OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bernice de Pasquali

Bernice de Pasquali (December 7, 1873 – April 3, 1925), born Bernice James, was an American coloratura soprano singer and pianist. She sang with the Metropolitan Opera from 1908 to 1917, and was the first American woman elected to membership in the Accademia Filarmonica Romana.

## Early life

Bernice W. James was born in Hull, Massachusetts, the daughter of William W. James, a sea captain. Her uncle was Joshua James, a noted sea captain and commander of civilian life-saving crews. She played piano, and studied voice with Oscar Saenger in New York.

## Career

Bernice de Pasquali started on the opera stage in Milan in 1900. She made her American opera debut in 1908, in La traviata with the Metropolitan Opera, and she sang with the company until 1917. She toured the American west coast in 1910 and 1912–1913. She sang in London in 1905, Italy in 1906 and 1907, in Mexico City in 1908, in Havana in 1915, and at the Pan-American Exposition in San Diego in 1916. In 1908, she was the soloist at ceremonies marking the anniversary of the founding of Quebec, with the Prince of Wales in attendance.
She made many recordings, between 1911 and 1914, including several duets with German contralto Rosa Olitzka. She wrote on singing, explaining that "From the very start the singer, particularly the one who aspires to become an operatic singer, should endeavor to discard fear entirely," adding "If the singer gives the audience the least suspicion that she is in fear of their verdict, the audience will detect it at once and the verdict will be bad."
In 1924, De Pasquali became the first American woman elected to membership in the Accademia Filarmonica Romana.

## Personal life

Bernice James married Salvatore de Pasquali, an Italian tenor, in 1896. She was widowed in 1923, and she died in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925, aged 51 years, after weeks of pneumonia while touring on the vaudeville circuit. Her grave is with her husband's, in her hometown in Massachusetts.
# Eugène Chevandier de Valdrôme

Jean-Pierre Napoléon Eugène Chevandier de Valdrome (17 August 1810 – 1 December 1878) was a French politician and industrialist. He was Minister of the Interior from January to August 1870 in the government of Émile Ollivier.
# Bahija Ahmed Shihab

Bahija Ahmed Shihab (Arabic: بهيجة احمد شهاب; 1932–2012) was an Iraqi sociologist and one of the pioneering women that helped establish the Sociology department at the College of Arts, University of Baghdad, Iraq in the 1950s. Professor Shihab was specialized in Social Work and Community Organization and Development. She has authored several important books, articles, and studies and taught undergraduate and graduate courses at the department and supervised countless Ph.D. dissertations. Professor Shihab persistently promoted social justice causes especially relating to the emancipation of women in Iraq and the Arab world. Prof. Shihab continued to teach at the University of Baghdad until the Summer of 2007 which is when she and her family had to leave Iraq due to the deteriorating general security situation in Baghdad and assassinations targeting Iraqi secularists and academics. Professor Shihab was a believer in field work and bottom-up understanding of social issues. She held many positions including associate dean and department chair.

## Sample Works

* Introduction to Social Work (1982, university textbook, in Arabic) المدخل الى الخدمة الإجتماعية
* Fields of Social Work (1982, in Arabic) ميادين الخدمة الإجتماعية
* Social Work (1990, co-authored with Dr. Ehsan al-Hasan, in Arabic) خدمة الجماعة
# Col du Télégraphe

Col du Télégraphe is a mountain pass in the French Alps situated above the Maurienne valley between the eastern end of the massif d'Arvan-Villards and the massif des Cerces.
The pass links Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne to the north and Valloire to the south, as well as forming an access point to the col du Galibier via its north face.
The route is often used during the ascent to Col du Galibier in the Tour de France, and is thus popular with cyclists.

## Details of the climb

From the north, starting at Saint-Michel-de-Maurienne, the climb is 11.8 kilometres (7.3 mi) long, gaining 856 metres (2,808 ft) in height (an average of 7.3%). The maximum gradient is 9.8% at the summit. On this side mountain pass cycling milestones are placed every kilometre. They indicate the current height, the distance to the summit, the average slope in the following kilometre, and the number of the street. As of July 2015, some milestones are missing in the middle part of the climb.
From the south, the climb starts at Valloire and is 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) long at an average gradient of 3.4% (height gain: 165 metres (541 ft)).

