OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Khabul Khan

Khabul Khan (Mongolian: Хабул хан; Chinese: 合不勒), also rendered as Qabul Khan, Kabul Khan and Khabul Khagan, (b. 1090s/1100 – d. 1130 CE.) was the founder and first known Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation and great-grandfather of Genghis Khan, and brother of Khaduli Barlas, who was in turn the ancestor of Timur. He was the son and successor of Tumbinai Khan.

## Family and background

Khabul Khan was a son of Tumbinai Khan and great-grandson of the Khaidu. He was the head of the Borjigin obog.

## Campaigns

Khabul Khan became quite notable for his clashes with the Jurchens, a people who lived in Manchuria and who later established the Jin dynasty in 1115, gradually taking control over the region. In alliance with the Chinese Song dynasty, they attacked the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, and by 1122 had captured a significant portion of Liao territory. In 1135, Khabul Khan was invited to the court of the Emperor Taizong of Jin, where he famously pulled the emperor's beard. The Jin army pursued him into southern Mongolia, but Khabul eluded capture and returned with a larger army to pillage the Jin dynasty.
When the Jin army entered Mongolia with the intention of conquering the territories ruled by the Emperor Dezong of Liao, the founder of the Qara Khitai, or Western Liao dynasty, it was Khabul Khan who organized a Mongol confederation and led the successful effort to repel this invasion.
The confederation was called the Khamag Mongol ("Whole Mongol") and consisted of the four core clans: Khiyad, Taichuud, Jalairs, and Jurkhin. It is sometime considered a predecessor state of Genghis Khan's empire. When the Jurchen accepted their defeat, they recognized Khabul Khan, in 1146 or 1147, as the paramount ruler of the Mongols, although they still officially considered him their vassal.
Khabul Khan has been described as having expanded his Mongol tribe and achieved incredible triumph in suppressing the Tatar tribes, an accomplishment in which he was aided by his son Yasukai. His reign saw the first attempts to politically unify the Mongols.
Though Khabul Khan had 7 sons, he nominated Ambaghai, a son of Sengun Bilge from the Taichuud clan, as his successor.

## Descendants and legacy

Khabul Khan had seven sons, the oldest being Okin-barkhakh and the second oldest Bartan the Valiant. Bartan, in turn, fathered Yesugei, the father of Genghis Khan. Khabul Khan's third son was Mongler, who fathered Buri the wrestler.
# Grachtenfestival

Grachtenfestival is a 10-day classical music festival on Amsterdam's canals. It includes more than 150 musical performances from barges, architectural tours, and performances from the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. The first edition was organised in 1998.
In 2015, the festival received over 54.000 visitors.
# Aurora X-65 CRANE

The Aurora X-65 CRANE is an experimental aircraft that is currently under development. In charge are the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Boeing subsidiary Aurora Flight Sciences.

## Purpose

Purpose of the X-65 aircraft is to demonstrate the feasibility of Active Flow Control (AFC). AFC utilizes bursts of air rather than moving flight control surfaces on the exterior of the wings and tail to control its flight.

## History

Aurora Flight Sciences embarked on the development of an experimental X-plane, as part of the DARPA's CRANE programme, in November 2020. Wind tunnel testing was also conducted in San Diego, California, in May 2022. DARPA allocated funds for the detailed engineering design of a full-scale X-plane in December 2022. Aurora Flight Sciences was commissioned to construct a full-scale X-plane in January 2024.

## Acronym

The acronym CRANE refers to a DARPA programme called Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors. DARPA announced the X-65 designation on its social media accounts on 15 May 2023.
# Mercurius Hungaricus

Mercurius Hungaricus (Hungarian: Magyar Merkúr), later Mercurius Veridicus ex Hungaria was the first periodical newspaper in the Kingdom of Hungary, published between 1705 and 1710 (only seven issues). It was a semiofficial news release for the Rákóczi's War of Independence, the articles were written in mostly Latin language.
# Harvey Sicherman

Harvey Sicherman (1945–2010) was an American writer and foreign policy expert. He served as the President and Director of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, located in Philadelphia, from 1993 until 2010. His interests lay in the analysis of U.S. foreign policy and national security, as well as in the areas of Western Europe, the Middle East, and International Economics. Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1945, Sicherman died on December 25, 2010.

## Education

In 1966, Sicherman earned a B.A. in History from the University of Scranton and completed his Ph.D. in Political Science in 1971 at the University of Pennsylvania, where he received the Salvatori Fellowship.

