OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tetrahydropyran

Tetrahydropyran (THP) is the organic compound consisting of a saturated six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is named by reference to pyran, which contains two double bonds, and may be produced from it by adding four hydrogens. In 2013, its preferred IUPAC name was established as oxane. The compound is a colourless volatile liquid. Derivatives of tetrahydropyran are, however, more common. 2-Tetrahydropyranyl (THP-) ethers derived from the reaction of alcohols and 3,4-dihydropyran are commonly used as protecting groups in organic synthesis. Furthermore, a tetrahydropyran ring system, i.e., five carbon atoms and an oxygen, is the core of pyranose sugars, such as glucose.

## Structure and preparation

In gas phase, the THP exists in its lowest energy C$_s$ symmetry chair conformation.
One classic procedure for the organic synthesis of tetrahydropyran is by hydrogenation of the 3,4-isomer of dihydropyran with Raney nickel.

## Tetrahydropyranyl derivatives

Although tetrahydropyran is an obscure compound, tetrahydropyranyl ethers are commonly used in organic synthesis. Specifically, the 2-tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group is a common protecting group for alcohols. Alcohols react with 3,4-dihydropyran to give 2-tetrahydropyranyl ethers. These ethers are resilient to a variety of reactions. The alcohol can later be restored by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. This hydrolysis reforms the parent alcohol as well as 5-hydroxypentanal. THP ethers derived from chiral alcohols form diastereomers. Another undesirable feature is that the ethers display complex NMR spectra, which interfere with analysis.
    Protection of alcohol as THP ether followed by deprotection. Both steps require acid catalysts.
In a typical procedure, the alcohol is treated with 3,4-dihydropyran and p-toluenesulfonic acid in dichloromethane at ambient temperature.
Alternatively, the THP ether can be generated under the conditions akin to those for the Mitsunobu reaction. Thus the alcohol is treated with 2-hydroxytetrahydropyranyl, triphenylphosphine, and diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) in tetrahydrofuran (THF).
Commonly, THP ethers are deprotected using acetic acid in a THF/water solution, p-toluenesulfonic acid in water, or Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) in ethanol.

## Oxanes

Oxanes are the class of hexic cyclic ether rings with tetrahydropyran as the root chemical. Oxanes have one or more carbon atoms replaced with an oxygen atom. The IUPAC preferred name for tetrahydropyran is now oxane.
Oxane is also the brand name for cis-2-methyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane, a commercial fragrance.
# Kōsuke Ukai

Kōsuke Ukai (鵜飼航丞, Ukai Kōsuke, born May 30, 1999) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He is an outfielder for the Chunichi Dragons of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
# PJ1 TrackBite

PJ1 TrackBite (formerly known as VHT TrackBite or simply VHT) is a custom formulated synthetic resin, typically black in color, used in drag racing to either increase the traction of a car's tires or as a sealer for newly ground and/or resurfaced race tracks. It stays sticky for weeks, has fire-retardant properties, and is hydrophobic. It has been used in professional racing since 1972.
The TrackBite that the National Hot Rod Association uses is yellowish in color and is diluted with methanol for optimal effect.
The compound originated as a high temperature coating made for NASA by the Sperex Corporation. VHT, a brand owned by Sperex, began offering it for sale commercially. It was taken up by drag racers, and Sperex soon began producing formulations specially made for the sport. Sperex was purchased in 1989 by businessman P. J. Harvey and is now part of PJH Brands.

