OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David King Murray, Lord Birnam

Thomas David King Murray, Lord Birnam, FRSE (29 March 1884 – 5 June 1955), known as Lord Murray between 1938 and 1941 and Sir David King Murray between 1941 and 1945, was a Scottish advocate and judge who served for two years as Unionist Member of Parliament (MP).

## Early life

King Murray was born on 29 March 1884, the son of James Murray of Greenknowe, Bothwell, Lanrkshire who was a merchant in Glasgow. He was educated at Hamilton Academy and the Glasgow High School.
He graduated from the University of Glasgow with an MA in 1904, a BSc in 1905 and an LLB in 1908.

## Career

King Murray was trained as a solicitor in Glasgow with the company of Russell & Duncan, WS. He was admitted as an advocate on 18 March 1910, the same day as the future Lord President Wilfrid Normand.
In World War I, King Murray served as a Lieutenant in the RNVR. After the war, he resumed his legal practice and was Junior Counsel to the Treasury in Scotland from 1927 to 1928. He was then Sheriff-Substitute of Lanarkshire at Airdrie from 1928 until he became a King's Counsel in August 1933. He then resigned as sheriff to return to practice in the Court of Session.
Having taken silk, King Murray was a Senior Advocate Depute (prosecutor) from 1936 to 1938. He was regarded as one of the leading King's Counsels of his day.
In May 1938, he appointed as Chairman of the Scottish Land Court, succeeding the late Lord MacGregor Mitchell. On his appointment, The Scotsman newspaper noted that the new judge had "taken a prominent part in political work for the Unionist Party". He took the judicial title Lord Murray, and chaired the court until June 1941, when he joined the wartime coalition government as Solicitor General for Scotland. He dropped the judicial title Lord Murray, and was knighted in the King's Birthday Honours. Murray was succeeded at the Land Court by Robert Gibson, another former pupil of the Hamilton Academy.
He was knighted by King George VI in 1941. In the same year he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Thomas Graham Robertson, Lord Robertson, James Pickering Kendall, Thomas James Jehu and George Freeland Barbour Simpson.
He was Chairman of the Scottish Coalfields Committee from 1942 to 1944.
He was Solicitor General for Scotland from 1941 to 1945, and was elected at a closely fought by-election in 1943 as the Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) for Midlothian and Peebles North. He was knighted in 1941. Murray retired from the House of Commons at the 1945 general election and was appointed a Senator of the College of Justice in Scotland and Lord of Session in 1945, with the judicial title Lord Birnam.

## Family

In 1946 he married Edith Lillian Archer.
His nephew was Ronald King Murray, Lord Murray.

## Sources

* Who Was Who
# Karnataka State Pollution Control Board

The Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) is a legal entity entrusted for control of pollution in the Indian State of Karnataka. The Board regulates air, water and environmental pollution.

## History

The Board was originally constituted as the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in 1974 as per section 4 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. It was renamed the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board in 1985 after the enactment of Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act in 1981. The Board was initially mandated only to implement the Water Act. Subsequently, it was empowered to enforce to enforce the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977; the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Rules, 1978; and a series of Rules and Notifications framed under the Environment Protection Act, 1986.

## Structure

The headquarters of the KSPCB is located in Bangalore. The KSPCB also has 44 regional offices, with at least one office in each district of Karnataka.
# David Peters (professor)

David Peters is a professor of integrated healthcare at the University of Westminster.

## Career

Peters trained as a family doctor and later in osteopathic medicine and as a musculoskeletal physician. From 1990 until 2005, he directed the complementary therapies development programme at Marylebone Health Centre (MHC), a Central London NHS GP unit set up in 1986 to develop new approaches to inner city primary healthcare.
Peters was among the founding faculty of the University of Westminster School of Integrated Health which merged with the Department of Bioscience in 2009 to form the School of Life Sciences.

## Publications

Peters has co-authored or edited five books about integrated healthcare. His works include co-author/editorship of the Encyclopaedia of Complementary Medicine and Understanding the Placebo Effect in Complementary Medicine.

