OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghulam Mohiddin Gunga

Ghulam Mohiddin Gunga (20 June 1934, in Kabul) is a former Afghanistan wrestler, who competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the light-heavyweight freestyle event.
# Linden General Hospital

Linden General Hospital was "a 78-bed private health facility in a rundown part of Brooklyn's East New York section." It was a "two-story brick" building located at 501 New Lots Avenue.

## History

The building previously housed Riverdale Hospital.
Linden General Hospital was founded as a privately owned hospital in 1933, and sold twice, once to a dentist, the second time to two doctors. Fees for service to patients from Medicaid and Medicare comprised "most of" their income. Due to various lackings, the hospital lost accreditation and subsequently funding. It subsequently closed, and the 1920-built building became a homeless shelter.

### Loss of funding

For "life-threatening fire and health violations", Linden General lost certification and funding but this situation, due to insufficient coordination among Federal, state and city oversight authorities, did not lead to an immediate closure. One factor was that the state "did not have legal jurisdiction over proprietary hospitals in the city" were initially observed. Following "lengthy legal battles in which the state was hampered by lack of staff" the hospital closed.
# Wendy Botha

Wendy Botha (born 22 August 1965) is a four-time world surfing champion. She won her first title as a South African citizen in 1987, then she became an Australian citizen and won three more titles in 1989, 1991, and 1992. She also posed nude for Australian Playboy for the September issue of 1992. Botha married New Zealand rugby league international and television star Brent Todd in 1993. They had two children, Jessica and Ethan, and split in about 2005.
Botha was inducted into the Surfing Walk of Fame in Huntington Beach, California in 2009 as that year's Woman of the Year. In October 2018, she was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame.
# When Fish Ride Bicycles

When Fish Ride Bicycles is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo The Cool Kids. Released on July 12, 2011, under Green Label Sound Records, this would also be their second and final release under a major label. The album features the collaborations production, from Chuck Inglish (one half of the duo), The Neptunes, and Travis Barker, along with appearances from Bun B, Ghostface Killah, Travis Barker, and Asher Roth. This is the first studio recording of the group after the mixtape Tacklebox, in the beginning of 2010. The song Swimsuits is used on a Mountain Dew Commercial.

## Development

When Fish Ride Bicycles was announced to be 92% complete on February 16, 2009, by Chuck Inglish on their blog. Numerous delays kept pushing the album back and a majority of the original material was released on the Gone Fishing and Tackclebox mixtapes.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Blare | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Consequence of Sound | |
| Okayplayer | (81/100) |
| PopMatters | (8/10) |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Spin | (8/10) |
| URB | |
| XXL | (XL) |
When Fish Ride Bicycles received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, the album received an average score of 75 out of 100, based on 21 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews". The album title was a trending topic on Twitter.

## Track listing

Notes
* The CD and vinyl versions feature three extra songs: 'Freak City', 'Flying Kites', and 'Talk of The Town'. The tracklist on this version has a different track order.
# A. Otis Arnold

Arvin Otis Arnold (January 24, 1878 – September 11, 1941) was an American businessman and politician.

## Biography

Arnold was born near Bigneck, Illinois, He graduated from Maplewood High School in Camp Point, Illinois. He was the owner of the Arnold Printery Company in Quincy, Illinois. Arnold served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1919 to 1929. He was a Republican. Arnold then served in the Illinois Senate in 1941. He died while still in office. Arnold died at a hospital in Quincy, Illinois after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage while working at his printing plant.
# Francesco Jacomoni

Viceré Marchese Francesco Jacomoni di San Savino (31 August 1893 – 17 February 1973) was an Italian diplomat and minister to Albania before World War II. He was appointed governor of the Italian protectorate of Albania after its Invasion.