## PJ1 in non-drag racing applications

Oval tracks also use TrackBite to provide extra traction in the corners of what would otherwise be a "one groove racetrack".
Its use was prohibited by NASCAR in 2010 to reduce the amount of chemicals used at its events. However, it was used at Bristol Motor Speedway in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Due to its frequent use in recent years at Bristol, TrackBite is often called "Bristol Bite." At Bristol it is used on the bottom of the track in an attempt to restore racing in the bottom groove that has been lost with changes to the banking in 2007 and 2012. Bristol and Charlotte both have regular TrackBite treatment trucks for their drag strips to prepare their tracks for their regular NHRA regional events along with their national events. Bristol's concrete surface uses the treatment similarly to the launch pad for the drag strip, which is concrete.
For IndyCar, PJ1 causes various problems on the racetrack. The combination of lighter vehicles, harder tire compounds, and PJ1 results in less grip. Since the racing drivers avoid surfaces with PJ1 during the race, marbles from tire wear collect there. This leads to a slippery lane. In the IndyCar races of 2019, 2020, and 2021 at Texas Motor Speedway, this resulted in incidents attributable to PJ1.
Formula One had an issue at the 2012 German Grand Prix with PJ1. Drivers were consistently using the treated sections of the Sudkurve, which doubles as the launch pad for the drag strip at Hockenheimring, to gain traction. That led to sandblasting of the circuit to remove the PJ1. The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile was forced to cancel championship status of the European Drag Racing Championship round at Hockenheimring as professional categories were having issues with the cleaned circuit, even after it was reprepped. At the 2019 German Grand Prix, rain during the race led to numerous incidents when drivers slipped and crashed after running into the slick, PJ1-treated part of Hockenheim.
The following tracks used or are still using PJ1:
* Bristol Motor Speedway (2016)
* Charlotte Motor Speedway (2017)
* New Hampshire Motor Speedway (2017)
* Michigan International Speedway (2019)
* Texas Motor Speedway (2019)
* Pocono Raceway (2019)
* Phoenix Raceway (2021)
# Bob DeWeese (politician)

Bobby Miller DeWeese (November 8, 1934 – November 25, 2020) was an American politician and physician who served as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1993 to 2017, representing the 48th district.
DeWeese was first elected to the house in 1992 when incumbent representative Susan Stokes retired to run for congress. He did not seek reelection in 2016.
He was the Republican Minority Caucus Chair. DeWeese attended the University of Kentucky for a Bachelor of Science degree, and the University of Louisville for his M.D. He was a general surgeon and both a member and president of the Jefferson County Medical Society, in addition to the Kentucky and American Medical Association. He received the Dr. Nathan Davis Award from the American Medical Association. He is married to Angela for 62 years and had four children.
Committees he served on:
* Appropriations and Revenue Committee
* House Budget Review Subcommittee on Human Resources
* House Economic Development Committee
* House Health and Welfare Committee
* House Rules Committee
* Legislative Research Commission Committee
* Medicaid Oversight and Advisory Committee
DeWeese died on November 25, 2020, at the age of 86.
# Nathaniel Butler Jr.

Nathaniel J. Butler (May 22, 1853 – March 3, 1927) was the 12th President of Colby College, Maine, United States from 1896 to 1901.

## Early life

Butler was born in Eastport, Maine, to Rev. Nathaniel and Jeanne Emery Butler. He was educated at Camden High School and Coburn Classical Institute, and graduated from Colby College in 1873.

## Career

From 1873 to 1876 he was associate principal of the Ferry Hall Female College. From 1876 to 1879 was associate principal of a similar institution at Highland Hall College, Highland Park, Ill. William Rainey Harper called him to the professorship of English Literature at the Old University of Chicago in 1884, where he was also a professor of Latin. From 1889 to 1892 he was a professor of English at The University of Illinois, but after 3 years he returned to the Old University of Chicago as director of university extension. That institution closed in 1896, at which time he was called to Colby College.

## Presidency

He was called to the presidency of Colby College in 1896. In 1899, the Maine Legislature obliged his request to change the name of the institution from Colby University to Colby College. He remained at the head of this institution until 1901.

## Post-presidency

In 1901 he became professor of education and director of cooperating work in The University of Chicago. He served as Dean of Education at Chicago between the departure of John Dewey in 1904 and the arrival of Charles Hubbard Judd in 1909. He received the degree of D. D. from Colby College in 1895. Dr. Butler was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa society, and of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He represented The University of Chicago at the University Extension Congress, held in London, England, in 1894. He was widely known as a writer and lecturer.
Nathaniel Butler died at his home in Chicago on March 3, 1927.

