OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eka Peksha Ek

Eka Peksha Ek (transl. One Over One) is an Indian Marathi language TV dance reality show which aired on Zee Marathi. It was hosted by Aadesh Bandekar and Pushkar Shrotri. Sachin Pilgaonkar was the producer and Mahaguru (main judge) of this show. It aired from 26 December 2007 and stopped on 13 October 2013 with seven seasons.

## Seasons

| Season | Season | Originally Broadcast | Originally Broadcast | Days | Name |
| Season | Season | First aired | Last aired | Days | Name |
| | 1 | 26 December 2007 (2007-12-26) | 2008 (2008) | Wed-Thu | 10 pm |
| | 2 | 2008 (2008) | 2008 (2008) | Wed-Thu | 10 pm |
| | 3 | 15 October 2008 (2008-10-15) | 26 April 2009 (2009-04-26) | Wed-Thu | Dance Masti |
| | 4 | 30 October 2009 (2009-10-30) | 30 January 2010 (2010-01-30) | Fri-Sat | Chhote Champions |
| | 4 | 1 February 2010 (2010-02-01) | 4 April 2010 (2010-04-04) | Mon-Tue | Chhote Champions |
| | 5 | 29 December 2010 (2010-12-29) | 1 May 2011 (2011-05-01) | Wed-Thu | Apsara Aali |
| | 6 | 12 October 2011 (2011-10-12) | 15 January 2012 (2012-01-15) | Wed-Thu | Jodicha Mamla |
| | 7 | 1 July 2013 (2013-07-01) | 13 October 2013 (2013-10-13) | Mon-Tue | Apsara Aali 2 |

## Awards

Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards :
| Year | Category | Recipient |
| 2008 | Best Judge | Sachin Pilgaonkar |
| 2008 | Best Event | Grand Finale |
| 2012 | Best Judge | Sachin Pilgaonkar |

## Reception

| Week | Year | TAM TVR | Rank | Rank | Ref. |
| Week | Year | TAM TVR | Mah/Goa | All India | Ref. |
| Week 45 | 2008 | 0.92 | 2 | 79 | |
| Week 47 | 2008 | 0.94 | 2 | 50 | |
| Week 50 | 2008 | 0.9 | 4 | 86 | |
| Week 1 | 2009 | 0.8 | 4 | 96 | |
| Week 3 | 2009 | 1.11 | 2 | 55 | |
| Week 5 | 2009 | 0.9 | 3 | 81 | |
| Week 6 | 2009 | 0.9 | 2 | 78 | |
| Week 14 | 2009 | 0.8 | 3 | 88 | |
| Week 15 | 2009 | 0.93 | 1 | 67 | |
| 26 April 2009 | Grand Finale | 1.0 | 1 | 69 | |
| Week 50 | 2009 | 0.7 | 5 | 100 | |
| Week 52 | 2009 | 0.8 | 4 | 89 | |
| Week 5 | 2010 | 0.8 | 2 | 75 | |
| Week 6 | 2011 | 1.04 | 2 | 66 | |
| Week 10 | 2011 | 0.77 | 1 | 79 | |
| Week 13 | 2011 | 0.79 | 2 | 81 | |
# Rodolfo Bonifacio

Rodolfo Bonifacio (Messina, 24 February 1940 – Rome, 1 November 2016) was an Italian physicist, Professor Emeritus at University of Milan, who made significant contributions to laser physics and quantum optics.

## Education and career

Bonifacio studied in Milan, graduating with Piero Caldirola in 1964. He was a postdoctoral student at Harvard University with Roy Glauber. Afterwards he was a professor in Milan. He was also in the Milan section of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN).
He has been a visiting professor and visiting scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, and Brookhaven National Laboratory.

