OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nezavisimaya Gazeta

Nezavisimaya Gazeta (Russian: Независимая газета, IPA:, lit. 'Independent Newspaper') is a Russian daily newspaper.

## History and profile
### Soviet Union

Nezavisimaya Gazeta was established by the Moscow Soviet in August 1990. Its first editor was Vitaly Tretyakov, a former contributor Moskovskiye Novosti, who intended to create an independent and objective newspaper similar to Le Monde and The Independent. Its first issue was printed by the printing machine of Izvestia and published on 21 December 1990, selling 150.000 copies; additional 100.000 copies were published in French and sold as a supplement to the Courrier International.
The paper opposed the 1991 Soviet coup attempt and was briefly shut down by the State Committee on the State of Emergency. In response, journalists from Nezavisimaya Gazeta, alongside their colleagues from the main banned Russian newspapers, aided in published the illegal opposition samizdat Obshchaya Gazeta.

### Post-Soviet era
#### Independent line

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Nezavisimaya Gazeta became one of the most important daily newspapers in the early post-Soviet period, when it was seen as close to the opinion of the Moscow intelligentsia. In 1992, part of the staff left the paper due to disagreements with Tretyakov and established Segodnya.
The Moscow Soviet was dissolved following the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, and the paper was privatized and sold to its editorial board. It was temporarily closed for four months in 1995.

#### Berezovksy era

In 1995, Nezavisimaya Gazeta was bought by Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky and became part of its media empire alongside daily Novye Izvestia, magazine Ogoniok and TV channels ORT and TV-6. Tretyakov was dismissed by Berezovsky in 2001 and replaced by Tatyana Koshkareva.

#### Remchukov era

In 2005, following Berezovsky's political and economical disgrace, Nezavisimaya Gazeta was bought by Konstantin Remchukov, who became the new editor-in-chief, and his wife Yelena. The paper remained mildly critical of the Putin administration: for example, it criticized the Kremlin's tightening control over the Central Election Commission and the Russian Academy of Science and in 2014 it was openly critical towards the annexation of Crimea by the Russia Federation. Nevertheless, Nezavisimaya Gazeta is much more moderate towards the Russian government than radical opposition publications, such as Novaya Gazeta and Meduza.
Information ranging from a wide variety of sources, such as reporters, political scientists, historians, art historians, as well as critics is published in the newspaper. The newspaper also offers eight supplements and covers the issues of politics, society, culture and art.
# Maqam Echahid

The Maqam Echahid (Arabic: مقام الشهيد, Maqāmu š-šahīd, Arabic pronunciation:, English: Martyr's Memorial) is a concrete monument commemorating the Algerian War. The monument was opened on July 5th 1982, on the 20th anniversary of Algeria's independence. It is fashioned in the shape of three standing palm leaves, which shelter the "Eternal Flame" under it. At the edge of each palm leaf is a statue of a soldier representing a stage of Algeria's struggle for independence.

## Location

The Martyrs Memorial is located on the heights of Algiers, in the municipality of El Madania, west of the Bois des arcades, east of Diar el Mahçoul and north of the plaza shopping center Riadh El Feth. It overlooks the neighborhood of Hamma (common Belouizdad) and Botanical Garden Hamma (known as Jardin d'essai) in the north. The monument has been erected on the site of an ancient military fort.

## Description

Consisting of three stylized fins that join mid-height, the concrete monument built by the Canadian company Lavalin, based on a model produced in the Fine Art Institute of Algiers, under the leadership of Bashir Yelles, reaches a height of 92 metres (302 ft). Above the three supporting fins, at 14 metres (47 ft) from the ground, is an Islamic style turret with a diameter of 10 metres (33 ft) and a height of 7.6 metres (25 ft), topped by a dome of 6 metres (20 ft). It rests on an esplanade that burns an "eternal flame" and includes a crypt, an amphitheater and the National Museum of El Mujahid (underground).

## Construction

The project to build a memorial in memory of the dead from the War of Independence is the brainchild of President Houari Boumedienne. Its implementation was, however, completed under the presidency of his successor Chadli Bendjedid.
The company Lavalin was responsible for the studies and construction of the monument. Several Algerian artists involved, like the painter Bashir Yelles, the calligrapher Abdelhamid Skander and the Polish sculptor Marian Konieczny.
The completion of the work was a real technological challenge because of the constraints inherent to the geometry of the assembly, especially the curvature of the fins, the situation of the site at the edge of a steep cliff and high seismicity of the region. Pierre Lamarre, director of engineering and structural design, Claude Naud, expert planning and construction methods, along with Bashir Yelles, imagined a solution that proved itself decisive and innovative.
Seven months (7 months and 20 day) (November 15, 1981 to July 5, 1982) were necessary to build this architectural work. The monument was inaugurated by the then President Chadli Bendjedid in February 1986.
# Ambelau language

Ambelau (Indonesian: Bahasa Ambelau) is an Austronesian language; in 1989, it was spoken by about 5,700 Ambelau people, of whom more than 5,000 lived on the Indonesian island Ambelau (Indonesian: Pulau Ambelau) and most others in the village Wae Tawa of the nearby island Buru (Indonesian: Pulau Buru).
The language is traditionally classified in a Central Maluku branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages; more recent classifications have placed it with the Sula–Buru languages. Although Ambelau island is only 20 km away from the much larger Buru island (population 135,000), the Ambelau language is rather different from all languages and dialects of Buru. The preservation of the language was also unaffected by the fact that Ambelau people compose only half of the Ambelau island population, and the communication with the Bugis and Javanese people composing the other half usually occurs in the official language of the country, Indonesian. The Ambelau language has no dialectal variation; so the Ambelau community on Buru island speaks identical language to that used on Ambelau. The language has no writing system.
The most detailed study of Ambelau language was conducted in the 1980s by Charles E. Grimes and Barbara Dix Grimes – Australian missionaries and ethnographers, active members of SIL International (they should not be confused with Joseph E. Grimes and Barbara F. Grimes, Charles' parents, also known Australian ethnographers).
# Shahid Matahari Training Academy

Shahid Matahari Training Academy (Persian: مجتمع اموزشي شهيدمطهري – Mojtame' Āmūzeshī Shahīd Maţaharī) is a village and academy in Zarqan Rural District, Zarqan District, Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72, in 16 families.
# Guy Travaglio

Guy A. Travaglio, Jr. (July 24, 1926 – September 7, 2019) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.

## Formative years and family

Travaglio graduated from Butler Area High School in 1945. He served in the U.S. military in Okinawa, Japan from 1945 to 1947. Travaglio then attended Slippery Rock College and Butler Business School.
Following college, he worked the office supply business from 1952 to 1958.
Travaglio married Norma Jean Bartoe in 1947 and the couple had five children before she was killed in a 1965 car accident. He later married Bonita Ruth Ross and they had one child. As of 2004, Travaglio had thirteen grandchildren and twelve great grandchildren.

## Career

Throughout his life, Travaglio was part owner of several business ventures, including Mr. Q's Record Shop from 1958 to 1962, a car wash from 1967 to 1976, and the Record Rack from 1968 to 1970.
Travaglio served on the Butler City Council from 1966 to 1970. He was also involved in Butler-area radio stations as an on-air personality, management, and part owner. He retired as general manager of WISR in 1993.
He was first elected to represent the 11th legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1994. He retired prior to the 2004 elections.

## Death

Travaglio died in Butler on September 7, 2019.
# Sharon Trusty

Sharon Trusty (born August 27, 1945) is an American politician who served in the Arkansas Senate from the 4th district from 2001 to 2009.

## Early life

On August 27, 1945, Trusty was born in Oregonia, Ohio.

## Education

Trusty attended Arkansas Tech University.

## Career

Trusty is a businesswoman.
In 1984, Trusty became the co-chair of Arkansas Republican can Party. In 2000, Trusty became a senator of Arkansas State Senate, which she served until 2009.

## Personal life

Trusty is married with 3 children.
# Medullary striae of fourth ventricle

Medullary striae of fourth ventricle are a landmark of the rhomboid fossa - the floor of the fourth ventricle. They are part of the auditory system. The medullary striae are formed by crossed-over anterior internal arcuate fibers - efferents of the arcuate nucleus of medulla oblongata - as they pass laterally beneath the ependyma of the fourth ventricle to reach the contralateral cerebellum.$^{:445.e1}$ The striae pass over the dorsal aspect of the medial vestibular nucleus.$^{:453}$
The medullary striae delineate the boundary between the pons and medulla oblongata dorsally/posteriorly.$^{:442,450}$

## Additional images

* Fourth ventricle. Posterior view. Deep dissection.
# Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine

Saint-Joseph-de-Coleraine (French pronunciation:) is a municipality in the Municipalité régionale de comté des Appalaches in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region and the population is 2,018 as of 2009. It is named after Saint Joseph, father of Jesus, and the town of Coleraine in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland.
# Eborius

Eborius or Eburius (fl. 314) is the first bishop of Eboracum (the later York) known by name.

## Biography

Eborius is only mentioned as one of the three bishops from Roman Britain attending the Council of Arles in 314. That council was convoked by Constantine the Great with the special object of settling the question of the Bishopric of Carthage, disputed between Cyprian and Donatus. Among the bishops from ‘the Gauls’ present at the council was ‘Eborius episcopus de civitate Eboracensi, provincia Britanniæ.’ Although suspicious, the similarity between the names Eborius and Eboracum can be explained if the bishop's actual name was Ivor, a common Welsh name which can easily be Latinised into Eborius.
The other two British bishops at Arles were ‘Restitutus, episcopus de civitate Londinensi’ (London) and ‘Adelfius episcopus de civitate colonia Londinensium.’ The latter name has variously been read as Lindum (Lincoln) or Camulodunum (Colchester). A presbyter and a deacon, ‘Sacerdos presbyter’ and ‘Arminius diaconus,’ also attended the council with Adelfius, which suggests, according to W.H.C. Frend, that he held seniority among the three bishops. Jeremy Knight states that the bishops all represented different provinces of Roman Britain, and thus the priest and deacon may have been at Arles to represent Britannia Prima.
The mention of these names is the most definite piece of evidence of the existence of an organised Christian church in the Roman province of Britain, and of its close dependence on the church of Gaul. Among the canons they subscribed was one fixing a single day for the celebration of Easter throughout the world. So that the different custom of the British church on that question had not yet arisen. The above facts are in Labbe's ‘Concilia’ from a Corvey MS., and Isidorus Mercator's list substantially agrees in including ‘Eburius,’ though it describes him only as ‘ex provincia Britanniæ’. The passage is wrongly punctuated in Migne's edition; but in Crabbe the reading is ‘ex provincia Bizacena, civitate Tubernicensi, Eburius episcopus.’ Tillemont conjecturally identifies Eborius with the Hibernius who joins in a synodal letter to Pope Sylvester I, but this seems quite arbitrary.
# Kalles Kaviar

Kalles, previously known as Kalles Kaviar (known as Kallen Mätitahna in Finland), is a Swedish brand of smörgåskaviar, spread made from roe.
It is manufactured by Abba Seafood. Kalles Kaviar is mainly made of salted cod roe (Gadus morhua), sugar, rapeseed oil and spices. It is officially credited as having been introduced in 1954, but probably existed even earlier as advertisement for the product appeared in newspapers as early as 1950. The product soon became considered a classic product in the Swedish market, internationally recognised as a Swedish product.
The tube label has maintained the same design from the beginning, and depicts the son of the then-CEO of the manufacturing company, Carl Ameln. The name Kalle was used because it was a popular name in the 1950s when it was first created.
The tube had to be made of aluminium rather than plastic because caviar cannot stay fresh when in contact with air, and plastic tubes become filled with air when the contents have been squeezed out, whereas aluminium remains in the form it was pressed into.
In 2011, IKEA replaced Kalles Kaviar with its own brand of caviar. This led to backlash, leading to IKEA returning the product to its shelves within a few years.
In the 21st century, the Swedish smörgåskaviar market has fractured, with each supermarket chain promoting its own brand.

## Product name

Having kaviar (English: caviar) in the product name has been controversial because it can be confused with other caviar types, such as Russian caviar. Although the original product was called Kalles Kaviar in Sweden, it was changed to Kalles in the 21st century. In Finland the name is translated to Kallen Mätitahna which means 'Kalle's roe paste'.
# Fort Dearborn (disambiguation)

Fort Dearborn is a historic United States fort in what is now Chicago, Illinois.
Fort Dearborn may also refer to:
* Fort Dearborn (Mississippi)
* Fort Dearborn (New Hampshire)
# Scratch Perverts

The Scratch Perverts are a collective of turntablist DJs from London, formed in 1996 by Tony Vegas, Prime Cuts and DJ Renegade.
World DMC team champions in both 1999 and 2001. Additionally Prime Cuts won 2 consecutive ITF World Scratching titles, first beating A-Trak in Hawaii in 1999 and then defending the title in Los Angeles the following year. Plus One won the Vestax battle in 2000, then the World DMC title in 2001. Their technical contributions include the 'feedback' technique, inspired by Jimi Hendrix.
They have now retired from competition and gone on to regular live DJing, touring and holding a residency at Fabric in London. They have also gone on to produce their own music.

## Harry Love

Harry Love is an English hip hop record producer and DJ from Laylow, Ladbroke Grove, London. He has produced beats for artists such as Jehst, Verb T, and Klashnekoff. He was a member of the Scratch Perverts in the 1990s.

## DJ Hero and DJ Hero 2

The group were contributing artists in the Activision music game, DJ Hero, contributing a DJ setlist in the game which includes five tracks, and for the game's sequel which included two mixes from the group.

## Discography
### Mix CDs

* B Boys Revenge - History In The Makin - X:treme Records (1998)
* Badmeaningood Vol.4 - Ultimate Dilemma (2003)
* FabricLive.22 - Fabric (2005)
* Fabric Big Issue CD (free with the Big Issue 24 September 2005)
* Watch The Ride - Harmless Records (2007)
* Beatdown - Fabric Records (2009)

### Singles

* "Come Get It" with 'Time', Scratch Perverts Records (Limited edition Promotional copy) (25 October 2004)
* "Stand By", Supercharged Records (2007)

### Featured in

* UNKLE vs. Scratch Perverts - The Breezeblock on BBC Radio 1, 2 January 1999
* DJ Hero
* Ed Rush & Optical - The Original Doctor Shade - Get Ill (feat. Scratch Perverts & MC Ryme Tyme), Mix-Cd, 2003
* DJ Hero 2

### Mixes For DJ Hero

* Paper Planes By M.I.A. / Eric B. Is President By Eric B. & Rakim
* Beats and Pieces By Scratch Perverts
* Universal Mind Control (U.M.C.) By Common (rapper) / Jeep Ass Gutter (Aaron LaCrate & Debonair Samir RMX) By Masta Ace
* Robot Rock By Daft Punk / Al Naafyish (The Soul) By Hashim
* Groundhog (Beat Juggle) By Noisia

### Mixes For DJ Hero 2

* Omen By The Prodigy / The Box By Orbital
* Galvanize (Beat Juggle) By The Chemical Brothers Ft. Q-Tip
# Walter López (footballer, born 1977)

Walter Nahún López Cárdenas (1 September 1977 – 9 August 2015) was a Honduran football player.

## Club career

His first game in the Honduran league was on 16 November 1997 wearing the Platense shirt in La Ceiba against Vida. With Darwin Pacheco, he has been the only Honduran national league footballer from Ocotepeque Department.
He finished his career with Cobán Imperial in the Guatemala's top division.

## International career

López made his debut for Honduras in a May 2000 friendly match against Canada and has earned a total of 13 caps, scoring 1 goal. He has represented his country in 1 FIFA World Cup qualification match and played at the 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup as well as at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
His final international was a June 2005 friendly match against Jamaica.

### International goals

    Scores and results list Honduras' goal tally first.
| N. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 10 March 2004 | Estadio José Pachencho Romero, Maracaibo, Venezuela | Venezuela | 1–1 | 1–2 | Friendly match |

## Personal life and murder

Nicknamed el General, his mother was Ovidia Cárdenas and he had a brother, Fernando.
López was murdered on 9 August 2015 by gangs at a Guatemalan border with Mexico. Police later stated he was shot outside the Estadio Comunal stadium in La Mesilla, La Democracia municipality, in Guatemala when visiting relatives of his wife Lesly Yamileth. He died moments later at the health center of the municipality.
# Patricia Cafferata

Patricia Anne Cafferata (née Dillon; born November 24, 1940) is an American politician and lawyer.
Born in Albany, New York, she graduated from Lewis and Clark College with a degree in elementary education and received her J.D. degree from Southwestern University School of Law. She practiced law in Reno, Nevada. Her mother was Barbara Vucanovich who served in the United States House of Representatives from Nevada and her grandfather was General Thomas Farrell. In 1978, she was elected to the Nevada Assembly as a Republican. Then in 1982, Cafferata was elected Nevada State Treasurer. She served as district attorney in three Nevada counties. She has written several books and articles. Cafferata was the Republican nominee for Governor of Nevada in 1986, losing in a landslide to incumbent Richard Bryan.
# Sts. Anne and Joachim Catholic Church

Sts. Anne and Joachim is a Roman Catholic church located in Fargo, North Dakota. Planning for the church began in 1995 and was completed in 2010. The rites of dedication were on February 11, 2010, by Samuel J. Aquila. The church was named after Saint Anne and Saint Joachim, the parents of Mary, mother of Jesus. Sts. Anne and Joachim parish was founded by Monsignor Valentine Gross after Bishop James Stephen Sullivan asked him to start a new parish in South Fargo.

## Construction

Sts. Anne and Joachim church was built in a two phase construction. Phase 1 included a gathering space and a social hall and was completed in 2001. Phase 2 included a permanent worship area, costing the church $9–10 Million. In addition to the phase 2 primary worship area, the phase 2 structure is home to an adoration and daily chapels. The church houses numerous shrines and confessionals.

## Organizations

* Knights of Columbus (The Sts. Anne & Joachim Council #11930 of the Knights of Columbus )
* Essentia (EMHC)
* Social Concerns
* St. Bakhata's Community
* Respect Life
* Parish Nursing
* MACH 1
* Prayer Quilt Ministry

## Relics

In the marble altar at Sts. Anne and Joachim Church is a small area containing numerous bone fragments of saints behind grate-like doors. Each tiny fragment is housed in its own casing, with a window so that the object can be seen.
Relic: bone fragments of Saint Anne and Joachim. The altar of the church houses what is believed to be bone fragments of the church's patron saints.
Relic: bone fragment of St. Thomas Aquinas.
Relic: bone fragment of St. Josephine Bakhita. This Sudanese saint is the patron saint of the Sudanese community that meets at the church.
Relic: St. Anthony of Padua. He is often invoked for help in finding lost articles, St. Anthony of Padua was canonized a year after his death in 1231.
Relic: bone fragment of St. Gemma Galgani. This Catholic mystic born in Italy in 1878 is said to have received the stigmata, or the wounds of Jesus, on her own body.
Relic: bone fragment of St. Maria Goretti. She is reputed to have been killed by a would-be rapist to whom she refused to submit. As she laid dying, tradition holds that she forgave her attacker.
Relic: bone fragment of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton. She is the first native-born American to be canonized by the Catholic Church.
# Fred C. Noye

Fred Charles Noye (May 13, 1946 – February 24, 2024) was an American politician who was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Noye died on February 24, 2024, at the age of 77.
# Jefe Supremo

Jefe Supremo (Supreme Chief) was a form of address was used in several countries of Latin America during the republican period and until the 1950s. It was used as a pseudonym of Chief of state during and after an armed or civilian conflict. The title was a candid admission that the holder had no legal claim to the office of the presidency.
* This article about South American culture is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Laguatan

The Laguatan (Arabic: لواتة, romanized: Lawātah) was a Berber clan that inhabited the Cyrenaica area during the Roman period. They have been described as primarily raiders and nomadic as their ancestors the Nasamones, but others consider them a settled group who also raided.
The Laguatan emerged in the late 3rd century, when the first groups started a westward migration from their original homes in the Libyan Desert. Under the label of Austuriani (probably reflecting a then-dominant sub-tribe) they are recorded as raiding the Cyrenaica and Tripolitania in the 4th century, and in the 520s, under their leader Cabaon, they scored a major victory over the Vandals, gaining effective independence from them. In the 540s, they played a major role in the tribal wars against the Byzantines, until finally defeated by John Troglita. Procopius of Caesarea (Vandalic War II.21.2 & II.28.47) calls them the Leuathae (Greek: Λευάθαι), while Flavius Cresconius Corippus calls them Ilaguas and Laguantan. According to Corippus, they were still pagan, and worshipped Gurzil, who is identified as the son of Amun and of a cow (Iohannis II.109–110).
During the Islamic Middle Ages, Ibn Khaldun recorded that this tribal group were known as the Lawata or Louata, and was spread from the oases of Egypt's Western Desert through Cyrenaica, Tripolitania to south and central Tunisia and eastern Algeria.