OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (H.R. 2647, Pub. L. 111–84 (text) (PDF), 123 Stat. 2190.) is a law in the United States signed by President Barack Obama on October 28, 2009. As a bill it was H.R. 2647 in the 111th Congress. The overall purpose of the law is to authorize funding for the defense of the United States and its interests abroad, for military construction, and for national security-related energy programs.

## Division A

3.4% basic military pay raise

### Title I

* Subtitle D, Sections 132 & 133 repealed the FY 2009 F-22 Raptor fighter aircraft funding and re-directed it to preserving the maintenance and tooling of the existing program.

### Title V

* Subtitle H - Military and Overseas Voter Empowerment Act

### Title XII

* Subtitle B - Success in Countering Al Qaeda Reporting Requirements Act of 2009
* Subtitle D - Victims of Iranian Censorship Act (or the VOICE Act)
       Authorizes the Secretary of State to continue efforts in support of Iranian dissidents

### Title XVIII

* Military Commissions Act of 2009 - completely amended the existing statutes.

### Title XIX

* Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009

## Division B

* Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010

## Division E

* Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
Expanded federal hate crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.
# The Fan (play)

The Fan is a 1763 comedy by Carlo Goldoni. It was first produced as L´éventail in Paris at the Théâtre de la comédie italienne in May 1763, with little success. The French version is lost. Goldoni revised the play during 1764 as Il Ventaglio and it was premiered at the Teatro San Luca, Venice, in February 1765 with great success.
# Nina Lobova

Nina Romanivna Getsko, née Lobova (Ukrainian: Ніна Романівна Гецко); born July 20, 1957, is a former Soviet/Ukrainian handball player who competed in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
In 1976 she won the gold medal with the Soviet team. She played all five matches.
# Samuel Sachs

Samuel Sachs (/zɑːks/; July 28, 1851 – March 2, 1935) was an American investment banker. He is most known for co-founding Goldman Sachs along with Marcus Goldman. He is noted for changing the nature of merchant banking by underwriting of the flotation of many major companies through the use of these sales to raise funds.

## Early life

Samuel Sachs was born on July 28, 1851, in Maryland, the son of Sophie (née Baer) and Joseph Sachs, both Jewish immigrants from Bavaria, Germany. The family fled Germany to avoid the crises in the country that led to the revolutions of 1848. Sachs had one older sibling, Julius Sachs, and three younger siblings, Emily Sachs, Henry Sachs, and Bernard Sachs.

## Career

Sachs, along with his longtime friend Philip Lehman of Lehman Brothers, pioneered the issuing of stock as a way for new companies to raise funds.
Sachs then joined his father-in-law Marcus Goldman's firm which prompted the name change to Goldman Sachs in 1904. Together they underwrote securities offerings for such large firms as Sears, Roebuck and Company. During this time, Goldman Sachs also diversified to become involved in other major securities markets, like the over-the-counter, bond, and convertibles markets which are still a big part of the company's revenue today. Sachs retired in 1928.

## Philanthropy

Sachs donated US$50,000 (equivalent to $889,000 in 2023) to Harvard University in 1924.

## Personal life and death

Sachs married Louisa Goldman, the youngest daughter of Marcus Goldman, also Bavarian Jewish immigrant. They resided at The Pierre. They had four children: Paul Joseph Sachs, Arthur Sachs, Walter Edward Sachs, and Ella S. Sachs.
Sachs died on March 2, 1935, in New York City.
# Sangeeth Sivan

Sangeeth Sivan (1958/59 – 8 May 2024) was an Indian film director and screenwriter who worked in Malayalam and Hindi film industries.
He is best known for directing Vyooham (1990), Yodha (1992) and Kyaa Kool Hai Hum (2005) and Yamla Pagla Deewana 2 (2013).

## Career

Sivan started his career when Basu Bhattacharya brought him on board as the executive producer of his son's directorial debut Raakh, starring Aamir Khan and Pankaj Kapur. He soon made his directorial debut with the successful Malayalam film Vyooham starring Raghuvaran. His second directorial Yodha gave him nationwide recognition. After directing more than half a dozen Malayalam films, he directed his first Bollywood film, Zor, starring Sunny Deol. However, the film did not do well at the box office but the directorial ability of Sivan was well appreciated by many producers. After a brief gap he started working on Jackie Shroff's film Sandhya followed by Pantaloon's Chura Liyaa Hai Tumne.
Sivan collaborated with Mohanlal in three films, namely Yodha, Gandharvam and Nirnayam.
In 2012, Sivan went to the United Kingdom to direct the comedy Yamla Pagla Deewana 2 along with the Deol family.

