OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Lardner

David Ellis Lardner (March 11, 1919 – October 19, 1944) was an editor, a movie critic, and later a war correspondent for The New Yorker magazine. He was the fourth son of humorist Ring Lardner. He was killed when a land mine exploded under the jeep he was riding in while covering the European Theatre of World War II. He had been in Europe for four months.

## Background

David Lardner, the youngest of four sons born to noted writer and humorist Ring Lardner and his wife, Ellis Abbott, remained unnamed for two months after his birth, and his father ran a contest for naming suggestions, none of which were used.
David Lardner became an anonymous reporter and interviewer for "The Talk of the Town" column in The New Yorker in 1939 at the age of 20, as well as a movie reviewer. Shortly after he married his wife Frances, he was given responsibility for another department, "Notes on Sports". His two children, Katharine and Joe, were born while he was writing this column. The "Notes on Sports" column continued intermittently for more than two years but was discontinued permanently when David left to cover World War II in London. He asked for an overseas assignment after being rejected for military service due to poor eyesight.

## Death

Lardner and Russell Hill, correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune, were riding in a jeep from the combat-devastated city of Aachen to a press camp on October 19, 1944. Lardner had only joined the First Army press corps a few days before, on his first war assignment.
Hill suggested that they take a short-cut. The road chosen had just been swept for mines by engineers but the mines had been left stacked by the road for retrieval the following day, and the vehicle swerved into a pile of them. "One report said the jeep touched off a string of seven antivehicular mines."
Lardner was blown from the jeep and knocked unconscious. He died a few hours later in a hospital. Hill was also injured, and the driver was killed. Lardner was 25.
# Orcesis ochreosignata

Orcesis ochreosignata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning and de Jong in 1941.
# Orcha

Orcha may refer to:
* Orcha (Chrono Cross), a character in the PlayStation game Chrono Cross
* Orsha, a city in Belarus
* Orchha, a town in Madhya Pradesh, India, formerly the capital of Orchha State
* Orchha State, a princely state of Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh, India
# Crematogaster abdominalis

Crematogaster abdominalis is a species of ant in tribe Crematogastrini. It was described by Motschoulsky in 1863.
# Edgar, Florida

Edgar is an unincorporated community in Putnam County, Florida, United States, located southwest of the town of Interlachen. Edgar is located along Putnam County Road 20A east of Crossley, Florida, and has a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad spur (which was once the Florida Southern Railway) leading to what is today the CSX Wildwood Subdivision.
# Abrau sprat

The Abrau sprat (Clupeonella abrau) is a species of freshwater fish in the family Clupeidae. It is found landlocked in Russia in a single locality, Lake Abrau, located at 70 m above sea level near the Black Sea coast close to Novorossiysk. The lake is small and has been stocked by several alien species, whence the Abrau sprat is considered critically endangered. As a result of the 2019 expedition, several individuals of the Abrau sprat were caught and their mitocondrial genome were sequenced, which showed their identity with the museum specimens. This confirmed that the C. abrau is present in the fish community and is capable of reproducing in the Lake Abrau.
A sprat of the Lake Apolyont in Turkey, linked to the Sea of Marmara, was earlier treated as a subspecies of the Abrau sprat, Clupeonella abrau muhilisi, but has more recently been considered an independent species Clupeonella muhlisi.

## Sources

* 1 2 Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008). "Clupeonella abrau". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T4985A11106744. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T4985A11106744.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
* ↑ "Species Clupeonella abrau Maliatsky 1930". FishWisePro. 1930. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
* ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). "Clupeonella abrau". FishBase.
* ↑ Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008). "Clupeonella abrau". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. IUCN: e.T4985A11106744. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T4985A11106744.en. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
* 1 2 Karabanov, D.P.; Pereboev, D.D.; Efeykin, B.D.; Kodukhova, Yu.V.; Kotov, A.A. (2024). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Clupeonella abrau (Maliatsky, 1930) (Clupeiformes), an Endemic Freshwater Fish from the Lake Abrau (Russia)". Doklady Biological Sciences. 517 (1): 63–68. doi:10.1134/S0012496624700996. ISSN 0012-4966. PMID 38955884.
* ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). "Clupeonella muhlisi". FishBase.
* This Clupeiformes article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Operator ideal

In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, an operator ideal is a special kind of class of continuous linear operators between Banach spaces. If an operator $T$ belongs to an operator ideal ${\mathcal {J}}$, then for any operators $A$ and $B$ which can be composed with $T$ as $BTA$, then $BTA$ is class ${\mathcal {J}}$ as well. Additionally, in order for ${\mathcal {J}}$ to be an operator ideal, it must contain the class of all finite-rank Banach space operators.

