OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Embassy of the United States, Tbilisi

The Embassy of the United States in Tbilisi is the diplomatic mission of the United States of America in Georgia.

## History

The United States recognized Georgia's independence on December 25, 1991, as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, with which Georgia had been a constituent republic. Diplomatic relations between the United States and Georgia were established on March 24, 1992, under the presidency of George H. W. Bush. Shortly thereafter, the American Embassy in Tbilisi was established on April 23, 1992, with Carey Cavanaugh serving as the Chargé d’Affaires ad interim.
In 2023, the U.S. Embassy in Tbilisi faced scrutiny during the 2023 Georgian protests, which arose over a proposed "Law on Transparency of Foreign Influence." This law required NGOs to register as "agents of foreign influence" if over 20% of their funding came from abroad. Amidst these protests, some political groups, notably the People's Power movement, accused the U.S. Embassy of intervening in Georgia's domestic affairs and influencing its foreign policy, particularly in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War.
# Federal Civil Defense Administration

The Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) was organized by President Harry S. Truman on December 1, 1950, through Executive Order 10186, and became an official government agency via the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 on 12 January 1951. In 1958 the FCDA was superseded by the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization when President Dwight D. Eisenhower merged the FCDA with the Office of Defense Mobilization.
In its early years, the agency focused on evacuation as a strategy.
The FCDA was first headed by Millard Caldwell under Truman, then Val Peterson under Eisenhower.

## Background

The predecessor to the FCDA, the Office of Civilian Defense was abolished in June 1945 with the end of World War II. In the period between the end of the World War and 1949, when the Soviet Union detonated their first atomic weapon, little was given to the topic of civil defense. After the Soviets demonstration of their first atomic weapon there was a feeling of the need to do something throughout both the American public and government. This led to, among many actions, the creation of the Federal Civil Defense Administration by President Harry S. Truman in 1950.

## Administrators

| Name | Start | End | President |
| Millard Caldwell | December 1, 1950 | November 15, 1952 | Harry S. Truman (1945–1953) |
| Jerry Wadsworth Acting | November 15, 1952 | February 19, 1953 | Harry S. Truman (1945–1953) |
| Val Peterson | February 20, 1953 Acting: February 19, 1953 – March 4, 1953 | June 14, 1957 | Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961) |
| Lewis Berry Acting | June 14, 1957 | July 19, 1957 | Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961) |
| Leo Hoegh | July 19, 1957 | July 1, 1958 | Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953–1961) |
# Ernest Brudenell-Bruce, 3rd Marquess of Ailesbury

Ernest Augustus Charles Brudenell-Bruce, 3rd Marquess of Ailesbury, PC (8 January 1811 – 18 October 1886), styled Lord Ernest Brudenell-Bruce from 1821 until 1878, was a British courtier and politician. He served for many years as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household.

## Background and education

Brudenell-Bruce was born at Warren's Hotel, St James's Square, London, the second son of Charles Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Marquess of Ailesbury, by his wife Hon. Henrietta Maria Hill, daughter of Noel Hill, 1st Baron Berwick. George Brudenell-Bruce, 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury was his elder brother and Lord Charles Bruce his younger half-brother. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge.
He owned 55,000 acres in Wiltshire, Yorkshire and Berkshire.

## Political career

Brudenell-Bruce was returned to Parliament for Marlborough in 1832. He was a Lord of the Bedchamber to William IV from 1834 to 1835. In 1841 he was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household under Sir Robert Peel, a post he held until the government fell in 1846. He returned to the same office in December 1852 in Lord Aberdeen's coalition government. He continued in the post also when Lord Palmerston became prime minister in 1855, finally resigning in 1858. He remained MP for Marlborough until 1878, when he succeeded his elder brother in the marquessate and entered the House of Lords. In 1884 he was made Lord-Lieutenant of Berkshire, a post he held until his death two years later.

