OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Temple Fielding

Temple Hornaday Fielding (October 8, 1913 – May 18, 1983) was an American travel writer from in the Bronx who published the Fielding Travel Guides starting in 1948.
During World War II, he was a psychological operations operative in Europe under the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Fielding was a Captain attached to the Morale Operations Branch (MO) unit, 2677th Regiment OSS (Provisional). The "2677" was the subject of an inside joke at MO Rome, since the Pantone color code for the ink used in the forgery of the 6 pfennig Hitler head stamp was 2677. MO Rome was headed by Eugene P. Warner, a civilian, formerly of the Associated Press. MO Rome used an existing Italian printing house where many of the leaflets, posters, and forged postage stamps were printed. Fielding allegedly helped with the printing as part of the Planning Group. Fielding was discharged from the army as a Major on June 6, 1945.
In 1945, his OSS superior, Gene Warner, became public relations director for TWA International Division. Warner is said to have needed some institutional mentions for the airlines, and asked Temple to scare up some national magazine assignments in which the placements could be made. Fielding was able to place the airline ads in the Saturday Evening Post and Cosmopolitan.
Fielding's first travel guide, Fielding's Travel Guide to Europe, was published in 1948. In 1951 he and his wife moved from New York to Denmark, but soon resettled in Formentor, Mallorca, Spain, where he established his company headquarters for Fielding Publications, Inc.
With World War II over, Fielding viewed it as his mission to make Europe available to America. Fielding's guides emphasized hotels, restaurants, and shopping rather than cultural attractions, which he felt were not very important to most of his readers.
Fielding was an editor of the Ladies' Home Journal from 1968 to 1983 and of Travel and Leisure from 1970 to 1983.
Robert Young Pelton acquired Fielding's Travel Guides in 1993; they were published until 1998.

## Personal life

Fielding was the son of George Thomas Fielding II and Helen Ross Hornaday. He was a descendant of Henry Fielding on his father's side and the grandson of the author and naturalist William Temple Hornaday on his mother's side.
He attended a prep school and graduated from Princeton in 1939. He married his literary agent Nancy Parker in October, 1942. They had a son, Dodge Temple Fielding.
He had a heart attack in August 1982 and died on May 18, 1983.

## Publications

* Fielding's Travel Guide to Europe: 1954-55
* Fielding's travel guide to Europe 1967
* Fielding's Far East
* Fielding's Travel Guide to Europe 1969
* Super Economy Europe
* A Guide to the Field Artillery Replacement Training Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina
# Sohel

Sohel may refer to:
* Sohel Rana (disambiguation)
* Gazi Sohel, Bangladeshi cricket umpire
# Luyten b

Luyten b (more commonly known as Gliese 273b) is a confirmed exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the nearby red dwarf Luyten's Star. It is the fourth-closest potentially habitable exoplanet known, at a distance of 12 light-years. Only Proxima Centauri b, Ross 128 b, and GJ 1061 d are closer. Discovered alongside Gliese 273c in June 2017, Luyten b is a super-Earth of around 2.89 times the mass of Earth and receives only 6% more starlight than Earth, making it one of the best candidates for habitability.

## Characteristics
### Mass, radius, and temperature
#### Mass and size

Luyten b is a super-Earth, meaning that it has a mass and/or radius greater than that of Earth, but less than that of Uranus or Neptune. Radial velocity measurements shows that the planet has a minimum mass of 2.89 M$_🜨$, placing it at the lower end of the super-Earth range. The planet has not been found to transit its star, and as a result its true mass and radius are not known. Due to its low mass, the planet is likely terrestrial, with a predicted radius of 1.51 R$_🜨$.
Up to four candidate planets have been proposed around Luyten's Star. A 2020 study showed that if all four planets are present, their true masses must be close to their minimum masses for the system to be stable, with an upper limit of 3.03 M$_🜨$ for Luyten b.

#### Temperature

The planet receives an incident flux only 6% greater than that of Earth. With an estimated albedo, or proportion of light reflected by the planet, of 0.30, Luyten b has an equilibrium temperature of 259 K. For comparison, Earth has an equilibrium temperature of 255 K. With an Earth-like atmosphere — if it has one — Luyten b would have an average surface temperature of about 292 K (19 °C; 66 °F), very similar to that of Earth.

### Orbit and rotation

Luyten b orbits quite close to its host star. One full revolution around Luyten's Star takes about 18.6 days at an average distance of 0.091 AU, much closer in than Mercury, which has a year of 88 days and an orbital radius of 0.387 AU. However, because the host star is so dim, Luyten b falls right within the system's habitable zone and only receives 6% more starlight than Earth. Luyten b has a moderate orbital eccentricity of 0.10 ± 0.08.

