OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rossella Galbiati

Rosa Rossella Galbiati (born 11 October 1958) is an Italian former racing cyclist.
Galbiati was born on 11 October 1958 in Milan.
She won the Italian National Road Race Championships in 1978, and came second in 1980 and 1981.
# Track gauge in Singapore

In Singapore, the main lines on the Mass Rapid Transit system using the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge.
The KTM trains running from Malaysia to Woodlands Train Checkpoint and formerly to Tanjong Pagar railway station uses the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge.

## Standard gauge

Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit system uses the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge since the system was first constructed. Its metro lines all use the same standard gauge throughout the network. Its current metro lines using the gauge are the North–South Line, East–West Line, Circle Line, Thomson–East Coast Line, Downtown Line and North East Line. Future lines using the gauge are the Jurong Region Line and Cross Island Line.

## Other gauge
### Metre gauge

The former KTM Intercity that ran from the former Tanjong Pagar Railway station to Johor Bahru used the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge. The tracks and depot of the line have been since removed when the service was withdrawn from 1 July 2011. The service now terminated at Woodlands Train Checkpoint, and currently only a shuttle service is run from Johor Bahru Sentral railway station to Woodlands Train Checkpoint.

### Non-gauged railways

The current Sengkang LRT and Punggol LRTs on the Light Rail Transit as well as the Changi Airport Skytrain do not have a traditional track gauge or rails. Rather, they use rubber tires on the Crystal Mover guided by rails on the sides, essentially a sort of hybrid between a driverless traditional electric multiple unit and a trolleybus.
The Bukit Panjang LRT uses the Bombardier Innovia APM 100 which also uses rubber tires, but instead uses a center third rail to guide and receive power.

### Other

The current Sentosa Express is a monorail line not part of the MRT or LRT systems and uses a straddle-beam monorail system by Hitachi Rail, using their small-type monorail.
# X Image Extension

X Image Extension, or XIE was an extension to the X Window System to enhance its graphics capability. It was intended to provide a powerful mechanism for the transfer and display of virtually any image on any X-capable hardware. It was first released with X11R6 in 1994. It is no longer included in the X11 reference distribution, having been removed with X11R6.7 in 2004.
XIE never gained significant usage — according to Jim Gettys, "it failed due to excessive complexity and lack of a good implementation."
While not intended for use as a general-purpose image-processing engine, XIE did provide a set of image rendition and enhancement primitives that could be combined into arbitrarily complex expressions. XIE also provided import and export facilities for moving images between client and server, and for accessing images as resources. The client side programming library, XIElib, was documented in the Prentice Hall book Developing Imaging Applications with XIElib by Syd Logan (ISBN 0-13-442914-1). In addition to the server and client library, a performance and test tool, xieperf, was included in X11R6. This client was also written by Syd Logan.
XIE was developed under contract to the X Consortium by a San Diego, CA company (no longer extant) called AGE Logic. Principal team members include Larry Hare, Bob Shelley, Dr. Dean Verheiden, Dr. Ben Fahey, Dr. Gary Rogers, and Syd Logan.
For all practical purposes, the Image Extension is obsolete. Adequate image performance is instead gained through use of the ubiquitous MIT-SHM extension, which allows transfer of large images between the client and server on the same machine (the common use-case) via shared memory.
# Arthur Jacob Nature Reserve

Arthur Jacob Nature Reserve is a 4.1-hectare (10-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Horton in Berkshire. It is owned and managed by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead.
The reserve has four former gravel pits which have been converted from derelict land into lagoons managed for wildlife. There are several islands and the site has been planted with trees and shrubs, while some areas have been turned into wildflower meadows.
# Angela Day

Angela Day (born 10 June 1952) is a Canadian chess player who has held the FIDE title of Woman International Master (WIM) since 1982. She is a two-time Canadian Women's Chess Championship medalist (1975, 1981).

