# Walter Matoni

Walter Matoni (27 June 1917 – 26 June 1988) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

## Career

Matoni was born on 27 June 1917 in Duisburg. Feldwebel Matoni was assigned to 9./Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) in the summer of 1940 and his first claim, a Hawker Hurricane followed on 30 September. During mid 1941 Matoni operated over Russia and claimed three victories (Two DB-3's and an R-10). On 17 August 1941, Feldwebel Matoni was posted to II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing). On 21 September, he was transferred to III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing) based at the airfield near Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise.
He was badly wounded in aerial combat resulting in a lengthy convalescence, following which he served as an instructor with Jagdgruppe West from October 1942 to February 1943. On 28 February, Matoni was posted to 6. Staffel of JG 26.
He shot down a Supermarine Spitfire on 17 June as his fifth victory. On 31 August, Oberleutnant Matoni's Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-6 (Werknummer 530118—factory number) was hit and he was wounded by return fire from United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers resulting in a forced landing at Montdidier. In December he claimed a Spitfire near Boulogne on 21 December as his 8th victory.
In an action against USAAF B-26 twin-engine bombers on 14 January 1944 Matoni shot down a Spitfire escorting the bombers, probably flown by Austrian-born S/L. Franz Colloredo-Mansfeld DFC (3 destroyed) of No. 132 Squadron RAF, who was killed. On 24 February Matoni shot down a USAAF B-24 four-engine bomber near Frankfurt for his 13th and JG 26's 2,000th victory.
Matoni was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) 5. Staffel of JG 26 on 25 February 1944. He succeeded Oberfeldwebel Adolf Glunz who was transferred. On 10 May, he was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) for 20 victories.

### Group commander

On 15 August 1944, Hauptmann Matoni was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG 11—11th Fighter Wing). He took command of the Gruppe on 17 August. The Gruppe had just relocated to an airfield at Dammartin-en-Goële and had been augmented by a fourth Saffel following a period of rest an replenishment in Germany.
In September, he was transferred and appointed Gruppenkommandeur of I. Gruppe of JG 2, replacing Hauptmann Erich Hohagen who had been injured in combat.
On 5 December, Matoni was so seriously injured in a takeoff accident at Merzhausen due to engine failure of his Fw 190. His injuries were so severe that he had to be replaced as Gruppenkommandeur of I. Gruppe. Command was temporarily given to Hauptmann Kurt Hoffmann before Hauptmann Franz Hrdlicka took command on 18 December. Despite this, he was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of II./JG 2 in January 1945 until 28 February. Matoni was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 16 December 1944. He ended the war at the Fighter Pilot's rest-home at Bad Wiessee.

## Later life

Just three years before his death, among other guests Matoni appeared on the British television show This Is Your Life on the 8 May 1985, the 40th anniversary of the German capitulation. He was guest on the Johnnie Johnson episode, celebrating the RAF ace' life. Matoni's presence owed to a British media-created legend that Johnson personally challenged the German to a duel over Normandy. Matoni died on 26 June 1988 in Frankfurt am Main.

## Summary of career
### Aerial victory claims

According to Obermaier, Matoni was credited with 34 aerial victories claimed in over 400 claimed missions. He claimed three aerial victories on the Eastern Front, and further 31 aerial victories on the Western Front, including 14 were four-engined heavy bombers. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 29 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This figure includes three aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 26 over the Western Allies, including 10 four-engined bombers.
Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 04 Ost N/AD-8/9". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km$^2$). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.
Chronicle of aerial victories :
| This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Caldwell, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. ||||||||||
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 27 – Action at the Channel and over England — 26 June – 10 November 1940 ||||||||||
| 1 | 30 September 1940 | 10:35 | Hurricane | Tunbridge Wells | | | | | |
| – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 27 – Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 16 October 1941 ||||||||||
| 2 | 17 July 1941 | 03:45 | DB-3 | Pniewo | 4 | 27 July 1941 | 04:05 | DB-3 | north of Lake Shiziskoje |
| 3 | 26 July 1941 | 04:21 | R-10 (Seversky) | east of Dukhovshchina | | | | | |
| – 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" – On the Western Front — 28 February – June 1943 ||||||||||
| 5 | 17 June 1943 | 09:50 | Spitfire | 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Zeebrugge | | | | | |
| – 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" – On the Western Front — July – August 1943 ||||||||||
| 6 | 15 July 1943 | 16:55 | Spitfire | 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Rue 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 mi) north-northwest of Le Crotoy | 7 | 27 August 1943 | 19:35? | B-17 | 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Dunkirk Merville |
| – 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" – On the Western Front — December 1943 ||||||||||
| 8 | 21 December 1943 | 12:08 | Spitfire | 3 km (1.9 mi) south-southwest of Boulogne | 9 | 30 December 1943 | 11:50 | B-24 | 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Soissons |
| – 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" – On the Western Front — January 1944 ||||||||||
| 10 | 11 January 1944 | 13:30 | B-17 | Tubbergen, 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Almelo | 12? | 29 January 1944 | 11:30 | B-17* | 12 km (7.5 mi) southwest of Mühlhausen |
| 11 | 14 January 1944 | 12:02 | Spitfire | Doullens | | | | | |
| – 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 26 "Schlageter" – On the Western Front — February – August 1944 ||||||||||
| 13 | 24 February 1944 | 13:55 | B-24 | Rodenrot, district of Dillenburg | 19 | 13 April 1944 | 13:25 | B-17* | 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Bitburg |
| 14 | 6 March 1944 | 15:05 | B-17 | 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Jülich | 20 | 13 April 1944 | 16:00 | P-47 | 32 km (20 mi) north of Kaiserslautern |
| 15 | 8 March 1944 | 13:30 | B-17 | Mittelland Canal | 21 | 17 June 1944 | 06:38 | P-51 | Caen |
| 16 | 8 March 1944 | 13:40? | B-17* | Nienburg-Weser north of Magdeburg | 22 | 21 June 1944 | 21:46 | P-38 | west of Paris |
| 17 | 12 April 1944 | 13:05 | B-24* | southeast of Liège | 23 | 24 June 1944 | 07:28 | Spitfire | south of Évreux |
| 18 | 12 April 1944 | 13:28? | B-24* | south of Liège | 24 | 2 July 1944 | 20:52 | Spitfire | northwest of Caen |
| – Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 – Invasion of France — August 1944 ||||||||||
| 25 | 20 August 1944 | 15:56 | P-47 | PQ 04 Ost N/AD-8/9, vicinity of Paris | | | | | |
| – Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 – On the Western Front — August 1944 ||||||||||
| 26 | 28 September 1944 | 10:45 | Spitfire | PQ 05 Ost S/JM/JN, vicinity of Nijmegen | 27 | 4 October 1944 | 13:37 | P-47 | PQ 05 Ost S/NN-2/3, vicinity of Liège |
| – Stab I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" – Defense of the Reich — October – November 1944 ||||||||||
| 28 | 20 October 1944 | 10:45 | P-38 | PQ 05 Ost NP-2 east of Köln-Bonn | 30 | 19 November 1944 | 10:29 | P-47 | southwest of Düren |
| 29 | 29 October 1944 | 15:13 | P-38 | PQ 05 Ost NO-6 Wesseling | | | | | |

### Awards

* Flugzeugführerabzeichen
* Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe
* Wound Badge (1939) in Black and Silver
* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (12 September 1940)
** 1st Class (November 1940)
* Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 8 May 1944 as Oberleutnant and pilot
* German Cross in Gold on 1 October 1944 as Oberleutnant in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 26
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 16 December 1944 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen"