OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kiyaras Rural District

Kiyaras Rural District (Persian: دهستان كيارس) is in the Central District of Gotvand County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Pol-e Parzin.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 2,749 in 457 households. There were 4,291 inhabitants in 878 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,568 in 941 households. The most populous of its 31 villages was Shahrak-e Shahid Mohasan Boni Najar, with 1,851 people.
# Fluke

Fluke may refer to:

## Biology

* Fluke (fish), a species of marine flatfish
* Fluke (tail), the lobes of the tail of a cetacean, such as dolphins, whales, and porpoises.
* Fluke (flatworm), parasitic flatworms in the class Trematoda
** Blood fluke
** Liver fluke

## Arts and entertainment

* Fluke (album), a 1995 album by Canadian rock band Rusty
* Fluke (band), a British electronic dance music group
* Fluke (film), a 1995 film directed by Carlo Carlei
* Fluke (General Hospital), a character in the American television series General Hospital
* Fluke (novel), a 1977 novel by English horror writer James Herbert
* Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings, a 2003 novel by Christopher Moore
* Fluke Mini-Comics & Zine Festival, a one-day mini-comics, small press, and 'zine festival held annually in Athens, Georgia

## People

* Emily Fluke (born 1992), American ice hockey player
* Joanne Fluke (born c. 1943), American author from Minnesota
* John Fluke (1911–1984), American engineer, Founder & CEO of Fluke Corporation
* Louise Fluke (1900–1986), designer of the Flag of Oklahoma
* Sandra Fluke (born 1981), attorney, feminist, LGBTQ activist
* Gawin Caskey (born 1997), Thai actor, nicknamed Fluke
* Natouch Siripongthon (born 1996), Thai actor, nicknamed Fluke

## Other uses

* Fluke (anchor), blades at the end of an anchor
* Fluke (cue sports), an unintentionally fortuitous shot in cue sports such as snooker
* Fluke Corporation, a manufacturer of electrical and electronic test equipment
* Fluke Ridge, Artistotle Mountains, Graham Land, Antarctica
* Snow fluke, an anchoring device for climbing and camping
# 1877 Salford by-election

The 1877 Salford by-election was fought on 19 April 1877. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Edward Cawley. It was won by the Conservative candidate Oliver Ormerod Walker.
1877 Salford by-election (1 seat) :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Conservative | Oliver Ormerod Walker | 8,642 | 50.8 | N/A |
| | Liberal | Joseph Kay | 8,372 | 49.2 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 270 | 1.6 | +1.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 17,014 | 77.2 | +5.4 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 22,041 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | 0.0 | |
# Flora Perfetti

Flora Perfetti (born 29 January 1969) is an Italian tennis player. On 21 April 1997 she reached her highest WTA singles ranking at No. 54 and 17 March of the same year reached her highest doubles ranking at No. 71.

## Biography

Flora started playing tennis when she was 6 and by the age of 9 her father had signed her up for tennis classes. At the age of 16 she won her first Italian team title at C.A. Faenza. At the age of 21 she won her first prize money ($10,000) at Riccione in a final against Ginevra Mugnaini. In 1997 she played the Fed Cup with Silvia Farina Elia, Gloria Pizzichini, and Francesca Lubiani with a 'big finish'. Throughout her career she has won 193 singles matches, 73 doubles matches and accumulated $425,684 in prize money to date. She now teaches at C.A. Faenza.

## ITF finals
### Singles (5–7)

* Legend
* $100,000 tournaments
* $75,000 tournaments
* $50,000 tournaments
* $25,000 tournaments
* $10,000 tournaments
| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Loss | 1. | 5 March 1990 | Valencia, Spain | Clay | Tang Min | 2–6, 6–0, 4–6 |
| Win | 2. | 22 April 1991 | Riccione, Italy | Clay | Ginevra Mugnaini | 6–1, 6–4 |
| Loss | 3. | 27 May 1991 | Brindisi, Italy | Clay | Inés Gorrochategui | 5–7, 3–6 |
| Win | 4. | 1 June 1992 | Brindisi, Italy | Clay | Luciana Tella | 7–5, 6–3 |
| Loss | 5. | 15 June 1992 | Milan, Italy | Clay | Emanuela Zardo | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 6. | 19 June 1994 | Sezze, Italy | Clay | Larissa Schaerer | 2–6, 3–6 |
| Win | 7. | 5 September 1994 | Spoleto, Italy | Clay | Stefania Pifferi | 3–6, 6–3, 6–1 |
| Win | 8. | 27 March 1995 | Reims, France | Clay | Marion Maruska | 6–4, 2–6, 7–5 |
| Loss | 9. | 2 December 1996 | Cergy-Pontoise, France | Hard | Anne-Gaëlle Sidot | 2–6, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 1–6 |
| Loss | 10. | 30 August 1999 | Fano, Italy | Clay | Daniela Hantuchová | 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 11. | 12 June 2000 | Grado, Italy | Clay | Gisela Riera | 2–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 12. | 10 September 2000 | Fano, Italy | Clay | Maja Matevžič | 6–3, 6–4 |

