OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Twickenham Meadows

Twickenham Meadows, later known as Cambridge Park, was a 74-acre estate, the second largest estate in Twickenham, England, after Twickenham Park. It has now been built over and the name remains for a part of Twickenham in optional – station-centric terms – considered St Margarets. The estate included a three-storey brick Jacobean mansion which was built around 1610 and was later known as Cambridge House. The house was demolished in 1937

## Main estate

Sir Humphrey Lynde (1579–1636) an English lay Puritan controversialist and MP for Brecon acquired the estate in about 1616 and was responsible for the Jacobean house. Some frescoes and a fireplace surround dating from the middle of the 16th century were discovered when the house was demolished which suggests there may have been an earlier building. In 1630 the house came into the occupation of Joyce Carew, Countess of Totnes (1562–1637), widow of George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes, who died 1629. She died in 1637, and the house was purchased by Sir Thomas Lawley, 1st Baronet (1586–1646) in 1638. After his death in 1646, the estate remained by the family until it was sold in 1657 to Sir Joseph Ashe, 1st Baronet (1617–1686). He was succeeded in 1687 by his son Sir James Ashe, 2nd Baronet (1674–1733). The baronet died in 1733, leaving an only daughter Martha, who had married Joseph Windham (1683–1746), who adopted the name Windham Ashe to succeed to the property. He enlarged the house and built the west front. After his death in 1747 Martha stayed at the house for two years until her death in 1749, when it was bought by Valens Comyn MP for Hindon. He died two years later and the estate was acquired by Richard Owen Cambridge (1717–1802), a celebrated poet. After he died in 1802 the house was occupied by his daughter Charlotte, and then in 1823 by his son George Owen Cambridge (1756–1841), who was an archdeacon.
George Cambridge divided the estate between what was to become Cambridge Park, and Meadowbank, where he built a new house. Cambridge Park was leased to Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, who occupied the house until 1832 when John Cam Hobhouse took the lease. The estate, now consisting of 30 acres, was acquired by Henry Bevan in 1835. He enlarged the house and it was renamed Cambridge House. The property passed to a daughter Lady Caroline Chichester in 1860 and then to a grandson Sir Edward John Dean Paul, 4th Baronet. When Paul died in 1895 the estate was sold to a builder, Henry Cresswell Foulkes, who redeveloped the Cambridge Park estate. Cambridge House was demolished in 1930. Part of the park was later used as a munitions factory and Richmond Ice Rink.

## Meadowbank

George Cambridge built a house on the 44 acres at meadowbank where he lived, and built Meadowside Cottage nearby. In 1861 the property was occupied by George Bishop junior, who was an astronomer and built an observatory on the land. In 1863 Jeremiah Little took the property and redeveloped the surrounding land. The house was extended in 1926 and rebuilt in the 1960s.
# Munir Mesihović

Munir Mesihović (23 March 1928 – 23 October 2016) was a Bosnian politician who was Chairman of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from April 1985 to April 1987. He was publicly criticized for his connections to the Neum Affair.
# William S. McKinnon

William Stranchon McKinnon (December 19, 1852 – November 17, 1908) was a Republican politician in the U.S. state of Ohio who was Speaker of the Ohio House and Ohio State Treasurer from 1904 to 1908.

## Biography

William S. McKinnon was born at Owen Sound, Canada West. He was moved to Cleveland, where he grew up, and became a machinist.
McKinnon relocated to Ashtabula, where he owned machine shops, was a member of the Board of Education and city council and was Mayor of Ashtabula. He married Octavia J. Porter on April 2, 1878, and had four sons and one daughter. In 1880, he was the founder and head of the McKinnon Iron Works Company at Ashtabula Harbor.
McKinnon was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1897 and served in the 73rd, 74th, and 75th General Assemblies, 1898–1903. In the 75th General Assembly (1902–1903), he was chosen Speaker of the House.
In May 1900, McKinnon was appointed an Ohio Commissioner of the Pan-American Exposition
In 1903, the Republicans nominated McKinnon for Ohio State Treasurer, and he won the election that year, and again in 1905. Elections were moved to even-numbered years, and McKinnon chose not to run in 1908. His term would have ended in January 1909, but he died at his Ashtabula home on November 17, 1908.
# Chauncey N. Olds

Chauncey N. Olds was a Republican politician from the state of Ohio. He was Ohio Attorney General 1865.

## Early life and education

Chauncey Olds was born February 2, 1816, at Marlboro, Vermont, brother of Edson B. Olds. He was moved to Cuyahoga County, Ohio, at age four. In 1830, the family moved to Circleville, Pickaway County. He began studies at Ohio University that autumn, but quit after three years due to illness. He entered Miami University in 1834 and graduated in 1836.

