OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# N-Methyltaurine

N-Methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) is an aminosulfonic acid which is present as a zwitterion in the crystalline state and in polar solvents (just like amino acids). In contrast to the widespread taurine, N-methyltaurine has been found in nature only in red algae, where it is formed by methylation of taurine. It is suitable for esterification (actually amide formation) with long-chain carboxylic acids to taurides (acylaminoethansulfonaten) because of its high polarity and the relatively good solubility of its alkaline earth metal salts, which are also used as mild anionic surfactants.

## Preparation

The synthesis of N-methyltaurine was reported as early as 1878, with methylamine being reacted with the silver salt of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid. An obvious modification for this reaction is the replacement of the silver salt of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid by the sodium salt of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid. The addition of methylamine to sodium vinylsulfonate in aqueous solution gives N-methyltaurine in 85% yield after acidification with acetic acid. The purification of the crude product and preparation of the N-methyltaurine can also be accomplished by passage of the sodium salt solution through a cation exchange resin in its H form and then through an anion exchange resin in its OH form. The reaction of sodium isethionate with methylamine in water at high temperature and pressure yields the sodium salt of N-methyltaurine
which yields pure N-methyltaurine upon saturation with CO$_2$ and removal of the precipitated sodium bicarbonate.

## Properties

N-Methyltaurine is a white powdery solid which is readily soluble in water.

## Use

N-Methyltaurine (or its sodium salt) is used as a polar head group in surfactants from the class of taurides (acylaminoethanesulfonates), sometimes also called methyltaurates. The Taurides are characterized by excellent foaming - even in the presence of oil and skin fats - and foam stability, with good skin compatibility and broad pH stability. The market breakthrough for N-methyltaurine as a hair restorer is still pending.
# Big blue blanket

The big blue blanket was an air defense system devised by John Thach during World War II for protecting American warships from attack by Japanese kamikazes.

## History and tactics

As the American island hopping campaign got closer to Japan, the Japanese military began to employ suicide operations more extensively. As Allied losses mounted, a system for countering incoming suicide aircraft was developed.
   Thach, serving on Admiral Halsey's and Admiral McCain's staff as air operations officer, developed a plan that called for the constant presence of the blue-painted Hellcats and Corsairs over the fleet at all hours. He recommended larger combat air patrols (CAP) stationed farther away from the carriers, a line of picket destroyers and destroyer escorts placed 50 or more miles from the main body of the fleet to provide earlier radar intercepts, and improved coordination between the fighter director officers on board the carriers. Thach also called for dawn-to-dusk fighter sweeps over Japanese airfields, and the use of delayed action fuses on bombs dropped on runways to make repairs more difficult,
The system left the picket ships extremely vulnerable to kamikaze attacks, but it gave more protection to aircraft carriers and troopships.
The system had an immediate effect. During its use in the Liberation of the Philippines, "Despite an unopposed dry landing, 'suicide boats' and two hundred kamikazes made Mindoro's D-plus days as costly as Anzio's. Only saturation flights (called the "Big Blue Blanket") over Luzon airfields by Halsey's Task Force Thirty-Eight secured Mindoro."
# Eric Mahlum

Eric Arnold Mahlum (born December 6, 1970) is an American former professional football player who played his entire career as an offensive guard for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL) from 1994 to 1997. He played college football for the California Golden Bears and was selected in the second round of the 1994 NFL draft. Mahlum was the Football coach at Liberty High School in Hillsboro Oregon from 2008 to 2023. He had a 92–89 record.
# Sándor Festetics

Count Sándor Ágost Dénes Festetics de Tolna (31 May 1882 – 12 September 1956) was a Hungarian nobleman and cabinet minister who later became an advocate of Nazism in Hungary.

## Background

Coming from one of Hungary's leading families (his father was Andor Festetics), Count Festetics was amongst those chosen to serve in the cabinet of Mihály Károlyi, being appointed Minister of Defence in 1918. Although this was to prove ill-fated, Festetics remained committed to parliamentary politics, becoming a supporter of István Bethlen.

## Politics and embrace of Nazism

After a spell away from politics, Festetics, who had become convinced of Nazism, took charge of the tiny Hungarian National Socialist Peoples Party in 1933, using the fortune he had inherited from his uncle Prince Tasziló to seek to expand the group. This party was effectively a copy of the Nazi Party, taking over most of its 25 point programme. By 1934, he had come together with Zoltán Meskó and Fidél Pálffy to form an alliance of their movements. Before long, however, he was expelled as his commitment to anti-Semitism was seen to be weak; Festetics had continued to employ Jews on his estates.
He then became associated with minor movements led by István Balogh and Kálmán Hubay, sitting in parliament from 1935 until his retirement in 1939 under various labels.
In keeping with some of his contemporaries who preached against the influence of the Jews, Festetics was attracted to the idea of Zionism as a solution to what he saw as the Jewish problem in Europe. Indeed, in a 1934 session of Parliament, he announced that the Zionists should be encouraged because all people, including the Jews, had a right to live in their own land, and revealed that he had even allowed a Zionist organisation to use his land for an agricultural training programme for a group of Jewish youths who were preparing to migrate to Palestine.

