OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tupolev ANT-41

The Tupolev ANT-41 was a prototype Soviet twin-engined torpedo-bomber of the 1930s. A single prototype was built, which was destroyed in a crash. No production followed, with the Ilyushin DB-3 serving as a torpedo bomber instead.

## Design and development

In March 1934, the Tupolev design bureau (OKB) began work on a multi-role aircraft for Soviet Naval Aviation, intended to serve as a high-speed, long-range torpedo bomber, reconnaissance aircraft and "cruiser" (i.e. long-range heavy fighter), and available in both landplane and floatplane versions. The task of designing the new aircraft, given the OKB designation ANT-41 and the Navy designation T-1 (Torpedonosets – i.e. torpedo carrier) was assigned to the team led by Vladimir Myasishchev.
The ANT-41 was of similar layout to the contemporary SB bomber, which had been designed by another team (led by Alexander Arkhangelsky) at the Tupolev OKB, but was larger and more powerful. Like the SB, it was a mid-winged cantilever monoplane of all-metal stressed skin construction. It was powered by two Mikulin AM-34 liquid-cooled V12 engines in close-fitting cowlings driving 3-bladed propellers and cooled by radiators mounted inside the wings inboard of the engines, which were fed by narrow ducts on the leading edge of the wing. A long (6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)) weapons bay under the fuselage could hold two 880 kilograms (1,940 lb) torpedoes, or a single 1,700 kilograms (3,700 lb) torpedo or an equivalent weight in bombs. The undercarriage of the landplane version was a retractable tailwheel undercarriage, based on that of the SB but strengthened to deal with the ANT-41's greater weight.

## History

The first prototype ANT-41, a landplane, made its maiden flight from Khodynka Aerodrome, Moscow on 2 June 1936, with severe tail flutter encountered. It was destroyed in a crash during the 14th test flight on 3 July 1936, with the test crew escaping by parachute. The accident was caused by flutter causing wing failure, which was traced to inadequate aileron design. Later that year, the Ilyushin DB-3 was chosen to meet Soviet Naval Aviation's requirements for a torpedo bomber, and the ANT-41 was cancelled, with the second prototype unbuilt.

## Specifications

Data from Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft
General characteristics
* Crew: 4
* Length: 15.54 m (51 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 25.73 m (84 ft 5 in)
* Height: 3.86 m (12 ft 8 in)
* Wing area: 88.94 m$^2$ (957.3 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 5,846 kg (12,888 lb)
* Gross weight: 8,925 kg (19,676 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Mikulin AM-34 FRNV liquid-cooled V-12 engines, 951 kW (1,275 hp) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 435 km/h (270 mph, 235 kn)
* Range: 4,200 km (2,600 mi, 2,300 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 9,500 m (31,200 ft)
Armament
* Guns: 2 × 12.7 mm ShVAK machine guns and 1 × 20 mm ShVAK cannon
* Bombs: 2× torpedoes or 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) of bombs
# Scots Gap

Scots Gap is a small village in the civil parish of Wallington Demesne, in Northumberland, United Kingdom.

## Population

Scots Gap has approximately 70 private residential dwellings, the oldest dating from the mid 1800s and the latest pair being under construction in 2016. Private residences in the village are dominated by West Grange Hall and estate, covering some 35 acres across the north-east corner of the village.

## Agricultural mart

The village is best known for the livestock mart which holds weekly sales of prime sheep from June to February and occasional cattle and other sales. The mart is operated by Hexham and Northern Marts Company and the facility is the largest built structure in the village. The agricultural mart is believed to have been the primary driver behind the opening of the Scots Gap railway station in the 19th century. The railway line and station closed in 1966, though the station building survives.

## Facilities

In addition to West Grange Hall and the agricultural mart, the village offers:
* A country store operated by Robson & Cowan
* A petrol station
* Arkwrights Village Store
* The Scots Gap Methodist Church
* The Scots Gap Medical Group, a GP surgery voted best in the UK in 2016
* The former North East Regional Office of the National Trust, now empty
# Figure IV Entertainment

Figure IV Entertainment was a Canadian independent record label, specializing in hip hop music.
Based in Vancouver, British Columbia (with another office in New York City), the label was co-founded in 1994 by Sol Guy, to manage his group Rascalz. In 1998, the label released the groundbreaking Rascalz single "Northern Touch", which won a Juno Award for Best Rap Recording the following year. The roster later expanded to include Kardinal Offishall and k-os among others. In 2000, the label released "Husslin'" by Kardinal Offishall, which was one of the hottest 12" singles of the year, and it quickly became an underground favorite. The next year, Guy left the label to pursue other interests.
# Fanny Wilkinson

Fanny Wilkinson (1855–1951) was a British landscape designer. She was the first professional female landscape designer in Britain, and responsible for the design and the layout of more than 75 public gardens across London in the late 19th century.

## Early life

Fanny Wilkinson was born in 1855 in Manchester, the daughter of Matthew Eason Wilkinson, a prominent doctor who became president of the British Medical Association, and his wife, Louisa.

## Education

She was educated ‘privately and abroad’, but by the end of 1883 she had completed an 18-month course at the Crystal Palace School of Landscape Gardening and Practical Horticulture in London, at a time when such classes were intended only for men. She later said that 'I was always fond of gardening as a child, and I took it up because I felt it suited me, and I wanted to do something …’. She may have been inspired by the grounds of Middlethorpe Hall, the family residence in Yorkshire.

## Career

In 1884 she was elected as honorary gardener to the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association but two years later this was changed to a professional position for which she was paid a fee. In an interview in 1890 she commented that ‘I certainly do not let myself be underpaid as many women do. … I know my profession and charge accordingly, as all women should do.’ Among the many public gardens across London that she planned and that were laid out under her supervision were Goldsmith’s Square, Hackney; Myatt’s Fields Park, Camberwell; Paddington Street Gardens, Marylebone; Meath Gardens, Bethnal Green; and the churchyard of St John, Smith Square, Westminster.
In 1887 Fanny Wilkinson was also working as a landscape designer to the Kyrle Society, which aimed to ‘bring beauty to the lives of the poor’. Through the society she was commissioned to design Vauxhall Park, opened in 1890. This was created on land saved from development and purchased by Henry Fawcett and Millicent Garrett Fawcett; Millicent and her sisters became good friends of Fanny. Fanny's sister Louisa married Millicent’s brother.
In 1902 she became the first female Principal of Swanley Horticultural College and in that post she encouraged other women to enter the profession. She co-founded the Women’s Agricultural and Horticultural International Union (1899), through which women were recruited to sustain agriculture and food production during the First World War. The organisation continues as the Working For Gardeners Association.

## Commemoration

In 2022 English Heritage announced that Fanny Wilkinson would be commemorated with a blue plaque at her former home in Bloomsbury, London, later that year. She was nominated for the plaque by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association, the organisation which kickstarted her professional career.
# Chaylon Brewster

Chaylon Brewster, better known as Nevski, is a Canadian born music producer who has created sound for the likes of Mike Dean, Tanya Herron, Prentiss Church and Nelly's label, Derrty Ent.
Brewster was born on May 6, 1982, in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia where he lived for the first 12 years of his life later moving to Kingsville, Ontario, a suburb of Windsor, Ontario where he gained most of his exposure to the Hip Hop scene. Later in 1998 he moved to Charlottetown and focused heavily on the local hip hop scene there.
In 2001, he was contacted by Brockway Biggs, an up-and-coming rapper from New Brunswick to produce a remix to his song, "The Pimp-T Theme" which was later nominated for an East Coast Music Award in 2003. In 2004 Brewster again produced the hit from Brockway Biggs' second album, "Shake Ya Caboose" which was nominated in 2005 for an East Coast Music Award which finally took home the award for best Urban Recording.
In 2006 Shake Ya Caboose was picked up by Nelly's label, Derrty Ent, to be a Canadian promotional song for their new energy drink, Pimp Juice. Brewster was again asked to make a whole new beat for the track, and then Guinness Book record holder D.O. and Derrty Ent's Prentiss Church were included in the track alongside Brockway Biggs. The track was released on April 20, 2007.

## Sources

* PJ News
* :: Hip Hop Canada ::
* Pimp Tea
* Gracenote Music: Albums - Pimp-T :: Power Is Mindful Peace
* This article about a Canadian musician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This biographical article related to hip hop music is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ran Zhi

Ran Zhi (Chinese: 冉智; died c. 354) was the crown prince of the short-lived Chinese state Ran Wei. His father was the state's only emperor, Ran Min.
Ran Zhi, as Ran Min's oldest son, was created crown prince when he proclaimed the new state in 350 after overthrowing the Later Zhao emperor Shi Jian and declared himself emperor. He created Ran Zhi's mother Lady Dong empress. After he was captured and executed by Former Yan's prince Murong Jun in 352, Empress Dong tried to hold out but was eventually forced to surrender. Murong Jun created her the Lady Fengxi and created Ran Zhi the Marquess of Haibin. In 354, the Former Yan official Song Bin (宋斌) was accused of leading a plot to have Ran Zhi made emperor, and it was said that all who were involved were executed — implying, but not explicitly stating, that Ran Zhi was executed as well.
# 1873 Gloucester by-election

