OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Soret

Charles Soret (born 23 September 1854, Geneva, Switzerland; died 4 April 1904) was a Swiss physicist and chemist. He is known for his work on thermodiffusion (the so-called Soret effect).

## Life

Charles Soret was the son of Jacques-Louis Soret, professor of physical medicine at University of Geneva, and Clémentine Odier. In 1872, Charles graduated from an art college in Geneva and, two years later, he added a degree in mathematics. In addition, he also attended lectures in physics and other sciences. He continued studies in mathematics at the Sorbonne, where he received his MA in 1876. He believed that a good physicist is first of all a good mathematician; therefore, only afterwards he focused on physics in which he obtained a master's degree two years later.
Soon, he was offered a place in the Department of crystallography and mineralogy at the University of Geneva. There, in 1879, he became a lecturer and a full professor in 1881.
In 1879, he published his first discussion on thermodiffusion on the basis of experiments with solutions of NaCl and KNO$_3$ in pipes with heated or cooled ends. He noticed higher concentrations at the cooler end of the pipe. His experiments confirmed the results of C. Ludwig (published 20 years earlier) of which Soret probably did not know.
In addition to thermal migration, he also conducted research on refractometry.
In 1898, he became the rector of the University of Geneva. He died in April 1904 due to gastrointestinal illness, a few days after a successful operation.

## Sources

* ↑ Platten, J. K.; Costesèque, P. (2004). "Charles Soret. A short biography. On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of his death". European Physical Journal E. 15 (3): 235–239. Bibcode:2004EPJE...15..235P. doi:10.1140/epje/i2004-10062-8. PMID 15592762. S2CID 118692286.
# Aging Artfully

Aging Artfully: 12 Profiles of Visual and Performing Artists Aged 85-105 is a 2006 book by Berkeley author Amy Gorman. The book features profiles of 12 women aged 85-105, all visual and performing artists actively engaged in the arts. Illustrated with 100+ photos of the lives of the San Francisco Bay Area women, the book challenges stereotypical perceptions and expectations, and documents that old age can be gratifying and filled with creative expression.
Available in print and e-book, there is also a joint film, Still Kicking by Greg Young, a CD, 7 Songs of Women's Lives by Frances Kandl, and a web site for Aging Artfully.

## Awards

Aging Artfully won the IPPY Award in the category of Women's Issues in 2007.
# Death of a Bachelor (song)

"Death of a Bachelor" is a song by American solo project Panic! at the Disco from the solo project's fifth studio album of the same name. The song premiered during an Apple Music broadcast hosted by Pete Wentz on September 1, 2015. A music video for the song was uploaded to Fueled by Ramen's YouTube channel on December 24, 2015. It was later sent to alternative, hot adult contemporary and pop radio as the album's fourth and final single.

## Background

The introduction features a sample of "Gettin' It In" by Jadakiss. Vocalist Brendon Urie stated, "Frank Sinatra turns 100 this year. I attach his music to so many memories: Opening presents on Christmas day, my grandparents teaching the rest of the family to swing dance, watching Who Framed Roger Rabbit with my siblings (Sinatra makes a cameo in the form of a cartoon sword singing 'Witchcraft'). His music has been a major player in the soundtrack of my life. So it's only right that I return the favor and/or pay it forward. I wrote a new album this year and even in the few songs that don't sound remotely similar to any of his music I still felt his influence in the writing and the need to relate so personally to each song. 'Death Of A Bachelor' is very important to me. It expresses the bittersweet (but mostly sweet) end of an era. A look back at a part of my life now deceased. An 'It's A Wonderful Life'-esque look into a possibly different future. But mostly an appreciation for the present." The song's sound has been described as EDM, jazz, pop, R&B, soul, swing, synth-pop, and trap.
Urie also stated in an interview with Upset magazine that he feels that the song is "very jazzy, very Sinatra esque.. but then put it with this beat that sounds like Beyoncé's 'Drunk in Love'".

## Music video

A music video for the track was released on December 24, 2015. As of December 2022, the music video has surpassed 164 million views.

## Promotion

Brendon Urie performed the song on Good Morning America on October 20, 2016, along with "LA Devotee," and on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on February 9, 2017.

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Platinum | 80,000$^‡$ |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 400,000$^‡$ |
| United States (RIAA) | 3× Platinum | 3,000,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Old Town Hall, Ellesmere

The Old Town Hall is a municipal building in the High Street in Ellesmere, Shropshire, England. The structure, which was the meeting place of Ellesmere Urban District Council, is a Grade II listed building.

## History

The building was a gift to the town from the Countess of Bridgewater, who supported local projects across the Bridgewater Estates and lived at Ashridge House in Hertfordshire. It was designed by Edward Haycock in the neoclassical style, was built in ashlar stone and was completed in 1833. The building was arcaded on the ground floor, so that markets could be held, with an assembly room on the first floor. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with three bays facing onto the High Street; there were three round headed rooms on the ground floor, three sash windows on the first floor, and at roof level, there was a pediment with a wide overhang and a clock in the tympanum.
The assembly room was refurbished at the expense of Earl Brownlow in 1878 and, after the markets moved to the new market hall in Scotland Street in 1879, the arcading was infilled with glass and a free reading room was established on the ground floor of the building in 1884. An Iron Age canoe dating back to around 500 BC, which had been found in Whattal Moss, a forest just south of Colemere, in 1864, was placed on display in a small local history museum, which formed part of the reading room, in the late 19th century. After significant population growth, largely associated with Ellesmere's status as a market town, the area became an urban district with the town hall as its headquarters in 1894. Cinema viewings also took place in the reading room from 1931.
The town hall continued to serve as the headquarters of Ellesmere Urban District Council for much of the 20th century but ceased to be local seat of government after the enlarged North Shropshire Rural District Council was formed in 1967. The old town hall ceased to have any further municipal use at all after a new community hall in Willow Street was officially opened by the Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire, Major General Viscount Bridgeman on 25 March 1968. The new community hall subsequently became the meeting place of Ellesmere Town Council and, in due course, became the new Ellesmere Town Hall. The old town hall was subsequently marketed for sale and was put to a variety of uses, briefly operating as a restaurant, before being converted into the offices of an estate agent. A public house was established in the basement of the building in June 2017.
# Current sense amplifier

Current sense amplifiers (also called current shunt amplifiers) are special-purpose amplifiers that output a voltage proportional to the current flowing in a power rail. They utilize a "current-sense resistor" to convert the load current in the power rail to a small voltage, which is then amplified by the current-sense amplifiers. The currents in the power rail can be in the range of 1 A to 20 A, requiring the current-sense resistor to be a resistor typically in the range of 1 to 100 mΩ. These amplifiers are designed to amplify a very small "sense voltage" of 10 to 100 mV, in the presence of very large common-mode voltages of 5 to 30 V. DC precision (low input offset voltage) and high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) are distinguishing characteristics of these amplifiers. Some current sense amplifiers measure current flowing in a single direction; bidirectional amplifiers measure current flow in both directions through the sense resistor.
Normal differential amplifiers and operational amplifiers powered between two power supply rails (say V$_{CC}$ and V$_{EE}$) can only handle signals that lie between these two power rails. If a voltage outside the power supply rails is applied to the input, internal ESD protection diodes turn on, causing large currents to flow and damage these parts.
Specialised current-sense amplifiers, by contrast are designed so that, when powered from a low-voltage power rail such as V$_{CC}$ = 5 V and V$_{EE}$ = 0 V, they can withstand pin voltages much higher than V$_{CC}$ and much lower than V$_{EE}$. These amplifiers use specialized ESD structures that enable them to have this functionality. Their input stages are designed such that when the input common-mode voltage is much higher than V$_{CC}$ or much lower than V$_{EE}$, the input amplifier stage powers itself from the input common-mode voltage instead of V$_{CC}$ orV$_{EE}$.
Examples of integrated current-sense amplifiers include INA240, INA293, LTC6101,MAX4080, AD8210,TS1100 and INA193. In special cases, no V$_{CC}$ pin is required to accomplish current-sensing; the MAX9938 is such a device.
# Nicolás Xiviller

Nicolás Xiviller (born 11 November 1998) is an Uruguayan tennis player.
Xiviller has a career high ATP singles ranking of 1308 achieved on 19 June 2017. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of 1020 achieved on 10 October 2016.
Xiviller represents Uruguay at the Davis Cup where he has a W/L record of 3–0.
# 2021–22 Egypt Cup

The 2021–22 Egypt Cup was the 90th edition of the oldest recognised football tournament in Africa. It started with the First Preliminary Round on 9 November 2021, and concluded with the final on 10 April 2023.
Egyptian Premier League side Zamalek are the defending champions, having defeated Al Ahly in the final.

