OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rap opera

A rap opera or hip hopera is a musical work in hip hop style with operatic form. The terms have been used to describe both dramatic works and concept albums, and hip hopera has also been used for works drawing more heavily on contemporary R&B than other hip hop such as rap.

## Etymology

The word hip hopera is a portmanteau of hip hop and opera. An early use of the phrase was a 1994 album of that name by Volume 10 (although not a concept album). The first dramatic production to use the term was a 2001 telefilm by MTV, titled Carmen: A Hip Hopera. The word received increased use after 2005, in describing R&B singer R. Kelly's Trapped in the Closet series.

## History

Rap opera, also known as hip-hopera, is a hybrid genre between rap and opera. Opera is a musical genre that began in the late 16th century. Hip hop is a much newer musical genre that became popular during the 1970s. Historically, both rap and opera have been used as a form of expression and storytelling. Now in popular culture, the fusion of the two genres is being used for the same purpose. Historically popular and classic pieces such as Carmen and Romeo and Juliet have been transformed into hip hop pieces.

## In popular culture

The use of hip hopera in popular culture began in 1997 when hip hop group The Fugees and Bounty Killer collaborated on a musical single titled "Hip-Hopera." In 2001, the film Carmen: A Hip Hopera, a modern rendition of Georges Bizet's 1875 opera Carmen aired on MTV. The film featured Beyoncé Knowles, as well as other rappers and modern musicians, and was renowned as "the first hip hop musical." Rome & Jewel, a 2006 Rennie Harris film is another hip hop rendition of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. In 2023, American rapper Latto and American singer Christina Aguilera released a rap opera-inspired song for the food delivery company Just Eat.
Rap opera is also being used in communities through local organizations such as the Rap Opera Project. Carlos Aguirre, the creator of the Rap Opera Project, teaches rap opera to marginalized and at risk youth in his community. The project's intention is to give voice to individuals who have otherwise felt oppressed. Aguirre, channeling his own personal experience and youth as a minority, is using musical expression as a form of therapy. In the United Kingdom, traditional opera is adopting modern hip hop beats to appeal to the modern youth. The Moon Prince: A Rap Opera, is another community-led rap opera for youth featured in Charlotte and Boston.

## Reception

There have been mixed responses to the usage of rap opera. Theater critic Steven Oxman gave his feedback on Carmen: A Hip Hopera, stating "Carmen is MTV's first 'Hip Hopera', and while that phrase may be way too cute for its own good, this reworking of Bizet's opera into a contemporary, hip-hop musical works quite well, and represents one of the more original recent efforts to create a new form from an old one."
# Mangy Hill

Mangy Hill is a summit in Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, in the United States. It is on the island of Kiska.
Mangy Hill was so named because the U.S. military needed a name to begin with the letter M in order to fit with their alphabetical naming system.
# List of inhabited locations in Vanuatu

Below is a partial list of populated places in Vanuatu.

## Populated places

* Avire
* Bunlap
* Butmas
* Endu
* Forari
* Ipikil
* Ipota
* Isangel
* Lakatoro
* Lamap
* Loltong
* Longana
* Lorevilko
* Luganville
* Lenakel
* Norsup
* Port Olry
* Port Vila - Capital
* Rovo Bay
* Sola
* Sulphur Bay
* Whitesands
# Mount Marcus Baker

Mount Marcus Baker (Ahtna: Ts'itonhna Dghilaaye’; Dena'ina: Ch'atanhtnu Dghelaya) is the highest peak of the Chugach Mountains of Alaska. It is located approximately 75 miles (121 km) east of Anchorage. This peak is very prominent because of its proximity to tidewater and is only 12 miles (19 km) north of the calving face of Harvard Glacier. Mount Marcus Baker is ranked 67th in the world when measured by topographic prominence.

## History

Mount Marcus Baker was originally called "Mount Saint Agnes"; according to Bradford Washburn, James W. Bagley of the USGS named it after his wife Agnes, adding the "Saint" in hopes of making the name stick. The name was later changed to honor a cartographer and geologist named Marcus Baker.
The peak was first climbed on June 19, 1938 by a party led by famed explorer Bradford Washburn; the climb took almost two months owing to weather delays. Today's standard route is the North Ridge. Despite being much lower in elevation than Denali, Marcus Baker is a similarly serious ascent, due to the remoteness of the peak and resulting length of the approach and climb. A number of noted climbers have perished or sustained permanent injury in attempting to summit the peak as climbing conditions can change rapidly as storms arise. In early 1988, a State of Alaska Fish and Game biologist, 28-year-old Sylvia Jean Lane, succumbed to hypothermia as a two-day storm separated her from the two others in the climbing party attempting to dash to the top in a winter ascent.

## Gallery

* Mount Marcus Baker is the highest point in the distance left of center
# 2017 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's 10,000 metres

The women's 10,000 metres event at the 2017 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Bydgoszcz, Poland, at Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium on 14 July.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the records were as follows:
| European U23 record | Yasemin Can (TUR) | 30:26.41 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 12 August 2016 |
| Championship U23 record | Layes Abdullayeva (AZE) | 32:18.05 | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 15 July 2011 |

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Yasemin Can | Turkey | 31:39.80 | CR |
| | Sarah Lahti | Sweden | 32:46.91 | |
| | Büsra Nur Koku | Turkey | 33:33.22 | |
| 4 | Phoebe Law | Great Britain | 33:40.75 | |
| 5 | Maryna Nemchenko | Ukraine | 33:44.13 | PB |
| 6 | Jenny Nesbitt | Great Britain | 33:50.37 | |
| 7 | Andreea Alina Piscu | Romania | 33:51.53 | PB |
| 8 | Philippa Bowden | Great Britain | 34:04.57 | |
| 9 | Mariann Roe | Norway | 34:13.77 | PB |
| 10 | Isabelle Brauer | Sweden | 34:14.12 | |
| 11 | Tatjana Schulte | Germany | 34:15.15 | PB |
| 12 | Valeriya Zinenko | Ukraine | 34:20.21 | PB |
| 13 | Irini-ria Mihala | Greece | 35:04.60 | PB |
| 14 | Tubay Erdal | Turkey | 35:04.87 | PB |
| 15 | Kristina Hendel | Croatia | 35:20.98 | |
| 16 | Rute Simões | Portugal | 35:25.33 | PB |
| 17 | Evelyne Dietschi | Switzerland | 35:29.24 | PB |
| 18 | Flavia Stutz | Switzerland | 35:41.54 | |
| 19 | Paula González | Spain | 35:56.04 | |
| 20 | Helena Alves | Portugal | 36:18.40 | |
| 21 | Felicia Körner | Germany | 36:23.58 | |
| 22 | Zuzana Durcová | Slovakia | 36:28.92 | PB |
| 23 | Laura Guzelj Blatnik | Slovenia | 37:22.04 | |
| 24 | Lisa Bergdahl | Sweden | 37:47.56 | |
| | Sónia Ferreira | Portugal | DNF | |
| | Rodama Lagonidou | Cyprus | DNF | |
# 2017 Estonian Presidency of the Council of the European Union

Estonia held the presidency of the Council of the European Union during the second half of 2017. The presidency was the first of three presidencies making up a presidency trio, followed by the presidency of Bulgaria and that of Austria. It was the first time Estonia had held the presidency. The motto that was chosen for the presidency was "Unity through balance".
It was originally intended for the United Kingdom to hold this presidency instead, but after the referendum in June 2016 to leave the EU, the UK government informed the European Union that it would withdraw from the presidency, so the entire rotation of presidencies was brought forward six months, being replaced by Estonia, which was next.

## Overview

The Estonian presidency had four major points on its agenda: (1) digital integration and freedom, (2) open economic innovation, (3) safety and security, and (4) sustainable inclusivity.
Politico Europe stated that the Estonian presidency was successful in bringing digital concerns to the forefront, but noted that the presidency was unable to complete all the goals that it had hoped to achieve. Politico Europe gave the presidency high marks in the areas of climate and environment, employment and social policy, and energy, while noting that it did not accomplish much in the area of health.

## Gallery

* Estonian prime minister Jüri Ratas at the opening concert of the Estonian presidency in Tallinn, 29 June 2017
# 2018 Austrian Presidency of the Council of the European Union

Austria held the presidency of the Council of the European Union during the second half of 2018. The presidency was the last of three presidencies making up a presidency trio, which began with the presidency of Estonia, followed by that of Bulgaria. It was the third time Austria had held the presidency.
The Austria presidency aimed to address three major areas: improvement through digitalization, illegal immigration, and European stabilization. The motto that was chosen for the presidency was "A Europe that protects". The presidency was also involved in negotiations dealing with the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (Brexit).

## Gallery

* Foreign ministers of EU states on the second day of an informal gathering in Vienna prior to the start of the presidency, 22 June 2018
* Austrian chancellor Sebastian Kurz hosting the European College of Commissioners in Vienna, 6 July 2018
* Kurz at the Subsidiarity Conference in Bregenz, Austria, in November
# Charles Leigh (British Army officer)

General Charles Leigh (1748 – 7 August 1815) was a British Army officer.

