OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trousseau sign of latent tetany

Trousseau sign of latent tetany is a medical sign observed in patients with low calcium. From 1 to 4 percent of normal patients will test positive for Trousseau's sign of latent tetany. This sign may be positive before other manifestations of hypocalcemia such as hyperreflexia and tetany, as such it is generally believed to be more sensitive (94%) than the Chvostek sign (29%) for hypocalcemia. This sign may also be observed as a symptom of hyperventilation syndrome as a result of hypocapnia-induced reduction of calcium levels in the blood.
To elicit the sign, a blood pressure cuff is placed around the arm and inflated to a pressure greater than the systolic blood pressure and held in place for 3 minutes. This will occlude the brachial artery. In the absence of blood flow, the patient's hypocalcemia and subsequent neuromuscular irritability will induce spasm of the muscles of the hand and forearm. The wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints flex, the DIP and PIP joints extend, and the fingers adduct. The sign is also known as main d'accoucheur (French for "hand of the obstetrician") because it supposedly resembles the position of an obstetrician's hand in delivering a baby.

## History

The sign is named after French physician Armand Trousseau, who described the phenomenon in 1861. It is distinct from the Trousseau sign of malignancy, which is a type of abnormal blood clot due to certain types of cancer.
# Tywęzy

Tywęzy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Dzierzgoń, 18 km (11 mi) east of Sztum, and 70 km (43 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## Notable residents

* Bruno Frankewitz (1897-1982) Wehrmacht general
# Ulkowy

Ulkowy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pszczółki, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Pszczółki, 10 km (6 mi) south of Pruszcz Gdański, and 21 km (13 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Bairds Village, Saint George, Barbados

Bairds Village is a populated place in the parish of Saint George, Barbados.
# Watkowice

Watkowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryjewo, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Ryjewo, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Kwidzyn, and 66 km (41 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1772 the area was part of Kingdom of Poland, and in 1772-1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Watkowice Małe

Watkowice Małe is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ryjewo, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
Watkowice Małe is approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) east of Ryjewo, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Kwidzyn, and 65 km (40 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.

## Notable residents

* Carl Julius Meyer von Klinggräff (1809–1879), German botanist
* Hugo Erich Meyer von Klinggräff (1820-1902), German botanist
# Wdzydze Tucholskie

Wdzydze Tucholskie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Karsin, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Karsin, 17 km (11 mi) south of Kościerzyna, and 64 km (40 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Werblinia

Werblinia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puck, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Puck and 48 km (30 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wesoła Kępa

Wesoła Kępa is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Stary Dzierzgoń, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of Stary Dzierzgoń, 2 km (1 mi) south of Sztum, and 81 km (50 mi) northeast of the regional capital Warsaw.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Widlino, Puck County

Widlino is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Puck, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Puck and 37 km (23 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wielki Klincz

Wielki Klincz (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Kościerzyna and 48 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wieprznica

Wieprznica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kościerzyna, within Kościerzyna County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Kościerzyna and 54 km (34 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wierciny

Wierciny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowy Dwór Gdański, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Nowy Dwór Gdański and 47 km (29 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wierszynko

Wierszynko is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kołczygłowy, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Kołczygłowy, 26 km (16 mi) north-west of Bytów, and 94 km (58 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wierzbnik, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Wierzbnik is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Czarne, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in Northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Czarne, 26 km (16 mi) west of Człuchów, and 133 km (83 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wierzchocina

Wierzchocina is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipnica, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Lipnica, 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Bytów, and 99 km (62 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wilczewo, Sztum County

Wilczewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mikołajki Pomorskie, within Sztum County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Mikołajki Pomorskie, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Sztum, and 68 km (42 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.

## History

In 1454 the village was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland by King Casimir IV Jagiellon. In the 18th century, it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1871 to 1945 it was also part of Germany. After Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II the village became again part of Poland.
# Wilki, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Wilki is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Skarszewy, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Skarszewy, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Starogard Gdański, and 35 km (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wilkowo, Kwidzyn County

Wilkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gardeja, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Gardeja, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Kwidzyn, and 89 km (55 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Wilkowo Nowowiejskie

Wilkowo Nowowiejskie (German: Villkow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowa Wieś Lęborska within Lębork County, Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Nowa Wieś Lęborska, 6 km (4 mi) north of Lębork, and 63 km (39 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Gurgen Hovhannisyan

Gurgen Hovhannisyan (born February 19, 1998) is an Armenian professional boxer.