The 1873 Gloucester by-election was fought on 8 May 1873. The by-election was fought due to the Resignation of the incumbent MP of the Liberal Party, William Philip Price. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Killigrew Wait.
# Della Herbst

Della Herbst (born February 26, 1935) was an American politician in the state of Wyoming. She served in the Wyoming House of Representatives and the Wyoming Senate as a member of the Democratic Party. A homemaker, she was married to John Herbst. She was also the Mayor of Sheridan, Wyoming from 1993 to 1996.
# Foundation (b-boy book)

Foundation: B-boys, B-girls and Hip-Hop Culture in New York is a book by Joseph G. Schloss which looks at b-boying and the culture surrounding it. It features excerpts from interviews the author did with major figures in the b-boying world such as Ken Swift of Rock Steady Crew, Alien Ness, and Trac 2.
Joseph Schloss is an Adjunct Associate Professor of Black and Latino Studies and Sociology at City University of New York and also lecturers at Princeton University. Schloss attended every b-boy event in New York City for five years, learning b-boying as he researched the book.
The book makes arguments against other hip-hop non-fiction books, mainly saying they do not engage the actual hip-hop/b-boy communities enough when doing scholarship of this kind.

## Reception

The Boston Globe calls it "the best work ever produced on b-boying, and one of the finest books yet to emerge from the swiftly proliferating ranks of hip-hop scholarship". It has also received positive reviews from Liberator Magazine and Jeff Chang.
# Pholela High School

Pholela High School, otherwise known as Pholela Institute or Pholela Public and at times called P.I. is a school in Bulwer, KwaZulu-Natal. It used to be a boarding school run as an institution until it was made a public school in the year 2000.

## History

Pholela High School is a school previously run by the Presbyterian Church. The school buildings were built in the old Dutch style, on the main road in Bulwer, directly facing the Amahwaqa Mountain.
The school was well known before the 2000s as one of the few black schools that consistently produced good matric results. The government took over the school due to some issues in 1999. After this results declined, leading eventually to the closure of the boarding facility in 2008.
The school also has a large chapel at the centre as evidence of the church and religious influences.There was a compulsory church service every Sunday and there were prayers held every night organised by the SCM (Student Christian Movement) and occasionally, this organisation organised late night Sunday services that gave the students much entertainment through different performances.
Further classrooms were built including a Computer Room. On the sports front, provincial and, on occasion, national honours, have been earned in for example volleyball, soccer and netball. The school has a soccer/athletics field,a tennis court, volleyball court, a basketball field and 2 netball fields scattered over the large school premises.

### Principals

* Rev J Khonyane
* Mr Petzer
* Mr Grantham 1996-1998
* Mr M.D. Hlongwane (1998–2005)
* Mr Myburgh (1998)
* Mrs Steer (1999)
* Mr Mbanjwa (2005-2007)
* Mr M.N. Skhakhane (2007-current)

### Superintendents

* Mr Mlotshwa
* Mr Maphosa

## The school today

The school is run by the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education and a school governing body.
About 685 students, mostly from the local areas of Bulwer, attend the school. Previously, the school attracted students from all over the country from as far afield as the Cape, Gauteng, etc. It is a Zulu-medium school and offers English as second languages (or first additional languages in the new FET curriculum). The school consists of the black population from the local areas.

## Facilities

Sports offered include soccer (football), netball, athletics, volleyball, tennis and basketball represented by both boys and girls teams. Cultural activities, including chess, debating, team-speaking, choir, poetry and traditional are offered.
# George Poe

George Poe, Jr. (May 8, 1846 – February 3, 1914) was a pioneer of mechanical ventilation of asphyxiation victims. He was the first person to manufacture nitrous oxide for commercial use.

## Birth

He was the son of George Poe Sr. and Elizabeth Ross Ellicott, who married on December 14, 1835. Around 1885 he married Margaret Amy Wallace and they had the following children: George Poe III; Mary Elizabeth Ellicott Poe; Vylla Poe Wilson; and Elisabeth Ellicott Poe. He was a cousin of Edgar Allan Poe.

## Education and career

He attended the Virginia Military Institute, and after fighting in the American Civil War, Poe built the Poe Chemical Works in Trenton, New Jersey, which included the first plant in America for mass-producing liquid nitrous oxide. He chose Trenton because of its gas works which created the raw materials for creating nitrous oxide. By 1883 he was supplying about 5000 dentists with laughing gas.
Using the resources of his factory, Poe experimented with oxygen cylinders and tubing and found that he could resuscitate rats and rabbits that he had suffocated. In 1889, he undertook a nationwide tour. He claimed that his apparatus could revive humans who had drowned or been poisoned by gas lamps, and should be available in all hotels and lodging houses to deal with gas poisoning.

## Illness

Illness curtailed his activities. By 1900, he was nearly blind and partly paralyzed, and his doctors advised him to relocate to the country and retire. He moved to the Norfolk, Virginia, farm of a friend, Abram Cline Ostrander. He found that he could continue his research by enlisting the help of Arthur Frederick Ostrander, the article states: "Not the least interesting feature of Prof. Poe's device is the fact that a mere 10-year-old lad, Arthur Ostrander, acted as eyes and hands for the almost sightless and semi-paralyzed scientist in the construction of the device", the young son of his friend. Arthur Ostrander acted as Poe's eyes and hands, allowing him to further refine his device. In 1907 he began another tour, accompanied by Arthur Ostrander, and two Norfolk physicians, Dr. Francis Morgan and Dr. J. P. Jackson. He gained fresh publicity in 1909 when a man called Moses Goodman was revived using his apparatus. Again, his health prevented him from doing much, and other inventors developed their own artificial respirators.

## Death

He died on February 3, 1914, in Norfolk, Virginia. An obituary said that he had been nominated for a Nobel Prize. He was buried in Confederate Square, a Civil War memorial situated within Magnolia Cemetery, in Norfolk.

## Patents

* U.S. patent 859,778 Artificial Respiration (1907)
* U.S. patent 978,641 Gas Generator I (1909)
* U.S. patent 929,875 Gas Generator II (1909)
* U.S. patent 859,778 Safety Breathing Armor (1911)
# Alternative Matter

Alternative Matter is a compilation album by the UK band Antimatter.

## Track listing

DISC ONE
DISC TWO
DISC THREE - 'FORBIDDEN MATTER E.P.' (Limited Edition Artbook Only)
DISC FOUR - DVD (Limited Edition Artbook Only)

## Credits

* Music and lyrics: Mick Moss, Duncan Patterson
* Guest appearances: Danny Cavanagh, Colin Fromont, Rachel Brewster, Chris Phillips, Lisa Cuthbert, Jenny O'Connor, Amber-Page Moss, Mark Hughes, Ste Hughes, Łukasz Langa, Cláudia Andrade
* Artwork: Concept by Duncan Patterson and Mick Moss, from an original image by Bill Purcell, NASA
# Le Tâche

Le Tâche (French pronunciation:; 1,691 m) is a mountain of the Chablais Alps, overlooking the Rhone valley at Vouvry, in the canton of Valais. It lies east of the Lac de Taney.
# Szapsel Rotholc

Szapsel Rotholc (July 2, 1913 – 29 February 1996) was a Polish boxer.
Born into a Jewish family in Warsaw, he was a member of the Gwiazda Warszawa Boxing Club in 1929–1939. He won the bronze medal in the Flyweight class at the 1934 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Budapest. In 1933 he won the Polish champion title. He represented Poland in many matches: POL vs. HUN (1934, 1935), POL vs. USA (1934), POL vs. CZE (1934), POL vs. GER (1934, 1935, 1938), POL vs. NOR (1937), POL vs. DEN (1937), POL vs. ITA (1938), POL vs. FRA (1938), POL vs. SUI (1938), POL vs. EST (1938), POL vs. SWE (1939), POL vs. FIN (1939), scoring +15 –0 =1. He played also for Warsaw in duals against Dublin (1937), Vienna (1939) and Italy (1939), scoring +2 –1 =0. Rotholc won all fights except two, one drew and one loss with an Italian boxer Guido Nardecchia.
Rotholc took 10th and 6th places, respectively in 1934 and 1935, in the Polish Sportspersonality of the Year, chosen by the readers of the newspaper Przegląd Sportowy.
During the Nazi occupation in World War II, he lived and survived in the Warsaw Ghetto as a Jewish policeman. After the war he lived in Łódź until 1949, when he departed for Canada.
# Julio Ariza

Julio Ariza Irigoyen, born in Carcastillo, Navarra, Spain in 1957 is a Spanish entrepreneur who currently chairs the Grupo Intereconomia. He was part of the Spanish People's Party in Catalonia with Alejo Vidal-Quadras and an MP in the regional parliament.
After his political career in Catalonia, he moved to Madrid where he acquired Radio Intereconomía in 1997, a radio formula based on financial information and classical music. In the following years, it became a reference far-right station in Spain.
Until it filed for bankruptcy in March 2015, the Group comprised several media like television channels (IntereconomíaTV and Business TV), radio stations (Radio Inter and Radio Intereconomía) and the newspaper La Gaceta, with a strong conservative and anti-abortion ideology.
# Jaguar 1

The Raketenjagdpanzer (RakJPz 3) Jaguar 1 was a West German tank destroyer equipped with anti-tank guided missiles. From 1978 to 1982, 316 obsolete Raketenjagdpanzer 2 units were converted into Jaguar 1s by replacing the SS.11 missile system with a HOT launcher and upgrading the armour. From 1993 to 1995, new optics and a thermal imaging system were added to create the Jaguar 1A3.
# Julius Sämann

Julius Sämann (German:, French:; 15 April 1911 in Uffenheim, Germany – May 9, 1999) was a German-Canadian chemist who invented many everyday items, including Little Trees pine-tree-shaped air fresheners in Watertown, New York in 1952.
Sämann was born in Uffenheim, Bavaria, Germany to parents Simon Sämann and Lia Weglein.
# The Fruit

The Fruit, sculpted in 1906, is the work of Antoine Bourdelle. The statue is an anatomical study of a nude female who stands confidently, with fruit cupped in her right hand, her left arm bent behind and her ankles crossed.

## Gallery

* The Fruit, in the Musée Bourdelle
* Torso of Fruit, 1911, Trammell Crow Center, Dallas, Texas
# Geirlug The King's Daughter

Geirlug The King's Daughter is an Icelandic fairy tale collected in Neuisländischen Volksmärchen. Andrew Lang included it in The Olive Fairy Book.

## Synopsis

A king and a queen were in a garden with their baby son when a dragon carried off their son. The dragon flew on to a neighboring kingdom, where it tried to seize a baby princess, but there the king struck it with such a blow that it dropped the prince. The king saw on the blankets that this was Grethari, son of the king of the neighbouring kingdom. Since their kingdoms were on bad terms, he did not send word but raised the boy himself. Grethari and Geirlug were happy, but the queen died.
A few years later, the king married a beautiful woman. The princess correctly recognised the new queen as an evil witch. The queen went to visit the prince and princess and when she left, their bed were empty. Then she sent guards to kill any animals around the palace. They found only two black foals, and since they were so harmless, let them go, saying they had seen nothing. The king returned, and the queen again sent him to kill any animals around the palace. He heard two blue birds sing so sweetly that he forgot her command. When he returned and confessed, she poisoned him. The queen then set out to find and destroy the children herself. But the princess had studied magic and turned herself into a whale and the prince into its fin. The queen transformed herself into a shark, and they fought until the queen was killed.
Geirlug proposed returning to his father's kingdom. She transported them magically, and told him to bind a band with golden letters about his forehead and to not drink before he had spoken to his father But on the way, it seemed to grow much longer, and it grew hot, and he became so thirsty that he drank from a stream and forgot Geirlug. His family welcomed him home. Geirlug realized what had happened and went to work for a forester, to sweep and tend cows. She became famous for her beauty When Grethari hunted in the woods, she hid from him, but one day Grethari caught her and offered to make her one of his mother's ladies-in-waiting. She told him to tie the calf for her, but the rope caught him and he could not get free until morning, at which he left her as a witch.
His father sent him to a neighboring country, to bring back a princess as a bride. On their return, a carriage was sent, but no horse; Grethari got an ox to pull it from a young woman who demanded three seats at the wedding, for her and her friends. It was Geirlug, and she brought the forester's daughters and a closed basket. During the feast, she opened it, and a cock and hen flew out. The cock pecked at the hen, pulling out her tail feathers, and the hen asked, "Will you treat me as badly as Grethari treated Geirlug?" He remembered Geirlug and married her instead of the other princess.
# Tomasz Holc

Tomasz Holc (born 4 June 1947) is a Polish sailor. He competed iat the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Samiran

Samiran was a Khazar settlement in the Caucasus from roughly the 7th through the 10th centuries CE.