OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ropica subnotata

Ropica subnotata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Maurice Pic in 1925.
# Ctenotus vertebralis

Ctenotus vertebralis, the scant-striped ctenotus, is a species of skink found in the Northern Territory in Australia.
# Arther Ferrill

Arther Ferrill (born 1938), now a professor emeritus of history at the University of Washington at Seattle, is a respected expert on ancient Rome and military history. He has written four books and is a regular contributor to MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History (ISSN 1040-5992) and other periodicals, as an author and in review of other authors.

## Life and work

Born in Enid, Oklahoma, Ferrill earned a B.A. at the University of Wichita (now Wichita State University) in 1960. He went on to graduate study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he received a master's degree in 1961 and a Ph.D. in 1964.
In The Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation (1998 ISBN 0-500-27495-9), Ferrill supports the claims of Vegetius, about increased "barbarisation" and "germanisation" helping to cause the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century AD. He asserts that allowing barbarians to settle within Rome's borders, to act as a buffer zone against other barbarians, created friction and led to a decrease in the size of the Roman Empire's Borders. He also states that the Germans were recruited in such large numbers by the Western empire that they in fact changed it from a Roman to a German culture. For example, field army units would not use their helmets, the pilum was replaced, and the standard of drill declined, leading to a lack of military skill within the empire.
Among his other works are:
* Caligula: Emperor of Rome. Thames & Hudson, 1991. ISBN 0-500-25112-6
* The Origins of War: From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great. Thames & Hudson, 1985. Revised edition, Westview Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8133-3302-4
* Roman Imperial Grand Strategy. University Press of America, 1991. ISBN 0-8191-8445-4
# Gippsland Super 6

The Gippsland Super 6 is a golf tournament that was played for the first time in November 2019. It is played at Warragul Country Club in Warragul, Gippsland, in south-eastern Victoria, Australia.

## Format

The tournament uses a "Super 6" format. The first three days consist of ordinary stroke play, with a cut after 36 holes reducing the field to the top 50 and ties. After 54 holes, the field is cut to a fixed 24. On the final day, there is a knock-out phase, when six-hole stroke play contests are played. The leading 8 players after 54 holes receive a bye to the second round.

## History

Because of bad weather the inaugural event in 2019 was reduced to 54 holes, the knockout phase being abandoned. Tom Power Horan won with a score of 205, 11 under par, beating Brady Watt by a stroke.
Marcus Fraser won the January 2021 event, beating Swiss professional Alessandro Noseda by a stroke in the final. Fraser had been close to defeat in his opening knockout match against Andrew Martin. Martin was two strokes ahead with two holes to play but then had a double-bogey, while Fraser made a birdie.
Jack Thompson won the December 2021 event, beating Jordan Zunic in the final. They were tied after six holes but Thompson won at the first extra hole.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 2024 | Ben Henkel | 22 | −2 | Playoff | Dylan Gardner |
| 2023 | Kerry Mountcastle | 22 | −2 | 1 stroke | Jake McLeod |
| 2022 | Tom Power Horan (2) | 19 | −4 | 3 strokes | Kyle Michel |
| 2021 (Dec) | Jack Thompson | 22 | −1 | Playoff | Jordan Zunic |
| 2021 (Jan) | Marcus Fraser | 22 | −2 | 1 stroke | Alessandro Noseda |
| 2020: No tournament ||||||
| 2019 | Tom Power Horan | 205 | −11 | 1 stroke | Brady Watt |
# Pearl Days

Pearl Days is the fifth studio album by Italian singer Elisa, released on October 15, 2004 by Sugar Music. The album debuted at number two on the Italian album chart. Pearl Days is a rock record, a follow-up to the singer's debut album Pipes & Flowers. The album is certified double platinum in Italy.
The first and only single from the album was "Una poesia anche per te", released on April 15, 2005.

## Background and composition

After the publication of her fourth acoustic studio album Lotus, in the spring of 2004 Elisa moved to Los Angeles, California, for seven months, recording and producing her fifth studio album with Glen Ballard at Henson Studios. The artists involved include drummer Matt Chamberlain, keyboardist Benmont Tench, and guitarists Tim Pierce and Michael Landau. In an interview with Rockol, the artist recounted the decision to collaborate with Ballard and the process of producing the rock-sounding album, as well as the choice of collaborators:
   "Glen is very soaring, explosive. He's rock but at the same time he has great melodic breath. He's a producer with so much experience, extraordinary as a musician as well. I knew he would really help me. [...] We found each other, that's the important thing. I brought the songs with chords and vocals, then we arranged them together. There were no boundaries, we were each working on each other's ideas. We stimulated each other. I owe Glen a lot for the sound of the record. [...] [The musicians involved] are Glen's collaborators, people he works with often. When I decided to work with him, I didn't want to impose my musicians on him. It was only fair that he surround himself with the people he felt most comfortable with and who gave him the things he needed. They are extraordinary musicians, and I can only be satisfied."

