OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sloterdijk, Amsterdam

Sloterdijk (Dutch:) was a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It now is a part of the municipality of Amsterdam, and lies about 3 km northwest of the city centre. Since 2010 Sloterdijk has formed part of the stadsdeel of Amsterdam-West.
Nearby is the site of Amsterdam Sloterdijk railway station.

## Early history

To protect the area around Sloten from the as-yet undrained IJ the Spaarndammerdijk was laid along the south bank of this inlet. In this vicinity at the same time, a dam on the Slochter (or Slooter) river was built, the Slooterdam. Trade grew in the vicinity, and in 1465 a weigh house (or waag) was established. A church was built in about 1479; however, it was destroyed in 1573 by the Geuzen, a group of nobles rebelling against Spanish control of Holland, following the siege of Haarlem. In the 17th century the Petruskerk (St. Peter’s Church) was built, which stands to this day.

## Rail and tram lines

The construction of the Haarlemmertrekvaart in 1631 brought new prosperity to the village, and a toll was placed along the towpath.
Industry grew around Sloterdijk in the 19th century. On 20 September 1839, the first train to operate in The Netherlands traveled from Sloterdijk to Haarlem. The new rail line between Amsterdam and Haarlem ran parallel to the Haarlemmertrekvaart, but for half a century the line passed through without stopping.
From 1882, steam-powered tram, and later horse-drawn trams ran to Amsterdam along the Haarlemmerweg. This was the last horse-tram in Amsterdam, and it was electrified in 1916. An electric tram from Amsterdam to Haarlem and Zandvoort ran from 1904 to 1957.

## New stations and new growth

The construction of the new Sloterdijk railway station in 1956 should have meant the end of the village. Earlier, in 1860, much of the town was destroyed in a great fire, but had been rebuilt. The construction of the Coentunnel and a new business district almost led to the destruction of the entire village, but the Petruskerk and a few houses were spared in order to preserve the town’s history.
The 1956 station was moved to the northwest in 1985, along a new rail spur to Zaandam that had opened in 1983.Tram service also moved to the new station in 1985. The station was expanded to two levels in 1986 when the Schiphol line was opened, and in 1997 the Amsterdam Metro came to Sloterdijk.
On 21 April 2012, more than 100 passengers were injured when two trains collided head-on in Sloterdijk. Among those hurt, 56 suffered severe injuries and 13 were in a critical condition.
Since the 1960s, three new business areas have been laid out in the vicinity of the old village. When Amsterdam was divided into boroughs, Sloterdijk became part of the new borough of Bos en Lommer. The business districts fell under the jurisdiction of Westpoort. In 2010 Sloterdijk became part of the new stadsdeel of Amsterdam-West.
# Aydin Mammadov (politician)

Aydin Yusif oğlu Mammadov (Azerbaijani: Aydın Yusif oğlu Məmmədov; 15 February 1932 – 1 November 2022) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani politician. A member of the Communist Party, he served on the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic from 1971 to 1990.
# P protein

P protein, also known as melanocyte-specific transporter protein or pink-eyed dilution protein homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the oculocutaneous albinism II (OCA2) gene. The P protein is believed to be an integral membrane protein involved in small molecule transport, specifically of tyrosine—a precursor of melanin. Certain mutations in OCA2 result in type 2 oculocutaneous albinism. OCA2 encodes the human homologue of the mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) gene.
The human OCA2 gene is located on the long arm (q) of chromosome 15, specifically from base pair 28,000,020 to base pair 28,344,457 on chromosome 15.

