OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Meek of York

James Meek (1790–1862) was a Victorian Wesleyan Methodist, Whig politician, currier, glassmaker, and three times Lord Mayor of York.
He was also the middle one (James Meek II) of three James Meeks who are important in the history of York. His father (James Meek I) came to York from Brompton by Northallerton, where he had run a starch mill. He was an Anglican and was also at Kelfield, North Yorkshire.
James Meek II was born in 1890 in Brompton, Northallerton; he came to York in 1803 to serve an apprenticeship with Joseph Agar, currier. After working in various cities he returned to York on his marriage, setting up his own business in Goodramgate, York. He was a partner in the York Flint Glass Company and chairman of York City and County Bank. For a time he was also chairman of Hudson's York and North Midland Railway and of the Newcastle and Berwick Railway, but as a staunch Methodist, he resigned in a controversy regarding Sunday travel on the railway. He laid the foundation stone of the York cemetery chapel during his first term as Lord Mayor.
He was Lord Mayor of York in 1836, 1848 and 1850, the final time being immediately before George Hudson. He was also Sheriff of York in 1827 and was an Alderman of the city from 1835 until his death.

## His son, James Meek III or Sir James Meek

Sir James Meek (1815–1891) was the son of James Meek II. He succeeded to his father's business interests and was also a Wesleyan Methodist. However, in 1853 he became a Primitive Methodist in 1853 and an active member of Little Stonegate Chapel, York. He was Lord Mayor of York in 1855, 1865, and 1866 and was also instrumental in establishing Elmfield College.
James Meek III was a Liberal councillor for Bootham Ward from 1849 to 1853, and an Alderman in 1853. He went up to St John's College Cambridge in 1837 and then joined his father's firm
His son James Matthew Meek (//b//.1848) went to [[Trinity College Cambridge]]. His other sons were William A. MEEK (1868) and Siward W. MEEK (1884) (Scott, MSS.; Law Lists; The Times 1927:10:25)
James III was chairman of York City and County Bank, Governor of Bootham Asylum, treasurer of the York Mission. He was also a freemason in the York Lodge No. 236, Worshipful Master 1864, and a major commandant of the 1st West Yorkshire Rifle Volunteers. In 1869 he was "knighted, somewhat belatedly, for his hospitality to the Prince and Princess of Wales on their visit to York in August 1866 when they attended the Yorkshire Fine Art and Industrial Exhibition in the grounds of Bootham Park Hospital, the annual show of the Yorkshire Agricultural Society and the Great Volunteer Review of 21,000 troops, both on the Knavesmire".

## Middlethorpe Lodge

James Meek II and James Meek III both lived at Middlethorpe Lodge near York. In 1885 James Meek III left York for Cheltenham, where he died in 1885.
# Sabri Pilkati

Sabri Pilkati was an Albanian politician and mayor of Tirana in 1951, again from 1961-1962, and for a third time in 1965-1966.
# Kuzaran District

Kuzaran District (Persian: بخش کوزران) is in Kermanshah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Kuzaran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 15,162 in 3,282 households. The following census in 2011 counted 14,465 people in 3,782 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 13,682 inhabitants in 3,906 households.

### Administrative divisions

Kuzaran District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Haft Ashiyan RD | 1,828 | 1,628 | 1,444 |
| Sanjabi RD | 9,575 | 8,903 | 8,231 |
| Kuzaran (city) | 3,759 | 3,934 | 4,007 |
| Total | 15,162 | 14,465 | 13,682 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Binza group

The Binza group (French: groupe de Binza) was a ginger group active within the government of the Republic of the Congo (presently Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the early 1960s. Led by General Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, the clique played a major role in directing state policy, especially during the tenure of Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula, and enjoyed the covert backing of the United States government.

## Background and etymology

Binza was a suburb of Léopoldville that was developed after World War II as a neighborhood for upper class whites. By the 1960s the area was no longer segregated, but its expensive rents and lack of service from public transport limited its most of its Congolese residents to leading politicians and civil servants. The Binza group earned its name from this suburb, since many of its members maintained residences within it and met there. In American and Egyptian circles the group was respectively known as the Binza Boys or the Binza government.

## History

The Binza group was created in September 1960 and emerged as the preeminent political faction in Congolese politics in late 1961. Among its key members were Mobutu, who commanded the army; Victor Nendaka, the director of the Sûreté Nationale; Justin Marie Bomboko, a frequent foreign minister; Albert Ndele, the president of the National Bank of the Congo; and Damien Kandolo, a secretary in the Ministry of Interior. Politician Cléophas Kamitatu described it as an "association of friends of Mobutu". Ethnically and regionally diverse in membership, it exerted influence through its control of key government institutions. It enjoyed the support of the United States Central Intelligence Agency, which directed agent Larry Devlin to provide it with advice and financing. The existence of the group was not widely known until mid-1962.
The Binza Group was generally dissatisfied with Joseph Kasa-Vubu's leadership of the Congo as president and with the unruly nature of Parliament. Adoula was frequently supported by and in touch with the Binza group, but was not one of its members. He included its input in all important governmental actions.
With the possibility of national elections approaching in the near-future, in early 1963 members of the Binza group and other figures in the central government tried to organize new political parties that could win in such contests and hopefully secure their position in power. Despite significant resources and energy being devoted to these projects, these efforts largely failed to cultivate active bases of support among provincial leaders and the public. The Binza group's influence in government declined while Moïse Tshombe was prime minister, but it helped orchestrate his removal from power.
Following his assumption of power in 1965, Mobutu progressively eliminated the Binza group in favor of a personalised and authoritarian method of rule. Some of its members were appointed ambassadors and sent abroad, largely to keep them from posing a political threat to the regime. A few were later arrested and accused of subversive activities.
# William Allaire Shortt

William Allaire Shortt (August 15, 1859 – March 9, 1915), was a Democrat, who represented Richmond County, New York in the New York State Assembly.

## Biography

He was born in Florence, Massachusetts, on August 15, 1859. He graduated from the University of Toronto in 1880. He then attended New York University Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1882.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly representing Richmond County, New York in 1908, 1910 and 1911.
He died at his home at 218 St. Paul's Avenue in Tompkinsville, Staten Island on March 9, 1915.
# Bumpas-Troy House

Bumpas-Troy House is a historic home which is located at Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. It was built in 1847, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, three-bay, Greek Revival-style brick dwelling. The front facade features a two-story portico.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is in the College Hill Historic District.
A bed-and-breakfast inn was operated in the house from 1992 through October 2016.
# Terra Findlay

Terra Findlay (born May 3, 1990) is a French-Canadian ice dancer who has also competed for France.

## Personal life

Findlay was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Her mother is a figure skating coach and her father and brother are hockey players. She moved to Barrie, Ontario at a young age to pursue pairs skating for Canada. Then after switching to Ice Dance, Findlay moved to France to compete with Richaud and lived in Lyon during their competitive career.
Findlay is now a graduate of the College of Sports Media in Toronto, Ontario and a broadcast journalist for Skate Canada.

## Career

Through 2005, Findlay competed as a single skater. She competed on the international level in singles for Canada, placing 6th on the novice level at the 2003 Triglav Trophy.
From 2003 through 2005, Findlay competed for Canada as a pair skater with partner John Mattatall. They were the 2004 Canadian junior silver medalists and placed 10th at the 2004 World Junior Championships. They were coached by Doug Leigh and Lee Barkell at the Mariposa School of Skating.
After that partnership ended in 2005, Findlay switched to ice dancing because she was growing too tall for pairs and teamed up with Liam Dougherty. They competed on the national level through 2007.
In November 2007, she teamed up with partner Benoît Richaud to compete for France. That season they were the 2008 Junior French silver medalists. In 2009, they became the French Junior Champions and the French bronze medalists. Their partnership ended following the 2008-2009 season.

## Competitive highlights
### Ice dancing with Richaud for France

International :
| Event | 2008–09 |
| European Championships | 19th |
| International: Junior ||
| World Junior Championships | 10th |
| JGP Belarus | 3rd |
| JGP France | 4th |
| National ||
| French Championships | 3rd |
| JGP = Junior Grand Prix ||

### Ice dancing with Dougherty for Canada

National :
| Event | 2005–06 | 2006–07 |
| Canadian Championships | 8th | 7th |

### Pairs with Mattatall for Canada

International :
| Event | 2002–03 | 2003–04 | 2004–05 |
| Nebelhorn Trophy | | | 4th |
| International: Junior ||||
| World Junior Championships | | 10th | |
| JGP Slovenia | | 3rd | |
| JGP Slovakia | | 4th | |
| National ||||
| Canadian Championships | 4th J. | 2nd J. | 7th |
| J. = Junior level; JGP = Junior Grand Prix ||||

### Single skating for Canada

| Event | 2003–04 | 2004–05 |
| National |||
| Canadian Championships | 12th J. | 13th J. |
| J. = Junior |||
# Johan Theron (tennis)

Johan Theron (9 September 1975) is a former Namibian tennis player who represented Namibia in the Davis Cup.

## Career

Theron was a member of Namibia's very first Davis Cup team in 2000. Namibia competed in the 2000 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group IV, against Zambia, Ethiopia and San Marino. Namibia won their group and was promoted to Group III for 2001. Theron won two of his three singles matches and both the doubles matches he played.
During his Davis Cup career from 2000 to 2007, Theron played thirty-one rubbers in twenty-five ties, winning five of his twenty-two singles and seven of his nine doubles rubbers. In 2012 he was appointed as the Namibian Davis Cup captain. He works as a tennis coach in Windhoek, Namibia.
# Alvin Obinna Okoro

Alvin Obinna Okoro (born 26 March 2005) is an Italian professional football player who plays as a left-winger for Serie C Group B club Vis Pesaro on loan from Venezia.

## Club career

After coming through the youth ranks of Pordenone, Okoro made his professional debut for the club on 18 April 2022, coming in as a substitute for Leonardo Candellone at the 62nd minute of the Serie B game against Benevento: at 17 years and 23 days, he became the youngest player to feature in a league match during the 2021-22 season.
On 1 September 2022, Okoro officially joined Venezia on a permanent deal.
On 10 August 2024, Okoro joined Serie C club Vis Pesaro on a season-long loan.
# Gente (magazine)

Gente (Italian: People) is a popular and long-running Italian weekly current affairs and celebrity gossip magazine.

## History and profile

Gente was launched in Milan in 1957. Its founder and publisher was Edilio Rusconi, an Italian journalist, writer, publisher and film producer. The magazine was the flagship of Rusconi Group. The magazine was part of Rusconi Group until 1999 when the Group was acquired by Hachette Filipacchi Médias, a subsidiary of Lagardère SCA.
The magazine was published by Hachette Rusconi under the Hachette Filipacchi Médias ownership. It was owned by Hachette Filipacchi Médias until 2011 when it was acquired by Hearst Magazines. It is published on a weekly basis.

## Circulation

In 1964 the circulation of Gente was 331,000 copies which rose to 390,000 copies in 1968.
Gente had a circulation of 667,553 copies in 1984. It rose to 769,185 copies between September 1993 and August 1994. In 2000 the magazine had a circulation of 690,000 copies. The 2004 circulation of the magazine was 573,000 copies. It was 411,425 copies in 2007. Its circulation was 332,340 copies in 2010.
# Vera Aceva

Vera Aceva - Dosta (November 24, 1919 – November 10, 2006) was a Macedonian communist, participant in the World War II in Yugoslavia and a national hero of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).

## Early life and interwar period

Vera Aceva was born in 1919 in the village Oreovec, near Prilep. Her brother was Mirče Acev. Facing a difficult financial situation, Aceva had to cease her education after her second year of gymnasium and to find work, eventually finding employment in the tobacco industry.
Aceva joined the labor movement when she was 16 years old and became a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in early 1940. In September of the same year, at the provincial conference she was elected as a member of the Regional Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia for Macedonia. From September 1940 to November 1941, she was the Secretary of the Local Committee in Prilep.

