OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Seamus Rafter

Seamus Rafter (24 January 1873 – 12 September 1918) was an Irishman who launched the Gaelic League in Enniscorthy, Wexford. He was a commander in the Wexford Brigade of the Irish Republican Brotherhood during the failed 1916 Easter Rising in Enniscorthy.

## Career

Rafter was born in Monalee, Ballindaggin, Ireland. After the 1916 Rebellion in Enniscorthy, he was incarcerated in England at Dartmoor prison and sentenced to death; this sentence was later commuted to five years' imprisonment.
After about one year, the rebels were released, and Rafter continued to recruit volunteers for his cause. He died on September the 12th 1918, of wounds he received from an accidental detonation of explosives he was manufacturing in his business premises which was intended to be used against the British forces. He was waked in Enniscorthy Cathedral, and a parade of Irish Volunteers and the public marched to his last resting place in Ballindaggin Cemetery, five miles from Enniscorthy. A commemoration of his life was held in 1949.

## Commemoration

In 1958, a granite statue of Rafter, representing participants in the Easter Rising, was erected in the Abbey Square in Enniscorthy.
Séamus Rafter Bridge in Enniscorthy, built in 1991, was named for him. As was Rafter Street, also in Enniscorthy.
# Hen na Chishiki ni Kuwashii Kanojo Takayukashiki Sōko-san

Hen na Chishiki ni Kuwashii Kanojo Takayukashiki Sōko-san (変な知識に詳しい彼女 高床式草子さん) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ohana-chan. It was serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Magazine from January 2018 to March 2020.

## Publication

Written and illustrated by Ohana-chan, Hen na Chishiki ni Kuwashii Kanojo Takayukashiki Sōko-san was serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Magazine from January 22, 2018, to March 9, 2020. Kodansha collected its chapters in five tankōbon volumes, released from September 6, 2018, to May 7, 2020.

### Volumes

| No. | Japanese release date | Japanese ISBN |
| 1 | September 6, 2018 | 978-4-06-512824-4 |
| 2 | February 6, 2019 | 978-4-06-514510-4 |
| 3 | June 6, 2019 | 978-4-06-515743-5 |
| 4 | November 6, 2019 | 978-4-06-517732-7 |
| 5 | May 7, 2020 | 978-4-06-519552-9 |
# NGC 1808

NGC 1808 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the southern constellation of Columba, about two degrees to the south and east of Gamma Caeli. It was discovered on 10 May 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop, who described it as a "faint nebula". The galaxy is a member of the NGC 1808 group, which is part of the larger Dorado Group.
The morphological classification of this galaxy is (R)SAB(s)a, which indicates a spiral galaxy with a weak-bar around the nucleus (SAB), no ring around the bar (s), an outer ring (R), and tightly-wound spiral arms (a). It is inclined by an angle of 57° to the line of sight from the Earth, with the long axis oriented at a position angle of 324°. The disk of gas and stars shows a noticeable warp, and there is a pronounced asymmetry in the distribution of neutral hydrogen and H II regions.
The core region contains a suspected weak active galactic nucleus plus a circumnuclear ring containing star clusters and supernova remnants at a distance of ~280 pc from the center. These form a ring of peculiar "hot spots". It was formerly identified as a possible Seyfert galaxy, but evidence now points to starburst activity in a ~500 pc radius around the center. A probable outflow of gas is directed to the north-east from the nucleus, forming prominent dust lanes. The high level of star formation in this galaxy and the nearby NGC 1792 may indicate a recent, distant tidal interaction between the two.
One supernova has been observed in NGC 1808: SN 1993af (type Ia, mag. 17) was discovered by Marina Wischnjewsky on 15 November 1993 at 220″ east and 94″ north of the galactic nucleus.

## Image Gallery

* A Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 1808 taken using WFPC2
# Pakistan at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics

Pakistan competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea. One athlete was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Preliminaries | Heats | Heats | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank | Time Width Height | Rank |
| Farhan Ahmad | 800 metres | | | 1:50.14 PB | 37 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Ninildu

Ninildu (Sumerian: 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒅆𒉄𒁍, Nin-IGI.NAĜAR.BU; also read Ninduluma) was a Mesopotamian god associated with carpentry. He was chiefly worshiped in the city of Zabalam and in its proximity. He appears in a number of literary texts, such as the Epic of Erra.

## Name and character

The oldest writing of the name is $^d$Nin-NAĜAR.BU, attested in the god lists from Abu Salabikh and Fara and in the Zame Hymns from the Early Dynastic period, though later on $^d$Nin-IGI.NAĜAR.BU was employed. A logographic writing, $^d$NAĜAR, is attested in the god list An = Anum. While the name is commonly rendered as Ninildu in Assyriological literature, the alternate reading Ninduluma has been proposed based on an unpublished incantation from Meturan, which reportedly uses a phonetic spelling. Jeremiah Peterson renders the name as Ninildum due to the presence of an apparent auslaut in a number of sources. It is agreed the deity was male.
Ninildu was associated with carpentry. One source (tablet K 3248) directly calls him ilu ša nāgarri, "the god of the carpenters." He could be called the "chief carpenter," or the "great carpenter of Anu."
An incantation states that Ninildu was one of the deities created by Ea with clay from the Apsu, and that he was tasked with the construction of temples alongside Ninsimug and Arazu. Lexical lists also attest the existence of a tradition in which he was equated with Enki (Ea), though it is agreed that it represented a secondary development. A Mîs-pî ritual refers to him as "Ea of the carpenters."

## Attestations

The worship of Ninildu in Zabalam is well attested in sources from the third millennium BCE, such as administrative texts from Umma. He also had a cult center in the direct proximity of the former of these two cities. Douglas Frayne states it was named Dulum, in accordance with the reading of the name of the god he uses. It might correspond to modern (Tell) Salbuḫ. In the third millennium BCE Ninildu is also attested in the names of two individuals from Adab and in a list of offerings from the Old Akkadian period which might have originated in the same city.
A text from the reign of Nabu-apla-iddina describing the preparation of a new statue of Shamash mentions Ninildu among the deities aiding Ea in the process, alongside Kusigbanda, Ninkurra and Ninzadim. In a first millennium BCE bilingual incantation from Assur, Ninildu is invoked alongside Ninagal during the production of a new royal throne. An inscription of Esarhaddon lists Ninildu among the deities connected to the rites of Ekazaginna, the temple of Ea in Babylon.
Literary texts describing Ninildu's functions include the Curse of Agade and the Epic of Erra. In the former, he is implored to hinder the growth of trees. According to the latter, he was equipped with a "glittering hatchet." In a late composition, known only from a copy found in Kuyunjik, Ninildu and Sirsir are responsible for constructing the boat of Enki.
# Braima Candé

Braima Candé (born 4 September 1995) is a Bissau-Guinean-born Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a right back for Armenian Premier League club West Armenia.

## Club career

On 26 March 2017, Candé made his professional debut with Kallithea in a Greece Football League match against OFI.
# Saint-Sorlin-en-Valloire

Saint-Sorlin-en-Valloire (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.
# Peggy Ovire

Peggy Ovire Enoho addressed commonly as Peggy is a Nigerian model, movie producer and actress who won the award for “Most Promising Actress Of The Year (English)” at the City People Entertainment Awards 2015 edition.

## Early life and education

Ovire hails from Ughelli in Delta State, Nigeria. She was born into a family of six children of which she was the last born child of her parents. Ovire was born in Lagos state where she has been living for most part of her life. Ovire attended Itire Nursery and Primary School in Surulere and AUD Secondary School which is also situated in Surulere, Lagos State. Ovire, for her post-secondary school education enrolled in Delta State University, Abraka but eventually would complete it at Ambrose Alli University where she obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Banking and Finance.

## Career

Ovire, before her debut into the Nigerian movie industry Nollywood, began her career as a model as she described in an interview with The Punch print media house. She further explained her first ever movie was one produced by Uche Nancy. Ovire’s movie career came into the limelight with her role in the TV series titled Husbands of Lagos. Ovire claimed the TV series brought her notability and she had become recognizable outside of her home country Nigeria. she was part of the cast crew in Rising Sun alongside Ifeanyi Kalu.

## Awards and nominations

* Ovire won the award for Most Promising Actress of the Year (English) at the 2015 City People Entertainment Awards.

## Movie production

In addition to being an actress and a model, Ovire is a film producer who has worked on films including Ufuoma, Fool Me Once, and The Other Woman.

## Selected filmography and TV series

* A Long Night (2015) as Teller 1
* Royal Switch (2015)
* Game Changer (2015)
* Husbands of Lagos (TV series) (2015-2017) as Isioma
* Playing with Heart
* Marry Me Yes or No
* The Apple of Discord
* Last Engagement
* Second Chances (2014) as Lolade
* Baby boy (2017)
* Ghetto bred (2018)
* Grey (2019) as Mitchel
* Loving Ellen (2020)
* 11th thought (2019) as Sandra
* A taste of grief (2019) as Nora
* Long shadow (2019) as Eva
* Hell proof (2020)
* For better for trouble (2021) as Nancy
* Eva (2021) as Lady D
* Rising Sun (2022)
* Butterflies for Christmas (2022) as Mary
* Husband Hustlers (2023) as Kadeshia
# Sithmina

Sithmina is a Sinhala language education paper targeted for Ordinary Level (O/L) students in Sri Lanka. This is the only education paper which publishes weekly according to the O/L Syllabus. It is published by the Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited (Lake House), a government-owned corporation. The newspaper commenced publishing in 2012 under the guidance of Lake House Chairman Bandula Padmakumara. The readership is around 200,000 and the circulation is 60,000.
The paper is written as a tabloid, with photographs printed both in color and black and white. Weekly printings include the model papers and lessons for Grade 10 and 11 students.
# Julian Winn

Julian Winn (Winny) from Abergavenny, Wales (born 23 September 1972) is a former Welsh competitive cyclist who was formerly directeur sportif at the UCI Continental cycling team Endura Racing. He represented Wales in the 1998 Commonwealth Games at Kuala Lumpur and at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester. He was appointed Welsh Cycling coach in 2005. In 2008, he was GB road race team manager at the Beijing Olympics, overseeing the victory of Welsh compatriot Nicole Cooke. Since the folding of Team Endura Winn has been Director Sportif at Saint Piran cycling team and a Director of Sugar Loaf Road, which organises bike riding weekends in the Black Mountains.

## Results
### Cyclo Cross
#### 2005

    1st, Welsh Cyclo Cross Championships

#### 2006

    1st, Welsh Cyclo Cross Championships

#### 2007

    1st, Welsh Cyclo Cross Championships

### Road
#### 1998 PDM Sports WCU Team

    1st, King of the Mountains Tour of Lancs
    1st, King of the Mountains Tour of Morocco
    1st, Stage 4 Prutour Chester – Nottingham 153.69 km
    1st, Welsh National Road Championships
    4th, King of the Mountains, Prutour

#### 1999

    3rd, Archer Grand Prix

#### 2000

    1st King of the Mountains, Commonwealth Bank Classic, Australia
    3rd, Premier Calendar Series Overall GC

#### 2002

    1st, United Kingdom National Road Race Championships
    1st, King of the Mountains, 2005 Tour of Britain
    3rd, Premier Calendar Series Overall GC

### Track
#### 1999

    1st, 4000m Team Pursuit National Track Championships
# Augustus D. Splivalo

Augustus Daniel Splivalo (May 24, 1840 – December 12, 1911) was an American politician and lawyer. In 1870, he was the first Italian American to serve in the California State Assembly. He was a prominent attorney and graduate of Santa Clara University.
His father was Stefano Splivalo, an Italian, born in Viganj, Austrian Empire; and his mother was Teresa (née Balzano) Splivalo, also Italian, born in Livorno, Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
# Palazzo dei Musei, Reggio Emilia

44°42′0.821″N 10°37′55.312″E﻿ / ﻿44.70022806°N 10.63203111°E﻿ / 44.70022806; 10.63203111The Palazzo dei Musei is the civic museum located in front of Piazza Martiri del 7 Luglio, facing the Valli Municipal Theatre, in central Reggio Emilia. The collection is diverse and includes works of art, archeology, history, and natural history.

