OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johnny Ussher

John Tannatt Ussher (1830-1879) was a settler, provincial magistrate and Gold Commissioner in the Thompson Country of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada in the 1870s. John Tannatt Ussher was the son of Samuel Ussher Esq., a lawyer in Montreal, and Harriet Rebecca Colclough. He was born October 17, 1830.
On June 2, 1876 Ussher was named as a tax collector under the School Tax Act. On June 22, 1876, the Lieutenant-Governor in Council announced the appointment of John Ussher, Esq. to be Returning Officer for the District of Yale. The Provincial Secretary's office announced on January 27, 1877 that Johnny was appointed as Government Agent at Kamloops, and registrar for births, deaths and marriages, and land agents.
Johnny Ussher married Annie Clara McIntosh, the youngest sister of his business partner James McIntosh, on October 21, 1878.
In 1879 the renegade sons of former Fort Kamloops Chief Trader Donald McLean, led by his eldest son Allan and accompanied by their friend Alex Hare, went on a drunken rampage across the Nicola and Thompson Countries. The "Wild McLeans" went on a binge of horse-thievery and stealing flour, liquor, ammunition and clothing. Ussher, whose duties as Gold Commissioner included the roles of constable and jailer as well as magistrate and who had previously demurred on arresting the McLeans, as attempts to hold them in the flimsy jail in Kamloops would prove futile, rode out with John McLeod, with Amni Shumway as guide, and rancher William Palmer, whose prize stallion the McLeans had stolen.
Ussher and his party surprised the McLeans at a camp north of Brigade Hill on the benchlands west of the Nicola Valley on 8 December 1879, and Ussher was killed during a scuffle with Alex Hare, who slashed him with a knife before Archie McLean shot him in the head. McLeod and Allan McLean were also wounded. Fleeing the consequences of Ussher's killing, the McLeans sought refuge with the Nicola people and made a speech to their chief Chilliheetza, son of the famous Chief Nicola, trying to enlist their support in a revived version of the abortive uprising planned by the Interior First Nations peoples in 1874. Chilliheetza refused, knowing that the boys' motivation was not political but caused by drink, and chastised them for their shameful behaviour. On December 13 the McLeans and Hare surrendered and were brought to the BC Penitentiary in New Westminster to await trial. They were, after a second trial had to be held because of technicalities, hanged for the murder of Johnny Ussher and sheepherder James Kelly on January 31, 1881.
Ussher Lake, immediately north of the location of the battle, is named for him.$^{:277}$
A memorial cairn was placed at the site of the battle in 1967, sponsored by the BC Police Veterans Association.
# Ken Lee (businessman)

Ken Lee (Chinese: 李光裕; pinyin: Lǐ Guāngyù, 1 May 1932 – 21 December 2007) was a Chinese Australian businessman who co-founded the Bing Lee chain of electronic stores with his father, Bing Lee. He also served as the company's chairman from 1987 until 2007.

## Early life

Ken Lee was born in Yantai, Shandong, a poor rural area in China. In 1938, when Ken Lee was just seven, his father Bing left Yantai, putting him in charge of the family while he sailed to Australia seeking his fortune. When the Japanese invaded China there was widespread famine, and Ken was selling second-hand clothes and other goods on the streets to help feed his mother and sister. Once the war was over it took them three years to make their way to Sydney in 1948 and reunite with Bing.
Ken and his father, Bing Lee, opened their first Bing Lee store in Fairfield, New South Wales in 1957 as an electrical sales and repair store. Lee's first job at Bing Lee was as a repairman and salesman. He and his father built the Bing Lee chain from its first store into a multimillion-dollar retail business.
Bing Lee died in 1987, leaving his son, Ken Lee as sole owner and Ken remained Chairman of the Bing Lee company. By 1987, Bing Lee had expanded to 11 stores. There are now over 35 stores located throughout the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, as of 2007. The company now has over 700 employees. According to news reports, Ken Lee knew nearly all of his 700 employees by name.

## Personal life

Lee had a number of personal interests and hobbies. He was an avid golfer, snooker player, fisher and boater.

## Family

Lee was married to his wife, Yenda Lee, for 48 years, until his death. The couple had two sons, Lionel and Greg.

