OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 40 principles of invention

The 40 principles of invention are a suite of ideas that purport to aid in solving hard technical problems.
The principles are based on TRIZ, a theory about problem solving. They are used together with contradiction matrices.

## Contradiction matrix

A contradiction matrix is a structured and systematic representation of basic engineering parameters of objects, or systems, such as mass, length and manufacturing tolerances.

## TRIZ

TRIZ claims that by studying an individual parameter that is causing a problem (e.g., the mass of an object needs to be reduced), and the other parameters with which it conflicts (e.g., the lower mass would require thinner material, which is more likely to undergo catastrophic failure), solutions can be created.
This is actually the simplification of some fact. Namely, the structured contents of each of the cells within the contradiction matrix, (i.e. cells fulfilled with ordered principles and identified by their order numbers) - the principles of inventions have been chosen, due to realized necessary statistical extensive studies.

## History

Studies led by G. S. Altshuller led to this approach. According to Altshuller, every technical problem that requires a solution can be categorized in terms of what he called its main technical contradiction.
Altshuller proposed that the process of evolution of any given system is ruled by general laws of systems evolution. One such law says that the process of finding the solution can be facilitated by forming analogies to solutions that had already been found for another technical problem. However, the main point is to acquire the necessary experience in correctly defining the Main Technical Contradiction.
# Halkalı-Bahçeşehir Rail System

The B2 (Halkalı-Bahçeşehir) suburban or Halkalı-Bahçeşehir Rail System is a suburban train line that operates between Halkalı station and Bahçeşehir station in Istanbul.
Following the demands for the extension of Marmaray's westward terminal station, Halkalı, to Ispartakule and Çatalca, in 2019, the Başakşehir Municipality announced that it would open a temporary train line to connect the residents of the region to Halkalı. Due to the single track between Halkalı and Bahçeşehir and the absence of a signaling system, the system can only operate with a transfer to the Marmaray line twice a day in each direction.
While the construction of Bahçeşehir station was undertaken by the Municipality of Başakşehir, the construction of Ispartakule, Altınşehir, and Konut Birlik stations are being constructed by the Turkish State Railways.
On September 18, 2021, with the completion of the construction of the terminal station in Bahçeşehir, Mayor Yasin Kartoğlu of Başakşehir announced the successful completion of the first trial run of the line.
The line originally only operated between the Halkalı and Bahçeşehir stations, and later the Ispartakule station, with its opening on January 29, 2024. The Konut Birlik station is in the final stages of its construction, while the Altınşehir station is still in its initial phase. In the future, it is anticipated that the necessary installations for these stations will be completed, making them ready for operation.

## Stations

| Order | Station | District | Transfer(s) | Type | Notes |
| 1 | Halkalı | Küçükçekmece | (Halkalı)・ (Halkalı) İETT Bus: 79Y, 89A, 89BS, 98S, 143, BN1, H-3, MK16, MR40, MR42, MR50, MR51, MR52, MR54 | At-grade | TCDD Residences・Halkalı Customs Directorate・Halkalı Marmaray IETT Platforms |
| ↓↓ Under construction↓↓ ||||||
| 2 | Konut Birlik | Küçükçekmece | İETT Bus: 36AS, 76V, 79G, 79Ş ,79Y, 89A, 89K, 98S, 141M, HT1, HT20, KÇ2, MK16, MK31, MR51 | At-grade | |
| 3 | Altınşehir | Küçükçekmece | İETT Bus: 79G, 79Ş, HT20 | At-grade | |
| ↑↑ Under construction ↑↑ ||||||
| 4 | Ispartakule | Başakşehir | (Ispartakule) İETT Bus: 76A, 76V, 142B, 142E, 142T, 144M, 146T, 147, E-57, E-58, E-59, HS2, MK14, MK15 | At-grade | Bahçeşehir Pond |
| 5 | Bahçeşehir | Başakşehir | İETT Bus: 142, 142A, 144K, 146, 146T, E-59, MK15, | At-grade | Pazartürk Fair and Exhibition Area |

## Station distances

Measurements have been taken based on the middle section of the platforms of the stations
| Order | Station | Distances between stations | Distance from the initial station | Distance from Sirkeci |
| 1 | Halkalı | 0+00 km | Departure | 27+63 km |
| 2 | Konut Birlik | 2+14 km | 2+14 km | 29+77 km |
| 3 | Altınşehir | 2+66 km | 4+80 km | 32+43 km |
| 4 | Ispartakule | 5+59 km | 10+39 km | 38+02 km |
| 5 | Bahçeşehir | 2+96 km | 13+35 km | 40+98 km |
# List of sacred places in Java
## List of sacred places in Java

* Note that Java has at least three main cultural regions determined in part by the linguistic usages.

