OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Graeme Sturges

Graeme Lindsay Sturges (born 31 May 1955) is an Australian politician. He was a Labor Party member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 2002 to 2010 and 2011 to 2014, representing the Hobart-based electorate of Denison. He was elected twice before losing his seat in 2010, regained it in a countback following the resignation of David Bartlett in 2011, and retired at the 2014 election. He was the state Minister for Infrastructure from 2008 until 2010.

## Early life

Sturges was born in Hobart. Prior to entering Parliament, he worked as the State Secretary for the Tasmanian branch of the Communications, Electrical & Plumbing Union.

## Political career

Sturges entered Parliament when he was elected to the seat of Denison at the 2002 state election.
Sturges retained his political seat in the 2006 state election and continued his role as Government Whip whilst also remaining involved in community groups such as the RSPCA Australia, Disabled Riders Association, Pensioners Union, French Car Club of Tasmania and the boxing community.
Sturges was appointed the Minister for Infrastructure in David Bartlett's cabinet following the resignation of Premier, Paul Lennon.
During his time as Minister, Sturges attracted vigorous comment as to his handling of both rail infrastructure and ports as services either failed or were proven to have significant deterioration due to inactivity over many years. The absence of available Federal stimulus funding to alleviate these issues was also commented upon with Sturges admitting that the government had failed to apply for financial support.
During his time in parliament, Sturges was reported to have made several gaffes. In March 2009, he was accused of misusing his position by raising an incident between his son and a bus driver with the management of Metro Tasmania. In another widely reported incident, Sturges reportedly shouted at a Spirit of Tasmania security guard, stating "Don't you know who I am? I'll have your job." Sturges apologised to the guard, but later denied he had made the statements attributed to him, and said that his apology had been forced by the premier's media advisors.
Sturges subsequently lost his seat in the Tasmanian state election in March 2010 gaining only 1,185 primary votes. He was then appointed chairman of TasBuild.
In May 2011, former Premier David Bartlett resigned from parliament, triggering a "countback" (or recount of 2010 votes) for Denison. Of Labor's unsuccessful candidates at that election, Lisa Singh had been elected to the Australian Senate, leaving Sturges and Madeleine Ogilvie as the eligible Labor candidates. The recount took place on 26 May, and Sturges was re-elected with 5,362 votes to Ogilvie's 4,197.
# NGC 4567 and NGC 4568

NGC 4567 and NGC 4568 (nicknamed the Butterfly Galaxies or Siamese Twins) are a set of unbarred spiral galaxies about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. They were both discovered by William Herschel in 1784. They are part of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies.
These galaxies are in the process of colliding and merging with each other, as studies of their distributions of neutral and molecular hydrogen show, with the highest star-formation activity in the part where they overlap. However, the system is still in an early phase of interaction. In about 500 million years the galaxies will coalesce into a single elliptical galaxy.

## Supernovae

Four supernovae have been observed in the Butterfly Galaxies:
* SN 1990B (type Ib, mag. 16) was discovered by Saul Perlmutter and Carlton Pennypacker on 20 January 1990.
* SN 2004cc (type Ic, mag. 17.5) was discovered by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) on 10 June 2004.
* SN 2020fqv (type IIb, mag. 19) was discovered by the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE) on 31 March 2020.
* SN 2023ijd (type II, mag. 16.8) was discovered by ASAS-SN on 14 May 2023.

## Naming controversy

The two galaxies were nicknamed "Siamese Twins" because they appear to be connected. On August 5, 2020, NASA announced that they would not use that nickname in an effort to avoid systemic discrimination in their terminology.
# Alessandra Fossati

Alessandra Fossati (born 30 September 1963) is a retired Italian high jumper.

## Biography

She became Italian champion in 1986. Her personal best jump was 1.90 metres, achieved in February 1986 in Madrid.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Venue | Result |
| 1979 | European Indoor Championships | Vienna, Austria | 4th |
| 1980 | European Indoor Championships | Sindelfingen, West Germany | 6th |
| 1981 | European Junior Championships | Utrecht, Netherlands | 2nd |
| 1986 | European Indoor Championships | Madrid, Spain | 5th |
# Daniel W. Huff

Daniel Webster Huff (September 20, 1854 - June 4, 1940) was a Democratic Mississippi state legislator in the early 20th century.

