OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Julia Warner Snow

Julia Warner Snow (August 30, 1863 – October 24, 1927) was an American botanist and was known in the scientific community for her work as a systematic phycologist.

## Biography

Snow was born in LaSalle, Illinois, the third child of Norman G. Snow and Charlotte D. (née Warner). At the age of sixteen she left LaSalle to enter Hungerford Collegiate Institute, Adams, New York. After graduating in 1880, she returned home to live with her parents, then in 1884 matriculated to Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. While an undergraduate, she joined the Kappa Alpha Theta fraternity. When the Sigma Xi honor society was formed at Cornell in 1886, Snow joined along with fellow Theta Anna Botsford Comstock. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1888.
Returning to Cornell for graduate studies, Snow was awarded a M.S. degree in 1889 with a thesis titled Sphaerella Fragariae: A Fungus Disease of the Strawberry Plant. She spent a year teaching botany in Eau Claire, Wisconsin at the Hardy Preparatory School, then for a year at Coates College for Women in Terre Haute, Indiana. Julia Snow became one of the first recipients of an Association of College Alumnae fellowship, and used it to study at Zürich in Europe during 1891–92. A WEA fellowship the following year allowed her to complete her Ph.D. program. She graduated with a thesis titled Conductive Tissue of the Monocotyledonous Plants.
During the period 1894–96, she taught science at the American College for Girls in Constantinople. She studied research training at the University of Göttingen and completed some post-graduate studies at the University of Basel. By 1898 she had returned to the U.S. with a fellowship at the University of Michigan, where she taught botany until 1900. In 1901 she was named head of the Biology Department at Rockford College. During the summers of 1898–1901 she worked with the U.S. Fish Commission to perform a biological survey of Lake Erie. She joined the staff of Smith College in 1901 as an assistant in the biology department. Dr. Snow was promoted to instructor in 1902, and became the first at the college to teach courses in bacteriology. In 1906 she was named associate professor. She spent the remainder of her life at Northampton, Massachusetts.
Snow was noted for her international travels. During the 1890s she journeyed alone from Constantinople to Russia. She spent considerable time in China and India, pursuing her interests in regional art and architecture, and circling the world twice. Her scientific research was focused on plant conductive tissues and fresh water algae, with several papers published during 1899–1912. The green algae Chlamydomonas snowiae is named after her, as is the bacterial Genus Snowella. Her older brother, Benjamin Warner Snow, was professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin.
# Qatar at the 2000 Summer Paralympics

Qatar competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia. 3 competitors from Qatar won no medals to finish joint 69th in the medal table along with all other countries who failed to win medals.
# Oryzias melastigma

Oryzias melastigma is a species of ricefish in the family Adrianichthyidae. This killifish was described by Sir John McLelland in 1839. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

## Range

Oryzias melastigma is native to India and Bangladesh.

## Habitat

Oryzias melastigma lives in brackish waters and estuaries, however, it can be found in mangrove swamps and shallow lagoons, and can easily adapt to freshwater, even being able to spawn there.

## Description

This fish has a greyish/light-brownish translucent scale colour and the rim of its tail fin is yellow. Its shape is fairly streamlined and it has a triangular-shaped dorsal fin which is quite close to the tail fin. Its anal fin is very large and its pelvic fins, which are just in front of the anal fin, are very small. It has large eyes and its mouth is fairly high up on its body.
# Joel Rudnick

Joel Rudnick (born June 27, 1936) is an American painter and sculptor.

## Early life and education

Originally from Brooklyn, New York, Rudnick received his initial training as a painter at the Art Students League of New York. He was a protégé of Shelly Fink and studied with the caricaturist and painter David Levine on a scholarship at the Brooklyn Museum Art School. Rudnick also studied sculpture at the National Academy School of Art and Design in New York City.

## Career

Joel Rudnick re-modeled the falcon for the Central Park statue called The Falconer by George Blackall Simonds. The remodeling occurred in the late 1960s although, due to lack of funds, it was not actually cast and mounted until 1982.
The bulk of Rudnick's paintings are impressionistic landscapes of the Berkshires, which he has called home for most of his adult life. His sculptures, mostly nudes, depict people in various stages of life or in their loving interactions with each other.

## Awards

* Elizabeth T. Greenshields Memorial Foundation grant, Montreal, Canada
* Joel Meisner Foundry Prize, Salmagundi Club, New York City
* Lindsay Morris Memorial Award, Allied Artists of America, New York City
* Mrs. Louis Bennett Prize, National Sculpture Society
* The Louis La Baume Memorial Prize
* Harriet Whitney Frismuth Prize, National Academy School of Fine Arts
* Honorable mentions from the National Sculpture Society and Allied Artists of America
# Bertrand H. Hoak

Bertrand H. Hoak (January 29, 1917 – October 19, 1987) was an American businessman and politician from New York.

## Life

He was born on January 29, 1917, in Buffalo, New York, the son of Augustus F. Hoak (1887–1974) and Rose M. (Hoehn) Hoak (1889–1975). He attended Mt. St. Joseph's Grammar School and Buffalo East High School. In 1949, he married Nora Theresa Beasley (1920–2007), and they had five children. They ran Hoak's Lakeshore Restaurant in Hamburg, New York, and later also Hoak's Armor Inn in Hamburg. Hoak was chosen President of the Innkeepers Association of Western New York in 1961.
Hoak was a member of the New York State Senate in 1965 and 1966, and was Chairman of the Committee on Affairs of Villages in 1965. In June 1966, after re-apportionment, he ran in the 56th District for re-nomination, but was defeated in the Democratic primary by James D. Griffin. In November 1966, Hoak ran on the Liberal ticket for re-election, but was again defeated by Griffin. The election was heavily impacted by Bert Hoak's endorsement of Medicare.
He died on October 19, 1987, in Veterans Hospital in Buffalo, New York.
"The Innkeepers Association of Western New York's Bertrand H. Hoak Memorial Scholarship Award" was created in his honor at Erie Community College's Culinary Arts division.

## Sources

* ↑ New York Red Book (1965–1966; pg. 74)
* ↑ Nora Hoak, long time restaurant owner, proud political supporter, dies at age 87 in the Hamburg Sun, of Hamburg, in June 2007
* ↑ Innkeepers to Install Hoak as Head in the Buffalo Courier–Express, of Buffalo, on January 8, 1961
* ↑ "Bertrand H. Hoak" at Family Tree Maker
* ↑ Erie Community College – Culinary Arts
New York State Senate :
| Preceded byRichard T. Cooke | New York State Senate 57th District 1965 | Succeeded byThomas Laverne |
| Preceded bynew district | New York State Senate 64th District 1966 | Succeeded bydistrict abolished |
# Signatory

Signatory may refer to:
* The writer of a signature
** Signatory state, a country that has signed a treaty
* Signatory Vintage Scotch Whisky Company, owner of the Edradour distillery
# Petrus de Domarto

Petrus de Domarto (fl. c. 1445–1455) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance. He was a contemporary and probable acquaintance of Ockeghem, and was the composer of at least one of the first unified mass cycles to be written in continental Europe.

## Life

Domarto's life is poorly documented. He was listed as a singer at the Church of Our Lady in Antwerp in 1449, five years after Ockeghem was known to be there, and there is evidence he was in Tournai in 1451. He had a high reputation (which makes the lack of documentation on his life curious), but even so was passed over for a post as master of the choirboys (in favor of Paulus Iuvenis). No other documentation on his life has yet come to light.

## Music and reputation

Domarto's two mass settings, the Missa Spiritus almus and a Missa sine nomine, were famous at the time. The latter of the two may have been one of the earliest cyclic masses composed on the continent, most likely in the 1440s, and imitates some features of contemporary English composers such as Leonel Power. The Missa Spiritus almus, likely dating from the 1450s, is a cantus-firmus mass, with the melody always in the tenor, but with a changing rhythmic profile as it changes mensuration throughout the piece. The procedure was evidently influential on the next generation of composers, for it was still being copied in the 1480s, and Busnois may have based one of his own masses on the same method (the Missa O crux lignum). The theorist and writer Johannes Tinctoris criticised it for exactly the features that inspired other composers.
The two surviving secular compositions by Domarto are both rondeaux, formes fixes of the type popular with the Burgundian School.

## Works
### Masses

* Missa Spiritus almus (four voices)
* Missa sine nomine (three voices)

### Secular

Rondeaux, each for three voices:
* Chelui qui est tant plain de duel
* Je vis tous jours en esperance
# Alejandro Sánchez Pereira

Alejandro Sánchez Pereira (born 24 April 1980) is a Uruguayan politician, serving as Senator of the Republic in the 49th Legislature. A member of the Movement of Popular Participation – Broad Front. He was chosen by president-elect Yamandú Orsi to serve as the 20th Secretary of the Presidency in the Orsi administration, set to begin in March 2025.

## Early life

Sánchez was born in Montevideo in 1980, the son of two farmers' market vendors and supporters of the Broad Front. He has a younger brother, Daniel. Raised in Peñarol-Lavalleja, he attended public schools in his neighborhood.
# FlexAID

FlexAID is a molecular docking software that can use small molecules and peptides as ligands and proteins and nucleic acids as docking targets. As the name suggests, FlexAID supports full ligand flexibility as well side-chain flexibility of the target. It does using a soft scoring function based on the complementarity of the two surfaces (ligand and target).
FlexAID has been shown to outperform existing widely used software such as AutoDock Vina and FlexX in the prediction of binding poses. This is particularly true in cases where target flexibility is crucial, such as is likely to be the case when using homology models. The source code is available on GitHub under Apache License.

## Graphical user interface

A PyMOL plugin for FlexAID, NRGsuite, has also been developed by the original authors.
# Marty J. Chabert

Marty James Chabert (born April 12, 1956) is a businessman from Houma, Louisiana, who is a Democratic former member of the Louisiana State Senate. He served a single term from 1992 to 1996 to succeed his father, Leonard J. Chabert, also a Democrat, who died in office in 1991. His younger brother, Norby Chabert, a Democrat-turned-Republican, now holds this same District 20 seat, which encompasses Terrebonne and Lafource parishes.
Chabert's mother is the former Viona Lapeyrouse; both parents were born in Chauvin in Terrebonne Parish. He graduated from Vandebilt Catholic High School in Houma and attended Nicholls State University in Thibodaux in Lafourche Parish. As of 1996, he was the president of Mallard Pipe Testing & Tool Rental, Inc. He has also worked for Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge and the Houma Courier.
Chabert ran unsuccessfully in 1983 for the District 53 seat in the Louisiana House of Representatives before he won the Senate race eight years later upon his father's death. Chabert did not seek reelection in the nonpartisan blanket primary in 1995 and was succeeded by fellow Democrat Michael Robichaux.
On February 2, 2013, the Chaberts, Leonard J., Marty J., and Norbert N., were inducted into the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in Winnfield, along with several other individuals, including the late State Senator Charles C. Barham and George Dement, the former mayor of Bossier City.
# Stan Up

Stan Up is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Stanley Huang's (Chinese: 黃立行) 3rd Mandarin studio album. It was released on 16 November 2002 by EMI Music Taiwan. One further edition was released, Stan Up/Make Free 2003 (Deluxe Limitation Edition) (Stan Up/解禁2003(激突CD+VCD超值限量紀念版)) on 2 January 2003 with a bonus DVD containing seven music videos and also an exclusive calendar of "2003 Stanley".
# Peuceus

In Greek mythology, Peuceus (Ancient Greek: Πευκεΐδας) was the centaur father of Perimedes and Dryalus, these two attended Pirithous’ and Hippodameia’s wedding and fought against the Lapiths during the celebrated Centauromachy.

## Mythology

Peuceus was briefly mentioned by Hesiod, describing the shield of Heracles:
   “And there was the strife of the Lapith spearmen gathered round the prince Caeneus and Dryas and Peirithöus, with Hopleus, Exadius, Phalereus, and Prolochus, Mopsus the son of Ampyce of Titaresia, a scion of Ares, and Theseus, the son of Aegeus, like unto the deathless gods. These were of silver, and had armour of gold upon their bodies. And the Centaurs were gathered against them on the other side with Petraeus and Asbolus the diviner, Arctus, and Ureus, and black-haired Mimas, and the two sons of Peuceus, Perimedes and Dryalus: these were of silver, and they had pinetrees of gold in their hands, and they were rushing together as though they were alive and striking at one another hand to hand with spears and with pines."
# David Leapman

David Leapman (born 1959) is an English painter, who won the John Moores Painting Prize in 1995.

## Biography

Leapman studied in London at St Martin's School of Art, Goldsmiths College and Chelsea College of Art.
His work often uses unusual materials, as well as strong and vibrant colours.
In 1995 Leapman won the John Moores Painting Prize 19, with his acrylic painting Double-Tongued Knowability, and won a prize at the following exhibition in 1997. He was selected to take part in the Jerwood Drawing Prize exhibition in 2006.
He has paintings and drawings in the permanent collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, the British Government Art Collection and Walker Art Gallery amongst others.
Leapman moved to Riverside, California in 2007, where he runs a gallery called Contemporary Artist Space (CAS) from his own home.
# Els Van Hoof

Els Van Hoof (born 7 March 1969) is a Belgian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Representatives since 2014. She was a member of the Senate in 2008, from 2009 to 2010, and from 2013 to 2014.
# Aaron Carroll

Aaron Edward Carroll is an American pediatrician and professor of pediatrics at Indiana University School of Medicine. Carroll is a Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics and Chief Health Officer at Indiana University. He is also an Associate Dean for Research Mentoring and the director of the Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research at Indiana University School of Medicine.

## Education

Carroll received his B.A. in chemistry from Amherst College in 1994 and his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1998. After receiving his M.D., he completed his internship and residency in pediatrics at the University of Washington, where he received his M.S. in health services research in 2003. While there, he was a fellow in the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program.

## Work

Carroll's research focuses on information technology in pediatrics, cost-effectiveness analyses in medicine, and health policy. Along with Rachel C. Vreeman, he co-authored the 2011 book Don't Cross Your Eyes ... They'll Get Stuck That Way! And 75 Other Health Myths Debunked, which debunks medical myths. Along with Austin Frakt, he writes a column for The New York Times called "The New Health Care", where he gave his own experiences with ulcerative colitis as an example of the benefits and difficulties of the health care system. He and Frakt are also co-editors-in-chief of the medical blog the Incidental Economist. Carroll is also the host of the YouTube series "Healthcare Triage".
# Shoal Beach, Hawke's Bay

Shoal Beach is a beach that lies between Pourerere and Blackhead in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand.

## Geography

Shoal Beach is located at 40°S 176°E on the East Coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Shoal Beach is located at the settlement of Aramoana, Hawke's Bay, which is not to be confused with the coastal settlement of Aramoana, Otago, New Zealand. Shoal Beach is a sandy beach much like other Hawke's Bay beaches such as Ocean Beach and Waipatiki Beach.

## Environment

The Te Angiangi Marine Reserve covers an area of 446 hectares and extends one nautical mile offshore between Shoal Beach and Blackhead.
# Maksimka

Maksimka or Maximka (Russian: Максимка) is a 1953 Soviet children's adventure film directed by Vladimir Braun and starring Tolya Bovykin, Boris Andreyev and Vyacheslav Tikhonov.

## Plot

In 1864, the Russian corvette Bogatyr encounters an American ship in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. In the ship's hold, there is a cargo of enslaved Black people. Two days later, the sailors of Bogatyr rescue a young Black boy from the wreckage of an American ship destroyed in a storm. Terrified and beaten by the slave traders, the boy finds kindness and compassion in the Russian sailors. Soon, the boy, nicknamed Maksimka by the crew, becomes a favorite of the entire team. Among them, sailor Luchkin forms a particularly strong bond with Maksimka.
Luchkin’s love for the boy helps him overcome a deep sense of bitterness from an earlier injury caused by a cruel landowner. Through his attachment to Maksimka, Luchkin finds a renewed sense of purpose and meaning in life. In return, Maksimka shows his affection for his older Russian friend. He actively helps the crew of Bogatyr rescue Luchkin from captivity aboard an American ship, where labor recruiters had forcibly taken him. Due to his resourcefulness and courage in rescuing Luchkin, the captain of Bogatyr orders that Maksimka be officially enrolled in the corvette’s crew and is given the surname Bogatyryov. Thus, Maksimka becomes a young sailor of the Russian navy.

## Cast

* Tolya Bovykin as Maksimka
* Boris Andreyev as Seaman Luchkin
* Vyacheslav Tikhonov as Ship's Lt. Gorelov
* Emmanuil Geller as American slave runner
* Mikhail Astangov as Captain of the slave ship
* Aleksandr Kashperov as Richards (mate of slave ship)
* Nikolay Kryuchkov as Russian ship's bo'sun
* Sergei Kurilov as Russian ship's captain
* Stepan Kayukov as Russian ship's officer
* Vladimir Balashov as Russian ship's officer
* Pyotr Sobolevsky as Russian ship's navigator
* Mark Bernes as Russian ship's doctor
* Konstantin Sorokin as Russian ship's yeoman
* Nikolai Pishvanov as Russian sailor
* Andrei Sova as Russian sailor
* Mikhail Pugovkin as Russian sailor
# In-SHUCK-ch Mountain

In-SHUCK-ch Mountain is a 2,386-metre (7,828-foot) summit in British Columbia, Canada.

## Description

In-SHUCK-ch Mountain is located 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Whistler in Garibaldi Provincial Park and the Coast Mountains. Precipitation runoff and glacial meltwater from this mountain drains into tributaries of the Lillooet River. In-SHUCK-ch Mountain is more notable for its steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation as topographic relief is significant with the summit rising 2,186 metres (7,172 ft) above Little Lillooet Lake in four kilometres (2.5 mi).

## History

The mountain was officially named Gunsight Peak in 1978, but officially changed on August 13, 1992, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The name of the mountain is pronounced In-SHUCK-ch, meaning "split like a crutch", which refers to the split gap of the summit area. The people of the In-SHUCK-ch Nation took their name from this sacred mountain. In-SHUCK-ch Mountain is significant in the origin stories of the people, as the mountain provided a refuge from a great flood.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, In-SHUCK-ch Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports an unnamed glacier on the north slope of the peak. The months of July and August offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing In-SHUCK-ch Mountain.

## Gallery

* In-SHUCK-ch Mountain in front. Nivalis Mountain centered at top, Mount Sir Richard at far right.
* Nivalis Mountain (upper left corner) and Mount Sir Richard (upper right corner) with the Southwest peak of In-shuck-ch Mountain centered.
# Liechtenstein at the 1988 Summer Paralympics

Liechtenstein competed at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea. 2 competitors from Liechtenstein won no medals and so did not place in the medal table. Athlete Iris Schaelder competed in the Women's Long Jump B1, having previously competed in the same event in 1984. Table Tennis player Peter Frommelt competed in the Men's Singles TT5 and reached the quarter-final where he lost to the silver medallist Thomas Schmitt (West Germany).
# Petros Christo

Petros Christodoulidis (Greek: Πέτρος Χριστοδουλίδης), born March 4, 1975, in Greece, is the current bass player of the Power metal band Firewind. He has also played in Breaking Silence. He is the owner of The Wet Match Cafe, which was known as Emerald Cafe in the past, in his home town, Thessaloniki.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Live Premonition (DVD). Principal theatre, Thessaloniki, Greece: Century Media. Event occurs at 31:40 to 31:55. 9977480. I ran my own bar in my home town of Thessaloniki, called 'Emerald'. Everybody knows that I'm big Thin Lizzy fan so I the name from the Thin Lizzy song 'Emerald'
* This Greek biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article on a Greek musician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about a bass guitarist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Trooper first class

Trooper first class is a rank used by several state police agencies within the United States and in some world militaries.
In particular, in the Louisiana State Police, it is a rank below senior trooper, yet above trooper. The insignia for this rank consists of a gold colored 'TFC' collar pin worn on the wearer's right lapel. However, the Illinois State Police collar insignia is one silver chevron. In ISP, it is above trooper and below master trooper. Troopers who complete five (5) years of satisfactory or exceptional service are promoted to the rank of trooper first class. After attaining this rank, the trooper first becomes eligible to test for a supervisory position as a sergeant. The title of address is trooper or trooper first class.
Usage in other agencies or countries may vary. In the United States, state agencies are referred to state police or highway patrol. The rank of Trooper First Class is used by the following state agencies within the United States:
# MED25

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 25 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED25 gene.

## Interactions

MED25 has been shown to interact with MED4.