OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sudipta Kaviraj

Sudipta Kaviraj (born 1945) is a distinguished scholar specializing in the domains of South Asian Politics and Intellectual History, frequently aligned with the disciplines of Postcolonial and Subaltern Studies. Presently, he holds a faculty position at Columbia University within the Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies.

## Education

Kaviraj pursued his academic endeavors in political science at the esteemed Presidency College of the University of Calcutta. Subsequently, he attained his doctoral degree from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, thereby solidifying his scholarly foundation in the field. This early academic trajectory underscores his commitment to rigorous intellectual inquiry and his notable contributions to the discipline of political science.

## Career

As a distinguished academician, he holds the position of Professor specializing in South Asian Politics and South Asian Intellectual History. Notably, he has served as the former department chair of the Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies department at Columbia University. Prior to his tenure at Columbia, he held the role of Professor in Politics at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Furthermore, he has demonstrated his scholarly expertise as an Associate Professor of Political Science at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, and as a Visiting Fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford.
Additionally, his intellectual influence is evident in his founding membership within the Subaltern Studies Collective, a significant scholarly initiative with profound implications for the academic discourse in the field.

## Opinions

* The Enchantment of Democracy and India" (Permanent Black 2011)
   The history of modern India tells us a complex, surprising, captivating, and yet unconcluded story of freedom. It is appropriate to express a Tocquevillesque astonishment at this historical phenomenon. If we look from age to age, from the earliest antiquity to the present day, we can agree with Tocqueville that nothing like this has ever happened before. We have not yet seen the end of this unprecedented historical process… For, the eventual shape of the destination of this process might be unclear, but the movement towards a greater expansion of freedom is irreversible.

## Selected publications

* The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, 1993, ISBN 0-19-564585-5
* Politics in India, Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-19-564873-0
* Civil Society: History and Possibilities, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-521-63344-3
* "Imaginary Institutions of India", Permanent Black, 2010, ISBN 81-7824-357-1
# Holy Trinity (disambiguation)

The Holy Trinity is the Christian concept of God as three entities: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
Holy Trinity may also refer to:

## Paintings

* Holy Trinity (Botticelli), a 1490s altarpiece by Sandro Botticelli
* Holy Trinity (Lotto), a c. 1519-1520 painting by Lorenzo Lotto
* Holy Trinity (Masaccio), a 1428 fresco in a church in Florence, Italy
* Holy Trinity (Raphael and Perugino), a 16th-century fresco in San Severo church in Perugia, Italy

## Other uses

* Holy Trinity (colleges) or the Big Three, Harvard, Princeton, and Yale
* Holy trinity (cooking), a mix of vegetables in Cajun cookery
* Holy Trinity (film), a 2019 American comedy film directed by and starring Molly Hewitt
* "The Holy Trinity" (The Grand Tour), an episode of The Grand Tour, or the trio of hypercars featured in the episode
* "The Holy Trinity", a nickname used by fans to refer to Canadian rock trio Rush
# Thomas Carson (bishop)

Thomas Carson, LLD (27 August 1805 – 7 July 1874) was a 19th-century Irish Anglican Bishop.
Carson was born in County Monaghan and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He held incumbencies at Urney, Cavan and then Cloon. Next he was Archdeacon of Ardagh, and after that Vicar general and then Dean of Kilmore in 1860 before elevation in 1870 to the episcopate as the 5th bishop of the United Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh. He married Eleanor Anne Burton in about 1833, and their son Rev. Thomas William Carson (20 Dec 1834 -1895) was a noted early collector of bookplates.
# Thomas Carson (politician)

Thomas D. Carson (born March 1911) was a Northern Irish unionist politician.

## Background

Born in Ballybay in County Monaghan, Carson studied at Clones High School, Campbell College and Queen's University Belfast. He worked as a medical doctor before retiring in the early 1970s. In retirement, he became politically active, as vice-chairman of the South Armagh Unionist Association in 1971/2, and then President in 1972/3.
In 1973, Carson resigned from the Ulster Unionist Party to join the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party, and immediately elected in the 1973 Northern Ireland Assembly election for Armagh. Following his election, he joined the Armagh County Executive of Vanguard, and also became a member of the Monday Club and the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association.
Carson held his Armagh seat on the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975. Outside politics, he spent his time gardening and birdwatching.
# 1226 in Norway

Events in the year 1226 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Haakon IV Haakonsson.

## Events

* Rein Abbey was founded.

## Deaths

* Sigurd Ribbung, nobleman and pretender to the throne (born 1203).
# Alistair Black

Alistair Black was a Northern Irish unionist politician.

## Background

The headmaster of Carrick Primary School, Black came to prominence as the leading figure in Ulster Vanguard in County Armagh. Due to his outspoken loyalist views, the Irish Republican Army attempted to kill him in 1972 and again in 1975, when a bomb left in his desk drawer instead killed a police officer who was investigating.
Black was elected to Craigavon Borough Council for the Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party at the 1973 Northern Ireland local elections, and then to the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in Armagh in 1975. He joined the United Ulster Unionist Party (UUUP) split from Vanguard and held his council seat in 1977 and 1981, but lost his Armagh seat at the 1982 Assembly election. When the UUUP dissolved, he instead joined the Ulster Unionist Party and again held his council seat in 1985.
# Ballinamore railway station

Ballinamore railway station was a halt which served the village of Ballinamore in County Donegal, Ireland.
The halt opened on 3 June 1895 on the Donegal Railway Company line from Glenties to Stranorlar.
It closed on 15 December 1947 when the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee closed the line from Glenties to Stranorlar in an effort to save money.
Freight services on the route continued until 10 March 1952.
# David Moli

David Moli (born 8 January 1995) is an English footballer who plays as a forward for Alsager Town.

## Career

As a youth player, Moli joined the youth academy of English third tier side Luton. In 2009, he joined the youth academy of Liverpool in the English Premier League. Before the second half of 2011–12, he joined the youth academy of English second tier club Wolves. In 2015, Moli signed for New Radiant in the Maldives, after trialing for Maltese team Valletta. Before the second half of 2015–16, he signed for Épinal in the French third tier.
In 2017, Moli signed for Welling United in the English sixth tier after a two-month stint with Polish second tier outfit Stomil Olsztyn. After that, he signed for Coventry United in the English ninth tier. In 2018, he signed for Estonian top flight side Vaprus. In 2022, Moli signed for Alsager Town in the English tenth tier.
# Stian Heimlund Skjæveland

Stian Heimlund Skjæveland (born November 19, 1973, in Stavanger) is a Norwegian representational painter and sculptor in the figurative tradition who also draws in black and white. He is inspired by the horizon, geometry and the tension between light and darkness (chiaroscuro).

## Life and work

He has formal background from Kunstskolen i Bergen (The Art School in Bergen), Merkantilt Institutt (MI) i Bergen, and Tegne-og maleskolen i Bergen (Bergen Drawing and Painting School), Norway. After finishing formal education he independently studied the old masters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Titian, Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Johannes Vermeer, Diego Velázquez, Goya and J. M. W. Turner. Within a Norwegian context the mystical landscape visions created by Lars Hertervig has been closely examined. As a creator of pictorials Stian has performed for the last 20 years, and has been purchased by Mayor`s office and Council chambers municipality of Strand, Norway. The artist has in recent years simplified his paintings to achieve a more monumental expression. Stian Heimlund Skjæveland has his own gallery in a small former shipyard in Jørpeland Norway.

### Exhibitions in Norway (selected),

* R-Open, Rogaland
* Lysefjord-Helleren, Lysefjorden
* Galleri Sagholmen, Jørpeland
* Ryfylke kulturfestival, Jørpeland
* Galleri Motvekt, Stavanger
* Dale's Galleri, Karmøy
* Galleri F12, Stavanger
* Galleri 1897, Kristiansand
* Ryfylkeutstillingen, Strand, Hjelmeland, Forsand, Suldal, Finnøy
* Spinneriet, Hjelmeland
* Focus, Stavanger
* Galleri OS, Sandnes
* Galleri Loyd, Oslo
* Galleri Skjæveland, Jørpeland

### Work of embellishment

* The Museum of Archaeology, Stavanger, Norway
* Mayor's office, municipality of Strand, Norway
* Council chambers, municipality of Strand, Norway

### Books

* The art book "Når Dagen Gryr", 1999 ISBN 82-7096-320-8 (Only in Norwegian)
# Toxic Zombies

Toxic Zombies (also known as Bloodeaters, Bloodeaters: Butchers of the Damned, The Dromax Derangement, and Forest of Fear) is a 1980 horror film directed by Charles McCrann, who also acted in the film. It was classified as a video nasty in the United Kingdom in the 1980s.