### Doubles (5–3)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Win | 1. | 6 November 1989 | Fez, Morocco | Clay | Lucie Korinkova | Petra Kemper Barbara Rittner | 6–1, 6–2 |
| Loss | 2. | 1 April 1991 | Bari, Italy | Clay | Jennifer Fuchs | Monika Kratochvílová Svetlana Krivencheva | 7–5, 2–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 3. | 17 August 1992 | Spoleto, Italy | Clay | Gloria Pizzichini | Sandra Dopfer Maja Živec-Škulj | 1–6, 6–2, 6–1 |
| Loss | 4. | 20 September 1993 | Capua, Italy | Clay | Francesca Romano | Ivana Jankovská Eva Melicharová | 3–6, 6–3, 6–7 |
| Win | 5. | 12 June 1994 | Caserta, Italy | Clay | Virág Csurgó | Mami Donoshiro Kyōko Nagatsuka | 6–1, 7–5 |
| Win | 6. | 5 September 1994 | Spoleto, Italy | Clay | Gabriella Boschiero | Emanuela Brusati Cristina Salvi | 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 7. | 18 March 1996 | Reims, France | Clay | Giulia Casoni | Siobhan Drake-Brockman Catherine Tanvier | 6–3, 4–6, 6–0 |
| Loss | 8. | 14 July 1996 | İstanbul, Turkey | Hard | Laura Garrone | Tina Križan Olga Lugina | 4–6, 2–6 |
# John E. Mason

John Enoch Mason (July 11, 1854 – December 5, 1910) was an American politician, lawyer and judge from Virginia who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly representing King George County, Virginia, and adjacent counties. As a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Mason represented King George and adjacent Stafford County from 1889 through 1894 and King George counties, and beginning in November 1895 through 1898, he represented King George county together with adjacent Richmond, Westmoreland, Northumberland and Lancaster counties.

## Early life

John Enoch Mason was born on July 11, 1854, at Edge Hill, Albemarle County, Virginia, to Maria Jefferson (née Randolph) and her husband Charles T. Mason, a Virginia state senator representing Stafford, King George and Prince William counties. At the time, his uncle Benjamin Franklin Randolph (1808-1870) was also serving in the Virginia senate, representing Albemarle County. His maternal grandfather was Thomas Jefferson Randolph, and his great-great-grandfather was Thomas Jefferson. His early education was at Locust Dale and Bethel Military Academy. During the American Civil War, he was too young to enlist, but another uncle, George W. Randolph represented the city of Richmond at the Virginia Secession convention and was the Confederate Secretary of war and also served in the Confederate Senate (1863-1865).
Mason studied at the University of Virginia, but did not graduate. He graduated from Columbian College with a Bachelor of Laws degree. He was admitted to the bar of King George County, Virginia, in September 1878.

## Career

After admission to the Virginia bar, Mason worked as a lawyer and served as a commonwealth attorney in King George County for three terms.
A Democrat, Mason won election and twice won re-election to the Virginia House of Delegates and represented King George and Stafford Counties, from December 4, 1889, to March 8, 1894. He then successfully ran for the Virginia Senate, and represented King George County together with the rest of the Northern Neck of Virginia (namely Richmond, Westmoreland, Northumberland and Lancaster counties), from December 4, 1895, to March 4, 1898. In 1898, fellow legislators elected Mason as a judge of the circuit court of the 10th district. After the re-organization of the judicial system under the new constitution, Mason was elected judge of the circuit court of the 15th district.

## Personal life

Mason married Kate K. Henry of Washington, D.C., in November 1885. They had two children, Flora R. and Thomas Jefferson. Mason was a member of the Episcopal Church and served as a vestryman of St. John's Church in King George, Virginia. He moved to Fredericksburg around 1905 and remodeled a home owned by the Marye family.
Mason died at his home in Fredericksburg on December 5, 1910. He was buried at St. John's Church in King George.
# Michael Karam

Michael Ramzi Karam (Arabic: ميشال كرم‎; born 1 May 1965 in London, England) is a British/Lebanese author and journalist. He is notably the author of Wines of Lebanon, and was involved in the production of the feature-length documentary, Wine and War.