### Host star

Luyten's Star is a medium-sized red dwarf star on the main sequence. It has 29.3% the radius, 29% the mass, 0.88% the luminosity of the Sun, and has an effective temperature of 3,382 K. Unlike many nearby red dwarfs, like Proxima Centauri, Luyten's Star is very inactive with a long rotation period of over 118 days.

## Active SETI

In October 2017 and 2018, the nonprofit organization METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence) sent a message, "Sónar Calling GJ273b", containing dozens of short musical compositions and a scientific "tutorial" towards the planet in hopes of contacting any potential extraterrestrial civilizations.
# Hydrus (disambiguation)

Hydrus is a small constellation in the southern sky.
Hydrus may also refer to:
* Hydrus (Chinese astronomy), constellations recognized in China
* Hydrus (legendary creature), a creature from Medieval bestiaries
* Hydrus (roller coaster), a Gerstlauer Euro-Fighter roller coaster at Casino Pier
* Hydrus (software), a software suite for simulating subsurface water flow
* SS Hydrus, a Great Lakes freighter
* The 7th Colossus from Shadow of the Colossus
* Hydrus, the ancient name of Otranto
# Mononychus

Mononychus is a genus of minute seed weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are at least 25 described species in Mononychus.
Including Mononychus punctumalbum (Iris Weevil).
They have generally been found in North America, Europe and parts of Central Asia.
They were originally published by E.F.Germar in Insectorum species novae aut minus cognitae, p. 241 in 1823.

## Species

These 25 species belong to the genus Mononychus:
* Mononychus algerinus Gandolphe,$^c$
* Mononychus amurensis Schultze, 1898$^c$
* Mononychus angustus Schultze, 1899$^c$
* Mononychus caucasicus Kolen., 1859$^c$
* Mononychus euphraticus Schultze, 1897$^c$
* Mononychus interponens Schultze, 1901$^c$
* Mononychus interruptus Schultze, 1901$^c$
* Mononychus ireos (Pallas, P.S., 1773)$^{cg}$
* Mononychus kolenatii Kolen., 1859$^c$
* Mononychus pallidicornis Pic, 1900$^c$
* Mononychus pseudacori Schoenherr, 1825$^c$
* Mononychus punctumalbum (Herbst, J.F.W., 1784)$^{cg}$
* Mononychus quadrifossulatus Chevr., 1872$^c$
* Mononychus rondoui Vuillet, 1911$^c$
* Mononychus salviae Germar, 1824$^c$
* Mononychus schönherri Kolen., 1859$^c$
* Mononychus spermaticus Beck., 1862$^c$
* Mononychus sulcatocarinulatus Schultze, 1901$^c$
* Mononychus superciliaris Boheman, 1844$^c$
* Mononychus syriacus Redtenbacher, 1843$^c$
* Mononychus tangerianus Chevr., 1872$^c$
* Mononychus thompsoni Korotyaev, 1981$^c$
* Mononychus variegatus Brullé, 1838$^c$
* Mononychus vittatus Faldermann, 1835$^c$
* Mononychus vulpeculus (Fabricius, 1801)$^{icgb}$ (iris weevil)
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# El Sekka El Hadid SC

El Sekka El Hadid Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي السكة الحديد للألعاب الرياضية), is an Egyptian football club based in Cairo, Egypt. The club currently plays in the Egyptian Second Division, the second-highest tier of the Egyptian football league system.
Founded in 1903, the club is the oldest football club in Egypt, and the Middle East. Among the former club players is Hussein Hegazi, Dulwich Hamlet's former player.

## History

In 1903, El Sekka El Hadid Club formed the first football team in Egypt. The team was mainly formed of British and Italian engineers working in the maintenance workshops affiliated to the Railway Authority of the time. When it was necessary to have a national football competition in Egypt, El Sekka El Hadid became one of the Egyptian Premier League founders. The team earned the 8th place (out of 11) in the league's first season; 1948–49 Season.
As of 2010, El Sekka El Hadid participated in 23 seasons of the Egyptian Premier League; 1992–93 season being the team's last. The team is currently competing in the Egyptian Second Division. However, the fans of this historic team were shocked to see their team fall to the Egyptian Third Division. By the end of 2009–10 Egyptian Second Division, Al-Sekka Al-Hadid occupied the last place in Group B and relegation to third division became a reality.

