OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edwin Perkins

Edwin Perkins may refer to:
* Edwin Perkins (inventor) (1889–1961), American inventor of the Kool-Aid powder drink mix
* Edwin Perkins (politician) (1855–1937), British Conservative Party politician
* Ed Perkins (born 1953), Canadian mathematician
# Curtis Cassell

Rabbi Curtis E Cassell, born Kurt Kassell (8 November 1912 – 8 October 1998), was a rabbi in Germany, the United Kingdom and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). He came to the United Kingdom in 1939 as a refugee from Nazi Germany and became a British citizen in 1946.
Cassell graduated from the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums in Berlin and received his semicha in 1936 from Rabbi Leo Baeck.
He was rabbi at the synagogue in Frankfurt an der Oder in succession to Ignaz Maybaum and, after coming to Britain and serving in the Royal Pioneer Corps, became minister at Glasgow Reform Synagogue from 1944 to 1948 and second minister at West London Synagogue from 1948 to 1957. From 1957 to 1977 he was rabbi of the Progressive Jewish Congregation in Bulawayo, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). In the late 1980s he was visiting rabbi to Bristol & West Progressive Synagogue.
Curtis Cassell and his wife Cecilia had two sons: Charles Elias (Charlie), who was born in 1939 and David, born in 1947.
He died on 8 October 1998 and is buried at Golders Green Jewish Cemetery.
# Orlu, Eure-et-Loir

Orlu (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Gommerville.
# Cuddalore division

Cuddalore division is a revenue division in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India.
# Cut shot

A cut shot is a type of shot in several sports.
* In golf, it is a shot that, for a right-handed golfer, curves from left to right. Unlike a slice, a cut shot is intentional. Compare: fade.
* In pool, it is a shot in which the cue ball strikes the object ball off-center, so as to deflect it at an angle.
* In volleyball, it is a spike (an attack hit) that is hit from the hitter's strong side and travels at a sharp angle across the net. A cut shot is like a cross-court hit except that the ball is hit at a much sharper angle. Cut shots are also a much softer hit ball.
* In cricket, it is a cross-batted shot by the batsman into the off side, usually the point area or backward of point - see Batting (cricket)#Cut
'Cut' and 'shot' are also terms used in film and film editing.
# Orthogonius schaumi

Orthogonius schaumi is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1871.
# Crumbling skull rule

The crumbling skull rule is a well-established legal doctrine used in some tort law systems. It holds that where a plaintiff had a condition or injury that predates the tort and would have naturally deteriorated or worsened over time (e.g. a crumbling skull), the defendant is not responsible to the degree that the condition or injury would have naturally worsened over time. A defendant is only liable for the degree the injury was worsened or the hastening or acceleration of the damage caused by the tort. The crumbling skull rule should not be confused with the related thin skull rule.
The concept is sometimes applied without specific reference to the crumbling skull rule, instead being expressed as a non-absolute application of the thin skull rule.
# Crumbling the Antiseptic Beauty

Crumbling the Antiseptic Beauty is the debut album by the English rock band Felt. Recorded in 1981, it was released in February 1982 by Cherry Red Records. Band leader Lawrence features on the cover.
The opening track "Evergreen Dazed" is instrumental. The second track "Fortune" was later re-recorded and released on the band's 1984 single Sunlight Bathed the Golden Glow. Similarly, a re-recording of "Cathedral" appears on the Primitive Painters single.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Record Collector | |
In an AllMusic album review, critic Tim Sendra rated Crumbling the Antiseptic Beauty with three-and-a-half out five stars noting its "New York City scene of the '70s and the gloomy psychedelia of the '60s" influences, and overall describing it as "skeletal and mysterious". In 2013, the album was ranked at number 34 on Fact magazine's list of The 100 Best Albums of The 1980s.

## Track listing

* Lyrics by Lawrence. Music by Lawrence and Maurice Deebank.

