2020 | 2020–2025 | FdI | Centre-right | 2020 |
| Lazio | Francesco Rocca (1965–) | 2 March 2023 | 2023–2028 | Indep–FdI | Centre-right | 2023 |
| Abruzzo | Marco Marsilio (1968–) | 11 February 2019 | 2024–2029 | FdI | Centre-right | 2024 |
| Molise | Francesco Roberti (1967–) | 6 July 2023 | 2023–2028 | FI | Centre-right | 2023 |
| Campania | Vincenzo De Luca (1949–) | 1 June 2015 | 2020–2025 | PD | Centre-left | 2020 |
| Apulia | Michele Emiliano (1959–) | 1 June 2015 | 2020–2025 | Indep–PD | Centre-left | 2020 |
| Basilicata | Vito Bardi (1951–) | 25 March 2019 | 2024–2029 | FI | Centre-right | 2024 |
| Calabria | Roberto Occhiuto (1969–) | 29 October 2021 | 2021–2026 | FI | Centre-right | 2021 |
| Sicily | Renato Schifani (1950–) | 13 October 2022 | 2022–2027 | FI | Centre-right | 2022 |
| Sardinia | Alessandra Todde (1969–) | 20 March 2024 | 2024–2029 | M5S | Centre-left | 2024 |
# Hiram Morgan

Hiram Morgan (born 1960) is an Irish historian. He is an expert on the Nine Years War (1594–1603), the career of Hugh O'Neill (1550–1616) and Ireland's connections with Europe and beyond. He was chairman of the Royal Irish Academy Committee for Historical Sciences from 2003 to 2007.

## Early life

Morgan was born in Belfast in 1960. He was educated at Our Lady and St. Patrick's College, Knock and at St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He teaches at University College Cork.

## Publications

His main works are:
* Monograph:
** Tyrone's rebellion: the outbreak of the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland' (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, April 1993), no. 67 in The Royal Historical Society Studies in History series.
* Edited Books:
** Political Ideology in Ireland, 1541–1641' (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1999).
** Information, Media and Power through the Ages (Dublin: University College Dublin Press, 2001).
** The Battle of Kinsale (Bray: Wordwell Books, March 2004).
* Translation/Scholarly Edition
** With John Barry, Great Deeds in Ireland, Richard Stanihurst's De Rebus in Hibernia Gestis (Leiden, 1584), (Cork University Press, 2013).
* Journal
** A founder and co-editor (1992-2002) of History Ireland, the illustrated magazine dealing with all aspects of Irish history.
* Websites
** Morgan is director of the world's largest online site for Irish Studies: CELT (Corpus of Electronic Text of Ireland)
# Peter Tham

Peter Tham Wing Fai (born in 1948) is a Singaporean stockbroker and the director of Pan-Electric Industries. A failure by him to observe a forward contract agreement that he negotiated with Tan Koon Swan was responsible for the company's collapse in 1985.

## Background

Tham left Singapore in 1984, before Pan-El collapsed. In April 1986, he was traced to Seattle in the United States by FBI officials. He flew to Tokyo, from where he was extradited back to Singapore, immediately arrested, and charged with 26 counts of helping Tan Kok Liang to make "fictitious sharetrading transactions." He was eventually sentenced to a total of 10 years in jail—eight in 1986 for forging Pan-Electric share certificates and two in 1988 for criminal breach of trust. In February 1991, he was declared a bankrupt for owing S$25 million to various parties.
Tham was released from jail early, in 1992. He divorced his wife, Joyce Aw, whom he had married in 1973, and married Kok Mei Yee in 1995. In 1998, he was in trouble with the law again after Kok alleged that he had beaten her. She also informed the Official Assignee that although he was still officially bankrupt, he had been keeping a collection of antique longcase clocks and Chinese pottery with a total value of S$400,000 in their Peck Hay Road apartment, without declaring them to the Official Assignee as was required by law. Although his wife later withdrew the private summons charge of assault, he was still being investigated for hiding personal assets and in May 2000, he was charged with hiding about S$1.7 million in cash, three cars and other items from the authorities. The trial was adjourned but when the case was next mentioned in September 2000, Tham's lawyer could not contact him and a warrant of arrest was issued for Tham.
Tham was later traced to the Indonesian island of Batam, but has since disappeared again.
In 2004, his story was re-enacted on an episode of MediaCorp's Missing television series.
# Lanoraie

Lanoraie (French pronunciation:) is a town in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada, part of the D'Autray Regional County Municipality.