## Military career

Educated at Eton College, Leigh was commissioned into the 3rd Regiment of Guards on 12 March 1764. He took part in the Battle of Long Island in August 1776, the Battle of White Plains in October 1776 and the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776 during the American Revolutionary War. He went on to command the flank battalion of guards at the Siege of Valenciennes in June 1793 and the Siege of Dunkirk in August 1793 during the Flanders Campaign.
Leigh raised the 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) in September 1793. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief of Saint Kitts in 1795 and, having been promoted to full general on 25 September 1803, he became Commander-in-Chief of Martinique in September 1805. He also served as Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Wight from 1812 to 1815.
Leigh served as colonel of the 82nd (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers) Regiment of Foot from 1793 to 1797, colonel of the 20th (the East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot from 1797 to 1809 and colonel of the 3rd (the East Kent) Regiment of Foot from 1809 to 1815.
His son, Lt-Col George Leigh, married Augusta Byron, the half-sister of the poet Lord Byron.
# Battle of Chantilly order of battle: Union

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Chantilly of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is shown separately.

## Abbreviations used
### Military Rank

* MG = Major General
* BG = Brigadier General
* Col = Colonel
* Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel

### Other

* k = killed

## Army of Virginia
### III Corps, Army of the Potomac

MG Samuel P. Heintzelman
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| First Division   MG Philip Kearny (k)   BG David B. Birney | 1st Brigade   BG John C. Robinson | 20th Indiana 63rd Pennsylvania 105th Pennsylvania |
| First Division   MG Philip Kearny (k)   BG David B. Birney | 2nd Brigade   BG David B. Birney | 3rd Maine 4th Maine 1st New York 38th New York 40th New York 101st New York 57th Pennsylvania |
| First Division   MG Philip Kearny (k)   BG David B. Birney | 3rd Brigade   Col Orlando M. Poe | 2nd Michigan 3rd Michigan 5th Michigan 37th New York 99th Pennsylvania |
| First Division   MG Philip Kearny (k)   BG David B. Birney | Artillery | 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E 1st United States, Battery K |

### IX Corps, Army of the Potomac

MG Jesse L. Reno
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| First Division   BG Isaac Stevens (k)   Col Benjamin C. Christ | 1st Brigade   Col Benjamin C. Christ | 8th Michigan 50th Pennsylvania |
| First Division   BG Isaac Stevens (k)   Col Benjamin C. Christ | 2nd Brigade   Col Daniel Leasure | 46th New York (5 companies) 100th Pennsylvania |
| First Division   BG Isaac Stevens (k)   Col Benjamin C. Christ | 3rd Brigade   Ltc David Morrison | 28th Massachusetts 79th New York |
| Second Division   MG Jesse L. Reno | 1st Brigade   Col James Nagle | 2nd Maryland 48th Pennsylvania 6th New Hampshire 9th New Hampshire |
| Second Division   MG Jesse L. Reno | 2nd Brigade   Col Edward Ferrero | 21st Massachusetts 51st New York 51st Pennsylvania |
# Woolhope

Woolhope is a village and civil parish in the English county of Herefordshire. The population of the civil parish was 486 at the 2011 census. The civil parish includes the hamlet of Broadmoor Common to the west of the village (and a nature reserve of the same name), and a locale known as The Nurdens also known as Upper Woolhope to its northeast.

## Location

Woolhope is located about 7 miles east of Hereford, sat atop the 'Woolhope Dome', a region of particular geological interest; and near Haugh Wood, a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to its varied flora and fauna.
52°01′N 2°34′W﻿ / ﻿52.017°N 2.567°W﻿ / 52.017; -2.567

## Toponymy

The name of the village comes from Wulviva's Hope (Wulviva's Valley).

## History

The manor of Woolhope in Herefordshire, along with three others, was given to the cathedral at Hereford before the Norman Conquest by the benefactresses Wulviva and (Lady) Godiva, local Anglo-Saxon landowners before the Norman takeover of the region. The church has a 20th-century stained-glass window showing them.

## Amenities

The village boasts a community hall, which was rebuilt at its present site at the turn of the millennium. The hall now stands at the North end of the playing field (which includes a cricket pitch in summer and football pitch in winter). Called 'Berryfield', the playing field was originally part of the churchyard, and takes its name from 'Bury Field'. The village also has an extremely small green, a patch of tended lawn and flowerbed of no more than 400 ft$^2$.

