OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roux-en-Y anastomosis

In general surgery, a Roux-en-Y anastomosis, or Roux-en-Y, is an end-to-side surgical anastomosis of bowel used to reconstruct the gastrointestinal tract. Typically, it is between stomach and small bowel that is distal (or further down the gastrointestinal tract) from the cut end.

## Overview

The name is derived from the surgeon who first described it (César Roux) and the stick-figure representation. Diagrammatically, the Roux-en-Y anastomosis looks a little like the letter Y.
Typically, the two upper limbs of the Y represent (1) the proximal segment of stomach and the distal small bowel it joins with and (2) the blind end that is surgically divided off, and the lower part of the Y is formed by the distal small bowel beyond the anastomosis.
Roux-en-Ys are used in several operations and collectively called Roux operations.
When describing the surgery, the Roux limb is the efferent or antegrade limb that serves as the primary recipient of food after the surgery, while the hepatobiliary or afferent limb that anastomoses with the biliary system serves as the recipient for biliary secretions, which then travel through the excluded small bowel to the distal anastomosis at the mid jejunum to aid digestion. The altered anatomy can contribute to indigestion following surgery. The procedure has also been associated with an increased incidence of iron-deficiency anemia. Iron-deficiency anemia develops in up to 45% of people who have had a Roux-en-Y anastomosis.

## Operations that make use of a Roux-en-Y

* Some gastric bypasses for obesity.
* Multiple failed Nissen fundoplication surgeries.
* Roux-en-Y reconstruction following partial or complete gastrectomy for stomach cancer.
* Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy used to treat (macroscopic) bile duct obstruction which may arise due to:
** a common bile duct tumour or hepatic duct tumour (e.g. resection of cholangiocarcinoma)
** a bile duct injury (e.g. cholecystectomy, iatrogenic, trauma)
** an infection/inflammation (e.g. pancreatic pseudocyst)
* Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy – indications same as Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.
* Roux-en-Y pancreas transplant
* Roux-en-Y pancreas reconstruction after blunt abdominal trauma.
* Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy or choledochojejunostomy with gastrojejunostomy as palliation for irresectable pancreatic head cancer.
# Tupac: A Thug Life

Tupac: A Thug Life is an anthology and collection of writings on the rapper Tupac Shakur released in 2005 by Plexus Publishing in the UK. The book was edited by Sam Brown with a foreword by music journalist Kris Ex. The title was taken from a quote by Shakur, who once said, "I didn't choose the thug life; the thug life chose me."

## Storyline

The book is divided into five sections to illustrate the rap artist's troubled childhood living in housing projects in Oakland, California and his relationship with his mother Afeni Shakur, his recording and film career, his unsolved 1996 murder and conspiracy surrounding it, and his legacy and posthumous releases. It includes reviews for Shakur's film roles as well as a selection of photos.
The publisher described the book as "the definitive story of Tupac's career in a thorough selection of interviews, articles, reviews and essays on rap music's enduring icon."
Writings from contributors include interviews with Shakur's music producer Suge Knight, rapper Snoop Dogg, actor Tim Roth, and Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur, with a chapter by crime writer Cathy Scott.

## Reception

The Library Journal included the anthology in its January 22, 2008 "First Look at New Books" column for "readers looking for more in-depth biographical information" about the late rapper.
The hip-hop news site ThugLifeArmy.com wrote that "every aspect of Tupac's condensed life and career is explored in a new book entitled Tupac: A Thug Life."
Rap News Network wrote, "Through interviews, articles, reviews, dozens of photos, and essays, Sam Brown the editor looks into the life of the late rap icon."
# Ammochostos Stadium

Ammochostos Stadium (Greek: Γήπεδο 'Αμμόχωστος') is a multi-purpose stadium in Larnaca, Cyprus. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the temporary home ground of the refugee team from the occupied city of Famagusta, Nea Salamis Famagusta.

