OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eldridge Emory

Eldridge Emory (March 19, 1935 – February 20, 2023) was an American politician who served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 45th district from 1998 to 2006.
He died on February 20, 2023, in Lancaster, South Carolina at age 87.
# Húsavík Municipality

Húsavík Municipality (Faroese: Húsavíkar kommuna) is a municipality of the Faroe Islands. The town of Húsavík is the administrative centre.
Its area comprises the southeastern quarter of the island of Sandoy.
It contains the following towns and villages:
* Húsavík
* Skarvanes
* Dalur
# Chrysochloris

Chrysochloris is a genus of mammal in the family Chrysochloridae. It contains the following species:
* Subgenus Chrysochloris
** Cape golden mole (Chrysochloris asiatica)
** Visagie's golden mole (Chrysochloris visagiei)
* Subgenus Kilimatalpa
** Stuhlmann's golden mole (Chrysochloris stuhlmanni)
# Récourt

Récourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France about 14 miles (23 km) east of Arras.

## Population

The inhabitants are called Récourtois.
# Beni Khaled

28°39′29″N 30°44′32″E﻿ / ﻿28.65806°N 30.74222°E﻿ / 28.65806; 30.74222 Beni Khaled is a village of Minya Governorate in Egypt.
# Clary Hood Smith

Clary Hood Smith (September 20, 1928 – January 10, 2019) was an American politician in the state of South Carolina. He served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1963 to 1966, representing Spartanburg County, South Carolina. He was a fuel oil dealer.
# Robert E. Ferguson

Robert Earl Ferguson (August 5, 1924 – October 3, 2016) was an American politician. He served as lieutenant governor from 1975 to 1979, under Governor Jerry Apodaca. He was an alumnus of Baylor University. Ferguson also was a New Mexico State Senator until his election in 1974 as Lieutenant Governor. He died in October 2016 at the age of 92.
# Stefan Florescu

Stefan Florescu (1926/1927 – October 29, 2010) was an American paralympic swimmer and table tennis player. He competed at the 1964 Summer Paralympics.

## Biography

Florescu was born in Davenport, Iowa. He attended St. Ambrose University, graduating in 1951. In 1952 he became quadriplegic as a result of a swimming accident. He participated at the National Wheelchair Games in New York, in which Florescu won a free trip to participate at the Paralympic Games along with his teammates, in 1964.
Florescu participated at the 1964 Summer Paralympics, with participating in the swimming competition at the Paralympic Games. He was awarded the bronze medal in the 25m freestyle prone complete class 1 event. Florescu scored 1:02:20. He also participated in the 25m freestyle supine complete class 1 event, being awarded the bronze medal. Florescu scored 0:57:20. He also participated in the 25m breaststroke complete class 1 event, being awarded the silver medal. Florescu scored 1:36:80. He participated in the table tennis competition at the Paralympic Games. Florescu participated in the Singles A1 event, being awarded the gold medal.
Florescu died in October 2010, at the age of 83.
# Historicity

Historicity is the historical actuality of persons and events, meaning the quality of being part of history instead of being a historical myth, legend, or fiction. The historicity of a claim about the past is its factual status. Historicity denotes historical actuality, authenticity, factuality and focuses on the true value of knowledge claims about the past.
Some theoreticians characterize historicity as a dimension of all natural phenomena that take place in space and time. Other scholars characterize it as an attribute reserved to certain human occurrences, in agreement with the practice of historiography. Herbert Marcuse explained historicity as that which "defines history and thus distinguishes it from 'nature' or the 'economy'" and "signifies the meaning we intend when we say of something that is 'historical'." The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy defines historicity as "denoting the feature of our human situation by which we are located in specific concrete temporal and historical circumstances". For Wilhelm Dilthey, historicity identifies human beings as unique and concrete historical beings.
Questions regarding historicity concern not just the issue of "what really happened", but also how modern observers can come to know "what really happened". This second issue is closely tied to historical research practices and methodologies for analyzing the reliability of primary sources and other evidence. Because various methodologies thematize historicity differently, it is not possible to reduce historicity to a single structure to be represented. Some methodologies like historicism can make historicity subject to constructions of history based on submerged value commitments. The historiographer François Hartog introduced the notion of regimes of historicity to describe a society that considers its past and attempts to deal with it, a process that is also cited as "a method of self-awareness in a human community". The historicity of a reported event may be distinct from the historicity of persons involved in the event. For example, a popular story says that as a child, George Washington chopped down a cherry tree, and when confronted about it, honestly took responsibility for the act. Although there is no doubt that Washington existed as an historical figure, the historicity of this specific account has been found lacking.
Questions of historicity are particularly relevant to partisan or poetic accounts of past events. For example, the historicity of the Iliad has become a topic of debate because later archaeological finds suggest that the work was based on some true event.
Questions of historicity frequently arise in relation to historical studies of religion. In these cases, value commitments can influence the choice of research methodology.
# George Blakely