## Biography

From the mid-1970s to the early 1980s, Angela Day was one of Canada's leading female chess players. In 1975, she won silver medal and in 1981 she won bronze medal in Canadian Women's Chess Championship.
Day played for Canada in the Women's Chess Olympiads:
* In 1976, at third board in the 7th Chess Olympiad (women) in Haifa (+0, =3, -5),
* In 1978, at second board in the 8th Chess Olympiad (women) in Buenos Aires (+4, =6, -4),
* In 1980, at first reserve board in the 9th Chess Olympiad (women) in Valletta (+2, =2, -5).
She was married to Canadian chess player Lawrence Day.
# Carvin

Carvin (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 14 miles (23 km) northeast of Lens.

## History

During World War I, from October 1914 to October 1918, Carvin was occupied by the Germans. Over 6,000 soldiers are buried in one of the largest German cemeteries in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region.
Carvin was awarded the Croix de Guerre on 28 September 1920.
In May 1940, during the German invasion of France, a battle in Carvin's town centre allowed the bulk of British and French troops to escape to the Dunkirk evacuation. Once the allies had gone, the troops of the Wehrmacht arrested and murdered many miners at Arras.
In 1947, Carvin lost nearly a third of its territory with the separation of the commune of Libercourt.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 3,760 | — |
| 1800 | 3,670 | −0.35% |
| 1806 | 4,522 | +3.54% |
| 1821 | 4,686 | +0.24% |
| 1831 | 4,995 | +0.64% |
| 1836 | 4,953 | −0.17% |
| 1841 | 5,053 | +0.40% |
| 1846 | 5,120 | +0.26% |
| 1851 | 5,022 | −0.39% |
| 1856 | 5,426 | +1.56% |
| 1861 | 6,094 | +2.35% |
| 1866 | 6,546 | +1.44% |
| 1872 | 7,024 | +1.18% |
| 1876 | 7,471 | +1.55% |
| 1881 | 7,759 | +0.76% |
| 1886 | 7,808 | +0.13% |
| 1891 | 8,000 | +0.49% |
| 1896 | 8,614 | +1.49% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 9,391 | +1.74% |
| 1906 | 10,736 | +2.71% |
| 1911 | 11,846 | +1.99% |
| 1921 | 11,775 | −0.06% |
| 1926 | 16,664 | +7.19% |
| 1931 | 19,543 | +3.24% |
| 1936 | 18,696 | −0.88% |
| 1946 | 20,294 | +0.82% |
| 1954 | 15,780 | −3.10% |
| 1962 | 16,139 | +0.28% |
| 1968 | 17,097 | +0.97% |
| 1975 | 15,601 | −1.30% |
| 1982 | 16,206 | +0.55% |
| 1990 | 17,059 | +0.64% |
| 1999 | 17,772 | +0.46% |
| 2007 | 17,485 | −0.20% |
| 2012 | 17,198 | −0.33% |
| 2017 | 17,124 | −0.09% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Twin towns

Carvin is twinned with:
* Kłodzko, Poland
* Carvico, Italy
# List of storms named Imelda

The name Imelda was used for two tropical cyclones worldwide: one each in the Atlantic Ocean and the south-West Indian Ocean.
In the Atlantic:
In the South-West Indian:
# Lactate dehydrogenase A

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the LDHA gene. It is a monomer of lactate dehydrogenase, which exists as a tetramer. The other main subunit is lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB).

## Function

Lactate dehydrogenase A catalyzes the inter-conversion of pyruvate and L-lactate with concomitant inter-conversion of NADH and NAD$^+$. LDHA is found in most somatic tissues, though predominantly in muscle tissue and tumors, and belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family. It has long been known that many human cancers have higher LDHA levels compared to normal tissues. It has also been shown that LDHA plays an important role in the development, invasion and metastasis of malignancies. Mutations in LDHA have been linked to exertional myoglobinuria.

## Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.
* ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".