## History

When Jacques Cartier passed through in the 16th century, the Iroquois had already established themselves in the area, calling it Agochanda or Agouchonda, meaning "place where one stops to eat and rest". It was also in this area in 1642 that Isaac Jogues was abducted by the Mohawks along with Guillaume Couture and René Goupil, and taken into captivity and tortured.
In 1672, the Intendant of New France Jean Talon granted the territory as a seignory to Louis de Niort de La Noraye (1639-1708). In 1688, the Seignory of La Noraye (also spelled as: Lanauraie, Lanoraie, Noraye) was united with the Autray Seignory, granted in 1637 to Jean Bourdon who passed it on to his son Jacques Bourdon d'Autray in 1653.
Although the Parish of Saint-Joseph-de-Lanoraie was founded in 1732, it did not really begin to develop until 1831. In 1845, this parish was incorporated as the Parish Municipality of Lanoraie, but abolished two years later in 1847, when it became part of the Berthier County Municipality. In 1855, it was reestablished as the Parish Municipality of Saint-Joseph-de-Lanoraie. In 1848, the Municipality of Lanoraie-d'Autray was formed.
On December 6, 2000, the Parish Municipality of Saint-Joseph-de-Lanoraie and the Municipality of Lanoraie-d'Autray were merged to form the new Municipality of Lanoraie.

## Demographics

Population trend:
* Population in 2021: 5,134 (2016 to 2021 population change: 7.2%)
* Population in 2016: 4,787
* Population in 2011: 4,447
* Population in 2006: 4,067
* Population in 2001: 3,869
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 2,123 (total dwellings: 2,199)
Mother tongue:
* English as first language: 1.2%
* French as first language: 95.5%
* English and French as first language: 1.1%
* Other as first language: 2.1%

## Education

Commission scolaire des Samares operates francophone public schools, including:
* École de la Source d'Autray
The Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates anglophone public schools, including:
* Joliette Elementary School in Saint-Charles-Borromée
* Joliette High School in Joliette
# Petter Solli

Petter Solli (born 22 April 1966) is a retired Norwegian football defender.
Hailing from Ørnes, he played ten seasons for FK Bodø/Glimt and became cup champion in 1993.
He spent the years 1996 and 1997 in Moss FK, then 1998 and 1999 in Sweden's Trelleborgs FF. In 2000 he became player-manager of FK Lofoten, continuing as such in Svolvær IL from 2006.
# Kavitha (1962 film)

Kavitha is a 1962 Indian Tamil-language film directed by T. R. Raghunath. The film stars M. R. Radha and Rajasulochana. It was released on 2 September 1962.

## Plot

Kavitha is the daughter of a rich man, Sabapathy Mudaliar, who loves Durai, an artist. Mudaliar falls sick and wants Kavitha to marry his sister's son, Rajasekaran who lives in Malaysia. Caught between love and affection, Kavitha feels it is important to save her father's love and sacrifices her love. She marries Rajasekaran but soon she finds that he drinks too much. He demands for more and more money and beats her if she refuses to give it. This worries Mudaliar. In the meantime, another woman, Ponnamma, who is a look alike of Kavitha enters the family. She consoles Kavitha and tries to advise Rajasekaran. But Rajasekaran sends Kavitha to a mental hospital and shows Ponnamma as Kavitha to Mudaliar. Kavitha suspects the true identity of Rajasekaran. Ponnamma, who knows the truth about Rajasekaran's identity, is unable to reveal it to Mudaliar as she is pretending to be Kavitha. However, Ponnamma falls sick and dies. In the meantime, Durai and Gomathi, Kavitha's cousin, and Leela, Kavitha's friend, are trying to find Rajasekaran's true identity. How they do it and rescues Kavitha forms the rest of the story.