### Regions in Java

However, as known in Javanese language usage, vocabulary usage in the south western central Java region (Cilacap) can be significantly different from north eastern central Java region (Mount Muria).
* Jakarta
* Sundanese (or West Java)
* Javanese (or Central Java and East Java)
* Tenggerese (or Mount Bromo region)
In each region there are significant numbers of locations that are either currently known as sacred, or have been documented in the past as sacred places.

### Places

In most cases all Candi of Indonesia locations are considered as sacred - despite being in ruins or in advanced stages of decay.
* Borobudur in the Kedu valley west of Mount Merapi in central Java, Buddhist temple
* Mount Tidar in Magelang
* Menang, in Pagu sub-district of Kediri Regency, dedicated to King Jayabaya of Kediri
* Prambanan, Hindu temple
* Ratu Boko
* Turgo a hill on the southern slopes of Merapi
Many graveyards are considered sites of Ziarah or pilgrimage at points of time in the Javanese calendar.
* Makam Wali Songo (The Tombs of the Wali Songo) the nine Islamic Saints who propagated Islam in Java.
** Sunan Ampel
** Sunan Kalijaga
** Sunan Muria
* Imogiri south of Yogyakarta is a royal graveyard.
* Tembayat also known as Bayat is a graveyard visited by Sultan Agung
# Hilary Baker

Hilary Baker (February 21, 1746 – September 25, 1798) was an American abolitionist and politician who served as the mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1796 to 1798. He helped found the Pennsylvania Abolition Society and created Philadelphia's first paid and uniformed police force. He was the first Philadelphia policeman to die in the line of duty.

## Biography

He began his career as a hardware merchant. He served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. In 1779, he was clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions in Philadelphia, and a member of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention of 1789 and 1790. Baker was elected alderman from 1789 to 1796, and elected mayor in 1796. He was re-elected in 1797.
He was a staunch abolitionist and helped organize the Pennsylvania Abolition Society.
During the 1798 yellow fever outbreak in Philadelphia, Baker remained in the city while other wealthy and influential citizens fled to the countryside for their safety. He established Philadelphia's first paid, uniformed police force of 20 watchmen to protect the city from vandalism and looting. He contracted yellow fever and died on September 25, 1798. He was originally interred at Zion Church at Eighth and Race Streets but was re-interred in Laurel Hill Cemetery.
Baker was the maternal grandfather of abolitionist and Union Army spy Elizabeth Van Lew.
# Tuindorp Hustler Click

The Tuindorp Hustler Click (THC) is a Dutch rap group that was created in 1995 in Tuindorp Oostzaan in the northern part of Amsterdam. The group was created by several guys with different backgrounds, but with one thing in common: they all live in Tuindorp Oostzaan. That is where the name comes from, they are all from Tuindorp Oostzaan, and they see themselves as a click.

## Biography
### Birth

Around 1997, a member of the group named Rocks started rapping. He made a studio in his own room. His friends often came by and they started rapping. They rapped about their life, and their beliefs. They started selling their first CD on the streets, and it was put on the internet by someone else. At first they weren't happy with this, but when they found out that people got interested in them because of this, they thought it was convenient. THC got more famous over time.

### Breakthrough

The group started performing in small clubs themselves. They got help from a friend of theirs who was a DJ, DJ Chainsaw. He went with them to every clubs to play the beats that they rapped on. THC continued to create several other songs and clips. They signed a record deal with Walboomers, then the song "Wil je weten hoe het voelt" was created. THC continued to write new songs, songs like "Wil je weten hoe het voelt", "Bitch", "Je bent niet alleen" and "In de noordside" all became hit songs, that were even in the top-100 list in the Netherlands for a while. THC became infamous for getting into fights with other rappers, like Negativ and Royaal Family, both of these rappers wrote a song about THC to ridicule them.

