OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander John Arbuthnot

Sir Alexander John Arbuthnot KCSI CIE (11 October 1822 – 10 June 1907) was a British official and writer.

## Early life

He was born at Farmhill, County Mayo, the third son of Alexander Arbuthnot and his second wife Margaret Phoebe Bingham, daughter of George Bingham. Charles George Arbuthnot was his brother and Major-General George Bingham Arbuthnot a half-brother. He was uncle of Brigadier-general Alexander George Arbuthnot.
Arbuthnot was educated at Rugby School.

## Career

Arbuthnot served in Madras (now Chennai) as the director of Public Instruction (1855); he was a key force in the incorporation of Madras University (1857) where he served as the Vice Chancellor from 1871 to 1872; he was the chief secretary to the Madras Government (1862–67); he was a member of the Legislative Council (1867–72); he was a member of the Madras Executive Council; he served on the Viceroy's Executive Council (1875–80); he was acting Governor of Madras, India, for about three months, from 19 February 1872 to 15 May 1872. He later served as a member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India from 1888 to 1893.
Arbuthnot was honoured by the Crown with the titles of Knight Commander of The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India (1873) and Companion of The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (CIE).

## Later life

In 1880 Arbuthnot returned to England, his term on the Executive Council having come to an end. He settled at Newtown House, near Newbury. He lived there from 1881. The property, owned to 1879 by Edmund Arbuthnot, then came to him through a family connection, on the death in 1889 of William Chatteris of Sandleford Priory, whose first wife Anne was Arbuthnot's sister.
Arbuthnot contributed to the Dictionary of National Biography from its inception in 1885. He was a noted amateur rose grower.

## Family

Arbuthnot married, firstly, Frederica Eliza Fearon (died 1898), daughter of Robert Bryce Fearon (died 1851) of the 40th Foot. They had no children. His second wife, married in 1899, was Constance Angelena Milman (died 1936), daughter of Sir William Milman, 3rd Baronet. She was a novelist.

## Publications

* Select reports of criminal cases determined in the Court of Foujdaree Udalat of Madras (1851)
* Papers Relating to Public Instruction in the Madras Presidency (1855)
* Sir Thomas Munro, bart., governor of Madras: selections of his minutes and other official writings (1881)
* Lord Clive; the foundation of British rule in India (1899), with Henry Francis Wilson, Builders of Greater Britain series
* Memories of Rugby & India (1910), with Constance Arbuthnot
# Serlo

Serlo or Sarlo (French Serlon, Italian Serlone) is a Norman masculine given name, derived from the Old Norse Særli, and may refer to:
* Serlo I of Hauteville (fl. 11th century), son of Tancred of Hauteville
* Serlo II of Hauteville, son and namesake of Serlo I
* Serlo de Burci, Norman who became a landowner in south-west England after the Norman conquest
* Serlo (bishop of Sées)
* Serlo (abbot of Gloucester) (d. 1104) abbot of Gloucester Abbey
* Serlo (abbot of Cirencester) (d. c. 1148) abbot of Cirencester Abbey
* Serlo of Wilton, Anglo-Norman poet
* Serlo (priest), inaugural dean of Exeter
# Preservation Society of Charleston

Founded in 1920, the Preservation Society of Charleston is the oldest community-based historic preservation organization in the United States. Susan Pringle Frost founded the organization, first known as the Society for the Preservation of Old Dwellings, in 1920 along with a small group of friends.
The group met on April 21, 1920, at 20 South Battery (home of Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Pringle) and voted to try to save the circa 1803 Joseph Manigault House which was slated for demolition to make way for a gas station.
In 1931 the Society was instrumental in persuading Charleston City Council to pass the first zoning ordinance enacted to protect historic resources. The ordinance established the first Board of Architectural Review and designated a 138-acre (0.56 km$^2$) "Old and Historic District". The ordinance limited alterations to the exteriors of historic buildings and made provision for prosecuting violations.
In 1957 the Society took on its current name to reflect an expanded mission to protect not only dwellings but all sites and structures of historic significance or aesthetic value. The Society has sought to fulfill its mission through programs that focus on preservation education, advocacy, and planning. The Society was among the first organizations in South Carolina to accept exterior and interior preservation easements.
One of the best-known programs of the Society is its Carolopolis Award. Carolopolis Awards recognize excellent examples of preservation, renovation, restoration, and even new construction in Charleston. The awards are given each year in January. In 2017 the Society began using the awards as a fundraiser and started charging its members to attend.
The Society has also published a newsletter, Preservation Progress, since 1956.
In recognition of its efforts, the American Institute of Architects presented the Preservation Society of Charleston with its 1996 Institute Honor Award. The award recognized the Society for "being as much a part of Charleston, South Carolina history as protector of it, this Society has wrought a standard of commitment to community befitting the beauty and rich legacy of the city it has served for over 75 years."
The Society has been headquartered at 147 King St., Charleston, South Carolina (at the corner of King St. and Queen St.) since 1978 in the circa 1878–1880 Ernest Hesse grocery.

