OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Semigroup Forum

Semigroup Forum (print ISSN 0037-1912, electronic ISSN 1432-2137) is a mathematics research journal published by Springer. The journal serves as a platform for the speedy and efficient transmission of information on current research in semigroup theory. Coverage in the journal includes:
* algebraic semigroups,
* topological semigroups,
* partially ordered semigroups,
* semigroups of measures and harmonic analysis on semigroups,
* transformation semigroups, and
* applications of semigroup theory to other disciplines such as ring theory, category theory, automata, and logic.
Semigroups of operators were initially considered off-topic, but began being included in the journal in 1985.

## Contents

Semigroup Forum features survey and research articles. It also contains research announcements, which describe new results, mostly without proofs, of full length papers appearing elsewhere as well as short notes, which detail such information as new proofs, significant generalizations of known facts, comments on unsolved problems, and historical remarks. In addition, the journal contains research problems; announcements of conferences, seminars, and symposia on semigroup theory; abstracts and bibliographical items; as well as listings of books, papers, and lecture notes of interest.

## History

The journal published its first issue in 1970. It is indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, SCOPUS, and Zentralblatt Math.
"Semigroup Forum was a pioneering journal ... one of the early instances of a highly specialized journal, of which there are now many. Indeed, it was during the 1960s that many of the current specialised journals began to appear, probably in connection with research specialization ...among many other examples, the journals Topology, Journal of Algebra, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, and Journal of Number Theory were launched in 1962, 1964, 1966 and 1969 respectively. Semigroup Forum simply followed in this trend, with academic publishers realizing that there was a market for such narrowly focused journals.$^{:330}$
This journal has been called "in many ways a point of crystallization for semigroup theory and its community", and "an indicator of a field which is mathematically active".
# Edward E. Eslick

Edward Everett Eslick (April 19, 1872 – June 14, 1932) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 7th congressional district of Tennessee.

## Biography

Born near Pulaski, Tennessee in Giles County Eslick was the son of Merritt and Martha Virginia (Abernathy) Eslick. He attended public schools and Bethel College at Russellville, Kentucky. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1893, and commenced practice in Pulaski. He married Willa McCord Blake on June 6, 1906, in Birmingham, Alabama.

## Career

As well as practicing law, Eslick also engaged in banking and agricultural pursuits. He was an alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Tennessee in 1916. During World War I, he served as a government appeal agent for Giles County.
Eslick was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-ninth. He was also elected to the three succeeding Congresses. He served from March 4, 1925, until his death.

## Death

Eslick died on June 14, 1932, (age 60 years, 56 days) from a heart attack at the Capitol at Washington, D.C., on June 14, 1932, while addressing the House of Representatives in support of the Wright Patman World War I Bonus Bill which would have immediately given World War I veterans financial bonuses reserved for 1945. Eslick's remains were moved to Pulaski. He is interred at Maplewood Cemetery in Pulaski, Tennessee. His wife, Willa McCord Eslick, was elected to fill out the remainder of his term in Congress.
# 2024 Vanuatu earthquake

During December 2024, an 7.3 earthquake struck Port Vila Vanatu causing tsunami warnings.
# Shinkaia

Shinkaia crosnieri is a species of squat lobster in a monotypic genus in the family Munidopsidae. S. crosnieri lives in deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems, living off of the chemosynthetic activity of certain bacteria living on its setae.
# Caldimicrobium

Caldimicrobium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Thermodesulfobacteriaceae.
Caldimicrobium is an anaerobic thermophile which is roughly 1.0–1.2 micrometers long and 0.5 micrometers wide.
# Crematogaster chiarinii

Crematogaster chiarinii is a species of ant in tribe Crematogastrini. It was described by Emery in 1881.
# Choi Im-jeong

Choi Im-jeong (born February 14, 1981, in Busan) is a South Korean handball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics.
In 2004, she won the silver medal with the South Korean team. She played all seven matches and scored 16 goals.
In 2008, she was part of the South Korean team that won the bronze medal.
# Chun Ga-ram

