OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minuet WoO 10, No. 2 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's Minuet in G major, WoO 10, No. 2 is a composition originally written for orchestra, but was lost and only an arrangement for piano could be found. It has become very popular.

## Structure

The minuet is in incipient ternary form, A-A-B-A, a type of song form as differentiated from other, such as the binary song form in the format A-B, the ternary A-B-A, or the rondo, A-B-A-C-A or an alternate form but with the "A" theme repeating after each new theme in the sequence of themes. In terms of A-B-A sections, the three parts are:
* Moderato
* Trio
* Moderato
The Moderato section features a melody, marked legato (to play in a smooth, even style without noticeable breaks between the notes). Quarter notes occupy most of the left hand in this A section, which is made up of two periods. The first four-measure (a) phrase is in the tonic of G Major; the second four-measure (b) phrase modulates from the tonic to the dominant of D Major.
This period, the main theme of the piece, is repeated once. Next comes the second period which consists of a four-measure (c) phrase with a different melody and modulates back into the tonic for the final four-measures, which begins and ends in G Major. This phrase is a variation of (a) so as to stay in the tonic, so must be designated (a-1) to make this and other slight alterations clear. It is still very recognizable as the (a) thematic music.
The trio section features non-stop eighth notes in the right hand and, once again, quarter notes in the left hand. It starts with an eight-measure modulating passage repeated once and moves on to another eight-measure passage that ends in the tonic, and is also repeated once. This passage contains four harmonious measures that are followed by a varied reiteration of the theme in the trio part (which is played in the first eight-measure passage). The section, without going into as much detail as is shown above for the legato section (although this could be done) is thus in binary song form.
The last section, which is Moderato also, is a repeat of the first section, but without the repeat. It is that which makes the piece an incipient ternary song form: A-A-B-A.

## In popular culture

In The Music Man, the children of River City learn the Minuet in G via the "Think Method" taught by Professor Harold Hill. It was also the inspiration for the theme of the British sitcom Fawlty Towers. It appears in the Shirley Temple film The Littlest Rebel (1935). It is the opening-credits song of the 1937 short A Car-Tune Portrait. In the Columbo episode "A Bird in the Hand ..." (1992), an orchestral version of this minuet plays softly in the background during the Rolls-Royce dealership scene. The piece also appears in the Baby Einstein CD Baby Beethoven and in Juan María Solare's album Minute Minuets.
# Mongolian First League

The Mongolian First League (also known as the Khurkhree National First League for sponsorship reasons) is the second-highest division of Mongolian football leagues.

## Foundation

The Mongolia First League was founded in 2015 by the Mongolian Football Federation.
The league started with the name Khurkhree First League, including the reference to the sponsor in the name, and the first edition was made up of the Continental FC team.

## Stadium

Previously all First League matches were played at the MFF Football Centre. As of the 2022 season, some matches are now also played at the Khan-Uul Stadium.

## Champions

* 2015 – Continental FC
* 2016 – Goyo FC
* 2017 – Arvis FC
* 2018– Ulaanbaataryn Mazaalaynuud FC
* 2019 – Gepro FC
* 2020 – BCH Lions
* 2021 – Khovd FC
* 2021/22- Khoromkhon FC
* 2022/23- Erdenes Ilch FC
* 2023/24- Hunters FC
* 2024/25-
# Hans Diehl

Hans Diehl (1946 – 2 August 2023) was an American nutritionist and Seventh-day Adventist, best known for his advocacy of lifestyle medicine and whole food plant-based nutrition. He was the founder of the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP).

## Biography

Diehl was born in Germany. He credited his early interest in healthy lifestyle to the Seventh-day Adventist Church. He was inspired by the research of Denis Burkitt and Nathan Pritikin who he had met and worked with. Diehl was a research and education director at the Pritikin Longevity Center. He was concerned that Pritikin's program was only available for those who could afford it so in 1988 he founded the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP), a comprehensive lifestyle intervention that advocates a whole-food plant-based diet and incorporates the importance of exercise, kindness and sleep. The CHIP program emphasizes a diet low in cholesterol, fat, oil, processed sugar and salt. It is abundant in fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains with limited nuts and seeds. Diehl stated that CHIP is not "ideologically structured as a vegetarian or vegan program" but based on lifestyle changes. CHIP was later renamed Pivio Health.
Diehl obtained a Master of Public Health and Doctor of Health Science from Loma Linda University in 1975. He was a professor of preventative medicine at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. Diehl established the Lifestyle Medicine Institute in Loma Linda, California which enhanced knowledge of the role lifestyle plays in health. The Lifestyle Medicine Institute promotes The Optimal Diet, a whole-food plant-based diet that is described as "almost devoid of overly processed and refined products".
He was a speaker at the 35th World Vegetarian Congress in 2002. In 2015, Diehl was inducted in the North American Vegetarian Society's Vegan Hall of Fame. His books have been translated into 36 languages and over two million copies sold.
Diehl died from an AFib-related stroke at Loma Linda University Medical Center on 2 August 2023, aged 77.