## Recreation

Woolhope has a football team called Woolhope Allstars FC. They play at the Berryfield, which is the smallest pitch in the league.
Woolhope has a cricket team called Woolhope Cricket Club. They also play at the Berryfield.
Woolhope is also home to Woolhope Amateur Dramatics Society, or 'WADS', a popular theatre group which stages, on average, two shows per year, typically a pantomime in the winter, and an adult comedy in summer.

## Famous inhabitants

The area was a retreat of late TV writer John Sullivan, whose works included Only Fools and Horses and The Green Green Grass, and of musician Roger Whittaker, who previously inhabited one half of the Wessington Court estate house. Woolhope is currently home to Liberty Bee Miles who is a multiple (Junior) British, UK, European and World Brazilian jiu-jitsu champion.
# Catterick Bridge railway station

Catterick Bridge railway station was a railway station in North Yorkshire, England. It was built to serve the villages of Brompton-on-Swale and Catterick. The station was near the junction between the main branch line towards Richmond and a sub-branch line called Catterick Camp Military Railway to what is now Catterick Garrison.

## History

The station was once part of the Eryholme-Richmond branch line, built by the York and Newcastle Railway in 1846. Like most of the infrastructure of the line, Catterick Bridge station was built in the Tudor Style.
On 4 February 1944, an ammunition train exploded in the station whist it was being loaded by four Army Privates. In all twelve people were killed in the explosion (including the four army Privates) with 102 being injured.
The Richmond branch line closed for passenger trains in 1969 but goods trains ran to Catterick Bridge until the following year.

## Present

The station was demolished soon after the line it served was closed, although some evidence still remains. A caravan and motorhome dealer now occupy the site of the station.
# Battle of Darbytown and New Market Roads order of battle: Union

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Darbytown and New Market Roads (October 7, 1864) during the Petersburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Order of battle is compiled from the official tabulation of casualties and includes only units which sustained casualties.

## Military Rank Abbreviations Used

* MG = Major General
* BG = Brigadier General
* Col = Colonel
* Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
* Maj = Major
* Cpt = Captain

### Other

* w = wounded
* mw = mortally wounded
* k = killed
* c = captured

## Army of the James
### X Corps

MG David B. Birney
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
| First Division  MG Alfred H. Terry | First Brigade  Col Francis B. Pond | 39th Illinois 62nd Ohio 67th Ohio 85th Pennsylvania |
| First Division  MG Alfred H. Terry | Second Brigade  Col Joseph C. Abbott | 6th Connecticut 7th Connecticut 3rd New Hampshire 7th New Hampshire 16th New York Heavy Artillery (7 Companies) |
| First Division  MG Alfred H. Terry | Third Brigade  Col Harris M. Plaisted | 10th Connecticut 11th Maine 24th Massachusetts 100th New York |
| First Division  MG Alfred H. Terry | Artillery Brigade  Ltc Richard H. Jackson | New Jersey Light, 5th Battery 3rd Rhode Island Light, Battery C 1st U.S., Batteries C & D 3rd U.S., Battery E 4th U.S., Battery D |
| Cavalry Division  BG August V. Kautz | First Brigade  Col Robert M. West | 3rd New York 5th Pennsylvania |
| Cavalry Division  BG August V. Kautz | Second Brigade  Col Samuel P. Spear | 1st District of Columbia Battalion 11th Pennsylvania |
| Cavalry Division  BG August V. Kautz | Artillery Brigade  Lt Dorman L. Noggle | Wisconsin Light, 4th Battery 1st U.S., Battery B |
# Thomas Johnson (American football coach)

Thomas Fairfax Johnson (March 10, 1917 – March 21, 2007), nicknamed "Lil Professor", was a Negro league baseball player and American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Howard University from 1953 to 1956.
A native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Johnson received his undergraduate degree from Springfield College in 1940, and played for the Philadelphia Stars that summer, posting a 3–4 record over 41.1 innings. After serving in the USO during World War II, Johnson became a coach at Howard in 1946, and received a graduate degree from New York University in 1947. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1967, and served as a professor of physiology at Howard from 1962 to 1978.
Johnson died in Silver Spring, Maryland in 2007 at age 90.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Howard Bison (Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1953–1956) ||||||
| 1953 | Howard | 3–5–1 | 3–5 | 8th |
| 1954 | Howard | 2–6–1 | 0–5–1 | 17th |
| 1955 | Howard | 3–6 | 2–4 | 12th |
| 1956 | Howard | 4–5 | 1–5 | 16th |
| Howard: | Howard: | 12–22–2 | 6–19–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 12–22–2 | | |
# XD

