OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karl Klein

Karl Klein may refer to:
* Karl Klein (bishop) (1819-1898), German clergyman, Bishop of Limburg
* Karl Klein (politician) (born 1956), German politician, MdL Baden-Württemberg
* Karl Frank Klein (1922-2006), Canadian politician and farmer
# David Meskhi

David Meskhi (born 1979) is a photographer based in Berlin, Germany.

## Early life and education

Meskhi was born in 1979 in Tbilisi, Georgia.
After gaining a master's degree in hydro ecology, he decided to change his profession entirely and turned to art. He received an academic degree in photojournalism from the Shota Rustaveli Theatre and Film State University in Tbilisi.

## Career

Since 2004, Meskhi has been working as a photographer and photojournalist for several magazines, and his artwork has been exhibited in Austria, France, Georgia, Germany, Israel, Russia and the United Kingdom.
In 2008, Meskhi was invited to photograph the Georgian Olympic team.
Between 2013 and 2015, he co-directed a documentary When the Earth Seems to Be Light with Salome Machaidze and Tamuna Karumidze, which is based on his photographs.
# Kari Korhonen

Kari Korhonen (born 8 October 1973) is a Finnish cartoonist known for his stories about Donald Duck.
Korhonen has been drawing Disney comics for the Danish publisher Egmont Group since 1993, where he is most known for his work on Donald Duck stories and Winnie the Pooh. Apart from his work at Disney characters, he is also known as a commercial illustrator for magazines and children's books. In 2011, Korhonen wrote and drew the first Angry Birds comic.
# Kari Kosi

Kari Kosi is one of the two rivers flowing through Purnea (city). It is the abandoned channel of Kosi river which used to flow from center of Purnea which is briefly described in the Bengal District Gazetteers - Purnea by O’malley, L. S. S. It joins Saura river near Harda, Purnea which further joins The Ganga river in Dilarpur, Katihar.
The wetlands created by Kari Kosi makes Makhana farming possible in Purnea and Katihar districts. This area became one of the largest producer of Makhana in India, thanks to this river

## Floods

Along with Mahananda, Kari Kosi usually split Its banks causing deluge and waterlogging in Katihar district of Bihar.

## Environmental Degradation

Water quality of river has degraded within few years due to illegal possession of river lands and dumping non biodegradable wastes like plastic, polythene bags along with religious remains by ignorant people in the river whereas only biodegradable waste such as flowers, fruits, idols, etc. only should be immersed (visharjan) in river water throwing plastic bags in dustbin elsewhere.
# Chalcosyrphus valeria

Chalcosyrphus valeria is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Brazil.
# Chandaluru

Chandaluru is a village in the Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. This village was well known for communist movements and protests against inequality and justice..
This village has temples built by Cholas and Krishna devaraya. One of the prominent temples with ancient significance is Chennakesava Temple. Every year, probably one or two days, the sun rays directly touch the foot of the chennakesava idol which is located at the heart of the temple. Shivalayam in this village also has great historical importance of 3000 years. This temple is present at the center of the lake surrounded by water. Siva lingam in this temple was swayambu. Great Mahalakshmi ammavaru kolupulu in this village is a special attraction. These are held with great devotion and a lot of crowd is seen at the temple during Sankranti festival time. Cultural activities are held every day.
# Karlene

Karlene is an English feminine given name that is a feminine form of Carl and an alternate form of Carla. Notable people referred to by this name include the following:

## Given name

* Karlene Davis (born 1946), British midwife
* Karlene Faith (1938- 2017), Canadian writer
* Karlene Haughton (born 1972), Canadian hurdles athlete
* Karlene Maywald (born 1961), Australian politician
# Chamaeleontiformes

Chamaeleontiformes is a hypothesized clade (evolutionary grouping) of iguanian lizards defined as all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with Chamaeleo chamaeleon (the common chamaeleon) than with Hoplocercus spinosus (the Brazilian spiny-tailed lizard), Polychrus marmoratus (bush lizard), or Iguana iguana (green iguana). It was named by paleontologist Jack Conrad in 2008 to describe a clade recovered in his phylogenetic analysis that included the extinct genus Isodontosaurus, the extinct family Priscagamidae, and the living clade Acrodonta, which includes agamids and chameleons. It is a stem-based taxon and one of two major clades within Iguania, the other being Pleurodonta. Below is a cladogram from Daza et al. (2012) showing this phylogeny:
Other analyses place Priscagamidae outside Iguania altogether, resulting in a Chamaeleontiformes that only includes Isodontosaurus and Acrodonta. Below is a cladogram from Conrad (2015) with this phylogeny:
# Cúán úa Lothcháin

Cúán úa Lothcháin was an Irish poet from Tethba, now in County Meath. He was the Chief Ollam of Ireland and died in 1024. He was part of the Ó Lóthcháin sept of Gailenga Móra - part of either the Connachta or Uí Néill.
Born in the region of Tethba - part of the kingdom of Mide - Cúán acted as bard and propagandist for High King Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill (died 1022).
The Annals of Ulster give his obit as- "U1024.3 Cuán ua Lothcháin, chief poet of Ireland, was killed in Tethba by the men of Tethba themselves. The party that killed him became putrid within the hour. That was a poet's miracle."
The Annals of the Four Masters give his obit as- "M1024.4 Cuan Ua Lothchain, chief poet of Ireland, and a learned historian, was slain in Teathbha, and the party who killed him became putrid in one hour; and this was a poet's miracle."
The Annals of Inisfallen give his obit as- "AI1024.6 Cúán. Ua Lothcháin, chief poet of Ireland and a historian, was slain by the men of Tethba; and the man who slew him, i.e. the son of Gilla Ultáin, son of Roduib, was killed forthwith."
The Annals of Loch Cé give his obit as- "LC1024.4 Cuan Ua Lochain, i.e. the chief poet of Erinn, was slain by the men of Tethfa. God performed a ‘poet's miracle,’ manifestly, on the party that killed him, for they died an evil death, and their bodies were not buried until wolves and birds preyed upon them."
The Chronicon Scotorum give his obit as- "Annal CS1024 Kalends. Cuán ua Lothcháin, chief poet of Ireland and an expert in tradition lore was killed in Tebtha, and those nine who killed him turned putrid and that is a poet's miracle."
| Preceded byClothna mac Aenghusa | Chief Ollam of Ireland 1008–1024 | Succeeded byCú Mara mac Mac Liac |
# Tashi Tshering (Sikkimese politician)

Tashi Tshering (Sikkimese: བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཚེ་རིང་; Wylie: bkra-shis tshe-ring) was the first Chief Minister in erstwhile Kingdom of Sikkim from 8 May 1949 to 6 June 1949. He was the President of Sikkim State Congress.

## Career

Tashi Tshering founded the Praja Sudharak Samaj in 1940s. Sikkim State Congress was formed on 7 December 1947 after localised organisations Praja Sudharak Samaj, Praja Sammelan and Praja Mandal jointly decided to form a unified party. He along with Gobardhan Pradhan, DB Tiwari, CD Rai, DS Lepcha, Sonam Tshering, LD Kazi, Roy Choudhary and Helen Lepcha are the founder members of the Sikkim State Congress. Tshering was also the President of the newly formed party. After the formation of the Congress, Tshering organised its first public meeting on 7 December 1947 at Gangtok demanding abolishing landlordism, forming an interim government and accession to India. In 1949, Sikkim State Congress led a statewide agitation for democracy leading to formation of Sikkim's first interim government led by Chief Minister Tashi Tshering and his popular ministry. However the government was dismissed within 29 days by the Indian Political Officer Harishwar Dayal.
# Note Printing Australia

Note Printing Australia (NPA) is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) that produces banknotes and passports. It was corporatised in July 1998 and is located in Craigieburn, Melbourne. NPA has its origins as a subsidiary of the Commonwealth Bank and was established in 1913 to print banknotes for Australia. After printing paper banknotes for 75 years, NPA introduced the first polymer banknote technology in 1988. NPA print banknotes for several other countries as well as Australia due to the high standards of durability and difficulty of counterfeiting.

