OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chandler McCuskey Brooks

Dr. Chandler McCuskey Brooks (December 18, 1905 – November 29, 1989) was an American physiologist notable for his research on the relationships between the central nervous and endocrine systems. He was also known for his studies of the electrophysiology of the heart. Brooks was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He also headed the physiology and pharmacology departments of the Long Island College of Medicine and a Guggenheim fellow (Medicine & Health, 1945).
He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

## Early life

Brooks was born in West Virginia. After his mother's death the family moved to Massachusetts where he received, in his own account, a mediocre education. That changed when he attended Oberlin College in Ohio and with subsequent graduate study at Princeton University where he received a Ph.D. in 1931 under Philip Bard.

## Career

He followed Bard to Johns Hopkins University in 1933. In 1948 he became professor and chairman of the department of Physiology and Pharmacology at the Long Island College Hospital School of Medicine in Brooklyn.
Brooks was among the first group of pioneering neuroendocrinologists. In cardiac physiology, Brooks' studies were important in establishing principles that were important in the development of implanted pacemakers. His major works included the study of the autonomic nervous system as well as (in collaboration with John Eccles) the role of Golgi cell in the spinal cord.

## Retirement

He retired in 1972, taking up volunteer philanthropic activities. After the death of his wife of fifty years, Brooks became in 1986 a fellow in the Center for Theological Inquiry in Princeton and pursued theological studies. He died in 1989.
# Sanjeevan Hospital

Sanjeevan Hospital is a private hospital located in Daryaganj, New Delhi.
The hospital was founded by Dr. Prem Aggarwal, a cardiologist and specialist in critical care, along with a group of senior doctors from Maulana Azad Medical College in 1983. The hospital has more than 100 beds and 10 bedded ICU.
It bagged the NABH recognition in the year 2017 and is on the panel of Central Government Health Services (CGHS), Government of India and Delhi Government Employment Health Scheme (DGEHS)
# Mario Edgardo Segura

Mario Edgardo Segura Aroca (born 7 October 1966) is a Honduran engineer and politician. He currently serves as deputy of the National Congress of Honduras representing the Liberal Party of Honduras for El Paraíso.
# Robert Winchester

Robert C. Winchester is an American politician from Illinois. An active member of the Republican Party, he served as a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1975 until 1985.

## Early life

Winchester was born April 21, 1945, in Paducah, Kentucky. He was raised in Johnson and Pulaski counties in downstate Illinois. When he was 11, his father died in what was ruled a suicide, though later research by Maureen Hughes has indicated it could have been a murder. He graduated from Southern Illinois University Carbondale. He then took jobs with the Illinois Department of Corrections and Illinois Department of Procurement.

## Illinois House of Representatives

He was first elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1974. In 1984, Winchester ran for the Illinois Senate, but lost to Democratic candidate Glenn Poshard.

## Post-legislative career

In 1988, Winchester ran for his old seat against Democratic incumbent David D. Phelps and lost. In 1989, Winchester was appointed the head of the Office of Resource Marketing and Education in the Illinois Department of Conservation with responsibilities for special events and marketing. In 1999, George Ryan hired Winchester to serve as his Deputy Chief of Staff overseeing the newly created Office of Southern Illinois. In the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Winchester ran to be elected as a delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention pledged to the presidential campaign of Florida Senator Marco Rubio.
# Saint-Roch-de-Richelieu

Saint-Roch-de-Richelieu (French pronunciation:, lit. 'Saint-Roch of Richelieu') is a municipality located in the Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality of Quebec (Canada), in the administrative region of Montérégie. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 2,573.

## Demographics
### Population

Population trend:
| Census | Population | Change (%) |
| 2021 | 2,573 | 17.6% |
| 2016 | 2,188 | 3.1% |
| 2011 | 2,122 | 13.5% |
| 2006 | 1,870 | 6.3% |
| 2001 | 1,760 | 1.2% |
| 1996 | 1,739 | 3.0% |
| 1991 | 1,689 | 5.7% |
| 1986 | 1,598 | 3.2% |
| 1981 | 1,650 | 15.4% |
| 1976 | 1,430 | 17.3% |
| 1971 | 1,219 | 34.0% |
| 1966 | 910 | 22.6% |
| 1961 | 742 | 6.7% |
| 1956 | 795 | 5.7% |
| 1951 | 752 | 3.9% |
| 1941 | 724 | 4.1% |
| 1931 | 755 | 2.3% |
| 1921 | 773 | 5.8% |
| 1911 | 821 | 8.8% |
| 1901 | 900 | 13.9% |
| 1891 | 1,045 | 2.5% |
| 1881 | 1,020 | 4.9% |
| 1871 | 972 | 3.3% |
| 1861 | 1,005 | N/A |

