OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gelasian

The Gelasian is an age in the international geologic timescale or a stage in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest or lowest subdivision of the Quaternary Period/System and Pleistocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and 1.80 Ma. It follows the Piacenzian Stage (part of the Pliocene) and is followed by the Calabrian Stage.

## Definition

The Gelasian was introduced in the geologic timescale in 1998. It is named after the Sicilian city of Gela in the south of the island. In 2009 it was moved from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene so that the geologic time scale would be more consistent with the key changes in Earth's climate, oceans, and biota that occurred 2.58 million years ago.
The base of the Gelasian is defined magnetostratigraphically as the base of the Matuyama (C2r) chronozone (at the Gauss-Matuyama magnetostratigraphic boundary), isotopic stage 103. Above this line notable extinctions of the calcareous nannofossils occur: Discoaster pentaradiatus and Discoaster surculus. The GSSP for the Gelasian is located at the Monte Sant Nicola near Gela.
The top of the Gelasian is defined magnetostratigraphically as the end of the Olduvai (C2n) chronozone, and faunally as the extinction level of the calcareous nannofossil Discoaster brouweri (base of biozone CN13). Above the Gelasian as the first occurrences of the calcareous nanofossil Gephyrocapsa sp. and the extinction level of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides extremus

## Climate

During the Gelasian the ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere began to grow, which is seen as the beginning of the Quaternary ice age. Deep sea core samples have identified approximately 40 marine isotope stages (MIS 103 – MIS 64) during the age. Thus, there have probably been about 20 glacial cycles of varying intensity during the Gelasian.

## Europe

In the regional glacial history of the Alps, this age is now called Biber. It corresponds to Pre-Tegelen and Tegelen in Northern Europe.
During the Gelasian, the Red Crag Formation of Butley, the Newbourn Crag, the Norwich Crag Formation and the Weybourne Crag Formation (all from East Anglia, England) were deposited. The Gelasian is an equivalent of the Praetiglian and Tiglian Stages as defined in the Netherlands, which are commonly used in northwestern Europe.
# Isaac Goldemberg

Isaac Goldemberg (born 1945) is a Peruvian-American author, founder of the Latin American Writers Institute, Brújula/Compass, and "Hostos Review", and a Distinguished Professor of Humanities at Hostos Community College. Goldemberg was born in Peru, and immigrated to New York City, where he currently lives, in 1964. He is a fellow member of the North American Academy of the Spanish Language.
His novel The Fragmented Life of Don Jacobo Lerner, was chosen by the National Yiddish Book Center as, "one of the 100 greatest Jewish Books of the last 150 years." The book tells the story of the life of Jacobo Lerner, a Jewish merchant, who immigrates to Peru from Eastern Europe. Jacobo has an illegitimate son, Efraín, by a Christian woman who he later abandons and thus never knows his son. Jacobo ultimately fails to achieve his goal of creating a traditional Jewish family before he dies, having been rejected by the respectable Miriam Abramowitz. Thematically, the novel presents an examination of Jewish identity and anti-Semitism. The book is divided into chapters which consist of vignettes written in the voices of the characters and an omnipotent narrator, as well as "Crónicas", and excerpts from Alma Hebrea, a publication of the Jewish community in the novel, which features writings by the characters

## Selected bibliography

* Tiempo de silencio (1970)
* De Chepén a La Habana (1973)
* "The Fragmented Life of Don jacobo Lerner* (1976)
* La vida a plazos de don Jacobo Lerner (1978)
* Hombre de paso/Just Passing Through" (1981)
* "Tiempo al tiempo" (1984)
* "Play by Play" (1986)
* "La vida al contado" (1992)
* "El gran libro de América judía" (1998)
* "Peruvian blues" (2001)
* El nombre de padre (2001)
* "Hotel AmériKKa" (2002)
* Los autorretratos y las máscaras/Self-Portraits and Masks (2002)
* Golpe de gracia (2003)
* "Il nome del padre" (2003)
* Los Cementerios Reales (2004)
* La vida son los ríos (2005)
* "La vie a credit de Don Jacobo Lerner" (2005)
* Tierra de nadie (2006)
* "Monos azules en Times Square" (2008)
* "Acuérdate del escorpión" (2010);
* "La vida breve" (2012)
* "Diálogos conmigo y mis otros" (2013)
* Chepén, madre de arena (2015
* "Remember the Scorpion" (2015)
* "Dialoghi con me e con e miei altri" (2015)
* "Tiempo al tiempo" (2016)
* "Dialogues with Myself and My Others" (2016)
* "Ricordati lo scorpione" (2016)
* "Philosophy and Other Fables" (2016)
* "Libro de reclamaciones" (2018)
* "Sueño del insomnio/Dream of Insomnia" (2021)
* "El gusano saltarín y otros poemas/The Leaping Worm and Other Poems" (2023)
* "Libro de las Raíces/Saphi Libro" (2023)
# Carbost, Loch Harport

Carbost (Scottish Gaelic: Càrrabost) is a village on the southwest shore of Loch Harport on the Minginish peninsula of the Isle of Skye in Scotland.
Carbost becomes a tourist hub in summer months due to the presence of the Talisker Distillery which is also one of the main employers in the village along with the local pub, The Old Inn.
Along the main road there is a community run grocery and provisions store and a coffee shop, Caora Dhubh (which means "Black Sheep" in Scottish Gaelic.) North of the distillery, Carbost Waterfront provides access to the water via a Pier, slipway and pontoons. Moorings are provided for residents and visitors with fishing boats, yachts and other recreational craft. These facilities are maintained by a community company which is expanding the facilities, including mains water to the pier & pontoons.
Carbost lies eight miles (thirteen kilometres) from Glen Brittle Fairy Pools, three miles (five kilometres) from Portnalong and four miles (six kilometres) from Fiskavaig.
Carbost falls under the Highland council area. It is in the UK Parliamentary constituency of Ross, Skye and Lochaber, whose MP is the SNP's Ian Blackford, and the Scottish Parliament constituency of Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch, which is in the Highlands and Islands electoral region and whose MSP is the former Scottish Government minister Kate Forbes of the SNP.
# Carole Lynne

Helen Violet Carolyn Delfont, Baroness Delfont (née Heyman; 16 September 1918 – 17 January 2008), known professionally as Carole Lynne, was a British theatre actress, best known for her work in the 1940s and 1950s. Until his death, she was married to the impresario Lord Bernard Delfont, a prominent figure in the British entertainment industry.

## Early life

Helen Violet Carolyn Heyman was born in Rochester, Kent on 16 September 1918. She made her stage acting debut at the age of 18 at His Majesty's Theatre as a chorus member in the production of Paprika, a Hungarian musical romance.
Her first husband was actor Derek Farr, whom she married in June 1939. The marriage ended in divorce. She married her second husband, Bernard Delfont, in 1946. They had met in 1942 when Richard Tauber cast her as Mary Fenton in Delfont's production of Old Chelsea. Tauber was best man at their wedding. Delfont was from a family of prominent people in the entertainment industry, who included his brothers, Lew Grade and Leslie Grade. The couple were together until Delfont's death in 1994.

## Career

Lynne was best known for headlining many theatre productions in London's West End during the 1940s and 1950s. Her film credits included The Ghost Train, a 1941 comic horror film starring Arthur Askey and Asking for Trouble, a 1942 Max Miller film. She retired from stage acting in the mid-1950s.
Her husband was knighted in 1974 for his charitable work, and created a life peer as Baron Delfont in 1976.
Lynne remained closely associated with entertainment-related charities throughout her life. She was the life governor of the Entertainment Artistes' Benevolent Fund, of which her husband, Lord Delfont, was life president.
She made her last television appearance in 1994 on an episode of This Is Your Life, which was featuring actress Pat Kirkwood. Lynne and Kirkwood had co-starred in Black Velvet at the London Hippodrome in 1939. Her performance with Kirkwood was one of her biggest successes. She was also in the Royal Box with Prince Charles at the 1994 Royal Variety Performance where Shirley Bassey was top of the bill.

## Death

Carole Lynne died at her home in Sussex, England, on 17 January 2008 at the age of 89, of motor neurone disease. She was survived by her son and two daughters.

## Selected stage credits

* Jenny Jones (1944)
# Triodetic dome

A Triodetic dome is a type of geodesic dome whose space frame is constructed using Triodetic connectors, invented in 1955 by the Canadian Arthur E. Fentiman.

## History

Triodetic connectors were invented in 1955 by the Canadian Arthur E. Fentiman (1918–93), and patented in 1958. The system was developed further by A. E. Fentiman's brother, Harold Gordon ("Bud") Fentiman (1921–86) and was in commercial use by 1960. Triodetic Structures Ltd was established in 1962 to market the system; the Fentiman family sold the company in 1977.

