OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lou Myers (actor)

Lou Myers (September 26, 1935 – February 19, 2013), known alternately as Lou Leabengula Myers, was an American actor.
Myers was born in Chesapeake, West Virginia, the son of Dorothy Louise Brown Myers and Otis Louis Myers, a coal miner who spoke fluent German. He joined the U.S. Air Force in 1951. He was discharged in 1953 and went on to earn a bachelor's degree in sociology from West Virginia State University and an MFA in theatre from NYU.
Myers was typically typecast as a grumpy old man, but he appeared in many movies, plays, and television programs. He made his Broadway debut in 1975 as Reverend Mosely in the production The First Breeze of Summer, alongside Ethel Ayler, Moses Gunn, Bebe Drake, and Barbara Montgomery. He joined them in recreating their roles for a television adaptation that aired on Great Performances in 1976.
Myers was an original cast member of many August Wilson plays, including Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, Fences, and The Piano Lesson.
He is perhaps best known as the feisty Mr. Vernon Gaines in the sitcom A Different World. Myers was also an accomplished pianist and founder/director of the Tshaka Ensemble Players in Africa.
Myers died at the Charleston Area Medical Center in West Virginia after battling pneumonia for several months.

## Awards

Myers won an NAACP Image Award for his role as the Stool Pigeon in the August Wilson play King Hedley II. He also won the Off-Broadway AUDELCO Award for his role in the play Fat Tuesday.
In 2005 the Appalachian Education Initiative listed Myers as one of 50 "Outstanding Creative Artists" from the State of West Virginia and featured him in their coffee table book Art & Soul.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Other notes |
| 1991 | Missing Pieces | Attendant | |
| 1994 | Cobb | Willie | |
| 1995 | The Piano Lesson | Wining Boy | TV movie |
| 1995 | The Passion of Darkly Noon | Quincy | |
| 1996 | Tin Cup | Clint | |
| 1997 | Volcano | Pastor Lake | |
| 1998 | Mama Flora's Family | Albie | TV mini-series |
| 1998 | Goodbye Lover | Police Captain | |
| 1998 | Bulworth | Uncle Tyrone | |
| 1998 | How Stella Got Her Groove Back | Uncle Ollie | |
| 1999 | The Big Confession | Tommy | |
| 1999 | The Stand-In | Half-Step Wilson | |
| 2001 | The Wedding Planner | Burt Weinberg | |
| 2001 | All About You | Toomie | |
| 2003 | The Fighting Temptations | Homer T. | |
| 2003 | Nobody Knows Anything! | Blue Smoke Jones | |
| 2004 | Team Player | Coach Lou | |
| 2007 | Kings of the Evening | Counter Man | |
| 2010 | It's Kind of a Funny Story | Jimmy | |
| 2013 | Dreams | Mr. Harlan | (final film role) |
# Civil death

Civil death (Latin: civiliter mortuus) is the loss of all or almost all civil rights by a person due to a conviction for a felony or due to an act by the government of a country that results in the loss of civil rights. It is usually inflicted on persons convicted of crimes against the state or adults determined by a court to be legally incompetent because of mental disability.

## Medieval Europe

In medieval Europe, felons lost all civil rights upon their conviction. This civil death often led to actual death, since anyone could kill and injure a felon with impunity. Under the Holy Roman Empire, a person declared civilly dead was referred to as vogelfrei ('free as a bird') and could even be killed since they were completely outside the law.
Historically outlawry, that is, declaring a person as an outlaw, was a common form of civil death.
Under early English common law a living person could under certain conditions be considered legally dead. The three categories generally recognized as resulting in civil death were profession ("monastery death"), abjuration, and banishment.

## United States

In the U.S., the disenfranchisement of felons has been called a form of civil death, as has being subjected to collateral consequences in general. The contention is not generally supported by legal scholars. Civil death as such remains part of the law in New York, Rhode Island, and the Virgin Islands.

## China

The deprivation of political rights is a supplementary punishment defined in the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China. While this punishment is usually issued for at least one but not more than five years in conjunction with other crimes, such as counterrevolution, there are situations where the deprivation of political rights can be issued on its own or for longer periods:
* For those sentenced to life imprisonment or capital punishment, the deprivation of political rights is lifelong;
* Those who assemble a crowd for "beating, smashing, or looting" can be issued an exclusive punishment of deprivation of political rights.