## The Tour de France

The Col du Télégraphe was first used in the Tour de France in 1911; the first rider over the summit was Emile Georget.
Since 1947, the Col du Télégraphe has been crossed 29 times by the Tour de France. On several of those occasions it has not been ranked for points in the King of the Mountains competition, being treated as part of the descent from the Col du Galibier, and has been ranked for points only 18 times.

### Appearances in the Tour de France (since 1947)

| Year | Stage | Category | Start | Finish | Leader at the summit |
| 2022 | 11 | 1 | Albertville | Col du Granon | Pierre Latour (FRA) |
| 2017 | 17 | 1 | La Mure | Serre-Chevalier | Primož Roglič (SLO) |
| 2011 | 19 | 1 | Modane | Alpe d'Huez | Gorka Izagirre (ESP) |
| 2007 | 9 | 1 | Val d'Isère | Briançon | Mikel Astarloza (ESP) |
| 2005 | 11 | 1 | Courchevel | Briançon | Santiago Botero (COL) |
| 2003 | 8 | 2 | Sallanches | Alpe d'Huez | Pierrick Fédrigo (FRA) |
| 1999 | 9 | 1 | Le Grand-Bornand | Sestrières | José-Luis Arrieta (ESP) |
| 1998 | 15 | 2 | Grenoble | Les Deux-Alpes | Rodolfo Massi (ITA) |
| 1993 | 10 | 2 | Villard-de-Lans | Serre-Chevalier | Thierry Claveyrolat (FRA) |
| 1989 | 17 | 4 | Briançon | Alpe d'Huez | Franco Vona (ITA) |
| 1980 | 17 | 3 | Serre-Chevalier | Morzine | Johan De Muynck (NED) |
| 1979 | 17 | 2 | Moûtiers | Alpe d'Huez | Giovanni Battaglin (ITA) |
| 1974 | 11 | 2 | Aix-les-Bains | Serre-Chevalier | Herman Van Springel (BEL) |
| 1972 | 14b | 3 | Valloire | Aix-les-Bains | Pietro Campagnari (ITA) |
| 1969 | 10 | 2 | Chamonix | Briançon | Joaquim Galera (ESP) |
| 1967 | 10 | 2 | Divonne-les-Bains | Briançon | Julio Jiménez (ESP) |
| 1966 | 16 | 2 | Bourg-d'Oisans | Briançon | Julio Jimenez (ESP) |
| 1964 | 8 | 2 | Thonon-les-Bains | Briançon | Federico Bahamontes (ESP) |
| 1957 | 10 | 2 | Thonon-les-Bains | Briançon | Gastone Nencini (ITA) |
| 1955 | 8 | 2 | Thonon-les-Bains | Briançon | Charly Gaul (LUX) |
| 1947 | 8 | 1 | Grenoble | Briançon | Fermo Camellini (ITA) |
# Trygve Lindeman

Trygve Henrik Lindeman (November 3, 1896 – October 24, 1979) was a Norwegian cellist and the head of the Oslo Conservatory of Music for two generations.
Lindeman was born in Kristiania (now Oslo). After passing his university qualifying exam, he studied civil engineering at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, and then he switched to studying music in 1916 at the Oslo Conservatory of Music under Gustav Fredrik Lange. He also studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen under Carl Nielsen. He debuted as a cellist in 1925, and in 1928 he took over leadership of the Oslo Conservatory of Music from his father, Peter Brynie Lindeman. He headed the conservatory until 1969. Lindeman and his wife, Marie Louise née Swensen, had no children and so they established the Lindeman Foundation (Norwegian: Lindemans Legat) and turned over the directorship of the conservatory to Anfinn Øien, who headed the school until it was closed and succeeded by the Norwegian Academy of Music in 1973. The "Lindeman tradition" in Norwegian music was cultivated by Trygve Lindeman, who believed that everyone is capable of playing, composing, and understanding music theory and practicing pedagogy. Lindeman was a Freemason and held the position of master mason in his lodge for many years.

