OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Active tip-clearance control

Active clearance control (ACC) is a method used in large aircraft gas turbines to improve fuel efficiency during cruise. This is achieved by setting the turbine tip clearance at more than one operating point and contrasts with passive clearance control which sets it for only one condition and is explained below.
As one way to reduce fuel consumption better blade tip sealing has taken on a prominent role in aircraft engine design since the late 1960's. It is used on the CFM International CFM56-5B engine, installed on the Airbus A320, for example.

## Background

Blade tip sealing has been a challenging problem since the development of the gas turbine engine. It is such because the clearance between the blade tips and surrounding casing (shroud) tends to vary due primarily to changes in thermal and mechanical loads on the rotating (turbine wheel) and stationary (stator, turbine casing) structures.
Turbine tip clearance is a leakage path for gas which doesn't flow past the turbine blade aerofoil so doesn't contribute to the power developed by the turbine. As such it reflects a waste of fuel (reduced fuel efficiency). The clearance depends on the thermal growth of a thick-section turbine disc compared to a thin-section turbine case, and also disc radial growth with speed. The three vary, and hence tip clearance, with the engine running condition and clearance is a minimum when the engine first accelerates from idle to take-off, it hasn't had a chance to heat up evenly from being cold at idle although the bladed turbine disc is at maximum speed and so has maximum radial growth from the centrifugal stresses. The thermal effects take longer to stabilize at a steady temperature, ie to give an unvarying tip clearance. This transient condition which gives a minimum clearance is known as a pinch point. The setting of the clearance when the engine is built such that the blade tips don't rub the stationary shrouds in the turbine case at a pinch point condition may be known as passive clearance control.
HPT (high pressure turbine) blade tip clearance has a significant impact on fuel burn and emissions so using ACC gives significant benefits in cruise fuel burn, range, and payload capability for long range aircraft.

## Basic system overview

As an example the CFM International CFM56-5A engine active clearance control uses HPC air for the HPTACC and fan bypass air for the LPTACC. Clearance control is managed by the engine FADEC which consists of an electronic control unit (ECU), an hydromechanical unit (HMU) and HP and LP ACC valves.
# Diagonal argument

Diagonal argument can refer to:
A diagonal argument, in mathematics, is a technique employed in the proofs of the following theorems:
* Cantor's diagonal argument (the earliest)
* Cantor's theorem
* Russell's paradox
* Diagonal lemma
** Gödel's first incompleteness theorem
** Tarski's undefinability theorem
* Halting problem
* Kleene's recursion theorem
# Aalavattam (film)

Aalavattam is a 1993 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Raju Ambaran and starring Nedumudi Venu and Shanthi Krishna in the lead roles.

## Plot

Kesavankutty, known as Meppaattupurakkal Kesavankutty is very famous for his ancestors and their family status. They have been running the festivals in the temple for many years. His wife Urmila is a good housewife, caring about him and his family a lot. He has a grandmother and a sister Usha. They have a glass factory as an asset. Kesavankutty takes money for high interest and pays the expenses of the company and temple. Meanwhile, Usha gets a marriage proposal from a Doctor, Narayanankutty. Actually they approached on with the dream of Dowry. Usha and Doctor gets close via calls and meets. After meeting the Doctor's family Kesavankutty finds them as very greedy. He tries to pull back Usha, but he fails. The Doctor convinces her that her brother is not willing because he doesn't wish to give money. He is very miserly.
At the same time in the company, the employees go for a strike, demanding a hike in salary and a bonus. And also the people who gave money on interest harass him. This time his grandmother passes away. He feels alone in life. In the centre of all these tension, Usha goes to the Doctor's quarters. But she realises the real face of him. And gets off from there. Govindankutty, Balu and Harikrishnan, who were really close to Kesavankutty scolds her and brings her back to her home. And also they plan to get funds from Dubai friends of Govindankutty as an investment in the factory for dividends and to help the factory's financial trouble. Thus all his problems are solved. The movie ends with the happy note of Urmila being pregnant and a happy Kesavankutty who yearned for child.

