OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Haementeria ghilianii

Haementeria ghilianii, commonly known as the Amazon giant leech, is one of the world's largest species of leeches.

## Taxonomy and discovery

Haementeria ghilianii is a species of leech in the Glossiphoniidae family, comprising freshwater proboscis-bearing leeches. Colloquially, they are known as the Amazon giant leech. Following its initial description in 1849, additional details were provided based on specimens from French Guiana in 1899, after which the species was largely forgotten for over 70 years.

### Rediscovery and colonization

In the 1970s, Dr. Roy Sawyer discovered two adult specimens in a pond located in French Guiana. One of these leeches, dubbed Grandma Moses, founded a successful breeding colony at UC Berkeley. This specimen produced 750 offspring. Following Grandma Moses' death, the specimen was placed in the Smithsonian's National Invertebrate Collection.

## Description

Haementeria ghilianii is a jawless, blood-sucking leech. It can grow to 450 mm (17.7 in) in length and 100 mm (3.9 in) in width. This makes it the largest freshwater leech known. As adults, these leeches are a uniform greyish-brown color. Juveniles do not have a uniform color, but rather, a noncontinuous greyish-brown stripe and patches of color. The leeches form a "cobra hood" like shape that is widest in the center but tapers off on both ends. The wider end is where the proboscis is located, while the head is at the narrow end; H. ghilianii is made up 34 segments, each with its own ganglia.

### Life cycle

This species is hermaphroditic; the male reproductive system is 3 g (0.0066 lb) to 5 g (0.011 lb) while the female reproductive system is 10 g (0.022 lb). Growth is irregular, as the leech's body weight increases by 3 to 6 fold times per feeding. Fecundity is based upon the weight of the leech during oviposition; egg clutches range from 60 to 500 eggs.

## Behavior and ecology

When stressed, leeches will produce mucus to evade predators.

### Feeding

Unlike jawed leeches who use rows of teeth to puncture skin, Haementeria ghilianii uses a 10 centimetres (3.9 in) hypodermic needle-like proboscis to feed. Bites are kept open by the fibrinogenolytic (breaks up fibrinogen) enzyme hementin, which is secreted from the proboscis' lumen; secretion is neurologically controlled. Hementin dissolves clots within the proboscis by breaking up the fibrinogen links between individual platelets. Once attached to a host, they release anticoagulants to prevent clotting. Then, the leeches extract blood at a rate of up to 0.14 ml/min, consuming 15 ml of blood total. Blood is moved into the digestive system through a series of undulation movements, and leeches can go months without feeding. Observed host species include humans, rabbits, and cows. Claims from 1899 state that leeches could aggregate to the point of killing birds and cattle.

## Distribution

Haementeria ghilianii is endemic to the northern portions of the Amazon river, ranging from Venezuela and the Guianas.
# Book of Magical Charms

The Book of Magical Charms, is a handwritten occult commonplace book composed in England in the seventeenth century and currently in the holdings of the Newberry Library in Chicago, Illinois. Its author is suspected to be London attorney Robert Ashley.

## Details

The Book of Magical Charms original volume, that has dos-à-dos binding, has no title, nor any named author. "Book of Magical Charms" is the title assigned to it by the library staff who acquired it in 1988 along with a bundle of medical texts. Its pages were written using iron gall ink and likely a quill pen utilising Latin and archaic English. The book contains numerous passages regarding charms for things such as healing a toothache or recovering a lost voice as well as how to talk to spirits.
Although the book's principal author is not named, he was identified in 2017 from his handwriting as a London lawyer, Robert Ashley. Ashley likely composed the book over the course of his lifetime. No copies of the book were ever made.
The Newberry Library has made the book's pages available for the public to read and transcribe/translate. The library dates the book c.1600–1699, and the subjects covered as: medicine, magic, mysticism, and spagiric magic.
# Edo Flego

Edo Flego (born 27 July 1975) is a retired Croatian football player.

## Playing career
### Club

During his career, he spent two seasons playing in the Croatian First Football League with HNK Rijeka. He also spent one season in the Slovenian PrvaLiga with NK Primorje and five seasons in the Croatian Second Football League.