## History

The original home ground of Nea Salamina FC was GSE Stadium in Famagusta, but due to the Turkish occupation of the town since 1974 they cannot use it. After that, Nea Salamis FC moved, temporarily, to Larnaca and built their own stadium.
The decision to build the stadium came in 1989. The December of the same year it started to be built. After many wages offered from Salamis fans in Cyprus and abroad, from Cyprus Sports Association and from many workers it was built in a short time.
The first official game of Nea Salamina Famagusta in the stadium was played on 12 October 1991 with Evagoras Paphos as opponent. Nea Salamina won 4–1.
The stadium hosted the 1992 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship final on 17 May 1992 between Germany and Spain where Germany won 2–1.
In 1998, the stadium underwent some renovations.
Ammochostos Stadium has a capacity of 5,000 seats and is located in Larnaca. Soon, a third shuttle will be built and the stadium will hold 7,500 people.
Since 2007, under the south shuttle of the stadium is the dwelling and the offices of Nea Salamis FC.

## Name

Ammochostos Stadium named after the town of Famagusta (Greek: Αμμόχωστος; Ammochostos), which is the original seat of Nea Salamina.

## Other teams

The stadium was used for some periods as a home ground by Alki Larnaca FC (2007—2009), AEL Limassol (in 2001, for a little period due to the improvement of their own ground), Ermis Aradippou (2001–2002, 2010–2012, 2013–14, 2020–2021), Doxa Katokopia (2012–2013), Alki Oroklini (2016–2022), AEZ Zakakiou (2023–) and Othellos Athienou (2023–).
# Geumjeong (disambiguation)

Geumjeong can refer to the following locations in South Korea:

## Busan

* Geumjeong-gu, a district in Busan
* Geumjeong Fortress, a fortress in Busan
* Geumjeongsan, a mountain in Busan

## Gyeonggi Province

* Geumjeong-dong, a ward in Gunpo City, Gyeonggi Province
* Geumjeong Station, a Seoul Subway station in Gunpo City
# Torp hostage crisis

The Torp hostage crisis occurred on 28 September 1994 at Sandefjord Airport, Torp, Norway. Two Swedish robbers took two police officers and two pensioners as hostages. The police freed the hostages and killed one of the hostage takers. It is the only peacetime incident in which a Norwegian chief of police has given the order to shoot to kill.

## Events

Swedish citizens Resid Koca, originally from Serbia, and Zvonimir Majdek, originally from Croatia, stole 1.5 million kroner from a small post office in Østre Halsen, just outside Larvik. Their car broke down during the escape, and they eventually ended up in the homes of an elderly couple in Larvik after taking a 44-year-old female police officer as hostage the night after the robbery. A negotiator from Sandefjord police station was brought in to negotiate with the hostage takers and communicated with them through police radio, which meant that the entire press was able to listen in. They were led to believe that they would be given an airplane at the nearest airport, Torp, but upon arrival they quickly realised that they had been fooled.
In an attempt to give the hostage takers new batteries for the police radio, the negotiator was himself taken hostage. He was then told that he was going to be killed if the demands of the kidnappers were not met, which was a sum of US$10 million and passage out of the country within the hour. He was forced to do the countdown to his own execution, every five minutes from 8:30. At 8:58, he reported over the radio, "it's now 2 minutes until I will get shot". A few seconds later, the police tactical unit Delta launched an attack that saved all the hostages and killed Resid Koca. He was killed instantaneously by a Delta sniper. This is the only time a direct order to shoot to kill has been given in Norway during peace time.
Due to the MS Estonia sinking, the incident received little press attention, although a miniseries titled Deadline Torp was made for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), in 2005. It has since been released on DVD.
# Andy McKenzie

Andy McKenzie (born August 16, 1970) is an American politician, former mayor of Wheeling, West Virginia. He previously served in the West Virginia State Senate from 1996 to 2008 for the 1st district as a Republican.

## Education

After graduating from West Liberty University, McKenzie went to West Virginia University for an MBA.
# Fabio Scarsella

Fabio Scarsella (born 19 July 1989) is an Italian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie C Group A club Pergolettese.

## Club career

He made his Serie B debut for Frosinone on 30 May 2009 in a game against Grosseto.
On 3 July 2021, he signed a two-year contract with Modena.
On 28 July 2022, Scarsella moved to Vicenza on a two-year deal. On 30 January 2024, Scarsella left Vicenza by mutual consent.
On 26 July 2024, Scarsella signed a two-season contract with Pergolettese.
During his play, in Italy, he was compared to Fabio Quagliarella like his similar sense of goal.