## Cast

* Nedumudi Venu as Keshavan Nair
* Sukumari Maalu amma
* Innocent as Vareeth
* KPAC Lalitha as Savithri Amma
* Prem Kumar as Govindankutty
* Sankaradi as Madhavan Maman
* Sreenivasan as Balu
* Ilavarasi as Usha
* Poojappura Ravi as Bhasi Pillai Driver
* Shanthi Krishna as Urmila
* T. P. Madhavan as Manager Pappachan
* Devan as Dr Narayankutty
* Kollam Thulasi as Thankappan Pillai

## Soundtrack

* "Rithu gaanam" - Anitha
* "Naamavum Roopavum" - S Janaki, Chorus
* "Peraarin Panineer" - KS Chithra Kaithapram
* "Mandana Chandrike" - G Venugopal Kaithapram
* "Paadaam Panimazhayaruliya" - G Venugopal
# 2001 Brasil Open

The 2001 Brasil Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Costa do Sauipe resort, Mata de São João, in Brazil that was part of the International Series of the 2001 ATP Tour and of Tier II of the 2001 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from 10 September 16 September 2001.

## Finals
### Men's singles

Jan Vacek defeated Fernando Meligeni 2–6, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, 6–3
* It was Vacek's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.

### Women's singles

Monica Seles defeated Jelena Dokić 6–3, 6–3
* It was Seles' 2nd title of the year and the 55th of her career.

### Men's doubles

Enzo Artoni / Daniel Melo defeated Gastón Etlis / Brent Haygarth 6–3, 1–6, 7–6$^{(7–5)}$
* It was Artoni's only title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Melo's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.

### Women's doubles

Amanda Coetzer / Lori McNeil defeated Nicole Arendt / Patricia Tarabini 6–7$^{(8–10)}$, 6–2, 6–4
* It was Coetzer's 3rd title of the year and the 17th of her career. It was McNeil's 2nd title of the year and the 43rd of her career.
# Ambrosius Lobwasser

Ambrosius Lobwasser (1515–1585) was a German humanist and translator, born in Saxony. He served as professor of jurisprudence at the University of Königsberg from 1563 until his retirement in 1580, but is best known for his Psalter des Königlichen Propheten David, published in 1573 (Leipzig). This metrical psalter, a translation of the Genevan Psalter, became one of the standard psalm-books used by the evangelical churches of the German-speaking lands, including Switzerland (the Genevan Psalter had been written in French). The Lobwasser psalter was widely reprinted into the 1800s.
Psalmbooks and hymnbooks descended from the Lobwasser psalter continue in use today in the worldwide communities of faith descended from Anabaptism, including many branches of the Amish and Mennonite faiths of the US and Canada. Lobwasser also published contemporary hymns, including a sacred song composed by the evangelical Princess Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
# Cyrtandra baileyi

Cyrtandra baileyi is a species of flowering plant in the family Gesneriaceae, native to Queensland, Australia. Male golden bowerbirds (Prionodura newtoniana) use its flowers to decorate their bowers.
# 1879 in birding and ornithology

Birds described in 1879 include the grey-headed silverbill, Macquarie rail, flame bowerbird, Cockerell's fantail, rufous-vented niltava, slaty cuckooshrike, Makira dwarf kingfisher, black-billed turaco, dusky-backed jacamar, buff-bellied tanager and the Santa Marta sabrewing, Rodrigues starling.

## Events

* Death of Ludwig Reichenbach.
* Johann Büttikofer begins exploring Liberia.

## Publications

* Luigi D'Albertis (1879). "Journeys up the Fly River and in other parts of New Guinea". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society: 4–16 (including map).
* Anton Reichenow (1879). "Neue Vögel aus Ostafrika". Ornithologisches Centralblatt. 4: 107–155.
* Władysław Taczanowski (1879). "Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au nord du Pérou par M.M. Stolzmann et Jelski em 1878". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 2: 220–245.
* Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuCane Godman (1879–1904). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Aves. Vol.1: i–xliv; 1–512.
* Genevieve Estelle Jones (1879–1886). Illustrations of the Nests and Eggs of Birds of Ohio.
* Adolf Bernhard Meyer Abbildungen von Vogelskeletten (1879–95).Volume 1, Volume 2. (in German).
* Alfred Grandidier Histoire physique, naturelle, et politique de Madagascar Paris :Impr. nationale online BHL Oiseaux vols 12-15 1879-1881

## Ongoing events

* John Gould The Birds of Asia 1850–83 7 vols. 530 plates, Artists: J. Gould, H. C. Richter, W. Hart and J. Wolf; Lithographers: H. C. Richter and W. Hart
* Henry Eeles Dresser and Richard Bowdler Sharpe A History of the Birds of Europe, Including all the Species Inhabiting the Western Palearctic Region. Taylor & Francis of Fleet Street, London
* José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage Ornithologie d'Angola. 2 volumes, 1877–1881.
* The Ibis
# Concrete Blonde (album)

Concrete Blonde is the debut album of American alternative rock band Concrete Blonde.
"Still in Hollywood", "Your Haunted Head" and "Over Your Shoulder" were featured on The Hidden soundtrack. "Your Haunted Head" and "Over Your Shoulder" appeared also on The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 soundtrack. In 1997, Canadian punk band Propagandhi covered "True" for the Fat Wreck Chords compilation album Physical Fatness, as well Propagandhi's rarities compilation Where Quantity Is Job #1.
The album was remastered and re-released in 2004 by Superfecta Recordings.

