# 110th United States Congress

The 110th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the Presidency of George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census.
The Democratic Party won a majority in both chambers, giving them full control of Congress for the first time since the 103rd Congress in 1993, which was also the previous time they controlled the House.
Officially in the Senate, there were 49 Democrats, 49 Republicans, and two independents, but because both of the independents caucused with the Democrats, this gave the Democrats an operational majority. No Democratic-held seats had fallen to the Republican Party in the 2006 elections.
This is the most recent Congress to feature Republican senators from Minnesota (Norm Coleman), New Mexico (Pete Domenici) and Oregon (Gordon Smith), in which Domenici retired and the other two lost re-election at the end of the Congress.
Democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first female speaker of the House. The House also received the first Muslim (Keith Ellison) and Buddhist (Hank Johnson and Mazie Hirono) members of Congress.

## Major events

Members debated initiatives such as the Democrats' 100-Hour Plan and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007.

### Support for the Iraq War

Following President Bush's 2007 State of the Union Address, Congress debated his proposal to create a troop surge to increase security in Iraq. The House of Representatives passed a non-binding measure opposing the surge and then a $124 billion emergency spending measure to fund the war, which included language that dictated troop levels and withdrawal schedules. President Bush, however, vetoed the bill as promised, making this his second veto while in office. Both houses of Congress subsequently passed a bill funding the war without timelines, but with benchmarks for the Iraqi government and money for other spending projects like disaster relief.

### Other events

* January 23, 2007: President Bush delivered the 2007 State of the Union Address
* August 2, 2007: The Republican minority disputed the results of a vote to recommit. This led to an investigation by the House Select Committee on Voting Irregularities.
* December 18, 2007: The Senate set a record for the most cloture votes.
* January 2008: Start of the Great Recession
* January 28, 2008: President Bush delivered the 2008 State of the Union Address
* September 15, 2008: The 2007–2008 financial crisis culminates in the Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers.
* November 4, 2008: General elections - Democrats increased their congressional majorities and Senator Barack Obama was elected president.

## Major legislation

These are partial lists of prominent enacted legislation and pending bills.

### Enacted

* February 2, 2007– House Page Board Revision Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–2 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 4
* May 25, 2007– U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007, Pub. L. 110–28 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 112, including Title VIII: Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, 121 Stat. 188
* June 14, 2007– Preserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–34 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 224
* July 26, 2007– Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–49 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 246
* August 3, 2007– Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–53 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 266
* August 5, 2007 — Protect America Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–55 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 552
* August 9, 2007 --- America COMPETES Act, Pub.L. 110-69
* September 14, 2007– Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, Pub. L. 110–81 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 735
* September 20, 2007 --- Native American $1 Coin Act, Pub.L. 110-82
* September 27, 2007 --- Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-85
* November 8, 2007– Water Resources Development Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–114 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 1041 (Veto overridden)
* December 19, 2007– Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–140 (text) (PDF), 121 Stat. 1492
* December 20, 2007 --- Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-142
* December 31, 2007 --- OPEN Government Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-175
* January 28, 2008 --- National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, Pub.L. 110-181
* February 13, 2008 — Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110–185 (text) (PDF), 122 Stat. 613
* April 9, 2008 --- Second Chance Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-199
* April 24, 2008 --- Newborn Screening Saves Lives Act of 2007, Pub.L. 110-204
* May 8, 2008 --- Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-229
* May 21, 2008– Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, Pub. L. 110–233 (text) (PDF), 122 Stat. 881
* May 22, 2008– Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 (2007 Farm Bill), Pub. L. 110–234 (text) (PDF), 122 Stat. 923 (Veto overridden)
* June 18, 2008 --- Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-246 (Veto overridden)
* June 20, 2008 --- Federal Food Donation Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-247
* June 30, 2008– Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110–252 (text) (PDF), 122 Stat. 2323, including Title V: Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 ("G.I. Bill 2008")
* July 10, 2008 — FISA Amendments Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110–261 (text) (PDF), 122 Stat. 2436
* July 15, 2008 --- Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-275 (Veto overridden)
* July 29, 2008– Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE (Junta's Anti-Democratic Efforts) Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110–286 (text) (PDF), 122 Stat. 2632
* July 29, 2008 --- Clean Boating Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-288
* July 30, 2008– Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110–289 (text) (PDF), 122 Stat. 2654
* August 14, 2008 --- Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act, Pub.L. 110-314
* September 25, 2008 --- ADA Amendments Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-325
* October 3, 2008 — Public Law 110-343 (Pub. L. 110–343 (text) (PDF)), 122 Stat. 3765, including:
** Div. A: Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, H.R. 1424;
** Div. B: Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008; and
** Div. C: Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008
* October 7, 2008 --- Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-351
* October 8. 2008 --- India-United States Civil Nuclear Agreement, Pub.L. 110-369
* October 13, 2008 --- PRO-IP Act, Pub.L. 110-403
* October 13, 2008 --- Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-407
* October 15, 2008 — Pub. L. 110–430 (text) (PDF): Setting the beginning of the first session of the 111th Congress and the date for counting Electoral College votes, 122 Stat. 4846
* October 16, 2008 --- Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-432
* December 2, 2008 --- Civil Rights Act of 1964 Commemorative Coin Act, Pub.L. 110-451
* December 19, 2008 — Pub. L. 110–455 (text) (PDF): A Saxbe fix, reducing the compensation and other emoluments attached to the office of Secretary of State to that which was in effect on January 1, 2007: allowing Hillary Clinton to serve as Secretary of State despite the Ineligibility Clause of the United States Constitution.
* December 23, 2008 --- America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008, Pub.L. 110-456
* December 23, 2008 --- Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act, Pub.L. 110-459
More information: Public Laws for the 110th Congress Archived March 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine and Complete index of Public and Private Laws for 110th Congress at GPO

### Proposed, but not enacted

    in (alphabetical order)
* America's Climate Security Act of 2007
* Auto Industry Financing and Restructuring Act
* Community Broadband Bill
* Community Choice Act
* Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007
* Deceptive Practices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act
* District of Columbia House Voting Rights Act of 2007
* Employee Free Choice Act
* Employment Non-Discrimination Act
* Executive Branch Reform Act of 2007
* FAIR USE Act
* Family and Consumer Choice Act of 2007
* Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act of 2007
* Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007
* Homeowner's Defense Act
* IDEA Fairness Restoration Act
* Internet Radio Equality Act
* Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act of 2007
* Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007
* Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007
* Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Act of 2007
* New Energy Reform Act of 2008
* No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act
* Patent Reform Act of 2007
* Personal Use of Marijuana by Responsible Adults Act of 2008
* Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act of 2007
* State Children's Health Insurance Program
* State Secrets Protection Act
* Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007

#### Vetoed

* Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (SCHIP, H.R. 976)
* Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 (SCHIP, H.R. 3963)
* Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act (H.R. 3043)
* Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007 (S. 5)
* Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (S. 1943)
* H.R. 1585: an earlier version of National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008
* H.R. 1591: an earlier version of U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007

## Treaties ratified

* 110-1: Land-Based Sources Protocol to Cartagena Convention (September 25, 2008)
* 110-2: Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks (December 7, 2007)
* 110-3: Tax Convention with Belgium (December 14, 2007)
* 110-4: International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (September 25, 2008)
* 110-6: Amendment to Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (September 25, 2008)
* 110-8: Protocols of 2005 to the Convention concerning Safety of Maritime Navigation and to the Protocol concerning Safety of Fixed Platforms on the Continental Shelf (September 25, 2008)
* 110-9: Protocol of Amendments to Convention on International Hydrographic Organization (July 21, 2008)
* 110-11: Extradition Treaty with Romania and Protocol to the Treaty on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters with Romania (September 23, 2008)
* 110-12: Extradition Treaty with Bulgaria and an Agreement on Certain Aspects of Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters with Bulgaria (September 23, 2008)
* 110-13: International Convention on Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001 (September 26, 2008)
* 110-14: International Convention Against Doping in Sport (July 21, 2008)
* 110-15: Protocol Amending 1980 Tax Convention with Canada (September 23, 2008)
* 110-16: Amendments to the Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva, 1992) (September 25, 2008)
* 110-17: Tax Convention with Iceland (September 23, 2008)
* 110-18: Tax Convention with Bulgaria with Proposed Protocol of Amendment (September 23, 2008)
* 110-20: Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty of 1949 on Accession of Albania and Croatia (September 25, 2008)

## Select committees

* Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
* House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming
* House Select Committee on the Voting Irregularities of August 2, 2007

## Hearings

* Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy hearings - (House and Senate Judiciary Committees)

