OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crataegus sanguinea

Crataegus sanguinea (common names redhaw hawthorn or Siberian hawthorn) is a species of hawthorn that is native to southern Siberia, Mongolia, and the extreme north of China. It is cultivated for its edible red berry-like fruit which actually is a pome. The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked. They can be used to make jam, jelly, and fruit preserves. They are also grown in gardens as ornamental plants. The flowers are small, white in color, and occur in clusters. The flowers give off a carrion smell.
The world's largest living individual of this species can be found in Volunteer Park, Seattle, Washington.
# Clixby

Clixby is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Grasby, in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) north from the town of Caistor, and lies in the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In 1931 the parish had a population of 39.
Clixby was formerly a township and chapelry in the parish of Caistor, in 1866 Clixby became a civil parish, on 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished and merged with Bishop Norton.
Clixby is listed in the 1086 Domesday Book, with Lord of the Manor as King William I. At the beginning of the 18th century Clixby was the seat of Sir John Fitzwilliam.
The parish church was dedicated to All Hallows and dates from the 13th century with a 19th-century restoration by Hodgson Fowler. It was declared redundant in 1973.
# Olympic Hot Doughnuts

Olympic Hot Doughnuts was a local business operating in Footscray, Victoria, Australia. It sold hot jam doughnuts outside of the Footscray Railway Station on Irving Street. The business operated outside of the station from 1979 until its closure in early 2017.

## Background

Olympic Hot Doughnuts was started by Greek immigrant Nick Tsiligiris outside of the Footscray station in the Irving St forecourt in 1979.
For more than 40 years the business operated out of two caravans on the station forecourt, selling jam doughnuts for 80 cents each. However, from 2012 to 2014 the station and Irving Street forecourt underwent a major development as part of the Regional Rail Link project.
There was much speculation about the business's future, as all the other shops on the station side of Irving Street had been demolished. However, due to insistence from local residents and traders that it would have a negative impact on Footscray should the business be made to move on, it was eventually announced that Olympic Hot Doughnuts would remain open.
For more than a year the caravans were moved around the forecourt via crane while construction crews continued to develop the new station. In 2014 – two new kiosks popped up close to the new station entrance. It was eventually announced that one of those kiosks would be for Olympic Hot Doughnuts which opened to the public on 9 July 2014. Former Premier Denis Napthine was in attendance. The old caravans were sent to the Melbourne Museum for exhibition.
In 2015, filmmakers Ian Tran and Rachael Morssink made a short documentary about Olympic Hot Doughnuts, titled Olympic Nick: a documentary'. In the eleven-minute film the station rebuild period was re-examined, and other Footscray traders were asked for their opinions on Tsiligiris and Olympic Hot Doughnuts. It was also revealed by one of the community advisers for Footscray from the former Regional Rail Link Authority that Tsiligiris prior to the establishment of the kiosk did not in fact have a land title.

## Closure

In April 2016 Tsiligiris had a serious car accident and as a result was forced to close the shop for some time. As a result, rumors spread as to the fate of Tsiligiris with incorrect speculation he had died. As a result, his family was forced to deny this was the case. However, in January 2017, Tsiligiris was forced to close Olympic Hot Doughnuts, due to ill health. In March 2017, it was announced that a new business would take over from Tsiligiris selling doughnuts in the kiosk.

## Legacy

In May 2020, a Mural of Tsiligiris' face with the Olympic Doughnuts logo in the background was erected on Leeds Street, Footscray, not far from the station and original site of the former caravan and current kiosk, by a local artist. In April 2021 the State Library Victoria acquired a miniature model of the original Olympic Doughnuts Van made by artist David Hourigan.
Tsiligiris died on 21 October 2021.
# Contact microphone

A contact microphone is a form of microphone that senses audio vibrations through contact with solid objects. Unlike normal air microphones, contact microphones are almost completely insensitive to air vibrations but transduce only structure-borne sound. Often used as acoustic leakage probes, they also enjoy wide usage by electroacoustic music artists experimenting with sound. Contact microphones can be used to amplify sound from acoustic musical instruments, to sense drum hits, for triggering electronic samples, and to record sound in challenging environments, such as underwater under high pressure.