## Biography

Daniel Webster Huff was born on September 20, 1854, in Old Centreville, Amite County, Mississippi. He was the son of Holloway Huff and his wife, Caroline (Pomeroy) Huff. Daniel relocated to nearby Wilkinson County and became a cotton planter. He served as a member of the Board of Supervisors of Wilkinson County. In 1903, he was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives, where he represented Wilkinson County as a Democrat from 1904 to 1908. In 1915, he was elected to the Mississippi State Senate, representing the state's 7th district. He died at his home in Centreville on June 4, 1940.

## Personal life

He was a Presbyterian. He married Mary Narcissus Lanehart in 1877. After her death, he remarried Birdie Albertine Whetstone in 1902. He had nine children, eight from his first marriage, and one from his second.
# Hilia Barber

Hilia Barber is a Bissau-Guinean politician who served as the country's first female Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1999. She has also served as the country's ambassador to France and Israel.

## Career

Hilia Barber has a long history in the foreign service. She was chief of the Guinea-Bissau Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Europe-America department in 1982. In this role Barber was part of a delegation sent to Cuba to negotiate technical assistance, international scholarships and military training. She presented her credentials to President of Israel Ezer Weizman on 17 April 1996. Barber was the first ambassador to Israel from Guinea-Bissau. Whilst serving in this role, in July 1998 she successfully sought humanitarian aid from the Israeli government to help alleviate suffering as a result of the Guinea-Bissau Civil War.
In early 1999 Barber was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, the first woman to serve in that role. She was replaced by José Pereira Baptista later that same year. By 2013 Barber had become Guinea-Bissau's ambassador to France.
# Grimmen station

Grimmen station is a railway station in the municipality of Grimmen, located in the Vorpommern-Rügen district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
# Mitlenatch Island Nature Provincial Park

Mitlenatch Island Nature Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada encompassing Mitlenatch Island, a small islet in the northern Strait of Georgia within the Strathcona Regional District.
Mitlenatch Island is located approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Courtenay, British Columbia in the Strait of Georgia. The protected area is 155 hectares (380 acres) in size, with 36 hectares (89 acres) being upland and 119 hectares (290 acres) foreshore area.

## History

In 1959, the Province of British Columbia purchased Mitlenatch Island from a local family, and in 1961 it was designated as a Provincial Nature Park.
"Mitlenatch" is a Coast Salish First Nations word translated to mean "calm waters all around". Perhaps the most descriptive meaning comes from the Sliammon language where ‘metl’ meant calm and ‘nach’ meant posterior. Calm (waters) behind is an apt description of the island during stormy weather. In the Kwak'wala language of the Kwakwaka'wakw, ‘mah-kwee-lay-lah’ meant "it looks close, but seems to move away as you approach it".

## Conservation

Mitlenatch Island Nature Provincial Park is home to the largest seabird colony in the Strait of Georgia. Glaucous-winged gulls, pelagic cormorants, pigeon guillemots, rhinoceros auklets and black oystercatchers also return to Mitlenatch each spring to breed. All sedentary marine life, including abalones, scallops and sea cucumbers are fully protected within this zone. Some of the largest garter snakes in BC reside here. These snakes are frequently encountered along trails and in beach and tide pool areas, where they feed on small fish such as sculpins and blennies. This park is a favourite haul-out for harbour seals, northern and California sea lions. The sea lions are generally present from late autumn to mid-May. River otters, killer whales and harbour porpoises are often sighted offshore.

## Recreation

Mitlenatch Island is only accessible by boat, with opportunities for canoeing, kayaking and nature-watching. Due to the sensitive bird habitat, most of the island is closed to the public. A short trail from Camp Bay to Northwest Bay, and to East Hill gull blind are the only areas accessible to visitors.
# Samuel Thatcher

Samuel Thatcher (July 1, 1776 – July 18, 1872) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts.
He was born in Cambridge in the Province of Massachusetts Bay on July 1, 1776; was graduated from Harvard University in 1793; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1797 and commenced practice in New Gloucester (then in Massachusetts' District of Maine); moved to Warren in 1800; member of the Massachusetts house of representatives 1801–1811; was elected as a Federalist to the Seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Silas Lee; reelected to the Eighth Congress and served from December 6, 1802, to March 3, 1805; sheriff of Lincoln County, 1814–1821; member of the Maine house of representatives in 1824; moved to Bangor, Maine, in 1860, and died there July 18, 1872; interment in Bangor's Mount Hope Cemetery.
# Second Act

Second Act or The Second Act may refer to:
* Second Act (film), a 2018 American romantic comedy film
* Second Act, a 2023 Swedish film directed by Mårten Klingberg
* The Second Act (film), a 2024 French comedy film directed by Quentin Dupieux
* The Second Act (album), an upcoming album by Missy Higgins
* "The Second Act", a 2012 episode of the television sitcom The Middle
# Shamima Harun Lubna

Shamima Harun Lubna (born 7 May 1966) is a Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member from a women's reserved for Chittagong District. She is the General Secretary of the Bangladesh Mohila Awami League Chittagong South District unit.
# East Weare Battery

East Weare Battery is a former 19th-century gun battery to the east of the Verne Citadel on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. The battery was built in the 1860s as a result of the Royal Commission to guard the new Portland harbour and Royal Navy institutions on the island. Five open batteries were built housing 20 9" and 10" RMLs. After 1877 the batteries were designated by letter 'A' to 'E'.
In 1900 the batteries were re-armed with more modern breech loading guns. 'A' battery received two 9.2 inch Breech Loading (BL) guns and 'B' battery received three BL 6 inch Mk VII guns on Central Pivot Mk II mounts. By 1919 the 6-inch guns had been removed, but the 9.2-inch guns remained in place until the dissolution of Coast Artillery in 1956.
The site was then used for training by the Royal Navy, which has damaged some of the gun positions. The batteries are derelict and there is no public access. Parts of the batteries are now listed as Ancient Monuments by Historic England.
# Neubrandenburg station

Neubrandenburg (German: Bahnhof Neubrandenburg) is a railway station in the city of Neubrandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The station lies on the Stralsund-Neubrandenburg railway and Bützow–Szczecin railway and the train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn and Ostseeland Verkehr.

## Train services

The station is served by the following services:
| Line | Route |
| RE 4 | Lübeck – Neubrandenburg – Ueckermünde Stadthafen/Stettin |
| RE 5 | Stralsund – Neubrandenburg – Neustrelitz – Oranienburg – Berlin – Berlin Südkreuz |
| RE 51 | Stralsund – Neubrandenburg – Neustrelitz |
# Brains in Bahrain

Brains in Bahrain was an eight-game chess match between World Chess Champion Vladimir Kramnik and the computer program Deep Fritz 7, held in October 2002. The match ended in a tie 4-4, with two wins for each participant and four draws.

## Outcome of games

The first game was drawn. Kramnik won games 2 and 3 by "conventional" anti-computer tactics—play conservatively for a long-term advantage the computer is not able to see in its game tree search. After a draw in game 4, Kramnik lost game 5 due to a blunder. Game 6 was described by commentators as "spectacular". Kramnik, in a better position in the early middlegame, sacrificed a piece to launch an attack—a strategy known to be highly risky against computers, which are at their strongest when defending such attacks. True to form, Fritz found a watertight defense and Kramnik was left in a bad position. Kramnik resigned the game, believing his position to be lost. However, post-game analysis has shown that Fritz was unlikely to have been able to force a win—Kramnik gave up a drawn position. The final two games were draws.

## Selection of Fritz and creation of Deep Fritz

Fritz had been chosen to play Kramnik by winning a qualifying event in Cadaques, Spain in 2001. The other competing program was Junior; the reigning world computer chess champion Shredder declined an invitation to compete. The 24-game match started very poorly for Fritz, which lost five games in a row before coming back strongly in the last ten games to tie the series and finally win the play-off. Fritz became Deep Fritz when its hardware was extended to an eight-processor machine for the competition.

## Advantages

Kramnik was given several advantages in his match against Fritz when compared to most other Man vs. Machine matches, such as the one Garry Kasparov lost against Deep Blue in 1997. The code of Fritz was frozen some time before the first match and Kramnik was given a copy of Fritz to practice with for several months. Another difference was that in games lasting more than 56 moves, Kramnik was allowed to adjourn until the following day, during which time he could use his copy of Fritz to aid him in his overnight analysis of the position.
# Winnipeg Route 145

Route 145 is an arterial road in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
It follows Wilkes Avenue and the Sterling Lyon Parkway, running east from an interchange at the Perimeter Highway (PTH 100) to Waverley Street (Route 80). Heading west from Winnipeg, it continues as Provincial Road 427 into the Rural Municipality of Headingley. Wilkes Avenue runs parallel to the main Canadian National Railway line.
Route 145 previously followed Wilkes Avenue in its entirety; however, a segment of Wilkes near Kenaston Boulevard (Route 90) was demolished as part of the Kenaston Underpass project in 2005. The Sterling Lyon Parkway was constructed in its place and now makes up the route between Victor Lewis Drive and Shaftesbury Boulevard (Route 96).
Wilkes Avenue was named after Charles R. Wilkes (1825–1910), a prospector, lawyer, newsman, businessman, and repeat candidate for mayor who came to Winnipeg in 1882 from Owen Sound, Ontario. He was a strong advocate for residential development south of Portage Avenue (Route 85).

## Major intersections

From east to west: The entire route is in Winnipeg.
| Street Name | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Wilkes Avenue | 0.0 | 0.0 | PR 427 west (Wilkes Avenue) Perimeter Highway (PTH 100) | Interchange, Route 145 western terminus; PR 427 eastern terminus; PR 427 continues west |
| Wilkes Avenue | 6.7 | 4.2 | Shaftesbury Boulevard (Route 96 north) / McCreary Road – Assiniboine Park | Wilkes Avenue east end; Sterling Lyon Parkway west end |
| Sterling Lyon Parkway | 8.4 | 5.2 | Kenaston Boulevard (Route 90) | |
| Sterling Lyon Parkway | 10.2 | 6.3 | Wilkes Avenue / Victor Lewis Drive | Sterling Lyon Parkway east end; Wilkes Avenue west end |
| Wilkes Avenue | 10.7 | 6.6 | Waverly Street (Route 80)Hurst Way | Route 145 eastern terminus; Hurst Way continues east |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi Route transition |||||
# António Isaac Monteiro

António Isaac Monteiro is the former foreign minister of Guinea-Bissau. He was in that position from 9 November 2005 to 17 April 2007, in the government of Prime Minister Aristides Gomes. He was previously the Minister of Development.
# Louis Lansana Beavogui

Louis Lansana Beavogui (N'Ko: ߟߊ߲߭ߛߌ߬ߣߍ߬ ߓߌߦߊߝ߭ߏߜ߭ߌ߫; 28 December 1923 – 19 August 1984) was a Guinean politician. He was Prime Minister from 1972 to 1984 and was briefly interim President in 1984.

## Background and political career

Beavogui, a member of the Toma ethnic group, was born in Macenta, located in southern Guinea. He was trained as a medical doctor at the School of Medicine and Pharmacy in the Senegalese city of Dakar to become a medic. He first worked as an assistant medical officer in Guéckédou and then as a medical officer in Kissidougou. His political career began in 1953 as a town councillor. He was elected as Mayor of Kissidougou when he was 31 years old in 1954, and elected to the National Assembly of France in January 1956 as one of three deputies representing French Guinea. Under President Ahmed Sékou Touré, Beavogui was appointed to the government as Minister of Economic Affairs and Planning when Guinea gained its independence in 1958, and he was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1961. In 1961 he represented Guinea at the 1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Belgrade, FPR Yugoslavia. After the Guinean government allowed Kwame Nkrumah, the ousted President of Ghana, to live in exile in Guinea, the authorities in Ghana detained Beavogui at the airport in Accra while he was on his way to Ethiopia for a conference of the Organization of African Unity in October 1966. He remained Foreign Minister until May 1969, when he was moved back to his position as Minister of Economic Affairs.
At the end of the Ninth Congress of the ruling Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG) on 25 April 1972, President Touré said that Beavogui would become Prime Minister; that position had not previously existed. Beavogui served as Prime Minister from 26 April 1972 to 3 April 1984.

## Interim presidency and military coup

Touré died on 26 March 1984. Per the Constitution, Beavogui became interim president. A week later, on 3 April, the PDG's Politburo was due to select a new leader. Beavogui, a close friend of Touré, was widely expected to succeed him. Under the Constitution, since the PDG was the sole legally permitted party, the newly elected leader would have been automatically elected to a seven-year term as president, and would have been confirmed in office via a referendum the following spring. Thus, had Beavogui been elected as the PDG's leader, he would have been all but assured of becoming president in his own right.
During his brief presidency, he said goodbye to his predecessor at his funeral. Lansana Beavogi spoke at a mourning rally at the Palais du Peuple on March 28, met with many delegations who arrived for the funeral at the airport, read a farewell speech at Sékou Touré's funeral on March 30. However, hours before the meeting was to begin, Colonel Lansana Conté and Lieutenant Colonel Diarra Traoré led a military coup which toppled the government. The PDG was dissolved, and the Constitution was suspended.
Following the coup, Beavogui was imprisoned in Kindia prison until being taken to Conakry for medical treatment. He died of diabetes while hospitalized in Conakry in August 1984.
# Saifoulaye Diallo

Saifoulaye Diallo (1 July 1923 – 25 September 1981) was a Guinean politician, lawmaker and cabinet member.

## Career

Diallo was educated at the École normale supérieure William Ponty in Dakar. While working as a civil servant in French West Africa, he was also a trade union activist, causing him to frequently move. As a member of the African Democratic Rally (RDA), he served in the National Assembly of France from 1956 to 1958.
In the 1957 Guinean Territorial Assembly election, Diallo was elected to and served as the first president of the assembly. After Guinea became independent in 1958, he continued as president of the country's National Assembly until 1963. Diallo was the political secretary of the ruling Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally (PDG-RDA) and, after President Ahmed Sékou Touré, the de facto number-two statesman during the first five years of the Republic of Guinea. In January 1963 he entered the government, where he would serve as Minister of State, at various points responsible for finance and planning.
In May 1969, Diallo replaced Louis Lansana Béavogui as Minister of Foreign Affairs. After leaving the position as Minister of Foreign Affairs for health reasons in June 1972, he held the largely ceremonial post of Minister to the Presidency until 1976.

## Honours and awards
### Foreign honours

* Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion (1959)
* Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1959)
* Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1971)

## Books and speeches

* Saifoulaye Diallo. Rapport social : présenté le 27 septembre 1967 au 8e Congrès du P.D.G. Parti démocratique de Guinée. Conakry, Impr. Patrice Lumumba, 1967.
* Hommage à Elhadj Saifoulaye Diallo. Parti-Etat de Guinée. Conakry : Impr. Patrice Lumumba, 1981.
* Saifoulaye Diallo. Exposé sur le domaine financier. Parti démocratique de Guinée. Bureau politique national.; Ecole nationale des cadres du parti. Conakry, s.n., 1968
* Réformes de la constitution : différents discours. Saifoulaye Diallo; Charles de Gaulle; Ahmed Sékou Touré. Conakry. Bureau de presse de la Présidence de la République populaire révolutionnaire de Guinée, 1981.
* Discours. Jean Mauberna, Saifoulaye Diallo, Sékou Touré. Conakry, Impr. du gouvernement. Guinée française. Conakry, 1958
* Sidiki Kobélé Keita. Un homme de conviction et de foi : Saïfoulaye Diallo (1923-1981). Conakry : SKK, 2003.
# Enrique Muñoz Meany

Enrique Muñoz Meany (2 February 1907 – 22 December 1951) was a Guatemalan lawyer, diplomat, politician, writer, activist and journalist.
He graduated from the University of San Carlos de Guatemala in law. During the multitudinous demonstrations during the government of Jorge Ubico, he was one of the main activists who signed the mythical Carta de los 311 in which they asked for the resignation of President Jorge Ubico.
After the overthrow of the successor of Ubico Federico Ponce Vaides, he was appointed by the revolutionary government as Secretary of Foreign Affairs on October 20, 1944, culminating his function on March 15, 1945.
Shortly after in 1947, President Juan José Arévalo appointed him Minister of Foreign Affairs, leaving office in 1949. From that date, Arévalo appointed him ambassador of Guatemala to France, where he died in 1951.
# Minister of Foreign Affairs (Grenada)

This is a list of foreign ministers of Grenada.
* 1979–1981: Maurice Bishop
* 1981–1983: Unison Whiteman
* 1983–1984: Patrick Emmanuel
* 1984–1990: Ben Jones
* 1990: Nicholas Brathwaite
* 1990–1991: Ben Jones
* 1991–1992: Nicholas Brathwaite
* 1992: Denis Noel
* 1992–1995: Nicholas Brathwaite
* 1995: Denis Noel
* 1995–1997: Keith Mitchell
* 1997–1998: Raphael Fletcher
* 1998–1999: R. Mark Isaac
* 1999: Keith Mitchell
* 1999–2000: R. Mark Isaac
* 2000–2008: Elvin Nimrod
* 2008–2010: Peter David
* 2010–2012: Karl Hood
* 2012–2013: Tillman Thomas
* 2013–2014: Nickolas Steele
* 2014–2016: Clarice Modeste-Curwen
* 2016–2018: Elvin Nimrod
* 2018–2020: Peter David
* 2020–2022: Oliver Joseph
* 2022–present: Joseph Andall

## Sources

* Rulers.org – Foreign ministers E–K