## Cast

List adapted from the database of Film News Anandan and from the song book.

## Production

The film was produced by Modern Theatres and was directed by T. R. Raghunath. Story and dialogues were written by Murasoli Maran. R. Sampath was in charge of cinematography while L. Balu handled the editing. Art direction was by B. Nagarajan. Hiralal and P. Jayaram did the choreography. Still photography was done by A. J. Joseph. Rajasulochana featured in dual roles in this film.

## Soundtrack

Music was composed by K. V. Mahadevan.
| Song | Singer/s | Lyricist | Length |
| "Paarkka Paarkka Mayakkuthadi" | P. Susheela & K. Jamuna Rani | A. Maruthakasi | 03:24 |
| "Oorirundhum Veedillai" | M. S. Rajeswari | A. Maruthakasi | 03:10 |
| "Kannukkulle Onnirukku" | T. M. Soundararajan & K. Jamuna Rani | A. Maruthakasi | 04:51 |
| "Ulle Irukkum Ponnammaa" | T. M. Soundararajan & K. Jamuna Rani | A. Maruthakasi | 03:19 |
| "Manakkum Roja My Lady" | A. L. Raghavan & K. Jamuna Rani | A. Maruthakasi | 03:30 |
| "Parakkum Paravaigal Neeye" | P. B. Srinivas & K. Jamuna Rani | Kannadasan | 03:18 |
| "Megam Vandhathu Minnal Vandhathu" | P. Susheela | Kannadasan | |
| "Appaa Un Magalai Paarthaayaa" | P. Susheela | Kannadasan | |
# Jeziorki, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Jeziorki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojnice, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Chojnice and 95 km (59 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Willis R. Shaw

Willis R. Shaw (June 17, 1860–March 29, 1933) was an American printer, newspaper editor, and politician.
Shaw was born in Charleston, Illinois. He was involved with the newspaper and printing business. He was involved with the Typographical Union and with the Democratic Party. He lived in Lincoln, Illinois with his wife and family. He served as the assessor for the West Lincoln Township, Logan County, Illinois. Shaw moved with his wife and family from Lincoln, Illinois to Decatur, Illinois in 1910. Shaw served in the Illinois Senate from 1913 to 1917. Shaw died from heart problems at his daughter's home in Decatur, Illinois.
# Zelda Popkin

Zelda Popkin (née Feinberg; 5 July 1898 – 25 May 1983) was an American writer of novels and mystery stories. She created Mary Carner, one of the first professional female private detectives in fiction. Carner was a store detective who appeared in five novels.

## Life

Zelda Popkin was married to Louis Popkin, and together they ran a small public relations firm until his death. They had two children, Roy and Richard.

## Work

Popkin's most successful book was The Journey Home, published in 1945, which sold nearly a million copies. Small Victory, published in 1947, was one of the first American novels with a Holocaust theme, and Quiet Street (1951) was the first American novel about the creation of the state of Israel.
She also wrote an autobiography, Open Every Door (1956), chronicling her childhood, life with her husband Louis Popkins, and life after his death. Herman Had Two Daughters (1968), a novel about two young Jewish women growing up in a small Pennsylvania town, is also largely autobiographical.

## Awards

* 1952 Jewish National Book Award for Quiet Street

## Books
### Mary Carner Crime Series

* Death Wears a White Gardenia (1938)
* Time Off for Murder (1940)
* Murder in the Mist (1940)
* Dead Man's Gift (1941)
* No Crime for a Lady (1942)

### Novels

* So Much Blood (1944)
* The Journey Home (1945)
* Small Victory (1947)
* Walk Through the Valley (1949)
* Quiet Street (1951)
* Open Every Door (1956)
* Herman Had Two Daughters (1968)
* A Death of Innocence (1971)
* Dear Once (1975)