## History

The buildings prior housed the church of San Luca and an adjacent palace, but were granted in 1256 to the Franciscan order by the then bishop Guglielmo Fogliani. The structures were converted into a monastery. During the Napoleonic occupation, the monastery was suppressed and the building became both barracks and stable.
The building also housed various schools. It was designated to display civic collections in 1830, beginning with the natural history and travel collections of Lazzaro Spallanzani, purchased by the Municipality in 1799. In 1862 the Don Gaetano Chierici began displaying another collection of local minerals, fossils, and archeologic findings.
The Marbles Gallery, established and open to the public in 1875, displaying stone mosaics, sculptures, and architectural fragments dating from Roman era to the 19th century. In addition to the Spallanzani collection there are zoologic (Antonio Vallisneri room), anatomic (Paolo Assalini room), botanical and ethnographic (Giambattista Venturi room) collections. Among the displays is the fossils of the Valentina whale (2001), a 3.5 million-year-old fossil cetacean found on the hills, were added to the 19th-century collections from the Secchia Valley.
The Antonio Fontanesi Gallery contains artworks from the 14th to the 20th century. It contains artworks collected by the Bank of Bipop-Carire. The museum has paintings and works by Antonio Ligabue, Fausto Melotti; Claudio Parmiggiani, and Marco Gerra. In 2005, the building was refurbished and restored by Italo Rota.

## Gallery

* Facade and Piazza
* Atrium with Roman mosaics, entrance to Spallanzani collections
* Venus of Chiozza
* Balena Valentina
* Paleontology collection of human skulls
# Pound hug

The pound hug (also referred to as a pound shake, hip-hop hug, one-armed hug, dude hug, cootie hug, homie hug, shug, bro-grab, bro hug, brah hug, thug hug, man-hug, or a daps) is a stylized greeting, exclusively performed between two people, that consists of a combination of a handshake and one-armed hug. Unlike the traditional hug, which symbolically and effectively removes interpersonal barriers and unites the two persons embracing, the pound hug—performed by keeping the right hand locked in handshake while the left arm wraps around the other's shoulder—interposes the obstacle of the two right arms to the joining of the two bodies.

## Origin

The pound hug evolved from the dap, a type of handshake created by African-American soldiers serving in the Vietnam War. Due to the high racial tensions in the United States during this time, black soldiers were frequent victims of racist violence and systemic discrimination in the military. The dap became a gesture of unity and solidarity between black veterans, with its movements symbolizing "I'm not above you, you're not above me, we're side by side, we're together". From these veterans, the dap dispersed into hip hop culture and eventually popular culture, retaining its conveyed sense of camaraderie.
# Percy Clive

Percy Archer Clive, DL (13 March 1873 – 5 April 1918) was a British army officer and Liberal Unionist Party politician.

## Biography

Percy Clive was the eldest son of Charles Meysey Bolton Clive of Whitfield, Herefordshire, by his marriage to Lady Katherine Feilding, daughter of William Feilding, 7th Earl of Denbigh. He was educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards as a second lieutenant in 1891. He was appointed as a Deputy Lieutenant of Herefordshire in December 1894, and was attached to the Niger Field Force from 1897 to 1899 based in Lagos, rising to the rank of captain. In May 1899 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
He was elected to the Commons as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Ross division of Herefordshire in the "khaki election" of 1900, while fighting in the Second Boer War. He did not return to England to take his seat until February 1902, and in June that year was Private Secretary for Parliamentary purposes to Lord George Hamilton, Secretary of State for India. In December 1903 he was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to E G Pretyman, Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty.
He was unseated at the 1906 general election, which saw the Liberal Party win a landslide victory. He returned to Parliament at a by-election in January 1908, and remained Ross's MP until his death. Following a merger of the Unionist parties in 1912 he became a Conservative.
He returned to the army in World War I and was wounded twice. Clive was awarded the Legion of Honour, and the Croix de Guerre, and was twice Mentioned in Despatches. As a lieutenant-colonel of the Grenadier Guards he was killed in action when attached to the 1/5th Lancashire Fusiliers, 5 April 1918 at Bucquoy. Memorial services were held on 17 April at St Margaret's, Westminster and Hereford Cathedral. He is commemorated on the Arras Memorial. Clive is commemorated on Panel 8 of the Parliamentary War Memorial in Westminster Hall, one of 22 MPs that died during World War I to be named on that memorial. Clive is one of 19 MPs who fell in the war who are commemorated by heraldic shields in the Commons Chamber. A further act of commemoration came with the unveiling in 1932 of a manuscript-style illuminated book of remembrance for the House of Commons, which includes a short biographical account of the life and death of Clive.
His elder son Major Meysey George Dallas Clive (1907–1943) was killed with the Grenadier Guards in World War II in North Africa on 1 May 1943. His younger son Lewis Clive (1910–1938) won a gold medal for rowing at the 1932 Olympics and was a member of the International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War, killed in action in August 1938.
Some of his military papers were deposited in the King's College London archives in 1997 but his family retain others.
# Mk 101 Lulu

