OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stephen Prentice Yeomans

Stephen Prentice Yeomans (January 23, 1822 – September 8, 1903) was an American physician and politician. He moved from New York to Iowa as a teenager, received his medical education in Illinois, and served in the Iowa House of Representatives and the American Indian Wars.

## Early life

Yeomans was born on January 23, 1822, in German Flatts, New York, raised on the family farm, and educated in public schools. In 1837, when Yeomans was fifteen, he and his family moved to Henry County in the Iowa District of Wisconsin Territory, which became Iowa Territory the following year. For the first three years of his life in Mount Pleasant, Yeomans taught school during the winter months, and did farm work in the summer. Aged 20, he began studying medicine and graduated from Rush Medical College in 1854. Yeomans immediately returned to Henry County to practice medicine, then moved to Lucas County, and served as physician of Agency City and Sheridan.

## Public service career

Yeomans served a single term on the Iowa House of Representatives from December 4, 1854, to November 30, 1856, holding the District 32 seat as a Democrat. At the time, the district included the counties of Clarke, Lucas, Wayne and Decatur. In 1858, James Buchanan appointed Yeomans the register of the United States General Land Office at Sioux City, where he remained for six years. During the American Civil War and American Indian Wars, Yeomans served as a Union Army assistant surgeon with the 7th Iowa Cavalry Regiment from 1863 to 1866.
Following the end of his military service, Yeomans relocated to Clinton, where he resumed the private practice of medicine. In 1871, he enrolled at the Hahnemann Medical College in Chicago, and subsequently moved to Charles City in 1879. Yeomans also served on the local branch of the Bureau of Pensions in Osage and Charles City, and was a trustee of the Iowa State Agricultural College for six years.
Yeomans died at the Soldiers’ Home in Marshalltown on September 8, 1903.
# Valascia

Valascia was an indoor sporting arena located in Ambrì, Switzerland. The capacity of the arena was 6,500 and was built in 1959. It served as the home arena of the HC Ambri-Piotta ice hockey team of the National League (NL) from 1959 to 2021.
Even when the rink was being covered with a roof in 1979, the ends of the arena stayed open, making hockey being played there partially outdoor with low temperatures in the arena.
The team moved to the nearby newly built arena for the 2021/22 season. Valascia has been destroyed and renatured in summer 2022 as it was located in a potential avalanche path. Renovation wasn't possible as it would bring the total capacity below the required 6,000 to compete in the National League and the arena would still face danger from potential avalanches.

## History

Originally, Ambri-Piotta played since 1937 on the Pista di Cava and later moved to Valascia where in 1959, artificial ice production was introduced.
Construction for the new arena was scheduled to begin in July 2017 before being postponed to a later date. On August 30, 2018, HC Ambri-Piotta announced that construction for the new Valascia is set to begin in October 2018 and should be ready to open by 2021. After multiple delays, construction officially began in April 2019, with completion due for the start of the 2021/22 season.
On April 5, 2021, Ambri-Piotta played its final game in the Valascia, a 2–3 loss to HC Fribourg-Gottéron, behind closed doors because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Ctenotus angusticeps

Ctenotus angusticeps, the northwestern coastal ctenotus, little leopard ctenotus, or Airlie Island ctenuous, is a species of skink found in Western Australia.
# Pożyczki

Pożyczki is a village in Gmina Miastko, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south-west of Bytów and 63 km (39 mi) south-west of Gdańsk (capital city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship).
From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Słupsk Voivodeship.
# Neo Mothiba

Neo Kgalabi Mothiba (born 21 March 1982) is a South African basketball player who currently plays with MBB of the Basketball National League (BNL).
He is also a member of the South Africa national team and appeared with the club at the 2005, 2007 and 2009 African Championships as well as the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
# McMeeking

McMeeking is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David McMeeking (1896–1976), New Zealand rugby union player
* David McMeeking (cricketer) (1937–2013), South African cricketer
* Robert McMeeking (born 1950), Scottish-born American engineer
* Sacha McMeeking, New Zealand academic, lawyer, activist and strategic consultant
# Lee Lai

Lee Lai (born 1993) is a transgender, Asian-Australian cartoonist who presently lives in Canada. In 2021, the National Book Foundation named her an honoree of their 5 Under 35 award for her debut graphic novel, Stone Fruit. The following year, Stone Fruit won the Lambda Literary Award for Graphic Novel/Comics, and was a finalist for the Barbara Gittings Literature Award and Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Graphic Novel/Comics.

## Biography

Lai was born in 1993 in Melbourne and has a sister, with whom she is close. She presently lives in Montreal.
Lai became interested in comics because of mild dyslexia, which made reading traditional novels difficult. Her short story comics have been published in The New Yorker, The Lifted Brow, Room Magazine, and Everyday Feminism.
Lai is transgender and homosexual.

## Awards and honours

| Year | Title | Award | Result |
| 2020 | Heartwood | Prism Award for Anthology | Winner |
| 2021 | Stone Fruit | American Library Association's Best Graphic Novels for Adults | Top 10 |
| 2021 | Stone Fruit | National Book Foundation's "5 Under 35" Award | Honoree |
| 2022 | Stone Fruit | Barbara Gittings Literature Award | Honor |
| 2022 | Stone Fruit | Cartoonist Studio Prize | Winner |
| 2022 | Stone Fruit | Doug Wright Award for Best Book | Finalist |
| 2022 | Stone Fruit | Lambda Literary Award for Graphic Novel/Comics | Finalist |
| 2022 | Stone Fruit | Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Graphic Novel/Comics | Finalist |
| 2022 | Stone Fruit | American Library Association's Over the Rainbow Book List | Top 10 |
| 2022 | Stone Fruit | Stella Prize | Shortlist |

## Publications

* Stone Fruit (2021)

### Contributions

* Heartwood: Non-binary Tales of Sylvan Fantasy, edited by Joamette Gil (2019)
* McSweeney's #62: The Queer Fiction Issue, edited by Patrick Cottrell, Dave Eggers (Editor), and Claire Boyle (Editor) (2020)

### Illustrations

* A Head-Heart Start For Life: Creative Mindful Discoveries for Young Children, written by Janet Etty-Leal (2019)
# Maes–Garreau law

The Maes–Garreau law is the statement that "most favorable predictions about future technology will fall within the Maes–Garreau point", defined as "the latest possible date a prediction can come true and still remain in the lifetime of the person making it". Specifically, it relates to predictions of a technological singularity or other radical future technologies.
It has been referred to as a "law of human nature", although Kelly's evidence is anecdotal.

## Origin

Kevin Kelly, editor of Wired magazine, created the law in 2007 after being influenced by Pattie Maes at MIT and Joel Garreau (author of Radical Evolution).
In 1993, Maes listed a number of her colleagues at MIT that had publicly predicted mind uploading (the replication of a human brain on a computer), and noted that the innovations were generally slated to occur approximately 70 years after the birth of the predictor. As quoted by her colleague Rodney Brooks:
   She took as many people as she could find who had publicly predicted downloading of consciousness into silicon, and plotted the dates of their predictions, along with when they themselves would turn seventy years old. Not too surprisingly, the years matched up for each of them. Three score and ten years from their individual births, technology would be ripe for them to download their consciousnesses into a computer. Just in the nick of time! They were each, in their own minds, going to be remarkably lucky, to be in just the right place at the right time.

## Failed attempts to verify Maes-Garreau

The Machine Intelligence Research Institute released a paper detailing a much larger set of 95 AI predictions extracted from a database of 257 AI predictions, which finds a broad array of estimates significantly before and after a predictor's estimated longevity, thus contradicting the law. MIRI states a stronger rule as being "Maes-Garreau": "the predictor expects AI to be developed at the exact end of their life."
# Mike Crane

Mike Crane (born April 8, 1963) is a former Republican member of the Georgia State Senate from the 28th District. Prior to his election to the state senate, Crane was the Republican nominee for the U.S. House of Representatives in Georgia's 13th congressional district in 2010.

