OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter Glotz

Peter Glotz (6 March 1939 – 25 August 2005) was a German social democratic politician and social scientist.

## Biography

Peter Glotz was born in Cheb, Czechoslovakia, to a German father and a Czech mother. His father, an insurance clerk joined the Nazi Party and administered a small "Aryanized" Jewish factory in Prague. His family was expelled from Czechoslovakia in September 1945 and settled in Franconia. He studied Journalism, Philosophy, Germanistics, and Sociology at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the University of Vienna, and became a doctor of philosophy in 1968.
Glotz became director of Ludwig Maximilian University in 1969 and a member of the Landtag of Bavaria in 1970. He was a member of the German parliament from 1972 to 1977 and a parliamentary state secretary of the Federal Minister for Education and Research from 1974 until 1977.
From 1977 to 1981 Glotz was a senator for science and research in the state of Berlin, and became a member of the parliament again in 1983, resigning in 1996. He was secretary general of the SPD from 1981 to 1987. Glotz then became founding director of the University of Erfurt (1996–1999) and professor of communication sciences.
From January 2000 until he died in Zürich, Glotz was a Professor of media and society at the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland. In 2002, he was a representative of the German Chancellor to the European Convention. With Erika Steinbach, he was chairman of the Centre Against Expulsions Foundation.

## Selected works

* Der Weg der Sozialdemokratie – the author takes on the ardent young socialists in his constituency
* Die deutsche Rechte, Eine Streitschrift, DVA
* Der Irrweg des Nationalstaats. Europäische Reden an ein deutsches Publikum, DVA
* Manifest für eine Neue Europäische Linke, Wolf Jost Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1985 – Manifesto for a new European left
* “Democracy? The Threatened Utopia: An Interview with Norberto Bobbio”. Telos 82 (Winter 1989–90). New York: Telos Press.
* Die Linke nach dem Sieg des Westens, DVA 1992
* Die beschleunigte Gesellschaft: Kulturkämpfe im digitalen Kapitalismus, Kindler 1999
* Von Analog nach Digital: Unsere Gesellschaft auf dem Weg zur digitalen Kultur, Huber 2000
* Ron Sommer: Der Weg der Telekom, Hoffmann und Campe 2001
* Die Vertreibung – Böhmen als Lehrstück, Ullstein 2003
# Natalya Karimova

Natalya Karimova (born 28 February 1974) is a Russian cyclist. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# 1934 Morningside Maroons football team

The 1934 Morningside Maroons football team was an American football that represented Morningside College as a member of the during the Iowa Conference and North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1934 college football season. Led by 23rd-year head coach Jason M. Saunderson, the Maroons compiled an overall record of 4–3–1 with a mark of 1–2 in Iowa Conference play, placing ninth, and 2–1–1 against NCC opponents, tying for second place.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 22 | Western Union | Sioux City, IA | W 46–0 | |
| September 29 | Wayne State (NE)* | Stock Yards ParkSioux City, IA | W 13–6 | 1,800 |
| October 6 | South Dakota State | Stock Yards ParkSioux City, IA | W 13–7 | |
| October 12 | at North Dakota | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND | L 0–25 | |
| October 20 | North Dakota Agricultural | Sioux City, IA | T 12–12 | 3,000 |
| November 3 | at South Dakota | Inman FieldVermillion, SD | W 14–0 | 5,000 |
| November 10 | at Buena Vista | Storm Lake, IA | L 6–7 | |
| November 17 | at Iowa State Teachers | Cedar Falls, IA | L 2–32 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# David Goodnow

David Clay Goodnow (born October 20, 1939, in Vincennes, Indiana), is an American journalist known for his work as an anchor on CNN Headline News.

## Biography

He is a 1957 graduate of Vincennes Lincoln High School, and a member of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity. He got his start in broadcasting on the AM side of WAKO-FM in September 1959 and in 1961, he moved to WAOV, a radio station in Vincennes, Indiana. He then moved to the television side of the business first taking a job at WTVW in Evansville, Indiana and later WTHI-TV in Terre Haute, Indiana. From 1982 until 2000, he worked as an anchor for CNN Headline News, one of the original anchors at their Atlanta International Headquarters.
As of 2016, he resides outside of Atlanta, Georgia.

