OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DESUCA

DESUCA (ですか, Desuka) is a rechargeable contactless smart card ticketing system for public transport in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan, introduced from 25 January 2009. The card is issued by the DESUCA Company (株式会社ですか, Kabushiki gaisha Desuka), founded by Tosa Electric Railway (Tosaden) and Kōchiken Kōtsū. Following the restructuring of the two founder companies, the company is now an affiliate of Tosaden Kōtsū. The name stands for tram (電車, densha), bus (バス, basu) and card.
The card claims to work positive for the environment, as it would encourage using public transport, thus reducing carbon emission. A user is able to add its loyalty point by using the card, as well as by doing something "ecological", such as avoiding a disposable plastic bag at a store.

## Usable area

The card is usable for the following operators' lines:
* Tosaden Kōtsū tram and bus lines (including former Tosaden, Tosaden Dream Service and Kōchiken Kōtsū bus lines)
* Kenkō Hokubu Kōtsū (県交北部交通) bus lines
* Kōchi Kōryō Kōtsū (高知高陵交通) bus lines, between Susaki and Suginokawa or Yusuhara
The card also functions as an electronic money.

## Types of cards

* Corresponding different ages, the card is classified into the three different "colors":
** Orange Card: For elementary school students, usable until April 1 of 12 years old.
** Green Card: For 12 years old and older.
** Purple Card: For 65 years old and older.
* Corresponding functions, the three cards are each classified into three, making the nine different cards in total:
** Unregistered card
** Registered card: Needs registration. The card can be reissued when lost.
** Commuter pass: Needs registration.
# Bay-sur-Aube

Bay-sur-Aube (French pronunciation:, literally Bay on Aube) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in the Grand Est region in northeastern France.
# José Augusto Sánchez Pérez

José Augusto Sánchez Pérez (Madrid, 30 November 1882 – 13 November 1958) was a Spanish mathematician and member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences.
He was professor of mathematics at the Instituto Beatriz de Galindo in Madrid. He published in the history of mathematics, in particular on Islamic mathematics in al-Andalus.
# Czeberaki, Masovian Voivodeship

Czeberaki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stara Kornica, within Łosice County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Łosice and 127 km (79 mi) east of Warsaw.
# José Bernardo

Jose Bernardo may refer to:
* José Bernardo (race driver), Portuguese rally driver in 1973 Rallye de Portugal
* José Bernardo da Silva Cabral (1801–1869), Portuguese politician
* José-Miguel Bernardo (born 1950), Spanish mathematician and statistician
* José Bernardo Sánchez (1778–1833), Spanish missionary
* José Carlos Bernardo (1945–2018), Brazilian footballer
# José Bermejo López

José Bermejo López (1894 in Cartagena, Murcia – 1971) was a Spanish military officer and colonial administrator.

## Biography

Bermejo entered the Spanish Army at an early age, where he made his professional career. At the time of the Spanish coup of July 1936 he was posted in Temsamane commune, in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. After the outbreak of the military uprising, Bermejo joined the Nationalist faction and subsequently participated in the Spanish Civil War.
In May 1940, with the rank of colonel, Bermejo was appointed Politico-Military Governor of Ifni and the Sahara. During the time he held the position, he did an important work in Spanish Sahara, establishing the administrative capital in Sidi Ifni and dividing the territory into three districts. In 1945, he also created the weekly A. O. E. [es] (acronym for África Occidental Española or "Spanish West Africa"), that would soon become the main periodical of the territory. In 1946 the Francoist regime made an administrative reform of the African territories, which became Spanish West Africa. Bermejo continued in his post (now as Governor of the Spanish West Africa), remaining there until August 1949.
He was subsequently assigned to the High Commission of Spain in Morocco [es], where he held various positions such as sub-delegate of Indigenous Affairs [es] and delegate of Education and Culture. In 1958 he was appointed information advisor at the Spanish embassy in Tunisia, a position he held until 1965.
# Cystolepiota albogilva

Cystolepiota albogilva is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

## Taxonomy

It was described in 1989 by the German mycologist Rolf Singer who classified it as Cystolepiota albogilva.

## Description

Cystolepiota albogilva is a small white mushroom with white flesh.
Cap: Up to 1cm wide, convex and flattening with age finally with a slight depression in the centre. The surface is covered with woolly scales (floccosus) which are white at the margins and discolouring yellow towards the centre. Gills: Free, crowded and whitish or pale cream. Stem: 1.5-1.9cm tall and 1-2mm wide.The surface is white and appears smooth and bare but it has a subtle frosted coating that may be more visible with a lens. The stem runs equally to the base where whitish mycelium may be present. There is no stem ring. Spores: Ellipsoidal. Nonamyloid, hyaline or yellowish in KOH. 3.8-5.5 x 2.5 μm. Basidia: 11-13 x 3.5-4.5 μm. Four spored. Smell: Indistinct.

## Habitat and distribution

The specimens studied by Singer were found growing on the ground near Igapó forests in Ponta Negra, Brazil.
# José Francos Rodríguez

José Francos Rodríguez (5 April 1862–11 December 1931) was a Spanish politician and journalist. He served as Mayor of Madrid as well as Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts and Minister of Grace and Justice during the reign of Alfonso XIII.

## Biography

Born on 5 April 1862 in Madrid to a humble family, his father was car driver. He graduated as physician and worked as such for a decade. A Mason and adept to liberal views, he became a journalist, writer and politician.
He was Mayor of Madrid for a first spell from 10 February 1910 to 16 March 1912.
Appointed as Civil Governor of the Province of Barcelona in June 1913, he faced the strike initiated by the textile workers of La Constancia in the summer of 1913 taking a role as mediator in the conflict.
From April to June 1917, he was Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts in a cabinet presided by Manuel García Prieto.
He served again as Mayor of the Spanish capital from 17 June 1917 to 30 April 1918.
He was President of the Press Association of Madrid from 1920 to 1931.
He served as Minister of Grace and Justice from August 1921 to March 1922 in a Maura cabinet.
He became a member of the Spanish Royal Academy on 16 November 1924.
He died on 13 July 1931 at calle de Valenzuela 4, Madrid.
# José Freire de Oliveira Neto

José Freire de Olivera Neto (March 9, 1928 – January 10, 2012) was the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mossoró, Brazil.
Ordained to the priesthood in 1956, Freire de Olivera Neto became bishop in 1973 retiring in 2004. And he was Brazilian.
# José Franco (poet)

José Franco (24 March 1931 – 9 May 2022) was a Panamanian poet and diplomat.

## Life and career

Jośe Franco was born on 24 March 1931 in Calobre, a city in the province of Veraguas of Panama. He served as Ambassador to Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Franco died on 9 May 2022, at the age of 91.

## Literary works

* Smilla en Flor, 3 editions (1973–1985)
* La Sangre Derramada (1984)
* Una Cruz Verde en el Camino (1979)
* Coplas y Fábulas a Pelusa (199)
* Redobles al Amanecer (1977)
* Horas Testimoniales (1976)
* Poemas a mi Patria (1975)
* Patria Sagrada (1974)
* Dormir con los Muertos (1974)
* Cantares a la Revolución (1972)
* Proyecto de la Constitución Política de la República de Panamá (1972)
* Patria de Dolor y Llanto (1961)
* Panamá Defendida, 20 editions (1958–1989)
* Sollozos Anónimos (1955)
* El Panteón de los Callejones (1990)
* Las Luciérnagas de la Muerte (1992)

## Awards

* 1985 - The National Award for Journalism (Seccion Columna)
* 1984 - The National Award for Journalism (for an Editorial)
* 1979 - The Ricardo Miró National Poetry Award for "Una Cruz Verde en el Camino"
* 1976 - The Ricardo Miró National Theater Award for "Redobles al Amanecer"
* 1975 - The Ricardo Miró national Poetry Award for "Horas Testimoniales"
* 1964 - The National Poetry Award (Honorable Mention) for "Panamá Defendida"
* 1965 - The National Literary Award for "Décimas a mi Patria"
* 1956 - The Bellas Artes Award of the Ministry of Education for "Sollozos Anónimos"
* 1947 - The Student Federation of Panama Award
# Misano ePrix

The Misano ePrix was a race of the FIA Formula E World Championship, an all-electric single-seater racing series. The first race was held at the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli on 13 April 2024.

## History

Formula E has raced in Italy since 2018 with the Rome ePrix taking place at the Circuito Cittadino dell'EUR. However, following a review by experts following a multi-car pile up crash in the 2023 edition, it was decided that a new Italian venue should be found. Multiple other tracks were considered by Formula E, such as Imola Circuit and Vallelunga Circuit.
On 22 November 2023, it was announced that the Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli would host the new Italian race in the 2023–24 season, with a double-header weekend.