Chun Ga-ram (Korean: 천가람; born October 19, 2002) is a South Korean footballer who plays as a forward for Hwacheon KSPO and the South Korea national team. Chun Ga-ram was selected to the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup South Korean squad.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 25 September 2023 | Wenzhou Sports Centre, Wenzhou, China | Philippines | 1–1 | 5–1 | 2022 Asian Games |
| 2. | 26 October 2023 | Xiamen Erget Stadium, Xiamen, China | Thailand | 2–0 | 10–1 | 2024 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament |
| 3. | 26 October 2023 | Xiamen Erget Stadium, Xiamen, China | Thailand | 4–0 | 10–1 | 2024 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament |
| 4. | 26 October 2023 | Xiamen Erget Stadium, Xiamen, China | Thailand | 10–0 | 10–1 | 2024 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament |
# Anand Menon

Anand Menon (born September 1965) is Professor of European Politics and Foreign Affairs at King's College London in the United Kingdom and was appointed in January 2014 as director of the UK in a Changing Europe initiative. He was a special adviser to the House of Lords EU committee.

## Academic career

Prior to arriving at King's College, London, Menon lectured at the University of Birmingham. Previously he was Lecturer in European Politics at Oxford University for ten years and a Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford for five.
Menon is the Director of UK in a Changing Europe, a think tank funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and based at King's College London.

## Personal Life

Menon is a lifelong fan of Leeds United F.C. and the India national cricket team.
# Hong Da-jung

Hong Da-jung (born 3 February 1986) is a South Korean former professional tennis player.
Born in Seoul, Hong was considered a tennis prodigy in South Korea and won the All Korea Junior Championships as a 14-year old. She received training in the United States and reached a best ITF junior world ranking of 26.
Hong, who is short in stature, played for the South Korea Fed Cup team in 2003, winning all three of her singles rubbers.

## ITF finals
### Singles: 2 (1–1)

| Outcome | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Runner-up | Aug 2002 | ITF Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand | Hard | Liza Andriyani | 4–6, 5–7 |
| Winner | Feb 2003 | ITF Bangalore, India | Hard | Meghha Vakaria | 6–4, 6–4 |

### Doubles: 1 (1–0)

| Outcome | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Winner | Aug 2008 | ITF Gimhae, South Korea | Hard | Kim Jin-hee | Kim Sun-jung Lee Cho-won | 6–4, 6–2 |
# Carlos French

Carlos French (August 6, 1835 – April 14, 1903) was an American businessman and politician who served one term as a United States representative from Connecticut from 1887 to 1889.

## Biography

He was born in Humphreysville, Connecticut (now known as Seymour, Connecticut). He was the son of Raymond French and Olive Curtis French.
French attended the common schools of Seymour and General Russell’s Military School, New Haven, Connecticut. He engaged in manufacturing and is credited with inventing the spiral steel car spring and the corrugated volute spring.

### Early political career

French was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1860 and again in 1868.

### Business career

He was employed as the president and treasurer of the Fowler Nail Company from 1869 until his death and also the vice president of the H.A. Matthews Manufacturing Company. He was also the director the Union Horse Shoe Nail Company of Chicago, Illinois and of the Second National Bank of New Haven, Connecticut. In addition, he was the director of the Colonial Trust Company of Waterbury, Connecticut and of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company.

### Congress

French was a member of the Democratic National Committee and was elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth Congress (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1888.

### Later career and death

After leaving Congress, he resumed his former manufacturing pursuits and corporate connections. He died in Seymour, Connecticut in 1903 and was buried in Fair Haven Union Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut.
# Pepa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Pepa is a community in the southeast of Tanganyika province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is located 167 kilometres northeast by road from Pweto, to the west of Lake Tanganyika.

## Location

Pepa is in Moba territory in the southeast of Tanganyika province. The village is surrounded by high plateau grasslands. It was the home of the Belgian-owned Societé Elgima Pepa until the 1990s, a huge cattle farm that employed 1,200 local people.

## War

During the Second Congo War (1998-2003) the region became a battle zone between government forces and rebel groups. Most of the people fled to Zambia and almost all the cattle were taken. The area between Pweto, Moba and Moliro has been called the "Triangle of Death". In 2000 the town was held by RCD-Goma forces and the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA). In April 2000 a Rwandan airforce Antonov An-8 crashed on take-off from the Pepa airstrip killing the crew of four and about 20 Rwandan soldiers including a Rwanda army major, two captains and two lieutenants. Other reports place the death toll as high as 57.
In October 2000 Pepa was captured in an offensive by DRC government troops and their allies. The RCD-Goma and RPA forces counter-attacked and recaptured Pepa in November 2000.
In October 2000, 10 000 AFDL troops (including Hutu, and Zimbabwean) assaulted at Mutoko Moya (west of Pepa) against 3000 Rwanda/Burundi/RCD forces, forcing them to retreat to Pepa. Zimbabwe Air Force bombers were used. 6000 RCD reinforcements crossed from Burundi across the lake to counterattack. For two days, and hundreds of casualties, there was no result. Then a light battalion was sent on a long outflanking manoeuver, which led to success. The AFDL retreated to Pweto.
The Rwandans took other places in the area including Pweto and Moba early in December 2000. By the end of the war buildings that had been used by the military were dilapidated and the community was littered with unexploded and abandoned ordnance.
Pepa was an old Belgian commercial farm, in 2010 there were 200 cows left. Pepa changed hands three times in 2000, during the Second Congolese War. The Mai Mai finally occupied Pepa from 2003 until a village strike (collectively refused to work for them) forced them to leave, in 2006.

## Today

About 4,000 people trickled back to Pepa after the war, where aid workers educated them in avoiding the dangers of mines and other explosives. By 2010 the herd of cattle numbered 270 and was steadily growing.
# Narayan Sane

Narayan Sane (4 February 1909 – 10 April 2002) was an Indian cricket umpire. He stood in two Test matches in 1960. Sane was also a first-class cricketer between 1934 and 1949. He made one appearance for Maharashtra then played seven matches for Central Provinces and Berar.
# Tea Ropati

Tea Faa'tea Ropati (born 7 September 1964) is a former professional rugby league footballer who represented New Zealand and Western Samoa.

## Background

Ropati was born in Auckland, New Zealand.
Ropati is a member of the large Ropati rugby league family that includes fellow league players Joe Ropati, John Ropati, Iva Ropati, union player Romi Ropati, and league commentator Peter Ropati.

## Early years

Ropati played for both the Mangere East Hawks and Otahuhu Leopards in the Auckland Rugby League competition. He was a Junior Kiwi in 1983.
During the 1987 season Ropati played for Auckland alongside three of his brothers; John, Joe and Peter.
This feat was bettered in the 1991 season when all four of them, plus brother Iva, twice lined up for Mangere East in the Auckland Rugby League competition.

## Playing career

Ropati started his professional career with the Newcastle Knights in 1988 before moving to England. Playing for St. Helens he made a name for himself as a centre/five eighth who kicked goals. He also won the 1992/3 British First Division player of the year award.
During the 1991–92 season he played in St. Helens' 24–14 victory over Rochdale Hornets in the 1991 Lancashire Cup Final at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington, on 20 October 1991. During the 1992–93 season he played at Stand-off in the 4–5 defeat by Wigan in the 1992 Lancashire Cup Final at Knowsley Road, St. Helens, on 18 October 1992.
In 1995 he returned home to join the new Auckland Warriors in the first Australian Rugby League premiership. He was the Warriors' player of the year in 1995. He stayed with the Warriors for four seasons before retiring after the 1998 season.
Ropati represented the New Zealand national rugby league team between 1996 and 1997 and also played for Western Samoa at the 1995 Rugby League World Cup.

## Later years

Ropati participated in the charity boxing event Fight for Life on several occasions during the early 2000s.
In 2010 Ropati was the assistant coach for the Mangere East Hawks in the Auckland Rugby League competition.

