OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Music in Astrakhan Oblast

Music of Russia :
Genres :
Bards - Classical music - Hip hop - Jazz - Opera - Rock :
Nationalistic and patriotic songs :
Regional music :
Adygea - Altai - Astrakhan - Bashkortostan - Buryatia - Belarusian - Chechnya - Chukotka - Chuvashia - Dagestan - Evenkia - Ingushetia - Irkutsk - Kaliningrad - Kalmykia - Kamchatka - Karelia - Khakassia - Khantia-Mansia - Komi Republic - Krasnodar - Mari El - Mordovia - Nenetsia - Ossetia - Rostov - Ethnic Russian - Sakha - Sakhalin - Tatarstan - Tuva - Udmurtia :
vte :
Astrakhan Oblast is a southern region of Russia with a rich musical history. Modern institutions include the New Musical Theatre, Astrakhan Conservatory and the Astrakhan Regional Philharmonic.
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# Mycalesis mestra

Mycalesis mestra, the white-edged bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia (Assam, Burma, Sikkim, Bhutan)

## Description

Upperside very dark Vandyke brown, the cilia conspicuously white, the transverse white discal band of the underside showing through on both forewing and hindwing, but very plainly on the latter. Forewing with a white-centred, fulvous-ringed, median, and a similar but much smaller subapical eyespot, the latter very often absent; broad but faint and ill-defined sub-terminal and terminal white lines. Hindwing: a subtornal ocellus (eyespot) similar to those on the forewing and much more conspicuous; subterminal and terminal whitish lines. Underside: ground colour similar; basal half of wings closely irrorated (sprinkled) with pale transverse stripe; a conspicuous white discal band, inwardly sharply defined, outwardly diffused, followed by series of ocelli similar to the ocelli on the upperside, a median and two subapical on the forewing, three subapical and three tornal on the hindwing: the number of these ocelli is variable, sometimes one or more additional ocelli are present, often one or more are lacking on the hindwing; finally, the subterminal and terminal white bands as on the upperside but better defined. Antenna, head, thorax and abdomen brown; antennae annulated (ringed) with white, ochraceous at apex. Male sex-mark in form 2.
Mycalesis suaveolens Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1883 resembles M. mestra, but differs constantly as follows: Upperside ground colour a brighter, more ruddy brown; cilia white tinged with ochraceous; the discal, subterminal and terminal bands on the underside showing through much more faintly than in M. mestra; the number of ocelli very variable. Underside: basal area uniform, with no trace of the pale transverse striae; white discal band narrower, subterminal and terminal bands brownish white.
# Temperature's Rising (song)

"Temperature's Rising" is the third single from Mobb Deep's second album, The Infamous. Produced by Q-Tip, the song features R&B singer Crystal Johnson and contains a sample of "Where There Is Love" by Patrice Rushen.

## Background

The song was written in the form of a letter to an associate that is hiding from the police, who went by the name Killa Black, who was also the older brother of Havoc. Killa Black, according to Prodigy in his 2011 autobiography My Infamous Life: The Autobiography of Mobb Deep's Prodigy, murdered a man over Walkman speakers, and Havoc hid Killa Black's gun in his basket of clothes. In the song, the narrator reveals that he is covering up evidence of his imprisoned friend's criminal actions, and speaks of his paranoia, fearing that the police are closing in on him.
A few years after the song was released, Killa Black committed suicide, in his mother's bathroom, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head after coming home for the murder that is mentioned in the song. After being released, Killa Black became a Muslim. Prior to his suicide, he had been committed to a psychiatric hospital.
The B-side is "Give Up the Goods (Just Step)".
There is a remix to the single, also produced by Q-Tip, that utilizes the same Patrice Rushen sample that is used on the album version. The original version of the song was produced by Mobb Deep.

## Track listing

Side A
* "Temperature's Rising" [Remix]
* "Temperature's Rising" [LP Version]
Side B
* "Give Up the Goods (Just Step)" [LP Version]
* "Give Up the Goods (Just Step)" [Instrumental]
# Kangani

Kangani may refer to:
* Kangani, Anjouan, a village in the Comoros
* Kangani, Mayotte, a village on Mayotte
* Kangani, Mohéli, a town in the Comoros
* Kangani system, a form of labour recruitment and management
# Beijing 2008 (video game)

Beijing 2008 is the official Olympic video game of the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing. Developed by Eurocom and published by Sega, the game was the second video game based on the 2008 Summer Olympics to be released, the first being the fantasy-based Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games which appeared in late 2007; however, Beijing 2008 is a realistic sports simulation.
Beijing 2008 features 32 national teams and 38 events. In addition, a career mode similar to that seen in Sydney 2000 returned, and for the first time in Olympic video games, an online mode is included.