## Awards

* King's Medal of Merit in gold, 1953
* Order of St. Olav, Knight, First Class, 1967

## Publications

* Lærebok i taktering for kordirigenter (Conducting for Choir Directors), 1939
* Lærebok i elementær musikkteori (Basic Music Theory), 1943
* Tonetreffing og musikkdiktat (Ear Training and Musical Dictation), 1951
* Orkesterinstrumenter og partitur (Orchestra Instruments and Scores), 1973
* (with Einar Solbu) Musik-konservatoriet i Oslo 1883–1973 (The Oslo Conservatory of Music, 1883–1973), 1976
# Volovec (Tatra)

Volovec (in Slovak) or Wołowiec (in Polish) is a mountain in the Western Tatras at the border of Slovakia and Poland. It lies on the main ridge of Western Tatras between Ostrý Roháč and mountain Deravá, standing over three valleys: Chochołowską, Roháčska and Jamnícka.
It offers views over the Polish Western Tatras, and Slovak Roháče. Janusz Chmielowski wrote in 1898: "The summit is extremely interesting (...), in the south rises the jagged group of Rohacz / Roháče (...), toward the east the High Tatras just like a giant rocky island (...) On the north stands the dome of Babia Góra. On the west lie below the Roháčske Ponds."

## History

The mountain's height was determined already in 1820 and it was used as an important triangulation point.

## Location and topography

The peak is located at a junction of three ridges:
* from the east from Jarząbczy Wierch / Hrubý Vrch and Łopata / Lopata
* from the south from Ostrý Roháč / Rohacz Ostry and Plačlivé / Rohacz Placzliwy (towards Roháče)
* from the north from Rákon / Rakoń and Grześ (towards Bobrovec)
Volovec lies on the Main Ridge of Western Tatras between Ostrý Roháč and mountain Deravá, close to mountain Rákoň. Starting from Volovec, the Main Ridge acts as the border between Poland and Slovakia.

## Description

The mountain consists of metamorphic rock (Alaskite and Mylonite). Local fauna include the Tatra chamois, Alpine marmot and Tatra marmot.

## Access

There are two marked hiking trails which lead to the summit of Volovec, red and blue. A third, green one, connects with the blue one at the saddle beneath the mountain. All routes pose no technical difficulty and when taking into account the relatively large distance and altitude difference involved, the summit is one of the most challenging climbs in Western Tatras accessible even to children. An exception to this is trying to access Volovec through Ostrý Roháč and Jamnícke saddle, which is one of the most exposed climbs on the main ridge of Western Tatras.
* Red trail from Jarząbczy Wierch / Hrubý Vrch (2:10 h)
* Blue trail from village Oravice through Jamnícka valley
* Green trail from Polana Chochołowska through Dolina Chochołowska Wyżnia, it connects with the blue trail at the saddle between Rákoň and Volovec (2:40 h, ↓ 2:05 h)
Hiking off-trails is forbidden in Polish Western Tatras and allowed only at certain areas in Slovak Western Tatras and only when accompanied by a mountain guide or when holding a UIAA license.

## Gallery

* Volovec as seen from Ostrý Roháč / Rohacz Ostry
* Tourist marker at the summit
* Volovec as seen from Trzydniowiańsky Wierch
* Volovec, in the foreground part of Łopata / Lopata
# Semyon Dezhnev (film)

Semyon Dezhnev (Russian: Семён Дежнёв) is a 1983 Soviet biographical film directed by Nikolai Gusarov.

## Plot

The film tells about the Russian traveler Semyon Dezhnev, who discovered new Siberian lands, sailed from the Stone Belt to the east of the Eurasian continent and discovered the strait between Asia and North America.

## Cast

* Aleksey Buldakov as Semyon Dezhnev
* Leonid Nevedomsky as Mikhail Stadukhin
* Viktor Grigoryuk as Gerasim Ankudinov
* Margarita Borisova as Abakayada
* Ivan I. Krasko as merchant Guselnikov
* Olga Sirina as Ovdotitsa
* Oleg Korchikov as Fedot Popov
* Nikolai Gusarov as Timoshka
* Stepan Yemelyanov as Atamai
* Gennadi Yukhtin as Kotkin
* Bolot Beyshenaliyev as Sakhey
# William Raynes

William Robert Raynes (26 January 1871 – 30 January 1966) was a British politician. He was a socialist Member of Parliament, alderman and Mayor of Derby. He helped plan a scheme for the River Derwent and there is a major road in Derby – Raynesway – that is named after him.

## Life

Raynes was born on 26 January 1871 at Chasetown, Staffordshire, England. He was the son of Derbyshire-born Henry Eley Raynes and Phebe Raynes. The family moved many times during William's childhood and he was educated at nine different schools in nine different parts of the country.
The family moved to Osmaston, then outside the Borough of Derby in 1883. William's first job, after leaving school at the age of 13, was with the local Co-operative Society.
Later he became a painter and decorator, living at 13 Commerce Street in nearby Alvaston.
In October 1911 he was selected to be the Labour party candidate for Osmaston Ward when a by-election was called following the untimely death of Councillor Edwin Goldsmith.
As the winning candidate in the by-election, he became Derby's first Labour councillor.
In May 1919, Raynes made a speech where he called for the withdrawal of British troops from the Russian civil war. Raynes' speech also praised the Soviet Union's educational policy, adding "If that is Bolshevism then I am a Bolshevik." In response, the right-wing magazine John Bull called Raynes "a dangerous fool and an unholy liar", and added "Derby should spew such a man...out from its midst."
As one of the longest serving members of the council, he was nominated as the town's first Labour mayor in 1921 without opposition from the other parties.
He was a Member of Parliament for Derby from 6 December 1923 to 29 October 1924 and again between 1929 and 1931 but his greatest work was in local government.
He moved to 85 Empress Road, Rose Hill around 1930 and was by then a Justice of the Peace.
Alderman Raynes instigated many local projects including the Riverlands scheme in 1929, the 1932 flood prevention scheme and the Outer Ring Road.
The Riverlands scheme involved straightening and clearing the tortuous course of the River Derwent downstream of Derby. The work was completed in 1934 at a cost of £300,000. It was expected to prevent the periodic flooding of large tracts of land in close proximity. Derby Corporation gained 800 acres of building land for industrial purposes as a result.
His name is commemorated in Raynesway, the section of the Derby Outer Ring Road, across the newly drained land between Chaddesden and Alvaston, opened on 28 September 1938 by the mayor of Derby, Mr E.E. Paulson.
Alderman Raynes was still active in postwar politics in Derby, being present at the opening of the new council chamber in 1954. He died on 30 January 1966 aged 95.
# Kapelle-op-den-Bos

Kapelle-op-den-Bos (Dutch pronunciation:) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. The municipality comprises the towns of Kapelle-op-den-Bos proper, Nieuwenrode and Ramsdonk. On January 1, 2006, Kapelle-op-den-Bos had a total population of 8,904. The total area is 15.25 km$^2$ which gives a population density of 584 inhabitants per km$^2$.
Located at the intersection of the Willebroek to Brussels shipping canal and the Mechelen-Ghent railway line, the town is home to the Etex Group NV group of companies, which manufacture piping, roofing, gyprock and cement products. Numerous other industrial companies call Kapelle-op-den-Bos home, and the General Secondary College Sint-Theresia College (STK) has a wide catchment extending beyond municipal boundaries.
The town was a target for heavy bombing during the First World War due to its proximity to transport routes. Among the many buildings destroyed was the parish church dedicated to Saint Nicholas, which was later rebuilt with a modern flavour; the nave retained its original arched windows, but the steeple now appears as a crown.
Kapelle-op-den-Bos is heavily polluted with asbestos. Many inhabitants of the village died due to this mortal pollution. Health problems caused by the asbestos pollution still remain a major problem for the whole area.
# Julius Real

Julius Real (May 7, 1860 – May 29, 1944) was an American politician from Texas who served as a Republican member of the Texas Senate. Real County, Texas is named after him.

## Biographical sketch

Julius Real was born near Kerrville, Texas, on May 7, 1860, on a ranch along Turtle Creek to parents Caspar and Emelie (Schreiner) Real. He married Marguerethe Koch Schmidt on February 23, 1886 and they had one child. He was elected to the Texas Senate in 1908 to succeed Robert B. Green in the 24th district. For portions of his time in the Senate, he was its only Republican member. He served until 1915. He was elected again a decade later and served until 1929. Real died on May 29, 1944.
# Francine McRae

Francine McRae (born 27 April 1969) is a softball player from Australia, who won a bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Rodovia Oswaldo Cruz

Rodovia Oswaldo Cruz (official designation SP-125) is a state highway in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.
# Judith Laing

Judith Laing (born 27 May 1957) is an Australian former cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling left-arm medium. She appeared in three Test matches for Australia, all during their series against New Zealand in 1979. She played domestic cricket for New South Wales.
# Kym Ruddell

Kym Ruddell (born 19 July 1955) is an Australian former professional tennis player.
While competing on tour, Ruddell appeared in every Australian Open from 1974 to 1980. She was most successful in women's doubles, reaching the semifinals twice and the quarterfinals two times.
Ruddell was runner-up to Judy Tegart-Dalton at the 1975 Australian Hard Court Championships. She was also a doubles finalist in two WTA Tour level tournaments during her career.
In 1977, Ruddell partnered with Karen Krantzcke to win a doubles tournament in Tallahassee. After they won the final and were due to pick up their winner's cheques, Krantzcke decided to go for a jog and suffered a fatal heart attack around 200 metres from the courts.