## Honours

* Cairo League
** Winners (2): 1923–24, 1925–26
* Sultan Hussein Cup
** Winners (2): 1923–24, 1935–36
* Egypt Cup
** Runners-up (7): 1922–23, 1923–24, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1945–46, 1950–51, 1963–64
# Sir Edward Peyton, 2nd Baronet

Sir Edward Peyton, 2nd Baronet (died April 1657) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1629. He fought for the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.

## Biography

Peyton was the eldest son of Sir John Peyton, 1st Baronet of Isleham and his wife Alice Osborne, daughter of Sir Edward Osborne, Lord Mayor of London. He was educated at Bury School. He was knighted at Whitehall on 18 March 1611. On 16 August 1611, he was admitted to Gray's Inn. He succeeded to the baronetcy and estates on the death of his father in December 1616. He was also owner of Great Bradley, Suffolk. In 1618 he was awarded MA by the University of Cambridge.
In 1621, Peyton was elected Member of Parliament for Cambridgeshire. He was High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire from 1622 to 1623. In 1625 he was re-elected MP for Cambridgeshire and was returned again in 1626. He took an active part in the Civil War on the Parliamentary side, but so impoverished himself that he had to sell Isleham.
Peyton died at Wicken, Cambridgeshire and was buried at St Clement Danes in London.

## Family

Peyton married firstly on 24 April 1604, at Streatham, Surrey, Martha Livesey, daughter of Robert Livesey, of Tooting, Surrey. She died in 1613 and he married secondly on 6 June 1614, at St Bartholomew-the-Less, London, Jane Thimblethorpe, widow of Sir Henry Thimblethorpe, and daughter of Sir James Calthorpe, of Cockthorpe, Norfolk. He married thirdly on 13 December 1638 at St. James', Clerkenwell, Dorothy Minshaw. His widow married Rev. Edward Lowe, Vicar of Brighthelmstead, Sussex, who survived her. Peyton was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son by his first wife .
# Dennis Yamada

Dennis Roy Yamada (August 20, 1944 – April 12, 2020) was an American politician who served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1971 to 1983.
Yamada went to the University of Missouri and Drake University Law School. Yamada practiced law on Kauai. He died on Oahu, Hawaii on April 12, 2020, at age 75.
# Wilson S. Hill

Wilson Shedric Hill (January 19, 1863 – February 14, 1921) was an American lawyer and politician who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from Mississippi from 1903 to 1909.

## Biography

Born near Lodi, Choctaw County (now Montgomery County), Mississippi. Hill attended the common schools and the University of Mississippi at Oxford. He was graduated from Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tennessee, in 1884.

### Early career

He was admitted to the bar in 1884 and commenced practice in Winona, Mississippi. He served as a member of the State House of Representatives in 1885. He served as district attorney for the fifth judicial district of Mississippi 1891–1903. He served as a member of the city council of Winona 1892–1894.

### Congress

Hill was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, and Sixtieth Congresses (March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1909). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1908.

### Later career and death

He resumed the practice of law in Greenwood, Mississippi and served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1912.
He served as district attorney for the northern judicial district from 1914 to 1921.
He died in Greenwood, Mississippi, February 14, 1921. He was interred in Oakwood Cemetery, Winona, Mississippi.
# Daspu

Daspu is a Brazilian women's clothing brand aimed at prostitutes, launched on 16 December 2005 in Rio de Janeiro by the NGO Davida, which supports sex workers.

## Background

In 1992, Gabriela Leite, herself a prostitute, created the Davida NGO to attract the attention of the media and the political world to the issues faced by prostitution. However, the NGO lacked funds and creating a clothing brand specifically for the work of prostitutes was seen as a way of raising revenue.

## The name

One of the supporters of the NGO, the designer Sylvio de Oliveira, jokingly suggested the name Daspu, to poke fun at Daslu, a luxury brand from São Paulo that at the time was facing legal problems due to accusations of smuggling and fraud made against its owner Eliana Tranchesi. The name was a play on the Portuguese word for whore or prostitute, puta. However, this suggestion was not followed through at the time. The name only became established after it was published on 20 November 2005 in Elio Gaspari's column in the newspaper O Globo. Davida denied having provided this information to Gaspari and it seems that the source was someone who had overheard the conversation when it was first mentioned. After the column appeared a lawsuit was filed by Daslu but subsequently withdrawn when it became clear that media and public sympathies lay with Daspu.

