OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael Young

Michael Young may refer to:

## Academics

* Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington (1915–2002), British life peer, sociologist and social activist
* Michael Young (educationalist), British educational theorist and sociologist
* Michael K. Young (born 1949), former president of Texas A&M University
* Michael W. Young (born 1949), American geneticist and chrono biologist (Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine)
* Michael W. Young (anthropologist) (born 1937), British anthropologist
* Mike Young (economist), Australian economist
* Mike Young (Royal Navy officer) (born 1967), British consultant and academic

## Arts and entertainment

* Michael Young (actor) (born 1952), host of Diaries of a Xenophobe and How to Make Love to an Immigrant
* Michael Young (industrial designer) (born 1966), British product and furniture designer
* Mike Young (producer) (born 1945), Welsh television producer and founder of Mike Young Productions
* Mike Young (game designer), American game designer, author, and entrepreneur
* Mike Young (Misfits), fictional character on British TV programme
* Mike Young (Neighbours), Australian soap opera character

## Politics

* Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington (1915–2002), British life peer, sociologist and social activist
* Michael Young (businessman) (1945–2023), British executive who facilitated the political process which led to the end of apartheid in South Africa
* Michael Young (Canadian politician) (1934–2010), Canadian mayor of Victoria, British Columbia
* R. Michael Young (born 1951), member of the Indiana Senate
* Michael Hughes-Young, 1st Baron St Helens (1912–1980), British army officer and politician
* Mike Young (agriculture official), American government official
* Mick Young (1936–1996), Australian House of Representatives

## Sports
### American football

* Mike Young (American football) (born 1962), American football wide receiver
* Michael Young Jr. (born 1999), American football wide receiver

### Baseball

* Michael Young (baseball) (born 1976), American baseball player
* Mike Young (baseball) (1960–2023), American baseball player
* Mike Young (cricket) (born 1955), Australian cricket coach and baseball manager

### Basketball

* Michael Young (basketball, born 1961), American basketball player
* Michael Young (basketball, born 1994), American basketball player
* Mike Young (basketball) (born 1963), American basketball coach

### Rugby

* Michael Young (rugby league) (born 1984), Australian rugby league player
* Micky Young (born 1988), English rugby union player

### Other sports

* Michael Young (bobsleigh) (born 1944), Canadian bobsledder
* Michael Young (Australian rules footballer) (1958–2018), Australian rules footballer
* Michael Young (judoka) (born 1958), Australian judoka

## Other

* Michael Young-Suk Oh (born 1971), Korean American evangelical
# Tetraphenylphosphonium chloride

Tetraphenylphosphonium chloride is the chemical compound with the formula [(C$_6$H$_5$)$_4$P]Cl, abbreviated Ph$_4$PCl or PPh$_4$Cl or [PPh$_4$]Cl, where Ph stands for phenyl. Tetraphenylphosphonium and especially tetraphenylarsonium salts were formerly of interest in gravimetric analysis of perchlorate and related oxyanions. This colourless salt is used to generate lipophilic salts from inorganic and organometallic anions. Thus, [Ph$_4$P]$^+$ is useful as a phase-transfer catalyst, again because it allows inorganic anions to dissolve in organic solvents.

## Structure and basic properties

The structure of this salt is [PPh$_4$]$^+$Cl$^−$. It consists of tetraphenylphosphonium cations [PPh$_4$]$^+$ and chloride anions Cl$^−$. The [PPh$_4$]$^+$ cation is tetrahedral.
PPh$_4$Cl crystallises as the anhydrous salt, which is the normal item of commerce, as well as a monohydrate and a dihydrate.
In X-ray crystallography, PPh+4 salts are of interest as they often crystallise easily. The rigidity of the phenyl groups facilitates packing and elevates the melting point relative to alkyl-based quaternary ammonium salts. Also, since these salts are soluble in organic media, a wide range of solvents can be employed for their crystallisation.
| constituent ions in the solid | space-filling model of part of the crystal structure | ball-and-stick model of part of the crystal structure |

## Preparation

[PPh$_4$]Cl and many analogous compounds can be prepared by the reaction of chlorobenzene with triphenylphosphine catalysed by nickel salts:
    PhCl + PPh$_3$ → [Ph$_4$P]Cl
The compound was originally prepared as the corresponding bromide salt (CAS No. 2751-90-8), which in turn was synthesized by passing dry oxygen through the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide and triphenylphosphine. The synthesis probably proceeds via the reaction of the Grignard reagent with triphenylphosphine oxide.
    PhMgBr + Ph$_3$PO → [Ph$_4$P]OMgBr
    [Ph$_4$P]OMgBr + HBr → [Ph$_4$P]Br + "Mg(OH)Br"