## Personnel

Felt
* Lawrence – vocals, guitar, bass guitar on "I Worship the Sun"
* Maurice Deebank – electric guitar, bass guitar on "Birdmen" and "Templeroy"
* Nick Gilbert – bass guitar on "Fortune" and "Cathedral"
* Gary Ainge – drums
# Edward James (disambiguation)

Edward James (1907–1984) was a British poet and art patron.
Edward James may also refer to:
* Edward James (barrister) (1807–1867), English barrister
* Edward James (priest) (1569–1610?), Welsh priest and translator
* Edward James (historian) (born 1947), Professor of medieval history at University College Dublin
* Edward James (judge) (1757–1841), judge and politician in Nova Scotia
* Edward James (martyr) (c. 1557–1588), English Catholic priest and martyr
* Edward James (Nova Scotia politician) (1825–1909), politician in Nova Scotia, Canada
* Edward Holton James (1873–1954), American socialist
* Ed James (DJ) (born 1976), British radio DJ
* Ed James (writer) (1908–1995), American writer and creator of the U.S. sitcom Father Knows Best
* Ed James (Jurassic Park), a fictional character in the Jurassic Park franchise
* Eddie James (born 1961), American murderer

## Sports

* Eddie James (Canadian football) (1907–1958), Canadian football running back
* Eddy James (1874–1937), Australian rules footballer
* Edward James (cricketer) (1896–1975), Welsh cricketer
# 1-Octanol

1-Octanol, also known as octan-1-ol, is the organic compound with the molecular formula CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_7$OH. It is a fatty alcohol. Many other isomers are also known generically as octanols. 1-Octanol is manufactured for the synthesis of esters for use in perfumes and flavorings. It has a pungent odor. Esters of octanol, such as octyl acetate, occur as components of essential oils. It is used to evaluate the lipophilicity of pharmaceutical products.

## Preparation

Octanol is mainly produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products. This route is known as the Ziegler alcohol synthesis. An idealized synthesis is shown:
    Al(C$_2$H$_5$)$_3$ + 9 C$_2$H$_4$ → Al(C$_8$H$_{17}$)$_3$
    Al(C$_8$H$_{17}$)$_3$ + 3 O + 3 H$_2$O → 3 HOC$_8$H$_{17}$ + Al(OH)$_3$
The process generates a range of alcohols, which can be separated by distillation.
The Kuraray process defines an alternative route to 1-octanol, but using C4 + C4 building strategy. 1,3-Butadiene is dimerized concomitant with the addition of one molecule of water. This conversion is catalyzed by palladium complexes. The resulting doubly unsaturated alcohol is then hydrogenated.

## Water/octanol partitioning

Octanol and water are immiscible. The distribution of a compound between water and octanol is used to calculate the partition coefficient, P, of that molecule (often expressed as its logarithm to the base 10, log P). Water/octanol partitioning is a relatively good approximation of the partitioning between the cytosol and lipid membranes of living systems.
Many dermal absorption models consider the stratum corneum/ water partition coefficient to be well approximated by a function of the water/octanol partition coefficient of the form:
    $\log(K_{sc/w})=a+b\log(K_{w/o})$
Where a and b are constants, $K_{sc/w}$ is the stratum corneum/water partition coefficient, and $K_{w/o}$ is the water/octanol partition coefficient. The values of a and b vary between papers, but Cleek & Bunge have reported the values a = 0, b = 0.74.

## Properties and uses

With a flash point of 81 °C, 1-octanol is not seriously flammable, though its autoignition temperature is as low as 245 °C. 1-Octanol is mainly consumed as a precursor to perfumes. It has been examined for controlling essential tremor and other types of involuntary neurological tremors because evidence indicates it can relieve tremor symptoms at lower doses than are required to obtain a similar level of symptomatic relief from consumption of ethanol, thereby reducing the risk alcohol intoxication at therapeutic dosages.
1-Octanol hydrogen bonds to Lewis bases. It is a Lewis acid in the ECW model and its acid parameters are E$_A$ = 0.85 and C $_A$ = 0.87.
# Edward Mosley

Edward Mosley may refer to:
* Edward Mosley (MP for Preston) (died 1638), English lawyer and politician
* Sir Edward Mosley, 2nd Baronet (1639–1665), English politician
# Cuticura soap

Cuticura soap is an antibacterial medicated soap respectively manufactured and marketed in the United States by Cuticura Labs Inc. and in the United Kingdom by Karium Ltd. (formerly Godrej UK).
Cuticura soap was originally manufactured in Boston, Massachusetts by Potter Drug and Chemical Company. Noted Boston philanthropist George Robert White (1847-1922) was once the president and owner of Potter Drug and Chemical Company. Cuticura soap has been in use, and is relatively unchanged, since 1865.