## Plot

Illegal drug plantations are sprayed with the chemical Dromax by passing aeroplanes in an anti-drug initiative organised by corrupt government officials. Instead of killing the plants, the hippie growers of the crop are turned into flesh-eating zombie-like creatures.

## Cast

* Charles McCrann (credited as Charles Austin) - Tom Cole
* Beverly Shapiro - Polly Cole
* Dennis Helfend - Hermit
* John Amplas - Phillips

## Production

The film was produced in the late 1970s while McCrann, who was a graduate of Princeton University and Yale Law School and senior vice president at Marsh & McLennnan, was on hiatus.

## Release and controversy

The film was given a limited release theatrically in the United States by Parker National Distributing. It was also shown twice on the USA Network.
In the United Kingdom, Toxic Zombies was one of the films labelled a video nasty and banned in the 1980s.

## Reception

According to McCrann's wife Michelle, the film "epitomized (his) sense of humor".
Leonard Maltin rated the film as a "bomb", and it was also panned in Cinefantastique. Writing in The Zombie Film Encyclopedia, academic Peter Dendle said, "Despite inconsistent behavior patterns and embarrassing acting, Toxic Zombies has the dubious honor of inaugurating the entire 'redneck zombie' subgenre that would thrive inexplicably in the '80s."
McCrann would later work for Marsh & McLennan and was killed in their World Trade Center offices during the September 11 attacks.
# Moselle Iron Mines Canal

The Canal des mines de fer de la Moselle (English: Canal of the Iron Mines of Moselle) is a canal in north eastern France linking Metz and Thionville. It is a canalized section of the river Moselle. The canal may also be called CAMIFEMO as concocted from the name of the canal in the following way: CAnal des MInes de FEr de la MOselle (CAMIFEMO).
# Kfar Hatta

Kfar Hatta (Arabic: كفرحتى) is a municipality located in the Sidon District of the South Governorate in Lebanon. It is located 8 kilometres east of Sidon.

## History

Settlement here has ranged from as far back as the Romans, as seen by the once present Roman aqueducts (destroyed). There is also a small empty tomb cave to the east of the village cut out of the rock. The village also has the claimed tomb of a prophet, Nabi Nasser, however this is unknown if it is a prophets tomb at all. In the area around Nabi Nasser there used to be ruins of a city or town that could date to the 2nd century AD, with many clay pots, oil lamps, and Roman coinage found around it.
In 1838, Eli Smith noted Kefr Hatta as a village by Jezzin, "East of et-Tuffa".
The main village was destroyed in an earthquake in 1956, so the villagers built south of the graveyard. There are three mosques in the village. The newest mosque was built in the 1960s, with two mosques to the north in the old area old the village, the newer of them dating before 1956 and still standing with some use, and the older being in ruins.
It is bordered from the south with a large valley which contains many caves and the river of Nahar Sainik, to the south east the village of Kfar Beit, further to the east is the village of Kfar Melki, to the north west is the village of Mjaydel, and by Hassaniyeh to the north.
The village also has an 'ain, Ain al Nabi (Spring of the Prophet, referring to the Nabi Nasser) to the south.
The village is split into three. To the west is 'Isoof (عسوف) the newer part of the village. Main Kfar Hatta is around the mosque, and Al-Krom (الكروم), to the east. Isoof was designed by the government after the earthquake.

## Etymology

The original name of the village used to be Kfar Hiti (Arabic: كفر حتِي) but slowly evolved into Kfar Hatta due to it being easier to say. While it is unknown what Kfar means, it is speculated that it may mean "land of", meaning that the name means "land of Hiti" which Hiti is a family name, as it still is. 'Isoof comes from the Arabic Qisoof (Arabic: قعسوف) meaning an exposed place to wind, or a place where the wind blows. Al-Krom means the trellis they used to grow grapes.