### Political rights

Political rights are defined in the Criminal Law as:
* the right to vote and to stand for election;
* the rights of freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession, and of demonstration;
* the right to hold a position in a state organization; and
* the right to hold a leading position in any state-owned company, enterprise, institution or people's organization.
# Bedlam, Shropshire

Bedlam (also known as Titterstone Village) is a small hamlet in south Shropshire, England.
It is located east of Bitterley and north of Cleehill, situated on the slopes of Titterstone Clee Hill. The village, along with Dhustone, was built to house workers in the dhustone quarries on the hill.
The village has a war memorial in the form of a short stone Celtic cross standing on a large base next to a now-closed chapel.
# 2013 Young Hollywood Awards

The 15th Annual Young Hollywood Awards were held on Thursday, August 1, 2013, in Los Angeles, California, previously recorded the day before. Aisha Tyler was the host. While there were no nominees that year, the recipients were "honored" with the awards. This was the first year that the awards were televised.

## Winners and nominees

Reference:
| Fan Favorite | One to Watch |
| Dave Franco | Bella Thorne |
| Male Breakthrough Performance | Female Breakthrough Performance |
| Liam James | Tatiana Maslany |
| Actor of the Year | Female Superstar of Tomorrow |
| Kit Harington | AnnaSophia Robb |
| SodaStream Unbottle the World | Crossover of the Year |
| Lauren Conrad | Lucy Hale |
| Style Icon | Role Model |
| Kelly Osbourne | Cody Simpson |
| Best Male Artist | Breakout Artist |
| Miguel | Austin Mahone |
| Fan Favorite–Album | Most Anticipated Tour |
| Selena Gomez | Selena Gomez |
| Best Ensemble | Internet Sensation |
| Teen Wolf | Sharknado |
# Thomas J. Selby

Thomas Jefferson Selby (December 4, 1840 – March 10, 1917) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Born in Delaware County, Ohio, Selby attended the common schools. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1869 and commenced the practice of his profession in 1875. From 1864 to 1866, he served as Sheriff of Jersey County, Illinois. He also published the Jersey County Democrat from 1866 to 1870 and worked as the county clerk from 1869 to 1877.
He served two terms as the mayor of Jerseyville and was the state attorney for Calhoun County from 1888 to 1900. Selby was elected as a Democrat to the 57th Congress and served March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903.
Afterwards, he resumed the practice of law. He died in Hardin, Illinois, on March 10, 1917, and is buried in Hardin Cemetery.
# Mohd Ghazali Mohd Seth

Mohd Ghazali bin Mohd Seth (4 February 1929 – 24 August 2021) was the 7th Chief of Defence Forces of Malaysia.

## Background

Ghazali was born on 4 February 1929 in Johor Bahru, Johore. He was a prodigy of the state of Johore whom attended secondary school at the legendary and prestigious English College (Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar), Johor Bahru in 1946 and had undergone military training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1952. He had served as Army chief (1977–1982) prior to his appointment as the 7th Chief of the Malaysian Defence Forces (1982–1985).

## Death

Ghazali died on 24 August 2021 at the Cardiac Vascular Sentral (CVSKL) private hospital due to pneumonia whilst receiving treatment for cancer and was buried at the Bukit Kiara Muslim Cemetery in Kuala Lumpur.

## Honours
### Honours of Malaysia

* Malaysia :
** Recipient of the Malaysian Commemorative Medal (Silver) (PPM) (1965)
** Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (1968)
** Companion of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (JMN) (1971)
** Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (1978)
** Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (PMN) – Tan Sri (1981)
* Malaysian Armed Forces :
** Courageous Commander of the Gallant Order of Military Service (PGAT)
* Johor :
** Companion of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SMJ)
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (DPMJ) – Dato'
** Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SPMJ) – Dato'
* Pahang :
** Grand Knight of the Order of the Crown of Pahang (SIMP) – formerly Dato', now Dato' Indera (1981)
* Kedah :
** Knight Commander of the Order of Loyalty to Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (DHMS) – Dato' Paduka (1983)
* Sarawak :
** Distinguished Service Medal (Gold) (PPC)
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS) – formerly Dato, now Dato Sri
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DA) – Datuk Amar (2012)

