OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Identification of Fixed Objects in Public Transport

IFOPT (Identification of Fixed Objects in Public Transport) is a CEN Technical Specification that provides a Reference Data Model for describing the main fixed objects required for public access to Public transport, that is to say Transportation hubs (such as airports, stations, bus stops, ports, and other destination places and points of interest, as well as their entrances, platforms, concourses, internal spaces, equipment, facilities, accessibility etc.). Such a model is a fundamental component of the modern Public transport information systems needed both to operate Public transport and to inform passengers about services. IFOPT has been revised and incorporated into Transmodel v6 – Part 2.

## Scope

IFOPT is itself built upon the CEN Transmodel standard and defines four related sub models.
* Stop Place Model: Describes the detailed structure of a Stop Place (that is stations, airports, ferry ports, bus stops, coach stations, etc., providing a point of access to public transport) including Entrances, pathways, and accessibility limitations.
* Point of Interest Model: Describes the structure of a point of interest (that is tourist attractions, leisure facilities, stadia, public buildings, parks, prisons, etc.) to which people may wish to travel by public transport) including physical points of access, i.e. Entrances.
* Gazetteer Topographical Model: Provides a topographical representation of the settlements (cities, towns, villages etc.) between which people travel. It is used to associate Stop and Station elements with the appropriate topographic names and concepts to support the functions of journey planning, stop finding, etc.
* Administrative Model. Provides an organisational model for assigning responsibility to create and maintain data as a collaborative process involving distributed stakeholders. Includes namespace management to manage the decentralised issuing of unique identifiers.

## Stop Places

The Stop Place model defines a conceptual model and identification principles for places of access (Stop Places) for all modes of transport (including airports, stations, ports, bus stops, coach stations, taxi ranks, etc.).
* It distinguishes all physical points of access to transport such as platforms, gates, quays, bays, stances, taxi ranks, and also other areas of an interchange such as booking halls, concourses, waiting rooms, etc.
* It describes the navigation paths between such points allowing the routing by journey planners.
* It can represent detailed accessibility data about access for wheelchair users, the visually impaired, and other categories of users with special needs, etc.
* It can also represent likely points of delay due to processes such as checkin, security, etc.
* Stop Places and their component elements can be assigned the names, labels and codes needed to identify them to the public in different contexts.
* Components can be associated with elements of other information layers such as the Road and Path Network to allow for integrated journey routing.
# Drummonds Bank

Messrs. Drummond, Bankers is a formerly independent private bank in the United Kingdom that is now part of NatWest Group. The Royal Bank of Scotland incorporating Messrs Drummond, Bankers is based at 49 Charing Cross in central London. Drummonds is authorised as a brand of The Royal Bank of Scotland by the Prudential Regulation Authority.

## History

Andrew Drummond (1688–1769), a goldsmith, founded the bank in 1717. The bank remained within the Drummond family until 1924, when it became known as the Drummonds Branch of the Royal Bank of Scotland. The bank was the Royal Bank's first acquisition south of the Scottish border and continued to be managed by a board of local directors until the 1960s.
In 1992, RBS Holt's branch in Whitehall was absorbed by the London Drummonds branch; it continues to operate as Holt's Military Banking, based in Farnborough, offering personal banking tailored to the needs of navy, army and air force officers. At the same time, the Royal Bank of Scotland revived Drummonds as a specialist in private banking.
The bank offers a variety of services to its private clients, including wealth and asset management. It has been based at its headquarters since 1760. Prior to 1758, the site was occupied by the townhouse, Naunton House. In 1758 the Westminster Bridge Commissioners purchased Naunton House and its neighbouring houses, for the purpose of widening the street. The surplus property was sold to Drummonds for £1,100. The building was reconstructed from 1877 to 1881; Admiralty Arch was built and The Mall laid out nearby shortly after. The building is listed Grade II on Historic England's register of listed buildings.
The bank's focus on wealth management led it to create a specialised department for UK National Lottery winners separate from its more traditional practices.

## Clients

As is tradition with most London private banks, account holders' identities are kept a bank secret. Some historical clients have though been revealed, including a variety of distinguished figures: HM King George III and other members of the royal family, Alexander Pope, Benjamin Disraeli, Beau Brummell, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Robert and James Adam, Capability Brown, Josiah Wedgwood, and Thomas Gainsborough. The bank also holds accounts for organisations and institutions such as the Conservative Party and Royal Academy.

## Royal account holders

Both Coutts & Co. and Drummonds have received royal patronage. King George III moved his account from Coutts to Drummonds during his reign as he was displeased with Coutts for bankrolling the Prince of Wales from his personal account. Messrs Drummond & Co. honoured the wishes of the King, but unsurprisingly when the Prince of Wales became King George IV in 1820, he moved the royal account back to Coutts. More recent known members of the royal family to bank at Drummonds include the late Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, who was distantly related to the founding Drummond family.
# Rupert II, Count of Laurenburg

Rupert II of Laurenburg, German: Ruprecht II. von Laurenburg (died c. 1159) was count of Laurenburg and one of the ancestors of the House of Nassau.
Rupert was a son of count Rupert I of Laurenburg and Beatrix of Limburg, a daughter of Walram II the Pagan, Count of Limburg and Duke of Lower Lorraine, and Jutta of Guelders (daughter of count Gerard I of Guelders).
Rupert is mentioned as count of Laurenburg between 1154 and 1158. He ruled together with his brother Arnold II. Rupert and Arnold were, together with their mother, last mentioned in a charter dated 1 April 1158.

## Uncertainty about wife and children

Due to the lack of data, there is much unknown about the early counts of Laurenburg and Nassau, including the exact family relationships. Maybe the wife of Rupert was also called Beatrix, but no marriage has been mentioned of him. As the uncle of count Rupert III of Nassau, Rupert II could very well have been the father of count Walram I of Nassau, who then, as cousin, succeeded count Herman of Nassau, the son of Rupert III.

## Sources

* This article was translated from the corresponding Dutch Wikipedia article, as of 2018-08-25.
* Dek, A.W.E. (1970). Genealogie van het Vorstenhuis Nassau [Genealogy of the Royal House of Nassau] (in Dutch). Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek. OCLC 27365371.
* Hesselfelt, H.F.J. (1965). "De oudste generaties van het Huis Nassau" [The oldest generations of the House of Nassau]. De Nederlandsche Leeuw, Maandblad van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Genootschap voor Geslacht- en Wapenkunde [The Dutch Lion, Monthly Journal of the Royal Dutch Society for Genealogy and Heraldry] (in Dutch). 1965 (11): 354–365.
* Venne, J.M. van de; Stols, Alexander A.M. (1937). Geslachts-Register van het Vorstenhuis Nassau [Genealogy of the Royal House of Nassau] (in Dutch). Maastricht: A. A. M. Stols’ Uitgevers-Maatschappij.
# Iapetonudus

Iapetonudus is an extinct genus of conodonts.
Like other members of its genus, Iapetognathus fluctivagus had ramiform (branching) array of elements (apparatus). It is believed that the ramiform apparatus in Iapetognathus fluctivagus evolved from the coniform (cone-like) apparatus of Iapetonudus ibexensis.
# Mocanaqua, Pennsylvania

Mocanaqua is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Conyngham Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 646 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.54 square miles (1.4 km$^2$), of which 0.50 square miles (1.3 km$^2$) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km$^2$), or 9.55%, is water. It is located on the east bank of the Susquehanna River along PA 239, which crosses the river and links Mocanaqua to the borough of Shickshinny.

## Education

Students attend the Greater Nanticoke Area School District.

## Gallery

* Polish Falcons Hall in Mocanaqua
* Main Street
* Houses in Mocanaqua
* Church in Mocanaqua
# Prabhat Prakashan

Prabhat Prakashan is an Indian publishing house. It was co-founded in 1958 by Shyam Sunder Agarwal. They publish books in English and Hindi languages. They are the first Indian publisher to bring out Hindi translations of Russian classics including the works of authors like Chekhov, Tolstoy, and Gorky.
# Ilham Hussain

Ilham Hussain (born May 23, 1955) is a Maldivian health advocate, public figure, and politician who served as the First Lady of the Maldives from 2012 until 2013 during the tenure of President Mohammed Waheed Hassan. She also served as the Second Lady of the Maldives from 2008 to 2012. She is now the head of the Maldives Autism Association.
# Drive Back Home

Drive Back Home is a 2024 Canadian drama film, written and directed by Michael Clowater. Set in 1970, the film stars Charlie Creed-Miles as Weldon, a blue-collar plumber from New Brunswick who has been forced to travel to Toronto to bail his estranged brother Perley (Alan Cumming) out of jail following his arrest for having sex with another man in a public park, and centres on their road trip back to New Brunswick.
The cast also includes Clare Coulter, Sprague Grayden, Gray Powell, Judah Davidson, Guy Sprung, Alexandre Bourgeois, Anthony Jones Nestoras, Gord Rand, Brian Bisson, Thomas Mitchell, Jennifer Carroll, Deborah Tennant, Dan Beirne, David Assinewai, Jayden Kirton, Joe Drinkwalter, Cameron Nicoll and Jude Zappala in supporting roles.

## Production

The film was based on the true story of Clowater's grandfather Ernie and great-uncle Hedley, with coverage of the film noting that it was a common tactic of police in the era to deal with arrests of gay men by having a family member come pick the person up in lieu of jail time, thus effectively outing the gay man to their families involuntarily.
Production on the film began in winter 2023 in North Bay, Ontario.

## Distribution

The film premiered at the 2024 Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival.
It was subsequently screened at the 2024 Calgary International Film Festival, where it won the audience award for Canadian narrative features.
# Lynchburg, Missouri

Lynchburg is an unincorporated community in southeastern Laclede County, Missouri, United States. It is located at the intersection of Missouri routes 32 and 95, approximately 30 miles southeast of Lebanon.
A post office called Lynchburg was established in 1897, and remained in operation until 1996. The community has the name of David and R. D. Lynch, early settlers.
# Exeter Book riddle 9

Exeter Book Riddle 9 (according to the numbering of the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records) is one of the Old English riddles found in the later tenth-century Exeter Book, in this case on folio 103r–v. The solution is believed to be 'cuckoo'. The riddle can be understood in its manuscript context as part of a sequence of bird-riddles.

## Text

As translated by Harriet Soper, Riddle 9 runs:

## Editions and translations

* Megan Cavell, translation and commentary for Riddle 9, The Riddle Ages: Early Medieval Riddles, Translations and Commentaries, ed. by Megan Cavell, with Matthias Ammon, Neville Mogford and Victoria Symons (Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2020 [first publ. 2013])
* Foys, Martin et al. (eds.) Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project (Madison, WI: Center for the History of Print and Digital Culture, 2019-). Online edition annotated and linked to digital facsimile, with a modern translation.

## Recordings

* Michael D. C. Drout, 'Riddle 9', performed from the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records edition (19 October 2007).
# 1564 in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 1564 in Norway.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Frederick II.

## Events

* Northern Seven Years War:
** February – Swedish troops occupy Jemtland, Herjedalen and Trøndelag. Trøndelag is retaken the same year, but Jemtland and Herjedalen is given back in 1570.
** Helgeseter Priory is burned down by Swedish forces.
** 22 May – Norwegian forces under the command of Erik Rosenkrantz retakes Steinvikholm Castle from Swedish troops.

## Births

* 28 June – Cort Aslakssøn astronomer, theologist and philosopher (died 1624).
# Mapopa Chipeta

Mapopa Chipeta is a former Malawian politician. Chipeta was foreign minister of his country from 1997-1999.
# Fiji Cane Growers Association

The Fiji Cane Growers Association (FCGA) is a cane farmers' union established in 1992 by supporters of the National Federation Party (NFP).
After the 1987 military coup in Fiji, most of the farmers' unions curtailed their activities, leaving the National Farmers Union (NFU) as the only active farmers' union in the country. Consequently, when elections were held for the Sugar Cane Growers Council in March 1992, the NFU won 33 of the 38 elected positions. It then came as no surprise when the NFP, which had decided to contest the May 1992 elections, tried to shore up its support amongst cane farmers by setting up a rival union, the FGCA. This move paid dividends to the NFP as it won 14 of the 27 seats reserved for Indians in the House of Representatives and its leader, Jai Ram Reddy, became the Leader of the Opposition.
Although the FCGA has never won the majority of the seats in the Growers Council, it has been able to exercise control over the council with the help of independents and the 8 Government appointed Councillors.
Following the 2006 Fijian coup d'état the military regime arbitrarily dismissed the chief executive of the council, Jagannath Sami. The military regime subsequently ignored a court order that he be reinstated. He was replaced by Jai Gawander.
# Marcellino Pipite

Marcellino Pipite is a Vanuatuan politician and former school administration, who was first elected to Parliament in 2004. He was the foreign minister of Vanuatu from November 2004 until December 2004, in the government of Serge Vohor. He was previously the minister for comprehensive reform. He lost his position in the cabinet in December 2004 when the Vohor government fell.
He was elected as the Speaker of the Parliament of Vanuatu on 16 June 2015, and served until October 2015.
On October 10, 2015, while serving as acting President, he pardoned himself and 13 other MPs who the Supreme Court had found guilty of bribery. President Baldwin Lonsdale, returning to Vanuatu hours after Pipite's pardon has been issued, declared that nobody is above the law and revoked the pardon, a decision upheld by the Supreme Court of Vanuatu. Pipite and 10 of the other MPs faced charges of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. Sentencing on the bribery charges went ahead and Pipite was jailed for 3 years, together with most of the other convicted MPs.
# Pretty Diff

Pretty Diff is a language-aware data comparison utility implemented in TypeScript. The online utility is capable of source code prettification, minification, and comparison of two pieces of input text. It operates by removing code comments from supported languages and then performs a pretty-print operation prior to executing the diff algorithm. An abbreviated list of unit tests is provided. The documentation claims the JavaScript pretty-print operation conforms to the requirements of JSLint.
As Pretty Diff is written entirely in TypeScript, the application executes in a web browser or on command line using a stand-alone JavaScript interpreter, such as Node.js.
As of March 23, 2016 Pretty Diff stated it would abandon NPM in response to a list of disagreements. On April 18, 2016 in parallel to the release of Pretty Diff version 2.0.0. the NPM package is updated to artificial version 99 where it is effectively locked into version 1.16.37.
The source code is published at the Pretty Diff GitHub repository.

## Alternatives

* JS Diff Lib - Diff tool written in JavaScript
* JS Beautify - HTML and JavaScript beautification
* JSMin - Minifier for JavaScript written in JavaScript
* CSSmin - Minifier for CSS
* Google Closure Compiler - Minifier for CSS, JavaScript, and HTML.
# Lopingian

The Lopingian is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian. It is the last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.
The Lopingian is often synonymous with the informal terms late Permian or upper Permian.
The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian.
The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma.
Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.

## Geography

During the Lopingian, most of the earth was in the supercontinent Pangaea. The Zechstein sea, would, at times, be connected to the Paleotethys; Other features of the earth during the time were the Microcontinent Cathaysia; And the Cimmerian superterrane, which divided the Tethys Ocean realm into the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and the slowly expanding Neotethys Ocean.

## Life

The Lopingian ended with the Permian–Triassic extinction event, where over 95% of species went extinct.
The series follows the Guadalupian, which ended with the Capitanian mass extinction, during which many species of brachiopods, ammonoids and other groups went extinct.
Conodonts would reach their all-time low during this period, despite this, they are recovered from most marine Permian localities. Common conodonts from the Lopingian include the genera Clarkina and Hindeodus.
The Lopingian would see the decline of the Paleozoic ammonoid orders (Goniatitida and Prolecanitida) and the rise of the order Ceratitida, especially within the superfamily Xenodiscoidea.
Only seven trilobites are known from the Lopingian, with only five by the end of the epoch. One of the last members of this clade was Kathwaia capitorosa.
Eurypterids were nearly extinct by this point, consisting of the possibly Lopingian Campylocephalus permicus of Russia; and the Changhsingian Woodwardopterus? freemanorum of Australia.
A member of the extant Horseshoe crab family, Limulidae; Guangyuanolimulus appears at the end of the period.
On land, gorgonopsians would become the apex predators after the extinction of the Dinocephalians, Other predators include the Therocephalians. Herbivorous animals of the Lopingian include the pareiasaurs such as Scutosaurus or dicynodonts, such as Dicynodon.

### Fossil gallery

* Smilesaurus ferox, one of the most fearsome predators of the Lopingian
* Skull of Dicynodon, a dicynodont.
* Scutosaurus, a common herbivore during the late Permian
* Paratirolites, an ammonoid from the latest Permian (Changhsingian)
# Battle of Hakadal

60°7′9.7″N 10°49′29.88″E﻿ / ﻿60.119361°N 10.8249667°E﻿ / 60.119361; 10.8249667
The battle at Hakadal was the first battle in Snorre Sturlasson's narration of Harald Fairhair's unification of Norway.
Heimskringla tells of how when king Halfdan the Black of Vestfold died his son Harald was still only a child of ten. The kings of the surrounding countries quickly attempted to take advantage of the perceived weakness of the child king. While several kings from Oppland were gathering forces in the north, king Gandalf Alfgeirsson of Alfheimr was the first to strike. He split his army in two, one force led by his son Hake was to advance on land, while the other, led by Gandalv, was to cross the sea and attack the Vestfold army from the rear.
On hearing of the enemy army approaching king Harald's regent, his uncle Guttorm, quickly raised an army and marched towards the army advancing overland. Guttorm destroyed the enemy army, and Hake fell there. The valley where they fought has later taken his name.
After the battle Guttorm turned his forces to face the army of king Gandalv that had landed in Vestfold, further south. Guttorm forced Gandalv to retreat, and destroyed most of his army.
# Constant Hot Water

Constant Hot Water is a British sitcom written by Colin Pearson. Six episodes were broadcast from 10 January to 14 February 1986 on ITV. Every episode was broadcast on Friday nights at 8:30pm, and lasted 25 minutes.

## Synopsis

Constant Hot Water starred popular British actresses Pat Phoenix and Prunella Gee, who played rival landladies, Phyllis Nugent (Phoenix) and Miranda Thorpe (Gee), in the seaside town of Bridlington.
Busybody Phyllis, who is prim and proper, strongly objects to the arrival of glamorous widow Miranda, who has opened up her house next door as a rival B&B. All the men fancy Miranda, but Phyllis believes that she is a 'loose woman', and lowers the tone of the neighbourhood, even accusing her of running a brothel.

## Production

The hotel used for filming of the series was the Leeds House Guest House in Bridlington.
Constant Hot Water's theme song was provided by comedy musical cabaret group Instant Sunshine.

## Reception

The series was critically unsuccessful, and in 2003, it was number 6 in the list of the worst British sitcoms in the Radio Times Guide to TV Comedy.
However, the ratings, while not stellar, were over 9.3 million for each episode, and a second series was reputedly planned, though did not materialise. On an episode of Wogan (27 June 1986), star Pat Phoenix said that no matter what the critical response was, 'the public seemed to like it, and we are doing another series this autumn with new writers and a lot of new ideas in it.'
Constant Hot Water was never released on video, and it remains unreleased on DVD.

## Cast

* Pat Phoenix (billed as Patricia Phoenix) - Phyllis Nugent
* Prunella Gee - Miranda Thorpe
* Steve Alder - Frank Osbourne
* Roger Kemp - Norman Nugent
* Mohammed Ashiq (Ash Varrez) - Trevor
* Kevin Lloyd - Jeff
* Al Ashton - Brian
* Joe McPartland - Paddy
* Tricia Walsh-Smith - Linda

## Episodes

| Ep | Title | Original air date | Ratings (millions) | Chart |
| 1 | "Bed And Breakfast" | 10 January 1986 | 11.12 | 25 |
| 2 | "Sunday Lunch" | 17 January 1986 | 10.01 | 37 |
| 3 | "One Night In Portofino" | 24 January 1986 | 9.6 | 44 |
| 4 | "The Germans Are Coming" | 31 January 1986 | 9.31 | 46 |
| 5 | "Chef's Special" | 7 February 1986 | 10.21 | 37 |
| 6 | "Full House" | 14 February 1986 | 9.66 | 44 |