# Zolotonosha

Zolotonosha (Ukrainian: Золотоноша, IPA: ) is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast (region) in central Ukraine. Located at around 49°40′N 32°2′E﻿ / ﻿49.667°N 32.033°E﻿ / 49.667; 32.033, the city serves as the administrative center of Zolotonosha Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Zolotonosha urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 27,206 (2022 estimate).
Zolotonosha is located on the Zolotonoshka River, a tributary of the Dnipro River within 30 km (19 mi) of the oblast's administrative center, Cherkasy. The city is also located on the railroad line from Bakhmach to Odesa, and on the freeway from Kyiv to Kremenchuk and from Cherkasy to Shramkivka.

## Administrative status

Until 18 July, 2020, Zolotonosha was designated as a city of oblast significance and belonged to Zolotonosha Municipality but not to the Zolotonosha Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four, the city was merged into the Zolotonosha Raion.

## History

Zolotonosha was first mentioned in written works around 1576. In 1635 Zolotonosha was granted the Magdeburg rights. From 1640 to 1648, the town was directly ruled by Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, a Polish magnate. After 1796 it was incorporated into Malorossia and then in 1802 became a part of Poltava Governate, meaning that Jews were allowed to settle in the city and started to gradually arrive in larger numbers.
There was a pogrom in October 1905, which ended with much of the town being burned down and Jews being targeted.
Following the Ukrainian War of Independence (1917–1921), Zolotonosha became part of the Ukrainian SSR, a republic of the Soviet Union. During this period, there were two more pogroms, one on April 24, 1919 committed by local bandits, and another on May 12 committed by Red Army troops.
In 1939, the 2,087 members of the Jewish community comprised 11.4% of the town's total population. In September 1941, 300 Jews were murdered in a mass execution. On 22 November, 1941, in Strunkovka, just northwest of the town, more than 3,500 Jews were killed in another massacre. The city was liberated by the Red Army in September 1943. When the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, the city became part of Ukraine.

## Population
### Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:
* $^a$ Those who did not indicate their native language or indicated a language that was native to less than 1% of the local population.

## Geography
### Climate

Climate data for Zolotonosha (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) | 1.0 (33.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 15.9 (60.6) | 22.3 (72.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.2 (81.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 13.7 (56.7) | 5.7 (42.3) | 0.9 (33.6) | 14.0 (57.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | −2.6 (27.3) | 2.3 (36.1) | 10.0 (50.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.5 (68.9) | 14.8 (58.6) | 8.4 (47.1) | 2.6 (36.7) | −1.8 (28.8) | 9.0 (48.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) | −5.7 (21.7) | −1.5 (29.3) | 4.6 (40.3) | 10.0 (50.0) | 14.0 (57.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 14.2 (57.6) | 9.3 (48.7) | 4.1 (39.4) | 0.0 (32.0) | −3.8 (25.2) | 4.6 (40.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) | 35 (1.4) | 42 (1.7) | 31 (1.2) | 63 (2.5) | 72 (2.8) | 68 (2.7) | 47 (1.9) | 54 (2.1) | 44 (1.7) | 39 (1.5) | 42 (1.7) | 575 (22.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.3 | 7.0 | 8.2 | 6.4 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 8.3 | 87.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.8 | 82.4 | 76.6 | 67.2 | 66.8 | 69.1 | 70.5 | 69.4 | 74.9 | 80.9 | 86.2 | 87.2 | 76.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 42 | 67 | 126 | 190 | 270 | 297 | 304 | 283 | 190 | 117 | 43 | 30 | 1,959 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Monuments of architecture

* Preobrazhenska Church of the Krasnohirsky Monastery. Designed by Ivan Hryhorovych-Barskyi in the Ukrainian Baroque style; built in 1767–1771.
* Sviato-Uspenskyi Cathedral, 1909.
* Statue of Taras Shevchenko, 1924–1926.

## People

* Ivan Poddubny (26 September, 1871 (Krasenivka village)–8 August, 1949, Yeysk) Russian and Soviet singles wrestler and multiple-time world wrestling champion
* Isaac Boleslavsky (9 June, 1919–14 February, 1977, Minsk) Jewish chess grandmaster
* Ber Borochov (4 July, 1881–17 December, 1917, Kyiv) Jewish founder of the Poale Zion party and supporter of the Red Army
* Abe Elenkrieg (1878–1965) American klezmer musician
* Meyer Kanewsky (c. 1880–1924) American Hazzan and opera singer