OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eugene Housley

Grady Eugene Housley (born December 19, 1937) is an American former politician and judge. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1969 to 1978 as a Democrat.
# Bulk micromachining

Bulk micromachining is a process used to produce micromachinery or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Unlike surface micromachining, which uses a succession of thin film deposition and selective etching, bulk micromachining defines structures by selectively etching inside a substrate. Whereas surface micromachining creates structures on top of a substrate, bulk micromachining produces structures inside a substrate.
Usually, silicon wafers are used as substrates for bulk micromachining, as they can be anisotropically wet etched, forming highly regular structures. Wet etching typically uses alkaline liquid solvents, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH) or tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) to dissolve silicon which has been left exposed by the photolithography masking step. These alkali solvents dissolve the silicon in a highly anisotropic way, with some crystallographic orientations dissolving up to 1000 times faster than others. Such an approach is often used with very specific crystallographic orientations in the raw silicon to produce V-shaped grooves. The surface of these grooves can be atomically smooth if the etch is carried out correctly, and the dimensions and angles can be precisely defined. Pressure sensors are usually created by bulk micromachining technique.
Bulk micromachining starts with a silicon wafer or other substrates which is selectively etched, using photolithography to transfer a pattern from a mask to the surface. Like surface micromachining, bulk micromachining can be performed with wet or dry etches, although the most common etch in silicon is the anisotropic wet etch. This etch takes advantage of the fact that silicon has a crystal structure, which means its atoms are all arranged periodically in lines and planes. Certain planes have weaker bonds and are more susceptible to etching. The etch results in pits that have angled walls, with the angle being a function of the crystal orientation of the substrate. This type of etching is inexpensive and is generally used in early, low-budget research.
# ClearBridge Investments

ClearBridge Investments (ClearBridge) is an equities focused asset management firm headquartered in New York City. It was previously the asset management unit of Citigroup until 2005 when it was rebranded as ClearBridge Investments. Currently it is a subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Investments.

## History

ClearBridge traces its origins to several individual asset management firms with the earliest being established in 1962. These firms include the asset management units of Smith Barney, Loeb, Rhoades & Co, Shearson and Salomon Brothers. After a series of mergers, all of these firms became part of Citigroup which was formed in 1998. The asset management units under Citigroup were merged to form its asset management unit, Citigroup Asset Management.
In 2005, Citigroup and Legg Mason performed an asset swap worth $3.7 billion. Citigroup would give Citigroup Asset Management to Legg Mason in exchange for Legg Mason's broker-dealer business. After the transaction was completed, Legg Mason rebranded Citigroup Asset Management to ClearBridge Investments.
In 2007, the Dolan Family attempted to take Cablevision private for $10.6 billion but ClearBridge, the largest shareholder, opposed it and eventually the bid was rejected by shareholders.
In 2013, the Legg Mason Capital Management division that was previously headed by Bill Miller was integrated into ClearBridge.
In 2020, ClearBridge became a subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Investments after its parent company, Legg Mason was acquired by Franklin Templeton Investments.
# Reuben Jeffery III

Reuben Jeffery III (born August 21, 1953) is the former United States Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs, having been appointed to that position by United States President George W. Bush in June 2007. Presently, Reuben Jeffery III is the President, Chief Executive Officer and member of the board of Rockefeller & Co. and Rockefeller Financial Services, Inc. He is a member of the International Advisory Committee of J. Rothschild Capital Management Limited.

## Early life

Reuben Jeffery III was born on August 21, 1953.
Jeffery attended Yale University, receiving a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in 1975. Upon graduation, he joined the management program at Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in New York City. He then moved to Stanford University, where he received both a Master of Business Administration and a Juris Doctor in 1981 (as part of the joint program between the Stanford Graduate School of Business and Stanford Law School).