## Party summary
### Senate

Membership changed with one death and two resignations.
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | |
| Affiliation | Democratic | Independent (caucusing with Democrats) | Republican | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous Congress | 44 | 1 | 55 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin | 49 | 2 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| June 4, 2007 | 49 | 2 | 48 | 99 | 1 |
| June 25, 2007 | 49 | 2 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| December 18, 2007 | 49 | 2 | 48 | 99 | 1 |
| December 31, 2007 | 49 | 2 | 49 | 100 | 0 |
| November 16, 2008 | 48 | 2 | 49 | 99 | 1 |
| Final voting share | 50.5% | 50.5% | 49.5% | | |
| Beginning of the next Congress | 55 | 2 | 41 | 98 | 2 |

### House of Representatives

Membership fluctuated with seven deaths and eight resignations. Democrats achieved a net gain of three seats as a result of their victories in special elections. See Changes in membership, below.
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | |
| Affiliation | Democratic | Republican | Total | Vacant |
| End of previous Congress | 203 | 229 | 432 | 3 |
| Begin | 233 | 202 | 435 | 0 |
| February 13, 2007 | 233 | 201 | 434 | 1 |
| April 22, 2007 | 232 | 201 | 433 | 2 |
| July 1, 2007 | 231 | 201 | 432 | 3 |
| July 17, 2007 | 231 | 202 | 433 | 2 |
| August 21, 2007 | 232 | 202 | 434 | 1 |
| September 5, 2007 | 232 | 201 | 433 | 2 |
| October 6, 2007 | 232 | 200 | 432 | 3 |
| October 16, 2007 | 233 | 200 | 433 | 2 |
| November 26, 2007 | 233 | 199 | 432 | 3 |
| December 11, 2007 | 233 | 201 | 434 | 1 |
| December 15, 2007 | 232 | 201 | 433 | 2 |
| December 31, 2007 | 232 | 200 | 432 | 3 |
| January 14, 2008 | 232 | 199 | 431 | 4 |
| February 2, 2008 | 232 | 198 | 430 | 5 |
| February 11, 2008 | 231 | 198 | 429 | 6 |
| March 8, 2008 | 232 | 198 | 430 | 5 |
| March 11, 2008 | 233 | 198 | 431 | 4 |
| April 8, 2008 | 234 | 198 | 432 | 3 |
| May 3, 2008 | 235 | 199 | 434 | 1 |
| May 13, 2008 | 236 | 199 | 435 | 0 |
| May 31, 2008 | 235 | 199 | 434 | 1 |
| June 17, 2008 | 236 | 199 | 435 | 0 |
| August 20, 2008 | 235 | 199 | 434 | 1 |
| November 18, 2008 | 236 | 199 | 435 | 0 |
| November 24, 2008 | 236 | 198 | 434 | 1 |
| January 2, 2009 | 235 | 198 | 433 | 2 |
| Final voting share | 54.3% | 45.7% | | |
| Non-voting members | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Beginning of next Congress | 256 | 178 | 434 | 1 |

## Leadership

Section contents: Senate: Majority (D), Minority (R) • House: Majority (D), Minority (R)

### Senate

* President: Dick Cheney (R)
* President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D)

#### Majority (Democratic) leadership

* Majority Leader and Democratic Conference Chairman: Harry Reid
* Assistant Majority Leader (Majority Whip): Dick Durbin
* Democratic Conference Vice Chairman and Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Chuck Schumer
* Democratic Conference Secretary: Patty Murray
* Policy Committee Chairman: Byron Dorgan
* Steering and Outreach Committee Chairwoman: Debbie Stabenow
* Committee Outreach Chairman: Jeff Bingaman
* Committee Outreach Vice Chairwoman: Hillary Clinton
* Rural Outreach Chairwoman: Blanche Lincoln
* Chief Deputy Whip: Barbara Boxer
* Deputy Whips: Tom Carper, Bill Nelson, Russ Feingold

#### Minority (Republican) leadership

* Minority Leader: Mitch McConnell
* Assistant Minority Leader (Minority Whip): Trent Lott, until December 18, 2007
** Jon Kyl, from December 18, 2007
* Counselor to the Minority Leader: Bob Bennett
* Republican Conference Chairman: Jon Kyl, until December 18, 2007
** Lamar Alexander, from December 18, 2007
* Policy Committee Chairman: Kay Bailey Hutchison
* Republican Conference Vice Chairman: John Cornyn
* National Republican Senatorial Committee Chairman: John Ensign
* Chief Deputy Whip: John Thune

