OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dual income tax

The dual income tax system levies a proportional tax rate on all net income (capital, wage, and pension income minus deductions) combined with progressive tax rates on gross labour and pension income. This implies that labour income is taxed at higher rates than capital income, and that the value of the tax allowances is independent of the income level. The dual income tax system deliberately moves away from the comprehensive income tax (global income tax) system which taxes all or most (cash) income minus deductions (net income) according to the same rate schedule. The dual income tax was first implemented in the four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) through a number of tax reforms from 1987 to 1993. The dual income tax is therefore also known as the Nordic tax system or the Nordic Dual Income Tax.

## History

The dual income tax was first proposed by the Danish economist Niels Christian Nielsen in 1980. He suggested that the comprehensive income tax should be replaced by a system involving a flat rate of tax on capital income - at the level of the corporate income tax rate - combined with progressive taxation of the taxpayer's total income from other sources.
The proposal was taken up by a committee appointed by the Savings Bank Association (Sparekasseforeningen) that in the early 1980s prepared a discussion paper for a tax reform. Niels Christian Knudsen, now the president of the Savings Banks Association, contacted in June 1984 the Minister of Finance Isi Foighel and made him aware of the committee's proposal. The discussion paper was subsequently to serve as the basis for the tax minister's negotiations with the opposition on a tax reform.
The Danish minority government did propose a dual income tax in the spring of 1985, but the opposition was reluctant to give up the idea of progressive taxation of capital income. The final tax reform of 1987 included some amount of progressive taxation of capital income, but the top marginal tax rate on capital income (56 percent) was less than the top marginal tax rate of labour income (68 percent). It was thus not a pure dual income tax that was introduced in Denmark in 1987, but the Danish tax system moved considerably away from the comprehensive income tax.
# 346 BC

Year 346 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Corvus and Visolus (or, less frequently, year 408 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 346 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* The Peace of Philocrates is signed between Macedonia and Athens. The document agrees to a return to the status quo, but Philip II of Macedon keeps the right to punish the Phocians for starting the Sacred War.
* The Athenian politicians, Demosthenes and Timarchus, prepare to prosecute Aeschines for treason after he has sought to reconcile the Athenians to Macedonia's expansion into Greece. Eubulus loses his influence on Athenian affairs.
* Demosthenes, though condemning the terms of the Peace of Philocrates, argues that it has to be honoured.
* Following the conclusion of the Peace of Philocrates, Philip II's army moves through the pass of Thermopylae and subdues Phocis. Athens makes no move to support the Phocians.

#### Sicily

* Dionysius II is restored to power in Syracuse.
# Obesotoma tomiyaensis

Obesotoma tomiyaensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 11 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs from the Bering Strait to Cape Cod, Northeast USA
# Clinical Imaging

Clinical Imaging is a peer-reviewed academic journal on medical imaging. It was founded in 1977 and received its current title in 1989. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the New York Roentgen Society.

## History

The journal began publication in 1977 as Computed Axial Tomography. The founding editor was Rolf L. Schapiro. It was renamed CT: The Journal of Computed Tomography in 1978, and in 1989 obtained its present title. In 2012 it gained the sponsorship of the New York Roentgen Society. As of 2022 the editor-in-chief is Elizabeth Kagan Arleo.

## Abstracting and indexing

Clinical Imaging is indexed in:
* Academic Search Premier
* Biotechnology Research Abstracts (ProQuest)
* Compendex
* Embase
* MEDLINE
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
# 1937 Mercer Bears football team

The 1937 Mercer Bears football team was an American football team that represented Mercer University as a member of the Dixie Conference during the 1937 college football season. In their ninth year under head coach Lake Russell, the team compiled a 4–5 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 24 | South Georgia Teachers* | Centennial StadiumMacon, GA | W 0–77 | |
| October 2 | at Georgia Tech* | Grant FieldAtlanta, GA | L 0–28 | |
| October 9 | at Howard (AL) | Legion FieldBirmingham, AL | L 0–13 | 857 |
| October 15 | vs. Birmingham–Southern | Memorial StadiumColumbus, GA | L 0–7 | |
| October 23 | at Georgia* | Sanford StadiumAthens, GA | L 0–19 | 5,000 |
| October 29 | Oglethorpe* | Centennial StadiumMacon, GA | W 13–6 | |
| November 5 | at Presbyterian* | Bailey StadiumClinton, SC | W 25–13 | |
| November 12 | at Tampa* | Phillips FieldTampa, FL | W 20–0 | 2,500 |
| November 25 | at Chattanooga | Chamberlain FieldChattanooga, TN | L 7–19 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# 1886 Lehigh football team

The 1886 Lehigh football team represented Lehigh University in the 1886 college football season. The team finished with an overall record of 4–3–1.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 9 | at Penn | Philadelphia, PA | L 4–26 |
| October 16 | at Dickinson | Carlisle, PA | W 26–0 |
| October 30 | at Stevens | Hoboken, NJ | T 0–0 |
| November 6 | at Lafayette | Easton, PA (The Rivalry) | L 0–12 |
| November 13 | Stevens | Bethlehem, PA | W 14–0 |
| November 18 | Penn | Bethlehem, PA | W 28–0 |
| November 20 | Haverford | Bethlehem, PA | W 18–4 |
| November 24 | Lafayette | Bethlehem, PA | L 0–4 |
# Orthotylus tenellus tenellus

Orthotylus tenellus is a subspecies of bug from the family Miridae that can be found everywhere in Europe except for Albania, Croatia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, North Macedonia, Portugal, and Romania.
# Paul Philippe

Paul Philippe (1870–1930) was a French sculptor who worked during the late 19th and early 20th century. His work primarily consisted of bronze sculptures done in the Art Nouveau and Art Deco genres.
Philippe is perhaps best known for his circa 1925 sculpture called Awakening. His full body of work, however, consists of dozens of models.

## Early life and education

Philippe was born in France circa 1870. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France, under the direction of Antonin Larroux (1859–1913).

## Career

He specialized in bronze and chryselephantine sculptures that featured young women. A number of the pieces he created were of figures in the nude which was popular during the era he worked in. He worked for a time in Berlin, sometimes employing the Rosenthal und Maeder (R.U.M.) and Preiss-Kassler foundries to cast his work.
Philippe is perhaps best known for his circa 1925 sculpture entitled Awakening, although his oeuvre consists of a large body of work. Awakening features a young nude woman stretching as she awakens from a long night's sleep.
Philippe's work is exhibited in the Art Deco Museum in Moscow, Russia, one of the newest museums in the city, which opened in 2014. His work is also a part of other major collections and often appears for sale at major auction houses around the world, sometimes selling for hefty sums.

## Death

Philippe died in 1930, but the location of his death is unknown.
# Pantelej neighbourhood, Niš

Pantelej (Serbian Cyrillic: Пaнтeлej) is a neighborhood of the city of Niš, Serbia. It is located in Niš municipality of Pantelej.

## Location

Pantelej is located in the north-eastern outskirt of Niš. It is flat and bordered on the south by the Nišava river, on the east by the neighborhood of Durlan, and on the west by the neighborhood of Jagodin Mala.

## History

Pantelej was named by the Church of St. Pantelejmon [sr], which was built after the liberation of Niš from Ottomans. The area around the church is significantly older, with human remains from a medieval necropolis dating to the 12th century. According to Stefan the First-Crowned, the conquest of Niš by Nemanja in 1185 AD implied the total destruction of the city, but some of the churches were spared. Next to the church is Pantelejmon Cemetery, atop the former necropolis, which was formed at the end of the 19th century and continued to be used for burials until the end of the 1940s.

## Characteristics

The neighborhood is mostly residential.

## Future development

There is a plan of construction of a new city park in the neighborhood.
# Numerology (Ismailism)

Numerology is an element of Isma'ili belief that states that numbers have religious meanings. The number seven plays a general role in the theology of the Ismā'īliyya, including mystical speculations that there are seven heavens, seven continents, seven orifices in the skull, seven days in a week, seven prophets, and so forth.

## Position of the Imam

Old Ismaili doctrine holds that divine revelation had been given in six periods (daur) entrusted to six prophets, also called Natiq (Speaker), who were commissioned to preach a religious law to their respective communities.
For instance, Nasir Khusraw argues that the world of religion was created in six cycles, corresponding to the six days of the week. The seventh day, corresponding to the Sabbath, is the cycle in which the world comes out of darkness and ignorance and “into the light of her Lord” (Quran 39:69), and the people who “laboured in fulfilment of (the Prophets’) command” are rewarded.
While the Natiq was concerned with the rites and outward shape of religion and life, the inner meaning was entrusted to a Wasi (Representative), who would know the secret meaning of all rites and rules and would reveal them to a small circles of initiates.
The Natiq and Wasi are in turn succeeded by a line of seven Imams, who would guard what they received. The seventh and last Imam in any period would then be the Natiq of the next period. The last Imam of the sixth period however would not bring about a new religion or law but would abrogate the law and introduce din Adama al-awwal ("the original religion of Adam"), as practised by Adam and the Angels in paradise before the fall. This would be without cult or law but would consist in all creatures praising the creator and recognizing his unity. This final stage was called Qiyamah.
| Natiq | Wasi | Line of Imams |
| Adam | Seth | ... 7. Nuh |
| Nuh | Sem | ... 7. Ibrahim |
| Ibrahim | Ishmael | ... 7. Musa |
| Musa | Harun | ... 7. Isa |
| Isa | Sim'un as-Safa | ... 7. Muhammad |
| Muhammad | Ali | ... 7. al-Qa'im |
# 300 Park Avenue South

300 Park Avenue South (previously the Mills & Gibb Building and currently also known as The Creative Arts Center) is a building on the northwest corner of East 22nd Street in the Flatiron District/Gramercy Park neighborhoods of Manhattan, New York City.

## History

The 16-story Beaux-Arts style building was to a design by Starrett & van Vleck. Built in 1911 for Mills & Gibb on the site of the old Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church, it boasted a frontage of 114 feet (35 m) on Fourth Avenue and 100 feet (30 m) on Twenty-second Street. The Beaux-Arts style building was completed in 1911. Its automatic sprinklers were supplied with water by two steel pressure tanks of 9,000 US gallons (34,000 L; 7,500 imp gal) capacity each, located in a fireproof house on the roof. They were connected together, with gate and check valves at each, and discharge through a dead riser running down through the building to the basement. The ornamental iron partitions glazed with wire mesh glass that separated each floor from the main stairway were furnished by the Winslow Brothers' Company. "Richardson" seamless kalamein fire doors protected the openings on the passenger elevator shaft. furnished by the J. F. Blanchard Company, these doors were finished with Verdi antique enamel. The entire steel frame was fireproofed with terra cotta hollow tile furnished by Henry Maurer & Son, New York City.
It is currently occupied by the Smithsonian Institution's New York Research Center, the New York State Council on the Arts, Wilhelmina Models, FanDuel, and the Whitney Museum of American Art. Rockrose Development Corporation is the landlord.
# Ocampo Municipality, Durango

Ocampo is a municipality in the Mexican state of Durango. The municipal seat lies at Villa Ocampo. The municipality covers an area of 3,207.7 km$^2$.
As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 9,626, up from 9,222 as of 2005.
The municipality had 196 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Villa las Nieves (3,079) and Villa Ocampo (1,076), classified as urban.
# Dipak Ray

Dipak Kumar Ray (c. 1930 - 11 February 2012) was an Indian-born physician who worked in general practice in Wales. He is best known for promoting equal opportunities and campaigning against racism in the medical profession in the 1970s.

## Early life and family

Dipak Ray was born in Cuttack, Orissa, India, around 1930. His family contributed to the Indian independence movement, resulting in Ray's arrest at age 11. He completed his medical training in Calcutta and did some work in the United States before arriving in the United Kingdom during the 1950s.
He settled in Blackwood, Caerphilly, South Wales, where he then remained in general practice.
He had one son, Indranil, and two grandchildren, Shonali and Mitali. His wife was a teacher and socialist, Rekha.

## Career

By the early 1960s, Ray was a general practitioner (GP) in South Wales. He is best known for promoting equal opportunities and campaigning against racism in the medical profession in the 1970s. He was also a columnist for the magazine Doctor and wrote for Tribune.
During the 1970s and 1980s, Ray supported the Medical Practitioners' Union on the British Medical Association's general medical services committee. He was active in public debate, disclosing racism in the medical profession, pushing healthcare motions. endeavouring to end private treatment in NHS hospitals and being involved with the TUC and Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs.
He was a commissioner of the Commission for Racial Equality.
Ray was amongst the forerunners of patient participation in the organisation of GP surgeries.
In 2009, Ray was presented with a Labour party merit award for his involvement in the Labour party.

## Death and legacy

Ray died on 11 February 2012 at the age of 82.
His story was one of forty-five oral histories in Julian M. Simpson's Migrant architects of the NHS; South Asian doctors and the reinvention of British general practice (1940s-1980s), used to demonstrate how imperial legacies and medical migration shaped the UK's healthcare in the first four decades following the founding of the NHS.
# 1974 Italian Athletics Championships

The 1974 Italian Athletics Championships was the 64th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Rome (track & field events).
# 2023 Mumbai Indians season

The 2023 season of the Indian Premier League saw Mumbai Indians plays its 16th season.
Having finished the 2022 season in the bottom spot on the table, the team qualified for the playoffs in 2023.

## Background

The franchise retained several players ahead of the 2023 mini-auction. These included the list as below.
* Rohit Sharma
* Ishan Kishan
* Suryakumar Yadav
* Jasprit Bumrah
* Hritik Shokeen
* Arjun Tendulkar
* Tim David
* Kumar Kartikeya
* Dewald Brevis
* Ramandeep Singh
* Tilak Varma
* Jofra Archer
* Mohd. Arshad Khan
* Akash Madhwal
* Tristan Stubbs
* Jason Behrendorff

### Players released

* Kieron Pollard (Retired)
* Anmolpreet Singh
* Aryan Juyal
* Basil Thampi
* Daniel Sams
* Fabian Allen
* Jaydev Unadkat
* Mayank Markande
* Murugan Ashwin
* Rahul Buddhi
* Riley Meredith
* Sanjay Yadav
* Tymal Mills

### Players signed

* Cameron Green
* Duan Jansen
* Nehal Wadhera
* Shams Mulani
* Piyush Chawla
* Raghav Goyal
* Jhye Richardson
* Vishnu Vinod

## Season

Despite the absence of experienced bowlers in the side, and with Jasprit Bumrah injured, the emergence of Akash Madhwal, who took a five-wicket haul in the eliminator match was one of the positives for the team.
The team started slowly, losing two of its first three matches, but was able to finish 4th in the group stage, qualifying for the playoffs. They beat Lucknow Super Giants in the eliminator, but lost to Gujarat Titans in the second playoff match.
Suryakumar Yadav was the standout talent with the bat accumulating 605 runs, whilst Piyush Chawla took 22 wickets.
# Chogu-Yapalsi

Choggu-Yapalsi is a community in Sagnarigu District in the Northern Region of Ghana. It is a nucleated but populated community located along the Tamale-Kumbungu road having Jisonaayili, Gurugu and Choggu Mmanaayili as its immediate neighbors.
# Achill Sound

Gob an Choire or Gob a' Choire (English name: Achill Sound), formerly anglicised as Gubacurra, is a Gaeltacht village in County Mayo, Ireland. It lies on the east coast of Achill Island and is the first settlement one reaches after crossing the Michael Davitt Bridge, a swing bridge that joins Achill Island to Corraun Peninsula on the mainland. In ancient times the southern entrance was guarded by Carrickkildavnet Castle.
Achill Sound is also the name of the waterway separating Achill Island from the Irish mainland.

## Transport

Achill Sound is located on the R319 regional road.
Bus Éireann route 450 (Dooagh-Westport-Louisburgh) operates several times a day in each direction, less often on Sundays.
# Eudorylas zonatus

Eudorylas zonatus is a species of fly in the family Pipunculidae.

## Distribution

Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands, Yugoslavia.
# 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (II)

The second of three 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: V Gran Premio Extraordinario de Eva Duarte Perón) was a Formula Libre Grand Prix motor race that took place on February 25, 1951, at the Costanero Norte street circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

## Classification

| Pos | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired |
| 1 | José Froilán González | Ferrari 166 FL | 45 | 1:35:40.6 |
| 2 | Karl Kling | Mercedes-Benz W154 | 45 | 1:37:53.1 |
| 3 | Hermann Lang | Mercedes-Benz W154 | 43 | 1:36:30.5" |
| 4 | Jorge Daponte | Maserati 4CLT | 43 | N/A |
| 5 | Carlos Menditeguy | Alfa Romeo 8C 308 | 36 | DNF |
| Ret | Alfredo Pian | Maserati 4CL | 23 | DNF |
| Ret | Juan Manuel Fangio | Mercedes-Benz W154 | 18 | DNF |
| Ret | Clemar Bucci | Alfa Romeo 12C-37 | 18 | DNF |
| Ret | Óscar Alfredo Gálvez | Ferrari 166 FL | 12 | DNF |
| Ret | Luis Alberto de Dios | Simca-Gordini T-15 | 11 | DNF |
| Ret | Hector Niemitz | Alfa Romeo 2.9 sc | 9 | DNF |
| Ret | Pascual Puópolo | Maserati | 7 | DNF |
# 234 BC

Year 234 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Albinus and Ruga (or, less frequently, year 520 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 234 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* The Epirote Alliance is replaced by the Epirote League, which is a federal state with its own parliament (or synedrion).
* The city of Pleuron is destroyed by Demetrius II of Macedon.
* After the resignation of Lydiadas, the city of Megalopolis joins the Achaean League.

#### Roman Republic

* Corsica, Sardinia and Liguria rebel unsuccessfully against Rome.

#### China

* The Qin general Huan Yi wins a major victory over the Zhao general Hu Zhe in the Battle of Pingyang, and captures Pingyang and Wucheng.

## Births

* Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Elder), Roman statesman, (d. 149 BC)
* Mete Khan, Xiongnu emperor, (d. 174 BC)

## Deaths

* Pharnavaz I of Iberia, King of Georgia
* Zenodotus of Ephesus, first librarian of the Library of Alexandria
# Comets Soon Pass

Comets Soon Pass is a 1943 Australian play by Dymphna Cusack. It won the 1943 WA Drama Festival Award. (She had won it the year before with Morning Sacrifice.) The play was produced in Perth and in army camps. Leslie Rees called the play a "political-disquisitory".
According to Cusack's biography the play "was her personal catharsis and artistic reprisal for the defection of her former lover, the novelist Xavier Herbert, and payback to the 'asparagus king' Gordon Edgell, who had tried to damn her publicly for her activism on behalf of unemployed youth."
The play was published in a 1950 collection of Cusack's plays.

## Premise

A group gather in the house of a doctor during a flood.
# Don Pancho Talero

Don Pancho Talero was a comic strip created by Argentinian cartoonist Arturo Lanteri, which centred on the family of a sailor named Don Pancho Talero. It appeared in the magazine El Hogar between 1922 and 1944. Three films were also created based on the character: Las aventuras de Pancho Talero [es] (1929), Pancho Talero en la prehistoria [es] (1930) and Pancho Talero en Hollywood (1931).
# Nicosan

Nicosan, also known as Hemoxin, Niprisan, or Nix-0699, is a phytochemical which was studied in sickle-cell disease (SCD). As of 2017 it does not appear to be commercially available, as the only manufacturer, which was in Nigeria, has stopped producing it due to financial problems.

## Medical uses

There is tentative evidence that it may be useful in sickle-cell disease. It however does not appear to affect overall complications or rates of anemia.

## Chemistry

It is an ethanol/water extract of Piper guineense seeds, Pterocarpus osum stem, Eugenia caryophyllus fruit, and Sorghum bicolor leaves.

## History

It was developed at the Nigerian National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) (U.S. Patent # 5,800,819 - September 1, 1998). NIPRD has conducted Phase III clinical trials in Nigeria which showed unclear benefits but have not been published as of 2010.
In August 2002, a Nigerian subsidiary of the American company Xechem International, acquired the rights to Nicosan. On July 6, 2006, the drug was announced in Nigeria, with the president of Nigeria, Olusegun Obasanjo, in attendance. In 2008, a fraud complaint alleged that Nigerian public money was spent on the drug. Xechem International went bankrupt in 2008 and production of the drug stopped.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 Oniyangi, Oluseyi; Cohall, Damian H. (25 September 2020). "Phytomedicines (medicines derived from plants) for sickle cell disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 9: CD004448. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004448.pub7. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 8106534. PMID 32977351.
* ↑ "Neglect of traditional medicine continues". Retrieved 12 September 2018.
* ↑ Kotiah, SD; Ballas, SK (December 2009). "Investigational drugs in sickle cell anemia". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 18 (12): 1817–28. doi:10.1517/13543780903247463. PMID 19780709.
* 1 2 Ndhlovu, Deborah-Fay (18 November 2010). "Funding woes afflict African herbal therapy institute". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.602. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
* ↑ "Sickle cell drug mired in controversy". Sci Dev Net. June 30, 2008. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
* ↑ "Nigerian Research Institute Commences Production of Sickle Cell Anaemia Management Drug - Nigerian Bulletin - Trending News". Nigerian Bulletin - Trending News. Retrieved 12 September 2018.