OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Muga, Nepal

Muga is a village development committee in Dhankuta District in the Kosi Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4101 people living in 738 individual households.
# Muga

Muga or MUGA may refer to:
* Assam silk
* Bodegas Muga, a Rioja winery
* MUGA scan
* Muga, Nepal, village
* Muga (river), Spain
* Muga River (Ethiopia)
* Multi-use games area
* MUGA World Pro Wrestling
# Copper(I) sulfide

Copper(I) sulfide is a copper sulfide, a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It has the chemical compound Cu$_2$S. It is found in nature as the mineral chalcocite. It has a narrow range of stoichiometry ranging from Cu$_{1.997}$S to Cu$_{2.000}$S. Samples are typically black.

## Preparation and reactions

Cu$_2$S can be prepared by treating copper with sulfur or H$_2$S. The rate depends on the particle size and temperature. Cu$_2$S reacts with oxygen to form SO$_2$:
    2 Cu$_2$S + 3 O$_2$ → 2 Cu$_2$O + 2 SO$_2$
The production of copper from chalcocite is a typical process in extracting the metal from ores. Usually, the conversion involves roasting, to give Cu$_2$O and sulfur dioxide:
    Cu$_2$S + O$_2$ → 2 Cu + SO$_2$
Cuprous oxide readily converts to copper metal upon heating.

## Structure
### Stoichiometric

Two forms (a dimorphism) of Cu$_2$S are known. The so-called low temperature monoclinic form ("low-chalcocite") has a complex structure with 96 copper atoms in the unit cell. The hexagonal form, stable above 104 °C, has 24 crystallographically distinct Cu atoms. Its structure has been described as approximating to a hexagonal close packed array of sulfur atoms with Cu atoms in planar 3 coordination. This structure was initially assigned an orthorhombic cell due to the twinning of the sample crystal.

### Non-stoichiometric

As illustrated by the mineral djurleite, a cuprous sulfide is also known. With the approximate formula Cu$_{1.96}$S, this material is non-stoichiometric (range Cu$_{1.934}$S-Cu$_{1.965}$S) and has a monoclinic structure with 248 copper and 128 sulfur atoms in the unit cell. Cu$_2$S and Cu$_{1.96}$S are similar in appearance and hard to distinguish one from another.

## Phase transition

The electrical resistivity increases abruptly at the phase transition point around 104 °C, with the precise temperature depending on the stoichiometry.
# Myrmecia formosa

Myrmecia formosa is an Australian ant which belongs to the genus Myrmecia. This species is native to Australia. Their distribution in Australia has notably been studied and collected in New South Wales.
Myrmecia formosa is a small species, as the typical size for a worker in the species is only 10–13 millimetres in length. The clypeus, pronotum, mesonotum, and the node is a blood red colour, the gaster, sides of the thorax, half of the head and other features are black, legs are brown, tarsi is a reddish like colour, and the mandibles and antennae are a reddish yellow. This species compared to others is rather unusual with its colours.
# Morris, Georgia

Morris (also Morris Station) is an unincorporated community in southeastern Quitman County, Georgia, United States. Its elevation is 249 feet (76 m). It has a ZIP code of 39867. The community lies a short distance to the south of U.S. Route 82, to the southeast of the city of Georgetown, the county seat of Quitman County.

## History

The Georgia General Assembly incorporated Morris as a town in 1911. The community most likely was named after James Morris, the son of a railroad agent. The municipal charter of Morris was repealed in 1995.
# 1961 Colgate Red Raiders football team

The 1961 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1961 college football season. In its third season under head coach Alva Kelley, the team compiled a 5–4 record. Kenneth Kerr was the team captain.
The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 30 | at Cornell | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY (rivalry) | L 0–34 | 20,000 |
| October 7 | Bucknell | Colgate Athletic FieldHamilton, NY | W 13–0 | 5,200 |
| October 14 | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | W 15–0 | 12,000 |
| October 21 | at Princeton | Palmer StadiumPrinceton, NJ | W 15–0 | 12,000 |
| October 28 | at Yale | Yale BowlNew Haven, CT | W 14–8 | 32,936 |
| November 4 | at Lehigh | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | L 15–20 | 10,000 |
| November 11 | at Syracuse | Archbold StadiumSyracuse, NY (rivalry) | L 8–51 | 25,000 |
| November 18 | Rutgers | Colgate Athletic FieldHamilton, NY | L 6–26 | 8,500 |
| November 23 | at Brown | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | W 30–6 | 5,000 |

## Leading players

Statistical leaders for the 1961 Red Raiders included:
* Rushing: Daniel Keating, 466 yards and 2 touchdowns on 104 attempts
* Passing: Daniel Keating, 495 yards, 35 completions and 4 touchdowns on 83 attempts
* Receiving: James Heilman, 191 yards and 2 touchdowns on 12 receptions
* Total offense: Daniel Keating, 961 yards (495 passing, 466 rushing)
* Scoring: James Heilman, 32 points from 4 touchdowns and 4 two-point conversions
* All-purpose yards: James Heilman, 713 yards (357 rushing, 264 receiving, 210 punt returning, 76 kickoff returning, 17 interception returning)
# Nature Seychelles

Nature Seychelles is a registered non-governmental association in Seychelles dedicated to environmental conservation. It is the national partner of BirdLife International and was formed as the replacement of Birdlife Seychelles in 1998.
It is based on Seychelles' main island, Mahé, and has a second centre on the country's second island, Praslin.
Nature Seychelles manages the Cousin Special Island Reserve, an area covering the 27 hectare Cousin Island and the waters surrounding it up to 400 metres from the high-water mark.
As the last remaining home of the near-extinct Seychelles warbler and as an important breeding site for seabirds, Cousin was purchased by the International Council for Bird Preservation (which later became BirdLife International) in 1968, and established as a nature reserve. Since then, the population of only 26 birds on Cousin Island has expanded to over 2500, with viable populations on Frégate, Cousine and Aride Island.
Conservation activities on Cousin include monitoring of the island's biodiversity, research, re-introduction of endangered species such as the Seychelles magpie-robin, ecotourism, and education. In April 2022, Nature Seychelles announced plans to developed a land-based coral farm on Praslin to produce corals that are more resilient to warming ocean temperatures.
As of December 2022, the chief executive of the NGO is Nirmal Shah.
# Denis Follows

Sir Denis Follows, CBE (13 April 1908 – 17 September 1983) was a British sports administrator. Between 1962 and 1973 he was Secretary of the Football Association (FA) and from 1977 was Chairman of the British Olympic Association. During his tenure as BOA Chairman, he was instrumental in ensuring that British competitors were able to choose whether or not to compete at the 1980 Moscow Olympics. The BOA had come under government pressure to withdraw the team in protest at the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Follows led the party to Moscow as Team Commandant.
Follows was educated at the universities of London and Nottingham, and was President of the National Union of Students between 1931 and 1933. Having been appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1950 Birthday Honours for his work as Secretary of the British Airline Pilots Association, Follows was promoted to Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1967 New Year Honours, and knighted in the 1978 Birthday Honours for services to sport.
In January 1970, while serving as the FA secretary, Follows wrote to the Women's Football Association (WFA) to inform them that the 1921 ban on women's football had been rescinded. He was later appointed an honorary life vice president of the WFA.
# Chaboillez

Chaboillez is a French-Canadian surname. It may refer to:

## People

* Augustin Chaboillez, Canadian priest of Co-Cathedral of Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue (Montreal), 1806–1834
* Charles Chaboillez (1736–1808), French Canadian fur trader
* Louis Chaboillez (1766–1813), notary and politician in Lower Canada
* Marie-Marguerite Chaboillez (born 1775), daughter of Charles Chaboillez and wife of Simon McTavish

## Other uses

* Chaboillez River, a river of Quebec
* Chaboillez Square, a town square in Montreal, Canada
# Chad at the 1968 Summer Olympics

Chad competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico. It was the second appearance of the African nation, which made its debut in 1964.

## Athletics
### Key

* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ahmed Issa | 800 m | 1:49.0 | 4 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
| Ahmed Issa | 1500 m | 3:53.1 | 4 Q | 3:53.2 | 8 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Mahamat Idriss | High jump | 2.06 | 21 | did not advance | did not advance |
| Ahmed Senoussi | High jump | 2.14 | 4 Q | 2.09 | 12 |
# Chadwick, Missouri

Chadwick is an unincorporated community in eastern Christian County, Missouri, United States. The total population of Chadwick Township per the 2020 census was 403. It is located approximately six miles southeast of Sparta along Missouri Route 125. The community of Oldfield is approximately three miles to the north along Route 125. It is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its ZIP code is 65629.
Chadwick is located in the hills of the Ozarks along the south edge of the Springfield Plateau. It sits on a ridge between the East Fork of Bull Creek to the west and Swan Creek to the east.

