OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edmonton Police Association

53°33′38.5812″N 113°33′58.8564″W﻿ / ﻿53.560717000°N 113.566349000°W﻿ / 53.560717000; -113.566349000
The Edmonton Police Association (E.P.A.) is a labour union in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada that represents members of the Edmonton Police Service.

## History
### Early history

The Edmonton Police Force was founded in 1892; however, it was not until 1919 that the Edmonton Policeman's Association, Local No. 74 was organized under the Edmonton Trades and Labour Council.

### 20th Century

In the early twentieth century, the Edmonton Police Association was led by Philip Primrose, formerly the fifth Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, who subsequently served as Chairman of the Edmonton Police Association from 1915 until 1935. In the mid twentieth century, the Edmonton Police Association was discussed in several Canadian news publications for voicing support for capital punishment in Canada. Although capital punishment was de facto abolished in Canada in January 1963, the Edmonton Police Association continued to voice support for capital punishment in the 1960s; for example, in 1965, the Vancouver Province reported that "Sgt. S. L. Stevens, president of the Edmonton Police Association told reporters [that] police rejected the alternative of life imprisonment 'because we've had ample opportunity to see that life imprisonment in this country doesn't mean what it says.'"

### 21st Century
#### Stop and search

In 2017, the Edmonton Police Association published an open letter to the city of Edmonton defending stop and search tactics. CBC news stated that the letter was written "in response to recent data obtained by CBC Edmonton showing Edmonton police from 2012 to 2016 disproportionately stopped, questioned and documented people of colour who were not suspected of a crime."

#### 2021 flag incident

In 2021, the Edmonton Police Association drew the attention of news sources throughout Canada following their decision to fly a thin blue line flag on their building. The flag was seen at the union headquarters throughout April and May 2021, including on the day that Derek Chauvin was found guilty (20 April), as well as on the anniversary of the murder of George Floyd (5 May), at which time the flag was lowered to half-mast. Winnipeg CityNews reported that some "viewed the thin blue line being lowered [...] as a show of support for the officer convicted in Floyd's murder." EPA president Sgt. Mike Elliot responded by saying "that hurts in the fact that somebody would think that. It has nothing to do with George Floyd."
# Exophthalmometer

An exophthalmometer is an instrument used for measuring the degree of forward displacement of the eye in exophthalmos. The device allows measurement of the forward distance of the lateral orbital rim to the front of the cornea. Exophthalmometers can also identify enophthalmos (retraction of the eye into the orbit), a sign of blow-out fracture or certain neoplasms.

## Methods

There are several types of exophthalmometers: Hertel and Luedde exophthalmometers measure the distance of the corneal apex from the level of the lateral orbital rim, while Naugle exophthalmometers measure the relative difference between each eye.
* Hertel exophthalmometers take a measurement from the lateral orbital rim to the corneal apex. If a patient presents with an orbital fracture or after lateral orbitotomy, the use of a Hertel exophthalmometer may be complicated because the lateral orbital rim serves as a reference point for this instrument. Consideration should be given to the use of the Naugle exophthalmometer in these cases.
* Naugle exophthalmometers use fixation points slightly above and below the superior and inferior orbital rims (cheek bones and forehead). Naugle exophthalmometers measure the difference in proptosis between the two eyes, in contrast to the absolute measure obtained with the Hertel method.
* Luedde exophthalmometers fix on the lateral orbital wall and use a transparent ruler to measure the amount of protrusion.

## Normal values

The normal range is 12–21 mm. Upper normal limit for people of African origin is a little higher, about 23–24 mm.
A difference greater than 2 mm between the eyes is significant.
In children and teenagers mean exophthalmometric measurements increase with age: Less than 4 years old (13.2 mm), 5–8 years old (14.4 mm), 9–12 years old (15.2 mm) and 13–17 years old (16.2 mm).
Axial Length of the eye affects exophthalmometer reading. Pseudoproptosis may be seen in severe myopia.
# Coptic Theological Seminary

The Coptic Theological Seminary is an institution of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria based in Cairo and with branches and affiliated seminaries throughout the world. The Seminary claims historical continuity with the historic Catechetical School of Alexandria of the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and regards the 1893 establishment as a reestablishment of this school.
Directors of the Coptic Theological Seminary in Cairo include Yusuf Manqariyus from 1893 to 1918, Habib Girgis. Graduates include Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria.

## History

The original school in Alexandria continued until it was closed by the Byzantine emperor at the Council of Chalcedon. The centre of learning of the Coptic Church became the Monastery of Saint Macarius the Great in the Wadi El Natrun ("valley of soda-ash") 90 km north of Cairo. In 1893 the Theological College in Alexandria was re-founded by teaching children in some Cairo churches and Coptic School halls, and today has campuses in Cairo, Sydney, New Jersey and Los Angeles.
# Oak Hall, Virginia

Oak Hall is a census-designated place in Accomack County, Virginia. It was first listed as a CDP on March 31, 2010. Per the 2020 census, the population was 226.

## Geography

It lies at an elevation of 26 feet.

## Demographics
### 2020 census

Oak Hall CDP, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. :
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| White alone (NH) | 165 | 132 | 64.71% | 58.41% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 71 | 66 | 27.84% | 29.20% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 2 | 2 | 0.78% | 0.88% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 6 | 0.00% | 2.65% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 5 | 0 | 1.96% | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 0 | 4 | 0.00% | 1.77% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 5 | 10 | 1.96% | 4.42% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 7 | 6 | 2.75% | 2.65% |
| Total | 255 | 226 | 100.00% | 100.00% |

## Education

It is in Accomack County Public Schools. Arcadia High School is in the CDP.
# 0DFx

0DFx (also known as Zero Defects or Zero Defex) is an American hardcore punk band.

## History

The band was formed in Akron, Ohio, in late 1981 by Tom Seiler of local punk group The Bursting Brains, Mick Hurray of the neo-surf group The Nelsons, and Jim Friend of V-Nervz.
The band went through a few bass players before placing an ad in the Cleveland free paper Scene. Brad Warner, who had been in a new wave group called Mmaxx, answered the ad and after an afternoon audition he was accepted into the band. Warner remained a member of the group until its dissolution.
The band dissolved in the spring of 1983.
In December 2005, Jim Lanza hatched the idea of reviving a handful of old Cleveland-area punk bands for a one time show entitled Cleveland's Screaming. Warner decided to take the opportunity to create a documentary about the punk rock scene in Akron and Cleveland in the 1980s also entitled Cleveland's Screaming. The documentary was released in 2007.
Since they reformed, the band has begun writing and recording new music. In early 2013, the band signed to the record label Revolution Harmony. Zero Defex still plays shows as often as the band members are able.

## Guest appearances

0DFx appeared on the Ohio-based punk rock compilation, The New Hope and on the nationally released International P.E.A.C.E. Benefit Compilation, which has remained in print since 1984.

## Members

* Jim Friend "Jimi Imij" (vocals)
* Tom Seiler "Tommy Strange" (guitar, 1981–83)
* Jeff Hardy "Jeffro Smull" (guitar, from 2005)
* Mick Hurray "Mickey X-Nelson" (drums)
* Brad Warner "Brad No Sweat" (bass)

### Short-term members

* Alan Litt "Alan Nelson" (bass)
* Franklin Tarver "Frank N. File" (bass)
* John Despins "Johnny Phlegm" (bass)

## Discography
### Studio albums

* Zero Defex (0DFx Records 2008)
* Discography (Get Revenge Records, 2008)
* Caught in a Reflection (Revolution Harmony, 2013)

### EPs

* War Hero 7 (Get Revenge Records 016, 2007)
* Drop the A-Bomb 7 (Get Revenge Records 018, 2008)

### Compilation album appearances

* The New Hope (New Hope Records 001, 1983)
** Songs - Drop the A-Bomb on Me / By the Day / Oppression / No More
* International P.E.A.C.E. Benefit Compilation (R Radical Records, 1984)
** Song - Drop the A-Bomb on Me

## Related bands

* Dimentia 13 (Brad Warner)
# Almirante Brown (disambiguation)

Almirante Brown may refer to a number of entities named after Irish-Argentine admiral William Brown:

## Football clubs

* Club Almirante Brown, Argentine football club from Isidro Casanova
* Club Atlético Almirante Brown, Argentine football club based in the town of Arrecifes in Buenos Aires Province
* Club Atlético Brown, an Argentine football club based in the City of Adrogué, capital of Almirante Brown Partido, Buenos Aires Province
* Club Social y Atlético Guillermo Brown, an Argentine football club based in the city of Puerto Madryn, Chubut Province

## Places

* Almirante Brown Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
* Almirante Brown Department, Chaco Province, Argentina
* Almirante Brown Antarctic Base, Argentina station in Paradise Harbor, Gerlache Strait, Antarctica

## Other

* ARA Almirante Brown, one of several ships serving in the Argentine Navy
# 2 Future 4 U

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
2 Future 4 U is the third studio album by American record producer Armand Van Helden. It was released on November 30, 1998, by Tinted and includes the singles "U Don't Know Me" and "Flowerz".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Armand Van Helden, except where noted

## Charts

Chart performance for 2 Future 4 U :
| Chart (1998–1999) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 73 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 39 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 30 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 50 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 36 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 22 |

## Release history

Release history and formats for 2 Future 4 U :
| Country | Release date | Format | Label |
| Australia | May 4, 1999 | CD | Tinted |
# Dark Dragon

Dark Dragon may refer to:
* The Dark Dragon, a fictional character in the TV series American Dragon: Jake Long
* Dark Dragon, a fictional character in the video game Shining Force
* Dark Dragon (wrestler), Japanese professional wrestler
* Dark Dragon (luchador), Mexican professional wrestler
# Oakwood Park, Indiana

Oakwood Park is an unincorporated community in Turkey Creek Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## Geography

Oakwood Park is located on the shores of Lake Wawasee.
# Orangeville

Orangeville may refer to:

## Places

Orangeville is the name of several places:
In Australia:
* Orangeville, New South Wales
In Canada:
* Orangeville, Ontario
In the United States:
* Orangeville, Illinois
* Orangeville, DeKalb County, Indiana, hamlet in DeKalb County
* Orangeville, Orange County, Indiana
* Orangeville, New York
* Orangeville, Ohio
* Orangeville, Pennsylvania
* Orangeville, Utah
* Orangeville Township, Orange County, Indiana
* Orangeville Township, Michigan
* Rise at Orangeville, a natural spring in Orange County, Indiana

## Schools

* Orangeville District Secondary School, Orangeville, Ontario, Canada
* Orangeville High School, Orangeville, Illinois, USA; a combined elementary-middle-high school

## Other uses

* HMCS Orangeville (K491), a WWII Castle class corvette
* Orangeville Junction, Utah, USA; a road junction
* Orangeville Brampton Railway, Ontario, Canada
# F81

F81 may refer to:
* a number of naval warships; including:
** SPS Santa María (F81)
** HMS Sutherland (F81)
* Substitution model
# Coriolano Cippico

Coriolano Cippico (1425–1493) was a Dalmatian nobleman, landowner, civil servant, humanist and military commander from Trogir. From 1470 to 1470 he served as galley captain under the future doge Pietro Mocenigo and wrote an elegant, humanist, eye-witness account of the systematic depredation of the Anatolian coast by the Venetian navy.
# Obernkirchen

Obernkirchen (German pronunciation:) is a town in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 8 km southwest of Stadthagen, and 15 km east of Minden.
Obernkirchen is a small town in the shadows of the Bückeberg, a hill range in the Weser Uplands. It overlooks the vast lower lying part of the old county of Schaumburg Lippe, now the district of Schaumburg, with the town of Bückeburg at its feet.

## People

* August Oetker (1862–1918), inventor, food scientist and businessman
# 2002 CA-TennisTrophy

The 2002 CA-TennisTrophy was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, Austria and was part of the International Series Gold of the 2002 ATP Tour. It was the 28th edition of the tournament and was held from 7 October until 13 October 2002. Sixth-seeded Roger Federer won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Roger Federer defeated Jiří Novák 6–4, 6–1, 3–6, 6–4
* It was Federer's 3rd singles title of the year and the 4th of his career.

### Doubles

Joshua Eagle / Sandon Stolle defeated Jiří Novák / Radek Štěpánek 6–4, 6–3
* It was Eagle's 3rd title of the year and the 5th of his career. It was Stolle's only title of the year and the 22nd of his career.
# 0H

0H (zero H) or 0-H may refer to:
* 0h, a notation for zero hours
* 0h, the part of the spring equinox meridiator that has the celestial longitude 0° (±0°); see Right ascension
# Almirante Brown Department

Almirante Brown Department is the westernmost department of Chaco Province in Argentina.
The provincial subdivision has a population of about 28,000 inhabitants in an area of 17,276 km$^2$, and its capital city is Pampa del Infierno, which is located around 1,265 km from the Capital federal.
The department is named in honour of William Brown (1777 -1857), the Irish born commander in chief of the Argentine Navy.

## Attractions

The city of Pampa del Infierno hosts the annual Fiesta Provincial del Chivo (Provincial Goat Festival).

## Settlements

* Concepción del Bermejo
* Los Frentones
* Pampa del Infierno
* Taco Pozo
# 2 Faced

"2 Faced" is a song by English singer Louise, released on 17 July 2000 as the lead single from her third studio album, Elbow Beach (2000). It is her highest-charting single, reaching number three on the UK Singles Chart and number 13 on the Irish Singles Chart in July 2000. It has sold 153,000 copies in the UK according to the Official Charts Company.

## Personnel

Personnel are taken from the UK CD1 liner notes.
* Louise – writing
* Matt Elliss – writing, keyboard, programming, production, mixing, engineering
* Julie Morrison – writing, backing vocals
* Cathi Ogden – backing vocals
* M4 Design – sleeve design
* Tim Bret Day – photography

## Sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United Kingdom | — | 153,000 |
# 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (I)

The first of three 1951 Buenos Aires Grand Prix (official name: V Gran Premio del General Juan Perón y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires) was a Formula Libre Grand Prix motor race that took place on February 18, 1951, at the Costanero Norte street circuit in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

## Classification

| Pos | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired |
| 1 | José Froilán González | Ferrari 166 FL | 45 | 1:35:18.9 |
| 2 | Hermann Lang | Mercedes-Benz W154 | 45 | 1:35:35.3 |
| 3 | Juan Manuel Fangio | Mercedes-Benz W154 | 45 | 1:36:10.4 |
| 4 | Óscar Alfredo Gálvez | Ferrari 166 FL | 44 | 1:36:25.0 |
| 5 | Alfredo Pian | Maserati 4CL | 44 | 1:36:55.0 |
| 6 | Karl Kling | Mercedes-Benz W154 | 44 | 1:37:27.2 |
| 7 | Pascual Puópolo | Maserati | 43 | 1:36:08.4 |
| 8 | Hector Niemitz | Alfa Romeo | 42 | 1:35:19.0 |
| 9 | Jorge Daponte | Maserati 4CLT | 42 | 1:37:24.8 |
| 10 | Carlos Menditeguy | Alfa Romeo 8C 308 | 41 | 1:36:29.8 |
| 11 | José Felix Lopes | Simca-Gordini T-15 | 38 | 1:36:01.7 |
| 12 | Clemar Bucci | Alfa Romeo 12C-37 | 33, DNF | 1:11:20.2 |
| Ret | Luis Alberto de Dios | Simca-Gordini T15 | 8 | DNF |
| Ret | Roberto Miéres | Maserati | 2 | DNF |
| Ret | Onofre Marimón | Maserati | | DNS |
| Ret | Alberto Crespo | Maserati | | DNS |
| Ret | Viannini | Maserati 4CL | | DNS |
| Ret | Victorio Rosa | Maserati | | DNS |
| Ret | Eitel Cantoni | Maserati 4CL | | DNS |
# Dyschirius paucipunctus