## Death

Ken Lee died on 21 December 2007, at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, aged 75, from cancer. He was survived by his wife, sons and six grandchildren. His elder son, Lionel Lee, succeeded as the head of the company.
# Vaalputs

Vaalputs is the only South African radioactive waste-disposal facility, called the Vaalputs Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility, operated by NECSA. The facility is located about 100 km south-east of Springbok, in the Northern Cape. It covers an area of approximately 10,000 hectare, measuring 16,5 km from east to west and 6,5 km from north to south at its narrowest point.
Approximately 1,000 hectare is occupied by sites developed for low- and intermediate-level waste, an interim spent nuclear fuel storage facility, housing, roads, power lines and an airstrip. Vaalputs lies between the Namaqualand in the west and the Bushmanland in the east.
During 1978 a programme to select a suitable site for the disposal of nuclear waste was commenced over large parts of South Africa. The programme leader had to keep a variety of socio-economic and geology related parameters in mind. Pioneer investigations indicated that the Northern Cape was the most feasible area. Supplementary studies showed that a place approximately 100 km southeast of Springbok was ideally suited for the disposal of low- and intermediate-level wastes. In 1983 three farms were acquired by the state on behalf of the NECSA, which now constitute the Vaalputs Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility. The first low- and intermediate-level waste arrived from Koeberg in October 1986.
Initially, silos were envisaged for dry storage of spent fuel from Koeberg. However the spent fuel from Koeberg is stored in reactor pools on the Koeberg site. These pools have been re-racked in order to facilitate lifetime storage of spent fuel. Low and intermediate waste was buried in 10 meter deep trenches, which were filled with compacted soil, whereafter the surface was rehabilitated by planting local flora. In June 1997 it was revealed that some uncovered containers had rusted and were leaking radioactivity. The National Nuclear Regulator (NNR) temporarily suspended operations, until the licensing conditions were met by the operators. The NNR established communication with local communities in September 2003.
# Boileau, Quebec

Boileau (French pronunciation:) is a village and municipality in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Papineau Regional County Municipality. The municipality was known as Ponsonby until 1993.

## Geography

About 30 kilometers (19 mi) north of Montebello, the municipality is characterized by a relief ranging from 182 meters (597 ft) at Philisson Creek to 381 meters (1,250 ft) at the summit of Mont du Cimetière (Mount Cemetery). Sparsely populated, inhabited areas are the hamlets of Brookdale and Boileau and also around the Maskinongé Bay and Loup, Champagneur, and Cross Lakes. Distance of Montreal is 155 Km, and Quebec is 402 Km, both are major cities of Canada.

## History

The area was first named Ponsonby on the Gale and Duberger map of 1795. In all likelihood, it was named after a town in Cumberland County, England. It is also possible that it was named in honour of any of several noted persons called Ponsonby, including the Postmaster General of Canada of 1784, William Ponsonby (1744-1806).
Settlers were attracted to the area by the nature's beauty and resources. They were generally from Ireland and England, or the nearby villages of Calumet and Grenville. In 1876, the Township of Ponsonby was proclaimed. In 1880, the Parish of Sainte-Valérie was formed, and a year later the Boileau post office opened, named after the first postmaster, Perpetus Poissant dit Boileau. In 1882, the Township Municipality of Ponsonby was established.
Because the village was better known as Boileau and Ponsonby was limited to purely administrative use, the municipal authorities, with the support of the majority of the population, were granted the official name change from Ponsonby to Boileau in 1993.

## Demographics

Mother tongue:
* English as first language: 13.6%
* French as first language: 82.7%
* English and French as first language: 2.5%
* Other as first language: 1.2%

## Education

Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates English-language schools:
* Arundel Elementary School in Arundel
* Laurentian Regional High School in Lachute
# Zyber Hallulli

Hoxhë Zyber Hallulli was an Albanian mufti and politician. He served as mayor of Tirana from 1913 through 1914. He was the co-founder of the first public orphanage in Albania.