## Retirement from politics

Festetics brought an end to his political career in 1939. He took no active part in politics during the Second World War, and died a private citizen at his home near Lake Balaton in 1956.
# Csaba Hende

Csaba Hende (born 5 February 1960) is a Hungarian politician who served as Minister of Defence of Hungary from 29 May 2010 to 9 September 2015 when he resigned.
Hende was born in Szombathely in 1960. In 1983 he graduated in law at the Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, then practiced as a lawyer in his hometown of Szombathely. Beginning in 1988, he was a member of Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF). In 1991 he joined the government as parliamentary secretary of state of the Defence Ministry. During the rule of socialist-liberal cabinet (1994–1998) he returned to practice law in Szombathely. In the first government of Viktor Orbán he served as Secretary of State in the Ministry of Justice. At the beginning of the 21st century, he held high functions in the MDF party (including Vice-President), but in 2004 he joined Fidesz. In 2006 and 2010 he was re-elected to the National Assembly on behalf of Fidesz in Vas County. Hende was appointed Minister of Defence in 2010.
His first measure as minister was the replacement of the Chief of General Staff of the Armed Forces general (OF-9) László Tömböl and more high-rank military officers. The Hungarian Socialist Party criticized the decision as incomprehensible. Hende justified his step with the fact that many tax evasions and maladministration happened in the army under the previous government. He said that he would restore the honour and prestige of the Hungarian Defence Forces.
On 7 September 2015, Hende resigned his post after the armed forces, which he oversaw as minister, were building the Hungarian border barrier (to keep migrants and refugees out of Hungary) too slowly. He was replaced by István Simicskó on 10 September.
On 2 October 2017, Hende was appointed Chairman of the Legislative Committee in the Hungarian Parliament, and thus also became Deputy Speaker for Legislation.

## Personal life

He is married. His first wife was Szilvia Stiber. They had two daughters together, Júlia and Borbála. His second wife is Mónika Szajlai.
# Ferenc Juhász (politician)

Ferenc Juhász (born 6 July 1960 in Nyíregyháza) is a former Minister of Defence for Hungary. From 1990, he has been a member of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), and from 2000 the vice chairman of the party. He was the Minister of National Defense in Hungary from 27 May 2002 to 9 June 2006. He was also Member of Parliament between 1994 and 2014.
The Central Prosecutor's Office opened an investigation on suspicion of embezzlement against Juhász and his former State Secretary László Fapál on 13 July 2012. According to the indictment Juhász undersold a ministry-owned apartment to Fapál around 2005 or 2006, which caused an estimated damage of 43 million Ft to the Ministry of Defence. Juhász told MTI his accusation was "obviously acting on political pressure". In February 2014, both politicians were acquitted.

## Personal life

He is married. His wife is Csilla Szendrák.
# Lengpui

Lengpui is a census town in Mamit district in the Indian state of Mizoram.

## Climate

Climate data for Lengpui (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.8 (91.0) | 33.8 (92.8) | 36.2 (97.2) | 38.8 (101.8) | 36.8 (98.2) | 35.8 (96.4) | 35.7 (96.3) | 35.5 (95.9) | 35.7 (96.3) | 34.7 (94.5) | 32.8 (91.0) | 30.9 (87.6) | 38.8 (101.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.8 (76.6) | 27.6 (81.7) | 31.0 (87.8) | 32.3 (90.1) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.2 (88.2) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.9 (85.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 29.6 (85.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.3 (59.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 20.7 (69.3) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.2 (68.4) | 15.4 (59.7) | 11.1 (52.0) | 17.7 (63.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) | 4.4 (39.9) | 7.8 (46.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 15.3 (59.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.2 (66.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 16.5 (61.7) | 12.4 (54.3) | 7.3 (45.1) | 5.3 (41.5) | 4.4 (39.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 6.9 (0.27) | 13.2 (0.52) | 58.7 (2.31) | 208.8 (8.22) | 330.7 (13.02) | 373.6 (14.71) | 348.6 (13.72) | 372.5 (14.67) | 344.2 (13.55) | 197.1 (7.76) | 26.4 (1.04) | 10.1 (0.40) | 2,290.9 (90.19) |
| Average rainy days | 0.8 | 1.4 | 3.2 | 9.9 | 15.1 | 16.6 | 17.7 | 18.7 | 15.9 | 9.6 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 111.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 72 | 58 | 53 | 60 | 71 | 81 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 80 | 80 | 74 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Lengpui had a population of 3282.