### Non fiction autobiography

* Open Every Door (1956)
# Dike Kokaral

Dike Kokaral is a 12 km long dam across a narrow stretch of the former Aral Sea, splitting off the North Aral Sea (also called "The Small Sea") from the area that once contained the much larger South Aral Sea ("The Large Sea"). The dike is conserving the dwindling waters of the Syr Darya river and maintaining (and attempting to revive) the damaged ecology of the North Aral Sea, at the expense of sealing the fate of the larger South Aral. Work was completed in August 2005, with help from the World Bank. Dike Kokaral is named after the Kokaral peninsula (an island until the 1960s), which would connect it to the other shore of the Aral Sea and separate the northern from the southern seas.

## History

As the waters of the contributory rivers to the Aral have been progressively redirected for irrigation, the water levels in the Aral have fallen, the shore receded, and the water quality has dropped precipitously. The dike was built twice in the past from local sand, but due to a lack of funding necessary to strengthen it once the water level in the North Aral Sea (and therefore pressure to the dike) began to rise, the dike was washed away. This happened in 1992 and 1998. However, for the short time that the dike stood, positive changes were already noticed - the climate became milder, and fauna was partly restored. When the dike was washed away, the water level fell again, as much of the water poured into the South Aral Sea. In some places, the coastline of North Aral retreated by as much as a few hundred meters.

## North Aral's sea level

After the completion of Dike Kokaral, the water level of the North Aral has risen, and its salinity has decreased. By 2006, some recovery of the sea level was recorded, sooner than expected. "The dam has caused the small Aral's sea level to rise swiftly to 38m (125ft), from a low of less than 30m (98ft), with 42m (138ft) considered the level of viability." Economically significant stocks of fish have returned, and observers who had written off the North Aral Sea as an environmental catastrophe were surprised by reports that in 2006 its returning waters already were partly reviving the fishing industry and producing a catch for export as far as Ukraine. The restoration reportedly gave rise to long-absent rain clouds and possible microclimate changes, bringing tentative hope to an agricultural sector swallowed by a regional dustbowl, and some expansion of the shrunken sea. The sea, which had receded almost 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of the port-city of Aralsk, was a mere 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) away by 2015.
# Stamen Grigorov

Stamen Gigov Grigorov (Bulgarian: Стамен Гигов Григоров; 27 October 1878 – 27 October 1945) was a prominent Bulgarian physician and microbiologist. He discovered the Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacillus, used in the making of yogurt.

## Life

Stamen Grigorov was born in the village of Studen Izvor [bg] (lit. "Cold Spring"), Tran Municipality [bg], Pernik Province, Bulgaria. He completed his secondary education in natural sciences in Montpellier, France and medical science in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1905, at the age of 27, Grigorov made the discovery for which he is best known. In the microbiological laboratory of Professor Léon Massol in Geneva, he discovered that a certain strain of bacillus is the basis of yogurt. In recognition the strain was called by the scientific community Lactobacillus bulgaricus.
In the 1950s, the state-owned yogurt company patented and promoted a specific blend of bacterial strains to create an "official Bulgarian yoghurt". This blend continues to be exported to yogurt producers in many countries.
Apart from the discovery of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Grigorov contributed to the creation of a tuberculosis treatment in 1906, along with Albert Calmette. This used Penicillium mold for the treatment of tuberculosis. Through his scientific experiments in-vitro and in-vivo on lab animals and later on human patients, Grigorov demonstrated the healing effect of Penicillium fungi in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Grigorov died on 27 October 1945, his 67th birthday.

## Legacy

Grigorov Glacier on Brabant Island in Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica is named after Stamen Grigorov.
On 27 October 2020, Stamen was honoured by Google as the Google Doodle of the day.
# Jean Hall Lloyd-Jones

Jean Hall Lloyd-Jones (born October 14, 1929) is an American activist and politician.
Born in Washington, D.C., Lloyd-Jones went to the University of New Mexico. She received her bachelor's degree from Northwestern University and her master's degree from University of Iowa. She was involved with the Iowa Peace Institute and the Iowa League of Women Voters. Lloyd-Jones served as a Democrat, from Iowa City, Iowa, in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1979 to 1987 and then in the Iowa Senate from 1987 to 1995.
Lloyd-Jones ran for U.S. Senate in 1992 during the "Year of the Woman," but lost to incumbent Chuck Grassley.
# Samuel J. Foley (district attorney)

Samuel J. Foley (1891 – May 14, 1951) was the Bronx County District Attorney from 1933 to 1949, and a Bronx County Court judge from 1949 until his death.