## Piezoelectric contact microphones

A piezoelectric sensor is the most commonly available contact microphone. It is made of a thin piezoelectric ceramic disc glued to a thin brass or alloy metal disc (see image). The voltage produced from the sound vibrations can be measured across them. Contact microphones based on piezoelectric materials are passive and high-impedance, and they sound tinny without a matching preamp.
Instead of being used as a microphone, they alternatively may be used to produce sound (typical used as the buzzer in computer motherboards) by sending voltages to them.

## Coil-based contact microphones

Moving coil microphone contact microphones operate by suspending a coil of wire within a magnetic field or alternatively by suspending a magnet above a fixed coil, to induce a signal directly from the object's vibrations.
# Albert Littlefield

Dr. Albert Littlefield was the first professional abortion provider in Portland, Oregon. Dr. Edgar Stewart inherited his practice, which he closed in the 1940s in favor of Ruth Barnett.
# Dual-phase steel

Dual-phase steel (DP steel) is a high-strength steel that has a ferritic–martensitic microstructure. DP steels are produced from low or medium carbon steels that are quenched from a temperature above A$_1$ but below A$_3$ determined from continuous cooling transformation diagram. This results in a microstructure consisting of a soft ferrite matrix containing islands of martensite as the secondary phase (martensite increases the tensile strength). Therefore, the overall behaviour of DP steels is governed by the volume fraction, morphology (size, aspect ratio, interconnectivity, etc.), the grain size and the carbon content. For achieving these microstructures, DP steels typically contain 0.06–0.15 wt.% C and 1.5-3% Mn (the former strengthens the martensite, and the latter causes solid solution strengthening in ferrite, while both stabilize the austenite), Cr & Mo (to retard pearlite or bainite formation), Si (to promote ferrite transformation), V and Nb (for precipitation strengthening and microstructure refinement). The desire to produce high strength steels with formability greater than microalloyed steel led to development of DP steels in 2007 by Tata Steel.
DP steels have high ultimate tensile strength (UTS, enabled by the martensite) combined with low initial yielding stress (provided by the ferrite phase), high early-stage strain hardening and macroscopically homogeneous plastic flow (enabled through the absence of Lüders effects). These features render DP steels ideal materials for automotive-related sheet forming operations.
The steel melt is produced in an oxygen top blowing process in the converter, and undergoes an alloy treatment in the secondary metallurgy phase. The product is aluminium-killed steel, with high tensile strength achieved by the composition with manganese, chromium and silicon.
Their advantages are as follows:
* Low yield strength
* Low yield to tensile strength ratio (yield strength / tensile strength = 0.5)
* High initial strain hardening rates
* Good uniform elongation
* A high strain rate sensitivity (the faster it is crushed the more energy it absorbs)
* Good fatigue resistance
Due to these properties DP steels are often used for automotive body panels, wheels, and bumpers.
# Palazzo del Collegio Puteano

The Palazzo del Collegio Puteano (Palace of the Putean College) is a building in Piazza dei Cavalieri in Pisa, Italy. The palace occupies the whole western part of the square and makes a corner with Via Corsica street.
The palace, located near to the Church of St Rocco, was built in the present form between 1549 and 1598, by joining a group of three previous houses.
In 1605, it was given in perpetual rent to the Knights of St Stephen, to host some students from Piedmont, by order of Archbishop Carlo Antonio Dal Pozzo, from whom the name Puteano is derived.
Between 1608 and 1609 the façade was decorated with allegoric frescoes by Giovanni Stefano Marucelli. After the suppression of the Knights, the college was closed in 1925, but it opened again in 1930 when the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa used the building as Home of the Student of the university. In 1969, the palace underwent a major restoration, and currently belongs to Scuola Normale and hosts the research center of mathematics and the guesthouse.
# Corpus Delicti

Corpus delicti can refer to:
* Corpus delicti, a legal term
* Corpus Delicti (band), a gothic rock band
* Corpus Delicti (novel), a 2009 novel by Juli Zeh
* Corpus Delicti (album), an album by Die Form
* "Corpus Delicti," an episode from season 6 of Law & Order
# 31st Virgin Islands Legislature

The 31st Virgin Islands Legislature was a meeting of the Legislature of the Virgin Islands. It convened in Charlotte Amalie on January 12, 2015, during the first two years of Kenneth Mapp governorship and ended on January 9, 2017.