### Language

Mother tongue language (2021)
| Language | Population | Pct (%) |
| French only | 2,470 | 96.1% |
| English only | 40 | 1.6% |
| Both English & French | 25 | 1.0% |
| Other languages | 35 | 1.4% |
# Triathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics

The triathlon competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 18 to 20 August 2016 at Fort Copacabana. Fifty-five athletes competed in each of the men's and women's events.

## Format

The Olympic triathlon contained three components; a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) swim, 40 km (25 mi) cycle, and a 10 km (6.2 mi) run. The competitions took the form of a single event between all competitors with no heats.

## Qualification

The qualification period was from 20 May 2014 to 15 May 2016. A total of 110 athletes (55 for each gender) vied for the coveted spots with a maximum of three sent to compete for the first eight National Olympic Committees (NOCs), while the other NOCs might have a maximum of two per event. To qualify for the Games, all athletes must earn a quota place through the Continental Qualification Events, achieve a top three finish through the World Qualification Event and be among the top 140 in the Olympic Qualification List, World Triathlon Series Ranking, and Points List.
Thirty-nine athletes for each gender qualified through the ranking, next to the 5 continental champions and the top 3 in the International Qualifying Event, held in Rio de Janeiro on 1–2 August 2015. Host nation Brazil had reserved one quota per gender, while two more were allocated according to the Tripartite Commission Invitation. In the end, further five places were distributed to the NOCs without any quota through the ITU Points List.

## Schedule

All times are Time in Brazil (UTC-3).
| Event | Date | Start time |
| Men's triathlon | 18 August | 11:00 |
| Women's triathlon | 20 August | 11:00 |

## Participating
### Participating nations

* Argentina (2)
* Australia (6)
* Austria (3)
* Azerbaijan (1)
* Barbados (1)
* Belgium (4)
* Bermuda (1)
* Brazil (2)
* Canada (5)
* Chile (1)
* China (2)
* Costa Rica (1)
* Czech Republic (1)
* Denmark (1)
* Ecuador (1)
* Estonia (1)
* France (5)
* Germany (5)
* Great Britain (6)
* Hungary (4)
* Ireland (2)
* Israel (1)
* Italy (4)
* Japan (4)
* Jordan (1)
* Mauritius (1)
* Mexico (5)
* Netherlands (2)
* Norway (1)
* New Zealand (4)
* Poland (1)
* Portugal (3)
* Russia (6)
* Slovakia (1)
* Slovenia (1)
* South Africa (4)
* Spain (6)
* Sweden (1)
* Switzerland (4)
* Ukraine (1)
* United States (6)

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Great Britain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 2 | United States | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Switzerland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | South Africa | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | Totals (4 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

### Events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Men's individual details | Alistair Brownlee Great Britain | 1:45:01 | Jonathan Brownlee Great Britain | 1:45:07 | Henri Schoeman South Africa | 1:45:43 |
| Women's individual details | Gwen Jorgensen United States | 1:56:16 | Nicola Spirig Hug Switzerland | 1:56:56 | Vicky Holland Great Britain | 1:57:01 |
# Panasonic Lumix 14–140mm lens

The Panasonic Lumix Vario 14-140mm is a zoom lens for Micro Four Thirds system cameras; the first version, distinguished by its maximum aperture of f/4.0–5.8, served as the bundled kit lens for the Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1, and later GH2; for other cameras, it was available for separate purchase. As the Panasonic GHn camera line are designed for both still photography and video, the lens has a fast, quiet autofocus motor and a stepless aperture diaphragm, hence the "HD" branding.
It was discontinued in 2013 after Panasonic released a faster, smaller lens covering the same focal length range with a maximum aperture of f/3.5–5.6. The second version was replaced by a new version in 2019, which included a gasket for weather and dust resistance, but was unchanged optically.

## History

The original lens exhibited some softness in the corners at maximum aperture for the extreme wide and telephoto focal length settings, which could be mitigated by stopping down to f/5.6. It includes four aspherical lens elements and two extra-low dispersion elements. In-camera distortion correction is used to compensate for barrel distortion and vignetting.
The updated, smaller lens was released in April 2013. In testing, the newer lens was sharper in the corners and showed a bit more barrel distortion over the zoom range, while the older lens was sharper in the center and had virtually no distortion at focal lengths between 18 and 140mm. The updated lens was revised in 2019 to add dust and splash resistance.
Panasonic Lumix Vario HD 14–140mm variants :
| NameSpec | NameSpec | LUMIX G VARIO HD 14-140mm F4.0-5.8 ASPH. MEGA O.I.S. | LUMIX G VARIO 14-140mm F3.5-5.6 ASPH. POWER O.I.S. | LUMIX G VARIO 14-140mm F3.5-5.6 II ASPH. POWER O.I.S. |
| Model no. | Model no. | H-VS014140 | H-FS14140 | H-FSA14140 |
| Image | Image | | | — |
| Released | Released | 2009 | 2013 | 2019 |
| Max. aperture | Max. aperture | f/4.0–5.8 | f/3.5–5.6 | f/3.5–5.6 |
| Constr. | Eles. | 17 | 14 | 14 |
| Constr. | Grps. | 13 | 12 | 12 |
| Closest focus | Closest focus | 0.50 m (19.7 in) | 0.30 m (11.8 in) (f=14–21 mm) 0.50 m (19.7 in) (f=22–140 mm) | 0.30 m (11.8 in) (f=14–21 mm) 0.50 m (19.7 in) (f=22–140 mm) |
| Dims. | Filter (mm) | 62 | 58 | 58 |
| Dims. | Dia. | 70 mm (2.8 in) | 67 mm (2.6 in) | 67 mm (2.6 in) |
| Dims. | Len. | 84 mm (3.3 in) | 75 mm (3.0 in) | 75 mm (3.0 in) |
| Dims. | Wgt. | 460 g (16.2 oz) | 265 g (9.3 oz) | 265 g (9.3 oz) |
| Ref. | Ref. | | | |
# Postminimalism

Postminimalism is an art term coined (as post-minimalism) by Robert Pincus-Witten in 1971 and used in various artistic fields for work which is influenced by, or attempts to develop and go beyond, the aesthetic of minimalism. The expression is used specifically in relation to music and the visual arts, but can refer to any field using minimalism as a critical reference point. In music, postminimalism refers to music following minimal music.

## Visual art

Postminimalist visual art uses minimalism either as a conceptual art aesthetic or a generative art practice. Like Fluxus, Postminimalism is more of an artistic tendency than a particular style, but in general, postminimalist artworks often use everyday objects, simple materials, and sometimes take on a pure formalist aesthetics or post-conceptual approaches. However, since postminimalism includes such a diverse and disparate group of artists, it is impossible to enumerate all the continuities and similarities between them. But as two opposing examples, take the work of Eva Hesse and her use of modern art grids and minimalist seriality that were usually hand-made, introducing a human element into minimalism in contrast to the machine fabrication more typical of the minimalism of someone like Carl Andre. Richard Serra was another prominent postminimalist though his large metal sculptures are completely machine made.

## Music

In its general musical usage, "postminimalism" refers to works influenced by minimal music, and it is generally categorized within the meta-genre art music. Writer Kyle Gann has employed the term more strictly to denote the style that flourished in the 1980s and 1990s and characterized by:
* a steady pulse, usually continuing throughout a work or movement;
* a diatonic pitch language, tonal in effect but avoiding traditional functional tonality;
* general evenness of dynamics, without strong climaxes or nuanced emotionalism; and
* unlike minimalism, an avoidance of obvious or linear formal design.
Minimalist procedures such as additive and subtractive process are common in postminimalism, though usually in disguised form, and the style has also shown a capacity for absorbing influences from world and popular music (Balinese gamelan, bluegrass, Jewish cantillation, and so on).
# Roman Theatre of Gubbio

The Teatro Romano or Roman Theatre are the ruins of a 1st-century ancient Roman theatre of the former town of Iguvium (now Gubbio); located in a grassy park just south of the highway SR298 as it passes the centre of the historic town in the region of Umbria, Italy.
The ruins consist of limestone arcades, which originally formed a two-story semicircle with 27 arches. The lower arcade had a vomitorium with a roofed corridor. The theatre originally had an orchestra pit separated from the proscenium by a tall podium. The theatre was expected to seat nearly 6000 people. The present layout derives from restoration efforts in the past two centuries. A nearby museum (antiquarium) displays archeologic finds from Gubbio. In the summer, the theatereis used for some outdoor performances.
# D'Chrome Foster

Serge Thony (known under the stage name D'Chrome Foster) is an American singer and actor.