### New album

In March 2007 the second official album of THC was released and it contains 20 songs. The new member Flex was not on this album yet, because he was sentenced to two years in prison, and was not attending the recording of all the songs. Even though most loyal fans liked the album, it was not well received by new fans. They thought that Tupac had too big of an influence on the rappers, and the difference in skill of several rappers in the group made the songs off-balanced. It is also said that the songs sound too much like the songs of the first album.

## THC members

* The members of THC are: Rocks, RBdjan, Zuen, d'Tuniz, Kenna, Menace, Ace, Kingo, Lanni B, DJ Chainsaw, Da Crhymerz.
* Former members of THC are: Appa, Hittespitter Flex, Miss Sophie.
* The following were not official members of THC, but were associated with THC Recordz: Badboy Taya & Naffer

### Appa

Since 2005 Appa is no longer a member of THC. However, this information wasn't released to the rest of the world until 2006, when Appa said it himself in an interview. Appa said that the reason he left is because he had several conflicts with two other rappers in the group. He is now pursuing a solo career.

### Solo

Some members of THC have also done some solo work, and released some of their own records.
* Rocks - Rocky 1: De BN'er Preview Mixtape (2008)
* Rocks - B.N.'er (Bekende N.i.g.g.a.) (2008)
* Hittespitter Flex - 666 Mixtape (2008)
* RB Djan - De Onderbaas (2011)
* Hittespitter Flex - Dresscode Blacka EP (2012)
# André de Leones

André de Leones (born 1980 in Goiânia) is a Brazilian novelist.
He was born in Goiânia and grew up in Silvânia, in the inner state of Goiás, Brazil. His home town frequently appears in his novels.
He was the winner of the 2005 Prêmio Sesc de Literatura for his debut novel Hoje Está um Dia Morto. Leones has released five more novels and a short story collection and has been published in several short story anthologies. He has a Bachelor's degree in Philosophy by the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo and has also written about literature for Brazilian newspapers and magazines.

## Works

His short story (and a novella) collection Paz na Terra Entre os Monstros followed shortly after his debut. His third novel, Dentes Negros, was released in 2011. The novel is about a fictitious apocalypse and its aftermath. In 2013 he released Terra de Casas Vazias. The novel was granted the Programa Petrobras Cultural sponsorship. His following novel, Abaixo do Paraíso, was considered by the newspaper O Globo one of the best fiction books published in 2016. Eufrates, his next novel, was shortlisted for the 2019 São Paulo Prize for Literature and longlisted for the Oceanos and Jabuti literary prizes. His latest work is Vento de Queimada, a crime novel set in the Brazilian Midwest, in the early 1980s. The main character of the novel is a female professional killer involved with corrupt politicians and other criminals.
Leones lives in São Paulo since 2010.

### Novels

* (2006) Hoje Está um Dia Morto (Today is a Dead Day)
* (2010) Como Desaparecer Completamente (How to Disappear Completely)
* (2011) Dentes Negros (Black Teeth)
* (2013) Terra de Casas Vazias (Land of Empty Houses)
* (2016) Abaixo do Paraíso (Below Heaven)
* (2018) Eufrates
* (2023) Vento de Queimada (Scorched Wind)

### Short story

* (2008) "Paz na Terra Entre os Monstros" (Peace on Earth Amongst Monsters)
# Costanza Di Camillo

Costanza Di Camillo (born 25 January 1995) is an Italian synchronised swimmer. She competed in Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
She won a bronze medal at the 2018 European Championships, and before a silver medal at the 2016 European Aquatics Championships.
Di Camillo is an athlete of the Gruppo Sportivo della Marina Militare,
# Pas Bol

Pas Bol (Persian: پس بل) is a village in Khonjesht Rural District, in the Central District of Eqlid County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33, in 10 families.
# Victoria Cook

Victoria Cook (born 1933, died April 18, 2019, from Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States) was a World Champion archer who represented the United States.
Cook took up archery in 1959 following an illness, and the subsequent doctor's recommendation of fresh air. Within three months she won the Minnesota state championship, and was then selected to represent the United States at the 1961 World Archery Championships, where she was part of the gold-medal winning women's team. She continued to shoot, despite recurring illness and surgery, and reached her greatest achievement in defeating fellow American and world champion Nancy Vonderheide to win the 1963 World Championships, which she had paid her own way to attend. She added the US national championship in 1964, and represented the US at world championships until 1971.
Cook was inducted into the Archery Hall of Fame in 2011.
# Wila Salla (Oruro-Potosí)