## Track listing

All songs written by Johnette Napolitano, except where noted.

## Charts

| Chart (1987) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 96 |
| US Cash Box Top 100 Albums | 100 |
# 1586 in Ireland

Events from the year 1586 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: Elizabeth I

## Events

* 23 September – Battle of Ardnaree in County Mayo: English troops under Sir Richard Bingham, governor of Connacht, defeat an Irish-Scottish mercenary army – led by the brothers Donald Gorm MacDonald of Carey and Alexander Carragh MacDonald of Glenarm (both of whom are killed) – fighting on behalf of the rebel Mac Philbins and Burkes.
* c. December? – Richard Creagh, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh, dies a prisoner in the Tower of London.
* County Longford is shired, separating it from Westmeath.
* Robert Gardiner is appointed Lord Chief Justice of Ireland.
* Sir Edward Waterhouse is appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland.
* Elizabeth I of England and James VI of Scotland agree in the Treaty of Berwick that the MacDonnell family, claimants to the Glens of Antrim, have the right to stay in Ireland.

## Births

* Antony Hickey, Franciscan theologian (d. 1641)
* William St Leger, Anglo-Irish landowner and military commander (d. 1642)

## Deaths

* 5 May – Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1529)
* c. December? – Richard Creagh, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh (b. c.1523)
# Parke-Keelogues-Crimlin GAA

Parke-Keelogues-Crimlin or Parke GAA is a Gaelic football club located in County Mayo, Ireland.

## History

The club was founded in 1970. It main colours are black and amber
# Olivet University (disambiguation)

Olivet University is headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States.
Olivet University may also refer to:
* University of Olivet, Olivet, Michigan, United States
* Olivet Nazarene University, Bourbonnais, Illinois, United States
# 19th Politburo

19th Politburo may refer to:
* 19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
* Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
# Don Carlos (musician)

Don Carlos, a.k.a. Don McCarlos (born Euvin Spencer, 29 June 1952), is a Jamaican reggae singer and composer.

## Biography

Don Carlos began singing in 1973 as a member of Black Uhuru. He sang alongside Garth Dennis and Derrick Simpson, the leader of the trio.
In 1988 he recorded "Jingle Bells" with Glenice Spenser on A Reggae Christmas on RAS Records. In 1990 he re-united as the lead vocalist for a Black Uhuru album. Carlos continues to perform all over the world, and has a large fanbase in Africa.

## Africa tours

Carlos performed in Nairobi, Kenya in 2010 and on June 3, 2017. He performed in the Zambian cities Lusaka, Kitwe and Livingstone (Mosi-oa-Tunya) between 6 and 8 June 2014.

## Discography
### Solo

* Suffering (1981), Negus Roots - also released as Prophecy
* Day to Day Living (1982), Greensleeves
* Harvest Time (1982), Negus Roots
* Spread Out (1983), Burning Sounds
* Pass the Lazer Beam (1983), Jackpot
* Just A Passing Glance (1984), RAS
* Deeply Concerned (1987), RAS
* Time Is The Master (1992), RAS
* 7 Days A Week (1998), RAS
* Dub Version (2000), Dressed to Kill
* Changes (2010), Heartbeat

### Don Carlos & Gold

* Them Never Know Natty Dread Have Him Credential (1981), Channel One
* Raving Tonight (1983), RAS
* Ghetto Living (1983), Tamoki Wambesi
* Never Run Away (1984), Kingdom
* Plantation (1984), CSA
* Ease Up (1994), RAS

### Split albums

* Prison Oval Clash (1980), Tamoki Wambesi - split with Earl Cunningham and Charlie Chaplin
* Roots & Culture (1982), Jah Guidance - split with Culture
* Show-Down Vol. 3 (1984), Empire/Channel One - Don Carlos & Gold/The Gladiators
* Rasta Brothers (1985), Dancefloor - with Anthony Johnson & Little John
* Firehouse Clash (1986), Live & Learn - with Junior Reid
* Head 2 Head (2001), Attack - Horace Andy & Don Carlos

### Guest appearances

* Groundation - Hebron Gate (2002), Young Tree
* Groundation - Dragon War (2003), Young Tree
* Groundation - We Free Again (2004), Young Tree
* Slightly Stoopid - Top of the World - "Marijuana" (2012), Stoopid
* Slightly Stoopid - Live at Roberto's Tri Studios 9.13.11 - "Lazer Beam" (2014)
* Tribal Seeds - "Blood Clot" - Representing (2014)
* Rebelution - "Roots Reggae Music" - Count Me In (2014)
* Simple Creation - "?" - Golden Roots (2017)
* Slightly Stoopid - "Everyday Life, Everyday People" - Stay the Same (Prayer for You) (2018)
* Slightly Stoopid - "Everyday Life, Everyday People" - Talk Too Much (2018)

### Compilations

* The Mighty Diamonds Meets Don Carlos & Gold at the Channel 1 Studio featuring The Revolutionaries, Hitbound - the Diamonds Right Time and Don Carlos & Gold's Them Never Know Natty Dread Have Him Credential albums combined
* Pure Gold, Jackpot
* Lazer Beam (1995), Culture Press
* Portrait (1997), RAS
* Jah Light (2002), Black Arrow
* Groove With Me (2003), Get Back
* Inna Dub Style - Rare Dubs 1979 - 1980 (2004), Jamaican Recordings
* Special Edition (2004), Jafada Music Productions
* Tribulation (2006), Attack
* Tribulation - Don Carlos In Dub (2007), Attack
* Kings of Reggae, Nocturne

### DVD

* Live in San Francisco (2003), 2B1
* Live in Reggae Rising (2019)
# Cyrtandra biflora

Cyrtandra biflora is a species of flowering plant in the family Gesneriaceae, native to Tahiti. The first species collected in its genus, it was collected (and described) by Johann Reinhold Forster and his son Georg Forster, botanists on the second voyage of James Cook.
# Odludek

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Consequence of Sound | B |
| Drowned in Sound | 6/10 |
| musicOMH | |
| NME | 7/10 |
| The Observer | |
| PopMatters | 7/10 |
Odludek is the debut solo album by Jimi Goodwin, released on Heavenly Recordings on 24 March 2014. The album follows a few years after his band, Doves, announced they were taking an "indefinite hiatus." The word odludek is a Polish word, meaning "pilgrim" or "loner." Goodwin wrote and played almost everything on Odludek himself, with only a handful of guest musicians, including Elbow frontman Guy Garvey and former Dungen member Fredrik Bjorling, and the album was recorded and co-produced with Dan Austin at a studio in the Forest of Dean across 18 months. Goodwin said, "Initially I wanted to have loads of guests on it. Maybe I wasn't trusting my own instincts because I'd collaborated in a band for such a long time, but that idea soon went out the window. Very quickly I decided I wanted to get my Prince head on and play everything. I became very protective of it. There was no-one steering me. I made it myself and paid for it myself, and that was very free and liberating."
Odludek spawned four promotional-only singles; second single "Live Like a River" was given a commercial release on 12" vinyl, featuring exclusive remixes of the title track and album opener "Terracotta Warrior". A dub remix of "Didsbury Girl" was released as a vinyl single for Record Store Day 2015.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jimi Goodwin unless stated

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| 2014 | UK Albums Chart | 39 |
# Cooper Creek (disambiguation)

Cooper Creek is a river in Australia.
Cooper Creek may also refer to:
* Cooper Creek (Toccoa River tributary), a stream in Georgia, US
* Cooper Creek (Deepwater Creek), a stream in Missouri
* Cooper Creek (New York), a river in Otsego County
* Cooper Creek, an area that was mined for gold, in Cooper Landing, Alaska
# Acton (Turrell)

Acton is an artwork created by American artist James Turrell in 1976, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art. It consists of two rooms with an aperture between them, carefully illuminated such that the rectangular hole appears to be a flat, gray canvas until closer inspection reveals its three-dimensional nature.

## Description

As a part of Turrell's Space Division Construction series, Acton consists of two distinct rooms of roughly equal sizes divided by a wall with a rectangular opening. The viewer enters the "sensing space," which is dimly illuminated by tungsten lights aimed at the walls. These low-light conditions lead them to first perceive the opening and the "viewing space" beyond it as a solid grey plane. However, time and closer examination reveal the true nature of the spaces. Security guards often facilitate this shift in perception by encouraging patrons to "touch" the "painting," going so far as to instruct them to speed walk toward it, making the moment of realization even more startling.