## Disciplines

The following events are in the game:
| Track 100 m 200 m 400 m 800 m 1500 m 100 m hurdles (women only) 110 m hurdles (men only) Field High jump Pole vault Long jump Triple jump Shot put Discus throw Hammer throw Javelin throw Aquatics 50 m freestyle swimming (men only) 100 m backstroke swimming (men only) 100 m butterfly swimming (men only) 100 m breaststroke swimming (men only) 3 m springboard diving (women only) 10 m platform diving (women only) | Gymnastics Parallel bars (men only) Vault (men only) Rings (men only) Floor exercise (women only) Beam (women only) Uneven bars (women only) Shooting (all men only events) Skeet shooting 10 m Air Pistol 25 m Rapid Fire Pistol Other Archery, individual (women only) Weightlifting, +105 kg (men only) Cycling, team pursuit (men only) Canoeing/kayak K1, kayak single (men only) Judo, 81–90 kg (men only) Table tennis, singles (men only) |
In addition, the game supports competition in the male decathlon or the female heptathlon, 5, 10 or 20 random events, or all of the events. It is possible to take part in all male and female events individually.

## Nations represented

* Australia
* Austria
* Bahamas
* Belgium
* Brazil
* Canada
* China
* Cuba
* Denmark
* Ethiopia
* Finland
* France
* Great Britain
* Germany
* Greece
* Ireland
* Italy
* Jamaica
* Japan
* Kenya
* Mexico
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Russia
* South Africa
* South Korea
* Spain
* Sweden
* United States

## Reception

Aggregate score :
| Aggregator | Score | Score | Score |
| Aggregator | PC | PS3 | Xbox 360 |
| Metacritic | 52/100 | 58/100 | 60/100 |
Review scores :
| Publication | Score | Score | Score |
| Publication | PC | PS3 | Xbox 360 |
| Edge | N/A | N/A | 5/10 |
| Eurogamer | N/A | N/A | 5/10 |
| Famitsu | N/A | 14/40 | 16/40 |
| GameSpot | 3/10 | 3/10 | 3/10 |
| GameZone | N/A | N/A | 5.5/10 |
| IGN | 5.6/10 | 7.7/10 | 7.7/10 |
| Official Xbox Magazine (US) | N/A | N/A | 2.5/10 |
| PC Gamer (UK) | 48% | N/A | N/A |
| PC PowerPlay | 6/10 | N/A | N/A |
| PlayStation: The Official Magazine | N/A | | N/A |
| Common Sense Media | N/A | | |
Beijing 2008 received "mixed" reviews on all platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. GameSpot said of the game, "rapidly pushing buttons is not fun", and pointed to excessive difficulty. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of one three, two fours, and one three for the PlayStation 3 version; and one four, one five, one four, and one three for the Xbox 360 version.
# Muncel

The Muncel is a left tributary of the river Crivadia in Romania. It flows into the Crivadia in Baru, close to its confluence with the Strei. Its length is 9 km (5.6 mi) and its basin size is 23 km$^2$ (8.9 sq mi).
# Kankounde

Kankounde is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
# Model Railways and Locomotives Magazine

Model Railways and Locomotive Magazine was an early British magazine devoted to railway modelling. It existed between January 1909 and September 1918 when it was renamed Models

## History and profile

The first volume was published in January 1909. The founder was Henry Greenly. It was edited by Henry Greenly and W J Bassett-Lowke, who are well known in the history of model railways. Henry Greenly was a prolific author, while Bassett-Lowke went on to found a model railway manufacturing company which still exists as part of the Hornby company.
Model Railways and Locomotive Magazine was published on a monthly basis. The magazine was informative on railway lore and carried many construction articles. It ceased publication in 1916.
# Newfoundland and Labrador Route 332

Route 332, also known as Frederickton Road, is a 23.8-kilometre-long (14.8 mi) east-west highway on the northern coast of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It serves as a loop route off of Route 330 (Gander Bay Road), connecting several communities along the coastline of Hamilton Sound with the highway. Route 332 is one of very few highways in the province that both begin and end on the same highway.