## LDHA Inhibitors

The following compounds have been demonstrated to inhibit the LDHA enzyme:
* Oxamate
* Epigallocatechin gallate
* Quinoline 3-sulfonamide
# Still the Drums

Still the Drums is a 2009 film written, produced, directed and edited by actor Talbot Perry Simons. The film is about four best friends that went to Vietnam as U.S. Marines. The story takes place thirty-nine years after the end of the Vietnam War.
The title Still the Drums is an excerpt from the poem "The Illusion of War" written after the Civil war by English author Richard Le Gallienne.
Still the Drums premiered on August 1, 2009, at the Regency Fairfax Cinema on Beverly Blvd. In West Hollywood, California, it was selected as a finalist in the 2009 New York International Independent Film and Video Festival, where it won awards for Best Film, Best Directorial Debut, Best Actor, Best Screenplay and Best New Song Composer. Still the Drums also won the Platinum Reel for Standout Filmmaking at the 2010 Nevada Film Festival.
His first film, it premiered on U.S. Cable TV's Movies On Demand Pay Per View in January 2013.
# Jesus in Disguise

"Jesus in Disguise" is a song by Christian contemporary-alternative rock musician Brandon Heath from his fourth studio album, Blue Mountain. It was released on August 10, 2012, as the first single from the album.

## Background

This song was produced by Dan Muckala.

## Composition

"Jesus in Disguise" was written by Brandon Heath, Ross Copperman and Lee Thomas Miller.

## Release

The song "Jesus in Disguise" was digitally released as the lead single from Blue Mountain on August 10, 2012.

## Music video

Heath release his video on September 8, 2012 via YouTube and VEVO. He got the attention of 324,111 of viewers in 2 months. Compared to secular music, according to him Heath did not compare his music in worldly.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Jesus in Disguise" :
| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| US Christian Songs (Billboard) | 7 |
| US Christian Airplay (Billboard) | 7 |
| US Christian AC (Billboard) | 8 |
# Hochkirch

Hochkirch (German) or Bukecy (Upper Sorbian, pronounced) is a municipality in the district of Bautzen, in Saxony, Germany. It is known for the 1758 Battle of Hochkirch, part of the Seven Years' War.
The municipality (except Breitendorf) is part of the recognized Sorbian settlement area in Saxony. Upper Sorbian has an official status next to German, all villages bear names in both languages.

## Geography

Hochkirch is located in the historic Upper Lusatia region, about 10 km (6.2 mi) east of the administrative capital Bautzen and 9 km (5.6 mi) northwest of Löbau. Situated within the Lusatian Highlands, it belongs to the settlement area of the Sorbs.

## History

The village of Bukovici (possibly derived from Upper Sorbian buk: "beech") was first mentioned in a 1222 deed issued by Bishop Bruno II of Meissen; the present German name first appeared in 1368. By the 1635 Peace of Prague, the area passed to the Electorate of Saxony.
During the Seven Years' War on 14 October 1758, the Habsburg (Austrian) Imperial Army under Field Marshal Count Leopold Joseph von Daun attacked the Prussian forces of King Frederick II in a gruesome dawn attack in which many soldiers were bayonetted in their tents in an alleyway beside the village cemetery, called Blutgasse (Blood Alley). The Prussians suffered a bitter defeat; Frederick's field marshal James Francis Edward Keith was killed in battle; his brother-in-law was decapitated by a cannonball. The church yard and church were the scene of intense fighting and the doors of the Baroque Hochkirch parish church still show pock marks from musket balls.

## Politics

Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeinderat) as of 2014 local elections:
* Free Voters: 7
* Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU): 6
* The Left: 1

## Notable people

* Kito Lorenc (1938–2017), Sorbian writer, lyric poet and translator.
# Stíny noci

Stíny noci (English: Shadows of the Night) is a 1994 Czech adventure video game developed by Computer Experts and authored by Vladimír Peniska. It was originally distributed by Vochozka Trading. By 1999, the game could be freely downloaded on the Internet.

## Plot and game play

The player is a secret detective who has been tasked with capturing a member of the mafia for a big reward.
Players navigate through a series of screens. Possible directions to travel and objects are listed on the screen. Players are able to die. The graphic have a resolution of 320 × 200 pixels. Each location is described with words, while accompanied by an image. It is strictly not considered a point-and-click adventure by Historie a kontext produkce počítačových her žánru adventure v České republice.

## Critical reception

Freegame.cz thought the game was enjoyable, despite having outdated graphics.
Textovky.cz thought it was a great game.
# Sandra Brugnera

Sandra Brugnera (born 13 August 1943) is an Italian former figure skater who won three national titles in ladies' singles (1962–64). She competed at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, finishing 26th, and at nine ISU Championships, achieving her best result, 11th, at the 1962 Europeans in Geneva.

