OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lijstduwer

Lijstduwer (Dutch pronunciation: ; 'list pusher') is a Dutch term for the last candidate on a party list.
In Suriname, the Netherlands and Belgium, this position is often taken by well-known non-politicians such as artists, celebrities and sportspeople. They are official candidates, but they are put at the end of the party list. Since this is generally an unelectable position, accepting nomination as a lijstduwer is considered to be an endorsement of that specific party with the intent of attracting more votes for the party on account of their reputation and popularity in their field, while precluding any concerns regarding such nominal candidates' competence as lawmakers. In local elections, ordinary people who are well-known in the community might also act as lijstduwer.
Given that these electoral systems use open list party-list proportional representation, votes cast to the lijstduwer add up to the total number of votes, and hence seats for the party. The candidate is not likely to become a member of the elected body due to the low placement on the list, and generally rejects the position if they gather enough preference votes for a full seat (which they can claim under the Dutch system). There can be more than one lijstduwer. How many members on the list can be considered lijstduwer varies. In the broader definition, candidates who are lower on the list than the number of seats a party is likely to win, are considered lijstduwers.
In Israel, which uses a closed list nationwide proportional representation system, the tradition of choosing elder statesmen and celebrities as candidates in the lowest places of the list also exists, but without a special term.
As some local elections in Germany have cumulative voting and panachage the last place on the party list is sometimes given to a more prominent or high-profile candidate for similar reasons to the phenomenon in the Netherlands.
In Spain, most national constituencies are small enough that the last candidate in the list has a decent chance of being elected, either directly or as a replacement in case the main candidate resigns mid-term. But in the biggest constituencies, such as Madrid or Barcelona, where there are so many seats that no single party will reasonably fill them all up, or in local and regional elections, which are often conducted with a single list of dozens or even over a hundred candidates, this practice is sometimes used to attract attention. For instance, football coach Pep Guardiola acted as the closing candidate for the pro-independence party Junts pel Sí in the Barcelona constituency list for the 2015 Catalan regional election
Well-known national politicians can act as lijstduwer on the list for the European and municipal elections.

## Notable lijstduwers in Dutch general elections

* People's Party for Freedom and Democracy: Maarten van der Weijden
* Labour Party: Foppe de Haan
* Christian Democratic Appeal: Wiljan Vloet
* GroenLinks: Ineke van Gent
* Party for the Animals and Forum for Democracy: Paul Cliteur
* Democrats 66: Kajsa Ollongren
# Charles W. Gilchrist

Charles W. Gilchrist (November 12, 1936 - June 24, 1999) was an American politician and lawyer. He received degrees from Williams College magna cum laude in 1958 and Harvard Law School in 1961 and was admitted into the Maryland Bar in 1962. He was active in many civic and political organizations, including the D.C. Bar Association and the Democratic Central Committee, and served as a Maryland state senator. In 1978 he was elected as County Executive after the retirement of James P. Gleason. He died on June 24, 1999, of pancreatic cancer at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Tenure as Montgomery County Executive

Gilchrist took office in 1978 after defeating his Republican opponent, Richmond M. Keeney with a margin of more than 3 to 2 and then became the first Democrat to be elected county executive in Montgomery.
Gilchrist's administration was marked by housing problems and a sewer moratorium, pressure to control spending, a reorganization of County government to make it more centralized, and controversies over appointments. He was able to hold property tax raises to the level of or below inflation, and survive questions over his appointments, some of which led to the "Liquorgate" scandal, which he also survived. He was able to expand social services while holding down the size of government, and oversaw the opening of the Ride-On bus system, the Laytonsville landfill, and the incinerator at Dickerson, which had been planned during the Gleason administration.
In 1984 he announced his retirement after the 1986 election to devote his life to the Episcopal priesthood. Sidney Kramer, the candidate whom he supported to succeed him, won over his opponent by a 7 to 4 margin despite being relatively unknown.

## In memoriam

The Gilchrist Center for Cultural Diversity in Wheaton, Maryland is named after him. Opened on September 8, 2001, the center provides services to an increasing immigrant population in Montgomery County. On April 21, 2006, the Montgomery County Campus of Johns Hopkins University renamed the main building in honor of Gilchrist citing his role in the creation of the Shady Grove Life Sciences Center where the campus is located.
In 1990, as the associate pastor of St. Margaret's Episcopal Church, Rev. Charles Gilchrist started "Desayuno y Dialogue", a breakfast program for the homeless and poor in the Washington, DC neighborhoods of Dupont Circle, Adams Morgan, Columbia Heights and Mount Pleasant. The program was renamed Charlie's Place in 1999 to honor his hard work and commitment to the poor. Charlie's Place continues today, serving breakfast 4 days a week and providing a myriad of aid.
# Grenivíkurvöllur

Grenivíkurvöllur (lit. 'Grenivík Field' or more precisely 'Grenivík Stadium') is a multi-use stadium in Grenivík, Iceland. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Magni Grenivík. Its capacity is around 1100.
# John Maynard (New York politician)

John Maynard (January 8, 1786 in Frederick County, Maryland – March 24, 1850 in Auburn) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.

## Life

Maynard graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1810. Then he studied law, and was admitted to the bar and commenced practice at Seneca Falls, New York. He was Clerk of Seneca County from 1821 to 1825. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Seneca Co.) in 1822.
Maynard was elected as an Adams man to the 20th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1827, to March 3, 1829. He was D.A. of Seneca County in 1836 and 1837. He was a member of the New York State Senate (7th D.) from 1838 to 1841, sitting in the 61st, 62nd, 63rd and 64th New York State Legislatures. He resigned his seat on March 4, 1841.
Maynard was elected as a Whig to the 27th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1841, to March 3, 1843.
He moved to Auburn, and was a justice of the New York Supreme Court (7th D.) from 1847 until his death. In 1850, he was ex officio a judge of the New York Court of Appeals.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "John Maynard (id: M000285)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byDudley Marvin, Robert S. Rose | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 26th congressional district 1827–1829 with Dudley Marvin | Succeeded byJehiel H. Halsey, Robert S. Rose |
| New York State Senate |||
| Preceded byThomas Armstrong | New York State Senate Third District (Class 3) 1838–1841 | Succeeded byWilliam Bartlit |
| U.S. House of Representatives |||
| Preceded byTheron R. Strong | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 25th congressional district 1841–1843 | Succeeded byGeorge O. Rathbun |
# Samang

Samang (Persian: سمنگ; also known as Samangan) is a village in Dadenjan Rural District, Meymand District, Firuzabad County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 105, in 21 families.
# Ellis County Courthouse (Oklahoma)

The Ellis County Courthouse on the Town Square in Arnett, Oklahoma was built in 1912. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
It was designed by New York City architect P. H. Weathers.
It is a brick courthouse which was originally two stories with a hipped roof. The roof was removed in the 1930s and a third floor was added to serve as the county jail.
It was important historically as settling a county seat war.
# Harriet Tytler

Harriet Christina Tytler (née Earle; 3 October 1828 – 24 November 1907) was a British artist, writer, and a pioneer photographer. With her husband Robert Christopher Tytler, she created over 300 photographs. She is known for the documentation of monuments and the Siege of Delhi.

## Early life

Tytler was born in Sikraura, Bahraich, India, where her father was an officer in the 3rd Bengal Native Infantry.
In her autobiography An Englishwoman in India Harriet records in detail her experiences as a child in various military stations to which her father was transferred. In 1831 she was sent with two of her siblings to England, where she lived in Birmingham with her aunt and uncle. She returned to India at the age of seventeen. On 2 March 1848 she married Major Robert Christopher Tytler, whose wife had died fourteen months earlier. Their son, Major-General Sir Harry Tytler, followed his father into the Indian Army.

## Experiences in India

The Tytlers were introduced to photography by Felix Beato and Dr John Murray of Agra. In May 1857 the couple were resident in the military cantonments outside Delhi, where Robert Tytler's regiment, the 38th Bengal Native Infantry was one of the first to mutiny during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Because she was heavily pregnant, Harriet was allowed to stay on and was the only British woman present at the Siege of Delhi. She later gave birth in a donkey cart while escaping to safer areas. They named this third child Stanley Delhi-Force Tytler.
From 1862 to 1864 she lived in the Andaman Islands where her husband was posted as a Superintendent of the Ross Island Penal Colony, a penal settlement which was established mainly to house prisoners from the 1857 mutiny. The region around a 1,100 foot high hill in the South Andamans, which was named after her as Mount Harriet (now known as Mount Manipur), was cleared of forest by Tytler. The area is now protected as the Mount Harriet National Park. Tytler's tenure in the Andamans was short and they moved to Simla. In Simla, Harriet founded an Asiatic Christian Orphanage.
She died in Simla on 24 November 1907.