## Reviews

In 1908, the British Medical Journal investigated the advertising of nostrums for the treatment of skin diseases. As reported by the American Medical Association it was implied that Cuticura soap could be effective in the treatment of syphilis when prepared as an internal remedy known as Cuticura Resolvent. The medical community considered the proposed remedy to contain insufficient potassium iodide to be effective in the treatment of the disease.
In 1914, Good Housekeeping ran an analysis of a large number of household products including Cuticura soap. They concluded that Cuticura was,
    "A good grade of soap containing a small quantity of prussian blue and probably a little phenol. Prussian blue has been recommended for skin diseases. Excessive claims made for Cuticura as to the prevention and treatment of skin eruptions, are not warranted by its composition."
# Cryptobotys

Cryptobotys is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1956. It is monotypic, with its only species, Cryptobotys zoilusalis, described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Central America (Honduras, Costa Rica, Mexico) and the southern United States, where it has been recorded from Florida.

## Description

Adults are cinereous (ash gray) with whitish interior and exterior lines, slightly bordered with brownish. The marginal line is brownish. Adults have been recorded on wing from February to August and from November to December in Florida.

## Behaviour and ecology

The larvae feed on Xanthium strumarium.
# Cryptocala

Cryptocala is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

* Cryptocala acadiensis (Bethune, 1870)
* Cryptocala chardinyi (Boisduval, 1829)
# Otgar

Otgar, Otger or Odgar is a Germanic masculine given name (from Proto-Germanic *Audawakraz). It may refer to:
* Saint Otger [nl] (fl. 8th century), missionary
* Autchar (fl. 8th century), Frankish nobleman
* Otgar of Mainz, archbishop (826–847)
* Otgar [de], bishop of Eichstätt (847–880)
* Hoger (died 906), abbot and music theorist
* Otgar, founding abbot of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières (937–940)
* Otgar, bishop of Speyer (962–970)
* Otger of Girona [ca], Catalan count (c.862–c.872)
* Otger Cataló, figure of Catalan legend
# Ceratinopsidis

Ceratinopsidis is a monotypic genus of North American dwarf spiders containing the single species, Ceratinopsidis formosa. It was first described by S. C. Bishop & C. R. Crosby in 1930, and has only been found in United States.
# Mount Pleasant Carnegie Library

The Mount Pleasant Carnegie Library, at 24 E. Main St. in Mount Pleasant, Utah, was built as a Carnegie library in 1917. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
It was designed by architects Ware & Treganza in Prairie School style.
It is the only Carnegie library without a centered front door; consistent with Prairie Style the entrance is instead indirect, in this case through sides of a bay projecting to the front.
It was built by local contractors Bent R. Hansen, August Larsen, and John Stansfield.
# N815 highway

National Route 815 (N815) is a national secondary route that forms part of the Philippine highway network, connecting the city of Cebu and the municipality of Balamban. There are four components of the route, namely: Juan Luna Avenue, Pope John Paul II Avenue, Salinas Drive, Veterans Drive and the Cebu–Balamban Transcentral Highway.

## Route description

N815 begins as Juan Luna Avenue from a junction with Sergio Osmeña Avenue (N840) in the North Reclamation Area within Mabolo.
The route continues as Pope John Paul II Avenue after crossing M.J. Cuenco Avenue/Cebu North Road (N8). It continues as Salinas Drive after passing underneath the Archbishop Reyes–M. Cuenco flyover through the Lahug-Kasambagan border.
N815 passes a junction with Wilson Street, which is used to access the partially-restricted Lower Torralba Street inside of Camp Lapu-Lapu, the regional military headquarters.
The route continues as Veterans Drive after a three-way intersection with Salinas Drive and Gorordo Avenue. It traverses the Central Cebu Protected Landscape and continues as the Cebu-Balamban Transcentral Highway once it leaves the boundary limits of Cebu City, entering Balamban. It terminates within the Balamban municipality proper at a junction with Toledo–Tabuelan–San Remigio Road (N820).