## Life

Hallulli was born in Tirana, Albania, then part of the Ottoman Empire, in 1842. He took the first studies in his home town, finishing the "Ruzhdie" high school. After that he went to Istanbul where he graduated in philosophy and theology.
Together with Rauf Fico, Mytesim Këlliçi, Luigj Shala and Xhelal Toptani he co-founded Streha Vorfnore, the Albania's first public orphanage, on November 28, 1917, the fifth anniversary of the Albanian Declaration of Independence. The initiators involved a commission of benefactors from the rich families and merchants of the town. The orphanage is still the main one in Albania and is named after him: Shtëpia e Fëmijëve "Zyber Hallulli" (English: Children House "Zyber Hallulli").
Hallulli supported the Albanian Declaration of Independence, the government and outcome of the Congress of Lushnje, and the June Revolution.
He died in 1927.
# Marilyn Smith

Marilyn J. Smith is an American aerospace engineer.
Smith earned her bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in aerospace engineering at Georgia Tech. Her studies were funded by Lockheed Martin. She also worked for McDonnell Douglas. Smith later joined the Georgia Tech faculty as professor and director of the Vertical Lift Research Center of Excellence. In 2016, she was elected a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Smith was the 2022 recipient of the AIAA Aerodynamics Award.
# Mackenziidae

Mackenziidae is a family of enigmatic animals known from the Cambrian period. Their affinity has been disputed, with the type genus Mackenzia being first described as a holothurian echinoderm, before being moved to a relative of sea anemones, and finally in 2022 moved to Eumetazoa incertae sedis. The family may be related to various members of the Ediacaran biota, due to a similar arrangement of tubular modules.
# Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix, Quebec

Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Our Lady of Peace') is a town and municipality in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Papineau Regional County Municipality.

## History

In 1902, the municipality was formed out of sections of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours and Saint-André-Avellin. Although it remains unclear what specific event is referred to in the name of this parish municipality, it followed the theme of municipal names in the Outaouais dedicated to the Virgin Mary, probably due to the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, who were missionaries and pastors throughout the region.
In October 2003, the Parish Municipality of Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix changed statutes and became the Municipality of Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix.

## Demographics

Mother tongue:
* English as first language: 2.4%
* French as first language: 96.0%
* English and French as first language: 0%
* Other as first language: 0%

## Education

Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates Anglophone public schools:
* Laurentian Regional High School in Lachute
# Mauvezin-d'Armagnac

Mauvezin-d'Armagnac (French pronunciation:, literally Mauvezin of Armagnac; Occitan: Mauvesin d'Armanhac) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France.

## Notable people

Diana Rigg, owner of a property in the village where she often resided.
# Suur Tõll (film)

Suur Tõll (English: Tyll the Giant) is a Soviet-era Estonian animated movie created by Tallinnfilm in 1980. The film was directed by Rein Raamat, and the main artist was Jüri Arrak.
When it was first made, it was highly praised by other Soviet animation directors. It had a short run within the country, but continued to be sent to international film festivals afterwards.

## Story

The film tells the story of an Estonian mythical god, Suur Tõll (Toell the Great), a giant said to have lived on the Baltic island of Saaremaa.

## Trivia

Clips from the film were used in folk metal band Metsatöll's music video for their song "Vaid Vaprust," from the album Äio.
# Ancient Inventions

Ancient Inventions was a BBC historical documentary series released in 1998. It was presented by former Monty Python member Terry Jones and looked at great inventions of the ancient world. The series is split into 3 episodes, namely City Life, Sex and Love, and War and Conflicts, all around 50 min long.
It was produced by Phil Grabsky of Seventh Art.
# Native-speakerism

Native-speakerism is the belief that native-speaker teachers embody Western cultural ideals in both English language and teaching methodology. The term was coined by Adrian Holliday. However, the ideology of native-speakerism has been present much longer than that. Native-speakerism might rely upon the dichotomous discourse that native language adquisition is ideal, while foreign language adquisition is inferior. One example which illustrates this preference of native-speaker language over non-native-speaker is that of interlanguage fossilization, a concept within linguistics and language learning that is often used to dictate what is right and wrong with the second language use.

## History and background

In second language acquisition, native-speakerism developed quickly following the end of the Second World War and the beginning of the scientific period of language learning. This period saw the implementation of standards in grammar and vocabulary, which is the foundation of the favouritism given towards native-speakers in the second language learning and teaching environment. During this period post World War II, the Chomskian notion of the monolingual, idealised, native speaker was developed. As a result, the idealisation of native-speakers as the bearers of correct language has led to the ideal language teacher as also being a native-speaker.