## History

A post office has been in operation at Chadwick since 1883. The town had its start that year when a subsidiary of the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (Frisco) laid rails from Ozark, Missouri into Chadwick. The community was named for an official of the Frisco. But passenger service on the Frisco line was discontinued in March 1933, and in 1934 the line from Ozark to Chadwick was abandoned entirely.

## Recreation

The Chadwick Motorcycle & ATV Use Area of the Mark Twain National Forest, just to the southwest of town, offers nearly 80 miles of multi-use bike trails which wind in and out of deep, forested hollows and down long ridge tops.
# Karsner-Carroll House

The Karsner-Carroll House (also known as the Oscar Kennedy House) is a historic residence in Florence, Alabama. The lot on which the house sits was purchased in 1818 by James Gadsden; the lot to the west was purchased by his commanding officer in the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson. The house was built sometime before 1830 by B. F. Karsner. In 1902 it was purchased by Dr. George W. Carroll, whose daughter Bertha later lived in the house with her husband Oscar Y. Kennedy.
The house is a rare example of small-form, early 19th-century Federal architecture in the Tennessee Valley. The 1+1⁄2-story cottage is built with 13-inch (33-cm) thick brick exterior walls. On the three-bay façade, the entry door with fanlight occupies the left side, with two large six-over-six sash windows to the right. A pair of arched dormers project from the steeply pitched gable roof. The main block of the house is square, with a covered porch occupying the area behind the entry hall. Two rooms on the other side of the house lead to a narrow wing, containing three rooms, off the rear of the house. A smokehouse still stands behind the house.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
# Chaim Shaul Abud

Chaim Shaul Abud (Hebrew: חיים שאול עבוד‎‎; 1890–1977) was an Israeli poet, rabbi, educator, and philanthropist. Abud was the author of the book "Shirayi Zimra Ha-Shalem", which combines the poetry of Baqashot form the Jewish community of Aleppo (halab or aram tzoba) and songs that he wrote himself. He also served as founder and director of several Torah schools in Jerusalem.

## Early life and education

Abud was born in Aleppo, Syria to a family of rabbis, his father Rabbi Avraham Abud, and his grandfather Rabbi Eliyahu Abud. In his youth, he studied the Torah, Halakhha, and poetry of Baqashot, among the rabbis of Aleppo.

## Career

In 1907, he relocated to Buenos Aires to serve as a cantor (Hazzan) and a school teacher in the Jewish community of the city. In 1929 he came and settled in Jerusalem and founded the Talmud Torah "Nezer Aharon" in the city. He also established and managed a fund loan for the residents of Jerusalem and supported financially at Yeshivat Porat Yosef in the city.

### Baqashot

He was greatly influenced by Arab maqam music and he wrote lyrics Arabic melodies. These melodies were assimilated in the melodies of prayer among the Sephardi Jews. Wrote piyyut and gathered the poetry of Baqashot to a book "Shirayi Zimra Ha-Shalem" and was one of the founders of the shirat h- Baqashot custom on shabbat in Jerusalem.
Rabbi abud taught maqam and piyyut on a volunteer basis until old age. The most famous of his students is Rabbi Ovadia Yosef among others the cantors Moshe Habusha and Yehiel Nahari.

## Personal life

Abud and his wife, Leah, had 12 children. He died in Jerusalem on 7 June 1977. After his death, the Jerusalem City Council decided to honor his memory and named the street where he lived in his name.
# Chaim Tannenbaum

Chaim Tannenbaum is a Canadian folk musician and academic. A longtime collaborator of Kate and Anna McGarrigle and Loudon Wainwright III, he released his own self-titled solo debut album in 2016, and won the Canadian Folk Music Award for Traditional Singer of the Year at the 12th Canadian Folk Music Awards.
Born and raised in Montreal, Quebec, where he was a friend of Kate McGarrigle since high school, Tannenbaum studied philosophy and logic at McGill University and the University of London, and taught philosophy at Dawson College throughout his career. Despite his talent in music and his regular work with Wainwright and the McGarrigles, he made no attempt to record his own music until age 68, after retiring from teaching and moving to New York City. Released by StorySound Records, the album included a few original songs but consisted primarily of his renditions of traditional folk numbers, as well as a cover of the McGarrigles' "(Talk to Me of) Mendocino" recorded as a duet with Wainwright.
In 2017, he followed up with a non-album recording of "America the Beautiful".
# Chandalar Lake Airport

Chandalar Lake Airport (IATA: WCR, ICAO: PALR, FAA LID: WCR) is a state-owned public-use airport located at Chandalar Lake in Alaska. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport.

## Facilities and aircraft

Chandalar Lake Airport covers an area of 211 acres (85 ha) at an elevation of 1,920 feet (585 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 4/22 with a gravel surface measuring 3,000 by 60 feet (914 x 18 m). For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2005, the airport had 300 aircraft operations, an average of 25 per month: 67% general aviation and 33% air taxi.
# Edmonton Open

The Edmonton Open was a golf tournament on the Canadian Tour that was held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1993 as the Klondike Golf Klassic and was held during the week leading up to the Klondike Days summer fair. In 1996 Telus become the tournament's main sponsor and it was re-titled as the ED TEL PLAnet Open, before becoming the Telus Edmonton Open the following year.
The Edmonton Open came to an end after the 2009 edition when it was merged with the ATB Financial Classic, which was played in Edmonton in 2010 and 2012. Edmonton's PGA Tour Canada event since 2016 is the 1932byBateman Open (previously known as the Syncrude Oil Country Championship).

## Winners

| Year | Venue | Winner | Score |
| Telus Edmonton Open |||||
| 2009 | Glendale | James Hahn | 272 (−16) |
| 2008 | Windermere | John Ellis | 266 (−18) |
| 2007 | Edmonton | Dustin Risdon | 265 (−19) |
| 2006 | Glendale | Stephen Gangluff | 272 (−16) |
| 2005 | Edmonton | Matt McQuillan | 267 (−17) |
| 2004 | Derrick | Steve Woodward | 272 (−12) |
| 2003 | Windermere | Rob Johnson | 273 (−11) |
| 2002 | Glendale | Matt Daniel | 267 (−21) |
| 2001 | Edmonton | Aaron Barber | 264 (−20) |
| 2000 | Derrick | Paul Devenport | 270 (−14) |
| 1999 | Mayfair | Ray Stewart | 267 (−17) |
| 1998 | Glendale | Brian Kontak | 208 (−8) |
| 1997 | Windermere | Manny Zerman | 274 (−10) |
| ED TEL PLAnet Open |||||
| 1996 | The Ranch | Trevor Dodds | 265 (−15) |
| Klondike Golf Klassic |||||
| 1995 | The Ranch | Ray Freeman | 265 (−15) |
| 1994 | The Ranch | Ian Hutchings | 275 (−5) |
| 1993 | The Ranch | Tod Power | 271 (−9) |
# Teracolini

Teracolini is a tribe of pierid butterflies in the subfamily Pierinae.
# Tancherfi

Tancherfi is a small town and rural commune in Taourirt Province of the Oriental region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 7452 people living in 1088 households.
# Nalge Nunc International

Nalge Nunc International is a distributor and manufacturer of plastic laboratory containers that has diversified into the field of containers for outdoor sports and packaging materials.

## Background

A subsidiary of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Nalge Nunc International was formed in 1995 by the merger of Nunc A/S of Denmark, founded in 1953, with Nalge Company, which was founded in 1949 in Rochester, New York.
Nalgene is Nalge Nunc's primary plastics product line and includes the Nalgene Outdoor, Nalgene Laboratory and Nalgene Packaging product lines.
The original Nalgene line included such items as jars, bottles, test tubes, graduated cylinders, and Petri dishes helpful to laboratory workers, chemists, and biologists because they were shatterproof and lighter than glass. The properties of the respective plastics make them suitable for work with many materials, in various temperature ranges.
# Chattanooga Classic

Chattanooga Classic may refer to either of two now-defunct golf tournaments:
* Chattanooga Classic (PGA Tour), a PGA Tour event played from 1983 to 1992
* Children's Hospital Classic, a Nationwide Tour event played from 2003 to 2011 and known as the Chattanooga Classic from 2003 to 2010
# Nellie Bly (fireboat)

Nellie Bly was a steam-powered tugboat that served a number of roles in Ontario, Canada.
She was operated in Toronto, performing regular harbour duties, and also serving as a fireboat. She played a role in fighting an important fire in 1906.
Later she was owned by a series of timber companies, that used her to tow logs and scows of logging byproducts on the Magnetawan River and its tributaries. She ran aground and was holed on a rock on Duck Lake, but was quickly repaired.
The Nellie Bly was 52 feet (16 m) long, and her single cylinder steam engine propelled her with a 5 feet (1.5 m) propeller.
# Chestnut-shouldered antwren

The chestnut-shouldered antwren (Euchrepomis humeralis) is a species of bird in subfamily Euchrepomidinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The chestnut-shouldered antwren was described by the English ornithologists Philip Sclater and Osbert Salvin in 1880 and given the binomial name Terenura humeralis. There it remained until the current genus Euchrepomis was created in 2012 following phylogenetic analysis.
The chestnut-shouldered antwren is monotypic.

## Description

The chestnut-shouldered antwren is 9.5 to 11 cm (3.7 to 4.3 in) long and weighs about 7 to 8 g (0.25 to 0.28 oz). The sexes have different plumage. Adult males have a whitish supercilium and a thin dark line through the eye on an otherwise pale gray face. Their crown and nape are black, their back greenish olive, their rump rufous-chestnut, and their uppertail coverts and tail grayish olive. Their wing coverts are blackish gray with whitish tips that form two bars on the closed wing, their flight feathers olive-tinged blackish gray with pale olive-yellow edges, and the bend of the wing rufous-chestnut. Their throat and breast are pale gray and their belly and undertail coverts are pale yellow. Adult females have an olive-brown crown, nape and eyeline, a pale gray supercilium, and dark olive-brown wings with at most a trace of chestnut at the bend.

## Distribution and habitat

The chestnut-shouldered antwren is found from eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru south of the Rio Napo south into northwestern Bolivia and east in Brazil through northern Rondônia and into Amazonas state as far as the Rio Madeira. It inhabits the subcanopy and canopy of terra firme and drier floodplain tropical evergreen forest.

## Behavior
### Movement

The chestnut-shouldered antwren is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.

### Feeding

The chestnut-shouldered antwren feeds on arthropods, though details of its diet are lacking. It typically forages in pairs or small family groups that usually join mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages almost entirely in the forest canopy, acrobatically gleaning prey from leaves and the ends of branches.

### Breeding

Nothing is known about the chestnut-shouldered antwren's breeding biology.
* Songs and calls
* Listen to chestnut-shouldered antwren on xeno-canto

### Vocalization

The chestnut-shouldered antwren's song is "very high, thin, slightly descending, gradually accelerating to a 'fuh-fuh-weet-weet-d-rrr' rattle".

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the chestnut-shouldered antwren as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered fairly common in most of its range and occurs in several protected areas.
# Dendrobium subbilobatum

Dendrobium subbilobatum is a species of orchid found in New Guinea.
# Demirler

Demirler can refer to:
* Demirler, Büyükorhan
* Demirler, Gerede
# Demirköy, Lalapaşa

Demirköy is a village in the Lalapaşa District of Edirne Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 227 in 2022.
# Chenorhamphus

Chenorhamphus is a genus of birds in the Australasian wren family, Maluridae.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The species of the genus Chenorhamphus were formerly classified in the genus Malurus until a 2011 analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA showed high divergence between the two taxa resulting in them being re-split into separate species. The study also found them to lie in a separate clade with the genera Sipodotus and Clytomyias and distinct from the genus Malurus. This led to the subsequent re-classification of the species into their own genus, Chenorhamphus.
The genus contains two species:
* Broad-billed fairywren (Chenorhamphus grayi)
* Campbell's fairywren (Chenorhamphus campbelli)
# Neoconocephalus nebrascensis

Neoconocephalus nebrascensis, the Nebraska conehead, is a species of conehead in the family Tettigoniidae. It is found in North America.
# Neocononicephora storozhenkoi

Neocononicephora storozhenkoi is the type species of the genus Neocononicephora: an Asian bush cricket, belonging to the tribe Meconematini.