OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Domènec Ruiz Devesa

Domènec Ruiz Devesa (born 1978) is a Spanish politician of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2019 until 2024.

## Political career

Ruiz Devesa started his political career as a economic policy advisor to Jonás Fernández Álvarez, a member of the European Parliament since 2014. Together they co-edited a book on Charlemagne and the European Union.
In 2019, Ruiz Devesa was elected as an MEP, and worked in the Committee on Culture and Education and the Committee on Constitutional Affairs. In 2021 he was appointed as a member of the Parliament's delegation to the Conference on the Future of Europe. In 2022, he was the parliament's rapporteur on a proposal for an overhaul of European election rules that would give all EU citizens aged 18 and older a greater role in choosing the Commission president, allow them to vote for pan-European MEPs and choose postal voting.
In addition to his committee assignments, Ruiz Devesa is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights, the European Parliament Intergroup on Trade Unions and the Spinelli Group. Ruiz Devesa suggested that the European Central Bank could consider helicopter money.
# June Gonsalves

Dame June Gonsalves (c.1927-2018), DSG, was a radio broadcaster in Trinidad and Tobago for many years. She was an announcer on Radio Trinidad, where she started in 1956 and was programme director there from 1964 to 1970. Prior to joining the staff at Radio Trinidad, she hosted the 'Catholic Forum of the Air', a Catholic religious programme, on Sunday afternoons at 12.45. It was while doing that programme that she came to the attention of the Radio Trinidad management.
She died at her home in Anderson Terrace, Maraval, at 6.45 p.m. on Friday, 10 August 2018, aged 91, after battling Alzheimer's disease for the previous seven years.
She was the widow of national football goalkeeper Joey Gonsalves who died on 30 September 2010. They were married for more than 60 years.
Gonsalves was the first female programme director of a radio station in Trinidad and the West Indies. She moved on to Trinidad and Tobago Television as a TV newscaster in the early 1970s. She also worked as the secretary to the late Roman Catholic archbishop of Port-of-Spain, Anthony Pantin, until his death in 2000.
In 2000, she became the first woman in Trinidad and Tobago to be named a Dame Commander of the Order of St Gregory the Great in the Roman Catholic Church.
# Augustine Kwame Adu

Augustine Kwame Adu also known as Augustine Kwame Adu Amankwah was a Ghanaian academic, politician, diplomat and lawyer. He taught in various schools earlier in his career. He served as the Regional Chief Executive of the Eastern Region (Regional minister) and Ghana's ambassador to Mexico. He ventured into law later in his career.

## Early life

Adu was born on 14 August 1926 at Koforidua, New Juaben in the Eastern Region. He had his early education from 1935 to 1943. In August 1944 he entered St. Augustine's College. He received his certificate in 1948. He studied English for his bachelors at the University College of Gold Coast in 1952, he later studied philosophy and Latin in the same university in 1956. He proceeded to the University of Nottingham on a British Council Scholarship. There he obtained his diploma in English studies in 1960. In 1972 he received an LLB (London) and was called to the English bar in July 1972.

## Career
### Academic

He first taught at Mount Mary College of Education after his secondary education from 1948 to 1950. He later joined the St. Thomas Aquinas Senior High School staff from 1950 to 1952. He returned to Mount Mary College of Education in 1958 and rose through the ranks to become the school's vice principal. In 1963 he became the headmaster of Opoku Ware School.

### Politics

In 1969 shortly after Ghana had become a republic he was appointed as Regional Chief Executive of the Eastern Region (Eastern Regional Minister) in the Busia government.

### Diplomatic appointment

After a year of serving as Regional Chief Executive of the Eastern Region he was appointed Ghana's ambassador to Mexico. He served in this capacity until 1972 when the Busia government was overthrown by the SMC.

## Later years

He left for London after the SMC coup d'état. He was called to the Ghanaian bar in October 1973. He was Supreme Knight of the Nobel order of the Knights of Marshall from 1994-1996.

## Personal life

He is the father of trade unionist Kwasi Adu Amankwah.
# Chukka boot

Chukka boots (/ˈtʃʌkə/) are ankle-high leather boots with suede or leather uppers, leather, wooden or rubber soles, and open lacing, with two or three pairs of eyelets. The name chukka possibly comes from the game of polo, where a chukka is a period of play.
Generally, "chukka boot" refers to a form of desert boots originally worn by British soldiers in the Western Desert Campaign of World War II.

## Materials and style

Chukkas are usually made from calfskin or suede, although they can be made from other materials. The style first became popular in the late 1940s through the 1960s as casual wear. In the 21st century, chukkas persist as a popular menswear shoe, particularly in the United Kingdom. They can be worn with both suits and more casual wear like jeans.
According to shoe historian June Swann, the essential chukka boot is ankle-high, open-laced, and unlined, with two to four pairs of eyelets, thin leather soles, calfskin suede uppers in two parts (each from a single piece of leather; quarters sewn on top of vamp), and rounded toes.

## Desert boot

A desert boot is a chukka boot with crepe rubber soles and, typically, suede uppers. Desert boots were popularized in the 1950s by UK shoe company C. & J. Clark.
Desert boots were officially introduced to the world with the debut of the Clarks' Desert Boot at the 1949 Chicago Shoe Fair. After feature coverage in Esquire magazine, their popularity took off. According to Clarks, inspiration came from "the crepe-soled, rough suede boots made in Cairo's Khan el-Khalili bazaar for British Eighth Army officers."
These boots were based on the South African veldskoen which became a popular footwear item in Southern Africa due to their robust and simple design. Often being bought by soldiers for use in the various bush wars of the region, they have become popular across the world as "desert boots".
   The year was 1941, and the soldier, well he wasn't just any infantryman, he was Nathan Clark, and he'd been sent to war with two missions. First and foremost to protect his country, and, secondly, to discover some new shoe designs for his family's company. As a member of the Eighth Army, Clark had been deployed to Burma, and it was here that he noticed that the officers in his formation were wearing these strange, sand colored chukkas during their downtime. Clark investigated the shoes and learned that they had originally been commissioned to Cairo cobblers by South African soldiers whose old-military issue boots had failed them out on the desert terrain. They wanted something that was both lightweight and grippy which led to creation of a boot with a suede upper on a crepe sole.
# Ghulail

Ghulail is a neighborhood located south of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Laws are poorly enforced in Ghulail. It is widely considered to be one of the most dangerous places in Jeddah, where corruption and crimes are extremely rife and current In the past. Now the area has many African expatriates illegally in Saudi Arabia. Many of them, who have advanced degrees, work as car washers; hence Ghulail is known as a "Car Washers' Area. In spite of that a lot of educated people live in Ghulail trying to fix and improve the wrong concepts about Ghulail as a crimes area "
Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies is located in Ghulail.
# James Walker of Richmondhill

James Walker of Richmondhill (28 August 1837 – 13 July 1921) was a Scottish businessman who served as Lord Provost of Aberdeen.

## Life

Walker was born at Tomachallich a hill farm in the parish of Aboyne on 28 August 1837.
He entered Aberdeen town Council in 1870. He was elected Lord Provost in 1902 and at that time was living at 87 Crown Street in Aberdeen. He was succeeded by Sir Alexander Lyon in 1905.
Walker died at Richmondhill House on 13 July 1921, at the age of 83.

## Artistic recognition

Walker was portrayed by Sir George Reid in 1907, his council colleagues presenting him with the picture as a mark of their respect.
# Atethmia centrago

Atethmia centrago, the centre-barred sallow, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1809. It is found in Europe except Scandinavia and Italy; also in Asia Minor, Armenia, Syria and Palestine.

## Description

The wingspan is 32–36 mm. Forewing deep yellow, with a greyish purple central fascia, terminal area beyond submarginal line of the same colour; the central fascia is edged inwardly by a pale vertical inner line, and outwardly by an obliquely sinuous outer line; the fascia does not reach above the middle except beyond the reniform stigma which is similarly coloured; fringe greyish purple; a small dark spot shows at base of cell; hindwing dull white, becoming yellowish rufous towards termen; the whole forewing is sometimes suffused with purplish, only the two lines showing yellowish and the central fascia darker; the hindwing redder; this is ab. unicolor Stgr.; — pallida Stgr. from Asia Minor is a paler form, reddish or greyish ochreous in the forewing, with the hindwing whiter; — maculifera Stgr. from Syria and Palestine is also a paler but yellowish form, with the reniform stigma large and dark, and the outer pale line more strongly excurved above; the hindwing greyish yellow; the forewing shorter with less produced apex. The larva is brownish, inclining to greyish above and to greenish grey beneath, freckled with darker brown. Of the three whitish lines along the back, the central one is widest, but this is only really distinct on the middle part of each ring. The lines are margined with black, the edging of the central one irregular, but of the others more complete. The spiracles are whitish, and the area above them is dark grey-brown enclosing paler spaces on each segment. The head is shining grey-brown freckled with blackish.
The moth flies in one generation in from August to early October .
The caterpillars mainly feed on ash.
# P. Chockalingam

P. Chockalingam was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Independent candidate from Ambasamudram constituency in 1952 election.
# Pornography in Albania

Pornography in Albania is not restricted. It is only illegal for producing, delivering, advertising, importing, selling and publishing pornographic material under the age of 18. Child pornography is prohibited, but Albania has failed to adopt laws against the publishing, manufacturing, accessing, dissemination and the expansion of child pornography. Internet pornography is legal.