## Photography and artwork

Harriet's photographic work is mixed with those of her husband. Some pictures bear the "S.C.T." which have been identified as standing for her son Stanley. Many of her photographs are included in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada and the Harrison D. Horblit Collection of Early Photography. Although never having painted before she began work on a large canvas of 6x18 feet, to depict from memory the palace of the Emperor of Delhi as a cyclorama. She completed this work in 1872, following the death of Robert. Harriet kept a diary and her memoirs were published in 1986 as An Englishwoman in India. Her son Stanley grew up in Australia and became an artist of repute. He moved to British Columbia where he was a founding member of the B.C. Society of Fine Arts in 1909.
# Ray Chaisson

Raymond C. Chaisson (June 23, 1918 – June 17, 1983) was an ice hockey player. Chaisson played professionally in the Eastern Hockey League and Pacific Coast Hockey League. He was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1974.

## Career

Chaisson attended Boston College in the 1940s where his jersey was retired and he was inducted into the Boston College Hall of Fame.
# Clinical Hospital Dubrava

Clinical Hospital Dubrava (Croatian: Klinička bolnica Dubrava) is a public teaching hospital in Zagreb, Croatia.

## History

Clinical Hospital Dubrava was originally planned and built for the needs of the Yugoslav People's Army to be a large military hospital with up to 800 beds. Designed as a Level I trauma and acute care center, Clinical Hospital Dubrava would have been one of the top hospitals for medical care in the region. With the start of hostilities in Croatia at the beginning of 1991, work on the hospital almost came to an abrupt halt, but with assistance from the Croatian health care system, work on the hospital was completed by the end of 1992 when it opened as a public health care medical facility offering 750 beds. Currently, the hospital has 680~ contracted hospital beds. Clinical Hospital Dubrava is a level 1 acute trauma center and referral medical center, one of several in Zagreb (the other being Rebro, and Vinogradska Hospitals).
There are plans to enlarge the current hospital by an additional 300 beds by extending it over what is currently the ground floor labs and research facilities and adding 7 floors. Plans call for a new surgical wing and additional labs and hospital wards.
Currently the hospital is among the best medical facilities in the country, ranked 3rd nationwide by number and scope of treatments and specialists. Currently, the hospital has a total area of 80,470 m$^2$ (866,200 sq ft) and serves mainly the eastern Zagreb boroughs, annually performing 18,000 major surgical/medical procedures and 1.4 million other medical treatments for a population of 280,000 residents.
On 2 November 2020, Clinical Hospital Dubrava became a dedicated COVID-19 hospital.
# Nouakchott-Nord (National Assembly district)

Nouakchott-Nord (Arabic: نواكشوط الشمالية) is one of the 60 electoral districts represented in the National Assembly. The constituency currently elects 7 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Mauritanian wilaya of Nouakchott-Nord. The electoral system uses the largest remainder method and a closed-list proportional representation, with no minimum threshold.

## Historic representation

Historic composition of the district :
| Key to parties  Hope Mauritania  Sawab–RAG  AND  UDP  El Insaf  Tewassoul |||
| Legislature | Election | Distribution |
| 10th | 2023 | 1 1 1 1 2 1 |

### List of deputies

| Legislature | Member | Party |
| 10th | Ahmed Jiddou Zein Limane | El Insaf |
| 10th | Zeine Alabidine El Mounir Toulba | El Insaf |
| 10th | Isselkou Mohamed Salem Bahah | Tewassoul |
| 10th | Cheikh Mohamed Abderrahmane Moine | AND |
| 10th | Abd Selam Horma Horma | Sawab–RAG |
| 10th | Mohamed Lemine El Moctar Sidi Maouloud | Hope Mauritania |
| 10th | Mohamed El Moctar Sidi Zoghmane | UDP |