## Use in synthesis

Tetraphenylphosphonium salts of inorganic or organometallic anions are often sought because they are easily crystallized. They also tend to be soluble in polar organic solvents such as acetonitrile and dimethylformamide. Examples include the tetraphenylphosphonium perrhenate ([PPh$_4$]$^+$[ReO$_4$]$^−$) and various thiomolybdates. Complexes of maleonitriledithiolate are also isolated as their [PPh$_4$]$^+$ salts.
# Yūsuke Kawazu

Yūsuke Kawazu (Japanese: 川津 祐介, Hepburn: Yūsuke Kawazu, 12 May 1935 – 26 February 2022) was a Japanese actor.

## Life and career

Kawazu was born in Tokyo on 12 May 1935. While still a student at Keio University, Kawazu signed with Shochiku in 1958 and debuted in Kinoshita's The Eternal Rainbow. He became one of the studio's leading young stars, notably headlining Ōshima's Cruel Story of Youth in 1960. In later years he turned to character roles in film and television, also writing several books and establishing a reputation in calligraphy, painting, ceramics, and cooking. On 26 February 2022, he died of chronic heart failure at age 86.

## Selected filmography
### Films

* The Human Condition (1959)
* Cruel Story of Youth (1960)
* The River Fuefuki (1960)
* A Soldier's Prayer (1960)
* The Sun's Burial (1960)
* Killers on Parade (1961)
* Ken (1964)
* Manji (1964)
* Kiri no Hata (1965)
* Fighting Elegy (1966)
* Curse of the Blood (1968)
* Black Lizard (1968)
* Genocide (1968)
* Black Rose Mansion (1969) as Tsugawa
* Yakuza Zessyō (1970)
* Battle of Okinawa (1971)
* Young Girls in Love (1986)
* Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II (1993)
* Gamera 2: Attack of Legion (1996) as Akio Nojiri
* Gamera 3: The Revenge of Iris (1999) as Akio Nojiri
* Number Ten Blues (2013; filmed in 1975)

### Television

* Taikōki (1965) as Maeda Toshiie
* Wild 7 (1972–1983) as Masaru Kusanami
* G-Men '75 (1979–1981) as Yoshiaki Nagumo
* Akō Rōshi (1979) as Heihachi Kobayashi
* Kinpachi-sensei (1980–1981) as Teacher Kamibayashi
* Tokugawa Ieyasu (1983) as Shima Sakon
* Under the Same Roof (1993) as Takao Sakaki
# 1/3

1/3 or 1⁄3 may refer to:

## Dates

* January 3 (month-day date notation)
* 1 March (day-month date notation)
* January of the year 3 AD (month-year date notation)
* March of the year 2024 AD (year-month date notation)

## Other uses

* 1⁄3, a fraction of one third, or 0.3 in decimal.
* pre-decimal British sterling currency of 1 shilling and 3 pence
* 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines, United States infantry battalion
* One/Three, a 20
* Loona 1/3, a Loona spin-off
# UAP

UAP may refer to:

## People

* Unlicensed assistive personnel

## Places

* Yap Island

### Facilities and structures

* Tour UAP, an office skyscraper in La Défense, Paris

## Computing

* Uniform access principle
* User Account Protection in Microsoft Windows Vista
* User Agent Profiling

## Education

* Universidad Adventista del Plata, Argentina
* Universidad Alas Peruanas, Peru
* University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
* University of Alabama Press
* University of Asia and the Pacific, Philippines
* University of Asia Pacific, Bangladesh

## Science

* Ununited anconeal process, a common cause of elbow dysplasia in dogs

## Organizations

* United American Patriots
* United Architects of the Philippines
* Urban Art Projects, Australian art fabricator
* United Australia Party
* United Australia Party (2013)
# Yavesía Zapotec

Yavesía Zapotec, also known as Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec (Zapoteco del Sureste de Ixtlán) and Latuvi Zapotec, is a Zapotec language of Oaxaca, Mexico.
# Pudge MacKenzie

Clarence Addison "Pudge" MacKenzie (July 11, 1906 - June 11, 1960) was an American-born Canadian ice hockey player. He played 36 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1932–33 season. Before playing in the NHL, MacKenzie (who grew up in Calgary, Canada) had played at the collegiate level with Marquette and in the American Hockey Association with the Chicago Shamrocks, the St. Paul Greyhounds and the Tulsa Oilers. Afterwards, he returned to the AHA and played with the Kansas City Greyhounds, retiring in 1940. During two seasons, he was a player-coach with the team.

