OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pi electron donor-acceptor

The pEDA parameter (pi electron donor-acceptor) is a pi-electron substituent effect scale, described also as mesomeric or resonance effect. There is also a complementary scale - sEDA. The more positive is the value of pEDA the more pi-electron donating is a substituent. The more negative pEDA, the more pi-electron withdrawing is the substituent (see the table below).
The pEDA parameter for a given substituent is calculated by means of quantum chemistry methods. The model molecule is the monosubstituted benzene. First the geometry should be optimized at a suitable model of theory, then the natural population analysis within the framework of Natural Bond Orbital theory is performed. The molecule have to be oriented in such a way that the aromatic benzene ring is perpendicular to the z-axis. Then, the 2p$_z$ orbital occupations of ring carbon atoms are summed up to give the total pi- occupation. From this value the sum of pi-occupation for unsubstituted benzene (value close to 6 in accord to Huckel rule) is subtracted resulting in original pEDA parameter. For pi-electron donating substituents like -NH$_2$, OH or -F the pEDA parameter is positive, and for pi-electron withdrawing substituents like -NO$_2$, -BH$_2$ or -CN the pEDA is negative.
The pEDA scale was invented by Wojciech P. Oziminski and Jan Cz. Dobrowolski and the details are available in the original paper.
The pEDA scale linearly correlates with experimental substituent constants like Taft-Topsom σR parameter.
For easy calculation of pEDA the free of charge for academic purposes written in Tcl program with graphical user interface AromaTcl is available.
Sums of pi-electron occupations and pEDA parameter for substituents of various character are gathered in the following table:
| R | π-total | pEDA |
| -CH$_2$$^−$ | 6.562 | 0.571 |
| -NH$^−$ | 6.481 | 0.491 |
| -O$^−$ | 6.387 | 0.397 |
| -NH$_2$ | 6.136 | 0.145 |
| -OH | 6.112 | 0.121 |
| -F | 6.069 | 0.078 |
| -Cl | 6.053 | 0.062 |
| -Br | 6.047 | 0.057 |
| -CH$_3$ | 6.005 | 0.014 |
| -H | 5.991 | 0.000 |
| -NH$_3$$^+$ | 5.984 | -0.007 |
| -SiH$_3$ | 5.974 | -0.017 |
| -Li | 5.971 | -0.020 |
| -CF$_3$ | 5.967 | -0.024 |
| -CN | 5.955 | -0.035 |
| -CONH$_2$ | 5.947 | -0.044 |
| -BeH | 5.938 | -0.052 |
| -COOH | 5.923 | -0.068 |
| -NO$_2$ | 5.922 | -0.069 |
| -BF$_2$ | 5.914 | -0.077 |
| -CFO | 5.910 | -0.081 |
| -CHO | 5.903 | -0.087 |
| -COCN | 5.874 | -0.117 |
| -NO | 5.861 | -0.129 |
| -BH$_2$ | 5.849 | -0.142 |
| -N$_2$$^+$ | 5.764 | -0.227 |
| -CH$_2$$^+$ | 5.380 | -0.611 |
# Rajesh Bhagwan

Rajesh Anand Bhagwan, also known as Rajesh Bhagwan, is a Mauritian politician.

## Occupation

Rajesh Bhagwan worked as a meter-reader for the Central Electricity Board (Mauritius) before joining politics.

## Political career

Rajesh Bhagwan was elected as Member of Parliament in Constituency No.20 Beau Bassin Petite Rivière for the first time in 1983. Since then has been re-elected at every General Election that has been held in that Constituency of Mauritius. He also holds the office of Secrétaire Général of the MMM.
As a result of the 2024 General Elections Bhagwan was sworn in as Minister of the Environment as part of the new Alliance du Changement government led by Navin Ramgoolam and Paul Bérenger.

## Controversies
### Drinking Lysol and 2019 electoral campaign

During the campaign leading to the 2019 general elections in Constituency No.7 Piton Rivière-du-Rempart, senior figures of the MMM, including Rajesh Bhagwan, announced that they would not form an alliance with any other party. This news disappointed a loyal MMM-supporter to the point that he yelled back "This is political suicide. Go buy Lysol and distribute it to all regional branches of the MMM!", in reference to an infamous claim made earlier by Rajesh Bhagwan that he would rather drink disinfectant Lysol rather than work with disgraced politician Navin Ramgoolam again.

### Personal attacks against Roshi Bhadain and his family

In August 2024 and in preparation for the 2024 Mauritian general election Rajesh Bhagwan belittled his younger adversary Roshi Bhadain by calling him names, stating that he's already killed Bhadain and that Bhadain is already dead. These public attacks prompted Bhadain to denounce Bhagwan, and to demand more respect, given the decades that Bhagwan has been elected in Constituency No. 20 and the large amount of taxpayers' money that Bhagwan has earned as a result.
On 9 October 2024 Rajesh Bhagwan again attacked Roshi Bhadain at a public meeting held by L’alliance du changement (Ptr-MMM-ND-ReA), mocking Bhadain whom he claims will not be elected even if the Reform Party promises 2000 reforms, and that Bhadain will not be elected even if Bhagwan himself dies. Bhagwan went further by also mocking Bhadain's wife and daughter who have been calling voters in Constituency No. 20 as part of the campaign leading to the November 2024 General Elections. Bhadain's daughter responded via social media that she will continue to campaign for the Reform Party despite "uncle" Rajesh Bhagwan's attempts to intimidate her by publicly calling her an idiot.
# Ydby railway station

Ydby station is a railway station serving the village of Ydby in Thy, Denmark.
The station is located on the Thy Line from Struer to Thisted. The station was opened in 1882 with the opening of the Thy Line. It offers direct regional train services to Struer and Thisted. The train services are operated by GoCollective.
# 2014 S/S

2014 S/S is the debut album of South Korean group Winner. It was released on August 12, 2014, by the group's record label, YG Entertainment. The members were credited for writing the lyrics and composing the majority of the album's songs.

## Composition

The members produced the majority of the music for this album themselves, with the help of other producers such as Choice 37, B.I., Airplay, and others. The album was highlighted for incorporating elements generally absent from K-pop releases, including hints of acoustic and alternative rock.

## Reception

The title track "Empty" became a hit in South Korea, topping the Gaon Chart and Billboard's K-Pop Hot 100 chart, and topping 7 other South Korean charts. The album also found some success in China and Japan. Internationally, 2014 S/S took the top spot in Billboard's World Album Chart.
Empty music programs wins :
| Program | Date |
| M Countdown (Mnet) | August 21, 2014 |
| M Countdown (Mnet) | August 28, 2014 |
| M Countdown (Mnet) | September 18, 2014 |
| KBS's Music Bank | August 22, 2014 |
| SBS's Inkigayo | August 24, 2014 |
| SBS's Inkigayo | August 31, 2014 |

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| South Korea Gaon Weekly Album Chart | 1 |
| United States Billboard World Album Chart" | 1 |
| United States Billboard Heatseekers Albums | 6 |
| South Korea Gaon Monthly Physical Album Chart | 2 |
| South Korea Gaon Yearly Physical Album Chart | 25 |

### Sales

| Chart | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | Total |
| Gaon Chart physical sales | 80,262 | 9,578 | 3,057 | 92,897 |

## Release history

Release history for 2014 S/S :
| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| South Korea | August 12, 2014 | CD | YGKT |
| Various | August 12, 2014 | Digital downloadstreaming | YG |
# Abdelali Ouadah

Abdelali Ouadah (born 15 April 1988) is a French professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Championnat National 3 club Oissel.

## Career

Ouadah began his senior career with Roye, and had a stint with the reserves of Amiens. His early career was mostly in the semi-pro leagues of France with Avion, Ailly, Oissel and Rodez. He moved to Algeria with USM El Harrach and O Médéa from 2017 to 2017. He made his professional debut with USM El Harrach in a 2–1 Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 win over MC Alger on 27 August 2016. In the summer of 2017, he returned to France with Rouen.

## Personal life

Born in France, Ouadah is Algerian by descent. His brother, Mohamed Ouadah, is also a professional footballer.
# Born to Trap

Born to Trap is the fifth studio album of Russian-Spanish hip hop singer Kizaru, consisting of 18 tracks. The album was released on 13 November 2020. Two singles from the album were released prior to the album ("Honey's Kettle" on 22 June 2020, "Narcos" on 31 July 2020). The album features three songs that have American hip-hop singers: HoodRich Pablo Juan, Smokepurpp and Tory Lanez.
# Sea bass

Sea bass is a common name for a variety of species of marine fish. Many fish species of various families have been called sea bass.
In Ireland and the United Kingdom, the fish sold and consumed as sea bass is exclusively the European bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Sometimes referred to as sea bass include the following:

## Family Serranidae

Family Serranidae
* Genus Paralabrax
** Barred sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer) lives mainly off the coast of California.
* Genus Centropristis
** Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) is found on the East Coast of the United States.
* Genus Caesioperca
** Butterfly perch (Caesioperca Lepidoptera) is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the southwest Pacific Ocean, including southern Australia and New Zealand.
* Genus Caprodon
** Pink maomao (Caprodon longimanus) is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and the southern Pacific Ocean, including Australia and New Zealand.
* Genus Epinephelus
** Potato cod (Epinephelus tukula), also known as the potato bass or potato grouper, is a large reef fish found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
** Dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)
** Dogtooth grouper (Epinephelus caninus)
* Genus Hypoplectrodes
** Redbanded perch (Hypoplectrodes huntii) is found in southeastern Australia and the North Island and northern South Island of New Zealand.
* Genus Trachypoma
** Toadstool groper (Trachypoma macracanthus) is found in the southwest Pacific Ocean.
* Genus Serranus
** Serranus cabrilla (Comber) (Linnaeus, 1758)
** Serranus scriba (Painted comber) (Linnaeus, 1758)

## Other

* Family Latidae (also called Asian sea bass, whose range is the Indo-Pacific, from Australia to India)
** Genus Hypopterus (spikey seabass)
*** Hypopterus macropterus
** Genus Lates (Lates sea bass)
*** Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) (barramundi, Lates sea bass)
*** Lates japonicus Katayama & Y. Taki, 1984 (Japanese lates sea bass)
** Genus Psammoperca (Waigeo sea bass)
*** Psammoperca waigiensis
* Family Nototheniidae
** Genus Dissostichus (Chilean sea bass, a marketing term for the Patagonian toothfish)
*** Dissostichus eleginoides
*** Dissostichus mawsoni
* Family Moronidae
** Genus Dicentrarchus (European sea bass)
*** Dicentrarchus labrax - European sea bass or sea dace
*** Dicentrarchus punctatus - spotted sea bass
* Family Polyprionidae
** Genus Stereolepis giant sea bass, native to the northern Pacific Ocean)
*** Stereolepis gigas (giant sea bass)
*** Stereolepis doederleini
* Family Lateolabracidae
** Genus Lateolabrax (Japanese sea bass, a fish commonly used in Japanese, Korean, and Chinese cuisines, is also commonly called suzuki.)
*** Lateolabrax japonicus (G. Cuvier, 1828) (Japanese sea bass)
*** Lateolabrax latus Katayama, 1957 (blackfin sea bass)
* Family Sciaenidae
** Genus Atractoscion (white sea bass)
*** White seabass (Atractoscion nobilis, family Sciaenidae), along the Pacific coast of the United States
** Genus Pseudotolithus
*** Pseudotolithus senegalensis (cassava croaker)
*** Pseudotolithus typus (longneck croaker)
# William Brinton 1704 House

The William Brinton 1704 House is an historic house museum which is located at 21 Oakland Road in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, roughly five miles south of West Chester, Pennsylvania. Built in 1704, it is a well-preserved example of an early Delaware Valley stone house that served as a residence of one family for more than 150 years.
It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1967, and is open for tours on weekends between May and October, or by appointment. Brinton Run Preserve is across the street.

## History

The William Brinton 1704 House was built in 1704 by William Brinton, Jr. (also known as "William the Younger" or "William the Builder"). It was sold out of the family in 1860. In 1881, a serpentine stone wing was added to the home. In 1947, the house was purchased by Brinton descendants. During the 1950s, architect G. Edwin Brumbaugh restored the building to its original form by removing the 1881 wing and other Gothic embellishments.
The William Brinton 1704 House was one of the fourteen houses which stood in the battlefield area of the Battle of Brandywine that was fought on September 11, 1777, during the American Revolutionary War. In 1878, Thomas Eakins painted the Brinton House as it would have originally appeared.

## Description

The Brinton House stands south of West Chester, on the east side of Oakland Road south of its junction with Brinton's Bridge Road. Its main block is a rectangular stone structure, built out of locally quarried stone laid in courses of irregular height. The walls are 22 inches (56 cm) thick and two stories in height. The end walls each have a brick chimney on the outside. There is a steep roof and pent eaves are in place over the first-floor windows on the north and south sides of the house. The home also boasts twenty-seven reproduction windows of leaded sash with diamond lights. Most of the original flooring is still in use.
The Dilworthtown Historic District is located about half a mile north of the house in Birmingham Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.
# DVTk

DVTk is an open-source project for testing, validating and diagnosing communication protocols and scenarios in medical environments. It supports DICOM, HL7 and IHE integration profiles.

## History

The history of DVTk goes back to 1997. Within the ARC group (Architecture Re-use and Communications) of Philips, the first version of the Validation Test Suite (VTS) was developed. This was a DICOM Validation tool with a command line interface. Based on this, later on, the ADVT (Agfa DICOM Validation Tool) was created. This was the first tool with a graphical user interface that made DICOM validation more pleasant.
Because Philips and Agfa wanted to join forces, in 2001 their cooperation became a fact and the first version of DVT (1.2) was born in 2002.
After major redesign and improvements, DVT 2.1 was released in June 2005. This version was the transition of the application from the Philips-AGFA cooperation project to the open-source community.
In 2006, ICT Automatisering joined the DVTk open-source project as the third participating company next to Philips and Agfa.
In 2007, DVTk started participating in the IHE Gazelle project by supplying an External Validation Service (DICOM Validation Web Service).
In 2008, Services for the DVTk open-source project was introduced.

## DVTk based DICOM application

* DICOM Anonymizer
* DICOM Compare
* DICOM Editor
* DICOM Network Analyzer
* DICOM Viewer and Validator
* DVT
* Modality Emulator
* Query Retrieve SCP Emulator
* RIS Emulator
* Storage SCP Emulator
* Storage SCU Emulator
# Anguilla Formation

The Anguilla Formation is a geologic formation in Anguilla. It preserves fossils dating back to the Burdigalian to Serravallian period (i.e. 20–12 million years ago).
# Myth (album)

Myth is the twelfth and final studio album created by the music production company Two Steps from Hell, released on May 3, 2022.
It comprises 21 tracks including one bonus track, all written by composers Thomas J. Bergersen and Nick Phoenix, and features vocal performances by Merethe Soltvedt, Felicia Farerre, Ajša Kadrić, Sam Brashear and Úyanga Bold. It also features cellist Tina Guo.

## Charts

Chart performance for Myth :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 98 |
| UK Album Downloads (OCC) | 25 |
| UK Independent Album Breakers (OCC) | 17 |
| US Classical Albums (Billboard) | 17 |
| US Classical Crossover Albums (Billboard) | 1 |
# Aruna Vasudev

Aruna Vasudev (1 November 1936 – 5 September 2024) was an Indian critic, author, editor, painter, and maker of documentaries who was considered an eminent scholar on Asian cinema, and was described as the "mother of Asian Cinema".

## Early life and education

A younger sister of Uma Vasudeva, she was born in 1936. After marrying Sunil Kumar Roy, an Indian diplomat, she chose to retain her maiden name.
His Excellency Sunil Roy died in New York from cancer in 1993, having previously served as Indian Ambassador to Poland, then Mexico, and High Commissioner to Nigeria.
In the early 1960s, she attended film classes in New York where her father was working and created a number of short documentaries after her return to India. She received a doctorate from the University of Paris on cinema and censorship. Her PhD thesis was published as a book titled Liberty and Licence in the Indian Cinema in 1979.

## Career

Vasudev recently served as director of Osian's-Connoisseurs of Art Private Limited. She was also one of the Trustees of the Public Service Broadcasting Trust in India.
She started as a greenhorn helping in the makeup rooms of Doordarsan in 1960.
She launched Cinemaya in 1988 as a publication that showcases filmmakers from Asia. In 1991, she founded the internationally renowned NETPAC as an organisation to forward the cause of Asian films.
From 1990, she was the President or Jury Member of international film festivals including Karlovy Vary, Locarno, Cannes (Camera d'Or), Las Palmas, Pusan, Singapore, Fajr (Tehran), and Antalya.

## Death

On 5 September 2024, it was announced that Vasudev had died at the age of 87.

## Honours and awards
### Honours

Appointed Cavaliere della Stella della Solidarietà Italiana in 2004, in 2019 Vasudev was honoured by the French Government as Officier des Arts et des Lettres, the highest accolades from two major film-producing countries, Italy and France.

### Awards

In 1997, Vasudev won the Korean Cinema Award at the Pusan International Film Festival.
In 2006, Vasudev received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Cinemanila International Film Festival.
In 2015, Vasudev was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2nd edition of the International Film Festival of Colombo for her contributions towards putting Asian cinema on the international map. At the Hawaii International Film Festival the same year, Vasudev won a Vision in Film Award.
The Tripoli Film Festival has named its prize for Best Writing on Cinema as the “Aruna Vasudev Award”.
# Raimund von zur-Mühlen

Baron Raimund von zur-Mühlen (sometimes "Raymond", "Raimund von Zur Mühlen") (10 November 1854 in Uusna Manor (Neu-Tennasilm), Viljandi Parish (now in Viiratsi Parish), Viljandi County, Governorate of Livonia – 11 December 1931 in Wiston, near Steyning, England) was a celebrated tenor Lieder singer who also became a famous teacher of singing, instructing many famous artists. His Lieder-interpretations are legendary.

## Life and career

He was a student of Auguste Hohenschildt, Felix Schmidt, Adolf Schulze, Julius Stockhausen and Clara Schumann. He made his debut in 1878, together with Hans Schmidt, in Riga. He then continued working on his capabilities as a singer, above all with Manuel Garcia, Beniamino Carelli and Pauline Viardot.
He is recognised as the founder of the Lieder-abend or evening recital of the German concert Lieder as a distinct performance entity. His interpretation of Lieder and his specialist study of Lieder interpretation were of the utmost importance in the evolution of the Lieder genre itself. He gave Schumann Lieder-recitals with Clara Schumann. She set him on the path to London, where he gave his first concert in 1883. At one of his concerts, Johannes Brahms shouted out, "Endlich, endlich habe ich meinen Sänger gefunden!" ("At last, at last, I have found my singer!")
Thereafter, he spent much time in London. In 1907, he emigrated to England, with homes in London and Steyning. His last stay in Germany must have been in 1913–1914 in Berlin, where he gave a course of masterclasses. He lived in England for the remainder of his life. Here he met for the last time Monika Hunnius, author and singing teacher, who had regularly studied with him from 1904 to 1911 at the Schloss Fellin or at Neuhausen, and developed a deep friendship with him.
In his younger days, he usually appeared with his habitual accompanist, Hans Schmidt. Among his later accompanists were Victor Beigel and Coenraad V. Bos. Bos mentions him in his book: the singer gave his young accompanist no encouragement but criticized him severely. After their fifth concert together, he was told, "You must have played well today, for I did not notice you." He was the teacher of Lula Mysz-Gmeiner (who taught Elisabeth Schwarzkopf), of Mark Raphael, Hans Lissman, Eva Jekelius-Lissman, Rose Walter, Eidé Norena, Georg A. Walter, Fanny Opfer, Naima Wifstrand, and Hermann Weißenborn, among many others.
He was considered an ideal Lieder singer. He is also described as an eccentric. He was born into an aristocratic family. His valuable collection of documents and musical and artistic papers was destroyed in 1930 in a great fire at his house near Steyning.

## Sources

* Dorothea von zur-Mühlen, Der Sänger Raimund von zur-Mühlen (Hannover, Harro von Hirschheydt [de] 1969).
* Monika Hunnius, Mein Weg zur Kunst.
* W. and R. Elwes, Gervase Elwes, The Story of His Life (Grayson and Grayson, London 1935).
* Gerald Moore, Am I Too Loud (Harmondsworth 1966).
* H. Arnold Smith, 'Baron Raimund von zur-Mühlen: The Passing of a Great Artist', Musical Times Vol 73 no 107 (1 April 1932), 316–320.
* Obituary, in Music and Letters 1932, pp. 215–217.
# UFO sightings in Russia

The following are some alleged sightings of unidentified flying objects in Russia:
* The Tunguska event of 1908, is considered to have been the explosion of a meteor, though some regard it as an explosion of a UFO.
* The Petrozavodsk phenomenon on September 20, 1977.
* In Usove in Soviet Ukraine, on October 4, 1982, a group of nuclear missiles became activated as a UFO hovered above the missile launch facility.
* The Voronezh UFO incident of 1989.
* The Sasovo explosions were two mysterious explosions which occurred on April 12, 1990, and July 8, 1992, equivalent to 25 tons TNT.
* Early in 2012, a crashed titanium object, described as a "UFO fragment", was retrieved from a forest in the vicinity of Otradnenskoye, a rural locality in Novosibirsk Oblast, after strange sounds were heard there in December 2011. The smooth, silvery and U-shaped device, attached to a rounded section, and was not deemed to be related to space technology.
# Rigny

Rigny (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Vangjush Dako

Vangjush Dako is an Albanian politician. He has served as the mayor of the city of Durrës. He was elected to the post following the February 2007 local elections. He is a member of the Socialist Party of Albania.

## Biography

Vangjush Dako was born in Durrës, on 29 November 1966. He attended Tirana University's School of Engineering, where he graduated in 1991.
On 30 July, 2019, he was sanctioned by the United States Department of State for "involvement in significant corruption".
In June 2023, Vangjush Dako (and 8 other officials of the Municipality of Durres) were arrested by order of the SPAK for abuse of power in two cases. The first case concerns the construction of a building in Durrës, which collapsed due to the earthquake in November 2019, and to which extra floors were added without permission, legalised by Mayor Dako through non-transparent procedures. The second concerns a tenfold increase in the cost of work on the project to build a promenade in the Currilove area of the municipality, causing a loss of ALL 18 million to the state budget. SPAK started legal proceedings in November 2024. He is currently under trial.