### Family

Lord Ailesbury married Hon. Louisa Elizabeth Horsley Beresford (1814–1891), second daughter of John Beresford, 2nd Baron Decies, on 25 November 1834. They had seven children:
* Lady Louisa Caroline Brudenell-Bruce (d. December 1894), married Sir Henry Meux, 2nd Baronet.
* Lady Ernestine Mary Brudenell-Bruce (d.27 December 1936), married William Hare, 3rd Earl of Listowel.
* George John Brudenell-Bruce (15 May 1839 – 28 May 1868), married Lady Evelyn Mary Craven, daughter of William Craven, 2nd Earl of Craven and had issue George Brudenell-Bruce, 4th Marquess of Ailesbury.
* James Ernest Brudenell-Bruce (30 June 1840 – 21 June 1876), no issue.
* Henry Augustus Brudenell-Bruce, 5th Marquess of Ailesbury (11 April 1842 – 10 March 1911).
* Commodore Lord Robert Thomas Brudenell-Bruce (25 January 1845 – 15 February 1912), married Emma Leigh and had issue.
* Major Lord Charles Frederick Brudenell-Bruce (4 March 1849 – 31 May 1936), married Margaret Renshaw, no issue.
Lord Ailesbury died at Tottenham House, Savernake, Wiltshire, in October 1886, aged 75, and was buried at Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire. His grandson George succeeded to the marquessate. The Marchioness of Ailesbury died in October 1891, aged 77, and was also buried at Great Bedwyn.
# The Critic (Victorian-era magazine)

The Critic was a magazine founded in London by John Crockford and Edward William Cox. Its full title was The Critic of Literature, Science, and the Drama, and it was edited by James Lowe during its existence from 1843 to 1863.

## History and profile

It was started as a book review section of Law Times, which reviewed the world of journals. The magazine was started as a separate publication in November 1843. In turn it gave rise to The Clerical Journal, in 1853. In 1851/2 it featured a substantial series of articles by Francis Espinasse, as "Herodotus Smith", on the quarterly journals. The magazine ended publication at the end of 1863.
# Artiscollonia granulosa

Artiscollonia granulosa is a species of small sea snail with calcareous opercula, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Colloniidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in Indo-Malaysia and Oceania.
# Aliculastrum debile

Aliculastrum debile is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Haminoeidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 11 mm.
(Original description) The shell is cylindrically ovate and elongated, tapering towards the posterior end. It is translucent, fragile, and white in color. The outer lip is extended and twisted towards the posterior. The apex is umbilicated, with a striated or grooved umbilicus that is finely marked by transverse striations. Both ends of the shell display raised transverse lines, and the columella features a distinct fold.

## Distribution

The marine species has a wide distribution and is found in the Pacific Ocean (Hawaii, Cook Islands); also off Indonesia, Maldives, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia.
# Frank B. Warner

Frank B. Warner (November 5, 1863 – February 15, 1944) was an American politician who served in the Missouri Senate and the Missouri House of Representatives. He was educated in the St. Louis area public schools. Warner did not make a floor speech in the legislature until he had surpassed 22 years of service, and then spoke for only a minute. He introduced only one bill, due to his belief that law books were already overburdened with laws.
Warner died in his home in St. Louis at the age of 79.
# Pasaquina

Pasaquina is a municipality in the La Unión department of El Salvador.

## History

During the pre-Columbian times the territory was inhabited by Mayan groups called the Uluas. Under the Spanish colonial era, Pasaquina was joined as a part of San Alejo in 1786.
For the nineteenth century, the region was incorporated into the Department of San Miguel in 1824 and annexed to the Union in 1865. They earned the title of "town" in 1872, and the title of "city" in 1920. On September 8 2024, a helicopter crashed in the municipality. All 9 people on board were killed

## Overview

The municipality covers an area of 295,28 km ² and has a header altitude of 60 meters. The Mayan topónimo Pasaquina Ulua would meanings of "City of white beans" or "Path of bitterness".
The festivities are celebrated in the month of January in honor of San Sebastian Martyr. Pasaquina has a high level of emigration, mainly to the United States.

## Sports

The local professional football club is named C.D. Pasaquina and it currently plays in the Primera División.
# Masayoshi (restaurant)

Masayoshi is a Japanese restaurant in Vancouver, British Columbia. The restaurant has received a Michelin star.
# Babylon 5 Roleplaying Game

The Babylon 5 Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game published by Mongoose Publishing in 2003.

## Description

The Babylon 5 Roleplaying Game is based on the Babylon 5 TV series. The game's mechanic is the d20 System published by Wizards of the Coast with character classes and races specific to the setting. Characters have a low number of hit points meaning that they can die very easily, in keeping with the show.

## Publication history

The Babylon 5 Roleplaying Game was published by Mongoose Publishing in 2003. A second edition of the core rules was published in 2006 using the WotC Open Game License. In 2008 Mongoose published Universe of Babylon 5, a set of rules allowing the game to use Mongoose's edition of Traveller as its RPG engine instead of the d20 System.

