OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James A. Norton

James Albert Norton (November 11, 1843 – July 24, 1912) was an American educator and Civil War veteran who served three terms a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1897 to 1903.

## Biography

Norton was born in Bettsville, Ohio, and attended the district schools where he graduated from Tiffin High School.
During the Civil War he enlisted in the Union Army in August 1862. He was a sergeant in Company K, One Hundred and First Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was later promoted to first lieutenant and adjutant of the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment, United States Colored Infantry, in 1864.
He mustered out of the service in 1865.

## Postbellum

After the war Norton studied medicine and commenced practice in Ohio in 1867 and continued in that profession until 1879.
He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1879.
He served as member of the State house of representatives 1873-1879, and as chairman of the State Democratic committee 1887-1892.
From 1885-1892, he served as county auditor and as commissioner of railroads and telegraphs from 1889 to 1895, when he resigned to accept a position in the legal department of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

## Congress

Norton was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, and Fifty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1897 - March 3, 1903).
He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1902 to the Fifty-eighth Congress and resumed legal service with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

## Death

He died July 24, 1912, in Tiffin, Ohio, and was interred in the mausoleum of Greenlawn Cemetery in Tiffin.
# Charles William Kiker

Charles William Kiker Sr. (December 31, 1879 – March 14, 1971) was an American politician who served in the Georgia State Legislature. He is notable for being one of the few lone Republicans representing the legislature in a state that was heavily Democratic.

## Early life

Charles William Kiker was born on December 31, 1879, in Athens, Tennessee, to Herbert Noah and Zilpha Ann (Dugger) Kiker. He was the owner of the Blue Ridge and Ellijay Lumber Companies, and was in the lumber industry for fifty years. He was a member of the Blue Ridge Baptist Church. He was a teacher who taught schools in Fannin County and Polk County, Tennessee.

## Political career

Kiker was notable for being a Republican legislator in a state that was heavily Democratic. He represented Fannin County which was ancestrally Republican, an outlier from the rest of Georgia. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1929 to 1933, and served in the Georgia State Senate several terms: 1935–36, 1941–42, 1947–48, 1953–54, and 1959–60. On April 14, 1936, he was named chairman of the Fannin County Republican organization. At times, he was the only sole Republican in the legislature such as in 1933 and 1935. He represented the 41st Senate District which composed of Fannin, Gilmer, and Pickens counties.

## Personal life

He married his wife Bessie McCollum, on December 31, 1916, in Crandall, Georgia. Together they had six children. He died on March 14, 1971, in Blue Ridge, Georgia.
# The Rite (1969 film)

The Rite (Swedish: Riten) is a 1969 Swedish drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman. It premiered on Swedish television on 25 March 1969. Actors Thea (Ingrid Thulin), Sebastian (Anders Ek) and Hans (Gunnar Björnstrand) are sequestered in the offices of Judge Abrahamson (Erik Hell), who questions them about the play they have been performing, which has been accused of being obscene. As the judge interviews them separately and together, the three performers work through their considerable psycho-sexual baggage with each other, while collectively laying siege to the sensibilities of their authoritarian interrogator.
The film had a joint Nordic premiere on television on 25 March 1969. It was rerun on SVT2 August 1, 1973. The premiere began with a short conversation between Ingmar Bergman and TV theatre director Lars Löfgren. Bergman urged the viewers to turn off the TV and go to the movies instead. Both Swedish and Norwegian critics were mostly positive, but somewhat confused.

## Plot

A judge in an unnamed country interviews three actors, together and separately, provoking them while investigating a pornographic performance for which they may face a fine. Their relationships are complicated. Sebastian, a volatile heavy drinker in debt, is guilty of killing his former partner and is having an affair with Thea, the dead man's widow. Thea, a high-strung woman who is prone to fits and seemingly fragile, is currently married to Sebastian's new partner, Hans. Hans is the troupe's leader. He is wealthy, self-contained, and growing weary of the troupe. The judge plays on the trio's insecurities, but they may have their revenge when they finally perform The Rite in a private session with him.

