OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crystal Springs, Ohio

Crystal Springs is an unincorporated community in Stark County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

A post office was established at Crystal Springs in 1874, and remained in operation until 1916. Besides the post office, Crystal Springs had a gristmill.
# Crystal Springs Creek

Crystal Springs Creek, a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) tributary of Johnson Creek, flows entirely within the city of Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. The stream rises from springs near the Reed College campus in the southeastern part of the city and runs generally southwest to meet Johnson Creek in the Portland neighborhood of Sellwood.
The creek's even flow and cool year-round temperature make it a good place for fish, including coho and chinook salmon and steelhead. Steelhead populations are within the Lower Columbia River Steelhead distinct population segment as listed as threatened (2011). Coho salmon populations are within the Lower Columbia River Coho Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) and listed as threatened (2011). Chinook salmon populations are within the Lower Columbia River Chinook ESU and listed as threatened (2011). The stream has been designated critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act. To improve the habitat, the city is replacing old culverts that impede fish passage, and Reed College is working to improve habitat and fish passage near the headwaters at Reed Lake.

## Course

From Reed Lake and Blue Bridge on the Reed College campus, the stream flows west under Southeast 28th Avenue, then south around Crystal Springs Lake and the Crystal Springs Rhododendron Garden, which are on the left bank. Flowing south through the Eastmoreland Golf Course, the creek receives the overflow from Crystal Springs Lake. Further downstream, Crystal Springs Creek flows southwest under the tracks of the Union Pacific Railroad and Oregon Route 99E (Southeast McLoughlin Boulevard). Turning sharply south again, the stream passes through residential neighborhoods, Westmoreland Park, and Johnson Creek Park, where it meets Johnson Creek. About 1 mile (1.6 km) further downstream, Johnson Creek empties into the Willamette River 18.5 miles (29.8 km) above its confluence with the Columbia River.
# Acer yinkunii

Acer yinkunii is a rare Asian species of maple. It has been found only in Guangxi Province in southern China.
Acer yinkunii is a shrub or small tree up to 5 meters tall with brown or purple bark. Leaves are non-compound, up to 5.5 cm wide and 2 cm across, leathery, with no lobes but a long tapering point at the tip.
# Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite

Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite (ORBIS) is a small space telescope still in development by Japan that will study binary black holes in the X-ray region.
The ORBIS concept won the first prize at the 18th Satellite Design Contest in 2010, and of 2015 it was on preliminary design and undergoing thermal simulations by the Tokyo Metropolitan University with support from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS).
The spacecraft will have a mass of about 46 kg and it features a propulsion system using 60 wt% hydrogen peroxide. Launch was aimed for 2020.

## Scientific objectives

Binary black holes (BBHs) are believed to be formed during the merger and growth of galaxies. Although several binary blackhole candidates have been identified, they have yet to be verified by long-term observations. In order to ascertain that an object is a BBH, periodical luminosity change in X-ray wavelength must be detected. However, continuous observation of BBHs by large X-ray telescopes is difficult as such spacecraft are used by many groups and have numerous observation targets. Since microsatellites have comparatively low-cost, flexibility, and can fly more often than large spacecraft, they can conduct unique studies where risks are associated. As ORBIS is dedicated to study BBHs, it can conduct continuous observation of such bodies. The scientific goals of the microsatellite is to uncover the growth process of black holes and galaxies, and to and contribute to gravitational-wave astronomy.
Some simulations have concluded that after crossing a certain distance, the energy dissipation of two approaching black holes ceases, result in them not getting closer any further. However, the merger of black holes is expected to occur during the collision of galaxies. This unsolved problem is known as the final parsec problem. By finding and studying black holes less than 1 pc apart, ORBIS aims to resolve this issue.
# Tarbertshire

55°48′N 5°48′W﻿ / ﻿55.8°N 5.8°W﻿ / 55.8; -5.8 Tarbertshire, or the sheriffdom of Tarbert, was a shire of Scotland until 1633, when it was annexed to Argyll. It comprised the mainland peninsula formed by Knapdale and Kintyre, together with the southern Inner Hebrides to the west.