## Personal life

Diehl was a lifelong Seventh-day Adventist. He became a lacto-ovo vegetarian in 1967. He adopted a whole-food plant-based diet in 1997. He was married to Lily Pan Diehl a pianist and singer, they had two children.

## Selected publications

* To Your Health: How to Eat More and Live Longer and Better (1987)
* Dynamic Living (with Aileen Ludington, 1995)
* Take Charge of Your Health (with Aileen Ludington, 2001)
* Dr. Diehl's CHIP Program for Reversing Disease with Fork and Knife (2003)
* Dynamic Health: A Simple Plan to Take Charge of Your Life (2003)
* The Optimal Diet: The Official Chip Cookbook (with Darlene Blaney, 2009)
* Health Power: Health by Choice Not Chance (2011)
# Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham

Henry Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham, FGS, FSA (31 August 1819 – 13 September 1907), was a British banker, businessman and Conservative Party politician.

## Life

Aldenham was the son of George Henry Gibbs, whose father Antony Gibbs was a brother of Sir Vicary Gibbs, a Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. He matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, in 1837, graduating B.A. in 1841, M.A. in 1844.
Gibbs was a senior partner in the family firm of Antony Gibbs & Sons, and was a director of the Bank of England from 1853 to 1901, its deputy governor, and finally its Governor from 1875 to 1877.
He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the City of London at an unopposed by-election in April 1891, and held the seat until the general election in July 1892, when his oldest son Alban was elected in his place. He also held the office of High Sheriff of Hertfordshire in 1884. In 1896 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Aldenham, of Aldenham in the County of Hertford. A member of the Philological Society, he was a major benefactor to the Oxford English Dictionary.

## Family

Lord Aldenham married Louisa Anne Adams, daughter of William Adams and Mary Anne Cokayne, in 1845. Their fourth son, Herbert, was created Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon in 1923, while their fifth son, Kenneth, was Archdeacon of St Albans. Lady Aldenham died in 1897. Lord Aldenham survived her by ten years and died in September 1907, aged 88. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son Alban.
Children of Lord and Lady Aldenham:
* Alban George Henry Gibbs (1846–1936), heir apparent and successor to the barony
* Edith Caroline Gibbs (1848–1942)
* Walter Antony Gibbs (1850–1858)
* Vicary Gibbs (1853–1932), MP for St Albans 1892–1904
* Herbert Cokayne Gibbs (1854–1935), created Baron Hunsdon of Hunsdon in 1923
* Kenneth Francis Gibbs (1856–1935), Archdeacon of St Albans 1909–1933
* Henry Lloyd Gibbs (1861–1907)
# Ray Smith (rugby league)

Raymond James Smith is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He was a two-time premiership winning centre with the St George Dragons in the New South Wales Rugby League competition.

## Playing career

A local junior from the Bexley-Kingsgrove Club, Smith came into first grade with the St George Dragons after injuries sustained by Merv Lees and Ross Kite during 1957 and retained his position in first grade for two seasons (1957-1958).
During this time, Smith won two premierships with the premiership winning grand final teams of 1957 and 1958.
His place in the team was taken by a youthful Reg Gasnier in 1959. He finished his career at Thirroul, New South Wales and represented New South Wales on five occasions between 1960 and 1962.
# Branka Nevistić