## Career

Sicherman served as the Associate Director for Research at the Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) from 1978 through 1980. He then served as Special Assistant to the then Secretary of State, Alexander Haig, from 1981 to 1982. Following this, from 1982 to 1987, Sicherman was a consultant for the Secretary of the Navy, John F. Lehman, Jr. and in 1988, he was a consultant for Secretary of State George Shultz. From 1991 to 1992, Sicherman was a member of the Policy Planning Staff of Secretary of State James A. Baker, III.
# Total Devastation (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Total Devastation is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Total Devastation. It was released on May 18, 1993 through PGA Records.

## Track listing

* Legalize Today! - 1:06
* Hemp Rally - 4:04
* Many Clouds of Smoke - 5:28
* Da Soopa Doopa - 4:04
* Fat Blunt Caper (featuring Da Rhymeskeme) - 5:21
* Da Horny Man - 2:22
* Wonderful World Of Skins - 3:30
* Come Again - 3:00
* Cloud Nine - 3:51
* The D.G.F. Style (featuring Flymar & Whoop "D" Wham) - 5:35
* You'll Get Blasted - 3:20
* Zooted (featuring Nappy) - 5:44
* Hemp Hemp Hooray (Relegalize Today) (featuring Michael M. of H.E.M.P.) - 3:45
* Many Clouds of Smoke (Remix) - 5:28

## Charts

| Chart (1993–94) | Peak position |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 82 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 17 |
# Woldiya Stadium

Woldia Stadium (Amharic: ወልድያ ስታዲየም), officially known as Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Ali al-Amoudi Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Weldiya, Amhara Region, Ethiopia with a capacity of 25,155. It has been the home of Woldia City and Woldia S.C. since its construction in 2017. The stadium is a part of a larger complex housing many other Athletic facilities.

## History

The construction of Woldia Stadium was started in 2010 through the collaboration of local residents and business tycoon Mohammed Al Amoudi. The construction was started with the hope of completion in 5 years. As of 2016, the final touches are being applied.
Inside of the stadium
With the completion of the Woldia Stadium, there is a new hope that Ethiopia will host continental competitions like the Africa Cup of Nations.

## Structures and Facilities

Excluding the main complex, the stadium has adjacent facilities including tennis courts, a basketball court, an Olympic size swimming pool, a volleyball field, a handball court and guest houses.
# 1998 Bob Save Superbowl

The 1998 Bob Save Superbowl was the 1998 season of the South African club football (soccer) knockout tournament, then known as the Bob Save Superbowl for sponsorship reasons.
Mamelodi Sundowns and Orlando Pirates qualified for the final, played on 17 May 1998. The game ended 1–1. However, a replay could not be scheduled in time due to preparations for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, and was only held two months later, on July 25. The game again ended 1–1, with Sundowns triumphing 6–5 on penalties earning a league and cup double after Sundowns won the 1997–98 Premiership.
# Finn Alnæs

Finn Alnæs (20 January 1932 – 3 November 1991) was a Norwegian novelist. He was born in Bærum. He made his literary debut with the novel Koloss (1963).
Alnæs was awarded the Norwegian Booksellers' Prize and the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature in 1968 for the novel Gemini. Both his books Koloss and Gemini were nominated for the Nordic Council's Literature Prize, but did not win the prize.

## Awards

* Norwegian Booksellers' Prize 1968
* Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature 1968
# Mac Buttram

Mac Buttram (born July 5, 1947) is an American politician who served in the Alabama House of Representatives from the 12th district from 2010 to 2014.
# Lathyrus latifolius

Lathyrus latifolius, the perennial peavine, perennial pea, broad-leaved everlasting-pea, or just everlasting pea, is a robust, sprawling herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae. It is native to Europe but is present on other continents, such as North America and Australia, where it is most often seen along roadsides.

## Morphology

Lathyrus latifolius has winged hairless stems, and alternating blue green compound leaves consisting of a single pair of leaflets and a winged petiole about 2 inches (51 mm) long. The leaflets are narrowly ovate or oblong-ovate, smooth along the margins, hairless and up to 3 in (76 mm) long and 1 in (25 mm) across. There is a branched tendril between the leaflets.

### Racemes

Short racemes of 4–11 flowers are produced from the axils of the leaves. The flowers, which are unscented, are about 3⁄4–1 in (19–25 mm) across with a typical structure for Faboideae, with an upper standard and lower keel, enclosed by lateral petals. There are 5 petals, which are purplish pink, fading with age. There is a green calyx with 5 teeth, often unequal. The blooming period lasts about 2 months during the summer and early autumn.

