OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Upper Yardman Scheme (Royal Navy)

The Upper Yardman Scheme had its origin in 1912, when Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg, the then First Sea Lord, initiated a scheme to allow Royal Navy ratings the chance to gain a commission at a relatively young age and so enable them to compete for promotion to the highest ranks. Until 1931 it was known as the Mate Scheme because successful candidates were promoted to the rank of mate, but that title was very much disliked and from 1932 onwards the scheme became known as the Upper Yardman Scheme, those successful being promoted to the rank of sub-lieutenant.
The term Upper Yardman refers to the days of sail where the smartest and bravest of seamen manned the upper yards and its adoption served to reinforce the superiority of the officer candidates to the rest of the lower-deck and suggested officer-like qualities of courage and seamanship skill.

## Selection, training and promotion

Selection for training as an upper yardman starts with a recommendation from a divisional officer that a rating be considered as a CW (Commissions and Warrants) Candidate. If this is approved by the captain of the prospective candidate's ship, the candidate commences a year's probation and then appears before the Admiralty Interview Board for consideration for acceptance as an upper yardman. Successful candidates then commence training lasting a year or more, those who pass being promoted to acting sub-lieutenant.
Initially, the upper age limit for upper yardmen was 25, but since 1972 the scheme has accepted candidates in two age groups: upper yardmen (UY) up to 25 years old with promotion prospects similar to those of direct entry officer cadets, and senior upper yardmen (SUY) of 35 years and older who remain within the specialisation of their rating career.

## Training locations

At most times since the inauguration of the scheme, upper yardmen training has taken place in shore establishments especially commissioned for that purpose or in separate units within existing shore establishments. These have included:
* Prior to 1942 - HMS Collingwood, Fareham, Hampshire
* 1942 - HMS Raleigh, Torpoint, Cornwall
* 1949 - HMS Hawke, Exbury House, Southampton, Hampshire (previously HMS King Alfred - RNVR)
* 1955 - HMS Temeraire, Port Edgar, South Queensferry, Scotland
* 1960 - Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth
Royal Navy candidates were joined by candidates from the Royal Australian Navy, the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy until the 1960s.

## Officers promoted under the scheme

* Rear-Admiral James Figgins (commissioned in 1912): first officer promoted under the scheme to reach the rank of captain (1933)
* Vice-Admiral Sir Benjamin Charles Stanley Martin (commissioned in 1916): first officer promoted under the scheme to reach flag rank (1944)
* Admiral Sir Philip King Enright (commissioned in 1917): first officer promoted under the scheme to reach the rank of admiral (1953)
# Żuławki

Żuławki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stegna, within Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Nowy Dwór Gdański and 24 km (15 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# T. D. Little

T. D. "Ted" Little (born June 21, 1942) is a former member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 21st District from 1974 to 1983 and the 27th District from 1983 to 1986, and again from 1990 to 2010. He served a total of 32 years in the Alabama Senate. He ran for the U. S. Congress in Alabama's 3rd Congressional District in 1996, being the Democratic nominee, but lost to Bob Riley in the general election. Little later lost his seat in the state senate after he was defeated by Republican challenger Tom Whatley in the general election on November 2, 2010.
# Erica Musso

Erica Musso (born 29 July 1994) is an Italian swimmer. She competed in the women's 200 metre freestyle event at the 2018 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), in Hangzhou, China.
# Bimba Raikar

Bimba Raikar (born 21 December 1933) is an Indian politician. She was a Member of Parliament, representing Karnataka in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.
# Hans Rauch

Hans Rauch (1 March 1899 – 22 August 1958) was a general in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## Awards and decorations

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 6 December 1944 as Oberst and commander of Flak-Sturm-Regiment 41 (mot)
# Hantzsch Island

Hantzsch Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Frobisher Bay off the southern tip of Baffin Island's Meta Incognita Peninsula and the northeastern tip of Edgell Island. The closest community is the community of Iqaluit, 270 km (170 mi) northwest of Hantzsch Island.

## Geography

The island is small and dome-shaped. Its habitat is characterized by coastal cliffs, grassy slopes, and a rugged shoreline.

