OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicholas Brown III

Nicholas Brown III (October 2, 1792 – March 2, 1859) was the United States Consul to the Papal court from 1845 to 1853 and later was Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island from 1856 to 1857, serving under Governor W. W. Hoppin.

## Early life

Nicholas Brown III was born on October 2, 1792, in Providence, Rhode Island, the eldest of three surviving children born to Nicholas Brown Jr. (1769–1841), the namesake patron of Brown University, and Ann Carter, daughter of John Carter, a prominent printer in Providence. His younger brother was John Carter Brown II (1797–1874). His grandfather was Nicholas Brown Sr. (1729–1791), brother of John Brown, Moses Brown, and Joseph Brown, who was a merchant and slave trader who co-founded the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations which is today known as Brown University.
He graduated from Brown University, which was founded by his family, in 1811 and attended the Litchfield Law School.
Nicholas Brown III died on March 2, 1859.

## Career

From 1845 to 1853, he was the United States Consul to the Papal court. From 1856 to 1857, he served as Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island, serving under Governor W. W. Hoppin.

## Personal life

In 1820, Nicholas married his cousin, Abby Mason (1800–1822), daughter of James Brown Mason. After her death, he married Caroline Matilda Clements (1809–1879) in 1831. They had five children, including:
* Alfred Nicholas Brown (1832–1864), who married Anne Mauran in 1857. Of their three children, only Nicholas Brown (1862–1891) lived to adulthood.
* Annmary Brown Hawkins (1837–1903), in whose memory the Annmary Brown Memorial at Brown University was dedicated, and where she was laid to rest.
* Carrie Mathilde Brown Bajnotti, (1841–1892) whose husband, Italian diplomat Paul Bajnotti, erected a series of memorials after her death: the Bajnotti Memorial Fountain in Burnside Park, the Pancratiast Statue in Roger Williams Park, and Carrie Tower, the clock tower at Brown University.
# Noyes Laboratory of Chemistry

40°06′31″N 88°13′34″W﻿ / ﻿40.1085°N 88.2261°W﻿ / 40.1085; -88.2261
The William Albert Noyes Laboratory of Chemistry, located on the campus of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign at 505 S. Mathews Avenue in Urbana, Illinois, United States, was built in 1902 as the "New Chemical Laboratory", and was designed by Nelson Strong Spencer in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Founded in 1867, the Chemistry Department was the first department of the university to move into its own building in 1878. When the department outgrew that building, department head Arthur W. Palmer convinced the state legislature to build a new lab, with 77,884 square feet of usable space, at a cost of under $100,000.
Ten years later, when more space was needed,the east wing—with 86,396 square feet of additional space—was built in 1915–16 at the cost of $250,000. The building then housed the largest chemistry department in the United States at the time. At various times, the buildings also housed the departments of Biochemistry, Chemical Engineering and Bacteriology, as well as the Illinois Water Survey.
In 1939 the building was dedicated in honor of the influential UI chemist William A. Noyes. It was designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark by the American Chemical Society in 2002, in recognition of the many contributions to the chemical sciences that have been made there over the last 100 years.
In 1930, James McLaren White's Chemistry Annex Building was completed, and connected to the Noyes Lab Building underground. It added 39,000 square feet at the cost of $335,000, and in 1951 the East Chemistry Annex was added to the complex, at the cost of $5.9 million.
# Bizau

Bizau is a town in the Bregenz Forest in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg, part of the district Bregenz. The municipality has around 1080 inhabitants.

## Cultural places of interest

The Parish Church Hl. Valentin was built in 1472.
The Wetzsteinhöhle ("Whetstone Cave") is a manmade dry cavity, a former mine for sandstone. The Hüttbach stream flows down below the cave.
In 2007, the municipality of Bizau declared a wooden fence ("Steackohag") a protected monument. The fence commemorates the traditional "Alpgasse", on which the cattle were transported to and from the mountain pastures (see Alpine Transhumance), while also symbolizing the handicraft traditions and the virtues of hard work for which the region is known.
Bizau is part of the Bregenzerwald Umgang (literally "Bregenzerwald Walking Tour"). This walking tour offers insights into the architecture and community planning of 12 traditional villages in the Bregenzerwald. While walking over various landscapes, visiting public buildings, homes and everyday objects, walkers gain a comprehensive overview of typical Bregenzerwald architectural styles as they developed throughout the ages.
# Charles Hindenlang

Charles Hindenlang (1894–1960) was a Swiss painter and glass artist.

