OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Prorastomidae

Prorastomidae is a family of extinct sirenians from Jamaica, related to the extant manatees and dugong. The family includes the oldest known fossils of Sirenians, represented in two genera:
Pezosiren comprises one known species, Pezosiren portelli, that was discovered in modern-day Jamaica. One of the earliest true Sirenian species, P. portelli is distinct from extant Sirenians due to its quadrupedal stature. The species is estimated to have lived 50 million years ago during the Mid Eocene, and the skeletal elements suggest that P. portelli was able to properly support its body weight while out of the water. However, several morphological features suggest that this species spent significant amounts of time in an aquatic environment, such as P. portelli's pachyosteosclerotic ribs. Similar to an extant manatee's ribs, these ribs provided a ballast and allowed the animal to achieve neutral buoyancy. P. portelli lacked the large, muscular tail used in modern Sirenians to propel through the water column, and skeletal anatomy suggests that they instead garnered propulsive force through spinal undulations, similar to otters. This evidence suggests that P. portelli likely divided its time between terrestrial habitats and shallow aquatic habitats, convergently akin to hippopotamuses.
The genus Prorastomus is also represented by only one known species. Prorastomus sirenoides lived in modern day Jamaica during the Mid Eocene, and it is thought to be the oldest Sirenian species discovered so far. Similar to P. portelli, this quadrupedal Sirenian likely displayed a lifestyle comparable to hippos, spending large amounts of time both in and out of water. The species was determined to have had relatively large olfactory bulbs for a Sirenian, suggesting that the sense of smell was of importance to P. sirenoides, and the trigeminal nerves, utilized in somatosensory, were found to be enlarged. Extant Sirenian species possess comparably large trigeminal nerves, allowing for highly sensitive facial tactility. Dentile fossils of P. sirenoides suggest that the species fed primarily on floating and emergent vegetation along its habitat.
# Surigaonon language

Surigaonon is an Austronesian language spoken by Surigaonon people. As a regional Philippine language, it is spoken in the province of Surigao del Norte, Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Sur, and some portions of Agusan del Norte, especially the towns near Lake Mainit, Agusan del Sur and Davao Oriental. The language, along with Butuanon and Tausug, are the only Visayan languages geographically native to Mindanao.

## External relationships

Surigaonon refers to the people and the language of the people of Surigao del Sur and del Norte. It is composed of ethnic languages of Surigao the mix version of Surigao's ethnic language and Cebuano. It has been heavily influenced by Cebuano due to the influx of many Cebuanos in the region. However, most Cebuano speakers can hardly understand Surigaonon speakers, except for Cebuanos who have been living in the region for years.
Surigaonon is very closely related to the Tausug language of Sulu and the Butuanon language of Butuan.

## Varieties
### Tandaganon

Tandaganon (also called Tinandag, Naturalis, Tagon-on) is a closely related variety spoken in Tandag and central Surigao del Sur municipalities of San Miguel, Tago, Bayabas, Cagwait, Marihatag, San Agustin, and most of Lianga. It can be classified as a separate language or alternatively as a southern variety of Surigaonon. There are about 100,000 speakers.

### Surigaonon

Surigaonon (also called Jaun-Jaun, Waya-Waya) itself on the other hand is the northern (Surigao del Norte) variety, with about 400,000 speakers. Surigaonon speakers are distributed throughout Surigao del Norte, northern Surigao del Sur, and northern Agusan del Norte. Surigaonon and Tandaganon speakers can understand each other well, even if they use their own languages in conversation (similar to the mutual intelligibility between the Boholano dialect and the general Cebuano dialect).
Together, Surigaonon and Tandaganon are spoken in Surigao del Norte and most parts of Surigao del Sur, except in the City of Bislig, municipalities of Barobo, Hinatuan, Lingig, and Tagbina. In the non-Surigaonon-speaking areas of Surigao, most of the inhabitants are descended from Cebuano-speaking migrants, and the rest are natives who speak Kamayo, a Mansakan language.

## Phonology

According to Dumanig (2015), Surigaonon has a similar phonological inventory as its sister Bisayan languages, Cebuano and Boholano.

### Vowels

Below is the vowel system of Surigaonon.
Surigaonon vowels :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| Close | i | | u |
| Open | | a | |

### Consonants

Below is a chart of Surigaonon consonants.
Surigaonon consonants :
| | | Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | ŋ | |
| Plosive | Voiceless | p | t | | k | ʔ |
| Plosive | Voiced | b | d | | ɡ | |
| Affricate | Affricate | | | d͡ʒ | | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | s | | | h |
| Flap | Flap | | ɾ | | | |
| Lateral | Lateral | | l | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | | j | | |
Note: [j] is spelled y, [d͡ʒ] is spelled j and [ŋ] is spelled ng.
# Clyde Woodfield

Clyde V. Woodfield (February 11, 1932 – September 29, 2001) was a state legislator in Mississippi. He served in the Mississippi Senate from 1988–2000, and in the Mississippi House of Representatives for eight years before that. He was a Democrat.
After 12 years in office he lost in the 1999 Democratic Party primary to Deborah Jeanne Dawkins. Woodfield died on September 29, 2001. His widow, Sharon, is a disability rights advocate.
# Sylvester Artley

Sylvester Artley (1848–1917) was an American politician. A member of the Socialist Labor Party of America, he served in the Illinois Senate during the 31st and 32nd General Assemblies.

## Biography

Artley was born on November 30, 1848, in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He was a craftsman and picture frame maker. In the 1878 general election, he was elected to the Illinois Senate from the 3rd district and joined in the Illinois General Assembly by three fellow socialists elected to the Illinois House; Leo Meilbeck, Charles Ehrardt, and Christian Meier. Artley defeated Henry F. Sheridan and James Gilmore with 3,775 votes to Sheridan's 3,387 votes and Gilmore's 789 votes. The 3rd district consisted of Chicago's 6th, 7th, and 8th wards. Sheridan challenged Artley's election and demanded a recount, but Artley was seated. In the 31st General Assembly he served on the following committees; Expenses of the General Assembly; Corporations; Banks and Banking, Penal and Reformatory Institutions; Education and Educational Institutions; Labor and Manufactures; Printing; and Military Affairs. In the 1882 United States House of Representatives election, Artley was the Socialist nominee in Illinois's 2nd congressional district. He finished fourth of four candidates with Democratic candidate John F. Finerty winning the election to succeed George R. Davis. He was succeeded as Senator from the 3rd district by Republican John H. Clough.
After his time in the legislature, he moved to San Diego, California, and died in 1917.
# Herbert Hicks

Herbert S. Hicks (born 1872) was an American lawyer and state legislator in Illinois. He was a Republican and served in the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois Senate.
He was born in Rockford, Illinois. He graduated from Illinois State Normal University and Stanford University.
He was elected to the Illinois House before being elected to the Illinois Senate in 1920 and 1924. He proposed legislation for the purchase of property for a state park in Ogle County. He served on the prosecution team for the Scopes Trial.
# Coat of arms of Victoria, British Columbia

The coat of arms of the city of Victoria was granted in 1962, and then subsequently registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority in 2005. While the city employs a logo for common use, the arms are reserved for legal documents and for more historical or traditional purposes and events.

## History

The City of Victoria coat of arms dates to 1962, the centennial year of the city's incorporation. Based on the municipal seal and designed by Alan Beddoe, the coat of arms was initially granted by the heralds of the College of Arms in London, as Canada fell under the purview of the English heralds at that time, and was later registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority in 2005. The design of the shield consists of two piles, one atop the other, that gives the appearance of a white "V" separating the shield into red and blue segments, creating a cypher for the city's namesake and a representation of the peninsula where the city is located and juts into the blue sea. A Royal Crown is placed on the red pile as another allusion to Queen Victoria, for whom the city is named.
There is no torse or mantling mentioned in the Canadian registry, yet mantling is depicted in the London grant as red and gold. A mural crown, a common symbol found in municipal arms, is mentioned in the blazon of the crest, which shows a dove descending from and about the rays of the Eye of Providence, emblems of peace and bounty.
Two winged figures, said to personify Colony and Civilization, support the arms, standing upon a compartment of clouds and wavy bars of white and blue, a heraldic depiction of water.

## Logo

The mayor and city council adopted a logo that is referred to as the "V Banner" in 2000, later trademarking it in 2001, in an effort to create "a clear, contemporary and lasting image." It consists of a wavy elongated triangular shape in a blue colour and the type "The City of Victoria". The logo is used on all municipal communications and other common-day use, and may be used by local businesses and groups with permission, reserving the coat of arms strictly for the mayor's protocol, ceremonial events and legal purposes.
# Trichlorosilane

Trichlorosilane (TCS) is an inorganic compound with the formula HCl$_3$Si. It is a colourless, volatile liquid. Purified trichlorosilane is the principal precursor to ultrapure silicon in the semiconductor industry. In water, it rapidly decomposes to produce a siloxane polymer while giving off hydrochloric acid. Because of its reactivity and wide availability, it is frequently used in the synthesis of silicon-containing organic compounds.

## Production

Trichlorosilane is produced by treating powdered metallurgical grade silicon with blowing hydrogen chloride at 300 °C. Hydrogen is also produced, as described in the chemical equation:
    Si + 3 HCl → HCl$_3$Si + H$_2$
Yields of 80-90% can be achieved. The main byproducts are silicon tetrachloride (chemical formula SiCl$_4$), hexachlorodisilane (Si$_2$Cl$_6$) and dichlorosilane (H$_2$SiCl$_2$), from which trichlorosilane can be separated by distillation.
It is also produced from silicon tetrachloride:
    Si + 3 SiCl$_4$ + 2 H$_2$ → 4 HCl$_3$Si

## Uses

Trichlorosilane is the basic ingredient used in the production of purified polysilicon.
    HCl$_3$Si → Si + HCl + Cl$_2$
It can be used in the Siemens process, which is a type of chemical vapor deposition process.

### Ingredient in hydrosilylation

Via hydrosilylation, trichlorosilane is a precursor to other useful organosilicon compounds:
    RCH=CH$_2$ + HSiCl$_3$ → RCH$_2$CH$_2$SiCl$_3$
Some useful products of this or similar reactions include octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), perfluoroctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTCS), and perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS). These reagents used in surface science and nanotechnology to form self-assembled monolayers. Such layers containing fluorine decrease surface energy and reduce sticking. This effect is usually exploited as coating for MEMS and microfabricated stamps for a nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and in injection molding tools.

### Organic synthesis

Trichlorosilane is a reagent in the conversion of benzoic acids to toluene derivatives. In the first step of a two-pot reaction, the carboxylic acid is first converted to the trichlosilylbenzyl compound. In the second step, the benzylic silyl derivative is converted to the toluene derivative with base.

## Safety

Trichlorosilane is highly reactive, and may respond violently (and even explosively) to many compounds. This also includes water, potentially producing silicon dioxide, chlorine, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride (and its aqueous form hydrochloric acid), and heat. Trichlorosilane can cause hazardous chemical reactions with moisture and humidity alone, and should be handled and stored under inert gas. Spills of trichlorosilane may be neutralized using a 1-1 ratio of sodium hydroxide, or a 2-1 ratio of sodium bicarbonate to trichlorosilane. Fires can be extinguished using alcohol-resistant aqueous film-forming foam (AR-AFFF).
# Ainoa Campo

Ainoa Campo Franco (born 17 June 1996) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Villarreal.

## Club career

Campo started her career at Rayo Simancas.
# Alba Merino

Alba Merino Sánchez (born 15 May 1989) is a Spanish football midfielder who plays for Deportivo La Coruña of Spain's Segunda División. As of July 2021, she holds the record for being the youngest footballer to feature in Spain's Primera División. She also scored Deportivo's first ever goal in the Primera División.

## Career

Merino is originally from Guadiana. Playing for Puebla, in 2003, she became the youngest player to feature in the top tier of women's football in Spain and, as of July 2021, she remains the holder of this record. In 2007, her transfer from Puebla to Atlético Madrid was announced. At Atlético, she played alongside Jennifer Hermoso and was the team's top goalscorer in the 2008–09 season. In the summer of 2018, she transferred from Santa Teresa to Deportivo La Coruña. While playing for Deportivo, in the club's 2018–19 season, she participated in their promotion to the Primera División, scoring 17 goals in 21 league games. Merino would go on to score Deportivo's first ever goal in the top tier of Spanish football, scoring a header against Espanyol after a shot from Noelia Villegas was adjudged to have not crossed the line. She also featured in 18 out of the team's first 21 fixtures in the 2019–20 season. Following Deportivo's relegation back to the Segunda División in the following season, Deportivo renewed Merino's contract for one more season, indicating their intention to build the team around Merino.
# Vijayaraga

Vijayaraga (fl. c. 849—895 AD) was the Chera Perumal ruler of Kerala from c. 883/84—c. 895 AD. The reign of Vijayaraga probably witnessed the expansion of Chera Perumal influence into the neighboring Ay and Mushika countries (southern and northern Kerala).
Vijayaraga appears as the royal prince as early as the fifth regnal year of Chera Perumal king Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (c. 849 AD). He also married the daughter of Kulasekhara (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neel). A record of the princess can be found in the southern Ay country. It is possible that he was also the nephew (son of sister) of Kulasekhara. Two of his daughters were married to the Chola king Parantaka I.
Vijayaraga was formerly identified with king Goda Ravi (r. 905/06—c. 943/44) of the Chera Perumal dynasty.

## Sources
### Inscriptions

* Quilon Syrian copper plates (849 AD) — mentioned as the royal prince under king Sthanu Ravi (r. 844/45—c. 870/71 AD).
* Thirunandikkara inscription — inscription of a Chera Perumal princess (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neeli), wife of Vijayaraga and daughter of Kulasekhara.
* Thiruvotriyur inscription (936 AD, 29th regnal year) — inscription of a Chera Perumal princess (the Kizhan Adikal Ravi Neel), wife of Chola king Parantaka I and daughter of Vijayaraga.

### Dynastic chronicle

Vijayaraga must be the same royal who is described as the Kerala king 'Jayaraga' in the Mushika Vamsa Kavya, a dynastic chronicle composed in the 11th century AD. According to the kavya, Jayaraga married the daughter of Kunchi Varma, the Mushika king at the time (North Kollam).
Vijayaraga also led a military expedition to the Mushika kingdom against his brother-in-law Ishana Mushika. It was Goda Varma Keralaketu, a son of Jayaraga, who eventually re-established a truce between the two kingdoms.
# Tetartemorion

Emporiai (Empúries) :
| Head right | Pegasus. |
| AR Tetartemorion (0.15 g); ca. 240 BC ||
Tetartemorion (Ancient Greek: τεταρτημόριον tetartēmorion) is the name of a silver coin minted in ancient Greece, valued at 1/4 of an obol. Its name means "quarter part", from tetarton, meaning a fourth, and morion part, portion.
The weight at Athens was about 0.15-0.18 grams.
* Money portal
* Numismatics portal
* This coin-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about the Ancient Greek language is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Amaury Pasos

Amaury Antônio Pasos (December 11, 1935 – December 12, 2024), also commonly known simply as Amaury, was a Brazilian basketball player and coach of Argentine origin. Born in São Paulo, Brazil, he was a 1.91 m (6'3") tall power forward. He competed at three Olympic Games and was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991. He was awarded the Brazil Former Athlete Olympic Prize in 2003. He was enshrined into the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2007.

## Club career

At the club level, Pasos played for Clube de Regatas Tietê (1951–1961), and then C.R. Sírio (1962–1965) and Corinthians (1966–1972). He won the Brazilian League championship in 1966 and 1969, and the São Paulo regional title league in 1966, 1968 and 1969.

## National team career

Pasos played for the senior Brazilian national team. With Brazil, he won the gold medal at the 1959 FIBA World Championship (where he was also named the MVP of the tournament) and the gold medal at the 1963 FIBA World Championship. He also won a silver medal at the 1954 FIBA World Championship, bronze medals at the 1960 Summer Olympics and 1964 Summer Olympics, a bronze medal at the 1967 FIBA World Championship, a silver medal at the 1963 Pan American Games, and a bronze medal at the 1955 Pan American Games.

## Death

Pasos died in São Paulo on December 12, 2024, a day after his 89th birthday.
# Mount Doonerak

Mount Doonerak is a 7,457-foot-elevation (2,273-meter) mountain summit in Alaska, United States.

## Description

Mount Doonerak is the third-highest point in the Endicott Mountains which are a subrange of the Brooks Range. It is set 32 miles (51 km) southeast of Anaktuvuk Pass in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. It ranks as the fourth-highest summit within the park, and is one of the most popular climbing areas in the park. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into the North Fork Koyukuk River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises approximately 5,457 feet (1,663 meters) above the North Fork Koyukuk in two miles (3.2 km). The nearest city is Fairbanks, 225 miles (362 km) to the south-southeast.

## History

The mountain was discovered and named in 1929 by Bob Marshall who called it "Matterhorn of the Koyukuk." Later, he renamed it Doonerak after miscalculating the elevation as more than 10,000 feet and believing it was the tallest peak in the Arctic of Alaska. Marshall described the mountain as, a "towering, black, unscalable-looking giant, the highest peak in this section of the Brooks Range." The name Doonerak is taken from an Iñupiat word which means "a spirit" or "a devil." The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1932 by the United States Board on Geographic Names.
The first ascent of the summit was made on June 30, 1952, by George W. Beadle, Alfred Tissières and Gunnar Bergman via the Southeast Ridge.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Mount Doonerak is located in a tundra climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F. This climate supports a small glacial remnant on the peak's north slope.
# Lubov Bakirova

Lubov Raifovna Bakirova (Russian: Любовь Раифовна Бакирова; born 11 January 1993) is a former Russian competitive pair skater. In 2009, she teamed up with Mikalai Kamianchuk to represent Belarus. Appearing at six ISU Championships, they achieved their best result, 10th, at the 2011 Europeans in Bern and the 2012 Europeans in Sheffield. They competed together until the end of the 2011−12 season.

## Programs

(with Kamianchuk)
| Season | Short program | Free skating |
| 2011–2012 | Ziganotchka (Russian Gypsy music) by Paul Mauriat | The Barber of Siberia by Eduard Artemyev |
| 2009–2011 | Polovtsian Dances (from Prince Igor) by Alexander Borodin | Pirates of the Caribbean by Klaus Badelt, Hans Zimmer |

## Competitive highlights

JGP: Junior Grand Prix

### With Kamianchuk for Belarus

International :
| Event | 2009–10 | 2010–11 | 2011–12 |
| World Champ. | 19th | 19th | 21st |
| European Champ. | 17th | 10th | 10th |
| Nebelhorn Trophy | | 8th | |
| NRW Trophy | | 7th | 2nd |
| Warsaw Cup | | | 2nd |
| National ||||
| Belarusian Champ. | 1st | 1st | 1st |

### With Patlasov for Russia

International :
| Event | 2005–06 | 2006–07 |
| JGP Czech Republic | | 4th |
| JGP Hungary | | 6th |
| National |||
| Russian Championships | | 9th |
| Russian Junior Championships | 13th | |
# Evan Frasure

Evan S. Frasure (born March 20, 1951) is an American politician from Idaho. He served in the Idaho House of Representatives and Idaho Senate.
Frasure is from Pocatello, Idaho. He graduated from Idaho State University in 1977.
Frasure served in the Idaho Legislature for 12 years. He did not run for reelection in 2002 to run for secretary of state of Idaho, but he lost to Ben Ysursa. He became a history teacher at Century High School in Pocatello. Frasure ran for secretary of state in the 2014 elections, facing Lawerence Denney, Phil McGrane, and Mitch Toryanski in the Republican primary election. Frasure lost the race to Denney.
Frasure defeated Steve Hadley in the 2016 election for the county commission for Bannock County, Idaho. He was sworn into office on January 9, 2017. He resigned in November 2017 when he was appointed state director of the Farm Service Agency in the United States Department of Agriculture.

## Electoral history

Idaho Secretary of State Republican primary election, 2014 :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Republican | Lawerence Denney | 51,041 | 37.1% |
| Republican | Phil McGrane | 38,336 | 27.9% |
| Republican | Evan Frasure | 26,539 | 19.3% |
| Republican | Mitch Toryanski | 21,630 | 15.7% |
# New Zealand quail

The New Zealand quail (Coturnix novaezelandiae), or koreke in Māori, is an extinct quail species endemic to New Zealand. The male and female were similar, except the female was lighter. The first scientist to describe it was Sir Joseph Banks when he visited New Zealand on James Cook's first voyage. Terrestrial and temperate, this species inhabited lowland tussock grassland and open fernlands. The first specimen to be obtained by a European was collected in 1827 by Jean René Constant Quoy and Joseph Paul Gaimard on Dumont D'Urville's voyage. It most likely went extinct due to diseases from introduced game birds.

## Taxonomy

Research was conducted between 2007 and 2009 into whether the quails on Tiritiri Matangi Island – which was spared the worst impact of introduced predators – might be a surviving population of this species, or koreke-brown quail (Synoicus ypsilophora) hybrids. However, a genetic study showed instead that the quail on Tiritiri Matangi are brown quail. Sequences were derived for all quail species within the Australian and New Zealand Coturnix sp. complex.
It has sometimes been considered conspecific with the Australian stubble quail (Coturnix pectoralis), which would then be named Coturnix novaezelandiae pectoralis as the New Zealand bird was described first. However, the genetic analysis showed that they are separate though closely related species.

## Gallery

* Illustration
* Illustration of the Chatham rail and the New Zealand quail from 1907