OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Economics of Strategy

Economics of Strategy is a textbook by David Besanko, David Dranove, Scott Schaefer, and Mark Shanley. The book offers an economic foundation for strategic analysis. The text was initially published in 1996 by John Wiley & Sons and, as of 2017, available in its seventh edition. Economics of Strategy is one of the leading books of its kind and has earned loyalty both as a classroom tool and as a professional reference book. The signature book covers feature famous impressionist paintings. The Economics of strategy, 5th édition has been translated into French by Thierry Burger-Helmchen, Julien Pénin and Caroline Hussler, under the title "Principes économiques de stratégie", edited by DeBoeck.

## Overview

This influential business book provides a detailed and comprehensive text offering a link between economic theory and business applications. The book uses economic theory to discuss and to quantify popular concepts of modern business strategy. The text is technical in its approach but accessible due to its numerous real-world examples. The examples are drawn from around the globe and cover various business practices from the eighteenth century to modern days. Key economic principles discussed include economies of scale, economies of scope, transaction-cost economics, market entry, and commitment and agency issues.

## Sections

* Part One centers on the boundaries of the firm;
* Part Two discusses competition;
* Part Three focuses on positioning and sustaining advantage; and
* Part Four covers the interface among the theory of the firm, organization design, and business strategy.
# Open Software in the Military Industry

Open software in the military industry refers to the use of open-source software (OSS) applications, frameworks, and tools in various military contexts. This approach contrasts with traditional proprietary software, offering unique advantages like cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and collaborative development but also bringing such challenges as security breaches and reliability. Also, US military sees the pressure from the ongoing wars across the globe and challenges on behalf of authoritarian regimes, that pushes US Army to boost their technological advance, that leads to using more broadly of open source software.

## History

The use of open software in the military industry has been influenced by the broader acceptation of open-source software. Initially it gained criticism but also innovation, cost reduction, and thus it became more popular.
In 2003, The U.S. Department of Defense has officially authorized the use of open-source software, provided it meets departmental policies and security standards, according to a policy memo by John P. Stenbit. This decision was praised by open-source advocate Tony Stanco.

## Impact on military technology

Open software has significantly impacted military technology. It has been instrumental in developing command and control systems, cybersecurity measures, and simulation and training software. The adaptability of open software allows for rapid modification and customization, which is crucial in the dynamic military context.

## Examples of open software in military use

* Red Hat Enterprise Linux: Used in various defense systems for its stability and security.
* Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS): An open standard for conducting real-time platform-level war simulation.
* The FalconView Mapping System: An open-source GIS software used by the U.S. Department of Defense.
# Rebecca Thompson

Rebecca Caroline Thompson is an American physicist, popular science writer, and head of the Office of Education and Public Outreach at Fermilab. Her first book, Fire, Ice, and Physics, explores the science of Game of Thrones, and was published by MIT Press in 2019. She was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2016.

## Early life and education

Thompson was born in Chicago and raised near Annapolis, Maryland. Her father was a physicist and her mother a high school principal. Thompson was encouraged by one of her friends to take a class in physics, and enjoyed it so much she decided to study it at university. She was the youngest person in Delaware to get her skydiving license.
Thompson majored in physics at Bryn Mawr College. She moved to the University of Texas at Austin for her graduate studies, where she studied pattern formation in buckled membranes using computational modeling. She worked under the supervision of Michael Marder in the Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics. Specifically, she looked at the morphology of nano-flowers that form at the tip of silicon nanowires as well as the formation of ripples in sheets of graphene. The silicon nanowire tips form nano-flowers when in the presence of different gases. In the nano-flower formation process, the nanowires extend, and intricate patterns of silicon oxide start to form. She has shown that the nanowires extend more in the presence of gold, and that nano-flowers only form in the presence of oxygen. She reported that ripples in graphene sheets can be understood by considering the adsorption of hydroxide molecules in random sites across the graphene layers. The process of adsorbing hydroxide causes the carbon – carbon bonds to extend, which can result in static buckling. During her graduate studies, she became more interested in teaching and doing physics outreach.