## Major legislation
### Enacted

* Bill No. 31-0009: Stars Act
* Bill No. 31-0021, appropriates $1 million to pursue legal action against “Hess Oil V.I. Corp., HOVENSA, LLC, Petroleos de Venezuela, PDVSA, VI, Inc.
# Donald Pease

Donald Pease may refer to:
* Donald E. Pease, professor of English, Dartmouth College and Director of the Futures of American Studies Institute
* Don Pease (Donald James Pease, 1931–2002), U.S. Representative from Ohio
# Olympic Hockey Centre

Olympic Hockey Centre may refer to:
* Olympic Hockey Centre (Athens), used for the 2004 Summer Olympics
* Riverbank Arena, formerly known as the Olympic Hockey Centre, which was used for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London
* Olympic Hockey Centre (Rio de Janeiro), the hockey venue at the 2016 Summer Olympics
# Dwight Heine

Dwight Heine (12 October 1919 – 13 November 1984) was a Marshallese politician. He was both a member and speaker of the Marshall Islands Congress, Congress of Micronesia and the House of Representatives of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, before serving as District Administrator of the Marshall Islands from 1965 to 1969.

## Biography

Heine was born in October 1919 on Ebon Atoll, the grandson of Australian-born Congregationalist missionary Carl Heine. He had four siblings, including the educator and activist Mary Lanwi. He was homeschooled until the age of 14 and then attended a mission school in Jabat Island, before progressing to the advanced school on Kosrae, where he studied from 1936 to 1938. He then returned to the Marshall Islands to work as a teacher. However, after a year teaching he was required by the Japanese to work in phosphate pits, where he spent most of World War II. During the war his parents were executed by the Japanese and he acted as a scout for American troops as they invaded the territory. After the Americans won control of the islands, he worked as a guide and interpreter.
Heine then became the first Micronesian to attend an American college on a scholarship, studying at the University of Hawaiʻi between 1948 and 1950. After a brief stint teaching at the Pacific Islands Central School, he became a superintendent of primary schools in the Marshall Islands, as well as president of the Marshall Islands Import Export Company. In 1952 he was awarded a United Nations fellowship to study public school administration, spending time in Fiji, New Zealand and Samoa. He later became District Educational Administrator for the Marshalls. During the 1950s he also appeared at the United Nations to protest atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll, after which he was temporarily removed from his position in the civil service. He returned to the University of Hawaiʻi in 1957, graduating with a BA in 1959, becoming the first Micronesian to earn a college degree. He was later awarded an honorary doctorate by Oakland City College.
He was elected to the Marshall Islands Congress, serving as its president. In 1961 he also became a member of the new Congress of Micronesia, and was its first Speaker. When the body was converted to the Congress of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in January 1965, he contested the first elections to the lower house, the General Assembly (later renamed the House of Representatives), and was elected from the Marshalls 6th District. Following the elections, he was elected Speaker of the Assembly. However, in October 1965 he was appointed District Administrator of the Marshall Islands, resigning his seat in Congress. His appointment made him the first Micronesian to hold such office.
He served as District Administrator until 1969, after which he became special consultant to the High Commissioner, a position he held until he retired in 1980. He died in Majuro in November 1984 at the age of 65.
# 1976 Portland Timbers season

The 1976 Portland Timbers season was the second season for the Portland Timbers in the now-defunct North American Soccer League.

## Squad

The 1976 squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 2 | DF | ENG | Ray Martin |
| 4 | DF | ENG | Mick Hoban |
| 6 | DF | USA | Chuck Carey |
| 10 | MF | USA | Hank Liotart |
| 11 | FW | NIR | Jimmy Kelly |
| 13 | FW | ENG | Chris Dangerfield |
| 14 | FW | ENG | Tony Betts |
| 15 | MF | SCO | Pat McMahon |
| 16 | FW | USA | Roger Goldingay |
| 17 | DF | ENG | Neil Rioch |
| 18 | DF | CAN | Nick Nicolas |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 19 | MF | SCO | Paul Hendrie |
| 20 | GK | ENG | Jim Cumbes |
| 21 | FW | ENG | Malcolm Smith |
| 22 | GK | CAN | Dave Landry |
| 23 | DF | ENG | Brian Tiler |
| 24 | FW | CAN | Ike MacKay |
| 25 | FW | SCO | John Smillie |
| 27 | FW | USA | Kit Zell |
| 29 | DF | USA | Chip Smallwood |
| 32 | FW | ENG | John Rogers |
| 36 | DF | CAN | Danny Lomas |

## North American Soccer League
### Pacific Conference, Western Division standings

Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points Source:

### League results

| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| April 16, 1976 | Vancouver Whitecaps | A | 3*–2 (OT) | 11,352 | Betts, MacKay |
| April 25, 1976 | Seattle Sounders | A | 0–1 (OT) | 24,983 | |
| May 1, 1976 | St. Louis Stars | H | 3–2 | 22,147 | McMahon, Betts, Dangerfield |
| May 8, 1976 | Dallas Tornado | H | 0–2 | 25,905 | |
| May 14, 1976 | San Diego Jaws | A | 2–0 | 9,200 | MacKay (2) |
| May 19, 1976 | San Antonio Thunder | H | 1–0 | 19,223 | Betts |
| June 2, 1976 | San Diego Jaws | H | 1–2 | 18,337 | Rioch |
| June 5, 1976 | Los Angeles Aztecs | A | 0–1 | 7,921 | |
| June 12, 1976 | New York Cosmos | H | 0–3 | 32,247 | |
| June 19, 1976 | St. Louis Stars | A | 1–3 | 5,900 | Kelly |
| June 20, 1976 | Miami Toros | A | 1–3 | 3,299 | Betts |
| June 25, 1976 | San Jose Earthquakes | H | 1–0 | 19,294 | Rioch |
| June 30, 1976 | Boston Minutemen | H | 2–0 | 18,621 | Rogers, Liotart |
| July 3, 1976 | San Jose Earthquakes | A | 0–3 | 20,807 | |
| July 5, 1976 | Los Angeles Aztecs | H | 1–2 | 19,375 | Smith |
| July 9, 1976 | Rochester Lancers | A | 0–1 | 7,797 | |
| July 11, 1976 | Toronto Metros-Croatia | A | 1–2 (OT) | 3,490 | Dangerfield |
| July 18, 1976 | Vancouver Whitecaps | H | 2–1 | 17,456 | Rioch, Betts |
| July 23, 1976 | San Antonio Thunder | A | 1–0 | 5,163 | Smith |
| July 24, 1976 | Dallas Tornado | A | 0–3 | 14,206 | |
| August 1, 1976 | Minnesota Kicks | H | 0–2 | 17,153 | |
| August 4, 1976 | Minnesota Kicks | A | 1–2 | 25,509 | Betts |
| August 7, 1976 | Seattle Sounders | H | 0–3 | 17,049 | |
| August 14, 1976 | Tampa Bay Rowdies | H | 2–3 | 17,199 | Smith, Rogers |
* = Won coin-flip Source:
# 1981 in Korea

1981 in Korea may refer to:
* 1981 in North Korea
* 1981 in South Korea
# Africa Information Highway initiative

The African Information Highway Initiative is a mega network of live open data platforms (ODPs) linking all African countries and 16 regional organizations. It was launched in November, 2012 by Statistics Department of the African Development Bank (AfDB) as a platform for sharing data and resources.
# East Driefontein

East Driefontein is a small gold mining town approximately 20 km outside Carletonville, Gauteng, South Africa, next to West Driefontein.
# Dianna Dilworth

