OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jeremiah S. Hess

Jeremiah S. Hess was an American politician who served in the Pennsylvania Senate for the 18th district representing Northampton County as a Democrat.

## Biography

Jeremiah S. Hess was born on December 3, 1843, in Hellertown, Pennsylvania to Reverend Samuel Hess, an influential local political figure, and Lucretia Klein Hess. He attended public school in Bethlehem and Allentown before attending the Allentown Seminary, being a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He attended Franklin & Marshall College earning a master's degree in the arts.
Shortly after his graduation, Hess was employed in various trades. Including as a teacher at his alma mater, the Allentown Seminary in 1862 before attending the Mercersburg seminary in 1865. He then attended lectures in universities in Berlin, Bonn, and Tubingen but would be forced to abandon his theological studies due to poor health and return to the United States.
Hess would then be employed in a series of professions working in the lumber, coal, brick businesses. He worked as a cashier for the Saucon Savings Bank from 1873 to 1877 and became the Superintendent of the Christ Union Sunday School in Hellertown. He would become the principal of the Hellertown Academy from 1878 to 1880.
Hess' political career began when he was elected as the Chief Burgess of Hellertown. Chief Burgess is an old English political office that acted as a municipalities executive, but largely as a ceremonial office with little political power, the office would be replaced by a mayoral government in the early 20th century. Hess would then be elected to the Helletown town council. Hess would then be elected to the 18th district of the Pennsylvania Senate as a Democrat, serving for a single term from 1883 to 1886. During his time in senate he would be a part of the Education, Insurance, Legislative Apportionment, and Library committees.
Hess would die on March 29, 1928, at the age of 84 and is buried in the Union Cemetery in Hellertown.

## Personal life

Hess married Tillie Née Henninger in 1875. The couple had four children, Herbert H. Hess, Clara Hess, Mary L. Hess and Samuel Hess. Jeremiah S. Hess would found the Pennsylvania German Society in 1891, and was also a Freemason for 26 years.
# Veikko Ihamuotila

Veikko Ihamuotila (17 February 1911 — 2 February 1979) was an influential Finnish agriculture sector leader, administrator and one-time government minister.

## Early life and education

Veikko Ihamuotila was born as the only child of Artturi and Hilda (née Kantala) Ihamuotila, owners of the Hista manor house [fi] in Espoo. His father died young, and in 1932, at the age of only 21, Veikko Ihamuotila took over the running of the manor and its associated farm.
He studied agronomy, graduating with a degree in Agriculture and Forestry and qualifying as Agronomi in 1935.

## Career

After a brief spell in the academia, Ihamuotila worked for many years as a manager and board member in the civil engineering and agricultural construction company Pellonraivaus Oy and its successors, which over time merged with several other engineering businesses eventually to form today's YIT corporation.
In 1947, Ihamuotila was appointed to the board of the Finnish Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (Maa- ja metsätaloustuottajain Keskusliitto [fi], commonly known by its Finnish initialism 'MTK'), which he later chaired for over twenty years from 1954 to 1975. During his tenure, MTK gained influence and became a major force in Finnish politics and economic and regional policy-making.
Ihamuotila also held leadership positions at several agricultural and forestry companies and other organisations.
In the late 1960s he served as a board member and vice chairman of the International Federation of Agricultural Producers.
In 1975, Ihamuotila was appointed the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in the Liinamaa caretaker government, a position he held for approximately six months.

## Honours

In 1976, Ihamuotila was granted the honorary title of Ministeri by President Urho Kekkonen.
In 1977, he was conferred an Honorary Doctorate in Agriculture and Forestry.

## Family

Ihamuotila had four children. The eldest, Risto (b. 1938), is an academic who eventually became the Chancellor of the University of Helsinki. Another son, Jaakko (b. 1939), went into corporate life, serving for many years as the CEO of Valmet and Neste.
# Mount Bradley (Mount Jumbo)

Mount Bradley is a 3,337-foot (1,017 m) elevation mountain summit located on Douglas Island in the Alexander Archipelago, in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is the third-highest peak on the island, and is situated 4 mi (6 km) south of Juneau, on land managed by Tongass National Forest. Although modest in elevation, relief is significant since the peak rises up from tidewater of Gastineau Channel in approximately two miles. Its nearest higher neighbor is Mount Ben Stewart, 5.6 mi (9 km) to the northwest.

