OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Skin Deep (1984 film)

Skin Deep is a 1984 Australian television film produced by PBL Productions for Channel 9. It was directed by Chris Langman and Mark Joffe and stars Briony Behets and Carmen Duncan and features an early appearance by Nicole Kidman.
Set in the fashion industry, it was one of the few Australian films to be set in this milieu and was an attempt to do an Australian Dallas or Dynasty.

## Plot

Barbara Kennedy is a successful business woman in the fashion and modelling industry. In the lead up to a fashion designers awards night, her boyfriend Cliff proposes to her. But then she realises that one of her own models is her illegitimate daughter, placed for adoption years earlier. She has a bitchy rival Vanessa. And a murderer is loose.

## Cast

* Briony Behets as Barbara Ramsay
* James Smillie as Cliff Hudson
* Bartholomew John as Ray Scott
* Maureen O'Shaughnessy as Jackie Sorensson
* Antoinette Byron as Christina Sorensson
* Carmen Duncan as Vanessa Corey
* Betty Lucas as Betty Kennedy
* David Reyne as Grant Johnson
* Jon Finlayson as Simpson Byrne
* Kate Fitzpatrick as Maggie Peters
* John O'May as Roger Crane
* John Ewart as Billy Harris
* Liz Harris as Emily Sorensson
* Bobby Limb as Compere / Self
* Nicole Kidman as Sheena Henderson
* Alyson Best as Nicki
* Kevin J. Wilson
# Edwin A. Colvin

Edwin A. Colvin (March 20, 1927 – January 26, 2015) was an American politician and building contractor.
Born in North Bennington, Vermont, Colvin served in the United States Army Air Forces. He worked at Stanley Tools in Shaftsbury, Vermont and was a building contractor. Colvin served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1972 to 1985 and was a Republican. Colvin died in Bennington, Vermont at the Vermont Veterans Home.
# Hale K. Darling

Hale Knight Darling (January 26, 1869 – September 18, 1940) was a Vermont attorney and politician who served as the state's 50th lieutenant governor from 1915 to 1917.

## Biography

Hale Knight Darling was born in Corinth, Vermont, on January 26, 1869. He was employed in Massachusetts by the Fitchburg Railroad and worked as a reporter on the Fitchburg Daily Sentinel before studying law at the University of North Carolina. He was admitted to the bar in 1894, and established a practice in Chelsea, Vermont.
A Republican, Darling was Orange County State's Attorney from 1896 to 1900, a member of the Vermont Board of Bar Examiners from 1901 to 1903, and Clerk of the Orange County Court from 1905 to 1921.
Darling served in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1904 to 1908. In 1905 he was appointed Chairman of the Vermont Library Commission, and from 1905 to 1907 he was a member of the Commission to revise Vermont's Statutes. He served in the Vermont Senate from 1912 to 1914.
In 1914 he was elected Lieutenant Governor and served from 1915 to 1917, also serving again as a member of the Commission to Revise Vermont's Statutes.
Darling served in the Vermont Senate again from 1919 to 1921. In 1937 he was Chairman of a commission that reviewed and recommended reforms of Vermont's court system.
Darling died in Chelsea on September 18, 1940. He was buried in Chelsea's Highland Cemetery.

## Family

In 1896, Darling married Maybelle Maud Hyde; they were the parents of four children who lived to adulthood.
# Emran Feroz

Emran Feroz (born 1991 in Innsbruck) is an Austrian-Afghan journalist and author.
Feroz' parents fled to Austria because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. He studied political science and Islamic studies at the University of Tübingen. He works as a freelance journalist for media such as Die Zeit, Die Tageszeitung, Al Jazeera and The New York Times. His focus are Afghanistan and drone strikes by the US. Feroz founded the virtual memorial site Drone Memorial for civilian victims of drone strikes, also because he lost own family due to drone strikes. In the course of the 2021 Taliban offensive and the removal of US troops from Afghanistan, he was interviewed as an expert by many German-speaking and international media, including CNN. His book Der längste Krieg ("The longest war"), which was published in 2021 during the time of the Taliban offensive, became a bestseller in Germany.
In 2021, he was awarded with the Concordia Award for human rights journalism for a report about an asylum seeker that he did for the Austrian magazine Profil.
In June 2024, in an interview with the Die Zeit newspaper, Feroz advocated to exempt potential deportations to Afghanistan.