## Function

OCA2 provides instructions for making the protein called P protein which is located in melanocytes which are specialized cells that produce melanin, and in the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium. Melanin is responsible for giving color to the skin, hair, and eyes. Moreover, melanin is found in the light-sensitive tissue of the retina of the eye which plays a role in normal vision.
The exact function of protein P is unknown, but it has been found that it is essential for the normal coloring of skin, eyes, and hair; and likely involved in melanin production. This gene seems to be the main determinant of eye color depending on the amount of melanin production in the iris stroma (large amounts giving rise to brown eyes; little to no melanin giving rise to blue eyes).
This gene is mutated in Astyanax mexicanus, a Mexican fish which is characterized by a chronic albinism in cave-dwelling individuals. It exists as a deletion in fish from the Pachón and Molino caves, which produces albinism.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the OCA2 gene cause a disruption in the normal production of melanin; therefore, causing vision problems and reductions in hair, skin, and eye color. Oculocutaneous albinism caused by mutations in the OCA2 gene is called oculocutaneous albinism type 2. The prevalence of OCA type 2 is estimated at 1/38,000-1/40,000 in most populations throughout the world, with a higher prevalence in the African population of 1/3,900–1/1,500. Other diseases associated with the deletion of the OCA2 gene are Angelman syndrome (light-colored hair and fair skin) and Prader–Willi syndrome (unusually light-colored hair and fair skin). With both these syndromes, the deletion often occurs in individuals with either syndrome.
A mutation in the HERC2 gene adjacent to OCA2, affecting OCA2's expression in the human iris, is found common to nearly all people with blue eyes. It has been hypothesized that all blue-eyed humans share a single common ancestor with whom the mutation originated.
The His615Arg allele of OCA2 is involved in the light skin tone and the derived allele is restricted to East Asia with high frequencies, with highest frequencies in Eastern East Asia (49-63%), midrange frequencies in Southeast Asia, and the lowest frequencies in Western China and some Eastern European populations.
# John Kringen

John Kringen was named Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), effective February 2005. In 2008, he joined the United States European Command at the Stuttgart-Vaihingen base.
Prior to becoming DDI, he was the Director of the DCI's Crime and Narcotics Center (CNC). He began his career with the CIA in 1978 as an analyst in the Directorate of Intelligence. During his career he has had responsibilities for managing intelligence programs in a wide variety of areas—ranging from tracking the international arms trade to monitoring political, economic, and military developments in much of the developing world. From March 1998-July 2000 he served as Director of the Office of Imagery Analysis with the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (now the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency). He has also served overseas.
Prior to government service, he taught at the University of Maryland and received his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Minnesota.
# Phytomyza angelicae

Phytomyza angelicae is a species of fly in the family Agromyzidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States, Europe.
# UEFA Women's Euro 2013 qualifying Group 6

The UEFA Women's Euro 2013 qualifying – Group 6 was contested by five teams competing for one automatic spot in the final tournament. The numbers 2 from all the groups were ranked with the best also automatically qualifying. While the others entered play-offs. Netherlands ranked top of the numbers 2 and also qualified for the final tournament straight out of the group.

## Standings

* Team qualified for UEFA Women's Euro 2013
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| England | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 2 | +20 | 20 |
| Netherlands | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 2 | +18 | 19 |
| Serbia | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 18 | −3 | 13 |
| Slovenia | 8 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 21 | −15 | 4 |
| Croatia | 8 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 26 | −20 | 1 |

## Fixtures

All times are UTC+2.

## Goalscorers
### 8 goals

* Manon Melis

### 4 goals

* Danka Podovac

### 3 goals

* Steph Houghton
* Jill Scott
* Ellen White
* Rachel Williams
* Rachel Yankey
* Kirsten van de Ven
* Marija Radojičić
* Vesna Smiljković

### 2 goals

* Katarina Kolar
* Jessica Clarke
* Chantal de Ridder
* Jovana Sretenović

### 1 goal

* Petra Glavać
* Dušanka Juko
* Izabela Lojna
* Martina Šalek
* Eniola Aluko
* Karen Carney
* Casey Stoney
* Rachel Unitt
* Maayke Heuver
* Anouk Hoogendijk
* Lieke Martens
* Sylvia Smit
* Sherida Spitse
* Daniëlle van de Donk
* Mandy van den Berg
* Marina Nešić
* Milena Pešić
* Violeta Slović
* Kaja Eržen
* Tanja Vrabel
* Urška Žganec
* Mateja Zver

### 1 own goal

* Allison Scurich (playing against Slovenia)
* Violeta Slović (playing against England)
* Lidija Stojkanović (playing against Slovenia)
# Sneha (TV series)

Sneha is an Indian Telugu-language television series that premiered on ETV on 29 August 1995. Directed by Vamsy and written by Suman, the series was produced by Ramoji Rao under the Usha Kiran Movies banner. Starring Kaveri in the title role, the show is an investigative drama featuring a strong and intelligent female protagonist.
One of the first programs to air on ETV after its launch, Sneha originally broadcast on Tuesdays at 8:00 PM before moving to different time slots. The series consisted of approximately 200 episodes, with the initial 120 focusing on standalone investigative stories. The final 80 episodes shifted to mystery-based themes under the Atma Kathalu story arc, which aired concurrently with the popular series Marmadesam on Gemini TV.