## Career

Jeffery initially accepted an offer from Davis Polk & Wardwell, before moving on to Goldman Sachs in 1983. He became Managing Partner of Goldman Sachs's European Financial Institutions Group in London in 1992, and then Managing Partner of the Goldman Sachs Paris office in 1997.
Jeffery supported the candidacy of George W. Bush in the 2000 presidential election. In the wake of 9/11, President Bush appointed Jeffery as his Special Advisor on Lower Manhattan Development, and in 2002, Jeffery left Goldman Sachs to take on this responsibility. In 2003, Jeffery became a Special Advisor to L. Paul Bremer, head of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq and then became the Representative and Executive Director of the Coalition Provisional Authority Office in The Pentagon.
He served as a member of the United States National Security Council until 2005, as a Senior Director responsible for International Economic Affairs. Currently he sits in the Board of Directors of Barclays.
In 2005, Jeffery was named the chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
President Bush nominated Jeffery as Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business, and Agricultural Affairs on April 16, 2007 and he was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 21, 2007. He was sworn in by United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on June 27, 2007.
Currently Reuben Jeffery III serves as senior advisor at CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies). On July 27, 2010, Jeffery was hired to be CEO of Rockefeller & Co., a NYC-based asset manager with $43 billion under management.
On May 8, 2012, Jeffery was reported donating $32,000 to Romney Victory Inc.
In 2013, Jeffery was a signatory to an amicus curiae brief submitted to the Supreme Court in support of same-sex marriage during the Hollingsworth v. Perry case.

## Personal life

He is married to Robin Jeffery. They have three children.
# Prosper Bazombanza

Prosper Bazombanza (born 12 February 1960) is a Burundian politician serving as Vice President of Burundi since 23 June 2020. He was appointed to the position by newly elected president Évariste Ndayishimiye.
Bazombanza was born on 12 February 1960 in Rusaka. He graduated from University of Burundi with an engineering degree. He was governor of Mwaro Province from 2002 to 2005. He served as First Vice President of Pierre Nkurunziza from 13 February 2014 to August 2015. Bazombanza served as director general of the National Social Security Institute from 2016 to 2017, and as secretary-general of the Insurance Regulatory and Control Agency.
On June 23, 2020, he was appointed to the post of vice president, replacing First Vice President Gaston Sindimwo following the creation of a single vice presidency.
# Ken Sikkema

Kenneth R. Sikkema (born February 10, 1951) is a Republican politician from Michigan who served in both houses of the Michigan Legislature between 1987 and 2006 representing areas in and around Grand Rapids.
Sikkema served as Republican Leader in the House in the 89th Legislature, and as the Majority Leader of the Senate in the 92nd and 93rd Legislatures.
# Bobby Kritical

Bobby Bernard Turner Jr. (born September 8, 1988), professionally known as Bobby Kritical, is an American record producer, songwriter and audio engineer. He is best known for having produced singles and albums for music industry acts—mainly in hip hop—including K Camp, Gucci Mane, Lil Uzi Vert, and YFN Lucci, among others. His collaborative album with K Camp, Wayy 2 Kritical (2019), was released by Interscope Records.

## Career

Bobby Bernard Turner Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He first received local attention by co-producing "97" for K Camp in 2017. Later in 2017, he received national attention for co-producing songs "For Real" & "Diamonds All on My Wrist" on Lil Uzi Vert's Luv Is Rage 2. Bobby Kritical received national attention in 2018 for producing "Trust Me" by Bhad Bhabie. In 2019, Bobby Kritical was the executive producer for "Wayy 2 Kritical" which was the third studio album for K Camp.

## Production discography
### 2015

K Camp – Only Way Is Up
* 12. "I'm Good"
Lil Uzi Vert – Luv Is Rage
* 11. "Belly"
Rick Ross – Black Dollar
* 17. "Dead Rappers"

### 2016

2 Chainz – Daniel Son; Necklace Don
* 08. "You In Luv with Her" featuring YFN Lucci
2 Chainz – ColleGrove
* 09. "100 Joints"

### 2017

K Camp
* 00. "Good Problem"
Lil Uzi Vert – Luv Is Rage 2
* 06. "For Real"
* 19. "Diamonds All on My Wrist"

### 2018

YFN Lucci – Freda's Son
* 02. "Front Row in LA"
* 03. "650 Luc"
Bhad Bhabie – 15 (mixtape)
* 13. "Trust Me" featuring Ty Dolla Sign
JID – DiCaprio 2
* 12. "Just Da Other Day"

### 2019

Gucci Mane – Woptober II
* 10. "Wop Longway Takeoff" featuring Peewee Longway and Takeoff

### 2020

K Camp – Kiss Five
* 10. "Black Men Don't Cheat" featuring Ari Lennox, 6lack and Tink
* 11. "Top 10" featuring Yella Beezy
# Creme Yvette

