OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Agriculture and Rural Development Day

Between 2009 and 2012, Agriculture and Rural Development Day (ARDD) was an annual event co-organized by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR), the International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

## History

The first three ARRDs were side events of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP15) held in 2009, 2010, and 2011 in Copenhagen, Denmark, Cancún, Mexico, and Durban, South Africa, respectively. Over 500 people attended in 2011, where British population biologist John Beddington "presented key actions for avoiding a future in which weather extremes produce a succession of food crises".
The fourth event took place at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD)—also called Rio 2012, Rio+20, or the Earth Summit 2012—in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was co-hosted by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and the CGIAR.
The fifth and final ARDD, called Agriculture, Landscapes, and Livelihoods Day 5(ALL-5), took place alongside Forest Day on the sidelines of the 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP18) in Doha, Qatar.
In 2013, this event merged with Forest Day to become the Global Landscapes Forum (GLF).
# W. Douglas Smith

William Douglas "Doug" Smith is a Republican and former member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, representing the 32nd District since 1992, and serving as the Speaker Pro Tempore from 2000 until retirement in 2008.
# Blink Home

Blink is an American home automation company which produces home security cameras. The company was founded in 2009 by Peter Besen, Don Shulsinger, Dan Grunberg, Stephen Gordon, and Doug Chin. The company was initially started as Immedia Semiconductor Inc in 2009, but pivoted into a consumer electronics company. In July 2014, the company had a Kickstarter campaign for their indoor security camera, which raised over US$1 million. Subsequently, Blink later announced an outdoor security camera, home security system, and video doorbell.
Amazon announced in December 2017 that they had acquired the company. Immedia Semiconductor, LLC continues to operate as an independent subsidiary. It is anticipated that Blink's technology will be used for the Amazon Key service.
In December 2019, Amazon rolled out patches in response to research citing vulnerabilities in the Blink XT2 security camera systems found by vulnerability detection firm Tenable.
Most Blink products are made in China, while others are made in Malaysia by IoT Manufacturing Sdn Bhd.

## Products
### Blink Video Doorbell

The blink video doorbell is a wirelessly connected smart device that allows video and audio to be viewed via another device. It works similarly to the Ring doorbell, including in its ability to connect to Amazon Alexa and an offering of a "plus" subscription, which allows greater cloud storage capacity and syncing of multiple devices.

### Blink Dog Camera

The Blink Dog Camera is a smart device designed to provide pet owners with a method of monitoring their pets when the owners are not at home. The camera contains high-definition 1080p video and night vision capabilities.
# L. Mendel Rivers Jr.

Lucius Mendel Rivers Jr. (born October 6, 1947) is an American attorney and former politician in the state of South Carolina. He served in the South Carolina House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party from 1972 to 1974, representing Charleston County, South Carolina. The son of longtime South Carolina Congressman L. Mendel Rivers, born while his father was serving in Washington, D.C.; he is now a lawyer in Charleston. He attended Georgetown University.
# Qiu Le

Qiu Le (born 26 February 1983) is a Chinese weightlifter.
Qiu participated in the men's -62 kg class at the 2006 World Weightlifting Championships and won the gold medal, snatching 140 kg and jerking an additional 168 kg for a total of 308 kg.
Qiu competed in the men's -62 kg class at the 2005 World Weightlifting Championships and won the gold medal, snatching 144 kg and jerking 178 kg for a total of 322 kg.
# St. Francis Xavier Cathedral (Alexandria, Louisiana)

St. Francis Xavier Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alexandria, located in Alexandria, Louisiana.
The cathedral and related buildings was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 29 March 1984 as St. Francis Xavier Cathedral Complex. The complex includes the cathedral building, St. Francis Academy (erected in 1897), and the rectory (erected in 1896 and renovated in 1930).

