OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Madeline Folgmann

Madeline Folgmann (born 16 January 1997) is a German taekwondo athlete and European bronze medalist.

## Career

Madeline Folgmann began practising taekwondo at the age of five and has been competing for the German national team since 2014. In 2014, she took part in the Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing in the weight class up to 55 kg. She reached the round of 16, but lost to her opponent Tijana Bogdanović by 12 to 16 points. At national level, she became German champion three times, runner-up three times and bronze medallist twice in the cadet and junior categories.
At the U21 European Championships in Sofia, Folgmann won the gold medal in the weight class up to 53 kg. In the same year, she achieved a bronze medal in the same weight class at the World University Games (then: Summer Universiade). In 2018, she won another bronze medal at the European Senior Championships in Kazan.
In 2024, Folgmann achieved a 5th place at the European Championships in Belgrade. At the 2024 European Universities Games in Debrecen-Miskolc, she was defeated in the final by Spanish athlete Alma Pérez Parrado and thus became runner-up in the weight class up to 53 kg.

## Personal life

Folgmann began studying Sports Science at the German Sport University Cologne in 2016. She completed her bachelor's degree in 2021 and then continued her studies with a master's programme.
# Lev Kritzman

Lev Natanovich Kritzman (Russian: Лев Натанович Крицман; 16 June 1890 – 17 June 1938) was a Soviet Marxian economist who became a prominent advocate of state planning in the 1920s Soviet economy. After 1929, his views on agricultural reform were aligned with mass collectivisation and dekulakization introduced by Joseph Stalin.

## Biography

In 1905 Krirtzman joined the Menshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He was expelled from the University of Odessa in 1910, but continued his education in exile. He graduated from the University of Zurich and received a doctorate in philosophy.
He returned to Russia in after the October Revolution 1918 and joined the Russian Communist Party (b). Kritzman worked the state economy and was a member of the board of the State Planning Committee and the Central Statistical Directorate.
Kritzman was a member of the editorial board of Pravda and a member of the Communist Academy. He also taught at the Institute of Red Professors, Sverdlov Communist University and the Moscow State University.
From 1926 to 1929 he was executive editor of the journal On the Agrarian Front and a member of the editorial board of the journal Problems of Economy as well as a member of the editorial board of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. He was also the editor of the Economic Encyclopedia. Kritzman wrote many books and polemics and socialist construction as well as criticisms of non-Marxist political economy.
He staunchly opposed the theory of Alexander Chayanov and the family labor school. He fought for the justification of the three-tier scheme of differentiation of the peasantry (poor peasant -middle peasant - kulak), which became one of the foundations of the dekulakization policy in 1929–1933.
Hardly any information is available about Krizman's last years, which apparently were largely spent on private studies. In Soviet and Russian publications, it is usually noted that he succumbed to kidney disease in June 1938. On the other hand, some recent publications from English speaking sources claim that Krizman fell victim to the Great Purge, however there isn't any evidence to support this. His death is sometimes dated to have happened in June 1937. An obituary in connection with his death was signed by Eugene Varga, Abram Deborin, Gleb Krzhizhanovsky and Stanislav Strumilin.
He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery and his estate is kept in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
# Charles Brown (mayor)

Charles Brown (September 28, 1873 – February 8, 1943) was mayor of Murray, Utah from 1906 to 1909. He was the first mayor of Murray to serve two terms. From 1898 to 1933 he engaged in the grocery business in Murray. He was active in the LDS Church serving a church mission to California from 1896 to 1898. He was a graduate of Murray city public schools and Brigham Young University. During his tenure in office Murray started construction on sidewalks, street lighting, roads, and a city hall.
# Iliohypogastric nerve

The iliohypogastric nerve is a nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus that supplies sensation to skin over the lateral gluteal and hypogastric regions and motor to the internal oblique muscles and transverse abdominal muscles.

## Structure
### Origin

The iliohypogastric nerve originates from the superior branch of the anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1. It also receives fibers from T12 via the subcostal nerve. The branch below it is the ilioinguinal nerve.