## Description

The connector consists of a hub, usually of aluminium, with up to twelve slots into which tubes (the axial members) can be inserted. The assemblage is stabilized by a central bolt with a washer (through the middle of the hub). It is generally used with aluminium tubes, but stainless steel was introduced in 1966. The tubes do not require bolting or welding together, and the frame can be put together by non-specialists using basic equipment.
Various shapes in addition to domes are possible, including barrel vaults, pyramids and hyperbolic paraboloids. Recent applications of the system have included as foundations for building, which can function on permafrost.

## Examples of Triodetic structures

Canada
* Netherlands pavilion at Expo 67, Montreal, designed by Walter Eykelenboom (1967)
* Bloedel Floral Conservatory, Vancouver, British Columbia (1968)
* Rainbow Stage, Winnipeg, Manitoba (1970)
* Cinesphere, Toronto, Ontario (1971)
* Research hut on Mount Logan, Yukon (1977)
* Metro Toronto Zoo pavilions (1972)
* Niagara Falls Marineland (1974)
* Royal Tyrrell Museum greenhouse, Drumheller, Alberta (1985)
* Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church, London, Ontario (2000)
United States
* Pavilion of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library, Boston, designed by I. M. Pei (1979)
* Turtle Dome (Strongheart Recreation Center), Grand Traverse, Michigan (c. 2001)
* Liberace Museum extension, Las Vegas (2002)
* The Strong National Museum of Play extension, Rochester, New York (2006)
Elsewhere
* Roman Catholic Church of St Joseph, Wool, Dorset, England (1969–71)
* Royal Botanic Garden plant house, Sydney, Australia (1974)
* Arts Centre Melbourne spire, designed by Roy Grounds (1980)
* Blue Mosque, Shah Alam, Malaysia (1988)
* Airport terminal, Havana, Cuba (1995)
* Canadian embassy, Cairo (2002)
# Herbert Franklin Sheldon

Herbert Franklin Sheldon (c. 1831–1917) was an American politician and real estate businessman in Ottawa, Kansas. He served as Ottawa's mayor and was a state senator.
Sheldon arrived in Ottawa in 1864. He was elected mayor of Ottawa in 1872. He also served as county clerk and register of deeds.
Sheldon rescued the hotel project that became Henry Hutchins Ludington's Ludington House Hotel in Ottawa and funded the building's completion. He built his residence next to it. It is now known as Gillette House and is part of Ottawa University. Built as a residence for Sheldon, it was used as a dormitory by the university and called Sheldon Hall. It is at 718 South Cedar Street.
Ludington House housed the First National Bank and a post office.
Sheldon was president of the Temperance League and was an advocate for prohibition, helping lead the effort that made the county "dry" in his lifetime.
The H. F. Sheldon building in Ottawa is 2-story Italianate brick building at 324 South Main Street was built in 1887. It is a contributing property to a historic district.
Sheldon wrote Reminiscences of My Dealings with Criminals in the Early History of Franklin County, Kansas in 1916.
He was a member of the Kansas State Senate in 1899. He was a Republican.
His first two wives and several children died. He was a trustee of Ottawa University. His brother Dwin M. Sheldon was a prominent businessman in Ottawa.
# Indian Academy of Highway Engineers

The Indian Academy of Highway Engineers (IAHE) is a training academy under the administrative control of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India. A collaborative body of the Central and State Governments, IAHE was set up in 1983 with the primary objective of fulfilling the long-standing need for training of Highway Engineers at the entry level and during the service at all levels.

## History

IAHE was originally registered as “Highway Training Institute” with the Registrar of Firms and Societies, Punjab, Chandigarh under the Societies Registration (Act XXI of 1860) and as amended by Punjab Amendment Act, 1957 as on 18 January 1983.
IAHE has been operationalized since April 1985 in a rented accommodation at Jor Bagh, New Delhi in the name of National Institute for Training of Highway Engineers (NITHE) till September 2001 and thereafter shifted to its own campus developed on 10 acres of land at Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh w.e.f. 01 October 2001.

## List of Directors

The list of Directors of Indian Academy of Highway Engineers (IAHE) is as follows:
# Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur

Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur (French pronunciation:) was an officer in the colonial regular troops (troupes de la marine), seigneur, and member of the Legislative Council of New France. Born on December 28, 1705, at Contrecœur, Quebec, son of Francois-Antoine Pécaudy de Contrecœur, a seigneur and officer in the colonial regulars, and Jeanne de Saint-Ours. Died on December 13, 1775, in Montreal, Quebec.
He was active in the establishment of French power in the Ohio Country, and was the commander of Fort Duquesne (at the site of modern Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) in 1755 when it was threatened by Edward Braddock. Born into a family with large landholdings in the Saint Lawrence River valley, he stayed in North America after the French and Indian War and its fall of New France to the British. He was called "the third most influential Canadian" by the British governor of the Province of Quebec, Guy Carleton.
# Battle of Peachtree Creek order of battle

The order of battle for the Battle of Peachtree Creek includes:
* Battle of Peachtree Creek order of battle: Confederate
* Battle of Peachtree Creek order of battle: Union
# Roscoe Dixon

Roscoe Dixon (September 20, 1949 – April 15, 2021) was an American politician in the state of Tennessee. Dixon lived in Memphis, Tennessee and was involved with the public relations business. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1978 to 1994 and in the Tennessee Senate from 1994 to 2005. He was arrested and charged in Operation Tennessee Waltz in 2005. Dixon was sentenced to 5 years and 3 months in prison on corruption charges. He died at the age of 71 on April 15, 2021, in a hospital, in Memphis, Tennessee.
# Gaius of Ephesus

Gaius of Ephesus (Greek: Γάϊος ό Εφέσιος) is numbered among the Seventy Disciples. He was Bishop of Ephesus (Romans 16:23). The Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church remember St. Gaius on January 4 among the Seventy, and on November 5.

## Possible reference in scripture

It has been suggested that this is the Gaius to whom the general epistle 3 John was addressed.

## Sources

St. Nikolai Velimirovic, The Prologue from Ohrid
# Judy Shapiro-Ikenberry

Judy Shapiro-Ikenberry (born September 3, 1942) is a former long-distance runner. Shapiro-Ikenberry won the 1967 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) Las Vegas Marathon, and was the first USA Marathon Championships winner for women in 1974, at the AAU National Women's Marathon. She also won the 1977 US National 50-Mile Track Ultramarathon Championship.

## Early and personal life

She was born Judy Shapiro in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish parents, and had two older brothers. Her father was an aeronautics engineer. Her family moved to Sunland-Tujunga, north-east of Los Angeles, in Southern California when she was one year old.
In 1965 she married Dennis Ikenberry, her coach, and in the late 1960s they adopted two children and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah; in 1971 they moved to San Bernardino, California. Shapiro-Ikenberry attended the University of California Riverside, and was Class of 1965. She now lives in Crestline, California.

## Running career

She had a 5th-place finish at the 1960 United States Olympic Trials in the 800 metres in Abilene, Texas. There, at 17 years of age she was the youngest runner.
At the 1961 USA National Track & Field Championships, she finished fourth in the 800m and fifth in the 400 metres.
She competed in the 1961 Maccabiah Games in Israel, winning a bronze medal in the 800 m.
Shapiro-Ikenberry won the 1967 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) Las Vegas Marathon, in 3:38.
In 1973, she won the Mission Bay Marathon in San Diego, California, in 3:00:05. In 1974 Shapiro-Ikenberry again won the race, at the 1974 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, this time in 2:54:08.
Shapiro-Ikenberry was the first USA Marathon Championships winner for women in 1974, at the AAU National Women's Marathon in San Mateo, California, with a time of 2:55:17.
In 1977, she won the US National 50-Mile Track Ultramarathon Championship.

## Halls of Fame

Shapiro-Ikenberry was inducted into the University of California Riverside Athletics Hall of Fame in 1992. In 2013, she was inducted into the Multi-Ethnic Sports Hall of Fame. She was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2020.
# Bob Hawks (Tennessee politician)

Robert Edward Hawks (August 1, 1926 – January 31, 2004) was an American politician in the state of Tennessee.

## Life and career

Robert Edward Hawks was born in Memphis, Tennessee on August 1, 1926. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1967 to 1972. A Democrat, he represented Shelby County, Tennessee (District 16) and owned a moving company, Bob Hawks Movers, Inc..
Hawks died in Memphis on January 31, 2004, at the age of 77.
# Robert S. Stallings

Robert Samuel Stallings (August 15, 1927 – June 6, 2012) was an American politician in the state of Tennessee. Stallings served in the Tennessee House of Representatives as a Democrat from the 80th District from 1975 to 1991 (89th, 90th, 91st, 92nd, 93rd, 94th, 95th and 96th General Assemblies). A native of Bolivar, Tennessee, he was an agricultural product dealer. He was succeeded by Republican Page Walley.
# Yoo Jeong-bok

Yoo Jeong-bok (Korean: 유정복; Hanja: 劉正福; born 17 June 1957) is a South Korean public servant and politician who is the current mayor of Incheon since July 1, 2022 and was also from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2018.