## Demographics

In 2014, Muslims made up 99.55% of registered voters in Kfar Hatta. 96.16% of the voters were Shiite Muslims.
# Rolando Boldrin

Rolando Boldrin (22 October 1936 – 9 November 2022) was a Brazilian television presenter, actor, singer, writer and composer.

## Life and career

Born in São Joaquim da Barra, a grandson of Italian immigrants, Boldrin was the seventh of twelve children. He spent his childhood in Guaíra and while still a child he formed the musical duo Boy & Formiga with his brother Leili. At 16 years old, he moved to São Paulo where he worked at different jobs before winning an audition as an actor for the TV Tupi broadcaster in 1958. While his acting career progressed, with Boldrin getting bigger roles in TV-dramas and telenovelas, at the same time he was active as a singer and a composer, often collaborating with his wife, the singer Lurdinha Pereira, and sometimes collaborating on the musical scores of the telenovelas he was working on as an actor. In the 1980s, he got a massive success as a talk show host, first with Som Brasil on TV Globo, and later with other shows with similar formats such as Empório Brasileiro on Rede Bandeirantes and Empório Brasil on SBT. From 2005 until his death he hosted the TV Cultura talk show Sr. Brasil.
During his career Boldrin appeared in over 30 telenovelas and recorded over 250 songs. He also worked in cinema, on stage and on radio. He died of respiratory and renal failure, at the age of 86.
His niece the tennis player Bia Haddad, paid tribute to him on social media after his death in 2022.
# Leo Ranta

Leo Raino Ranta (born 1994) is a Finnish YouTuber and entertainer based in South Korea. He operates the Korean-language YouTube channel LEOTV (Korean: 레오티비).
He moved to South Korea as an infant, and is primarily a Korean speaker; he is less proficient at speaking Finnish. His father, Heikki Ranta, is a businessman that initially moved to South Korea to sell equipment for detecting tunnels beneath the Korean Demilitarized Zone. The elder Ranta later switched careers around the time of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Leo Ranta briefly attended school in Finland in order to improve his Finnish skills, and served in the Finnish military. He graduated from Yonsei University, with a degree in computer science.
He first started his YouTube channel in 2011. By 2024, he had over 250,000 subscribers. He has appeared on various television programs in South Korea. He has worked as a model.
# Étangs Canal

The Canal des Étangs (French pronunciation:) was a canal in southern France. It is now part of the Canal du Rhône à Sète along with the Canal de Beaucaire. It was created by the state of Languedoc. The project consisted of enlarging ancient medieval channels through and between the shallow lakes and salt marshes, connecting Sète and Aigues-Mortes.

## En Route

* PK 51 Aigues-Mortes
* PK 61.5 Grande Motte
* PK 70.5 Pérols
* PK 75.5 Palavas-les-Flots
* PK 79 Villeneuve-lès-Maguelone
* PK 92-93 Frontignan
* PK 98-100 Sète
# Al-Loubiyah

Al-Loubiyah, or Al-Loubieh (Arabic: اللوبية) is a municipality in south Lebanon 62 km from and 20 km south of Sidon, 21 km north of Tyre, area 2.23 km$^2$, altitude 144 m.
Al-Loubiyah is also the name for a traditional Lebanese mezze made from green beans, tomatoes, onions, garlic and salt, all sauteed in olive oil.

## Demographics

In 2014, Muslims made up 99.46% of registered voters in Al-Loubiyah. 97.84% of the voters were Shiite Muslims.
# Châtillon Branch

The Embranchement de Châtillon (French pronunciation:) is a branch of the Canal latéral à la Loire that connects to the Loire at Châtillon-sur-Loire.
# Perm Airlines

Perm Airlines (Russian: Пермские авиалинии) was an airline based in Perm, Russia. It operated domestic and international scheduled and charter services within Russia and the CIS. Its main base was Bolshoye Savino Airport, Perm.

