OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Portal venous system

In the circulatory system of vertebrates, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed pools into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system.
Most capillary beds drain into venules and veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. There are three portal systems, two venous: the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system; and one arterial (one capillary system between two arteries): the renal portal system. Unqualified, portal venous system usually refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, portal vein most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein.
The functional significance of such a system is that it transports products of one region directly to another region in relatively high concentrations. If the heart were involved in the blood circulation between those two regions, those products would be spread around the rest of the body.

## In humans

The human hepatic portal system delivers about three-fourths of the blood going to the liver. The final common pathway for transport of venous blood from spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and the abdominal portion of the gastrointestinal tract (with the exception of the inferior part of the anal canal and sigmoid colon) is through the hepatic portal vein. This portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas at the level of vertebral body L1. Ascending towards the liver, the portal vein passes posterior to the superior part of the duodenum and enters the right margin of the lesser omentum. It is anterior to the omental foramen and posterior to both the bile duct, which is slightly to the right, and the hepatic artery proper, which is slightly to the left. On approaching the liver, the portal vein divides into right and left branches which enter the liver parenchyma. It gives off the right and left gastric veins, the cystic vein and the para-umbilical veins as tributaries.
The hypophyseal portal system transports hormones from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
In the renal portal system adrenal medulla capillaries are downstream from adrenal cortex capillaries. This portal system delivers high concentrations of adrenal cortical hormones to the adrenal medulla. In particular, glucocorticoids induce the enzymatic conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla. By contrast, the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk mainly produce norepinephrine because their cells are not bathed in high concentrations of glucocorticoids.
The venous blood of the pancreatic islets is upstream from the capillary system of the exocrine pancreas via efferent ducts. The acini of the exocrine pancreas are therefore directly exposed to high concentrations of hormones from the endocrine pancreas, forming the pancreatic portal system.
# Korbielów

Korbielów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jeleśnia, within Żywiec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, near the border with Slovakia. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Jeleśnia, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Żywiec, and 79 km (49 mi) south of the regional capital Katowice.
# Hawker Danecock

The Hawker Danecock biplane was developed from the Hawker Woodcock for the Danish air force and naval service.

## Design and development

In 1925 the Danish Government notified Hawker that they would order three aircraft similar to the Woodcock, but with certain improvements. This resulted in Sydney Camm making minor changes to the wings and cockpit area. Compared to the Woodcock II, the Danecock had unequal span wings, a slightly lengthened fuselage, a 385 hp (287 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IV engine and an armament of two 8 mm (0.315 in) Madsen machine guns. The first aircraft was flown on 18 December 1925 by George Bulman with all three aircraft delivered in February 1926.

## Operational history

After receiving the Hawker-built aircraft, Denmark obtained a licence to produce more Danecocks. This version, named the Dankok, was built in 1927 at the Danish Royal Naval Dockyard (Orlogsvaerftet) as the Orlogsvaerftet L.B.II. A total of 12 more were manufactured. One aircraft (a Hawker-build) broke the Scandinavian altitude record, reaching 28,208 ft (8,598 m). The Danecock/Dankok served until the mid-1930s when they were replaced by Hawker Nimrods. An example of the Dankok still exists in the Danish Aircraft Museum.

## Operators
### Denmark

* Danish Army Air Service (Hærens Flyvertropper)
* Danish Naval Air Service (Marinens Flyvevæsen)

## Specifications

Data from Hawker Aircraft since 1920
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 26 ft 1+1⁄4 in (7.96 m)
* Wingspan: 32 ft 7 in (9.93 m)
* Height: 10 ft 1 in (3.07 m)
* Wing area: 340 sq ft (32 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 2,128 lb (965 kg)
* Gross weight: 3,045 lb (1,381 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 52 imp gal (62 US gal; 240 L) Petrol/Benzol mix at 0.76 specific gravity
* Powerplant: 1 × Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IV 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine, 385 hp (287 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed wooden fixed pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 145 mph (233 km/h, 126 kn)
* Cruise speed: 105 mph (169 km/h, 91 kn)2.5 hours
* Service ceiling: 22,800 ft (6,900 m)
* Time to altitude: 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 8 minutes 15 seconds
Armament
* Guns: 2 × synchronised 8 mm (0.315 in) Madsen machine guns with 720 rpg.
# List of governors of Sikkim

The governor of Sikkim is the head of the Indian state of Sikkim. The governor is appointed by the president of India and is the nominal head of the state's executive power. This is a list of the governors of Sikkim.

## Powers and functions

The governor enjoys many different types of powers:
* Executive powers related to administration, appointments and removals,
* Legislative powers related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and
* Discretionary powers to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor.

## Governors of Sikkim

Key :
| • | indicates that this was an additional charge |
List of governors of Sikkim :
| # | Name | Took office | Left office | Term in Office | Home State | Appointed by |
| 1. | B. B. Lal | 18 May 1975 | 9 January 1981 | 5 years, 236 days | Not Known | Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed |
| 2. | Homi J. H. Taleyarkhan | 10 January 1981 | 17 June 1984 | 3 years, 159 days | Maharashtra | Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy |
| 3. | Kona Prabhakar Rao | 18 June 1984 | 30 May 1985 | 346 days | Andhra Pradesh | Zail Singh |
| – | Bhishma Narain Singh | 31 May 1985 | 20 November 1985 | 173 days | Jharkhand | Zail Singh |
| 4. | T.V. Rajeswar | 21 November 1985 | 1 March 1989 | 3 years, 100 days | Tamil Nadu | Zail Singh |
| 5. | S.K. Bhatnagar | 2 March 1989 | 7 February 1990 | 342 days | Not Known | R. Venkataraman |
| 6. | Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani | 8 February 1990 | 20 September 1994 | 4 years, 224 days | Maharashtra | R. Venkataraman |
| 7. | P. Shiv Shankar | 21 September 1994 | 11 November 1995 | 355 days | Andhra Pradesh | Shankar Dayal Sharma |
| – | K.V. Raghunatha Reddy | 12 November 1995 | 9 February 1996 | 89 days | Andhra Pradesh | Shankar Dayal Sharma |
| 8. | Chaudhary Randhir Singh | 10 February 1996 | 17 May 2001 | 5 years, 96 days | Haryana | Shankar Dayal Sharma |
| 9. | Kidar Nath Sahani | 18 May 2001 | 25 October 2002 | 1 year, 160 days | Delhi | K. R. Narayan |
| 10. | V. Rama Rao | 26 October 2002 | 12 July 2006 | 3 years, 259 days | Andhra Pradesh | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam |
| — | R.S. Gavai | 13 July 2006 | 12 August 2006 | 30 days | Maharashtra | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam |
| (10). | V. Rama Rao | 13 August 2006 | 25 October 2007 | 1 year, 73 days | Andhra Pradesh | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam |
| 11. | Sudarshan Agarwal | 25 October 2007 | 8 July 2008 | 257 days | Punjab | Pratibha Patil |
| 12. | Balmiki Prasad Singh | 9 July 2008 | 30 June 2013 | 4 years, 356 days | Bihar | Pratibha Patil |
| 13. | Shriniwas Dadasaheb Patil | 1 July 2013 | 26 August 2018 | 5 years, 56 days | Maharashtra | Pranab Mukherjee |
| 14. | Ganga Prasad | 26 August 2018 | 12 February 2023 | 4 years, 170 days | Bihar | Ramnath Kovind |
| 15. | Lakshman Acharya | 13 February 2023 | 30 July 2024 | 1 year, 168 days | Uttar Pradesh | Draupadi Murmu |
| 16. | Om Prakash Mathur | 31 July 2024 | Incumbent | 138 days | Rajasthan | Draupadi Murmu |
# Our Lady of Aberdeen

Our Lady of Aberdeen the traditional term for the Notre Dame du Bon Succès, a wooden statue of the Madonna and Child which is now venerated in the Church of Our Lady of Finisterrae in Brussels, Belgium. Originally venerated in Old Aberdeen, the original statue was hidden at Strathbogie Castle for decades following the 1560 Scottish Reformation by the Catholic Marquess of Huntly and Chief of Clan Gordon, to protect it from destruction by the Kirk. It was eventually smuggled for its own protection in 1625 to its current location in what was then the Spanish Netherlands.
Since Catholic Emancipation in 1829, replicas of the statue have become widely popular objects of devotion throughout the whole North East of Scotland. The once strictly illegal and underground Catholic Church in Scotland celebrates the feast day of Our Lady of Aberdeen every 9 July.