## Career

Olds soon became a professor at Miami University after he graduated. He resigned in 1840, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 in Circleville. He practiced in that town until 1856, and represented the county in the Ohio House of Representatives for the 47th General Assembly, 1848–1849, and the Ohio State Senate 1849–1850, elected as a Whig. In 1856, he moved to Columbus, Ohio, and ran for Ohio Attorney General in the 1862 election, but lost.
In 1865, Attorney General William P. Richardson resigned, and Olds was appointed by Governor Brough on February 20, 1865. He was not nominated for the 1865 election.

## Personal life

He was a trustee of Miami University for twenty five years. He was prominent in the Presbyterian church. For the last seventeen years of his life, he represented the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railway in Franklin County.
He died on February 11, 1890 at his home in Columbus.
# Emmett Tompkins

Emmett Tompkins (September 1, 1853 – December 18, 1917) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1901 to 1903. He was the son of Congressman Cydnor Bailey Tompkins.

## Early life and education

Born in McConnelsville, Morgan County, Ohio, Tompkins moved to Athens County, Ohio, in 1865. He attended the public schools and Ohio University at Athens. He studied law.

## Career

He was admitted to the bar in 1875 and commenced practice in Athens, Ohio. City solicitor in 1876 and 1877. He served as mayor of Athens from 1877 to 1879, and as prosecuting attorney of Athens County in 1879.
He served as delegate to the Republican State conventions in 1879, 1881, and 1883. He served as member of the Ohio House of Representatives 1886-1890. He moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1889. He served as member of the board of trustees of Ohio University.
He lost election for Mayor of Columbus, Ohio the spring of 1897 to Democrat Samuel Luccock Black.

## Congress

Tompkins was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903).

## Later career and death

He resumed the practice of law in Columbus, Ohio. He was appointed trustee of Ohio University in 1908. He died in Columbus, Ohio, December 18, 1917. He remains were cremated in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the ashes returned to his home in Columbus, Ohio.
# Markus Büchel (bishop)

Markus Büchel (German pronunciation:; born 9 August 1949 in Rüthi) is a Swiss Catholic prelate who has served as Bishop of Saint Gallen since 2006.

## Life

Büchel studied philosophy and Roman Catholic theology at University of Fribourg. He was ordained priest in St. Gallen. On 17 September 2006 Büchel was ordained bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Gallen.
# Galen A. Carter

Galen Augustus Carter (June 22, 1832 – November 10, 1893) was a member of the Connecticut Senate representing the 12th district from 1874 to 1875.
He was born June 22, 1832, in New York City, the son of Galen Carter and Ann Eliza Ketchum.
He was a partner in the firm of Jacob Little & Company, member of the New York Stock Exchange.
In November 1853, he married Mary C. Davenport
He was elected a burgess of the Borough of Stamford.
In 1874, he was elected to the Connecticut Senate.
# Ambrose R. Wright

Ambrose Ransom "Rans" Wright (April 26, 1826 – December 21, 1872) was an American lawyer, politician, and Confederate general in the American Civil War.

## Early life

Wright, known by the nickname "Rans", was born in Louisville, Georgia. He read law under the tutelage of Governor and Senator Herschel V. Johnson, who later became his brother-in-law, and was admitted to the bar. He became prominent politically, although he ran unsuccessfully for the Georgia legislature and for the United States Congress. He was a presidential elector for Millard Fillmore in 1856, a supporter of Bell and Everett in 1860, and a Georgia commissioner to Maryland in 1861.

## Civil War

At the start of the Civil War, Wright enlisted as a private in Georgia Militia, but he was commissioned colonel of the 3rd Georgia Infantry on May 18, 1861, and served in North Carolina and Georgia until the summer of 1862 and won a victory for the Confederacy at the Battle of South Mills in North Carolina in April 1862. In May, Wright traveled with his regiment to Virginia and fought in the Battle of Seven Pines as part of Brig. Gen Albert G. Blanchard's brigade. Blanchard was removed from command afterwards due to poor performance and Wright replaced him, being promoted to brigadier general.
Wright's Georgians made a distinguished record in the Army of Northern Virginia from the Seven Days Battles to the Siege of Petersburg. He was badly wounded at the Battle of Antietam in 1862 and at Chancellorsville in 1863.
At the Battle of Gettysburg, Wright's brigade, part of Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson's division of Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill's Corps, breached the Union defenses on Cemetery Ridge on July 2, 1863. His command drove off the Union force and captured twenty artillery pieces, before being forced to retire through lack of support.
Wright continued to lead his brigade as part of Anderson's division in A.P. Hill's Third Corps in subsequent the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns of 1863, as well as the Overland Campaign of 1864.
As of November 26, 1864, Wright was named major general on a temporary commission (which was not made permanent) and ordered to Georgia, where he exercised command until the end of the war.

