OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Warren Wright Sr.

Warren Wright Sr. (September 25, 1875 Springfield, Ohio – December 28, 1950 Miami Beach, Florida), was the owner of one of America's most successful Thoroughbred horse racing operations.

## Biography

Wright was born in Ohio and raised in Chicago. In 1914, he became chairman of Chicago's Calumet Baking Powder company. He took the reins from his father, William Monroe Wright (1851 - 1931) the founder of the company . He guided it so prosperously that Calumet Baking Powder was sold for $32 million in the summer of 1929 to a New York company, Postum. Postum, with numerous acquisitions, soon became General Foods. The purchase and subsequent Wall Street Crash of 1929, just months later, left the Wrights among the wealthiest people in America during the Great Depression.
Warren Wright Sr. would also make his name and that of the family business the "gold standard" for Thoroughbred racing and breeding. William Monroe Wright had moved a Standardbred horse farm from Illinois to Kentucky in 1924. Upon the elder Wright's death in 1931, Warren Wright converted the Lexington farm, which bore the company name, from Standardbreds to Thoroughbreds. During his 18-year reign, Calumet Farm would become a dominant American stable and a tourist destination in the Bluegrass region of Kentucky. Calumet Farm was often compared to the New York Yankees (baseball), Boston Celtics (basketball) and Montreal Canadiens (hockey), as a sports dynasty.
With Ben A. Jones as his trainer, Bull Lea as his main stallion, and a bevy of choice broodmares, Wright bred and raced winners of five American Horse of the Year titles in the 1940s alone. They were: Whirlaway (1941 & 1942), Twilight Tear (1944), Armed (1947), and Citation (1948). Additionally, Calumet's Whirlaway (1941) and Citation (1948) won the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, and were national fan favorites. Wright won four Kentucky Derbys in his lifetime. After his death, his widow Lucille Parker Wright - who had married Admiral Gene Markey - carried on the tradition and won another four as Calumet Farm set the record of eight official Derby winners. Its racing silks were known throughout the land as the famous "devil's red and blue".
In 1934, Mr. Wright had given National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame inductee Eddie Arcaro his start by putting him under contract and letting him ride at Narragansett Park during its inaugural year. Arcaro would ride three of Calumet's Derby winners and both Triple Crown winners.
In late summer of 1949, Mr. Wright suffered a heart attack. Just after his 75th birthday, on December 28, 1950, he died at his winter residence in Miami Beach, Florida. He was interred at Rosehill Mausoleum in Rosehill Cemetery, Chicago.
Warren Wright Sr. has a memorial marker at Thoroughbred Park in Lexington, Kentucky. In 2019, Warren Wright Sr. was honored for his contribution to the Thoroughbred racing industry by the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame as one of its "Pillars of the Turf."
# BVM

BVM may refer to:
* Blessed Virgin Mary (Latin: Beata Virgo Maria), a title for Mary, mother of Jesus
* Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, a university degree
* Bag valve mask, a device used in resuscitation procedures to assist patients in breathing
* Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, an engineering college in Gujarat, India
* Bohemia Visual Music, an American music video network
* Bolsa de Valores de Montevideo, the main stock exchange in Uruguay
* Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a religious order
* Broadcast video monitor, a type of professional video monitor
# Kaylin Andres

Kaylin Marie Andres (May 28, 1985 – November 21, 2016) was an American writer, artist, and fashion designer.

## Biography

She was born on May 28, 1985, in Sacramento, California. She graduated from El Camino Fundamental High School in 2003. When Andres was 23 years old, in 2008, she was diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma. She was in her senior year at the California College of the Arts where she was studying fashion.
While she was in treatment, she wrote about her experience in a blog called Cancer Is Not Funny. For Andres, writing about what she was going through and using humor helped her cope with the experience. Her experiences as a young adult with cancer were chronicled in season two of the MTV series, World of Jenks, and in the comic book, Terminally Illin, published by Last Gasp.
As a fashion designer in New York City, Andres worked with Betsey Johnson and Rachel Antonoff. She lived with Melissa Carroll, a painter who also had Ewing's sarcoma. The pair met during cancer treatment. On March 31, 2014, Carroll passed away after a three-year battle with the disease.
In 2014, Andres exhibited art at Jenn Singer Gallery in Manhattan, New York City, that related to her fight with cancer. "Chemosynthesis" (2014) dealt with the grief of losing her health and accepting her cancer. Two years later, "Viaticum" (2016) also dealt with this acceptance. The work was inspired by a spiritual pilgrimage, in which Andres met Joao de Deus, a faith healer, in Brazil. Through the exhibition, Andres explored the connection between art and birth, as well as the physical and spiritual realms. The works in "Viaticum" are self-portrait photographs printed on silk.
Andres died on November 21, 2016, in Manhattan, New York City, after an eight-year battle with cancer. She was thirty-one years old.
Andres is buried in Sacramento, California.
# 2021 Sagme attack

vteBoko Haram insurgency :
On July 24, 2021, jihadists from Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP) attacked a Cameroonian outpost in Sagme, Cameroon, sparking a battle that killed eight Cameroonian soldiers and twenty jihadists.

## Background

In 2016, Boko Haram founder and commander Abubakar Shekau pledged allegiance to the Islamic State and renamed the group Islamic State – West Africa Province (ISWAP), although the central Islamic State command installed Abu Musab al-Barnawi as the leader of ISWAP. This started a schism that culminated in the Battle of Sambisa Forest in May 2021, where Shekau killed himself and ISWAP effectively became the dominant jihadist group in the Lake Chad region, which includes northern Cameroon.
Boko Haram fighters attacked the town of Sagme in northern Cameroon in 2018, killing six soldiers and 15 jihadists. Throughout 2021, ISWAP attempted to establish ore influence in northern Cameroon, with several attacks on Cameroonian military posts that summer.

## Attack

Cameroonian authorities stated that around 90 jihadists on six vehicles and several motorcycles entered Sagme from the Nigerian border. The jihadists attacked the Cameroonian outpost in Sagme around 4:00 a.m., and all were well-armed with some donning military camouflage. An anonymous Cameroonian soldier who survived the attack said that the post's commander and six other soldiers were killed, and that they had died fighting bravely.
The attack killed eight soldiers, and Cameroonian authorities assessed that twenty jihadists were killed. Six of the Cameroonian soldiers were killed during the battle, and two died en route to a hospital in Maroua. Cameroonian officials added that the ISWAP fighters fled carrying the bodies of their comrades, so the death toll was hard to determine. The United States later assessed that 13 jihadists were killed, citing several accounts. Thirteen soldiers were wounded as well.
Several hundred civilians fled Sagme during and following the attack. The governor of Far North Region, where Sagme is located, urged the civilians to return to their homes and reiterated a prior statement from Paul Biya that reinforcements would arrive in the town. The attack in Sagme was the deadliest day for the Cameroonian army in over ten months.

## Aftermath

ISWAP attacked Far North Region again on July 26, killing five soldiers and a civilian during an attack at Zigue. Around 17 jihadists were killed in the attack as well.
# Édouard Ouellette

Édouard Ouellette (French pronunciation:; November 6, 1860 – February 2, 1931) was a Canadian provincial politician. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Yamaska from 1905 to 1923 and a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec from 1923 until his death in 1931.
# Harland A. McPhetres

Harland Amos McPhetres (February 8, 1892 – May 3, 1972) was an American politician who served as the 37th Mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts.

## Early life

McPhetres was born in Dexter, Maine and moved to Lynn at the age of 15. His father, George H. McPhetres, was the city's street commissioner for many years. McPhetres took the manual training course at Lynn English High School and graduated in 1911. Afterwards, he attended law school, worked as an insurance investigator, and was assistant assessor for the city of Lynn. During World War I, he served in France with the 101st Field Artillery Regiment and was wounded in April 1918. On May 10, 1919, he married his first wife, Marion, in Saugus, Massachusetts. They had one child together.

## Mayoralty

Lynn mayor Walter H. Creamer had a number of disagreements with the city's World War I veterans, and members of the city's American Legion post decided to have McPhetres, the post's commander, challenge him in the 1921 election. His campaign was staffed by ex-servicemen and his wife ran his campaign office. On election day, Creamer was declared the winner by 58 votes. However, a recount found that McPhetres had won by 86 votes. The two faced off again in the 1923 election, which McPhetres won by a two to one margin. He did not run for reelection in 1925.