## Sources

Walter Edgar Jr., ed. "The South Carolina Encyclopedia." 753-754. (2006) (ISBN 0-87249-643-0). Walter J. Fraser, Jr., Charleston! Charleston! 366, 377 (1989) (ISBN 1-57003-598-9).
# Jon A. Lund

Jon A. Lund (born November 6, 1928) is an American attorney and politician from Maine. Lund, a Republican, served as Maine Attorney General from 1972 to 1975. Prior to his time as the first full-time attorney general in Maine history, Lund was an assistant country attorney for Kennebec County, member of the Augusta City Council and two-time county attorney for Kennebec County. He was also elected to the Maine House of Representatives (1965–1966; 1969–1972) and Maine Senate (1967–1968).
During his time as attorney general, Lund took prominent stances on many controversial issues affecting Maine at the time, even though some were outside of the jurisdiction of his office. Among these stances included opposition to the proposed Dickey-Lincoln Dam in Northern Maine, which he opposed on environmental grounds. The project was eventually stopped in 1984.
Lund is a graduate of Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School.
# Micellar cubic

A micellar cubic phase is a lyotropic liquid crystal phase formed when the concentration of micelles dispersed in a solvent (usually water) is sufficiently high that they are forced to pack into a structure having a long-ranged positional (translational) order. For example, spherical micelles a cubic packing of a body-centered cubic lattice. Normal topology micellar cubic phases, denoted by the symbol I$_1$, are the first lyotropic liquid crystalline phases that are formed by type I amphiphiles. The amphiphiles' hydrocarbon tails are contained on the inside of the micelle and hence the polar-apolar interface of the aggregates has a positive mean curvature, by definition (it curves away from the polar phase). The first pure surfactant system found to exhibit three different type I (oil-in-water) micellar cubic phases was observed in the dodecaoxyethylene mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12EO12)/water system.
Inverse topology micellar cubic phases (such as the Fd3m phase) are observed for some type II amphiphiles at very high amphiphile concentrations. These aggregates, in which water is the minority phase, have a polar-apolar interface with a negative mean curvature. The structures of the normal topology micellar cubic phases that are formed by some types of amphiphiles (e.g. the oligoethyleneoxide monoalkyl ether series of non-ionic surfactants are the subject of debate. Micellar cubic phases are isotropic phases but are distinguished from micellar solutions by their very high viscosity. When thin film samples of micellar cubic phases are viewed under a polarising microscope they appear dark and featureless. Small air bubbles trapped in these preparations tend to appear highly distorted and occasionally have faceted surfaces. A reversed micellar cubic phase has been observed, although it is much less common. It was observed that a reverse micellar cubic phase with Fd3m (Q227) symmetry formed in a ternary system of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer (EO17BO10, where EO represents ethylene oxide and BO represents butylene oxide), water, and p-xylene.
# Old Town Bridge

Old Town Bridge (Norwegian: Gamle Bybro or Bybroa) is located in Trondheim, Trøndelag County, Norway.

## History

Gamle Bybro crosses the Nidelva River from the south end of the main street Kjøpmannsgata connecting to the Trondheim neighborhood of Bakklandet. Gamle Bybro was constructed by Johan Caspar von Cicignon in 1681 in conjunction with the reconstruction of Trondheim after the great fire of 1681. Johan Caspar von Cicignon laid out plans for the reconstruction of Trondheim as well as its fortification. Kristiansten Fortress was built at this time after his plans. The bridge location was of military-strategic significance. King Christian V of Denmark assumed the cost of construction. It was completed in 1685. The bridge was built in the vicinity of the original Elgeseter Bridge. When it was opened the older bridge was allowed to decay and collapse. Since then Gamle Bybro has undergone many changes.
Originally Gamle Bybro was constructed of wood, but the wood was supported on three stone piers. In the middle of the bridge, an iron gate was placed. This remained a guarded city gate until 1816. At each end of the bridge there was a toll and guardhouse. The access house on the west end still stands, but that on the east side was taken down in 1824. Gamle Bybro was reconstructed in 1861 by the engineer Carl Adolf Dahl (1828-1907). Today Gamle Bybro is one of Trondheim's characteristic landmarks.
Gamle Bybro is also known as Lykkens portal (Gate of Happiness), after the lyrics of the popular waltz Nidelven stille og vakker du er ( "Nidelven quiet and beautiful you are") by Norwegian singer and composer Kristian Oskar Hoddø (1916-1943). According to tradition, Hoddø wrote the waltz about the Nidelva River one night in late April 1940 while he was standing at Gamle Bybro. Oskar Hoddø was a member of the resistance movement against the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He was executed in Trondheim on 17 November 1943 along with eight other Norwegian resistance fighters.
# Anna Zukal