## Research

As part of their investigation of the nonlinear interaction of an electromagnetic pulse with an ensemble of two-level atoms, he and Tito Arecchi independently derived the equations known as Maxwell-Bloch equations. In 1970, with Paolo Schwendimann and Fritz Haake, he developed a classical and quantum theory of cooperative spontaneous emission and coined the name superfluorescence. With Luigi Lugiato he later described oscillating superfluorescence, which was confirmed experimentally. In addition, with Lugiato he developed a molecular field theory of optical bistability with a description of photon statistics and they developed an exact theory of optical bistability in a ring resonator with later experimentally confirmed prediction of optical self-pulsing.
In 1982 he described a model of the free electron laser (FEL) with Federico Casagrande and Giulio Casati. They predicted a first-order phase transition to laser operation for critical values of the magnetic wiggler field and electron density.
In the 1990s he studied the interaction of cold atomic gases with light and developed the theory of the Collective Atomic Recoil Laser (CARL, 1994), in which both internal atomic states and the movement of atoms play a role (so that he experiences both the theory of conventional lasers and FEL). This has been observed as superradiant Rayleigh scattering (SRyS) in both ordinary cold atomic gases and Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The latter suggested an extension of the CARL model, which also included the atomic recoil during photon emission, which led Bonifacio to investigate a possible new regime of FEL called Quantum FEL (QFEL) in the 2000s, building on the work of Giuliano Preparata at the end of the 2000s 1980s. He saw this as a possible compact source for coherent gamma radiation.
He also dealt with the nature and quantization of time.
In 1987 he received the Albert A. Michelson Medal from the Franklin Institute with Luigi A. Lugiato and in 1994 the Einstein Medal from the Society for Quantum Optics and Quantum Electronics.
An article published in Nature in 2015 with the title Due credit for Maxwell–Bloch equations authored by Brian McNeil suggests that "These coupled equations were not actually derived by Maxwell and Bloch, but instead can be traced back to a little cited (given its significance) publication by Tito Arecchi and Rodolfo Bonifacio".
# Katerina Grolliou

Katerina Grolliou (Greek: Κατερίνα Γρόλλιου) was a Greek artist, who was born in Athens and died in Florence, Italy, in 2017, aged 59. She designed and produced handmade jewellery, microsculpture, painting in relief, and poetry. Examples of her work are held in the collections of the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, the Athens Municipality Cultural Centre, and the Corfu Municipal Gallery, and were included in two publications, Greek Jewellery: 5000 Years of Tradition and Greek Jewellery: 6000 Years of Tradition.

## Life and work

Katerina Grolliou was born in Athens. She studied painting, microsculpture and jewellery design at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence and worked under the tutorship of the sculptor Magni Egisto. She later pursued her studies of art and jewellery in Paris and Seoul.
In 1990 Katerina Grolliou established an atelier in Athens, "Atelier GROLLIO", where she designed and produced her own creations in handmade jewellery and microsculpture. Her work also embraced painting in relief, sculpture and poetry. Each line of jewellery, microsculpture and objets d’art was directly linked with a series of paintings and related to her poetry.
She was nominated for Sculptor of the Year in Corfu (Kerkyra).

### Books

* Memory Paths (EPSILON, 2006)- a book of pictorial poetry

### Exhibitions

Katerina Grolliou's exhibitions in Greece and Cyprus: 1986 – 2009 (11 solo, 7 group shows)
* Phaliro Municipal Cultural Centre, Athens 1991 (Organizational program of European Art Center (EUARCE). Art direction: Evangelos Andreou)
* Papagou Municipal Centre, Athens (2 exhibitions)
* Spiti tis Kiprou, Athens
* Italian School, Athens (2 exhibitions)
* Athens Municipal Cultural Centre, Athens
* Argostoli Philharmonic Exhibition Centre, Cephallonia
* Pessada Cultural Centre, Cephallonia (3 exhibitions)
* Rafina Municipal Cultural Centre, Greece
* “White Rocks” Hotel, Cephallonia
* “Holiday Inn” Hotel, Nicosia, Cyprus
* Municipal Gallery, Art Café, Corfu (3 exhibitions)
* “Thryallis” Art Gallery, Patra
* “Greek Jewellery, 6000 Years of Tradition” (Ministry of Culture), Villa Bianca, Thessaloniki
* “Dante Aligheri” Association, Athens
* “Melina Merkouri” Cultural Centre, Athens
* “Palace of the Duchess of Placentia”, Penteli Municipal Cultural Centre, Athens
* Corfu Municipal Theatre, Corfu
* Atelier “GROLLIO”, Papagou, Athens: December, every year
Her creations have been included in the permanent collections of the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence (since 1986), the Athens Municipality Cultural Centre (since 1994), and the Corfu Municipal Gallery (since 1996). Her work was included in two major publications, Greek Jewellery: 5000 Years of Tradition (1995), and Greek Jewellery: 6000 Years of Tradition (1997), published on the occasion of a major exhibition presenting the history of Greek jewellery through the ages, held at Villa Bianca in Thessaloniki in 1997.
# Abeba Birhane

Abeba Birhane is an Ethiopian-born cognitive scientist who works at the intersection of complex adaptive systems, machine learning, algorithmic bias, and critical race studies. Birhane's work with Vinay Prabhu uncovered that large-scale image datasets commonly used to develop AI systems, including ImageNet and 80 Million Tiny Images, carried racist and misogynistic labels and offensive images. She has been recognized by VentureBeat as a top innovator in computer vision and named as one of the 100 most influential persons in AI 2023 by TIME magazine.