## History

The origins of the statue in Brussels are uncertain. It is believed that it may have been in Old Aberdeen as early as 1450. References to a statue in a Chapel at the Bridge of Dee in Aberdeen suggest that it may have been placed there by Bishop Gavin Dunbar of Aberdeen (1514–1531).
At the beginning of the Scottish Reformation (c. 1559), many Christian art and consecrated religious objects from churches and, from St Machar's Cathedral in Old Aberdeen in particular, were either destroyed by the officials of the Kirk or given for safe keeping to Catholic sympathisers. It is claimed that the statue was kept in safekeeping by a Catholic member of the local Scottish nobility, George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly and Chief of Clan Gordon, at Strathbogie Castle until 1625. It was then smuggled to Dunkirk in the Spanish Netherlands by William Laing, thought to be an agent for the Spanish Habsburgs, and given to Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and his wife, Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia, in Brussels. There is a reliable and well documented history of Notre Dame du Bon Succès in Brussels from that date until the present.
Writing in 1909, Dom Odo Blundell of Fort Augustus Abbey, the respected historian of the illegal and underground Catholic Church in Scotland, declared, "The Abbé MacPherson, than whom no one was more conversant with the history of the Catholic Church in Scotland since the Reformation, asserted that, 'the preservation of the ancient Faith was due, under God, to the House of Gordon'. And indeed this fact stands out very prominently in the history of the seventeenth and of the first half of the eighteenth centuries, and receive confirmation from the fact that whether we follow the titles of the former Dukes of Gordon, or the line of their possessions, we shall always find that the Catholics were there protected, and that fair remains of the old Faith still exist."

## Locations

There are copies in St. Mary's Cathedral and in the Bishop's House, formerly the Convent of the Sacred Heart at Queen's Cross, both in Aberdeen. Other copies include one at St Peter's Church in Buckie and another at St Peter's Church in Aberdeen.

## Feast day

The Catholic Church in Scotland celebrates 9 July as Our Lady of Aberdeen Day.
# Te Tihi-o-Kahukura / Castle Rock

Te Tihi-o-Kahukura / Castle Rock is a prominent rock outcrop in the Port Hills above Christchurch, New Zealand. It is a short distance north of Te Moenga-o-Wheke / The Tors, on the northern side of Summit Road. It sits directly to the west of the Bridle Path and the Lyttelton road tunnel. The rocky outcrop itself is 167 metres (548 ft) long, 83 metres (272 ft) wide and up to 24 metres (79 ft) high.

## History

The te reo Māori name roughly means 'The summit of Kahukura'. The area was considered tapu to early Māori, as a pinnacle associated with Kahukura, an atua that manifests as part of a rainbow. According to a tradition, when Ngāi Tahu tribesmen were approaching up the valley below, the chief of Ngāti Māmoe threw his spear from the top of the rock at them as a sign of frustration.
The English name was coined by early European settlers, who used the prominent rock as a navigation reference. Castle Rock is one of the Seven Brothers of hilltops around the Port Hills. It was at various times known as Hammerton Crags, Dover Castle, and Heathcote Rock before the name 'Castle Rock' finally stuck.
The rock was at one time owned by Arthur Dudley Dobson who briefly considered quarrying the rock to sell, however he never went through with these plans.
The area is popular with walkers and rock-climbers.
# Kent-Meridian High School

Kent-Meridian High School is a public high school located in Kent, Washington, United States. It is one of four high schools in the Kent School District, along with Kentlake High School, Kentridge High School and Kentwood High School. As of 2024, its principal is David Radford.

## History

The school opened in its present form in 1951 when the Kent School District merged with the Panther Lake and Meridian School Districts. This new high school served all three districts. The former Kent High School building became Kent Junior High School.

## Athletics

Kent-Meridian is part of the Cascade Division of the North Puget Sound League as of the 2016-17 school year. Kent-Meridian High School's athletic teams are known as the Royals. Teams compete at French Field located next to the school.
Kent-Meridian uses a swimming pool which was built as a part of King County Forward Thrust which is now owned by the city of Kent.
Kent-Meridian won a track state championship in 2011, and finished second in 2009.

### Taylor Trophy

The Taylor Trophy is given to and kept by the winner of the yearly football rivalry between Auburn High School and Kent-Meridian dating back to 1908. Dr. Owen Taylor created the trophy presentation in 1929. Dr. Taylor owned the Kent hospital that was on Second Avenue and Gowe Street and he had a home on Scenic Hill. The rivalry is the second oldest football rivalry in Washington.

## Kent-Meridian Technology Academy

Kent-Meridian is home to the Kent-Meridian Technology Academy. The KMTA is an innovative Small Learning Community that is part of Kent-Meridian, characterized by its utilization of project-based learning, STEAM, and 21st Century Skills.
Currently, KMTA offers classes for 9th through 10th grade, with a KMTA 11 program for 11th grade students.