Anna Zukal (born 7 October 1985) is a Russian freestyle skier. She was born in Tashkent. She competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics, where she placed sixth in women's aerials. She also competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
# Prowler (roller coaster)

Prowler is a wooden roller coaster located at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri. Manufactured by Great Coasters International, the $8-million ride opened to the public on May 2, 2009. The ride is located in the Africa section of the park behind Zulu.

## History

Before the announcement of the new ride, there were teasers put out by the park. These teasers included placing a mysterious large storage crate at the front of the park, which was 'delivered' by the "International Wildlife Organization" or the "IWO". More details of the package kept coming out through the blog and videos came out as the IWO storyline continued until September 1, 2008. That day, Worlds of Fun announced that Prowler would be coming to the park.
Prowler opened to the general public on May 2, 2009.
For the 2019 season, both Prowler and Timber Wolf were retracked. Some sections had their wood replaced, including the first drop. The wood on the outside section of the hill was being replaced with IPE wood, which was the highest quality timber available and eight times harder than California Redwood. This would add some softness to the turn and reduce the stress on the track. Plus, the ride received a new chain for the lift hill.

## Ride Experience

Prowler is the second wooden roller coaster to be built at Worlds of Fun with the first one being Timber Wolf. The ride reaches an unspecified height of 85 feet (26 m), into a spiral drop which swoops into a ravine and through the woods at the top speed of 51 miles (82 km) per hour.

## Trains

Two "Millennium Flyer trains" with 12 cars per train. Riders are arranged two across in a single row for a total of 24 riders per train.

## Rankings

Prowler was voted Best New Ride of 2009 - Amusement Park in Amusement Today's Golden Ticket Awards.
Golden Ticket Awards: Top wood Roller Coasters :
| Year | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Ranking | 8 | 12 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 17 | 14 | 27 | 30 (tie) | 29 | 31 | 30 | 24 | 23 |

## Gallery

* Prowler's first drop
* Prowler's line queue
* Prowler with car ascending
# Daria Vaskina

Daria Andreyevna Vaskina (Russian: Дарья Андреевна Васкина; born 30 July 2002) is a Russian swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre backstroke at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships.
# Ekaterina Beliaeva

Ekaterina Konstantinovna Beliaeva (Russian: Екатерина Константиновна Беляева; born 22 June 2003) is a Russian diver.
She won a silver medal in the 10 m synchro platform competition at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships.
# Ekaterina Gnidenko

Ekaterina Valeryevna Gnidenko (Russian: Екатерина Валерьевна Гниденко; born 11 December 1992 in Tula) is a Russian track cyclist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's sprint but was subsequently found to have been using turinabol a banned product and was disqualified.
Gnidenko later appealed her disqualification to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), seeking to have her disqualification from the 2012 Olympics overturned. On 26 July 2018, the CAS dismissed Gnidenko's appeal, upholding her disqualification.

## Career results
### 2011

    UEC European U23 Track Championships
       2nd Team Sprint (with Elena Brejniva)
       3rd Sprint

### 2013

    Grand Prix of Russian Helicopters
       1st Team Sprint (with Olga Streltsova)
       2nd Keirin
    2nd Team Sprint, UEC European U23 Track Championships (with Anastasia Voynova)

### 2014

    Grand Prix of Tula
       1st Sprint
       1st Team Sprint (with Anastasia Voynova)
       2nd Keirin
       3rd 500m Time Trial
    1st Keirin, Grand Prix of Russian Helicopters

### 2015

    Grand Prix Minsk
       1st Keirin
       3rd 500m Time Trial
    Grand Prix of Tula
       2nd Sprint
       2nd Team Sprint (with Tatiana Kiseleva)
    2nd Keirin, Cottbuser SprintCup
    3rd Keirin, UEC European Track Championships

### 2016

    Grand Prix Minsk
       1st Keirin
       3rd 500m Time Trial
    Memorial of Alexander Lesnikov
       2nd Team Sprint (with Tatiana Kiseleva)
       3rd Keirin
       3rd Sprint
    Grand Prix of Tula
       2nd Sprint
       2nd Team Sprint (with Tatiana Kiseleva)
# Ekaterina Kurochkina

Ekaterina Kurochkina (born 25 June 1994) is a Russian rower. She competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
# Ekaterina Litvnova

Ekaterina Vladimirovna Litvnova (Russian: Екатерина Владимировна Литвинова) (née Chernova; born 18 January 1994) is a Russian female handball player for Dinamo Volgograd and the Russian national team.
She also represented Russia in the 2011 European Women's Youth Handball Championship and in the 2014 Women's Junior World Handball Championship, where she received gold and silver.

## Achievements

* Russian Super League
** Gold Medalist: 2012, 2013, 2014
* EHF Champions League:
** Fourth place: 2014/15
* World Junior Championship:
** Silver Medalist: 2014
* European Junior Championship:
** Gold Medalist: 2013
* World Youth Championship:
** Silver Medalist: 2012
* European Youth Championship:
** Gold Medalist: 2011

## Individual awards

* All-Star Left wing of the Junior World Championship: 2012
* All-Star Left wing of the European Junior Championship: 2013
# Ekaterina Pantyukhina

Ekaterina Igorevna Pantyukhina (Russian: Екатерина Игоревна Пантюхина; born 9 April 1993) is a Russian football forward, currently playing for Zenit.

## Honours
### Zvezda Perm

Winner
* Russian Women's Football Championship: 2014
* Russian Women's Cup: 2012, 2013
Runners-up
* Russian Women's Football Championship: 2013

## International career

Goals scored for the Russian WNT in official competitions :
| Competition | Stage | Date | Location | Opponent | Goals | Result | Overall |
| 2015 FIFA World Cup | Qualifiers | 2014–04–05 | Khimki | Slovenia | 1 | 4–1 | 7 |
| 2015 FIFA World Cup | Qualifiers | 2014–04–09 | Khimki | Croatia | 1 | 1–0 | 7 |
| 2015 FIFA World Cup | Qualifiers | 2014–05–07 | Dublin | Republic of Ireland | 2 | 3–1 | 7 |
| 2015 FIFA World Cup | Qualifiers | 2014–08–21 | Samara | Slovakia | 1 | 3–1 | 7 |
| 2015 FIFA World Cup | Qualifiers | 2014–09–17 | Zagreb | Croatia | 2 | 3–1 | 7 |
| 2017 UEFA Euro | Qualifiers | 2016–06–02 | Khimki | Turkey | 1 | 2–0 | 2 |
| 2017 UEFA Euro | Qualifiers | 2016–09–20 | Khimki | Croatia | 1 | 5–0 | 2 |
# 105 mm calibre

105 mm (4.1 in) is a common NATO-standard artillery and tank gun calibre. The rifled tank round is defined by STANAG 4458. The artillery round is defined by AOP-29 part 3 with reference to STANAG 4425.

## Artillery

Since the early 21st century, most NATO armies have settled on 155 mm (6.1 in) weapons as having a good compromise between range and destructive power whilst having a single calibre, which simplifies logistics; however some military forces have retained 105 mm (4.1 in) towed howitzers for their lighter weight and greater portability, including their rapid airlift and airdrop capabilities. The lower power and shorter range of 105 mm (4.1 in) ammunition has led to its obsolescence in full-sized self-propelled guns, such as the American M108 howitzer and British FV433 Abbot SPG. China, North Korea, Russia, and other former Soviet bloc countries use 122 mm (4.8 in) and 130 mm (5.1 in) calibre weapons in similar roles.