## Early life and education

Birhane was born in Ethiopia. She received her Bachelors of Science in Psychology and a Bachelors of Arts in Philosophy from The Open University. In 2015, she completed her Master of Science in Cognitive Science and, in 2021, her Ph.D. at the Complex Software Lab in the School of Computer Science at University College Dublin.

## Career and research

Birhane studied the impacts of emerging AI technologies and how they shape individuals and local communities. She found that AI algorithms tend to disproportionately impact vulnerable groups such as older workers, trans people, immigrants, and children. Her research on relational ethics won the best paper award at NeurIPS’s Black in AI workshop in 2019. She has also studied and written about algorithmic colonization driven by corporate agendas. Her work in decolonizing computational sciences addressed the inherited oppressions in current systems especially towards women of color.
In 2020, Birhane and Vinay Prabhu, principal machine learning scientist at UnifyID, published a paper examining the problematic data collection, labelling, classification, and consequences of large image datasets. These datasets, including ImageNet and MIT's 80 Million Tiny Images, have been used to develop thousands of AI algorithms and systems. Birhane and Prabhu found that they contained many racist and misogynistic labels and slurs as well as offensive images. This resulted in MIT voluntarily and formally taking down the 80 Million Tiny Images dataset.
More recently, Birhane has worked with Rediet Abebe, George Obaido, and Sekou Remy on researching the barriers to data sharing in Africa. They found that power imbalances are significant in the data sharing process, even when the data comes from Africa. Their research was published at the ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency.
In 2024, Birhane established the AI Accountability Lab research group at Trinity College Dublin.

## Selected awards

* 2019 NeurIPS Black in AI Workshop Best Paper Award
* 2020 Venture Beat AI Innovations Award in the category Computer Vision Innovation (received with Vinay Prabhu)
* 2021 100 Brilliant Women in AI Ethics Hall of Fame Honoree
* 2022 Lero Director’s Prize for PhD/PostDoctoral Contribution.
* 2023 100 Most Influential People in AI by TIME magazine
# Byrsonima crassa

Byrsonima crassa is a species of plant in the Malpighiaceae family. It is found in Brazil and Paraguay.
# Spyridon Vikatos

Spyridon or Spyros Vikatos (Greek: Σπυρίδων Βικάτος; 24 September 1878 – 6 June 1960) was a Greek painter and professor. He is considered one of the later members of the Munich School.

## Life

Spyridon Vikatos was born in Argostoli, Cephalonia, in 1878. AHe was assisted by the Archbishop of Athens Germanos Kalligas to study painting at the Athens School of Fine Arts as a student of Nikiforos Lytras and Spyridon Prosalentis.
After his graduation Vikatos earned a scholarship and moved to Germany where he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich under Nikolaos Gyzis and Ludwig von Löfftz. He was also awarded with various prizes and distinctions. Following his return to Greece, Vikatos taught at the School of Fine Arts from 1909 until 1939. Agenor Asteriadis, Giorgos Gounaropoulos, Spyros Papaloukas, Yannis Tsarouchis, Sofia Zengo Papadhimitri, Yiannis Spyropoulos, Sophia Laskaridou and Victor Ioannides were among his students. He died in Athens in 1960.

## Work

Vikatos mainly painted portraits and genre subjects. His paintings show the influence of German academicism and also of the 17th century Flemish School. To a lesser extent he painted historical and religious compositions, still lifes and landscapes. He is noted for his depictions of old people, either alone or in larger compositions.
Vikatos participated in solo, group and international exhibitions, including the Bordeaux International Exposition in 1907 (gold medal), Rome in 1911, Paris in 1937 and the Venice Biennale in 1934 and 1936. in 1937 he received the national Medal of Arts and Letters, and in 1951 the Academy of Munich elected him an honorary member of the Fine Arts. Some of his artworks a held in the National Gallery of Greece, the Teloglion Foundation of Arts, the Municipal Art Gallery of Ioannina and the Municipal Art Gallery of Chania.
# Douglas H. Fisher

Douglas H. Fisher (born April 28, 1947) is an American Democratic Party politician who has served as the New Jersey Secretary of Agriculture, having been initially confirmed by Governor Jon Corzine and carried over by both Chris Christie and Phil Murphy. He served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2002 to 2009, representing the 3rd legislative district.