## Formal definition

Let ${\mathcal {L}}$ denote the class of continuous linear operators acting between arbitrary Banach spaces. For any subclass ${\mathcal {J}}$ of ${\mathcal {L}}$ and any two Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ over the same field $\mathbb {K} \in \{\mathbb {R} ,\mathbb {C} \}$, denote by ${\mathcal {J}}(X,Y)$ the set of continuous linear operators of the form $T:X\to Y$ such that $T\in {\mathcal {J}}$. In this case, we say that ${\mathcal {J}}(X,Y)$ is a component of ${\mathcal {J}}$. An operator ideal is a subclass ${\mathcal {J}}$ of ${\mathcal {L}}$, containing every identity operator acting on a 1-dimensional Banach space, such that for any two Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ over the same field $\mathbb {K}$, the following two conditions for ${\mathcal {J}}(X,Y)$ are satisfied:
    (1) If $S,T\in {\mathcal {J}}(X,Y)$ then $S+T\in {\mathcal {J}}(X,Y)$; and
    (2) if $W$ and $Z$ are Banach spaces over $\mathbb {K}$ with $A\in {\mathcal {L}}(W,X)$ and $B\in {\mathcal {L}}(Y,Z)$, and if $T\in {\mathcal {J}}(X,Y)$, then $BTA\in {\mathcal {J}}(W,Z)$.

## Properties and examples

Operator ideals enjoy the following nice properties.
* Every component ${\mathcal {J}}(X,Y)$ of an operator ideal forms a linear subspace of ${\mathcal {L}}(X,Y)$, although in general this need not be norm-closed.
* Every operator ideal contains all finite-rank operators. In particular, the finite-rank operators form the smallest operator ideal.
* For each operator ideal ${\mathcal {J}}$, every component of the form ${\mathcal {J}}(X):={\mathcal {J}}(X,X)$ forms an ideal in the algebraic sense.
Furthermore, some very well-known classes are norm-closed operator ideals, i.e., operator ideals whose components are always norm-closed. These include but are not limited to the following.
* Compact operators
* Weakly compact operators
* Finitely strictly singular operators
* Strictly singular operators
* Completely continuous operators
# 2011 Scheldeprijs

The 2011 Scheldeprijs cycling race took place on 9 April 2011. It was the 99th time the Scheldeprijs was run. Mark Cavendish won the race for a third time equally the record of Piet Oellibrandt. He won the 99th Scheldeprijs ahead of Denis Galimzyanov for Team Katusha and Yauheni Hutarovich for FDJ.

## Results

| | Cyclist | Team | Time |
| 1 | Mark Cavendish (GBR) | HTC–Highroad | 4h 29' 57" |
| 2 | Denis Galimzyanov (RUS) | Team Katusha | s.t. |
| 3 | Yauheni Hutarovich (BLR) | FDJ | s.t. |
| 4 | Stefan van Dijk (NED) | Veranda's Willems–Accent | s.t. |
| 5 | Robbie McEwen (AUS) | Team RadioShack | s.t. |
| 6 | Francesco Chicchi (ITA) | Quick-Step | s.t. |
| 7 | Alexander Kristoff (NOR) | BMC Racing Team | s.t. |
| 8 | Theo Bos (NED) | Rabobank | s.t. |
| 9 | Frederique Robert (BEL) | Quick-Step | s.t. |
| 10 | Kenny van Hummel (NED) | Skil–Shimano | s.t. |
# Abraham Mazel

Abraham Mazel (5 September 1677 – 17 October 1710), was a French Huguenot from the Cévennes region and Camisard revolutionary, known for leading the insurrection that led to the War of the Camisards (1702-1704).

## Biography

Abraham Mazel was born to a Huguenot family at Saint-Jean-du-Gard, Languedoc, France, on 5 September 1677. His father was David Mazel (1648-1719), a woolcomber, and his mother was Jeanne Daudé (1650-1680).
In October 1701, Mazel was visited by "the spirit of prophecy" urging him to free his fellow Huguenots imprisoned by abbot François Langlade, archbishop of the Cévennes. The archbishop was well known in the Cevennes for his brutal repression of French Protestants.
On 24 July 1702, about fifty peasants, led by Mazel and Ésprit Séguier, marched onto the archpriest's residence at Le Pont-de-Montvert, to inflict vengeance upon him, and release the imprisoned Huguenots. During the night they raided Langlade's residence, released the prisoners from their underground cells, and then set the house on fire. While trying to flee from a window, Langlade fell and was injured. He was then killed by the peasants.
On October 17, 1710, Mazel was taken prisoner and killed at Mas de Couteau, near Uzès.
# Academy of Music Theatre

The Academy of Music Theatre is located in and owned by the City of Northampton, Massachusetts.