## Political career

Mike Crane challenged David Scott, the Democratic incumbent congressman from the Georgia-13th, in 2010, but lost the race. In October 2011, State Senator Mitch Seabaugh resigned from the Georgia State Senate and a special election was called, which Crane won. Crane was re-elected in 2012 and 2014.
On January 20, 2016, Crane announced his candidacy for Congress in Georgia's 3rd congressional district to replace the retiring Lynn Westmoreland. He lost the primary runoff election to Drew Ferguson.
Crane served as Chairman of the Third District Republican Party from 2017–24 and in 2024 announced his candidacy for Congress after Ferguson retired. Crane has been endorsed by Ted Cruz, Kris Kobach and Tom Tancredo.
# Przejazdowo

Przejazdowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pruszcz Gdański, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Pruszcz Gdański and 9 km (6 mi) south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Przeradz, Pomeranian Voivodeship

Przeradz (German: Heinrichsdorf) is a village in Gmina Miastko, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, on the border with West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south-west of Bytów and 74 km (46 mi) south-west of Gdańsk (capital city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship).
From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Słupsk Voivodeship.
# Przerębska Huta, Starogard County

Przerębska Huta is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skarszewy, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Skarszewy, 17 km (11 mi) north-west of Starogard Gdański, and 34 km (21 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Przewóz, Bytów County

Przewóz is a village in Gmina Studzienice, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Bytów and 78 km (48 mi) south-west of Gdańsk (capital city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship).
From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Słupsk Voivodeship.
# Foxpine Aerodrome

Foxpine Aerodrome (ICAO NZFP) is a small aerodrome located northwest and on the border of Foxton, New Zealand. The aerodrome has one grass runway with headings 09/27 and a length of about 954 m (3,130 ft).
The aerodrome is situated on almost 12 ha (30 acres) of land and is privately owned. The aerodrome was established in 1977 by Noel Oxnam, the owner of a family timber mill at Foxton. In 1978 he obtained an air service licence, under the name, Foxpine Air Charter, to operate an air charter and air taxi service from Foxton. In May 1986 the company commenced a scheduled service between Palmerston North and Wellington, the air service proved unviable and ceased operations twelve months later in May 1987.
The aerodrome is owned by Foxpine Airfield Ltd, which the majority shareholders are Keven Roberts and John Whitehead.

## Accidents

On April 5, 2013 a Piper Cherokee over ran the runway. The crash was caused by an engine failure while doing touch and gos.
# Pihanga

Pihanga is a 1,326 metres (4,350 ft) andesitic volcanic peak in the North Island Volcanic Plateau, located to the north of Mount Tongariro, between Tongariro and Lake Taupō. The nearest town to Pihanga is Tūrangi.
Lake Rotoaira lies to the south-west of Pihanga, and the smaller Lake Rotopounamu is situated on the south-western flank of the volcano, near Te Ponanga Saddle. Across the saddle to the west is the volcanic peak of Tihia.
Pihanga and Lake Rotopounamu are part of the 5,129ha Pihanga Scenic Reserve, which in 1975 was added to the Tongariro National Park.
Pihanga appears to have a large crater, but this is in fact the result of erosion, and the "crater" quickly narrows into a steep gorge.

## Geology

Eruptions from Pihanga last occurred more than 20,000 years ago. An age of 123 ± 10 ka has been challenged and potentially redating suggests first formation greater than 180,000 years ago.$^{:13,284}$ The more recent eruptions are consistent with the north-north-east to south-south-west alignment of the present southern Taupō Volcanic Zone rifting. Just to the east is the Poutu Fault Zone.

## Biology

Its slopes are covered in native bush and currently part of a major nature conservation project.