## Cast

* Ingmar Bergman – Priest
* Gunnar Björnstrand – Hans Winkelmann
* Anders Ek – Sebastian Fisher
* Erik Hell – Judge Abrahamson
* Ingrid Thulin – Thea Winkelmann / Claudia Monteverdi
# Elizabeth Polack

Elizabeth Polack was an English playwright of the 1830s, notable for being the first Jewish woman melodramatist in England.

## Life and works

Few historical records survive which detail Elizabeth Polack's life. Although neither the year nor place of her birth, nor her death, are now known, evidence of her activity as a playwright in London between 1830 and 1838 remains. Contemporary records credit her with five plays, only two of which, Esther, the Royal Jewess; or The Death of Haman and St. Clair of the Isles; or The Outlaw of Barra, have survived. Alberti; or the Mines of Idria was performed at the Royal Pavilion on 10 May 1834 is believed to be by Polack. At the time, this play was incorrectly advertised as Alberti, or, the Mines of India in some publications. Esther, with a story taken from the Old Testament, a version of the tradtitonal Jewish Purimshpil and considered in its time to be a type of an "Exotic East" melodrama, was successfully produced in 1835 at London's Royal Pavilion Theatre, Whitechapel in the East End (the Pavilion was later a centre for Yiddish theatre in London). Her St. Clair, however, based on an 1803 novel by Elizabeth Helme, met, when it debuted at the [Royal] Victoria Theatre in 1838, with a modest reception. It is apparently the source of the melodramatic cliché, "Foiled again!"
Polack's presumed aunt (or perhaps mother), Maria Polack, was one of the first Anglo-Jewish novelists. Polack may have also been related to Joel Samuel Polack, author of two well-received travel books about New Zealand. Joel's biographer writes that he lived with his sister in Piccadilly when he first returned to England; that sister may have been Elizabeth. Such a family background would have offered support to her writing career, even from her position within a marginalized community.

## Plays by Elizabeth Polack

* Alberti; or The Mines of Idria (no copy known to exist)
* Angeline; or The Golden Chain (no copy known to exist)
* Woman's Revenge (1832; attributed by some sources to John Howard Payne)
* Esther, the Royal Jewess; or The Death of Haman (1835)
* St. Clair of the Isles; or The Outlaw of Barra (1838)
# The White Dove (Danish fairy tale)

The White Dove (Danish: Den hvide Due) is a Danish fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in The Pink Fairy Book. A version of the tale also appears in A Book of Witches, by Ruth Manning-Sanders.

## Synopsis

Two princes were caught in a storm at sea when the sky had no sun. An old woman rowed up in a dough-trough and said she could save them in return for the next returning son their mother bore. They said they could not trade him, and the woman said that their mother might prefer the sons she had to the one she did not, and rowed off. They shouted after her that they agreed, and the storm ended.
They told no one what had happened, even when their younger brother was born and grew up. But a witch came to him one day in a storm and told him his brothers had promised him in return for their lives. He said if she had saved them, he would go with her. She sailed away with him over the sea to her residence.
In her service, the witch set him to sort a great mass of feathers in one day. He had all but finished when a whirlwind mixed them together again, with only an hour left. A white dove tapped on the window and offered to help him. He let it in and it sorted the feathers.
The next day, she set him to split wood, and the longer he worked, the larger the pile seemed to grow. The dove offered to split it for him, and did so; he could barely carry away the pieces fast enough. It perched on his shoulder, and he kissed it, and it turned into a beautiful princess. She told him that he must ask the witch for a wish, and then ask for the princess she keeps as a white dove, but first he must tie a red thread about her leg so that he would know her.
When he asked, the witch dragged a donkey in front of him and asked if he wanted it; recognizing the red thread, he agreed. She tried again, with an old hag, and when the prince agreed, she had to have the wedding. At the wedding, the princess told the prince not to drink anything at the feast, or he would forget her. He forgot and reached for a glass, but the princess spilled it and the witch raged. They were put into bed, and the princess said that the witch had done all that she promised, and so they had to flee.
She left two pieces of wood in the bed, and they answered the witch, so she did not realize they were gone until morning. Then she chased after them. The princess had the prince threw down a flower pot, which became a forest, which slowed the witch as she had to chop through it. Then the princess had the prince throw down a glass of water, which became a lake, and the witch had to go back for her dough trough to cross it. Then they climbed into the castle as she reached them, and the princess turned and blew on her. Hundreds of white doves flew out of her mouth. The witch was so angry that she turned to flint forever.
The older brothers confessed what they had done and said he must be king, and they would be his subjects. They were his subjects until they found their own princesses and then fled.
# Plato the Myth Maker

Plato the Myth Maker (French: Platon, les mots et les mythes, lit. 'Plato, the words and the myths') is a book by the Canadian historian and anthropologist Luc Brisson, published in 1982. An English translation was published in 1998.