### House of Representatives

* Speaker: Nancy Pelosi (D)
* Assistant to the Speaker: Xavier Becerra

#### Majority (Democratic) leadership

* Majority Leader: Steny Hoyer
* Majority Whip: Jim Clyburn
* Senior Chief Deputy Majority Whip: John Lewis
* Chief Deputy Majority Whips: Debbie Wasserman Schultz, G. K. Butterfield, Joseph Crowley, Diana DeGette, Ed Pastor, Jan Schakowsky, John S. Tanner, and Maxine Waters
* Democratic Caucus Chairman: Rahm Emanuel
* Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: John Larson
* Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Chris Van Hollen
* Democratic Steering/Policy Committee Co-Chairs: Rosa DeLauro for Steering and George Miller for Policy

#### Minority (Republican) leadership

* Minority Leader: John Boehner
* Minority Whip: Roy Blunt
* Chief Deputy Minority Whip: Eric Cantor
* Republican Conference Chairman: Adam Putnam
* Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Thad McCotter
* Republican Conference Vice-Chair: Kay Granger
* Republican Conference Secretary: John Carter
* Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Tom Cole
* Ranking Member of the House Rules Committee: David Dreier

## Members

    Skip to House of Representatives, below

### Senate

Senators are listed by state, then by class, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 2008; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 2010; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 2012.

### House of Representatives

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming
* Non-voting members

## Changes in membership
### Senate

There were two resignations and one death.

### House of Representatives
## Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

### Senate

| Committee | Chairman | Ranking Member |
| Aging (special) | Herb Kohl (D-WI) | Gordon Smith (R-OR) |
| Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry | Tom Harkin (D-IA) | Saxby Chambliss (R-GA) |
| Appropriations | Robert Byrd (D-WV) | Thad Cochran (R-MS) |
| Armed Services | Carl Levin (D-MI) | John McCain (R-AZ) |
| Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs | Chris Dodd (D-CT) | Richard Shelby (R-AL) |
| Budget | Kent Conrad (D-ND) | Judd Gregg (R-NH) |
| Commerce, Science and Transportation | Daniel Inouye (D-HI) | Ted Stevens (R-AK) |
| Energy and Natural Resources | Jeff Bingaman (D-NM) | Pete Domenici (R-NM) |
| Environment and Public Works | Barbara Boxer (D-CA) | Jim Inhofe (R-OK) |
| Ethics (select) | Barbara Boxer (D-CA) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
| Finance | Max Baucus (D-MT) | Chuck Grassley (R-IA) |
| Foreign Relations | Joe Biden (D-DE) | Richard Lugar (R-IN) |
| Health, Education, Labor and Pensions | Ted Kennedy (D-MA) | Mike Enzi (R-WY) |
| Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs | Joe Lieberman (I-CT) | Susan Collins (R-ME) |
| Indian Affairs | Byron Dorgan (D-ND) | Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) |
| Intelligence (select) | Jay Rockefeller (D-WV) | Kit Bond (R-MO) |
| Judiciary | Patrick Leahy (D-VT) | Arlen Specter (R-PA) |
| Rules and Administration | Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) | Bob Bennett (R-UT) |
| Small Business and Entrepreneurship | John Kerry (D-MA) | Olympia Snowe (R-ME) |
| Veterans' Affairs | Daniel Akaka (D-HI) | Larry Craig (R-ID) |