## Notable alumni

* Red Badgro – former MLB player, St. Louis Browns
* Karl Best – former MLB player, Seattle Mariners, Minnesota Twins
* John Bronson – NFL football player, Arizona Cardinals
* Morgan Christen – circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, appointed by Barack Obama
* Robin Earl – former football player, Chicago Bears running back
* Jeff Jaeger – former NFL kicker
* Reggie Jones – former NFL cornerback
* PZ Myers – blogger
* Robert L. Phillips – author, entrepreneur and professor
* Dave Reichert – congressman from Washington, former King County sheriff
* Jaleen Roberts – track and field athlete
* John Taylor – reality television star, Too Fat for 15: Fighting Back
* Kyle Townsend – Grammy and Academy nominee, record producer
# Koszęcin

Koszęcin is a village in Lubliniec County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Koszęcin. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-east of Lubliniec and 43 km (27 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 1277, when it was part of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. Later on it passed to Bohemia (Czechia). In 1640, Koszęcin was bought by Fryderyk Blacha. It was annexed by Prussia in the 18th century, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany. It was the site of fights during the Polish Third Silesian Uprising against Germany in 1921, and afterwards it was reintegrated with Poland, which just regained independence following World War I.
It was occupied by Germany following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939. The occupiers operated the E416 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp in the village. After Germany's defeat in the war, in 1945, the village was restored to Poland.
It was previously in Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975–1998).
* The palace, before 1931
* The church, ca 1932

## Sights and culture

There is a historic palace and two heritage churches (Holy Trinity church and Sacred Heart church) in the village. A Culture Center is located in Koszęcin. The Koszęcin radio transmitter is located nearby.

## Transport

Koszęcin is located at the intersection of the Voivodeship roads 906 and 907, and there is also a train station.

## Gallery

* Palace
* Sacred Heart church
* Forestry
* Holy Trinity church
* Municipal office
# 1989 European Parliament election in Ireland

Members of the European Parliament for Ireland :
| 1st delegation | (1973) |
| 2nd delegation | (1973–1977) |
| 3rd delegation | (1977–1979) |
| 1st term | (1979) |
| 2nd term | (1984) |
| 3rd term | (1989) |
| 4th term | (1994) |
| 5th term | (1999) |
| 6th term | (2004) |
| 7th term | (2009) |
| 8th term | (2014) |
| 9th term | (2019) |
| 10th term | (2024) |
Women :
vte :
The 1989 European Parliament election in Ireland was the Irish component of the 1989 European Parliament election. The election was conducted under the single transferable vote.

## Results

Elections to the European Parliament in Ireland – 1989 :
| Party | Party | European Party | Party Leader | 1st Pref Vote | % | ±% | Seats | ± |
| | Fianna Fáil | EDA | Charles Haughey | 514,537 | 31.5 | −7.7 | 6 | −2 |
| | Fine Gael | EPP | Alan Dukes | 353,094 | 21.6 | −10.6 | 4 | −2 |
| | Progressive Democrats | ELDR | Desmond O'Malley | 194,059 | 12.0 | +12.0 | 1 | +1 |
| | Labour Party | SOC | Dick Spring | 155,572 | 9.5 | +1.2 | 1 | +1 |
| | Workers' Party | Left Unity | Proinsias De Rossa | 124,679 | 7.7 | +3.4 | 1 | +1 |
| | Independent Fianna Fáil | RBW | Neil Blaney | 52,852 | 3.2 | +0.3 | 1 | +1 |
| | Green Party | Green Group | none | 61,041 | 3.7 | +3.2 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Sinn Féin | | Gerry Adams | 35,923 | 2.2 | −2.7 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Independent | Independent | Independent | 140,971 | 8.6 | +0.9 | 1 | ±0 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 1,632,728 | 100.0 | — | 15 | — |

### MEPs elected

| Constituency | Name | Party | EP group |
| Connacht–Ulster | Mark Killilea | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Connacht–Ulster | Neil Blaney | Independent Fianna Fáil | RBW |
| Connacht–Ulster | Joe McCartin | Fine Gael | EPP |
| Dublin | Niall Andrews | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Dublin | Proinsias De Rossa | Workers' Party | GUE/NGL |
| Dublin | Barry Desmond | Labour | SOC |
| Dublin | Mary Banotti | Fine Gael | EPP |
| Leinster | Patrick Lalor | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Leinster | Patrick Cooney | Fine Gael | EPP |
| Leinster | Jim Fitzsimons | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Munster | Pat Cox | Progressive Democrats | ELDR |
| Munster | Gene Fitzgerald | Fianna Fáil | EDA |
| Munster | T.J. Maher | Independent | ELDR |
| Munster | John Cushnahan | Fine Gael | EPP |
| Munster | Paddy Lane | Fianna Fáil | EDA |