## Reception

Babylon 5 won the 2004 Silver Ennie Award for "Best Licensed Product".
# Jangseungbaegi station

Jangseungbaegi Station (Korean: 장승배기역) is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 7.
The station's relatively long name is taken from that of the neighborhood of the same name. The neighborhood's name, in turn, is derived from an abundance of Korean village guardians (jangseung), erected in the 18th century by King Jeongjo of the Joseon Dynasty.

## Station layout

* Sangdo ↑
* | N/B
* ↓ Sindaebangsamgeori
| Southbound | ← ● Line 7 toward Seongnam |
| Northbound | → ● Line 7 toward Jangam → |
| Preceding station | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Seoul Metropolitan Subway | Following station |
| Sangdotowards Jangam | | Line 7 | | Sindaebangsamgeoritowards Seongnam |
vteSeoul Metropolitan Subway :
37°30′17″N 126°56′21″E﻿ / ﻿37.50472°N 126.93917°E﻿ / 37.50472; 126.93917
# William B. Alexander

William Brooks Alexander Jr. (December 23, 1921 - January 19, 2006) was an American attorney, farmer, and politician. He was a member of the Mississippi State Senate from 1960 to 1984, and its president pro tempore from 1976 to 1984.

## Biography

William Brooks Alexander was born on December 23, 1921, in Boyle, Mississippi. He was the son of lawyer and state senator William Brooks Alexander Sr. and Vivien B. Alexander. He attended schools in Boyle for 12 years. He also became an Eagle Scout. He graduated from the University of Mississippi Law School in 1948. He was first elected to the Mississippi State Senate in 1960 after the death of his father, who had been the incumbent. In 1966, while still a state senator, he was a candidate for Congress. In 1976, he became the senate's president pro tempore, and held that position until his last Senate term ended in 1984. He died on January 19, 2006.
# John Hogan (mathematician)

S. John Hogan is a professor of Applied Mathematics and leader of the "Applied Nonlinear Mathematics Group" in the Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol. He is known for his work in numerous applications of non-linear dynamics including water waves liquid crystals.
Hogan is principal investigator on several large EPSRC grants, in 2008 totalling around £6M – an unusually high total for a UK mathematician. These include the "Bristol Centre for Complexity Sciences", the "Bristol Centre for Applied Nonlinear Mathematics", "Applied Nonlinear Mathematics: Making it Real".

## Recent publications

* Homer, M. E.; Hogan, S. J. (1 February 2007). "IMPACT DYNAMICS OF LARGE DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos. 17 (02): 561–573. doi:10.1142/S0218127407017422. hdl:1983/309. ISSN 0218-1274.
* Kyrychko, Y.N; Blyuss, K.B; Gonzalez-Buelga, A; Hogan, S.J; Wagg, D.J (8 April 2006). "Real-time dynamic substructuring in a coupled oscillator–pendulum system". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 462 (2068): 1271–1294. doi:10.1098/rspa.2005.1624. hdl:1983/539. ISSN 1364-5021.
* Kowalczyk, P.; Di Bernardo, M.; Champneys, A. R.; Hogan, S. J.; Homer, M.; Piiroinen, P. T.; Kuznetsov, Yu. A.; Nordmark, A. (1 March 2006). "TWO-PARAMETER DISCONTINUITY-INDUCED BIFURCATIONS OF LIMIT CYCLES: CLASSIFICATION AND OPEN PROBLEMS". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos. 16 (03): 601–629. doi:10.1142/S0218127406015015. ISSN 0218-1274.
* Szalai, Róbert; Stépán, Gábor; Hogan, S. John (1 December 2004). "Global dynamics of low immersion high-speed milling". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science. 14 (4): 1069–1077. doi:10.1063/1.1807395. hdl:1983/437. ISSN 1054-1500.
# Sawbwa barb

The sawbwa barb (Sawbwa resplendens), also known as the Burmese rammy nose, Asian rummynose or rummynose rasbora, is an endangered species of cyprinid fish in the monotypic genus Sawbwa. The species is endemic to Inle Lake in Myanmar (Burma). It grows to a maximum total length of 3.5 cm (1.4 in). Mature males are iridescent silvery-blue with red snout and red lobes to the tail fin; females are duller without red and with a dark pigmentation spot by the anus. The sawbwa barb completely lacks scales.
# Schutzmannschaft Battalion 33