### House of Representatives

* Agriculture (Collin Peterson, Chair; Bob Goodlatte, Ranking Member)
** Conservation, Credit, Energy, and Research (Tim Holden, Chair; Frank D. Lucas, Ranking Member)
** Department Operations, Oversight, Nutrition and Forestry (Joe Baca, Chair; Jo Bonner, Ranking Member)
** General Farm Commodities and Risk Management (Bob Etheridge, Chair; Jerry Moran, Ranking Member)
** Horticulture and Organic Agriculture (Dennis Cardoza, Chair; Randy Neugebauer, Ranking Member)
** Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry (Leonard Boswell, Chair; Robin Hayes, Ranking Member)
** Specialty Crops, Rural Development and Foreign Agriculture (Mike McIntyre, Chair; Marilyn Musgrave, Ranking Member)
* Appropriations (David R. Obey, Chair; Jerry Lewis, Ranking Member)
** Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies (Rosa DeLauro, Chair; Jack Kingston, Ranking Member)
** Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (Alan Mollohan, Chair; Rodney P. Frelinghuysen, Ranking Member)
** Defense (John P. Murtha, Chair; C.W. Bill Young, Ranking Member)
** Energy and Water Development (Chet Edwards, Chair; David Hobson, Ranking Member)
** Financial Services and General Government (Jose E. Serrano, Chair; Ralph Regula, Ranking Member)
** Homeland Security (David Price, Chair; Hal Rogers, Ranking Member)
** Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (Norman Dicks, Chair; Todd Tiahrt, Ranking Member)
** Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (David R. Obey, Chair; James T. Walsh, Ranking Member)
** Legislative Branch (Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Chair; Zach Wamp, Ranking Member)
** Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies (Chet Edwards, Chair; Roger F. Wicker, Ranking Member)
** State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Nita Lowey, Chair; Frank Wolf, Ranking Member)
** Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (John W. Olver, Chair; Joe Knollenberg, Ranking Member)
* Armed Services (Ike Skelton, Chair; Duncan L. Hunter, Ranking Member)
** Readiness (Solomon P. Ortiz, Chair; Jo Ann Davis, Ranking Member)
** Seapower and Expeditionary Forces (Gene Taylor, Chair; Roscoe G. Bartlett, Ranking Member)
** Air and Land Forces (Neil Abercrombie, Chair; Jim Saxton, Ranking Member)
** Oversight and Investigations (Vic Snyder, Chair; John M. McHugh, Ranking Member)
** Military Personnel (Vic Snyder, Chair; W. Todd Akin, Ranking Member)
** Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities (Adam Smith, Chair; Mac Thornberry, Ranking Member)
** Strategic Forces (Ellen O. Tauscher, Chair; Terry Everett, Ranking Member)
* Budget (John Spratt, Chair; Paul Ryan, Ranking Member)
* Education and Labor (George Miller, Chair; Buck McKeon, Ranking Member)
** Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education (Dale Kildee, Chair; Michael Castle, Ranking Member)
** Healthy Families and Communities (Carolyn McCarthy, Chair; Todd Russell Platts, Ranking Member)
** Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions (Robert E. Andrews, Chair; John Kline, Ranking Member)
** Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness (Ruben Hinojosa, Chair; Ric Keller, Ranking Member)
** Workforce Protections (Lynn C. Woolsey, Chair; Joe Wilson, Ranking Member)
* Energy and Commerce (John D. Dingell, Chair; Joe Barton, Ranking Member)
** Health (Frank Pallone, Chair; Nathan Deal, Ranking Member)
** Energy and Air Quality (Rick Boucher, Chair; Dennis Hastert, Ranking Member)
** Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection (Bobby Rush, Chair; Cliff Stearns, Ranking Member)
** Telecommunications and the Internet (Edward Markey, Chair; Fred Upton, Ranking Member)
** Oversight and Investigations (Bart Stupak, Chair; Ed Whitfield, Ranking Member)
* Energy Independence and Global Warming (Select) (Edward Markey, Chair; Jim Sensenbrenner, Ranking Member)
* Financial Services (Barney Frank, Chair; Spencer Bachus, Ranking Member)
** Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade and Technology (Luis V. Gutierrez, Chair; Ron Paul, Ranking Member)
** Oversight and Investigations (Melvin L. Watt, Chair; Gary G. Miller, Ranking Member)
** Housing and Community Opportunity (Maxine Waters, Chair; Judy Biggert, Ranking Member)
** Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit (Carolyn B. Maloney, Chair; Paul E. Gillmor, Ranking Member)
** Capital Markets, Insurance, and Government-Sponsored Enterprises (Paul E. Kanjorski, Chair; Deborah Pryce, Ranking Member)
* Foreign Affairs (Tom Lantos, Chair until February 11, then Howard Berman; Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Ranking Member)
** Africa and Global Health (Donald M. Payne, Chair; Chris Smith, Ranking Member)
** Asia, the Pacific, and the Global Environment (Eni Faleomavaega, Chair; Donald Manzullo, Ranking Member)
** Europe (Robert Wexler, Chair; Elton Gallegly, Ranking Member)
** International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight (William Delahunt, Chair; Dana Rohrabacher, Ranking Member)
** Middle East and South Asia (Gary Ackerman, Chair; Mike Pence, Ranking Member)
** Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade (Brad Sherman, Chair; Edward Royce, Ranking Member)
** Western Hemisphere (Eliot Engel, Chair; Dan Burton, Ranking Member)
* Homeland Security (Bennie G. Thompson, Chair; Peter King, Ranking Member)