XD or xD may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Disney XD, a global television brand aimed at children
* Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness, a video game for the GameCube

## Technology

* Adobe XD, a user experience design software developed by Adobe Systems
* XD bit (or NX bit), a security-related computer technology for x86 and x64 processors
* XDCAM, a professional video disc format
* xD-Picture Card, an obsolete flash memory card format
* Extreme Digital Cinema (Cinemark XD), a premium large format by Cinemark Theatres
* User experience design (UXD, UED, or XD), process of enhancing user satisfaction with a product

## Vehicles

* Ford XD Falcon, an Australian-built family car between 1979 and 1982
* Scion xD, a subcompact hatchback sold by Toyota's youth-oriented division Scion, a.k.a. Toyota Ist (Gen.2) or Urban Cruiser.
* DOK-ING XD, a Croatian concept car made by DOK-ING
* New Flyer XD40 and XD60, model numbers for its Xcelsior transit bus family
* Defender XD (extra duty), a model of Land Rover Defender
* Hyundai Avante XD, a name for the 3rd Generation of Hyundai Elantra (XD Series) (South Korea)

## Other uses

* XD, an emoticon commonly used to symbolize extreme laughter or happiness
* Independence Party (Iceland) (xD)
* Springfield Armory XD, a line of semi-automatic pistols marketed by Springfield Armory
# Aysgarth railway station

Aysgarth railway station is a disused railway station in North Yorkshire, England, near Aysgarth Falls. It was part of the Hawes Branch of the North Eastern Railway from its opening in 1877 until closure in April 1954.
The Wensleydale Railway Association aims to rebuild the railway from Northallerton (from its current western terminus at Redmire) to Garsdale and plans to re-open the station.

## History

The station was opened by the North Eastern Railway on 1 February 1877. The line became part of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) during the Grouping of 1923.
The station was host to a camping coach from 1935 to 1939 and could possibly have had a coach in 1933 and/or 1934. The station was also one of those used by the LNER touring camping coach service in 1935.
The line passed to the North Eastern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. It was closed by the British Transport Commission in April 1954, although goods traffic continued until the Redmire to Hawes section closed to all traffic in 1964.

## Aysgarth site today

The track has been lifted through the station site. The station site has now been sold on into private hands after The Wensleydale Railway stated that it was costing too much to keep on their books. The nearest track on the line runs from Redmire eastward, providing rail access for military traffic to local training areas. The Wensleydale Railway is a heritage line which operates from Redmire to Leeming Bar and Northallerton West. As of June 2022, track at the station has been re-instated.
| Preceding station | | Disused railways | | Following station |
| Askrigg Line and station closed | | North Eastern Railway Hawes Branch | | Redmire Line closed, station open |
| | Proposed Heritage railways | Proposed Heritage railways | Proposed Heritage railways | |
| Askrigg Line and station closed | | Wensleydale Railway | | Redmire Line closed, station open |
# Cupcake (disambiguation)

Cupcake (also known as a "Fairy Cake") is a small, single-serving cake, usually frosted.
Cupcake may also refer to:

## Places

* Cupcake Peaks, a two rounded peaks, or nunataks, which rise to 1391 m 3 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of Mount Hamilton in Churchill Mountains
* Federal Prison Camp, Alderson or Camp Cupcake, a prison in the United States
* Johnson County, Kansas or Cupcake Land, a county in the central United States

## People

* Cupcake Brown, an author of memoir A Piece of Cake: A Memoir
* Cupcakke (born 1997), an American rapper

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* "Cupcake" (How I Met Your Mother), an episode of the sitcom How I Met Your Mother
* Cupcakes (band), a former power pop band from Chicago
* Cupcake Wars, a Food Network reality-based competition show
* "Cupcake", a song by Nellie McKay from the 2005 album Pretty Little Head
* Cupcake, a character from the Five Nights at Freddy's series
* Bad Cupcake, the working title for Five Nights at Freddy's
* Mr. Cupcake, a character in the animated series Adventure Time

## Computing and technology

* Android Cupcake, version 1.5 of the Android mobile operating system
* The Cupcake CNC fabber by MakerBot Industries

## Other uses

* Captain Cupcake, the second mascot for Hostess brand baked goods along with Twinkie the Kid
* Georgetown Cupcake, a cupcakery, located in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
* Rosa 'SPIcup' or Rosa Cupcake, a miniature hybrid tea rose
# Ried im Zillertal

Ried im Zillertal is a municipality in the Schwaz district in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Geography

Ried lies in the central Ziller valley on the left bank of the Ziller.