## History

The Academy of Music was built by Edward H. R. Lyman in 1890. Lyman earned his wealth as a tea and silk merchant. He lived in New York City but was born in Northampton and kept a summer house there. On his travels abroad for business, particularly in Germany, he was struck by the impact of publicly-funded theaters on the communities he visited.
The building was designed by architect William C. Brocklesby of Hartford, Connecticut in the Renaissance Revival style. The reported cost was $100,000 for the 1,004 seat theater. The Academy was opened to the public on May 23, 1891. Lyman gave the theater to the city as a gift which required a bill to be passed through the state legislature. Upon opening in 1892, the Academy of Music was the first municipally owned theater in the United States.
The Northampton Players were the first theater company based out of the Academy of Music starting in 1912. Before 1912, the Academy depended on touring companies. At this time, the only other venues in Northampton were movie theaters.

## Present

The Academy of Music, Inc., is the operating entity for the building, and it is an independent, private, nonprofit, 501(c)(3) charitable organization governed by a board of trustees. The Northampton Mayor and Smith College President serve on the board, as was Lyman’s wish. The other board members are volunteers who have an interest in the performing arts, in the continued vitality of the City of Northampton, or who have special expertise related to the Academy’s operations.
# Mseto Sports

Mseto Sports is a Tanzanian football club based in Morogoro in east Tanzania. It is one of the three biggest football clubs in Morogoro.
In 1975 Mseto Sports won the Tanzanian Premier League.

## Honours

* Tanzanian Premier League: 1
       1975
# Edumudi

Edumudi is a village in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Naguluppalapadu mandal of Tenali revenue division.
# Kambal Na Kamao: Madugong Engkwentro

Kambal Na Kamao: Madugong Engkwentro (lit. 'Twin Fists: Bloody Encounter') is a 1988 Filipino sports film written and directed by comic book writer Carlo J. Caparas. It stars boxing champions Rolando Navarette and Rolando Bohol as two provincial streetfighters who became professional boxers. The film was produced and released by Golden Lion Films in mid-1988. It was given a negative review by film critic Lav Diaz for its uneven and forced storytelling.

## Cast

* Rolando Navarette
* Rolando Bohol
* Mia Pratts
* Ana Abiera
* Deborah Sun
* Ruel Vernal
* Rudy Meyer
* Bomber Moran
* Renato del Prado
* Rocco Montalban
* Robert Miller
* Tsing Tong Tsai
* Danny Riel
* Bebing Amora
* Ernie David
* Usman Hasim
* Danny Labra
Introducing
* Twinky and Twinkle the cutest twins
* Gabriel Bebot Elorde Jr.
* Johnny Elorde
* Momong Manaay

## Production

According to Rolando Bohol, it was during his first IBF world title defense at the Araneta Coliseum on May 6, 1988 that he and Rolando Navarette, both of whom won their respective bouts that day, were approached by Carlo J. Caparas and Donna Villa of Golden Lion Films for their latest film production Kambal Na Kamao.

## Critical response

Lav Diaz, writing for the Manila Standard, gave a negative review of Kambal Na Kamao, writing that the film is a "patchwork of laughs, action, anguished sighs, tragedy, forced scenes and poorly thought-out dialogue", although he mentioned that the boxing scenes are good.
# Order of Queen Tamara (1918)

The Order of Queen Tamara was a Georgian military decoration granted to members of the Georgian Legion and of the German Caucasus Expedition who fought in Georgia after 4 November 1918.
The official criterion, proclaimed by General Zakhari Mdivani, the Georgian minister of war, stated: "For merits in Georgia herewith all officers and enlisted men of the German troops in the Caucasus, which remained in Georgia after November 4, 1918, have the right to wear the Order of Saint Tamara."
After the implementation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, the order was confirmed by Decree No. 5352 on December 13, 1918.
# Kambaira language