## History

The old parish church of Saint Francis was constructed in 1817. It was the only building in Alexandria spared during the American Civil War. As the Union army pulled out of the town during the disastrous Red River Campaign, Father J. P. Bellier disguised his voice to impersonate that of General Nathaniel Banks, the Union commanding officer, and ordered the troops to spare the church. His plan succeeded and the building was saved.
The old building burned down in 1895. Efforts to rebuild a church started immediately. The foundation stone was laid down on 3 December 1895. Designed in Gothic revival style by Nicholas J. Clayton, the new church was dedicated on 30 November 1899, the first brick church in the city. In 1907, a belfry was added, and the clock was installed in 1908.
Because of the newly constructed church and Alexandria's central location, Bishop Cornelius Van de Ven petitioned the Roman Curia to transfer the seat of the diocese from Natchitoches to Alexandria. Pope Pius X granted this wish, changing the title to Diocese of Alexandria on 6 August 1910 and designating St. Francis Xavier Church as the cathedral of the newly created diocese.
The current bishop of Alexandria is the Most Reverend Robert W. Marshall Jr., and the rector of the cathedral is Father James A. Ferguson.

## Interior

The cathedral's rose windows are the largest in the state. The cathedral boasts a 3-manual, 48-rank Reuterpipe organ inaugurated in 2004.
* Nave looking toward the chancel
* Nave looking toward gallery
* Cathedra
* Rectory
* St. Francis Xavier Academy
# James L. Taft Jr.

James L. Taft Jr. (October 21, 1930 – September 5, 2011) was an American politician who served in the Rhode Island Senate from 1963 to 1971 and as the Mayor of Cranston from 1971 to 1979.
He died on September 5, 2011, in Wakefield, Rhode Island at age 80.
# Claoxylon angustifolium

Claoxylon angustifolium, commonly known as narrow leaf claoxylon, is a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae found only in Queensland, Australia. It is a shrub which will usually grow to a height of about 4 m (13 ft), with long narrow leaves up to 22 cm (8.7 in) by 2 cm (0.79 in). The flowers are small, about 2 mm (0.08 in) diameter, and the fruit are capsules, green when ripe, and about 6 mm (0.24 in) long by 8 mm (0.31 in) wide. It was described in 1865 by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis. Its natural range is from the Mount Windsor National Park west of Mossman Gorge, south to Eungella National Park west of Mackay

## Conservation

As of December 2024, this species has been assessed to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and by the Queensland Government under its Nature Conservation Act.
* Habit
* Fruit
* Flower
# Euphorbia azorica

Euphorbia azorica is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, endemic to the Azores, Portugal.
It is found in coastal rocks and sands and wastelands of the coast. It is present in all of the nine Azorean islands.
# Cornelius Kok II

Corneli(u)s Kok II (c. 1778 in Kamiesberg – 1858 in Campbell) was a leader ("captain") of the Griqua people in southern Africa.

## Biography

Kok was the son of captain Cornelius Kok I. He settled with his father in Griquatown and later in Campbell. After his father's death in 1820, Kok served as captain of Campbell until his older brother Adam Kok II returned from Griquatown. However, when Adam Kok II resigned as captain to join the Bergenaars, Cornelius Kok II resumed the title of captain again.
In 1823, Cornelius Kok II, Adam Kok II, Andries Waterboer and Barend Barends won the Battle of Dithakong, as a result of which the Griqua were spared the terror of the Mfecane. The following year Cornelius Kok came into conflict with his brother and the Bergenaars, whom he defeated together with Waterboer near Fauresmith. However Kok's followers sided with the Bergenaars. To retain his leadership, he broke his ties with Waterboer, which then led to a new territorial conflict. Adam Kok II acted as a go-between, and a border was fixed between Waterboer's Griquatown and Cornelius Kok's Campbell.
After the death of Adam Kok II, a succession battle arose between his sons: Abraham Kok, supported by Cornelius Kok II, and his nephew, Adam Kok III, who was supported by Waterboer. The petty civil war was won by Adam Kok III and Cornelius Kok II was deposed as captain, but in practice little changed. Andries Waterboer died in 1852, but his son Nicolaas Waterboer continued the territorial conflicts with Kok.
In 1857, with the support of his followers, the old and sick Kok handed his territory over to Adam Kok III. He died early in 1858 in Campbell.
# Castilleja angustifolia

Castilleja angustifolia is a species of wildflower known by the common names northwestern Indian paintbrush and desert Indian paintbrush. It is an herbaceous perennial native to the desert, scrublands, and woodlands of western North America. It grows in hot sandy soils and rock crevices in dry conditions.