## Honours
### Club

Cremonese
* Lega Pro: 2016–17
# El amor brujo (novel)

El amor brujo ("Love The Magician") is the last novel by Argentinian writer Roberto Arlt, published in 1932. It tells the story of an affair between a married man called Balder and a music student called Irene in Buenos Aires, shortly before the 1930 Argentine coup d'état. It is dedicated to Arlt's wife.

## Style

El amor brujo has been described as "strongly political and nihilistic: intimate relationships are portrayed as being largely fantasy or lie".

## Reception

The novel was not well received critically or popularly, and is the least-known of Arlt's four novels.
# South Pointe High School (Phoenix, Arizona)

33°22′15″N 112°04′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.370763°N 112.072433°W﻿ / 33.370763; -112.072433
South Pointe High School is a charter high school in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Established in 2003, the school is managed by the Arizona branch of The Leona Group. It serves mostly central and south Phoenix; Laveen; and parts of Tempe. The student body is approximately 40% African-American, 20% Caucasian and 40% Hispanic and Latino.

## History

In 2008 South Pointe opened its two sister schools, South Pointe Elementary School and South Pointe Junior High School. Both are located in South Phoenix.
South Pointe High School was reaccredited in 2009 by AdvancED.

## Curriculum

South Pointe offers a wide variety of courses which range from core classes such as English and math, to college preparatory electives such as forensics and special topics courses in race and culture and advanced English classes. A dual enrollment program with South Mountain Community College is available.

## Extracurricular activities

Student groups and activities include Ebony Club, FBLA, MEChA, multicultural club, Soul Talk, student government, and yearbook. Other enrichment activities have included a Historically Black College and University tour, as well as a MEChA tour of universities in Los Angeles, CA.
The South Pointe athletic teams, known as the Griffins, competed in Arizona Interscholastic Association-sanctioned events until 2011. The school then jumped to the Canyon Athletic Association, an athletic conference of which most all of Leona Group's Arizona schools are members.
# MTV Europe Music Award for Best Asian Act

The following is a list of the MTV Europe Music Award winners and nominees for Best Asia Act.

## 2010s

| Year | Artist | Nationality |
| 2010 | Han Geng | China |
| 2010 | Super Junior | South Korea |
| 2010 | Exile | Japan |
| 2010 | Jolin Tsai | Taiwan |
| 2010 | Yuna Zarai | Malaysia |
| 2013 | Chris Lee | China |
| 2013 | Show Lo | Taiwan |
| 2013 | My Tam | Vietnam |
| 2013 | EXO | South Korea |
| 2013 | Momoiro Clover Z | Malaysia |
| 2014 | Bibi Zhou | China |
| 2014 | Hebe Tien | Taiwan |
| 2014 | Sarah Geronimo | Philippines |
| 2014 | B.A.P. | South Korea |
| 2014 | Daichi Mura | Japan |
| 2015 | Jane Zhang | China |
| 2015 | BTS | South Korea |
| 2015 | Dempagumi.inc | Japan |
| 2015 | Jay Chou | Taiwan |
| 2015 | Sơn Tùng M-TP | Vietnam |

## 2020s

| Year | Artist | Nationality |
| 2022 | Tomorrow X Together | South Korea |
| 2022 | Niki | Indonesia |
| 2022 | Maymay Entrata | Philippines |
| 2022 | SILVY | Thailand |
| 2022 | The Rampage from Exile Tribe | Japan |
| 2023 | Be:First | Japan |
| 2023 | Bright | Thailand |
| 2023 | Moira | Philippines |
| 2023 | Tiara Andini | Indonesia |
| 2023 | Treasure | South Korea |
| 2024 | BINI | Philippines |
| 2024 | Illit | South Korea |
| 2024 | Mahalini | Indonesia |
| 2024 | Masdo | Malaysia |
| 2024 | Sakurazaka46 | Japan |
# Robat, Fars

Robat (Persian: رباط, also Romanized as Robāţ) is a village in Mahur Rural District, Mahvarmilani District, Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 147, in 29 families.
# 62: A Model Kit

62: A Model Kit (Spanish: 62/Modelo para armar) is a novel by Julio Cortázar published in 1968. It is considered the author's most experimental novel.