## Background

What would become Plato the Myth Maker began as a collaboration between Luc Brisson and Marcel Detienne. Eventually it became clear that their respective views of myth differed too much, and they wrote separate books.

## Summary

The story of Atlantis is the starting point for a lexicographical study of Plato's conception of muthos, or myth. Plato was the first to use this word to refer to a fictional story. The second half of the book concerns logos, which Plato used in contrast with muthos and regarded as the superior of the two.

## Reception

Pierre Ellinger wrote in L'Homme that Plato the Myth Maker benefits greatly from its methodology which draws from communication theory. Ellinger wrote that the book is valuable both because it traces the history of the concept of myth, and because it manages to outline the role of the myth in ancient Greece. In The Review of Politics, Edward Andrew called it "a remarkably fine book, always thought-provoking even when it remains captive to the mythology of scientific scholarship".
# Rob MacInnis

Rob MacInnis (born in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian artist, known for his series of photographs of farm animals. In addition to photography he makes conceptual, sound, and installation art.
# Scharhörnbake

The Scharhörnbake was the most important daymark on the German North Sea coast for several centuries. First erected in 1661 by the City of Hamburg on the sandbank Scharhörn and south side of the Elbe estuary, it was rebuilt over centuries and taken down in 1979 after 318 years. Equipped with a room, it also functioned as a refuge beacon for shipwreck survivors from 1840 to 1965. The only remaining element today is the boulder stone foundation near Nigehörn.
With a height of 29.10 meters (95'6"), it was the highest daymark from 1898 until 23 December 1914 on the North Sea coast.
Often destroyed by storms, it was also taken down in wartime to make navigation harder for enemy ships.

## Function

The main function of the daymark was to aid navigation for ships around the feared Scharhörn Reef into the Elbe coming from the North Sea. Many ships wrecked at this dangerous passage. As Hamburg depended most on this, it maintained sea marks around the reefs and the routes via the Südergatt und Nordergatt starting 1440. Coming from the sea the first and most important on starboard was the Rothe Ton. The bearing to the Great Tower Neuwerk via the Scharhörnbake was essential to spot is beacon (see red line).
Further bearings using the Great Tower Neuwerk were:
* the Nordbake to obscure the Blüse Neuwerk and later the (small) Lighthouse Neuwerk to spot the Scharton (before the Vogelsand, blue line)
* the Werkbalger Bake to spot the Butterton (after the Vogelsand, green Linie).
Considering the cost and effort to build and maintain the Scharhörnbake as the highest daymark and the Great Tower Neuwerk as the oldest "sea tower" underlines the importance of the Elbe estuary to the city and state of Hamburg.
The room for refugees was added around 1840. The emergency provisions were routinely refreshed. As the sandbank Scharhörn grew into an island by plantations, this function was made obsolete by the first shacks starting 1929.

## Appearance

Form and position varied with each reconstruction. At first, it was a wooden structure combining a pyramid and a square. It was not until the mid 19th century that it appeared in its striking form consisting of two diamonds above each other.
# A plague o' both your houses!

A plague o' both your houses! is a catchphrase from William Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet. The phrase is used to express irritation and irony regarding a dispute or conflict between two parties. It is considered one of the most famous expressions attributed to Shakespeare.

## Context

The phrase is spoken in Act 3, Scene 1 of the tragedy.
Tybalt, a kinsman of the Capulets and cousin to Juliet, is dueling with Mercutio, a friend of Romeo from the Montague family. Romeo and Benvolio attempt to break up the fight. Mercutio, distracted, does not see his opponent and is fatally wounded by Tybalt under Romeo's arm.
Feeling his death approaching, Mercutio declares:
   MERCUTIO: A plague o' both your houses! They have made worms' meat of me: I have it, And soundly too: your houses!
Mercutio, dying, repeats the phrase "A plague o' both your houses!" three times. This triple curse, directed at the Montague and Capulet houses, almost literally comes true. Due to an unfortunate coincidence – a plague quarantine imposed by the city guards – Friar John is unable to deliver a letter informing the exiled Romeo that Juliet is not dead but asleep. As a result, both Romeo and Juliet perish.

## Variants of the original phrase

In the first printed edition of Romeo and Juliet (the so-called "First Quarto" or "Bad Quarto", published in 1597), Mercutio called down syphilis (pox) instead of plague (plague).
There are also well-founded doubts that in early editions, syphilis was indeed mentioned. Shakespeare may have used the word pox to mean not syphilis but smallpox. In Shakespeare's time, neither syphilis nor smallpox were necessarily fatal diseases, so Shakespeare might have replaced the initially milder curse with a more radical one.

## In culture

* In 1994, Russian playwright Grigory Gorin wrote the play A Plague on Both Your Houses!, which continues the plot of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
* A Plague on Both Your Houses is a 1996 detective novel by British author Susanna Gregory.
# Jurvand

Jurvand (Persian: جوروند) is a village in Qilab Rural District of Alvar-e Garmsiri District, Andimeshk County, Khuzestan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 622 in 118 households. The following census in 2011 counted 629 people in 145 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 604 people in 156 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Justin Young (singer, born 1987)

Justin James Hayward-Young (born 2 May 1987) is an English musician. He is currently the lead singer and guitarist of indie rock band The Vaccines.

## Early life

Young was born in Hampshire, England, and grew up in the New Forest. He attended King Edward VI School, Southampton from 1998 to 2003 and Brockenhurst College from 2003 to 2005. He is a great-grandson of the prolific English painter and artist Walter Hayward-Young, who was commonly known as "Jotter". The son of a film-maker, he grew up in a "musical household" and began playing music by borrowing his father's guitars.
In June 2010, Young graduated from King's College London with a degree in History.

## Career

During his early teens Young played in various bands, including an alt-country band called The Eldora Parade and a hardcore punk band called Fashion Police Brutality.
Arriving in London for University, Young began playing solo and performed regularly under the stage name Jay Jay Pistolet, appearing on bills with Florence & The Machine, Kid Harpoon and Frank Turner. Young is mentioned by name in two of Frank Turner's songs: "Justin is the last of the great romantic poets, And he's the only one among us who is ever going to make it" (I Knew Prufrock Before He Got Famous, 2008), "And Justin left Southampton and got famous like I said" (The Resurrectionists, 2022).
As Jay Jay Pistolet, Young released a single entitled "We Are Free" with Chess Club Records in 2007 and an EP called Happy Birthday You in 2008 through Stiff Records. He toured frequently with peers Laura Marling, Slow Club and Johnny Flynn, and opened for acts such as Okkervil River, Tilly & The Wall and Jay Reatard.
In December 2008, Young announced that he would be no longer be performing as Jay Jay Pistolet.
In 2010, he started his current band, The Vaccines, along with bandmates Freddie Cowan, Árni Árnason and Pete Robertson and gained worldwide success.
In late 2019, Young announced his side project, Halloweens, with his bandmate Timothy Lanham, also from The Vaccines.
In 2022, Young co-produced five tracks on Alfie Templeman's debut album Mellow Moon.

## Personal life

During his early twenties, Young lived with three other musicians in Chelsea, London: Marcus Mumford and Winston Marshall of the band Mumford and Sons, and Alan Pownall of electro outfit Pale. Mumford was a frequent early collaborator with Young as Jay Jay Pistolet, performing on recordings and playing in his band.
In 2011, Young underwent three separate throat operations to treat haemorrhaging due to recurrent vocal polyps.
Young is a Manchester United fan.
# Nancy Nevinson

Nancy Nevinson (born as Nancy Ezekiel, 26 July 1918 – 25 January 2012) was a British actress.

## Early life

Nevinson was born in Chittagong, Bengal Presidency, British Raj. She was born Nancy Ezekiel, one of four children of Reemah (née Kadoorie) and David Ezekiel, members of the Baghdadi-Jewish community of Calcutta, India, during the Raj. The family moved to London in the 1930s, where Nancy trained at RADA and took the stage name Nancy Nevinson, which she retained after her subsequent marriage to Commander William Hoyes-Cock.

## Career

Nevison worked on stage, in film and on television. She also dubbed voices for both young and old. She appeared in the films Foxhole in Cairo (1960), Light in the Piazza (1962), Mrs. Gibbons' Boys (1962), Ring of Spies (1964), The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1965), For the Love of Ada (1972), Symptoms (1974), Jesus of Nazareth (1977), S.O.S. Titanic (1979), Le Pétomane (1979), Raise the Titanic (1980), Young Sherlock Holmes (1985), and Mrs Dalloway (1997).

## Personal life

Nevinson married Commander William Hoyes-Cock (1905–1973), whom she met while touring with the Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA) during WW2. They had three children: Nigel Nevinson, Jennifer (Gennie) Nevinson, and Hugh Hoyes-Cock. Nigel and Gennie are both actors.

## Retirement

In 2001, she moved to Wokingham, to a retirement home funded by the Cinema and Television Benevolent Fund especially for film and television personalities. Nevinson died there on 25 January 2012, aged 93.

## Filmography

* 1956: Othello – Emilia (English version, voice)
* 1956: High Flight – Bishop's Wife
* 1957-1959: The Adventures of Twizzle – Twizzle / Narrator (voices)
* 1958: Wonderful Things! – Mother
* 1958: Starr and Company (TV Series) – Megs Turner
* 1960: Night Train for Inverness – Landlady (uncredited)
* 1961: Foxhole in Cairo – Signorina Signorelli
* 1961: Very Important Person – German wife (uncredited)
* 1961: Das Geheimnis der gelben Narzissen – Sluttish woman (uncredited)
* 1962: Light in the Piazza – Signora Naccarelli
* 1962: Mrs. Gibbons' Boys – Mrs. Morelli
* 1963: Ricochet – Elsie Siddall
* 1963: Ring of Spies – Helen Kroger
* 1964: Smuggler's Bay (TV series) – Mrs. Belmore
* 1965: The Big Spender (TV Series) – Mrs. Winters
* 1965: The Spy Who Came in from the Cold – Mrs. Zanfrello (uncredited)
* 1966: The Scales of Justice ('Infamous Conduct' episode)
* 1967: An Officer of the Court (TV Series) – Rachel
* 1970: Love Is a Splendid Illusion – Amanda's Mother
* 1972: Our Miss Fred – Patron's Wife
* 1972: For the Love of Ada – Elsie Lockwood
* 1974: Symptoms – Hannah
* 1977: Jesus of Nazareth (TV Mini-Series) – Abigail
* 1977: Gulliver's Travels – (voice)
* 1979: S.O.S. Titanic (TV Movie) – Ida Strauss
* 1980: Raise the Titanic – Sarah Martindale
* 1981: Private Schulz (TV Series) – Frau Ehrlich
* 1982: Jane (TV Series) – Colonels Wife
* 1985: Young Sherlock Holmes – Hotel Receptionist
* 1988: War and Remembrance (TV Mini-Series) – Woman at Weir Courteney
* 1994: Martin Chuzzlewit (TV Mini-Series) – Deaf Cousin
* 1997: Mrs. Dalloway – Mrs. Hilberry
# Maroggia Tunnel

The Maroggia Tunnel is a railway tunnel in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The tunnel is situated on the eastern bank of Lake Lugano, between Bissone and Maroggia. It forms part of the Swiss Federal Railways Gotthard line, which links Lugano and the north of Switzerland with Chiasso and Italy, between the Melide causeway and Maroggia-Melano station. It is 569 metres (1,867 ft) in length, and carries standard gauge (1,435 mm or 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) track electrified at 15 kV AC 16 2/3 Hz using overhead contact line.
The Maroggia Tunnel is paralleled by the San Nicolao Tunnel, carrying the A2 motorway through the same lakeside promontory.
# Har Sharma

Har Sharma (8 December 1922 – 12 November 1992) was an Indian cricket umpire. He stood in three Test matches between 1974 and 1977.