## Route description

Route 332 begins at an intersection with Route 330 in Main Point and winds its way north along the coastline to pass through both that community and neighbouring Davidsville. The highway now turns more inland as it passes through rural wooded areas for several kilometres, where it passes through Beaver Cove, before passing through Frederickton. Route 332 turns southeast through more rural areas before following the coastline again as it passes through Noggin Cove. It now passes through Carmanville before coming to an end at another intersection with Route 330.

## Major intersections

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Main Point | 0.0 | 0.0 | Route 330 (Gander Bay Road/Road to the Shore) to Route 1 (TCH) – Gander, Musgrave Harbour | Western terminus |
| Carmanville | 23.8 | 14.8 | Route 330 (Gander Bay Road/Road to the Shore) to Route 1 (TCH) – Gander, Musgrave Harbour | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Morpheis clenchi

Morpheis clenchi is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Donahue in 1980. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona. It is also present in northern Mexico.
Adults have been recorded on wing in July.

## Etymology

The species is named in honour of Harry K. Clench.
# Conditions of Fitness

The Metropolitan Conditions of Fitness for Taxis set out the requirements for vehicles that may be used as licensed Hackney carriage taxi cabs in London. They are what makes London's taxis unique in the world and are governed by Transport for London's Taxi and Private Hire office (formerly the Public Carriage office).
Rules governing London's horse cabs had been in existence in one form or another since the 17th century, but the first Conditions of Fitness specifically written for motor cabs were introduced in May 1906 by the then licensing authority, the Public Carriage Office, which was part of the Metropolitan Police. They were written under the guidance of W. Worby Beaumont, who was recommended to the Public Carriage Office by Lord Montagu of Beaulieu. As well as laying down the 25 ft turning circle, they also demanded a 10-inch ground clearance. These regulations remained virtually unaltered until 1927, when they were reviewed, and the ground clearance relaxed to 7 inches. A demand for the turning circle to be relaxed to 35 ft was refused. The rules received minor changes to fit in with the changes in motor vehicle design, but a second major review was launched by the government after the turmoil surrounding the introduction of the minicab. The status quo was maintained, although the demand for a separate chassis was done away with.
From February 1989, all newly licensed black cabs were required to be able to take a passenger in a wheelchair.
In 2002, the Conditions of Fitness, or more specifically the turning circle was challenged by a group of people who were adapting existing commercial vehicles into wheelchair accessible taxis for the provincial market. They wanted to enter the London market and argued that, with modern power steering the turning circle, which was a barrier to their entry was no longer necessary. The review found once more in favour of the status quo, but this decision was challenged by judicial review. After a protracted study, the PCO again found that the turning circle was essential to maintain mobility. The current conditions have been applicable since 1 January 2007.
The conditions require that all vehicles manufactured for use as licensed taxi cabs in London must be inspected for compliance with the standard before use. They regulate compliance with general UK and European vehicle standards and with specific design requirements including access to the vehicle, dimensions and layout, manoeuvrability, visibility and equipment.
Amongst the main requirements are the need for separate passenger and driver compartments, high internal headroom, a ramp for wheelchair user access and the ability to turn through 180° on either lock between two walls 8.535 m (28 ft) apart to minimise the impact of the many taxis operating in the city on other road users.
Two production vehicle models comply with the current conditions: the London Taxi Company TX4 and a specially-modified taxi variant of the Mercedes-Benz Vito with steerable rear wheels.
# Obruk

Obruk may refer to the following places in Turkey:
* Obruk, Bor
* Obruk, Kastamonu
* Obruk Dam
# 7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37

The 7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 (7.5 cm IG 37) was an infantry support gun, used by Germany during World War II. The guns were originally designated 7.5 cm PaK 37. The IG 37s were manufactured from carriages of 3.7 cm Pak 36s (and the nearly identical Soviet 3.7 cm PaK 158(r)) and a barrel designed originally for the IG 42 infantry support gun. As an anti-tank weapon it used a hollow charge shell with 0.5 kg (1 lb 2 oz) of explosives to penetrate up to 85 mm (3.3 in) with a velocity of 395 m/s (1,300 ft/s). The first 84 guns were delivered in June 1944. By the end of the war 1,304 guns were operational.
While the gun carriage was an old design, the gun itself was a new design created by Krupp, though the design had been shelved at the time of its conception. The gun has two distinctive features: the first is the large four-baffle muzzle brake and the second is the vertical sliding-block breech that was considered unusual for a Krupp designed gun. The breech operates in a semi-automatic fashion, in that once the gun was fired the breech block would open and eject the spent casing and remained open to allow for rapid reloading. The breech would then be closed once the next round was loaded and the gun was then ready to fire.
# Octave twelve