## Māori mythology

In Māori mythology, Pīhanga was the female mountain whom Taranaki and Tongariro fought over, at a time when Taranaki was also located among the central North Island mountains. Tongariro's victory resulted in Taranaki's banishment to the west coast, with his movement creating features such as the Whanganui and Pātea Rivers, and the Ngaere swamp.

## The Keepers of the Wai

In Māori custom, the Pihanga Maunga became the responsibility of the Matapuna people (a mix of Tuwharetoa, Tama Kopiri/Upper Whanganui whanau/Tu Hope - Descendants of Te Rere Ao, the First of Tuwharetoa) of the Tuwharetoa people, who have traditionally been the keepers of the wai (Keepers of the Water) and Maunga Kaitiaki (Protectors of the Mountain). The Pihanga mountain was an important water resource for the whole of the Tuwharetoa, Tainui, Whanganui and some parts of the East Coast rohe, are all catchments of this water source.
Some members of the chieftain line of the Matapuna people, who held mana, were given the honor of being buried on the mountain. One such chief, Pakau, interred his son, who was killed in battle, in one of the burial caves. Pakau was known to have mourned for many months over the death of his son.
# Sindh Premier League

Sindh Premier League (Sindhi: سنڌ پريميئر ليگ‎; Urdu: سندھ پریمیئر لیگ; abbreviated as SPL) is a professional Twenty20 league contested by six teams representing six cities of Sindh province. It was launched in 2023.

## History
### Establishment

In June 2022, Syed Nasir Hussain Shah, the provincial minister of local government in an effort to promote and develop cricket in Sindh, announced that there would be a domestic cricket team for Sindh soon inspired by the Kashmiri counterpart. and soon in March of the next year, a launching ceremony was held in auditorium of Sindh Assembly and the guests included Shahid Afridi and Abdul Razzaq. The first season of the league will be played in Karachi. In the same month of march the league was officially launched and finalized, The launch ceremony was inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Sindh in Karachi and attended by dignitaries from professions, including the provincial ministers Sharjeel Inam Memon and Saeed Ghani, Advisor Law Barrister Murtaza Wahab, and former captain of Pakistan cricket team Sarfraz Ahmed and various others. Former Pakistani cricketer Shahid Afridi announced to be its first brand ambassador.
The league is said to commence from September 19 of 2023.

## Teams

There were originally seven teams consisting the league.
| Team | City | Founded |
| Karachi Ghazis | Karachi | 2023 |
| Hyderabad Bahadurs | Hyderabad | 2023 |
| Sukkur Patriots | Sukkur | 2023 |
| Larkana Challengers | Larkana | 2023 |
| Benazirabad Lals | Benazirabad | 2023 |
| Mirpurkhaas Tigers | Mirpurkhas | 2023 |
| Khairpur Royals$_{(squadnotannounced)}$ | Khairpur | 2023 |

## Broadcasting

The league is set to be broadcast on its official YouTube channel.

## Criticism

The league came under severe criticism for not having sufficient presence of Sindhi players. Several journalists noted that the league was intended to promote Sindhi players but majority of the team squads did not have any Sindhi players. A journalist also pointed out that Mirpurkhaas Tigers did not have a single player that belonged to the city of Mirpurkhaas.
# Kim Jong-suk (politician)

Kim Jong-suk (born 1930) is a North Korean government official. She is the chairwoman of the Committee for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, as well as a former editor-in-chief for the newspaper Minju Choson. She has also been elected as a delegate for every Supreme People's Assembly since 1986.

## Life

Kim Jong-suk was born in 1930 in Pyongyang, Imperial Korea. In May 1954, she was appointed Deputy Director of the Central Committee of the North Korean Democratic Youth Alliance, later becoming vice chairman in October 1959. In May 1964, she became vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Socialist Workers' Youth Alliance and, in February 1965, of the Joseon Student Committee. In December of the following year, she was appointed vice chairman of the North-Latin American Friendship Association. In February 1969, Jong-suk started serving as vice chairman of the North-Cuba Solidarity Committee before serving as vice chairman of the Central Inspection Committee of the Korean Trade Union in December 1971. She was elected to the 7th Supreme People's Assembly in 1982, later becoming the editor-in-chief of Minju Choson in March 1986. During November of the same year, she was elected to the 8th Supreme People's Assembly.
In an unknown year, Jong-suk was appointed Chairman of the Korean Committee for Solidarity with Peoples of the World. In March 1988, Jong-suk was by-elected as a candidate for the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and served as Chairman of the North-Finland Friendship Association nine months later. In December 1993, she was elected to the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly. In September 2010, she was elected to the Party Central Committee. Jong-suk was one of the delegates to the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Supreme People's Assemblies, as well as the chairman of the Joseon Foreign Cultural Liaison Committee in December 2009.
In April 2011, she became vice chairman of the North Korea Preparatory Committee commemorating the 100th birthday of Kim Il Sung. Jong-suk was also part of Jo Myong-rok's National Funeral Committee on November 11, 2010, as well as the Kim Jong-il State Funeral Committee on December 19, 2011.
In 2017, Jong-suk was appointed to the Diplomatic Commission of the Supreme People's Assembly, and during the 5th session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly held on April 11, 2017, she was elected as a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee, which had been revived after 19 years. She was later appointed chairman of the North Korean side's preparatory committee for the Paektu Mountain Great Figures Celebration in honor of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, which was held on August 15 of the same year. She was re-elected as a delegate in the 14th Supreme People's Assembly delegate election, which was held on March 10, 2019, and was later elected as a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly at the first session of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly held on April 11.

## Awards and honors

* April 1992: Awarded the Kim Il Sung Medal
* February 2012: Awarded the Kim Jong Il Medal
# Wheat (disambiguation)

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.
Wheat may also refer to:
* Wheat (surname)
* Wheat (band), indie rock band
* Wheat (color), a color resembling the color of wheat grain
* Wheat, Tennessee, a former community, United States
* Wheat, West Virginia, an unincorporated community, United States
* Wheat (film), a Chinese movie
# Bravehearted

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Bravehearted is the debut studio album by the American duo the Bravehearts. A group consisting of Nas' brother Jungle and fellow friend Wiz.

## Commercial performance

The album did not sell well due to little promotion, it only came in at number 75 in the Billboard 200 Charts and 20 in the Hip Hop/R&B Charts. Besides Nas releasing an album off his Ill Will Records, Bravehearts were the only other label members to release a record off this label.

## Singles

The album had one single, "Quick to Back Down". The track was produced by Lil Jon and featured Nas and Lil Jon on the track. The chorus had Nas saying quick phrases in distaste for animosity towards anonymous rappers, followed by Lil Jon yelling "quick to back down!" The song was released in 2003, when the beef with Nas and Jay-Z was still brewing. Nas sent out a subliminal line to Jay-Z with the line "First of all this is Nas I'ma Braveheart veteran/and y'all already know who I'm better than." He also said "Who's the next label I'ma bury?/CEO's, rappers and A&R's go to the rap cemetery," which indirectly implies that of Roc-A-Fella. Overall, Nas as well as Wiz and Jungle rhyme with threatening messages, with "Y'all talk shit but I smell fear, mothafuckas" at the end of the verses.

## Subliminals

The album had 2 songs dissing Jay-Z, with “Quick to Back Down” and “Bravehearted” featuring Nas. Nas on “Quick to Back Down” he sent a few subliminal since the beef between him and Jay-Z was still brewing. He said “First of all this is Nas I'ma Braveheart veteran/and y'all already know who I'm better than." He also said "Who's the next label I'ma bury?/CEO's, rappers and A&R's go to the rap cemetery”.
But on “Bravehearted” in which that song also features Nas, Jungle (Nas’ brother) took shots at Jay-Z calling him a “bitch” and even said his name. It is apparently Jungle's response to Jay-Z dissing him, Nas and Jaz-O on Blueprint 2 that previous year. After that album, the beef died down and ended up reconciling in October 2005.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 75 |
| US Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums | 20 |