## Career

Michael Karam began his career as a journalist in Beirut. He founded the listings magazine What's On in 1996 before moving to The Daily Star (Lebanon) in early 1998 as Features editor. Between 2002 and 2007, he was the editor of Executive, a Lebanese business magazine, before moving into political and corporate PR.
In 2007, he was appointed executive director of New Opinion Workshop and founded NowLebanon, the pro-democracy news and opinion website spawned by the 2005 Cedar Revolution, a post he held until 2012. His writings on politics, business, war and wine have appeared in The Spectator, The Times, Esquire, Decanter, Harpers Wine and Spirits Weekly and Monocle.
In 2005, his first book Wines of Lebanon, which won the 2005 Gourmand World Cookbook Award. His second book, Arak And Mezze: The Taste of Lebanon is about Lebanon's national drink and what best to eat with it. It was shortlisted for the Gourmand Award for Best Food and Travel Book 2007.
He is a contributor to The Oxford Companion to Wine, The World Atlas of Wine, Hugh Johnson’s Pocket Wine Book and The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia.
He has also written Château Ksara: 150 years of wine making 1957-2007 and in October 2010, he published Michael Karam's Lebanese Wines 2011, a pocket paperback and first comprehensive guide to all the Lebanese wines currently on the market.
Prior to his journalistic career, he worked for some time as an English literature teacher at the International College in Beirut.

### Collaborations

In 2011, he began working with Dr Patrick McGovern from University of Pennsylvania and other experts to compile Tears of Bacchus: A History of Winemaking in the Middle East and Beyond, which was published in 2020.
# Berber Canadians

Berber Canadians are Canadian citizens of Berber descent or persons of Berber descent residing in Canada.

## Demography
### Population

According to the 2011 Census there were 25,885 Canadians who claimed Berber ancestry.

### Religion

Berber Canadian demography by religion :
| Religious group | 2021 | 2021 |
| Religious group | Pop. | % |
| Islam | 32,490 | 77.91% |
| Irreligion | 8,180 | 19.62% |
| Christianity | 765 | 1.83% |
| Judaism | 130 | 0.31% |
| Buddhism | 10 | 0.02% |
| Other | 125 | 0.3% |
| Total Berber Canadian population | 41,700 | 100% |
# Salvador Ragusa

Salvador Armando Ragusa (born 14 April 1945) is an Argentine football manager.
He managed clubs in Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador as well as Herediano in Costa Rica.
He hails from Rosario. While being a fan of Rosario Central, he started his manager career in Central Córdoba de Rosario in 1989. Ragusa also spent several years managing clubs in Córdoba including Instituto, Talleres and Racing. Among others, he led Talleres to promotion from the 1993–94 Primera B Nacional, but left thereafter due to disagreements with "the leaders".
Taking over Altos Hornos Zapla during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, Ragusa claimed that he was attacked by barras bravas members in the winter of 2021. "Never in my life have they come to press me at my home with knives", Ragusa stated to Channel 4, but he "decided to stay at the club until the tournament was over".
# Valentina Popova (table tennis)

Valentina Ivanovna Popova (Russian: Валентина Ивановна Попова) (born 21 November 1960 in Sumgait) is a former Soviet, and then Slovak, international table tennis player.

## Table tennis career

From 1976 to 1994, she won 18 medals at the Table Tennis European Championships. At the European Championships in 1984, she won all four possible gold medals (singles, team (USSR), doubles (with Narine Antonyan), and mixed doubles (with Jacques Secretin), becoming the second ever absolute European women table tennis champion (Zoja Rudnova was the first one to do that in 1970).
She is a multiple USSR National champion - six times in singles, five times in doubles, and three times in mixed doubles.
# Thangjing Temple, Moirang

Thangjing Temple (Meitei: ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯪ), also known as Ibudhou Thangjing Temple is an ancient temple dedicated to the god Thangjing (Meitei: ꯊꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ), the ancient national deity of Keke Moirang (in modern day Moirang). The best time to visit the temple is from May to July during the onset of the traditional music and dance religious festival of Lai Haraoba. It attracts many tourists every year, including historians and archaeologists.
According to legend, temple is the place where the Khamba Thoibi Jagoi dance was first performed.
# Alpeite

Alpeite (IMA symbol: Apt) is a calcium manganese magnesium silicate mineral with the chemical formula Ca$_4$Mn$^{3+}$$_2$Al$_2$(Mn$^{3+}$Mg)(SiO$_4$)$_2$(Si$_3$O$_{10}$)(V$^{5+}$O$_4$)(OH)$_6$. It is named for its type locality, the Monte Alpe mine in Italy.
# Mod n cryptanalysis

In cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers. It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness in how the cipher operates over equivalence classes (congruence classes) modulo n. The method was first suggested in 1999 by John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and David Wagner and applied to RC5P (a variant of RC5) and M6 (a family of block ciphers used in the FireWire standard). These attacks used the properties of binary addition and bit rotation modulo a Fermat prime.

## Mod 3 analysis of RC5P

For RC5P, analysis was conducted modulo 3. It was observed that the operations in the cipher (rotation and addition, both on 32-bit words) were somewhat biased over congruence classes mod 3. To illustrate the approach, consider left rotation by a single bit:
    $X\lll 1=\left\{{\begin{matrix}2X,&{\mbox{if }}X<2^{31}\\2X+1-2^{32},&{\mbox{if }}X\geq 2^{31}\end{matrix}}\right.$
Then, because
    $2^{32}\equiv 1{\pmod {3}},\,$
it follows that
    $X\lll 1\equiv 2X{\pmod {3}}.$
Thus left rotation by a single bit has a simple description modulo 3. Analysis of other operations (data dependent rotation and modular addition) reveals similar, notable biases. Although there are some theoretical problems analysing the operations in combination, the bias can be detected experimentally for the entire cipher. In (Kelsey et al., 1999), experiments were conducted up to seven rounds, and based on this they conjecture that as many as 19 or 20 rounds of RC5P can be distinguished from random using this attack. There is also a corresponding method for recovering the secret key.
Against M6 there are attacks mod 5 and mod 257 that are even more effective.
# Thomas Knotts

Thomas Elwood Knotts (1861–1921) was the first mayor of the city of Gary, Indiana, serving from 1909 to 1913, after having previously served as head of the Gary town board from 1906 to 1909. He was also Gary's first postmaster. His business ventures included the Gary Evening Post, later merged into the Gary Post-Tribune, and the Gary Trust & Savings Bank, both of which he founded in 1909.
Knotts was born in Highland County, Ohio, in 1861, and subsequently graduated from Valparaiso University. He was the brother of Armanis Knotts, an early mayor of Hammond, Indiana. Prior to taking up the administration of Gary, he served as Superintendent of the Indian Schools in South Dakota during the presidency of Grover Cleveland, moving to Hammond in 1891, where he combined local entrepreneurship with various positions in the Hammond police department.
A Democrat and longtime supporter of organized labor, Knotts became a leading member of the "town forces" in a struggle against US Steel for political control of the city. Knotts was defeated in the 1913 election by the company-backed Republican candidate, Roswell Johnson.
Knotts died on March 26, 1921, in Rochester, Minnesota, following surgery.

## Works cited

* Howat, William Frederick (1915). A standard history of Lake County, Indiana, and the Calumet region, Volume 1.
* Lane, James B. (1979). City of the century: a history of Gary, Indiana. ISBN 0-253-11187-0.
# Hop House 13

Hop House 13 is an Irish lager produced by the Guinness Brewery, an Irish brewing company owned by Diageo.

## Background

Hop House 13 is brewed by the Guinness Brewers Project, which also manufactures Guinness Dublin Porter, Guinness West Indies Porter and Guinness Golden Ale. The beer is named after a hop store building at St James Gate that existed in the early 20th century. It was influenced by the craft beer industry which had become successful.

## Flavour

Hop House 13 is a double-hopped lager brewed with barley, Guinness yeast, Australian Galaxy and Topaz hops, and American Mosaic hops.
It is described as having a fruity aroma including tastes of apricot and peach, having a full-flavoured taste that is crisp and hoppy without being bitter. It has a golden amber colour with an ivory white head. Hop House 13 is 4.1% alcohol by volume, though it can be 5% in certain markets. In the United Kingdom, it has just been downgraded to 4.6% ABV from 5% ABV.