### Hazards

This road has many turns and is prone to accidents. It is also notorious for landslides that often happen during or after heavy downpours. One of the landslides left 11 vehicles damaged in 2017. The road has numerous stretches of ascending and descending portions. A bus fell off a 30-meter (98 ft) ravine after a sharp turn; the accident killed 21 foreign medical students.
# The Austin Sessions (Kris Kristofferson album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Austin Sessions is a studio album by Kris Kristofferson, released on Atlantic Records in 1999. It features stripped-down versions of Kristofferson's most famous material, including "Me and Bobby McGee", "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down" and "Help Me Make It Through the Night". Several well-known artists contributed vocals to the album, including Steve Earle, Jackson Browne, Matraca Berg, Vince Gill, Marc Cohn, Alison Krauss, Catie Curtis and Mark Knopfler.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Kris Kristofferson except where noted.
* "Me and Bobby McGee" (Kristofferson, Fred Foster) – 4:31
* "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down" – 5:20
* "For the Good Times" – 3:59
* "The Silver Tongued Devil and I" – 3:37
* "Help Me Make It Through the Night" – 4:10
* "Loving Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)" – 5:18
* "To Beat the Devil" – 4:30
* "Who's to Bless and Who's to Blame" – 3:29
* "Why Me" – 2:58
* "Nobody Wins" – 4:05
* "The Pilgrim, Chapter 33" – 2:41
* "Please Don't Tell Me How the Story Ends" – 2:38

## Personnel

* Kris Kristofferson – vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica
* Mike Baird – drums
* Matraca Berg – harmony vocals
* Jackson Browne – harmony vocals
* Stephen Bruton – mandolin
* Marc Cohn – harmony vocals
* Jim Cox – keyboards, accordion
* Catie Curtis – harmony vocals
* Steve Earle – harmony vocals
* Paul Franklin – steel guitar
* Vince Gill – harmony vocals
* Alison Krauss – harmony vocals
* Fred Mollin – harmonica, bass drum, 12-string guitar
* Larry Paxton – bass, guitar, mandolin
* Joe Spivey – fiddle
* John Willis – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, slide guitar, resonator guitar
* Mark Linett – recording engineer

## Charts

Chart performance for The Austin Sessions :
| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Albums (RPM) | 10 |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 26 |
# E. Allan Wendt

E. Allan Wendt (born 1935) is an American diplomat. He was the first United States Ambassador to Slovenia from 1993 to 1995.

## Biography

Wendt was born in 1935 in Illinois. He joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1959. On January 31, 1968, he was the duty officer serving at the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, South Vietnam, when it was attacked by Vietcong guerrillas.
On August 25, 1992, Wendt became the chargé d'affaires ad interim at the newly established U.S. Embassy in Ljubljana, Slovenia. On May 15, 1993, he was appointed by President Clinton to become the U.S. Ambassador to Slovenia, and he presented his credentials on May 26, 1993. He was superseded on September 12, 1995.
Wendt holds a Master of Public Administration (economics) from Harvard, a Certificat d’Etudes Politiques from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris, and a BA magna cum laude from Yale.
# 1522 in India

Events from the year 1522 in India.

## Events

* 22 January – Duarte de Menezes becomes governor of Portuguese India (until 1524)
* The Portuguese arrive in Chennai and made a port named São Tomé after the Christian apostle, St. Thomas.

## Births

* 4 August – Maharana Udai Singh, king of Mewar and the founder of the city of Udaipur, (died 1572)
# Nomad.NET

Nomad.NET is a freeware orthodox file manager (OFM) for Microsoft Windows. Some features include a built-in FTP client, archive file navigation, folder comparison and synchronization, and a multi-file renaming tool. In addition to being an orthodox file manager, Nomad.NET features two-windowed mode, tree window for each panel, horizontal and vertical splitting of the windows, tab browsing etc.
Nomad.NET is developed with support for multi-threading, taking advantage of multi-core CPUs. Nomad.NET requires Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 or higher.

## Features

The following are the main features of the program:
* Full Unicode support.
* Tabbed interface.
* Bookmarks system.
* Powerful search engines, including definition of complex search rules, searching in hex, duplicates search.
* Powerful filtering system, based on the same core as search.
* Customizable visual themes and icon packs.
* Customizable paneling system: single panel or dual panel mode (horizontal or vertical). Each panel can have its own tree view that can be hidden or displayed horizontally or vertically.
* Full internal support for many archive types (using 7-Zip libraries). Program can also handle WCX Total Commander plug-in.
* FTP folders support.
* Drag and drop from explorer.
* Clipboard handling.
* Support for shell shortcuts, URL shortcuts (FTP only) and even shell folder shortcuts.
# Charlie Morgan

Charlie Morgan may refer to:
* Charlie Morgan (musician) (born 1955), English musician, singer and songwriter
* Charlie Morgan (cricketer) (born 1989), English cricketer
* Charlie Morgan (soccer) (born 1962), American soccer defender
* Charlie Morgan (wrestler) (born 1992), English professional wrestler
* Charley Morgan (born 1929), sailboat racer and designer
* Charlie Morgan, stage name of Charlie Feathers, English musician
# Charlie Havens

