OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ian Collins (footballer)

Ian "Collo" Collins AM (born 24 October 1942) is a former Australian rules footballer and is now a high-profile businessman.

## Playing career
### Carlton

Collins played for the Carlton Football Club in the Victorian Football League between 1961 and 1971 for a total of 161 games and kicked 49 goals. He was part of the 1968 premiership side. but he missed the entire 1970 premiership winning season due to an achilles injury. He returned in 1971. Collins played as a tough back-pocket player in the back line and was recruited from Sale.

## Coaching career
### Port Melbourne Football Club (VFA)

Collins had a coaching stint as captain and senior coach of Port Melbourne Football Club in the VFA from 1972 until the end of the 1973 season. where one of his players was his former senior coach at Carlton Ron Barassi, then Collins hung up his boots for good as senior coach of Port Melbourne to prepare for bigger things and to move on with other endeavours.

## Sports Administration career
### Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Carlton Football Club

Collins became the Carlton Football Club's chief executive officer (CEO) from 1981 until 1993, during his tenure as CEO of Carlton, Collins oversaw Carlton's three premiership victories in 1981, 1982 and 1987.

### Australian Football League's Director of Football Operations

In 1993, Collins became the Australian Football League's Director of Football Operations, a position he held until 1999.

### Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Docklands Stadium

In 1999, Collins became the CEO of Docklands Stadium, a position he held until 2 October 2012.

### Carlton Football Club President

Collins became the President of the Carlton Football Club, following John Elliott's departure on 13 November 2002. Collins in his tenure as President of Carlton, oversaw himself to work hard with the board of the club to limit the damage to Carlton's profile, prestige and financial position during a rough time for the club, due to the effects and penalties of the club's salary cap breaches and the poor on-field results for the club that followed on. Collins thereby served an unstable tenure as President of the club, because Carlton still struggled to maintain off-field stability with the club still remaining in seven million dollar club debt. On 13 April 2006, Collins announced he would step down as president of the Carlton Football Club due to ill health and by the pressures of juggling two demanding jobs between his time as Carlton Football Club President and his time as CEO of Docklands Stadium. He was replaced by Graham Smorgon.
# Bob Bates (musician)

Bob Bates (September 1, 1923 – September 13, 1981) was an American jazz bassist.

## Early life

Bates was born in Pocatello, Idaho. His mother was an organist, while his brothers Norman and Jim were also bassists. As a youth, he played tuba, trumpet, and trombone. He then studied classical bass from 1944 to 1948 and played with Sonny Dunham in 1946 and 1947. Bates began performing with Jack Fina in the late 1940s.

## Career

Early in the 1950s, Bates played in the Two Beaux & a Peep Trio. He was the bassist in the popular Dave Brubeck Quartet between 1953 and 1955. In addition to Brubeck, Bates also recorded with Paul Desmond in 1954, and Dave Pell in 1956. He stopped playing at around this time.

## Personal life

Bates died in 1981 in San Francisco, at the age of 58.

## Discography

With Dave Brubeck
* Dave Brubeck at Storyville: 1954 (Columbia, 1954)
* Jazz Goes to College (Columbia, 1954)
* Brubeck Time (Columbia, 1954)
* Jazz: Red Hot and Cool (Columbia, 1954–55)
With Paul Desmond
* Desmond (Fantasy, 1954)
With Dave Pell
* Jazz Goes Dancing (1956)
# Homeyl District

Homeyl District (Persian: بخش حمیل) is in Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Homeyl.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 19,873 in 4,482 households. The following census in 2011 counted 19,003 people in 4,992 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the district as 15,912 inhabitants in 4,747 households.

### Administrative divisions

Homeyl District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 |
| Harasam RD | 8,132 | 7,622 | 5,767 |
| Homeyl RD | 5,753 | 5,973 | 5,291 |
| Mansuri RD | 4,685 | 4,045 | 3,537 |
| Homeyl (city) | 1,303 | 1,363 | 1,317 |
| Total | 19,873 | 19,003 | 15,912 |
| RD = Rural District ||||
# Abraham Harriton

Abraham Harriton was a Romanian-born American modernist artist and social realism painter in the United States.

## Early life and education

Born in 1893 in Bucharest, then the Kingdom of Romania, Harriton studied at the National Academy of Design in New York City from 1908 until 1915. There, he studied under artists such as Kenyon Cox, Emil Carlsen and George DeForest Brush.