### Foreign Honours

* Indonesia :
** Honorary Recipient of the Bintang Dharma (BD) (1969)
** Honorary Recipient of the Bintang Yudha Dharma Utama (BYD) (1983)
# American Institute of Chemists

The American Institute of Chemists (AIC) is an organization founded in 1923 with the goal of advancing the chemistry profession in the United States. The institute is known for its yearly awards recognizing contributions of individuals in this field of work.
The American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal, given since 1926, is the institute's highest award and is awarded annually to a person who has promoted activity of service to the science or profession of chemist or chemical engineer in the United States of America.
The Chemical Pioneer Award, first given in 1966, recognizes chemists or chemical engineers who have made outstanding contributions to advances in chemistry or the chemical profession.
Former Presidents of the Institute include Gustav Egloff who served from 1942 to 1946.
# International Association for Cereal Science and Technology

The International Association for Cereal Science and Technology (ICC) was founded in 1955 and was originally called the International Association for Cereal Chemistry. It was set up to develop international standard testing procedures for cereals and flour. It has currently more than fifty member countries and headquarters in Vienna, Austria.
# Taverners Green

Taverners Green is a hamlet in the Hatfield Broad Oak civil parish of the Uttlesford district, in the county of Essex, England. Nearby settlements include the villages of Takeley and Hatfield Broad Oak.
* This Essex location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Nutcase (film)

Nutcase is a 1980 caper film directed by Roger Donaldson.

## Plot

Evil Eva and her gang demand $5,000,000 or they will drop a nuclear bomb into the crater of Rangitoto. Three kids fight back.

## Cast

* Melissa Donaldson as Nikki
* Peter Shand as Jamie
* Aaron Donaldson as Crunch
* Jon Gadsby as Chief Inspector Cobblestone
* Nevan Rowe as Evil Eva
* Ian Watkin as Godzilla
* Michael Wilson as McLooney
* Ian Mune as U-boat Commodore
* Clyde Scott as Murphy
* Jim Coates as Gribble
# Spheniscus anglicus

Spheniscus anglicus is an extinct species of banded penguin that lived during the Late Miocene in what is now Chile, South America. The species was described in 2015 by Richard D. Benson based on a fossil found in the Bahia Inglesa Formation in northern Chile.

## Description

The holotype material consists of a fossil penguin skull, without a beak. The species is described as smaller than the emperor penguin or the king penguin, but larger than any other in the genus.

### Discovery and naming

The only known current fossil of Spheniscus anglicus was recovered from the Bahia Inglesa Formation at an unknown date, and later sold at the 2001 Tucson Gem & Mineral Show to Mark Rasmussen, who later donated it to the Science Museum of Minnesota. The species is named after the Bahia Inglesa Formation in which the fossil was found.
# Marcy Blum

Marcy Blum is an American author, event planner, and owner of Marcy Blum Associates in New York City.

## Education

Blum is a graduate of The Culinary Institute of America and began her career in the restaurant business, later creating a segue into the then-developing field of event planning. In 1986 she became one of the first in the industry to develop the vocation into a successful career

## Career

Marcy Blum has been named one of the top wedding planners in the world by Vogue Magazine, Harper's Bazaar, and Martha Stewart Weddings. New York magazine described Blum as a "desired wedding planner to the wealthy and famous."
Among her clients are Rickie Fowler and Allison Stokke, Billy Joel, Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick, Salman Rushdie and Padma Lakshmi, Katie Lee Joel, Colin Hanks and Samantha Bryant, Lebron James and Savannah James, Fabiola Beracasa Beckman and Jason Beckman, and George Soros and Tamiko Soros, The Rockefeller family, Nate Berkus and Jeremiah Brent, Annie Lawless and Jeffrey Jacobs, and Andre Iguodala and Christina Iguodala,. She was also the planner of The Knot's "Dream Wedding" in 2014 of Boston Marathon bombing survivors, Rebekah Gregory and Pete DiMartino.
Blum has been a guest on the CBS Morning Show, The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Rachael Ray Show and The Nate Berkus Show.
Blum has written and contributed to many articles, including The New York Times, New York magazine, The Knot, Brides magazine, Elle, Modern Bride, InStyle, and Town & Country. She coauthored, with Laura Kaiser, two books, Wedding Planning for Dummies and Wedding Kit for Dummies.
In 2018, Marcy Blum was named a 'Tastemaker' for HomeGoods.