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1926–27 | Marquette University | NCAA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1927–28 | Marquette University | NCAA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1928–29 | Marquette University | NCAA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1929–30 | Marquette University | NCAA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1930–31 | Chicago Shamrocks | AHA | 42 | 10 | 6 | 16 | 55 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1931–32 | Chicago Shamrocks | AHA | 48 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 45 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| 1932–33 | St. Paul Greyhounds | AHA | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1932–33 | Tulsa Oilers | AHA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1932–33 | Chicago Black Hawks | NHL | 36 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1933–34 | Kansas City Greyhounds | AHA | 48 | 14 | 13 | 27 | 43 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 1934–35 | Kansas City Greyhounds | AHA | 46 | 4 | 21 | 25 | 42 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 1935–36 | Kansas City Greyhounds | AHA | 43 | 12 | 15 | 27 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1936–37 | Kansas City Greyhounds | AHA | 45 | 7 | 16 | 23 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 1937–38 | Kansas City Greyhounds | AHA | 48 | 15 | 20 | 35 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1938–39 | Kansas City Greyhounds | AHA | 46 | 9 | 35 | 44 | 15 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1939–40 | Kansas City Greyhounds | AHA | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1939–40 | St. Louis Flyers | AHA | 40 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 28 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| AHA totals | AHA totals | AHA totals | 416 | 85 | 142 | 227 | 280 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 12 |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 36 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 13 | — | — | — | — | — |
# Michel Monet

Michel Monet (17 March 1878 – 3 February 1966) was the second son of Claude Monet and Camille Doncieux Monet.

## Early life

Born on 17 March 1878, 26 rue d'Édimbourg, in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, where the Monets had moved from Argenteuil, Michel Monet was the younger of Claude and Camille Monet's two sons. His mother's already failing health worsened after his birth and she died on 5 September 1879, probably of uterine cancer. Michel's elder brother, Jean, was born in 1867.
Since 1877, year of Ernest Hoschedé's bankruptcy, Alice Hoschedé and her six children had been living with the Monets. The two families moved from Paris to Vétheuil in August 1878 and after Camille's death in 1879, Monet, Alice and the eight children continued living together. In 1881, they moved to Poissy and in April 1883 to Giverny. Alice managed the household and supervised the education of the Monet and Hoschedé children.

## Paintings by Claude Monet that include Michel

* Michel Monet au bonnet à pompom ("Portrait of Michel in a Pompom Hat"), 1880, currently at (Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris).
* Le jardin de Monet à Vétheuil ("Monet's garden at Vétheuil"), 1880, Michel Monet and Jean-Pierre Hoschedé, with Alice Hoschedé in background. Currently at (National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.).
* Jean-Pierre Hoschedé et Michel Monet au bord de l'Epte, 1890, currently at National Gallery of Canada.

## World War I

Michel Monet and his step-brother Jean-Pierre Hoschedé served in the French Army during World War I.

## Marriage

Michel Monet married Gabrielle Bonaventure in 1927. The couple had no children. Gabrielle died 2 February 1964.

## Claude Monet estate

When Claude Monet died in 1926, as his sole heir, Michel inherited the entire estate. Michel never spent time in Giverny and Blanche Hoschedé Monet, his stepsister and sister-in-law, became the caretaker of the house and garden until her death in 1947. Louis Lebret, who had been Monet's head gardener, stayed on to help Blanche. After her death the garden was neglected.

## Death

Michel Monet, a car enthusiast, died in a car crash in nearby Vernon on 3 February 1966, at the age of 87, a month before his 88th birthday. He had bequeathed the estate to the Académie des beaux-arts. From 1977 onwards, Gérald Van der Kemp, then curator at the Château de Versailles, played a key role in the restoration of Claude Monet's house and gardens, which had been left in a desolate state. In a bid to raise funds, he and his wife Florence appealed to American donors through the "Versailles Foundation-Giverny Inc."
In 1966, Michel Monet had left to the Musée Marmottan Monet his own collection of his father's work, thus creating the world's largest collection of Monet paintings.
Michel Monet is buried in Claude Monet's vault in the Giverny cemetery, which adjoins the village Sainte Radegonde church.
# Nuclear Safeguards Act 2000

The Nuclear Safeguards Act 2000 (2000 c. 5) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom. Its effect was to enact in the UK the provisions of the 1998 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

## Background

Prior to the Gulf war Iraq had been undertaking a secret nuclear weapons programme, despite having a safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency. It was therefore thought appropriate to strengthen the international nuclear safeguards system by allowing the agency rights of access to nuclear facilities. These new powers were enacted by the provisions of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 22 September 1998.
The act gives the UK Government the power to provide a strengthened nuclear safeguards system in the United Kingdom. It provides an additional protocol to the nuclear safeguards agreement with the European Atomic Energy Community and the International Atomic Energy Agency.

