OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fernando II, Duke of Braganza

Dom Fernando II of Braganza (Portuguese pronunciation:; 1430 – 20 June 1483) was the 3rd Duke of Braganza and the 1st Duke of Guimarães, among other titles. He is known for being executed for treason against the King.

## Early life

Fernando II, born in 1430, was a successful young man and quickly grew popular amongst the Portuguese nobility. He was most appreciated by King Afonso V of Portugal, and always escorted the King on his different incursions into Morocco, where he participated in several conquests and expeditions. Being favored by King Afonso V, Fernando was created Count of Guimarães in 1464. He was soon upgraded to Duke of Guimarães in 1475.
Fernando II took part in the War of the Castilian Succession. Following King Henry IV of Castile's death, the King's daughter and heir, Joanna La Beltraneja, married to King Afonso V, was proclaimed "Queen of Castile", but she had the opposition of her half-aunt (the future queen Isabella I of Castile) to contend with. The Portuguese invaded Castile, and during the Battle of Toro, Fernando was responsible for Queen Joanna’s safety.
When his father, Fernando I, 2nd Duke of Braganza, died in 1478, Fernando II inherited the various titles of his father, the most important and noteworthy being the title of Duke of Braganza. At this time, the House of Braganza was the most powerful noble house in the Kingdom of Portugal (with its seat at Vila Viçosa) and one of the most powerful ones in all of the Iberian Kingdoms. During that period, the Dukes of Braganza resided at Vila Viçosa Castle.

## Treason and downfall

When King John II of Portugal succeeded his father, King Afonso V, he sought to bring down the power of the Portuguese nobility, which had greatly flourished under his father's reign. The King heavily focused on diminishing the powers of the two most powerful noble houses in the kingdom, the House of Beja and Viseu and the House of Braganza.
King John II accused Fernando of Braganza, his second half-cousin, of high treason and had him executed at Évora in 1483. Afterwards, the assets of the House of Braganza were confiscated and the family fled to Castile. Shortly after, in 1484, John accused his first cousin, Diogo I of Beja and Viseu (brother-in-law of Fernando II), of the same offense and stabbed him to death.

## Marriage and issue

Fernando II of Braganza married twice. His first marriage was to D. Leonor de Menezes; they had no issue. He later married Isabella of Viseu (daughter of Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Beja and Viseu, and sister of King Manuel I of Portugal) in 1472, with whom he had four children, though only two reached adulthood.
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
| Filipe of Braganza | unknown | unknown | |
| Jaime I of Braganza | October 1479 | 20 September 1532 | 11th Count of Barcelos, 8th Count of Ourém, 5th Count of Arraiolos and Neiva, 4th Duke of Braganza, 3rd Marquis of Vila Viçosa, 2nd Duke of Guimarães |
| Dinis of Braganza | 1481 | 1516 | 6th Count of Lemos |
| Margarida of Braganza | unknown | unknown | |

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Fernando II, Duke of Braganza :
# 1732 in architecture

The year 1732 in architecture involved some significant events.

## Buildings and structures
### Buildings

* August – York Assembly Rooms in England, designed by Lord Burlington, are opened. The Mansion House, York, is also completed this year.
* October 2 – Goodman's Fields Theatre, London, designed by Edward Shepherd, is opened.
* December 7 – Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, London, designed by Edward Shepherd, is opened.
* Trinity College Library in Dublin, designed by Thomas Burgh, is completed.
* Nicola Salvi begins work on the new Trevi Fountain in Rome.
* Work on Palais Rohan in Strasbourg, designed by Robert de Cotte, is started

## Awards

* Prix de Rome, architecture: Jean-Laurent Legeay.

## Births

* April 22 – John Johnson, English architect (died 1814)
* July 21 – James Adam, Scottish-born architect (died 1794)
* December 15 – Carl Gotthard Langhans, Prussian architect (died 1808)

## Deaths

* Giacomo Amato, Sicilian architect (born 1643)
# Equitable conversion

Equitable conversion is a doctrine of the law of real property under which a purchaser of real property becomes the equitable owner of title to the property at the time he/she signs a contract binding him/her to purchase the land at a later date. The seller retains legal title of the property prior to the date of conveyance, but this land interest is considered personal property (a right to the payment of money, rather than a right to the property). The risk of loss is then transferred to the buyer – if a house on the property burns down after the contract has been signed, but before the deed is conveyed, the buyer will nevertheless have to pay the agreed-upon purchase price for the land unless the seller in possession or deemed in possession has failed to protect it. Such issues can and should be avoided by parties by stipulating in the contract who will bear the loss in such occurrences. The above rule varies by jurisdiction, but is the general rule.