## History

It has been suggested that Robert the Bruce, who extended Tarbert Castle, created or intended a sheriffdom there; however, the first reference to Tarbertshire is in 1481, when Knapdale (back then including the lands between Loch Awe and Loch Fyne) was transferred to it from Perthshire. The shire town was Tarbert, but the sheriff court was latterly at Inveraray in Argyllshire. The Earl of Argyll family of Campbells often supplied the Sheriff of Tarbert and other officials of both Argyll and Tarbert.
Although shires elected commissioners to the Parliament of Scotland from 1590, it was not until the 1628–33 Parliament of Charles I that Tarbert is known to have sent one: Sir Lachlan Maclean of Morvern. Since this was the Parliament that abolished Tarbertshire, Maclean was its last commissioner. (In the 1630 session roll, Sir Coll Lamont, laird of Lamont, is said to represent "Argyll and Tarbert".)
# Neptis paula

Neptis paula, or Paula's sailer, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana and western Nigeria. The habitat consists of forests.
# Myrmecia exigua

Myrmecia exigua is an Australian ant which belongs to the genus Myrmecia. This species is native to Australia. Myrmecia exigua has only been observed in the north west of Victoria. It was first described by John S. Clark in 1943.
The Myrmecia exigua is one of the smallest species of bull ants. The head and gaster are a blackish-brown colour, mandibles yellow; antennae, pronotum, legs and several other features are brown, almost all of the tarsi is a reddish yellow colour, and the node is a red colour.
# NJJ

NJJ or njj may refer to:
* New Jersey Junction Railroad, a defunct railroad in New Jersey, United States
* njj, the ISO 639-3 code for Njen language, Cameroon
# Nonlocal

Nonlocal may refer to:
* Action at a distance, direct interaction of physical objects that are not in proximity
* Conjugated system (or nonlocalized bond), in chemistry, a conjugated system is a system of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in compounds with alternating single and multiple bonds, which in general may lower the overall energy of the molecule and increase stability
* Nonlocal goto, an abstract representation of the control state of a computer program
* Nonlocal Lagrangian, in field theory, a type of functional ${\mathcal {L}}\phi (x)$ which contains terms which are nonlocal in the fields i.e. which are not polynomials or functions of the fields or their derivatives evaluated at a single point in the space of dynamical parameters (e.g. space-time)
** Other nonlocal relationships in physics, such as Pippard's nonlocal generalisation of the Londons' equations for superconductivity
* Non-local means, an algorithm in image processing for image denoising
* Nonlocal operator, which maps functions on a topological space to functions, in such a way that the value of the output function at a given point cannot be determined solely from the values of the input function in any neighbourhood of any point.
* Non-local variable, in programming language theory, a variable that is not defined in the local scope
** nonlocal, a statement in Python 3 that causes identifiers to refer to their bindings in outer enclosing scopes
# Nogodininae

The Nogodininae are a sub-family of tropical planthoppers erected by Leopold Melichar in 1898. The recorded distribution is: South America, Africa and the Middle East, South and SE Asia through to Australia.

## Tribes and Genera

Fulgoromorpha Lists On the Web lists 8 tribes:

### Bilbiliini Gnezdilov, 2017

* Bilbilis Stål, 1861 - Australia

### Epacriini

Auth. Gerstaecker, 1895 - Africa & Middle East
* Afronias Fennah, 1967
* Colpocara Bergroth, 1920
* Criopaca Schmidt, 1918
* Diazanus Hesse, 1925
* Epacria (insect) Gerstaecker, 1895
* Gamergomimus Fennah, 1984
* Kiomonia Schmidt, 1911
* Mangola (insect) Melichar, 1906
* Mikewilsonia Holzinger, 2019
* Monteira Melichar, 1906
* Morsina Melichar, 1902
* Paramangola Synave, 1956
* Philbyella China, 1938
* Privesomorphus Schmidt, 1912
* Psiadiicola Fennah, 1978

### Lipocalliini

Auth. Fennah, 1984 - Australia
* Bilbilicallia Jacobi, 1928
* Lipocallia Kirkaldy, 1906

### Mithymnini

Aurh. Fennah, 1967 - southern Africa
* Bowesdorpia Synave, 1956
* Colmadona Kirkaldy, 1901
* Fovealvus Gnezdilov & Wilson, 2007
* Mithymna (insect) Stål, 1861
* Paralusanda Synave, 1956
* Stilpnochlaena Fennah, 1967
* Telmessodes Fennah, 1967
* Telmosias Fennah, 1967
* Xosias Kirkaldy, 1904

### Nogodinini

Auth. Melichar, 1898 - South America
* subtribe Nogodinina Melichar, 1898
* Biolleyana Distant, 1909
* Neovarcia Schmidt, 1919
* Nogodina Stål, 1859
* Orthothyreus Schmidt, 1919
* Varciopsis Jacobi, 1916
* subtribe Vutinina Fennah, 1978
* Vutina Stål, 1862

### Pisachini

Auth. Fennah, 1978 - Japan to SE Asia
* Goniopsara Metcalf, 1952 - monotypic: G. (as Goniopsis) mystica Melichar, 1899 from Sumatra
* Goniopsarites Meng, Wang & Wang, 2014
* Pisacha Distant, 1906

### Tongini

Auth. Kirkaldy, 1907 - Madagascar, S & SE Asia to Australia
* Andrewsiella Izzard, 1936
* Atylana Melichar, 1906
* Capelopterum Melichar, 1906
* Chondroptera Bergroth, 1910
* Cotylana Fennah, 1954
* Distiana Metcalf, 1952
* Epitonga Fennah, 1954
* Forculus (insect) Distant, 1912
* Forculusoides Distant, 1916
* Glyphotonga Schmidt, 1910
* Hemitonga Schmidt, 1911
* Lollius (insect) Stål, 1866
* Neolollius Muir, 1921
* Orthophana Melichar, 1923
* Oryxana Distant, 1910
* Paratonga Schmidt, 1910
* Paratylana Melichar, 1906
* Pseudotylana Melichar, 1906
* Scalabis (insect) Stål, 1870
* Tonga (insect) Kirkaldy, 1900
* Tylana Stål, 1861

### Varciini

Auth. Fennah, 1978 - South & SE Asia to Australia
* subtribe Sassulina Fennah, 1978
* Aphanophrys Melichar, 1898
* Decoomana Lallemand, 1942
* Mindura Stål, 1862
* Paradetya Schmidt, 1919
* Sassula Stål, 1870
* subtribe Varciina Fennah, 1978
* Convarcia Schmidt, 1919
* Detya Distant, 1906
* Miriza Stål, 1862
* Paravarcia Schmidt, 1919
* Probletomus Gerstaecker, 1895
* Varcia Stål, 1870
* Varciella Melichar, 1923

### Extinct genera

Includes:
* †Tainosia Szwedo & Stroiński, 2001
* †Tonocatecutlius
# Nogodan

Nogodan is a mountain of Jeollanam-do, southwestern South Korea. It has an elevation of 1,507 metres.
# 22nd Infantry Division (South Korea)

The 22nd Infantry Division (Korean: 제22보병사단) is a military formation of the ROKA. The 22nd division is subordinated to the III Corps and is headquartered in Goseong County, Gangwon Province. It is a frontline division that protects the GOP and GP of Goseong County and Gangwon Province's coastline.

