# Directly struck membranophones

Directly struck membranophones is one of the sub-categories of musical instruments found in the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification. The type of membranophones or drums found in this group are those instruments that produce sound when struck directly by the performer. The membrane of these drums is hit with a stick, the hand, or something else. Drums that produce sound by means of plucking an attached string or by means of friction are grouped in a different category.
211.1 Instruments in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped (kettle drums)
211.11 Single instruments
211.12 Sets of instruments
211.2 Instruments in which the body is tubular (tubular drums)
211.21 Instruments in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end (cylindrical drums)
211.211 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.211.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
211.211.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.212 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.212.1 Single instruments
211.212.2 Sets of instruments
211.22 Instruments in which the body is barrel-shaped (barrel drums)
211.221 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.221.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
211.221.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.222 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.222.1 Single instruments
211.222.2 Sets of instruments
211.23 Instruments in which the body is double-conical
211.231 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.231.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
211.231.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.232 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.232.1 Single instruments
211.232.2 Sets of instruments
211.24 Instruments in which the body is hourglass-shaped
211.241 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.241.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
211.241.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.242 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.242.1 Single instruments
211.242.2 Sets of instruments
211.25 Instruments in which the body is conical-shaped (conical drums)
211.251 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.251.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
211.251.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.252 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.252.1 Single instruments
211.252.2 Sets of instruments
211.26 Instruments in which the body is goblet-shaped (goblet drums)
211.261 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.261.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
211.261.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.262 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.262.1 Single instruments
211.262.2 Sets of instruments
211.3 Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane (frame drums)
211.31 Instruments which do not have a handle
211.311 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.312 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.32 Instruments which have a handle
211.321 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.322 Instruments which have two usable membranes