## Provisions

Long title: An Act to enable effect to be given to the protocol signed at Vienna on 22nd September 1998 additional to the agreement for the application of safeguards in the United Kingdom in connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; to allow effect to be given to that agreement in certain territories outside the United Kingdom; and for connected purposes.
The Act received Royal Assent on 25th May 2000.
The Act comprises 12 Sections:
* Section 1. Interpretation.
* Section 2. Information and records for purposes of the Additional Protocol.
* Section 3. Identifying persons who have information.
* Section 4. Powers of entry in relation to Additional Protocol information.
* Section 5. Rights of access etc. for Agency inspectors.
* Section 6. Restriction on disclosure.
* Section 7. Giving false or misleading information.
* Section 8. Power to search and obtain evidence.
* Section 9. Penalty for offences and offences by bodies corporate.
* Section 10. Service of notices.
* Section 11. Minor and consequential amendments.
* Section 12. Short title etc.
# Next Magazine (Hong Kong and Taiwan)

Next Magazine was an online Hong Kong weekly magazine from 1990 to 2021. Owned by Jimmy Lai, the magazine was the number one news magazine in both markets in terms of audited circulation and AC Nielsen reports. A Taiwanese version of Next Magazine was published from 2001 to 2018, and the online version of Taiwan's Next Magazine ended in 2020.

## History

Founded on 15 March 1990, Next magazine was the second most popular magazine in Hong Kong, until Jimmy Lai's other magazine, Sudden Weekly, shuttered in 2015. It was published every Wednesday and cost 20 HKD. Next Magazine covered current affairs, political, economic, social and business issues, and entertainment news. The final print edition of the Hong Kong Next Magazine was published on 15 March 2018. After the sister newspaper, Apple Daily and its parent company were raided by Hong Kong police due to national security law charges and its executives were arrested, the online publication of Next Magazine ended on 23 June 2021.
Next Magazine Taiwan branch was established in 2001 and its first issue was published on 31 May 2001. With strong TV advertising support, the first issue's print run of 270,000 sold out within four hours. Although the two magazines had the same structure, Taiwanese Next magazine was locally edited and its contents were different from its sister publication in Hong Kong. It was published every Thursday and cost NTD 75. The Taiwanese Next Magazine published its last print edition on 4 April 2018. Online publication of Next Magazine in Taiwan ended on 29 February 2020.

### Legal proceedings

In 2012, Next Magazine and sister publication Apple Daily lost a legal action in the High Court of Hong Kong over libel damages from publishing a story alleging that actress Zhang Ziyi sold sexual favours to former Chinese politician Bo Xilai and other clients for nearly US$1 million per night.

## Major court cases involved (Citations)

* Next Magazine publishing ltd & anor v Ma Ching Fat [2003] 1 HKC 579
* Morinda international Hong Kong ltd v Next Magazine publishing ltd & ors [2003] 1 HKC 492
* Oriental press group ltd & anor v Next Magazine publishing ltd & ors [2001] 3 HKC 159
* Next Magazine publishing ltd & ors v Oriental Daily publisher ltd [2000] 2 HKC 557
* China youth development ltd v Next Magazine publishing ltd & ors (HCA6206/1994)
* Hong Kong polytechnic university v Next magazine [1996] 2 HKLR 260

## Related

Founder of Next Magazine, Jimmy Lai, was the subject of a 2022 documentary film titled, The Hong Konger: Jimmy Lai's Extraordinary Struggle for Freedom produced by American think tank, the Acton Institute. The film received widespread praise from critics. The film described the struggles of Jimmy Lai in his attempts at keeping Next Magazine from being forced to close, as well as Lai's efforts to keep other businesses open in light of the new rules restricting freedom of speech enacted after the passage of the Hong Kong national security law.
# Samuel Vestal

Samuel Vestal (November 16, 1844 – January 9, 1928) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington State Senate from 1889 to 1893.
# Yvonne Visser