## Criticisms

The native-speaker ideal for language teachers is a fallacy, as native-speaker teachers are not linguistically and instructionally superior compared to non-native speaking teachers. The native-speakerism ideology is described as "a distorted world view" by Holliday, and by labelling teachers as native or non-native it falsely positions them as inferior or superior in their profession. This results in employment discrimination and divisiveness in the second-language acquisition industry, which favours young White native speakers from English speaking countries. The privileging of native speakers and Western pedagogical methods has long been critiqued by scholars. These practices cause anxiety amongst non-native speaking teachers, and decrease feelings of self-efficacy. Meanwhile, a large body of work in fields such as English as a lingua franca has shown that language use outside the classroom has moved away from dependence on native speaker norms. Native-speaker teachers face over-generalisations of their abilities and pedagogical knowledge, and their experience can be undermined in preference for their native language.

## Current responses

Native-speakerism is still influencing ELT hiring practices on an international scale. In the EU there have been recent attempts to bring recruiters to justice. In February 2024 an unprecedented case, of a discriminated French English teacher, was acknowledged and undertaken by the French Defender of Rights.
# Aradippou Municipal Stadium

Aradippou Stadium (Greek: Στάδιο Αραδίππου) is a stadium in Aradippou, Cyprus. It is the home ground of Ermis Aradippou and Omonia Aradippou. The stadium holds 2,500 people and is owned by Aradippou municipality.
# Tunica media

The tunica media (Neo-Latin "middle coat"), or media for short, is the middle tunica (layer) of an artery or vein. It lies between the internal elastic lamina of the tunica intima on the inside and the tunica externa on the outside.

## Artery

The tunica media is made up of smooth muscle cells, elastic tissue and collagen. It lies between the tunica intima on the inside and the tunica externa on the outside.
The middle coat (tunica media) is distinguished from the inner (tunica intima) by its color and by the transverse arrangement of its fibers.
* In the smaller arteries, it consists principally of smooth muscle fibers in fine bundles, arranged in lamellae and disposed circularly around the vessel. These lamellae vary in number according to the size of the vessel; the smallest arteries having only a single layer, and those slightly larger three or four layers - up to a maximum of six layers. It is to this coat that the thickness of the wall of the artery is mainly due.
* In the larger arteries, as the iliac, femoral, and carotid, elastic fibers and collagen unite to form lamellae which alternate with the layers of smooth muscular fibers; these lamellae are united to one another by elastic fibers which pass between the smooth muscular bundles, and are connected with the fenestrated membrane of the inner coat.
* In the largest arteries, as the aorta and brachiocephalic, the amount of elastic tissue is considerable; in these vessels a few bundles of white connective tissue also have been found in the middle coat. The muscle fiber cells are arranged in 5 to 7 layers of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle with about 50μ in length and contain well-marked, rod-shaped nuclei, which are often slightly curved. Separating the tunica media from the outer tunica externa in larger arteries is the external elastic membrane (also called the external elastic lamina). This structure is not usually seen in smaller arteries, nor is it seen in veins.

## Vein

The middle coat is composed of a thick layer of connective tissue with elastic fibers, intermixed, in some veins, with a transverse layer of muscular tissue.
The white fibrous element is in considerable excess, and the elastic fibers are in much smaller proportion in the veins than in the arteries.

## Additional images

* Artery wall
* Vein
* Section of a medium-sized artery
* Microphotography of arterial wall with calcified (violet colour) atherosclerotic plaque (H&E stain)
# Wizz Fizz

Wizz Fizz is an Australian brand of sherbet produced by Fyna Foods Australia Pty Ltd, first introduced in 1947.
It is typically sold in 12.5g paper sachets, containing a fine powder and a small plastic shovel to aid consumption.

## History

The brand originated as part of a confection called Happy Pops, a combination of lollipop and sherbet, including packaging which featured cowboy inspired by the television character Hopalong Cassidy. The sherbet component was later marketed separately as Wizz Fizz in 1947.
Between 1966 and 1986, Wizz Fizz sachets showcased Disney characters such as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Pluto, and Uncle Scrooge. In the late 1990s, new characters, including 'Screaming Mimi,' 'Weird Wally,' 'Gross Gus,' 'Nerdy Neil,' 'Mad Myron,' 'Kooky Kaz,' and 'Doctor Freak,' were introduced. A 2011 relaunch featured a planetary theme with characters called 'Super Star Kids,' which was later succeeded by monster-themed designs.
During the late 1990's, Fyna Foods Australia Pty Ltd produced over 16 million Wizz Fizz sachets annually at its Melbourne factory.