## Premise

The story follows Sneha, an independent and resourceful woman who navigates the complexities of balancing professional responsibilities with family challenges. Her struggles and problem-solving abilities highlight her determination and resilience, making her a symbol of empowerment in her neighbourhood.

## Cast

* Kaveri as Sneha
* Gundu Hanmantha Rao
* Sakshi Ranga Rao
* Rallapalli
* Kallu Chidambaram
* Raghu Babu
* Edida Sriram
* Raavi Kondala Rao
* Subbaraya Sarma
* Suthi Velu
* Chinna
* Uttej
* Ramjagan
* Devadas Kanakala

## Production

Sneha was produced by Ramoji Rao under the Usha Kiran Movies banner, with the script penned by his son, Suman. Renowned filmmaker Vamsy initially directed the series, but after his departure, other directors took over the project. The series was among the first to air on ETV following the channel's launch in August 1995.

## Themes

The serial highlighted societal issues such as the importance of financial prudence, humanity, and gender equality. Its focus on a strong, intelligent female protagonist was considered pioneering in Telugu television and contributed to discussions about women's empowerment in popular media.

## Music

The title song, "Sneha... Sneha... Sneha... Chikku Mudulenno Chakkaga Vippe Okanoka Vanitha," written by Suman, gained popularity among viewers for its composition.

## Release

Sneha premiered on 29 August 1995 and aired approximately 200 episodes. Initially broadcast on Tuesdays at 8:00 PM, its time slot was later shifted to Tuesdays at 8:30 PM, and eventually to Mondays at 8:30 PM.
The first 120 episodes explored diverse topics such as palm-leaf manuscripts, gotras of prominent individuals, felicitation ceremonies, ghostwriters, beauty parlours, and fraudulent film producers. The final 80 episodes centered on the Atma Kathalu story arc, which competed with the popular series Marmadesam, airing concurrently on Gemini TV.

## Reception

Sneha received praise for its engaging narrative and innovative storytelling. Kaveri's performance as the lead character was particularly well-received. The serial is remembered for its emphasis on equality and women's empowerment, securing its place as a significant show in early Telugu television history.
The stories featured in the series were later compiled and published in book format, reflecting the show's popularity.
# Karen Walker (designer)

Karen Elizabeth Walker CNZM (born December 1969) is a noted New Zealand fashion designer.

## Private life

Walker was born in December 1969. She grew up in the Auckland suburb of Remuera and attended Epsom Girls' Grammar School. Aged 21, she married Mikhail Gherman.

## Career

Walker began her fashion label in 1987, and opened her first store in Newmarket, Auckland, in 1995. She began selling to Barneys New York in 1998, the same year she showed her first runway collection. In late 2011, she signed a partnership with United States-based retail chain Anthropologie.
She has designed clothes worn by Björk, Sienna Miller, Natalie Portman, M.I.A., Alexa Chung, Beth Ditto, Michael Haneke, Liv Tyler, Rihanna, Claire Danes, Zooey Deschanel and Jennifer Lopez. She designed clothes worn by Kate Winslet in the Michel Gondry film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.
In the 2004 New Year Honours, Walker was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the fashion industry. She was promoted to Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to fashion design, in the 2014 New Year Honours. In 2009 Walker received a World Class New Zealand Award in the Creative category.
Walker is also an expert on colour for interiors and has partnered with Resene to produce her own line of paint colours.
Walker was appointed to the board of Creative New Zealand in December 2024.
# Samuel Dana (clergyman)

Samuel Dana (born in Cambridge, Massachusetts [now Brighton], 14 January 1739; died in Amherst, New Hampshire, 1 April 1798) was an American clergyman, judge and politician.

## Biography

He graduated from Harvard in 1755, having among his classmates John Adams and Tristram Dalton. He then studied theology. In 1761 the town of Groton, Massachusetts, invited him to become their minister "with a settlement of £200, a salary of £80, and firewood not to exceed thirty cords per annum." He accepted this call, and was installed on 3 June as successor to Caleb Trowbridge.
During the troubles that preceded the Revolutionary War, believing that resistance would lead to greater evils than were then endured, he used his influence on the side of non-resistance. This course gave great offence to his parishioners, who prevented him from entering the meetinghouse, although the Whig committee of Groton published a card to the effect that Dana had fully atoned for his offences. The good will of his people had become alienated, and his dismissal soon followed. He continued to reside in Groton, where he cultivated a small farm, and in 1780 preached to a separate society.
On the death of John Bulkeley, he became executor of his will, and, moving the extensive law library to his own residence, he studied for that profession. Subsequently he was admitted to the bar and practised in Amherst, New Hampshire, where in 1787 he was made judge of probate for Hillsborough County, and in 1793 was member of the New Hampshire State Senate.

## Family

He was the father of Samuel Dana, the Massachusetts politician, who became a member of Congress.
# Bussey Institution

The Bussey Institute (1883–1936) was a respected biological institute at Harvard University. It was named for Benjamin Bussey, who, in 1835, endowed the establishment of an undergraduate school of agriculture and horticulture and donated land in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts that became the Arnold Arboretum. Bussey, a silversmith, had bought the land from the Weld family in 1806, and built a mansion in 1815. When he died, he left 300 acres (1.2 km$^2$) to Harvard. By 1871 the Bussey Institute had been built to a design by Peabody & Stearns.

## Notable alumni

James Drummond Dole obtained a bachelor in agriculture at the Bussey Institute before moving to Hawaii and developing pineapple production and the canning industry there. Alfred Kinsey, an American biologist who became famous for his work on human sexuality, studied at the Bussey Institute under famed entomologist William Morton Wheeler. Edward Murray East, a pioneer in plant genetics, also worked there when he studied Mendelian inheritance. The geneticist William E. Castle worked there from 1908 until it closed in 1936, first on the genetics of fruit flies and also on hooded rats, studying basic evolution.
# Sentience Institute

The Sentience Institute (SI) is an American interdisciplinary think tank that aims to expand humanity's moral circle. It was founded by Jacy Reese Anthis and Kelly Anthis in June 2017 and has published research reports on social movements, morality, animal advocacy and digital sentience.

## History

The Sentience Institute was founded on the principle of effective altruism, a philosophy and social movement that uses evidence and reasoning to determine the most effective ways to benefit others. The institute bills itself as, "an advocacy think tank researching and advising advocates on the most effective strategies to expand humanity's moral circle." Its founders, Kelly Witwicki and Jacy Reese Anthis, were working at Sentience Politics, which was part of the Effective Altruism Foundation. Sentience Politics is now a nonprofit organization running political initiatives in the German-speaking area. Anthis had also previously worked at Animal Charity Evaluators as chair of the board of directors and then as a full-time researcher.
Anthis and Witwicki were selected for Vice Media's 2017 "Humans of the Year" award. Reporter Matthew Gault described the institute's research agenda as "a huge endeavor." Kelly spoke of the need for evidence and research in the study of social movements: Witwicki and Anthis married in 2020.

## Research

Sentience Institute synthesizes some of its research into a Summary of Evidence for Foundational Questions in Effective Animal Advocacy, which catalogs evidence from a variety of sources with implications for animal advocacy movement strategy.
Since 2017, the institute has published several white papers including a study of the British antislavery movement, a study of the French nuclear power movement, and a study of genetically modified food.
The institute polled the views of American adults towards animal agriculture, most notably finding that 47% agreed with the statement, "I support a ban on slaughterhouses." It was replicated in January 2018 by a team of agricultural economists at Oklahoma State University who found the same result.
In November 2018, Anthis, writing under the pen-name "Jacy Reese", published The End of Animal Farming, which summarizes and builds on most of the institute's research and communicates it with the general public. Near the end of the book, Reese concludes that, "if I had to speculate, I would say by 2100 all forms of farming will seem outdated and barbaric." Reese criticizes the notion of humane meat.
In 2023, the Sentience Institute indicates that it is focusing most of its research on digital minds, writing that while concern around artificial sentience may seem farfetched, it should be taken seriously notably due to the potentially extremely large number of instances in the future.
# Widzino

Widzino (German: Veddin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kobylnica, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Kobylnica, 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Słupsk, and 109 km (68 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Tunis Business School

Tunis Business School is the first public English-language business school in Tunisia. It is based in El Mourouj in the Ben Arous Governorate. It follows the American business curriculum, and it is open to the holders of the baccalaureate in the branches of mathematics, experimental sciences, computer science and economics & management. The new institution will deliver Bachelor of Science degrees in Business Administration (B.Sc.B.A.) and Master of Science degrees. Tunis Business School opened on 4 October 2010. In the first phase, it will incorporate around 700 students, and later the number will increase to reach 7500 in the following years. The cost of establishing this business school is TND 15.4 million. It covers an area of 3 hectares, and includes an administration building, a restaurant, and library.

## Establishment

Officially established on 25 October 2010 (decree number 2755 of 25 October 2010), Tunis Business School is the first public business institution in Tunisia using English as the language of instruction and following an American approach to higher education.

## Curriculum

Students at TBS will be earning a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA). In order to receive the degree, students must earn a minimum of 125 acceptable semester credits. At different levels of the curriculum, the students have to make choices and shape their own profiles. The student should take about 46 courses, corresponding to 123 credits, consisting of 17 Business Core Requirements, 11 courses from the Business requirements for the Major, 5 courses of Business electives for the Minor, 7 courses of nonbusiness requirements, and 4 computer science courses.

## Specialties

From among Accounting, Business Analytics, Finance, Information Technology, International Business Economy, and Marketing, students must choose an area of emphasis as a Major and another area with less emphasis as a Minor. The Major consists of 30 semester credits beyond business core courses and a 3-credit Senior Project course. Besides, there are currently three master's degrees at Tunis Business School; a Master of Science in Business Analytics, a Professional Master in the Management of NGOs, and a Professional Master in Fintech.

## Enrolment

To enroll in the Bachelor of Science Business Administration program at Tunis Business School, Baccalaureate graduates need to sit for an entrance exam in English. In addition, prospective students need to demonstrate good knowledge of Mathematics.
# Json (rapper)

Jason Christopher Watson (born June 22, 1981), who goes by the stage name Json, is an American Christian hip hop musician. He was a member of Christian hip hop collective, 116 Clique.

## Early life

Json was born Jason Christopher Watson, in St. Louis, Missouri on June 22, 1981. When he was three years old his father died. His mother Barbara moved the family to Los Angeles, California, where she became a crack-cocaine addict and was arrested, separating herself from her son because she was forced to move back to St. Louis. Json would soon follow her back to the Midwest city, became a drug abuser, and was incarcerated.

## Personal life

Json married his longtime girlfriend Lawanda Nicole "Nikki" Watson (née, Childress), after they both stopped abusing drugs, and converted to Christianity. They reside with their children in Iowa City, Iowa. They are the co-directors of The Spot Outreach Ministry of Parkview Church.

## Music career

Json was a member in the Christian hip hop collective 116 Clique. He released The Seasoning in 2005, Life on Life in 2008, City Lights in 2010, Growing Pains in 2012, and Braille in 2013. The last three of those albums charted on various Billboard charts. The rapper planned to release his sixth studio album, No Filter, on March 10, 2015, through Lamp Mode Recordings.

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | US Chr | US Gos | US Rap |
| The Seasoning | Released: 2005 Label: Hid In Christ Ministries CD, digital download | — | — | — |
| Life on Life | Released: 2008 Label: Lamp Mode CD, digital download | — | — | — |
| City Lights | Released: July 20, 2010 Label: Lamp Mode CD, digital download | 46 | 11 | — |
| Growing Pains | Released: February 21, 2012 Label: Lamp Mode CD, digital download | 16 | 11 | 20 |
| Braille | Released: June 18, 2013 Label: Lamp Mode CD, digital download | 11 | 5 | 23 |
| No Filter | Released: March 10, 2015 Label: Lamp Mode CD, digital download | 17 | — | 24 |
| Foreign, Vol. 1 | Released: July 8, 2016 Label: Lamp Mode CD, digital download | 39 | — | — |