George Blakely (July 5, 1870 – November 16, 1965) was an army officer and an American Brigadier general active during World War I.

## Early life and family

Blakely was born on July 5, 1870, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and attended Central High School there. In 1892, he graduated number four of sixty-two from the United States Military Academy. His younger brother, Charles School Blakely, was also a graduate of the United States Military Academy and later a general. Another brother, John Russell Young Blakely, was a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and later an admiral. Their parents were John Blakely, a journalist, and Mary Anne (Young) Blakely. Their uncles were John Russell Young and James Rankin Young.

## Career

Upon graduation, Blakely was commissioned in the Second Artillery Brigade and graduated from the Artillery School in 1896. From 1898 to 1901, and again from 1903 to 1908, he was an assistant professor of mathematics at the United States Military Academy. He served in the Coast Artillery but was later detailed to the Inspector General's Department. On August 2, 1917, Blakely was promoted to brigadier general, commanding the 61st Field Artillery Brigade at Fort Worth, Texas. From September 18, 1917, until December 5 of the same year, he temporarily commanded the 36th Division. From July to October 1918, he commanded the South Atlantic Coast Artillery District. From October 1918 to February 1919, Blakely was sent to France as commanding general of the 38th Artillery Brigade. After the war, he commanded the North Pacific Coast Artillery District.
Blakely retired on May 6, 1924, as a colonel. His rank of brigadier general was restored by act of Congress in June 1930.

## Later life

After retirement, Blakely lived in San Francisco, California. He died at the age of ninety-five on November 16, 1965, at Letterman General Hospital in San Francisco. Blakely was interred at Golden Gate National Cemetery three days later.
# ভাৰত

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# Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg

Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (ca. 1260 or 1265 – aft. 26 December 1323), was a prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg.
He was the third son of Bernhard I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, by his wife Princess Sophie, daughter of King Abel of Denmark.

## Life

After the death of his father in 1287, Bernhard inherited the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg. In accordance with the family law of the House of Ascania, he was obliged to rule jointly with his older brother John I without division of their patrimony. John died four years later (1291) and Bernhard became the sole ruler.
In the year 1300 Bernhard adopted the title "Count of Bernburg". His princely title was confirmed the next year.
After the Anhalt-Aschersleben line became extinct in 1315, Bernhard inherited the senior princely title of Ascania as well as the title prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben. However, he could not take actual possession of his cousin Otto's lands Anhalt-Aschersleben or retain title to this fief, because the territory was lawfully expropriated by the Bishopric of Halberstadt as payment for the debts of the late Prince Otto. Bernhard agreed to this arrangement in writing in 1316, however his descendants continued to dispute the loss of the principality for centuries. Aschersleben was finally awarded to Brandenburg-Prussia in the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.
In Frankfurt am Main on 27 September 1320, Bernhard was created Count palatine of Saxony and Count of Brehna. He died three years later.

## Marriage and issue

On 27 December 1302 Bernhard married Helene (b. 1270 – d. 9 August 1315), daughter of Wizlaw II, Prince of Rügen and widow of John III, Lord of Mecklenburg. They had three sons:
* Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (d. 20 August 1348)
* Henry (d. aft. 19 August 1337), a Dominican friar at Halberstadt (1330)
* Otto, a Franciscan friar at Magdeburg (1323).
Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg House of AscaniaBorn: ca 1260 Died: December 1323 :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byBernhard I | Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg 1287–1323 With: his brother John I (1287–1291) | Succeeded byBernhard III |
| Preceded byOtto II | — TITULAR — Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben (titular 1315) permanently lost to Halberstadt in 1316 | Succeeded byBernhard III |
# Aleksei Shaposhnikov (politician)

Aleksei Valerievich Shaposhnikov (Russian: Алексей Валерьевич Шапошников; born 16 June 1973) is a Russian politician who has served as the chairman of the Moscow City Duma since 2014.