## Legality

Article 117 of Albania's Criminal Code states that people who distribute and/or publish child pornography can be fined or sent to jail for two years.
The government has been taking measures in protecting children from sex exploitation.

## Demographics

About 40% of the Albanian population are below the age of 25, and approximately 750,000 children are under 14 years of age. Children are vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation due to lack of awareness and education, minority discrimination, reoccurring domestic violence and child marriage practices, and the position of women in Albania. being subordinate to men. Child trafficking is a concern; children, especially girls, are trafficked.
Young children can easily access pornography online, and parental control apps are limited in Albania. Nearly half of children watch porn daily, with Facebook being one of the most common websites for children to view porn.

## Types of publication

Child pornography is usually accessed through mobile phones, and distribution of pornographic materials is usually via Bluetooth. Internet usage has been increasingly common, but Albania has been behind in promoting awareness of child internet safety and only recently the education system is now promoting awareness and giving information on internet safety in schools.
# Orthochromasia

In chemistry, orthochromasia is the property of a dye or stain to not change color on binding to a target, as opposed to metachromatic stains, which do change color. The word is derived from the Greek orthos (correct, upright), and chromatic (color). Toluidine blue is an example of a partially orthochromatic dye, as it stains nucleic acids by its orthochromatic color (blue), but stains mast cell granules in its metachromatic color (red).
In spectral terms, orthochromasia refers to maintaining the position of spectral peaks, while metachromasia refers to a shift in wavelength, becoming either shorter or longer.
In photography, an orthochromatic light spectrum is one devoid of red light.

## Orthochromatic photography

Orthochromatic photography refers to a photographic emulsion that is sensitive to blue and green light but not red light. This type of emulsion was a significant advancement in early photography, as it allowed for the production of images with more accurate tonal reproduction than the earlier emulsions that were sensitive only to blue (and ultraviolet) light, e.g., the wet plate collodion emulsions.
The development of orthochromatic films can be traced back to the work of Hermann Wilhelm Vogel in 1873.$^{:20}$ Vogel experimented with adding small amounts of certain aniline-based dyes to photographic emulsions to extend their sensitivity beyond blue light. This breakthrough allowed for the production of emulsions that could capture a broader spectrum of colors and tones including Josef Maria Eder, who introduced the use of the red dye erythrosine in 1884.
In addition to their use in still photography, orthochromatic films also played a significant role in the early days of motion pictures. The improved tonal range provided by orthochromatic emulsions allowed filmmakers to create more visually compelling and realistic moving images.
Because orthochromatic emulsions are not sensitive to red light, they can be processed with a red safelight.

### Relative to panchromasia

Most modern black-and-white films are panchromatic, which add sensitivity to red light, unlike orthochromatic emulsions, which are sensitive to only blue and green. Panchromatic films have a reduced sensitivity to blue light, compared to orthochromatic films.$^{:22}$
The increased blue sensitivity of orthochromatic photography causes blue objects to appear lighter, and red ones darker than panchromatic emulsions. A cyan photographic filter, which blocks red light but allows blue and green to pass, can be used with standard panchromatic film to produce a similar effect. This technique allowed photographers to manipulate the tonal range of their images without relying on specialized orthochromatic films.
Despite the advancements in photographic technology that have occurred since the introduction of orthochromatic films, they continue to be appreciated by some photographers for their unique tonal qualities and artistic potential.
# Hegemone (moon)

Hegemone /həˈdʒɛməniː/, also known as Jupiter XXXIX, is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003, and given the temporary designation S/2003 J 8.
Hegemone is about 3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,703,000 km in 745.500 days, at an inclination of 153° to the ecliptic (151° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.4077.
It was named in March 2005 after Hegemone, one of the Graces, and a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter).
Hegemone belongs to the Pasiphae group, irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22.8 and 24.1 Gm, and with inclinations ranging between 144.5° and 158.3°.
# Girls in our Town

