# -ana

-ana (variant: -iana) is a suffix of Latin origin that is used in English to convert nouns, usually proper names into mass nouns, most commonly in order to refer to a collection of things, facts, stories, memorabilia, and anything else, that relate to a specific place, period, person, etc.
For instance, Americana is used to refer to things that are distinctive of the US, while Canadiana is for Canada; in literature, Shakespeareana and Dickensiana are similarly used in reference to items or stories related to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens, respectively.
The suffix -ana, -iana, or -eana have also often been used in the titles of musical works, as a way for a composer to pay tribute to an earlier composer or noted performer.

## History and lexicology

The suffix has been around since at least the 16th century, typically in book titles, with the first recorded use of -ana being between 1720 and 1730.
The recognition of the usage of -ana or -iana as a self-conscious literary construction, on the other hand, traces back to at least 1740, when it was mentioned in an edition of Scaligerana, a collection of table talk of Joseph Justus Scaliger, from around 150 years previously. By that period, Scaliger was described as "the father, so to speak, of all those books published under the title of -ana."
As grammatical construction, it is the neuter plural, nominative form of an adjective. So, from Scaliger is formed first the adjective Scaligeranus (Scaligeran), which is then put into the form of an abstract noun, Scaligerana (Scaligeran things). In Americana, a variant construction, the adjectival form already exists as Americanus, so it is simply a neuter plural (suffix –a on the stem American-); the case of Victoriana (things associated with the Victorian period) is superficially similar, but the Latin adjective form is Dog Latin.

## Derived terms
### Places

* Africana — things relating to Africa
* Americana — things relating to the United States
** Californiana — things relating to the state of California
** Floridiana — things relating to the state of Florida.
** Hawaiiana — things relating to the state of Hawaii and cultural artifacts of Native Hawaiians.
* Australiana — things relating to Australia
* Canadiana — things relating to Canada
* Europeana — things relating to Europe
* Flandrica — things relating to Flanders
* Filipiniana — things relating to the Philippines
* Kiwiana — things relating to New Zealand
* Rhodesiana — things relating to Rhodesia

### Literature

* Bondiana — items relating to James Bond.
* Dickensiana — items or stories related to Charles Dickens
* Forteana — things related to Charles Fort or anomalous phenomena
* Johnsoniana — the sayings or writings of Samuel Johnson
* Miltoniana — items or stories related to John Milton
* Shakespeareana — items or stories related to William Shakespeare.
* Sherlockiana — a broad term relating to memorabilia and non-canonical works of fiction about or referring to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes
* Thraliana — the name of a diary kept by Hester Thrale

### Other

* Absinthiana – accoutrements related to absinthe and its preparation.
* Arthuriana — things relating to King Arthur and Arthurian literature.
* Breweriana — collectables associated with a brewery or one of its brands, including beer cans, caps bottles, labels, mats, trays, and taps, as well as bottle openers, tin signs, and neon signs.
* Disneyana — items related to The Walt Disney Company, including collectibles, souvenirs, ephemera, and other items produced and/or licensed by Disney.
* Mozartiana — things relating to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
* Petroliana — collectibles relating to gas stations or the petroleum industry, including such items as old gas pumps, fuel advertisements, enamel or tin signs, oil cans, and road maps. (See also Automobilia)
* Railroadiana (or railwayana) — artifacts of currently- or formerly-operating railways.
* Tobacciana — things relating to tobacco, smoking, and the tobacco industry
* Trumpiana — materials or documents relating to Donald Trump
* Victoriana — items from or related to the Victorian era.

## Usage
### In literature

In 1718, Charles Gildon subtitled The Complete Art of Poetry with "Shakespeariana; or the most beautiful topicks, descriptions, and similes that occur throughout all Shakespear's plays."
In 1728, Jonathan Smedley had a work titled Gulliveriana: or a Fourth Volume of Miscellanies, being a sequel of the three volumes published by Pope and Swift, to which is added Alexanderiana, or a comparison between the ecclesiastical and poetical Popes and many things in verse and prose relating to the latter.
In 1842, John Wilson Croker, in reference to Samuel Johnson, published Johnsoniana: or, Supplement to Boswell.
Referring to John Milton, C. A. Moore titled a 1927 paper as "Miltoniana (1679–1741)".

### In music

The suffix -iana, -eana or -ana has often been used in the titles of musical works, as a way for a composer to pay tribute to an earlier composer or a noted performer.
Musical tributes with the suffix -ana, -iana, or -eana suffix :
| Work | Creator | Namesake |
| Albeniziana | Joan Gibert Camins | Isaac Albéniz |
| Bachianas Brasileiras | Heitor Villa-Lobos | Johann Sebastian Bach |
| Bartokiana | George Rochberg | Béla Bartók |
| Brahmsiana | Leonard Slatkin | Johannes Brahms |
| Fantasia Busoniana | John Ogdon | Ferruccio Busoni |
| Chopiniana | Alexander Glazunov | Frédéric Chopin |
| Cimarosiana | Gian Francesco Malipiero | Domenico Cimarosa |
| Ode Corelliana | Salvatore Di Vittorio | Arcangelo Corelli |
| Debussiana | James Rhinehart | Claude Debussy |
| Donizettiana | Myer Fredman | Gaetano Donizetti |
| Dussekiana | Eric Gross | František Xaver Dušek |
| Frescobaldiana | Vittorio Giannini | Girolamo Frescobaldi |
| Gabrieliana | Gian Francesco Malipiero | Giovanni Gabrieli |
| Gershwiniana | Steven Gerber | George Gershwin |
| Handeliana | Józef Koffler | George Frideric Handel |
| Ivesiana (ballet) | George Balanchine | Charles Ives |
| Koschatiana | Ernst Bacon | Thomas Koschat |
| Lisztiana | Dmitri Rogal-Levitski and Jean-François Grancher | Franz Liszt |
| Mahleriana | Domenico Giannetta | Gustav Mahler |
| Mozartiana | Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart |
| Mozartiana | Julian Yu | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart |
| Nazaretheana | Stephen Whittington | Ernesto Nazareth |
| Nordraakiana | Johan Halvorsen | Rikard Nordraak |
| Offenbachiana | Juan José Castro and Manuel Rosenthal | Jacques Offenbach |
| Offenbachiana | Maciej Malecki | Jacques Offenbach |
| Paganiniana | Alfredo Casella | Niccolò Paganini |
| Paganiniana | Nathan Milstein | Niccolò Paganini |
| Paganiana [sic] (piano four hands) | Charles Camilleri | Niccolò Paganini |
| Pedrelliana | Manuel de Falla and Roberto Gerhard | Felip Pedrell |
| Prestilagoyana | Pierre Wissmer | Ida Presti and Alexandre Lagoya |
| Purcelliana | Alfred Akon | Henry Purcell |
| Overture Respighiana | Salvatore Di Vittorio | Ottorino Respighi |
| Rossiniane | Mauro Giuliani | Gioachino Rossini |
| Rossiniana | Ottorino Respighi | Gioachino Rossini |
| Sarasateana | Efrem Zimbalist | Pablo de Sarasate |
| Scarlattiana | Alfredo Casella and Noam Sheriff | Domenico Scarlatti |
| Schumanniana | Vincent d'Indy | Robert Schumann |
| Segoviana | Darius Milhaud | Andrés Segovia |
| Soleriana | Joaquín Rodrigo | Antonio Soler |
| Stevensonia (orchestral suite, 1917 and 1922) | Edward Burlingame Hill | Robert Louis Stevenson |
| Straussiana | Erich Wolfgang Korngold | Johann Strauss II |
| Tartiniana | Luigi Dallapiccola | Giuseppe Tartini |
| Tchaikovskiana | Myer Fredman, Tasmin Little, and John Lenehan | Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky |
| Telemanniana | Hans Werner Henze | Georg Philipp Telemann |
| Thomsoniana | Peggy Glanville-Hicks | Virgil Thomson |
| Verdiana | Tutti Camarata | Giuseppe Verdi |
| Viottiana | Luciano Sgrizzi | Giovanni Battista Viotti |
| Vivaldiana | Gian Francesco Malipiero and Ede Terenyi | Antonio Vivaldi |
Other uses in music :
| Work | Type of work | Creator | Notes |
| Asturiana (1942) | symphony | María Teresa Prieto | |
| Canadiana Suite (1964) | album | Oscar Peterson | |
| Freudiana | rock-opera album | Eric Woolfson | Woolfon's first solo album, named after pioneer psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. |
| Frostiana (1959) | musical piece | Randall Thompson | The work involves 7 poems of Robert Frost, whom the piece is named after. |
| Kentuckiana: Divertissement On 20 Kentucky Airs, for 2 Pianos, 4 Hands (1948) | composition | Darius Milhaud | |
| Kreisleriana | piano suite | Robert Schumann | The piece is named after the fictional literary character Johannes Kreisler created by E. T. A. Hoffmann. |
| Symphony No. 4 (1952) - originally entitled Sinfonia shakespeariana | symphony | Gösta Nystroem | |
| Vincentiana | symphony | Einojuhani Rautavaara | This piece was named in honour of Vincent van Gogh and reuses some material from Rautavaara's earlier opera on van Gogh, titled Vincent. |
| Gillespiana (1960) | album | Dizzy Gillespie | The album featured compositions by Lalo Schifrin. |
| Glinkaiana, Medtneriana, and Scriabiniana | ballets | | These three ballets were staged in the Soviet Union in the early 20th century, set to music by their respective namesakes: Mikhail Glinka, Nikolai Medtner and Alexander Scriabin. |