## Biography

Aleksei Valerievich Shaposhnikov was born on 16 June 1973 in Moscow. Father — Valery Shaposhnikov, Moscow City Duma Deputy 4-th and 5-th convocations.

## Chairman of the Moscow City Duma

During the elections to the Moscow city Duma 6-th convocation, held in September 2014, ran from Moscow branch of the party "United Russia", and this time won the election in his single-mandate constituency № 12. On September 24 the first meeting of the Duma 6-th convocation deputies adopted a resolution "On election of the Chairman of the Moscow city Duma", and A. V. Shaposhnikov was elected to this position (according to the regulations, he will lead the work of the Council during the whole validity term of its powers). In his speech after his election as the new speaker promised that the Moscow city Duma will be encouraged to debate different political forces, and representatives of all factions will be heard.

## Controversy
### Election errors

On 26 December 2018 deputy Elena Shuvalova during the meeting of the Moscow City Duma noticed that the voting system is registering the votes of the deputies incorrectly. Deputy Shuvalova noted that there were 36 votes registered in the system while she could only count 26 deputies on the floor. In reply to her request to count the deputies chairman Shaposhnikov noted that there is a "special system which counts the deputies on the floor" and "he fully trusts it". In response that it's working incorrectly, he noted that the system fully supports the legislative work of the Duma. The official video recording provided by the City Duma did not show the actual deputies on the floor.

### Sanctions

Due to the ongoing Russo–Ukrainian War, Shaposhnikov was placed under European Union and Swiss sanctions list in December 2023.

## Electoral history

2014 Moscow City Duma election (12th constituency) :
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| Alexei Shaposhnikov | 16,801 | 50.65% |
| Evgenii Marchenko | 5,590 | 16.85% |
| Vladimir Khodakov | 3,286 | 9.91% |
| Aleksandr Sapranov | 2,010 | 6.06% |
| Tatiana Fokina | 1,875 | 5.65% |
| Lidia Tafintseva | 1,607 | 4.84% |
2019 Moscow City Duma election (12th constituency) :
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| Alexei Shaposhnikov | United Russia | 14,227 | 42.16% |
| Alexander Efimov | CPRF | 13,087 | 38.78% |
| Maxim Efimov | LDPR | 2,613 | 7.74% |
| Nikita Yankovoy | A Just Russia | 2,358 | 6.98% |
| Pavel Trofimov | Communists of Russia | 1,463 | 4.34% |
# Cockthorpe

Cockthorpe is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Binham, in the English county of Norfolk.
Cockthorpe is located 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north-west of Holt and 26 miles (42 km) north-west of Norwich. On 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Binham.

## History

The village's name is of mixed Viking and Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from an amalgamation of the Old Norse and Old English for a outlying farmstead or settlement with an abundance of either chickens or gamebirds.
In the Domesday Book, Cockthorpe is recorded as a settlement of 5 households in the hundred of Greenhoe. In 1086, the village formed parts of the estates of William de Beaufeu.
In the 17th century, Cockthorpe provided a number of notable Royal Navy officers, including Sir Christopher Myngs, Sir John Narborough, and Sir Cloudesley Shovell.
Between 1940 and 1961, Cockthorpe was host to RAF Langham, a satellite airfield for RAF Bircham Newton operated by RAF Coastal Command.

## Geography

In 1931 the parish had a population of 55, this was the last time that separate population statistics were collated for Cockthorpe.
The nearest railway station is at Sheringham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International Airport.

## All Saints' Church

Cockthorpe's parish church is located on Airfield Road and dates back to the Eleventh or Twelfth Centuries.
All Saints' fell into disuse during the Second World War but features Medieval wall paintings which were uncovered in the 1990s as well as stained-glass windows designed by J. & J. King of Norwich.

## Notable Residents

* Colonel Christopher Calthorpe- (c.1560-1662) Virginian settler and representative, born in Cockthorpe.
* Vice-Admiral Sir Christopher Myngs- (1625-1666) naval officer and privateer, likely born in Cockthorpe.
* Admiral Sir John Narborough- (1640-1688) naval officer, likely born or lived in Cockthorpe.
* Fleet Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell- (1650-1707) naval officer, born in Cockthorpe.