## Life and career

Serge Thony was born and raised in Flatbush, Brooklyn, son of Caribbean parents. Throughout his teenage years he strove to perfect his musical style, while working as a MC alongside renowned hip hop artists like Immortal Technique or Jin and performing in clubs in the LES, Jersey and Brooklyn. He graduated from State University of New York with a B.A. degree, later attended Rutgers University and achieved the degree of Master in Fine Arts.
D'Chrome Foster has involved himself in the feminist cause and has expressed disapproval for the fact in the hip hop culture women are objectified and denied liberties and positive image awarded to men. The #LoveMyBounce campaign was created and launched in honor of 2015 International Women's Day by STK MKT Entertainment and D'Chrome Foster to raise awareness of gender inequality, starting with violence against women, to erase the social stigma of identifying as a survivor of abuse, and to be a platform by which there can be elevated organizations that are dedicated to the cause.

## Discography

D'Chrome Foster released in August 2014 his first single, "Manhood", a track that showcases the struggles between a man and his woman. Following the release of "Manhood", D’Chrome released "Cyanide" in December 2014. Both tracks and their accompanying videos tell varied and compelling stories of today’s social issues and touch the issue of pop culture's fascination with a woman’s body image. In January 2015, he followed with another single and the accompanying video, "January", inspired by club music style. He also released the single "Race" in July 2015.

## Filmography

| Title | Year | Role | Notes |
| Stray | 2017 | Carlos | Feature film, post-production |
| R.W.D: Red, White & Detroit | 2013 | EZ | Lead; short crime drama |
| The Darker the Berry | 2001 | Tariq | Drama |

## Stage credits

| Production | Year | Theater | Role | Notes |
| An American Drum Circle | 2016 | UP Theater Company | Jimmy | Written by Vanessa Shealy |
| Three Sisters | 2016 | Classical Theatre of Harlem | | Adapted by John Martin-Green |
| In Bed with Roy Cohn | 2015 | Lion Theatre | Serge | Written by Joan Beber, Undercover Productions |
| Ethel Sings | 2014 | Beckett Theater | Ensemble Cast | Written by Joan Beber, Undercover Productions |
| Flying Fables | 2012 | New Haarlem Arts Theater at City College | Charles | Adapted by Stephanie Berry |
| Kansas City Swing | 2013 | Crossroads Theatre | Art | Written by Trey Ellis & Ricardo Khan |
| A Raisin in the Sun | 2012 | Philip J Levin Theater | George Murchison | Starred with Tony Award winner, Tonya Pinkins |
# Third Battle of Winchester order of battle

The order of battle for the Third Battle of Winchester (also known as the Battle of Opequon or Battle of Opequon Creek) includes:
* Third Battle of Winchester order of battle: Confederate
* Third Battle of Winchester order of battle: Union
# George Washington Woodward

George Washington Woodward (March 26, 1809 – May 10, 1875) was a justice and chief justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
George W. Woodward was born in Bethany, Pennsylvania. He attended Geneva College (now Hobart and William Smith Colleges) in Geneva, New York, and Wilkes-Barre Academy in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1830 and commenced practice in Wilkes-Barre. He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1837. He served as president judge of the fourth judicial district from 1841 to 1851.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for United States Senator in 1844.
Woodward was nominated in 1845 by President James K. Polk as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States but the United States Senate voted 20–29 not to confirm him. A major motivation for the failure of his nomination was nativist views that Woodward supported.
Woodward was an associate judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1852 to 1863 and chief justice from 1863 to 1867. He was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for governor in 1863.
Woodward was elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles Denison. He was reelected to the Forty-first Congress. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1870. He was a delegate to the 1868 Democratic National Convention. He was an unsuccessful candidate for president judge of the eleventh judicial district in 1870. He moved to Philadelphia prior to 1860 and continued the practice of law. He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1873. He traveled abroad in 1874 and died in Rome in the Kingdom of Italy in 1875. Interment in Hollenback Cemetery in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
His son, George A. Woodward, would become a brigadier general in the United States Army.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "George Washington Woodward (id: W000730)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
# Stuart Banner

Stuart Alan Banner (born November 20, 1963) is an American legal historian and the Norman Abrams Professor of Law at the UCLA School of Law. Banner also directs UCLA's Supreme Court Clinic, which offers students the opportunity to work on real cases before the U.S. Supreme Court.

## Education and early career

Banner received his B.A. from Yale University in 1985 and his J.D. from Stanford Law School in 1988, where he was an articles editor of the Stanford Law Review.
Following his graduation from law school, Banner clerked for Judge Alex Kozinski of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and for Justice Sandra Day O'Connor of the U.S. Supreme Court.

## Academic career

Before joining the UCLA law faculty in 2001, Banner worked as an associate at Davis Polk & Wardwell in New York City, practiced law at the New York Office of the Appellate Defender, and taught at the Washington University School of Law.
At UCLA, Banner teaches courses on property law, American legal thought, and the Supreme Court.
Banner is the recipient of fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Fulbright Scholar Program, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
A 2014 study found that Banner is the seventh most-cited legal scholar in the field of legal history.

## Publications

Banner's scholarship has been published in numerous law journals, including the Stanford Law Review, Harvard Law Review, Virginia Law Review, and The Journal of Legal Studies.
Banner has authored 10 books:
* The Most Powerful Court in the Word: A History of the Supreme Court of the United States (Oxford University Press, 2024)
* The Decline of Natural Law: How American Lawyers Once Used Natural Law and Why They Stopped (Oxford University Press, 2021).
* Speculation: A History of the Fine Line between Gambling and Investing (Oxford University Press, 2016).
* The Baseball Trust: A History of Baseball's Antitrust Exemption (Oxford University Press, 2013).
* American Property: A History of How, Why, and What We Own (Harvard University Press, 2011).
* Who Owns the Sky? The Struggle to Control Airspace from the Wright Brothers On (Harvard University Press, 2008).
* Possessing the Pacific: Land, Settlers, and Indigenous People from Australia to Alaska (Harvard University Press, 2007).
* How the Indians Lost Their Land: Law and Power on the Frontier (Harvard University Press, 2005).
* The Death Penalty: An American History (Harvard University Press, 2002).
* Legal Systems in Conflict: Property and Sovereignty in Missouri, 1750-1860 (University of Oklahoma Press, 2000).
* Anglo-American Securities Regulation: Cultural and Political Roots, 1690-1860 (Cambridge University Press, 1998).
# Al Mushayrifah

Al Mushayrifah may refer to:
# Munger Road (film)

Munger Road is a 2011 American independent horror film starring Bruce Davison. It is based on the haunted namesake road located in the state of Illinois. The film was written and directed by Nicholas Smith, a St. Charles native.

## Plot

In St. Charles, IL, during the town's Scarecrow Fest, two teenaged couples (Joe, Corey, Scott and Rachel) take their SUV down to Munger Road to test a local urban legend. Simultaneously, a convicted killer escapes from his transport to another jail and starts a murder spree. Two police officers in town look to capture the killer without disturbing the town festival.
The teenagers, back at their vehicle, test to see if the children will push their SUV off the railroad track crossing by dusting the bumper with baby powder. The teenage girls are momentarily tricked by their boyfriends into believing that the spirits moved the vehicle. The girls become upset at being tricked and ask to go home. The boys try to start the vehicle, but are unable to do so. One of the couples decides to stay with the vehicle, while the other tries to walk to town for help.
The teens are slowly picked off by the escaped murderer while the police search to stop him.

## Cast

* Bruce Davison as Chief Kirkhoven
* Randall Batinkoff as Deputy Hendricks
* Trevor Morgan as Corey LaFayve
* Brooke Peoples as Joe Risk
* Hallock Beals as Scott Claussen
* Lauren Storm as Rachel Donahue
* Art Fox as Mayor Swanson
* Maggie Henry as Nancy
* Bill J. Stevens as Father McCroy
* Ron Johnston as Lenny
* Judy Proudfoot Schenck as Judy

## Production

The film was shot in the Illinois cities of Bartlett, St. Charles, Elburn, Geneva and Sugar Grove.

## Reception

Roger Ebert awarded the film three stars. Brad McHargue of Dread Central criticized the ending of the film.