## Rape trial

On 21 January 2008 Ropati began a trial in Auckland after being accused of rape and unlawful sexual connection, to which he pleaded not guilty. The woman stated she awoke in a car near Victoria Park. "I remember coming to. I remember an angry face over me. It was an angry, twisted face. I remember being in pain." Ropati was married at the time, and although he admitted the sexual connection he stated that it was consensual.
On 31 January 2008 a jury found him not guilty on all six charges. Multiple rugby league personalities defended the character of Ropati in court including the Mad Butcher Peter Leitch.
# Proactive maintenance

Proactive maintenance is the maintenance philosophy that supplants “failure reactive” with “failure proactive” by activities that avoid the underlying conditions that lead to machine faults and degradation. Unlike predictive or preventive maintenance, proactive maintenance commissions corrective actions aimed at failure root causes, not failure symptoms. Its central theme is to extend the life of machinery as opposed to
* making repairs when often nothing is wrong,
* accommodating failure as routine or normal, or
* detecting impending failure conditions followed by remediation.
Proactive maintenance depends on rigorous machine inspection and condition monitoring. In mechanical machinery it seeks to detect and eradicate failure root causes such as wrong lubricant, degraded lubricant, contaminated lubricant, botched repair, misalignment, unbalance and operator error.
# Aquila Wiley

Aquila Wiley (February 20, 1835 – June 5, 1910) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War.
Aquila Wiley was born in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, on February 20, 1835. He was a lawyer.
Wiley entered Union Army service as a first lieutenant of the 16th Ohio Infantry Regiment. He was promoted to captain on May 4, 1861. He was mustered out of the volunteers on August 18, 1861. On September 19, 1861, Wiley re-enlisted as a captain in the 41st Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Wiley was promoted to major, June 22, 1861, to lieutenant colonel on December 6, 1862, and to colonel on April 15, 1863.
Wiley was wounded in the Battle of Shiloh, April 6–7, 1862. He was much more seriously wounded at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863, resulting in his left leg being amputated. He was discharged from the volunteers on June 7, 1864. Wiley returned to the volunteer service as a captain in the Veteran Reserve Corps, March 25, 1865. He was promoted to major on April 27, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteers on March 28, 1866.
On May 31, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Wiley for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on July 23, 1866.
After the war, Wiley was a Democratic politician. Congressman and future president William McKinley defeated him in 1878 by a vote count of 15,489 to 14,255. Republican Allen T. Wikoff defeated him for the office of Secretary of State in 1872.
Aquila Wiley died June 5, 1912, at Wooster, Ohio. He was buried at Wooster Cemetery, Wooster, Ohio.
# 1967 Atlanta Falcons season

The 1967 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchise's second year in the National Football League (NFL). Unable to improve on their 3-11, second-to-last place finish from their inaugural season, the Falcons finished with the worst record in the whole NFL, at 1-12-1. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season.
The Falcons were shifted from the Eastern Conference to the Western with the addition of the New Orleans Saints for 1967. Atlanta was further east than three Eastern Conference teams: the Saints, Dallas Cowboys, and St. Louis Cardinals.

## Offseason
### NFL Draft

1967 Atlanta Falcons draft :
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | College | Notes |
| 2 | 31 | Leo Carroll | Defensive end | San Diego State | |
| Made roster ||||||

## Regular season
### Schedule

| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Venue | Attendance |
| 1 | September 17 | at Baltimore Colts | L 31–38 | 0–1 | Memorial Stadium | 56,715 |
| 2 | September 24 | at San Francisco 49ers | L 7–38 | 0–2 | Kezar Stadium | 30,207 |
| 3 | October 1 | at Green Bay Packers | L 0–23 | 0–3 | Milwaukee County Stadium | 49,467 |
| 4 | October 8 | Philadelphia Eagles | L 7–38 | 0–4 | Atlanta Stadium | 53,868 |
| 5 | October 15 | Washington Redskins | T 20–20 | 0–4–1 | Atlanta Stadium | 56,538 |
| 6 | October 22 | at Detroit Lions | L 3–24 | 0–5–1 | Tiger Stadium | 50,601 |
| 7 | October 29 | Minnesota Vikings | W 21–20 | 1–5–1 | Atlanta Stadium | 52,859 |
| 8 | November 5 | at Dallas Cowboys | L 7–37 | 1–6–1 | Cotton Bowl | 54,751 |
| 9 | November 12 | Baltimore Colts | L 7–49 | 1–7–1 | Atlanta Stadium | 58,850 |
| 10 | November 19 | Los Angeles Rams | L 3–31 | 1–8–1 | Atlanta Stadium | 56,871 |
| 11 | November 26 | at New Orleans Saints | L 24–27 | 1–9–1 | Tulane Stadium | 83,437 |
| 12 | December 3 | at Los Angeles Rams | L 3–20 | 1–10–1 | Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum | 46,395 |
| 13 | December 10 | San Francisco 49ers | L 28–34 | 1–11–1 | Atlanta Stadium | 51,798 |
| 14 | December 17 | Chicago Bears | L 14–23 | 1–12–1 | Atlanta Stadium | 54,107 |
| Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. |||||||

### Game summaries
#### Week 14

| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| • Bears | 7 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 23 |
| Falcons | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 14 |

### Standings

NFL Coastal :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| Los Angeles Rams | 11 | 1 | 2 | .917 | 4–1–1 | 8–1–1 | 398 | 196 | W8 |
| Baltimore Colts | 11 | 1 | 2 | .917 | 4–1–1 | 7–1–2 | 394 | 198 | L1 |
| San Francisco 49ers | 7 | 7 | 0 | .500 | 3–3 | 4–6 | 273 | 337 | W2 |
| Atlanta Falcons | 1 | 12 | 1 | .077 | 0–6 | 1–9 | 175 | 422 | L7 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
# Seth W. Brown

Seth W. Brown (January 4, 1841 – February 24, 1923) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.
He was born near Waynesville, Ohio and attended the public schools. During the Civil War, Brown served in Company H, Seventy-ninth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After the war, he engaged in the newspaper business, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1873, commencing practice in Waynesville, Ohio.
He served as prosecuting attorney for Warren County from 1880 to 1883. He resumed practicing law in Lebanon, Ohio, before serving as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1883 to 1887. Brown was a presidential elector in 1888 for the Republican presidential and vice-presidential ticket of Harrison/Morton.
Brown was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1897 to March 3, 1901). He unsuccessfully ran for renomination in 1900. After his retirement, Brown resumed his law practice in Lebanon and Cincinnati, Ohio. Until his death, Brown was a writer on political and governmental subjects. Brown died in Lebanon, Ohio, February 24, 1923, and was interred in Miami Cemetery, Waynesville, Ohio.
# Chip Shields

William "Chip" Shields (born 1967) is an American politician who served as a member of the Oregon State Senate from September 2009 until 2017. He had previously represented District 43 in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2004 until his appointment to replace Margaret Carter to represent Senate District 22.
Shields was elected in a 2010 special election, and reelected in 2012. He retired in 2016.

## Electoral history

2004 Oregon State Representative, 43rd district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Chip Shields | 26,285 | 87.6 |
| | Republican | Shirley (Whitehead) Freeman | 3,487 | 11.6 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 229 | 0.8 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 30,001 | 100% |
2006 Oregon State Representative, 43rd district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Chip Shields | 18,340 | 98.0 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 378 | 2.0 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 18,718 | 100% |
2008 Oregon State Representative, 43rd district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Chip Shields | 26,051 | 98.5 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 408 | 1.5 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 26,459 | 100% |
2010 Oregon State Senator, 22nd district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Chip Shields | 40,101 | 88.0 |
| | Republican | Dwayne E Runyan | 5,345 | 11.7 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 142 | 0.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 45,588 | 100% |
2012 Oregon State Senator, 22nd district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Chip Shields | 55,017 | 91.6 |
| | Libertarian | Herbert Booth | 4,693 | 7.8 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 335 | 0.6 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 60,045 | 100% |