OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bossam

Bossam (Korean: 보쌈) is a pork dish in Korean cuisine. It usually consists of pork shoulder that is boiled in spices and thinly sliced. The meat is served with side dishes such as spicy radish salad, sliced raw garlic, ssamjang (wrap sauce), saeu-jeot (salted shrimp), kimchi, and ssam (wrap) vegetables such as lettuce, kkaennip (perilla leaves), and inner leaves of a napa cabbage.
Bossam is a popular dish in South Korea, often served as anju (i.e. food accompanying alcoholic drinks). To eat, the meat and side dishes are wrapped together in ssam vegetables, hence the literal meaning of bossam: "wrapped" or "packaged".

## History

Bossam is traditionally linked with the process of gimjang, during which large quantities of kimchi are prepared for winters. To ensure the commitment of the workers during this labor-intensive process, yangban (scholar-gentry of the Joseon era) would deliver a pig for a feast. The workers would enjoy boiled pork with some of their newly made kimchi, which, being early in the fermentation process, was a fresh and crispy complement to the soft pork of bossam.

## Preparation

Although beef can also be used, pork is preferred for bossam. In the case of pork, pork neck is less fat and lighter than pork belly, so it is better to make bossam. The meat is tied with kitchen twine to hold its shape, and boiled in a broth that contains star anise, ginger, white part and root of scallion, garlic, doenjang (soybean paste), coffee powder, tea leaves, and so on, to reduce the gaminess. When cooked, it is rinsed with cold water, untied, and pressed lightly in a cotton cloth to maintain its shape. When cooled, the meat is sliced into pieces of about 0.3 centimetres (0.12 in) and served with varieties of side dishes, typically including spicy radish salad similar to the kimchi filling, inner leaves of napa cabbages, and freshly made baechu-kimchi (napa cabbage kimchi).
If the meat is served with fresh raw oyster, the dish is called gul-bossam (굴보쌈; "oyster bossam").

## Gallery

* With jokbal
* Gul-bossam (bossam with oysters)
* Bossam table with banchan (side dishes)
# Gideon Rodan

Gideon Alfred Rodan (June 14, 1934 – January 1, 2006) was a Romanian-born American biochemist and Doctor of Medicine.

## Formative years

Rodan was born in Bucharest, Romania on June 14, 1934. He completed his doctor of medicine degree at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and was awarded a doctor of philosophy degree by the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel.

## Career

From 1970 to 1985, Rodan taught at the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine. He was then hired by Merck Research Laboratories. In 1987, he became president of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
His most notable work involved the study of Osteoporosis. Rodan researched the deformation of bone cells. Investigating the connection between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, he helped to analyze and describe the two.
As director of the department for bone biology and osteoporosis at Merck during the 1990s, he helped to create a compound to block osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. This compound became known as Alendronate or Fosamax. He also examined the role of steroid in bone metabolism and the communication between bones and hormones. In 1996, he edited the book, Principles of Bone Biology.

## Death

Rodan died from cancer on January 1, 2006, in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

## Legacy

The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research presented Rodan with its Excellence in Mentorship Award, and then renamed the award in his honor. The Gideon A. Rodan Excellence in Mentorship Award has recognized leading scientist-educators every year since 2001.
# Ángel Hernández (boxer)

José Ángel Hernández (born 17 September 1975) is a Mexican professional boxer. He has held the NABA, NABF and International Boxing Association Americas light middleweight titles.

## Professional career

Hernandez made his professional boxing debut at age 16 on March 29, 1996 with a first-round KO victory over David Pearson. He won his first eight fights by knockout.
Hernandez was 13-0 before being defeated by Puerto Rican boxer Wilfredo Rivera.
On May 13, 2000, Hernandez won the IBA Americas Jr. Middleweight Title with a twelve-round split decision over Dominican Republic's Julio Cesar De la Cruz.
On July 28, 2002, Hernandez defeated Larry Marks for the vacant NABF light middleweight title by split decision.

### Hernandez vs. Ouma

On May 30, 2003, Kassim Ouma defeated 'El Toro' by split decision in an IBF Light Middleweight Title Eliminator for the vacant USBA light middleweight title.

### Hernandez vs. Winky Wright

On November 8, 2003, Hernandez (26-4) lost a 12-round unanimous decision to previous IBF light middleweight champion Winky Wright, (45-3). Winky became the new IBF light middleweight champion in the co-event fight at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino, Las Vegas.

### Hernandez vs. Joval

On February 6, 2004, 'El Toro' moved up in weight and fought Raymond Joval of Netherlands at Desert Diamond Casino, Tucson, Arizona, United States. Joval won a technical decision in the eighth round.

### Hernandez vs. Manfredo Jr.

On May 22, 2010, Hernandez lost his attempt to win the International Boxing Organization's vacant middleweight title against The Contender's Peter Manfredo, Jr. by tenth round stoppage.

### Hernandez vs. Adama

On December 17, 2010, Hernandez lost his second shot at a middleweight championship for the vacant IBO international title at UIC Pavilion in Chicago, Illinois to ex-Olympian Osumanu Adama of Ghana by a twelve round unanimous decision.

### Hernandez Disqualification Loss to Joey Hernandez

On March 25, 2011, Hernandez incurred an eighth round disqualification loss to Joey Hernandez, in a bout for the vacant USBO Light Middleweight title. Hernandez was briefly suspended, but was subsequently reinstated. He was relicensed to box by the Illinois Athletic Commission in 2012.

### Hernandez versus Demetrius Andrade

Hernandez failed in an attempted comeback on February 10, 2012, in the main event of a Mohegan Sun Casino seven bout boxing card against 15-0 ex-Olympian Demetrius Andrade in a bout for the vacant IBA Americas light middleweight title. Andrade knocked out Hernandez at 1:39 of the second round. Hernandez, who passed all required medical tests before the bout, was suspended for 90 days.
# Robert Cannell

Robert Cannell (born August 12, 1942) is a pediatrician who was a member of the Arizona State Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives. He was first elected to the House in November 2000, representing District 5.$^{:viii–ix}$ After redistricting in 2002, he won re-election to the House in District 24. However, when Herb Guenther, who had won the State Senate seat, did not take the oath of office, Cannell was appointed by Yuma County Board of Supervisors to replace him.$^{:viii–ix}$ Cannell won re-election to the Senate in 2004.$^{:ix}$ He did not run for re-election in 2006.
# Porto Vera Cruz

Porto Vera Cruz is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 1,308.
The municipality would be partially flooded by the proposed Garabí Dam.
# Jamaica Bar

The Jamaican Bar Association is a voluntary organisation of attorneys-at-law called to the Jamaican Bar. It was formed on 16 January 1973. The association is not a regulatory or disciplinary body and has no power to hear complaints against attorneys, even if they are members of the association.
It strives to maintain and strengthen the rule of law and human rights, to protect the independence of judges and attorneys-at-law, to reform and improve the local legal system, to offer services to those in need, to foster legal education, and to protect the integrity of the legal profession in Jamaica.
# Rantarata

Rantarata (the Coastal Railway, Swedish: Kustbanan), is a railway running between Helsinki Central Station and Turku Central Station in Finland. Its first segment, linking Turku to Karis, was commissioned in 1895, and work began the following year. The Turku–Karis track was opened for temporary traffic on 1 April 1899 and for permanent use on 1 November 1899. The second part of the Rantarata, linking Karis to Helsinki, was approved in 1897 and opened for traffic in 1902–1903.
The track was built to primarily serve commuter traffic and was therefore laid out with many curves and as few tunnels and expensive earthworks as possible. This resulted in a series of corrections and straightening of curves, a work which began in the 1910s and continued all the way to the 1990s.
As a part of the original plan, all of the stations along the Rantarata featured wooden station houses designed by the architect Bruno Granholm. Over the years many of these wood station building had been dismantled to make way for newer structures, such as Leppävaara railway station in 1999. Some of the old buildings still remain, Kauniainen railway station being the most significant example.
The track between Helsinki and Kirkkonummi was upgraded with 25 kV AC railway electrification during the 1960s, and was the first government-owned electrified railway line in Finland. Together with other improvements and maintenance, the Kirkkonummi–Karis track received its overhead lines in 1994. Coinciding with the purchase of VR Group's first VR Class Sm3 "Pendolino" high-speed trains, the remaining track between Karis and Turku Harbour was electrified in 1995, completing the route.
The passenger service to Uusikaupunki was abolished in the early 1990s, while freight traffic continues through the Port of Uusikaupunki. Work to electrify the line to Uusikaupunki was scheduled to begin in 2019, leading to the possibility of passenger service being reinstated.
# Shrinking Violet

Shrinking Violet may refer to:

## Music

* "Shrinking Violet", a song on Mostly Autumn's album The Last Bright Light
* "Shrinking Violet", a song by the band Bishop Allen
* Shrinking Violet, an album by the band L.A. Guns

## Other uses

* Shrinking violet, an English idiom meaning a "shy person"
* Salu Digby, a character from DC Comics also known as Shrinking Violet
* Shrinkin' Violette, one of the children in The Funny Company
* Shrinking Violet, a book written by Danielle Joseph, foundation for Radio Rebel
* Shrinking Violet, a talking doll similar to Chatty Cathy manufactured in the mid-20th century in the US
# Fred M. Wilcox (Wisconsin politician)

Fred M. Wilcox (July 17, 1870 – January 13, 1944) was an American lawyer, public official, and politician.
Born in Marshall County, Iowa, Wilcox graduated from Montour High School in Montour, Iowa in 1887. He then graduated from Iowa State University in 1893. In 1894, Wilcox practiced law in Seymour, Wisconsin and then in Appleton, Wisconsin. Wilcox served as district attorney for Outagamie County, Wisconsin from 1896 to 1904 and was a Republican. Wilcox served in the Wisconsin State Senate from 1905 to 1909. In 1913, Wisconsin Governor Francis McGovern appointed Wilcox to the Wisconsin Industrial Commission; Wilcox served on the commission until 1934 and was chairman of the industrial commission. In 1936, Wilcox was appointed director of the Social Security Administration office in Minneapolis, Minnesota serving until his death in 1944. Wilcox died from a heart attack, that he had while at work, at his home in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
# Marian McClure

Marian McClure (born July 10, 1942) is a former member of the Arizona House of Representatives, initially representing the 9th District before redistricting in 2002 moved her to the 30th District. She was first elected to the House in November 2000.$^{:viii–ix}$ She won re-election in 2002, 2004, and 2006.$^{:ix}$$^{:ix}$$^{:viii–ix}$ Due to Arizona term limits, she was ineligible to run for re-election in 2008. Instead, she ran for the Arizona State Senate, where she lost in the Republican primary to incumbent Frank Antenori, who went on to re-election in the general election.
# Pandat

The Pandat (other names also include Kamping, Parang Pandat, Parang Pandit or Mandau Tangkitn) is the war sword of the Dayak people of northwest Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia and West Kalimantan, Indonesia) and is never used as a tool. On October 18, 2016, this weapon was featured in season 3 episode 9 of the American bladesmithing competition series Forged in Fire.

## Description

The Pandat has a short, heavy, single-edged blade with an iron hilt. It has no real handle, but a short cross-piece of iron or bone passes through the handle. A Tangkin (a term for the Pandat in Kendayan language) with a handle that resembles a cross is referred to as "female Tangkin" by the Kendayan people, while a "male Tangkin" has its handle wrapped in red cloth.
The sword is wielded with one or two hands and used primarily with downward strokes. Its blade and hilt are forged from one piece and the blade is bent, just before the hilt, at an angle of 25 degrees. The bend in the blade is located in the transitional part between the blade and the hilt. Both the back and the edge are straight and run apart, so that the blade's broadest part is at the point. The blade length is generally between 55 and 70 centimetres (22 and 28 in) and the handle is about 40 centimetres (16 in) long. The sheath is usually made of wood and decorated with traditional patterns. It may be decorated with feathers or tufts of hair or simply painted red.

## Use

It is thought that a downward cut would be highly inefficient and unbalanced, throwing a great strain upon the wrist. Pandats are well balanced for upward cuts, but this would perhaps not be a very effective form of attack. The Pandat's typically bent blade is very similar to Parang Latok which, unlike the Pandat, is used as a tool.
# John Gloninger

John Gloninger (September 19, 1758 – January 22, 1836) was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

## Biography

John Gloninger was born in Lebanon Township in the Province of Pennsylvania. He served as a subaltern officer in the Associaters during the Revolutionary War and later was in command of a battalion of militia. Upon the organization of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, he was appointed a lieutenant by the supreme executive council on May 6, 1785. He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1790. He resigned and served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1790 until 1792. He was appointed by Governor Thomas Mifflin as justice of the peace of Dauphin County on September 8, 1790. He was commissioned as associate judge on August 17, 1791, and upon the formation of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, he was commissioned on September 11, 1813, as one of the associate judges for that county.
Gloninger was elected as a Federalist to the Thirteenth Congress and until his resignation on August 2, 1813. He was again appointed associate judge of Lebanon County and died in Lebanon, Pennsylvania. Interment in First Reformed Churchyard.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "John Gloninger (id: G000241)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
* The Political Graveyard
U.S. House of Representatives :
| Preceded byRoger Davis John M. Hyneman Joseph Lefever | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district 1813 alongside:James Whitehill | Succeeded byEdward Crouch Amos Slaymaker |
* This article about a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Josef Zieleniec

Josef Zieleniec (born 28 May 1946) is a Czech politician and former Member of the European Parliament. From 2004, was a member of the SNK European Democrats (SNK-ED). In the European Parliament, he was a member of the European People's Party and served on the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. Zieleniec is currently a lecturer at the Prague academic center of New York University.

## Early life and education

Zieleniec was born in Moscow to Polish parents. He received his master's degree in 1974 from the University of Economics, Prague, and in 1986 received a postgraduate Candidate of Science from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Prague.

## Academic career

Zieleniec spent most of his professional career as an economist. From 1973 until the fall of the communist regime in 1989, he worked first as a research fellow in the Institute of Research in Engineering Technology and Economics Research, and later at the Institute of Economics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Apart from research in microeconomic theory, he worked on the problems of economic transition from a centrally planned to market economy. The study "Czechoslovakia at the crossroads", based on his research, had a significant impact on the discussions about economic reforms after 1989.
At the beginning of 1990 Zieleniec co-founded the Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education, the first American-style economics doctoral program in Central and Eastern Europe, at Charles University in Prague. He became its first director, and was also appointed senior lecturer in economics and joined the Scientific Council of the Faculty of Social Sciences at Charles University. From 1998 to 2003 he was a businessman.

## Political career

From 1992 to 1997 he was vice-chairman of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). In 1992 he was appointed Minister for Foreign Relations of Czechoslovakia. From 1993 to 1997 he was Foreign Minister of the Czech Republic, and from 1996 to 1997 he was Deputy Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. He was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic between 1996 and 2000, and in 2000 he was elected for a four-year term to the Czech Senate. Since 2004 he has been the political leader of the SNK European Democrats.
# Billboard Music Award for Top Dance/Electronic Artist

This article lists the winners and nominees for the Billboard Music Award for Top Dance/Electronic Artist.

## Winners and nominees

2011 – 2013: Top Dance Artist 2013 – 2013: Top EDM Artist 2014 – present: Top Dance/Electronic Artist
| Year | Winner | Nominee |
| 2011 | Lady Gaga | The Black Eyed Peas David Guetta La Roux Rihanna |
| 2012 | Lady Gaga | Britney Spears David Guetta LMFAO Rihanna |
| 2013 | Madonna (Top Dance Artist) | Calvin Harris David Guetta Skrillex Swedish House Mafia |
| 2013 | David Guetta (Top EDM Artist) | Calvin Harris Deadmau5 Skrillex Swedish House Mafia |
| 2014 | Daft Punk | Avicii Calvin Harris Lady Gaga Zedd |
| 2015 | Calvin Harris | Avicii Clean Bandit Disclosure Lindsey Stirling |
| 2016 | David Guetta | The Chainsmokers DJ Snake Major Lazer Zedd |
| 2017 | The Chainsmokers | Calvin Harris DJ Snake Lindsey Stirling Major Lazer |
| 2018 | The Chainsmokers | Calvin Harris Kygo Marshmello Odesza |
| 2019 | The Chainsmokers | Calvin Harris Kygo Marshmello Odesza |
| 2020 | The Chainsmokers | Avicii DJ Snake Illenium Marshmello |
| 2021 | Lady Gaga | The Chainsmokers Kygo Marshmello Surf Mesa |
| 2022 | Lady Gaga | Calvin Harris David Guetta Marshmello Tiësto |
| 2023 | Beyoncé | Drake David Guetta Calvin Harris Tiësto |
| 2024 | Charli XCX | Beyoncé The Chainsmokers Dua Lipa Calvin Harris |
# Clarence Nishihara

Clarence K. Nishihara (born 1942 or 1943) was a Democratic member of the Hawaii Senate, representing the state's 18th district from 2004 to 2022. He was the Chair of the Committee on Public Safety, Intergovernmental and Military Affairs.
On May 5, 2022, Nishihara announced his retirement after 18 years in the Legislature.
# Rybno, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Rybno (German: Rieben) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gniewino, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Gniewino, 15 km (9 mi) north-west of Wejherowo, and 50 km (31 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Revelo, Kentucky

Revelo is an unincorporated community within McCreary County, Kentucky, United States.
Originally a railroad siding for Southern Railway (US), the community was named for James Henry Oliver, an executive Vice President of Southern's Kentucky Division. Oliver was killed in a passenger train collision in 1918 in Danville, Virginia.
"Revilo" is an anadrome of "Oliver". The United States Postal Service changed it to the modern spelling in 1943.
# Chelating resin

Chelating resins are a class of ion-exchange resins. They are almost always used to bind cations, and utilize chelating agents covalently attached to a polymer matrix. Chelating resins have the same bead form and polymer matrix as usual ion exchangers. Their main use is for pre-concentration of metal ions in a dilute solution. Chelating ion-exchange resins are used for brine decalcification in the chlor-alkali industry, the removal of boron from potable water, and the recovery of precious metals in solutions.

## Properties and structure

Chelating resins operate similarly to ordinary ion-exchange resins.
Most chelating resins are polymers (copolymers to be precise) with reactive functional groups that chelate to metal ions. The variation in chelating resins arises from the nature of the chelating agents pendant from the polymer backbone. Dowex chelating resin A-1, also known as Chelex 100, is based on iminodiacetic acid in a styrene-divinylbenzene matrix. Dowex A-1 is available commercially and is widely used to determine general properties of chelating resins such as rate determining step and pH dependence, etc. Dowex A-1 is produced from chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer via amination with aminodiacetic acid.
Poly metal chelating resin has almost negligible affinity to both alkali and alkaline earth metals; small quantities of resin can be utilized to concentrate trace metals in natural water systems or biological fluids, in which there are three or four orders of magnitude greater alkali and alkaline earth metal concentration than the trace metal concentrations.
Other functional groups bound to chelating resins are aminophosphonic acids, thiourea, and 2-picolylamine.

## Application in heavy metal remediation

Soil contaminated with heavy metals including radionuclides is mitigated primarily using chelating resins.
Chelating polymers (ion-exchange resins) were proposed for maintenance therapy of pathologies accompanied by iron accumulation, such as hereditary hemochromatosis (iron overload) or Wilson's disease (copper overload), by chelating the metal ions in GIT and thus limiting its biological availability.
# Irina Snopova

Irina Snopova (born 7 June 1995) is a Russian handball player for HC Astrakhanochka and the Russian national team.

## International honours

* EHF Cup:
** Semifinalist: 2014
* Youth World Championship:
** Silver Medalist: 2012
# Hoseynabad, Farashband

Hoseynabad (Persian: حسين اباد, also Romanized as Ḩoseynābād) is a village in Aviz Rural District, in the Central District of Farashband County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 685, in 145 families.