OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joan Ramon II, Count of Cardona

The 3rd Count of Cardona, Joan Ramon II Folc de Cardona (14 June 1400 – 1471), was a Catalan nobleman in the late Middle Ages. His titles included Count of Cardona and Count-consort of Prades, as well as Viscount of Vilamur.

## Biography

He was born in (circa) 1400. His parents were Joan Ramon I, 2nd Count of Cardona, and his wife Joana de Gandia. In 1404, he received the Viscountcy of Vilamur from his family.
In the aftermath of the Compromis de Casp of 1412, the young Joan Ramon was still planned to marry Cecilia de Urgell, sister of the vanquished throne candidate Jaume, Count of Urgell. However, by 1418 this wedding project for him had ended in failure.
Instead, the young heir Joan Ramon de Cardona was in 1418 married with Joana de Prades, a younger sister of the Dowager Queen Margerida de Prades who had married very young the aged and ailing King Martin I of Aragon.
Joana inherited the county of Prades, and the Barony of Entença, by royal decision of 1425. This made the young Joan Ramon a sitting peer, Count of Prades, in the parliament, already in lifetime of his father. It even meant that the son's rank was higher than the father's, because Prades was a more senior peerage. The father and son always presented themselves together in the parliament. The younger Joan Ramon was active in parliamentary politics.
When his father, the 2nd Count of Cardona, died in 1441, he inherited the title of Admiral of Aragon and the title of Count of Cardona too. In 1445, as a belated consequence of the death of his father, he decided to renounce Prades and Vilamur in favor of his own son, Joan Ramon III.
However, from about 1445, he also lived in retirement in Cardona, taking an abstentionist role to politics. When the Catalan Civil War broke out in 1462, the county of Cardona remained loyal to King John II of Aragon. Despite the old count's inactivity, this loyalty caused the Catalan authorities to declare the elderly Count Joan Ramon II as enemy of the Principality of Catalonia, in 1462. King John II of Aragon, battling against his own rebelling Catalan subjects, experienced extreme difficulties in 1467, but in 1468, his younger son and later King (from 1479) 16-year-old Ferdinand II of Aragon, received the military help of this 3rd Count of Cardona.
Count Joan Ramon II died in 1471 at Cardona in Bages.

## Family

From his marriage with Juana de Prades, five children were born:
* Timbor de Cardona, a nun,
* Violeta de Cardona, married to Felip Albert de Pallars,
* Margarita de Cardona, married to Galcerán VII de Pinos-Fenollet,
* Juana de Cardona, married to Arnau Roger IV de Pallars-Sobirá,
* Juan Ramón Folch III de Cardona (1418-1486), his only son and successor, who would incorporate his mother's titles to those of Count of Cardona.

## Sources

* Enciclopedia catalana
# La Gorce Island

La Gorce Island is an island built in 1924 within the city of Miami Beach in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is located in Biscayne Bay in the La Gorce neighborhood, in the area of the city referred to as North Beach. The island and surrounding La Gorce neighborhood were named after Miami Beach developer Carl Fisher's close friend, John Oliver La Gorce, a renowned explorer, author, and president of the National Geographic Society. La Gorce Island, Inc. established the island in 1934 and maintained it until 1946, when the La Gorce Homeowners Association took over community governance.
La Gorce Island is estimated to be a 20-minute drive to the Miami International Airport, Downtown Miami, the Design District and Coconut Grove.
The properties located in La Gorce Island are said to showcase classic architectural details and design elements found in anything from newly constructed modern buildings to restored historic estates and mansions in the Mediterranean style, making for a diverse selection of accommodations. Many of the homes feature private docks.
Top-ranked public and private schools like North Beach Elementary, Nautilus Middle School, Miami Beach Senior High School, Lehrman Community Day School, The Montessori Academy at St. John's, The Cushman School, Miami Country Day School, Ransom Everglades School, Coconut Grove Montessori School, and St. Hugh Catholic School are located within a convenient distance for residents of La Gorce Island, making it an ideal location for families seeking high-quality education options for their children while enjoying the luxurious lifestyle the island offers.
# Vwawa

Vwawa (Swahili: Mji wa Vwavwa) is a town and an administrative ward in Mbozi District and the location of the headquarters of Songwe Region, Tanzania. According to the 2002 census, the ward had a total population of 37 844.
The major tribe found in Vwawa is Nyiha, but other tribes include Ndali, Chaggas, Nyakyusa and Lambyas. According to 2012 Tanzanian census, the population of Vwawa was 65 625 people, including 26 372 males and 29 884 females. The main economic activity is agriculture.

## Namesake

There is another town in Tanzania with this name.
# Chuck Curran

Charles J. Curran (born June 1, 1939 in Galion, Ohio) is an American politician.
He was born in 1939 in Galion, Ohio, the son of a railroad construction worker. He graduated from Bellefontaine High School in Bellefontaine, Ohio in 1958. After high school, Curran ended up in Charleston, Illinois where he earned a bachelor's degree in government and library science from Eastern Illinois University in 1963. He completed some graduate work at Miami University and the University of Dayton.
Curran relocated to Dayton, Ohio in 1963 to handle government documents for the Dayton Public Library. He then worked as a Social Sciences teacher at Fairborn High School from 1963–65, and he worked as a Reference Librarian at Belmont High School from 1965-66. In 1966, Curran was hired as a Political Science instructor at Sinclair Community College in Dayton.
He served as a Democrat on the city commission of Dayton, from 1970-79. He later served as the Democratic Ohio State Senator for the 6th district from 1979-83. In 1983, Charles began his first of 6 four-year terms as Montgomery County Commissioner (served 1983-2006). In 1996, Curran switched to the Republican Party. In November 2006, he was defeated by Democratic candidate, Dan Foley. He continues to serve as Associate Professor of Political Science at Sinclair Community College.
On June 15, 1963, Curran married Mara Ann Wahl (born October 19, 1941); the couple has three children.
# 1956 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships

The 1956 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships were organized by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and served as the national championships in indoor track and field for the United States.
The men's edition was held at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York, and it took place February 23. The women's meet was held separately at the D.C. Armory in Washington, D.C., taking place January 21.
At the championships, foreign guest Ron Delany won the mile by 10 yards.

## Medal summary
### Men

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 60 yards | John Haines | 6.2 | | |
| 600 yards | Lou Jones | 1:11.0 | | |
| 1000 yards | Arnie Sowell | 2:08.4 | | |
| Mile run | Ron Delany (IRL) | 4:14.5 | Laszlo Tabori (HUN) | Fred Dwyer |
| 3 miles | Horace Ashenfelter | 14:09.6 | | |
| 60 yards hurdles | Lee Calhoun | 7.2 | | |
| High jump | Ernie Shelton | 2.06 m | | |
| Pole vault | Don Bragg | 4.60 m | | |
| Pole vault | Bob Richards | 4.60 m | | |
| Long jump | Roslyn Range | 7.50 m | | |
| Shot put | Parry O'Brien | 18.72 m | | |
| Weight throw | Bob Backus | 19.47 m | | |
| 1 mile walk | Henry Laskau | 6:44.5 | | |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 50 yards | Isabelle Daniels | 6.2 | | |
| 100 yards | Isabelle Daniels | 11.1 | | |
| 220 yards | Mae Faggs | 26.8 | | |
| 70 yards hurdles | Connie Darnowski | 9.7 | | |
| High jump | Mildred McDaniel | 1.62 m | | |
| Standing long jump | Nancy Cowperthwaite-Phillips | 2.49 m | | |
| Shot put | Adele Tischler (TCH) | 13.52 m | Jackie MacDonald (CAN) | Louis Testa |
| Basketball throw | Catherine Walsh | 101 ft 6 in (30.93 m) | | |
# Shine (Frida song)

"Shine" is a song recorded in 1984 by ABBA singer Anni-Frid Lyngstad (Frida). It was released as the lead single from her second English-language solo album Shine.

## Song history

The song was recorded at the Studio de la Grande Armée, Paris during the last week of March 1984. Prior to the recording of the song, the majority of the songs already recorded for the album were sent to executive producer and ABBA manager Stig Anderson who disapproved of the state of the album and therefore suggested that Shine, written by Kevin Jarvis, Guy Fletcher and Jeremy Bird, be rearranged and recorded for the album. In the additional recording sessions, an unreleased demo version was recorded, followed by an extended version, released on the 12” single pressings, as well as Chemistry Tonight, a song written during the recording sessions by Peter Glenister, Simon Climie and Kirsty MacColl. Stig Anderson was still not happy with the three songs recorded, and sent them off on a cassette tape to Atlantic Records. Shine and Chemistry Tonight were completed after the initial recordings, where a shorter mix based on the extended version of Shine was recorded and then included on the album Shine.

## Music video

A music video was recorded in London, directed by Stuart Orme alongside Twist In The Dark for the release of the two singles. It took three days to record Shine.

## Release and reception

The single was first released in Europe on 31 August 1984 and on 10 September in the UK. A 12" single containing the extended mix was released on 17 September, with a white sleeve with a picture of Frida with a neon green and pink colour scheme. Both pressings included a non-album track, "That's Tough", co-written by Frida.
The singles were promoted largely in the countries where the previous album and singles had had most success. Due to the lack of success of her previous work in the UK, there was little promotion done there, resulting in a low placement on the UK Charts (#82). The Daily Mirror reviewed the song as “The best solo single yet from ABBA’s Frida although it will probably take you a couple of plays to appreciate it”.
Despite the success of Something's Going On in the American market, Atlantic Records did not release the album Shine or its singles in the US.
The song performed modestly in the charts in Europe and there were mixed reviews of the single.

## Track listings

7-inch vinyl
* A: Shine (Single Edit) - 3:39
* B: That's Tough - 4:59
12-inch vinyl
* A: Shine (Extended Mix) - 6:27
* B: That's Tough - 4:59

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 9 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 23 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 19 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 6 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 82 |
| West Germany (GfK) | 51 |
# Billy Root (cricketer)

William Thomas Root (born 5 August 1992) is an English cricketer who plays for Glamorgan. Primarily a left-handed batsman, he also bowls right-arm off break. He is the brother of former England Test Captain Joe Root.

## Early life

Root is the youngest son of Helen and Matt Root and grew up in Dore, Sheffield. He is the younger brother of Yorkshire and former England Test captain Joe Root. He attended King Ecgbert School in Sheffield and Worksop College as a weekly boarder.
Root and his brother played under-11s cricket for Rotherham Town CC and then, like their father, joined Sheffield Collegiate CC in Abbeydale Park, Sheffield. Former Yorkshire batsman and England captain Michael Vaughan also learnt his trade at Collegiate and was a source of inspiration for both Root brothers. Both brothers support Sheffield United F.C.

## Cricket career

Root made his List A debut for Nottinghamshire in the 2017 Royal London One-Day Cup on 27 April 2017. He once appeared as a substitute fielder for the England cricket team. Opportunities at Nottinghamshire were limited for Root, however he did top the club averages in T20 cricket in the 2017 season, as well as making a crucial century in the final Championship game of the season at Hove, coming in at 55–4 to help force a vital draw.

### Glamorgan

At the end of the 2018 season Root left Nottinghamshire to join Glamorgan on a two-year contract. Root made his County Championship debut for Glamorgan against Northamptonshire in April 2019, scoring 126 in the first innings. In May 2019, Root was suspended from bowling by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) due to a suspect action. On August 23, 2019, Root was cleared to bowl again. In June 2019, Root scored his maiden first-class double hundred in a championship game against Northants, posting 229 in the first innings. Root ended his first season at Glamorgan with 768 runs in the County Championship and 386 runs at an average of 64.33 in the Royal London One Day Cup, making him the club's highest scorer in the competition.
During the shortened 2020 season, Root completed a fifth first-class century, making 118 against Worcestershire.
The 2021 season began with Root facing elder brother Joe in a first-class game for the first time ever as Glamorgan opened their season away to Yorkshire. Fittingly, in the second innings, Root pushed a ball from his brother into the leg side for two to reach his 6th first-class hundred.
Root signed a new one-year contract with Glamorgan in December 2024.
# Eli Metcalfe Bruce

Eli Metcalfe Bruce (February 22, 1828 – December 15, 1866) was a philanthropist and a Representative from Kentucky in the First and Second Confederate Congresses. He was the principal financier of the Confederate government of Kentucky during the Civil War.

## Early life

Eli Metcalfe Bruce was born near Flemingsburg, Kentucky, the son George S. and Sabina Metcalfe Bruce. He was educated at the local schools until 1847 when he began working at a dry goods store in Maysville, Kentucky. Shortly thereafter, he relocated to Northern Kentucky, where he worked at a pork packing factory owned by his uncle in Cincinnati, Ohio.
In 1853, Bruce married Elizabeth Sally Withers, and the couple had three children. The following year, he and his uncle opened an iron furnace business near Terre Haute, Indiana. In 1859, he sold his interest in the iron furnace company and purchased several pork packing plants along the Mississippi, Missouri, and Wabash Rivers. These entrepreneurial endeavors left Bruce a wealthy young man.

## Civil War

Near the outbreak of the Civil War, Bruce sold all of his enterprises in the north and moved to the south. A Confederate sympathizer, Bruce attended a secession convention in Russellville, Kentucky, in November 1861, and was elected to the legislative council of the Commonwealth's Confederate shadow government. When Kentucky was admitted to the Confederacy in December 1861, Bruce was elected to one of the Commonwealth's ten congressional seats.
He personally financed many of the supply needs of Kentucky's Orphan Brigade. His work in negotiating prisoner exchanges for this unit led to his being asked to negotiate such exchanges for the entire Confederate States Army.
Near the end of the war, Bruce and Jefferson Davis fled the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. He was later captured in Georgia, but with the end of the war, he was released and established an office in Augusta, Georgia, with the intent of helping Confederate soldiers return home. On May 10, 1865, he published an open letter offering to pay the educational expenses of any Confederate soldier who had lost an arm or leg in the war. All told, it was estimated that Bruce contributed $400,000 for the relief of Confederate soldiers. He was pardoned of any wrongdoing with regards to his support of the Southern cause by President Andrew Johnson.

## Later life and death

Bruce financed the merger of two Louisville, Kentucky, newspapers – The Courier and The Journal – into The Courier-Journal. He later moved to New York City, New York, where he became a cotton broker and opened a hotel for the use of former Confederate soldiers. He continued to augment his fortune through wise investments, and shortly after the war, an abandoned South Carolina gold mine in which he had invested struck a new vein.
Bruce died of heart disease on December 15, 1866, and was buried in Linden Grove Cemetery in Covington, Kentucky. In 1917, his body was exhumed and reburied near his wife and daughter in Highland Cemetery in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky. The Northern Kentucky chapter of Sons of Confederate Veterans is named in his honor.
# Luca Sowinski

Luca Sowinski (born June 5, 2004) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder.

## Club career

Born in Carlsbad, California, Sowinski began his career with local youth club City SC Carlsbad before joining the Arizona-based Barca Residency Academy in 2019 at the age of 15. Sowinski rose through the competitive ranks and topped off his Barca Residency Academy career in June 2022 with a club-leading 15 goals and five assists in 20 appearances as he helped Barca's U-19 side to its second consecutive MLS Next Southwest Division Championship and playoff berth.
On July 14, 2022, despite accepting an offer to play college soccer with the Denver Pioneers, Sowinski signed a professional contract with USL Championship club FC Tulsa, becoming the youngest ever player in club history.
He made his professional debut for FC Tulsa against Detroit City on September 24, 2022, starting and playing 63 minutes in the 2–2 draw. A week later in his second professional appearance, on October 1, 2022, Sowinski scored his first professional hat-trick in a 4–2 victory against Indy Eleven.
On May 10, 2023, Sowinski joined USL League One side Charlotte Independence on loan for the remainder of the 2023 season.
He left Tulsa following their 2024 season.

## Career statistics

    As of match played October 20, 2022
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| FC Tulsa | 2022 | USL Championship | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 3 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
# National Union Front (Iraq)

The National Union Front (Arabic: جبهة الاتحاد الوطني, romanized: Jabhat al-Ittihad al-Watani) was an Iraqi nationalist political alliance formed in 1954 and re-established in 1956 as a coalition of the Ba'ath Party, the Iraqi Communist Party, the Iraqi Independence Party, the National Democratic Party and later the Kurdistan Democratic Party. The alliance supported various Arab nationalist and liberation movements around the world, supporting the governments in Egypt and Syria and supporting the Algerian liberation movement. The alliance splintered and dissolved in the aftermath of the 1958 revolution led by Abd al-Karim Qasim after division across between Arab nationalists and Iraqi communists.
# Valentina Belotti

Valentina Belotti (born 4 April 1980) is an Italian female mountain runner, world champion at the 2009 World Mountain Running Championships.

## Biography

At individual senior level she won 4 medals (1 gold and 3 silver) at the World Mountain Running Championships and 3 (all silver) at the European Mountain Running Championships. She also competed at three editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships at senior level (2002, 2004, 2007). She won also six senior national championships.

## National titles

* Italian Mountain Running Championships
** Mountain running: 2010, 2016 (2)
* Italian Vertical Kilometer Championships
** Vertical kilometer: 2013, 2016, 2017 (3)
# Michael Allaby

John Michael Allaby is an Aventis Junior prize-winning author. He was born on 18 September 1933 in Belper, Derbyshire in England.
He was a police cadet from 1949 to 1951. After that he served in the RAF from 1951 to 1954, becoming a pilot. After leaving the RAF, he worked as an actor from 1954 to 1964, including the Doctor Who serial The Keys of Marinus in which he appeared as an Ice soldier and Larn. He married Marthe McGregor on 3 January 1957.
From 1964 to 1972, he a worked as an editor for the Soil Association in Suffolk, England, editing Span magazine from 1967 to 1972. He was a member of the board of directors for Ecosystems Ltd. in Wadebridge, Cornwall, England and was an associate editor of Ecologist from 1970 to 1972. He became a managing editor in 1972. In 1973, he became a freelance writer.
He has written widely about science, particularly about ecology and weather. He edits and writes dictionaries and encyclopaedias for Macmillan Publishers and Oxford University Press. He co-authored James Lovelock's first two books: The Greening of Mars (1984, Warner Books, ISBN 0-446-32967-3) and Great Extinction (1983, Doubleday, ISBN 0-385-18011-X). His book, The Food Chain (André Deutsch, ISBN 0-233-97681-7) was runner-up for the Times Educational Supplement Information Book Award in 1984. The New York Public Library chose Dangerous Weather: Hurricanes as one of its books for the teenage in 1998. He won the Aventis Junior Prize for Science Books in 2001 for How the Weather Works. He is a member of the Society for the History of Natural History, the Planetary Society, the Society of Authors, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the Association of British Science Writers.
# Memorial Armando Picchi

The Memorial Armando Picchi was a summer association football friendly tournament that took place in Livorno, Italy, from 1971 to 1999. The tournament was organized in 1971 by the Italian Football Federation and the Lega Nazionale Professionisti in memory of Armando Picchi and was named Trofeo Nazionale di Lega Armando Picchi.
The trophy was designed by Alberto Lievore, working with Alvaro Marchini, and Italo Allodi to commemorate Armando Picchi, F.C. Internazionale Milano historical captain of the sixties, who died in May 1971. Competition in the initial plans was to take place annually in the month of June, with the participation of fixed (according to the rules of the time) the first two Cup finalists Italy and the top two teams in Serie A, but problems of overlapping dates it to the only organization limited the inaugural edition. First edition was played at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. Other editions played at Stadio di Ardenza in Livorno, which changed name into Stadio Armando Picchi in 1990.
In 1971 the tournament was contested by 4 teams, with semifinals, third place match and final. In 1999 the teams played 3 round-robin 90-minute matches. If any match ended in a draw, it was decided by penalties.

## Finals

| Year | Champion | Result | Runners-Up | Third place | Fourth place |
| 1971 | A.S. Roma | 1–0 | F.C. Internazionale Milano | Juventus FC | Cagliari Calcio |
| 1972–1987 | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. |
| 1988 | FC Dynamo Kyiv | 6–1 | Bologna F.C. 1909 | - | - |
| 1989 | A.C. Milan | 0–0 (4–1 pen) | Nacional Montevideo | - | - |
| 1990–1994 | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. |
| 1995 | F.C. Internazionale Milano | 0–0 (4–2 pen) | PSV Eindhoven | - | - |
| 1996–1998 | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. | Not played. |
| 1999 | Livorno Calcio | * | F.C. Internazionale Milano | F.C. Esperia Viareggio | - |