## The company

The sudden fame forced the creation of the clothing company, which had until then been just an idea. The company, originally planned to be just a small business, developed similar techniques to other fashion houses, with regular collections and shows. It also diversified into selling other types of clothing. Its products began to be sold online and in stores in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo known as putiques. From its launch in 2005 to 2009, the brand presented seven collections. Its most successful products were T-shirts, with humorous messages about citizenship, freedom, sexuality and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and AIDS.
In 2006, Daspu had its application to participate in Rio Fashion Week rejected. It then organized a parallel show, featuring, for the first time, models who were not prostitutes, and attracted a larger audience than the official show, with the participation of models such as Gisele Bundchen. In 2009, it practically ceased its activities and in 2013 suffered a major blow when Leite died. However, in 2014 it presented a new collection that paid homage to Leite with a fashion show in Praça Tiradentes in Rio de Janeiro, with the presence of prostitutes from several states and as well as the actress Alexia Dechamps, who had played Leite in a show performed in Rio at the Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil in January 2012.
In 2021 Daspu took part in the production that opened the programme for the 110th anniversary of the Theatro Municipal de São Paulo and on 28 June 2022 prostitutes from several Brazilian states paraded at Circo Voador in Rio in what was referred to as the "latest in the history of Daspu".
# Flat Rock Speedway

Flat Rock Speedway is a 0.250 mi (0.402 km) race track in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located in Ash Township just south of the city of Flat Rock along U.S. Route 24. Opened in 1953, it is owned by NASCAR and is the sister track to Toledo Speedway. It features racing on Saturday nights that include Outlaw Body Late Models, Street Stocks, and Figure 8s for its weekly divisions. It is the closest NASCAR-style oval track racing circuit to Detroit, Michigan.

## History

Flat Rock Speedway was constructed in 1952, but financial issues led to the original investors backing out. Under Sheldon Hayes of the Cadillac Asphalt Company, the track was completed in 1953; using 70 tons of a mixture of rubber and asphalt, Hayes created a "rubberized" asphalt surface that was the first of its kind for a race track. The speedway opened on August 14. It was initially scheduled to open on August 7, but the opening was postponed by a week after a raccoon drowned in its drainage system and subsequent rain flooded the track.
Dick Good won Flat Rock's first track championship in the "Hardtop" division, which was rebranded as the Late Model class in 1954. That year, NASCAR founder and president Bill France Sr. became its promoter and helped attract NASCAR drivers like Curtis Turner, Joe Weatherly, and Lee Petty to the track. France left his position at the speedway in 1956. Motor City Speedway promoter Andy Barto served as Flat Rock's promoter until he stepped down in March 1956 and was replaced by Hayes, who was the track president, to commit his work to Motor City; Barto returned to Flat Rock as its general manager in 1959.
During the 1953 season, the Midwest Association for Race Cars (MARC) began racing at the track, with J. H. Petty winning the first races – consecutive 100-lap events – on September 11. Late models were introduced in 1962.
Without NASCAR support, the track struggled in the late 1950s. In 1960, new general manager Joan Simmons created a points system and raised competitor numbers, leading to track attendance increasing by 81 percent. A year later, Simmons formally established ties with France's friend and MARC head John Marcum, who became track owner the following year. Marcum would later rename his sanctioning body the Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA), whose Bondo/Mar-Hyde Series continued racing at Flat Rock until 2000, with Frank Kimmel winning the final ARCA premier series race at the track. Simmons remained in her position until 1970. Following Marcum's death in 1981, wife Mildred and grandson John Drager took over track operations; when John departed for other interests, brother Ron became track promoter.
In 1999, Drager purchased Toledo Speedway, connecting it to Flat Rock as a sister track. As part of their new relationship, Flat Rock's marketing division Marcum Productions assumed the same role at Toledo, while Scott Schultz served as general manager for both tracks.

## Races
### ARCA Menards Series

The ARCA Menards Series first visited Flat Rock in 1985, then had an annual race from 1985 to 2000. The ARCA Menards Series East took over the in 2023 and held a race annually since.
# Sontag

Sontag is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alan Sontag (born 1946), American bridge player and author
* Andrzej Sontag (born 1952), Polish triple jumper
* Brett Sontag (born 1970), American racecar driver
* Eduardo Daniel Sontag (born 1951), American/Argentine mathematician
* Frank Sontag (born 1955), American talk radio show host
* Frederick Sontag (1924–2009) American author and educator
* George Contant Sontag (1864–unknown), American outlaw
* Henriette Sontag (1806–1854), German operatic soprano
* John Sontag (1861–1893, American outlaw
* Susan Sontag (1933–2004), American essayist, novelist, filmmaker, and activist
* Tiga Sontag (born 1974), Canadian DJ/producer
* Tony Sontag (1956–2018), English darts player
# Kamakuywa

Kamukuywa is a settlement in Kenya's Bungoma County.

## Sources

* http://www.agapeinaction.com/high_school_blog.html
* http://www.agapeinaction.com/high_school_blog_2013.html
* This Western Province (Kenya) location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Skeuophoros

A skeuophoros (Greek: Σκευοφόρος "Βaggage carrier") was a slave or servant who carried baggage in ancient Greece. Herodotus records that every hoplite was followed on campaign by a servant as a skeuophoros. In Aristophanes' play The Frogs, Xanthias, the slave of Dionysus, acts as his skeuophoros:
   Διόνυσος ἴθι νυν ἐπειδὴ ληματίας κἀνδρεῖος εἶ, σὺ μὲν γενοῦ 'γὼ τὸ ῥόπαλον τουτὶ λαβὼν καὶ τὴν λεοντῆν, εἴπερ ἀφοβόσπλαγχνος εἶ: ἐγὼ δ᾽ ἔσομαί σοι σκευοφόρος ἐν τῷ μέρει.
# Zwickau Hauptbahnhof

Zwickau Hauptbahnhof is the main railway station of Zwickau in the German state of Saxony.

## History

On 18 September 1845 Zwickau was connected by a branch line to the Leipzig–Reichenbach railway line. This was followed on 11 May 1858 by the line to Schwarzenberg, on 15 November 1858 by the line to Chemnitz and on 29 November 1875 by the line to Falkenstein.
The first station building was a wooden structure built in 1845. This soon no longer met increasing requirements and had to be replaced by a new building, which was completed in 1858.
The current station building was designed by Deutsche Reichsbahn architect Otto Falk, built from 1933 to 1936 and opened on 17 December 1936.

## Location

The station is separated from the inner city and the Neumarkt and Zentralhaltestelle bus interchanges located there. Lines 5 and 7 of the Zwickau tramway network and bus lines 16 and 19 of the Zwickau Municipal Transport Authority (Städtische Verkehrsbetriebe Zwickau) connect the station with the city centre. In addition, many regional bus services begin at the station, which are mainly operated by the West Saxony Regional Transport Authority (Regionalverkehrsbetriebe Westsachsen).

## Zwickau model

A special feature is the Zwickau model of tram-train operations. BOStrab-compliant RegioSprinters of the Vogtlandbahn run over tram tracks to the Zwickau central (Zentrum) tram stop. Tram-trains run from the Zwickau–Schwarzenberg line at street level to the Stadthalle tram stop. The metre-gauge line has a third rail fitted to allow standard gauge vehicles to continue to the Zentrum tram stop. The RegioSprinters are diesel-powered as most of the Vogtlandbahn network is not electrified and the vehicles are slightly narrower than normal because the tram line does not have sufficient clearance for full-width standard gauge vehicles.

## Rail services

The following services operate through Zwickau:
| Preceding station | Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn | Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn | Mitteldeutsche Regiobahn | Following station |
| Reichenbach (Vogtl) ob Bftowards Hof Hbf | | RE 3 | | Glauchau (Sachs)towards Dresden Hbf |
| Terminus | | RB 30 | | Zwickau-Pölbitztowards Dresden Hbf |
| Preceding station | Vogtlandbahn | Vogtlandbahn | Vogtlandbahn | Following station |
| Zwickau Stadthalletowards Zwickau Zentrum | | RB 1 | | Stenntowards Kraslice |
| Lichtentannetowards Adorf (Vogtl) or Cheb | | RB 2 | | Zwickau Stadthalletowards Zwickau Zentrum |
| Preceding station | Erzgebirgsbahn | Erzgebirgsbahn | Erzgebirgsbahn | Following station |
| Terminus | | RB 95 | | Zwickau-Schedewitztowards Georgenstadt |
| Preceding station | S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland | S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland | S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland | Following station |
| Lichtentannetowards Halle (Saale) Hbf | | S 5 | | Terminus |
| Werdautowards Halle (Saale) Hbf | | S 5x | | Terminus |
# Ivan Werner

Ivan Werner (18 June 1887 – 26 June 1944) was a Croatian politician in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Independent State of Croatia who served as the mayor (gradonačelnik) of Zagreb from 1941 to 1944. A member of the fascist Ustaše party, Werner is best known for ordering the demolition of the Zagreb Synagogue in 1941 and for collaborating and cooperating with the Nazis during the Holocaust.
A butcher by trade, Werner was an expert on food processing and logistics. Werner died on June 26, 1944, and is buried in Mirogoj Cemetery.