Schutzmannschaft Battalion 33 was one of the twenty-three battalions of the Estonian Auxiliary Police that subordinated to the German Ordnungspolizei (Order Police) during World War II and part of the Schutzmannschaft. It was trained to be capable of being paramilitary police for bandenbekämpfung, combat operations, counterinsurgency, crowd control, internal security, rear security (rearguard), and support military operation.
It was formed in Tartu and Viljandi during the winter 1941–1942. The battalion had a brass band, but it was sent to Battalion 36 in 1942. In January 1942, the battalion was transported to the Leningrad front without training. In spring 1942, the battalion was reinforced with 200 men.
In December 1942, the battalion returned to Estonia and it was given holidays in Pärnu. Afterward, the battalion was taken to Tartu, where it was disbanded. Volunteers went to the Estonian Legion, other men were sent to Police Battalions 32, 35 or 287. At the same time a new battalion was formed with the same number. It consisted men from Selbstschutz (self-protection) companies of Valga, Antsla, Võru, and Petseri. The battalion was divided into three companies:
   * Company 1 in Valga.
   * Company 2 in Võru.
   * Company 3 in Petseri.
Battalion's size was now 381 men. It was used as a guard under the German Army's 11th Infantry Division. Despite that battalion's role was only rearguard, it was installed in January 1944 to the positions near Mehikoorma ashore of Lake Peipus. In June 1944, the battalion was taken to rear and disbanded, the men were sent to battalions 37, 38 and 40.
# Scaphognathops

Scaphognathops is a genus of cyprinid fishes found in Southeast Asia. Thai vernacular names are pla pak pian (Thai: ปลาปากเปี่ยน), pla pian (ปลาเปี่ยน) or pla ta dam (ปลาตาดำ). It is restricted to Mekong Basin, and not easy to find.
This genus was named by H. M. Smith, an American ichthyologist who lived and worked in Siam (now Thailand). He first intended to name the group Scaphognatus, but this name was already used for a group of prehistoric winged reptiles.

## Species

There are currently three species in this genus:
* Scaphognathops bandanensis Boonyaratpalin & Srirungroj, 1971
* Scaphognathops stejnegeri (H. M. Smith, 1931)
* Scaphognathops theunensis Kottelat, 1998
# Magdalena Stefanowicz

Magdalena Stefanowicz (born 21 September 2000) is a Polish sprinter specialising in the 100 metres. She earned two major medals as part of Poland's women's 4 × 100 m relays, including silver at the 2021 World Athletics Relays.
Stefanowicz was the 100 m silver medallist at the 2017 World Under-18 Championships.
Her personal best in the 60 m is 7.26 seconds (Toruń 2023) and in the 100 m is 11.35 seconds (+0.7 m/s, Copenhagen 2022).
# Natalia Pavlova

Natalia Yevgenievna Pavlova (Russian: Наталья Евгеньевна Павлова, née Dongauzer, Донгаузер) is a Russian pair skating coach and former competitor for the Soviet Union.

## Personal life

Natalia Yevgenievna Dongauzer (later Pavlova) was born on 8 January 1956 in Leningrad. She is the widow of a basketball player. Their daughter, Anastasia Pavlova, was born on 30 January 1982 and also works as a skating coach.

## Career

Pavlova competed in pair skating with Vasili Blagov. They were both over 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) tall. The pair won the silver medal at the 1973 Prize of Moscow News.
After retiring from competition, Pavlova turned to coaching. She was based in Saint Petersburg until September 2006, when she moved to Moscow to coach at Blue Bird FSC. In 2015, she decided to return to Saint Petersburg.
Her students include:
* Evgenia Chernyshova / Dmitri Sukhanov (1989 World Junior champions).
* Marina Eltsova / Andrei Bushkov (1996 World champions). The pair joined her in 1995.
* Oksana Kazakova / Dmitri Sukhanov (Kazakova would later become the 1998 Olympic champion)
* Tatiana Totmianina / Maxim Marinin (coached from 1996 to 2001, would later become 2006 Olympic champions)
* Tatiana Kokoreva / Egor Golovkin (2005 World Junior bronze medalists)
* Arina Ushakova / Sergei Karev (coached during 2007–08; 2008 Russian national bronze medalists)
* Lubov Iliushechkina / Nodari Maisuradze (2009 World Junior champions), coached pair until the end of their partnership in March 2012.
* Anastasia Martiusheva / Alexei Rogonov (2009 World Junior silver medalists)

## Awards

* Master of Sports of the USSR
* Honored Coach of Russia
# Ellen Barron

Ellen Barron (1875 – 8 July 1951) was a nurse in Queensland, Australia. She was a matron and leader in the Queensland nursing profession.