## Postbellum career

In 1863, Wright had been elected to the Georgia State Senate and president of that body in absentia. Resuming his law practice after the termination of hostilities, he purchased the Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel newspaper in 1866, and, in 1871, was defeated for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate. The following year, General Wright was a delegate to both the state and national Democratic conventions and was elected to the United States House of Representatives, but died at Augusta, Georgia, before taking his seat. At a special election to fill the vacancy, Alexander Stephens was elected his successor. General Wright is buried in Magnolia Cemetery (formerly City Cemetery), Augusta.
His grandson was U.S. Senator John S. Cohen.
# Daniel H. Paddock

Daniel Holmes Paddock (April 10, 1852 – December 26, 1905) was an American lawyer and politician.

## Biography

Paddock was born in Lockport, Illinois. In 1853, Paddock moved with his parents to Kankakee, Illinois. He went to the public schools. In 1874, he received his law degree from Albany Law School and was admitted to the Illinois and New York bars. Paddock practiced law in Kankakee, Illinois. He serve as the Kankakee city attorney and as the state's attorney for Kankakee County. Padock served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1889 to 1895 and was a Republican. In 1896, he ran for the Republican nomination for Illinois Attorney General and lost the election to Edward C. Akin. Paddock died suddenly in Hot Springs, Arkansas where he had gone because of serious health problems.
# Elbert H. Hubbard

Elbert Hamilton Hubbard (August 19, 1849 – June 4, 1912), a second-generation congressman, was a four-term Republican U.S. Representative from the now-obsolete 11th congressional district in northwestern Iowa.
Born in Rushville, Indiana to Judge Asahel Wheeler Hubbard and his wife, Hubbard attended the public schools and was instructed by a private tutor. He came with his father to Iowa in 1856, locating at Sioux City, Iowa. During the Civil War, his father was elected three times to represent Iowa's newly created 6th congressional district in the U.S. House, serving from March 4, 1863 to March 3, 1869. During the end of his father's Congressional service, Elbert Hubbard began to attend Yale College, graduating in 1872. After studying law in Sioux City with C. R. Marks, he was admitted to the bar in 1874 and commenced practice in Sioux City.
In 1881 he was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives from Woodbury County, Iowa. In 1899 he was elected to the Iowa State Senate, where he served from 1900 to 1902.
In 1904, Lot Thomas, the Congressman representing Iowa's 11th congressional district, declined to run for re-election, prompting Hubbard and many other Republicans in northwest Iowa to run for the seat. On May 6, 1904, Hubbard won the Republican nomination on the 65th ballot at the district convention. With popular President Theodore Roosevelt at the top of the Republican ticket that November, Hubbard won, as part of a Republican sweep of all eleven Iowa U.S. House elections. After serving in the Fifty-ninth Congress, he was re-elected three times to the three succeeding Congresses. One day after defeating challenger George Cromwell Scott the 1912 Republican primary, he died. In all, Hubbard served in Congress from March 4, 1905 to June 4, 1912. He was interred in Floyd Cemetery in Sioux City.
# John C. New

John Chalfant New (July 6, 1831 – June 4, 1906) was a United States banker and lawyer who held a variety of government positions. He was Treasurer of the United States from 1875 to 1876.

## Biography

John C. New was born on July 6, 1831, in Vernon, Indiana. His father was John Bowman New, son of Jethro New, and his mother was Mariah (Chalfant) New. His uncle was Robert A. New. His brother was Jeptha D. New. He was educated at Bethany College, studying law and graduating in 1851.
After college, New worked as a banker, publisher, and lawyer. He married Melissa Beeler in 1854; together the two had a son, Harry Stewart New, born in 1858.
Following the resignation of Horatio C. Newcomb from his seat in the Indiana Senate, New was elected to Newcomb's former seat in 1863.
His first wife died in 1867 and he remarried to Elizabeth R. McRae, and the couple had two children together. She was born in Louisiana on February 4, 1845 and died in Indianapolis on February 19, 1935.
In 1875, President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant nominated New to be Treasurer of the United States, and New subsequently held that office from June 30, 1875, to July 1, 1876. In 1880, John New purchased the Indianapolis Journal, and also became chairman of the Indiana Republican Party. In this position he gathered enough power to be called the "boss of Indiana Republican politics."
As the leader of the Indiana delegation to the Republican National Convention held in Chicago in June 1880, New led the Indiana delegation in casting 26 of Indiana's 30 delegate votes for James G. Blaine. However, Blaine did not win the nomination on the first ballot at the Chicago Convention. Nor did Blaine or anyone else gather enough delegates to win the nomination for the thirty-three ballots as the convention dragged on in search of a nominee. Finally, on the 34th ballot, Wisconsin cast 16 delegate votes in favor of James A. Garfield, a "dark horse" candidate. Immediately, on the 35th ballot, James New and future President Benjamin Harrison brought 27 of the 30 Indiana delegates over to Garfield, starting a stampede at the convention that ended in the nomination of James A. Garfield as the Republican nominee for President.
In 1882, John New was again elected chairman of the Indiana Republican Party. He continued to serve in this position until he was appointed the First Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, a position he held from 1882 to 1883. New also served as U.S. consul general in London from 1889 to 1893.
New died in Indianapolis on June 4, 1906, and was buried at Crown Hill Cemetery.
# William Larimer Jr.