## Personal

Marcy is the sister of American author and journalist Howard Blum.
# Rubino Romeo Salmonì

Rubino Romeo Salmonì (22 January 1920 – 10 July 2011) was an Italian author known for his book In the End, I Beat Hitler, based on his experiences as a survivor of Auschwitz II–Birkenau during the Holocaust.

## Biography

An Italian Jew, Salmonì was born in Rome in 1920. He escaped the first mass arrests of Jews from the Roman Ghetto in October 1943, but was arrested by the Italian police in April 1944.
After being imprisoned in Rome, he was moved to a camp in Fossoli and arrived at Auschwitz when he was 24. He was given the identification number A15810, and forced to work, facing starvation and cold. Salmonì and other prisoners in the camp were freed by Allied forces in 1945. While Salmonì was reunited with his parents, he found his brothers were murdered.

### In the End, I Beat Hitler

After the war, Salmonì visited many schools and colleges to share his experiences. His book In the End, I Beat Hitler also recounts his experiences, incorporating elements of irony and black humour. He wrote, "I came out of Auschwitz alive, I have a wonderful family, I celebrated my golden wedding anniversary, I have 12 splendid grandchildren– I think I can say I ruined Hitler's plan for me."
The writings served as an inspiration for Italian director Roberto Benigni's 1997 film Life Is Beautiful, which won the Cannes Grand Prix and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Benigni stated he wished to commemorate Salmonì as a man who wished to live in the right way. Also in 1997, Salmonì appeared in the documentary film Memoria.
The book was presented at Palazzo Valentini in January 2011 by Salmonì, Province of Rome President Nicola Zingaretti and chief rabbi Riccardo Di Segni.

### Death

Salmonì died in Rome on 10 July 2011, with Mayor of Rome Gianni Alemanno calling him "a great man who with his courage and determination managed to save himself from the hell of Auschwitz-Birkenau," and the Central Council of Jews in Germany saying Salmonì's death was a "great loss." President of Italy Giorgio Napolitano and President of Lazio Renata Polverini also expressed their sadness at the news.
# Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion

The Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI CEC) is a research institute of the Max Planck Society. It is located in the German town of Mülheim.

## Research

The MPI CEC investigates fundamental chemical processes in energy transformation and contributes to the development of new and efficient catalysts. Its approach to this problem is based on a profound understanding of the underlying chemical reactions and multidisciplinary.

## Departments
### Inorganic Spectroscopy

Director: Serena DeBeer
The department of Inorganic Spectroscopy focuses on the development and application of advanced X-ray spectroscopic tools for understanding processes in biological and chemical catalysis.

#### Research groups

* Energy Converting Enzymes (James Birrell)
* Computational Chemistry (Ragnar Björnsson)
* Biochemistry of Metalloproteins (Laure Decamps)
* X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation (Sergey Peredkov)
* Chemical Synthesis (Christina Römelt)
* Proteins on electrodes (Olaf Rüdiger)
* Chemical Synthesis, X-ray structure analysis (Thomas Weyhermüller)

### Molecular Catalysis

Director: Walter Leitner
The research of the Molecular Catalysis department focuses on the development of technologies for the conversion of renewable energy and feedstocks to sustainable fuels and chemical products.

#### Research groups

* Multifunctional Catalytic Systems (Alexis Bordet)
* Organometallic Electrocatalysis (Nicolas Kaeffer)
* Multiphase Catalysis (Andreas Vorholt)

### Heterogeneous Reactions

Director: Robert Schlögl
The department of Heterogeneous Reactions is researching, among other things, on a better understanding of the processes of electrocatalytic water splitting. The aim is to generate generic insight and solutions for synthesis and analysis of chemical energy conversion systems.