## History

The airline was established and started operations in 1968. It was formed from the Aeroflot Perm Division (Ural RCAD). Throughout its operational history, Perm Airlines offered routes from Perm Bolshoye Savino airport to Moscow Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo airports, Ekaterinburg, Surgut, Baku, Novosibirsk and St. Petersburg (codeshare flight with St. Petersburg based Pulkovo Airlines). Furthermore, it operated charter flights to Adler/Sochi, Baikonur, Simferopol and Dubai. As a result of an agreement between Perm Airlines and Siberian Airlines (the current S7 Airlines), all regular Perm Airlines passenger flights were carried out by Sibir Airlines.
Perm Airlines had its license revoked on May 16, 2009.

## Fleet

The Perm Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft (at May 2008):
* 1 Antonov An-24
* 2 Antonov An-26
* 3 Mil Mi-8T
* 4 Tupolev Tu-134A
* 2 Tupolev Tu-154B2
* 1 Tupolev Tu-154M
* 1 Yakovlev Yak-40
All three Tu-154 aircraft were leased by Sibir Airlines in 2006, to be phased out in 2008. Although the aircraft still stand at Perm Bolshoye Savino airport, the engines were removed and sold off in 2009.

## Accidents and incidents

* In October 2007, a 15-year-old boy snuck into the landing gear compartment of a Tupolev Tu-154 belonging to Perm Airlines and successfully flew to Moscow. He suffered from frostbite and had his fingers amputated. An employee of Perm Airlines was tried in the court because of his failure to inspect the plane carefully before departure.
# Northern Pacific Gyre Oscillation

The Northern Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) is a newer recognized climate index used to describe and pair changes in salinity and nutrients, not previously well correlated to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). First described in 2008 by Di Lorenzo et al. the NPGO index reflects changes in wind stress along the California Current System, allowing it to more easily couple with local upwelling trends (and consequent nutrient and phytoplankton blooms). Named to reflect the changes in the branches of the North Pacific gyres circulation, the NPGO could be argued to represent the oceanic expression of the atmospheric variability of the North Pacific Oscillation.
Behind the PDO, the NPGO is defined as the second most important factor in modeling the variability of Sea Surface Height anomaly (SSHa) and Sea Surface Temperature anomaly (SSTa) in the Northeast Pacific. The NPGO in its positive phase shows a pair of counter-rotating gyres (unlike the PDO's singular large gyre) bifurcated by the North Pacific Current along ~40˚N. This allows the NPGO to more accurately represent transport strengthening in the positive phase across both the Alaskan Coastal Current and California Current (due to geostrophic circulation). Thus when the NPGO is positive, upwelling-favorable conditions are seen in the California Current and Alaskan Gyre, while downwelling-favorable conditions are seen in the Subtropical Gyre and the Alaskan Coastal Current. Notably these conditions are more highly correlated south of 38˚N (California and south), while the PDO still plays a predominate role in determine alongshore wind impact on Alaskan upwelling.
The NPGO has global impacts outside of the Eastern North Pacific. Its secondary role in modeling SSTa suggest that tropically coupled dynamics could play a driving role in NPGO fluctuations. It is quite possible that with continuing climate change the NPGO can aid in determining underlying drivers of decadal ecosystem variability across the entire Pacific.
# 1225 in Norway

Events in the year 1225 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Haakon IV Haakonsson.

## Events

* 25 May – Margaret Skulesdatter married King Haakon IV.
* King Haakon IV led a large army into the Värmland district of Sweden, to punish the inhabitants for their support of the pretender to the throne of Norway, Sigurd Ribbung.

## Deaths

* 7 November – Nicholas Arnesson, bishop (born c. 1150).
# Matlatzincan languages

The Matlatzincan languages are a pair of closely related branches of the Oto-Manguean language family in the Oto-Pamean group, spoken in Central Mexico: Tlahuica/Ocuiltec in one and Matlatzinca-Pirinda in the other. They were variously understood as a single macrolanguage or as two distinct languages, and today most linguists and speakers consider them to be separate. Both Matlatzinca and Tlahuica are moribund, and Pirinda went fully extinct in 1936.
In 2003, together with 67 other languages, Matlatzinca was recognised as an official language of Mexico as an official language on equal footing with Spanish.