## NPA polymer banknotes

In the mid 1960s Australia was hit by forgeries of the newly introduced $10 paper decimal note. In response, the Reserve Bank of Australia and Note Printing Australia commissioned the CSIRO to find better ways to secure the Australian currency. This led to the development of the polymer banknote, which the NPA took into production and introduced in 1988. NPA has since focused heavily in promoting the benefits of the polymer technology they developed. According to internal RBA documents, NPA's printing costs in 2012 were 34¢ per note.

### Use of polymer banknote technology in Australia and other countries

While NPA was initially involved in the production of the polymer substrate, a subsidiary company was created in 1996 that effectively removed NPA from this aspect of the banknote supply chain. Today, polymer substrate is manufactured in Australia by CCL Secure, which is wholly owned by CCL Industries, a Canadian publicly listed company. Polymer banknotes are now issued in more than 60 countries worldwide, including Canada.
Since 1988, NPA has printed more than 10 billion banknotes for 19 countries on more than 80 denominations. NPA has won numerous awards for its business and printing capability. In 2020, NPA won the Currency Services Award by the London-based industry organisation Central Banking and won a Printing Industry Craftsmanship Awards Gold Medal for the design and production of the Solomon Islands new $5 polymer banknote.

## Printing equipment

Note Printing Australia is a security printing facility, that uses a number of special printers not available to the general printing industry.

## 2014 mention in Victorian Supreme Court suppression order

NPA was mentioned in a leaked suppression order of the Supreme Court of Victoria in Melbourne. The order, by Justice Elizabeth Hollingworth, which forbids publication of corruption allegations against named government officials of Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam, includes a specific exemption allowing the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions to pass banned information on to NPA.
# Chen Ping

Chen Ping may refer to:
* Chen Ping (Han dynasty) (died 178 BC), minister during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Han
* Chen Ping (actress) (born 1948), Taiwanese actress
* Chen Ping (Sun TV) (born 1955), chairman of Sun TV in Hong Kong
# Nagyhalász Speedway Ring

Nagyhalász Speedway Ring is a motorcycle speedway track, located approximately 1 kilometre west of Nagyhalász on the Rétköz u road. The track is 300 metres in length.

## Speedway

The stadium was opened in 2015 by József Albók. It quickly became a significant venue for motorcycle speedway and was chosen to host important events. It held rounds of the 2017 Speedway European Championship and 2019 Speedway European Championship before being selected for a round of the 2021 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship.
The events proved to be a success, which led to a semi-final award of the 2022 European Pairs Speedway Championship, the qualifier for the 2022 Speedway Grand Prix. and the 2022 European Under-19 Individual Speedway Championship final.
The following year in 2023, the stadium continued to be chosen as a venue for major meetings and held three more leading events; the 2023 Speedway European Championship qualifier, a 2023 European Pairs Speedway Championship round and a 2023 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification round
# Children and Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act 1955

The Children and Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act 1955 (3 & 4 Eliz. 2. c. 28) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom Parliament that prohibited comics that were thought to be harmful to children. The Act was introduced by the Home Secretary, Gwilym Lloyd George (a son of former prime minister David Lloyd George), in response to the publication of horror comics which had become popular by the 1950s. This issue was drawn to the attention of Parliament by the National Union of Teachers and by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher.

## Provisions

Section 1 defined the kind of publication which the Act was intended to deal with. It applied to:
   "...any book, magazine or other like work which is of a kind likely to fall into the hands of children or young persons and consists wholly or mainly of stories told in pictures (with or without the addition of written matter), being stories portraying—
       (a) the commission of crimes; or
       (b) acts of violence or cruelty; or
       (c) incidents of a repulsive or horrible nature;
   in such a way that the work as a whole would tend to corrupt a child or young person into whose hands it might fall."
"Child or young person" means someone aged under 18.
Section 2(1) made it a criminal offence in England and Wales and Scotland to print, publish, sell or let on hire such a comic, or to possess one for the purpose of selling or letting it. The offence is punishable by imprisonment for up to 4 months or a £1,000 fine (increased from £100 in 1975 (Scotland) and 1982 (England)).
The offence was originally triable before a jury. However it is today a summary offence.
Section 2(2) requires the consent of the Attorney General to prosecute the offence in England and Wales.
Section 3 gives the courts the power to issue search warrants and to order forfeiture of harmful publications.
Section 4, the only section of the Act that applies to Northern Ireland, prohibits the importation of harmful publications into the United Kingdom. The prohibition also applies to "any plate prepared for the purpose of printing copies of any such work and any photographic film prepared for that purpose." Section 4 is the origin of the Royal Mail prohibition against mailing horror comics and the matrices used to print them. To contravene the section is an offence under the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, punishable with up to 7 years' imprisonment.
Section 5 includes "No provision of this Act, other than the provisions of the last foregoing section, shall extend to Northern Ireland." It also originally included a sunset clause under which the Act was to expire on 31 December 1965, unless Parliament decided otherwise. The Expiring Laws Act 1969 made the Act permanent.