### Course

It emerges from the upper lateral border of the psoas major.$^{:1148}$ It then crosses in front of the quadratus lumborum muscle to an area superior to the iliac crest. It runs behind the kidneys. Just superior to the iliac crest, it pierces the posterior part of the transversus abdominis muscle and continues anteriorly in the abdominal wall between the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles.$^{:1148}$
It divides into a lateral cutaneous branch and an anterior cutaneous branch between the transversus abdominis muscle and the internal oblique muscle.

### Branches
#### Lateral cutaneous branch

The lateral cutaneous branch ("iliac branch") pierces the internal oblique muscles and the external oblique muscles immediately above the iliac crest. It is distributed to the skin of the gluteal region, behind the lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve; the size of this branch bears an inverse proportion to that of the lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve.
When harvesting bone from the anterior iliac crest (AICBG), the lateral cutaneous branch of the Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) is most likely to be injured.
* Area supplied by the lateral cutaneous branch can be seen in blue near the hip.

#### Anterior cutaneous branch

The anterior cutaneous branch ("hypogastric branch") continues onward between the abdominal internal oblique and transverse muscles.
It then pierces the internal oblique, becomes cutaneous by perforating the aponeurosis of the external oblique about 2.5 cm above the subcutaneous inguinal ring, and is distributed to the skin of the hypogastric region.

### Communications

The iliohypogastric nerve communicates with the subcostal nerve and ilioinguinal nerves.

### Variation

The iliohypogastric nerve may be absent in up to 20% of people. Its fibres are instead carried on other nerves, such as the ilioinguinal nerve.

## Function

The iliohypogastric nerve partially supplies the internal oblique muscles. It also provides sensory innervation to the superior gluteal region and part of the suprapubic region.

## Clinical significance

The iliohypogastric nerve may be damaged at the points where it passes through the internal oblique muscle and the external oblique muscles. It is most often damaged by medical error. It may also be damaged by a nerve lesion.
# Tomas Apacible

Tomas Villadolid Apacible is a Filipino politician who last servecd as representative of the 1st district in the province of Batangas in the Philippine House of Representatives from 2010 to 2013. He defeated former Congressman and Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita in the 2010 elections, but lost his re-election bid in 2013 to his predecessor and Ermita's daughter, Eileen Ermita-Buhain. He is also a former Commissioner of the Bureau of Customs, Senior Undersecretary of the Department of Finance, Senior Governor of the Development Bank of The Philippines and Private Sector Representative to the Land Bank of the Philippines Board of Directors.
As representative, he sat as Senior Vice Chairman of the Committee of Trade and Industry and Southern Tagalog Regional Development. He was also a member of the following committees: Ways and Means, Agriculture and Food, Energy, Tourism, Public Works and Highways, Information, Communication and Technology, Public Order and Safety, and Banks and Financial Intermediaries.
Apacible is the son of former Batangas 1st district representative Apolinario Apacible and Remedios Villadolid and the brother of former Nasugbu mayor and Batangas 1st district representative Conrado Apacible. He is married to Maria Dolores Cacdac with whom he has three children: Alyanna, Tomas II, and Airene.
# Perri (name)

Perri is a feminine given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:

## Given name

* Perri 6, British social scientist born David Ashworth
* Perri Kiely (born 1995), British street dancer
* Perri Klass, American pediatrician and writer
* Perri Lister (born 1959), English actress, dancer, choreographer, singer, former model and screenwriter
* Perri O'Shaughnessy, pen name of American crime novelists and sisters Mary and Pamela O'Shaughnessy
* Perri "Pebbles" Reid (born 1964), American dance-pop and urban contemporary singer
* Perri Peltz (born 1961), American television journalist
* Perri Pierre (born 1988), American award-winning filmmaker and actor
* Perri Shakes-Drayton (born 1988), British track and field athlete
* Perri Williams (born 1966), Irish racewalker
# Madleen Wilder

Madleen Wilder (born 6 July 1980 in Potsdam) is a German women's international footballer who plays as a defender. She is a member of the Germany women's national football team. She was part of the team at the UEFA Women's Euro 2001. On club level she plays for 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam in Germany.
# The Limping Man (1936 film)

The Limping Man is a 1936 British crime film directed by Walter Summers and starring Francis L. Sullivan, Hugh Wakefield and Patricia Hilliard. It was an adaptation of the play of the same title by William Matthew Scott. The film was shot at Welwyn Studios.

## Cast

* Francis L. Sullivan as Theodore Disher
* Hugh Wakefield as Colonel Paget
* Patricia Hilliard as Gloria Paget
* Robert Cochran as Philip Nash
* Leslie Perrins as Paul Hoyt
* Judy Kelly as Olga Hoyt
* Iris Hoey as Mrs. Paget
* Frank Atkinson as Inspector Cable
* George Pughe as Chicago Joe
* Harry Hutchinson as Limpy
* John Turnbull as Inspector Potts
* Syd Crossley as Sparrow
* Arthur Brander as Sandall
# Natalia Alekhina

Natalia Alekhina (Russian: Наталья Алехина; born February 3, 1954) is a Russian chess player who holds the title of Woman Grandmaster.

## Early life and education

Alekhina was born in Voronezh, Russian SFSR, on February 3, 1954. She holds a university degree in philology.

## Career

Alekhina was trained by Valentin Chistyakov during her early years in Voronezh. She earned her Woman International Master title in 1983, followed by the Woman Grandmaster title in 1990.
Her peak rating was 2355 in January 1985. At the peak of her career she was #4 on FIDE Top 100 women rankings.

### Individual competitions

Alekhina won the USSR Girl's Chess Championship in 1980. She was the winner of the Russian Chess Championship on two occasions, in 1977 and 1982.
Due to her successful performances in several international chess tournaments (Budapest in 1983 and 1984, Balatonberény in 1983, Bologna in 1984), she was invited to the FIDE Interzonal chess tournament in 1985, which would qualify her for the Candidates Tournament if she came in the top six. She failed to qualify, coming in at the 11th-12th place.
She was the winner of the RSFSR Chess Championships held in Kaliningrad in 1977 and in Ordzhonikidze in 1982.
Alekhina participated in the USSR Chess Championship in 1970, 1974 and 1977. She came in last in the 1970 and 1977 championships with 5½ and 3½ points. Her best result was sharing the 8th-10th place in the 1974 iteration.
One of her most noted performances is coming second behind Irina Levitina at the Chess Tournament in Budapest in 1984.
Her latest competitive performance was at the Senior women Championship in 2019, where she took 8th place with 5/5 points in a 40-player tournament.

### Team competitions

Alekhina won the 8th Soviet Team Chess Cup held in Moscow in 1974 as part of VSS Burevestnik.
Alekhina played as a member of the 12-person team Russian SFSR at the 12th Soviet Team Chess Championship in Moscow in 1972. The team came in second out of six competing teams. At the 17th iteration of the same competition held in Volgograd in 1985, she was part of the 8-person team Russian SFSR "B". The team came in 7th out of 17 competing teams.

## Personal life

Alekhina is married to Sergey Arkhipov, who is also a professional chess player with a Grandmaster (GM) title. They live in Moscow, Russia.
# Terry Allen

Terry Allen may refer to:

## Music

* Terry Allen (artist) (born 1943), American country singer and artist
* Terry Allen (big band singer) (1916–1981), American big band singer
* Terry K. Allen, real name of DJ Slip (born 1964), American record producer

## Sports

* Terry Allen (American football coach) (born 1957), American football coach at Missouri State University
* Terry Allen (basketball) (born 1993), American professional basketball player
* Terry Allen (boxer) (1924–1987), English flyweight boxer
* Terry Allen (running back) (born 1968), American former running back for the Washington Redskins
* Magnum T. A. (born 1959), professional wrestler born Terry Allen

## Others

* Terry (Terril) Diener Allen who wrote as T. D. Allen with her husband Don Bala Allen
* Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr. (1888–1969), US Army general in World War II
# Anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve

The anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve consist of the following nerves: intermediate cutaneous nerve and medial cutaneous nerve.

## Intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh

The intermediate cutaneous nerve (middle cutaneous nerve) pierces the fascia lata (and generally the sartorius) about 7.5 cm below the inguinal ligament, and divides into two branches which descend in immediate proximity along the forepart of the thigh, to supply the skin as low as the front of the knee.
Here they communicate with the anterior division of lateral cutaneous nerve, the anterior division of medial cutaneous nerve and the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous, to form the patellar plexus.
In the upper part of the thigh the lateral branch of the intermediate cutaneous communicates with the lumboinguinal branch of the genitofemoral nerve.

## Medial cutaneous nerve of thigh

The medial cutaneous nerve (internal cutaneous nerve) passes obliquely across the upper part of the sheath of the femoral artery, and divides in front, or at the medial side of that vessel, into two branches, an anterior and a posterior.
The anterior branch runs downward on the sartorius, perforates the fascia lata at the lower third of the thigh, and divides into two branches: one supplies the integument as low down as the medial side of the knee; the other crosses to the lateral side of the patella, communicating in its course with the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.
The posterior branch descends along the medial border of the sartorius to the knee, where it pierces the fascia lata, communicates with the saphenous nerve, and gives off several cutaneous branches.
It then passes down to supply the integument of the medial side of the leg.
Beneath the fascia lata, at the lower border of the adductor longus, it joins to form a plexiform net-work (subsartorial plexus) with branches of the saphenous and obturator nerves.
When the communicating branch from the obturator nerve is large and continued to the integument of the leg, the posterior branch of the medial cutaneous is small, and terminates in the plexus, occasionally giving off a few cutaneous filaments.
The medial cutaneous nerve, before dividing, gives off a few filaments, which pierce the fascia lata, to supply the integument of the medial side of the thigh, accompanying the long saphenous vein.
One of these filaments passes through the saphenous opening; a second becomes subcutaneous about the middle of the thigh; a third pierces the fascia at its lower third.

## Additional images

* The great saphenous vein and its tributaries at the fossa ovalis.
* Cross section of thigh
# Aimee Guidera

Aimee Rogstad Guidera (born 1967) is an American education professional and public official who serves as Virginia Secretary of Education.

## Early life and education

Born and raised in Maryland, Guidera received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, and later earned a master's degree in public policy from the John F. Kennedy School of Government.

## Career

After attending university, Guidera taught for the Japanese Ministry of Education and later worked for the National Governors Association on education policy and academic standards. From 1995 to 2003, Guidera worked for the National Alliance of Business, eventually becoming the organization's Vice President of Programs. From 2003 to 2005, Guidera was the director of the Washington, D.C. office of the National Center for Educational Accountability. In 2005, Guidera founded the Data Quality Campaign (DQC), a nonpartisan, nonprofit advocacy organization established to improve the quality, accessibility and use of data in education to improve student achievement.
Guidera has served on various boards of organizations including the Institute for Educational Leadership, Policy Innovators in Education Network, Conservative Leaders for Education, and the Harvard Center for Education Policy Research.

### Virginia Secretary of Education

In 2022, Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin made his first cabinet selection when he appointed Guidera as the Virginia Secretary of Education. Several news outlets noted that Youngkin's focus on education as a campaign priority was reflected in his decision to begin announcing his cabinet nominees with his choice for Guidera as Secretary of Education.

## Personal life

Guidera and her husband Bill raised two daughters in Minnesota and recently moved to Virginia.

## Honors and awards

In 2012, Guidera was named one of Time Magazine's School of Thought: 12 Education Activists of 2012.
# Harry McGurk

Harry McGurk (23 February 1936 – 17 April 1998) was a British cognitive psychologist. He is known for his discovery of the McGurk effect, described in a 1976 paper with his research assistant John MacDonald, while he was a senior developmental psychologist at the University of Surrey.

## Biography

McGurk was born in Hillington, Glasgow on 23 February 1936. After training at the University of Glasgow, he became a probation officer in Edinburgh.
He married Betty Hannah. She was invited to go out to the Church of Scotland mission in Nigeria to use her accountancy skills and for two years he became involved with the management of the school and hospital.
On their return, he studied psychology at University of Strathclyde, gaining a BA, an MSc, and a PhD for his seminal work on infant perception.
Following a period as a Research Fellow at Princeton University, he joined the University of Surrey, as a lecturer in child development and later was appointed to a personal chair in the same subject.
Between 1990 and 1994 he was Director of the Thomas Coram Research Unit at the Institute of Education, University of London. In 1994, he was appointed as Director of the Australian Institute of Family Studies in Melbourne.
Harry McGurk died on 17 April 1998, in Melbourne, aged 62, from complications after a heart operation.