## Biography

He was born in Reggio di Calabria on 31 August 1893 to a banker's family. In 1914 he enlisted in the army for his national service. Named Lieutenant of Fortress Artillery in June 1915, Jacomoni participated in the campaigns of the Italian Front of World War I. At the same time, he pursued his studies in Law at the University of Rome, and graduated in July 1916.
In May 1919 he was appointed as a member of the Italian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, and worked as a liaison with the Austrian, Hungarian and later Bulgarian delegations. In October 1919 he was appointed as secretary in the Italian embassy at Bucharest, a post he held until recalled to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in August 1920. In the next few years he served in various diplomatic missions and delegations as a secretary, including a brief mission to Albania in April 1926, where he laid much groundwork for the Italo-Albanian Friendship and Mutual Assistance Treaty of November 1926.
On his return, he became a close associate of Dino Grandi, then Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs and soon to become Minister. Initially head of the Ministry's Historical Service but late rising to be deputy head of Grandi's ministerial office, he participated in a number of missions to the Italian delegations to international conferences regarding the Dawes and Young plans, or the London Naval Conference 1930.
In October 1932, Jacomoni married Maja Cavallero, the daughter of General (and later Marshal) Ugo Cavallero. During the next few years, he was engaged mainly in Geneva at the League of Nations. He was appointed as minister to the Kingdom of Albania from 9 September 1936 until shortly after the Italian invasion of Albania in April 1939. On 17 April he was promoted to ambassadorial rank and on 22 April he became the country's Viceroy (Luogotenente del Re, "Lieutenant-General of the King"). Jacomoni retained this post, which made him the country's effective governor, during much of the Italian occupation.
He was replaced with General Alberto Pariani on 18 March 1943, after his policy of severe repression had failed to halt the growth of the Albanian Resistance movement.
After the war, he was tried along with other senior officials of the Fascist regime, and sentenced by the Italian High Court to 24 years imprisonment on 12 March 1945. He was however released with the general amnesty issued by the Italian government in June 1946, and his sentence was finally commuted altogether in March 1948.
He published his memoirs on his tenure in Albania under the title of La politica dell'Italia in Albania in 1965, and died in Rome on 17 February 1973.
# Nilamber and Pitamber

Nilamber and Pitamber were tribal brothers and freedom fighters from Jharkhand, eastern India, who led a revolt against the East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. They were born into a family of Bhogta clan of Kharwar tribe in the village Chemo-Senya in Latehar district, a Chotanagpur plateau region of Jharkhand. Their father, Chemu Singh, was Jagirdar. They decided to declare themselves independent of company rule, inspired by the Doronda Revolt in Ranchi led by Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo and Pandey Ganpat Rai. Chero Jagirdar Devi Baksh Rai joined them.
On 21 October, 1857, 500 people, led by Nilamber and Pitamber, attacked Raghubar Dayal, who had sided with the British, at Chainpur. Then they caused heavy destruction at Lesliganj. Lt. Graham was not able to suppress the revolt with only 50 people on his side, and rebels besieged Lt. Graham in the house of Raghubar Dayal.
In December 1857, two companies under Major Cotter arrived and were able to capture Devi Baksh Rai. To suppress further revolts, Commissioner Dalton arrived in Palamu from Ranchi with Madras Infantry, Ramgarh cavalry and soldiers of the Pithoria Parganait on 21 January, 1858. He and Graham attacked Palamu Fort, which was occupied by rebels. Nilamber and Pitamber were forced to flee due to the strength of British forces.
Edward Tuite Dalton got Babu Kunwar Singh's letter to Nilambar and Naklait Majhi, who had asked for immediate help. Dalton planned to suppress the rebellion prior to the help of Kunwar Singh. Nilamber and Pitamber continued to fight against the British, by hiding in forests. Eventually they were arrested and hanged on 28 March, 1859 by British forces in Lesliganj.