"Girls in Our Town" is a song about the life of young women in Newcastle, Australia, written by Bob Hudson. He released it on his live album, The Newcastle Song (see the title track, "The Newcastle Song") in 1974.
In 1976, country music artist, Margret Roadknight covered the song and it reached the top 40 on the Kent Music Report singles chart. It also appeared on her third album, Margret Roadknight, in October of that year.
According to Rachel Lucas of Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Open the track, "painted a cruel trajectory for teenage girls living in country towns; teenage school drop outs, lonely cashiers and factory workers, with nothing to keep them entertained but vanity and promiscuity." It was subsequently performed by Judy Small.
From October 1993 RoadKnight was a member of an a cappella quartet, Girls in Your Town, with Jarnie Birmingham, Mara Kiek, and Moya Simpson.
# John Henslow

John Henslow may refer to:
* Sir John Henslow (Surveyor of the Navy) (1730–1815), a naval architect
* John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861), botanist and Charles Darwin's mentor
# Nosrat

Nosrat (Persian: نصرت, also Romanized as Noşrat) is a village in Dehqanan Rural District, in the Central District of Kharameh County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 141, in 34 families.
# Yvonne Bonner

Yvonne Bonner (born 14 April 1987) is a Gaelic football and Australian rules football player. She currently plays for Adelaide in the AFL Women's, and has previously played for Greater Western Sydney.
Bonner played her first ladies' Gaelic football match in 2002. She plays for the Donegal county team. Bonner was recruited to play for the Greater Western Sydney Giants AFLW team in 2018. Bonner played her first AFLW game on 3 February 2019.
She spent the 2021 season on the inactive list due to travel and residency complications related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and did not return for the 2022 seasons.
She returned in 2023 with Adelaide after they picked in the supplementary draft.
# Ephraim R. Eckley

Ephraim Ralph Eckley (December 9, 1811 – March 27, 1908) was an American Civil War veteran and three-term U.S. Representative from Ohio, serving from 1863 to 1869.

## Early life

Eckley was born near Mount Pleasant, Jefferson County, Ohio, but moved with his parents to Hayesville, Ohio, in 1816.
He attended the common schools and was graduated from Vermillion Institute, Hayesville, Ohio. He moved to Carrollton, Ohio, in 1833 and taught school.
He studied law under William Johnston and was admitted to the bar in 1836; he commenced practice in Carrollton.
He served as member of the State senate 1843-1846, 1849, and 1850 but was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Ohio in 1851. He also served in the State house of representatives 1853-1855 but was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1853 to the United States Senate.
He served as delegate to the first Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1856.

## Civil War

During the Civil War, Eckley served in the Union Army as the colonel of the 26th Ohio Infantry, and later of the 80th Ohio Infantry.

## Postbellum

Eckley was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Congresses (March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1869) but was not a candidate for renomination in 1868.
He resumed the practice of law in Carrollton, Ohio. He died March 27, 1908, in Carrollton, Ohio, and was interred in Grand View Cemetery.
He married Martha L. Brown and had five children, including Harvey J. His son Harvey was an Ohio state senator and judge.
# Macchiagodena

Macchiagodena (Italian pronunciation:) is a town and comune in the province of Isernia, located high in the Apennine mountains in the region of Molise, southern Italy.

## History

The present name of the city appeared for the first time in a document of the year 964 CE as Maccia de Godena. It was a garrison post between the Lombard countdoms of Isernia and Boiano, and later a sighting post along the Pescasseroli-Candela tratturo (shepherds' track). A great number of feudal lords came one after the other to take control of the castle (due to the high vantage point overlooking the valley), including the Pandoni and the Mormile.
Many of the early to mid 20th Century inhabitants emigrated to numerous countries, including Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada and USA.

## Main sights

The Castle of Macchiagodena, with a polygonal plant, was constructed on one limestone cliff spur. Of the castle today, only the basements of the old wall and two towers remain. The Castello (Castle) was put up for sale and was purchased in November 2009 by the Regione of Molise. The Regione decided to purchase the castle for its preservation for public use and part of it may be used as a regional historical museum. Also noteworthy is the Church of Santa Maria Assunta, with a statue made by Francesco Saverio Citarelli from Naples, and a precious processional cross.

## Culture

Every year during the 3rd Sunday in May a fine large fair is held to celebrate the feast day of San Nicola, the patron saint of the town.
A peculiar tradition is still maintained by some of the population: known as rapimento ("kidnapping"), it consists in the kidnapping of the future bride some time before the wedding is celebrated. Another tradition is a local dance called "tuzacula".
# Riznykivka

Riznykivka (Ukrainian: Різниківка) is a village located in Bakhmut Raion of Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. Administratively, it is part of Siversk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

## History

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the population of the village fell as numerous families and all remaining children in the village fled or were evacuated.