The Mark 101 Lulu was an airdropped nuclear depth charge developed by the United States Navy and the Atomic Energy Commission during the 1950s. It carried a W34 nuclear warhead, with an explosive yield of about 11 kilotons. It was deployed by the U.S. Navy for the purposes of antisubmarine warfare, in at least five different models, from 1958 through 1971. These nuclear weapons were also stockpiled overseas at the bases of NATO allies, under American military guard and control, for the potential use by maritime patrol planes of NATO. This capability was most notably used at the air base of RAF St. Mawgan in Cornwall by British Avro Shackleton patrol planes and the Royal Netherlands Navy's P-2 Neptune and P-3 Orion patrol planes. Neither the Lulu nor any other kind of nuclear antisubmarine or antiship weapon was ever used in combat by any country.
The Mk-101 "Lulu" started to be replaced by the multipurpose B57 nuclear bomb during the mid-1960s. The B-57 was a bomb that could be used by tactical aircraft against land targets, as well as a nuclear depth charge.
The Mk-101 "Lulu" had a length of 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m), diameter of 1 ft 6 in (46 cm), and weighed 1,200 lb (540 kg). In RAF service for carriage by Shackleton MR2 and MR3 maritime patrol bombers it was known as Bomb, AS, 1200 lb, MC.
The Lulu lacked an important safety/arming device: it had no sensors to detect the freefall from an aircraft that would follow from the depth charge's being intentionally dropped. As a result, if an armed Mk 101 bomb accidentally fell off an aircraft while it was parked on the deck of a warship, and then it rolled overboard, it would detonate at the preset depth.
The weapon's W34 nuclear warhead was also used in several other weapons such as the Mark 45 torpedo and Mk 105 Hotpoint. An Anglicised version, codenamed "Peter", was used as the primary for the thermonuclear Yellow Sun weapon, and with the codename Python in the American B28 nuclear bomb.
# St Matthew's Chapel (Iż-Żgħir)

The Chapel of St Matthew, popularly known as San Mattew Iż-Żgħir, literally meaning Saint Matthew the smaller, is a small medieval chapel located beside a larger church with the same name in an area known as il-Maqluba in Qrendi, Malta. The use of the word the smaller is used that one would not confuse it with the larger St Matthew's church.

## History
### Origins and legend

The chapel of St Matthew has been in existence since at least the 14th century, probably dating back to the 11th century. It is mentioned in a local legend said to have occurred in 1343. There are various versions of this legend however one of these versions says that all the people of the small village beside the chapel were living in sin and one day the whole village was consumed by the earth where a large pit was formed in place. The only building to escape this tragedy was the chapel of St Matthew in which an old pious woman was at the moment of the engulfment. However, most probably this large pit, a sinkhole, known as il-Maqluba was formed as a result of a violent storm that hit the island on November 14, 1343.

### Documentation

Nonetheless, this chapel was not mentioned in Bishop De Mello's report of 1436 as existing at that time however noteworthy to mention is that the Bishop's report only mentioned parish churches, prebends, cononriers and benefices, thus the small chapel would not have been mentioned. The small chapel of St Matthew was also mentioned in inquisitor Pietro Dusina's report during his apostolic visit to Malta in 1575. Dusina describes that the chapel was equipped with all necessarily means to celebrate the divine office.

### Building of a larger church

As the larger church was built between 1674 and 1682, the small chapel was annexed by a small stairs and doorway and was used as the crypt of the large church. Its size was greatly reduced with this annexation. The chapel's exterior is quite simple. It is built in a rectangular style with a small belfry on top. In 1942, as the larger church was severely damaged by an air raid, the small chapel's belfry was damaged as well which was later dismantled and never rebuilt.

## Interior

The chapel's interior is quite simple. It has one stone altar with the date 1897 inscribed on it. There is also a small statue of St Matthew on the altar. Just above of the altar there is a little apse decorated with a well-preserved fresco of a scallop shell. The interior is built in pointed archways, typical to medieval church buildings in Malta. A painting depicting St Matthew was also reported as being present in the chapel however no one knows what happened to this painting.