## Education

Fisher graduated with a B.S. Business Administration from Bryant University in Rhode Island.

## Career
### Early career

Fisher served on the South Jersey Economic Development District from 1995-2001 and the South Jersey Transportation Planning Organization, also from 1995-2001. Fisher served on the Cumberland County Board of Chosen Freeholders from 1996-2000, and was President of the South Jersey Freeholder Association in 1999. He served on the Bridgeton City Council from 1990-1992. Fisher is the former President of the Bridgeton Historical and Cultural Commission. Fisher served in the New Jersey National Guard from 1969-1975.

### General Assembly

Fisher served in the Assembly on the Agriculture and Natural Resources (as Chair), the Regulated Professions Committee,Budget, the Telecommunications and Utilities Committee and the Intergovernmental Relations Commission.

### New Jersey Secretary of Agriculture

The New Jersey Board of Agriculture voted in February 2009 to nominate Fisher for the position of New Jersey Secretary of Agriculture, 6-2. Governor Jon S. Corzine confirmed the nomination and Fisher was sworn in on March 7, 2009. Fisher served as chair of the New Jetsey state soil conservation committee and was a member of the State Planning Committee from 2009-2023. He was also past Present President of The Northeast State Departments of Agriculture and Past treasurer and Vice-President of the National Associations of Departments of Agriculture(NSADA)He additionally serves as President of Food Export Northeast. Mr Fisher was Chairman of The State Soil Conservation Committee. Fisher retained the role during the governorship of Chris Christie and was also chosen by incoming governor Phil Murphy to continue in the position; the position of Agriculture Secretary.
# Eremiascincus emigrans

Eremiascincus emigrans is a species of skink found in Indonesia.
# Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

This is a list of Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew:
* 1759–1793 William Aiton
* 1793–1841 William Townsend Aiton
* 1841–1865 Sir William Jackson Hooker
* 1865–1885 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker
* 1885–1905 Sir William Turner Thiselton-Dyer
* 1905–1922 Sir David Prain
* 1922–1941 Sir Arthur William Hill
* 1941–1943 Sir Geoffrey Evans (acting)
* 1943–1956 Sir Edward Salisbury
* 1956–1971 Sir George Taylor
* 1971–1976 Jack Heslop-Harrison
* 1976–1981 Professor John Patrick Micklethwait Brenan
* 1981–1988 Professor Arthur Bell
* 1988–1999 Sir Ghillean Prance
* 1999–2006 Professor Sir Peter Crane
* 2006–2012 Professor Stephen D. Hopper
* 2012–present Richard Deverell
# Al Muharraq Stadium

Al Muharraq Stadium (Arabic: ملعب المحرق), also known as the Sheikh Ali bin Mohammed Al Khalifa Stadium (Arabic: ملعب الشيخ علي بن محمد آل خليفة), is a multi-use stadium situated in Arad, Bahrain. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Muharraq Club and Bahrain SC. The stadium holds 20,000 people.
The stadium underwent maintenance works – overseen by Malaysian firm Michael KC Cheah & Partners – for a month during September 2012 to catch up to modern standards.

## History

Al Muharraq Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Muharraq, Bahrain. It serves as the home ground of Muharraq Club, one of the most successful football clubs in Bahrain. It has a seating capacity of 20,000 and boasts good facilities, including floodlights, a video scoreboard, and a high-quality turf. Al Muharraq Stadium has hosted numerous high-profile football matches, including AFC Champions League matches and the Arabian Gulf Cup. It is also a popular venue for concerts and other cultural events. The stadium is a source of pride for the people of Muharraq and is widely regarded as one of the best sports facilities in the region.
# Tórshavn Municipality

Tórshavn Municipality (Faroese: Tórshavnar kommuna; Danish: Thorshavn Kommune) is the municipality of the Faroese capital Tórshavn and its surroundings.
The municipality covers the southern half of Streymoy island and adjacent minor islands and has an area of 173 km$^2$. It became an independent municipality in 1866 and is the largest in the Faroes. The municipality has a population of about 23,090 (March 2023) or 40.5% of the total population of the islands.
It contains the following towns and villages:
* Tórshavn
* Argir
* Hoyvík
* Hvítanes
* Kaldbak
* Kaldbaksbotnur
* Kirkjubøur
* Velbastaður
* Kollafjørður
* Oyrareingir
* Signabøur
* Sund
* Norðradalur
* Syðradalur
* Nólsoy
* Hestur
* Koltur