## Commemoration

* Nilamber-Pitamber University
* Indian Institute of Management Ranchi honored the valiant heroes in 2024 by renaming its primary academic buildings (previously AB-1 & AB-2) as Nilamber Block & Pitamber Block. These blocks, now integral to IIM Ranchi’s landscape, embody not only architectural significance but serve as perpetual reminders of the enduring spirit of India’s freedom fighters.
# Ronald A. Hites

Ronald A. Hites was an American chemist, currently a distinguished professor at Indiana University, and also a published author. He is a Fellow of the American Chemical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science and also founded the Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.
Ronald Hites was a Distinguished Professor Emeritus; Director, Hites Laboratory. his expertise included applying organic analytical chemistry techniques to the analysis of trace levels of toxic pollutants, especially polybrominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides.
Education Ph.D., Analytical Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1968 B.A., Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, 1964
Distinguished Professor Emeritus Ronald Hites was an environmental chemist specializing in the behavior of potentially toxic organic compounds. He had been with O'Neill since 1979, following 15 years at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received his doctorate in analytical chemistry.
Prof. Hites published six books, nearlyto 500 scientific papers, and supervised about 90 post-doctoral associates and graduate students.
Recent work involved the use of mass spectrometry to analyze trace levels of potentially toxic chemicals in the Great Lakes basin, including discontinued and alternative flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. He also studied the atmospheric transport of these chemicals throughout the environment.
Prof. Hites was a Fellow of the American Chemical Society, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
He received the 2016 Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Association for Great Lakes Research, the 1993 Founders Award from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry and the 1991 Award for Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology from the American Chemical Society.
Between 1990-2018, he was an associate editor of Environmental Science and Technology.
In 1988, Hites spearheaded the creation of the Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry while serving as president of that society. The Ron Hites Award is now given annually the best paper in that journal.
Ronald Hites passed away on January 5, 2024.
# Wilma Shakespear

Wilma Joyce Shakespear AM (born 4 March 1943), previously known as Wilma Ritchie, is a former Australia netball international, Australia head coach and sports administrator. As a player, she represented Australia at the 1963 World Netball Championships, winning a gold medal. Shakespear coached Australia at the 1971, 1979 and 1987 World Netball Championships and at the 1989 World Games. Shakespear also served as head netball coach at the Australian Institute of Sport. Shakespear is married to Peter Shakespear, a former Australian rower.
In the 1992 Australia Day Honours, Shakespear was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) "for service to sports, particularly netball." As a sports administrator she was the founding director of both the Queensland Academy of Sport and the English Institute of Sport. In 2010 she was inducted into the Australian Netball Hall of Fame.

## Playing career

As Wilma Ritchie, Shakespear represented Australia at the inaugural 1963 World Netball Championships winning a gold medal. She made seven senior appearances for Australia.

## Coaching career
### Australia

Shakespear coached Australia at the 1971, 1979 and 1987 World Netball Championships and at the 1989 World Games. Under Shakespear, Australia were gold medalists in 1971 and 1979 and silver medalists in 1987 and 1989.
* Tournaments
* 1971 World Netball Championships
* 1979 World Netball Championships
* 1987 World Netball Championships
* 1989 World Games

### Australian Institute of Sport

Between 1981 and 1990, Shakespear served as head coach at the Australian Institute of Sport. She was the first head coach of the AIS netball program.

## Sports administrator

| Position | Employer | Years |
| Manager | Australian Institute of Sport | 1990–1991 |
| Director | Queensland Academy of Sport | 1991– |
| Director | English Institute of Sport | 2001–2008 |
| Director | Netball Australia | 2011–2013 |

## Honours
### Player
#### Australia

* World Netball Championships
** Winners: 1963

### Head coach
#### Australia

* World Netball Championships
** Winners: 1971, 1979
** Runners up: 1987
* World Games
** Runners up: 1989

#### Individual

* Australian Netball Hall of Fame
** Inducted: 2010
** Elevated to Legend: 2021
# Matej Fras

Matej Fras (born 3 October 1976) is a Slovenian retired football midfielder.
# Cutaneous receptor

A cutaneous receptor is a sensory receptor found in the skin that provides information about temperature, touch (including vibration and pain), spatial orientation,pressure (stretching or squeezing), and metabolic circumstances (including those induced by external chemical substances). The main four types of cutaneous receptors are tactile corpuscles, bulbous corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and Merkel nerve endings, although the latter do not qualify as sensory corpuscles in the narrow sense.