## Research and clinical interests

Peters has led a series of research projects concerned with implementing or evaluating of complementary medicine in mainstream settings. One current project is developing PCT-wide access to acupuncture and stress reduction for people with long-term low back pain. Peters was, until 2010, chair of the British Holistic Medical Association, whose Journal of Holistic Healthcare he edits. He is a director of The College of Medicine whose aim is to encourage medicine to move in a more patient-centred and values-based direction.
His clinical work as a musculo-skeletal physician includes osteopathy and acupuncture, and by somatically-oriented psychotherapeutic methods devised by Peter Levine, as well as exploration of working with the relaxation response, yoga, and meditation. A particular clinical interest is in dysregulatory syndromes where persistent pain and/or fatigue commonly overlap with trauma and breathing pattern disorders. His research and development interests include the role of non-pharmaceutical treatments in mainstream medicine, and self-care – particularly in long term conditions.
# David Petersen (composer)

David Petersen (born Lübeck ca. 1650 or 1651 – died Amsterdam, before 5 May 1737) was a violinist and composer of north German origin active in the Netherlands (United Provences). His last name is also spelled Pietersen.
In the 1670s he travelled to Lund, Sweden where he was an employee of the newly founded University. By 1680, however, he had moved to Amsterdam where he remained for the rest of his career.
He is notable for a collection of twelve sonatas for violin and basso continuo published in 1683 entitled Speelstukken. It is the only Dutch publication of its type in this period. There are similar collections of pieces for violin and bass by German composers such as Westhoff and Biber; however the sonatas are closest in style to Johann Jakob Walther's Scherzi da Violino solo con il basso continuo published in 1676. It is possible that Walther had connections to Amsterdam and may have taught Petersen.
Petersen's other compositions include a large number of song settings with continuo in Dutch. They were published in Amsterdam in collaboration with the Dutch poets Abraham Alewijn and Cornelis Sweerts. Petersen is also closely associated with a number of composers such as Servaes de Koninck and Hendrik Anders. Along with Johannes Schenck, Carolus Hacquart and Carl Rosier they contributed to a revival of Dutch music and arts in the period before 1710.

## Published works

* Speelstukken, Amsterdam, 1683
* Zede- en Harpgezangen met Zangkunst verrykt door David Petersen (24 songs to words by Abraham Alewijn), Amsterdam, 1694
* Vermeerderde Zede- en Harpgezangen (words by Alewijn), Amsterdam, 1711
* Zede- en Harpgezangen (words by Alewijn), Amsterdam, 1713
* Zede- en Harpgezangen (words by Alewijn), Amsterdam, 1715
* Boertige en Ernstige Minnezangen (music by Petersen and Hendrik Anders; words by Cornelis Sweerts), Amsterdam, 1705
* Boertige en Ernstige Minnezangen (music by Petersen and De Koninck, words by Alewijn), Amsterdam, 1705
* Boertige en Ernstige Minnezangen (music by Petersen and De Koninck, words by Alewijn), Amsterdam, 1709
* Incidental music for the play Andromeda, Amsterdam, 1730
# Changwon Velodrome

Changwon Velodrome is a velodrome in Changwon, South Korea. It opened in 2000, and has a seating capacity of 14,000 spectators. The venue hosted the 2003 Asian Cycling Championships.
# Kasara, Dahanu

Kasara is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Dahanu taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Kasara has 425 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 55.81%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 1954 | 1017 | 937 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 302 | 162 | 140 |
| Scheduled caste | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1752 | 907 | 845 |
| Literates | 922 | 559 | 363 |
| Workers (all) | 927 | 546 | 381 |
| Main workers (total) | 640 | 386 | 254 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 23 | 17 | 6 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 205 | 115 | 90 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 14 | 9 | 5 |
| Main workers: Other | 398 | 245 | 153 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 287 | 160 | 127 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 9 | 5 | 4 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 205 | 115 | 90 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 11 | 1 | 10 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 62 | 39 | 23 |
| Non-workers | 1027 | 471 | 556 |
# Karyn Palgut