## Population progression

Progression of the population of Tórshavn since 1801:
Population of Tórshavn :
| Year | 1801 | 1854 | 1900 | 1925 | 1950 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2005 | 2007 | 2015 | 2020 |
| Population | 554 | 900 | 1,656 | 2,896 | 5,607 | 11,329 | 12,641 | 16,118 | 17,703 | 16,500 | 16,925 | 17,253 | 17,498 | 17,890 | 18,245 | 18,570 | 19,282 | 19,318 | 20,198 | 21,926 |

## Politics
### Municipal council

Tórshavn's municipal council consists of 13 members, elected every four years.
| Election | Party | Party | Party | Party | Party | Total seats | Turnout | Elected mayor |
| Election | A | B | C | E | F | Total seats | Turnout | Elected mayor |
| 2016 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 13 | 79.5% | Annika Olsen (A) |
| 2020 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 81.0% | Heðin Mortensen (C) |
| Data from Kvf.fo |||||||||
# Vivian Pitchforth

Roland Vivian Pitchforth RA ARWS (25 April 1895 – 6 August 1982) was an English painter, teacher and an official British war artist during the Second World War. He excelled at watercolours and in later years concentrated on landscapes, seascapes and paintings of atmospheric effects.

## Early life

Pitchforth was born in Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire and studied at Leeds School of Art in 1914 and 1915 before joining the armed forces. He served in the Wakefield Battery of the Royal Garrison Artillery during World War One, service which left him with lifelong hearing damage. After the war, Pitchforth returned to his studies in Leeds where he won a scholarship that allowed him to study at the Royal College of Art from 1920 to 1925. After graduation he took a teaching job at Camberwell School of Art and, from 1926 to 1929, a similar post at Clapham School of Art. Pitchforth exhibited works at a number of London galleries and joined the London Group in 1929. He taught at St Martins School of Art from 1930 to 1937 and then at the Royal College of Art until the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1932, he married Edith Brenda Matthews at Chelsea Register Office.

## Second World War

Pitchforth began the war painting scenes of bomb damage around London on short-term contracts for the War Artists' Advisory Committee (WAAC). These works quickly led to Pitchforth being given a salaried position with WAAC in 1940, in which he painted further scenes of bombed buildings, war-time factory production, air raid precaution training exercises, parachutes being packed and RAF operations rooms. In the spring of 1943, WAAC assigned Pitchforth to the Admiralty and although he still painted other subjects his focus shifted to naval vessels and maritime warfare. He travelled extensively to complete this commission, working in London, Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, the south coast of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, as well as sailing on convoys to Gibraltar and the Azores. In early 1944, he was painting on board ships in the Western Approaches. In 1945 he was assigned to the South East Asia Command and dispatched to the Far East to record the Allied campaigns in Burma and Ceylon. He was at Rangoon when the British took the city and helped camouflage the amphibious assault craft used by the British. At the end of the war Pitchforth developed a lung infection and spent some considerable time convalescing in South Africa before returning to Britain in 1948.

## Later life

After he returned to Britain Pitchforth resumed a teaching career, holding posts at Chelsea Polytechnic, Camberwell and St. Martins until he retired from the Sir John Cass College of Art in 1974. Throughout this period he continued to exhibit both in Britain and in several countries around the world.
# Hoyvík

Hoyvík (Danish: Højvig) is a town in the Faroe Islands. It is part of the Tórshavn Municipality, and de facto is merged as a northern suburb of Tórshavn, the Faroese capital.

## History

Hoyvík is believed to be a very old settlement. An early source is the Færeyinga saga, a 13th-century recollection of earlier Viking oral recounts.
Before the late 20th century the population was very low. Until the mid 19th century the entire population comprised one farm. A few more houses were built close to the farmland after the Second World War. A real development boom has been in Hoyvík since about the early 1980s. The new houses have been built on land that was formerly considered farmer outfields. The architecture of some of these newer houses include detached and terraced housing. The purchaser of one of these terraced houses, buys the two outer walls, but then builds the house itself in colours and design of their own choice. The result is an unusual effect of combining terraced housing with the idiosyncratic personal touch of the family living in it.

## Notable facts

A 17th-century farmhouse functions today as an open-air museum, part of the National Museum of the Faroe Islands. Important institutions in Hoyvík are the gymnasium and the Faroese Historical Museum. The first church in Hoyvík was finished in 2007. In 2005 a free trade agreement between the Faroe Islands and Iceland was signed in Hoyvík at the Historical Museum. It is consequently known as the Hoyvík Agreement.