## Professional career

Hovhannisyan made his debut in Bakersfield, California on September 18, 2021. He is trained by legendary trainer Joe Goosen. Hovhannisyan was scheduled to face former world champion Charles Martin but had to pull out through injury.

## Professional boxing record

| 7 fights | 7 wins | 0 losses |
| By knockout | 6 | 0 |
| By decision | 1 | 0 |
| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| 7 | Win | 7–0 | Patrick Mailata | MD | 8 | 13 Dec 2024 | Caribe Royale Orlando, Orlando, Florida, U.S. |
| 6 | Win | 6–0 | Luis Pascual | RTD | 5 (10), 3:00 | 31 May 2024 | Caribe Royale Orlando, Orlando, Florida, U.S. |
| 5 | Win | 5–0 | Colby Madison | KO | 5 (10), 0:40 | 4 Jan 2024 | Emerald Park Casino, Tacoma, Washington, U.S. | |
| 4 | Win | 4–0 | Michael Polite Coffie | RTD | 6 (8), 3:00 | 15 Oct 2022 | Barclays Center, Brooklyn, New York, U.S. | |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Jesse Bryan | KO | 2 (6), 2:45 | 14 May 2022 | Dignity Health Sports Park, Carson, California, U.S. | |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | Nick Jones | KO | 2 (6), 2:45 | 11 Dec 2021 | Dignity Health Sports Park, Carson, California, U.S. | |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Jayvone Dafney | KO | 1 (4), 2:10 | 18 Sep 2021 | Mechanics Bank Arena, Bakersfield, California, U.S. | Professional debut |
# Witkowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Witkowo (German: Vietkow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Smołdzino, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Smołdzino, 22 km (14 mi) north-east of Słupsk, and 95 km (59 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Robert W. Miers

Robert Walter Miers (January 27, 1848 – February 20, 1930) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana.

## Early life

Robert Walter Miers was born on January 27, 1848, near Greensburg, Indiana. Miers attended the common schools. He was graduated from the academic department of Indiana University at Bloomington in 1870 and from its law department in 1871. He was admitted to the bar in April 1872 and commenced practice in Bloomington, Indiana.

## Career

Miers served as prosecuting attorney for the tenth judicial circuit of Indiana from 1875 to 1879. He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1879, and was a member of the board of trustees of Indiana University from 1879 to 1897. He was appointed judge of the tenth judicial circuit of Indiana in 1883, elected in 1884 and again in 1890, and served until September 1896, when he resigned to become a candidate for Congress. He was an unsuccessful Democratic nominee for Indiana Secretary of State in 1886 and in 1888.
Miers was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1905). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1904 to the Fifty-ninth Congress. He resumed the practice of law.
Miers was again elected judge of the tenth circuit of Indiana on November 3, 1914, and served until November 22, 1920. He continued the practice of law in Bloomington, Indiana, until 1928.

## Personal life

Miers died while on a visit in Martinsville, Indiana, on February 20, 1930. He was interred in Rosehill Cemetery in Bloomington, Indiana.
# Wolny Dwór

Wolny Dwór is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skarszewy, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Skarszewy, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Starogard Gdański, and 34 km (21 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Malek Bensmaïl

Malek Bensmaïl is an Algerian film director, screenwriter, cinematographer and film producer.

## Biography

Born in 1966 in Constantine, Algeria, Bensmaïl graduated in cinematography from the École supérieure d'études cinématographiques (ESEC Film School), Paris, in 1990, and did an internship with Lenfilm production company in Saint Petersburg.