## Types

The sensory receptors in the skin are:
* Mechanoreceptors
** Bulbous corpuscles (skin stretch)
** Bulboid corpuscles (Cold)
** Tactile corpuscles (changes in texture, slow vibrations)
** Pacinian corpuscles (deep pressure, fast vibrations)
** Merkel nerve endings (sustained touch and pressure)
** Free nerve endings
* thermoreceptor
* nociceptors
* chemoreceptors

## Modalities

With the above-mentioned receptor types the skin can sense the modalities touch, pressure, vibration, temperature and pain. The modalities and their receptors are partly overlapping, and are innervated by different kinds of fiber types.
Cutaneous receptors :
| Modality | Type | Fiber type |
| Touch | Rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors (tactile corpuscles Pacinian corpuscles hair follicle receptors some free nerve endings) | Aβ fibers |
| Touch and pressure | Slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Merkel nerve ending and bulbous corpuscles some free nerve endings) | Aβ fibers (Merkel and Ruffini's), Aδ fibers (free nerve endings) |
| Vibration | Tactile corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles | Aβ fibers |
| Temperature | Thermoreceptors | Aδ fibers (cold receptors) C fibers (warmth receptors) |
| Pain and Itch | Free nerve ending nociceptors | Aδ fibers (Nociceptors of neospinothalamic tract) C fibers (Nociceptors of paleospinothalamic tract) |

## Morphology

Cutaneous receptors are at the ends of afferent neurons. works within the capsule. Ion channels are situated near these networks.
In sensory transduction, the afferent nerves transmit through a series of synapses in the central nervous system, first in the spinal cord, the ventrobasal portion of the thalamus, and then on to the somatosensory cortex.
# 5ive (disambiguation)

5ive, or Five, is a British boy band.
5ive may also refer to:
* Five (Five album), 1998
* 5ive (American band), an instrumental band from Boston
* "5ive", a song by Medicine from Shot Forth Self Living
* 5ive (web series), a 2016 Nigerian series
* The 5ive, a BET television show
* 5ive (Davido album), 2025
# Płotówko

Płotówko (Polish pronunciation:) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bytów, within Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Bytów and 85 km (53 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
# Henry W. Austin

Henry Warren Austin (January 22, 1864 – June 25, 1947) was an American politician and businessman.

## Biography

Austin was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He went to the Oak Park and Chicago public schools. Austin also went to Williams College. He served as the president of the Oak Park Trust and Savings Bank. Austin also served as president of the Cicero, Illinois School Board and as treasurer of the village of Oak Park. Austin served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1903 to 1909 and in the Illinois Senate from 1915 to 1923. He was a Republican. His father Henry W. Austin Sr. also served in the Illinois General Assembly. Austin died at his home in Oak Park, Illinois from heart problems.
# Mount Edwards (Colorado)

Mount Edwards is a high mountain summit in the Rocky Mountains' Front Range of North America. The 13,856-foot (4,223 m) thirteener is located in Arapaho National Forest, 7.6 miles (12.3 km) southwest (bearing 223°) of the Town of Georgetown, Colorado, United States, on the Continental Divide between Clear Creek and Summit counties.
# Paul Hamlyn Foundation

Paul Hamlyn Foundation is a registered charity, and a company limited by guarantee, which has been established in its current form since 2004, succeeding an earlier incarnation that was founded in 1987, which itself formalised established philanthropic giving by Paul Hamlyn that had been ongoing since 1972.
It is an independent grant-making foundation, making grants to individuals and organisations in the UK to help people overcome disadvantage. The foundation focuses on supporting children and young adults, especially in pursuit of the arts.
The Foundation is located in Kings Cross, London, with around 40 staff members. Trustees include Jane Hamlyn (Chair), Tim Bunting, Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead, Michael Hamlyn, Charles Leadbeater, James Lingwood, Dr Jan McKenley-Simpson, Sir Anthony Salz, Claire Whitaker and Tom Wylie.