## Life

Yoo Jeong-bok was born on 17 June 1957, in Songrim-dong of Dong District, Incheon. His parents were Internally displaced person from Cheongdan area, Hwanghae Province
He passed the civil service exam in his last year of college. After serving in the military, he became a public servant. In 1994, he was appointed a mayor of Gimpo County. He agreed absorption of Geomdan Myeon into Incheon and appointed as a mayor of Seo District, Incheon, which absorbed Geomdan Myeon. In 1995, South Korea expanded local autonomy. He resigned to run for 1995 South Korean local elections and elected as a mayor of Gimpo County. In 1998, Gimpo County was promoted to Gimpo city. He served two terms for Mayor of Gimpo. After the loss in 2002 South Korean local elections, he was elected as a member of the National Assembly to represent Gimpo three times since 2004. In 2014, he resigned his seat in the National Assembly to run for Mayor of Incheon and elected. He lost in 2018 election but he was elected in 2022.
On 31 August 2022, he announced administrative reorganization plans for Incheon. Geomdan will become a new separate District from Seo District. Old downtown area of Jung District and Dong District District will be merged into Jemulpo District and Yeongjong-Yongyu will be an independent Yeongjong District. Mayors of Jung, Dong and Seo District agreed this proposal.
# Masters M75 200 metres world record progression

This is the progression of world record improvements of the 200 metres M75 division of Masters athletics.

## Key

Incomplete information  Wind aided  Pending  better indoor records
| Hand | Auto | Wind | Athlete | Nationality | Birthdate | Location | Date |
| | 27.03 i | | Robert Lida | United States | 11 November 1936 | Wichita | 12 January 2012 |
| | 27.64 i | | Robert Lida | United States | 11 November 1936 | Jyväskylä | 5 April 2012 |
| | 27.73 | -0.1 | Robert Lida | United States | 11 November 1936 | Lisle | 5 August 2012 |
| | 27.70 | -0.1 | Robert Lida | United States | 11 November 1936 | Topeka | 14 July 2012 |
| | 27.97 | 1.5 | Wolfgang Reuter | Germany | 12 August 1929 | Vaterstetten | 17 July 2005 |
| | 28.14 | | Payton Jordan | United States | 19 March 1917 | Eagle Rock | 20 June 1992 |
| | 28.60 | 1.2 | Fritz Assmy | Germany | 11 June 1915 | Budapest | 5 July 1990 |
| 29.5 | | | Josiah Packard | United States | 15 December 1903 | Santa Ana | 24 June 1979 |
| 31.7 | | | Herb Anderson$^{:178}$ | United States | | Gothenburg | 10 August 1977 |
# John Washington Butler

John Washington Butler (December 17, 1875 – September 24, 1952) was an American farmer and a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1923 to 1927, representing Macon, Trousdale, and Sumner counties. He is most noted for introducing the Butler Act, which prohibited teaching of evolution in public (i.e. state) schools (and which was challenged in the Scopes Trial). He was an admirer of William Jennings Bryan.
According to Butler,
   In the first place, the Bible is the foundation upon which our American Government is built. ... The evolutionist who denies the Biblical story of creation, as well as other Biblical accounts, cannot be a Christian. ... It goes hand in hand with Modernism, makes Jesus Christ a fakir, robs the Christian of his hope and undermines the foundation of our Government ...
# Sam R. Sells

Samuel Riley Sells (August 2, 1871 – November 2, 1935) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 1st congressional district of Tennessee.

## Biography

Sells was born on August 2, 1871, in Bristol, Tennessee, in Sullivan County son of George Washington and Mary Margaret McCrary. He attended the rural schools and King College in Bristol, Tennessee from 1895 to 1890. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Blountville, Tennessee. He served as a private in Company F, Third Regiment, Tennessee Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish–American War. He married Frances Rice Hayward on April 25, 1904, and they had four children, Samuel Hayward, Charlotte Wyman, Lucy McGuire, and Frank Hayward.

## Career

After moving to Johnson City, Tennessee, Sells engaged in the lumber business. He served as a member of the Tennessee Senate from 1909 to 1911.
Sells was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-second and to the four succeeding Congresses. He served from March 4, 1911, to March 3, 1921, and was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1920. During the Sixty-sixth Congress, he was the chairman of the United States House Committee on Pensions. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1912, 1916 and 1932.
Resuming the lumber business in Johnson City, Tennessee, Sells also engaged in the manufacturing of shale brick and in numerous other enterprises.

## Death

Sells died in Johnson City, Tennessee, on November 2, 1935 (age 64 years, 92 days). He is interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Johnson City.