Kambaira is a Kainantu language of Papua New Guinea.
# Critical line

Critical line may refer to:
* In mathematics, a specific subset of the complex numbers asserted by the Riemann hypothesis to be the locus of all non-trivial zeroes of the Riemann zeta function
* Critical line theorem, a mathematical theorem saying that the proportion of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lying on the critical line is greater than zero
* Critical line (thermodynamics), a higher-dimensional equivalent of a critical point
* Critical Line, an art exhibition
* Critical line method, a procedure in Portfolio optimization
# Kambaitimyia

Kambaitimyia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Kambaitimyia carbonata Mesnil, 1953
* Kambaitimyia rufipes Mesnil, 1957

## Distribution

Myanmar.
# Critical lens

A critical lens is a way of looking at a particular work of literature by focusing on style choices, plot devices, and character interactions and how they show a certain theme (the lens in question). It is a common literary analysis technique.

## Types

There are many types of critical lenses but there are several that are the most common.

### Marxist

The Marxist critical lens came into vogue with the advent of the Marxist school of thought. Sometimes also called the socioeconomic lens, this focuses on how characters' wealth and social connections affects the work. Leon Trotsky's Literature and Revolution claims that "old literature and 'culture' were the expressions of the nobleman and the bureaucrat" and that "the proletariat has also to create its own culture and its own art". This viewpoint is common for the Marxist critical lens.

### Psychoanalytic

Also called the Freudian or Jungian critical lens, this school of thought analyzes the psychological motives of the characters. Jungian literary criticism in particular focuses on archetypes.

### Gender/Queer Studies

The gender/queer lens, while influenced by the feminist lens, treats gender as more of a spectrum, and also considers human sexuality. David Richter notes in The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends that "XXY syndromes, natural sexual bimorphisms, as well as surgical transsexuals [...] defy attempts at binary classification". This thinking, along with the advent of a more prominent LGBT community, has heavily influenced this lens.

### Semiotics

The semiotic literary lens grew out of the structuralist literary lens, which was influenced by structuralism. It came about with the advent of semiotics.

### Moral

The moral lens was the earliest critical lens to come about, beginning in Book X of Plato's Republic. In it, he notes "will any one be profited if under the influence of [...] poetry, man neglect[s] justice and virtue?" This lens was common through the end of the 19th century. For example, in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver notes in one of his letters that he had written "for [people's] amendment, and not their approbation", reflecting the belief at the time that the novel was primarily a method for instruction of the populace, and entertainment was only a secondary goal. This is especially true in books for children from the time - see for example the book that a young Jane Eyre is given by Mr. Brocklehurst, which "'is a book entitled the 'Child's Guide,' read it with prayer, especially that part containing 'An account of the awfully sudden death of Martha G -, a naughty child addicted to falsehood and deceit'" - this is meant to instruct Jane in the consequences of lying, and was common in children's literature of the time. This lens is common in analysis of religious works.

### Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism addresses the work from an environmental and ecological perspective.

## Development

The earliest critical lens was the moral lens, which came about in 360 B.C. in the writings of Plato's Republic.
# Tauranga City

Tauranga City may refer to:
* Tauranga City (district), the area covered by Tauranga City Council
* Tauranga, a city in the North Island of New Zealand
* Tauranga City AFC, a former football team from Tauranga, now merged as part of Tauranga City United
# Kallmann

Kallmann is a German surname that may refer to
* Franz Josef Kallmann (1897–1965), German-born American psychiatrist
** Kallmann syndrome
* Gerhard Kallmann (1915–2012), German-born American architect and academic
** Kallmann McKinnell & Wood, an architectural design firm based in Boston, United States
* Hans Jürgen Kallmann (1908–1991), German artist
* Hartmut Kallmann (1896–1978), German physicist
* Helmut Kallmann (1922–2012), Canadian musicologist and librarian
# Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis

Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from garden soil from Kameino in Fujisawa in Japan.
# Option (aircraft purchasing)

An option, when purchasing aircraft, allows an airline to purchase additional aircraft in the future, at an agreed price and date.
When placing orders for new aircraft, airlines commonly obtain options from the aircraft manufacturer. These options allow the airline to delay the purchase of additional aircraft until market conditions become clearer and the purchase can be justified. It reserves the airline a place in the manufacturing queue, for a guaranteed delivery slot.
When the airline exercises its options, it can place its order without having to join the end of the queue, which otherwise may delay the delivery of the aircraft for years. If future conditions do not justify expansion of the airline's fleet, the airline is not obliged to purchase the aircraft. An example, is an airline purchasing 30 planes up-front and having options for an additional 20 for later delivery.
Depending on economic conditions, manufacturers often sell aircraft purchasing options below either the real or Aircraft Bluebook value of the aircraft.