Creme Yvette, also called Creme d'Yvette or Creme de Yvette, is a proprietary liqueur made from parma violet petals with blackberries, red raspberries, wild strawberries and cassis, honey, orange peel and vanilla. It was once manufactured by Charles Jacquin et Cie in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who purchased the brand formerly made by Sheffield Company of Connecticut. It became almost impossible to find after production stopped in 1969. The liqueur was, however, resurrected in 2009 by Rob Cooper, the creator of St-Germain elderflower liqueur.
According to Martha Stewart's Living magazine, March 2010, "Creme Yvette, a 100-year-old violet liqueur, has been rereleased. Blending fresh berries, vanilla, spices, and violet petals, the purple liqueur has an understated sweetness that really comes alive when mixed with sparkling wine."
Most drinks calling for Creme Yvette can be made using creme de violette.
# Erin Easter

Erin Easter (born 1982 or 1983) is the current mayor of West Lafayette, Indiana, United States.

## Education

Easter attended Lafayette Jefferson High School, and earned both a bachelor's and master's degree in communications from Purdue University.

## Career

Easter's first foray into politics was as a field organizer for Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign in Ohio. After returning to Indiana, she moved to West Lafayette and worked for Greater Lafayette Commerce starting in 2009.
In 2018, Easter became the city's Deputy Director of Development, and in 2020, she was promoted to Director of Development.
After working closely with then-mayor John Dennis Jr. for several years, Dennis was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and suggested to Easter that she run for mayor. Easter, a Democrat, announced her campaign in December 2022, and in November 2023 she ran for mayor unopposed.
Easter was sworn in as mayor on December 28, 2023, officially starting her term on January 1, 2024.

## Personal life

Easter lives in New Chauncey, West Lafayette with her husband and children.
# Loïc Vergnaud

Loïc Vergnaud (born 1 December 1978) is a French Para-cyclist who represented France at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Career

Vergnaud represented France at 2021 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships where he won silver in the road race H5 and road time trial H5 events.
Vergnaud represented France in the men's road time trial H5 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and won a silver medal. He also won a silver medal in the men's road race H5 event.
# Hormiphora

Hormiphora is a genus of comb jellies of the family Cydippidae. The genus was erected by Louis Agassiz in 1860.
Nearly two dozen species are recognized:
* Hormiphora australis (Benham, 1907)
* Hormiphora californensis (Torrey, 1904)
* Hormiphora cilensis (Ghigi, 1909)
* Hormiphora cucumis (Mertens, 1833)
* Hormiphora elliptica (Eschscholtz, 1829)
* Hormiphora foliosa Haeckel, 1904
* Hormiphora hormiphora (Gegenbaur, 1856)
* Hormiphora luminosa Dawydoff, 1946
* Hormiphora ochracea (A. Agassiz & Mayer, 1902)
* Hormiphora octoptera (Mertens, 1833)
* Hormiphora palmata Chun, 1898
* Hormiphora piriformis Ghigi, 1909
* Hormiphora polytrocha Dawydoff, 1946
* Hormiphora punctata Moser, 1909
* Hormiphora sibogae Moser, 1903
* Hormiphora spatulata Chun, 1898
# António Ribeiro

Dom António II Ribeiro (21 May 1928 – 24 March 1998) was a Portuguese cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, and Patriarch of Lisbon from 1971 until his death in 1998.
Born at São Clemente de Basto, Celorico de Basto, son of José Ribeiro (born ca 1860) and wife Ana Gonçalves (born ca 1904), both from the same location, Ribeiro was ordained a priest of the Braga Archdiocese on 5 July 1953. Fourteen years later, on 3 July 1967, he was appointed Auxiliary bishop of Braga as titular bishop of Tigillava, and ordained on 17 September.
Ribeiro graduated with a degree in Theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University of Rome. His doctoral thesis, defended in 1959, was on The Doctrine of Errors in Saint Thomas Aquinas. Transferred from Braga to Lisbon, he was appointed chaplain of one of the branches of Catholic Action (LUC/F), and lectured at the Instituto Superior de Cultura Católica, and at the Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, of the Technical University of Lisbon. He also visited the Theological Faculties of Innsbruck and Munich.
Meanwhile, in 1960 he took on a weekly tv program called Dia do Senhor (The Lord's Day), and collaborated with several religious magazines and newspapers, beyond his own publications.
On Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira's retirement as Patriarch in 1971, Ribeiro was appointed his successor and, a year later, also Vicar Apostolic of the Portuguese Military. He was created Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana by Pope Paul VI, on 5 March 1973, which made him, at the age of 44, the youngest cardinal in the XXth century since Cerejeira himself, forty-four years earlier. As such, he participated in the 1978 August and October Conclaves. In 1991, he was appointed as the papal envoy to the 5th Centennial Celebration of Evangelization, in Luanda, Angola.
Recognised as a man of compromise (and markedly less close to the Estado Novo government than Cerejeira had been), Ribeiro was nevertheless very determined in defending the rights and privileges of the Church in his country.
He died of cancer in Lisbon in 1998 at age 69 and is buried in the tomb of the patriarchs in the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora. He was the Principal Consecrator in 1978 of José da Cruz Policarpo, who succeeded him as Patriarch, and in 1989 of Januário Ferreira, who succeeded him as Military vicar of Portugal in 2001.
# Sauchen