### Seeds

The flowers are followed by hairless flattened seedpods, about 2 in (51 mm) long and 1⁄2 in (13 mm) wide, with several seeds inside. The seedpod, which is initially green, gradually turns brown, splitting open into curled segments, flinging out the seeds. The seeds are dark and oblong to reniform in shape.

## Reproduction

Lathyrus latifolius can reproduce vegetatively from its taproot and rhizomes, or by reseeding.

## Cultivation and habits

Lathyrus latifolius is a perennial herbaceous vine (climber), which can reach 6 feet or more by means of twining tendrils, but in open areas sprawls. It is frost-hardy, long-lived, and slowly spreading. The foliage becomes rather ragged and yellowish by the end of summer.
It requires partial to full sun, and loam or clay-loam soil that is moist, mesic, or slightly dry. Unlike the related annual sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus, with which it may be confused, it has no scent. While grown as a garden plant it may be pervasive and difficult to remove. Because of this, this species is often considered to be a weed despite its attractive appearance.
Numerous cultivars have been selected as garden subjects, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
* L. latifolius (pink)
* 'Albus' (white)
* 'Rosa Perle' (pale pink)
* 'White Pearl' (white)

## Relations to insect life

Bumblebees pollinate the flowers. Butterflies visit the flowers for their nectar, but do not pollinate. Epicauta fabricii (Fabricius blister beetle), the caterpillars of Apantesis phyllira (Oithona tiger moth) and some herbivores feed on the leaves. However, the seeds are poisonous.
# Dorcadion carinipenne

Dorcadion carinipenne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1900.
# International Classification of Primary Care

The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) is a classification method for primary care encounters. The ICPC-3 strives to be a person centered classification for Primary Care, building on the foundations of the ICPC-2. It includes references to existing international standards such as ICD-10, ICD-11, ICF as well as SNOMED CT clinical terminology. It provides a framework for documenting and organizing clinical data from primary care patient contacts.
The ICPC-3 includes codes for the four key elements of healthcare encounters:
* the reason for the encounter (RFE);
* the diagnosis and/or health problem;
* functioning (i.e. information about activities/participation, physiological functions and about personal and environmental factors related to the health problem);
* processes of care.

## History

The ICPC was developed by the WONCA International Classification Committee (WICC), and was first published in 1987 by Oxford University Press (OUP). A revision and inclusion of criteria and definitions was published in 1998. The second revision was accepted within the World Health Organization's (WHO) Family of International Classifications. The third revision, ICPC-3, has been adopted by WONCA in December 2020 and endorsed on April 16, 2021 during the WONCA Executive meeting.
The classification was developed in a context of increasing demand for quality information on primary care as part of growing worldwide attention to global primary health care objectives, including the WHO's target of "health for all".
The first version of ICPC, which was published in 1987, is referred to as ICPC-1. A subsequent revision which was published in the 1993 publication The International Classification of Primary Care in the European Community: With a Multi-Language Layer is known as ICPC-E.
The 1998 publication, of version 2, is referred to as ICPC-2. The acronym ICPC-2-E, refers to a revised electronic version, which was released in 2000.
The ICPC-3 Project started January 2018 and published the ICPC-3 in 2020. ICPC-3 supports coding of reason(s) for encounter, symptoms and complaints, diagnoses, health problems, functioning, environmental factors, personal factors related to health and processes of care, all within one classification.

## Browsers

The following versions of the ICPC are available at the ICPC-3 Website :
* ICPC-1e (version 1.0)
* ICPC-2e (version 7.0)
* ICPC-3 (International 2024 version)
* ICPC-3 (Portuguese 2024 version)
# Taihe, Hechuan District

Taihe (Chinese: 太和; pinyin: Tàihé) is a town under the administration of Hechuan District, Chongqing, China. As of 2020, it administers the following three residential neighborhoods and 21 villages:

## Neighborhoods

* Sichouyuan Community (丝绸园社区)
* Mamenxi Community (马门溪社区)
* Daheba Community (大河坝社区)

## Villages

* Taihe Village
* Tangjia Village (唐家村)
* Fuxing Village (复兴村)
* Wangxian Village (望仙村)
* Shiling Village (石岭村)
* Fujin Village (富金村)
* Shajin Village (沙金村)
* Shaijing Village (晒经村)
* Baima Village (白马村)
* Loufang Village (楼房村)
* Shiqiang Village (石墙村)
* Basan Village (把伞村)
* Baiyang Village (白阳村)
* Shiya Village (石垭村)
* Tingzi Village (亭子村)
* Bao'en Village (报恩村)
* Mulian Village (木莲村)
* Xianqiao Village (仙桥村)
* Xiaohe Village (小河村)
* Lingjiao Village (菱角村)
* Mishi Village (米市村)
# An Unwelcome Guest