## Economy

The main Economy of Lengpui is Agriculture, the other main big employers are Lengpui Airport. St. Xavier's College, Lengpui has started since 2017 and National Institute of Technology Mizoram campus construction is in progress in Lengpui . Krishi Vigyan Kendra or KVK (Farm Science Centre) of Mamit District is also located in the town.
# Tolgahan Sayışman

Turgut Tolgahan Sayışman (born 7 December 1981) is a Turkish actor and model. who rose to fame after winning the Manhunt International competition in 2005 in South Korea.

## Life and career

Sayışman was born on 17 December 1981 in Istanbul, Turkey. His father is a muhacir from Thessaloniki and his mother is from Trabzon. He graduated from Kadıköy İntaş High School and Doğuş University, Faculty of Business Administration. Sayışman was the runner-up in the Best Model of Turkey competition in 2002. In 2005, he won the Manhunt International men's beauty contest in South Korea, representing Turkey.
He came to attention for playing the character "Namık" in the hit series Elveda Rumeli, about Turks in Macedonia when the Ottoman Empire lost its European lands. He joined Acemi Cadı, the Turkish adaptation of "Sabrina The Teenage Witch", and Kavak Yelleri, adaptation of "Dawson's Creek", as well as "Hepsi 1" series of Hepsi girls music group. He played as Çınar Ilgaz in the series Lale Devri and in Yer Gök Aşk alongside Serenay Sarıkaya, Selen Soyder.
He was a cast in the period film "Sürgün" and "Bizans Oyunları" a remake of period comedy "Kahpe Bizans". He was in films Aşk Tutulması alongside Fahriye Evcen, Aşk Geliyorum Demez alongside Bergüzar Korel, Eski Sevgili alongside Bade İşçil and Aynasız Haluk.

## Filmography

| Year | Production | Role |
| 2008 | Aşk Tutulması | Uğur |
| 2009 | Aşk Geliyorum Demez | Ali |
| 2014 | Sürgün | Sedat |
| 2015 | Mazlum Kuzey | Tolgahan |
| 2016 | Bizans Oyunları | Prens Adonis |
| 2017 | Eski Sevgili | Barış |
| 2022 | Aynasız Haluk | Haluk- Efe |
| Year | Production | Role |
| 2006 | Acemi Cadı | Guest |
| 2006 | Esir Kalpler | Levent Ertekin |
| 2006 | Maçolar | Tuncay |
| 2007 | Dicle | Ferhat |
| 2007–2009 | Elveda Rumeli | Namık/Mustafa |
| 2007 | Hepsi1 | Ali Koş |
| 2009 | Kavak Yelleri | |
| 2010–2014 | Lale Devri | Çınar Ilgaz |
| 2011 | Yer Gök Aşk | Çınar Ilgaz |
| 2015–2016 | Asla Vazgeçmem | Yiğit Kozan |
| 2017–2018 | Siyah Inci | Kenan Celebi |
| 2018 | Bir Umut Yeter | Yılmaz Karabey |
| 2019–2020 | Şampiyon | Fırat Bölükbaşı |
| 2020 | Şeref Sözü | Cihan Adabeyli |
| 2022–2023 | Barbaros Hayreddin: Sultanın Fermanı | Barbaros Hayreddin Pasha |
# Estadi Palamós Costa Brava

The Estadi Municipal Palamós Costa Brava is a multi-use stadium located in Palamós, Catalonia, Spain. It is currently used for football matches and is the home stadium of Palamós CF.

## History

Palamós Costa Brava was inaugurated on 29 August 1989 under the name of Nou Estadi Municipal de Palamós, being the new home stadium of Palamós CF and replacing Camp de Cervantes. Its first match was a 2–1 friendly win against neighbours FC Barcelona on the same day.
The stadium's first competitive match took charge on 10 September, a 1–1 draw against Levante UD for the Segunda División championship. This was the club's most successful period, as it remained in the second level for six consecutive campaigns.
On 7 July 2014 the stadium was named as the new home ground of UE Llagostera for the following five seasons, as the club's stadium, Estadi Municipal de Llagostera, didn't meet the LFP criteria. On 2 August, it was renamed to Estadi Municipal Palamós Costa Brava.
In the 2015 summer, the stadium was renovated by adding seats in all the stands, and had its capacity reduced to 3,724 spectators. On 27 July 2021, Llagostera announced that the club would play in the stadium again for the ensuing campaign; four days later, the club changed name to UE Costa Brava.