## Publications

* The economic cost of child abuse and neglect in South Australia. 1998
* Staff-child ratios in care and education services for young children. 1995
* Project Charlie : an evaluation of a life skills drug education programme for primary schools. 1995
* Childhood social development : contemporary perspectives / edited by Harry McGurk. 1992
* Developmental psychology and the vision of speech. 1988
* What next? 1987
* Brain and behavioural development: interdisciplinary perspectives on structure and function / edited by Harry McGurk and John W. T. Dickerson. 1982
* Issues in childhood social development / edited by Harry McGurk. 1978
* Ecological factors in human development by International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development. Conference (3rd: 1975: University of Surrey). 1977
* Growing and changing : a primer of developmental psychology. 1975
* PhD Thesis: Oriental discrimination in infancy and early childhood. University of Strathclyde. Dept. of Psychology. Thesis, 1971
# Maike Beer

Maike Beer (born 7 June 1996 in Hamburg) is a German curler. She currently plays lead on the German national women's curling team, skipped by Emira Abbes.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Events |
| 2012–13 | Aylin Lutz | Frederike Manner | Nicole Muskatewitz | Claudia Beer | Maike Beer | Sina Frey | EJCC 2013 |
| 2013–14 | Maike Beer | Frederike Manner | Miriam Graap | Claudia Beer | Emira Abbes | Sina Frey | EJCC 2014 (6th) |
| 2013–14 | Sabine Belkofer-Kröhnert | Sina Frey | Frederike Manner | Claudia Beer | Maike Beer | | GWCC 2014 |
| 2014–15 | Emira Abbes | Amelie Heindl | Claudia Beer | Maike Beer | Franziska Schöberl (EJCC) | Gesa Angrick | EJCC 2015 (5th) GWCC 2015 (4th) |
| 2015–16 | Maike Beer | Emira Abbes | Mia Höhne | Lena Kapp | Klara-Hermine Fomm | Gesa Angrick | WJBCC 2016 (11th) |
| 2015–16 | Maike Beer | Sina Frey | Nicole Muskatewitz | Carola Sinz | | | GWCC 2016 |
| 2015–16 | Daniela Driendl | Analena Jentsch | Marika Trettin | Pia-Lisa Schöll | Maike Beer | Thomas Lips | ECC 2015 (7th) WCC 2016 (9th) |
| 2016–17 | Maike Beer | Mia Höhne | Laura Mayrhans | Lena Kapp | Fiona Wunderlich | Holger Höhne | WJBCC 2017 (5th) |
| 2016–17 | Maike Beer | Claudia Beer | Emira Abbes | Nicole Muskatewitz | | Sven Goldemann | WUG 2017 (8th) |
| 2023–24 | Emira Abbes | Lena Kapp | Mia Höhne | Maike Beer | Pia-Lisa Schöll | | ECC 2023 |
# Bapi Tudu

Bapi Tudu is an Indian writer. Who writes in Santali. He won the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar in 2023 for his short stories book Dusi.
Bapi Tudu was born in 1998 at Kadamdiha,West Bengal. He completed his education at a Higher Secondary School located in Gwaltod of Paschim Medinipur district in the year 2021 and He holds Master's degree in Santali with gold medal and has got through the National Eligibility Test and West Bengal SET. In 2023, his first book received the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar, marking the beginning of a successful writing career.

## Book
### Dusi

Dusi is a collection of short stories that excellently portray contemporary Santal society. The stories solemnly ruminate on social evils and make the reader feel the angst emitted by the contemporary social scene. The stories are noteworthy for their racy narrative technique, marvellous characterization, flawless plot construction, and the way they convey the message of humanity. The author's language is masterful, and the imagination in weaving the stories is astonishing. As such, the Sahitya Akademi is pleased to confer its Yuva Puraskar in Santali on Bapi Tudu for his Short Stories Dusi.