## Early life

Charles was born in Basel on 1 October 1894.
On completing school, he began an apprenticeship in a shipping company. In 1911 he joined Karl Schneider as an apprentice decorative painter. In 1914 he attended the Basel trade school and became friends with Fritz Baumann, Paul Wilde and Jakob Mumenthaler, a brother of the architect Ernst Mumenthaler.

## Work

Hindenlang belonged to the Gruppe Rot-Blau generation of artists. They are also known as Basel's classical generation of painters and achieved their breakthrough in 1907 at a joint exhibition at the Kunsthalle Basel. The artists maintained a friendly exchange with the Basel artist group Das neue Leben, founded in 1918, and had a significant influence on the development of Basel painting.
# Gia Dinh Bao

Gia Định Báo (chữ Hán: 嘉定報), was the first Vietnamese newspaper. It was published in Saigon from 1865 to 1910. Pétrus Ky was the editor in chief. "Gia Định" is a historical name for Saigon, now Ho Chi Minh City. It was a gazette that published official and legal documents, although it also included articles on Vietnamese culture and agriculture. Woodblock printing in Chinese characters remained the norm until the early 20th century, so the paper's use of the modern typography and the Latin alphabet were innovations. In the 1890s, it was Vietnam's newspaper of record.
The first issue of the newspaper is dated April 15, 1865, and regular publication ended in 1897. The last issue is dated December 31, 1909. The format is 25 x 32 cm. It was published weekly and the price was 0.97 dong. It was four pages long, later expanded to 12.
Many of the newspaper's contributors were Catholics.
# Tickell's brown hornbill

Tickell's brown hornbill (Anorrhinus tickelli), also known as the rusty-cheeked hornbill, is a species of hornbill found in forests in Burma and adjacent western Thailand. Austen's brown hornbill is sometimes considered as a subspecies of Tickell's brown hornbill.

## Description

At about 60–65 cm (24–26 in) in length, it is a medium-sized hornbill, dark brown above and red-brown below. The male has brighter rufous cheeks and throat. Juveniles of both sexes resemble adult males.

## Habitat

It inhabits evergreen and deciduous hill forest from foothills to 1500 m.
It breeds co-cooperatively, in groups.
Habitat loss to logging and agriculture is known to be prevalent within its range.
The binomial commemorates the ornithologist Samuel Tickell.
* Illustration of head from W. T. Blanford's Fauna of British India: Birds
* This bird fledged minutes before it was photographed
# Asher A. Galbreath

Asher A. Galbreath (June 8, 1864 – December 18, 1935) was a lawyer, politician, educator, and businessman. He was the founder, president, and professor at two colleges. He was elected Mayor of Rogers, Ohio and State Senator. He was also the president of the National Typewriter Company. He was married and had six children.

## Early life and education

Galbreath was born on a farm in Fairfield Township, Columbiana County, Ohio, on June 8, 1864. He graduated from New Lisbon High School. In 1888 he graduated from Mount Union College in Alliance, Ohio.

## Political life

Galbreath was an attorney in Columbiana County, Ohio. Locally, he was elected Mayor of Rogers, Ohio, and also held the position of County Liquor License Commissioner of Columbiana County. In 1917 he was elected State Senator and was part of the 82nd Ohio General Assembly. In 1924 and again in 1926, Galbreath ran for Lieutenant Governor of Ohio but was defeated in the primary election on both occasions.