## Prosecutions

There were no prosecutions under the Act until 1970, when there were two. The Attorney General refused to prosecute in 46 other cases between 1955 and 1982. There were no offences under the act recorded between April 2004 and February 2008.
# New Jersey Academy of Science

The New Jersey Academy of Science (NJAS) is a private, nonprofit society of scientists and others interested in science, with a membership of about 400 individuals in academia, government, and industry. The academy also includes college students who are pursuing both graduate and undergraduate degrees in the senior academy, as well as high school students in the junior academy.
Founded in 1954, the NJAS is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the National Academy of Sciences and works with the New Jersey state government to stimulate education and scientific research throughout the state.
The NJAS is headquartered at Kean University in Union, New Jersey.
# Chiranan Pitpreecha

Čhiranan Pitpreecha (born 1955) is a Thai poet and feminist. For a time, she had the married name Čhiranan Prasertkul. Her surname also appears as Phitprīchā. She is a recipient of the S.E.A. Write Award.

## Biography

The daughter of a bookstore owner, she was born in Trang Province. Pitpreecha was a prominent student activist in the 1973 Thai popular uprising; following the Thammasat University massacre in October 1976, she fled to the jungle and joined the Communist Party of Thailand. Pitpreecha returned to Bangkok in 1981. With her husband, Seksan Prasertkul, she went to the United States, where she earned a BA and MA in history from Cornell University. After her return to Thailand, she separated from her husband.
Pitpreecha's poem "Cracked Pebble" received an award for the best poem of 1981 from PEN International Thailand. She has written a variety of work, including poetry, history, travel articles, and social commentary, for various publications in Thailand. Her first collection of poems, Bai Mai Ti Hai Pai (The Missing Leaf) received the S.E.A. Write Award in 1989. In 1992, her poem "First Rain" was named best poem of the year by PEN International Thailand. In 2011, she was named one of the 65 most influential women in Thailand.
Her work has been translated into English, French, German, Russian, Japanese, and Malay.
# 1577 in art

Events from the year 1577 in art.

## Events

* El Greco moves from Rome to Spain, where he will spend the rest of his life.
* The Accademia di San Luca is founded as an association of artists in Rome.

## Works

Some dates approximate
* Lavinia Fontana - Self-Portrait at the Clavichord Accompanied by a Handmaiden
* El Greco - The Repentant Magdalen
* Nicholas Hilliard - Portrait miniatures
** The Duke of Alençon
** Marguerite of Navarre
** Self-portrait
* Cornelis Ketel - Martin Frobisher

## Births

* March 20 - Alessandro Tiarini, Italian Baroque painter of frescoes, façade decorations, and altarpieces (died 1668)
* June 28 – Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter (died 1640)
* July 21 - Adam Willaerts, Dutch painter (died 1664)
* October 17 - Cristofano Allori, Italian painter (died 1621)
* December 8 - Mario Minniti, Italian painter, also the model for Caravaggio's painting Boy with a Basket of Fruit (died 1640)
* date unknown
** Eugenio Caxés, Spanish painter (died 1634)
** Giacomo Cavedone, Italian painter of the Bolognese School (died 1660)
** Giovanni Battista Crescenzi, Italian painter and architect (died 1635)
** Aart Jansz Druyvesteyn, Dutch Golden Age painter (died 1627)
** Cornelis van der Geest, Dutch merchant and art collector (died 1638)

