OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fred Pearce

Fred Pearce (born 30 December 1951) is an English science writer and public speaker based in London. He reports on the environment, popular science and development issues. He specialises in global environmental issues, including water and climate change.

## Biography

Pearce is currently the environment consultant of New Scientist magazine and a regular contributor to the British newspapers Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Independent, and Times Higher Education. He has also written for several US publications including Audubon, Foreign Policy, Popular Science, Seed, and Time.
Pearce has written books on environmental issues and development issues. He has also written reports and extended journalism for WWF, the UN Environment Programme, the Red Cross, UNESCO, the World Bank, the European Environment Agency, and the UK Environment Agency. He is a trustee of the Integrated Water Resources International.

## Writings

* Pearce, Fred (9 November 1989). Turning up the heat: our perilous future in the global greenhouse. London, United Kingdom: Paladin Books. ISBN 978-058608915-6. Paperback.
* Pearce, Fred; Gribbin, John (1 April 2002). Global warming. London, United Kingdom: DK. ISBN 978-078948419-2. Paperback.
* Deep Jungle. Eden Project Books. 2006. ISBN 9781903919569.
* When the Rivers Run Dry. Eden Project Books. 2007. ISBN 9781903919583.
* Earth: Then and Now. Mitchell Beazley. 2007. ISBN 9781845332464.
* The Last Generation. Eden Project Books. 2007. ISBN 9781903919880.
* With Speed and Violence: Why scientists fear tipping points in climate change. Beacon Press. 2007. ISBN 9780807085769.
* Climate tipping points loom large
* Confessions of an Eco Sinner. Eden Project Books. 2008. ISBN 9781905811106.
* The Coming Population Crash: and Our Planet's Surprising Future , Beacon Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8070-8583-7
* The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth About Global Warming, Guardian Books, 2010. ISBN 978-0-85265-229-9
* Written in Water: Messages of Hope for Earth's Most Precious Resource (contributing essayist), National Geographic Society, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4262-0572-9
* Peoplequake. Eden Project Books. 2011. ISBN 9781905811397.
* The Land Grabbers: The New Fight over Who Owns the Earth, Beacon Press, 2012 ISBN 978-0-8070-0324-4
* The New Wild: Why invasive species will be nature's salvation. Icon Books Ltd. 2016. ISBN 9781785780516.
* Fallout: Disasters, Lies, and the Legacy of the Nuclear Age. Beacon Press. 2018. ISBN 9780807092491.
# Mamaku, New Zealand

Mamaku is a small village in the Bay of Plenty Region of the North Island of New Zealand. It lies on the Mamaku Plateau at an elevation of 560 metres (1,840 ft) above sea level. Situated at the highest point of the now-mothballed Rotorua Branch railway line, the town is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of State Highway 5.

## History

Mamaku was originally called Kaponga, but the name was changed to Mamaku in 1890 to avoid confusion with the town of Kaponga in Taranaki. Ironically, the plant known as Mamaku, the Black tree fern, is not found in the area. European settlement commenced in the 1880s, and for a time Mamaku rivalled Rotorua for size.
The main industry in Mamaku was originally native timber logging. In the late 19th century and early 20th century Mamaku had, at one time, 5 timber mills, all logging native timber from the surrounding bush. This reduced over time and today there are no timber mills operating in the village, with the last mill ceasing operations on 31 March 2015.
Another major industry established in Mamaku was farming, primarily dairy and sheep. This continues today as perhaps the main source of income for the village. Some recent additions to local industry include blueberry winemaking and off-road biking.

## Demographics

Mamaku is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement, and covers 2.67 km$^2$ (1.03 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 890 as of June 2024, with a population density of 333 people per km$^2$. Mamaku is part of the larger Ngongotahā Valley statistical area.
Mamaku had a population of 840 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 153 people (22.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 114 people (15.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 267 households, comprising 399 males and 435 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.92 males per female, with 234 people (27.9%) aged under 15 years, 135 (16.1%) aged 15 to 29, 387 (46.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 81 (9.6%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 79.3% European/Pākehā, 36.8% Māori, 2.9% Pacific peoples, 2.9% Asian, and 1.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 62.9% had no religion, 23.9% were Christian, 1.1% had Māori religious beliefs and 2.1% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 45 (7.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 162 (26.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 33 people (5.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 285 (47.0%) people were employed full-time, 81 (13.4%) were part-time, and 45 (7.4%) were unemployed.