### Voting details

| Constituency | Electorate | Turnout | Spoilt | Valid Poll | Quota | Seats | Candidates |
| Connacht–Ulster | 464,661 | 322,664 (69.4%) | 10,362 (3.2%) | 312,302 | 78,076 | 3 | 13 |
| Dublin | 711,416 | 455,539 (64.0%) | 7,137 (1.5%) | 448,402 | 89,681 | 4 | 11 |
| Leinster | 571,694 | 391,697 (68.5%) | 14,106 (3.6%) | 377,591 | 94,398 | 3 | 15 |
| Munster | 703,913 | 505,219 (71.7%) | 10,786 (2.2%) | 494,433 | 82,406 | 5 | 15 |
| Total | 2,451,684 | 1,675,119 (68.3%) | 42,391 (2.6%) | 1,632,728 | — | 15 | 44 |
# Charles W. Gates

Charles Winslow Gates (January 12, 1856, in Franklin, Vermont – July 1, 1927) was an American politician who served as the 55th governor of Vermont from 1915 to 1917.

## Biography

Gates was born January 12, 1856, son of Harrison and Leona Rebecca (Shedd) Gates, in Franklin, Vermont. He graduated from St. Johnsbury Academy in 1880, and was a teacher and principal of the Franklin Academy until 1884. He married Mary Elizabeth Hayden on April 9, 1890. They had one daughter, Edith Rebecca, and two sons, Paul Hayden and Winslow Harrison.

## Career

Gates purchased a mercantile in 1884 which he operated successfully while maintaining his homestead farm. President of the Franklin County Fair Association and a Director of the Enosburg Falls Savings Bank, he also founded the Franklin Telephone Company in 1895. He served in the Vermont House from 1898 to 1900, in the state Senate from 1900 to 1902. He was appointed a State Highway Commissioner in 1904 by Governor Charles Bell and again in 1906 by Governor Fletcher Proctor, serving on the commission until 1914. During his service, he secured appropriations for permanent road construction and maintenance.
Since Gates was deemed a Republican with progressive ideas, in 1914 he was nominated for governor in an attempt by Republicans to heal the rift between party activists who supported President Taft's reelection in 1912 and Progressives who supported Theodore Roosevelt. He was elected and served from January 7, 1915, to January 4, 1917. During his term Vermont enacted direct primaries for nominating US House and Senate candidates, worker's compensation, a junior and senior high school system, and a public school vocational education program. Gates was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican US Senate nomination in 1916, after which he returned to his Franklin County business interests.

## Death

Gates died in Franklin on July 1, 1927. He was interred at Maple Grove Cemetery in Franklin.
# Seth Tarver

Seth A. Tarver (born July 1, 1988) is an American former professional basketball player who last played for the Passlab Yamagata Wyverns of the B.League. Tarver played for the Oregon State Beavers in college and graduated in 2010 with a degree in business. His brother, Josh Tarver, also played with him all four years at Oregon State. His father is former NFL running-back John Tarver.

## Amateur career

Tarver graduated from Jesuit High School in 2006. Coming out of high school he was widely considered as Oregon's best senior basketball player. As a senior Tarver was named Metro League Player of the Year and to the all-state first team. Tarver lead Jesuit to the 4A Oregon State Championship his junior year. He also ran track and field in high school competing in the 4x100 and 4x400 relays.
Tarver missed most of his freshman year at Oregon State with a minor case of plantar fasciitis. In his sophomore year Tarver started a team high 27 games and lead the Beavers in minutes per game. Tarver's junior season he helped lead Oregon State to the 2009 CBI Title and was named to the honorable mention Pac-10 all-defensive team. Tarver's senior season at Oregon State was his best season. He won the 2010 Pac-10 Defensive Player of the Year at the top of Oregon State's 1–3–1 defense. Tarver was the first Oregon State player to lead the Pac-10 in steals since Gary Payton in 1990.

## Professional career

After his senior season at Oregon State Tarver entered the 2010 NBA draft. However, he went undrafted. He would later receive an invite to the Portland Trail Blazers pre-season team. Tarver played the 2010 NBA pre-season with the Blazers before being signed to the Idaho Stampede, a Blazers D-League affiliate. In July 2011 he signed a one-year deal with EnBW Ludwigsburg in Germany. He left the club before playing a game for them. Tarver returned to the Stampede for the 2011–12 season and remained on the roster until he was traded to the Sioux Falls Skyforce in February 2013. In 2013 Tarver signed with Rizing Fukuoka and began his basketball career in Japan.