## Deaths

* February 17 - Giuliano Bugiardini, Italian painter (born 1475)
* May - Richard Aertsz, Dutch historical painter (born 1482)
* June 12 - Orazio Samacchini, Italian Mannerist painter (born 1532)
* date unknown
** Juan de Juni, French–Spanish sculptor (born 1507)
** Léonard Limousin, French painter, member of Limoges enamel painter family (born 1505)
** Guglielmo della Porta, Italian architect and sculptor (born c.1500)
** Antonis Mor, Dutch portrait painter (born 1517)
** Cristóbal Ramírez, painter and illuminator of manuscripts for King Philip II of Spain
** Lorenzo Sabbatini, Italian painter (born 1530)
** Michele Tosini, Italian Mannerist painter (born 1503)
* probable - Gert van Groningen, Danish sculptor (date of birth unknown)
# Chirmont

Chirmont (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Chirmont is situated on the D188 road, some 14 miles (23 km) south of Amiens.
# Neuroxena truncatus

Neuroxena truncatus is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is found in Ghana.
# Neurozerra roricyanea

Neurozerra roricyanea is a moth in the family Cossidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1862. It is found in Malaysia and New Guinea.
# Dewsbury Market Place railway station

Dewsbury railway station served the town of Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, England from 1867 to 1961 on the Dewsbury Branch Railway.

## History

The station opened as Dewsbury on 1 April 1867 by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. The station's name was changed to Dewsbury Market Place on 2 June 1924. It closed to passengers on 1 December 1930 and to goods traffic in 1961. The station is now demolished.
# New Hope Missionary Baptist Church Cemetery

The New Hope Missionary Baptist Church Cemetery is a cemetery on St. Marys Street in Lake Village, Arkansas. The cemetery is located adjacent to a modern church that is located on the site of churches that have served Lake Village's African American population since 1860.
The historic portion of the cemetery, east and south of the church, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It is the only known site associated with the area's large African American population from the 19th century.
# Chinese rufous horseshoe bat

The Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus) is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Vietnam.
The species is most easily confused with R. affinis, from which it is best distinguished by its straight-sided lancet and the relatively short second phalanx of the third digit (< 66% of the length of the metacarpal; Csorba et al. 2003).

## Subspecies

Rhinolophus sinicus is divided into the following two subspecies:
* R. s. septentrionalis
* R. s. sinicus

## Description

The Chinese rufous horseshoe bat has a forearm length of 43–56 mm (1.7–2.2 in). It has an ear length of 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) and a tail length of 21–30 mm (0.83–1.18 in). Overall, it is considered a medium-sized horseshoe bat. It is similar in appearance to the rufous horseshoe bat, though with longer wings. While also similar to Thomas's horseshoe bat, it is slightly larger. The fur on its back is bicolored: the basal two-thirds of individual hairs are brownish-white, while the tips of the hairs are reddish brown. Its belly fur is paler in color and is brownish-white.

## Biology and ecology

The Chinese rufous horseshoe bat is a social animal, forming colonies of a few individuals up to several hundred. During the reproductive season, the sexes segregate, with females forming maternity colonies. Additionally this species is a food source of the parasite Sinospelaeobdella, a jawed land leech. They roost in caves, often with other bat species.

## Conservation status

Chinese rufous horseshoe bats are a least-concern species, assessed by the Red List of Threatened Species on the basis that it has fairly wide distribution and is locally common in southeast Asia. The species is not listed in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife in 1989.

## Disease

Bats of this species form the natural reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus. An example of one particular strain present is Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1.
# Chirographer

A chirographer can refer to
* Someone who studies chirography
* a machine patented in 1842 by Charles Thurber which was an early form of typewriter.
* "The officer appointed to 'engross fines' (chirographs), in the Court of Common Pleas (Abolished in 1833.)" ("chirographer, n.", Oxford English Dictionary)
# New Album (disambiguation)

New Album is a 2011 album by Boris.
New Album may also refer to:
* The New Album, an album by the Everly Brothers, 1977
* The New Album, an album by Blackstratblues, 2009
* Lena: A New Album, an album by Lena Horne, 1976
* Tormé: A New Album, an album by Mel Tormé, 1977