## Filmography

Bensmaïl's films include:
| Year | Film | Genre | Role | Duration (min) |
| 1990 | Roumanie, l'après Ceaucescu | Sociopolitical documentary on Romania after the fall of Ceaușescu in 1989 | Director | |
| 1999 | Boudiaf, un espoir assassiné | Political documentary portrait of the assassinated Algerian politician Mohamed Boudiaf | Co-director with Noël Zurich | 58 m |
| 1999 | Territoire(s) | Political documentary short on the violence in the history of Algeria, inspired by Jacques Berque | Director, screenwriter, and producer | 28 m |
| 2001 | Des vacances, malgré tout / Despite all holidays | Documentary | Director and screenwriter | 70 m |
| 2001 | Démokratia | Political fiction short | Director and screenwriter | 17 m |
| 2004 | Aliénations | Documentary on everyday life in a psychiatric hospital | Director, screenwriter and cinematographer | 105 m |
| 2008 | La Chine est encore loin / China Is Still Far Away | Historical documentary on an Algerian village 54 years after the War of Independence | Director and screenwriter | 120 m |
| 2013 | Odysseys | Fiction comedy | Director, screenwriter and producer | 110 m |
| 2015 | Contre-Pouvoirs / Checks and Balances | Political documentary on the Algerian daily El Watan | Director, screenwriter, producer, and cinematographer | 97 m |
| 2017 | La Bataille d'Alger, un film dans l'Histoire / The Battle of Algiers: a Film Within History | Historical documentary on the movie The Battle of Algiers (1966) by Gillo Pontecorvo | Director, screenwriter and producer | 117 m |
| 2021 | Toute l'Algérie du monde | Documentary on Algeria's recent history | Director | 53 m |

## Awards

Bensmaïl's films obtained four prizes and eight nominations, including:
| Film | Festival | Award |
| Des vacances, malgré tout / Despite all holidays (2001) | Cinéma du Réel, Paris | 2001 Heritage Award |
| Aliénations (2004) | Cinéma du Réel, Paris | 2004 Libraries Award |
| La Chine est encore loin / China Is Still Far Away (2008) | Three Continents Festival, Nantes | 2008 Special Jury Award |
| La Chine est encore loin / China Is Still Far Away (2008) | Filmfest München (Munich International Film Festival) | 2009 Documentary Film Award of the Bavarian Broadcasting Corporation and Telepool |
# Alexander van Oudenaarden

Alexander van Oudenaarden (19 March 1970) is a Dutch biophysicist and systems biologist. He is a researcher in stem cell biology, specialising in single cell techniques. In 2012 he started as director of the Hubrecht Institute and was awarded three times an ERC Advanced Grant, in 2012, 2017, and 2022. He was awarded the Spinoza Prize in 2017.

## Biography

Van Oudenaarden was born 19 March 1970, in Zuidland, a small town in the Dutch province of South Holland. He studied at the Delft University of Technology, where he obtained an MSc degree in Materials Science and Engineering (cum laude) and an MSc degree in Physics, both in 1993, and subsequently a PhD degree in Physics (cum laude) in 1998 in experimental condensed matter physics, under the supervision of professor J.E. Mooij. He received the Andries Miedema Award (best doctoral research in the field of condensed matter physics in the Netherlands) for his thesis on "Quantum vortices and quantum interference effects in circuits of small tunnel junctions". In 1998, he moved to Stanford University, where he was a postdoctoral researcher in the departments of Biochemistry and of Microbiology & Immunology, working on force generation of polymerising actin filaments in the Theriot lab and a postdoctoral researcher in the department of Chemistry, working on Micropatterning of supported phospholipid bi-layers in the Boxer lab. In 2000 he joined the department of Physics at MIT as an assistant professor, was tenured in 2004 and became a full professor. In 2001 he received the NSF CAREER award, and was both an Alfred Sloan Research Fellow and the Keck Career Development Career Development Professor in Biomedical Engineering. In 2012 Alexander became the director of the Hubrecht Institute as the successor of Hans Clevers. In 2017 he received his second ERC Advanced Grant, for his study titled "a single-cell genomics approach integrating gene expression, lineage, and physical interactions". In 2022 he received his third ERC Advanced Grant, titled "scTranslatomics".
In 2014 van Oudenaarden became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2017 he was one of four winners of the Spinoza Prize. In 2022 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (International Honorary Member).
He is married and has three children.

## Work

During his time at MIT his lab started with parallel lines of research in actin dynamics and noise in gene networks, and then focused on stochasticity in gene networks biological networks as control systems, and the evolution of small networks.
Today, Van Oudenaarden works at the Hubrecht Institute and focuses on stochastic gene expression, developing new tools for quantifying gene expression in single cells and MicroRNAs.
# 2020 Sint Maarten general election

Snap general elections were held in Sint Maarten on 9 January 2020, two years earlier than scheduled, following the dissolution of the Second Marlin-Romeo cabinet in September 2019.