## Fauna

Hantzsch Island is a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU025), an International Biological Program site, and a Key Migratory Terrestrial Bird Site (NU Site 49). Notable bird species include black-legged kittiwakes, thick-billed murres, northern fulmars, and other colonial waterbirds and seabirds.
Beluga whales, bearded seal, ringed seal, harp seal, polar bears, and walrus frequent the area.

## History

The island is named in honour of Bernhard Hantzsch, a German ornithologist and Arctic researcher.
# Żychckie Osady

Żychckie Osady is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Konarzyny, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Konarzyny, 20 km (12 mi) north-west of Chojnice, and 101 km (63 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Audra Lowe

Audra Lowe (née Prather) is a talk show host, journalist, and entrepreneur For six seasons, she was the host of The Better Show. In 2012, Lowe became the host of The Broadway Channel.

## Early life and education

Lowe, born Audra Prather, a native of Los Angeles, California, matriculated to the University of California, Santa Barbara. While on campus, she worked for the college radio station KCSB-FM as a reporter and anchor. She graduated from UC Santa Barbara with two B.A.s in 1993 in communications and black studies. She later attended the University of California, Los Angeles and graduated with an M.A. in 1998.

## Television career
### Early career

Lowe's journalism career started after college with KCAL-TV. She later joined KADY-TV in Ventura, California as an associate producer. She was noticed by the news director practicing reading scripts after hours and was put on camera after a regular on-air talent called in sick.
Her television path included stops at KNBC, KABC-TV, ABC Entertainment, KCOP-TV, The Walt Disney Company, KNX, and BET.
Lowe joined FOX and served as the host for Fox Sports's FoxWire as well as entertainment-based FoxNOW.

### The Better Show

In 2007, Lowe was named host of The Better Show, a nationally syndicated lifestyle television program produced by the Meredith Corporation, for which she relocated to New York. The Better Show launched in 12 markets and saw expansion with Lowe as the host to 180 markets over 80% of the country.
In July 2012, Lowe was named one of the Top 10 TV Lifestyle Hosts on Twitter based on her Klout score.
Lowe was replaced by Rebecca Budig as host of The Better Show in September 2013 before the start of the show's seventh season.

### The Broadway Channel

In August 2012, Lowe was named host of The Broadway Channel's What's Hot on Broadway feature as well as other events.

## Entrepreneurship

Lowe started Lowe Blow Tees, a line of maternity shirts, after getting the idea while pregnant with her daughter. She sells the line through her website as well as through eBay.

## Personal life

Lowe married Randall Lowe. She has one daughter.
# Eva Trevisan

Eva Trevisan (born 21 April 1980 in Gorizia) is an Italian softball player.

## Biography

Eva Trevisan has a participation in the Olympic Games in Athens 2004. She's the captain of the Italy women's national softball team.

## Palmarès

* 3 wins at the ESF Women's Championship, (1997, 2001, 2003)
* 4 wins at the ESF European Cup Women, (1999, 2000, 2001, 2015)
# Kwan (band)

Kwan is a Finnish hip hop and pop music group from Helsinki. Most visible members of the band are the two vocalists Mariko (Mari Liisa Pajalahti) and Tidjan (Ossi Bah Tidiane). The band started as a hip hop act, but nowadays the songs contain more singing than rapping.
The first album, Dynasty, sold platinum in Finland, the second one, The Die Is Cast double platinum.

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Dynasty (2001)
* The Die Is Cast (2002)
* Love Beyond This World (2004)
* Little Notes (2006)

### Singles

* Padam (2001)
* Microphoneaye (2001)
* Late (2001)
* Rock da House (2001)
* The Die Is Cast (2002)
* I Wonder (Promo-CD, 2002)
* Rain (2002)
* Shine (2002)
* Chillin' at the Grotto (2002)
* Unconditional Love (2004)
* Decadence of the Heart (2004)
* Sharks in the Bloody Waters (2004)
* Diamonds (2006)
* Tainted Love (2006)
* 10,000 Light Years (2009)
* One Last Time (2014)
# Che Guevara in fashion

The Che Guevara trend, or "Che chic", is a fashion trend featuring the Argentine-born revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara. The phenomenon has attracted attention from the media, political commentators, songwriters, and Cuban American activists due to the popularity of the T-shirt design, Che's political beliefs, and the "irony" of buying a T-shirt depicting a Marxist icon. As op-ed commentator Chris Berg noted in The Age, "Ironically, Che Guevara's longevity as a cultural symbol has been thanks to the very economic system he sought to destroy".