## Life

Barron was born in Berkshire, England, was educated at Oxford and Queensland, and trained at the Brisbane General Hospital from 1896 to 1899 and worked as staff nurse there from 1899 to 1901. She was head nurse at the Maryborough General Hospital from 1902 to 1904.
Barron enlisted in the Australian Army Nursing Service in World War I. She was stationed at Lemnos during the landing at Gallipoli, and she also served in Egypt and France. She returned to Australia in early 1917, suffering from pulmonary fibrosis.
On her return from active service, she was appointed to the Valley Centre of the Maternal and Child Welfare Services, and in 1922 she was sent to New Zealand for six months to study child welfare under Sir Truby King. In 1923 Barron opened the first training school in child welfare nursing in Brisbane. She took over the position of supervisor and organizer of the Queensland Government Baby Clinics from Florence Chatfield who had been the first appointee in 1918. Doris Bardsley who was to be the President of the Australasian Trained Nurses' Association was one of the women on this course at Diamantina Hospital.
In 1928 Barron was appointed superintendent of nurses, Maternal and Child Welfare Service. She retired in 1939.
She was associated with the Australasian Trained Nurses' Association Rest Home from its inception in 1924, and for some years was honorary secretary and a trustee.
Barron received the Jubilee Medal in 1935 and the Coronation Medal in 1937.
Barron was still a colleague of Florence Chatfield from the 1920s and they lived together for part of their retirement. Chatfield died in 1949 and Barron died in the War Veterans' Home at Caboolture on 8 July 1951 and was cremated.
# Rustem Ymeri

Rustem Ymeri was an Albanian politician and mayor of Elbasan from 1929 through 1930.
# Nikos Diplaros

Nikolaos "Nikos" Diplaros (Greek: Νικόλαος "Νίκος" Δίπλαρος; born June 28, 1997) is a Greek professional basketball player and the team captain for Karditsa of the Greek Basketball League (GBL). He is a 1.90 m (6 ft 23⁄4 in) tall combo guard.

## Professional career

Diplaros spent the 2014–15 season with the Greek club Esperos Patras, playing in the amateur level 4th tier division of Greek basketball, the Greek C League. In 2015, he signed a 5-year contract with the Greek 1st Division club AEK. However, he was then released by AEK, before he played any games with them, after he told the press that he wanted to play for an even bigger club than AEK Athens in the future.
A few days after, Aris Thessaloniki approached the player and signed him to a 3-year contract. He then began his professional career with Aris in 2015. In September 2016, Aris loaned him to the Greek 2nd Division club Machites Doxas Pefkon.
He joined the Greek club Panionios in 2017. On September 3, 2018, Diplaros renewed his contract for another season. He subsequently spent the next season and a half between Montenegro (Lovćen) and Georgia (Batumi).
On September 10, 2020, Diplaros signed a two-year (1+1) contract with Panathinaikos as an auxiliary player. In 13 games in the Greek Basket League, he averaged 3 points, 0.5 rebounds and 0.6 assists, playing around 8 minutes per contest. He also appeared in 3 EuroLeague matches with the Greens. Diplaros won both the Greek League and the Greek Cup titles during his short tenure. On July 26, 2021, his contract option was not picked up and he parted ways with the historic club.
Diplaros spent the 2021-22 campaign with Apollon Patras and in 24 league games, he averaged 8.5 points, 2.6 rebounds, 4.7 assists and 1 steal, playing around 27 minutes per contest.
For the 2022–2023 season, Diplaros signed with Bulgarian club Balkan Botevgrad, where he averaged 7.9 points, 4.6 assists and 1.8 steals in the domestic league, as well as 10.8 points, 6 assists and 1.6 steals in the FIBA Europe Cup.
On July 26, 2023, Diplaros returned to Greece, signing with Karditsa.

## National team career

Diplaros was a member of the Greek junior national teams. With the junior national teams of Greece, Diplaros played at the 2014 FIBA Under-17 World Cup, the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, where he won a gold medal, and at the 2nd division 2016 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship Division B, where he won a bronze medal.
He also played at the 2017 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship, where he won a gold medal.