## History

The division was established along with the 25th Infantry Division in Yangyang County, Gangwon on 21 April 1953, at the end of the Korean War. Shortly after the war, on 24 December 1958, it was disbanded. On 1 August 1975, it was re-established as the 88th Infantry Brigade in Goseong County, Gangwon to strengthen the Gangwon's borderline. Seven years later, the unit changed to its original name "22nd Infantry Division".
The 22nd Infantry Division is in charge of 97 kilometers of border line, including 28 kilometers inland and 69 kilometers of shoreline. It is the ROKA's only unit in charge of both the Demilitarized Zone and coastal security. The unit also responsible for immigration-related duties at Geumgang Mountain, which has many hiking paths near the border. 22nd division is regarded by its soldiers as the "grave of general's stars" since numerous divisional commanders have been reprimanded as a result of the extensive areas of responsibility and the heavy workload of soldiers that have resulted in incidents along the border.

## Organization

* Headquarters:
** Headquarters Company
** Donghae CIQ
** Intelligence Company
** Air Defense Company
** Reconnaissance Battalion
** Engineer Battalion
** 28th Armored Battalion (K1 tanks)
** Coastal Surveillance Operation Battalion
** Signal Battalion
** Support Battalion
** Military Police Group
** Medical Battalion
** Chemical Battalion
* 53rd Infantry Brigade (K808 APCs)
* 55th Infantry Brigade (K808 APCs)
* 56th Infantry Brigade (K808 APCs)
* Artillery Brigade (K55A1)
# Cleonymia chabordis

Cleonymia chabordis is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Charles Oberthür in 1876. It is found in North Africa, the Near East and Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Jordan and Israel.
Adults are on wing from January to April. There is one generation per year.
# Donald Macdonald (minister)

Donald Macdonald (1825 – 20 August 1901) was one of two ministers in the founding Presbytery of the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland, which separated in 1893 from the Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900) as the result of a Protest at the meeting of the General Assembly of the Free Church on 25 May 1893 by Donald Macfarlane against the Declaratory Act passed by the General Assembly in 1892 modifying the church's adherence to the Westminster Confession of Faith, believing that it thereby 'altered and vitiated' the constitution of the Free Church in law.
Macdonald was born at Langash in the parish of North Uist in 1825. He became the Free Church of Scotland minister in Shieldaig in 1872 but he was evicted from his church and manse in 1893. His biographer wrote: “The Assembly of 1877 presented them [the minister and his congregation] with church and manse in consideration of their faithful adherence to the principles of the Free Church; the Assembly of 1893 deprived them of these gifts for the very same reason!”$^{:35}$
He supported the separation of Rev Donald MacFarlane, Raasay, from the Free Church in May 1893 in protest at the church's Declaratory Act. With MacFarlane, he founded the first presbytery of the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland in August of that year. Like him, he was supported by most of his own congregation but evicted from church and manse by ministers and elders in their respective presbyteries who had stayed within the Free Church.
After worshipping in the open air a new church was opened in 1895 for the newly formed Shieldaig congregation of the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland and a new manse completed in 1897.
MacDonald and MacFarlane saw the body they founded together grow substantially. His preaching was highly valued and sometimes compared to that of the Rev Archibald Cook of Daviot, Highland Inverness-shire.$^{:1,28,32,41,50,53}$
He died on 20 August 1901 in his manse at Shieldaig and was buried in Applecross cemetery, followed by his wife Mary who died on 17 August 1909.

## Works and Publications

* Creation and the Fall; A Defence and Exposition of the First Three Chapters of Genesis (1856)
# Donald Macaulay, Baron Macaulay of Bragar

Donald Macaulay, Baron Macaulay of Bragar, QC (14 November 1933 – 12 June 2014) was a British Labour politician and member of the House of Lords.
He was educated at Clydebank High School and Glasgow University, where he read law. He became an advocate at the Scottish Bar in 1963 and a Queen's Counsel in 1975.
He contested Inverness at the 1970 general election. He served on the Bryden Committee on the visual identification of suspects following the Devlin Report of 1976.
He was created a life peer as Baron Macaulay of Bragar, of Bragar in the County of Ross and Cromarty on 9 January 1989. He served as Opposition spokesman for Scottish Legal Affairs in the 1990s.
Lord Macaulay died on 12 June 2014.
# Norman Holwell

Norman Albert Holwell (6 September 1928 – 7 April 2020) was a British speed skater. He competed in four events at the 1952 Winter Olympics.
# 22R-Hydroxycholesterol

22R-Hydroxycholesterol, or (3β)-cholest-5-ene-3,22-diol is an endogenous, metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones from cholesterol. Cholesterol ((3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol) is hydroxylated by cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) to form 22R-hydroxycholesterol, which is subsequently hydroxylated again by P450scc to form 20α,22R-dihydroxycholesterol, and finally the bond between carbons 20 and 22 is cleaved by P450scc to form pregnenolone ((3β)-3-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one), the precursor to the steroid hormones.
It is an agonist of the liver X receptor.
# Clișova

Clișova is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
# 1973 Angolan Legislative Assembly election

Elections to a Legislative Assembly were held for the first and only time in Portuguese Angola between 19 and 27 March 1973.

## Background

On 2 May 1972 the Portuguese National Assembly passed the Organic Law for the Overseas Territories, which provided for greater autonomy for overseas territories. Angola was to have a 53-member Legislative Assembly, of which 32 would be elected. The remainder would be nominated by public services, religious groups and business groups.
Candidates were required to be Portuguese citizens who had lived in Angola for more than three years and be able to read and write Portuguese. Voters were required to be literate. As the Portuguese constitution banned political parties at the time, the majority of candidates were put forward by the ruling People's National Action movement, although some civic associations were allowed to nominate candidates.

## Results

Out of a total population of 5,673,046, only 584,000 people registered to vote. Voter turnout was 85.6%. The elected members included 29 whites and 24 blacks.
# Norman Rowlstone Jarrett

Norman Rowlstone Jarrett CMG (1889 – 21 June 1982) was a British colonial administrator in Malaya.

## Career

Norman Rowlstone Jarrett was born in 1889, only son of Mr and Mrs Arthur Jarrett of Brighton, and joined the Malay civil service as a cadet in 1912. In 1915, he was appointed assistant Controller of Labour in Penang, and then served in various positions including assistant District Officer, Klang (1917), District Officer, Kuala Langat (1922), District Officer, Ulu Selangor (1925), assistant Controller of Labour (1925), District Officer, Krian (1931), and District Officer Klang (1933).
From 1933-34, he was acting British Adviser to Terengganu, and again from 1936-37, having been appointed to act as Under Secretary of the Federated Malay States in 1934.
In 1939, he went to Singapore to take up the position of Food Controller for the colony. In the same year he was also appointed Comptroller of Customs for the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States, and was sworn in as a member of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements. He introduced measures to control the supply and price of food during the wartime administration to ensure adequate supply and to prevent profiteering.
In 1941, he went to Kuala Lumpur and acted as the last British Resident of Selangor. From 1942 to 1945, during the Second World War, he was interned as POW in Changi and Sime Road camps in Singapore, and was the camp's quartermaster. After the war he returned to England, and from 1946 to 1953 was the Secretary of the Association of British Malaya in London.

## Personal life and death

Jarrett married twice; to Doris Elaine Griffith in 1916, and to Violet Wilkinson in 1939. He died on 21 June 1982, aged 93.

## Honours

Jarrett was appointed CMG in the 1946 New Year Honours.
# Cultiva

Kristiansand Kommunes Energiverksstiftelse, trading as Cultiva, is a foundation established by Kristiansand Municipality to "secure jobs and good quality of live" through grants to projects within art, culture, knowledge institution, and innovation. The foundation was established on 6 December 2000, and received the money the municipality received when it sold its share of Agder Energi to Statkraft. As of 2010, it had capital of NOK 1,359 million, after NOK 350 million had been transferred to Stiftelsen for store kulturanlegg i Kristiansand. The current managing director is Erling Valvik and chairman of the board is Ansgar Gabrielsen.
# 2017–18 National First Division

The 2017–18 National First Division was the season from August 2017 to May 2018 of South Africa's second tier of professional soccer, the National First Division.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Highlands Park | 30 | 21 | 6 | 3 | 65 | 13 | +52 | 69 | Promotion to 2018–19 South African Premier Division |
| 2 | Black Leopards | 30 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 42 | 21 | +21 | 50 | Qualification to Promotion play-offs |
| 3 | Jomo Cosmos | 30 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 46 | 35 | +11 | 49 | Qualification to Promotion play-offs |
| 4 | Real Kings F.C. | 30 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 34 | 25 | +9 | 45 | |
| 5 | Witbank Spurs | 30 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 35 | 30 | +5 | 45 | |
| 6 | Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila | 30 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 32 | 44 | −12 | 41 | |
| 7 | Cape Town All Stars | 30 | 9 | 13 | 8 | 29 | 26 | +3 | 40 | |
| 8 | Stellenbosch F.C. | 30 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 29 | 36 | −7 | 40 | |
| 9 | Royal Eagles | 30 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 40 | 41 | −1 | 36 | |
| 10 | University of Pretoria | 30 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 35 | 46 | −11 | 36 | |
| 11 | Uthongathi | 30 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 21 | 25 | −4 | 34 | |
| 12 | Richards Bay | 30 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 27 | 40 | −13 | 34 | |
| 13 | Mbombela United | 30 | 10 | 6 | 14 | 28 | 40 | −12 | 36 | |
| 14 | Ubuntu Cape Town | 30 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 31 | 38 | −7 | 32 | |
| 15 | Super Eagles F.C. | 30 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 26 | 40 | −14 | 32 | Relegation to 2018–19 SAFA Second Division |
| 16 | Mthatha Bucks | 30 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 27 | 47 | −20 | 22 | Relegation to 2018–19 SAFA Second Division |
* ↑ The league license for Milano United F.C. was purchased by ABC Motsepe franchise Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila F.C. after the fixtures had been announced but before the fixtures had taken place.
* ↑ The first season for Richards Bay F.C., the club was created following the sale of the league license to AmaZulu F.C.
* ↑ The first season for Ubuntu Cape Town F.C., the club was created following the purchase of the league license of F.C. Cape Town

## Playoffs

| Pos | Lge | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | NFD | Black Leopards (P) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 4 | +2 | 8 | Promotion to 2018–19 South African Premier Division |
| 2 | NFD | Jomo Cosmos | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 5 | |
| 3 | PRE | Platinum Stars (R) | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | −2 | 2 | Relegation to 2018–19 National First Division |
# Mount Bahr Aseman

Mount Bahr Aseman (Kuh-e Bahr Aseman) is a mountain located approximately 15 kilometres south of the town of Sarduiyeh and about 60 kilometres east of the city of Baft in Kerman Province in southeast Iran. With an elevation of 3,886 metres, the mountain is among high peaks of Iran. Made chiefly of Eocene pyroclastic rocks, Mount Bahr Aseman is situated in a central Iranian range, Sahand-Bazman volcanic range or belt, a mountain range which was formed mainly during Eocene volcanism and that stretches approximately from Sahand Volcano in the north-west of Iran to Bazman Volcano in the south-east of Iran.
# Myrmecia fabricii

Myrmecia fabricii is an Australian ant in the genus Myrmecia native to Australia, with specimens mainly found in the state of Queensland. It was described by Ogata and Taylor in 1991.
Their appearance is similar to jack jumper ants, but more of a dark brownish colour with darker jaws and darker legs.