## Popularity

Che Guevara's image is a popular design for clothing, so much so that Che's likeness has been known as "the face that launched a thousand T-shirts". Commentators have noted how the T-shirt is popular among younger adults, especially university students drawn to the rebelliousness associated with the icon. Richard Castle of the Brisbane Times wryly observes that "strolling down Brunswick Street or Chapel Street, it could be easy to think Che Guevara was the only man under 40 never to have worn a Che Guevara T-shirt". The recent popularity of Che-related fashion has been attributed to economic troubles, which make Che's message more appealing.

## History

The image depicted on Che chic is based on the Guerrillero Heroico photograph. It is unknown when the photo was first used as a fashion design, although it was first given an artistic rework in a series of 1967 posters by the Irish artist Jim Fitzpatrick.

## Response

The popularity of the trend has been criticised for downplaying Che's perceived flaws and romanticising his actions. Although accounts vary, it is estimated that several hundred people were executed nationwide during his time, with Guevara's jurisdictional death total at La Cabaña ranging from 55 to 105. Critics claim that youth support the icon without being aware of the controversial figure behind it, who has been accused of using violence as a means to achieve his objectives and supposedly "driving Cuba into economic disaster" by helping to overthrow the US-backed Batista dictatorship. Critics have called the trend a "T-shirt fad".
Members of the Cuban exile community have voiced opposition to Che chic and other depictions of Che as a pop cultural icon for the same reasons.
Aleida Guevara, the eldest daughter of Che Guevara, has defended the fashion trend derived from her father's image, saying, "But look at the people who wear Che T-shirts. They tend to be those who don't conform, who want more from society, who are wondering if they can be better human beings. That, I think, he would have liked".
# Abu Nuwas (crater)

Abu Nuwas is an impact crater on the planet Mercury, 116 kilometers in diameter. It is located at 17.4°N, 20.4°W. It is named after the Arab poet Abu Nuwas, and its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. There is small central peak in the center of the floor of Abu Nuwas, and bright features known as hollows are present near the peak.
To the north of Abu Nuwas are the craters Ts'ai Wen-Chi and Rodin. To the southwest is the crater Molière, and the crater Aśvaghosa can be found toward the south.
# Żychlin, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Żychlin (German: Zechlin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Potęgowo, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Potęgowo, 32 km (20 mi) east of Słupsk, and 73 km (45 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, and in 1648–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# George E. Brewer

The Reverend George Evans Brewer (October 31, 1832 – January 23, 1922) was an American historian, educator, legislator, and Baptist minister from the State of Alabama. He held office in the Alabama State Senate (1859–1863) and the Alabama House of Representatives (1857–1859), was elected to the office of Superintendent of Education of the County of Coosa, Alabama in 1856, and was appointed Adjutant General of Alabama by Governor Robert M. Patton in 1866.
# Niklas Graßelt

Niklas Graßelt (born 1993 in Berlin) is a German politician from the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He has been a member of the Berlin House of Representatives since 2023.

## Life

Graßelt graduated from high school at the Andreas-Gymnasium [de] in Berlin-Friedrichshain in 2012. He then studied political science and economics at the University of Greifswald. He completed his studies in 2017 with a Bachelor of Arts. From 2016 to 2021 he worked for Michael Dietmann [de], member of the Berlin House of Representatives. From 2021 to 2023 he worked at the Senate Department for Interior Affairs, Digitalization and Sport.
Graßelt lives in Berlin-Reinickendorf.

## Political career

Graßelt is a member of the CDU. From 2021 to 2023 he was a member of the Reinickendorf district council.
Graßelt ran in the election for the Berlin House of Representatives in 2021 and the repeat election in 2023 in seventh place on his party's Reinickendorf district list. After he missed entry into the Berlin state parliament in the 2021 election, he entered the House of Representatives in 2023 via the district list because Emine Demirbüken-Wegner [de] had decided not to accept her mandate.