## Biography

Sivan died on 8 May 2024, at the age of 65 following a cardiac arrest
He was directing Kapkapiii, the Hindi remake of the Malayalam film Romancham at the time of his death.

## Filmography
### Films

| Year | Film | Language | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Notes |
| Year | Film | Language | Director | Writer | Producer | Notes |
| 1989 | Raakh | Hindi | N | N | Y | As Executive producer |
| 1990 | Vyooham | Malayalam | Y | Y | N | Directorial Debut |
| 1992 | Yodha | Malayalam | Y | Y | N | |
| 1992 | Daddy | Malayalam | Y | N | N | |
| 1993 | Gandharvam | Malayalam | Y | Y | N | |
| 1993 | Johnny | Malayalam | Y | Y | N | Winner, Kerala State Film Award for Best Children's Film |
| 1995 | Nirnayam | Malayalam | Y | Y | N | |
| 1998 | Zor | Hindi | Y | N | N | |
| 2000 | Snehapoorvam Anna | Malayalam | Y | N | N | |
| 2003 | Chura Liyaa Hai Tumne | Hindi | Y | N | N | |
| 2005 | Kyaa Kool Hai Hum | Hindi | Y | N | N | |
| 2006 | Apna Sapna Money Money | Hindi | Y | N | N | |
| 2009 | Ek – The Power of One | Hindi | Y | N | N | Official remake of Telugu film Athadu |
| 2010 | Click | Hindi | Y | N | Y | |
| 2012 | Idiots | Malayalam | N | Y | Y | |
| 2013 | Yamla Pagla Deewana 2 | Hindi | Y | N | N | |
| 2017 | E | Malayalam | N | N | Y | |
| 2019 | Bhram | Hindi | Y | N | Y | ZEE5 original series |
| 2024 | Kapkapiii | Hindi | Y | N | N | Remake of Romancham |
# Kate Michael

Kate Michael (born March 7, 1982, in Lexington, Kentucky) is a writer, on-camera host, emcee, and model who holds the Miss District of Columbia 2006 title. Michael succeeded Shannon Schambeau as Miss D.C. on July 1, 2006, and also competed in the Miss America 2007 pageant held January 29, 2007.

## Education

Michael graduated from Parkview High School in 2000, and went on to graduate magna cum laude from the University of Georgia in 2003, where she was a member of Sigma Kappa sorority. She earned a joint master's degree in business administration and government from Johns Hopkins University in 2008.
# Manal bint Mohammed Al Maktoum

Sheikha Manal bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Arabic: منال بنت محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم; born 12 November 1977) is an Emirati politician and member of the ruling family of Dubai. She is the eldest child of Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the ruler of Dubai, and is the second wife of Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the younger brother of the president of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.

## Personal life and education

Sheikha Manal is the eldest child of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, current Ruler of Dubai, and his former wife Sheikha Randa bint Mohammed Al-Banna. She is the half sister of Crown Prince Hamdan. Sheikha Manal graduated with a bachelor's degree in Interior Design and a master's degree in marketing from the American University of Dubai.
She married Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan of Abu Dhabi on 2 May 2005. They have five children:
* Fatima bint Mansour Al Nahyan (born 9 June 2006)
* Mohammed bin Mansour Al Nahyan (born 4 December 2007)
* Hamdan bin Mansour Al Nahyan (born 21 June 2011)
* Latifa bint Mansour Al Nahyan (born 23 January 2014)
* Rashid bin Mansour Al Nahyan (born 22 March 2017).