## Critics recepiton

Giulio Nannini of Rockol reports that if in the previous Lotus Elisa "had dedicated herself to the intimate side of her music" in Pearl Days her "rock and more impetuous vein" manifests itself. Nannini finds the production "extremely polished, attentive to the cleanliness of the sound, [...] without ostentation" appreciating the choice not to abandon the English language, stating "she comes to write like this, why distort it?" Among the tracks, the reviewer particularly appreciates Life Goes On, writing that in the arrangement "well-calibrated harmonic openings dominate within an arrangement that combines electric liveliness and a soft string section" and that in general on the album one can appreciate "a wide range of vocal colors and timbres".

## Track listing

All lyrics written by Elisa; all music composed by Elisa except where noted.

### Track listing (re-issue)
## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 2 |

### End-Year charts

| Chart (2004) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 45 |
# Nadine (2007 film)

Nadine is a 2007 Dutch road movie drama film directed by Erik de Bruyn from a script he co-wrote with Gwen Eckhaus and starring Monic Hendrickx, Sanneke Bos and Halina Reijn. It follows a career woman named Nadine, who is played by the three lead actors at three different life stages of her life, the story starts when the oldest (Hendrickx) kidnaps a baby and goes on a road trip towards Portugal.
Nadine had its premiere on September 29 at the Netherlands Film Festival. At the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg, the film was the opening film and would later debut in Dutch theaters on October 25, 2007.

## Cast

* Monic Hendrickx as Nadine, 40 years old
** Sanneke Bos as Nadine, 36 years old
** Halina Reijn as Nadine, 32 years old
* Mano Tzoulakis as Sam
* Fedja van Huêt as Daniel
* Frank Lammers as Vince
* Rifka Lodeizen as Felice
* Hadewych Minis as Aimee
* Marleen Scholten as Julia
* Michel van Dousselaere as Nadine's father
* Beppie Melissen as Nadine's mother
* Tine Laureyns as Nurse Sofia

## Production

The idea for Nadine started shortly after the release of de Bruyn's Wild Mussels, according to him when he just turned 40 years old and in his friend group there were a number of highly educated independent women, who became suddenly interested in having children when they turned forty. He started delving into the subject himself, which was fueled by his own feelings around mortality. He co-wrote the first draft with Marion Bloem, the decision to cast three women for the same character was established early in development.
The film was supposed to be an international co-production with various production companies across Europe, but these plans were dropped after two years. Production started with an allocated budget of two million euro, but was only made with 1,5 million. On first day of filming in Portugal, the car that was used in the film was involved in a crash, the crew member involved only suffered minor injuries.

## Release

Nadine had its premiere on September 29 at the Netherlands Film Festival. The film was the opening film at the International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg. It was shown in Dutch cinemas on October 25, 2007.
# Francois Massaquoi

Francois Eugene Massaquoi (died 16 April 2001) was a Liberian warlord and politician. Massaquoi led the Lofa Defense Force during the First Liberian Civil War, and later became a government minister. He died in 2001 under mysterious circumstances.

## Youth in the US

Massaquoi belonged to the Loma people. Arriving in the United States in 1965, he studied economics at New York University. In 1960s the discothèque The Church (later renamed 'Sanctuary' for administrative reasons) opened in Hell's Kitchen in the building that today houses the Westside Theatre, with a concept based on stark irreligous themes created by Massaquoi. Massaquoi and his wife Carolyn ran a food importation business in New York in the 1970s. Back in Liberia he worked as a civil servant during the William Tolbert and Samuel Doe governments.

## Civil war

He founded the LDF militia in 1991. During the First Liberian Civil War, Massaquoi's LDF fought against the forces of ULIMO over control of Lofa County.
In December 1994 Massaquoi was one of the signatories of the Accra Clarification Agreement, a peace agreement that was never implemented. Likewise he signed the Abuja I Accord in August 1995, which allowed for the entry of LDF into the government. Massaquoi was named Minister of Youth and Sports in the Liberia National Transitional Government from September 1995 to August 1997. In December 1996 a group of LDF soldiers arrived in Monrovia and physically assaulted Massaquoi, accusing him of not providing support for his former fighters.
During the 1997 Liberian general election Massaquoi belonged to the National Democratic Party of Liberia. After the election he was again named Minister of Youth and Sports.