#### Research groups

* Surface Structure Analysis (Mark Greiner)
* Carbon Synthesis and Applications (Saskia Heumann)
* Electrocatalysis (Anna Mechler)
* Catalytic Technology (Holger Ruland)

### Independent Research Groups

* EPR Research Group (Alexander Schnegg)
* Catalyst Controlled Selective Transformations and Ligand Design (Manuel van Gemmeren)
* Synergistic Organometallic Catalysis (Christophe Werlé)
Wolfgang Lubitz from the Department of Biophysical Chemistry is an Emeritus Director at the Institute.

## History

As one of 84 institutes in the Max Planck Society, it was first part of the neighboring Max Planck Institute for Coal Research and became independent in 1981 under the name of Max Planck Institute for Radiation Chemistry. It was renamed to Max Planck Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry in 2003, to reflect its changing research focus. Following a significant restructuring and expansion of its departments in 2011, it was re-established in 2012 as the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion.
# Moose (dog)

Moose (December 24, 1990 – June 22, 2006) was a wire-hair Jack Russell Terrier who portrayed Eddie Crane on the American television Cheers spinoff sitcom Frasier.

## Early life

Moose was birthed on Christmas Eve, 1990, in Florida, the youngest littermate. He was the largest puppy in the litter. Like Pal, the original Lassie, the rambunctious puppy was too much for his original owner. According to an article by Lori Golden:
   In fact, chasing cats was one of the activities that led to this troubled terrier becoming one of TV’s most precious pooches. Originally owned by a Florida family, Sam and Connie Thise, Moose was too hard to handle. He could not be house trained; he chewed everything; he dug and barked a lot; and he was constantly escaping and climbing trees. Eventually given to the Florida manager of Birds and Animals Unlimited, a company that trains animals for TV and motion pictures, Moose was put on a plane at 2½ years old and sent to Mathilde de Cagny, an LA trainer working for the show-biz animal company.

## Career

Moose won the role on Frasier after only six months of training. Moose had the ability to fix Kelsey Grammer with a long hard stare; this became a running sight gag on the show. When Moose had to lick his co-stars, however, sardine oil was applied upon the actors' faces. John Mahoney once revealed liver pâté was dabbed behind the actor's ears to make Moose nuzzle the actors.
Moose had numerous television appearances and several magazine covers to his credit. There is an official Moose calendar and an "autobiography", My Life as a Dog, which was written by Brian Hargrove, husband of actor David Hyde Pierce who portrays Niles Crane in Frasier.

## Retirement

Moose spent the last six and a half years of his life in retirement in West Los Angeles with son Enzo, their trainer Mathilde de Cagny, her husband Michael Halberg, and Jill, the dog from As Good as It Gets. He died of natural causes at home at the age of 15 (incorrectly stated as 16) on June 22, 2006.

## Selected credits

* Universal Studios Animal Actors’ Showcase
* Coach print advertisements (National campaign)
* Rold Gold Pretzel TV commercials
* Frasier – "Eddie" (1993–2000)
* My Dog Skip – Skip (2000)
# Lauterach

Lauterach is a town in the district of Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Honorary consulates of Finland, and the United Kingdom are located in Lauterach.
The Lauterach Transmitter is a 116 m tall broadcasting facility.
European route E60 passes through Lauterach.

## Personalities

* Bruno Pezzey (1955–1994), 84-time national football player
* Julian Knowle (b. 1974), tennis player
* André Pilz (b. 1972), writer
* Markus Weissenberger (b. 1975), soccer player
* Christian Hirschbühl (b. 1990), ski racer

## Transport

There are two railway stations within the municipality. Lauterach railway station is an intermediate stop on the Vorarlberg railway line (Vorarlbergbahn) traversing Vorarlberg in a north-south direction. This railway station is called at by the S1 and R5 regional train services of Vorarlberg S-Bahn. Since June 2022, there is another station, Lauterach Unterfeld, which is situated on the St. Margrethen–Lauterach line and served by the S3 of Vorarlberg S-Bahn. All services are operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).
# Wolfurt

Wolfurt is a municipality in the western Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

## Transport

Wolfurt railway station is an intermediate stop on the Vorarlberg railway line (Vorarlbergbahn) traversing Vorarlberg in a north-south direction. This railway station is called at by the S1 and R5 regional train services of Vorarlberg S-Bahn, operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).