## Circuit

On 23 February 2024, it was announced that a specific layout would be built and used for the Formula E race, in which the layout will have 3.381 km (2.101 mi) length and 14 turns.

## Results

| Edition | Track | Winner | Second | Third | Pole position | Fastest lap | Ref |
| 2024 Race 1 | Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli | Oliver Rowland Nissan Formula E Team | Jake Dennis Andretti Formula E Team | Maximilian Günther Maserati MSG Racing | Mitch Evans Jaguar TCS Racing | Oliver Rowland Nissan Formula E Team | |
| 2024 Race 2 | Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli | Pascal Wehrlein TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team | Jake Dennis Andretti Formula E Team | Nick Cassidy Jaguar TCS Racing | Jake Hughes NEOM McLaren Formula E Team-Nissan | António Félix da Costa TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team | |
# DSMA

DSMA may refer to:
* Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy (congenital dSMA), a hereditary condition characterized by muscle wasting
* Defence and Security Media Advisory Notice (DSMA-Notice), a United Kingdom official request to news editors not to publish or broadcast items on specified subjects for reasons of national security
* Defence Services Medical Academy, the university of medicine of the Myanmar Armed Forces
* Detroit Sports Media Association, an organization that presents an annual award named in honor of Ernie Harwell
* Distal spinal muscular atrophy, one of several spinal muscular atrophies
* Disodium methyl arsenate, a less-toxic organic form of arsenic
* Dnepropetrovsk State Medical Academy, former name of Dnipro State Medical University, an establishment of higher education in Ukraine
* Downtown San Mateo Association, a non-profit organization in San Mateo, California
# Battle of Saigon

The Battle of Saigon may refer to several battles in the city of Saigon in Vietnam.
       Siege of Saigon in 1859, leading to the capture of the city by the French Navy
       Battle of Saigon (1955), between the Vietnamese National Army and the Bình Xuyên crime syndicate
       Battle of Saigon (1968), during the Tet Offensive of the Vietnam War
       Fall of Saigon, the end of the Vietnam War in 1975

## Other battles in Saigon

* Lê Văn Khôi revolt, against Emperor Minh Mạng, starting in 1833
# Miss Europe 1967

Miss Europe 1967 was the 30th edition of the Miss Europe pageant and the 19th edition under the Mondial Events Organization. It was held in Nice, France on 3 June 1967. Paquita Torres Pérez of Spain, was crowned Miss Europe 1967 by outgoing titleholder Maria Dornier of France.

## Results
### Placements

| Placement | Contestant |
| Miss Europe 1967 | Spain – Paquita Torres |
| 1st Runner-Up | Netherlands – Irene van Campenhout |
| 2nd Runner-Up | Italy – Daniela Giordano† |
| 3rd Runner-Up | Sweden – Annika Hemminge |
| 4th Runner-Up | Turkey – Yelda Gürani Saner |
| 5th Runner-Up | Greece – Toula Galani |
| 6th Runner-Up | Finland – Ritva Lehto† |

## Contestants

* Austria - Brigitte Hejda
* Belgium - Mauricette Sironval
* Denmark - Margrethe "Gitte" Rhein-Knudsen
* England - Jennifer Lynn Lewis
* Finland - Ritva Helena Lehto†
* France - Anne Vernier
* Germany - Brigitte Boy
* Greece - Toula Galani
* Holland - Irene van Campenhout
* Iceland - Guðrún Pétursdóttir
* Ireland - Gemma McNabb
* Italy - Daniela Giordano†
* Luxembourg - Marie-Josée Mathgen
* Malta - Patricia Best
* Norway - Gro Goksør
* Spain - Paquita Torres Pérez
* Sweden - Annika Hemminge
* Switzerland - Anita Niderost
* Turkey - Yelda Gürani Saner
* Yugoslavia - Slavenka Veselinović
# Beer ice cream

Beer ice cream is a type of ice cream prepared using beer as an ingredient. Beer ice cream prepared using darker beers typically has a more distinct flavor compared to that prepared using lighter beers. The alcohol in the beer is sometimes present in the finished ice cream, while other preparations involve cooking, which can evaporate the alcohol.