William Larimer Jr. (October 24, 1809 – May 16, 1875) was an American businessman, investor, militia general, and politician who is best known as the founder of Denver, Colorado, in 1858. Larimer often went by "General Larimer", having acquired the title in the Pennsylvania Militia.

## Biography

Larimer was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and made his first fortune in the railroad industry in Pittsburgh. He became a land speculator in the 1850s in the Kansas Territory, founding a homestead in Leavenworth where he lived with his wife and nine children. In 1858, Larimer helped found the Denver City Land Company with the intention of creating a new city in the western part of the territory.
On November 22, 1858, Larimer arrived at a hill overlooking the confluence of Cherry Creek and the South Platte River. The site was across Cherry Creek from the existing settlement of Auraria, founded by William Greenburry Russell who is credited with starting the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. Larimer staked his claim by laying cottonwood logs along a square-mile parcel of land on the hill. Larimer chose the name "Denver City" to honor the governor of the Kansas Territory, James W. Denver, with the intention that the city would become the county seat of Arapaho County. In a letter dated February 1859, he had declared that "I am Denver City."
Larimer planned the site and aggressively sold tracts to miners and other migrants traveling through the Rocky Mountains. In the first years, tracts were often traded for grubstakes and in gambling. In 1860, all of the stockholders of Denver City merged with their rivals in Auraria, forming one city under the name Denver. Larimer was instrumental in the formation of the Colorado Territory in 1861, and in making Denver its capital. He anticipated being named the first governor of the territory, but was disappointed when Abraham Lincoln gave the appointment to William Gilpin of Missouri, in part as a favor to the governor of the state. After this unexpected turn of events, Larimer became a United States commissioner and a judge of probate for the First Judicial District of Colorado. During the Civil War, he became a colonel for the Third Regiment of Colorado Volunteers, and after returned to Kansas.
After serving as a Kansas state senator from 1867 until 1870, Larimer retired to his family farm in Leavenworth, Kansas, where he died in 1875. He is commemorated in the city he helped found by Larimer Street in downtown, as well as Larimer Square. He is also commemorated by Larimer County, Colorado, in the northern part of the state, and by the Larimer neighborhood in Pittsburgh.
# Decebalus treasure

The Decebalus treasure is an account detailed by Cassius Dio about events said to have happened in the Roman world during the 2nd century AD.

## Story

During the Second Dacian War (105–106), many Dacian nobles surrendered or were caught. One of them, Bicilis, disclosed the location of a treasure, supposedly buried at the bottom of a river.
   "The treasures of Decebalus were also discovered, though hidden beneath the river Sargetia, which ran past his palace. With the help of some captives Decebalus had diverted the course of the river, made an excavation in its bed, and into the cavity had thrown a large amount of silver and gold and other objects of great value that could stand a certain amount of moisture; then he had heaped stones over them and piled on earth, afterwards bringing the river back into his course. He also had caused the same captives to deposit his robes and other articles of a like nature in caves, and after accomplishing this had made away with them to prevent them from disclosing anything. But Bicilis, a companion of his who knew what had been done, was seized and gave information about these things."
According to the story, the Dacian king Decebalus (reigned 87–106) used Roman prisoners to deviate the course of the Sargetia river and buried a treasure at the bottom. He buried "so much silver and gold and some other artefacts who can survive moisture", after which the river was returned to its original course. The rest of the treasure was deposited in surrounding caves, and the Roman prisoners were slaughtered.

## Sources

T. Statilius Crito of Heraclea, Trajan's procurator and medic, compiling a Getica, wrote that the Decebalus treasure included 5,000,000 lbs (2,200 tonnes) of gold and 10,000,000 lbs (4,500 tonnes) of silver. Some modern historians, such as Julian Bennett, believe that this is a copy error.
Jérôme Carcopino has estimated the treasure at 165,500 kg of gold and 331,000 kg of silver. Between 1540 and 1759, in Sarmizegetusa Regia, 700 kg of gold was discovered, and much more was found in the 19th century.
The Roman claim that they looted in a single hoard 165 tons of gold and 300 tons of silver is accepted by some historians. This amount is perhaps credible in terms of the massive Dacian exploitation of precious metals in the Apuseni Mountains, along with trade payments and tributes from abroad (including from the Roman empire) paid to Dacia. Also, its existence in one spot suggests that the Dacian state had central control of precious metal circulation.