## Characters

* Juan, Argentinean interpreter.
* Hélène, anesthesiologist living in Paris.
* Polanco, Argentinean. Inseparable friend of Calac.
* Calac, Argentine writer. Inseparable friend of Polanco.
* Tell, Danish.
* Marrast, sculptor.
* Nicole, illustrator.
* Celia, 17-year-old French student.
* Austin, young English lutenist; former anonymous neurotic.
* Frau Marta, old Viennese lady.
* Monsieur Ochs, doll maker.
* Harold Haroldson, superintendent of The Courtauld Institute of Art.
# Amphitheater High School

Amphitheater High School, also known as Amphi High, is a public high school, located in northwest Tucson, Arizona, United States. Amphi is the flagship high school of Amphitheater Public Schools of Tucson, and serves grades 9–12. The school mascot is the panther, and the school colors are kelly green and white. Amphi opened in 1939 as the second high school in Tucson, and has a student enrollment of 1,249. In the 1983-84 school year, it was honored as a Blue Ribbon school.
Its feeder schools are Amphi Middle and La Cima Middle.

## Notable alumni

* Mario Bates (1991), American football running back in the NFL for the New Orleans Saints, Arizona Cardinals, and the Detroit Lions
* Michael Bates (1989), 1992 Olympic bronze medal-winning sprinter and five-time Pro Bowl kick returner in the NFL
* Jeff Colter, former NFL defensive back
* Erubiel Durazo (1993), MLB baseball player; played for the Arizona Diamondbacks (1999–2002) where he won the 2001 World Series, and the Oakland Athletics (2003–2005)
* Riki Ellison (formerly Riki Gray), football player, USC Trojans, SF 49ers, LA Raiders
* Glenn Ezell, former MLB pitching coach and minor league catcher and manager
* George Gray (1985), TV announcer of The Price Is Right (2011–present)
* Savannah Guthrie (1989), NBC news anchor and legal correspondent
* Earl Hindman, actor, best known for role as Wilson on Home Improvement
* Alex Kellner, former MLB player (Philadelphia Athletics, Cincinnati Reds, Saint Louis Cardinals)
* Walt Kellner, former MLB player (Philadelphia Athletics)
* Sam Merriman (1979), NFL linebacker (Seattle Seahawks, 1983–87)
* James Penton (c. 1950), author on religious history, and university professor
# Widowmaker hill climb

The Widowmaker hill climb is an outdoor motorcycle sport event held annually and sometimes semi-annually in Croydon, Utah, United States. The name comes from the danger associated with navigating the steep hill, which threatens to make widows of women whose husbands attempt the event. The event was founded in 1964 and went inactive in about 1988, followed by a 2003 revival that was active until at least 2009.
It consists of two major professional competitions, the first being the motorcycle hill climb, which is held usually in the month of June of each year. The second competition is the snowmobile hill climb, which is usually held in the month of January. However, there are many more types of sub-competitions held, including competitions for amateur motorcyclist, ATV, and snowmobile riders.
The Widowmaker become a popular event, both on the local riding circuit, and nationally with pro-riders. This has been attributed to the mountain's difficulty level. Even in the highest levels of pro-circuit riders there have been 13 as of March 8, 2009 that have been able to summit the 1000 foot level, over the 6 years that the event has been held.
On March 8, 2009, MTV's Nitro Circus visited the Widowmaker. Among the members of those who attempted to try to summit the 1000 foot mark was motocross legend Travis Pastrana. Although Travis was unsuccessful in his attempt, it was "summitted" that day for only the 13th time in the mountain's history. The first rider to reach the top was Mike Gibbons in 1970, of Grants Pass, Oregon. Gibbons' victory was filmed as part of the 1971 Bruce Brown motorcycle documentary film, On Any Sunday.
# Rowgir-e Hasani

Rowgir-e Hasani (Persian: روگيرحسني, also Romanized as Rūgīr-e Ḩasanī; also known as Rūgīr-e 'asanī) is a village in Kheyrgu Rural District, Alamarvdasht District, Lamerd County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 281, in 64 families.
# Silk Cut (yacht)

Silk Cut (also Elanders/Ten Celsius, JMS Next Generation) is a Volvo Ocean 60 yacht. She finished fifth in the 1997–98 Whitbread Round the World Race skippered by Lawrie Smith.

