# Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane

Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) is an organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. DDD is a metabolite of DDT. DDD is colorless and crystalline; it is closely related chemically and is similar in properties to DDT, but it is considered to be less toxic to animals than DDT. The molecular formula for DDD is (ClC$_6$H$_4$)$_2$CHCHCl$_2$ or C$_{14}$H$_{10}$Cl$_4$, whereas the formula for DDT is (ClC$_6$H$_4$)$_2$CHCCl$_3$ or C$_{14}$H$_9$Cl$_5$.
DDD is in the “Group B2” classification, meaning that it is a probable human carcinogen. This is based on an increased incidence of lung tumors in male and female mice, liver tumors in male mice, and thyroid tumors in male rats. A further basis is that DDD is similar to and is a metabolite of DDT, another probable human carcinogen.
DDD is no longer registered for agricultural use in the United States, but the general population continues to be exposed to it due to its long persistence time. The primary source of exposure is oral ingestion of food.
1946 is the date of the earliest recorded use in English of the abbreviation “DDD” to stand for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, as far as could be determined.

## Mitotane

If one of the p-chlorines in DDD is switched to ortho-position, the result is the chemotherapeutic agent mitotane. This is an example of a positional isomer.

## Table of names

The following are synonyms for DDD:
| Systematic Names | Superlist Names | Other Names |
| Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2- dichloroethylidene) bis(4-chloro- (9CI) | 4,4'-DDD | 1,1'-(2,2-Dichloroethylidene)bis (4-chlorobenzene) |
| Ethane, 1,1- dichloro-2,2-bis(p- chlorophenyl)- | Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2- dichloroethylidene)bis(4-chloro- | 1,1-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2- dichloroethane |
| TDE | DDD | 1,1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2- dichloroethane |
| p,p'-TDE | DDD, p,p'- | 1,1-Dichloor-2,2-bis(4-chloor fenyl)-ethaan (Dutch) |
| | Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane | 1,1-Dichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor- phenyl)-aethan (German) |
| | RCRA waste number U060 | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4- chlorophenyl)-ethane (French) |
| | TDE | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4- chlorophenyl)ethane |
| | Tetrachlorodiphenylethane | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p- chlorophenyl)ethane |
| | p,p'-TDE | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (parachlorophenyl)ethane |
| | | 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-di(4- chlorophenyl)ethane |
| | | 1,1-Dicloro-2,2-bis(4-cloro-fenil)- etano (Italian) |
| | | 2,2-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1- dichloroethane |
| | | 2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1- dichloroethane |
| | | 4,4' DDD |
| | | 4,4-DDD |
| | | 4,4'- Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane |
| | | 4-05-00-01884 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) |
| | | AI3-04225 |
| | | Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2- dichloroethylidene)bis[4-chloro- |
| | | BRN 1914072 |
| | | CCRIS 573 |
| | | Caswell No. 307 |
| | | DDD analogue |
| | | DDD in whole water sample |
| | | Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane |
| | | Dichlorodiphenyldichlorethane |
| | | Dilene |
| | | EINECS 200-783-0 |
| | | ENT 4,225 |
| | | EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 029101 |
| | | Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p- chlorophenyl)- |
| | | HEPT |
| | | HSDB 285 |
| | | ME-1700 |
| | | Me-700 |
| | | NCI-C00475 |
| | | NSC 8941 |
| | | OMS 1078 |
| | | para-para DDD |
| | | para,para'-DDD |
| | | para,para'- Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane |
| | | p,p-DDD |
| | | p,p'-DDD |
| | | p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyl-2,2-dichloroethylene |
| | | p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane |
| | | Rhothane |
| | | Rhothane D-3 |
| | | Rothane |
| | | Rothane WP-50 |