## Education

Mamaku School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of 100 as of August 2024.
The school opened in the village in 1895.
# Razadarit Ayedawbon

Razadarit Ayedawbon (Burmese: ရာဇာဓိရာဇ် အရေးတော်ပုံ) is a Burmese chronicle covering the history of Ramanya from 1287 to 1421. The chronicle consists of accounts of court intrigues, rebellions, diplomatic missions, wars etc. About half of the chronicle is devoted to the reign of King Razadarit (r. 1384–1421), detailing the great king's struggles in the Forty Years' War against King Minkhaung I and Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa of Ava.
It is the Burmese translation of the first half of the Hanthawaddy Chronicle from Mon by Binnya Dala, an ethnic Mon minister and general of Toungoo Dynasty. It is likely the earliest extant text regarding the history of the Mon people in Lower Burma, probably the only surviving portion of the original Mon language chronicle, which was destroyed in 1565 when a rebellion burned down Pegu (Bago).
Four oldest palm-leaf manuscript copies, conjecturally dated to the mid 18th century, of the original Binnya Dala translation have survived. In all, nine slightly different versions of the chronicle existed according to a 1968 analysis by Nai Pan Hla. Pan Hla re-translated one of the versions back to Mon in 1958. He also wrote a new (tenth) version in 1968, synthesizing the Burmese versions of Razadarit, the version of Pak Lat Chronicles, and the accounts in Hmannan as well as modern research.
# Véronique Mang

Véronique Ngo Mang (born December 15, 1984) is a track and field sprint athlete, competing internationally for France.

## Biography

She arrived in France with her mother, brother and sister in 1995. She represented Cameroon until 2003 when she gained French citizenship. She started running at age 12 in France. She suffered a strained leg muscle in 2000 and a knee injury in 2001.
She won the bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, Greece.
She competed at the 2005 Mediterranean Games in the 100 metres which was held at Almería. She went on to win gold, 0.02 ahead of compatriot Sylviane Félix. She later teamed up with Félix, Lina Jacques-Sebastien and Fabé Dia to win the 4 × 100 metres relay
She also competed at the 2005 Jeux de la Francophonie, in Niamey. She went on to claim gold in the 100 metre event, compatriot Fabienne Beret-Martinel claimed bronze. She also won gold in the 4 × 100 metres relay with Beret-Martinel, Aurelie Kamga and Carima Louami.
Mang competed at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in the 100 metres and 4 × 100 metres relay. Despite being considered a medal contender, she only managed to reach the semi-final stage in the 100 metres. In the relay, she teamed up with Fabienne Beret-Martinel, Adrianna Lamalle and Muriel Hurtis-Houairi. The French women ran an impressive heat and were the fastest qualifiers in a time of 43.38. In the final, they did not finish the race due to a failed baton exchange.
In June 2013, she ruptured a tendon, preventing her from competing for 12 months.
She retired in 2016. Her hobbies are music, dancing and collecting postcards.
# Wallis Vitis

Wallis Vitis (born 3 November 1995) is a French tennis player.
Vitis has a career high ITF combined juniors ranking of 340 achieved on 6 February 2012.
Vitis made her WTA main draw debut at the 2018 Internationaux de Strasbourg in the doubles draw partnering Joanna Tomera.
# Sandwich man

Sandwich man may refer to:

## Advertising

* The advertising practice of bumvertising
* A human billboard who wears a sandwich board

## Films

* The Sandwich Man (1966 film), a 1966 British comedy film
* The Sandwich Man (1983 film), a 1983 Taiwanese film

## People

* Sandwichman, Japanese comedy duo consisting of Mikio Date and Takeshi Tomizawa
# Château de la Madeleine

The Château de la Madeleine (French pronunciation:) is a castle located in the town of Chevreuse, in the French département of Yvelines (Île de France). In a good state of preservation, it was built on the top of a hill and dominates the town.
The name comes from the chapel of the castle, dedicated to Sainte Marie-Madeleine.

## History

The construction of the Château de la Madeleine began between 1020 and 1090, under Guy I, lord of Chevreuse. The objective was to protect the village of Chevreuse against pillage. From this period, only the keep remains. At this time, the keep was surrounded by a wooden palisade; this palisade was replaced by stone curtain walls during the 12th century.
One century later, probably under the reign of Anseau de Chevreuse, the castle was modified, notably with the construction of the machicolations. The gatehouse was protected by a moat; the water was retained by a dam for domestic use.
The castles changed hands in 1356: Ingerger le Grand, lord of Chevreuse and Amboise, was taken prisoner by England during the Hundred Years' War. He was constrained to sell his domain to pay his ransom; the castle was bought by the future Pierre de Chevreuse.
The existing fortifications were largely improved under the reigns of Charles V and Charles VI; they financed the outworks with royal taxes. The modifications were completed under Louis XI (1461 – 1483). Along with the castle, the village was also fortified: a crenelated rampart, 3.5 m (11 ft) high with turrets, was built. The defence was completed by a 15 m large ditch (50 feet).
Circa 1661, Jean Racine supervised modifications of the keep; his name was given to the road from the convent of Port-Royal to the center of the village, passing by the Château de la Madeleine. The keep was partially restored during the 19th century.
The last modifications were in the 20th century. The heart of the castle now houses the park headquarters for the regional natural park of the valley of Chevreuse (French: Parc naturel régional de la Haute Vallée de Chevreuse); the modern architecture is mixed with the square towers, and uses old rooms.

## Present state

The intact parts are:
* the complete curtain wall with two square towers in the east, facing the village;
* the main door surrounded by two towers; the stone pediment collapsed and was replaced by a wooden lintel;
* two round towers; one is semicircular, the other is surmounted by a turret for watching;
* the keep, having small openings from the 11th century on one side, and windows from the 15th century on the other front;
* a well (15th century)
* machicolations, on the top of the ramparts.
The castle is open to the public for free. A few rooms are accessible; an exhibition shows the history of the castle.
The Château de la Madeleine has been protected by the French Ministry of Culture as a monument historique since 1940.
# Émeline Gros

Emeline Gros (born 19 August 1995) is a French rugby union player who plays for FC Grenoble Amazones and the France women's national rugby union team.

## Personal life

Gros qualified as a nurse in July 2019. For the COVID-19 pandemic she worked full time in a nursing home in Isère.

## Career

Gros played for FC Grenoble Amazones from 2013 and won the Elite 2 championships in 2018 before joining Montpellier Hérault Rugby in 2020 for two seasons before returning to FC Grenoble Amazones in 2022.
She made her French debut in November 2017 against Spain, and in July 2019 she scored her country's first try against the United States. She was named in France's team for the delayed 2021 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand.
Gros was named in France's squad for the 2023 Women's Six Nations Championship.
# Grace Lore

Grace Lore MLA is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2020 British Columbia general election. She represents the electoral district of Victoria-Beacon Hill as a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party. She currently sits in Cabinet as a minister without portfolio, and was most recently Minister of Children and Family Development.

## Private life

Lore was born in Calgary, Alberta. She studied political science at the University of British Columbia. Afterwards, she attended London School of Economics for her Master's before returning to UBC for her PhD. Starting in 2018, she began working as a lecturer at the University of Victoria. Lore teaches Canadian politics, gender and politics, and research methods.

## Cabinet roles

On December 7, 2022, Lore was appointed the Minister of State for Child Care. She was then appointed as Minister of Children and Family Development on January 15, 2024.
Lore was re-elected in the 2024 British Columbia general election, defeating Sonia Furstenau, leader of the Green Party. She was re-appointed as Minister of Children and Family Development in November 2024, but temporarily stepped down for medical reasons in December 2024.

## Electoral Record

vte2024 British Columbia general election: Victoria-Beacon Hill :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Grace Lore | 13,350 | 47.34 | -7.27 |
| | Green | Sonia Furstenau | 9,441 | 33.48 | +3.55 |
| | Conservative | Tim Thielmann | 5,410 | 19.18 | new |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 28,201 | – |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | |
| Source: Elections BC |||||||
vte2020 British Columbia general election: Victoria-Beacon Hill :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | New Democratic | Grace Lore | 16,474 | 54.61 | +1.56 | $33,454.50 |
| | Green | Jenn Neilson | 9,031 | 29.93 | −0.45 | $29,344.41 |
| | Liberal | Karen Bill | 4,329 | 14.35 | −1.14 | $2,251.45 |
| | Independent | Jordan Reichert | 335 | 1.11 | +0.65 | $0.00 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 30,169 | 100.00 | – |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 244 | 0.80 | +0.42 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 30,413 | 61.46 | –2.74 |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | Registered voters | 49,484 |
| | New Democratic hold | New Democratic hold | Swing | Swing | +1.01 |
| Source: Elections BC |||||||
# Aziz Sedky

Aziz Sedky (Arabic: عزيز صدقي, IPA:; 1 July 1920 – 25 January 2008) was an Egyptian politician and engineer. Sedky served as the Prime Minister of Egypt from 16 January 1972 until 26 March 1973. He was nicknamed the "father of Egyptian industry."

## Early life and education

Aziz Sedky was born in Cairo, Egypt, on 1 July 1920. He graduated with a degree in engineering from Cairo University in 1944. He went on to earn a doctorate in economic planning from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

## Career

Sedky was appointed as a technical adviser to the Egyptian prime minister's office in 1955, a few years after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. He next served as a full-time member of the services board until 1956.
In 1956, Sedky was appointed as minister of industry by the President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Among Sedky's tasks as minister was the supervision of an industrialization program, which was financed by the Soviet Union. The Soviets were, at the time, an important ally of the Egpytian government. Sedky launched a five-year industrialization plan in 1957. This initiative was later merged into a "general five-year development plan", which lasted from 1961 until 1965. He was a member of the Arab Socialist Union from 1962 and became part of its secret unit, the Socialist Vanguard (Arabic: al-Tanzim al-Tali‘i), which was also called the Vanguard Organization, in 1963 when the unit was established.
Sedky was promoted as deputy prime minister responsible for industry and mineral resources in 1964. Simultaneously, he also became the minister of petroleum and mineral resources in 1964 as well. In November 1970, Sedky was also named as the deputy prime minister for production and trade.
Sedky was appointed prime minister on 16 January 1972, following the resignation of Mahmoud Fawzi. He remained in office until 26 March 1973 when he was replaced by Anwar Sadat in the post.

## Death

Aziz Sedky died at the age of 87 on 25 January 2008, at the Hospital Europeen Georges Pompidou in Paris, France.
# Tony Martell

Tony Martell (June 23, 1926 – November 27, 2016), also known as T.J. Martell, was an American music industry executive and philanthropist. He was the founder of the T.J. Martell Foundation, the music industry's largest foundation for leukemia, cancer, and AIDS research.

## Career

Martell's music industry career spanned four decades, from the 1960s to the 1990s. Employed primarily by CBS Records (now Sony Music Entertainment) and its subsidiaries, Martell worked with musicians who covered a wide range of musical styles including jazz, rock, soul, pop, blues, and heavy metal.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Martell helped direct the careers of The Isley Brothers, and The O'Jays. He was instrumental in bringing both Stevie Ray Vaughan and Ozzy Osbourne to Epic Records. He is credited as Executive Producer on over 50 albums for artists such as Stevie Ray Vaughan, The Isley Brothers, The O'Jays, George Benson, Gerry Mulligan, Jim Hall, Lalo Schifrin, Bill Withers, Patti Austin, George Duke, Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, Eumir Deodato, and Stanley Turrentine.
In the 1980s, Martell was head of the imprint label CBS Associated Records, which was part of the E/P/A label group (Epic/Portrait/Associate). Martell continued his work with Ozzy Osbourne at CBS Associated Records, and signed The Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer amongst others to the label.

## Philanthropy

In 1973, Martell's teenage son T.J. Martell was diagnosed with leukemia, and died in 1975 at the age of 21. Tony Martell began fundraising efforts for cancer research with a dinner in New York City featuring the music of friends Buddy Rich, Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, and Ella Fitzgerald and soon established the T.J. Martell Foundation in memory of his son.
For over forty-three years, the foundation has been one of the primary charitable organizations associated with the music industry and a leader in funding for innovative leukemia, cancer, and AIDS research (having raised over $285 million). The T.J. Martell Foundation maintains offices in New York, Los Angeles, and Nashville, and sponsors events nationally and internationally.
Martell retired from the music industry and was involved in the work of the foundation until his death. His status and long-standing relationships with artists and executives within the music community are still invaluable assets to the foundation's work.
In 1996, several country music artists recorded a charity single titled "Hope: Country Music's Quest for a Cure", whose proceeds were donated to the foundation to aid cancer research. The song featured vocals from John Berry, Terri Clark, Vince Gill, Faith Hill, Tracy Lawrence, Little Texas, Neal McCoy, Tim McGraw, Lorrie Morgan, Marty Stuart, Travis Tritt, and Trisha Yearwood. It was released via Giant Records, and it charted at number 57 on Hot Country Songs in May of that year.