## Death

Massaquoi died on April 16, 2001. Reportedly, during a visit to Voinjama Massaquoi's helicopter came under gunfire. Massaquoi died later at hospital in Gbarnga after arrival there. President Charles Taylor announced the creation of a commission to investigate the circumstances of Massaquoi's death, but the announcement was met with skepticism in Liberia at the time.
# Music geography

Part of a series on :
Geography :
Portal
Outline :
History of geography
Graeco-Roman
Chinese
Islamic
Age of Discovery
History of cartography
Historical geography
Environmental determinism
Regional geography
Quantitative revolution
Critical geography :
Human geographyFields
Behavioral
Cognitive
Critical
Cultural
Animal
Children's
Economic
Agricultural
Cyber
Development
Financial
Histo-economic
Labor
Marketing
Retail
Theoretical economic
Transport
Language
Linguistics
Music
Vernacular
Moral
Psychological
Emotional
Neo
Sexuality
Religion
Food
Health
Historical
Palaeo
Imagined
Internet
Political
Critical geopolitics
Electoral
Geopolitics
Strategic
Military
Population
Settlement
Regional
Urban
Music
Transport
Social
Tourism
Tropical :
Physical geographyFields
Biogeography
Ecology
Phytogeography
Zoogeography
Climatology / Paleoclimatology / Palaeogeography
Coastal geography/ Oceanography
Earth science
Geology
Geomorphology
Glaciology
Hydrology / Hydrography
Landscape ecology
Limnology
Pedology
Quaternary science :
Technical geographyFields
Geodesign
Geodesy
Geoinformatics
Geographic information science
Geomatics
Statistical geography
Spatial analysis :
Integrated geographyFields
Environmental social science
Environmental studies
Landscape architecture
Landscape ecology :
Methods
Quantitative
Cartography
Computer cartography
Web mapping
Geochronology
Geographic information system
Distributed GIS
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Web GIS
Geologic modelling
Geomathematics
Geostatistics
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Global Positioning System
Hydrography
Map algebra
Participant observation
Photogrammetry
Remote Sensing
Statistical survey
Surveying
Land change modeling
Qualitative
Ethnography
Geopoetics
Interview (research)
Survey (human research) :
Theoretical Approaches
Behavioral
Critical
Feminist
Marxist
Non-representational theory
Modernism
Structuralism
Semiotics
Postmodernism
Post-structuralism
Deconstruction :
Societies
Index
Geographers :
vte :
Music geography is a sub-field within both urban geography and cultural geography. Music geography is the study of music production and consumption as a reflection of the landscape and geographical spaces surrounding it. It became evident that individuals associate music with space.
Historically, music was purely an oral tradition that was replaced by the introduction of radio broadcasting in the 1920s. Folk music was the first genre of music to be researched and analyzed by scholars due to its nature of movement across regions in its style.
John Connell suggests links between:
   music, tradition and authenticity, reinvented in the public space of the city; it demonstrates how technological changes (notably the digitization of music) have informed local music production, generated new home recording cultures and small scale entrepreneurialism.
John Strait's studies of the migration of blues in the Mississippi Delta shows the association of and circulation of musical culture across the globe.
# Brand New School

Brand New School is a creative design and production studio specializing in commercials, interactive media, branding consultation and design, and music videos. The company was founded by Jonathan Notaro and has offices in New York City and Los Angeles. The studio has created content for many global brands, including Coca-Cola, Apple Inc., Google, Nike, Gillette, Ford, BBC, and Starbucks, among others. The company has been recognized by AICP, Art Directors Club, D&AD, Cannes Lions, and AIGA.

## History

After spending time as an Art Director at Fuel/Razorfish, Jonathan Notaro broke out on his own and founded the studio in Los Angeles in 2000. The company expanded to New York shortly thereafter. Since its founding, Brand New School has created animated content, live action films, and interactive and experiential media, as well as branding and design services for brands all over the world.
The studio has created launch campaigns for products such as the Gillette Fusion ProShield razors, the OnePlus 3T smartphone, and several Google devices. Interactive and out-of-home work includes a display for Oreo in New York's Times Square and a touchscreen display in the lobby of GE headquarters in Fairfield, CT. The studio headed up the re-branding for Cartoon Network in 2010.