## Works

* Tod per Knopfdruck. Das wahre Ausmaß des US-Drohnen-Terrors oder wie Mord zum Alltag werden konnte. Westend Verlag 2017.
* Kampf oder Untergang! Warum wir gegen die Herren der Menschheit aufstehen müssen. Noam Chomsky in conversation with Emran Feroz. Westend Verlag 2018.
* Der längste Krieg. 20 Jahre War on Terror. Westend Verlag 2021.
* Graveyard Empire. Four Decades of Western Wars in Afganistan. Interlink Publishing Group, Inc. 2024.
# Mansour bin Mutaib Al Saud

Mansour bin Mutaib Al Saud (Arabic: منصور بن متعب آل سعود; born 1952) is a Saudi Arabian politician and academic who served as the minister of municipal and rural affairs of Saudi Arabia from 2009 to 2015. He has been a Minister of State since 2015. He is a member of House of Saud, a grandson of Saudi's founder King Abdulaziz.

## Early life and education

Prince Mansour was born in 1952. He is the son of Prince Mutaib bin Abdulaziz and Noura bint Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Abdul Latif Al Sheikh. His father was a son of King Abdulaziz. His mother, Princess Noura, is a member of the powerful Al Sheikh family, which controls religious matters in Saudi Arabia.
Mansour bin Mutaib received all his higher education degrees from George Washington University: a bachelor of arts degree in business administration in 1976; a master of arts degree in 1979 and a PhD in public administration in 1986. His thesis has the title of Improvement in the productivity of public sector in the Kingdom.

## Career

Mansour bin Mutaib joined King Saud University as an assistant professor in 1987. Then, he served as the director of the research center in the College of Administrative Sciences from 1987 to 1988. He became associate professor at the Department of Public Administration in 1995. He is still a member of the College of Business Administration advisory council at King Saud University.
Prince Mansour was appointed chairman of the general commission for municipal elections in late 2004. However, although he was in charge of municipal elections, it was then-interior minister Prince Nayef who stated that women cannot vote and stand for office in the elections.
He served as the deputy minister of municipal and rural affairs from 2006 to 2009. He was appointed minister of municipal and rural affairs to the Saudi cabinet, replacing his father Mutaib bin Abdulaziz on 2 November 2009. His term ended on 29 January 2015 when he was appointed minister of state. He is also advisor to King Salman. Prince Mansour was renamed as the minister of state to the cabinet led by Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud on 27 September 2022.

## Views

After municipal council elections that were planned to be held in 2009 were postponed, Mansour bin Mutaib, then-deputy minister, indicated that recommendations for improving the municipal council system were the subject of a recent conference held in Ras Tanura, including women's right to vote in municipal council elections.

## Personal life

Prince Mansour is married to Ibtisam bint Yazid bin Abdullah Al Abdul Rahman. He has five children: Noura, Mohammed, Saud, Sara and Faisal.
# Park Railway Maltanka

The Park Railway Maltanka (Polish: Kolejka Parkowa Maltanka, sometimes abbreviated to Maltanka) is a 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow gauge railway located in Poznań. It is 3.85 kilometres (2.4 mi) long and is owned by Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne w Poznaniu Sp. z o.o. (English: Public Transport Company in Poznań Ltd.). The line connects Rondo Śródka (Śródka Roundabout) and New Zoo transporting max. 150.000 passengers annually (e.g. 2019 - 138.122 passengers; 2020 - "Covid year" with extremely low result - 73.502 passengers).

## History

The first 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow gauge railway, called the Harcerska Kolejka Dziecięca (English: Scout Children Railway) in Poznań, was built in 1956 and was operated by Polish Scouting Association (see Children's railway). This 1.5-kilometre (0.9 mi) long route connected Ogród Jordanowski and Łęgi Dębińskie (English: Dębina Meadow). During construction of Hetmańska Str, part of second road ring of Poznań, the authorities decide to move the railway to a new location where the line would not conflict with main communication arteries. The railway, now renamed Maltanka was re-opened on 21 July 1972 in Malta. Since then it has been operated by Public Transport Company. In 1998 its name was changed to Maltańska Kolej Dziecięca (English: Maltan Children's railway), and again in 2002 to its current name.
The name Maltanka comes from the Knights of Malta, who used to own the land and the old church nearby.
In 2013–2022 years the railway carried approximately between 120 and 140 thousand of passengers a year (in 2016: 142,700) and until 2016 it was the second most popular in Poland, then the third (after Seaside and Bieszczady railways).

## Stops

* Maltanka
* Ptyś
* Balbinka
* Przystań (planned)
* Zwierzyniec

## Rolling stock

* steam locomotive Bn2t 11458 "Borsig" built in 1925
* steam locomotive Tx26 423 built in 1926
* Diesel railcar MBxc1-41 "Ryjek" built in 1932
* Diesel locomotive WLs40-100 built in 1956
* Diesel locomotive WLs40-1225 built in 1961
* Diesel locomotive WLs50-1563 built in 1964
* passenger cars (#1, 2, 3, 4) built in 1956
* passenger cars (#5 and 8) built in 1972
* passenger cars (#6 and 7) built in 2010
# Guyim, Shiraz

Guyim (Persian: گويم, also Romanized as Gūyīm; also known as Gūyom and Gūyum) is a village in Derak Rural District, in the Central District of Shiraz County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 7,297, in 1,829 families.
# Allan G. Brodie

Allan Gibson Brodie (October 31, 1897 in New York City – January 2, 1976) was an American dentist and orthodonist.
An orthodontics teacher, writer, and researcher, Brodie served in a variety of professional positions, such as President of the Chicago Association of Orthodontics, served on advisory boards, achieved a number of professional awards, and was a member of the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO), where he established the Prize Essay Award to promote research.

## Education

After earning his DDS (Doctor of Dental Surgery) degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine in 1919, he began practicing dentistry in Newark, NJ, the next year. Brodie studied under Edward Angle, the "father of orthodontics," at the Angle School of Orthodontia in Pasadena, California, in 1925 and 1926, and matriculated in the school's final graduating class. Brodie, in turn, often referred to the Angles as his foster parents.
In 1923, he married Vera Elizabeth Smock. They had three children.

## Professional life

Brodie returned to practice in Newark, but in 1929 he was invited by Dean Frederick Bogue Noyes came to the University of Illinois College of Dentistry to organize its Department of Orthodontics—one of the first graduate orthodontics departments established in the United States. The Journal of the Charles H. Tweed International Foundation called Noyes' hiring of Brodie the beginning of "the golden age of orthodontics," and considered the department under Brodie "the West Point of orthodontics." The Journal also noted that the establishment of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Illinois College of Dentistry "marked the fulfillment of Dr. Edward Angle lifelong ambition—to provide a broader and more scientific foundation for the practitioners of his specialty." Brodie ran the department until 1966, and was Dean of the College from 1944 to 1956, while also maintaining a private practice.
Brodie received his MS (Master of Science) degree in anatomy and histology from the University in 1934, and his PhD in anatomy in 1940.
At the time of his death on January 2, 1976, Brodie was writing his own book on orthodontics. In 2004, The Dentofacial Complex (UIC College of Dentistry Press) was published after being completed by alumni, faculty, and staff of the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry.
# Patricia Chagnon

Patricia Chagnon (born 20 November 1963) is a French politician from the National Rally. She has been a member of the European parliament from July 2022 to July 2024.
Of Dutch origin, she has lived in France since the 1990s and speaks English and Dutch. During the period when the channel is authorized, she regularly speaks on RT France.
President of the Abbeville Tourist Office, she was sentenced in 2018 to a fine of 10,000 euros, including 8,000 suspended, as well as two years of ineligibility, for moral harassment of her director. She appealed and in 2021 the conviction was upheld but the ineligibility was canceled.
She has been an opposition municipal councilor for Abbeville and a community councilor for the Communauté d'agglomération de la Baie de Somme since 2014.
She was regional councillor for the Hauts-de-France region from 2015 to 2021.
Chagnon was a candidate in the 2019 European Parliament election in France. She was in 26th position on the list of the National Rally led by Jordan Bardella, which obtains 23 elected. She became a member of the European Parliament to replace her colleagues from the RN, elected members of parliament in 2022 French legislative election.
In the 2024 French legislative election, she was nominated by the RN to contest Saint Pierre and Miquelon's 1st constituency, despite not being from the territory. She travelled across the Atlantic to the archipelago to campaign.
# Haft Pareh

Haft Pareh (Persian: هفتپاره, also Romanized as Haft Pāreh) is a village in Shapur Rural District, in the Central District of Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 16 families.
# Hajiabad, Jahrom

Hajiabad (Persian: حاجی‌آباد) is a village in Qotbabad Rural District, Kordian District, Jahrom County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 103, in 30 families.
# Gökçekıran, Bartın

Gökçekıran is a village in the Bartın District, Bartın Province, Turkey. Its population is 661 (2021).
# Copeland Shelden

F. Copeland Shelden (1907 – December 19, 1977) was an American orthodontist who was a graduate of the Angle School of Orthodontia. He played in important part in forming the Charles H. Tweed Foundation for research.

## Life

He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. His father was Frank Shelden, who was also an orthodontist and a graduate of the Angle School of Orthodontia. He attended Wentworth Military Academy and College followed by education at the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Dentistry. He obtained his dental degree in 1931. He attended the Angle School of Orthodontia in Pasadena, California, before attending dental school.
He was a previous president of the Midwestern component of the Edward H. Angle Society and Charles H. Tweed Foundation. He was also a diplomate of the American Board of Orthodontics. During his life he served on the faculty of dental school departments at the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Washington University School of Dental Medicine, and University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry. He also served on the board of directors of the Western Golf Association and played an important role in founding the Evans Scholars Foundation Chapter at the University of Missouri in 1967 and the University of Kansas in 1975.
# Tony Sumpter

Anthony B. Sumpter (September 13, 1922 – December 9, 2017) was an American football guard who played two seasons with the Chicago Rockets. He played college football at Cameron University, having previously attended Lawton High School in Lawton, Oklahoma.
# Hajjiabad, Qir and Karzin

Hajjiabad (Persian: حاجي اباد, also Romanized as Ḩājjīābād and Ḩājīābād) is a village in Hangam Rural District, in the Central District of Qir and Karzin County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 6 families.
# Hakim Bashi-ye Hoseynabad

Hakim Bashi-ye Hoseynabad (Persian: حكيم باشي حسين اباد, also Romanized as Ḩakīm Bāshī-ye Ḩoseynābād) is a village in Anarestan Rural District, Chenar Shahijan District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 723, in 159 families.
# Emil Glöckner

Emil Gustav Adolf Glöckner (10 April 1868 in Dresden – after 1921) was a German painter in oils and watercolours, and a commercial artist. He painted mythological pictures, portraits, and landscapes.

## Gallery

* The Naiad, c. 1900
* [Female nude], 1910
* Female nude, c. 1910
* Portrait of a seated lady in a velvet dress, c. 1910
* Large bouquet of dahlias, c. 1910
# Hamidabad, Pasargad

Hamidabad (Persian: حميداباد, also Romanized as Ḩamīdābād) is a village in Sarpaniran Rural District, in the Central District of Pasargad County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 21, in 6 families.
# Harar-e Kalgah-e Shiraz

Harar-e Kalgah-e Shiraz (Persian: حراركلگاه شيراز, also Romanized as Ḩarār-e Kalgāh-e Shīrāz; also known as Ḩarāreh Kalgāh-e Shīrāz) is a village in Bakesh-e Yek Rural District, in the Central District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22, in 7 families.
# Argelès-Gazost

Argelès-Gazost (French pronunciation: ; Occitan: Argelèrs de Gasòst) is a commune and a subprefecture of the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France.
The Pyrénées Animal Park is located in Argelès-Gazost.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 775 | — |
| 1800 | 713 | −1.18% |
| 1806 | 831 | +2.59% |
| 1821 | 878 | +0.37% |
| 1831 | 1,357 | +4.45% |
| 1836 | 1,420 | +0.91% |
| 1841 | 1,589 | +2.27% |
| 1846 | 1,684 | +1.17% |
| 1851 | 1,662 | −0.26% |
| 1856 | 1,684 | +0.26% |
| 1861 | 1,686 | +0.02% |
| 1866 | 1,698 | +0.14% |
| 1872 | 1,658 | −0.40% |
| 1876 | 1,743 | +1.26% |
| 1881 | 1,808 | +0.73% |
| 1886 | 1,894 | +0.93% |
| 1891 | 1,733 | −1.76% |
| 1896 | 1,882 | +1.66% |
| 1901 | 1,836 | −0.49% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1906 | 1,737 | −1.10% |
| 1911 | 1,739 | +0.02% |
| 1921 | 1,632 | −0.63% |
| 1926 | 1,669 | +0.45% |
| 1931 | 1,719 | +0.59% |
| 1936 | 2,019 | +3.27% |
| 1946 | 2,317 | +1.39% |
| 1954 | 2,556 | +1.23% |
| 1962 | 3,414 | +3.68% |
| 1968 | 3,629 | +1.02% |
| 1975 | 3,455 | −0.70% |
| 1982 | 3,304 | −0.64% |
| 1990 | 3,229 | −0.29% |
| 1999 | 3,241 | +0.04% |
| 2007 | 3,255 | +0.05% |
| 2012 | 3,069 | −1.17% |
| 2017 | 2,901 | −1.12% |
| 2019 | 2,911 | +0.17% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Climate

Climate data for Argelès-Gazost (Ayros-Arbouix), elevation 478 m (1,568 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1982–present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) | 26.4 (79.5) | 27.5 (81.5) | 33.0 (91.4) | 34.3 (93.7) | 39.6 (103.3) | 40.0 (104.0) | 41.5 (106.7) | 36.0 (96.8) | 34.6 (94.3) | 28.5 (83.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.2 (52.2) | 11.8 (53.2) | 14.9 (58.8) | 16.4 (61.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 25.4 (77.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 14.2 (57.6) | 11.7 (53.1) | 18.1 (64.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) | 6.9 (44.4) | 9.7 (49.5) | 11.3 (52.3) | 14.8 (58.6) | 18.0 (64.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 14.3 (57.7) | 9.5 (49.1) | 7.3 (45.1) | 13.0 (55.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) | 2.0 (35.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | 6.2 (43.2) | 9.6 (49.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 14.7 (58.5) | 14.8 (58.6) | 11.8 (53.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 4.9 (40.8) | 2.9 (37.2) | 7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.5 (0.5) | −13.0 (8.6) | −10.0 (14.0) | −4.2 (24.4) | −1.5 (29.3) | 3.0 (37.4) | 6.0 (42.8) | 4.0 (39.2) | 2.0 (35.6) | −2.0 (28.4) | −9.0 (15.8) | −8.0 (17.6) | −17.5 (0.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 110.1 (4.33) | 90.0 (3.54) | 86.3 (3.40) | 106.5 (4.19) | 103.0 (4.06) | 81.9 (3.22) | 65.8 (2.59) | 60.6 (2.39) | 68.4 (2.69) | 83.1 (3.27) | 137.3 (5.41) | 105.2 (4.14) | 1,098.2 (43.24) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.6 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 12.9 | 13.5 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 12.4 | 11.1 | 127.2 |
| Source: Meteociel ||||||||||||||
# Topderesi, Amasra

Topderesi is a village in the Amasra District, Bartın Province, Turkey. Its population is 183 (2021).

## Geography

The village is 11 km from Bartın city center and 11 km from Amasra town center.
# Radec, California

Radec is a small unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. Located roughly 15 miles east by southeast of the city of Temecula, the community of Radec (an anadrome of "Cedar") is located along Highway 79. Having bought land in the area in 1883, early settler Samuel Tripp set up a post office there. As of 1893–4, a local directory listed the area as growing honey, hay and stock, but also as having "no commercial interest of any kind." A total of 14 people, mainly farmers and beekeepers, plus a laborer and Tripp, are listed in the directory. The County of Riverside owns a small, non-operational cemetery in Radec.
# George Jones (radio presenter)

George Jones (born 1941, Bloomfield, East Belfast) is a musician and former radio and TV personality from Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Jones started entertaining in the showbands era in Northern Ireland. Jones is a founder member of the long-running showband Clubsound.

## Early life

Jones was born and brought up in Greenville Street in the Bloomfield area of east Belfast, attending Elmgrove Primary School. His father came from Scarva and his mother's family background was Scottish. He has one sister, Lally, whom he credits as the major influence on his musical development.

## Music career

As a teenager, Jones was a member of the band the Monarchs which included his boyhood friend, Van Morrison. The Monarchs toured Europe for three months as the International Monarchs before returning to Belfast and disbanding. Jones moved to comedy cabaret by forming the well-known band Clubsound.

## Radio career

Jones' first break into radio came with a Sunday slot on Downtown Radio. He went on to work for BBC Northern Ireland, and had his own show, Just Jones, for Radio Ulster, which won him a Sony Radio Academy Award for best local radio presenter.
In June 2006, after twenty-one years of presenting Just Jones, he was dropped from the line-up on BBC Radio Ulster. He presented his last afternoon show on 30 June 2006.
After the BBC radio show ended, Jones started to present on Sunday mornings on U105 and as of January 2007 he presented his own daily afternoon show on the same station. He then presented the Sunday night show on U105, Sunday Sizzler, until early 2012. He returned to Downtown Radio with his Drivetime show before hosting a mid afternoon daily show on the station. He presented his last show on Downtown on 25 March 2014.
In August 2016 Jones returned to present a radio show on an internet radio station in Northern Ireland called "Fever40".

## Television career

Jones has also appeared on television shows such as Town Challenge and Children in Need.

## Other projects

In April 2010 Jones took a place on the Irish Comedy Tour Give My Head Peace.
Jones has also starred in the Irish musical, On Eagles Wing (later On Irish Wings) along with Peter Corry.

## Personal life

Jones and his wife, Hilary live in Greyabbey and have a son, Jason (Jay) Jones and a daughter, Natalie.
# Murison

Murison is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Murison (1847–1934), Scottish academic
* George Murison (1819–1889), Canadian mayor
* James Murison (c. 1816–1885), member of the Legislative Council of the Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope
* James Murison (c. 1705–1779), Scottish minister
* Sir James William Murison (1872–1945), Scottish colonial judge
* Krissi Murison (born 1981), British music journalist
* William Murison (1837–1877), New Zealand politician and cricketer