## Competitive highlights

International :
| Event | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 |
| Winter Olympics | | | | 26th | |
| World Champ. | | 18th | 18th | 19th | 15th |
| European Champ. | 22nd | 11th | 13th | 14th | 13th |
| National ||||||
| Italian Champ. | | 1st | 1st | 1st | |
# Jemal Gamakharia

Jemal Gamakharia (Georgian: ჯემალ გამახარია; born 10 January 1949) is a Georgian politician. Being a native of Georgia's autonomous republic of Abkhazia and a member of the local legislature since 1991, Gamakharia was forced, along with most of the region's Georgian population, to flee the secessionist victory in Abkhazia in 1993. On 8 April 2019 he was elected chairman of the Supreme Council of Abkhazia, based in exile in the Georgian capital of Tbilisi.

## Career

Born in Ganakhleba, Gali district, Abkhaz ASSR, Georgian SSR, Gamakharia graduated from the Moscow State Institute for History and Archives in 1976. He worked in Moscow and Kuybyshev before returning to Abkhazia in 1982. He taught at the Abkhazian State University and Georgian Institute for Subtropics in Sukhumi in the 1980s. 1991 he was elected to the Supreme Council of Abkhazia, which soon became divided along ethnic and political lines. Following the war in Abkhazia, Gamakharia followed a pro-Georgian faction in exile in Georgia proper, where he retained his seat in the council-in-exile and was elected its chairman, succeeding Elguja Gvazava, in 2019. From 1999 to 2004, he was also member of the Parliament of Georgia as part of the Revival of Georgia election bloc led by Aslan Abashidze.
# Anastasian Wall

The Anastasian Wall (Greek: Ἀναστάσειον Τεῖχος, Anastáseion Teîchos; Turkish: Anastasius Suru) or the Long Walls of Thrace (Greek: Μακρὰ Τείχη τῆς Θράκης, Makrà Teíchē tês Thrákēs; Turkish: Uzun Duvar) or simply Long Wall / Macron Teichos (Ancient Greek: Μακρὸν τεῖχος) is an ancient stone and turf fortification located 64 km (40 mi) west of Istanbul, Turkey, built by the Eastern Roman Empire during the late 5th century.

## Construction

Originally some 56 km (35 mi) long, it stretches from Evcik İskelesi in Çatalca at the Black Sea coast across the Thracian peninsula to the coast of the Sea of Marmara at 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Silivri (ancient Selymbria). It ran from north to south through the locations what are today Karacaköy, Gümüşpınar, Pınarca, Kurfallı, Fener, Alipaşa Neighborhood and Silivri Altınorak. Remains of the wall are visible in Gümüşpınar junction in Karacaköy, Hisartepe in Yalıköy, Pınarca in İhsaniye and Kurfallı village. The wall was part of an additional outer defense system for Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and probably continued in use until the 7th century.
The wall was named after the Emperor Anastasius I (r. 491–518). However, there is evidence that the fortification already existed in 469 during the reign of Leo I (r. 457–474) and in 478 in the era of Zeno (r. 476–491), and it was maintained and renewed by Anastasius in the time from 507 to 512. The wall had a thickness of 3.3 m (11 ft) and a height over 5 m (16 ft). It was built complete with towers, gates, forts, ditches and a military way to protect Constantinople from invasions from the west by Huns, Slavs and Bulgars. A rectangular castrum with dimensions of 250 m (820 ft) by 300 m (980 ft) existed also in the central section of the wall.

## Effectiveness

It is known that the wall had only a limited effectiveness, and various groups attacking Constantinople penetrated it many times, because the fortification's length made it difficult to defend the wall completely by a limited garrison, and also because the wall was not sufficiently strong due to its hasty construction.
The wall fell into ruin after it was abandoned in the 7th century because of the difficulty of keeping it manned and repaired. Over the centuries, the stone of more than half of the total length was reused in other local buildings. It is best preserved in the woodlands of the northern sector.
# Luigi Mangiagalli

Luigi Mangiagalli (16 June 1850 – 3 July 1928) was an Italian scientist, philanthropist, politician who served as the Mayor of Milan from 1922 to 1926.
He started teaching obstetrics and gynaecology in Sassari, Catania, Pavia and Milan, where he also took the lead of the Istituto Ostetrico Ginecologico. His studies focused on the relationship between heart disease, pregnancy and surgery in neoplastic processes. He promoted many charitable organizations such as: the Istituto Nazionale del cancro (dedicated to king Victor Emmanuel III), the transformation of la Maternità into a big gynecologic and obstetric institution and the foundation of la Città Universitaria. In 1902 he became representative of the Chamber of Deputies and in 1905 he joined the Senate. During the First World War, he took care of the soldiers and healed the wounded ones. In 1926 he was nominated Minister of State. He is registered in the Famedio.

## Career

* 1895-1902: Director of the Clinica Ginecologica of Pavia
* 1902-1905: Director of the Scuola Pareggiata di Ostetricia of Milan
* 1906-1925: Director of the Istituto di Ostetricia e Ginecologica degli Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento
* 1922-1926: Mayor of Milan
* 1923-1926: First dean of the just founded University
* 11 November 1925: The farewell to teaching and the lively autobiography
* 1926: President of the Società Italiana di Ostetricia e Ginecologia
# Robert Denison

Robert Denison (1697–1766) was a soldier and political figure in Connecticut and Nova Scotia. He was elected to the Connecticut General Assembly in 1737, 1742, 1751 and 1756. He was a leader of the New England Planters who settled Nova Scotia and represented King's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1761 to 1764.

## Early life

He was born in Mohegan (later Montville, Connecticut), the son of Robert Denison and Joanna Stanton. He served in the New England militia in campaigns against the French and native peoples. In 1721, he married Deborah Griswold. He married Prudence Sherman in 1733 after the death of his first wife.

## Military career

In 1745, Denison was captain of a company that took part in the Siege of Louisbourg (1745). During the French and Indian War, he participated in the Battle of Lake George. In 1759, he received a grant of land in Horton Township, Nova Scotia; the land had been vacated following the Expulsion of the Acadians. He was named lieutenant colonel for the local militia and became a justice of the peace for the county the following year. In 1761, he was named a justice for the Inferior Court of Common Pleas. Denison resigned his seat in the assembly on April 3, 1764 and died in late June or early July the following year at Horton (now Hortonville).
His son Gurdon also served in the provincial assembly.
His great-great grandson was the Canadian prime minister Sir Robert Borden.
# List of military awards and decorations of the Gulf War

This list of military awards and decorations of the Gulf War is an index to articles about notable military awards and decorations given during and after the Persian Gulf War of 1990 and 1991 by the militaries of the countries involved.

## Coalition forces
### Argentina

* International Operations Medal with Golfo Pérsico clasp

### Australia

* Australian Active Service Medal with Kuwait clasp

### Bahrain

* Medal for the Liberation of Kuwait

### Canada

* Gulf and Kuwait Medal

### Egypt

* Kuwait Liberation Medal (Egypt)

### Italy

* Commemorative Cross for the Operations in the Persian Gulf 1990-91 (Croce commemorativa per le operazioni militari nell'area del Golfo Persico)

### Norway

* Medal for Defence Service Abroad - Saudi Arabia

### Kuwait

* Kuwait Liberation Medal (Wisam Al-Tahrir)
    This medal was offered to other members of the Coalition forces

### Saudi Arabia

* Medal for the Liberation of Kuwait (Nut Tahrir Al-Kuwait)
    This medal was offered to other members of the Coalition forces

### United Arab Emirates

* Medal for the Liberation of Kuwait (Wisam al-Tahrir al-Kuwait)

### United Kingdom

* Gulf Medal

### United States

* Southwest Asia Service Medal

## Iraq

Iraq
* Nut Al-Shuja'ah (Bravery Medal), 1990-1991
* Wisam 'Um Al-M’aarik (Mother of Battles Medal), 1990–91
* Sharat 'Um Al-M'aarik (Mother of Battles Badge)
# Domeabra

Nsiakrom-(Domeabra) is a small town in the Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal District, a district in the Western Region of Ghana.

## Education

Domeabra is known as the DOMEABRA M/A BASIC School.

## Healthcare

The Saint John of God Hospital is located in Domeabra.