## WTA Tour finals
### Doubles (0–2)

| Result | W/L | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Loss | 0–1 | Nov 1977 | Melbourne, Australia | Grass | Patricia Bostrom | Evonne Goolagong Cawley Betty Stöve | 3–6, 0–6 |
| Loss | 0–2 | Dec 1979 | Sydney, Australia | Grass | Barbara Jordan | Diane Desfor Barbara Hallquist | 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |
# Leonie Callaghan

Leonie Callaghan (born 1959) is an Australian former cricket player. Callaghan played for New South Wales women's cricket team between 1980 and 1985, and played one One Day International for the Australia national women's cricket team.
# Sanghen

Sanghen (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 13 miles (22 km) south of Calais.
# Lynette Wagg

Lynette Wagg (born 5 June 1939) is an Australian canoe sprinter who competed in the mid-1960s. At the 1964 Summer Olympics, she finished ninth in the K-2 500 m event.
# Mardi Lunn

Mardi Lunn (born 9 January 1968) is an Australian professional golfer. Her sister, Karen Lunn, is also a professional golfer.
Lunn played on several tours including the ALPG Tour, LPGA Tour, and Ladies European Tour. She has won five times worldwide.
Lunn has won once on the LPGA Tour in 1999. Lunn also took part in the largest playoff in LPGA Tour history at the 1999 Jamie Farr Kroger Classic. Se Ri Pak birdied the first sudden-death playoff hole to defeat Lunn, Karrie Webb, Carin Koch, Sherri Steinhauer, and Kelli Kuehne.
After retiring in 2006, Lunn has been a caddie for Lisa Hall on the Ladies European Tour.

## Professional wins
### LPGA Tour wins (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| 1 | 8 Aug 1999 | areaWEB.COM Challenge | −13 (66-71-71-67=275) | 1 stroke | Jan Stephenson |
LPGA Tour playoff record (0–1)
| No. | Year | Tournament | Opponents | Result |
| 1 | 1999 | Jamie Farr Kroger Classic | Carin Koch Kelli Kuehne Se Ri Pak Sherri Steinhauer Karrie Webb | Pak won with a birdie on the first extra hole |

### ALPG Tour wins (2)

* 1995 Daikyo Ladies Cup
* 2004 ABC Learning Centres Classic

### Ladies European Tour wins (1)

* 1993 European Ladies Classic

### Ladies Asia Golf Circuit wins

* 1991 Thailand Ladies Open

## Team appearances

Amateur
* Tasman Cup (representing Australia): 1987 (tied)
* Queen Sirikit Cup (representing Australia): 1988 (winners)
# Carex rariflora

Carex rariflora, the looseflower alpine sedge, is a species of plant in the sedge family. It is found in the United States in Alaska and Maine, and in Canada in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. In these regions, it is ranked as an obligate hydrophyte in establishing wetland areas. It prefers wet environments such as open bogs, meadows, seepage slopes, and low-elevation heath tundra. This perennial grass, which can be up to 3 feet tall, has fibrous roots, and holds all perennial organs underground. The leaves are alternate, long, narrow, and simple, with parallel veins. They grow in dense clusters, and the dead leaves are found at the base of the plant. The plant blooms and fruits in the summer. All flowers are monoecious and unisexual, producing a spike inflorescence. All inflorescences are subtended by shorter, proximal bracts.
# Margaret Woodlock

Margaret Joy "Marg" Woodlock (born 20 May 1938) is an Australian athlete. She competed in the women's shot put at the 1956 Summer Olympics.
# Marisa Rowe

Marisa Rowe (born 16 July 1963) is a former Australian women's basketball player.

## Biography

Rowe was a member of the national team roster during the 1980s and competed for Australia at the 1986 World Championship held in the Soviet Union. In the domestic Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) Rowe played 151 games for AIS (1981–82), Melbourne East (1983-84), St Kilda Saints (1985), Geelong Supercats (1986) and Coburg Cougars (1987–89). Rowe's mother, Pat Rowe, was captain of the Australian squads that competed at the 1967 World Championship held in Czechoslovakia and 1971 World Championship held in Brazil.