## Weblinks

* Niklas Graßelt on the website of the Berlin House of Representatives
* Niklas Graßelt on the website of the CDU parliamentary group in the Berlin House of Representatives
# SMC Lähiörotat

SMC Lähiörotat is a group of Finnish rap artists with their songs focusing in the underground life of Helsinki. Their debut album Raffii Suomi-flättii [fi] was released on June 15, 2011. It peaked at #2 on the Finnish Album Chart.
SMC is known for their humorous skateboarding-themed songs and music videos and their extensive and innovative use of Helsinki slang . Their lyrics are often satirical portraits of skateboarding culture, petty criminal lifestyle and vandalism.

## History
### 2009–2011

The group became known from the YouTube video "SMC Hoodrats". It was filmed for a movie called Skatemaniacs, but also uploaded on YouTube in 2009. On the video, artists rap about good old times and hoods. It was directed by Pablo Films. The background music is originally from Mobb Deep's "Shook Ones (Part II)" instrumental version. The video got a lot of viewers in a short time and has been now watched over six million times. The song was named as "Northside nagetti" for the debut album Raffii Suomi-flättii. That version has a new beat, which tries to be more honest for the original "Shook Ones (Part II)".
The second video, "Lähiörotat skujaa" ("Cruising Hoodrats"), from SMC Lähiörotat came out in October 2010. It got over 100,000 views in four days and after two weeks it broke the line of million views. The theme of the song stays same. The video had same director and the beat was from two Finnish producers K.V.N & Lobo [fi]. The video is also visited by rap artist Notkea Rotta.
In 2011 SMC Lähiörotat got nominated in three different categories in appreciated Finnish music awards ceremony Emma-gaala.

### 2011-2015

In November 2012 SMC Lähiörotat's new music video of "Vastavirta" was published. Song was featured by Naispyy & Jinks. In May 2013 SMC Lähiörotat/Notkea Rotta - split 10"+CD was published.[9]
SMC Lähiörotat and Notkea Rotta published their EP on 21 February 2014. EP was released as only 666. copy edition in 10-inch vinyl. Through Full House Records, EP's first music video "Rottaradio" came out in November 2013.
In April 2015 group published a new album called ”Ja niin se menee”, with singles ”Lotioonit pannassa”, ”Bitumin katku”, ”Ja niin se menee” and previously released ”Vastavirta”. New album features Davo and Lataaja Wormisto from "Jätkäjätkät" -group.

### 2020-

On February 29, after 5-year hiatus, SMC Lähiörotat published their new song, "Suolaa haavoihin" with a new music video. One of the members, Juno doesn't appear on the video.

## Discography
### Albums

* 2011: Raffii Suomi-flättii [fi]
* 2015: Ja niin se menee

### Singles

* 2024: Ysikuudest Ikuisuuteen

### Music videos

* 2009: "Northside nagetti"
* 2010: "Lähiörotat skujaa" (feat. Notkea Rotta)
* 2011: "Yks risti kaks"
* "Raffii Suomi-flättii" (feat. Asa, HenryWho? & Ameeba)
* "Lahden sininen" (feat. El Maestro & Raikka)
* 2012: "Vastavirta" (feat. Naispyy & Jinks)
* 2013: "Rottaradio" (Notkea Rotta & SMC Lähiörotat)
* 2014: "Bitumin katku"
* 2015: "Ja niin se menee"
* 2020: "Suolaa haavoihin"
* 2024: "Ysikuudest Ikuisuuteen"
# Niaqunnguut

Niaqunnguut (Inuktitut syllabics: ᓂᐊᖁᙴᑦ formerly Cape Graham Moore, after Vice-Admiral Sir Graham Moore, is an uninhabited headland on Bylot Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located at the island's southeastern tip protruding into Lancaster Sound. The community of Pond Inlet is 70 km (43 mi) to the southwest.

## Geography

The habitat is characterized by rocky shores and coastal cliffs that reach an elevation of 150 m (490 ft) above sea level.

## Conservation

The cape is a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU068), an International Biological Program site (#7-5), Key Marine Habitat site (#15), and Key Migratory Bird Terrestrial Habitat site. Other IBAs on the island include Cape Hay and Southwest Bylot Plain. The cape is part of the Bylot Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary.