Dyschirius paucipunctus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Andrewes in 1929.
# Eddie Copeland

Eddie Copeland is a prominent Irish republican from Belfast, Northern Ireland.
He joined the Provisional Irish Republican Army after the fatal shooting of his father by the British Army. John Copeland died on 31 October 1971, two days after being shot near his home in Strathroy Park in Ardoyne. John Copeland was not known to be affiliated with any paramilitary group.
Copeland has been the target of loyalist paramilitaries. In December 1996 he was seriously injured in an Ulster Defence Association car bomb attack at his home. He suffered leg and arm injuries but escaped with his life when loyalist paramilitaries planted a booby-trap beneath his car. The bomb had been made by Frankie Curry, who had been a leading figure in the Red Hand Commandos before becoming an independent dissident. Copeland later received £60,000 in compensation for the injuries he received.
On 8 February 1995, Andrew Clarke (27), a private in the British Army, was sentenced at Belfast Crown Court to ten years' imprisonment for the attempted murder of Copeland when he opened fire on mourners outside the home of deceased IRA Volunteer Thomas Begley in Belfast in October 1993.
On 19 May 1999, the Ministry of Defence was found guilty of negligence at Belfast High Court and Copeland was awarded £27,500 compensation for the injuries he received.
In 2001, Copeland was refused bail at Belfast High Court on charges of kidnapping, false imprisonment, assault and threatening to kill another person. The charges arose from the abduction of a man from a betting shop in Ardoyne. Copeland denied all charges. The charges were withdrawn in August 2002.
# 1100 (disambiguation)

1100 was a year.
1100 may also refer to:
* Morris 1100, also known as the Austin 1100, MG 1100, Wolseley 1100, and Vaden Plas Princess 1100; a small family car
* Bréguet 1100, a twin-engine light fighter aircraft
* Fiat 1100, a small family car made from 1953 to 1969
** Fiat 1100 (1937), a small family car made from 1937 to 1953
* Goliath 1100, also known as the Hansa 1100, an automobile
* Simca 1100, also known as the Dodge 1100 and Talbot 1100, a series of compact family cars
* 1100 aluminium alloy, a metal alloy
* Nokia 1100, a mobile phone
* Remington 1100, a shotgun
* 1100 AM, radio stations with this frequency
* Zastava 1100, a small family car based on the Fiat 128
# Discovery image

In astronomy, a discovery image is typically a drawing, film base photograph, photographic plate, or digital image in which a celestial object or phenomenon was first found. This can include planets, dwarf planets, small Solar System bodies (asteroids, comets, etc.) or features found on or near those objects such as ring systems or large craters.
For example, a moon of Saturn, Phoebe, was the first satellite to be discovered photographically by William Henry Pickering on March 17, 1899 from photographic plates that had been taken starting on August 16, 1898 at Arequipa, Peru by DeLisle Stewart.

## Examples

* 1978 image of Pluto and Charon; the discovery image of Charon
* Discovery image of Saturn's moon S/2004 S 3
* Discovery image of active volcanism on Io
* Discovery image of Pallene
* Mariner crater on Mars, as viewed by Mariner 4
# 3102 aluminium alloy

3102 aluminium alloy is an alloy in the wrought aluminium-manganese family (3000 or 3xxx series). It is one of the most lightly alloyed grades in the 3000 series, with at least 97.85% aluminium by weight. Like most other aluminium-manganese alloys, 3102 is a general-purpose alloy with moderate strength, good workability, and good corrosion resistance. Being lightly alloyed, it tends on the lower strength and higher corrosion resistance side. It can be cold worked to produce tempers with a higher strength but a lower ductility. It can be formed by rolling, extrusion, and forging. As a wrought alloy, it is not used in casting.
3102 aluminium can be alternately referred to by the UNS designation A93102. The alloy and its various tempers are covered by the following ASTM standards:
* ASTM B 210: Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes
* ASTM B 221: Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
* ASTM B 483: Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Drawn Tube and Pipe for General Purpose Applications
* ASTM B 491: Standard Specification for Aluminium and Aluminium-Alloy Extruded Round Tubes for General-Purpose Applications

## Chemical composition

The alloy composition of 3102 aluminium is:
* Aluminium: 97.85 to 99.95%
* Copper: 0.1% max
* Iron: 0.7% max
* Manganese: 0.05 to 0.40%
* Silicon: 0.4% max
* Titanium: 0.1% max
* Zinc: 0.3% max
* Residuals: 0.15% max
# 1951 Brownlow Medal

The 1951 Brownlow Medal was the 24th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Bernie Smith of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-three votes during the 1951 VFL season.

## Leading votegetters

| | Player | Votes |
| 1st | Bernie Smith (Geelong) | 23 |
| 2nd | Ron Clegg (South Melbourne) | 20 |
| 3rd | Bill Hutchison (Essendon) | 16 |
| 4th | Ray Poulter (Richmond) | 15 |
| =5th | Bob Rose (Collingwood) | 14 |
| =5th | Charlie Sutton (Footscray) | 14 |
| =5th | Denis Cordner (Melbourne) | 14 |
| =5th | Harold Bray (St Kilda) | 14 |
| =9th | Jim Clark (Carlton) | 13 |
| =9th | Des Rowe (Richmond) | 13 |
# Obstructive purpura

Obstructive purpura is a skin condition that may result from mechanical obstruction to circulation, with resulting stress on the small vessels leading to purpura.$^{:827}$
# 2001 Bridgeport Barrage season

The Bridgeport Barrage played their first season, as a charter member of the MLL, during the 2001 season of Major League Lacrosse. The Barrage ended up in 3rd place in the American Division with a record of 3–11. The Barrage failed to qualify for the 2001 season MLL playoffs.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Home/Away | Field | Result |
| June 15 | Cannons | Home | The Ballpark at Harbor Yard | L 13-19 |
| June 17 | Bayhawks | Home | The Ballpark at Harbor Yard | W 12-9 |
| June 23 | Rattlers | Away | Frontier Field | L 14-19 |
| June 29 | Lizards | Home | The Ballpark at Harbor Yard | L 16-17 |
| June 30 | Pride | Away | Yogi Berra Stadium | L 10-17 |
| July 6 | Rattlers | Home | The Ballpark at Harbor Yard | L 10-14 |
| July 12 | Lizards | Away | EAB Park | W 13-12 |
| July 14 | Cannons | Away | Cawley Memorial Stadium | L 15-17 |
| July 19 | Pride | Home | The Ballpark at Harbor Yard | L 14-15 |
| July 27 | Bayhawks | Away | Homewood Field | L 11-12 OT |
| August 5 | Lizards | Away | Hofstra Stadium | L 14-17 |
| August 11 | Lizards | Home | The Ballpark at Harbor Yard | L 17-18 |
| August 19 | Cannons | Home | The Ballpark at Harbor Yard | W 17-15 |
| August 25 | Cannons | Away | Cawley Memorial Stadium | L 14-15 OT |
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