## Published works

* Bellum helveticum: For Beginners In Latin. Wheaton College Press, Chicago, IL, 1894. 306 pp.
# Alanson Hodges Hough

Alanson Hodges Hough (October 26, 1803 – August 18, 1886) was an American physician and politician.
Hough was born in Bozrah, Connecticut, October 26, 1803, and worked in early life upon his father's farm. His skill in nursing a sick brother led Dr. Samuel Johnson, of Bozrah, to assist him in the study of medicine. He attended lectures at the Berkshire Medical College, in Pittsfield, Mass, as well as at Yale Medical School, where he graduated in 1832. On receiving his diploma he settled in Essex, then a parish in Saybrook, Conn., where he continued until his death, on August 18, 1886, in his 83rd year. He was a member of the Baptist Church in Essex, and a deacon therein from 1840 until his death. He was elected to the Connecticut State Senate in 1855 His first wife, Mary Lathrop, died in 1833, leaving no children. His second wife, Susan E. Williams, of Essex, died November 15, 1872, leaving seven children.
This article incorporates public domain material from the 1888 Yale Obituary Record.
# Carmine Vingo

Carmine Vingo (December 28, 1929 – June 2, 2015) was a world ranked heavyweight boxer best remembered for his career-ending bout with future world heavyweight champion Rocky Marciano, culminating in his knockout and resulting brain injury.

## Professional career

Nicknamed 'Bingo Vingo' for his willingness to take chances to win in the ring, Vingo started his career by winning 16 of his first 17 professional bouts, losing only a questionable decision to undefeated Brooklyn heavyweight prospect Joe Lindsay in White Plains, New York, in 1948. Vingo won 12 consecutive fights, including a unanimous decision over highly regarded 16–2 contender Joe Modzele on a boxing card at Yankee Stadium in August 1949. A second round knockout of Al Robinson at Sunnyside Garden Arena in Queens, New York, propelled Vingo into the world heavyweight rankings, and a crossroads bout with rising star Rocky Marciano.

### Fight with Rocky Marciano

On December 30, 1949, at Madison Square Garden, Vingo, then 16–1, and Marciano, 24–0, fought a slugfest. Marciano put Vingo down in the first and second rounds. Vingo fought back well, and by the end of the fifth round, was hurting Marciano with right hand power shots, and seemed to be gaining momentum. Marciano would later describe his bout with Vingo as "The toughest fight of my career."
At 1:46 of round six, Vingo was knocked out by an uppercut. Unconscious, he was carried on a stretcher to a hospital two blocks away as no ambulance was available at the scene. Marciano paced the corridors of the hospital, praying for Vingo's life, in what became a public media event. Administered last rites by a priest, and given only a 50–50 chance of survival after slipping into a coma, Vingo underwent brain surgery, eventually recovering and returning home from the hospital two months later in February 1950. His left side was slightly paralyzed and his vision was affected in both eyes, ending his promising boxing career. Marciano waited for Vingo to recover before resuming his career.

## Life after boxing

Following the end of his boxing career, Vingo married his high school sweetheart and worked at an office building on Broadway in Manhattan as a 'security porter' (a combination of both positions) for many years.

### Friendship with Rocky Marciano

After his health improved, Vingo visited Rocky Marciano's training camps, attended Rocky Marciano's wedding as an invited guest, and attended Rocky's second fight with Jersey Joe Walcott as Marciano's guest in May 1953. In September 1969, Vingo attended the funeral of Rocky Marciano in Florida at his own expense. In a 1971 interview, Vingo described Marciano as "One of the nicest guys you'd ever want to talk to."

## Death

Vingo died on June 2, 2015, at age 85 of natural causes in Bronx, New York.
# Teatro Masini, Faenza

The Teatro Angelo Masini is an opera house located on Piazza Nenni in central Faenza, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
The structure was built during 1780–1787 to replace the antecedent and smaller Teatro dell'Accademia dei Remoti which had been located in the Palazzo del Podestà. The Academy of the Remote had been originally been founded in 1673 as a literary and erudite society. Meeting in the Palazzo del Podesta, in 1714 they decided to erect a small crowded theater in their meeting hall with three orders, designed by Carlo Cesare Scaletta and inaugurated on 21 June 1723. But the seating began to fall into ruin, and alternate plans were commissioned. The architect Giuseppe Pistocchi had suggested to build a new theater in the Podesta, but the location was moved to this courtyard-piazza for this theater. Much of the funding was provided by the municipality. The inaugural performances included two ballets and the opera Caio Ostilio by Francesco Bianchi.
In 1826, it underwent its first refurbishment under Filippo Antolini and Antonio Argnani. The refurbishment cleaned some of the soot created by the lamps, and modified the central balcony seats which had double height. Pasquale Saviotti in 1827 painted a new theater curtain (sipario). In 1850-1853 and 1869, other refurbishments were pursued. More recent refurbishment in the 1990s updated numerous safety features.
In 1903, the name of the theater was changed in honor of the famous opera tenor Angelo Masini (1844-1926). The interior of the theater has a series of bas-reliefs in terracotta depicting events from classic mythology and Ancient Roman history. At the highest register are a series of statues also by Gaetano Trentanove depicting individuals from the classic myths.
A long gallery, still called the Galleria or the Ridotto dei Cento Pacific, was built along the facade. The Cento or hundred refers to an oligarchy of magnates and magistrates which pacified the town during the conflicts between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. This oligarchic congregation was abolished in 1797 by the Napoleonic government, who feared its opposition. The gallery links the theater and a wing of Palazzo Manfredi which runs along Corso Mazzini. The gallery was frescoed by Felice Giani and Serafino Barassi.
# Frederick T. West

Frederick T. West (July 6, 1893 – January 18, 1989) was an American orthodontist and a graduate of Dewey School of Orthodontia. He was a former president of American Association of Orthodontists in 1954 and was selected 5th ever honorary member of Edward Angle Society of Orthodontists in 1965.

## Life

He was born in Sacramento, California, and attended Christian Brothers High School (Sacramento, California) in 1910. He attended Saint Mary's College of California, where he received his college degree in 1914. He then attended College of Physicians and Surgeons Dental School in San Francisco and graduated in 1917. After this he continued his studies at the Dewey School of Orthodontia, where he learned orthodontics for six weeks. In 1919, he started teaching at the Physicians and Surgeons School, where he served as a faculty member for 43 years. The school later changed its name to University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry after the school survived a financial disaster in 1923 which West saved the school from closing by loaning the school money.

## Career

West became the curator of a library which held Dr. Spencer Atkinson's collection of 15,000 skulls. In 1982 he received Albert H. Ketcham Memorial award, which is the highest honor in the field of orthodontics. University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry hosts annual lecture series in the honor of Dr. West.
# Druzhnaya Station

Druzhnaya Station is any one of four different Antarctic research stations operated by the Soviet Union and later Russia from 1976 to 2013.

## Druzhnaya I

Druzhnaya I was established in 1975 as seasonal field camps on the Filchner Ice Shelf to carry out topographic and geodetic mapping of the local area.
In 1986, satellite images revealed ice breakup near Druzhnaya I. It drifted to sea in 1986 when the ice it was on broke from the main ice shelf as iceberg A23a. It was later discovered at sea by the ship Kapitan Kondratyev. Its equipment and prefabricated structures were airlifted to Druzhnaya III shortly after its construction.

## Druzhnaya II

Druzhnaya II was a temporary field camp that operated from January 13 to February 21, 1982, on the Ronne Ice Shelf. It supported in the carrying out of radar sounding of the ice shelf.

## Druzhnaya III

Druzhnaya III was established in 1987 near Cape Norvegia. The station was constructed in two weeks. Kapitan Kondratyev offloaded materials for the station immediately before proceeding to its Druzhnaya I salvage mission. It was closed in 1991.

## Druzhnaya IV

Druzhnaya IV was established in 1987 near Sandefjord Bay (Coronation Island). Its main purposes were the logistic support to Soyuz Station and assistance with the creation of the Progress Station. It operated every summer season from 1991. It was last used in the summer of 2015.
# Pasheh Dan, Rostam

Pasheh Dan (Persian: پشه دان, also Romanized as Pasheh Dān; also known as Pīsheh Dān) is a village in Poshtkuh-e Rostam Rural District, Sorna District, Rostam County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20, in 5 families.
# Beki River

Beki River (also known as the Kurissu River in Bhutan, Assamese: বেকী নদী) is one of the right bank tributaries of the mighty Brahmaputra River, which flows down from the Bhutan region but a large portion flows in Indian state Assam. It touches flows from Bhutan touching Mathanguri, Naranguri, Khusrabari, Valaguri, Mainamata, Udalguri, Barpeta Road, Nichukha, Sorbhog, Kalgachia, Balaipathar, Kharballi, Bardanga, Kamarpara, Srirampur, Daoukmari, Jania, Chanpur, Rubi, Sawpur, Gobindapur, Moinbari and Balikuri. There are views of the river and its surroundings from the bridges situated on NH no- 31.