## Managerial career

Following his retirement in 2012 he has been working as a manager. He was appointed Director of HNK Rijeka Academy in June 2016.
He was later rehired by Orijent but dismissed by the club in May 2022.
# Altanochir

Altanochir (1887 – ?), also known under the Chinese name of Jin Yongchang (Chinese: 金永昌; pinyin: Jīn Yǒngchāng), was an Inner Mongolian politician under the Republic of China and the Mengjiang government.

## Career

When Altanochir was in his youth, he was one of a small number of Mongolian students sent to Japan under the sponsorship of Prince Gungsangnorbu of Right Harqin Banner. He would go on to become a member of the Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. He would go on to join the Mengjiang government in 1937, and rose to the position of Minister of Communications in 1939. He also served as first head of the Mongolian Cultural Centre (蒙古文化館) in Hohhot. In September 1939, he was succeeded by Idchin (伊德欽) in that position, and became rector of the Mongolian Academy (蒙古學院).
Altanochir was known to have remained in mainland China following the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, but his fate after that point is unknown. His son Togtakhu (托克托琥) was active in the Kuomintang, and went on to teach at the Mongolian and Tibetan School in Beijing.
# Liza Renlund

Liza Renlund (born 21 February 1997), sometimes referred to as Lisa Renlund, is a Swedish former footballer who played as a forward.

## Club career

After starting her career with Älvsby IF, Renlund joined Piteå IF prior to the 2012 Damallsvenskan season. She appeared in 14 games in the Division 3 for Piteå IF 2 and was an unused substitute in one match in the Damallsvenskan. The following season she appeared in two matches in the Damallsvenskan but missed the majority of the season due to a knee injury. She later joined Umeå IK but did not appear in any matches due to problems with her knee that required two surgeries.

## International career

In 2013, Renlund was called up to the Swedish U16 national team to participate in the Nordic U-16 Championships in Iceland in July 2013. She appeared in four games, netting one goal.
# Ceslaus

Ceslaus, O.P., (Polish: Czesław) (c. 1184 – c. 1242) was born in Kamień Śląski in Silesia, Poland, of the noble family of Odrowąż, and was a relative, possibly the brother, of Hyacinth of Poland.

## Biography

Having studied philosophy at Prague, he pursued his theological and juridical studies at the University of Bologna, after which he returned to Kraków, where he held the office of canon and custodian of the church of Sandomierz.
About 1218 he accompanied his uncle Ivo, Bishop of Kraków, to Rome. Hearing of the great sanctity of Dominic of Osma, who had recently been attributed the miracle of resuscitating the nephew of Cardinal Stefano di Fossa Nova who had been killed in a fall from his horse, Ceslaus, together with Hyacinth, sought admission into the Order of Friars Preachers.
In 1219 Pope Honorius III invited Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220. Hyacinth and Ceslaus along with their companions Herman and Henry were among the first to enter the studium of the Dominican Order at Rome out of which would grow the 16th-century College of Saint Thomas at Santa Maria sopra Minerva and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in the 20th century. After an abbreviated novitiate Ceslaus, Hyacinth and their companions received the religious habit of the Order from Dominic himself in 1220.
Their novitiate completed, Dominic sent the young friars back as missionaries to their own country. Establishing a friary at Friesach in Austria, they proceeded to Kraków whence Ceslaus was sent by Hyacinth to Prague, the metropolis of Bohemia.
Labouring with much fruit throughout the Diocese of Prague, Ceslaus went to Wrocław, where he founded a large priory, and then extended his missionary labours over a vast territory, embracing Bohemia, Poland, Pomerania, and Saxony.
Sometime after the death of Hyacinth he was chosen the Provincial Superior for Poland. Whilst he was superior of the convent of Wrocław all Poland was threatened by the Mongols. The city of Wrocław being besieged, the people sought the aid of Ceslaus, who by his prayers miraculously averted the impending calamity. Four persons are said to have been raised to life by him. He died at Wrocław. His tomb is located in the Church of St. Adalbert in Wrocław.
Having always been venerated as a blessed, his cult was finally confirmed by Pope Clement XI in 1713. His feast is celebrated throughout the Dominican Order on 16 July.
# Fafos

Fafos is a Neolithic archaeological site in Mitrovicë, Kosovë.

## Location

The archaeological site of Fafos is situated in the suburban area of Mitrovica, set within the industrial quarter of a phosphates production factory.

## Overview

The site was explored between 1955 and 1961, covering an area of approximately 1,200 square meters. The excavations confirmed the existence of two distinct Neolithic settlements (Vinča culture), separated by around 200 meters. The earlier settlement (Fafos I) featured semi-subterranean shelter huts, while the later settlement (Fafos II) had house-huts arranged side by side. Archaeological research revealed that most of the huts were destroyed in a large fire. Artifacts found in both settlements include everyday objects, cult items, ritual vases, and anthropomorphic figurines.
# Pornography in Bhutan

The law in Bhutan prohibits the consumption or distribution of pornography. It is defined in Section 476 (A) of the Bhutan Penal Code of 2004, which states, "A defendant shall be guilty of the offence of computer pornography if the defendant publishes and distributes an obscene photography or picture on the computer or over the internet."

## Types of publication
### Internet

Social messaging app WeChat has popularised pornography in Bhutan.

## Convicted cases

The Royal Bhutan Police registered seventeen cases of computer pornography between 2007 and 2019.
On 13 April 2018, two women were convicted for pornography for taking nude photographs of their friend while asleep from being drunk and posting them on WeChat. On 14 May, the court sentenced the girl who took the picture and posted it on WeChat. She was detained for 14 days after her arrest and had to pay 43,250 ngultrum in lieu of her original serving period of nearly a year. The other girl who told her to take the photo was sentenced to six months in prison, but was also detained for 14 days so she paid 20,750 ngultrum instead.
# Georgios Neofytidis

Georgios Neofytidis (Greek: Γεώργιος Νεοφυτίδης; born 28 July 2000) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.

## Career
### Zemplín Michalovce

On 15 February 2020, Neofytidis made his Fortuna Liga debut for Zemplín Michalovce against AS Trenčín.
# Love & Pride

"Love & Pride" is the debut single by British band King, produced by Richard James Burgess and featured on the band's first studio album, Steps in Time.
The single was first released in April 1984 but was not a success, spending only three weeks on the UK Singles Chart and reaching a lowly No. 84. However, after the group performed the song on Saturday morning television at the end of 1984, CBS Records re-released it and it became a big hit. "Love & Pride" hit No. 2 on the UK chart in February 1985, remaining there for three consecutive weeks and only being held from the top spot by "I Know Him So Well", the duet by Elaine Paige and Barbara Dickson.
The single failed to duplicate this success in the US, where it stalled at No. 55 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was more popular in clubs, where two separate 12" remixes propelled it to No. 17 on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. The single features a Prophet 5 synthesizer.
British electronic band Cicada sampled portions of "Love & Pride" on their song "Woh" off their 2011 album Sunburst.

## Track listings
### 7" CBS Records / A 4988 (UK)

* A "Love & Pride" – 3:20
* B "Don't Stop" – 4:15

### 2 x 7" (Double Pack) CBS Records / DA 4988 (UK)

* A1 "Love & Pride" – 3:20
* A2 "Don't Stop" – 4:15
* B1 "Love & Pride" (Live Version)
* B2 "I Kissed the Spikey Fridge" (Live Version)

### 12" CBS Records / TX 4988 (UK)

* A1 "Love & Pride" (Body & Soul Mix) – 5:27
* B1 "Don't Stop" (Edit) – 3:38
* B2 "Classic Strangers" – 3:32

### 12" Epic / 49 05236 (US)

* A "Love & Pride" (Extended Mix) – 6:14
* B "Love & Pride" (Dub Mix) – 4:05
# Wolfinger

Wolfinger is a surname. It may refer to:
* August Wolfinger (born 1949), Liechtenstein alpine skier
* Fabio Wolfinger (born 1996), Liechtenstein footballer
* Franz Wolfinger (1820–1893), Liechtenstein politician
* Joe Wolfinger (born 1985), American basketball player
* Joseph Wolfinger, Sr. (1857–1941), American businessman, inventor and politician
* Nicholas H. Wolfinger, American researcher, academic and educator
* Ray Wolfinger (1931–2015), American political scientist and professor
* Sandro Wolfinger (born 1991), Liechtenstein football player
* Weltin Wolfinger (1926–2010), Liechtenstein bobsledder
# Journal of Late Antique, Islamic and Byzantine Studies

The Journal of Late Antique, Islamic and Byzantine Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal that focuses on Late Antique, Byzantine, and Islamic literature, history, archaeology, and material culture. The journal covers research from the fourth to the fifteenth century and emphasizes interdisciplinary dialogue and cross-cultural exchange.
The editors-in-chief are Petros Bouras-Vallianatos, Marie Legendre, Daisy Livingston, and Yannis Stouraitis.
# Bathysolea

Bathysolea is a genus of soles native to the eastern Atlantic and western Indian oceans.