Dianna Dilworth (born 1978 in San Diego, California) is a filmmaker and journalist. She attended San Francisco State University and the European Graduate School.
She is the director of We Are the Children, a documentary about Michael Jackson's fans during his 2004-2005 trial, which is distributed by independent film distribution company Indiepix. She is also the director of a feature-length documentary on the Mellotron called Mellodrama.
She also directed "The Gallery Is a Guillotine", a music video for the Most Holy Trinity on Brown Bottle Records; "Lonely Wine", a music video for artist TK Webb and label The Social Registry; and "What You Wish For", a music video for Telescope Music.
She directs documentaries about culture in New York City for Current TV.
As a freelance magazine writer, her articles have appeared in The Believer, Dwell, Russian Esquire, Architectural Record, and Plenty.
# 430 BC

Year 430 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crassus and Iullus (or, less frequently, year 324 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 430 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events
### By place
#### Greece

* The army of Sparta loots Attica for a second time, but Pericles is not daunted and refuses to revise his initial strategy. Unwilling to engage the Spartan army in battle, he again leads a naval expedition to plunder the coasts of the Peloponnesus, this time taking 100 Athenian ships with him.
* Potidaea finally capitulates to the siege by Athenian forces in the winter.
* An outbreak of a plague hits Athens and the disease ravages the densely packed city (modern DNA analyses of material from ancient cemeteries suggest the mortal disease may have been typhus). The plague wipes out over 30,000 citizens, sailors, and soldiers as well as Pericles' two sons. Roughly one-quarter of the Athenian population dies. The fear of plague is so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica is abandoned, their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy.
* Pericles becomes ill from the plague but he recovers, temporarily. He is deposed from his position as General (or Strategos) but is later reappointed.

### By topic
#### Art

* Polyclitus completes one of his greatest statues, the Diadumenos (Diadem-bearer).
* Approximate date – Sophocles' drama Oedipus Rex is first performed in Athens.

#### Religion

* Traditional date where scholars believe the Hebrew prophet known as Malachi writes the 39th and last book, and last of the prophetic books, of the Old Testament of the Biblical canon, the Book of Malachi. Biblical books written between now and the millennium will not be included in the Hebrew Bible and in some Christian traditions considered Biblical apocrypha.

## Deaths

* Empedocles, Greek philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 490 BC)
* Phidias, Greek sculptor (approximate date) (b. c. 480 BC)
* Zeno of Elea, Greek philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 490 BC)
# Acacia–Commiphora bushland

Acacia–Commiphora bushland is the predominant plant community of northeastern tropical Africa. It occurs in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and Tanzania.
It is made up of dense shrubs 3 to 5 meters tall, with scattered emergent trees growing up to 9 meters tall. The predominant species are acacias (genera Acacia, Senegalia, and Vachellia) and species of Commiphora. Many acacias and some Commiphoras are spiny, and can form impenetrable thickets. Most trees and shrubs are deciduous, shedding their leaves in the dry season, with evergreen trees and shrubs making up 2.5 to 10% of the total mass of plants.

## Ecoregions

Three Acacia–Commiphora ecoregions are recognized.
* Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets – northwestern, central, and southwestern Kenya, southwestern Somalia, and southeastern South Sudan
* Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets – southeastern Ethiopia, northeastern Kenya, and central Somalia
* Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets – southwestern Kenya and northern and central Tanzania
# 1998 in Cape Verde

The following lists events that happened during 1998 in Cape Verde.

## Incumbents

* President: António Mascarenhas Monteiro
* Prime Minister: Carlos Veiga

## Events

* Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde (Cape Verdean Stock Exchange) established in Praia
* Cabo Verde Express airline established
* May 11: Gualberto do Rosário becomes Deputy Prime Minister
* September 28: a TACV de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter (registered D4-CAX) crash-landed at Francisco Mendes International Airport in Praia, killing one
* November: Labour and Solidarity Party (Partido de Trabalho e Solidariedade, PTS) established

## Sports

* CS Mindelense won the Cape Verdean Football Championship

## Births

* June 14: Jovane Cabral, footballer