** Border, Maritime and Global Counterterrorism (Loretta Sanchez, Chair; Mark Souder, Ranking Member)
** Emergency Communications, Preparedness, and Response (Henry Cuellar, Chair; Charles Dent, Ranking Member)
** Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology (James R. Langevin, Chair; Michael McCaul, Ranking Member)
** Intelligence, Information Sharing, and Terrorism Risk Assessment (Jane Harman, Chair; David Reichert, Ranking Member)
** Management, Investigations, and Oversight (Christopher P. Carney, Chair; Mike D. Rogers, Ranking Member)
** Transportation Security and Infrastructure Protection (Sheila Jackson-Lee, Chair; Daniel Lungren, Ranking Member)
* House Administration (Bob Brady, Chair; Vern Ehlers, Ranking Member)
** Capitol Security (Bob Brady, Chair; Daniel Lungren, Ranking Member)
** Elections (Zoe Lofgren, Chair; Kevin McCarthy, Ranking Member)
* Intelligence (Permanent Select) (Silvestre Reyes, Chair; Pete Hoekstra, Ranking Member)
* Judiciary (John Conyers, Chair; Lamar Smith, Ranking Member)
** Commercial and Administrative Law (Linda Sanchez, Chair; Chris Cannon, Ranking Member)
** Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties (Jerrold Nadler, Chair; Trent Franks, Ranking Member)
** Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property (Howard Berman, Chair; Howard Coble, Ranking Member)
** Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security (Bobby Scott, Chair; J. Randy Forbes, Ranking Member)
** Immigration, Citizenship, Refugees, Border Security, and International Law (Zoe Lofgren, Chair; Steve King, Ranking Member)
* Natural Resources (Nick Rahall, Chair; Don Young, Ranking Member)
** Energy and Mineral Resources (Jim Costa, Chair; Steve Pearce, Ranking Member)
** Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans (Madeleine Bordallo, Chair; Henry E. Brown Jr., Ranking Member)
** Insular Affairs (Donna Christensen, Chair; Luis Fortuno, Ranking Member)
** National Parks, Forests and Public Lands (Raul Grijalva, Chair; Rob Bishop, Ranking Member)
** Water and Power (Grace F. Napolitano, Chair; Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Ranking Member)
* Oversight and Government Reform (Henry A. Waxman, Chair; Thomas M. Davis, Ranking Member)
** Domestic Policy (Dennis Kucinich, Chair; Darrell Issa, Ranking Member)
** Federal Workforce, Post Office, and District of Columbia (Danny K. Davis, Chair; Kenny Marchant, Ranking Member)
** Government Management, Organization, and Procurement (Edolphus Towns, Chair; Brian Bilbray, Ranking Member)
** Information Policy, Census, and National Archives (Lacy Clay, Chair; Mike Turner, Ranking Member)
** National Security and Foreign Affairs (John F. Tierney, Chair; Christopher Shays, Ranking Member)
* Rules (Louise Slaughter, Chair; David Dreier, Ranking Member)
** Legislative and Budget Process (Alcee Hastings, Chair; Lincoln Diaz-Balart, Ranking Member)
** Rules and the Organization of the House (Jim McGovern, Chair; Doc Hastings, Ranking Member)
* Science and Technology (Bart Gordon, Chair; Ralph M. Hall, Ranking Member)
** Space and Aeronautics (Mark Udall, Chair; Ken Calvert Ranking Member)
** Technology and Innovation (David Wu, Chair; Phil Gingrey, Ranking Member)
** Research and Science Education (Brian Baird, Chair; Vernon Ehlers, Ranking Member)
** Investigations and Oversight (Brad Miller, Chair; Jim Sensenbrenner, Ranking Member)
** Energy and Environment (Nick Lampson, Chair; Bob Inglis, Ranking Member)
* Small Business (Nydia Velazquez, Chair; Steve Chabot, Ranking Member)
** Finance and Tax (Melissa Bean, Chair; Dean Heller, Ranking Member)
** Contracting and Technology (Bruce L. Braley, Chair; Roscoe G. Bartlett, Ranking Member)
** Rural and Urban Entrepreneurship (Heath Shuler, Chair; Jeff Fortenberry, Ranking Member)
** Regulations, Healthcare and Trade (Charles A. Gonzalez, Chair; Lynn Westmoreland, Ranking Member)
** Investigations and Oversight (Jason Altmire, Chair; Louie Gohmert, Ranking Member)
* Standards of Official Conduct (Stephanie Tubbs Jones, Chair; Doc Hastings, Ranking Member)
* Transportation and Infrastructure (James L. Oberstar, Chair; John L. Mica, Ranking Member)
** Aviation (Jerry F. Costello, Chair; Thomas E. Petri, Ranking Member)
** Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation (Elijah E. Cummings, Chair; Steven C. LaTourette, Ranking Member)
** Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management (Eleanor Holmes Norton, Chair; Sam Graves, Ranking Member)
** Highways and Transit (Peter DeFazio, Chair; Jimmy Duncan, Ranking Member)
** Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials (Corrine Brown, Chair; Bill Shuster, Ranking Member)
** Water Resources and Environment (Eddie Bernice Johnson, Chair; Richard Baker, Ranking Member)
* Veterans' Affairs (Bob Filner, Chair; Steve Buyer, Ranking Member)
** Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs (John Hall, Chair; Doug Lamborn, Ranking Member)
** Economic Opportunity (Stephanie Herseth Sandlin, Chair; John Boozman, Ranking Member)
** Health (Michael Michaud, Chair; Jeff Miller, Ranking Member)
** Oversight and Investigations (Harry E. Mitchell, Chair; Ginny Brown-Waite, Ranking Member)
* Ways and Means (Charles B. Rangel, Chair; Jim McCrery, Ranking Member)
** Health (Pete Stark, Chair; Dave Camp, Ranking Member)
** Social Security (Michael McNulty, Chair; Sam Johnson, Ranking Member)
** Income Security and Family Support (Jim McDermott, Chair; Jerry Weller, Ranking Member)
** Trade (Sander M. Levin, Chair; Wally Herger, Ranking Member)
** Oversight (John Lewis, Chair; Jim Ramstad, Ranking Member)
** Select Revenue Measures (Richard E. Neal, Chair; Phil English, Ranking Member)
* Whole

