# List of sovereign states in 1500
## Sovereign states
### A

* Abazinia – Abazinia
* Aceh – Aceh Sultanate Capital: Kutaraja
* Adal – Adal Sultanate Capital: Dakkar
* Ahmadnagar – Ahmadnagar Sultanate Capital: Ahmadnagar
* Ahom – Ahom Kingdom
* Airgíalla
* Ailech
* Aïr – Terene Sultanate of Aïr (to 1500) Capital: Agadez
* Ajuran – Ajuran Sultanate Capital: Mareeg
* Ağ Qoyunlu – Ağ Qoyunlu Confederation Capital: Tabriz
* Alodia – Alodia Capital: Soba
* Andorra – Principality of Andorra Capital: Andorra la Vella
* Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan Capital: Xacitarxan
* Ava – Kingdom of Ava Capital: Ava
* Avar – Avar Khanate Capital: Khunzah
* Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom Capital: Ayutthaya (city)
* Aztec – Aztec Empire Capital: Tenochtitlan
** Tenochtitlan
** Texcoco
** Tlacopan

### B

* Bamum – Kingdom of Bamum Capital: Fumban
* Banu Sulaym
* Bahmani – Bahmani Sultanate (undergoing breakup) Capital: Bidar
* Bastar – Bastar State Capital: Jagdalpur
* Benin – Benin Empire Capital: Edo
* Bengal – Sultanate of Bengal Capital: Gaur
* Berar – Berar Sultanate Capital: Ellichpur
* Bidar – Bidar Sultanate Capital: Bidar
* Bijapur – Adil Shahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate Capital: Bijapur
* Bikaner Capital: Bikaner
* Bonoman Capital: Begho
* Borgu – Kingdom of Borgu Capital: New Bussa
* Bornu – Bornu Empire Capital: Ngazargamu
* Brunei – Bruneian Sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
* Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda Capital: Mengo
* Bundi – Bundi State
* Butua – Kingdom of Butua Capital: Khami
* Butuan – Rajahnate of Butuan Capital: Butuan
* Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara

### C

* Caboloan Capital: Binalatongan
* Cambodia Capital: Chaktomuk
* Chamba – Chamba State Capital: Chamba
* Champa – Chăm Pa Capital: Panduranga
* China – Empire of the Great Ming Capital: Nanjing Capital: Jingshi
* Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom Capital: Sadiya
* Circassia Capital: Sochi
* Clandeboye
* Cospaia - Republic of Cospaia Capital: Cospaia
* Cutch – Cutch State Capital: Lakhiarviro

### D

* Damot – Kingdom of Damot
* Đại Việt Capital: Dong Kinh
* Dawro – Kingdom of Dawro
* Delhi – Delhi Sultanate Capital: Delhi
* Demak – Sultanate of Demak Capital: Bintara
* Denkyira Capital: Dunkwa-on-Offin
* Desmond – Kingdom of Desmond Capital: Cahersiveen
* Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Capital: Copenhagen
* Dizak – Principality of Dizak
* Dulkadirids – Beylik of Dulkadir Capital: Maraş

### E

* England – Kingdom of England Capital: London
* Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

### F

* Fermanagh Capital: Lisnaskea
* France – Kingdom of France Capital: Paris

### G

* Gajapati – Gajapati dynasty, Odisha Capital: Cuttack
* Garhwal – Kingdom of Garhwal Capital: Devalgarh
* Genoa – Republic of Genoa Capital: Genoa
* Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa Capital: Sungguminasa
* Great Fulo – Empire of Great Fulo Capital: Anyam-Godo
* Golden Horde – Golden Horde Capital: Sarai Batu
* Gujarat – Gujarat Sultanate Capital: Muhammadabad

### H

* Hanthawaddy – Hanthawaddy Kingdom Capital: Hanthawaddy
* Hausa Kingdoms
* Hawwara
* Holy Roman Empire (high decentralized limited elective monarchy)
* Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary Capital: Buda

### I

* Igala – Kingdom of Igala Capital: Idah
* Imereti – Kingdom of Imereti Capital: Kutaisi
* Inca – Inca Empire Capital: Cusco
* Iroquois – Iroquois Confederacy Capital: Onondaga

### J

* Jaffna – Kingdom of Jaffna Capital: Nallur
* Jailolo – Sultanate of Jailolo Capital: Jailolo
* Jaintia – Kingdom of Jaintia Capital: Jaintia Rajbari
* Jaisalmer – Kingdom of Jaisalmer Capital: Jaisalmer
* Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero Capital: Fofa
* Japan – Ashikaga Shogunate Capital: Kyoto
* Jolof – Jolof Empire Capital: Linguère
* Joseon – Kingdom of Great Joseon Capital: Hanseong
* Jumla – Kingdom of Jumla

### K

* Kabardia – Princedom of Kabardia Capital: Nalchik
* Kachari – Kingdom of Kachari Capital: Maibang
* Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa Capital: Anderaccha
* Kakheti – Kingdom of Kakheti Capital: Gremi
* Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo Capital: Kinguele
* Kalahandi – Kalahandi State Capital: Bhawanipatna
* Kamata – Kingdom of Kamata
* Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy Capital: Kandy
* Kangleipak – Kangleipak State
* Kangra – Kingdom of Kangra
* Kanker – Kanker State Capital: Kanker
* Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli Capital: Tbilisi
* Kashmir – Shah Mir Dynasty of Kashmir
* Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate Capital: Turkistan
* Kazan – Khanate of Kazan Capital: Kazan
* Khachen – Principality of Khachen Capital: Haterk
* Kilwa – Kilwa Sultanate
* Knights Hospitaller – Order of Saint John Capital: Rhodes
* Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo Capital: M'banza-Kongo
* Kotte – Kingdom of Kotte Capital: Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
* Kumaon – Kingdom of Kumaon Capital: Champawat
* Kutai – Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate Capital: Pemarangan
* Kwararafa – Kwararafa Confederacy Capital: Wukari

### L

* Ladakh – Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh
* Lan Na – Lanna Kingdom Capital: Chiang Mai
* Lan Xang Capital: Luang Prabang
* Lithuania – Grand Duchy of Lithuania Capital: Vilnius
* Luwu – Kingdom of Luwu Capital: Wara

### M

* Madja-as – Confederation of Madja-as Capital: Irong-Irong
* Magh Luirg
* Majapahit – Majapahit Empire Capital: Majapahit
* Malacca – The Malay Sultanate of Malacca Capital: Malacca
* Maldives – Sultanate of the Maldives Capital: Malé
* Mali – Mali Empire Capital: Niani village
* Malwa – Malwa Sultanate Capital: Mandu
* Mamluk – Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo Capital: Cairo
* Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara
* Mankessim – Kingdom of Mankessim Capital: Mankessim
* Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi Capital: Manthimba
* Marwar – Kingdom of Marwar Capital: Jodhpur
* Mayas – Maya civilization
* Maynila – Kingdom of Maynila
* Medri Bahri – Land of the Sea Capital: Debarwa
* Mewar – Mewar Kingdom Capital: Chittor
* Mewat – Mewat State Capital: Alwar
* Moghulistan Capital: Almaliq
* Morocco – Wattasid dynasty of Morocco Capital: Fes
* Mossi Kingdoms
* Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U Capital: Mrauk U
* Muisca Confederation
* Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Muscovy Capital: Moscow
* Mustang – Kingdom of Mustang Capital: Lo Manthang
* Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa Capital: Zvongombe

### N

* Namayan - Kingdom of Namayan Capital: Sapa
* Naples – Kingdom of Naples Capital: Naples
* Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre Capital: Pamplona
* Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal (divided into three kingdoms since 1482)
* Nogai – Nogai Horde Capital: Saray-Jük
* Noli – Republic of Noli Capital: Noli
* Nri – Kingdom of Nri Capital: Igbo-Ukwu
* Nupe – Kingdom of Nupe Capital: Bida

### O

* Oirat – Four Oirat
* Oman – Imamate of Oman Capital: Nizwa
* Osraige Capital: Kilkenny
* Ottoman Empire Capital: Constantinople
* Oyo – Oyo Empire Capital: Oyo-Ile

### P

* Pagaruyung – Kingdom of Pagaruyung Capital: Pagaruyung
* Papal States - State of the Church Capital: Rome
* Patna – Patna State Capital: Balangir
* Poland – Kingdom of Poland Capital: Kraków
* Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal Capital: Lisbon
* Prome – Kingdom of Prome Capital: Pyay
* Pskov – Republic of Pskov Capital: Pskov

### R

* Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa Capital: Ragusa
* Ramazanids – Emirate of Ramadan Capital: Adana
* Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui Capital: Te Peu
* Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda Capital: Nyanza
* Ryazan – Principality of Ryazan Capital: Ryazan
* Ryukyu – Ryukyu Kingdom Capital: Shuri

### S

* Saloum – Kingdom of Saloum Capital: Kahone
* Samtskhe – Samtskhe Atabegate Capital: Akhaltsikhe
* Samudera Pasai – Samudera Pasai Sultanate Capital: Pasai
* San Marino – Republic of San Marino Capital: City of San Marino
* Saudeleur – Saudeleur dynasty Capital: Nan Madol
* Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland Capital: Edinburgh
* Senarica – Senarica Republic Capital: Senarica
* Shan States (minor kingdoms of Burma)
* Shewa – Sultanate of Shewa Capital: Tegulat
* Shaybanid Uzbek State (Khanate of Bukhara) Capital: Samarkand
* Shilluk – Shilluk Kingdom
* Sibir – Khanate of Sibir Capital: Qashliq
* Sindh – Samma dynasty of Sindh Capital: Thatta
* Songhai – Songhai Empire Capital: Gao
* Suket – Suket State Capital: Sundar Nagar
* Sunda – Kingdom of Sunda Capital: Pakuan Pajajaran
* Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden Capital: Stockholm

### T

* Tarascan state Capital: Tzintzuntzan (Mesoamerican site)
* Ternate – Sultanate of Ternate Capital: Ternate
* Teutonic Knights – State of the Teutonic Order Capital: Königsberg
* Thomond – Kingdom of Thomond
* Tibet, Phagmodrupa – Phagmodrupa dynasty of Tibet Capital: Nêdong
* Tibet, Rinpungpa – Rinpungpa dynasty of Tibet Capital: Shigatse
* Tidore – Sultanate of Tidore Capital: Tidore
* Timurid Empire Capital: Herat
* Tlaxcala – Confederacy of Tlaxcala Capital: Tlaxcala
* Tlemcen – Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen Capital: Tlemcen
* Tondo – Tundun Capital: Tondo
* Tonga – Tu'i Tonga Empire Capital: Mu'a (Tongatapu)
* Tunjurs – Tunjur Kingdom Capital: Uri
* Tunis – Sultanate of Tunis Capital: Tunis
* Tyrconnell Capital: Kilmacrennan Capital: Donegal Castle
* Tyrone
* Twipra – Kingdom of Twipra Capital: Khorongma

### U

* Uí Maine
* Usfurids – Usfurid dynasty

### V

* Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice Capital: Venice
* Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire Capital: Vijayanagara

### W

* Warsangali – Warsangali Sultanate Capital: Las Khorey
* Wehali – Sultanate of Wehali
* Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta

### Y

* Yemen – Tahirid dynasty of Yemen Capital: Zabid
* Yuan – Northern Yuan

### Z

* Zapotec – Zapotec Empire Capital: Mitla

## Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized collection of polities. A comprehensive list of all of its anachronistic components has been made at List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, and would be much too large to fit here.
* Austria – Archduchy of Austria Capital: Vienna
* Bavaria – Duchy of Bavaria Capital: Regensburg
* Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia Capital: Prague
* Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg Capital: Berlin
* Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine Capital: Heidelberg
* Florence – Republic of Florence Capital: Florence
* Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine Capital: Nancy
* Savoy – Duchy of Savoy Capital: Chambéry
* Saxony – Electorate of Saxony Capital: Wittenberg
* Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy

## Crowns and Unions

Crowns were composite monarchies composed of multiple countries under one ruler.
* Kalmar Union
* Kingdom of Denmark
* Norway
* Kingdom of Sweden
* Polish–Lithuanian union (federal union)
* Kingdom of Poland
* Grand Duchy of Lithuania
* Spain (dynastic union)
** Aragon – Crown of Aragon
*** Kingdom of Aragon
*** Principality of Catalonia
*** Kingdom of Valencia
*** Kingdom of Majorca
*** Kingdom of Sardinia
*** Kingdom of Sicily
*** Kingdom of Naples
** Castile – Crown of Castile
* Kingdom of Castile
* Kingdom of Leon

## Non-Sovereign Territories
### England

* Wales (client state) – Principality of Wales Capital: Cardiff

### Gujarat

* Khandesh – Faruqi dynasty of the Khandesh Sultanate (vassal) Capital: Burhanpur

### Imereti

* Guria (client state) – Principality of Guria Capital: Ozurgeti
* Svaneti (subject) – Principality of Svaneti

### Ottoman Empire

* Crimean Khanate – Crimean Khanate (vassal) Capital: Bakhchysarai
* Wallachia – Principality of Wallachia (vassal) Capital: Târgoviște

### Poland

* Moldavia – Principality of Moldavia (fief) Capital: Suceava

### Portugal

* Azores (possession)
* Brazil (colony)
* Ceuta (possession; Moroccan city captured in 1415)
* Portuguese Gold Coast (colony) Capital: São Jorge da Mina
* Portuguese Mozambique (colony) Capital: Lourenço Marques
* Príncipe (colony)
* São Tomé (colony)
* Tangier (possession)

### Spain (Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon)

* Canary Islands – Kingdom of the Canary Islands Capital: Teguise (municipality)
* Mellila – Mellila (Moroccan city seized in 1497)

### Sunda

* Cirebon – Sultanate of Cirebon (vassal) Capital: Cirebon

### Vijayanagara

* Calicut – Kingdom of Kozhikode (vassal) Capital: Kozhikode
* Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore (vassal) Capital: Mysore