### 105 mm artillery guns

* FV433 Abbot SPG ( United Kingdom)
* G7 howitzer ( South Africa)
* GIAT LG1 ( France)
* Indian field gun ( India)
* K105A1 105 mm self-propelled howitzer (EVO-105) ( South Korea)
* KH178 105 mm howitzer ( South Korea)
* L118 light gun ( United Kingdom) / M119 howitzer ( United States)
* M-56 howitzer ( Serbia)
* M101 howitzer ( United States)
* M102 howitzer ( United States)
* M108 howitzer ( United States)
* Mk 61 105 mm self-propelled howitzer ( France)
* OTO Melara Mod 56 ( Italy)
* Type 74 105 mm self-propelled howitzer ( Japan)

## Tank guns

During the Cold War, the concept of the main battle tank was established and guns of 105 mm (4.1 in) (NATO) and 100 mm (3.9 in) (Warsaw Pact) were the standard until the advent of guns of 120 mm (4.7 in) (NATO) and 125 mm (4.9 in) (Warsaw Pact) from the 1960s to the 1990s. The L7 was widely used by NATO countries, and with it was popularized the now-standard 105×617mmR round, still used both in lighter-weight applications such as the Stingray light tank and the Stryker Mobile Gun System, as well as older MBTs such as the M60 tank.

### 105 mm tank guns

* CN 105 F1 ( France)
* CN 105-57 ( France)
* Cockerill 105 HP Gun ( Belgium)
* Royal Ordnance L7 ( United Kingdom)
* M35 ( United States)
# James Hughes

James, Jamie, Jim, or Jimmy Hughes may refer to:

## Law and politics
### U.S.

* James B. Hughes (1805–1873), American newspaper publisher, state legislator for Ohio
* James Madison Hughes (1809–1861), U.S. Representative from Missouri
* James Hughes (representative) (1823–1873), U.S. Representative from Indiana
* James A. Hughes (1861–1930), U.S. Representative from West Virginia
* James H. Hughes (1867–1953), American lawyer and politician, U.S. Senator from Delaware
* James P. Hughes (1874–1961), American jurist; Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court
* James F. Hughes (1883–1940), U.S. Representative from Wisconsin
* James W. Hughes (died 1955), American politician and newspaperman from Virginia
* Jim Hughes (politician) (born 1964), Ohio politician

### Elsewhere

* James Hughes (British politician) (died 1845), British Member of Parliament for Grantham
* James Joseph Hughes (1856–1941), Canadian Senator and Member of Parliament
* James Hughes (Irish politician) (1895–1948), Irish Fine Gael politician
* Jim Hughes (academic) (born 1959), British political scientist

## Sports
### Association football (soccer)

* James Hughes (footballer, born 1885) (1885–1948), English footballer who played for Liverpool
* Jimmy Hughes (footballer) (1909–1966), English footballer
* James Hughes (footballer, born 1911) (1911–?), English footballer who played for Bristol City
* Jim Hughes (footballer, born 1960), Scottish footballer
* Jim Hughes (footballer, born 1965), Scottish footballer
* Jamie Hughes (footballer) (born 1977), English footballer

### Baseball

* Jay Hughes (a.k.a. Jim Hughes, 1874–1924), American baseball pitcher
* Jim Hughes (1950s pitcher) (1923–2001), American baseball pitcher
* Jim Hughes (1970s pitcher) (born 1951), American baseball pitcher

### Other sports

* James Hughes (rugby union) (1886–1943), Australian rugby union player
* James Hughes (ice hockey) (1906–1983), Canadian professional ice hockey player
* Jim Hughes (Canadian football) (born 1933), Canadian football player
* James Hughes (boxer) (1965–1995), American flyweight boxer
* Jamie Hughes (darts player) (born 1986), English darts player

## Others

* James Hughes (bishop) (1894–1979), British Anglican bishop
* James D. Hughes (1922–2024), American Air Force lieutenant general
* Jimmy Hughes (singer) (born 1938), American soul singer
* Jimmy Hughes (British musician) (born 1958), British punk rock/New Wave bassist
* James Hughes (sociologist) (born 1961), American sociologist and bioethicist

## Other uses

* Jimmy Hughes, Rookie Cop, American television show (1953)
# Yuquan, Chongqing

Yuquan (Chinese: 鱼泉; pinyin: Yúquán) is a town in Yunyang County, Chongqing, China. As of 2020, it administers Yuquan Residential Community and the following 12 villages:
* Macao Village (马槽村)
* Yanzi Village (燕子村)
* Longwan Village (龙湾村)
* Baiguo Village (白果村)
* Hualou Village (花楼村)
* Jianping Village (建坪村)
* Luming Village (鹿鸣村)
* Wanglu Village (望鹿村)
* Cigu Village (茨菇村)
* Bayi Village (八一村)
* Mugua Village (木瓜村)
* Sanxing Village (三星村)