## Activities

In 2003, Sheikha Manal founded the Dubai Ladies Club. In November 2006, Sheikha Manal initiated Dubai Women Establishment (DWE). In 2012, Sheikha Manal launched the "Women on Boards" initiative.
Young Artist Award was founded under the patronage of Sheikha Manal in 2006 as a competition of fine arts of emerging artists in the United Arab Emirates.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Manal bint Mohammed Al Maktoum :
# Sunderdas

Sunderdas (1596–1689) was a noted saint, poet, philosopher and social reformer of medieval India. He was a disciple of Dadu Dayal. Sunderdas was born in 1596 in Dausa in Rajasthan state in India. Sant Sunderdas composed about 48 books. He is revered as the "Sankaracharya" of Hindi literature, and is popularly known as Sant Kavi Sunderdas.
# Oksana Grishina (cyclist)

Oksana Grishina (also spelled Oxana Grichina) (Russian: Окса́на Гри́шина; born 27 November 1968 in Tula, Russia) is a Russian track cyclist.
Grishina competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and came 5th in the women's sprint event. She also competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney where she won a silver medal in the women's sprint event and came 15th in the women's track time trial events.
# Ecco che

"Ecco che" is a song by Italian singer Elisa, released on November 22, 2013 as the second single from her eighth studio album L'anima vola.
The song was includend on the soundtrack of The Fifth Wheel directed by Giovanni Veronesi, who also directed the music video of the song. In 2014 the song was nominated at the Nastro d'Argento for Best Original Song.

## Background and composition

The lyrics of the song were written by Negramaro's frontman Giuliano Sangiorgi, while the music was composed by Elisa, becoming the third song in which the two artists collaborate artistically after "Ti vorrei sollevare" (2009) and "Basta così" (2011). In an interview between the two artists for La Repubblica, Elisa said that Sangiorgi had heard some of the album's tracks during the Italia Loves Emilia benefit concert.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Giovanni Veronesi, who had already directed the video for Elisa for "Eppure sentire (Un senso di te)", and features the participation of actor Elio Germano. Elisa explained the aesthetics of the video: "Giovanni Veronesi ironically refers to it as a white-only video because it is very ethereal and based on the idea of a surreal space where brushstrokes of gray, writing a few minimal things, contrast with my figure and that of Elio Germano".

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 22 |
| Italy (EarOne Airplay) | 2 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Anakana Schofield

Anakana Schofield (born 1971) is an Irish-Canadian author, who won the 2012 Amazon.ca First Novel Award and the Debut-Litzer Prize for Fiction in 2013 for her debut novel Malarky. Born in England to an Irish mother, she lived in London and in Dublin, Ireland until moving to Vancouver, British Columbia in 1999. The novel was also a shortlisted nominee for the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize.
Martin John, her second novel, was published in 2015. The novel was shortlisted for the 2015 Scotiabank Giller Prize, the 2016 Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize, the 2016 Goldsmiths Prize, and the 2017 ReLit Award for fiction. Schofield has also been a literary critic, essayist and broadcaster, contributing to the London Review of Books Blog, The Globe and Mail, CBC Radio, The Guardian, The Irish Times and the Vancouver Sun.
Her third novel, Bina: A Novel in Warnings, centred on a character from Schofield's first book Malarky, was published in 2019 in Canada and 2020 in the UK. Bina was shortlisted for the 2020 Goldsmiths Prize. The jury described the novel as "Startlingly original and horribly funny, Anakana Schofield's Bina is that rare thing: a black comedy about euthanasia. Composed as a series of warnings scribbled on the backs of envelopes from the safety of her bed, the narrator is a septuagenarian who has had enough. And we can see why: her front garden is filled with political activists, her back garden with medical waste; her lodger stayed on for an extra ten years and she is suspected of murdering her best friend. In all her despair, and empathy for the despair of others, Bina emerges from her elliptical missives, addressed to everyone but no-one in particular, as an eccentric heroine of monumental moral courage." The novel will be published in February 2021 in the US by the New York Review of Books. BINA won the 2021 Kerry Group Irish Novel of the Year

## Works

* Malarky (2012, ISBN 978-1926845388)
* Rereading the Riot Act And On (2013, ISBN 978-1-927394-10-6)
* Martin John (2015, ISBN 9781771960342)
* Bina: A Novel in Warnings (2019)
** excerpt: Bina. Granta #141, autumn 2017, pp. 143–148
# Mignon Canal

The Canal du Mignon (French pronunciation:) is the canalised lower section of the river Mignon in western France. It connects to the Sèvre Niortaise near La Grève-sur-Mignon with its terminus in Mauzé-sur-le-Mignon. It is 11 km long with two locks.
# Jesse (album)

Jesse is the fourth and final studio album by American singer Jesse Powell. It was released on October 14, 2003 through D3 Entertainment, Monopoly Music and Riviera Records.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Vibe | < |
Vibe editor Laura Checkoway wrote that "after three albums and no remarkable hits, Jesse Powell hasn't completely fallen off the R&B map. And while this, his fourth effort, won't help him make a sudden takeover, it attempts to keep his name, if not his music, humming in our ears [...] There's plenty of smooth romance to go around, but none of the grit, grain, passion, and pain that push the heart's buttons and make music memorable."