### Acquisition

Acton was acquired by the IMA in 1989 with the help of the Contemporary Art Society, the National Endowment of the Arts, and friends of Sylvia Zazas. It is located in the Nagler Family Gallery and has the acquisition number 1989.111.
# ATP Challenger Tour Finals

The ATP Challenger Tour Finals was a tennis tournament played between 2011 and 2015 at the end of season, involving the top seven players in that year's ATP Challenger Tour, plus an invited player from the tournament's host country.
Like the ATP Finals, the ATP Challenger Tour Finals was not a straightforward knockout tournament. Eight players were divided into two groups of four, and played three round-robin matches each against the other three players in their group. From there, the two players with the best records in each group progressed to the semifinals, with the winners meeting in the final to determine the champion.

## Venues

| Location | Years | Surface | Stadium | Capacity |
| São Paulo | 2011–2012 | Indoor Hard | Ginásio do Ibirapuera | 11,000 |
| São Paulo | 2013 | Outdoor Clay | Sociedade Harmonia de Tênis | |
| São Paulo | 2014–2015 | Indoor Clay | Esporte Clube Pinheiros | 1,000 |

## Past finals
### Singles

| Location | Surface | Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| ATP Challenger Tour Finals ||||||
| São Paulo, Brazil | Indoor clay | 2015 | Íñigo Cervantes | Daniel Muñoz de la Nava | 6–2, 3–6, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ |
| São Paulo, Brazil | Indoor clay | 2014 | Diego Schwartzman | Guilherme Clezar | 6–2, 6–3 |
| São Paulo, Brazil | Outdoor clay | 2013 | Filippo Volandri | Alejandro González | 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 |
| São Paulo, Brazil | Indoor hard | 2012 | Guido Pella | Adrian Ungur | 6–3, 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$ |
| São Paulo, Brazil | Indoor hard | 2011 | Cedrik-Marcel Stebe | Dudi Sela | 6–2, 6–4 |
# Orangeville, New York

Orangeville is an incorporated town in Wyoming County, New York. The population was 1,301 at the 2000 census.
The Town of Orangeville is centrally located in the county. U.S. Route 20A passes across the town.

## History

The Town of Orangeville was established in 1816 from part of the Town of Attica. Orangeville later gave up part of its territory to form the Town of Wethersfield.
In June 2022 a series on arson fires destroyed two houses and a bunker silo in Orangeville and Wethersfield.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.7 square miles (92 km$^2$), of which 35.6 square miles (92 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (0.25%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,301 people, 485 households, and 358 families residing in the town. The population density was 36.6 inhabitants per square mile (14.1/km$^2$). There were 602 housing units at an average density of 16.9 per square mile (6.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 99.08% White, 0.08% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.08% from other races, and 0.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.31% of the population.
There were 485 households, out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.1% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 18.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 27.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $45,208, and the median income for a family was $49,643. Males had a median income of $36,146 versus $24,615 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,547. About 7.2% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.7% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

* Theodore H. Barrett, United States Army officer
* Harry Jeremiah Parks, Medal of Honor recipient

## Communities and locations in Orangeville

* Dutch Flats — A hamlet on Buffalo Road near the northern town line.
* Halls Corners — A hamlet on Route 20A near the eastern town line.
* Johnsonburg — A hamlet on the border shared with the Town of Sheldon.
* Orangeville Center — A hamlet on Route 20A in the middle of the town.
* Quaker Town — A hamlet on Route 362 south of Orangeville Center.
# Filipendula multijuga

Filipendula multijuga is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae that is native to Japan.
# Otto Lochner

Otto Lochner was an Austrian sprint canoer who competed in the early 1950s. He won a bronze medal in the K-4 10000 m event at the 1950 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Copenhagen.
# El Diario de Nuevo Laredo

El Diario de Nuevo Laredo (The Nuevo Laredo Daily) is a Spanish language newspaper published in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The newspaper was founded in 1948 by Ruperto Villareal Montemayor. It is Nuevo Laredo's oldest Daily newspaper (the oldest nonstop publisher). According to El Diario, the newspaper is the most circulated in Nuevo Laredo.
In 2008, El Diario change its format to a free 24-page Berliner. This broader audience gave Nuevo Laredo Companies the result they expected .