## International Football Matches

| Date | Competition | Team | Res | Team |
| 11 Sep 2018 | International Friendly | United Arab Emirates | 3-0 | Laos |
# A Royal Divorce (1938 film)

A Royal Divorce is a 1938 British historical drama film directed by Jack Raymond and starring Ruth Chatterton, Pierre Blanchar and Frank Cellier. The film portrays the complex relationship between Napoleon I of France and his wife, Josephine Bonaparte from their first meeting until their divorce more than a decade later. It was shot at Denham Studios in Buckinghamshire. The film's sets were designed by the art director David Rawnsley.

## Cast

* Ruth Chatterton as Josephine de Beauharnais
* Pierre Blanchar as Napoleon Bonaparte
* Frank Cellier as Talleyrand
* Carol Goodner as Mme. Tallien
* Auriol Lee as Napoleon's Mother
* George Curzon as Barras
* Laurence Hanray as Klemens von Metternich
* John Laurie as Joseph Bonaparte
* Jack Hawkins as Captain Charles
* Rosalyn Boulter as Hortense
* Allan Jeayes as Marat
* Moran Caplat as Eugene
* Romilly Lunge as Junot
* Hubert Harben as DeTracy
* David Farrar as Louis Bonaparte
* Julian Somers as Lucien Bonaparte
* Sonia Carol as Eliza
* Tamara d'Etter as Pauline
* Ivy Shannon as Caroline

## Critical reception

TV Guide called the film a "mediocre adaptation", while Allmovie wrote, "in terms of costumes and settings, A Royal Divorce is authentic to a fault; in terms of adherence to the facts, it's a bit shaky, though undeniably dramatic.
# Jagdishpur (disambiguation)

Jagdishpur may refer to:
* Jagdishpur, a city and subdivision of Bhojpur district, Bihar, India
** Jagdishpur estate, a princely estate in British India
** Jagdishpur, Bihar Assembly constituency, a constituency of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
** Jagdishpur Halt railway station
* Jagdishpur (Industrial Area) near Amethi, Uttar Pradesh, India
** Jagdishpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency, a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
* Jagdishpur Reservoir, a reservoir in Kapilvastu district, Nepal
* Jagdishpur, Dih, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
* Jagdishpur, Sultanpur, a town in Uttar Pradesh, India
* Jagdishpur, Bhopal, a village in Madhya Pradesh, India; also known as Islamnagar
* Puri, a city in Odisha, India; as the home of the Jagannath Temple, Puri also known as Jagdishpur and Jagannath Puri
# UFC Fight Night: Allen vs. Craig

UFC Fight Night: Allen vs. Craig (also known as UFC Fight Night 232, UFC on ESPN+ 90 and UFC Vegas 82) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that took place on November 18, 2023, at the UFC Apex facility in Enterprise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, United States.

## Background

A middleweight bout between former LFA Middleweight Champion Brendan Allen and Paul Craig headlined the event.
A featherweight bout between Jeka Saragih and Jesse Butler was scheduled for this event. However, Butler withdrew due to injury and was briefly replaced by Charlie Campbell. The promotion then announced that Lucas Alexander would step in and face Saragih instead. At the weigh-ins, Alexander weighed in at 148 pounds, two pounds over the featherweight non-title fight limit. The bout proceeded at catchweight with Alexander being fined 20% of his purse which went to Saragih.
A middleweight bout between promotional newcomer César Almeida and Christian Leroy Duncan was scheduled for the event. However, Almeida was pulled out from the event for medical reasons. He was replaced by Denis Tiuliulin.
Jonny Parsons was expected to face Uroš Medić in a welterweight bout at the event. However, Parsons was pulled out due to undisclosed reasons and was replaced by promotional newcomer Myktybek Orolbai.
At the weigh-ins, Rafael Estevam weighed in at 128 pounds, two pounds over the flyweight non-title fight limit. The fight proceeded at catchweight with Estevam being fined 20% of his purse which went to his opponent Charles Johnson.

## Results

* ↑ Originally a technical submission (arm-triangle choke) win for Ogden; overturned after review due to a referee error.