## Career

Harriton later become a teacher at the National Academy of Design, and, like many other artists during the Great Depression, received commissions from the Works Progress Administration during the 1930s.
His 1939 mural for the Augusta, Georgia post office Plantation, Transportation, Education, commissioned by the Treasury Section of Fine Arts, is on display at the Augusta Convention and Visitor's Bureau.
Harrinton had strong ties with the American Left, displaying his works at exhibits hosted by the John Reed Club.

## Personal life

At the time of his death in 1986, Harriton was survived by his wife, Estelle, their son, Charles and their daughter, Maria.
# Kenmore Hills, Queensland

Kenmore Hills is a suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Kenmore Hills had a population of 2,448 people.

## Geography

Kenmore Hills is 13.0 kilometres (8.1 mi) by road by the Brisbane CBD.
Although the northern part of the suburb is on the foothills of Mount Coot-tha, there is only one named peak in the suburb: Carver Hill in the south-east (27°30′02″S 152°55′51″E﻿ / ﻿27.5005°S 152.9308°E﻿ / -27.5005; 152.9308﻿ (Carver Hill)) at 70 metres (230 ft) above sea level.

## History

Kenmore Hills originally formed part of Brookfield, but in 1969 the name was changed to Kenmore Hills, based on the neighbouring suburb of Kenmore.
In 1932, Father Robert Bartlett Bates, the rector of All Saints Anglican Church at Wickham Terrace purchased a house at 139 Brookfield Road (27°30′01″S 152°55′52″E﻿ / ﻿27.5004°S 152.9310°E﻿ / -27.5004; 152.9310﻿ (Old Friary)) to establish St John's Home for Aged Men, which subsequently relocated to West Toowong (where it continues to operate as St John's Residential Aged Care Home). On 12 May 1934, the Anglican Church opened St Christopher's Lodge, a home for boys. It was officially opened by James Francis Maxwell, the Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Toowong. It was a farm school which operated until circa 1959. Around this timem 18 acres (7.3 ha) of the site was sold to the Presbyterian Church (now the Uniting Church in Australia) to develop an aged care centre. It was subsequently used a friary used by the Society of Saint Francis, a centre for contemplative spirituality and other community purposes. It is listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register. In 2019, the site was sold by the Anglican Church to the Uniting Church on the condition that community could continue to use the site.

## Demographics

In the 2011 census, Kenmore Hills had a population of 2,577 people, 53.2% female and 46.8% male. The median age of the Kenmore Hills population was 44 years of age, 7 years above the Australian median. 60.5% of people living in Kenmore Hills were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were England 7.5%, South Africa 4.2%, New Zealand 3%, India 2.4%, Scotland 1.3%. 81.3% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 1.9% Mandarin, 1.1% German, 1% Cantonese, 0.9% Telugu, 0.8% Afrikaans.
In the 2016 census, Kenmore Hills had a population of 2,402 people.
In the 2021 census, Kenmore Hills had a population of 2,448 people.

## Heritage listings

* Old Friary Complex (also known as Brookfield Centre for Christian Spirituality), 139 Brookfield Road

## Education

There are no schools in Kenmore Hills. The nearest primary schools are Chapel Hill State School in neighbouring Chapel Hill to the east, Kenmore State School in neighbouring Kenmore to the south, and Brookfield State School in neighbouring Brookfield to the west. The nearest secondary school is Kenmore State High School in Kenmore.
# John Wettaw

John F. Wettaw (April 17, 1939 – December 16, 2018) was a chemistry professor at Northern Arizona University and an Arizona politician.

## Biography

Wettaw was born in St. Louis, Missouri and graduated from Southern Illinois University Carbondale with a B.A. in chemistry in 1961 and obtained his Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1967 from Michigan State University.
Wettaw taught chemistry for 47 years at NAU's department of chemistry, while simultaneously serving 28 years in the Arizona Legislature. He holds the record for the most consecutive years served in the Arizona legislature by a Republican. Wettaw lived in Flagstaff, Arizona. He served in the Arizona House of Representatives from 1972 to 1992 and in the Arizona Senate from 1993 until retiring in 2001. In 1999, NAU dedicated their biochemistry building to him. He retired from NAU in 2014.
Wettaw died at the age of 79 on December 16, 2018.
# Gene Blanshan

Eugene Henry "Gene" Blanshan (born December 16, 1948) is an American politician who served in the Iowa House of Representatives from the 88th district from 1983 to 1993.