## Rolling options

Rolling options differ from ordinary aircraft purchase options, in that the delivery slot is assigned at a later date, when the option is exercised or expires.
# Tara, Northern Territory

Tara is an Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia, located about 243 km north of Alice Springs, on Kaytetye land. At the time of the 2021 census, it had a recorded population of 62.
# Operation Vic Fire Assist

Operation Vic Fire Assist was the Australian Defence Force contribution to the relief effort following the Black Saturday bushfires. The Defence contribution peaked at around 850 personnel in mid February; with the majority of Defence assets concluding operations on Saturday 14 March 2009.
The ADF assistance provided a temporary logistic framework until more appropriate, long-term options became available. Defence provided emergency sleeping arrangements and substantial meals for fire affected families and emergency workers in Yea, Warragul, Marysville and Kinglake.
Troops searched approximately 120 square kilometres of fire damaged areas, which included around 1300 houses. This included the townships of Kinglake, Flowerdale, Hazeldene, Marysville, St Andrews, Yarra Glen and Traralgon.
As part of the reasonable search phase, teams conducted thorough and methodical searches of 817 premises in Marysville, Strathewen, Castella, Toolangi, Chum Creek, Dixon's Creek and Steeles Creek.
# Muhammad Hashim Esmatullahi

Dr. Muhammad Hashim Esmatullahi is an Afghan journalist and head of the Union of Afghan Journalists. He was Minister designate for Higher Education for the Afghan Government but was not confirmed by the Afghan Parliament.

## Personal information

Dr. Esmatullahi was born in 1955 in Wazirabad, Kabul. He is an ethnic Qizilbash. He received early education at the Naderia High School in 1975 and graduated from the Literature Department of Kabul University in 1979. He obtained a Master's degree in Journalism from Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran. He has been a lecturer at the Journalism Department of Kabul University since 2004. He also has been responsible for appointments to high government posts for the last two years as a member on the presidential consultation boards.
He was the Acting Chairman of the independent commission for Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA) in 2007.
# Kalthoon Thilak

Thilak Raj (April 5, 1943 – May 7, 2021) was an Indian actor. Also known as Kalthoon Thilak, he was known for playing supporting roles in Tamil films as an antagonist. His breakthrough performance came in the film, Kalthoon (1981), following which he adapted the film's title in his stagename.

## Career

Thilak began his career in the Tamil film industry as an assistant editor at AVM Studios and had worked on 24 films. He began experimenting as an actor through appearances in Major Sundarrajan's drama troupe.
Thilak went on to act in over 70 films, including Thayilla Kuzhandhai (1976), Per Solla Oru Pillai (1978) and Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai (1979), often appearing as arrogant villainous characters. In the latter, he portrayed the son of T. K. Bhagavathi's character, who ill treats the character portrayed by Rajinikanth. He garnered acclaim for his role in Sundarrajan's Kalthoon (1981), featuring as the son of Sivaji Ganesan and K. R. Vijaya's characters. In the 2010s, he worked as an actor in Tamil television serials.

## Filmography
### Films

* Vellikizhamai Viratham (1974)
* Tiger Thathachari (1974)
* Apoorva Raagangal (1975)
* Thayilla Kuzhandhai (1976)
* Oru Oodhappu Kan Simittugiradhu (1976)
* Per Solla Oru Pillai (1978)
* Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai (1979)
* Kalthoon (1981)
* Per Sollum Pillai (1987)
* Kai Naattu (1988)
* Aavathellam Pennale (1990)
* Velai Kidaichuduchu (1990)
* Adhikari (1991)

### Television

* Gopuram
* Athipookkal

## Death

Thilak died of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu in Chennai on 7 May 2021.
# Tayport Castle

56°27′03″N 2°52′59″W﻿ / ﻿56.45082600°N 2.88316060°W﻿ / 56.45082600; -2.88316060
Tayport Castle, was a Z plan castle that was located near Tayport, Fife, Scotland. The castle was demolished in the 19th century and no remains above ground are visible.

## Citations

* ↑ "Tayport Castle". CANMORE. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
* ↑ "Tayport Harbour Trust". www.tayportharbour.org.uk. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
* This article about a Scottish castle is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e