## Directors

Brand New School has a diverse roster of directors that lead the company's projects. Chris Dooley has created content for McDonald's, British Airways, Lego, and ESPN, and his music videos for the Selena Gomez tracks "A Year Without Rain" and "Naturally" have racked up over 200 million views each on Vevo. Ben Go has worked on campaigns for Honda, Samsung, and Kellogg's. Robert Bisi's work has been recognized by Cannes Lions, and he has created projects for Toyota, eBay, Corona, and Old Navy. Brumby Boylston's short film "Cruising Electric" was accepted by the Sundance Film Festival, and he has created campaigns for Taco Bell and Syfy Network. In addition to leading the company, Jonathan Notaro is an accomplished director in his own right, working on projects for Apple, Ikea, Jack Daniel's, and Ford, and receiving praise from the Art Directors Club, D&AD, Cannes Lions, the Clios, and the Type Directors Club.
# Plasma antenna

A plasma antenna is a type of radio antenna currently in development in which plasma is used instead of the metal elements of a traditional antenna. A plasma antenna can be used for both transmission and reception. Although plasma antennas have only become practical in recent years, the idea is not new; a patent for an antenna using the concept was granted to J. Hettinger in 1919.
Early practical examples of the technology used discharge tubes to contain the plasma and are referred to as ionized gas plasma antennas. Ionized gas plasma antennas can be turned on and off and are good for stealth and resistance to electronic warfare and cyber attacks. Ionized gas plasma antennas can be nested such that the higher frequency plasma antennas are placed inside lower frequency plasma antennas. Higher frequency ionized gas plasma antenna arrays can transmit and receive through lower frequency ionized gas plasma antenna arrays. This means that the ionized gas plasma antennas can be co-located and ionized gas plasma antenna arrays can be stacked. Ionized gas plasma antennas can eliminate or reduce co-site interference. Smart ionized gas plasma antennas use plasma physics to shape and steer the antenna beams without the need of phased arrays. Satellite signals can be steered or focused in the reflective or refractive modes using banks of plasma tubes making unique ionized gas satellite plasma antennas. The thermal noise of ionized gas plasma antennas is less than in the corresponding metal antennas at the higher frequencies. Solid state plasma antennas (also known as plasma silicon antennas) with steerable directional functionality that can be manufactured using standard silicon chip fabrication techniques are now also in development. Plasma silicon antennas are candidates for use in WiGig (the planned enhancement to Wi-Fi), and have other potential applications, for example in reducing the cost of vehicle-mounted radar collision avoidance systems.

## Operation

In an ionized gas plasma antenna, a gas is ionized to create a plasma. Unlike gases, plasmas have very high electrical conductivity so it is possible for radio frequency signals to travel through them so that they act as a driven element (such as a dipole antenna) to radiate radio waves, or to receive them. Alternatively the plasma can be used as a reflector or a lens to guide and focus radio waves from another source.
Solid-state antennas differ in that the plasma is created from electrons generated by activating thousands of diodes on a silicon chip.

## Advantages

Plasma antennas possess a number of advantages over metal antennas, including:
* As soon as the plasma generator is switched off, the plasma returns to a non conductive gas and therefore becomes effectively invisible to radar.
* They can be dynamically tuned and reconfigured for frequency, direction, bandwidth, gain and beamwidth, so replacing the need for multiple antennas.
* They are resistant to electronic warfare.
* At satellite frequencies, they exhibit much less thermal noise and are capable of faster data rates.
# Keelay and Zaire

Kyle "Keelay" Pierce (born December 5, 1980) and Tim "Zaire" Lewis (born March 1, 1980), better known as Keelay & Zaire, are hip hop producers from the San Francisco, California and Newport News, Virginia areas respectively. The production team met on an online message board.

## Biography

Keelay, originally from the city of Salt Lake City, Utah, now resides in San Francisco, California, and is in charge of the duo's West Coast production headquarters, The Torta Oven. Keelay is a talented producer who got his start in hip hop by working with the likes of Cali Agents, Fortilive, and Saafir, prominent emcees within the hip hop genre.
Zaire, originating from Dayton, Ohio, now resides in Newport News, Virginia, and supplies the other half of the production work from Sole Vibe Studios East, located in Newport News as well. On the east coast, Zaire maintains a constant flow of music by collaborating with local Virginian artists, most notably emcee/songwriter Khizman of Trophy Winner Records, a native of the city of Norfolk, VA, and Newport News' own singer/songwriter Jonathan Moore.
Keelay & Zaire released a free EP in January 2009 entitled 'Prelude To Drive EP' on Myx Music Label, featuring artists such as Supastition, Khizman and Tiffany Paige, and will release their debut LP 'Ridin' High' on February 24, 2009.
In recent years Keelay and Zaire have been pursuing their music careers separately. In 2012 Zaire released his first solo album, titled “Warrior King”. The album was followed by albums "New World" and "May Flower". Zaire's latest album, "Royal Blue Dream" was released on May 1, 2015. Zaire is also CEO of his own Philadelphia-based record label called Foreva Young.

## Discography
### Solo

* 2006: "The Sole Vibe-The Appetizer"
* 2006: "Smoke and Mirrors (The Sole Vibe Remixes)"
* 2007: "Ridin High EP"
* 2009: "Prelude To Drive EP", CD
* 2009: "Ridin' High", LP/CD

### Production credits

* 2005: "Scion CD Sampler Vol.12"
* 2007: "NCAA College Hoops 2k7"
* 2007: Emilio Rojas-"A Breath Of Fresh Air"
* 2007: Surreal-"Intelligent Design"
* 2008: Shaya-"Fallen Awake"
* 2008: Cre-8-"Keep Movin' EP"
* 2008: Supastition-"Leave Of Absence EP (Digital Version)"
* 2008: Crew 54-"Aggressive Soul"
* 2008: DJ JRonin-"All Elements Mixtapes Vol. 8, 9 and 10"
* 2008: Evangillest-"Quit Ya Dayjob Mixtape"
* 2010: Mario Dones-"Ring To It"
# Kalatun, Fars

Kalatun (Persian: كلاتون, also Romanized as Kalātūn; also known as Kalātū) is a village in Khesht Rural District, Khesht District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 18, in 6 families.
# Georges Dor

Georges Dor (March 10, 1931 – July 24, 2001) was a Canadian author, composer, playwright, singer, poet, translator, and theatrical producer and director.

## Early life

Dor was born Georges-Henri Dore in Drummondville into a large family. As a young man he worked in a factory, and studied at the École du Théâtre du Nouveau Monde in Montreal.

## Career

Dor undertook a career in radio as a disc jockey and news director. In the 1950s he worked at CHLN in Trois-Rivières. Beginning in 1957, he worked for Radio-Canada where he became a director for the Evening News.
Dor wrote poems for many years; in 1964 he was encouraged by friends to compete in an amateur singing competition. He began singing professionally in early 1965, and released his first album in 1966. One of the songs from this album, his composition "La Manic", whose lyrics were a love letter written by a construction worker on the Manicouagan power project, became the most popular recording ever by a Quebec chansonnier, winning the Felix Leclerc award at the 1968 Festival du Disques. Other songs had similar success, notably "Une boîte à chanson" (A Music Box) and "Pour la musique" (For Music).
He continued to perform as a singer until 1972, and to record until 1978. After that he worked mainly in the theatre and in television, producing and writing plays and téléromans. He also wrote two novels and published several collections of poetry.
# Cuyamecalco Mixtec

Cuyamecalco Mixtec is a Mixtec language of Oaxaca spoken in Cuyamecalco, San Miguel Santa Flor, and Santa Ana Cuauhtémoc. Egland & Bartholomew had found Cuauhtémoc to be more intelligible with Coatzospan Mixtec, which in any case is close to Cuyamecalco.
# Sindihui Mixtec

Sindihui Mixtec is a nearly extinct Mixtec language spoken in the town of Santa Maria Sindihui in Oaxaca. It is not close to other varieties of Mixtec. It is only spoken by older adults.
# Tidaá Mixtec

Tidaá Mixtec is a moribund Mixtec language of Oaxaca. It is not close to other varieties of Mixtec.
# Teilma, Jõgeva County

Teilma is a village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia.
# Zacatepec Mixtec

Zacatepec Mixtec, or Tacuate, is a Mixtec language of Oaxaca. It is spoken in the town of Santa María Zacatepec and other towns in Oaxaca, Mexico.
It has 64% intelligibility of Ixtayutla Mixtec, 63% of Pinotepa Mixtec, 40%–50% of Metlatónoc [mxv], 25%–30% of Yoloxóchitl Mixtec.