## Career

In 2008, Thompson joined the American Physical Society as Head of Public Outreach. At APS, Thompson created the comic series Spectra: The Original Laser Superhero. The series, illustrated by Kerry G. Johnson and published by Physics Central, followed a middle school student (Lucy Hene) with laser-related superpowers. These included being able to pass through transparent surfaces, change colors depending on her levels of energy and play compact discs. The comic book was popular amongst physicist and comic book readers, and was part of the annual comic book convention San Diego Comi-Con'.
Thompson was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2016. Thompson is a fan of Game of Thrones, and wrote Fire, Ice, and Physics, the Science of Game of Thrones for MIT Press in 2019. In 2019 Thompson joined Fermilab as Head of the Office of Education and Public Outreach. The American Association for the Advancement of Science selected Thompson as a fellow in 2023.

## Selected publications

* Thompson, Rebecca C. (2020). Fire, Ice, and Physics: The science of Game of Thrones. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04307-6. OCLC 1083675174.
# List of Internet phenomena in Pakistan

The following phenomena specific to the Internet within Pakistan significantly influenced Pakistan and other countries' internet culture.

## Yeh bik gayi hai gormint

In July 2016, an elderly Pakistani woman from Karachi said this (lit. This government is sold out) while being interviewed by Waqt News, and it became the biggest meme in Pakistan in 2016. The woman went on to say that, "saare milke hum ko pagal bana rahay hain" (together these people are deceiving us), after which she spewed a list of expletives. The video of the woman going on an abusive rant against the government went viral, and memes followed. When the video hit social media again in 2017, it became a viral meme. According to the India Today, the woman said "what every common man feels deep down inside - that their government is corrupted - and this applies for people across the world". It was also parodied by actor Irrfan Khan.

## Pawri Ho Rai Hai

In February 2021, 19-year-old Islamabadian Dananeer Mubeen made a short video with her friends portraying a mockery of "burger people", which is Pakistani slang for those who try to emulate Western culture, saying, "Yeh hamari car hai, aur yeh hum hein aur yeh hamari pawri ho rai hai!" (This is our car, and these are us, and this is our party taking place!)
The video went viral on social media and started a meme trend by people and celebrities joining the bandwagon by making videos. The video also became viral in neighboring India after Yashraj Mukhate's composition, and in both the countries different hashtags #PawriHoRaiHai #PawriHoRahiHai #PawriHoriHai trended on Twitter with people, celebrities, brands and organizations posted following the trend.
# Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South

The Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer Award – South is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for South Indian films.

## Superlatives

| Superlative | Cinematographer | Record |
| Most awards | K. K. Senthil Kumar | 4 wins |
| Most consecutive awards | Santosh Sivan | 2 wins |
| Most awards in a single language | K. K. Senthil Kumar | 4 wins (Telugu) |
# Agent Recon

Agent Recon is a 2024 American science fiction action film written, directed, and co-produced by Derek Ting. The film stars Ting, Marc Singer and Chuck Norris.
The film was Norris's first film role since The Expendables 2 (2012), and was released in the United States on June 21, 2024.

## Cast

* Derek Ting as Jim Yung
* Marc Singer as Colonel Green
* Chuck Norris as Captain Alastair
* Sylvia Kwan as Tanya
* Jason Scott Jenkins as Miller
* Matthew Ryan Burnett as Aaron Klak
* Nikki Leigh as Captain Lila Rupert
* Christopher Showerman as Doctor Penn / Alpha

## Production

In October 2023, it was revealed that an action science fiction film titled Agent Recon had completed principal photography with Derek Ting directing, writing, and starring in it. Marc Singer, Chuck Norris, Sylvia Kwan, Jason Scott Jenkins, Matthew Ryan Burnett, Nikki Leigh, and Christopher Showerman rounded out the cast.

## Release
### Streaming

Agent Recon was released in the United States by Quiver Distribution on June 21, 2024.
# Supanecan languages

The Supanecan or Tlapanecan languages are Tlapanec (Me'phaa) of Guerrero and the extinct Subtiaba of Nicaragua. The family was recognized in 1925 by Edward Sapir, who linked them to his Hokan proposal. However, they are the most recently recognized members of the Oto-Manguean language family, the relationship having been demonstrated in 1977 by Jorge Suárez. The Oto-Manguean affiliation of Tlapaneco-Subtiaba is supported by Kaufman (2016).
According to Costenla (1994), these two languages diverged sometime after 1200 AD.
Sapir proposed that a third language, the extinct Maribo of the village of Maribichicoa, on the Guatajiguala River in Lencan country in El Salvador, may have been the closest relative of Subtiaba, or that it in fact was Subtiaba. However, Campbell (1975) questions this.
# Muriel Lester

Muriel Lester (9 December 1883 – 11 February 1968) as a social reformer, pacifist and nonconformist. She was born in Leytonstone and grew up at Loughton, where she was a member of the Union Church.

## Biography

Muriel Lester was a daughter of Henry Lester, a Baptist businessman, president of the Essex Baptist Union and chairman of West Ham school board. She was baptized in 1898, at 15. In Loughton, she lived with her parents at The Grange, and afterwards acquired a wooden house, Rose Cottage, which she renamed Rachel Cottage, and used as a holiday home for East-end children.
Lester became a vegetarian as a child due to influence from the headteacher's wife at her school. She remained a strict vegetarian throughout her life. In her later years, she rejected a parcel of vitamin pills and liver capsules an American friend had sent her as they were not vegetarian.
She was responsible, along with her sister Doris Lester, for Kingsley Hall, named after her brother who died young, aged 26. In 1934 she became Ambassador-At-Large and afterwards Traveling Secretary for the International Fellowship of Reconciliation.
Lester first met Mahatma Gandhi in 1926 and became a close friend. She accompanied Gandhi on his tour of earthquake-shaken regions in Bihar on his anti-untouchability tour during 1934. He stayed at Kingsley Hall, the Lesters' foundation at Bow. There is a blue plaque to the Lester sisters on the cottage, no.49 Baldwins Hill, Loughton, which they acquired after The Grange and Rachel Cottage were sold for flats. This second cottage had previously been occupied by Sir Jacob Epstein.
During the Spanish Civil War Muriel Lester was an active pacifist. She is pictured at a pacifist conference in 1936, standing fourth from the left of the photograph, in the Wikipedia entry for José Brocca. In his book White Corpuscles in Europe (1939) the American writer Allan A. Hunter viewed the close of the Spanish Civil War and the opening of World War II from across the Atlantic, and despite the desolate outlook in Europe saw some grounds for optimism in the work of humanitarians including Muriel Lester.
Muriel Lester retired from full-time work in 1958 and in 1963 she became a Freeman of the Borough of Poplar on her eightieth birthday. She was recognized as one of the world's leading pacifists and The Nobel Prize organisation believes she may have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize at some point prior to the Second World War. (Records of nominees were not kept prior to 1939.) The since renamed Muriel Lester Cooperative House at the University of Michigan was named after her.

## Family

Lester is the aunt of George Hogg. They travelled together to Japan in 1937, from where Hogg continued to Shanghai and later the Chinese hinterlands; he subsequently became famous for saving 60 orphaned boys, marching them 1,100 km to safety.
# Ali Khemiri

Ali Khemiri (Arabic: علي الخميري) is a Tunisian actor.

## Filmography
### Cinema

* 2000: The Season of Men by Moufida Tlatli
* 2006 : Bin El Widyene (Between the rivers) by Khaled Barsaoui
* 2008: L'Accident (The accident) by Rachid Ferchiou
* 2010: Fin décembre (End of December) by Moez Kamoun
* 2015: Conflit (Conflict) by Moncef Barbouch

### Television

* 1996: El Khottab Al Bab by Slaheddine Essid, Ali Louati and Moncef Baldi (guest of honor in episode 3 of season 1): the commissioner
* 2001: Dhafayer by Habib Mselmani, Madih Belaid and Abdelhakim Alimi: Chikh Trab
* 2002: Itr Al Ghadhab by Habib Mselmani and Ridha Kaham: Moncef Neji
* 2003: Ikhwa wa Zaman by Hamadi Arafa, Wajiha Jendoubi and Dhafer Neji: Ali
* 2005: Halloula w Sallouma by Ibrahim Letaief and Fares Naânaâ: Halloula's father
* 2006:
** Hayet Wa Amani by Mohamed Ghodhbane and Jamel Eddine Khelif
** Hkeyet El Aroui
* 2007: Layali el bidh (ar) (guest of honor of episode 18): the commissioner
* 2008: Choufli Hal by Slaheddine Essid and Abdelkader Jerbi (guest of honor of episodes 29 and 30 of season 4): Omrane
* 2009: Achek Assarab: Noureddine Lasmer
* 2009–2011: Njoum Ellil by Madih Belaid, Amir Majouli and Mehdi Nasra
* 2010: Min Ayyem Maliha by Abdelkader Jerbi
* 2011: Master Malek by Fraj Slama: Hassan Ben Moumen
* 2012: Onkoud El Ghadhab by Naim Ben Rhouma, Hichem Akermi and Abdelkader Bel Hadj Nasser
* 2013:
** Layem by Khaled Barsaoui, Jamil Najjar and Tahar Fazaâ
** Awled Lebled (pilot episode) by Slim Ben Hafsa and Yassine Cherif
** Yawmiyet Aloulou (Guest of honor of episode 15) by Kamel Youssef, Tarek Ben Hjal and Béchir Mannai: Salah
* 2015:
** More beautiful life (season 11: Bonus: debt of honor) by Didier Albert: Kader
** Tunisian stories by Nada Mezni Hafaiedh (guest of honor)
* 2016:
** Madrasat Arasoul by Anouar Ayachi and Ali Eddeb: Omar Ibn Abdelaziz
** Awled Moufida by Sami Fehri and Saoussen Jemni
** Flashback by Mourad Ben Cheikh
** Dima Ashab by Abdelkader Jerbi: Hmaida
* 2017: Dawama by Naim Ben Rhouma, Mohamed Ali Mihoub and Abdelmonem Haouas: Ibrahim, Yousra's father
* 2018: Washing of Nabil Bessaida, Seifeddine Dhrif and Mariem Ben Jemai: Sadok, Racha's father
* 2019: Ali Chouerreb (season 2) by Madih Belaid, Rania Mlika and Rabii Takeli
* 2024: Fallujah (Guest of honor of episodes 1, 16 and 19 of season 2) by Saoussen Jemni: Farhat, director of a rural school
* 2024 : Beb Rezk by Heifel Ben Youssef

## TV movies

* 2006: Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Khaldūn by Habib Mselmani
* 2007: Powerful by Habib Mselmani

## Theater

* 2004: Portraits (Choukhouss), text by Abdelbaki Mehri and direction by Ali Khemiri
* 2012: Crazy Carthage (Al Jamâa) by Hédi Oueld Baballah, text by Béchir Chaâbouni and Hédi Ben Amor
# Babitz

Babitz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eve Babitz (1943–2021), American visual artist and author
* Sol Babitz (1911–1982), American violinist, musicologist, teacher, writer, and pioneer of historically informed performance
# East Kyo

East Kyo is a small hamlet in the civil parish of Stanley, in County Durham, England. It is situated a short distance to the west of Stanley, close to Annfield Plain, West Kyo (15 minutes walk to the west), Oxhill and Harperley. The hamlet of East Kyo consists of two farms and East Kyo House, a former public house. The public house may have had the nickname The Widowers.
The name 'kyo' is derived from an old word for 'cow'.
# Hanner Fieldhouse

Hanner Fieldhouse is a 4,325-seat multi-purpose arena in Statesboro in the U.S. state of Georgia. It was built in 1969 and was home to the Georgia Southern University men's and women's basketball teams. It currently serves as home to the Georgia Southern Eagles women's volleyball team. It hosted the 1985 and 1992 Atlantic Sun Conference men's basketball tournaments.
In addition to athletic events, Hanner Fieldhouse was also home to the university's fall commencement ceremonies and featured an election rally by then-president George W. Bush in 2006. In 2007, the university held three separate ceremonies at the facility to accommodate the university's growing number of graduates. The older Hanner Gymnasium, which is part of the newer complex, hosted a Rolling Stones concert on May 4, 1965.
On July 21, 2014, the university announced that Hanner Fieldhouse was closed until further notice for construction. In October 2014, the Fieldhouse reopened after minor renovations and held the university's 23rd-annual fall commencement.

## New arena

In February 2021, Georgia Southern unveiled plans for a new convocation center in the university's "South Campus" expansion to replace Hanner Fieldhouse. The arena was named the Jack and Ruth Ann Hill Convocation Center, after the late Jack and Ruth Ann Hill, both of whom were Georgia Southern alumni. Natives of nearby Reidsville, Jack Hill was a long-serving Georgia state senator whose district included Statesboro and Bulloch County, and Ruth Ann Hill was a career educator, retiring as principal of Reidsville Elementary School. The convocation center cost $64.4 million and seats 5,500 people for basketball games and up to 5,900 for convocation, commencement, and other events. Groundbreaking for the new convocation center took place on May 26, 2022, and the center opened in December 2024. As of the 2024–25 season, Hill Convocation Center will begin hosting men's and women's basketball games while Hanner Fieldhouse will continue to host women's volleyball matches.
# Lucas dos Santos

Lucas dos Santos Parize (born 8 May 1995) is a former Peruvian footballer who played as a midfielder.

## Early and personal life

Born in Lima, Peru, dos Santos is the son of former Brazilian footballer Marquinho, during his father's time with Alianza Lima. Following his retirement as a player, dos Santos helped his father set up a YouTube channel, named "Tiro Libre" (Free Kick).

## Club career

dos Santos began his career in the academies of Brazilian sides São Paulo and Ponte Preta. In 2013, he emigrated to Germany, joining the academy of Waldhof Mannheim, where he spent a season and a half. After a brief spell with Fortuna Köln in early 2014, a collapsed move to SV Pullach saw him train instead with SC Pfullendorf, representing the club in friendly games.
In 2015 he dropped down to the tenth division of German football, signing for Latino Munich. After nine games, in which he scored thirteen goals, he moved to Bezirksliga Oberbayern-Süd side Anadolu Bayern.
He later returned to Peru, joining Segunda División side Sport Victoria in 2018. However, he only managed four appearances for the club before joining fellow Segunda División side Los Caimanes in 2019. However, he failed to make an appearance for Los Caimanes, and ended his career having left the club at the end of the season.

## International career

dos Santos was eligible to represent both Brazil and Peru at international level. While training in Germany, he expressed his desire to be called up to then-manager of the Peru under-20 side, Víctor Rivera.
He represented Brazil at the 2019 Summer Universiade, scoring once in a 3–0 win over South Africa, as Brazil finished the tournament as runners-up to Japan.

## Career statistics
### Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Latino Munich | 2015–2016 | A-Klasse 4 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 13 |
| Anadolu Bayern | 2015–2016 | Bezirksliga Oberbayern-Süd | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 2 |
| Sport Victoria | 2018 | Peruvian Segunda División | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Los Caimanes | 2019 | Liga 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 26 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 15 |
# Prehotep I

The ancient Egyptian noble Prehotep I (also known as Rahotep, Parahotep, Prehotep the Elder, Parehotp) was Vizier in the latter part of the reign of Ramesses II, during the 19th Dynasty.
Prehotep in hieroglyphs :

## Family

Parahotep is mentioned on two monuments belonging to the High Priest of Osiris Wennufer. On a statue now in the Athens Museum, the city governor and vizier Rahotep is said to be the (grand-)son of the High Priest of Osiris To and to be born of Maianuy. Wennufer also included his brother Prehotep in a family monument from Abydos. The vizier Nebamun is also said to be a brother of Wennufer and Prehotep. On another monument however Nebamun is said to be a son of Ramose and Sheritre, so he is more likely to be a cousin.

## Monuments

Prehotep is known from a stela in Abydos (Cairo Jde 19775) which depicts Prehotep with two other men and three women adoring Osiris and Isis. A canopic jar with Selqet and Qebehsenuef protecting Prehotep is now in Brussels (E. 5901).
Prehotep is mentioned on Wennufer's monuments as mentioned in the section about family above.

## Identity with vizier Prehotep II

* for the possible identity with a namesake, compare: Prehotep II (Vizier)
# Samuel Augustine Miller

Samuel Augustine Miller (October 16, 1819 – November 19, 1890) was a politician, member of the Confederate Congress and military officer in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

## Biography

He was born to Reuben C. and Atlantic Ocean Walton Miller in Shenandoah County, Virginia. He married Helen M. Quarrier on July 27, 1845.
By the time of the Civil War, Miller was a resident of Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia). During the war, he briefly served in the Confederate army as a major, serving as the assistant quartermaster of the 22nd Virginia Infantry (1st Kanawha). He was a delegate to the First and Second Confederate Congresses from Virginia's 14th Congressional District from February 1863 until the end of the war in 1865, succeeding Albert G. Jenkins, who had rejoined the army as a brigadier general.
After the war, Miller was a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from Kanawha County in 1875.
He died in Parkersburg, West Virginia and was buried at Spring Hill Cemetery in Charleston. One regional newspaper, the Logan County Banner, said of him: "He practiced law at this place for many years and had a great many warm personal friends in Logan county. He was loved by all for his purity of character. May he rest in peace."