## Early life

Foley was born on the Lower East Side in Manhattan. His father, also named Samuel J. Foley, was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1891 to 1895 and the New York State Senate from 1896 to 1906. The younger Foley graduated from Manual Training High School in Brooklyn, and later graduated from Georgetown University Law School in 1914, where he was also quarterback of the football team and captain of the basketball team. He served in Europe during World War I and was discharged as a captain.

## Professional career

In 1924, Foley was named an assistant district attorney in the Bronx by District Attorney Edward J. Glennon, and participated in the extradition of Bruno Hauptmann in the Lindbergh baby kidnapping case. When Charles B. McLaughlin, who succeeded Glennon, resigned as Bronx County District Attorney to become a New York State Supreme Court justice in March 1933, New York Governor Herbert H. Lehman appointed Foley as the replacement. In his first election to the district attorney office in November 1933, Foley ran on the Democratic and Recovery Party lines, although he had previously been a Democrat. He won the election easily, and was subsequently re-elected three more times. In 1945, he was president of the District Attorneys Association of New York State.
In a deal that was made in 1948 to create a fourth judgeship position on the Bronx County bench the following year, Judge Samuel Joseph, a Republican who was up for re-election for his judge position, obtained the endorsement of both the Republican and Democratic parties in the Bronx, with the understanding that in the following year, the Democratic nominee would also get the Republican nomination. That nominee was Foley. He won the election handily, and took office on December 23, 1949.

## Death

Foley died of an unspecified brief stomach ailment in Union Hospital in the Bronx on May 14, 1951, and was survived by his wife Grace née McLaughlin; three children, Samuel J. Jr., Margaret Florence, and Michael; and a sister, Mrs. Margaret Hughes. On the day of his funeral, an estimated 10,000 people lined the streets from his home at 2201 Andrews Avenue to Holy Spirit Roman Catholic Church at 1940 University Avenue, where the funeral was held. He is buried at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Valhalla, New York.
# Miahuatlán Zapotec

Miahuatlán Zapotec, also known as Cuixtla Zapotec, is a Zapotec language spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico.
# Menghu Islet

24°23′50.8″N 118°11′33.48″E﻿ / ﻿24.397444°N 118.1926333°E﻿ / 24.397444; 118.1926333
Menghu Islet (Chinese: 猛虎嶼; pinyin: Měnghǔ Yǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bíng-hóo-sū) (Tiger Island) is an islet located southwest of Lesser Kinmen (Lieyu) in Lieyu Township, Kinmen County (Quemoy), Fujian Province, Republic of China (Taiwan). The islet was originally named Hu-tzu Hsü (Hu-tzu Hsu) (虎仔嶼$^{:37}$).

## History

In 1965, the island was given its present name.$^{:37}$
In 2006, a Chinese fishing ship carrying 198 Chinese box turtles for illicit sale in Fujian was caught in the waters adjacent to Menghu Islet.
On November 3, 2017, a fishing ship with five crew members from Longhai City, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China was caught in the waters adjacent to Menghu Islet.
On July 23, 2019, Ho Cheng (賀政), the new leader of the ROC Army Kinmen Defense Command (陸軍金門防衛指揮部), visited the soldiers on Shi Islet and Menghu Islet.
After 10 PM on August 14, 2019, two members of the Kinmen branch of the Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan) were severely injured when they jumped from their ship onto a fishing ship from Mainland China which had been caught fishing in the waters around Menghu Islet.

## Geography

Menghu Islet is 3.7 km (2.3 mi) southwest of Lesser Kinmen (Lieyu).