OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bahram Afzali

Bahram Afzali (Persian: بهرام افضلی; 6 December 1937 – 25 February 1984) was an Iranian admiral who served as the Commander of the Iranian Navy from May/June 1980 to 24 April 1983. He was executed for his clandestine membership in the Tudeh Party of Iran in 1984.

## Career

Afzali was born in 1937 in the city of Qom. His father was a cleric. He entered the service of the Imperial Iranian Navy in 1957 and was sent to Italy for further education. In 1961, he was graduated from Italian Naval Academy, where he was trained in mechanical engineering and shipbuilding. He later obtained a PhD in boat and submarine architecture in 1970.
Afzali was an engineer and a captain in the Imperial Iranian Navy. After the 1979 revolution, he continued to serve in the Navy and took part in the Iran–Iraq War. Then Iranian president Abolhassan Bani Sadr appointed him as the commander of the Navy in June 1980. He was also special adviser of then speaker of the Iranian parliament, Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.

## Arrest, trial and death

At the beginning of 1983, Afzali, along with more than a thousand members of the Tudeh Party was arrested by the IRP. The trial carried out in the form of a military tribunal in December 1983, and 32 of them were sentenced to death. Their judge was Hojjat Al Islam Mohammad Reyshahri, who also interrogated Mahdi Hashemi in 1986. The location of the tribunal has been never revealed.
Ten of these Tudeh members were executed. On 25 February 1984, Afzali was executed on charges of espionage for the Soviet Union.
# Edward McNair

Edward C. McNair (June 14, 1913 – April 20, 1986) was an American prelate of the Episcopal Church who served as Suffragan bishop of Northern California from 1967 to 1972.

## Early life and education

McNair was born on June 14, 1913 in San Bernardino, California to Walter McNair and Florence Mead. He was educated at the public schools in Colton, California and later studied at the Occidental College from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1935, and a Master of Theology from the University of Southern California in 1940. He also earned a Bachelor of Divinity from the Church Divinity School of the Pacific in 1942 and awarded a Doctor of Divinity in 1964. He married Ann Heathcote Stevens on June 19, 1937 and together had five children.

## Ordained Ministry

McNair was ordained deacon in July 1940 and priest in July 1941 by Bishop W. Bertrand Stevens of Los Angeles. He initially served as vicar at St Peter's Church in Del Mar, California in the South Coast Missions, after which he was appointed chaplain in the US Navy. Later he was the first vicar and then rector of the Church of St Michael and All Angels in Studio City, California until 1959, when he became rector of St John's Church in Marysville, California. In 1965 he became rector of the Church of the Incarnation in Santa Rosa, California where he remained until his election in 1967.

## Bishop

On June 21, 1967, McNair was elected Suffragan Bishop of Northern California on thee sixth ballot. He was then consecrated on November 30, 1967 in Trinity Cathedral by Presiding Bishop John E. Hines. He remained in office until his retirement on June 1, 1973. He died on April 20, 1986 after a long illness.
# William Gordon (bishop of Alaska)

William Jones Gordon Jr. (May 6, 1918 - January 4, 1994) was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Alaska from 1948 to 1974 and was known as the "Flying Bishop of Alaska" for his ministry of flying his own plane across the vast diocese.

## Early life and education

Gordon was born on May 6, 1918, in Spray, North Carolina to the Reverend William Jones Gordon and Anna Barrow Clark. He studied at the University of North Carolina and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1940. He attended Virginia Theological Seminary and earned a Bachelor of Divinity in 1943.

## Career

He was ordained deacon on January 24, 1943. Invited to Alaska by Bishop John B. Bentley in 1943, he served five years as missionary-in-charge on the Arctic Coast, mostly in Point Hope, Alaska. He was ordained priest by Bishop Bentley on July 25, 1943, in St Mark's Church in Nenana, Alaska. Gordon was consecrated bishop of Alaska on 18 May 1948 in the Church of the Good Shepherd, Raleigh, North Carolina by 13 bishops of the Episcopal Church. Among them was his predecessor, Bishop Bentley, Bishop Edwin A. Penick of North Carolina and Presiding Bishop Henry Knox Sherrill who served as chief consecrator.
Before earning his pilot's license in 1949, Gordon had traveled about 6,000 miles by dogsled to minister to villages along Alaska's Arctic Sea coast. After returning to the state as a bishop but before earning his wings, Gordon visited all of the churches in his diocese on a three-month, 3,500-mile trip by boat. After earning his wings, Gordon logged over 1 million miles on a small plane purchased by the church for him to visit his flock.
He retired in 1974 and later served as assistant bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Michigan. Gordon died in Midland, Michigan, in 1994.
In order to continue Gordon's ministry, the Diocese of Alaska founded the Wings of the Spirit Transportation Endowment in 1992 as a non-profit corporation.

## References and external links

* The Episcopal Church Annual -Morehouse Publishing
* The Episcopal Church
Specific
* 1 2 "Episcopal Bishop of Alaska Installed in Raleigh, 1948". This Day in North Carolina History. N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources.
* ↑ Thomas, T. (1989). An Angel on His Wing: The Story of Bill Gordon, Alaska's Flying Bishop. Morehouse Pub Co, New York, NY. ISBN 0819214817.
Episcopal Church (USA) titles :
| Preceded byJohn Boyd Bentley | Bishop of Alaska 1948 – 1974 | Succeeded byDavid Cochran |
* This Alaska biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about an American Episcopal or Anglican bishop is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Julio Rodríguez (footballer, born 1995)

Julio César Rodríguez López (born 7 December 1995), known as Julio Rodríguez, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Avilés.

## Football career

Rodríguez was born in Mieres, Asturias. A product of Sporting de Gijón's prolific youth academy, he made his senior debuts in the 2012–13 season, playing 30 games in Segunda División B for the reserves.
Rodríguez first appeared officially with the main squad on 11 September 2013, starting in a 3–2 away loss against Recreativo de Huelva for the season's Copa del Rey. On 2 September 2014 he was definitely promoted to the main squad in Segunda División.
On 31 August 2016, Rodríguez was loaned to Championship club Barnsley for one season, initially assigned to the Development squad. Upon returning, he cut ties with the club on 26 July 2017.
In February 2020, Rodríguez joined Bulgarian club Tsarsko Selo Sofia.
# Marlene Sjöberg

Marlene Sjöberg (born 15 January 1981) is a Swedish football former defender who last played for Göteborg FC of the Damallsvenskan. She also played for Jitex BK and Umeå IK. Sjöberg also played in the Champions League with Umeå and Göteborg.
She was a member of the Swedish national team, and made her debut in a 3–2 defeat to the United States in July 2006.
# Vietnam at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics

Vietnam competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics from 15–23 August. A team of 2 athletes was announced in preparation for the competition.

## Results
### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Bùi Thị Nhung | High Jump | NM | |

### Key

* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* PB = Personal best
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

## Team selection
### Field and combined events

| Event | Athletes | Athletes |
| Event | Men | Women |
| High jump | | Bui Thi Nhung |
| Triple jump | Nguyen Van Hung | |
# Mar Elias refugee camp

Mar Elias (Arabic: مار الياس) is a Palestinian refugee camp in the southwestern part of Beirut, Lebanon.
Largely autonomous, it was originally a Christian Palestinian refugee camp founded in 1952 by the Congregation of St. Elias (Prophet Elijah) to host Palestinian refugees who arrived from the Galilee region after the start of the Nakba in 1948. Many Syrian refugees fleeing the Syrian civil war have also settled in the camp. UNRWA claims that Christians have since become a minority in Mar Elias, while other sources claim they are still the majority.
During the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), the Palestinian National Salvation Front (PNSF), a Syrian proxy which opposed the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), had its headquarters in Mar Elias camp.
During the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, a local representative from Mar Elias said he believes that the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon could be Israel's secondary targets, besides Hezbollah.
# Associated British Hat Manufacturers

Associated British Hat Manufacturers Ltd was a holding company formed in 1966, by merging five of Britain's largest felt hat manufacturers. The intention was to rationalize a struggling industry that faced a declining market and foreign competition.
After the merger production was concentrated at the Christy factory in Stockport and the Wilson's factory in Denton. In 1980, ABHM sold the entire share capital of its subsidiary Christy & Co to Cadogan Oakley for £1.2 million. This resulted in the closure of the Wilson's factory, and all remaining hat production being consolidated into the Christy factory, which later closed in 1997.

## Companies that merged to form ABHM

* Christy & Co Ltd, Stockport
* Battersby & Co Ltd, Stockport
* T. & W. Lees Ltd, Stockport
* J. Moores & Sons Ltd, Denton
* Joseph Wilson & Sons Ltd, Denton
# Central Texas Gravel Locomotive No. 210

The Central Texas Gravel Locomotive No. 210 is a historic diesel-electric switch locomotive at the Arkansas Railroad Museum in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. It was built by General Electric in 1956, and is a well-preserved example of the second generation of GE's 25-ton switching locomotives, a popular model used widely in freight yards throughout the nation and internationally. This model was first used by the Central Texas Gravel Company, and then by the Gifford-Hill Company, which operated it at yards in Shreveport, Louisiana and Eagle Hill, Arkansas. The locomotive was acquired by the museum in 2005, with plans to use it for moving rolling stock within its facilities.
The locomotive was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
# Santos Padilla Ferrer

Santos "San" Padilla Ferrer (February 26, 1957 – August 4, 2007) was a Puerto Rican politician and mayor of the city of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico.
Padilla was a member of the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico (Partido Nuevo Progresista de Puerto Rico), or PNP. The party and its members support statehood for Puerto Rico within the United States.
Graduated from Luis Muñoz Marín High School in Cabo Rojo. Went to earn a Bachelor's Degree in Business from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez and degrees leading to a Master's Degree in Business Administration from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico San Germán campus.
Padilla died following a massive heart attack on August 4, 2007, in Cabo Rojo. The governor of Puerto Rico, Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, declared three days of national mourning.
# Zamoyski Palace, Warsaw

Zamoyski Palace (Polish: Pałac Zamoyskich) - a historical building, located by Nowy Świat Street in Warsaw, Poland.
From 1667 the owner of the plot was Jan Wielopolski. Between 1744 and 1745 the inheritors of Wielopolski's possessions reconstructed the palace following designs of architect Piotr Hiż. The owner of the building soon became Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, who commissioned renovation work under Szymon Bogumił Zug.
In 1802 the palace was bought by Anna Jadwiga Sapieżyna. Stanisław Staszic would live in the palace until he died there in 1826. In 1839 the palace became property of Andrzej Artur Zamoyski. The new owner commissioned reconstruction works headed by architect Enrico Marconi which gave the building's present nature. During the January Uprising of 1863, the house was plundered by the Imperial Army. During the interwar period the building housed the Ministry of Interior and Administration (Poland). The palace was damaged during the Warsaw Uprising and rebuilt between 1948 and 1950 without modifying its architectural design.
Presently, the palace houses the Faculty of Journalism and Politics of the University of Warsaw, the Institute of Applied Social Sciences, "Artes-Liberales" Faculty, Institute for Scientific Information and Bibliographic Studies of the Historical Faculty of the University of Warsaw.
* Russian Imperial Army plunder of Zamoyski Palace in 1863
* Destruction in 1945
* Overview of Zamoyski Palace
# Juan Cárdenas Arroyo

Juan Cárdenas Arroyo (12 August 1939 – 15 December 2024) was a Colombian figurative painter.

## Life and career

Cárdenas was born in Popayán, Cauca, on 12 August 1939. He graduated from Columbia University in New York City, and in 1962 he studied painting at the Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island, in the United States.
His career began as a cartoonist in El Tiempo, La República, El Espacio, and in the magazine Flash. He was jailed for a cartoon. From 1969 to 1972 he was professor of Painting, Drawing, and Anatomy, University of the Andes, Colombia. He participated in and won first prize in the 25th National Salon of Colombian Artists in 1974 for his self-portrait ("Autorretrato Dibujo").
Cárdenas was also involved with the 1994 re-design of the Colombian peso: he designed the $5,000 and $20,000 banknotes. In 2022 he was awarded the Order of Boyacá, his country's highest peacetime decoration.
Cárdenas died on 15 December 2024, at the age of 85.
# Scrum cap

The scrum cap is a form of headgear used by rugby players to protect the ears in the scrum, which can otherwise suffer injuries leading to the condition commonly known as cauliflower ears. Although originally designed for forwards they are now worn by players of all positions, even those who do not play in the scrum.
A simpler alternative to a cap, or a head-cap and used by many players, is a thin strip of foam or cloth and electrical tape wrapped around the ears like a head band.

## Construction

The scrum cap was first used by the Christ's College Finchley's 1st XV, and Eurig Evans is credited with its design. The traditional scrum cap was constructed of a thin cloth helmet with padding over the ears, held in place by a strap—but modern models are typically made from thin foam.
The headgear is defined by Regulation 12 of World Rugby as being made of soft, thin materials. Stiff materials, such as plastics, are forbidden, and buckles are not permitted. Regulation 12[2] also gives details regarding the testing standards for this headgear. All headgear to be worn in rugby union must carry a World Rugby approval logo.

## Concussive protection

Since the early 1990s, other players have taken to wearing padded headgear. This is intended to protect from cuts and head injuries that can occur from incidental contact in tackles or at rucks. Whilst they may prevent some cuts and abrasions, such headgear has not been shown to reduce concussive injury.

## Legislation

World Rugby has not made scrum caps compulsory, and many players and officials are divided over their utility. Former England captain Mike Tindall criticised their usage by youth players, saying that they had a detrimental result on tackling ability from an early age. Welsh player Jonathan Davies similarly felt that they should not be compulsory, as injuries were part of the game. High profile referee Nigel Owens has however suggested making the wearing of headgear compulsory for all players, and they are mandatory for all players in Japanese youth teams.
# Panasonic Lumix DMC-G5

The Panasonic Lumix DMC-G5 is a digital mirrorless interchangeable lens camera that adheres to the joint Olympus and Panasonic Micro Four Thirds System (MFT system) design standard. It is identified as the twelfth Panasonic MFT camera introduced under the standard and the nineteenth model MFT camera introduced by either Olympus or Panasonic.
The G5 includes HD video recording capability in AVCHD format. The G5 is the successor to the Panasonic Lumix DMC-G3 and is Panasonic's most junior MFT camera.
The G5 differs from the G3 principally by offering a higher maximum ISO (12,800 vs 6,400), a continuous shooting frame rate (6 vs 4 fps), a higher resolution screen, and a new image sensor and processor.
Physically, the G5 is very similar to the Panasonic Lumix DMC-G3, but it has a larger hand grip. However, most of the camera's functionality is also accessible through the touch-control LCD panel.
# J. T. C. Hopkins

John Thomas Chew Hopkins (March 20, 1843 – September 19, 1922) was an American politician and lawyer from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County in 1870.

## Early life

John Thomas Chew Hopkins was born March 20, 1843, to Priscilla (née Worthington) and Thomas Chew Hopkins. He graduated from St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. He read law under Stevenson Archer and was admitted to the bar in 1865.

## Career

Hopkins was a Democrat. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County in 1870. He served as the state's attorney of Harford County from 1871 to 1879.
Hopkins was one of the founders and the first president of the Second National Bank of Bel Air. He served as deputy collector at the Port of Baltimore during President Grover Cleveland's second administration.
Hopkins practiced law in Bel Air.

## Personal life

Hopkins married Amande E. Wylie of South Carolina on April 30, 1879, at Poplar Grove in Bel Air. They had five daughters and three sons, Mrs. Clifford Dawson Rosan, Mrs. J. Stephenson Hopkins, Mary Alden, J. Thomas C. Jr., W. Wylie, W. Worthington, Ellen H. and Theresa M. His wife died in 1916.
Hopkins died on September 19, 1922, at the age of 79, at his home in Bel Air. He was buried at Darlington Cemetery.
# Habib Khabiri

Habib Khabiri (15 August 1954 – 21 June 1984) was an Iranian footballer and captain of the Iran national football team. He was arrested for membership of the People's Mojahedin Organisation of Iran in 1983. He was subsequently tortured and executed by shooting the following year. His brother, Mohammad, was also an Iranian international and vice-president of the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran.
# Order No. 270

Order No. 270 (Russian: Приказ № 270, romanized: Prikaz No. 270), entitled "On the responsibility of military personnel for surrendering and leaving weapons to the enemy" (Об ответственности военнослужащих за сдачу в плен и оставление врагу оружия, Ob otvetstvennosti voyennosluzhashchikh za sdachu v plen i ostavleniye vragu oruzhiya) issued on 16 August 1941, by Joseph Stalin during the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, ordered Red Army personnel to "fight to the last", virtually banned commanders from surrendering, and set out severe penalties for senior officers and deserters regarded as derelicting their duties. Order 270 is widely regarded as the basis of subsequent, often controversial Soviet policies regarding prisoners of war.

## Overview

During the pre-war period, the efficiency and morale of Red Army command staff was low as a result of Stalin's purges. By August 1941, Axis forces had achieved overwhelming successes in their advancement deep into Soviet territory. Their successful blitzkrieg strategy disorganized the Soviet defense system, led to the encirclement of numerous Soviet units, including whole field armies.
Stalin issued the order in his capacity as People's Commissar of Defence. The order was aimed primarily at rapidly raising the effectiveness and morale of officers.
In the preamble, the order gives examples of troops fighting in encirclement, as well as cases of surrender by military command. The first article directed that any commanders or commissars "tearing away their insignia and deserting or surrendering" should be considered malicious deserters. The order required superiors to shoot these deserters on the spot. Their family members were subjected to arrest. Order 270 required encircled soldiers to use every possibility to fight on, and to demand that their commanders fight on and organize resistance to the enemy.
According to the order, anyone attempting to surrender instead of fighting on must be destroyed and their family members deprived of any state welfare and assistance. The order also required division commanders to demote and, if necessary, even to shoot on the spot those commanders who failed to command a battle directly in the battlefield.
Commenting on Order No. 270, Stalin stated: "There are no Soviet prisoners of war, only traitors."
10,000 Soviet soldiers were executed as a result of this order in the first months of the war alone.$^{:381–382}$
# Višegrad (Bistrički)

Višegrad (Serbian Cyrillic: Вишеград, Albanian: Vishegrad) or Prizrenac (Призренац), is a fortress located 2 km southeast of Prizren in the Bistrica gorge. It was constructed in the mid 14th century and is on the list of monuments of the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences, as well as the cultural monuments of Kosovo. It is currently in ruins.

## Description

The Serbian Emperor Dušan (king 1331–1346, emperor 1346–1355) built Višegrad to overlook the Monastery of the Holy Archangels and the castle was intended to protect it. The fortress consists of two parts:
* Upper Town, at the top of the gorge (about 680 m)
* Lower Town, next to Bistrica itself (about 525 m)
The walls are composed of 4 towers, and a 5th which served as a dungeon. Within the citadel are the remains of the Church of Saint Nicholas.
# Melinda Olsson

Melinda Olsson (born 9 September 1992) is a Swedish ice hockey coach and former player. She is head coach of Luleå HF 2, which plays in the DamEttan Norra of the Nationella Damhockeyligan (NDHL), and is an assistant coach to the Swedish national under-18 team.
As a member of the Swedish national team, she participated in the 2019 IIHF Women's World Championship.
# Vietnam at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics

Vietnam competed at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics in London, Great Britain, from 4–13 August 2017.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary Round | Preliminary Round | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Hanh Bui Ba | 100 metres | 10.76 SB | 16 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Xinhua–Sogou AI news anchor

Xinhua News Agency and Sogou of China developed an artificial intelligence (AI) for news reporting purposes. The AI was unveiled in 2018. It is touted to be the "world's first AI news anchor".
The AI was unveiled at the 2018 World Internet Conference in Wuzhen, Zhejiang, China. The AI devises avatars patterned after real life Xinhua anchors. The AI patterned after Qiu Hao spoke in Chinese, while the one derived from the likeness of Zhang Zhao speaks in English. The unveiling of the AI raised concerns of its impact on employment.
Xinhua and Sogou would unveil Xin Xiaomeng, an AI with a female avatar in 2019.
People's Daily would follow suit by unveiling their own AI newscaster in 2023.