## Electoral system

The 15 seats in the Estates were elected by proportional representation. In order to participate in the election, new parties and parties without a seat in parliament were required to obtain at least 136 signatures; 1% of the valid votes of the 2018 general elections.

## Results

| | National Alliance | 4,715 | 35.29 | 6 | +1 |
| | United People's Party | 3,231 | 24.18 | 4 | +4 |
| | United St. Maarten Party | 1,762 | 13.19 | 2 | 0 |
| | Party for Progress | 1,407 | 10.53 | 2 | New |
| | United Democrats | 1,161 | 8.69 | 1 | –6 |
| | St. Maarten Christian Party | 759 | 5.68 | 0 | –1 |
| | People's Progressive Alliance | 326 | 2.44 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 13,361 | 100.00 | 15 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 13,361 | 97.09 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 312 | 2.27 | | |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 89 | 0.65 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 13,762 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 23,106 | 59.56 | | |
| Source: Government of Sint Maarten ||||||
# The Fall of the Islamic World

The Fall of the Islamic World: A forecast (ISBN 9789025437398, original German title: Der Untergang der islamischen Welt: Eine Prognose, ISBN 9783426275443) is a book from 2010 by the German-Egyptian political scientist and Islam critic Hamed Abdel-Samad.
In the book Abdel-Samad claims Islam is over its peak. As root cause, he points to the contradiction that contemporary Muslims do consume the material achievements of modern society, but on a spiritual plane they are not open to much of associated concepts such as freedom, equality and religious criticism in modern society. Moreover, Muslims in the West are largely financially economically dependent on Western social order but despise the underlying moral values. The gap between Islam and society grows and loses its relevance. Adbel-Samad sees a solution in what he called a "post-Koran discourse", a religious-ethnical Islamic revival, but not literally on the Qu'ran word.
# Embassy of the United States, Tegucigalpa

The Embassy of the United States in Tegucigalpa is the diplomatic mission of the United States of America in Honduras.

## History

After Honduras gained independence from Spain in 1821, it joined the Federation of Central American States which also included Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador. The United States recognized the independence of the Federation from Spain on August 4, 1824. Following the dissolution of the Federation, the United States acknowledged Honduras as a separate, independent state on April 19, 1853, with the appointment of Solon Borland as U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to several Central American countries. The first American diplomatic mission was situated in the prior capital of Comayagua. The American Legation officially opened on February 22, 1856. The first U.S. Minister Resident to present his credentials in Honduras was James R. Partridge on April 25, 1862.
On March 23, 1943, an agreement between the United States and several American Republics including Honduras elevated the status of their legations to embassies. Consequently, John D. Irwin was the first to hold the title of U.S. Ambassador to Honduras.
A new U.S. Embassy in Tegucigalpa was initiated in March 2019 and projected for completion by mid-2023. A tire fire was started outside the main entrance of the embassy on May 31, 2019, amid protests against the privatization of healthcare and education in the country. A strike occurred in 2022 due to labor concerns. In 2022, a Honduran judge approved the extradition of former President Juan Orlando Hernández to the United States on drug-trafficking and weapons charges.
# John Kissel (New York politician)

John Kissel (July 31, 1864, in Brooklyn, Kings County, New York – October 3, 1938, in Brooklyn, New York City) was an American newspaper publisher and politician from New York.

## Life

He attended public and private schools and served as a clerk in the Brooklyn Navy Yard. He learned the printing trade and published the Kings County Republican from 1889 to 1914. Kissel became a member of the New York State Republican Committee in 1886; was Clerk to the Board of Supervisors of Kings County in 1894 and 1895; and engaged in the brewery business.
Kissel was a presidential elector in 1900.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (9th D.) in 1909 and 1910; and organized, and for fifteen years conducted at his own expense, the first free labor bureau in the United States, which was subsequently merged into the United States Employment Service.
He was elected as a Republican to the 67th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1921, to March 3, 1923. Afterwards, he became a general tax consultant with offices in Brooklyn and was employed as an attendant at the Empire State Building.
He died on October 3, 1938, in Brooklyn, and was buried at the Lutheran Cemetery in Glendale, Queens.