## Avifauna

Notable bird species include the black-legged kittiwake and thick-billed murre, both of which are colonial seabirds. The area is also frequented by bowhead whales, narwhals, polar bears, harp seals, and beluga whales.
# Amstrad CP/M Plus character set

The Amstrad CP/M Plus character set (alternatively known as PCW character set or ZX Spectrum +3 character set) is any of a group of 8-bit character sets introduced by Amstrad/Locomotive Software for use in conjunction with their adaptation of Digital Research's CP/M Plus on various Amstrad CPC / Schneider CPC and Amstrad PCW / Schneider Joyce machines. The character set was also used on the Amstrad ZX Spectrum +3 version of CP/M.
At least on the ZX Spectrum +3 it existed in eight language-specific variants (based on ISO/IEC 646) depending on the selected locale of the system: USA (default), France, Germany, UK, Denmark, Sweden, Italy and Spain.
Another slight variant of the character set was used by LocoScript.

## Character set

Amstrad CP/M Plus character set (Language 0) :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| 0x | ∞ | ⊙ | Γ | Δ | ⊗ | × | ÷ | ∴ | Π | ↓ | Σ | ← | → | ± | ↔ | Ω |
| 1x | α | β | γ | δ | ε | θ | λ | μ | π | ρ | σ | τ | φ | χ | ψ | ω |
| 2x | SP | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | ( | ) | * | + | , | - | . | / |
| 3x | 0︀ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? |
| 4x | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 5x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ↑ | _ |
| 6x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 7x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | 0 |
| 8x | ◾︎ | ╧ | ╟ | ╚ | ╤ | ║ | ╔ | ╠ | ╢ | ╝ | ═ | ╩ | ╗ | ╣ | ╦ | ╬ |
| 9x | · | ╵ | ╶ | └ | ╷ | │ | ┌ | ├ | ╴ | ┘ | ─ | ┴ | ┐ | ┤ | ┬ | ┼ |
| Ax | ª | º | ° | £ | © | ¶ | § | † | ¼ | ½ | ¾ | « | » | ₧ | ¿ | ¡ |
| Bx | ƒ | ¢ | ¨ | ´ | ˆ | ‰ | ⅛ | ⅜ | ⅝ | ⅞ | ß | ○ | • | ¥ | ® | ™ |
| Cx | Á | É | Í | Ó | Ú | Â | Ê | Î | Ô | Û | À | È | Ì | Ò | Ù | Ÿ |
| Dx | Ä | Ë | Ï | Ö | Ü | Ç | Æ | Å | Ø | Ñ | Ã | Õ | ≥ | ≤ | ≠ | ≃ |
| Ex | á | é | í | ó | ú | â | ê | î | ô | û | à | è | ì | ò | ù | ÿ |
| Fx | ä | ë | ï | ö | ü | ç | æ | å | ø | ñ | ã | õ | ⇒ | ⇐ | ⇔ | ≡ |
* 1 2 Code point 0x30 is intended for zero with a slash (Unicode standardized variant U+0030 U+FE00), 0x7F for zero without a slash. Both can be expressed as Unicode character U+0030, but of course if both are converted to the same code point the conversion is non-reversible.

## Language variants

In languages 1 to 7, certain characters in the range 0..127 are swapped with characters in the range 128..255 of the character set, as shown in the following table:
| Language | 0x23 | 0x40 | 0x5B | 0x5C | 0x5D | 0x5E | 0x60 | 0x7B | 0x7C | 0x7D | 0x7E |
| 0: USA | # | @ | [ | \ | ] | ^ | ` | { | | | } | ~ |
| 1: France | # | à | º | ç | § | ^ | ` | é | ù | è | ¨ |
| 2: Germany | # | § | Ä | Ö | Ü | ^ | ` | ä | ö | ü | ß |
| 3: UK | £ | @ | [ | \ | ] | ^ | ` | { | | | } | ~ |
| 4: Denmark | # | @ | Æ | Ø | Å | ^ | ` | æ | ø | å | ~ |
| 5: Sweden | # | É | Ä | Ö | Å | Ü | é | ä | ö | å | ü |
| 6: Italy | # | @ | º | \ | é | ^ | ù | à | ò | è | ì |
| 7: Spain | Pt | @ | ¡ | Ñ | ¿ | ^ | ` | ¨ | ñ | } | ~ |