## Governance

Cockthorpe is part of the electoral ward of Priory for local elections and is part of the district of North Norfolk.
The village's national constituency is North Norfolk, which has been represented by the Liberal Democrat Steff Aquarone MP since 2024.

## War Memorial

There is no war memorial in Cockthorpe and it is possible that the village is one of the undocumented Thankful Villages.
# Ray Begaye

Ray Begaye (born February 15, 1954, in Shiprock, New Mexico) is an American politician. He was a member of the New Mexico House of Representatives from the 4th District, from 1999 to 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
# Alice Osborne Curwen

Alice Osborne Curwen (c.1902 – July 21, 1983) later Alice Osborn McKeen, was an American zoologist, medical college professor, and clubwoman. She taught anatomy, histology, and embryology classes at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania.

## Early life and education

Alice Osborne Curwen was born in Philadelphia, the daughter of George Fisher Curwen and Helen Stoddard Osborne Curwen. Her father was a lumber dealer. She graduated from Smith College in 1925. She also studied embryology at the Marine Biological Laboratory in 1924. She completed doctoral studies in biology at Yale University, with a dissertation titled "The telencephalon of tupinambis nigropunctatus" (1937), a study of the brain anatomy of a Caribbean lizard.

## Career

Curwen continued her research on reptile anatomy in the 1930s, publishing research in the Journal of Comparative Neurology. She taught zoology at Smith College, and taught anatomy, histology, and embryology classes at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. She was a member of the American Association of Anatomists.
After marriage, she lived in Winterport, Maine, where she was president of the Winterport Club. In the 1940s and 1950s, she was a statewide lecturer and leader in Episcopal churchwomen's work in Maine, and represented Maine at a national Episcopalian conference in San Francisco in 1949. She was also active in the Women's Society of Christian Service, and a delegate to the state Republican convention in 1966.

## Personal life and legacy

Alice Osborne Curwen married Edward Forster McKeen in 1940. Her husband was superintendent at a coal plant in Maine. She and her sister Elinor Ewing Curwen donated art to the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Her husband died in 1970. In 1973, antiques worth thousands of dollars were stolen from her Maine home. She died in 1983, in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, aged 81 years.
Though few in number, Curwen's publications continue to be cited in her field. As recently as 2005, she was included in a list of "illustrious" early comparative neuroanatomists, in an anatomy textbook.
# Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan

The Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси Фанлар академияси) is the main scientific organization of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It coordinates research in all areas of science and technology.
The academy was established in 1943 as the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. The Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR was acclaimed for its high-quality research, playing an important role in Soviet science. After the collapse of the USSR, it became the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan.

## Membership

The academy currently has 155 members, 49 academicians, and 106 corresponding members. With more than 50 scientific research institutions and organizations, the academy is the largest scientific organization in Uzbekistan.

## Presidents of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan

The Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan has had thirteen presidents since its foundation.
* Toshmuhammad Qori-Niyoziy (1943–1947)
* Toshmuhammad Aliyevich Sarimsoqov (1947–1952)
* Tesha Zohidovich Zohidov (1952–1956)
* Habib Muhammadovich Abdullayev (1956–1962)
* Ubay Arifovich Orifov (1962–1966)
* Obid Sodyqovich Sodyqov (1966–1984)
* Pulat Qirgizboyevich Habibullayev (1984–1988)
* Mahmud Salohitdinovich Salohitdinov (1988–1994)
* Jura Adbdullayevich Abdullayev (1994–1995)
* Tukhtamurod Jurayevich Jurayev (1995–2000)
* Behzod Sodiqovich Yoʻldoshev (2000–2005)
* Tohir Fotihovich Oripov (2005–2006)
* Shavkat Ismoilovich Salihov (2006–2016)
* Behzod Sodiqovich Yoʻldoshev (2016–2024)
* Shavkat Ayupov (2024 - )
# Commune of Bugarama

Bugarama is a commune of Rumonge Province in Burundi. The seat lies at Bugarama.

## 2020 attack

Between August 23 and 24, 2020, militants from RED-Tabara attacked the city of Bugarama, Burundi, resulting in the death of eleven civilians and five militants. Several RED-Tabara militants, including the commander of the Bugarama attack, were arrested in Rwanda on September 29. They claimed that the Bugarama attack was against Burundian forces and Imbonerakure.

## Flooding

In December 2023 heavy rains flooded hundreds of hectares of crop fields and caused landslides in the communes of Bugarama and Muhuta.
# James Ellington (politician)

James Ellington (born December 5, 1943) is an American Republican politician. From 1988 to 2012 he served as member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 73rd District.
# Jamaica at the 1968 Summer Olympics

Jamaica competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Silver | Lennox Miller | Athletics | Men's 100 metres | October 14 |
# Stumm

Stumm is a municipality in the Schwaz district in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Geography

Stumm lies in the central Ziller valley on the right bank of the Ziller.

## Gallery

* Angerer, Bäckerei, gegr. 1700 (Angerer, bakery, founded in 1700)
# Mike Jacobs (American football)

Michael R. Jacobs (born May 9, 1979) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Mercer University, a position he has held since 2024. He was the head football coach for Lenoir–Rhyne University from 2020 to 2023. He was the head coach for the Notre Dame Falcons football team from 2016 to 2019. He also coached for Eastern Michigan, Wilmington, Purdue, and California (PA). He played college football for Ohio State as an offensive lineman and long snapper.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs | AFCA$^#$ | D2$^°$ |
| Notre Dame Falcons (Mountain East Conference) (2016–2019) ||||||||
| 2016 | Notre Dame | 9–2 | 8–2 | 2nd | | | |
| 2017 | Notre Dame | 8–3 | 8–2 | T–2nd | | | |
| 2018 | Notre Dame | 13–1 | 10–1 | 1st | L NCAA Division II Seminfinal | 4 | |
| 2019 | Notre Dame | 12–2 | 9–1 | 1st | L NCAA Division II Quarterfinal | 10 | |
| Notre Dame: | Notre Dame: | 42–8 | 35–6 | | | | |
| Lenoir–Rhyne Bears (South Atlantic Conference) (2020–2023) ||||||||
| 2020–21 | Lenoir–Rhyne | 3–1 | 3–0 | 1st (Piedmont) | | | |
| 2021 | Lenoir–Rhyne | 8–3 | 6–2 | T–2nd | L NCAA Division II First Round | | |
| 2022 | Lenoir–Rhyne | 8–3 | 7–2 | T–1st (Piedmont) | | | |
| 2023 | Lenoir–Rhyne | 13–2 | 8–1 | 1st (Piedmont) | L NCAA Division II Semifinal | 4 | 7 |
| Lenoir–Rhyne: | Lenoir–Rhyne: | 32–9 | 24–5 | | | | |
| Mercer Bears (Southern Conference) (2024–present) ||||||||
| 2024 | Mercer | 11–3 | 7–1 | 1st | L NCAA Division I FCS Quarterfinal | | |
| Mercer: | Mercer: | 11–3 | 7–1 | | | | |
| Total: | Total: | 85–20 | | | | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||||
# Albert Naumann

Albert Naumann (19 May 1875 – 14 July 1952) was a German fencer. He competed at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics.
# Gorda plate

The Gorda plate, located beneath the Pacific Ocean off the coast of northern California, is one of the northern remnants of the Farallon plate. It is sometimes referred to (by, for example, publications from the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program) as simply the southernmost portion of the neighboring Juan de Fuca plate, another Farallon remnant.
Unlike most tectonic plates, the Gorda plate experiences significant intraplate deformation inside its boundaries. Numerous faults have been mapped in both the sediments and basement of the Gorda Basin, which is in the interior of the plate south of 41.6°N. Stresses from the neighboring North American plate and Pacific plate cause frequent earthquakes in the interior of the plate, including the 1980 Eureka earthquake (also known as the Gorda Basin event).
The easterly side is the Cascadia subduction zone where the plate subducts under the North American plate in northern California. The southerly side is a transform boundary with the Pacific plate along the Mendocino Fault. The westerly side is a divergent boundary with the Pacific plate forming the Gorda Ridge. This ridge provides morphological evidence of differing spreading rates, with the northern portion of the ridge being narrow, and the southern portion being wide. The northerly side is a transform boundary with the Juan de Fuca plate, the Blanco fracture zone.
The subducting Gorda plate is connected with the volcanoes in northern California, namely, Mount Shasta and Lassen Peak. Lassen Peak last erupted in 1914–1917.