## History

The Foundation was established by Paul Hamlyn, an entrepreneurial publisher and philanthropist. Born Paul Bertrand Wolfgang Hamburger in Berlin in 1926, he came to the UK as a migrant in 1933 to escape Nazi persecution.

## Current focuses
### UK investment

The Paul Hamlyn Foundation works in the UK. The foundation set down six priorities in June 2015:
* Helping imaginative people nurture great ideas;
* Widening access to participation in the arts;
* Education and learning in the arts;
* Evidence gathering through the arts;
* Supporting development and growth of organisations that invest in young people; and
* Improving support for young people who migrate and those affected by migration.

### Awards for Artists

Paul Hamlyn Foundation established Awards for Artists in 1994, supporting individuals to develop their creative ideas at a timely moment in their careers, with no strings attached. Ten awards of £60,000 each are made annually; five to visual artists and five to composers. Previous recipients have included Yinka Shonibare, Phyllida Barlow, Eliza Carthy and Jeremy Deller.
In 2020, due to the Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage, the foundation announced that the usual competitive selection process for the program would be removed, and that instead each of the more than 100 previously nominated eligible applicants would automatically receive £10,000.

### India

Paul Hamlyn Foundation has been working in India since 1992 and has been able to provide support for 200 projects. The Foundation’s three main aims for investment in India are to enable vulnerable communities living in priority geographical areas to improve their lives; to enable especially vulnerable people living anywhere in India to improve their lives; and to develop the capacity of organisations and people who facilitate the above aims.
# Ohannes Kurkdjian

Ohannes Kurkdjian (first name sometimes spelled Onnes, Armenian spelling Hovhannes, 1851–1903) was a photographer based in Yerevan, Tiflis, Singapore and then Surabaya during the Dutch East Indies era.
His namesake business (located at Bultzingslowenplein) was the studio Kurkdjian Atelier and later O. Kurkdjian & Co.

## Life and work

Kurkdjian was born in Kyurin, (Gürun), Ottoman Empire
He produced stereoscopic images of Ani. He worked for another photographer in Singapore for two months and moved to Surabaya, where he eventually established his own studio.
His namesake business (located at Bultzingslowenplein) was Kurkdjian Atelier and later O. Kurkdjian & Co. It grew to employ at least 30 people, one of whom was Thilly Weissenborn, the first significant Indonesian-born female photographer. The studio produced portraits including of Pakoe Boewono X Susuhunan van Solo as well as landscapes, business, building and trade photographs.
In 1897, Kurkdjian was joined by Englishman G. P. Lewis. Lewis took over the business after Kurkdjian's death in 1903 (in Surabaya, Indonesia). The studio was acquired by Mieling & Co., a pharmaceutical company, in 1915.
A famous photograph of Kurkdjian shows him standing behind his tripod-mounted camera photographing a volcano.

## Gallery

* Kurkdjian studio in Surabaya in a building with other businesses
* Sugarcane being transported by oxcart
* Wayang wong performers
* Studio portrait of a woman
* Pakoe Boewono X Susuhunan van Solo
* Borobudur
* Bales being shipped from the sugarcane factory
* Mount Kelud crater circa 1901
* Mount Bromo circa 1920
* Hillside with people photograph
* Women doing batik
* Boats anchored at Tjilatjap (Cilacap)
* Outside the Kurkdjian photo studio
* Semeroe volcano in 1897
* A sixteen meter deep mudslide at Redjosari after the eruption of the Kelud volcano
* Personnel of Atelier Kurkdjian, Surabaya, 1916