## Description

This Indian paintbrush is under half a meter in height and has bristly gray-green to purple-red herbage. It stands in a clump of erect stems, each topped with an inflorescence of somewhat tubular yellow green flowers. The flowers are encased in bright red to orange-red bracts, sometimes tinted with purple, and usually fuzzy with a thin coat of white hairs. The upper leaves and bracts are divided into 3–5 segments, while the lower leaves are undivided, long, and narrow.
The plant flowers from May to September. In areas such as Idaho, Montana and Wyoming, it is often associated with sagebrush. The brightly colored bracts are used to attach pollinators like hummingbirds and butterflies that would otherwise ignore the plant's small yellow green flowers. The centimeter-long capsule fruits contain honeycomb-patterned seeds.
The species is similar to Castilleja linariaefolia.
# Anthony Melio

Anthony Joseph Melio (May 13, 1932 – July 19, 2012) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 141st District.

## Early life and education

Melio was born in Trenton, New Jersey, and attended Trenton Central High School. He served in the United States Navy Reserves from 1949 to 1959.

## Legislative career

Melio was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1986. He retired at the end of the legislative session on November 30, 2010.

## Illness and death

Melio died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the age of eighty on July 19, 2012, from complications related to an appendectomy.
# Hortarius

Hortarius (German: Hortar) was an Alemannic king in the 4th century.
Hortarius is mentioned by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus. After defeating the Roman army master Barbatio in 357, the Alemannic kings Hortarius, Suomarius, Urius, Ursicinus and Vestralpus united under the leadership of Chnodomarius and Agenaric and moved against the Roman commander Severus at the Battle of Strasbourg. After losing the battle, Hortarius was able to escape execution by proving materials to the Romans. In 358, emperor Julian made a peace treaty with Hortarius and he remained at peace with the Romans who were allowed to cross his lands.
Another Alemannic nobleman called Hortarius served together with Bitheridus, a chieftain of the Bucinobantes, as a troop leader in the Roman army under Valentinian I. He was soon accused however, by the dux Florentius, of conspiring with Macrian and other Allemanic leaders and was subsequently tortured and burnt alive.

## Sources

* Dieter Geuenich: Geschichte der Alemannen (= Kohlhammer-Urban-Taschenbücher. 575). 2., überarbeitete Auflage. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-17-018227-7.
* Dieter Geuenich: Hortar. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2. Auflage. Band 15, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-016649-6, S. 131.
# Than Singh Jatav

Than Singh Jatav (1 October 1933 – 2022) was an Indian politician and civil servant.

## Background

Than Singh Jatav born in 1933 to Phaguni Singh into Scheduled Caste family at Hathras, Aligarh district, British India. He completed his graduation from Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University at Uttar Pradesh.
In 1961 he got selected into Rajasthan Administrative Service. After serving as a non-gazetted official and AG, Rajasthan was promoted as BDO, SDM, Additional Collector, and Distt. Magistrate; Addl. Commissioner of Transport, Departmental Enquiries and Secretary of Rajasthan Housing Board, Settlement Officer and Secretary of Sports Council, etc. and took voluntary retirement in 1989.
Jatav died in 2022.

## Political career

In 1989 he became Member of Parliament in Lok Sabha from the Bayana constituency.
Jatav also served in Parliamentary Committees -
* Member of Zonal Railway User's Consultative Committee on Western Railways
* Committee on the Hindi Language in Ministry of Defence
* Committee on Emigration in Ministry of Labour
* Committee on Science and Technology
* Consultative Committee in Ministry of Water Resources.
He was also the Honourable General Secretary of Dr. Ambedkar Memorial Welfare Society, President of the Dalit Sahitya Academy, All India Federation of SC/ST, Backwards and Minorities Employees Welfare Association, and associated with Ambedkar Vichar Manch of Rajasthan.
# Scott Dietterick

G. Scott Dietterick III (February 10, 1941 – February 22, 2015) was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives who served in the legislature from 1987 to 1991.
He was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
He was a graduate of Kingston High School (Pennsylvania); attended Wilkes College for a time and then joined the U.S. Navy, serving as an electronics technician on the USS McKean. Upon honorable discharge from the service, he returned home to work in the family business as a licensed independent agent/adjuster. In 1975, he founded Wyoming Valley Insurance, an insurance business.
After nine years on the Kingston City Council, he ran for the Pennsylvania State Legislature and served for two consecutive terms in the 120th district from 1987 to 1991.
He was convicted of charges related to insurance fraud in October 1990, a month before the election. Dietterick sued unsuccessfully to remove his name from the state ballot and lost in a landslide to Democrat Phyllis Mundy.
Dietterick was spared a jail sentence. His supporters packed the courtroom on the day of his sentencing and he received overwhelming support from his community, according to news accounts at the time.
In 1995, he worked for FEMA, as a community relations specialist, traveling the United States and Puerto Rico, helping victims cope with their losses from Hurricane Georges. In 2000, he accepted a position with P.E.M.A., as an emergency management specialist planning hazardous materials exercises. He retired in 2008. Dietterick died of cancer in 2015 at the age of 74.
# William McLane (Pennsylvania politician)

William J. McLane (March 5, 1947 – February 22, 2010) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
# Cocoharpinia

Cocoharpinia is a monotypic genus of crustacean in the family Phoxocephalidae. The only species is Cocoharpinia iliffei. It is endemic to Bermuda.
# Pulwama

Pulwama (known as Panwangam in antiquity, and later as Pulgam) is a city and notified area council in the Pulwama district of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the summer capital of the state, Srinagar.

## Geography

With its coordinates 33.8830554°N, 74.9208705° E it is situated at an altitude of 1,500 to 2,000 meters above mean sea level.

### Climate

Average rainfall in the city is 505.3mm annually, with the highest recorded rainfall 772.30 mm in 1998. Temperatures reach as high as 37 °C (99 °F) and as low as −12 °C (10 °F).

## Economy

With 70 percent of its population in Agriculture sector, Pulwama has a growing industrial sector. It has some prominent industries in, cement production, wood products, and food processing.

## Educational institutions

* Govt Degree College, Pulwama
* Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora
* Govt Degree College (Women), Pulwama
* Govt. GNM Nursing College Pulwama

## Greater Pulwama master plan

On 12 February 2021, the government of Jammu and Kashmir approved the constitution of a board for scrutinising and evaluating objections, representations and suggestions by stakeholders concerning a draft master plan for Greater Pulwama 2020–2040.

## Smart Town

Numerous Projects for Smart Town are underway. list of Projects 1. Smart Clock Tower 2. Led Displays 3. New Footpaths 4. Parking Lots 5. Parks (Children Parks) 6. Segregated House Waste 7. Central Verges 8. High Mast Lights. 9. New Tricolour LED's

## Demographics

Religion in Pulwama City (2011)
Per the 2011 Census of India, the city of Pulwama had a population of 18,440 people, with 10,070 males and 8,370 females. Children aged 6 and under numbered 3,167—making up approximately 17.17% of the total population. The female sex ratio of the city is 831, lower than the Jammu and Kashmir state average of 889. Additionally, the child female sex ratio is around 718; also lower than the state average of 862. The literacy rate of Pulwama is 91.18%, significantly higher than the state average of 67.16%. The city is situated in the Kashmir Valley, and the majority of its inhabitants are ethnic Kashmiris.

### Religion

The majority of Pulwama's inhabitants are Muslims, comprising 94.59% of the total population, while Hindus comprise the second-largest religious minority at 4.63% of the total population. Other religious minorities in the city include Sikhs (0.34%), Christians (0.17%), Buddhists (0.02%) and Jains (0.01%); 0.24% of the population abstained from declaring their beliefs.
# George Percy Badger

George Percy Badger (6 April 1815 – 21 February 1888) was an English Anglican missionary, and a scholar of oriental studies. He is mainly known for his doctrinal and historical studies about the Church of the East.

## Life

George Percy Badger was born at Chelmsford on 6 April 1815. His father served in the British Army and in 1821 his regiment was transferred in Malta. After his father's death in 1823, George's mother decided to raise her sons in Malta, thus George Badger passed there his youth where he learned the Maltese language and Arabic, which he studied also in Beirut from 1835. On 8 January 1840 Badger married Maria Wilcox in Valletta. He returned to England in 1841, and after some theological studies at the Church Missionary College, Islington, he was ordained Anglican priest in 1842. For his knowledge of the Near East he was appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury as delegate to the Christians of Church of the East in Mesopotamia and Kurdistan, and in this work he was engaged for three years.
On his return to England in 1845 he was appointed chaplain in Bombay. Thence he was transferred to Aden, where he chiefly resided during the remainder of his term of service. He served as staff chaplain and Arabic interpreter to the force in the Anglo-Persian War. Badger returned to England in 1861, and in the same year again joined Sir James Outram in the latter's visit to Egypt. In 1862 he left the service, and devoted himself henceforth mainly to literature. In 1872 he left England serving as secretary and interpreter of Sir Bartle Frere in a diplomatic travel in Zanzibar.
In recognition of his various services Badger was, in 1873, created D.C.L. by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Knight of the Crown by King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy in the same year.
Badger helped a Catholic priest from Diyarbakır, Louis Sabunji, to continue his journal, Al Nahla, in London in 1877. Badger died on 21 February 1888, at his residence in London and he was buried in the Kensal Green Cemetery.

## Works

Between the years 1839 and 1883 a large number of books were written by George Percy Badger, most of them dealing with Arabic history and literature, and with his travels. Among these may be mentioned Description of Malta and Gozo. (1838), Nestorians and their Rituals (1852), The Travels of Ludovico Varthema in India and the East, A.d. 1503-8 (1873) (both these for the Hakluyt Society), and an English-Arabic Lexicon (1881).
George Percy Badger translated also a text about Ibadism in 1871: History of the Imāms and Seyyids of Omān from A.D. 661-1856 by Salīl-Ibn- Razīk.
# Steve Wills

Steve "Blast" Wills is an American, St. Louis, Missouri, born record producer and music publisher, recognised for his production work for urban artists Nelly, Chingy and Murphy Lee. He owns the urban music publisher Blast Music Publishing. He is known as one of the originators of the "St. Louis Bounce" sound which was popularized in hip hop music and videos in the first decade of the 2000s.

## Biography

Wills first recognised for his production skills when, at the age of 14, he produced demos for two local acts that went on to win first and second place in a high school talent show. His contribution to their success was acknowledged when the winning two groups thanked Wills on stage in front of over 2,500 people. After that Wills became the "go-to guy for production and songs".
The name 'Blast' came from when a local group Wills regularly worked with publicly gave props to "Stevie Blast" for the "explosive" tracks he had just created for them.
Wills has said that his chief ambition was not to be a famous producer but a wealthy businessman, telling HitQuarters, "I always wanted to be ... the guy with the mansion and the yacht." At the start of his career the business he planned to make his fortune from was music publishing.
As "businessmen that pioneered eras of urban music with no blueprint and still found success and acceptance", Wills credits L.A. Reid, Russell Simmons and Berry Gordy as inspirational figures on his career.
In 2000, Wills produced the single "Batter Up" for Nelly's Billboard 200 topping debut album Country Grammar.
# Erbey Satterfield

Erbey Leland Satterfield (June 23, 1939 – January 8, 2015) was an American electrician, labor activist, and politician.
Born in Climax, Colorado, Satterfield enlisted in the United States Navy in 1957. He then went to Utah State University Eastern and Weber State University. Satterfield was an electrician, in Ogden, Utah, and active in the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. He also served on the Utah State Electrical Board. In December 1987, Satterfield was appointed to the Utah House of Representatives and served until 1988. He was a Democrat. Satterfield died in Ogden, Utah, a result of prostate cancer, he was seventy five, leaving four children, 12 grandchildren, and 12 great grandchildren.
# Puente Viejo

Puente Viejo (Spanish pronunciation:, "Old Bridge") is the second oldest and second lowest of the three bridges that span the 120-metre (390 ft) deep chasm that carries the Guadalevín River and divides the city of Ronda in southern Spain. Despite its name ('Old bridge'), it is newer than the Puente Romano ('Roman bridge'). It was built in 1616, and currently only carries pedestrian traffic.