## Etymology

Beki is Boro origin. Bengkhi(Bodo: बेंखी) means feminine form of Bent.

## Origin

Beki River, also known as Kurissu River in Bhutan, lies between 26° 20' 00" N; 90° 56' 00" E which comes from Himalayan glacier. Bhutan has several major river systems flowing swiftly out of the Himalayas that are fed by glaciers in northern Bhutan. They flow south and join the Brahmaputra River basin in India. The Brahmaputra flows into Bangladesh and drains into the Bay of Bengal.

## Soil erosion

The soil erosion of Beki river has become a major problem of flowing two districts Barpeta and Baksa of Assam.
# Shunta Gotoh

Shunta Gotoh (後藤 駿太, Gotō Shunta, born March 5, 1993 in Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan) also known as Shunta (駿太) is a Japanese professional baseball outfielder for the Chunichi Dragons in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
# Sallie House

The Sallie House is a haunted house and tourist attraction located in Atchison, Kansas. The house dates back to the mid-1800s, and is said to be haunted by the ghost of a young girl named Sallie, though Sallie is also thought to be a facade for something more demonic. The house has been vacant since the 1990s.

## History

The Sallie House was built in the mid-1800s, commissioned by the Finney family and home to Dr. Charles Finney. Some believe Dr. Finney practiced medicine from the house, using the bottom floor for surgery and examination, and a bedroom as an office. The Finney family lived upstairs until moving out due to a lack of space. However, the layout and floor plan of the house does not suggest this theory.
The house was listed on the real estate website Zillow for $1 million in February 2016, dropped to $499,000 in August, and taken off market in November 2017.

## Haunting

The Sallie House is reported to be haunted by the ghost of a young girl who died there. According to legend, a child named Sallie was brought to Dr. Finney's house by her mother for severe abdominal pain. He gave her anesthesia and began emergency surgery, as he believed that Sallie's appendix was about to rupture; however, he made the first incision before the anesthesia kicked in. As he continued surgery, Sallie was screaming from pain and bled out, which ended up killing her. However, there is no physical evidence of a Sallie living or dying on the property and it has been said that the Mayor made the story up as a publicity stunt to attract more visitors to the city of Atchison, Kansas.
Multiple former tenants have alleged paranormal activity there. It has been especially reported by male residents and visitors, some of whom have claimed to have been scratched until they bled, which has led to Sallie being dubbed "The Man Hating Ghost". This could be because the last thing Sallie saw before death was the male doctor, whom she believed was torturing her.
In the 1990s, the house was featured on the paranormal investigations television show Sightings. Former residents appeared on the show A Haunting in 2006 and on Paranormal Witness in 2013. On January 17, 2015, it appeared on an episode of the Travel Channel series Ghost Adventures. It has been featured twice on the show Buzzfeed Unsolved: Supernatural; first in Season 1 Episode 3 in 2016, and again in the final episode of the show, Season 7 Episode 6, in 2021.
# Billy Watson (footballer, born 1890)

William Watson (born Richard Watson; 11 September 1890 – 1 September 1955) was an English international footballer who played as a wing half in The Football League either side of World War I.
He made over 340 league appearances for Burnley, and was capped on three occasions by England.
Outside football he was an ironmonger and also worked in his father's trade of painter and decorator. In World War I he served with the Royal Army Service Corps and was later a local councillor for the Liberal Party in his hometown of Southport.
# Arnold Morgado

Arnold T. Morgado Jr. (born March 27, 1952) was a professional football running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Kansas City Chiefs. He graduated from Punahou School in 1971; in 1994, he was inducted into the Punahou Athletic Hall of Fame.
Morgado later entered politics, serving in the Hawaii House of Representatives and then on the Honolulu City Council as its chairman.