An Unwelcome Guest is a 2009 concept album by the hip hop artists Guante and Big Cats!. The album relates social and political issues such as immigration, conspiracy and violence in a zombie apocalypse narrative.
# Nadine Jarosch

Nadine Jarosch (born 28 April 1995) is a German gymnast. She competed for the national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women's artistic team all-around.
# Oz Squad

Oz Squad is a comic book series using characters and setting from L. Frank Baum's Land of Oz series, "updated for a more adult audience".

## Publication

The original series ran for ten issues from 1991 to 1996. The first four were illustrated by Andrew Murphy, inked by Daniel Schaffer, and published by Brave New Words, which also later reprinted the first two issues with alternative covers. Millennium Publications then produced a 48-page Oz Squad Special. Finally, Ahlquist and some friends created Patchwork Press to carry on publishing the book. Terry Loh drew the last six issues, and Mike Sagara illustrated a Little Oz Squad special.
Ahlquist published a new Oz Squad novel in 2011, Oz Squad: March of the Tin Soldiers.

## Plot

The series adapts the mythology that Baum had created in the original children's books and updates it with the intention of appealing to a more adult audience.
Oz Squad's first issue featured Tik-Tok's becoming insane and violent after his "internal clockwork morality spring" runs down during a visit to Earth (it would run down more rarely in Oz, where decisions are more "black and white"). Later issues featured an assault on the hideout of Rebecca Eastwitch (the Wicked Witch of the East) at Castle Munchausen, and a series of time travel adventures in which the Scarecrow met Leonardo da Vinci and Joan of Arc, Dorothy found herself in the American Old West, and Nick met himself while still a human. The series ended with Dorothy Gale revealing that she is pregnant to Princess Ozma.
In the 2011 Oz Squad: March of the Tin Soldiers, the Squad is in conflict with Rebecca Eastwitch and introduces Ozzy, Dorothy and Ozma's son.

### Reviews

The series provoked a strong negative response from many fans of Baum's Oz. Pittsburg State University English professor Steven J. Teller reviewed it for The Baum Bugle and considered it worthless and disgusting.
When the series was reprinted, the Bugle was much kinder to it, and referred to Teller's review, suggesting that with the Oz books so recently having fallen into the public domain, there was little else like it, but post-Wicked, it seems groundbreaking and not nearly as outrageous as it did at the time.

## Characters

* Dorothy Gale
* Scarecrow
* Nick Chopper, the Tin Woodman
* Cowardly Lion
* Tik-Tok
* Rebecca, Wicked Witch of the East
* Kalidah
* Jellia Jamb
* Oscar Zoroaster Phadrig Isaac Norman Henkle Emmannuel Ambroise Diggs, the Wizard of Oz
* Hammerheads
* Glinda the Good
* Ozma
* Jack Pumpkinhead
* Mombi
* Sawhorse
* Jinjur
* Professor Wogglebug
* Gump
* Hungry Tiger
* Button Bright
* Polychrome
* Bungle the Glass Cat
* Woozy
* Betsy Bobbin
* Trot
* Cap'n Bill
* Orks
* Flying Monkeys
* Santa Claus
* L. Frank Baum
# 1989 South Asian Games

The 1989 South Asian Games, officially the IV South Asian Federation Games, were held in Islamabad, Pakistan from 20 October to 28 October 1989. Muhammad Ali appeared as a special guest at the closing ceremony.

## The Games
### Participating nations

Seven countries competed.
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* India
* Maldives
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Sri Lanka

### Sports

Squash was introduced for the first time in 1989 games. It replaced basketball from the previous games.
* Aquatics
* Athletics
* Boxing
* Football (details)
* Kabaddi (Circle style)
* Squash (debut)
* Swimming
* Table tennis
* Volleyball
* Weightlifting
* Wrestling

## Medal tally

Host nation Pakistan finished in 2nd place with a total of 97 medals (42 gold, 33 silver, and 22 bronze).
* Host nation (Pakistan)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | India | 61 | 43 | 20 | 124 |
| 2 | Pakistan* | 42 | 33 | 22 | 97 |
| 3 | Sri Lanka | 6 | 10 | 21 | 37 |
| 4 | Nepal | 1 | 13 | 32 | 46 |
| 5 | Bangladesh | 1 | 12 | 24 | 37 |
| 6 | Bhutan | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 7 | Maldives | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Totals (7 entries) | Totals (7 entries) | 111 | 111 | 122 | 344 |
# Nessia burtonii

Nessia burtonii, commonly known as Burton's nessia, Gray's snake skink, or the three-toed snakeskink, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the island of Sri Lanka.