### Joint committees

* Economic (Sen. Chuck Schumer, Chair; Rep. Carolyn B. Maloney, Vice Chair)
* The Library (Rep. Dianne Feinstein, Chair; Rep. Bob Brady, Vice Chair)
* Printing (Rep. Bob Brady, Chair; Sen. Dianne Feinstein, Vice Chair)
* Joint Committee on Taxation (Rep. Charles Rangel, Chair; Sen. Max Baucus, Vice Chair)

## Employees

Other officers and officials include:

### Legislative branch agency directors

* Architect of the Capitol:Alan M. Hantman, until February 2, 2007
** Stephen T. Ayers (acting), thereafter
* Attending Physician of the United States Congress: John F. Eisold
* Comptroller General of the United States: David M. Walker, until 2008
** Eugene Louis Dodaro (acting), from March 13, 2008
* Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Donald B. Marron Jr., until January 18, 2007
** Peter R. Orszag, January 25, 2007 – November 25, 2008
** Robert A. Sunshine (acting), starting November 25, 2008
* Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
* Public Printer of the United States: Robert C. Tapella

### Senate

* Chaplain: Barry C. Black (Seventh-day Adventist)
* Curator: Diane K. Skvarla
* Historian: Richard A. Baker
* Parliamentarian: Alan Frumin
* Secretary: Nancy Erickson
* Librarian: Greg Harness, until 2008
** Mary E. Cornaby, starting 2008
* Sergeant at Arms: Terrance W. Gainer
* Secretary for the Majority: Martin P. Paone, until January 23, 2008
** Lula J. Davis, elected January 23, 2008
* Secretary for the Minority: David J. Schiappa

### House of Representatives

* Chaplain: Daniel P. Coughlin (Roman Catholic)
* Chief Administrative Officer: James M. Eagen III (through February 15, 2007)
** Daniel P. Beard (February 15, 2007 – end)
* Clerk: Karen L. Haas, until February 15, 2007
** Lorraine Miller, elected February 15, 2007
* Historian: Robert V. Remini
* Parliamentarian: John V. Sullivan
* Reading Clerks: Mary Kevin Niland, Susan Cole, Paul Hays (until April 30, 2007)
* Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
* Inspector General: James J. Cornell