## Products

Products in the Wizz Fizz range include:
* Wizz Fizz Original Sherbet.
* Wizz Fizz Black and Orange Tongue.
* Sherbet Cones, introduced in the 1970s and consisting of a wafer cone with marshmallow, hundreds and thousands and sherbet.
* Wizz Fizz Fizzy Fruity Pops Lollipops.
* Wizz Fizz Fizzers available in strawberry, cola, lemon and orange flavors.
* Wizz Fizz Party Pack which contains a mix of Wizz Fizz Original Sherbet, Wizz Fizz Lollipops, Wizz Fizz Fizzers & Fads.
Products in the previous Wizz Fizz Range include:
* Ring Fizz, which contained a ring in the packet.
* Blue Tongue Sherbet.
* Sour Sherbet.
* Strawberry Sherbet.
* Cola Wizz Fizz.
* Hoppy Pops, lollipops with sherbet mixed inside them, featuring 'Hop-a-long Cassidy' on the packaging
Limited Edition Wizz Fizz Products include:
* Wizz Fizz Easter Eggs available during Easter. consists of a milk chocolate egg with sherbet cream and popping candy center.
# Mount Chamberlin (Alaska)

Mount Chamberlin is the third highest peak in the Brooks Range, Alaska, USA. Located in what are known as the Franklin Mountains of the Brooks Range, Mount Chamberlin is 30 miles (48 km) west-northwest of Mount Isto, the tallest peak in the Brooks Range. Mount Chamberlin is within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and was named for Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin (1843-1928), geologist of the Peary Auxiliary Expedition of 1894. Previously believed to be the highest peak in the Brooks Range, in 2014 new measurement technology established that Mount Chamberlin is the third highest peak in the range.
# Dominique Gardette

Dominique Gardette (born 10 June 1954) is a former French female canoeist who won at senior level the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships.
# Mała Wierzyca

The Mała Wierzyca or Little Wierzyca is a river of Poland. It is a left-side tributary of the Wierzyca and joins it near Zamek Kiszewski. It flows through the Kashubian Lake District. It flows through Lake Polaszkowskie ("Polaszkowski Protected Landscape Area"), longitudinally through Stare Polaszki and Pałubin, then under the route of voivodeship road no. 214 and flows into the Wierzyca to the east of Kiszewski Castle.
# Omalus puncticollis

Omalus puncticollis is a species of insect belonging to the family Chrysididae.
Synonym:
# Mahidasht Rural District

Mahidasht Rural District (Persian: دهستان ماهيدشت) is in Mahidasht District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Robat.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population was 13,107 in 3,045 households. There were 12,955 inhabitants in 3,419 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 11,707 in 3,334 households. The most populous of its 90 villages was Cheshmeh Sefid, with 933 people.
# Chiari railway station

Chiari (Italian: Stazione di Chiari) is a railway station serving the town of Chiari, in the region of Lombardy, northern Italy. The station opened in 1878 and is located on the Milan–Venice railway. The train services are operated by Trenord.

## History

Between 1898 and 1915, the station was the southern terminus of the Iseo-Rovato-Chiari tramway.

## Train services

The station is served by the following service(s):
* Express services (Treno regionale) Milan - Treviglio - Brescia - Verona
* Regional services (Treno regionale) Sesto San Giovanni - Milan - Treviglio - Brescia
| Preceding station | Trenord | Following station |
| Romanotoward Milano Centrale | Treno regionale | Rovatotoward Verona Porta Nuova |
| Cividate al Piano-Calciotoward Sesto San Giovanni | Treno regionale | Rovatotoward Brescia |
# Ole E. Benson

Ole E. Benson (January 23, 1866 – March 2, 1952) was an American politician.
Benson was born in Finnøy, Norway and emigrated with parents to the United States in 1871. He settled in Ottawa, Illinois and was involved with farm management. He served as sheriff of LaSalle County, Illinois in 1906 and was a Republican. Benson served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1913 to 1919; from 1923 to 1925 and from 1929 to 1939. He then served in the Illinois Senate from 1939 to 1951. Benson died in Ottawa, Illinois.