## Personal life

Blanshan was born in Boone, Iowa, the son of Harold Irwin Blanshan (1916-2001) and Gladys Mildred Rueter Blanshan (1919-2004). His parents had married on April 20, 1941 in Grand Junction, Iowa. His father served in the United States Army Air Force during World War II.
Blanshan graduated from Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa. He is a descendant of Louis DuBois (Huguenot) and the Hasbrouck family.
# Gonioglyptus

Gonioglyptus is an extinct genus of trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trematosauridae. It is known from the Early Triassic Panchet Formation of India. It contains two species: G. longirostris (sometimes classified in the genus Panchetosaurus) and G. fragilis (previously classified in the genus Glyptognathus). The species G. kokeni from Pakistan has since been reclassified into Aphaneramma.
# Pettavaithalai

Pettavaithalai is a panchayat town in Srirangam taluk Tiruchirappalli district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## History

This village is a iconic milestone for teenagers of 1970s. Balu Mahendra shot his famous second film Aziyatha Kollangal in 27 days at Pettavaithalai, Sirugamani and Inungoor at a modest budget of Rs 8 lacs and released it in 1979. The film comprehensively captures growing up and its challenges.

## Geography

Pettavaithalai is by the river Cauvery and this is the takeoff point for the Uyyakondan canal which is the major irrigation canal for the fertile lands in Trichy district.

## Demographics
### Languages

The native language of Pettavaithalai is Tamil

## Government and politics

Pettavaithalai is part of Srirangam (state assembly constituency) in Tiruchirappalli District of Tamil Nadu State in India.

## Transport
### By Air

Trichirapalli International Airport.
Pettavaithalai's nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport situated at 30.2 km distance. Few more airports around Pettavaithalai are Tiruchirapalli International Airport 30.2 km. Thanjavur Air Force Station 72.6 km. Salem Airport 109.0 km.

### By Rail

Pettavaithalai Railway station.
The nearest railway station to Pettavaithalai is Pettavaithalai which is located in and around 4.0 kilometer distance.

### By Road

Pettavaithalai bus stand.
The distance from Pettavaithalai to Trichy is 24 km and Pettavaithalai to Karur is 54 km.

## Education

Government higher secondary school Pettavaithalai 500 m K.r.r. Nursery & Primary School, Pettavaithalai 2.4 km Rathna Higher Secondary School Pettavaithalai 4.4 km.
Sevai Shandhi matriculation school, Pettavaithalai 5 km. Cabriyal metriculation school, palancovery 1 km. Government high school, Dhevasdhanam 3 km.
# Megaevolution

Megaevolution describes the most dramatic events in evolution. It is no longer suggested that the evolutionary processes involved are necessarily special, although in some cases they might be. Whereas macroevolution can apply to relatively modest changes that produced diversification of species and genera and are readily compared to microevolution, "megaevolution" is used for great changes. Megaevolution has been extensively debated because it has been seen as a possible objection to Charles Darwin's theory of gradual evolution by natural selection.
A list was prepared by John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry which they called The Major Transitions in Evolution. On the 1999 edition of the list they included:
* Replicating molecules: change to populations of molecules in protocells
* Independent replicators leading to chromosomes
* RNA as gene and enzyme change to DNA genes and protein enzymes
* Bacterial cells (prokaryotes) leading to cells (eukaryotes) with nuclei and organelles
* Asexual clones leading to sexual populations
* Single-celled organisms leading to fungi, plants and animals
* Solitary individuals leading to colonies with non-reproducing castes (termites, ants & bees)
* Primate societies leading to human societies with language
Some of these topics had been discussed before.
Numbers one to six on the list are events which are of huge importance, but about which we know relatively little. All occurred before (and mostly very much before) the fossil record started, or at least before the Phanerozoic eon.
Numbers seven and eight on the list are of a different kind from the first six, and have generally not been considered by the other authors. Number four is of a type which is not covered by traditional evolutionary theory, The origin of eukaryotic cells is probably due to symbiosis between prokaryotes. This is a kind of evolution which must be a rare event.

## The Cambrian radiation example

The Cambrian explosion or Cambrian radiation was the relatively rapid appearance of most major animal phyla around 530 million years ago (mya) in the fossil record, some of which are now extinct. It is the classic example of megaevolution. "The fossil record documents two mutually exclusive macroevolutionary modes separated by the transitional Ediacaran period".
Before about 580 mya it seems that most organisms were simple. They were made of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 or 80 million years the rate of evolution accelerated by an order of magnitude. Normally rates of evolution are measured by the extinction and origination rate of species, but here we can say that by the end of the Cambrian every phylum, or almost every phylum, existed.
The diversity of life began to resemble that of today.
The Cambrian explosion has caused much scientific debate. The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the 'primordial strata' was noted as early as the mid 19th century, and Charles Darwin saw it as one of the main objections that could be made against his theory of evolution by natural selection.
# Ipana egregia

Ipana egregia, commonly called the South Island lichen moth or zebra lichen moth, is a moth in the family Geometridae, endemic to New Zealand. This species was first described by entomologists Baron Cajetan von Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875 under the name Chlenias egregia.
This species resembles the North Island lichen moth but has fewer and coarser wing markings. It is found only in the South Island and Stewart Island.
The caterpillars of Ipana egregia feed in summer on Araliaceae species, especially five-finger (Neopanax arboreus), mountain five-finger (N. colensoi), and lancewood (Pseudopanax crassifolius). They are well-camouflaged, resembling a small bird-dropping when young and a Pseudopanax fruit when older. Larger larvae, up to 30 mm (1.2 in) long, look like lichen-covered twigs and hold themselves stiffly out from the host plant by their prolegs. The moth overwinters as a pupa on the forest floor, in a loosely-spun cocoon encrusted with dirt.
The South Island lichen moth appears on the New Zealand $100 note alongside a mōhua, with a backdrop of Fiordland National Park.
# William E. Simonds

William Edgar Simonds (November 24, 1842 – March 14, 1903) was a United States Representative from Connecticut and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest award, the Medal of Honor, for his actions as a soldier in the American Civil War.

## Early life and education

Born in Collinsville, a neighborhood of Canton, Connecticut, Simonds attended the public school and Collinsville High School. He graduated from Connecticut State Normal School at New Britain in 1860 and became a teacher.

## Military career

During the Civil War, Simonds enlisted August 18, 1862 as a private in Company A, 25th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted to sergeant major before being mustered into the service. On April 14, 1863 he participated in the Battle of Irish Bend, Louisiana. It was for his actions at Irish Bend that he would later be awarded the Medal of Honor. Ten days after the battle he became a commissioned officer with a promotion to second lieutenant and was reassigned to Company I of his regiment. He mustered out with his regiment in August 1863

## Political career

After his military service, Simonds attended Yale Law School and graduated in 1865. He was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law in Hartford, Connecticut. He served as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1883 and 1885, and served as Speaker in the latter year.
Simonds was elected as a Republican to the 51st United States Congress (March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1891). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1890 to the 52nd Congress. He then served as United States Commissioner of Patents from 1891 to 1893.
Simonds served on the Connecticut Agricultural College's board of trustees and was a driving force behind the ouster of President Benjamin F. Koons in 1898 and the appointment of Simonds' friend and fellow Collinsville resident George Washington Flint as president.
On February 25, 1899, Simonds was issued the Medal of Honor for his action at the Battle of Irish Bend thirty-six years earlier.
After leaving politics, Simonds resumed the practice of law. He died in Hartford, Connecticut, on March 14, 1903, and was buried at Village Cemetery in his hometown of Canton, Connecticut.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Sergeant Major, 25th Connecticut Infantry. Place and date: At Irish Bend, La., April 14, 1863. Entered service at: Canton, Conn. Birth: ------. Date of issue: February 25, 1899.
Citation
   Displayed great gallantry, under a heavy fire from the enemy, in calling in the skirmishers and assisting in forming the line of battle.
# British Grand Prix (squash)

The British Grand Prix is an annual men's squash tournament that takes place at the National Squash Centre in Manchester.
The tournament was part of the PSA World Series (2010-2011), the most prestigious class of event in the PSA World Tour. The tournament was founded in 2010 and takes place in September. The first two editions of the tournament were won by Egyptian Ramy Ashour. It was a partial replacement of the British Open Squash Championships, which were suspended in 2010 and restarted in 2012.

## Past Results

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score in final |
| 2016 | Nick Matthew | James Willstrop | 11-7, 12-10, 11-4 |
| 2015 | Mohamed El Shorbagy | Nick Matthew | 11-7, 12-10, 9-11, 11-6 |
| 2014 | Nick Matthew | Mathieu Castagnet | 11-7, 11-6, 11-5 |
| 2013 | not held due to the 2013 World Championship | not held due to the 2013 World Championship | not held due to the 2013 World Championship |
| 2012 | Nick Matthew | James Willstrop | 4-11, 11-6, 11-9, 11-5 |
| 2011 | Ramy Ashour | Nick Matthew | 1-11, 11-3, 11-7, 11-4 |
| 2010 | Ramy Ashour | James Willstrop | 11-7, 3-11, 11-3, 11-5 |
# Gauss–Laguerre quadrature

In numerical analysis Gauss–Laguerre quadrature (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Edmond Laguerre) is an extension of the Gaussian quadrature method for approximating the value of integrals of the following kind:
    $\int _{0}^{+\infty }e^{-x}f(x)\,dx.$
In this case
    $\int _{0}^{+\infty }e^{-x}f(x)\,dx\approx \sum _{i=1}^{n}w_{i}f(x_{i})$
where x$_i$ is the i-th root of Laguerre polynomial L$_n$(x) and the weight w$_i$ is given by
    $w_{i}={\frac {x_{i}}{\left(n+1\right)^{2}\left[L_{n+1}\left(x_{i}\right)\right]^{2}}}.$
The following Python code with the SymPy library will allow for calculation of the values of $x_{i}$ and $w_{i}$ to 20 digits of precision:

## For more general functions

To integrate the function $f$ we apply the following transformation
    $\int _{0}^{\infty }f(x)\,dx=\int _{0}^{\infty }f(x)e^{x}e^{-x}\,dx=\int _{0}^{\infty }g(x)e^{-x}\,dx$
where $g\left(x\right):=e^{x}f\left(x\right)$. For the last integral one then uses Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. Note, that while this approach works from an analytical perspective, it is not always numerically stable.

## Generalized Gauss–Laguerre quadrature

More generally, one can also consider integrands that have a known $x^{\alpha }$ power-law singularity at x=0, for some real number $\alpha >-1$, leading to integrals of the form:
    $\int _{0}^{+\infty }x^{\alpha }e^{-x}f(x)\,dx.$
In this case, the weights are given in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials:
    $w_{i}={\frac {\Gamma (n+\alpha +1)x_{i}}{n!(n+1)^{2}[L_{n+1}^{(\alpha )}(x_{i})]^{2}}}\,,$
where $x_{i}$ are the roots of $L_{n}^{(\alpha )}$.
This allows one to efficiently evaluate such integrals for polynomial or smooth f(x) even when α is not an integer.
# Jerry Stalcup

Jerry Stalcup (born November 19, 1938) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers. Stalcup was selected in the sixth round of the 1960 NFL draft by the Los Angeles Rams and played that season with the team. He was later drafted in the 1961 NFL Expansion Draft by the Minnesota Vikings, but instead went on to play two seasons with the Denver Broncos of the American Football League. In 1965, he returned to his high school in Rockford to serve as the defensive coordinator. In 1974, he and head Coach Robert Pellant led Rockford East to a state championship in the first year the high school football playoffs were held in Illinois.
# Peru poison frog

The Peru poison frog (Ameerega petersi), also known as Peruvian poison frog, Peruvian poison-arrow frog and emerald poison frog, is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae.

## Habitat

It is found in eastern Peru (Ucayali River and Huallaga River basins) and western Brazil (Acre state). Its natural habitats are primary premontane and subtropical or tropical forests, but not in disturbed habitats. It has been observed between 274 and 800 meters above sea level in other places
The frog's known range includes several protected parks: Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park, and Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, and Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá. It is suspected in San Matias-San Carlos Protected Forest.

## Reproduction

The female frog lays her eggs on the leaf litter. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Threats

The IUCN classifies this frog as least concern of extinction. It is subject to some habitat loss in favor of agriculture.

## Academic description

* "Ameerega smaragdina is synonymized with A. petersi after French et al 2019". Molec. Phylog. Evol. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.021.
# Tom Chabin

Tom Chabin (born May 20, 1951) is an American politician and a former Democratic member of the Arizona State Senate representing the 2nd District from his appointment in September 2007 until 2012. He served on the Coconino County Board of Supervisors from 1992 to 2000. He was a democratic nominee for the Arizona Corporation Commission in 2016.