## History

This geographic feature's name was originally published as "Jumbo Mountain" by U.S. Geological Survey in 1904, likely from the Jumbo Mine at its base. Mount Jumbo is another variant name still in common use. It was officially renamed Mount Bradley in 1939 in honor of Frederick Worthen Bradley (1863–1933), world-famous mining engineer. He was president of the American Mining Institute, and in 1931 was awarded the Saunder Gold Medal for outstanding achievement in mining. He was instrumental in developing the quartz mining areas of Gastineau Channel including the Treadwell gold mine and Alaska Juneau Mine, and contributed toward the development of the communities of Juneau and Douglas. This geographic feature's name was officially adopted in 1939 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Bradley has a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Coast Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Juneau Icefield to the mountain's northeast. The month of July offers the most favorable weather for viewing and climbing Mount Bradley.

## Gallery

* Mount Bradley (aka Jumbo) and Douglas Island seen from Juneau
* F. W. Bradley
# Twila Grosse

Twila Rose Grosse (born 1961 or 1962) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2023 Preston provincial by-election. She is the first Black Canadian member of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia caucus.

## Early life and education

Grosse grew up in Cherry Brook, Nova Scotia and graduated from Mount Saint Vincent University in 1983.

## Career

Grosse worked at the Halifax Stanfield International Airport for 36 years until her retirement in 2020, having worked as Budget Analyst, Business Planning Manager and Accountant.
She was re-elected in the 2024 Nova Scotia general election.

## Electoral record

vte2024 Nova Scotia general election: Preston :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive Conservative | Twila Grosse | 2,056 | 51.3% |
| | New Democratic | C.C. Simmonds | 1,177 | 29.4% |
| | Liberal | Carlo Simmons | 709 | 17.7% |
| | Green | Andre Anderson | 66 | 1.6% |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,008 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | |
| | Progressive Conservative hold | Progressive Conservative hold | Swing | Swing |
| Source: Elections Nova Scotia |||||||
Nova Scotia provincial by-election, August 8, 2023 Resignation of Angela Simmonds :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures |
| | Progressive Conservative | Twila Grosse | 1,950 | 45.22 | +16.53 | $49,241.83 |
| | New Democratic | Colter Simmonds | 1,145 | 26.55 | -1.37 | $70,390.30 |
| | Liberal | Carlo Simmons | 1,021 | 23.68 | -19.71 | $46,215.10 |
| | Green | Anthony Edmonds | 101 | 2.34 | – | $930.16 |
| | Nova Scotians United | Bobby Taylor | 95 | 2.20 | – | $5,782.79 |
| Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | Total valid votes/Expense limit | 4,312 | 99.29 | – | $76,489.21 |
| Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | Total rejected ballots | 31 | 0.71 | -0.08 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,343 | 38.79 | -7.56 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 11,195 |
| | Progressive Conservative gain from Liberal | Progressive Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | Swing | +18.12 |
| Source: Elections Nova Scotia |||||||
# William Reuben Thomas

William Reuben Thomas (May 24, 1866 - September 10, 1943) was a politician and businessman from Gainesville, Florida.

## Background

Thomas was a native of Gainesville, Florida. After graduating college he became a teacher at the East Florida Seminary. There he gained the title Major which he retained throughout his life.

## Political leadership

Major Thomas represented Alachua County for four years in the Florida Senate. He served as Senate President in 1895 and Senate President Pro Tempore in 1897. Following his state legislative service, Thomas served six terms as Gainesville's mayor from 1901 through 1907. As Mayor, he ushered in the city's first paved streets, sidewalks, sewers, and electric lights. Out of office, Thomas also provided political leadership. When, in 1923, Gainesville's then mayor and police chief condoned criminal activity by the Ku Klux Klan, Thomas wrote an editorial calling for both men to resign. Compared to other cities, Gainesville was relatively immune to Klan incited violence. Contemporary commentators have attributed this to Major Thomas’ willingness to publicly stand against those who supported the Klan.

## Business

Thomas was an active businessman owning banks and hardware, livery and stable, and grocery businesses. Thomas also owned two hotels. The White House Hotel was a hostelry, or home for travelers, that Thomas opened in 1909. The Hotel Thomas provided more luxurious accommodations to tourists. Thomas sold $160,000 worth of bonds to raise money to convert his private residence in northeast Gainesville into the Hotel Thomas in 1926. The renovation included consolidation of six city blocks. Today the City of Gainesville owns the building which is now named the William Reuben Thomas Center, and which houses city offices, event space, and cultural and historical exhibits.

## University of Florida

Major Thomas’ most lasting accomplishment was securing Gainesville as the home of the University of Florida. During the summer of 1905, Florida Governor Napoleon B. Broward established a board to consolidate the state's education system under a single regulatory body and to establish a single university for white males. Mayor Thomas led the campaign to locate this university in Gainesville. Thomas personally donated 517 acres (2.09 km$^2$) of land to entice the state to choose Gainesville. He succeeded and Thomas Hall, one of the first two buildings constructed at the University of Florida, is named in Major Thomas’ honor.
# George Herbert Babb

George Herbert Babb (January 8, 1864 – December 4, 1950), of Sebago, Maine, was a member of the Maine Legislature. He served in the Maine House of Representatives in the 1917–1918 term. He served in the Maine Senate in the 1919–1920 and 1921–1922 terms.
# Battle of Sierra Bullones

The Battle of Sierra de Bullones was the first big battle between Spain and Morocco during the Hispano-Moroccan War.

## Battle

The battle was fought on December 9, 1859 when the Moroccan forces of Abbas bin Abd al-Rahman attacked the Spanish positions. The general Juan Zavala de la Puente, commander of the 2th Spanish division, went to the aid of the Spanish positions and managed to repel the attackers.

## Aftermath

The Moroccan army fled in the direction of Castillejos, where a battle would also take place. His distinguished action earned him the title of marquis of Sierra Bullones. Also notable was the Barcelona-born soldier Enrique Bargés Pombo, who received the 1st class Laureate Cross of San Fernando.
# Penance (2020 TV series)

Penance is a three-episode drama film first broadcast by Britain's free-to-air Channel 5.

## Cast

* Julie Graham as Rosalie Douglas
* Neil Morrissey as Luke Douglas
* Tallulah Greive as Maddie Douglas
* Art Malik as Father Tom Hayes
* Nico Mirallegro as Jed Cousins
* Wanda Ventham as Fay Douglas

## Plot summary

Rosalie and Luke are a well-to-do estranged couple whose son was found dead in Thailand. They are introduced to Jed, whose parents died in an auto accident, and are sympathetic. Jed inveigles his way into the household as a gardener, then takes over the son's bedroom. She becomes infatuated and eventually succumbs to his advances. She discovers he is a thief and responsible for her son's death. She lures him to a remote location where, after a scuffle involving her husband, she stabs him with a kitchen knife.

## Home media

Penance has been released on DVD by Acorn DVD and distributed by Madman Entertainment.

## Reception

* Rotten Tomatoes gave the series a 71% rating, indicating general approval. O'Riordan's writing and Graham's acting were praised.
# James C. C. Black

James Conquest Cross Black (May 9, 1842 – October 1, 1928) was a nineteenth-century politician and lawyer from Kentucky and Georgia.

## Early life

Born in Stamping Ground, Kentucky, Black attended common schools as a child, attended high school in New Castle, Kentucky and graduated from Georgetown College in 1862.
During the Civil War, he enlisted as a private in Company A of the 9th Kentucky Cavalry in the Confederate Army.
After the close of the war, Black moved to Augusta, Georgia in 1865, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1866, commencing practice in Augusta.

## Career

He was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1873 to 1877, served as president of the Augusta Orphan Asylum from 1879 to 1886, was a member of the Augusta city council and was Augusta city attorney.
Black was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1892, defeating incumbent Populist Tom Watson. Black and Watson faced off again in the election of 1894. Black was declared the winner of the election but Watson charged that the vote was fraudulent. Black agreed to resign his seat just after the opening of the 54th Congress so that a new election could be held. In the October 1895 special election, Black prevailed over Watson again, and thus took his seat back to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation. He served in the House until 1897, not being a candidate for renomination in 1896. Afterward, he resumed practicing law in Augusta, Georgia until his death.

## Death

Black died in Augusta on October 1, 1928. He was interred in Magnolia Cemetery in Augusta.
# The Georgia Thunderbolts

The Georgia Thunderbolts are an American rock band from Rome, Georgia. Formed in 2015, the band released their debut album Can We Get a Witness through Mascot Records in 2021.

## History

The band began with high school classmates Couzzourt and Perry before growing to include Everett. The group then began touring by opening up for artists such as Black Stone Cherry, The Kentucky Headhunters, and Blackberry Smoke. They're managed by Richard Young of the Headhunters. After a performance caught the attention of Mascot Label Group's North American President Ron Burman, the group was immediately signed to the label. The group released their self-titled debut EP in 2020, which was covered by Rolling Stone Magazine and Classic Rock Magazine. Shortly thereafter, the band's performance at Americanafest was chosen by Wide Open Country as one of the best moments of the festival.
Their debut album Can We Get A Witness was released on October 15, 2021, through Mascot Records. No Depression wrote favorably about the project, calling it "a good one from some up-and-coming good ol' boys looking for a sweet home of their own." The single "Be Good To Yourself" was selected by both Rolling Stone Magazine and Classic Rock Magazine as one of the best songs of the week. To support the album, they opened for Black Stone Cherry on their fall US tour, and also performed a session for Paste Magazine.

## Discography

Albums
* Southern Rock from Rome (2019)
* Can We Get A Witness (2021)
* Rise Above it All (2024)
EPs
* The Georgia Thunderbolts (2020)
Singles
* "Lend A Hand"
* "Looking For A Friend"
* "Take It Slow"
* "Be Good To Yourself"
* "It's Alright"
* "Can I Get A Witness"
# M. Balfas

Muhammad Salim Balfas (25 December 1922 – 5 June 1975), better known as M. Balfas, was an Indonesian writer and literary critic.

## Biography

Balfas was born in Krukut, Batavia (now Jakarta), Dutch East Indies, on 25 December 1922. He came from an ethnic Betawi family of Arab descent. Little is known about his early life, except that he graduated from a Dutch-run high school (MULO) in 1940.
Balfas began his writing career in the 1940s. His first short stories were published in Asia Raja, the official newspaper of the Japanese occupation government, in 1943. He later began contributing poems, stories, and essays to the Indonesian-run magazine Pembaroean. During the Indonesian National Revolution, Balfas found employment as a reporter. He also headed the magazine Masyarakat.
In 1952 Balfas released Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo, a biography of the resistance leader of the same name; it was published by Djambatan as part of series of biographies of revolutionary leaders. That same year he released Lingkaran-Lingkaran Retak (Cracked Circles), a collection of five short stories, led by "Anak Revolusi" ("Child of the Revolution"). In 1953, with Sudjati S.A., he established the magazine Kisah, which exclusively published short stories. He continued as one of the magazine's editors, with HB Jassin and Idrus, until it stopped printing in 1956.
In 1956 Balfas published the children's story Suling Emas (The Golden Flute). The following year he wrote an adult-oriented radio drama, Tamu Malam (Nighttime Guest). In 1960 he published another children's story, Anak-Anak Kampung Jambu (Children of Jambu Village). In 1961, he helped Jassin establish the magazine Sastra; the following year he moved to Malaysia.
From 1962 to 1967 Balfas worked at Voice of Malaysia. While living in Malaysia he published his only novel, Retak: Lahirnya Sebuah Mythe (Cracked: The Birth of a Myth); it was originally entitled Aku Bukan Nabi (I am Not a Prophet).
In 1968, Balfas, dissatisfied with life in Malaysia, moved to Australia to teach at the University of Sydney. In 1975 he took a year's leave to research the history of Indonesian literature. Balfas died in Jakarta on 5 June 1975 after being hospitalised for a fit of asthma. He was buried in Karet Bivak Cemetery. He left behind an unfinished manuscript entitled Si Gomar; Dutch scholar of Indonesian literature A. Teeuw describes the work as Balfas' most interesting.

## Themes

Lingkaran-Lingkaran Retak dealt with underprivileged groups, while Retak dealt with humanism and sacrifices for one's ideology. For this, Teeuw classifies Balfas as part of the '45 Generation of Indonesian literature. Jassin wrote that "Anak Revolusi", which he considered to "create its own universe", showcased the basic ideology and world-view Balfas used in his other works. This included a belief that life was full of unexpected events, as opposed to everyone having a predetermined destiny.
# Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District

Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District (Persian: دهستان اسماعیلیه شمالی) is in Esmailiyeh District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Khobeyneh-ye Sofla. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Safheh-ye Yek.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the rural district's population (as Esmailiyeh Rural District of the Central District) was 48,235 in 8,615 households. There were 33,933 inhabitants in 7,632 households at the following census of 2011. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 10,081 in 2,694 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the establishment of Esmailiyeh District and renamed Esmailiyeh-ye Shomali Rural District. The most populous of its 45 villages was Am Altamir, with 5,004 people.
# The George Inn, Southwark

The George Inn, or The George, is a public house established in the medieval period on Borough High Street in Southwark, London, owned and leased by the National Trust. It is located about 250 metres (820 ft) from the south side of the River Thames near London Bridge and is the only surviving galleried London coaching inn.

## History

The pub was formerly known as the George and Dragon, named after the legend of Saint George and the Dragon. It is possible that it was used for Elizabethan theatrical productions (Inn-yard theatre), as other galleried inns were.
A pub has existed on the site since medieval times. In 1677, it was rebuilt after a serious fire destroyed most of Southwark. The medieval pub was situated next door to The Tabard Inn where Chaucer set the beginning of The Canterbury Tales.
Later, the Great Northern Railway used the George as a depot and pulled down two of its fronts to build warehousing. Now just the south face remains.
Charles Dickens visited The George, and referred to it in both Little Dorrit and Our Mutual Friend.

## Description

The building is partly timber framed. The ground floor is divided into a number of connected bars. The Parliament Bar used to be a waiting room for passengers on coaches. The Middle Bar was the Coffee Room, which was frequented by Charles Dickens. The bedrooms, now a restaurant, were upstairs in the galleried part of the building.
It is the only surviving galleried coaching inn in London. The White Hart was immediately to the north but was demolished in the nineteenth century. Immediately to the south was The Tabard (which was described in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales); it too was demolished in the nineteenth century.
The building is listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England, and is listed in the Campaign for Real Ale's National Inventory of Historic Pub Interiors.

## Gallery

* The sign depicts Saint George slaying a dragon.
* Secondary sign, with another depiction of Saint George slaying the dragon.
* Inn, 1858
* Inn, 1889
* rear of Inn and coach yard, 1889
* tap room
* coffee-room
* first floor gallery
* bar parlour
* dining room
# Ben Preston

James Ben Preston (born 24 September 1963) is a British journalist. He is an executive editor of The Sunday Times and a former editor of the Radio Times.

## Early life

His father was Peter Preston, editor of The Guardian from 1975 to 1995, and his wife Jean Burrell; he has a brother and two sisters. Preston attended Alleyn's School in Dulwich, London. At the University of Bristol, he studied politics. He gained an MA in journalism from London's City University.

## Career

He began his career in 1987, working on local newspapers (Bristol Evening Post). He worked later for the Press Association as education correspondent before joining The Times. He was The Times deputy editor from 2000 to 2008 and Acting Editor for nine months. Subsequently, he was Executive Editor at The Independent from 2008.
On 17 June 2009, it was announced that he had been appointed as Editor of Radio Times. He was awarded Editors' Editor in the 2016 BSME awards. He remained at the Radio Times until early 2017. In March 2017, it was announced that he had been appointed as an Executive Editor of The Sunday Times.

## Personal life

Preston is married to The Times columnist Janice Turner. He is a cyclist and a Millwall supporter. He lives in Camberwell, and has two sons.