## Career

Silk Cut was designed by Bruce Farr and built by McConaghy Boats.
She finished fifth in the 1997–98 Whitbread Round the World Race skippered by Lawrie Smith.
Elanders/Ten Celsius competed in the 2003 Volvo Baltic Race helmed by Hans Wallén.
JMS Next Generation competed in the 2004 Volvo Baltic Race.
Boudragon is currently owned by the Oceanraces Academy.
# Mark John Burke

Mark John Burke is a South African politician who has been a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa for the Democratic Alliance (DA) since 2024.

## Background

Burke was born in 1989 in Free State and is a native speaker of Afrikaans. He earned two bachelor's degrees in Computer Science and Language Technology from the Potchefstroom campus of North-West University. During his time at North-West University, he founded the Debate Society. He also earned a master's degree in Computer Science from the University of Cape Town, and a PhD from the University of Cambridge on a scholarship from the Mandela Rhodes Foundation.
Burke is the founder of ExpertRand, a company providing money transfer services for expatriate South Africans, and a cofounder of Kastelo, a fintech company. He is married to Dr. Talia Simone da Silva Burke.

## Parliamentary career

Burke stood as a DA parliamentary candidate on the Western Cape list in the 2024 national elections and was subsequently elected to the National Assembly of South Africa. He was sworn in on 25 June 2024. He is a member of the Standing Committee on Appropriations and is an alternate member of the Standing Committee on Finance.
# Blean

Blean is a village and civil parish in the Canterbury district of Kent, England. The civil parish is large and is mostly woodland, much of which is ancient woodland. The developed village within the parish is scattered along the road between Canterbury and Whitstable, in the middle of the Forest of Blean. The parish of St Cosmus and St Damian in the Blean was renamed "Blean" on 1 April 2019.

## History

According to Edward Hasted's 1800 county study, the village was once part of the king's ancient forest of Blean in the hundred of Westgate.
The name Blean is the dative form of the Old English word ‘blea’ which means rough ground. Therefore the full name of the parish meant "the church of Saints Cosmas and Damian (sic) in the rough ground."
In 1835, the Blean Union Workhouse, designed by William Edmunds, was built on four acres south of Herne Common. The design was based on Sir Francis Bond Head's Plan of a Rural Workhouse for 500 Persons, a publication of the Poor Law Commission. To keep costs down, no outside drains were added, and the building was windowless. Discipline was severe. A nine-year-old girl was once punished for a small offence by being forced to remain overnight in the mortuary with a corpse; however, the Master and Matron were dismissed as a result.

## Amenities

The village has a druid woodland sculpture park, noted for its large sleeping dragon. The east of the village has a hall and recreation ground used for sports.
The parish church is about half a mile from the village centre. It is dedicated to St Cosmus and St Damian and emphasising some kind of descriptor of the land itself, has always been suffixed 'in the Blean'. It is a 13th-century building and Grade II* listed, the second highest designation in the national grading scheme.
The village contains two pubs, a cafe, an archery store and a corner store.

## Governance

Blean is part of the electoral ward of Blean Forest. The population of this ward at the 2011 census was 6,176. Its current Lord Mayor is Neil Barry Todd

## Economy

Blean's economy is closely tied to Canterbury and to a lesser extent, Whitstable. In television entertainment Smallfilms operates here the production company that created the animated series Ivor the Engine, Bagpuss and the Clangers, at Peter Firmin's barn on the Blean farm. The bay window of Firmin's house was featured in the opening sequence of Bagpuss.

## Eponyms

The Hunt-class destroyer HMS Blean was named after the village's Blean Beagles hunt.
# Žarko Mihajlović

Žarko Mihajlović (4 March 1920 – 16 September 1986) was a Yugoslav football coach who managed Red Star Belgrade, OFK Beograd, PAOK FC, Fenerbahçe, Ethnikos Piraeus, Apollon Kalamarias, Doxa Dramas, Karşıyaka, Qadsia SC, and the Turkey national football team. With Red Star he won first two league title for the club in 1951 and 1953.
He played for BSK Beograd.
# 1893 Liverpool West Derby by-election

The 1893 Liverpool West Derby by-election was held on 10 January 1893 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP William Henry Cross. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Walter Hume Long.
Liverpool West Derby by-election, 1893 :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | Walter Hume Long | 3,632 | 61.5 |
| | Liberal | D. Shilton Collin | 2,275 | 38.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,357 | 23.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,907 | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | |