OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cusp neighborhood

In mathematics, a cusp neighborhood is defined as a set of points near a cusp singularity.

## Cusp neighborhood for a Riemann surface

The cusp neighborhood for a hyperbolic Riemann surface can be defined in terms of its Fuchsian model.
Suppose that the Fuchsian group G contains a parabolic element g. For example, the element t ∈ SL(2,Z) where
    $t(z)={\begin{pmatrix}1&1\\0&1\end{pmatrix}}:z={\frac {1\cdot z+1}{0\cdot z+1}}=z+1$
is a parabolic element. Note that all parabolic elements of SL(2,C) are conjugate to this element. That is, if g ∈ SL(2,Z) is parabolic, then $g=h^{-1}th$ for some h ∈ SL(2,Z).
The set
    $U=\{z\in \mathbf {H} :\Im z>1\}$
where H is the upper half-plane has
    $\gamma (U)\cap U=\emptyset$
for any $\gamma \in G-\langle g\rangle$ where $\langle g\rangle$ is understood to mean the group generated by g. That is, γ acts properly discontinuously on U. Because of this, it can be seen that the projection of U onto H/G is thus
    $E=U/\langle g\rangle$.
Here, E is called the neighborhood of the cusp corresponding to g.
Note that the hyperbolic area of E is exactly 1, when computed using the canonical Poincaré metric. This is most easily seen by example: consider the intersection of U defined above with the fundamental domain
    $\left\{z\in H:\left|z\right|>1,\,\left|\,{\mbox{Re}}(z)\,\right|<{\frac {1}{2}}\right\}$
of the modular group, as would be appropriate for the choice of T as the parabolic element. When integrated over the volume element
    $d\mu ={\frac {dxdy}{y^{2}}}$
the result is trivially 1. Areas of all cusp neighborhoods are equal to this, by the invariance of the area under conjugation.
# Julio Ramírez (footballer)

Julio César Ramírez (born 30 April 1974) is a Uruguayan former footballer who played the majority of his career in Uruguay for Montevideo Wanderers, Miramar Misiones and Progreso. He also had a short stint in Chile for Audax Italiano.
Ramírez joined Montevideo Wanderers in 1988 at the age of 13.
Despite playing as a defender for the Wanderers, Ramírez became known as the "Prado Sniper" (Spanish: El francotirador del Prado) for his goalscoring - he often took penalties and free kicks for the team.
Ramírez left Montevideo Wanderers to join Audax Italiano ahead of the 2005 Chilean Torneo Apertura.
In mid-2005, Ramírez returned to Uruguay to join Miramar Misiones.
After joining Progreso in 2006, he was part of the team that won the 2006 Uruguayan Segunda División.
# New York Crystal Palace

New York Crystal Palace was an exhibition building constructed for the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City in 1853, which was under the presidency of the mayor Jacob Aaron Westervelt. The building stood on a site behind the Croton Distributing Reservoir in what is now Bryant Park. It was destroyed by fire on October 5, 1858.

## Use in the exhibition

New York City's 1853 Exhibition was held on a site behind the Croton Distributing Reservoir, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues on 42nd Street, in what is today Bryant Park in the borough of Manhattan. The New York Crystal Palace was designed by Georg Carstensen and German architect Charles Gildemeister, and was directly inspired by The Crystal Palace built in London's Hyde Park to house The Great Exhibition of 1851. The New York Crystal Palace had the shape of a Greek cross, and was crowned by a dome 100 ft (30 m) in diameter. Like the Crystal Palace of London, it was constructed from iron and glass. Construction was handled by engineer Christian Edward Detmold. Horatio Allen was the consulting engineer, and Edmund Cobb Hurry (1807-1875) was the consulting architect.
President Franklin Pierce spoke at the dedication on July 14, 1853. Theodore Sedgwick was the first president of the Crystal Palace Association. After a year, he was succeeded by Phineas T. Barnum who put together a reinauguration in May 1854 when Henry Ward Beecher and Elihu Burritt were the featured orators. This revived interest in the Palace, but by the end of 1856 it was a dead property. Elisha Otis demonstrated the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke, at the Crystal Palace in 1854 in a dramatic presentation.

## Observatory

The adjoining Latting Observatory, a wooden tower 315 feet (96 m) high, allowed visitors to see into Queens to the east, Staten Island to the south, and New Jersey to the west. The tower, taller than the spire of Trinity Church at 290 feet (88 m), was the tallest structure in New York City from the time it was constructed in 1853 until it was shortened in 1855; it burned down in 1856. The Crystal Palace itself barely escaped destruction.

## Destruction

The New York Crystal Palace was destroyed by fire on October 5, 1858, during the American Institute Fair held there. The fire began in a lumber room on the side adjacent to 42nd Street. Within fifteen minutes its dome fell and in twenty-five minutes the entire structure had burned to the ground. There were no deaths but the loss of property amounted to more than $350,000 (equivalent to $12,325,000 in 2023). This included the building, valued at $125,000 (equivalent to $4,402,000 in 2023), and exhibits and valuable statuary remaining from the World's Fair.
# Esteban Petignat

Esteban Petignat (born 17 May 2000) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bulle.

## Club career

On 14 December 2022, Petignat's contract with Young Boys was terminated by mutual agreement.
On 21 February 2023, Petignat signed a contract with Cham in Swiss Promotion League, on a contract for the rest of the season. In July 2023, he extended the contract by one year.
# Michael Magee (writer)

Michael Magee (born May 1990), also known as Michael Nolan, is a writer from Northern Ireland.
His first novel, Close to Home, won the Rooney Prize for Irish Literature, was a category winner in the Nero Book Awards, and was the Waterstones Irish Book of the Year.

## Early life and education

Magee was born in May 1990 in a republican family and grew up in Poleglass, on the edge of west Belfast. He attended the Christian Brothers school at Andersonstown "sporadically", but went on to study at Liverpool John Moores University and earn a PhD in creative writing at Queen's University Belfast.

## Writing career

Magee's first novel, Close to Home (2023), won the 2023 Rooney Prize for Irish Literature, was category winner for debut fiction in the 2023 Nero Book Awards, was the Waterstones Irish Book of the Year, and winner of the John McGahern Prize. The Guardian's reviewer described it as "a staggeringly humane and tender evocation of class, violence and the challenge of belonging in a world that seems designed to keep you watching from the sidelines.", and a representative of Waterstones said that it was "the unanimous choice for Irish Book of the Year by all the booksellers in Ireland, north and south". The publishers, Hamish Hamilton, have also bought the rights to Magee's second novel.
Magee has been published in Winter Papers, The Stinging Fly and The 32: An Anthology of Irish Working-Class Voices (2021, Unbound: ISBN 978-1800180246), In 2014, he published an ebook novella The Blame, under the name Michael Nolan.
He is the fiction editor of The Tangerine, a Belfast literary magazine, and was one of the team which launched it in 2016.

## Selected publications
### Long fiction

* Nolan, Michael (2014). The Blame (ebook ed.). Salt Publishing. ISBN 9781784630041.
* Magee, Michael (2023). Close to Home (hardcover 1st ed.). London: Hamish Hamilton, an imprint of Penguin Books. ISBN 9780241582978.

### Short stories and essays

* Magee, Michael (2014). "Bottles". The Stinging Fly. 29 (2).
* Magee, Michael (2017). "Rustlers". The Stinging Fly. 36 (2).
* Magee, Michael. "Mostly Full Coverage". In Connolly, Stephen (ed.). The World Was All Before Them. Lifeboat Press. ISBN 9781916222878.
# Siyasat Jadid

Siyasat Jadid is an Indian Urdu language daily newspaper based in Kanpur. Registered in 1953, the newspaper is considered to be "one of Uttar Pradesh's oldest Urdu dailies".
# List of storms named Octave

The name Octave has been used for five tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
* Tropical Storm Octave (1983) – a moderately strong tropical storm that caused catastrophic flooding in Arizona
* Hurricane Octave (1989) – a Category 4 major hurricane off the coast of Mexico
* Hurricane Octave (2001) – a Category 1 hurricane which became the last named storm of the season
* Tropical Storm Octave (2013) – a strong tropical storm which caused minimal damage in Baja California
* Tropical Storm Octave (2019) – minimal tropical storm that stayed out to sea
# Chlorantraniliprole

Chlorantraniliprole is an insecticide of the diamide class used for insects found on fruit and vegetable crops as well as ornamental plants.
Chlorantraniliprole opens muscular calcium channels, in particular the ryanodine receptor, rapidly causing paralysis and ultimately death of sensitive species (IRAC class 28). The differential selectivity chlorantraniliprole has towards insect ryanodine receptors explains its low mammalian toxicity receptor. Chlorantraniliprole is active on chewing pest insects primarily by ingestion and secondarily by contact.
# Today Is Vintage

Today Is Vintage is an entertainment company founded in 2012 in Malmo, Sweden by music mogul Rebstar. As of 2022, the company represents Grammy winners and artists, songwriters and producers accumulating over 10 billion streams worldwide. Spearheading the "Swedish invasion", Today Is Vintage is one of country's leading record labels, music publishers and management firms with its headquarters in New York City.

## History

Today Is Vintage was founded by Swedish artist Rebstar in 2012 to serve as a platform for creative minds with international potential.
In late 2012, American-Hungarian Kállay Saunders became the first artist to sign to the label with his first single My Baby peaking #1 on the Hungarian Top 40 chart.
In 2019, Today Is Vintage moved its headquarters to New York City.
In 2020, the company launched its film and TV production division with Saturday Night Live writer Megan Callahan-Shah serving as co-founder and co-CEO.

## Roster

* Cassie Marin
* Dizzy Fae
* DJ Pain 1
* Francisco!
* GERD
* Haley Bridge
* Isac Cederborg
* New West
* Rebstar
* SYNCHRO
* T-Minus
* Virgin Miri
* XTINA GG
# Lewis B. Stillwell

Lewis Buckley Stillwell (March 12, 1863 – January 19, 1941) was an American electrical engineer and the president of American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) from 1909 to 1910. He received the AIEE Lamme Medal (1933) and the AIEE Edison Medal (1935), for "his distinguished engineering achievements and his pioneer work in the generation, distribution, and utilization of electric energy." He also was inducted into the IEEE's Electrical Engineering Hall of Fame. His papers (1886-1939) are held in the Manuscript Division of the Princeton University Library. In 1898, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. He was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1921.
Stillwell matriculated at Wesleyan University in 1882; two years later he entered Lehigh University and graduated in 1885 with a degree in electrical engineering. Lehigh bestowed the M.S. degree upon him in 1907; Wesleyan, the Sc.D. in the same year. "He is credited with a number of inventions including the Stillwell regulator and a time-limit circuit breaker." "Few of the pioneer electrical engineers of the United States contributed as much to the advancement of electrical engineering, and the position of the engineer in public esteem, as did Lewis Buckley Stillwell."
# Mercatel

Mercatel (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 4 miles (6 km) south of Arras.
# 2016 Belize–Guatemala border standoff

The 2016 Belize–Guatemala border standoff began when Belizean soldiers fatally shot a 13-year-old Guatemalan in the Cebada area of the Chiquibul National Park in western Belize with Guatemala.

## Events

Guatemalan authorities claimed that Julio René Alvarado Ruano, his father and his younger brother were shot by Belizean soldiers on 20 April 2016, while they were hunting in the Belize forest near the northern department of Petén. Julio died in hospital shortly afterwards from the severity of his wounds, while his father and brother were wounded but not critically. In a different version of events, Belize says its troops shot in self-defence after coming under fire while on patrol, and added that Julio's body was found just inside Belizean territory.
The Belizean government claimed in a statement that according to initial reports, its security forces were investigating illegal land clearing in the Cebada area of the Chiquibul National Park in western Belize when they detained a Guatemalan man suspected of illicit activities. It said the patrol came under fire around nightfall and shot back in self-defence. Before leaving the location just inside Belizean territory, the soldiers found the teenager's body, which was taken to Belize City for an autopsy. The Guatemalan foreign ministry said the autopsy conducted in Belize determined that the teenager had been shot eight times, including four times in the back, by a high-powered, military-grade rifle.
In response to the shooting, the Guatemalan government ordered the deployment of 3,000 troops along its border, including the special forces unit known as the Kaibiles, and recalled its ambassador to Belize.
# Hey Everybody

Hey Everybody may refer to:
* "Hey Everybody!", a 2015 song by 5 Seconds of Summer
* "Hey Everybody" (DJ Company song), 1994
* "Hey Everybody", a 2002 song by Jennifer Love Hewitt from the album BareNaked
* "Hey Everybody", a 2004 song by the Bormfunk MC's from the album Reverse Psychology
* "Hey Everybody", a 1981 single by People's Choice
* "Hey Everybody", a 1977 song by Debby Boone from the album You Light Up My Life
* "Hey Hey Everybody", a 2011 song by Lah-Lah from the album Making Music Lah-Lah's Way
# Rhythm Emotion

"Rhythm Emotion" is the second single by J-pop duo Two-Mix, released by King Records on November 22, 1995. Composed by the duo of Shiina Nagano and Minami Takayama, the song was used as the second opening theme of the anime series Mobile Suit Gundam Wing.
The single peaked at No. 8 on Oricon's weekly singles chart, becoming the duo's first top-10 single. It sold over 353,000 copies and was certified Gold by the RIAJ.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Shiina Nagano. All music is composed by Minami Takayama. All music is arranged by Two-Mix.