## Later life

Prior to leaving office, McPhetres opened a Cleveland dealership in Lynn. His wife filed for divorce in 1930 and two years later he married Arlene F. Hulbert in a private ceremony. Hulbert, who was fifteen year's McPhetres' junior, had received her high school diploma from McPhetres when he was mayor. The couple moved to Springfield, Massachusetts, where McPhetres worked for a finance company. He later returned to Lynn, where he sold fire alarms. In 1941, the superintendent of the Essex County Training School accused McPhetres of borrowing equipment he sold to the school in never returning it. McPhetres denied the accusations and the missing equipment was found in the school's attic, where it had been stored for over five years.
In 1929 and 1935, McPhetres was an unsuccessful candidate for mayor of Lynn; losing both times to J. Fred Manning.
McPhetres was a captain in the Military Police Corps during World War II. After the war, he served as executive director of the Lynn Housing Authority. In 1953, he was appointed director of the Massachusetts housing board.
McPhetres died on May 3, 1972 at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Bedford, Massachusetts. He was survived by his third wife, Ethel Linea Anderson.
# Beauford T. Anderson

Beauford Theodore "Andy" Anderson (July 6, 1922 – November 7, 1996) was a United States Army soldier who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War II.

## Early life

Anderson was born on July 6, 1922, in Eagle, Wisconsin, and moved to nearby Soldiers Grove before joining the Army.

## Military service

Enlisting in the United States Army in 1942, Anderson was sent to the South West Pacific theater in July 1944. He earned the Bronze Star while serving on the island of Leyte in the Philippines. By April 13, 1945, he was participating in the Battle of Okinawa as a technical sergeant in the 381st Infantry Regiment, 96th Infantry Division. During a Japanese counterattack at Kakazu Ridge on that day, he single-handedly held off a flanking force by alternately firing his carbine and throwing activated mortar shells. Although seriously wounded by shrapnel during the action, he refused medical evacuation until he had reported the situation to his commander. For these actions, Anderson was awarded the Medal of Honor the next year, on June 27, 1946.
Anderson served in the United States Army Reserve after the war, eventually gaining a commission as a second lieutenant. He left the military on September 30, 1952, after ten years of service.

## Medal of Honor citation

   He displayed conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty. When a powerfully conducted predawn Japanese counterattack struck his unit's flank, he ordered his men to take cover in an old tomb, and then, armed only with a carbine, faced the onslaught alone. After emptying 1 magazine at pointblank range into the screaming attackers, he seized an enemy mortar dud and threw it back among the charging Japs, killing several as it burst. Securing a box of mortar shells, he extracted the safety pins, banged the bases upon a rock to arm them and proceeded alternately to hurl shells and fire his piece among the fanatical foe, finally forcing them to withdraw. Despite the protests of his comrades, and bleeding profusely from a severe shrapnel wound, he made his way to his company commander to report the action. T/Sgt. Anderson's intrepid conduct in the face of overwhelming odds accounted for 25 enemy killed and several machine guns and knee mortars destroyed, thus single-handedly removing a serious threat to the company's flank.

## Later life

After returning from the war, Anderson lived in Beloit, Wisconsin, and later spent time in Mackinac Island, Michigan. Ultimately, he relocated to Monterey County, California, where he served as mayor and city councilman of Seaside and as a Monterey County Supervisor. He lived on a cattle ranch near Hunter Liggett and spent the last years of his life in Salinas.
Anderson died on November 7, 1996. His wife of 50 years, Phyllis, died the next month, on December 23. They are buried together in Arlington National Cemetery.
# Claude B. Hutchison

Claude Burton Hutchison (April 9, 1885 – August 25, 1980) was an American botanist, agricultural economist, educator, and politician who served as the mayor of Berkeley, California, from 1955 to 1963.

## Early life

Hutchison was born on April 9, 1885, in Livingston County near Chillicothe, Missouri, the son of farmer William Moses Hutchison and his wife Ada Smith. Hutchison earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Missouri, where he was also a founding member of FarmHouse fraternity. He was also a member of the Iota Phi chapter of Alpha Phi Omega.
He earned a Master of Science from Cornell University and another from Harvard University.

## Career

Hutchison held teaching positions at the University of Missouri and Cornell University. At Cornell he taught genetics to Barbara McClintock. Hutchison left Cornell for the University of California, Davis. where he was professor of agriculture from 1922 to 1952; dean of the College of Agriculture from 1922 to 1925; and vice president of the University of California from 1945 to 1952.
When he left UC Davis, he served as dean of agriculture at the University of Nevada, Reno until his retirement in 1954. From 1955 to 1963, he was the mayor of Berkeley, California.
In the 1920s, Hutchison went to Europe, serving as director of agricultural education for the International Education Board in Paris. In the 1930s, he was a director of the Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics.

## Personal life

Hutchison married Roxie Pritchard in 1908 and had five children. Hutchison died on August 25, 1980, at the age of 95.

## Honors

Hutchison Hall at the University of California, Davis is named for him.
# Debtors Act 1869

The Debtors Act 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. c. 62) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to reform the powers of courts to detain debtors.

## Detail

In England, debtors owing money could be easily detained by the courts for indefinite periods, being kept in debtor's prisons. Approximately 10,000 people were imprisoned for debt each year during the nineteenth century. However, a prison term did not alleviate a person’s debt; typically, it was required that the creditor be repaid in-full before an inmate was released. Acts of Parliament in 1831 and 1861 had begun the process of reform in this area, but further reform was felt necessary. Among the advocates for debtor's reform was Charles Dickens, who, at the age of 12, saw his father sentenced to debtors' prison. Dickens’ novel Little Dorrit was written to encourage debt reform and was set in the Marshalsea debtors' prison where his father was incarcerated.
In Victorian England, the concepts of credit and debt were closely linked to that of a person's character. Credit was not only determined based on a person's assets and income, but also their social status within the community and their adherence to the moral standards of the time. Going into debt was seen as a moral failure, not merely an economic circumstance, and it was punished accordingly. This system typically favoured the upper classes. It was more difficult for the working classes to obtain credit; and if they went into debt, the penalties they incurred were more severe than those issued to the upper classes. County court judges, who presided over debt and bankruptcy cases, often issued rulings based on the belief that the working classes defaulted on their debts deliberately. In contrast, the upper classes were seen as having an honest desire to repay their debt and were given more lenient treatment.
Declaring bankruptcy allowed a debtor to avoid prison, but this was not an option available to everyone. Until 1861 it was limited to the merchant class. Furthermore, the cost of filing for bankruptcy was £10, which represented 10-20% of the average annual income for the common worker in the mid-1860s.
The Debtors Act 1869 significantly reduced the ability of the courts to detain those in debt, although some provisions were retained. Debtors who had the means to repay their creditors but refused to do so could still be imprisoned, as could those who defaulted on payments to the court. Further reform followed through the Bankruptcy Act 1883. These acts initially reduced the number of debtors sentenced to prison, but by the early twentieth century, the annual number had risen to 11,427, an increase of nearly 2,000 from 1869.
Much of the act has been repealed, but some provisions, such as section 5 relating to the judgment summons procedure, survive.
# France Gaud

Françoise "France" Gaud (born April 9, 1947) is a French sprint canoer who competed in the early 1970s. She was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-1 500 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
# Chloroclystis impudicis

Chloroclystis impudicis is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was first described by John S. Dugdale in 1964. It is endemic to New Zealand, and is found only on Campbell Island. It is a small moth with a wingspan of between 15 and 17mm. The larval host plant is Hebe elliptica.

## Taxonomy

This species was first described by John S. Dugdale in 1964. In 1971 Dugdale placed this species in the genus Pasiphila. In 1988 Dugdale again placed this species in the genus Chloroclystis. The placement of this species in the genus Chloroclystis is in doubt. As a result, this species has also been referred to as Chloroclystis (s.l.) impudicis. The male holotype specimen, collected at Beeman Camp at Beeman Cove, is held at New Zealand Arthropod Collection.

## Description

Dugdale described the larva of this species as follows:
   Dorsal stripe single, spiracular stripe pallid, weakly interrupted; chaetotaxy as in P. inductata; integument scobinations not forming imbricating patterns, and more regular in size; anal shield not apically deflexed.
The wingspan of the adults of this species is 15-17 mm. C. impudicis is externally identical in appearance to other species in this genus found on Campbell Island. This species has been distinguished as a result of differences in its genitalia. C. impudicis is the only species in Chloroclystis in New Zealand to have uncovered male genitalia. The male also lacks antennae pectinations thus making it recognisably different from males in the similar looking species Pasiphila aristias.

## Distribution

C. impudicis is endemic to Campbell Island in New Zealand.

## Hosts

The larval host plant of this species is Hebe elliptica.
# Bedřich Tylšar

Bedřich Tylšar (born 9 July 1939 in Vrahovice, Prostějov, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech horn player and music pedagogue. He is the brother of hornist Zdeněk Tylšar, and a long-term member of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra.
# Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo

Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo was born on 10 January 1887 in the country estate of Vista Bella, province of Aija, Peru, department of Áncash. He was an engineer, physicist and mathematician.

## Early years

He studied at Colegio Nacional de la Libertad (Huaraz) and later the College of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Lima), where he met Peruvian writer Abraham Valdelomar. In 1905 he was admitted into the Mathematical Sciences faculty of the San Marcos National University in Lima. At the end of the 1906 academic year (24 December), he received a distinction from President José Pardo, receiving a gold medal. After this, he traveled to France to get his degree in Electrical Engineering in the University of Grenoble. After that he took further studies at Columbia University. In 1912 he returned to Peru, where he worked as a professor at San Marcos University. After this he traveled around Peru, searching for suitable places to construct hydro-electric central power stations.
In the Third Pan-American Scientific Congress held in Lima, Antúnez de Mayolo presented the work "Hipótesis sobre la constitución de la materia," proposing the existence of a "neutral element" in the atom. Eight years later, Englishman James Chadwick confirmed this theory. In 1934, he proposed the existence of the positron in his article "Los tres elementos constitutivos de la materia." In 1936, David Anderson received the Nobel prize for its discovery.
# Silsby Spalding

Silsby Spalding (May 29, 1886 – May 5, 1949) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the first mayor of Beverly Hills, California, from 1926 to 1928.

## Early life

Silsby Morse Spalding was born on May 29, 1886, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. His father was Salathiel Martin Spalding and his mother, Sarah Eglantine Camp. He studied at the Pomona College Preparatory School in Claremont, California, and later at Stanford University.

## Career

Spalding was a sporting goods magnate. He also served as one of the earliest Presidents of the Aero Club of Southern California, and was an executive at the Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company and the Pan-American Petroleum and Transport Co.
Spalding served as the first Mayor of Beverly Hills, California from 1926 to 1928. During his tenure, he appointed Will Rogers as honorary mayor, garnering worldwide publicity for Beverly Hills.

## Personal life

Spalding married Caroline Canfield (1890-1970), daughter of oilman Charles A. Canfield (1848-1913) in 1911. They had a daughter, Deborah C. Spalding (1921-2011).
In 1912, after Canfield's death, they moved into Grayhall, an estate located at 1100 Carolyn Way, formerly built by Carole Lombard's father as a hunting lodge and later owned by George Hamilton and Bernard Cornfeld. From 1918 to 1921, they lived in the Frank Flint Estate, a Colonial Revival-style mansion resembling a Southern plantation located at 1006 North Crescent Drive. He later purchased the Tecolote Ranch in Goleta, California, where he raised purebred cattle and horses, and grew walnut and citrus trees.

## Death and legacy

Spalding died on May 5, 1949, at his main residence at 1019 Laurel Way in Beverly Hills, California.
Spalding Drive in Beverly Hills is named in his honor.
# Otis Massey

Otis Massey (May 26, 1891 – September 1968) was mayor of Houston, Texas from January 1943 to 1947.

## Early life

Otis Massey was born on May 26, 1891 in Drexel, Missouri.

## Career

Massey was the first mayor of Houston to serve under the city manager form, rather than the city commission form of government. As mayor, he supported a proposal to sell 1331⁄2 acres of land to the M.D. Anderson Foundation in December 1943. This land would be developed into hospitals in the Houston Medical District. He proclaimed May 22, 1946 to be National Maritime Day in Houston.

## Personal life

Massey was married to Mayme Kiser, they had two daughters, Dorothy and Marion.