Branka Nevistić (born 12 November 1968 in Duvno, SR Bosnia-Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian television presenter and journalist.
After moving to capital Belgrade at the age of 18, she started her journalism career in 1995 at now defunct BKTV. After spending almost an entire decade there she switched over to public broadcaster RTS in 2004 where initially she anchored the central daily newscast Dnevnik 2.
In fall 2005, she was on the move again, this time to RTV Pink where she hosted the Serbian version of political talk/game show Piramida. After doing that for two seasons, she switched to the Montenegrin version of the same show, which she did for 27 episodes at TV Atlas. Simultaneously, from mid June 2007 until early November 2008 she wrote a weekly column for Press daily newspaper.
Eventually, in autumn 2008, she announced her return to old stomping grounds RTS where she was supposed to develop a show for the 2008/09 television season, however nothing came of that.
Finally, in mid-2010 she returned to television hosting a talk show Časna reč that premiered on 12 May 2010 on TV Košava. The programme went off the air quickly by summer 2010. Ahead of the 2010–11 TV season, Nevistić was announced as the weekend newscast anchor at Prva srpska televizija. She left the network in November 2011 amid controversy.

## Personal

She has a son from a relationship with former professional basketball player Momčilo Lavrnić.
# Maach

Maach is a form of folk theatre from the Malwa region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

## Origin

Maach is thought to have originated from the Khyal theatre form of Rajasthan which spread out of the state and is thought to have, besides itself and Maach, also given rise to other North Indian folk theatre forms of Nautanki in Uttar Pradesh and Swang in Haryana. In Madhya Pradesh, Maach is said to have been introduced by Gopalji Guru who himself authored several Maach plays. Another hypothesis looks at the Maach as having originated from the Turra Kalagi troupes that accompanied the Maratha forces into Central India in the 18th and 19th centuries where it evolved into a staged performance replete with new stories, costumes, singing and dancing.

## Themes

Maach derives its name from the Hindi word manch which means a stage. It is a sung folk theatre that has a semi sacred character, blending religious and secular themes within it. Many of the themes are historical, borrowing from local legends and tales of warriors and rulers but they also borrow from the Puranas and the Hindu epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana. The tales of Raja Gopichand, Prahlad, Nala and Damayanti and the Malwan heroes Tejaji and Kedar Singh often feature in these plays. While they act as storehouses of local history and heritage, in recent years Maach performances have also focused on contemporary issues such as dacoity, literacy and landless labour.

## Music

Music is a key element of Maach performances and draws extensively from Hindustani classical ragas with words and tunes set to reflect the season or occasion on which the play is staged. The sarangi, harmonium and dhol are common accompaniments.

## Performances

Maach is thought to be a two or three century old tradition which was shaped by the religious developments of the 19th century. While originally associated with the festival of Holi, it is now performed on many occasions. Although a form of theatre, acting is under-emphasised and the theme unfolds through the songs and dances in the play. The background of the play is set by curtains and the dancers usually double up as singers. It is a sung drama with only occasional use of speech.
Maach is performed on a raised stage or manch which gives it its name. Traditionally, all the roles were performed only by men who would also don the role of female characters. Since singing is an integral element of Maach, players are noted for their singing voice. Performances open with a rendered bhishti rag before proceeding on to a series of preliminary dances that set an overture. The performance incorporates several elements such as rhyme or vanag, tune or rangat and dialogue or bol. Plays begin much after sunset and go on into the early hours of dawn. Humour in the plays are effected through the characters of a shemarkhan or bidhab who act as the king's advisor and the clown who plays a role akin to that of the sutradhar. The climax is often a colorful affair with the protagonists of the play often shown dancing amid clouds of coloured powder.
# Maikal Hills

The Maikal Hills are range of hills in the state of eastern Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh India. The Maikal Hills are an eastern part of the Satpuras in Kawardha District of Chhattisgarh and Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh, overlooking the scenic town of Kawardha. Their altitudes range from 340 m to 942 m above sea level. This densely forested and thinly populated range gives rise to several streams and rivers including the tributaries of Narmada and Wainganga rivers. The hills are inhabited by two tribal peoples, the Baigas and the Gonds. The hill range is rich in flora and fauna wealth.

## History

This region was known as Mekala and was once ruled by the Panduvamshis of Mekala. Their territory included parts of the present-day Mandla, Shahdol, and Bilaspur districts.

## Culture

Folk songs are part of the heritage of the tribal peoples of the Maikal Hills.

## Geography

The Maikal are a hilly region in central India. This mountain range is one of the broad topographical divisions of Chhattisgarh. The landscape of Satpuda-Maikal extends for a distance of about five hundred kilometer. To one side of this stretch of landscape, the Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary of Chhattisgarh is located. On the other side of the Satpuda-Maikal lies the Melghat Tiger Reserve of Maharashtra. This stretch of land extends along with Satpuda and Maikal range in Chhattisgarh.

## Natural Reserves

The following protected areas are located in the range:

### Kanha National Park

Kanha National Park is a national park and a Tiger Reserve in the Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh and located in the Maikal hills of the Satpuras. Besides harbouring a viable population of the tiger, Kanha has distinguished itself in saving the endangered hard ground barasingha from extinction, and supporting the last world population of this deer species

### Geology

The hills are known to contain bauxite, an ore for aluminium.
* Maikal Hills ore
* Healing Vegetation of Maikal Hills
* Flora of Kabirdham District
# William E. Barton

William Edward Barton (April 11, 1868 – July 29, 1955) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri, cousin of Courtney Walker Hamlin.
Born in Pickens District (now County), South Carolina, Barton and in 1869 moved to Missouri with his parents, who settled in Crawford County, near Bourbon. He attended the public schools and the Steelville Normal and Business Institute, Steelville, Missouri. He was employed as a farm hand, miner, and in a railroad office. He taught school near Bourbon, Missouri from 1889 to 1892.
He graduated from the law department of the University of Missouri in 1894. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Houston, Missouri. He served as delegate to the State judicial conventions in 1896 and 1906.
During the Spanish–American War, he served as a sergeant in Company M, Second Regiment, Missouri Volunteer Infantry. He served as prosecuting attorney of Texas County in 1901 and 1902. He served as judge of the 19th judicial circuit from 1923 until 1928.
Barton was elected as a Democrat to the 72nd Congress (March 4, 1931 – March 4, 1933). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1932 to the 73rd Congress.
Barton was again elected judge of the 19th judicial circuit of Missouri and served from 1934 to 1946, after which he resumed a private law practice. He died in Houston, Missouri, July 29, 1955, and was interred in Houston Cemetery.
# Boselaphini

Boselaphini is a tribe of bovines. It contains only two extant genera, each with a single extant species.

## Description

The Boselaphini or four-horned antelope tribe are the last survivors of a form very similar to that of the ancestors of the broader subfamily. The oldest fossil members of the tribe, such as Eotragus, date to the Miocene about 18 to 20 million years ago. Such fossils possessed horns very similar to those of males belonging to the two living species, although in some cases, they were also present in females.
Both extant species have relatively primitive anatomical and behavioural characteristics and the females have no horns. They are native to the rapidly diminishing forests of India, and tend to avoid open plains. The nilgai has been introduced into southern Texas where a population of a little under 15,000 animals provides some long-term insurance for its survival.

## Genera
### Extant species

| Image | Genus | Species |
| | Boselaphus Blainville, 1816 | nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) |
| | Tetracerus Leach, 1825 | four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) |

### Phylogeny

The following are the genera classified under the tribe. Genera marked with † are extinct.
Tribe Boselaphini
* Boselaphus
** Boselaphus tragocamelus - Nilgai or blue bull (not to be confused with the extinct bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus)
* †Elachistoceras
* †Duboisia
* †Dystychoceras
* †Eotragus
* †Pachyportax
* †Perimia
* †Phronetragus
* †Pliodorcas
* †Plioportax
* †Proboselaphus
* †Ruticeros
* †Samokeros
* †Selenoportax
* †Sivaportax
* †Sivoreas
* †Strogulognathus
* Tetracerus
** Tetracerus quadricornis - Four-horned antelope
* †Tragoreas
# Abraham van der Hulst

Abraham van der Hulst (Amsterdam, 11 April 1619 – 12 June 1666) was a Dutch admiral in the 17th century.
Van der Hulst was appointed extraordinary captain in 1650. He served as captain of Groningen in the First Anglo-Dutch War, being promoted to full captain in 1653, becoming flag captain of Vice-Admiral Witte de With on Vrijheid, fighting in the Battle of the Gabbard and the Battle of Scheveningen.
In 1654 he had convoy duty in the Mediterranean. In 1656, in the Dutch-Portuguese War, he took two merchantmen during the blockade of Portugal. In 1658 he was flag captain of Vice-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter on Hilversum while again blockading Portugal. In 1661 he served in De Ruyter's fleet in the Mediterranean. When the Second Anglo-Dutch War threatened he was on 29 January appointed temporary Rear-Admiral with the Admiralty of Amsterdam. In the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665 he was second in command in the squadron of Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam, taking over command of this unit when the latter was killed because his flagship exploded. The battle was a heavy defeat for the Dutch and those captains fighting bitterly to cover the retreat of the fleet were seen as heroes, among them Van der Hulst who was promoted on 25 July to Vice-Admiral.
In the Four Days' Battle he was second in command in the squadron of Lieutenant-Admiral Cornelis Tromp. On the second day due to a communication mistake Tromp failed to follow the turn of the main body of the Dutch fleet into the back of the English fleet. As a result, his squadron became isolated and attacked by a superior English force. Before De Ruyter could break the English line and save Tromp's force, several ships had taken a horrible pounding, among them Spiegel, Van der Hulst's flagship. He himself was mortally wounded by a musket ball in the breast. Spiegel was abandoned but later salvaged.
Van der Hulst was buried in the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam; a marble grave memorial was later erected, a work of Artus de With.
His name was later given to a Karel Doorman-class frigate in 1993, HNLMS Abraham van der Hulst.
# Line SFM7

Line SFM7 is a commuter rail line that is part of the Turin Metropolitan Railway Service, and connects Cirié station with Fossano station, using the Turin-Ceres railway, the Turin railway link and the Turin-Fossano-Savona railway. The trains, 34 in total per day, run every hour (two-hourly on holidays). The main interchange hubs are Turin Lingotto and Turin Porta Susa stations.
The line was opened on 9 June 2013. Rolling stock used are MDVC carriages, MDVE carriages, and Vivalto bi-level coaches.
Until 20 January 2024, before the activation of the connection with Ciriè along the Turin-Ceres railway, the line terminated at the Turin Stura station.

## Communes it serves

While Line SFM7 is completely located in Piedmont, it serves both the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Cuneo.
The northern part of the line serves the following communes in the Metropolitan City of Turin:
* Cirié
* San Maurizio Canavese
* Caselle Torinese
* Borgaro Torinese
* Venaria Reale (with Rigola Stadio station serving Juventus Stadium)
* Turin
* Moncalieri
* Trofarello
* Villastellone
* Carmagnola
The southern part of the line serves the following communes in the province of Cuneo:
* Racconigi
* Cavallermaggiore
* Savigliano
* Fossano
# Juggie Heen

Ernest Nalani 'Juggie' Heen, Jr. (August 31, 1930 – June 30, 2013) was an American politician.
Heen served in the United States Air Force. He then work in real estate development and sales. Heen then served in the Hawaii House of Representatives 1963-1967 and 1969-1971 as a Democrat.
# 2018–19 Ligue 1 (Ivory Coast)

The 2018–19 Côte d'Ivoire Ligue 1 is the 60th season of the Côte d'Ivoire Ligue 1, the top-tier football league in the Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), since its establishment in 1960. The season started on 7 September 2018.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | SO de l'Armée (C) | 26 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 38 | 24 | +14 | 52 | Qualification for Champions League |
| 2 | FC San Pédro (Q) | 26 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 35 | 19 | +16 | 50 | Qualification for Confederation Cup |
| 3 | ASEC Mimosas | 26 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 34 | 25 | +9 | 40 | |
| 4 | Racing Club Abidjan | 26 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 33 | 27 | +6 | 39 | |
| 5 | Bouaké FC | 26 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 33 | 33 | 0 | 37 | |
| 6 | Africa Sports d'Abidjan | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 23 | 31 | −8 | 35 | |
| 7 | Williamsville Athletic Club | 26 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 27 | 23 | +4 | 34 | |
| 8 | AS Indenié Abengourou | 26 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 26 | 25 | +1 | 34 | |
| 9 | AS Tanda | 26 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 25 | 26 | −1 | 34 | |
| 10 | Academie de Foot Amadou Diallo | 26 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 23 | 24 | −1 | 34 | |
| 11 | SC Gagnoa | 26 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 25 | 28 | −3 | 31 | |
| 12 | USC Bassam | 26 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 22 | 27 | −5 | 31 | |
| 13 | LYS Sassandra (R) | 26 | 6 | 5 | 15 | 25 | 34 | −9 | 23 | Relegation |
| 14 | Moossou FC (R) | 26 | 7 | 2 | 17 | 24 | 47 | −23 | 23 | Relegation |
* ↑ FC San Pédro are Coupe de Côte d'Ivoire winners.