## Freemasonry

Goodnow was a member of DeMolay, and is in the DeMolay International Hall of Fame, and is also a member of the DeMolay Legion of Honor. He was raised a Master Mason in Lessing Lodge No. 464 in Evansville, Indiana. He also received the 33° in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction and the Caleb B. Smith award from the Grand Lodge of Indiana.
# Paglieta

Paglieta (Abruzzese: Pajéte) is a comune (municipality) and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy.
# Chuxiong fire-bellied newt

The Chuxiong fire-bellied newt (Cynops cyanurus) is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae that is endemic to China where it is only found in Guizhou and Yunnan. It also occurs in Kunming Lake.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, and irrigated land. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# 1922–23 Army Cadets men's basketball team

The 1922–23 Army Cadets men's basketball team represented the United States Military Academy (known as "Army" for their sports teams) during the 1922–23 intercollegiate basketball season in the United States. The team finished the season with a 17–0 record and was retroactively named the national champion by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll. It was head coach Harry Fisher's second season coaching the team.
# 1934 Murray State Thoroughbreds football team

The 1934 Murray State Thoroughbreds football team was an American football team that represented Murray State Teachers College—now known as Murray State University—as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1934 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Roy Stewart, the Thoroughbreds compiled an overall record of 6–3 with a mark of 5–2 in conference play, placing tenth in the SIAA.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 29 | Lambuth* | Murray High SchoolMurray, KY | W 48–0 | |
| October 5 | Stetson | Murray, KY | W 19–7 | |
| October 12 | at Millsaps | Jackson, MS | L 6–7 | 4,000 |
| October 20 | Tennessee Tech | Murray, KY | W 40–7 | |
| October 27 | Birmingham–Southern* | College StadiumMurray, KY | L 7–20 | 4,200 |
| November 2 | Union (TN) | College StadiumMurray, KY | W 19–0 | |
| November 10 | at Middle Tennessee State Teachers | Murfreesboro, TN | W 12–0 | |
| November 17 | Western Kentucky State Teachers | College StadiumMurray, KY | W 27–14 | 5,000 |
| November 29 | at Mississippi State Teachers | Faulkner FieldHattiesburg, MS | L 2–12 | |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# David Marcus

David Marcus may refer to:
* Mickey Marcus (David Daniel Marcus, 1901–1948), American-Israeli soldier
* David Marcus (writer) (1924–2009), Irish Jewish editor and writer
* David A. Marcus (born 1973), American entrepreneur, co-creator of Facebook's Diem
* David Marcus (equestrian) (born 1980), Canadian Olympic dressage rider
* David Marcus (Star Trek), a character in Star Trek
# Paglo

Paglo was an information technology management software as a service company that provided a search engine for IT and logs. It was designed for IT professionals and Managed Service Providers (MSPs), and it allowed them to discover all of their IT data and solve computer, network, and user problems. The company was launched on November 19, 2007. It was bought by Citrix Online.
Paglo consisted of three key components: Paglo Crawler, Paglo Search Index, and Paglo UI. Users downloaded the open source Paglo Crawler to run on their network on any desktop computer or server. It crawled their network and IT assets and gathered information, which it then securely uploaded to each user’s private Paglo Search Index. Windows event logs were also collected via the Crawler and Unix logs were sent directly into the Paglo Search Index via Syslog-ng or Rsyslog.
Via a browser and the Paglo UI, users accessed their account to query their Paglo Search Index, to display the results as charts, lists, or tables. Users could save queries onto a Dashboard that continuously self-updated as the Crawler uploaded fresh data. Users could also save their queries and Dashboard views for the community to use. The company termed this communal aspect of Paglo, "Social Solving"
Paglo was headquartered in Menlo Park, California. The name Paglo is in honor of the fictitious, 17th-century Italian explorer Francisco Paglo].

## History

Paglo was founded in July 2007, after Brian de Haaff and Chris Waters led the sale of Network Chemistry's wireless security business to Aruba Networks. Paglo also includes two network troubleshooting and management tools developed by Paglo's founders, Packetyzer and RogueScanner.
The company entered a private beta period in late January 2008.
On May 27, 2008 the public beta of service was opened. In January 2009, the company released the service. On June 30, 2009 the company released the first cloud-based log search engine. Users could use Syslog-ng or Rsyslog to send log data directly to Paglo.
In 2010, Paglo was acquired by Citrix Online. Its technology was integrated into the GoToAssist line of products.
# Actinoptera tuckeri

Actinoptera tuckeri is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Actinoptera of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

South Africa, Madagascar.
# Oceania Combined Events Championships

The Oceania Combined Events Championships are an annual athletics competition organized by the Oceania Athletics Association (OAA) for athletes representing the countries of its member associations in men's decathlon and women's heptathlon. They were established in 2011. The 2013 edition was held alongside the 2013 Oceania Area Championships.

## Editions

| | Year | City | Country | Date |
| I | 2011 | Townsville, Queensland | Australia | June 11–12 |
| II | 2012 | Townsville, Queensland | Australia | May 5–6 |
| III | 2013 | Papeete, Tahiti | French Polynesia | June 3–5 |
| IV | 2014 | Melbourne, Victoria | Australia | April 3–4 |
| V | 2015 | Cairns, Queensland | Australia | May 8–10 |

## Results

Results can be found on the OAA and on the Athletics Australia websites.

### Men's Decathlon

| Year | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 2011 | Jarrod Sims Australia | 7045 pts | Lars Fa'apoi Tonga | 4483 pts | Vea Toutou'ofa Tonga | 4460 pts |
| 2012 | Nicholas Gerrard New Zealand | 6403 pts | Aaron Page Australia | 6010 pts | Lars Fa'apoi Tonga | 5412 pts |
| 2013 | Nicholas Gerrard New Zealand | 6807 pts | Andrew Hodges Australia | 6573 pts | Aaron Page Australia | 5861 pts |
| 2014 | Jake Stein Australia | 7564 pts | Stephen Cain Australia | 7493 pts | Kyle Cranston Australia | 7390 pts |
| 2015 | Brent Newdick New Zealand | 7140 pts | Aaron Booth New Zealand | 6183 pts | Alex Mander New Zealand | 5919 pts |

### Women's Heptathlon

| Year | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 2011 | Soko Salaniqiqi Fiji | 4283 pts | Breanna Hargrave Australia | 4147 pts | Eunice Steven Papua New Guinea | 3927 pts |
| 2013 | Elana Withnall New Zealand | 4348 pts | Mafi Mapa Tonga | 3000 pts | Ana Katiloka Tonga | 2625 pts |
| 2014 | Sophie Stanwell Australia | 5621 pts | Portia Bing New Zealand | 5504 pts | Ashleigh Hamilton Australia | 5347 pts |
| 2015 | Sarah Wood Australia | 5052 pts | Tori West Australia | 4841 pts | Merissa Colledge Australia | 4186 pts |
# 1248 in Italy

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive An incomplete list of events in Italy in 1248:

## Events

* Battle of Parma
* University of Piacenza recognized as a university
* Viam agnoscere veritatis (1248)

## Deaths

* Taddeo da Suessa, jurist

## Births

* Angela of Foligno
* This Italian history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This year in Europe article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Diffractive beam splitter

The diffractive beam splitter (also known as multispot beam generator or array beam generator) is a single optical element that divides an input beam into multiple output beams. Each output beam retains the same optical characteristics as the input beam, such as size, polarization and phase. A diffractive beam splitter can generate either a 1-dimensional beam array (1xN) or a 2-dimensional beam matrix (MxN), depending on the diffractive pattern on the element. The diffractive beam splitter is used with monochromatic light such as a laser beam, and is designed for a specific wavelength and angle of separation between output beams.

## Applications

Normally, a diffractive beam splitter is used in tandem with a focusing lens so that the output beam array becomes an array of focused spots on a plane at a given distance from the lens, called the "working distance". The focal length of the lens, together with the separation angle between the beams, determines the separation distance between the focused spots. This simple optical set-up is used in a variety of high-power laser research and industrial applications that typically include:
   * Laser scribing (solar cells)
   * Glass dicing (LCD displays)
   * Perforation (cigarette filters)
   * Beam sampling (Power monitoring and control)
   * 3-D motion sensing (Example)
   * Medical/aesthetic applications (skin treatment)