An octave twelve is a type of 12-string guitar fitted with a short-scale neck 15.5 inches (39 cm) and a small solid body. It is tuned one octave higher than a standard guitar, giving it the tonal range of a mandolin and enabling a guitarist to emulate the sound of a mandolin sound without learning new fingering patterns required for actual mandolins. The effect is similar to that of applying a capo to a standard 12-string guitar at its twelfth fret. However, unlike a standard 12-string guitar, the courses of strings are tuned in unison rather than in octaves.
The octave twelve was invented by engineers at Vox, which sold the octave twelve as the mando-guitar from 1964 to 1968. Notable users of the mando-guitar included Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones. Most modern octave twelves are modelled after the distinctive body shape of the Vox mando-guitar. It was also used on the introduction of the Beach Boys' "Wouldn't It Be Nice", from "Pet Sounds".
# Karavan, Batken

Karavan is a village in Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 8,657 in 2021. Administratively, it is part of the city Kyzyl-Kiya.
# Beijing 101 Middle School

Beijing 101 Middle School (北京一零一中学) is a public secondary school in Haidian, Beijing, China. It offers programs from grades 7 to 12.
The early predecessor of Beijing 101 Middle School was established in Zhangjiakou in 1946. The school's name was successively changed to Zhangjiakou Municipal Middle School, Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Area United Middle School, North China Yucai Middle School, and the Second Department of the Middle School Affiliated to Beijing Normal University. In 1955, the school was named Beijing 101 Middle School.
In addition to the main campus, the school has seven branch campuses: Shuangyushu, Shangdi, Huairou, Wenquan, Shiyou, Kuangda, and Daxing.

## Alumni

* Xi Jinping, paramount leader of China
* Zeng Qinghong, 7th Vice President of the People's Republic of China
* Liu He, Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China
* Li Tieying, Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
* Xie Fei, child of former President of the Supreme People's Court Xie Juezai
* Susan Tse Borisov, former daughter-in-law of Yury Borisov, niece of Xie Ru
* Mao Dongdong, great-grandchild of Mao Zedong
* Mao Tianyi, great-grandchild of Mao Zedong
* Mao Yuanxin, nephew of Mao Zedong
* Xi Yuanping, child of Xi Zhongxun
* Song Yuqi, singer and member of (G)I-dle
# Conservative Nationalist Party

The Conservative Nationalist Party was a minor Australian political party that ran two candidates for the Australian House of Representatives in the 1983 federal election.
# Muncelu Mic mine

The Muncelu Mic mine was a large open pit mine in the western of Romania in Hunedoara County, 16 km southeast of Simeria and 387 km north-west of the capital, Bucharest. Muncelu Mic represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Romania having estimated reserves of 6.5 million tonnes of ore. When it was operational it produced around 200,000 tonnes of iron ore/year. The mine also has a gold and silver reserves of around 5.4 million tonnes grading 1g/t gold and 8g/t silver resulting 173,000 oz of gold and 1.38 million oz of silver.
# Cerace lemeepauli

Cerace lemeepauli is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in northern Vietnam.
The wingspan is about 51 mm.
# K. Pathmanathan

Kanagasabai Pathmanathan was a Sri Lankan Tamil politician and Member of Parliament.
Pathmanathan was one of the Tamil National Alliance's candidates in Ampara District at the 2004 parliamentary election. He was elected and entered Parliament.
Pathmanathan died on 21 May 2009 after a brief illness.
# K. Patricia Cross

Kathryn Patricia Cross (March 17, 1926 – May 8, 2023) was an American scholar of educational research. Throughout her career, she explored adult education and higher learning, discussing methodology and pedagogy in terms of remediation and advancement in the university system.

## Early life and education

Born in Illinois on March 17, 1926, Cross was raised in the town of Normal. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from Illinois State University in 1948. She then earned an M.A. in psychology and a PhD in social psychology, both from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1951 and 1958 respectively.

## Career

Cross was awarded several honorary doctorate degrees throughout her academic career. Before pursuing her education in psychology, she taught math at Harvard Community High School in Harvard, Illinois. Upon completing her PhD, Cross began a career in both administrative and academic duties. From 1959 to 1964, she was a dean of students at Cornell University; in 1964 she became the director of College and University Programs at the Educational Testing Service in Princeton, New Jersey. In 1966, she began working for the University of California, Berkeley, both as a research educator for the Center for Research and Development of Higher Education and as a research scientist and psychologist for Educational Testing Service. In 1980, she started teaching at the Harvard Graduate School of Education as a professor of education. By 1988, she had returned to Berkeley to teach as a professor of higher education, until her retirement in 1995. She held emeritus status at the University of California, Berkeley.

### Research

Approaching educational research from the vantage of a mathematician and social scientist, Cross came to conclusions about student ability and experience perhaps different from those of some of her contemporaries. Though as caring for the remedial and new college student as colleagues such as Mina Shaughnessy, Cross found different reasons for these students’ underachievement. She noted that much of the discrepancies in the students' incoming test scores lies in lack of effort and motivation. Pointing out that some of these “remedial” students come from privileged backgrounds, she argued that the problem cannot be a mere matter of the school system failing to reach the underprivileged. While Cross upheld the belief that everyone should have access to higher education, she countered that remedial programs used as an effort to “catch up” the students falling behind is not the answer. Instead, she argued that institutions should point students toward excellence in areas perhaps alternative to the traditional academic curriculum of the university setting, such as vocational or semiprofessional training.

### K. Patricia Cross Award

From 1996, Cross sponsored the K. Patricia Cross Future Leaders Award, recognizing graduate students demonstrating promise as future leaders in higher education. The award is currently administered by the Association of American Colleges and Universities.

## Death

Cross died on May 8, 2023, at the age of 97.
# Berlin Heights

Berlin Heights may refer to:
* Berlin Heights, New Jersey
* Berlin Heights, Ohio
# Jónsson

Jónsson is a surname of Icelandic origin, meaning son of Jón. In Icelandic names, the name is not strictly a surname, but a patronymic. The name refers to:
* Arnar Jónsson (actor) (born 1943), Icelandic actor
* Arnar Jónsson (basketball) (born 1983), Icelandic basketball player
* Arngrímur Jónsson “The Learned” (1568–1648), Icelandic scholar
* Bjarni Jónsson (1920–2016), Icelandic mathematician and logician
* Bjarni Jónsson (artist) (1934–2008), Icelandic painter
* Bjarni Jónsson (footballer) (born 1965), Icelandic international footballer
* Björn Jónsson (1846–1912), Icelandic prime minister
* Eggert Jónsson (born 1988), Icelandic footballer
* Einar Jónsson (1874–1954), Icelandic sculptor
* Emil Jónsson (1902–1986), Icelandic prime minister
* Finnur Jónsson (philologist) (1858–1934), Icelandic philologist
* Helgi Jónsson (1867–1925), Icelandic botanist and algologist
* Hjálmar Jónsson (disambiguation)
* Jón Jónsson, Icelandic singer
* Jón Sveinbjørn Jónsson (1955–2008), Norwegian poet
* Jóhannes Jónsson (1940–2013), Icelandic businessman
* Kristján Jónsson (politician) (1852–1926), Icelandic prime minister
* Magnús Jónsson (disambiguation)
* Ríkarður Jónsson (1888–1972), Icelandic sculptor
* Ríkharður Jónsson (1929–2017), Icelandic footballer
* Sigurður Jónsson (disambiguation)
* Sævar Jónsson (born 1957), Icelandic footballer
* Todi Jónsson (born 1972), Faroese footballer
* Ásgrímur Jónsson (1876–1958), Icelandic painter
# Terrell Lowe

Terrell Lowe (born May 12, 1998) is an American soccer player for PDX FC in the National Premier Soccer League.

## Career

Terrell Lowe spent his youth years playing for PVSC Galaxy in Pocatello, Idaho. The team had success winning 2 State Titles, That team also consisted of his two older (twin) brothers, Tevin and Trent. In 2012 Terrell moved to Arizona to train/play with Real Salt Lake's academy.
After spending time with Real Salt Lake's academy in Arizona, Lowe moved to Portland Timbers academy. While at the academy, Lowe appeared for Portland Timbers 2, coming on as an 84th-minute substitute during a 3–1 victory over Vancouver Whitecaps FC 2 on August 17, 2015.
Lowe left Portland to play college soccer at the University of Virginia in 2016, where he made twenty appearances. On May 11, 2017, Lowe returned to Portland Timbers 2.