## Track listing

Notes
* denotes co-producer

## Charts

| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 85 |
# Thinford

Thinford is a small hamlet in the civil parish of Spennymoor, in County Durham, England. It is situated to the east of Spennymoor, between Darlington and Durham at the intersection of the A167 and the A688.
It consists of only a few houses, but contains a pub and restaurant serving a wider area, as well as a McDonald's restaurant, a KFC restaurant, a Starbucks Coffee Drive Thru, a Burger King Drive Thru, and BP filling station serving traffic on the A167, which also features a Spar convenience store, along with a Greg's bakery and Subway.
Thinford is in the process of a multimillion-pound redevelopment known as Durham Gate. This is due to bring hundreds of new homes, shops and office facilities. Work has already started on the development and people are already living in new homes built by Taylor Wimpey and Maple Oak Homes.
About one mile to the east of Thinford, there is an electrical substation, which is linked by a line of L6 pylons to the Stella West substation in Tyneside, and by a line of L12 400 kV pylons (which replaced the older L66 275 kV pylons in 2011) to the Norton substation in Teesside.
# Van Dijck (crater)

Van Dijck is a crater on Mercury, located near the north pole. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1979. Van Dijck is named for Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck.
To the southwest of Van Dijck is Saikaku crater. To the south is Nizāmī, and to the northeast is Purcell.
# Ellsworth Jones

Ellsworth J. Jones, Jr. (January 6, 1918 – December 31, 2006) was a Mayor of Saratoga Springs, New York, and veteran of World War II.

## Early life

He was born on January 6, 1918, in Corinth, New York, to Mary Swider and Ellsworth J. Jones Sr. His sisters were Katherin, Mary Louise, and Eleanor and his brother was John F. Jones' father was born November 23, 1888, in Vermont and died September 12, 1971, in Corinth, New York. Jones Sr. was proprietor of the Central Hotel in Corinth, and later became vice president of Hayes Tobacco Company.
Jones graduated from St. Mary's – St. Alphonsus Regional Catholic School in 1936. He enlisted in the United States Army in January 1942.

## World War II service

Jones joined the service in early 1942, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He rose through the ranks quickly, becoming a paratrooper with the famed 101st Airborne Division, the "Screaming Eagles." He participated in the D-Day invasion of Normandy, commanding a platoon of troops as 1st Lieutenant, within G Company, 502 Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. After parachuting several miles inland from the French coast during the early morning hours of June 6 troops under his command successfully captured and disabled a German 88mm gun firing on Utah beach, the platoon's primary objective. Jones and his troops participated in the battle of Carentan (June 10–12). During the battle, Jones was hit in the back by shrapnel from a German bomb when fighter planes strafed his position. A 1-inch (25 mm) square piece of steel lodged in his back. Unable to breathe, his life was spared when a fellow paratrooper covered up the hole in his back with his hand enabling Jones' lungs to once again fill with air.
He was awarded a Bronze Star, Purple Heart, and Croix de Guerre for his services. Later, he was active in veterans groups and in 2005 he was inducted into the New York State Senate's Veterans Hall of Fame.

## Career

He founded the Hayes Tobacco Company in 1952 in Saratoga Springs, New York, which he operated until selling the business in 1977. From July 1968 to April 1969, Jones was also the relocation officer for the Saratoga Springs Urban Renewal Agency, resigning in 1969 in order to focus more on his company.
In 1979 he was elected Mayor of Saratoga Springs, New York. He held the position for five terms before retiring in 1990. As mayor, he was a driving force for the construction of the Saratoga Springs City Center in 1984. He also helped attract to the city a Quad/Graphics printing press and a Ball Corporation canning factory, major employers in the city. He also worked to keep property taxes low. Upon retirement, Jones expressed frustration at the city's commission style government by which legislation is voted on by the mayor and four commissioners, limiting the mayor's power.