## Personal life and death

Martell was married to Vicky Martell, who died on February 21, 2016. They had a daughter, Debbie Martell, and they resided in Madison, New Jersey, where he died on November 27, 2016, at the age of 90.
# Sankt Jakob in Defereggen

Sankt Jakob in Defereggen (Southern Bavarian: St. Jakoub in Dejfreggin) is a municipality in the district of Lienz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Climate

Climate data for Sankt Jakob in Defereggen: 1383m (1991−2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) | 14.3 (57.7) | 17.9 (64.2) | 22.0 (71.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 31.8 (89.2) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.7 (87.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 21.4 (70.5) | 19.6 (67.3) | 14.3 (57.7) | 31.8 (89.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.4 (29.5) | 2.3 (36.1) | 6.6 (43.9) | 10.8 (51.4) | 14.7 (58.5) | 19.2 (66.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 19.6 (67.3) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.4 (50.7) | 4.1 (39.4) | −1.5 (29.3) | 10.1 (50.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) | −4.0 (24.8) | 0.7 (33.3) | 4.8 (40.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.5 (54.5) | 14.3 (57.7) | 14.0 (57.2) | 9.9 (49.8) | 5.5 (41.9) | −0.2 (31.6) | −5.7 (21.7) | 4.5 (40.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.5 (11.3) | −11.2 (11.8) | −5.4 (22.3) | −1.6 (29.1) | 2.4 (36.3) | 5.8 (42.4) | 7.3 (45.1) | 7.2 (45.0) | 3.8 (38.8) | −0.1 (31.8) | −4.8 (23.4) | −10.0 (14.0) | −1.5 (29.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.1 (−13.2) | −25.0 (−13.0) | −25.6 (−14.1) | −14.5 (5.9) | −6.8 (19.8) | −2.8 (27.0) | −1.3 (29.7) | −2.0 (28.4) | −6.3 (20.7) | −14.4 (6.1) | −19.4 (−2.9) | −27.1 (−16.8) | −27.1 (−16.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 33.7 (1.33) | 27.5 (1.08) | 41.7 (1.64) | 56.3 (2.22) | 94.0 (3.70) | 133.4 (5.25) | 149.2 (5.87) | 149.1 (5.87) | 94.7 (3.73) | 91.0 (3.58) | 82.6 (3.25) | 51.4 (2.02) | 1,004.6 (39.54) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 46.1 (18.1) | 45.0 (17.7) | 47.1 (18.5) | 26.0 (10.2) | 3.2 (1.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.0 (0.8) | 13.1 (5.2) | 46.1 (18.1) | 61.9 (24.4) | 290.5 (114.3) |
| Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics ||||||||||||||

## Personalities

* Mario Scheiber, skier
# Borough Park, Blackpool

Borough Park was a rugby league and greyhound racing stadium on Princess Street in Blackpool, Lancashire.

## Rugby league

In 1963 a new home was built for the Blackpool Borough rugby league team between Princess Street to the north and Rigby Road to the south next to a gas works. Rugby league was held at the stadium from 1963 until 1987.

## Greyhound racing

Greyhound racing arrived on 28 April 1967 with the racing being independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club). The track hosted one of the biggest independent races in the country called the Blackpool Derby and the seaside track ran every Monday, Wednesday and Friday evening with an additional fixture on Saturday evenings during summer.
The track had an 'Outside Sumner' hare system and fourteen bookmakers on course. In 1968 new American type lighting was installed at the cost of £5,000 and one year later a new totalisator was installed.
By the late 1980s race distances were 250, 593 and 765 metres on a 363 metres circumference circuit.

## Closure

The greyhound racing ended on Friday 28 November 1997 following an agreement between track directors Michael and Suzanne Boyle and the Stockport developers Penrith Limited. Many of the track's trainers switched to Westhoughton Greyhound Track. The stadium was subsequently demolished by the council to make way for a cinema complex.
# 学研プラス

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#REDIRECT Gakken