## Teams

| Round | Clubs remaining | Clubs involved | Winners from previous round | New entries this round | Leagues entering at this round |
| Main competition |
| Round of 32 | 32 | 32 | 14 | 18 | Egyptian Premier League |
| Round of 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | none | none |
| Quarter-finals | 8 | 8 | 8 | none | none |
| Semi-finals | 4 | 4 | 4 | none | none |
| Final | 2 | 2 | 2 | none | none |

## Round of 32

All matches were played between 10 and 28 March 2022, except matches involving teams participating in African competitions (Al Ahly, Al Masry and Zamalek) were postponed and played on 12 June and 13 June 2022. All times are CAT (UTC+2).

## Round of 16

All times are CAT (UTC+2).

## Quarter-finals

All times are CAT (UTC+2).

## Semi-finals

All times are CAT (UTC+2).
# CityJet (New Zealand)

CityJet was a short-lived New Zealand airline. It operated between May and November 1999.

## History

CityJet was launched when TranzGlobal founded by Steve Mosen on 28 June 1994, a freight airline operator, decided to establish a low-cost passenger service, competing with Air New Zealand, Ansett New Zealand, and Origin Pacific Airways. It was set up by Paul Webb and Steve Mosen. CityJet operated in the Cook Strait area, having a hub in Wellington and serving Nelson, Blenheim, and Palmerston North. Auckland, Hamilton and later Christchurch were also served.
The airline's fleet was based on the Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante. The airline operated passenger flights during the day then removed the seats to operate freight flights at night. The airfares were very cheap at only $29 and undercut the cheapest at Air New Zealand and Ansett New Zealand which were $89 at the time. The fares were also cheaper than the three ferry operators; The new Top Cat service had a $35 introductory fare, Cook Strait Sea Cat's fare was $49, while the Interislander fare cost $46 and the Lynx fast ferry $59.
In October 1999, the Civil Aviation Authority grounded CityJet's aircraft after allegations of irregularities in the recording of flight times. Some flights continued using chartered aircraft, but in November, the airline's pilots were placed under restrictions. CityJet ceased flying in November, and the company ceased operating the following month.
# Cepheuptychia

Cepheuptychia is a genus of satyrid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
* Cepheuptychia angelica (Butler, 1874)
* Cepheuptychia cephus (Fabricius, 1775)
* Cepheuptychia glaucina (Bates, 1865)
* Cepheuptychia romani (Aurivillius, 1929)
# Château de Robert le Diable

The Château de Robert le Diable is a French feudal castle from the time of the Dukes of Normandy. It is more properly, though less commonly, known as the Château de Moulineaux. It is situated at Moulineaux, near Rouen, in the département of Seine-Maritime at the side of the A13 autoroute.
It takes its name from Robert the Devil who, according to some, was Robert I, Duke of Normandy, the father of William the Conqueror. However, there is no evidence that this person was involved in the construction.
The castle was built during the 11th and 12th centuries. It stands on a hill which dominates the River Seine, the view extending over the whole Rouen region, making it a particularly strategic location.
It is known that the English King Richard I ('Lionheart') stayed here. His brother, King John ('Lackland') destroyed the castle during his struggle with the King of France Philip II Augustus.
The latter rebuilt it. During the Hundred Years' War, the people of Rouen destroyed the towers to prevent the castle being used by the English.
Half ruined, it is today furnished with various artefacts as well as reconstructed scenes of local history and life in the Middle Ages.
The castle is owned by the Agglomeration community of Rouen. The site has been classified since 1935 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Emmanuel Liais

Emmanuel Liais (15 February 1826 – 5 March 1900) was a French-Brazilian astronomer, botanist and explorer who spent many years in Brazil.
He was born in Cherbourg, the son of a wealthy family in the shipbuilding industry.
He was an amateur scientist and made some meteorological observations and wrote some papers. The astronomer François Arago took note of one of his papers written in 1852, which determined that the weather in his hometown was milder than that of Paris.
He then went to Paris in 1854 and worked at the Paris Observatory. There he assisted Urbain Le Verrier in creating a telegraphic meteorological network. He went to Brazil to observe the solar eclipse of September 7, 1858 and ended up staying there for a long time. He became a close acquaintance of the Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro II, and became the director of the Imperial Observatory at Rio de Janeiro from January to July 1871 and again from 1874 to 1881.
Although the observatory had been founded in 1827, in reality it was occupied mostly with teaching students of military schools. Liais reorganized it to concentrate on research.
He discovered the comet C/1860 D1 (Liais). This was his only comet discovery and the first comet discovered in Brazil.
He made astronomical observations of Mars and in 1865 speculated that the dark albedo features were vegetation and not water (in fact, as we know today, they are neither).
At the behest of the emperor, he made extensive exploration expeditions within Brazil and studied the plants of remote regions, sending some of them to France. He wrote a book entitled Climats, géologie, faune et géographie botanique du Brésil (Paris: Garnier Frères, 1872).
In 1878 a public dispute developed between him and Manoel Pereira Reis and his position at the observatory gradually became untenable. At the beginning of 1881 he resigned and returned to his hometown of Cherbourg.
He was mayor of Cherbourg from 1884–1886 and again from 1892 until his death in 1900. He imported exotic plants from South America and Asia to Cherbourg.
He married a Dutch woman, Margaritha Trovwen, and they had no children. He bequeathed his property, located in a magnificent botanical park, to the city of Cherbourg. It is now known as the Emmanuel Liais Gardens.
A crater on Mars is named after him. In addition to the park named after him, there is also "Emmanuel Liais" street in Cherbourg.
# Natural History Museum

Natural History Museum or Museum of Natural History may refer to:
* Natural history museum, a scientific institution with natural history collections
** List of natural history museums
* American Museum of Natural History, New York City, United States
* Museum of Natural History, Belgrade, Serbia
* Museum of Natural History, Görlitz, Germany
* Museum of Natural History, Lima, Peru
* Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Poland
* Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway
* National Natural History Museum of China, Beijing
* National Museum of Natural History, France, Paris
* National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., United States
* Natural History Museum, Berlin, Germany
* Natural History Museum, London, England
* Natural History Museum, Port Louis, Mauritius
* Natural History Museum, Vienna, Austria
* Oxford University Museum of Natural History, England
* University of Michigan Museum of Natural History, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
# Continuum (Mentallo & The Fixer album)

Continuum is a compilation album by Mentallo & The Fixer, released on November 14, 1995 by Metropolis Records.

## Music

Continuum comprises remastered tracks and remixes from Mentallo & The Fixer's recording sessions circa 1990 to 1993. The collection also draws from the band's first two releases, 1991's Wreckage + Ruin + & + Regrets + (Redemption) and 1992's No Rest for the Wicked.
On February 16, 2018 the album was issued as a music download by Alfa Matrix on the label's Bandcamp.

## Reception

Sonic Boom was somewhat positive towards Continuum, calling the album "more of a greatest hits & misses compilation released so that the fans might have an idea of where the band has come from musically" and that "some tracks have the distinct MATF feel to them and others are quite unlike anything else they have ever written before."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Dwayne Dassing and Gary Dassing

## Personnel

Adapted from the Continuum liner notes.
Mentallo & The Fixer
* Dwayne Dassing (as The Fixer) – programming, mastering
* Gary Dassing (as Mentallo) – vocals, programming
Production and design
* Ric Laciak – design
* Chris Spoonts – mastering

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1995 | Metropolis | CD | MET 013 |
| Germany | 1995 | Off Beat | CD | SPV 080-22392 |
| Belgium | 2018 | Alfa Matrix | DL | AM3255DJ |
# Cyriopagopus albostriatus

Cyriopagopus albostriatus, commonly known as zebra leg tarantula is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae, found in Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia.

## Name

Its name comes from the Latin prefix albo, meaning white, and the Latin word striatus, meaning lines or striped.

## Description

It is a moderately large fossorial species, which spends most of its time in a burrow.
This species has white stripes going down each leg, and a white zig-zag pattern on its opisthosoma (abdomen). These patterns on a black background have earned it the common name Thai zebra tarantula. This tarantula is very skittish and defensive, and it can also be very aggressive. It is an Old World tarantula, so has no urticating hairs; its only defenses are biting and fleeing. This tarantula is known to have more potent venom than many tarantula species, but Cyriopagopus albostriatus venom was shown in a study to have the ability to regulate activity in voltage-gated sodium channels, which are promising therapeutic targets for people with chronic pain. This suggests potential for the venom of this tarantula to be an analgesic treatment.

## As food

Cyriopagopus albostriatus is edible and used as food. When fried, these spiders are sold on the streets of Cambodia. Cooked correctly, C. albostriatus is high in protein.
# Cerda

Cerda is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Palermo in the Sicily region, Southern Italy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Palermo.
Cerda borders the following municipalities: Aliminusa, Collesano, Sciara, Scillato, Sclafani Bagni, Termini Imerese and Montemaggiore Belsito.
# 1936 World Table Tennis Championships – Women's team

The 1936 World Table Tennis Championships – Corbillon Cup (women's team) was the third edition of the women's team championship.
Czechoslovakia won the gold medal with a perfect 9–0 round robin match record. Germany and the United States tied for the silver medal with a 7–2 record. No bronze medal was awarded.

## Final table

| Pos | Team | P | W | L | Squad |
| 1 | Czechoslovakia | 9 | 9 | 0 | Marie Kettnerová, Marie Šmídová, Gertrude Kleinová, Věra Votrubcová |
| 2 | United States | 9 | 7 | 2 | Ruth Aarons, Jessie Purves, Corinne Migneco |
| 2 | Germany | 9 | 7 | 2 | Hilde Bussmann, Anita Felguth, Astrid Krebsbach |
| 4 | Austria | 9 | 6 | 3 | Gertrude Pritzi, von Benes, Gertrude Wildam |
| 5 | Hungary | 9 | 5 | 4 | Magda Gál, Mária Mednyánszky, Ida Ferenczy, Magda Kiraly |
| 5 | England | 9 | 5 | 4 | Dinah Newey, Lillian Hutchings, Margaret Osborne, Wendy Woodhead |
| 7 | France | 9 | 3 | 6 | Carmen Delarue, Ginette Soulage |
| 8 | Belgium | 9 | 2 | 7 | Mary Stevens, Josee Evrard |
| 9 | Netherlands | 9 | 1 | 8 | Aartje Kappelhoff, Clara Van West, Telma Kiek |
| 10 | Lithuania | 9 | 0 | 9 | Birute Nasvytyte, Stefanija Astrauskaite, Genovaite Miuleraite |
# Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen

Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen is a 1981 comedy–mystery film directed by Clive Donner that stars Peter Ustinov, Angie Dickinson and Lee Grant. It is the last film to feature the titular character.

## Plot

Retired detective Charlie Chan is asked for his help by the San Francisco police to solve a new series of murders. This time his usual sidekick, "Number One Son" Lee Chan, has been replaced by Lee's own son, Lee Chan, Jr.
The prime suspect in the killings is a shadowy lady known as the Dragon Queen, but soon Chan's suspicions fall elsewhere. Among those at risk are Lee's maternal grandmother, Mrs. Lupowitz. Even though Lee Jr. is (as usual) rarely accurate in reading clues, he has the love and full support of his beautiful fiancée Cordelia.

## Cast

* Peter Ustinov as Charlie Chan
* Lee Grant as Mrs. Lupowitz
* Angie Dickinson as The Dragon Queen
* Richard Hatch as Lee Chan Jr.
* Brian Keith as Police Chief Baxter
* Roddy McDowall as Gillespie
* Rachel Roberts as Mrs. Dangers
* Michelle Pfeiffer as Cordelia Farenington
* Paul Ryan as Masten
* Johnny Sekka as Stefan

## Reception
### Critical response

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 33% of 6 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 5.50/10. TV Guide gives Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen 0 out of 5 stars.
Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel loathed the movie, giving it two "no" votes on their public television series Sneak Previews, and later listing it as one of the worst movies of 1981.
Conversely, critic Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in his review: "Clive Donner's Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen... is loose-limbed, immensely good-natured entertainment that moves easily between parody and slapstick without ever doing damage to the memories of the character who, in the 1950s and 1960s, gained something of a following as a figure of camp."

## Release

Charlie Chan and the Curse of the Dragon Queen was released in theatres on February 13, 1981, by American Cinema Productions.

## Home media

The film was released on DVD on September 7, 2004, by Trinity Home Entertainment.
# Panorpa helena

Panorpa helena is a species of common scorpionfly in the family Panorpidae. It is found in North America.