Sauchen is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland that lies 3 miles (5 km) west of Dunecht and 10 miles (16 km) west of Aberdeen.
The village has around 200 houses, and is serviced by Cluny Primary School which is located around 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the centre. Near the centre of the village lies Sauchen Play Park for children. There are no amenities like shops, cafes, restaurants, bars, or hotels in the village.
Nearby is Shiels, an eighteenth century mansion with gathering hall. It was built in 1742 for West India trader, Charles MacKay of Shiels.

## Sources

* Sauchen in the Gazetteer for Scotland.
# Peter Sturrock (MP)

Peter Sturrock (1820 – 7 March 1904) was a Scottish civil engineer, colliery owner and provost of Kilmarnock and a Conservative politician.
Sturrock was the son of David Sturrock, of Struthers, near Kilmarnock and his wife Helen Woodbum. He was educated at Kilmarnock Academy and at Glasgow. Sturrock married Helen Hutchinson Guthrie in 1850. He was a civil engineer, a colliery owner, and a director of North British Canadian Investment Co., and Scottish Ontario Land Co. He was provost of Kilmarnock and a justice of the peace for Ayrshire He was one of the founders and president of the Kilmarnock Burns Club.
He was elected at the 1885 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kilmarnock Burghs, with a majority of only 132 votes, but was defeated at 1886 general election.
Sturrock purchased Baltesan Castle with the intention of restoring it, but the plans never came to fruition.
Sturrock died at the age of 83.
# Alpine field mouse

The alpine field mouse (Apodemus alpicola) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Austria, France, Italy, Germany and Switzerland.
# Traumatic pistol

A traumatic pistol or traumatic handgun is a non-lethal weapon in the form of a pistol that fires non-lethal projectiles, typically rubber bullets.
Some gas pistols have an option of loading rubber bullets.

## Legality

* Kazakhstan: in 2008 traumatic pistols were allowed for sale for general population, however the permission was retracted in 2014. That year it was estimated 17,800 citizens owned traumatic pistols. By the law these pistols are allowed for law enforcement agencies and private security guards.
* Romania: By a 2004 law, nonlethal weapons are permitted for population provided they are registered.
* Russia: Russian law does not use the term "traumatic pistol" and since 2011 the Russian Federal Law on Weapons classified them as "огнестрельное оружие ограниченного поражения" (ОООП), "firearms of limited lethality". For civil models there are limitations on muzzle energy, number of cartridges in the magazine (drum), etc.
    Informal terms резинострел, rezinostrel, ("rubbershoot") and травмат, travmat are also used in Russia.
* Ukraine: A permit must be obtained from the Civil Security Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The civilian models are subject to strict power restrictions.
# Gish Bar Patera

Gish Bar Patera is a patera, or a complex crater with scalloped edges, on Jupiter's moon Io. It is 106.3 by 115.0 kilometers and 9,600 km$^2$ in area. It is located at 16°11′N 90°16′W﻿ / ﻿16.18°N 90.26°W﻿ / 16.18; -90.26. It is named after the Babylonian sun god Gish Bar. Its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1997. It is located at the southern base of Gish Bar Mons, an 11-kilometer-high mountain. To the northeast is Skythia Mons, and to the east is Monan Mons, at the north and south ends of which are Monan Patera and Ah Peku Patera.
The NASA spacecraft Galileo has detected volcanic activity in Gish Bar Patera's past, particularly in 1996, and a new eruption was detected by Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer in August 2001. The western section of the patera is mostly green, with a few bright spots, whereas the eastern section is mostly orange. The active northwestern region of Gish Bar Patera has a mottled floor from several eruptions. The patera's flows may be composed of silicates.
# Andainette

The Andainette (French pronunciation:) is a river in the department of Orne, in the Normandy region, France. It is a left tributary of the Varenne, thus a sub-tributary of the river Loire via the Mayenne and Maine. It is 12.5 km (7.8 mi) long, and has a catchment area of 41 km$^2$ (16 sq mi). The valleys of the Andainette and its tributaries are protected as a Natura 2000 site called Bassin de l'Andainette.
# Stroboscopic Artefacts

Stroboscopic Artefacts is a recording label based in Berlin, Germany. It is owned and managed by Luca Mortellaro, better known by the production alias "Lucy." This record label is notable for releasing experimental techno and electronica to positive critical review.
The label also has a significant visual component, with a focus on album art and promotional videos created by the "Oblivious Artefacts" group, also known for their works with comparable techno labels such as Prologue.
# Pyragas method

In the mathematics of chaotic dynamical systems, in the Pyragas method of stabilizing a periodic orbit, an appropriate continuous controlling signal is injected into the system, whose intensity is nearly zero as the system evolves close to the desired periodic orbit but increases when it drifts away from the desired orbit. Both the Pyragas and OGY (Ott, Grebogi and Yorke) methods are part of a general class of methods called "closed loop" or "feedback" methods which can be applied based on knowledge of the system obtained through solely observing the behavior of the system as a whole over a suitable period of time. The method was proposed by Lithuanian physicist Kęstutis Pyragas [lt].
# Callum Smith vs. Nieky Holzken

Callum Smith vs. Nieky Holzken was a professional boxing match contested on 24 February 2018.

## Background

On 27 October 2017, 39 year old former world champion Jürgen Brähmer (49–3, 35 KOs) defeated American boxer Robert Brant to advance to the semi-finals against Callum Smith, who had defeated Erik Skoglund a month earlier, with the fight scheduled to take place in early 2018. A couple days later, Smith spoke out stating he would like the fight to take place in his home city of Liverpool, however would be open to fighting anywhere else. On 15 November, promoter Kalle Sauerland stated the fight could take place in Liverpool at the Echo Arena or Germany.
Smith's trainer Joe Gallagher believed a fight in Germany would be unfair on Smith, due to Germany having gained a reputation for contentious decisions and home fighters receiving questionable wins. He later went on to state the fight should take place on neutral ground, mentioning Monte Carlo, Dublin and Amsterdam as potential locations.
On 11 January 2018, the fight was finally announced to take place at the Arena Nürnberger in Nuremberg, Germany on 24 February, a week after the first semi final between George Groves and Chris Eubank Jr..
On 20 February, four days before the fight, German website boxen1.com reported that Brähmer had withdrawn from the tournament after failing to overcome an illness he had been fighting for a week. Comosa stated the event would still go ahead with a replacement to be announced. 34 year old Dutch kickboxer and boxer Nieky Holzken (13–0, 10 KOs), who was scheduled to fight on the undercard against Dmitry Chudinov, became the frontrunner to replace Brähmer. In a short statement, Brähmer stated he had a 'feverish infection' and apologised to his fans. Promoter Kalle Sauerland later confirmed that Holzken was the reserve fighter and would replace Brähmer and fight Smith.

## The fight

Smith used his jab from the opening bell and managed to control the distance throughout the fight, also managing to land his right hand successfully on many occasions. Holzken was the faster and frequently more aggressive fighter, however Smith was far more busier in each round. Each round was the same with Smith standing straight up, jabbing constantly and throwing right hands.
After 12 rounds the three judges scored the fight 118–110, 117–111 and 117–111 in favour of Smith giving him a unanimous decision victory.

## Aftermath

In the post-fight, Smith stated, "He was tough but I landed a lot jabs and my hand hurts a little bit. He was awkward, novicey but I'm not engaging in a shoot-out. I'm the better boxer." George Groves faced off with Smith immediately after the interviews took place.

## Undercard

Confirmed bouts:

## Broadcasting

| Country | Broadcaster |
| Baltic & Nordic countries | Viasat |
| Belgium | VOO |
| Bulgaria | Nova |
| Canada | Super Channel |
| Germany | SAT.1 |
| Russia | Match! Boets |
| Singapore | StarHub |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | TVMS |
| Turkey | Tivibu Sports |
| United Kingdom | ITV |
| United States | Audience |
| Ukraine | Inter |