## Election results
### 2023

Parliamentary Election 2023: Nouakchott-Nord :
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | El Insaf | 17,473 | 27.63 | 2 |
| | National Rally for Reform and Development | 9,639 | 15.24 | 1 |
| | National Democratic Alliance | 4,030 | 6.37 | 1 |
| | Democratic Alternation Pole (Sawab–RAG) | 3,122 | 4.94 | 1 |
| | Hope Mauritania | 2,758 | 4.36 | 1 |
| | Union for Democracy and Progress | 2,705 | 4.28 | 1 |
| | El Islah | 2,424 | 3.83 | 0 |
| | State of Justice | 1,550 | 2.45 | 0 |
| | Party of Unity and Development | 1,523 | 2.41 | 0 |
| | National Cohesion for Rights and the Construction of Generations | 1,511 | 2.39 | 0 |
| | Rally of Democratic Forces | 1,437 | 2.27 | 0 |
| | El Ravah | 1,415 | 2.24 | 0 |
| | Party of Construction and Progress | 1,310 | 2.07 | 0 |
| | Party of the Mauritanian Masses | 1,223 | 1.93 | 0 |
| | Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal | 1,202 | 1.90 | 0 |
| | People's Progressive Alliance | 1,163 | 1.84 | 0 |
| | El Vadila | 1,157 | 1.83 | 0 |
| | Union of the Forces of Progress | 1,137 | 1.80 | 0 |
| | Mauritanian Party of Union and Change | 912 | 1.44 | 0 |
| | Burst of Youth for the Nation | 898 | 1.42 | 0 |
| | El Karama | 783 | 1.24 | 0 |
| | Party of Conciliation and Prosperity | 690 | 1.09 | 0 |
| | Nida El Watan | 658 | 1.04 | 0 |
| | Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal | 619 | 0.98 | 0 |
| | Centre through Action for Progress | 458 | 0.72 | 0 |
| Blank votes | Blank votes | 1,433 | 2.27 | – |
| Total | Total | 63,230 | 100.00 | 7 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 63,230 | 85.95 | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 10,334 | 14.05 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 73,564 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 120,387 | 61.11 | |
| Source: National Independent Election Commission |||||
# Homer, Indiana

Homer (also Goddard or Slabtown) is an unincorporated community in central Walker Township, Rush County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. Although Homer is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 46146.

## History

Homer was originally called Slabtown, and under the latter name had its start around 1850 when a sawmill was established at that point.
A post office was established under the name Goddard in 1840 and was discontinued in 1852. Another post office with the name Homer ran from 1854 to 2000.
Beginning in 1967, the village became the site for many workshops for Rush County youth. Elementary children through high schoolers attended summer weekend camps in drama, speech, history, woodworking, photography, fitness, and creative writing. Hundreds of children in the 1960s and into the 1980s spent part of their summers here. The boys slept in shuttered trains cars while the girls camped in a nearby barn and later in the basement of the Homer Federated Church.

## Geography

It lies along State Road 44, west-southwest of the city of Rushville, the county seat of Rush County.

## Demographics

The United States Census Bureau delineated Homer as a census designated place in the 2022 American Community Survey.

## Notable people

* Marjorie Pebworth, Illinois legislator, was born in Homer.
# Silicon Valley (disambiguation)

Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States.
Silicon Valley may also refer to:

## Places

* Silicon Valley of China (disambiguation)
* Silicon Valley of India, nickname of the Indian city of Bangalore
* Silicon Valley of Turkey, proposed project for the Turkish version of the Silicon Valley
* Silicon Valley North, used to describe Ottawa, Canada, during the dot com boom of the 1990s

## Other uses

* Silicon Valley (TV series), 2014 American television sitcom
* Space Station Silicon Valley, a console game
* Silicon Valley Computer Group Philippines, a computer retail store in the Philippines
# Lanke

Lanke may refer to:
* Lanke, manor by Bogensee, Brandenburg, Germany, once owned by Joseph Goebbels
* Lanke Cup, Chinese Go competition
* Krumme Lanke, a lake near Berlin
* Lanké, a village in the Kara Region of Togo
* Lånke Municipality, a former municipality in the old Nord-Trøndelag county, Norway
* Ola T. Lånke (born 1948), Norwegian politician
* Lanke (film), a 2021 Indian Kannada-language action drama film
# Richard Harland (biologist)

Richard M. Harland FRS is CH Li Distinguished Professor of Genetics, Genomics and Development at the University of California, Berkeley.

