OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Ruskin (Millais)

John Ruskin is a portrait of the leading Victorian art critic John Ruskin (1819–1900). It was painted by the Pre-Raphaelite artist John Everett Millais (1829–1896) during 1853–54. John Ruskin was an early advocate of the Pre-Raphaelite group of artists and part of their success was due to his efforts.
The painting depicts Ruskin in front of a waterfall in Glenfinlas, Scotland. Ruskin and Millais spent the summer of 1853 together at Glenfinlas in the Trossachs. Ruskin was especially interested in the rock formations and undertook his own studies of these.

## Creation

The painting of Ruskin was started at Glenfinlas, during which the details of the landscape were painted. The last stages of work on the painting were undertaken in Millais' studio in London. By that time Ruskin's wife Effie had fallen in love with Millais. She left Ruskin and sued him for an annulment of the marriage. She and Millais were married the following year.
Millais found it very difficult to be in the same room as Ruskin when he was completing the work in London, calling it "the most hateful task I have ever had to perform". As soon as the portrait was finished he broke off contact with Ruskin. Ruskin himself temporarily moved the portrait so that his father would not see it, since he was concerned that he would damage or destroy it.

## Provenance

The painting was given by Ruskin to his friend Henry Wentworth Acland in 1871. It was left to his daughter, the photographer Sarah Angelina Acland, who kept it above her desk at the Acland family home in Broad Street, central Oxford and later at her own home in Park Town, North Oxford, where she photographed it in colour. It was then passed down through the family until it was sold at Christie's in 1965. The purchaser retained the painting until they died in 2012. It was accepted by the British Government in lieu of inheritance tax in 2013 and permanently allocated to the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, to which it had been on loan since 2012 and where it has been on display since 2013.
The painting has been exhibited several times, including exhibitions on the Pre-Raphaelites at Tate Britain London, during 1984 and 2004. The painting was included in an exhibition on Colour Revolution in Victorian times at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford during 2023–24, together with the first colour photograph of the portrait taken by the pioneer colour photographer in her North Oxford home in Park Town, held in the History of Science Museum, Oxford.
The painting was valued by the Director of Finance at Oxford University at £7.0 million in 2012–13. The painting featured in the 2014 film Effie Gray.
# Maria Savitskaya

Maria Savitskaya-Mishina (born 22 April 1991) is a Russian racing cyclist. She competed in the team pursuit event at the 2013 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and she rode at the 2014 UCI Road World Championships.

## Major results
### Track
#### 2008

    3rd Team Pursuit, UEC European U23 Track Championships (with Oxana Kozonchuk, Evgenia Romanyuta and Victoria Kondel)

#### 2013

    1st Team pursuit, UEC European U23 Track Championships (with Gulnaz Badykova, Alexandra Chekina and Svetlana Kashirina)

#### 2015

    2nd Team Pursuit, UEC European Track Championships (with Gulnaz Badykova, Tamara Balabolina and Alexandra Chekina)

### Road
#### 2008

    UEC European Junior Road Championships
       3rd Time trial
       10th Road race

#### 2012

    4th Heydar Aliyev Anniversary Time Trial
# Marina Kukina

Marina Vladimirovna Kukina (Russian: Марина Владимировна Кукина; born 22 August 1993) is a Russian rugby sevens player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Mariya Shekerova

Mariya Shekerova (Russian: Мария Шекерова; born December 9, 1988) is an Uzbekistani-Russian judoka, who played for the heavyweight category. Shekerova represented Uzbekistan at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's heavyweight class (+78 kg). She lost the first preliminary match against France's Anne-Sophie Mondière, who successfully scored a waza-ari awasete ippon (two waza-ari), seven seconds before the five-minute period had ended.
# Caleb S. Denny

Caleb Stone Denny (May 13, 1850, in Monroe County, Indiana – March 24, 1926) was an American politician who served as the 15th and 17th mayor of the city of Indianapolis, Indiana. Denny first worked as a teacher and librarian before completing a law degree. He served as the assistant attorney general of Indiana from 1873 to 1875. In 1885, Denny resigned his position of city attorney to try to obtain the Republican nomination for mayor of Indianapolis. He ran successfully against incumbent mayor John L. McMaster and won the subsequent election by only 60 votes (out of approximately 18,000). Denny was reelected in 1887. He chose not to run in 1889 and Democrat Thomas L. Sullivan was elected as mayor. In 1892, Denny returned to politics and defeated Sullivan. He served a single term.
Denny's son, George L. Denny also served as mayor for 6 months (1947–1948).
# Naval Reserve Medal

The Naval Reserve Medal (NRM) was a decoration of the United States Navy which was created by order of Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson on 12 September 1938. The medal was first issued in 1938 and was an active award until 1958. On 12 September 1958, the Naval Reserve Medal was declared discontinued and was replaced by the Armed Forces Reserve Medal. It is not to be confused with the Naval Reserve Meritorious Service Medal which is a different award that was discontinued on 1 January 2014.
The Naval Reserve Medal was awarded to any commissioned officer or enlisted member of United States Naval Reserve (USNR), the associated National Naval Volunteers, and local naval militia units of the period. To be awarded the decoration, a service member was required to perform ten years of continuous service in one of the aforementioned components in either an active duty, drilling reservist, or inactive status.
An additional award of the NRM is denoted by a service star. The United States Marine Corps equivalent to the award is the Marine Corps Reserve Ribbon. The Naval Reserve Medal originally held precedence just below that of the Navy Good Conduct Medal which, in turn, held precedence just below unit awards. Sometime after 1958, the precedence of the Naval Reserve Medal was moved to rank just below the Armed Forces Reserve Medal, making it the lowest ranking medal awarded by the United States Armed Forces aside from the Navy and Coast Guard expert marksmanship medals.
As the NRM was only available for exactly 20 years, and required 10 years of USNR service, no sailor could possibly receive more than two. Additionally, with World War II (WW II) pulling the vast majority of Naval Reservists into active duty the Regular Navy, the number of sailors to receive two NRMs is very low, with all two-time recipients having had to serve a total of 20 years in the Naval Reserve between September 1938 and September 1958, e.g., before, during and after WW II. Therefore, most one-time recipients served in the USNR after WW II in the 1946-1958 window.
# Natalia Lavrova

Natalia Aleksandrovna Lavrova (Russian: Наталья Александровна Лаврова, 4 August 1984 – 23 April 2010) was a dual Olympic gold medalist. Lavrova was the first group rhythmic gymnast to win two gold medals in the rhythmic gymnastics group event at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics.

## Life and career

Lavrova was born in Penza, Soviet Union. Her first coach was Olga Stebeneva at the Dinamo club in Penza.
Lavrova died in a car accident in Penza Oblast in 2010. She was a passenger in a car driven by her pregnant sister Olga Popova (Ольга Попова) who also died in the collision with another vehicle near Penza, some 600 kilometers south-east of Moscow. The car (VAZ 2114) was completely destroyed by fire after the accident. The driver of the other car was injured.

## Detailed Olympic results

| Year | Competition Description | Location | Music | Apparatus | Score-Final | Score-Qualifying |
| 2004 | Olympics | Athens | | Group All-around | 51.100 | 49.875 |
| 2004 | Olympics | Athens | Mona Lisa Overdrive music from The Matrix Reloaded by Don Davis & Juno Reactor | 5 Ribbons | 25.300 | 24.700 |
| 2004 | Olympics | Athens | Ironside (excerpt) / White, Crane Lightning / "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood" music from Kill Bill by Quincy Jones / RZA / Santa Esmeralda | 3 Hoops / 2 Balls | 25.800 | 25.175 |
# Natalia Nikitina

Natalia Viktorovna Nikitina (Russian: Наталья Викторовна Никитина) (born 20 January 1996) is a Russian handball player who plays for Chernomorochka Novorossiysk in the Russian Super League.
She also represented Russia in the 2016 Women's Junior World Handball Championship, placing as runners-up.

## Achievements

* Russian Super League
** Silver Medalist: 2016
** Bronze Medalist: 2015
* Russian Cup:
** Winner: 2016
** Bronze Medalist: 2019
* World Junior Championship:
** Silver Medalist: 2016
* European Junior Championship:
** Silver Medalist: 2015
# Samar Halarnkar

Samar Halarnkar was editor of IndiaSpend.com. He also contributes to Mint, the business newspaper from Hindustan Times group, and is a columnist and editor of Article 14.

## Early life

Samar Halarnkar was born in north Karnataka. He has an M.A degree from the University of Missouri.
Halarnkar's father, PG Halarnkar, was a retired Indian Police Service officer and former Commissioner of Police of Bengaluru.

## Career

Halarnkar started his career in print media in the year 1990 with The Times of India, Bangalore as a crime reporter.
In 2002, Halarnkar, when working with The Indian Express, daily wrote extensively on lending given by public sector banks to big industrialists such as Wipro, Tata and Mahindra & Mahindra. Before joining The Hindustan Times, he was resident editor, The Indian Express. Prior to Express, he has worked for other media houses like the India Today Group. He joined the Hindustan Times as editor, national investigations, in Mumbai in May 2006.
Samar Halarnkar writes on a variety of topics including poverty, social issues and economic issues. He also writes on food and cooking in his blog titled 'Our Daily Bread'. Halarnkar is a columnist and editor of Article 14, a website about the rule of law in India.
In 2012 he was accused of plagiarising the work of Frances Moore Lappé for a part of one of his articles leading to mixed reactions from the journalistic community in India.

## India Love Project

On October 28, 2020, Halarnkar, his wife Priya Ramani, and their friend Niloufer Venkatraman created the India Love Project on Instagram, "a celebration of interfaith/inter-caste love and togetherness in these divisive, hate-filled times." The Project began in response to backlash against an advertising campaign that featured an interfaith couple, and has expanded to help couples find legal and counseling assistance. A December 2020 Vogue India profile on the India Love Project quotes Halarnkar as explaining, "We see ILP as an attempt at unity, a chronicle of love outside the shackles of faith, caste, ethnicity and gender."

## Personal life

Halarnkar is married to the journalist Priya Ramani.
# Liblice

Liblice is a municipality and village in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The village was originally called Ľubice. The name was derived from the personal name Ľuba, meaning "the village of Ľuba's people". The name then gradually changed to its current form.

## Geography

Liblice is located 8 kilometres (5 mi) southeast of Mělník and 23 km (14 mi) north of Prague. It lies mostly in the Jizera Table, only the southern part of the municipality extends into the Central Elbe Table. The stream Košátecký potok flows through the southern part of the municipality.

## History

The first written mention of Liblice is from 1254.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 500 | — |
| 1880 | 592 | +18.4% |
| 1890 | 605 | +2.2% |
| 1900 | 564 | −6.8% |
| 1910 | 567 | +0.5% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 507 | −10.6% |
| 1930 | 589 | +16.2% |
| 1950 | 546 | −7.3% |
| 1961 | 501 | −8.2% |
| 1970 | 534 | +6.6% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 542 | +1.5% |
| 1991 | 510 | −5.9% |
| 2001 | 464 | −9.0% |
| 2011 | 499 | +7.5% |
| 2021 | 470 | −5.8% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/16 road, which connects the D10 motorway with Mělník, passes through the municipality.

## Sights

The main sight of Liblice is a Baroque castle built in 1699–1706, designed by Giovanni Battista Alliprandi for Count Arnošt Josef Pachta of Rájov. The castle serves since 1952 as a conference and recreational facility of Czech Academy of Sciences and was not accessible to the public until 2007. An extensive reconstruction of the castle was completed in 2007, changing the premises into a conference and culturally-educational centre, a castle hotel with restaurants and a relaxing wellness centre.
The Church of Saint Wenceslaus was originally a Gothic medieval church. It was rebuilt in the Baroque style around 1710.

## Notable people

* Emil Pollert (1877–1935), opera singer
# Plicatulidae

The Plicatulidae are a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks, known commonly as kitten's paws or kittenpaws. These bivalves are related to oysters and scallops. The family has a single living genus, Plicatula, with a second, Harpax known from fossils.

## Description

Plicatulidae are small, with weakly convex shells which are irregularly oval or even almost triangular. Typically, they attach themselves to a hard surface by the right valve. The ligament is internal and triangular.

## Life cycle

Plicatulidae members start off in the larval stage.

## Genera and species

All taxa marked † are extinct.
* Harpax Parkinson, 1811
* Plicatula Lamarck, 1801
* † Pseudoplacunopsis Bittner, 1895
* Plicastulostrea onca: synonym of Plicatula australis Lamarck, 1819 (type by original designation); a species from Thailand

### Synonyms

* Plicatulostrea Simone & Amaral, 2008: synonym of Plicatula Lamarck, 1801
* Spiniplicata [sic]: synonym of Spiniplicatula Habe, 1977: synonym of Plicatula Lamarck, 1801 (misspelling)
* Spiniplicatula Habe, 1977: synonym of Plicatula Lamarck, 1801
# Irene Castelli

Irene Castelli (born 4 November 1983) is an Italian former gymnast. She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Voldemar Väli

Voldemar Väli (10 January 1903 – 13 April 1997) was an Estonian two-time Olympic medalist in Greco-Roman wrestling.

## Career

Voldemar Väli was born in Kuressaare, on the island of Saaremaa. He began training in wrestling at age 17, and four years later competed at the 1924 Olympics, but was eliminated in a preliminary bout. In 1926 he won his first European title and established himself as a world top featherweight and later lightweight wrestler. He missed the 1932 Olympics because Estonia did not send a team due to the Great Depression, and finished out of the podium at the 1933, 1934, 1937 and 1938 European Championships; however, he earned a bronze at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Domestically he won 19 titles between 1922 and 1942 in Greco-Roman and freestyle events. During World War II in 1944 he emigrated with family to Sweden. He ended his sporting career in 1945 after a match between the local Estonians and the team from Stockholm. He beat the Swedish champion Einar Karlsson.
Väli worked a crane operator at the Port of Tallinn. In Sweden, he was a metal worker and later established a doll factory with his wife.

## Legacy

A bronze sculpture of Väli was installed at the sports centre in his hometown of Kuressaare in October 2024.
# The Magic Hat

The Magic Hat is a 2002 children's picture book by Mem Fox and illustrated by Tricia Tusa. It is about a wizard's hat that appears in a crowded park and alights on people's heads, turning them into various animals. Then, the hat's owner, a wizard, shows up and restores things back to normal.

## Reception

A review in Booklist of The Magic Hat wrote: "The bouncy rhyme is fun if undistinguished, but the artwork, in its oversize format, overflows with good humor". Books+Publishing found it "..a picture book about happiness that IS happy..".
The Magic Hat has also been reviewed by Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly, School Library Journal, Horn Book Guides, Magpies,Magpies, and the Australian Book Review.
It was the chosen book for the 2007 National Simultaneous Storytime.
# Ahmed E. H. Jaffer

Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer was a Pakistani industrialist and politician. He served as a member of the Central Legislative Assembly.

## Early life and education

Jaffar was born on 9 August 1909 in Poona. His father Sir Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer was a businessman. He studied at Anglo Urdu Boys' High School and Deccan College.

## Career

Jaffar was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly in 1934. At 25, he was the youngest. In 1945, he was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly of India from Bombay. He was one of two representatives of the Muslim community from the Bombay Presidency. He served as the deputy whip of the All India Muslim League in the Central Legislative Assembly.After the Partition of India, Jaffar served as the President of the Pakistan Chamber of Film Industry. From 1948 to 1950, he was the president of Pakistan Olympic Association. Jaffar was a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. From 1947 to 1955, he served in the Parliament of Pakistan. He also incorporated his family business, founded in 1849 in Pune, in Karachi in 1948.

## Global policy

He was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution. As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.

## Death and legacy

Jaffar died in 1990. His memory is preserved by the Ahmed E. H. Jaffer Foundation in Pakistan.
# Carex pseudocyperus

Carex pseudocyperus is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common name cyperus sedge or hop sedge. It grows in marshes, swamps, and the margins of ponds, rivers and canals. The stems can be up to 90 centimetres (35 in) with one male spike and 3 to 5 pendulous female spikes, and bright yellow-green leaves to 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in).
# Mal-e Mahmud, Fars

Mal-e Mahmud (Persian: مال محمود, also Romanized as Māl-e Maḩmūd and Māl Maḩmūd) is a village in Bakesh-e Do Rural District, in the Central District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 718, in 147 families.
# Jacob A. Cantor

Jacob Aaron Cantor (December 6, 1854 – July 2, 1921) was an American lawyer and politician from New York who served as a United States representative from 1913 to 1915.

## Early life and education

Cantor was born at 19 Second Street in New York, the son of Henry Cantor and Hannah Cantor, both natives of London. He was a reporter for the New York World from 1872 to 1877. At the same time, he studied law at the City College of New York, graduated in 1875.

## Family

On November 2, 1891, his first wife Julia (Lewenthal) Cantor died. On September 25, 1897, he married Lydia Greenbaum, and they had three children: Margaret, Ruth and John.

## Career

Cantor was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in New York City.

### Early political career

He was a delegate to the 1884 Democratic National Convention. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 23rd D.) in 1885, 1886 and 1887. He was a member of the New York State Senate from 1888 to 1898, sitting in the 111th through 121st New York State Legislatures (all three 20th D.); and was President pro tempore from 1892 to 1893.
He was Borough President of Manhattan from 1902 to 1903, elected on the fusion ticket headed by Seth Low for Mayor of New York City, nominated by the anti-Tammany Hall Democrats, Republicans and the Citizens Union.

### Congress

Cantor was elected as a Democrat to the 63rd United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Francis Burton Harrison, and served from November 4, 1913, to March 3, 1915. He unsuccessfully contested the election of Isaac Siegel to the 64th United States Congress.

### Later career and death

Afterwards he resumed the practice of law in New York City.
He was president of the New York City Department of Taxes and Assessments from 1918 until his death.

## Personal life

Cantor died at his home at 2345 Broadway, in Manhattan, and was buried at the Mt. Hope Cemetery in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York.
# Kodarma Lok Sabha constituency

Kodarma Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 14 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the state of Jharkhand in eastern India. This constituency covers the entire Koderma district and parts of the Hazaribagh and Giridih districts.

## Assembly segments

Presently, Kodarma Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following six Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments:
| # | Name | District | Member | Party | 2024 Lead |
| 19 | Kodarma | Koderma | Neera Yadav | BJP | BJP |
| 20 | Barkatha | Hazaribagh | Amit Kumar Yadav | BJP | BJP |
| 28 | Dhanwar | Giridih | Babulal Marandi | BJP | BJP |
| 29 | Bagodar | Giridih | Nagendra Mahto | BJP | BJP |
| 30 | Jamua (SC) | Giridih | Manju Kumari | BJP | BJP |
| 31 | Gandey | Giridih | Kalpana Soren | JMM | BJP |

## Members of Parliament

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1952-77 : Constituency did not exist ||||
| 1977 | Rati Lal Prasad Verma | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Rati Lal Prasad Verma | Janata Party |
| 1984 | Tilakdhari Singh | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | Rati Lal Prasad Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1991 | Mumtaz Ansari | Janata Dal |
| 1996 | Rati Lal Prasad Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1998 | Rati Lal Prasad Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1999 | Tilakdhari Singh | Indian National Congress |
| 2004 | Babulal Marandi | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2006^ | Babulal Marandi | Independent |
| 2009 | Babulal Marandi | Jharkhand Vikas Morcha |
| 2014 | Ravindra Kumar Ray | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2019 | Annpurna Devi | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2024 | Annpurna Devi | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2024

2024 Indian general election: Kodarma :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Annpurna Devi | 791,657 | 57.79 | −4.60 |
| | CPI(ML)L | Vinod Kumar Singh | 4,14,643 | 30.27 | +24.67 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 42,152 | 3.08 | |
| | Independent | Manoj Yadav | 28,962 | 2.09 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,77,014 | 27.52 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,369,937 | 61.90 | |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2019

2019 Indian general elections: Kodarma :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Annapurna Devi Yadav | 753,016 | 62.26 |
| | JVM(P) | Babulal Marandi | 2,97,416 | 24.59 |
| | CPI(ML)L | Raj Kumar Yadav | 68,207 | 5.64 |
| | AITC | Kanchan Kumari | 14,119 | 1.17 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,55,600 | 37.67 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 12,09,661 | 66.68 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | |

### General election 2014

2014 Indian general elections: Kodarma :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Ravindra Kumar Ray | 365,410 | 35.65 |
| | CPI(ML)L | Raj Kumar Yadav | 2,66,756 | 26.03 |
| | JVM(P) | Pranav Kumar Verma | 1,60,638 | 15.67 |
| | INC | Tilakdhari Pd Singh | 60,330 | 5.89 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 98,654 | 9.63 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 10,24,939 | 62.51 |
| | BJP gain from JVM(P) | BJP gain from JVM(P) | Swing | |