## Personal life and death

He married Betty Donohue in about 1948 and they had four children: John, Mark, Matthew, and Susan. He died on New Year's Eve, December 31, 2006.
# Felicite Rwemarika

Felicite Rwemarika (born March 9, 1958 in Ruanda-Urundi, now Rwanda) is a women's rights activist, entrepreneur, and member of the International Olympic Committee. Her work focuses on raising awareness for gender equality in sports and using sports as a tool for conflict resolution and economic empowerment. She is also an organizer of financial literacy trainings.

## Early life and education

Rwemarika's family left Rwanda during the Rwandan Revolution and resettled in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She is one of 14 children.
From 1985 to 1995, Rwemarika studied at the Mulago Hospital in Uganda and received a diploma in nursing. She went on to receive degrees in business administration.

## Career

Rwemarika has founded two businesses, worked as a nurse, and served as country coordinator and chair of a Non-governmental organization. She is also a speaker at the American University of Nigeria on unity and reconciliation through sport.
Rwemarika is the founder, chair, and legal representative of the Association of Kigali Women in Sports (AKWOS), an organization dedicated to helping women who were victims of the 1994 Tutsi genocide through sports. She has played a role in various international women's sports organization, including the CECAFA Women Commission (2011), Rwanda National Olympic and Sports Committee (2013 - 2017), and Women's Football Commission in the Rwandan Football Federation (2017 - 2018).

## Honors

Rwemarika was selected as and made an Ashoka Fellow in 2012. In 2015 she received an award from the Stars Foundation and from Girls Collective. In 2016, she received the IOC Award for Women and Sport on the African continent.
# Mandalapuruder

Mandalapuruder (c. 16th century), was a Jain ascetic and lexicographer.

## Literary contributions

The greatest contribution of Mandalapruder or Vira Mandalaver is Sudamani Nigandhu. This work, which he created at the suggestion of his guru Gunapattiren, comprises 989 stanzas arranged in 12 chapters. It treats of the synonyms of the Flindu Deities, and of the objects of the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms as well as of the homonymous and generic terms. Mandalapuruder follows the style of Amarakosha in this regard. Mandalapuruder is also the author of a poem in praise of Arha, a divinity worshipped by Jains.
Mandalapuruder is a contemporary of the Vijayanagar Emperor Krishna Deva Raya.
# Olha Huzenko

Olha Mikolayivna Huzenko (Ukrainian: Ольга Миколаївна Гузенко, born 17 July 1956) is a Ukrainian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
In 1976 she was a crew member of the Soviet boat which won the silver medal in the eights event.
# Fredzilla

Fred (nicknamed Fredzilla) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is a member of the superhero team Big Hero 6.
The character appears in the 2014 animated film Big Hero 6 and the video game Kingdom Hearts III, voiced by T.J. Miller and in the subsequent animated series by Brooks Wheelan. This version is a human who wields a fire-breathing dragon suit.

## Publication history

The character was created by Chris Claremont and David Nakayama and first appeared in Big Hero 6 #1 (September 2008). He along with Wasabi-No-Ginger were meant to serve as replacements for then current members Sunpyre and Ebon Samurai.

## Fictional character biography

Fred is descended from the Ainu, an indigenous people of Japan, and spent part of his childhood on a secret S.H.I.E.L.D. base. He later joins Big Hero 6 using his ability to transform into a dinosaur-like kaiju.

## Powers and abilities

Fred can transform into a Godzilla-like Kaiju. In addition, he can manifest a largely invisible energy aura.

## Reception

In 2020, Comic Book Resources (CBR) ranked Fred 9th in their "Marvel Comics: Ranking Every Member Of Big Hero 6 From Weakest To Most Powerful" list.

## In other media
### Disney version

Fred appears in Disney's Big Hero 6 franchise, voiced by T. J. Miller in the film and by Brooks Wheelan in Big Hero 6: The Series. This version is an American human who wields a dragon-themed fire-breathing suit and finances the Big Hero 6 team via his family's wealth. Speaking of Miller, co-director Chris Williams said "He's a real student of comedy. There are a lot of layers to his performance, so Fred ended up becoming a richer character than anyone expected."
In the series' second season, Fred begins using a chameleon-themed outfit that can cling to walls and become invisible. In the third season, he begins dating Olivia Mole, the cousin of his archenemy Richardson Mole.
* Fred appears as a playable character in Disney Magic Kingdoms and Disney Heroes: Battle Mode.
* Fred appears as a non-playable character in Kingdom Hearts III, with Miller reprising the role.
* Fred makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Once Upon a Studio.