## Species

There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* Bathysolea lactea Roule, 1916
* Bathysolea lagarderae Quéro & Desoutter, 1990
* Bathysolea polli (Chabanaud, 1950)
* Bathysolea profundicola (Vaillant, 1888) (Deepwater sole)
# Cathedral of St. Mary of the Annunciation (Cape Girardeau, Missouri)

The Cathedral of St. Mary of the Annunciation, also known as St. Mary's Cathedral, is a Catholic cathedral in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States. Along with St. Agnes Cathedral in Springfield, Missouri it is the seat of the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau.

## History

Plans were made as early as 1858 to establish a parish for Cape Girardeau's German population. The Civil War caused a delay in carrying out the plans. Property was acquired at the corner of Sprigg and William Streets for $650. Ground was broken for the parish church on the Feast of the Annunciation of the Lord, March 25, 1868, and the cornerstone was laid on August 2. The first Mass was celebrated in the church on February 2, 1869. A rectory was built in 1885. In 1891 the church was redecorated and the bells were placed in the tower.
The Sisters of St. Francis arrived to teach in the parish school in 1875. Two years later they built a convent on the northwest corner of Sprigg and William Streets. They expanded the building in 1882 and opened St. Francis Hospital. St. Mary's Cemetery was established in 1903.
Major renovations of the church occurred in 1954 and 1968. The Magnificat windows were added in 1954. On July 2, 1956 Pope Pius XII established the Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau St. Agnes Church in Springfield was named as the new diocese's cathedral and St. Mary as the co-cathedral. The current rectory was built in 1957.
St. Vincent De Paul Church became a part of the Cathedral Parish in 1977 and was named a chapel of ease at that time. The parish hall was added in 1978 and another renovation of the cathedral's interior occurred in 1985. The steeple was restored and a new organ was installed from 1990 to 1991. The parish office building was completed in January 2000.

## Catholic schools

The parish grade school was established in 1875 with the Sisters of St. Francis serving as the faculty. A new school building opened in 1882. The Franciscans were replaced by the School Sisters of Notre Dame in 1903. They continued to teach in the school until 1993. A new convent was built for the Sisters in 1905. The main part of the present grade school building was built in 1912. St. Mary's High School, now Notre Dame High School, was opened in 1925. The front part of the grade school building was built in 1937. Yet another new convent was built in 1955. It is currently used as a youth center. In 1978 a gymnasium and kindergarten were added to the grade school. Improvements were made to the school offices, classrooms, library and gymnasium in 2004 and 2006.

## Gallery

* Cathedral looking northwest
* Fountain south of church
* View up the nave to the sanctuary
* High Altar
* Ceiling mural
# Edward Herbert, 3rd Baron Herbert of Chirbury

Edward Herbert, 3rd Baron Herbert of Chirbury (1633-1678) was an English aristocrat and soldier.

## Life

He was the elder son of Richard Herbert, 2nd Baron Herbert of Chirbury. He joined the royalist uprising under Sir George Booth, when he declared for Charles II in Cheshire in 1659, and suffered a short imprisonment. After the Restoration he was made custos rotulorum of Montgomeryshire (24 August 1660), and Denbighshire (1666).
Richard Davies a Quaker, of Welshpool in Montgomeryshire, often appealed to Herbert in behalf of coreligionists committed to prison; and Herbert was sympathetic. He was, Davies says, a very big fat man.
Herbert corresponded frequently with his great-uncle, Sir Henry Herbert. He died 9 December 1678, and was buried in St Edmund's Chapel, Westminster Abbey. He built a half timbered mansion in Lymore Park, which was completed in 1677, the year before his death. Lymore lies to the east-southeast of Montgomery, and the house was largely demolished in 1931

## Family

Herbert married firstly Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Myddelton of Chirk Castle, and secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of George Brydges, 6th Baron Chandos, but had no issue.
# Hopewell, Fulton County, Georgia

34°09′10″N 84°17′08″W﻿ / ﻿34.15278°N 84.28556°W﻿ / 34.15278; -84.28556
Hopewell is an unincorporated community in Fulton County, Georgia, United States. It lies at an elevation of 1122 feet (342 m).
The community was so named on account of first settlers' optimistic spirit.
# Mark Lepper

Mark R. Lepper (born December 5, 1944) is the Albert Ray Lang Professor of psychology at Stanford University, and a leading theorist in social psychology. He is particularly known for his research on attribution theory and confirmation bias, and for his collaborations with Lee Ross.

## Life

Lepper is primarily responsible for the elucidation of the overjustification effect, alongside Richard Nisbett.
With frequent collaborator Lee Ross, and Robert Vallone, he authored the first study to identify the hostile media effect. With Ross and Charles Lord he also authored an important study on attitude change and what is now called disconfirmation bias. With Lord he later theorized attitude representation theory. He has also worked with Thomas Gilovich and Merrill Carlsmith.
Lepper attended Stanford University as an undergraduate, earning a B.A. with great distinction in psychology in 1966. He subsequently earned a Ph.D. in Social and Developmental Psychology at Yale University in 1970, returning to Stanford in 1971 as an assistant professor. Lepper became a full professor of psychology and, by courtesy, of education in 1982, and has since served as chairman of the department of psychology between 1990 and 1994, and again after 2000. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association and a charter fellow of the American Psychological Society.
# Edward Hull (geologist)

Edward Hull FRS (21 May 1829 – 18 October 1917) was an Irish geologist and stratigrapher who held the position of Director of the Geological Survey of Ireland. He was also a professor of geology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. His dates are listed in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

## Biography

He was born in Antrim, Ireland, the eldest son of the Reverend J.D. Hull. He graduated B.A. from Trinity College, Dublin.
He joined the Geological Survey of Ireland and worked in Wales and on the Lancashire Coalfield. He worked for the Geological Survey of Scotland (1867-1868) and led an expedition to survey parts of Arabia Petraea and Palestine (1883). He became Director of the Irish branch of the Survey and retired in 1891. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June 1867. He was President of the Royal Geological Society of Ireland in 1873.
His daughter Charlotte Ferguson-Davie became a noted physician. He died at his home in Notting Hill, London, aged 88. Edward Hull's obituarist wrote of him, "He maintained the honour of a gentleman."

## Works

* The geology of the country around Wigan, Memoirs / Geological Survey. England and Wales; no. 89 S.W., H.M.S.O., London, 1860
* The geology of the country around Prescot, Lancashire (2nd ed.), H.M.S.O., 1865
* The Triassic and Permian rocks of the midland counties of England, [Gt. Brit. Geological survey] Memoirs of the Geological survey, England and Wales, H.M.S.O., London, 1869
* The Physical Geology and Geography of Ireland, Edward Stranforth, London, 1878; (revised, 2nd edition, 1891)
* The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoir on the Physical Geology and Geography of Arabia Petraea. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. 1886.
* Volcanoes: Past and Present. The contemporary science series. London: Walter Scott, Ltd. 1892.
* The Wallchart of World History; This book has been updated in the late 20th century and 21st century.
* The Coal-fields of Great Britain: Their History, Structure and Resources, E. Stanford, 1861
* Geology of Belfast and the Lagan Valley: (One-Inch Geological Sheet 36) - with H. E. Wilson, Manning, P. I., and James Andrew Robbie.
* Reminiscences of a Strenuous Life (autobiography), 1909, 2nd edition, 1910
** (review) "Review of Reminiscences of a Strenuous Life by Edward Hull". Nature. 83 (2118): 395–396. 2 June 1910. doi:10.1038/083395b0. hdl:2027/inu.39000025091393. S2CID 3991838.

## Family

Hull married in 1857 Mary Catherine Henrietta Cooke, daughter of Charles Turner Cooke, a surgeon in Cheltenham and his wife Catherine Bennett Cooke. They had a family of two sons and four daughters, who included Eleanor Hull and Charlotte Elizabeth Ferguson-Davie. Another daughter, Alice, married in 1896 John Hill Twigg (1841–1917) of the Indian Civil Service.
Coat of arms of Edward Hull :
* Notes6 June 1901
* CrestOn a wreath of the colours a talbot's head erased Argent gorged with a collar dancettee Erminois between two laurel branches Proper.
* EscutcheonSable a chevron engrailed Erminois between three talbots' heads erased Argent.
* MottoVi Et Virtute