## Distribution

Hop House 13 was first produced in Ireland in 2015. It was launched with an interactive experience show which included a tour of the brewery and tasting workshops. It was a success, and the beer was ordered by numerous publicans immediately after launch. Hop House 13 was subsequently exported to the UK, and then worldwide. A year after being announced, it was available in 1,000 pubs and other licensed premises in the UK, as well as off-trade bottles being shipped in supermarkets. The beer was heavily promoted with a multi-million pound advertising campaign in 2016, including adverts on YouTube and other social media websites.
Partly as a result of strong sales of Hop House 13, sales of Guinness products in Europe increased by 2%. In 2019, Diageo announced the beer would be sold in South Korea. Diageo discontinued Hop House 13 in Great Britain in 2021 following falling sales in comparison to Guinness.
# Valentina Prudskova

Valentina Aleksandrovna Prudskova (Russian: Валентина Александровна Прудскова; 27 December 1938 – 23 August 2020) was a Soviet fencer. She won gold in the women's team foil event at the 1960 Summer Olympics and a silver in the same event at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
Prudskova's mother, Zinaida Nikolaevna Prudskova, was a farmer and housewife. Her father, Aleksandr Petrovich Prudskov, worked at railways and fought in the Winter War and World War II; he died of pneumonia in 1950, aged 40. Shortly after that, his family moved from Yershov to Saratov, where Prudskova started training in fencing, together with her cousin. Her career advanced in 1954 when she won her first national title.
Prudskova was a member of the Soviet foil team from 1957 to 1966. During those years she won four gold and two silver team medals at the world championships, as well as one individual bronze. In 1962 she graduated from Saratov State Technical University with a degree in metal processing and then until 1969 worked at a metalworking plant in Saratov. After that she coached fencing at a sport school. She was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour and Medal "For Labour Valour".
Prudskova had a daughter, Marina, who worked as an arts teacher.
# Tashan District

Tashan District (Persian: بخش تشان) is in Behbahan County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Tashan.

## History

After the 2011 National Census, the village of Mashhad merged with several villages to become the city of Tashan.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 13,829 in 2,855 households. The following census in 2011 counted 13,312 people in 3,254 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 12,009 inhabitants in 3,331 households.

### Administrative divisions

Tashan District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Tashan-e Gharbi RD | 4,173 | 4,153 | 3,353 |
| Tashan-e Sharqi RD | 9,656 | 9,159 | 4,375 |
| Tashan (city) | | | 4,281 |
| Total | 13,829 | 13,312 | 12,009 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Serena Altschul

Serena Altschul (born October 13, 1970) is an American broadcast journalist, known for her work at MTV News and CBS.

## Early life and education

Altschul was born in New York City to Siri von Reis, an author and botanist, and Arthur Altschul, a member of the Lehman banking family. Her mother was of half-Finnish and half-Swedish ancestry and her father was of German Jewish ancestry. After her parents divorced, two-year-old Serena and two of her siblings, Arthur Goodhart Altschul Jr. and Emily Altschul (Miller), grew up living with their mother.
Her half-brothers are Charles Altschul and Stephen Altschul from her father's previous marriage.
Altschul attended Scripps College for a few years; she studied English literature but did not graduate. In 1993, while still in college, she was the associate producer of The Last Party, a political documentary.

## Career

After school, she worked for two years at Channel One News, a channel which was seen nationwide in high schools, as an anchor/reporter. In 1987 she landed a job at MTV and in January 1996 she started working for MTV News.
She also hosted shows such as MTV News: UNfiltered, Breaking it Down and hosted and produced True Life. From 2002 to 2003 Altschul worked at CNN. She was the host and producer of a CNN special about the return of PCP. She continued to work for MTV News while at CNN. On December 23, 2003, she was named a CBS News contributing correspondent. Since 2013 she has appeared on CBS Sunday Morning. She played herself on Jay-Z's 1999 song, "Dope Man". She appeared as herself in the films Light It Up, Queen of the Damned, and Josie and the Pussycats.

## Awards

* Edward R. Murrow Award – Sports Reporting 2007
# 1878 Down by-election

The 1878 Down by-election was fought on 17 May 1878. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Liberal MP, James Sharman Crawford. It was won by the Conservative candidate Viscount Castlereagh Charles Vane Tempest.
# Bettina Sabatini

Bettina Sabatini (born 21 March 1966 in Aalborg, Denmark) is a retired female marathon runner from Italy.
She represented her native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, where she ended up in 23rd place in the women's marathon race. She set her personal best (2:30:29) in 1991. She has 6 caps in national team from 1988 to 1994.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Italy ||||||
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 23rd | Marathon | 2:50:09 |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | — | Marathon | DNF |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 21st | Marathon | 2:34.46 |
| 2003 | Florence Marathon | Florence, Italy | 1st | Marathon | 2:33:51 |