## Etymology

The specific name, burtonii, is in honor of British army surgeon Edward Burton (1790–1867).

## Habitat and geographic range

N. burtonii occurs in the wet zone of Sri Lanka. It is sub-fossorial and occurs under leaf litter, boulders, and decaying logs in a variety of habitats: forests, plantations, and home gardens.

## Description

N. burtoni has 24–26 scale rows at midbody. The body is slender and of equal girth from head to tail. The snout is acute. Each limb has three tiny clawed toes, hence one of the common names. The dorsum is brown or light reddish brown, each scale with a darker edge. The venter is creamy or may be gray.

## Ecology and diet

N. burtonii hides during the day, under rubble, decaying logs, and in leaf litter within submontane forests, up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft). When exposed, it immediately wriggles into loose soil or under rubble. When caught, it regurgitates its food, presumably as a predator-deflection response. It forages at night on insects and possibly earthworms.

## Reproduction

N. burtoni is oviparous. Two eggs are laid in loose soil..
# Buck (crater)

Buck is a crater in the Navka region of Venus. It has the terraced walls, flat radar-dark floor, and central peak that are characteristic of craters classified as "complex". The central peak on its floor is unusually large. Flow-like deposits extend beyond the limits of the coarser rim deposits on its west and southwest. Like about half of the craters mapped by Magellan to date, it is surrounded by a local, radar-dark halo.
# Harwell-Boeing file format

The Harwell-Boeing file format is a file format designed to store sparse matrices, first described in 1982 as the format for the Harwell-Boeing collection of sparse matrix test problems.
# Pickering County, Mississippi Territory

Pickering County was one of the original counties of Mississippi Territory in the United States. Together with Adams County, Mississippi Territory, Pickering County was a first-level subdivision of the land that had been known as the Natchez District under the British and Spanish. The dividing line between Pickering and Adams was at Fairchilds Creek. Established in 1798, and originally named for Cabinet member Timothy Pickering, the county was subdivided into Claiborne County and Jefferson County in 1802. The original Pickering County also included some of the land that was later to become Warren County, Mississippi. Pickering County was the seat of power of the Green family–Cato West faction in territorial politics.
# Nadine Apetz

Nadine Apetz (born 3 January 1986) is a German amateur boxer. She won bronze medals at the World Championships in 2016 and 2018, and gold at the 2017 EU Championships. In 2021, she became the first German woman to qualify for a boxing event at the Summer Olympic Games.

## Personal life

Apetz was born on 3 January 1986 in Haan, and started boxing aged 21, whilst studying at the University of Bremen, after being unable to afford to continue riding and playing tennis. After completing her BSc degree in biology in 2009, Apetz moved to Australia for three years, studying for her Master's thesis. In 2011, she graduated with a master's degree in neuroscience from the University of Bremen. Since 2016, Apetz is undertaking a PhD degree in neuroscience. She researches at the University Hospital Cologne for her topic of "deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease in old age." Her boxing trainer is Lukas Wilaschek. Apetz was appointed as a member of the Youth Commission of the International Boxing Association (AIBA) for a term from 2019 to 2022.

## Amateur career

She placed fifth at the 2011 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 AIBA Women's World Boxing Championships, having achieved unanimous points decisions over Meena Rani, Timea Nagy, and Naomi Graham before losing to the eventual champion Valentina Khalzova. She was the first German boxer to win a medal at the championships since their inception in 2001.
At the 2017 Women's European Union Amateur Boxing Championships she won the gold medal, by eliminating Sandy Ryan, Gráinne Walsh and, in the final, Hanna Solecka. Apetz took bronze at the 2018 World Championships, and has won the German championship six times since 2011.
There was no women's welterweight competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics. When it was announced that it would be included in the 2020 Summer Olympics, Apetz decided to focus on qualifying. In June 2021, she qualified to represent Germany at the 2020 Summer Olympics after reaching the semi-finals of the 2020 European Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament, becoming the first German woman to qualify for a boxing event at the Olympics. She lost in the final to Busenaz Sürmeneli.