Karyn Sue Palgut (born December 10, 1962) is an American former handball player who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics and in the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Peter Latham (RAF officer)

Air Vice Marshal Peter Anthony Latham, CB, AFC (18 June 1925 – 4 December 2016) was a senior Royal Air Force officer. From 1977 to 1981, he served as Air Officer Commanding No. 11 Group. Earlier in his career, from 1958 to 1960, he was leader of the Black Arrows (predecessor of the current RAF aerobatic team, the Red Arrows). In 1999, he was made an Honorary President of the Royal International Air Tattoo.

## Honours

In the 1954 New Year Honours, Latham was awarded the Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service in the Air. In the 1960 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was awarded the Air Force Cross (AFC). In the 1961 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was awarded the Queen's Commendation for Valuable Service for a second time. In the 1980 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB).
# David Will

David Houston Will CBE (20 November 1936 – 25 September 2009) was a Scottish association football administrator who held a number of prominent positions.
A solicitor by profession, Will was chairman of Brechin City for two decades, before becoming president of the Scottish Football Association (the governing body of Scottish football) and a vice-president of FIFA (the governing body of world football).
He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2002 Birthday Honours for services to association football.
Will died of cancer in September 2009 at the age of 72.
# Kasperi, Seinäjoki

Kasperi is a district and a suburb (lähiö) of Seinäjoki, Finland. It is located about four kilometers to the southeast from the city center. Kasperi is a part of the Kasperi ward, which also includes the eastern Kivistö and Hallilanvuori sub-districts. Local services include a school, a supermarket, a pub and a dentist office.
In 2022, the population of Kasperi (including Hallilanvuori) was 3,759.

## History

Kasperi was mostly built during the 1970s and 1980s. The designing of the neighborhood was inspired by the Tapiola district of Espoo. Kasperi was named after Kasperi Kustaa's Kasperi-building which was located in the area.
Later, the Hallilanvuori residential area was built next to a mountain of the same name in southern Kasperi.

## Gallery

* An apartment building on the street Tapiolantie.
* Toimintojen Talo, a local cafeteria with other services.
* A laavu in Hallilanvuori.
* Local services.
# Chalkville, Alabama

Chalkville is a former census-designated place in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 3,829. The area is now part of the city of Clay.

## Geography

Chalkville is located at 33°40′4″N 86°38′59″W﻿ / ﻿33.66778°N 86.64972°W﻿ / 33.66778; -86.64972 (33.667902, -86.649643).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km$^2$), of which 2.9 square miles (7.5 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km$^2$) (1.03%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,829 people, 1,275 households, and 1,105 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,330.0 inhabitants per square mile (513.5/km$^2$). There were 1,313 housing units at an average density of 456.1 per square mile (176.1/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the community was 96.32% White, 2.32% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.52% from two or more races. 0.57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 1,275 households, out of which 49.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.1% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.3% were non-families. 10.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.21.
In the community, the population was spread out, with 29.8% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.9 males.
The median income for a household in the community was $55,114, and the median income for a family was $56,518. Males had a median income of $34,977 versus $29,266 for females. The per capita income for the community was $19,929. About 2.8% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 12.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Government and infrastructure

The Alabama Department of Youth Services formerly maintained the Chalkville Campus. It ended operations after a tornado in January 2012.
# David Napier (marine engineer)

David Napier (10 November 1790– 23 November 1869) was a Scottish marine engineer.
Napier began in his father's works at Camlachie and built the boiler for Henry Bell's Comet in 1812. Subsequently, he took over the foundry and established a reputation as one of the best builders of marine engines in Scotland. In 1821 Napier moved to Lancefield Quay on the north bank of the Clyde and Camlachie was taken over by his cousin Robert Napier. At Lancefield Napier began to construct complete ships, including in 1827 the Aglaia. This was one of the world's first iron steam-ships, built to ply on Loch Eck as part of a "new route" to Inveraray which opened around 1835. The route included construction of a Clyde pier at Kilmun, and a road for a steam coach to take passengers to the loch steamer. "Aglaia" in fact had only an iron bottom, and wooden sides above water. She was afterwards called the "James Gallacher", and plied on the Clyde. Her dimensions were as follows: Length, 62' 8"; breadth, 13' 0"; depth, 4' 6"; gross tonnage, 49 36/94 tons. The world's first iron steamer was the paddle steamer Aaron Manby of 1821.
Napier was widely discredited after a series of boiler explosions between 1835 and 1838. Two of these involved the same steamer, the Victoria of Hull, which twice suffered boiler explosions on the Thames in 1838. On the second occasion, 14 June 1838, nine men were killed and a lengthy inquest saw heavy criticism of Napier's boilers and his conduct after the first accident of 16 March 1838.
In 1839 Napier acquired a shipyard on the River Thames at Millwall, London, which is commemorated in the modern Napier Avenue. The yard was run by two of his sons, while Napier himself continued with experiments in improving the steamboat. In 1854 the yard was sold to Messrs J Scott Russell and used for building the Great Eastern.
His youngest son, Robert D. Napier (1821 – May 1885), was a noted marine engineer with several inventions and research papers to his credit.
Another son, Francis Napier ( – 23 December 1875) was a surveyor with the Harbours and Rivers Department, Sydney, and noted member and diarist of Francis Cadell's exploration of the Northern Territory coast 1867–68.
# Kasei

Kasei (火星) is the Japanese word for Mars. It may also refer to:

## Places

* Kasei Valles, a canyon on Mars
* Kasei, Kenya, a village in Kenya
* Kasei, Ghana, a village in Ghana

## Transportation

* Mitsubishi Kasei, a World War II aircraft engine used on many Japanese warplanes
* Kasei Station, a train station on the Fujikyuko Line in Tsuru, Yamanashi, Japan
* Toritsu-Kasei Station, a train station on the Seibu Shinjuku Line in Nakano, Tokyo, Japan

## Educational institutions

* Tokyo Kasei-Gakuin University, a private university in Tokyo
* Tokyo Kasei-Gakuin Junior College, a women's university in Tokyo
* Tokyo Kasei University, a private university in Tokyo

## Other

* Kasei culture of late Edo period in Japan 1804–1829
* Asahi Kasei, a Japanese chemical conglomerate
* Rakuto Kasei, a Japanese multinational chemical company
# Channa quinquefasciata

Channa quinquefasciata is a species of snakehead in the family Channidae that was described from North Bengal.
# Channa punctata

Channa punctata, the spotted snakehead, is a species of snakehead. It is found in the Indian Subcontinent and nearby areas, ranging across Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Tibet. Its natural habitats are swamps, ponds and brackish water systems. It is a fish of high food value and has little value as aquarium fish.

## Description

Channa punctatus normally grows to around 15.0 cm (5.9 in) in length, but males up to 31.0 cm (12.2 in) have also been captured. The spotted snakehead is listed as Least Concern in IUCN, due to lack of major threats to this species populations.
The species is mainly a carnivore. Favorite food of this species is other small fishes yolk flies and fish larvae. In its natural habitat, it consumes crustaceans, molluscs, insects, small fishes, semi-digested materials and sometimes plants. Its feeding habit changes seasonally. The intensity of feeding is low in mature fishes during the spawning period. Juvenile fish has constant habit of food.
# Chanwa Ke Take Chakor

Chanwa Ke Take Chakor is Bhojpuri film released in 1981 directed by Nazir Hussain.
# Changping Township, Fusui County

Changping (simplified Chinese: 昌平乡; traditional Chinese: 昌平鄉; pinyin: Chāngpíng Xiāng; zhuang: Canghbingz Yangh) is a Township under the administration of Fusui County in southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. As of 2011, it had an area of 196 square kilometres (76 sq mi) populated by 25,054 people residing in 1 residential communities (社区) and 8 villages.

## Administrative divisions

There are 1 residential communities and 8 villages:
Residential communities:
* Changping (昌平社区)
Villages:
* Sairen (赛仁村), Mumin (木民村), Pingbai (平白村), Balian (八联村), Lianhao (联豪村), Sihe (四和村), Shili (石丽村), Zhonghua (中华村)
# David Sadoff

Dr. David Sadoff (b. 1961) is an American international law and policy expert, specializing in rule of law programming, intelligence affairs, and international enforcement law. He has served as managing director of the Clooney Foundation for Justice, general counsel of the International Development Law Organization, and deputy legal adviser and director of intelligence programs and reform on the National Security Council staff.

## Education

Sadoff earned his bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College (1983), a Master in Public Policy from Harvard University (1986), and a J.D. from Georgetown University (1995). He also received an LL.M in International Humanitarian Law from the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights in 2007 and a Ph.D in Public International Law from the Université de Genève in 2014.

## Career

Sadoff began his career in the Politico-Military Affairs Bureau of the United States Department of State, then worked as a policy adviser, consultant, and commercial litigator. He then spent five years as Assistant General Counsel with the Central Intelligence Agency and subsequently was seconded to the White House to serve in both legal and policy capacities at the National Security Council.
Sadoff spent the next decade in Switzerland, Nepal, and Italy, heading up the Nepal Country Office of the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative and as General Counsel at the Rome-based International Development Law Organization.
Upon returning to the U.S., Sadoff was a lecturer in law at the University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School, executive director of the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law, and managing director of the Clooney Foundation for Justice -- George Clooney and Amal Clooney's international criminal justice NGO.

## Publications

In 2016, Sadoff published Bringing International Fugitives to Justice: Extradition and Its Alternatives with Cambridge University Press. He has also published extensively in law journals and reporters, including in the Georgetown Journal of International Law, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, and American Criminal Law Review.

## Affiliations

* Arcadia University, Trustee
* St. Stephen's School Rome, Trustee and Vice Chair
* Forum on Education Abroad, Board Director
* World Engagement Institute, Distinguished International Research Fellow
* Centre for International Sustainable Development Law, Senior Research Fellow
* Enough Project, Non-Resident Senior Fellow

## Personal life

Sadoff is the son of Dr. Robert L. Sadoff, a forensic psychiatrist, and Joan H. Sadoff, a civil rights film documentarian. He lives in northern California with his wife. He has three children.
# Kassi (wife of Suleyman of Mali)

Kassi (fl. 1352) (also called Qasa) was an empress of the Kingdom of Mali and one of the wives of Mansa Suleyman (r. 1341–1360). She was called Qasa, which means 'the Queen'.
Principal wife and paternal cousin of Suleyman, Kassi ruled jointly with her husband, as was traditional. Ibn Battuta wrote, "the queen is his partner in the kingship, following the custom of the blacks. Her name is mentioned in the pulpit". Having one's name read in the pulpit during Muslim services in the mosque is an honor due only to an actual sovereign, not a mere consort. Qasa was one of twenty female Muslim rulers who met the Muslim criteria of sovereignty.
She was extremely popular with the royal court, which counted many of her relations among its members. But she soon fell out of favor with her husband, who preferred a commoner named Bendjou. Eventually, he divorced her to marry the latter. The noble ladies of the court took Kassi's side, continuing to recognize her legitimacy and refusing to honor the new royal wife. Such insubordination – they threw earth on their heads to honor Kassi while throwing earth on their hands to insult Bendjou – soon angered Suleyman and his new wife, to the point that Kassi was forced to seek sanctuary in the mosque.
Civil war soon erupted, as she encouraged the nobility, including her relations, to revolt. The war was a struggle between two ideological factions; one group supported Suleyman, while the other supported not only Kassi but sons of the former ruler, Maghan. Suleyman and his chiefs eventually defeated Kassi and her cousins, discrediting her by showing that she and her cousin, Djathal, who had been banished for treason, were in league together.
The coup d'état happened in 1352 or 1353. Kassi was the mother of Kassa, who succeeded Suleyman briefly before being replaced by his cousin Mari Diata II.