## Design principle

The theory of operation is based on the wave nature of light and Huygens' Principle (See also Diffraction). Designing the diffractive pattern for a beam splitter follows the same principle as a diffraction grating, with a repetitive pattern etched on the surface of a substrate. The depth of the etching pattern is roughly on the order of the wavelength of light in the application, with an adjustment factor related to the substrate's index of refraction. The etching pattern is composed of "periods" – identical sub-pattern units that repeat cyclically. The width d of the period is related to the separation angle θ between output beams according to the grating equation:
    $d\sin \theta _{m}=m\lambda$
m represents the order of the diffracted beam, with the zero order output simply being the undiffracted continuation of the input beam.
While the grating equation determines the direction of the output beams, it does not determine the distribution of light intensity among those beams. The power distribution is defined by the etching profile within the unit period, which can involve many (not less than two) etching transitions of varying duty cycles.
In a 1-dimensional diffractive beam splitter, the diffractive pattern is linear, while a 2-dimensional element will have a complex pattern.
For information on manufacturing process, see lithography.
# Peter Hulme-Cross

Peter Hulme-Cross is a British politician who was a Member of the London Assembly (AM) for Londonwide from 2004 to 2008. He was also a member of the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority.

## Career

He was one of the United Kingdom Independence Party's first two members of the London Assembly, having been elected to that body in the 2004 Assembly elections on the UKIP party list. On 31 January 2005 it was announced that he was defecting to the breakaway Veritas, along with fellow UKIP Assembly member Damian Hockney, although Hulme-Cross did not leave UKIP. Later that year, following a disappointing showing for Veritas in the 2005 General Election, Hockney and Hulme-Cross renamed their group on the London Assembly "Veritas-UKIP". However, UKIP complained that this had been done without their consent and refused to renew Hulme-Cross's membership.
Hulme-Cross and Hockney founded the One London Party on 1 September 2005 and renamed the London Assembly group One London.
In November 2005 he was rapporteur on the London Assembly Transport Committee report into the Public Carriage Office entitled "Where to, Guv?"
In October 2006 he was rapporteur on the London Assembly Environment Committee report into the provision of allotments in London entitled "A Lot to Lose - London's disappearing allotments". He subsequently launched an official GLA website detailing all allotment provision in London.
In March 2008 he was rapporteur on the London Assembly Transport Committee report into rogue minicabs entitled "Tackling taxi touting in London". He and Hockney failed to keep their seats in the May 2008 elections.
Hulme-Cross has been a longstanding member of the Sylvan Debating Club.
# Nathaniel Archibald

Nathaniel Archibald may refer to:
* Nathaniel Archibald (basketball, born 1952) (1952–2018), American college basketball player at Alcorn State
* Nate Archibald (born 1948), American professional basketball player inducted into Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
* Nate Archibald (Gossip Girl), fictional character in the best-selling book series
# Elsieskraal River

The Elsieskraal River (Afrikaans Elsieskraalrivier) is a small river that flows through the Cape Town metropolitan area, in South Africa. It rises in the Tygerberg Hills and flows in a generally south westerly direction to its confluence with the Black River just south of Pinelands. 65% of the course of the Elsieskraal River has been canalised to prevent flooding. Its catchment is part of the Central Management Area of the City of Cape Town. As most of the catchment area is urbanised and the river receives rapid runoff from roads, roofs and other impermeable surfaces it is prone to rapid increases in discharge after rain.
# Actinoptera tatarica

Actinoptera tatarica is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Actinoptera of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Mongolia, China.
# Dystrichothorax reidi

Dystrichothorax reidi is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Baehr in 2004.
# 1939 Pacific Tigers football team

The 1939 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific—now known as the University of the Pacific—in Stockton, California as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1939 college football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pacific compiled an overall record of 6–6–1 with a mark of 2–2 in conference play, placing second in the FWC. The team outscored its opponents 145 to 116 for the season.
Pacific was ranked at No. 138 (out of 609 teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1939.
The Tigers played home games at Baxter Stadium in Stockton.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 23 | South Dakota* | Charles C. Hughes StadiumSacramento, CA | W 6–0 | |
| September 30 | at California* | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | W 6–0 | |
| October 6 | at Loyola (CA)* | Gilmore StadiumLos Angeles, CA | T 13–13 | 10,000 |
| October 20 | San Jose State* | Baxter StadiumStockton, CA | L 3–13 | 15,000 |
| October 27 | California JV* | Baxter StadiumStockton, CA | W 32–7 | |
| November 4 | at Fresno State | Fresno State College StadiumFresno, CA | L 0–7 | 11,227 |
| November 10 | Northern Branch | Baxter StadiumStockton, CA | W 21–12 | |
| November 18 | at Arizona* | Arizona StadiumTucson, AZ | L 7–12 | |
| November 23 | at Chico State | College FieldChico, California | W 31–6 | |
| December 2 | Nevada | Baxter StadiumStockton, CA | L 0–8 | |
| December 7 | at San Diego Marines* | San Diego, CA | L 0–14 | 12,000 |
| December 16 | at Hawaii* | Honolulu StadiumHonolulu, Territory of Hawaii | W 19–6 | 15,000–18,000 |
| December 20 | at Healani Athletic Club* | Honolulu StadiumHonolulu, Territory of Hawaii | L 7–18 | |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# Neurophyseta narcissusalis