## Overview

Beer ice cream is prepared using typical ice cream ingredients and beer. Various flavors are imparted to the ice cream based upon what type of beer is used. For example, the use of stout beer can impart a malty and caramel-like flavor, and the use of pilsner, India pale ale and pale ale can impart flavors of bitterness. India pale ale can also imbue malty flavors. Wheat beer and lagers can also be used as an ingredient in the dish. Lighter beers such as lagers do not impart as much flavor compared to darker beers and beers with a higher amount of malt and hops, which provide a more distinct flavor.
Various additional ingredients can be used, as occurs in other types of ice creams, such as chocolate, cherries, caramel, pecans, marshmallows and the like. Preparation of the dish can involve infusing the beer into pre-made ice cream, or making the ice cream with beer from scratch.
Some ice cream shops in the United States prepare and purvey beer ice cream, and the dish has been served at the Great American Beer Festival. Ben & Jerry's partnered with New Belgium Brewing Company in 2015 to create two limited edition beer ice creams prepared using New Belgium Brown Ale.

## Alcohol content

Beer ice cream sometimes retains the alcohol that is present in the beer, and beer ice cream prepared with beer with a high alcohol by volume content may not freeze entirely when using an ice cream maker. Some preparations of the dish involve cooking, which can evaporate the alcohol.

## Similar dishes

An ice cream float can be prepared using beer. Root beer ice cream is a non-alcoholic dish prepared using root beer and typical ice cream ingredients.
# Michael Holman (journalist)

Michael Holman (born 23 December 1945) is a British journalist and writer. He was the Africa Editor of the Financial Times from 1984 to 2002 and has written several novels and an autobiography.
He was born in Penzance, Cornwall, but his parents emigrated to Southern Rhodesia when he was two. He was educated at Chaplin High School and studied English at University College of Rhodesia where he was awarded a BA in 1968.
Holman was the co-editor of Black & White, a satirical magazine. The publication was banned by the Rhodesian government and he was arrested in August 1968 and restricted to his home town of Gwelo under the Law & Order (Maintenance) Act. In August 1969 the order was extended for a further year.
He was granted an exit permit to attend the University of Edinburgh and was awarded an MSc in Politics in 1971. From 1972 he worked as a freelance journalist based in London. In 1977 he was appointed Africa correspondent for the Financial Times, based in Lusaka, Zambia and in 1984 he was promoted to Africa Editor.
In his late 30s, Holman was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, and has written on the experience of undergoing deep brain simulation surgery.

## Novels

Holman has written three novels and an autobiography:
* Last Orders at Harrods, Polygon, 2005
* Fatboy and the Dancing Ladies, Polygon, 2007
* Dizzy Worms, Polygon, 2010
* Postmark Africa: Half A Century As A Foreign Correspondent, EnvelopeBooks, 2020
# Dangote Industries Tanzania

Dangote Industries Tanzania Limited is a Tanzanian cement company, a subsidiary of Dangote Cement. Dangote Cement operates a three million tonne (annual capacity) plant in Mtwara, southern Tanzania and is the largest cement factory in the country.
The company has also applied to build a 75MW coal powered power plant, adjacent to the factory, to provide reliable electrify to the factory and neighboring community.

## Products

The company only produces cement and has the following products in conventional 50 kg (110 lb) bags:
* 32.5R Portland Cement
* 42.5R Portland Cement
# Judge Rinder

Judge Rinder is a British arbitration-based reality court show that aired on ITV from 11 August 2014 to 14 October 2020, with repeats continuing until 24 September 2021. The show depicts Robert Rinder as an arbitrator overseeing civil cases. Rinder began his career in criminal law in 2003. He is a barrister and wears his barrister robes while on the show, but does not wear the wig as is customary in the judiciary. Rinder is a practising criminal barrister at 2 Hare Court Chambers in London and this is made clear on the show. As with other related court shows that inspired it, such as Judge Judy, Judge Mathis and The People's Court, any awards handed down by Rinder are paid by the production company rather than the loser.

## Show structure

The hearings are conducted in a studio styled as a television-related courtroom with entertainment styling, including a Union Jack flag and another flag with the show's logo and a gavel, neither of which are used in UK courts. The robes worn by Rinder are regular barristers' robes without the wig and, in England and Wales, most small claim trials are conducted in district judges' chambers. The show follows the same format as other television court shows, such as Judge Judy and Judge Mathis.
The claimant and defendant enter the courtroom separately, while narrator Charles Foster says their first names (unlike Judge Judy, where full names are used) along with details of the case and they take their places at their respective benches: the claimant on the judge's left, and the defendant on the judge's right. Rinder then asks the claimant and defendant to confirm their names, and the case proceeds. The bailiff on the show is Michelle Hassan, who passes items of evidence (photographs, receipts, copies of text messages etc.) between the litigants and Judge Rinder during proceedings, which can be displayed on a large video screen in the courtroom (with certain identifying information electronically blurred) when required. Hassan also brings a box of tissues or a glass of water to any litigant who should become distressed during their case, as well as escorting any additional witnesses into the courtroom and who give their evidence, standing in a dock on the same side of the room where she stands and out of the courtroom again afterwards.
# Disappearance of Ronald Tammen

Ronald Henry Tammen Jr. (born July 23, 1933) was a student at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, who went missing on April 19, 1953. His case remains unsolved. Students of the university have since dubbed him the "Phantom of Oxford".

## Biography

Tammen was from Maple Heights, Ohio, the second oldest of five children. In 1953, Tammen was a sophomore at Miami University living on-campus in Fisher Hall; his younger brother also attended the university. He was described as a tall, handsome and muscular athlete; he was on the varsity wrestling team, and was a residence hall advisor. He played string bass in a band, and drove a 1938 Chevrolet.

## Disappearance

Tammen left his Fisher Hall room at approximately 8PM on the evening of Sunday, April 19, 1953, to get new bed sheets from the Hall manager because a prankster had put a fish in his bed. Tammen took the sheets and returned to his dorm room to study psychology, which was the last time he was definitely seen alive. At around 10:30pm on 19 April, Tammen's roommate returned to their room and found the lights on, the radio playing, Tammen's coat - notably it was a snowy night - his wallet, car keys, and a book open on the desk. Tammen had not returned by the next morning and authorities were notified, but Tammen was never found. The last person to see Tammen was the Hall manager earlier in the evening.
A woman from a nearby town said that someone matching Tammen's description had knocked on her door in the early morning of April 20, asking for directions to the bus stop. He appeared dazed and had a streak of dirt on his face. Other sightings over the years have been reported. When Fisher Hall was demolished in 1978 the ruins were searched but nothing was found.

## Later investigations

In 2009, detectives investigated records about a John Doe body found in 1953 in Georgia, based on the theory that it might be the same person due to a height and weight match. They obtained DNA samples from Tammen's sister and the Georgia body, but there was no match. Nevertheless, it moved the case forward by entering Tammen's DNA into a database should any other search turn it up in the future.
# Direct dialing

Direct dialing may refer to:
* Direct distance dialing, where a caller may call any other user outside the local calling area without operator assistance
* Direct inward dialing, where an outside call may be automatically routed to an extension through a private branch exchange
* International direct dialing, where a caller may place an international call without operator assistance
# Château de Rochetaillée

The Château de Rochetaillée is a ruined feudal castle in the city of Saint-Étienne in the Loire département of France.
The castle's construction dates from the 12th century, with additional work in the 16th century.
It has been listed since 1930 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Château de Rochecotte

The Château de Rochecotte is a late 18th-century château located in the French village of Saint-Patrice, near Langeais, in Indre-et-Loire. It is known for its various owners and their many successive rebuilds.
The parent of one of its owners, Boni de Castellane, described it as : "A grand Louis XVI style château - halfway up a hill dominating the Loire valley – lacking neither charm nor originality. It resembles an Italian villa, with superimposed terraces, from which the view extends to the blue and grey horizon, landscapes from old paintings."
In a letter from Dino to de Barante of 5 July 1828, she writes "I have a true passion for Rochecotte; to me, it is the most beautiful view and the most beautiful country in the world; at last this is an air which makes me live lightly and then I arrange, I return, I embellish, I appropriate... I took up country life to the letter."

## Talleyrand and the duchess of Dino

Originally, the château belonged to the comte de Rochecotte, who became one of the leaders of the second Chouannerie in Maine and was executed under the French Directory, in the Champ-de-Mars, in Paris.
On 30 April 1828, one of the later owners, the chevalier René de La Selle de Ligné, sold it to Dorothée de Courlande, duchess of Dino, for 400,000 francs, then a considerable sum. According to Jean-Luc Péchinot, "she appreciated its site and its superimposed terraces opening out onto vast horizons (...) she undertook great building works".

## The Castellanes

In the grounds of the chateau is a mausoleum to Antonia Terry y Sanchez of Cuba, the mother of Countess Stanislas de Castellane (Natica Terry), sister-in-law of Boni de Castellane and mother of Emilio Terry.