## College president and professor

Galbreath served as president and professor at Volant Normal Academy in Volant, Pennsylvania. At that time, a normal school existed to provide high school graduates with necessary training to become teachers. Construction of Volant Normal Academy was started in 1888 and the first classes were held in the Methodist Episcopal Church starting in 1889. Galbreath was called the "driving force" behind the creation of the academy. His wife, Anna M. Galbreath, was referred to as "the mother of Volant College". Volant Normal Academy was completed and dedicated in May 1889. The school was given the authority to grant degrees and the first commencement was held in the spring of 1890. The college was renamed Volant College in 1892. At its peak, the college had approximately 150 students.
Enrollment at the college declined due to the competition with schools such as Westminster College and Grove City College. Additionally, an investigation into the validity of the degree program took place in 1898. The college was cleared as a result of the investigation.
In 1894, Galbreath and his brother Charles purchased Mt. Hope Academy in Rogers. In December 1896 Professor Galbreath left Volant to manage Mt. Hope College.
The attorney general for the State of Ohio filed a petition against Mt. Hope College in February 1900 alleging that the college was conferring degrees solely on the basis of fees paid by the student to the president of the college and that the college was conferring degrees without requiring the students to attend classes or pass any kind of examination. As a result of the investigation the charter of Mt. Hope College was annulled and the college was closed.
After the closing of Mt. Hope College, Galbreath's endeavors included running a correspondence school known as Carnegie College in Rogers. and the renting and sale of typewriters for the Galbreath Typewriter Company (through Carnegie College).
# Yuko Yaegashi-Ota

Yuko Yaegashi-Ota (born 26 April 1957) is a Japanese speed skater. She competed at the 1976 Winter Olympics and the 1980 Winter Olympics.
# Tide gauge

A tide gauge is a device for measuring the change in sea level relative to a vertical datum. It is also known as a mareograph, marigraph, and sea-level recorder. When applied to freshwater continental water bodies, the instrument may also be called a limnimeter.

## Operation

Sensors continuously record the height of the water level with respect to a height reference surface close to the geoid. Water enters the device by the bottom pipe (far end of the tube, see picture), and electronic sensors measure its height and send the data to a tiny computer.
Historical data are available for about 1,450 stations worldwide, of which about 950 have provided updates to the global data center since January 2010. At some places records cover centuries, for example in Amsterdam where data dating back to 1700 is available.
When it comes to estimating the greater ocean picture, new modern tide gauges can often be improved upon by using satellite data.
Tide gauges are used to measure tides and quantify the size of tsunamis. The measurements make it possible to derive the mean sea level. Using this method, sea level slopes up to several 0.1 m/1000 km and more have been detected.
A tsunami can be detected when the sea level begins to rise, although warnings from seismic activity can be more useful.

## History

Sea-level measurements were made using simple measuring poles or "tide staffs" until around 1830, when self-recording gauges with mechanical floats and stilling wells were introduced.
Tidal poles and float gauges were the primary means of sea-level measurement for over 150 years and continue to operate at some locations today. While still part of modern-day tide gauge instrumentation, these technologies have since been superseded by pressure gauges (similar to depth gauges), acoustic/ultrasonic gauges, and radar gauges.
The following types of tide gauges have been used historically:
* Kelvin type tide gauge
* Fuess type tide gauge
* GSI type tide gauge
* High accuracy automatic tide gauge
* High resolution automatic tide gauge

## Common applications

Tide gauges have a practical application in the shipping and fishing industries where low or high tide levels can hinder or prohibit access to shallow bays or locations with bridges. An example is the Cascais tide gauge in Portugal, which was originally installed because of the sand bar in the River Tagus that causes difficulties for shipping entering Lisbon port. Because of similar problems many industries have installed private tide gauges in ports around the world, and also rely on government agencies (such as NOAA).
Data collected from tide gauges is also of interest to scientists measuring global weather patterns, the mean sea water level, and trends - notably those potentially associated with global warming.

## Modern gauges

In recent years new technologies have developed allowing for real-time, remote tide information to be published online via a solar powered wireless connection to a tide sensor. Acoustic/ultrasonic sensors have already been deployed to great effect and the data is regularly broadcast via Twitter and also displayed online.
# Scott L. Wyatt

Scott L. Wyatt is an American attorney, politician, and academic administrator serving as the 16th president of Southern Utah University. He previously served as the 15th president of Snow College and as a member of the Utah State Legislature.

## Education

Wyatt has a Bachelor of Science degree in philosophy and economics from Utah State University and a Juris Doctor from the S.J. Quinney College of Law at the University of Utah. Wyatt was admitted to the Utah bar 2 October 1990.

## Career

During his law career, Wyatt served as a prosecutor for Cache County, Utah. From 2005 to 2007, Wyatt was a member of the Utah House of Representatives from 2005 to 2007, representing the 5th district. During his tenure in the House, Wyatt was a member of the House Political Subdivisions Committee, Judiciary Committee, House Business and Labor Committee, and Higher Education Appropriations Subcommittee. Wyatt was the president of Snow College from 2007 to 2013.
# Mystacoleucus obtusirostris

Mystacoleucus obtusirostris is a species of ray-finned fish, found in freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia, notably in Thailand in the Mekong River, Chao Phraya River, and Mae Klong River. It is exploited in subsistence fishing.
# Lin Liyun

Lin Liyun (Chinese: 林丽韫; born 22 March 1933) is a Chinese politician who served as president of the All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots from 1981 to 1991, vice chairperson of the National People's Congress Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee from 1991 to 1998, and vice president of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese from 1994 to 2004.
She was a member of the Standing Committee of the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th National People's Congress. She was a member of the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Lin was born in Kiyomizu Town, Taichū Prefecture, Taiwan (now Qingshui District of Taichung, Taiwan) on 22 March 1933, while her ancestral home in Jinjiang, Fujian. Her father Lin Shuiyong (林水永) was a businessman. In 1936, due to an earthquake, her family moved to Taipei, where she primarily studied at Taipei Yongle Elementary School [zh]. Four years later, her family emigrated to Kobe, Japan, where she lived for a total of 11 years. In school, she organized "Taiwanese Students' Association in Japan" and "Reading Association" with her classmates, and read Mao Zedong's On New Democracy and Edgar Snow's Red Star over China and other works, which made her feel good about the Chinese Communist Party.
In July 1952, Lin came to mainland China via British Hong Kong and was admitted to the Department of Biology, Peking University. Beginning in 1953, she served in several posts in the International Liaison Department of the Chinese Communist Party, including graduate student, deputy director, and director. After the Cultural Revolution, in October 1978, she was promoted to become vice president of the All-China Women's Federation and secretary of its secretariat. Lin was president of the All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots in December 1981, and held that office until December 1991, when she was chosen as vice chairperson of the National People's Congress Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee. She also served as vice president of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese from June 1994 to August 2004.
In September 2007, Lin became dean of the School of Foreign Languages, Nankai University, a post she kept until September 2011.

## Personal life

Lin was married to Huang Li (黄理), with whom she has a son and a daughter.

## Contributions

Since the 1950s, Lin has worked as a Japanese interpreter for Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping and other party and state leaders, and participated in the negotiation of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 1972.
# First battle of Solskjel

The First Battle of Solskjel (Slaget ved Solskjel) was the first engagement in Harald Fairhair's attempt to subjugate western Norway to his rule.
The two kings of Nordmøre and Romsdal had joined forces to stop the fleet of king Harald, who was sailing south from Trøndelag. Harald was again victorious, and his two opponents Huntiof, King of Nordmøre and his father-in-law, King Nokkve of Romsdal, were both slain in battle. However Solve Klove, the son of King Huntiof escaped.
After the battle Harald laid both countries under his rule, and stayed there for the rest of the summer.
# Abhinav Shukla (producer)

Abhinav Shukla is an Indian film and TV show producer. He is the producer of the film Ekkees Toppon Ki Salaami that released recently. He is the founder and director of the production company Nautanki Films.

## Professional life

After starting his company he produced shows such as Baba Aiso Varr Dhoondo (aired on Imagine TV), Do Dil Ek Jaan (aired on Life Ok) and Madhubala - Ek Ishq Ek Junoon (aired on Colors TV) Nautanki News, Lete hai Khabar and Nadaniya. His production house also contributed in some episodes crime patrol. He then got into film production with the comic satire Ekkees Toppon Ki Salaami. The first look of the film was launched by Shah Rukh Khan
Abhinav also headed the strategy and management team at B.A.G Films & Media Ltd. He played a vital role in setting up the channels News 24 and E24.
He also serves as the director and promoter of well known Great Valley School, Greater Noida.

## Education

Abhinav holds an MBA from Maastricht School of Management, Netherlands in International Finance (Marketing & Strategy).
# Battle of the Fischa

The Battle of the Fischa or Battle of the Leitha took place on 11 September 1146 near the Fischa River at the border of the Kingdom of Hungary and the March of Austria, which then belonged to the overlordship of the Dukes of Bavaria and it was ruled by margraves of the Franconian Babenberg dynasty.

## The events

The opponents were a Bavarian army led by duke Henry XI and the Hungarian army under the leadership of king Géza II and his uncle, the palatine Beloš Vukanović, who formerly served as regent and tutor for the underage king. Both sides lined up significant armies. Before the battle, Géza was girded with a sword, meaning that the young king entered adulthood in the eyes of his people.
Henry's scouts didn't manage to inform him properly about the movement of the Hungarian army. Due to this, he didn't know that the Hungarians crossed the Leitha and, seeing a lot of smoke, he thought that they retreated and set their encampments on fire. When he launched his assault, he was surprised when he met the Hungarian assault half way through. Despite this, the Germans heavy cavalry gained the upper hand against the Székely and Pecheneg vanguard, who suffered hefty losses.
Then intense fighting began between the Bavarian forces and the Hungarian second line of defense. In the end, Belos managed to get behind the Germans, turning the tides of the battle. Géza's cavalry charge of about 12 000 reservists gave the final blow to them. Henry was forced to retreat and the Hungarians pursued them until the Fischa river.
# Oscar Galgut

Oscar Galgut (31 July 1906 – 22 May 1999) was a South African lawyer and Judge of Appeal in the Supreme Court of Appeal.

## Early life and education

Galgut was born in Pretoria on 31 July 1906 and matriculated at Pretoria Boys High School in 1923. He attended the Transvaal University College, graduating with a BA degree In 1924 and an LL.B. degree in 1928. Galgut first practised as an attorney in Pretoria and from 1935 as an advocate.

## Military career

During World War II, Galgut served as a lieutenant colonel in the SAAF's 24 Squadron, which was active in North and East Africa. He was also temporarily in command of 24 Squadron and later, acted three times as commanding officer of the SAAF 3 Wing. He was awarded an OBE for his military services.

## Judicial career

After the war Galgut returned to the Pretoria Bar, and in 1950, he took silk as a King's Counsel. He was appointed to the Transvaal Provincial Division of the Supreme Court in 1957 and in 1975, a year before his the compulsory retiring age of 70, he was elevated to the Appeal Court. Although he retired in 1976, he remained an acting Judge of the Appeal Court until 1986, when he was 80. He also served as Judge of Appeal of the Bophuthatswana and Ciskei Appeal Courts.
Galgut was chairman of the South African Press Council from 1977 until 1984 and from 1986 until 1996 he was the president in of the Advertising Standards Authority for South Africa.

## Sporting achievements

Galgut was a talented sportsman and while at university he received colours for cricket, tennis, hockey and athletics. He represented Combined Transvaal in athletics, and although he was selected for the Springbok team as a 110-meter hurdles, he could not go to Canada with the team due to study commitments. In hockey, he was selected in 1938 as vice-captain of the South African Hockey Union team to Kenya. It was the first ever South African hockey team, and it seems that for that reason, national colours was not awarded to its members.
# Aleksandra Bukowska-McCabe

Aleksandra Bukowska-McCabe (born 1977 in Warsaw) is a Polish diplomat.

## Life

Bukowska-McCabe in 2002 graduated from Hebraic studies at the University of Warsaw. In 2008, she obtained a PhD degree at the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the University of Warsaw, presenting the thesis on Beta Israel.
In 2004, following her studies at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, she joined the MFA Department of Africa and the Middle East. Between 2005 and 2010 she served as First Secretary at the Embassy of Poland in Tel Aviv. From 2010 to 2014 she was Head of the Middle East Peace Process, Israel and Palestine Unit of the Department of Africa and the Middle East, MFA. In February 2014, she was nominated Representative of the Republic of Poland to the Palestinian National Authority. She ended her term on 31 July 2019. On 25 February 2023, she became deputy director of the Department of Africa and the Middle East, and on 3 October 2023 acting director. In November 2024, she took the post of Chargé d'affaires of Poland to Lebanon.