Neurophyseta narcissusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in Brazil.
# Nicholas Trivet

Nicholas Trivet (or Trevet, as he himself wrote) (c. 1258 – c. 1328) was an English Anglo-Norman chronicler.

## Life

Trivet was born in Somerset and was the son of Sir Thomas Trevet (died 1283), a judge who came of a Norfolk or Somerset family. Nicholas became a Dominican friar in London, and studied first at Oxford and later in Paris, where he first took an interest in English and French chronicles.
Little is known of the greater part of his life except that at one time he was prior of his order in London, and at another he was teaching at Oxford, also that he was at Santa Maria Novella in Florence.

## Works

Trivet was the author of a large number of theological and historical works and commentaries on the classics, more especially the works of Seneca. A large number of these exist in manuscript in various libraries, but only two appear to have been printed, one being the work by which he is chiefly remembered, the chronicle of the Angevin kings of England; the other was the last twelve books of his commentary on St. Augustine's treatise De civitate dei. The full title of the former work is Annales sex regum Angliae qui a comitibus Andegavensibus originem traxerunt, an important historical source for the period between 1135 and 1307, containing a specially valuable account of the reign of Edward I, who was his contemporary. Trivet also wrote a chronicle in Anglo-Norman, parts of which were printed by Henry Spelman. This contains the tale of Constance, from which the popular tale-type derived its name, and from which Chaucer is believed to have obtained his Man of Law's Tale.
The Annales were published in Paris in 1668, in Oxford in 1719, and were edited by Thomas Hogg for the English Historical Society in 1845. Manuscripts are at Oxford and in the British Museum. Trevet's other historical works are Catalogus regum anglo-saxonum durante heptarchia, and Les Cronicles qe frere N. Trevet escript a dame Marie (Marie was Edward I's daughter Mary of Woodstock). Trivet also wrote a number of works of a theological and philological character.
Trivet also wrote many biblical commentaries, treatises and translations. While over a hundred manuscripts exist, in Latin, French and Italian, of his commentary on Boethius, which in turn influenced Jean de Meun and Chaucer.

## Family

A member of Nicholas' family was Sir Thomas Trivit (died October 1383), a soldier of repute, who saw a good deal of service in France.
# David Spedding

Sir David Rolland Spedding KCMG CVO OBE (7 March 1943 – 13 June 2001) was head of the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1994 to 1999.

## Early life

David Spedding was the son of a Border Regiment lieutenant colonel, and grew up in the middle class. He was initially educated at Sherborne School, then read history at Hertford College, Oxford.

## Career

Spedding joined the Secret Intelligence Service in 1967, while a postgraduate student at Oxford. He then attended the Middle East Center for Arabic Studies in Beirut, becoming a specialist on Middle East affairs. He also served in Santiago and Abu Dhabi.
In 1971 Spedding was named as the local SIS station commander in Lebanon, and was later posted to Abu Dhabi in 1977. Following his Middle East Directorate appointment in 1983, he was made the Amman Jordan station head, and was subsequently commended in that position for uncovering an Abu Nidal plan to assassinate the Queen during an upcoming Jordan visit. For this he was made Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.
In 1993, Spedding became Director of Requirements and Operations. In 1994 he became Chief of the Service, becoming the first chief to have never served in the armed forces, and the youngest to have held the position to that date. During his tenure the SIS faced some degree of negative publicity due to unauthorized disclosures in the wake of Richard Tomlinson's dismissal.
Spedding died of lung cancer on 13 June 2001, aged 58.