## Bonus awards

The following fighters received $50,000 bonuses.
* Fight of the Night: No bonus awarded.
* Performance of the Night: Brendan Allen, Amanda Ribas, Joanderson Brito, and Jeka Saragih
# Mariya Fadeyeva

Mariya Ivanovna Fadeyeva (Russian: Мари́я Ива́новна Фаде́ева; born 4 March 1958) is a Russian former rower who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Hugh Geoghegan

Hugh Geoghegan (16 May 1938 – 7 July 2024) was an Irish judge who served on the Supreme Court from 2000 to 2010 and on the High Court from 1992 to 2000.

## Early life

Geoghegan was born on 16 May 1938. His father James Geoghegan was a judge of the Supreme Court. He attended secondary school at Clongowes Wood College and received BCL and LLB degrees from University College Dublin. At UCD, he was the auditor of the University College Dublin Law Society between 1960 and 1961. He studied at the King's Inns in order to become a barrister.

## Legal career

Geoghegan was called to the Bar in 1962, becoming a senior counsel in 1977, practising in Dublin and the Midland Circuit. He was also called to the bar in Northern Ireland and in England and Wales.
Geoghegan was a Public Service Arbitrator from 1982 to 1992. In the 1980s he served on the Circuit Court Rules Committee. He also appeared before the tribunal of inquiry into the Stardust fire. He chaired a commission which recommended the formation of the Labour Relations Commission.
He was a bencher of Middle Temple.

## Judicial career

Geoghegan was appointed to the High Court in December 1992. He was elevated to the Supreme Court of Ireland in 2000, replacing Donal Barrington. He was appointed on 7 March 2000. He retired in May 2010 and was replaced by Liam McKechnie.
In his retirement he presided over citizenship ceremonies.

## Personal life

Hugh Geoghegan was married to Mary Finlay Geoghegan who also served as a judge of the Supreme Court, with whom he had two daughters and a son, James Geoghegan, who became Lord Mayor of Dublin shortly before his father's death.
Geoghegan died on 7 July 2024, at the age of 86.
# Khlong Damnoen Saduak

Khlong Damnoen Saduak (Thai: คลองดำเนินสะดวก, pronounced) is a canal in western central Thailand. It links the Tha Chin and Mae Klong rivers, and has a length of approximately 35 km. The canal was built by order of King Mongkut. It was finished in 1868.
The most famous site along the canal is the Damnoen Saduak Floating Market. At the mouth of the canal to the Mae Klong is the catholic Nativity of Our Lady Cathedral, the principal church of the Diocese of Ratchaburi.
Khlong Damnoen Saduak is the longest straight man-made canal in Thailand, throughout the length of the canal, there is a milestone indicating the distance, which has a total of eight milestones. The distance of these milestones has also become the name of variously communities settled down along the waterways, such as Lak Sam (third milestone), Lak Ha (fifth milestone) in Ban Phaeo, Samut Sakhon, etc.
In addition to connecting the Tha Chin and Mae Klong rivers, Khlong Damnoen Saduak is also bridged to Khlong Phasi Charoen as well, which is the route leading to the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok. In the past, some vendors rowed boats from Damnoen Saduak or neighbouring districts to sell their goods at the pier in front of Wat Kanlayanamit in Bangkok's Thonburi side.
13°30′N 99°55′E﻿ / ﻿13.500°N 99.917°E﻿ / 13.500; 99.917
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# Miliusa tomentosa

Miliusa tomentosa is a large deciduous tree with 15–20 metre height. It is commonly known as wooly miliusa. The native range of this species is Indian subcontinent. It is a tree and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

## Description

Woolly miliusa is a large deciduous tree, growing up to 20 m tall. Bark is blackish brown. Leaves are thick leathery, ovate, oblong, 4–10 cm long, 2–5.5 cm broad, smooth above, softly hairy below, base rounded, margin entire, tip pointed, leaf-stalk 2–5 mm. Flowers are greenish, 1.5 cm across, solitary or in pairs opposite the leaf. Sepals are about 4 mm long, linear-lanceshaped. Petals are 3+3, abount 6 mm long, outer petals sepal-like, inner ones oblong to obovate. Fruits are dark purple, nearly spherical, 8–17 arranged in a ring, 2–3 cm across, stalk 1–1.5 cm long, seeds 3–4. Flowering: May–June.

## Taxonomy

It belongs to the family Annonaceae.

## Biochemistry

A qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis of dried leaves of this plant revealed the presence of carbohydrate, protein, cardiac glycoside, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, anthraquinones, tannins, quinines and inorganic compounds.

## Uses

The oil from its seeds is used in Chinese traditional medicine for its antibacterial and analgesic properties.

## Insect food plant

Butterflies such as tawny rajah, tailed jay, common jay, spot swordtail, narrow banded bluebottle etc. Feed on the leaves of this tree.