Charles William Havens (July 12, 1903 – May 12, 1996) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, baseball. He played professionally as a center and tackle for one season, in 1930, with the Frankford Yellow Jackets of the National Football League (NFL). Havens served two stints as the head football coach at Western Maryland College—now known as a McDaniel College—from 1935 to 1941 and again from 1946 to 1956, compiling a record of 77–65–6. He was the head baseball coach at Western Maryland for five one-year stints, in 1935, 1938, 1941, 1947, and 1957. Havens also served as the head basketball coach at Western Maryland during the 1934–35 season.
Havens was born and raised in Rome, New York. He died of kidney failure, on May 12, 1996, at Asbury Methodist Village in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

## Head coaching record
### College football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Western Maryland Green Terror (Independent) (1935–1940) ||||||
| 1935 | Western Maryland | 6–5 | | |
| 1936 | Western Maryland | 7–3–1 | | |
| 1937 | Western Maryland | 3–6 | | |
| 1938 | Western Maryland | 5–2–1 | | |
| 1939 | Western Maryland | 1–6 | | |
| 1940 | Western Maryland | 2–4–1 | | |
| 1941 | Western Maryland | 3–4–1 | | |
| Western Maryland Green Terror (Mason–Dixon Conference) (1946–1956) ||||||
| 1946 | Western Maryland | 5–2 | 4–1 | 3rd |
| 1947 | Western Maryland | 4–3–1 | | |
| 1948 | Western Maryland | 5–2 | 4–1 | 3rd |
| 1949 | Western Maryland | 7–1 | 4–0 | 1st |
| 1950 | Western Maryland | 6–2 | 3–0 | 2nd |
| 1951 | Western Maryland | 8–0 | 3–0 | 2nd |
| 1952 | Western Maryland | 4–4 | 1–2 | T–3rd |
| 1953 | Western Maryland | 4–3–1 | 2–0–1 | 2nd |
| 1954 | Western Maryland | 4–4 | 1–1 | 3rd |
| 1955 | Western Maryland | 2–6 | 0–2 | T–5th |
| 1956 | Western Maryland | 1–8 | 0–3 | 6th |
| Western Maryland: | Western Maryland: | 77–65–6 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 77–65–6 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Deffenbaugh Site

The Deffenbaugh Site is an archaeological site in southwestern Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in Nicholson Township west of the borough of Smithfield, it was once occupied by a village of the Monongahela people.$^{:2}$

## Location

The Deffenbaugh Site occupies a saddle between two low hills; its elevation is approximately 1,140 feet (350 m), while the hills rise to approximately 1,200 feet (370 m).$^{:5}$ Rising in a valley immediately southeast of the site is a spring that feeds York Run;$^{:2}$ via Georges Creek, this stream is a tributary of the Monongahela River. Land in the vicinity of the site is a mix of cleared and wooded areas; the site itself is clear of trees.

## Profile

Like other Monongahela villages, the Deffenbaugh Site is believed to consist of the remains of circular houses built around a central plaza and surrounded by a defensive stockade. Like many other Monongahela villages, the site occupies a location atop a ridge; this location was likely chosen for its defensive value, as the Monongahela were a warlike people who frequently fought among themselves. The residents may have been related to those of villages excavated in Somerset County to the east, who produced pottery similar to that found at Deffenbaugh. Additionally, the site may be related to other sites in Fayette County; while pottery samples for identification purposes are lacking, it is known that at least two other Monongahela villages occupied hilltops within 4 miles (6.4 km) of Deffenbaugh.$^{:3}$

## Excavations

The first study of the Deffenbaugh Site, published in 1931, reported the excavations of local archaeologist George Fisher, who recorded the discovery of bone beads and the burial of a child. After this minimal investigation, the next work at the site was carried out in the 1960s by Donald Tanner of the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. His test excavations revealed pottery, bits of bones, and shells, as well as the remnants of a tramway. A further study, conducted in 1980, revealed that the tramway had significantly damaged part of the site. Despite this disturbance, it was rated to be in fine condition overall; because surface mining has disrupted wide areas of Fayette County, sites such as Deffenbaugh are extremely rare and thus of great value.$^{:2}$
In 1984, the Deffenbaugh Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its information-yielding potential.