Yvonne Visser (born 9 July 1965) is a Canadian former biathlete who competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics. Visser came from Millarville, Alberta, and was sponsored by Calgary merchants.
At the Winter Olympics in 1992, Visser finished 59th in a field of 69 on the Les Saisies biathlon course for the 7.5 kilometre sprint. In the World Cup Biathlon in March 1993 in Lillehammer, Norway, Visser came in 64th in a field of 69.
# C. G. Austin

Charles G. Austin (March 18, 1846 – October 21, 1925) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington State Senate from 1889 to 1893.
# The Beam (fairy tale)

"The Beam" (German: Der Hahnenbalken) is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm as tale 149. It is Aarne-Thompson type 987, False Magician Exposed by Clever Girl, with an episode like type 1290, A Fool Mistakes a Flax Field for a Lake.

## Synopsis

A magician shows a rooster carrying a beam. A girl carrying a four-leafed clover realizes and declares that it is just a straw, not a beam. When she marries, the magician enchants her to think she sees a stream and then breaks it after she has hiked up her skirts to cross.
# L. H. Coon

Lewis H. Coon (October 6, 1842 – June 4, 1903) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897.
# James Haffey

James Haffey (February 8, 1857 – November 11, 1910) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897.
# R. K. Kegley

Rufus K. Kegley (May 21, 1828 – March 12, 1903) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1895 to 1897, alongside W. E. Runner.
# Platt A. Preston

Platt Adams Preston (November 1, 1837 – March 12, 1900) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington State Senate from 1889 to 1893 (1889–91 for district 8, 1891–93 for district 10).
# Squirrel with a Gun

Squirrel with a Gun is an indie action-adventure game developed by Dee Dee Creations and published by Maximum Entertainment. It was released on August 29, 2024, on Windows, and on October 15, 2024 for the Xbox Series X/S and PlayStation 5. The player controls a squirrel that wields a gun as it escapes a secret underground facility and pesters the residents of a neighborhood. The game takes inspiration from the Yakuza franchise and Shadow of the Colossus and has been compared to games such as Untitled Goose Game and Goat Simulator.

## Gameplay

In Squirrel with a Gun, players take control of an ordinary squirrel that wields various firearms to navigate a suburban environment. The game is primarily a sandbox experience, where players can explore the world, interact with objects, and engage in combat with NPCs, including local residents and agents attempting to capture the squirrel. The squirrel's primary ability is using guns, of which it has a multitude of weapons that it can use ranging from pistols, shotguns, sniper rifles, and a RPG. These weapons can be used to kill the enemy "agents" that pursue the squirrel throughout the game or can be used to clear platforming puzzles that reward a collectable item, a golden acorn.
In addition to fighting enemies, players can engage in non-violent activities such as stealing food from residents or helping NPCs complete tasks. While the game's tone is humorous and chaotic, it also includes stealth elements, allowing the squirrel to sneak past enemies or set up ambushes. The squirrel also has a range of costumes it can wear.

## Plot

A gray squirrel breaks into a top-secret lab and mistakenly eats a special hard drive that is shaped like an acorn, enhancing its intelligence. This triggers a lockdown, prompting agents to pursue it. Upon seeing a handgun dropped nearby it, the squirrel takes it and uses it to escape the secret underground facility and cause havoc in a residential neighborhood.
As the squirrel wreaks destructive chaos, it battles against the endless agents attempting to capture it, including their leaders, Father and Mother.

## Reception

Travis Northup for IGN rated the game 6/10, praising the gameplay as a squirrel, but condemns a few technical issues faced when played. He also stated that the squirrel is "like a furry John Wick."
# Loom, West Virginia

Loom is an unincorporated community in Hampshire County, West Virginia, United States. Loom (sometimes referred to as Loom Cemetery) is located between Capon Bridge and Hanging Rock along the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50) on the western flanks of Cooper Mountain. Timber Mountain Road (County Route 50/22) and Beck's Gap Road (County Route 50/23) converge at Loom on U.S. Route 50.
The community's name was selected from a postal directory for its brevity.

## Historic site

* Central United Methodist Church & Cemetery, US Route 50 East

## Image gallery

* Central United Methodist Church and Cemetery along Northwestern Pike (U.S. Route 50) at Loom
* Central United Methodist Church and Cemetery along Northwestern Pike (U.S. Route 50) at Loom
* Central United Methodist Church and Cemetery along Northwestern Pike (U.S. Route 50) at Loom