## Chart position

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| Japanese Oricon Singles Chart | 8 |

## Certification

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Gold | 200,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Other versions

Remixes of the song were released on the albums Two-(Re)Mix, BPM 150 Max, and BPM "Dance Unlimited". The duo recorded an orchestral mix with Les Solistes de Versailles on the 1998 self-cover album Baroque Best. An English-language version was recorded on the 2000 self-cover album BPM Cube.

## Cover versions

* Move covered the song on their 2011 cover album anim.o.v.e. 03.
* Yui Sakakibara covered the song on her 2015 cover album Love × Cover Songs 2.
* Nagi Yanagi covered the song on the 2022 various artists album Two-Mix Tribute Album "Crysta-Rhythm".
# Man-Shy

Man-Shy (1931) is a novel by Australian author Frank Dalby Davison. It won the ALS Gold Medal for Best Novel in 1931.

## Plot summary

Set on a Queensland cattle station, the novel tells the story of the interactions between man and beast with the cattle receiving prominence.

## Publication

The author was originally unable to find a publisher for the novel and was forced to publish it himself. It was later picked up by Angus & Robertson who issued a new edition.
The book was later published successfully in America, under the title The Red Heifer.

## Reviews

On its first release, the reviewer in The Sydney Sun praised Davison's ability to get into the mind of an animal without descending into bathos. The review concluded: "This author knows his subject, and brings to the work also a great love of all dumb brutes as well as a peculiarly fine descriptive gift. His station scenes are so vividly recalled that the reader can almost hear the bellowing of the beasts and the crack of the stockwhips."
Aidan de Brune, writing in The West Australian in a retrospective of the author's work stated that "Like the painter of pictures in oils, the writer, who is a painter of pictures in words, must trust his eye, and use his eye, before he begins to use his pen. Frank Davison understands this. He has looked closely at Australia before beginning to write about it. He has looked through his own eyes and not through the spectacles kindly provided for our use by English, and other visitors, to this country. That is why the work of Frank Dalby Davison is a portent for the future of the Australian novel."
A reviewer in The Queensland Times noted that "With a happy gift of expression, Mr. Davison has painted the ordinary round of work on a cattle station with startling new tints, and always from the angle of the beast on the hoof."

## References in books

In Alex Miller's novel Coal Creek, hard-boiled inmates at Stuart prison soften at this tale of a red heifer's bid for freedom, "and were like children with it, demanding to have it read to them over and over".

## Awards and nominations

* 1931 winner ALS Gold Medal
# Rao (insect)

Rao is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Platygastridae.
Species:
# Vinton Cassidy

Vinton Cassidy is an American politician from Maine. Vinton, a Republican, was elected a Washington County Commissioner in November 2013. He had previously served as State Senator from 1992 to 1998, representing District 3 in Washington County. In 1992, he defeated incumbent Democrat Harry Vose to take the seat. He has also been appointed to state boards by two governors, Democrat John Baldacci and Republican Paul LePage.

## Personal

Cassidy was born and raised in Calais, Maine and he graduated from Calais High School and nearby Northern Maine Vocational Technical College (NMVTC) before graduating from the University of Southern Maine. In 2012, he began his thirty-third year of instructing at Washington County Community College (formerly NMVTC).

## Political experience

Cassidy was first elected to the Calais Town Council in 1971. Serving until 1987, he served several terms as mayor. In 1992, he won a three-way race and defeated incumbent Democrat Harry Vose for the District 3 State Senate seat. He served until 1998. He was appointed by Governor John Baldacci to the Commission on Government, Ethics, and Election Practices, where he served two years. He was also appointed by Governor Paul LePage to serve on the Maine State Board of Corrections.
# Marcell Fodor

Marcell Fodor (born 27 October 1987) is a Hungarian football defender who plays for Puskás Akadémia II.

## Honours
### Debreceni VSC

* Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 2009–10
# Minami-machi 2-chome Station

Minami-machi 2-chome is a Hiroden station (tram stop) on Hiroden Hijiyama Line, located in Minami-ku, Hiroshima.

## Routes

From Minami-machi 2-chome Station, there are one of Hiroden Streetcar routes.
* Hiroshima Station - (via Hijiyama-shita) - Hiroshima Port Route

## Connections
### █ Hijiyama Line

       Minami-kuyakusho-mae — Minami-machi 2-chome — Minami-machi 6-chome

## History

* Opened on December 27, 1944
* Service was stopped on February 1, 1945
* Reopened on July 1, 1948
# Alla Grishchenkova

Alla Grishchenkova (born 27 August 1961) is a Russian former butterfly swimmer who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Pontiac Regional County Municipality

Pontiac (French pronunciation:) is a regional county municipality in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. Campbell's Bay is the county seat. It should not be confused with the municipality of Pontiac, which is located in the neighbouring Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais Regional County Municipality. For the electoral district see Pontiac (federal electoral district).

## Subdivisions

There are 18 subdivisions within the RCM:

## Demographics
### Language

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Pontiac Regional County Municipality, Quebec :
| Census | Total | French | French | French | English | English | English | French & English | French & English | French & English | Other | Other | Other |
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2016 | 14,105 | 5,635 | 1.7% | 40.0% | 8,020 | 0.1% | 56.9% | 275 | 10.0% | 1.9% | 195 | 14.7% | 1.4% |
| 2011 | 14,170 | 5,735 | 3.3% | 40.5% | 8,015 | 2.1% | 56.7% | 250 | 117.4% | 1.8% | 170 | 15.0% | 1.2% |
| 2006 | 14,435 | 5,930 | 7.8% | 41.1% | 8,190 | 0.4% | 56.7% | 115 | 67.1% | 0.8% | 200 | 33.3% | 1.4% |
| 2001 | 14,370 | 5,500 | 7.9% | 38.3% | 8,220 | 8.7% | 57.2% | 350 | 29.6% | 2.4% | 300 | 81.8% | 2.1% |
| 1996 | 15,405 | 5,970 | n/a | 38.8% | 9,000 | n/a | 58.4% | 270 | n/a | 1.8% | 165 | n/a | 1.1% |
| Note: Percentages may not equal 100% due to multiple responses and rounding. |||||||||||||||||||

## Transportation
### Access Routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border:
# Sushil Kumar Shakya

Shushil Kumar Shakya is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly, Uttar Pradesh of India. He represents the Amritpur constituency in the Farrukhabad district of Uttar Pradesh.

## Political career

Sushil Kumar Shakya contested Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election as a Bharatiya Janata Party candidate and defeated his close contestant Narendra Singh Yadav from the Samajwadi Party with a margin of 40,507 votes.

## Posts held

| # | From | To | Position | Comments |
| 01 | 1996 | 2001 | 13th legislative assembly |
| 02 | 2017 | Incumbent | Member, 17th Legislative Assembly | |
# Conditional joke

A conditional joke is a joke meant for a qualified audience only. If a joke requires from the audience a certain knowledge or a belief, then Ted Cohen calls such jokes hermetic. Possessing prior knowledge and understanding of the topic, which in turn enables them to understand the joke. Such ability is also called the prerequisite condition for laughter.
Conditional jokes often depend on the internalized negative stereotypes held by the audience toward a targeted group of people. Such affective disposition can also explain the persistence of ethnic jokes in multicultural societies. Although they can be understood by many, the conditional jokes usually don't make ridiculed individuals laugh at the punch line.
The most common type of conditional jokes, which target the jargon and all topics specific to professions and occupations, include the doctor jokes (surgeons, internists, psychiatrists, etc.), the lawyers and politicians, musicians, and the rabbi jokes among many. Other hermetic jokes which target ethnicity include Polish jokes made in the US, Irish jokes made in England, Ukrainian jokes made in Russia, Newfie jokes made in Canada, Sardarji jokes made in India, Russian jokes about ethnicities, Texas jokes, Jewish jokes made by non-Jews, the Black people jokes, and numerous others.
# East of Havana

East of Havana is a 2006 documentary film co-produced by South African actress Charlize Theron. The film features three young Cuban rappers: Soandry, Magyori, and Mikki and centers on their experiences in the Cuban underground hip hop scene.
Charlize Theron presented this film at the SXSW Film Festival. The movie chronicles the journey of three underground hip hop artists in Cuba.