## Effect of death of a party

If one of the parties dies after the contract for sale of the property has been executed, the doctrine will govern how that party's interest will pass to his heirs. For example, the seller wills his real property to his son, and his personal property to his daughter. If the seller dies after a contract for conveyance is signed by a buyer, the seller's interest in the land will be treated as personal property, and the proceeds of the sale will pass to his daughter. In most jurisdictions, the real property interest created by the contract will pass to the buyer's heirs, while the seller's personal property interest created by the contract will pass to the seller's estate.
The State of New York does not recognize equitable conversion. In New York, as long as the buyer is without fault, the risk of loss remains on the seller until the buyer takes title or possession.

## Uniform Vendor and Purchaser Risk Act

A growing minority of States have adopted the Uniform Vendor and Purchaser Risk Act (UVPRA) in one form or another. The UVPRA bases the legal consequences of no-fault casualty loss on the right of possession of the property at the time the loss occurs. See Brush Grocery Kart v. Sure Fine Market, 47 P. 3d 680 (Colo. 2002). Generally, the provisions of the UVPRA can be modified or avoided in the Land Sale Contract.

## The "Massachusetts Rule"

In Massachusetts and a handful of other states, the seller continues to bear the risk until the title is actually transferred to the buyer, unless there is an agreement to the contrary. See Brush Grocery Kart v. Sure Fine Market, 47 P. 3d 680 (Colo. 2002).
# Orthogonius simplicatus

Orthogonius simplicatus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Tian & Deuve in 2006.
# ATC code A01

ATC code A01 Stomatological preparations is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. Subgroup A01 is part of the anatomical group A Alimentary tract and metabolism.
Codes for veterinary use (ATCvet codes) can be created by placing the letter Q in front of the human ATC code: for example, QA01. National issues of the ATC classification may include additional codes not present in this list, which follows the WHO version.

## A01A Stomatological preparations
### A01AA Caries prophylactic agents

    A01AA01 Sodium fluoride
    A01AA02 Sodium monofluorophosphate
    A01AA03 Olaflur
    A01AA04 Stannous fluoride
    A01AA30 Combinations
    A01AA51 Sodium fluoride, combinations

### A01AB Anti-infectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment

    A01AB02 Hydrogen peroxide
    A01AB03 Chlorhexidine
    A01AB04 Amphotericin B
    A01AB05 Polynoxylin
    A01AB06 Domiphen
    A01AB07 Oxyquinoline
    A01AB08 Neomycin
    A01AB09 Miconazole
    A01AB10 Natamycin
    A01AB11 Various
    A01AB12 Hexetidine
    A01AB13 Tetracycline
    A01AB14 Benzoxonium chloride
    A01AB15 Tibezonium iodide
    A01AB16 Mepartricin
    A01AB17 Metronidazole
    A01AB18 Clotrimazole
    A01AB19 Sodium perborate
    A01AB21 Chlortetracycline
    A01AB22 Doxycycline
    A01AB23 Minocycline
    A01AB24 Octenidine
    A01AB25 Oxytetracycline
    A01AB53 Chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium

### A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment

    A01AC01 Triamcinolone
    A01AC02 Dexamethasone
    A01AC03 Hydrocortisone
    A01AC04 Prednisolone
    A01AC54 Prednisolone, combinations

### A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment

    A01AD01 Epinephrine
    A01AD02 Benzydamine
    A01AD05 Acetylsalicylic acid
    A01AD06 Adrenalone
    A01AD07 Amlexanox
    A01AD08 Becaplermin
    A01AD11 Various
# Cuddeback

Cuddeback is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Leon D. Cuddeback (1898–1984), American aviator
* William H. Cuddeback (1852–1919), American lawyer and politician
* Zachary Cuddeback (died 2011), American shooting victim
# Abacı, Amasya

Abacı is a village in the Amasya District, Amasya Province, in northern Turkey. Its population is 458 (2021).

## Demographics

In 2012 the village had a population of 526 people. It has a declining population. In 1985 it had 1041 people, and in 2000 it had 728.
# Diving at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 1 m springboard

The women's 1 m springboard competition of the diving events at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships was held on May 18.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Anna Lindberg Sweden | Tania Cagnotto Italy | Nadezhda Bazhina Russia |

## Results

The preliminary round was held at 11:00 local time. The final was held at 17:30.
Green denotes finalists
| Rank | Diver | Nationality | Preliminary | Preliminary | Final | Final |
| Rank | Diver | Nationality | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| | Anna Lindberg | Sweden | 294.15 | 1 | 301.35 | 1 |
| | Tania Cagnotto | Italy | 284.45 | 2 | 281.30 | 2 |
| | Nadezhda Bazhina | Russia | 264.70 | 3 | 275.15 | 3 |
| 4 | Uschi Freitag | Germany | 246.75 | 6 | 269.95 | 4 |
| 5 | Anastasia Pozdniakova | Russia | 257.85 | 4 | 259.45 | 5 |
| 6 | Katja Dieckow | Germany | 243.15 | 7 | 254.70 | 6 |
| 7 | Francesca Dallapé | Italy | 242.00 | 8 | 251.50 | 7 |
| 8 | Inge Jansen | Netherlands | 232.15 | 12 | 247.45 | 8 |
| 9 | Marion Farissier | France | 236.95 | 10 | 242.75 | 9 |
| 10 | Rhea Gayle | Great Britain | 236.10 | 11 | 242.70 | 10 |
| 11 | Alicia Blagg | Great Britain | 255.95 | 5 | 235.05 | 11 |
| 12 | Hanna Pysmenska | Ukraine | 237.75 | 9 | 229.95 | 12 |
| 13 | Sophie Somloi | Austria | 229.50 | 13 | | |
| 14 | Nòra Barta | Hungary | 222.80 | 14 | | |
| 15 | Iira Laatunen | Finland | 222.00 | 15 | | |
| 16 | Taina Karvonen | Finland | 214.80 | 16 | | |
| 17 | Ksenia Kondrashenkova | Belarus | 211.55 | 17 | | |
| 18 | Alena Khamulkina | Belarus | 209.90 | 18 | | |
| 19 | Jennifer Granath | Sweden | 209.60 | 19 | | |
| 20 | Patrycja Pyrzak | Poland | 204.85 | 20 | | |
| 21 | Leyre Eizaguirre | Spain | 204.60 | 21 | | |
| 22 | Magdalena Chlanda | Poland | 199.20 | 22 | | |
| 23 | Celine van Duijn | Netherlands | 192.65 | 23 | | |
# 1732 in Ireland

Events from the year 1732 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: George II

## Events

* 8 March – report of a House of Lords committee on the 'state of popery'.
* 10 March – act reduces the interest rate on loans to 6%.
* Conor Begley and Hugh MacCartin's English-Irish dictionary is published in Paris.
* Trinity College Library in Dublin, designed by Thomas Burgh, is completed.

## Births

* 15 May – John Blaquiere, 1st Baron de Blaquiere, soldier and politician (d. 1812)
* 25 November – Robert Clements, 1st Earl of Leitrim, politician (d. 1804)
* Full date unknown – Henry Flood, statesman (d. 1791)

## Deaths

* 3 July (buried) – Mary Davys, novelist, poet and playwright (b. 1674)
* 7 July – John Sale, lawyer and MP (b. circa 1675)
* 2 December – Constantia Grierson, editor, poet and classical scholar (b. 1705)
# 1962–63 Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball team

The 1962–63 Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball team was an NCAA University Division college basketball team competing in the Mid-American Conference. They finished with 19 wins and 8 losses, and in conference play, they led the MAC with 9 wins and 3 losses. In the 1963 NCAA tournament, they beat Notre Dame in the Mideast regional quarterfinal before falling to Illinois in the regional semifinal.
# ABCB5

ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5 also known as P-glycoprotein ABCB5 is a plasma membrane-spanning protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCB5 gene. ABCB5 is an ABC transporter and P-glycoprotein family member principally expressed in physiological skin and human malignant melanoma.

## Clinical significance

ABCB5 has been suggested to regulate skin progenitor cell fusion and mediate chemotherapeutic drug resistance in stem-like tumor cell subpopulations in human malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, and malignant pleural mesothelioma. It is commonly over-expressed on circulating melanoma tumour cells. Furthermore, the ABCB5+ melanoma- initiating cells were demonstrated to express FLT1 (VEGFR1) receptor tyrosine kinase which was functionally required for efficient xenograft tumor formation, as demonstrated by shRNA knockdown experiments.
In colorectal cancer, ABCB5 was shown to act as a mediator of 5-FU patient chemoresistance, and had a further direct role in tumorigenesis shown by shRNA-mediated colorectal cancer cell-line ABCB5 knockdowns that impeded tumorigenesis in human-to-mouse xenografts. It has been shown that in some highly aggressive tumors, such as mesothelioma and melanoma, ABCB5 contributes to multi-drug chemotherapy resistance, and tumor growth, controlling a proinflammatory signaling circuit utilizing TLR4, IL-1β, IL8 and CXCR1 signaling involving reciprocal paracrine interactions between the cancer stem cells and tumor bulk population (in a rheostat manner termed "cancer stem cell rheostasis"). ABCB5 was shown to maintain the slow-cycling melanoma stem cells using this cytokine signaling loop, which became more differentiated upon ABCB5 interference (e.g. WFDC1 melanocyte differentiation marker increased, cancer cells were faster growing in vitro, tumors were more pigmented), or CXCR1 blockade (slow-cycling ABCB5+ cells entered the cell-cycle).
In normal physiology, ABCB5 is a functional marker for adult limbal stem cells of the cornea. ABCB5+ cells could regrow a human cornea on a mouse with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD - a blindness disease of the corneal limbus) while ABCB5- cells could not, indicating a therapeutic potential for treating some types of blindness. ABCB5 was further shown to be anti-apoptotic in these adult stem cells.
# Orthogonius saundersi

Orthogonius saundersi is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Andrewes in 1926.
# AIDS (journal)

AIDS is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. It was established in 1987 and is an official journal of the International AIDS Society. It covers all aspects of HIV and AIDS, including basic science, clinical trials, epidemiology, and social science. The editor in chief is Jay A. Levy. Eighteen issues are published annually.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, EMBASE, Index Medicus, MEDLINE, and the Science Citation Index Expanded. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 4.632.
# Peter Calabresi

Peter Arthur Calabresi (born 1962) is an American neuroscientist and neurologist who studies multiple sclerosis. He is Professor of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, where he directs the Division of Neuroimmunology and Johns Hopkins Multiple Sclerosis Center.
Calabresi was awarded a five-year MS center grant from the National MS Society for the study of mechanisms of neurodegeneration and strategies for neuroprotection in MS.

## Early life and education

Peter Arthur Calabresi was born in 1962 in New Haven, Connecticut. His father, Paul Calabresi, was a prominent oncologist who taught at Yale University and Brown University. Peter's brother is legal scholar Steven G. Calabresi.
Calabresi received a Bachelor of Science degree from Yale College in 1984 and an M.D. from Brown University's Alpert Medical School in 1988.

## Career

From 2000 to 2003, Calabresi taught neurology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. He joined the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2003.
# Orthogonius sinuatiphallus

Orthogonius sinuatiphallus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae, found in China. It was described by Tian & Deuve in 2001.
# Diving at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships – Women's 3 m synchro springboard

The women's 3 m springboard synchro competition of the diving events at the 2012 European Aquatics Championships was held on 20 May.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Francesca Dallapé Tania Cagnotto Italy | Hanna Pysmenska Olena Fedorova Ukraine | Katja Dieckow Uschi Freitag Germany |

## Results

The preliminary round was held at 11:00 local time. The final was held at 17:30.
| Rank | Diver | Nationality | Preliminary | Preliminary | Final | Final |
| Rank | Diver | Nationality | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| | Francesca Dallapé Tania Cagnotto | Italy | 299.40 | 3 | 325.50 | 1 |
| | Hanna Pysmenska Olena Fedorova | Ukraine | 290.70 | 5 | 302.10 | 2 |
| | Katja Dieckow Uschi Freitag | Germany | 302.70 | 1 | 296.70 | 3 |
| 4 | Anastasia Pozdniakova Svetlana Filippova | Russia | 293.52 | 4 | 295.80 | 4 |
| 5 | Alicia Blagg Rebecca Gallantree | Great Britain | 302.40 | 2 | 258.90 | 5 |
| 6 | Flóra Gondos Zsófia Reisinger | Hungary | 249.96 | 8 | 251.07 | 6 |
| 7 | Daniella Nero Julia Lönnegren | Sweden | 258.42 | 6 | 244.86 | 7 |
| 8 | Inge Jansen Celine van Duijn | Netherlands | 256.32 | 7 | 242.22 | 8 |
| 9 | Eleni Katsouli Ioulianna Banousi | Greece | 239.43 | 9 | | |
| 9 | Taina Karvonen Iira Laatunen | Finland | 239.43 | 9 | | |
| 11 | Magdalena Chlanda Patrycja Pyrzak | Poland | 226.26 | 11 | | |
# 1647 in France

Events from the year 1647 in France.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Louis XIV
* Regent: Anne of Austria

## Events

* 14 March – Thirty Years' War: France, Bavaria, Cologne, and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.

## Births

* 18 February – Denis-Nicolas Le Nourry, Benedictine scholar (d. 1724)
* 12 March – Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, general (d. 1727)
* 22 August – Denis Papin, inventor (d. 1713 in Great Britain)
* 18 November – Pierre Bayle, philosopher (d. 1706)
* 30 December – Jean Martianay, Benedictine scholar (d. 1717)

## Deaths

* 14 January – François L’Anglois, painter, engraver, printer, bookseller, publisher, and art dealer (b. 1589)
* 1 December – Joseph Gaultier de la Vallette, astronomer (b. 1564)
# 1991 Men's South American Volleyball Championship

The 1991 Men's South American Volleyball Championship, took place in 1991 in São Paulo (Brazil).

## Final positions

| Place | Team |
| | Brazil |
| | Argentina |
| | Venezuela |
| 4 | Peru |
* Sports portal
* This article about a volleyball competition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Orthogonius senegalensis

Orthogonius senegalensis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Pierre François Marie Auguste Dejean in 1831.
# AIDS Care

AIDS Care (subtitle: Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV) is a peer-reviewed medical journal publishing HIV/AIDS research from multiple different disciplines, including psychology and sociology. It was established in 1989 and is published ten times per year by Taylor & Francis. The editor-in-chief is Lorraine Sherr (University College London). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 1.887.
# FK Beluša

FK Beluša is a Slovak association football club located in Beluša. It currently plays in 3.liga západ.

## Current squad

As of 9 June 2019
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 3 | DF | SVK | Peter Jánošík |
| 7 | MF | SVK | Erik Novisedlák |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 10 | FW | SVK | Matej Gorelka (captain) |
| 20 | Gk | SVK | Jozef Ciesar |

## Colors and badge

Its colors are white and blue.
# Orthogonius singaporensis

Orthogonius singaporensis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Tian & Deuve in 2006.
# Crambus microstrigatus

Crambus microstrigatus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1919. It is found in Malawi.
# OS9

OS9, OS-9, or OS 9 may refer to:
* Mac OS 9, an operating system for the Apple Macintosh
* iOS 9, the ninth version of the iOS operating system
* OS-9, a Unix-like real time operating system
* OS/9, an operating system for the UNIVAC
* OS9 (gene), which encodes protein OS-9 in humans
# 1991 Men's African Volleyball Championship

The 1991 Men's African Volleyball Championship was in Cairo, Egypt, with 10 teams participating in the continental championship.

## Teams

* Algeria
* Angola
* Ivory Coast
* Cameroon
* Egypt
* Ghana
* Kenya
* Nigeria
* Tunisia
* Zambia

## Final ranking

| Rank | Team |
| | Algeria |
| | Egypt |
| | Tunisia |
| 4 | Cameroon |
| 5 | Nigeria |
| 6 | Ghana |
| 7 | Kenya |
| 8 | Zambia |
| 9 | Ivory Coast |
| 10 | Angola |
* Qualified for the 1991 FIVB Men's World Cup and the 1992 Summer Olympics
* Qualified for the 1992 Summer Olympics World Qualification
* Qualified for the 1991 FIVB Men's World Cup
* 1991 Men's African champions
* Algeria First title
# ATG4B

Cysteine protease ATG4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATG4B gene.

## Function

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. One main function of Atg4 is to cleave the pre-protein of Atg8, leading to the non-lipidated soluble (-I) form which can be processed further by Atg3, Atg7, Atg5-12 into the lipidated form (-II) anchored to the autophagic membrane.

## Interactions

ATG4B has been shown to interact with GABARAPL2.
# Dheri (Ludhiana East)

Dheri is a village located in the Ludhiana East tehsil, of Ludhiana district, Punjab.

## Administration

The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 254 | | |
| Population | 1236 | 675 | 561 |