## World War II in Yugoslavia

Aceva was one of the first organizers of the Prilep Partisan Detachment. In early 1942 she worked in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in Skopje, then as a party instructor in Strumica, Bitola and Štip. In August 1943 she became the commissioner of the Shar detachment, and when on 11 November 1943 the First Macedonian-Kosovo Brigade was formed, Aceva was elected deputy political commissar. She was at this position until January 1944 when she became the political secretary of the Third and Fourth District Committee of the League of Communists of Macedonia. In August 1944 she participated in the first session of the Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia, at which she was selected in its presidium.

## After liberation

In the 1945 Yugoslavian parliamentary election, Aceva was elected as a member of the Constitutional Assembly as part of 22 women out a total of 537 deputies. After liberation Aceva performed in more managerial positions. In 1948 she was the Mayor of the City of Skopje. At the Fifth Congress of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in July 1948 she was elected to the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. In March 1949, during the reconstruction of the People's Republic of Macedonia government, she was elected as Minister of Agriculture. She was then a member of the Federal Executive Council, Member of Parliament in more of the convocations of the People's Republic of Macedonia and SFRY.
In 1960 Aceva came into conflict with the then-Secretary of the Communist Party of Macedonia Lazar Koliševski, accusing him of making decisions together with Vidoe Smilevski - Bato outside of the Executive Committee of the League of Communists of Macedonia. At the meeting on 18 October 1960 Aleksandar Rankovic came from Belgrade, and stood on the side of Koliševski. Aceva was forced to retreat and moved to work in Belgrade.
In 1991 she published the book Letter to Svetozar Vukmanovik - Tempo.
# Jeffrey W. Smith

Jeffrey W. Smith is Director, Program for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Center on Proteolytic Pathways, Tumor Microenvironment at the Burnham Institute. Smith earned his Ph.D. in biological sciences at UC Irvine in 1987. Following postdoctoral training at The Scripps Research Institute, he was appointed to their staff in 1991. Smith was recruited to The Burnham Institute in 1995.
# Damas

Damas may refer to:

## Geography

* Damas-aux-Bois, a village in northeastern France
* Damas-et-Bettegney, a village in northeastern France
* Damas, Egypt, a city in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt
* Damas River (Chile), a river in southern Chile
* Damas River (Eritrea), a seasonal river of Eritrea
* Pichi Damas River, a river of Chile
* Isla Damas, an island of Costa Rica
* Damascus, the capital city of Syria

## Surname

* Arturo Rivera y Damas (1923–1994), fifth Archbishop of San Salvador
* Claude Damas Ozimo (born 1939), Gabonese politician
* François-Étienne de Damas (1764–1828), French general
* Georges Aleka Damas (1902–1982), composer of "La Concorde", the national anthem of Gabon
* Germán Carrera Damas (born 1930), a Venezuelan historian
* Ivo Damas (born 1977), Portuguese football player
* Joseph-François-Louis-Charles de Damas (1758–1829), French general
* Juan Velasco Damas (born 1977), Spanish footballer
* Léon Damas (1912–1978), French poet and politician
* Miguel Gómez Damas (1785–1849), Spanish general during the First Carlist War
* Vítor Damas (1947–2003), Portuguese goalkeeper
* Carlos Damas (1973), Portuguese violinist

## Family

* House of Damas, one of France's oldest noble families since the 9th century

## Other

* Damas (skipper), a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae.
* Daewoo Damas, a small van made by Daewoo
# William O. Mitchell

William O. Mitchell (April 4, 1846 – July 29, 1930) was an American politician.

## Early life and military service

William Mitchell was born on April 4, 1846, in Bonaparte, Iowa, to settlers of Van Buren County, George and Sarah Mitchell. After the American Civil War broke out, Mitchell enlisted in Company C of the 13th Iowa Infantry Regiment. Mitchell saw action at the Siege of Vicksburg, during the Meridian campaign, and was captured at the Battle of Atlanta. He was held at Andersonville Prison, the Florence Stockade, and the Salisbury Prison. Mitchell's release was secured near the end of the war, and he was mustered out of service with the 18th Iowa on July 21, 1865.

## Education and political career

Upon his return to Iowa, Mitchelled enrolled at Cornell College for six years, graduating in 1871, then studied law with the Stuart Brothers firm in Chariton for one year before starting his own practice. Mitchell also farmed, and was president of the Southwestern Iowa Blue Grass League. His 1891 election to the Iowa House of Representatives as a Republican ended longstanding Democratic dominance of the House District 13. In his first term as state representative, Mitchell additionally served as Speaker of the House. After winning reelection to the state house in 1893, Mitchell won the District 6 seat in the 1895 Iowa Senate election. Mitchell left the Iowa Senate upon completing his four-year term in 1900.

## Later life

In retirement, Michell and his wife moved to Oklahoma City. Around 1927, Mitchell relocated to New York City to improve his wife's health and be nearer to one of his daughters. He was injured in a car accident, and died on July 29, 1930, following a heart attack.
# Edward Tatum

Edward Lawrie Tatum (December 14, 1909 – November 5, 1975) was an American geneticist. He shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958 with George Beadle for showing that genes control individual steps in metabolism. The other half of that year's award went to Joshua Lederberg. Tatum was an elected member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Education

Edward Lawrie Tatum was born on December 14, 1909, in Boulder, Colorado to Arthur L. Tatum and Mabel Webb Tatum. Arthur L. Tatum was a chemistry professor, who by 1925 was a professor of pharmacology at the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
Edward Lawrie Tatum attended college at the University of Chicago for two years, before transferring to the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he received his BA in 1931 and PhD in 1934. His dissertation was Studies in the biochemistry of microorganisms (1934).

## Career

Starting in 1937, Tatum worked at Stanford University, where he began his collaboration with Beadle. He then moved to Yale University in 1945 where he mentored Lederberg. He returned to Stanford in 1948 and then joined the faculty of Rockefeller Institute in 1957. He remained there until his death on November 5, 1975, in New York City. A heavy cigarette smoker, Tatum died of heart failure complicated by chronic emphysema. His last wife Elsie Bergland died in 1998.

## Research

Tatum and Beadle carried out pioneering studies of biochemical mutations in Neurospora, published in 1941. Their work provided a prototype of the investigation of gene action and a new and effective experimental methodology for the analysis of mutations in biochemical pathways. Beadle and Tatum's key experiments involved exposing the bread mold Neurospora crassa to x-rays, causing mutations. In a series of experiments, they showed that these mutations caused changes in specific enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. This led them to propose a direct link between genes and enzymatic reactions, known as the "one gene, one enzyme" hypothesis.
Tatum spent his career studying biosynthetic pathways and the genetics of bacteria. An active area of research in his laboratory was to understand the basis of Tryptophan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Tatum and his student Joshua Lederberg showed that E. coli could share genetic information through recombination.

## Awards and honors

* 1959, Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
* 1958, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with George Beadle and Joshua Lederberg) for showing that genes control individual steps in metabolism.
* 1957, Member, American Philosophical Society,
* 1952, Member, United States National Academy of Sciences,
# Marine Products Export Development Authority

The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) is a statutory body established in 1972 under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India to promote and regulate the export of marine products. It is headquartered in Kochi.
MPEDA has regional offices, sub regional divisions, and desk offices across various cities in India, and trade promotion offices at New Delhi, Tokyo, and New York.

## History

It was constituted on 24 August 1972 by the provisions of the Marine Products Export Development Authority Act 1972 (No.13 of 1972) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, replacing the erstwhile Marine Products Export Promotion Council established in September 1961. Its mandate is to promote the export of marine products from India and to serve as a regulating authority for ensuring sustained and export quality seafood.

## Services offered by MPEDA

* Registration of infrastructure facilities for Seafood Export trade
* Collection and dissemination of trade information
* Projection of Indian marine products in overseas markets by participation in overseas fairs and organising international seafood fairs in India
* Implementation of development measures vital to the industry like distribution of insulated fish boxes, putting up fish landing platforms, improvement of peeling sheds, modernisation of industry such as upgrading of plate freezers, installation of IQF machinery, generator sets, ice making machineries, quality control laboratory etc.
* Promotion of brackish water aquaculture for production of prawn for export
* Promotion of deep sea fishing projects through test fishing, joint venture and equity participation