Wila Salla (Aymara wila red, salla rocks, cliffs, "red rocks") is a 4,616-metre-high (15,144 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the Oruro Department, Eduardo Abaroa Province, Challapata Municipality, and in the Potosí Department, Tomás Frías Province, Tinguipaya Municipality. It lies southeast of Kuntur Nasa.
# DJ DNA

Arjen de Vreede (born 26 April 1962 in Utrecht, The Netherlands), known by his stage name DJ DNA, is a Dutch DJ and producer. At age seventeen, he started as a DJ, and became a pioneer in the Dutch music scene playing hip hop, house, acid house and techno in renowned Dutch clubs such as the Roxy and the Vrije Vloer. He also co-founded the band Urban Dance Squad.
After leaving the Urban Dance Squad he was in various bands like JMX and Stuurbaard Bakkebaard. He made remixes for a.o. Junkie XL (Action Radius) and De Jeugd van Tegenwoordig (De Stofzuiger).
His first solo album was released 21 September 2012 and features Kurtis Blow. The first single The Sum of the Sound was released June 2012. The second single I wanna B (funky) was released September 2012.

## Discography

Urban Dance Squad
* Mental Floss For The Globe (1989)
* Hollywood Live (1990)
* Life 'n Perspectives Of A Genuine Crossover (1991)
* Artantica (1999)
JMX
* Autonome (1999)
* Parbleu (2002)
Palinckx
* Momentum and Wag
Pow Ensemble
* The 13 Bar Blues
Defunkt
* One World
Stuurbaard Bakkebaard
* L'amour (2009)
Solo project
* The Sum of the Sound (2012) ft Kurtis Blow, Pax, Torre Florim (De Staat) and Janne Schra
# Sack of Lipari

The sack of Lipari took place in 1544 when Hayreddin Barbarossa sacked the island and captured all or almost all of the islands inhabitants.
Hayreddin Barbarossa had just captured Ischia and took care of 4,000 inhabitants. He moved towards Lipari in the Kingdom of Naples where the viceroy, Pedro de Toledo, was warned of his movements.
Barbarossa arrived and put the island under siege rejecting two envoys that had been sent asking for peace. The third envoy Jacopo Camagna appealed for clemency offering Lipari to Barbarossa in exchange for the safety of its inhabitants, however Barbarossa replied “You came too late for clemency. How dare you offer what is already mine? Keep your gates closed - we’ve opened a hundred such breaches with our cannon. Lipari is already in my power: it is foolishly presumptuous to grant me apparently of your own free will what you no longer possess. This is no time for treaties or agreements: you are all my slaves.”
Barbarossa eventually agreed to a negotiation for the freedom of 26 families in exchange for their belongings which he took before setting on fire the towns archives, stealing whatever he could find and desecrating a cathedral and a church. An estimated 9,000 or 11,000 inhabitants of Lipari were enslaved. The Ottomans later sacked Vieste in southern Italy where they enslaved 7,000 inhabitants.
# Elmir

Elmir is a male given name.
In the Balkans, Elmir is popular among Bosniaks in the former Yugoslav nations. The name is a modification to the name Emir, and it holds the same meanings of prince, ruler, commander, and chief.

## Given name

* Elmir Alimzhanov (born 1986), Kazakhstani fencer
* Elmir Asani (born 1995), Serbian footballer
* Elmir Jukić (born 1971), Bosnian film director
* Elmir Kuduzović (born 1985), Bosnian footballer
* Elmir Nabiullin (born 1995), Russian footballer
# Afzal Ali (poet)

Afzal Ali (Bengali: আফজল আলী, romanized: Afzol Ali) was a medieval Bengali poet. He is best known for his magnum opus, Nasihatnama. Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad claims that he belongs to the 16th-century, although Banglapedia places him in the 17th century.

## Early life and family

Afzal Ali was born into a Bengali Muslim family from the village of Milua in present-day Satkania, Chittagong District. His father was known as Bhangu Faqir.

## Career

Afzal Ali was known to have written Nasihatnama (নসীহতনামা) around 1662 C.E., as well as Padabali, which were a few verses written in Vaishnava style. The former is a notable Muslim literary work of Bengal as only few Islamic have been found in Bengali during that period. The book contains references to sermons in simple language, and Ali had a good reputation as a writer. Many Bengali authors wrote books titled "Nasihatnama", with the next-known poet being Sheikh Paran (1550-1615).
# Clark Hall (politician)

Clark Hall is a Democratic politician who served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 2007 until 2013, representing the 13th District. Hall made an unsuccessful run for the U.S. House of Representatives in 2012. Hall served on the staff of Governor Mike Beebe from 2013 to 2014, Hall served as the mayor of Marvell, Arkansas from 2015 to 2018. Hall became Phillips County Judge in 2017.

## Early life

He was born and raised in the Arkansas Delta. He graduated from Arkansas State University. He has been a farmer for thirty years. Prior to being elected to the State House, he was a member of the Phillips County Quorum Court and the mayor of the city of Marvell.

## Arkansas legislature
### Elections

In 2004, he first ran for the State Legislature. In the Democratic primary, he was defeated by Arnell Willis 57%-43%. In 2006, Willis decided to retire to run for a seat in the Arkansas Senate. Hall ran for the 13th House District again, and qualified for the run-off election as no candidate in the three candidate race got 50% of the vote. Bill Brandon and Hall got 36% of the vote. Hall defeated Brandon 50.2%-49.8%, a margin of just 12 votes. He won the general election unopposed. He won re-election in 2008 with 86%, and in 2010 unopposed. He was term-limited in 2012.

### Committee assignments

* State Agencies and Governmental Affairs (Chairman)
** Elections subcommittee (ex officio)
** State Agencies & Reorganization subcommittee (ex officio)
** Constitutional issues subcommittee (ex officio)
* Joint Budget Committee
* Public Health, Welfare, and Labor Committee
** Labor & Environment subcommittee

## 2012 Congressional election

In October 2011, he announced he would run in Arkansas' 1st congressional district, currently held by freshman Congressman Rick Crawford. Hall criticized Crawford saying "They have pushed a rigid partisan agenda that threatens our nation's commitment to our seniors and future generations instead of focusing on putting people back to work. Hall was endorsed by the Blue Dog Coalition. Hall ran second in the three candidate primary with 38 percent of the vote but was narrowly defeated by Prosecuting Attorney Scott Ellington in the runoff election. Ellington in turn lost to Crawford in the general election.
# Kharkopar railway station

Kharkopar railway station (station code: KR) is a railway station in Raigad district, Maharashtra, India. It serves Kharkopar area of Navi Mumbai. The station consists of two platforms.
# Pay Taft Jalil

Pay toof Jalil (Persian: پاي طوف جليل, also Romanized as Pāy toof Jalīl) is a village in Poshtkuh-e Rostam Rural District, Sorna District, Rostam County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in 4 families.
# Wisalla

Wisalla (Aymara wisa the first-born of twins, -lla a suffix, 'little first-born twin', Hispanicized spelling Huisalla) is a 5,031-metre-high (16,506 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Curahuara de Carangas Municipality. Wisalla lies south-west of the dormant Sajama volcano.
# List of people from Gorgan

Following is a list of notable people from Gorgan, the capital of Golestan province in northern Iran.

## Notables from Gorgan
### Contemporary prominent figures

* Mohammad Reza Lotfi, Musician.
* Maryam Zandi, Photographer.

### Historical figures

* Abd-al-Qaher Jorjani, Grammarian and literary theorist.
* Mir Damad
* Gorgani, Zayn al-Din Isma‘il ibn, royal physician
* Gorgani, Abu Saeed, astronomer and mathematician
* Gorgani, Rustam, physician
* Masihi Gorgani, Avicenna's master
* Ali ibn Mohammed al-Jurjani, encyclopedic writer and theologian
* Fazlallah Astarabadi, 14th century Islamic mystic and founder of the Hurufi movement
* Bibi Khatoon Astarabadi, a notable writer, satirist, and one of the pioneering figures of the women's movement of Iran

### Mayors after the Islamic Revolution, February 1979 onwards

* Ebrahim Karimi (son of Abbass), holder of B.A. in Theology & Islamic Laws
* Ebrahim Karimi (son of Abbass), appointed (selected by the Gorgan City Islamic Council), in June 2007, for the 2nd time

## Famous guests
### Califs

* Abbasid Calif Harun Al-Rashid
* Imam Reza
# Venan

Venan (Persian: ونان, also Romanized as Venān and Vanān) is a village in Qahan Rural District, Khalajestan District, Qom County, Qom province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 192, in 66 families.