## Education

Harland completed his PhD at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) at the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Ron Laskey on regulation of DNA replication in Xenopus embryos.

## Career and research

Following postdoctoral work at the LMB and at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center with Harold M. Weintraub and Steve McKnight in Seattle he moved to the University of California, Berkeley in 1985.
Harland's research aims to understand early developmental biology of vertebrates at the molecular level. Major contributions include understanding the early embryo, and the induction and patterning of the neural plate and the Spemann-Mangold organizer.

### Awards and honours

Harland was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2019 for "substantial contributions to the improvement of natural knowledge". He was also elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States in 2014.
# Nucleus raphe obscurus

The nucleus raphe obscurus is one of the medullary raphe nuclei. It is located caudal to the nucleus raphe magnus. The nucleus raphe obscurus projects to the cerebellar lobes VI and VII and to crus II along with the nucleus raphe pontis.
The nucleus raphes obscurus has also been implicated in the modulation of the hypoglossal nerve. It has been observed that the ablation of this nucleus causes a change in the firing pattern of this cranial nerve.
In addition, the nucleus raphe obscurus mediates expiration via the effect of serotonin and depresses periodic synaptic potentials. It has also been shown that this nucleus stimulates gastrointestinal motor function; microinjections of 5-HT into the nucleus raphe obscurus increase gastric movement.
# Chris Harvey (ice hockey)

Christopher T. Harvey (born December 8, 1967) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who was an All-American for Brown.

## Career

Harvey was a four-year starter for Brown, twice being named team MVP. after his first MVP honor, he was selected by the Boston Bruins in the NHL Supplemental Draft, being 21 years old at the time. Brown went through a dreadful season while Harvey was a junior, with the team winning just one game. Both he and the team rebounded in 1990 and Harvey was named as an All-American for the vast improvement.
After graduating, Harvey began his professional career. He spent the bulk of his time in the ECHL and retired as a player in 1994.
Harvey was inducted into the Brown Athletic Hall of Fame in 1997.

## Statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | W | L | T | MIN | GA | SO | GAA | SV% | GP | W | L | MIN | GA | SO | GAA | SV% |
| 1985–86 | St. Marys Lincolns | WOHL | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1986–87 | Brown | ECAC Hockey | 22 | — | — | — | 1239 | 88 | 0 | 4.26 | .885 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1987–88 | Brown | ECAC Hockey | 22 | — | — | — | 1236 | 104 | 0 | 5.05 | .887 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1988–89 | Brown | ECAC Hockey | 23 | 1 | 22 | 0 | 1327 | 131 | 0 | 5.92 | .849 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1989–90 | Brown | ECAC Hockey | 28 | 10 | 15 | 3 | 1646 | 107 | 1 | 3.90 | .904 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1990–91 | Maine Mariners | AHL | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 149 | 8 | 0 | 3.22 | .908 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1990–91 | Johnstown Chiefs | ECHL | 31 | 11 | 13 | 2 | 1606 | 113 | 1 | 4.22 | .897 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | Johnstown Chiefs | ECHL | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 193 | 12 | 0 | 4.04 | .878 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | Nashville Knights | ECHL | 20 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 956 | 68 | 0 | 4.27 | .901 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1991–92 | Raleigh IceCaps | ECHL | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 305 | 24 | 0 | 4.72 | .873 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1992–93 | Erie Panthers | ECHL | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 67 | 13 | 0 | 11.64 | .594 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1993–94 | Brantford Smoke | CoHL | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 170 | 16 | 0 | 5.63 | .857 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| NCAA totals | NCAA totals | NCAA totals | 95 | — | — | — | 5448 | 430 | 1 | 4.74 | .883 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ECHL totals | ECHL totals | ECHL totals | 62 | 21 | 24 | 4 | 3127 | 230 | 1 | 4.41 | .891 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |
| All-ECAC Hockey Second Team | 1989–90 |
| AHCA East Second-Team All-American | 1989–90 |