OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hyperconnectivity

Hyperconnectivity is a term invented by Canadian social scientists Anabel Quan-Haase and Barry Wellman, arising from their studies of person-to-person and person-to-machine communication in networked organizations and networked societies. The term refers to the use of multiple means of communication, such as email, instant messaging, telephone, face-to-face contact and Web 2.0 information services.
Hyperconnectivity is also a trend in computer networking in which all things that can or should communicate through the network will communicate through the network. This encompasses person-to-person, person-to-machine and machine-to-machine communication. The trend is fueling large increases in bandwidth demand and changes in communications because of the complexity, diversity and integration of new applications and devices using the network.
The communications equipment maker Nortel has recognized hyperconnectivity as a pervasive and growing market condition that is at the core of their business strategy. CEO Mike Zafirovski and other executives have been quoted extensively in the press referring to the hyperconnected era.
Apart from network-connected devices such as landline telephones, mobile phones and computers, newly-connectable devices range from mobile devices such as PDAs, MP3 players, GPS receivers and cameras through to an ever wider collection of machines including cars refrigerators and coffee makers, all equipped with embedded wireline or wireless networking capabilities. The IP enablement of all devices is a fundamental limitation of IP version 4, and IPv6 is the enabling technology to support massive address explosions.
There are other, independent, uses of the term:
* The U.S. Army describes hyperconnectivity as a digitization of the battlefield where all military elements are connected.
* Hyperconnectivity is used in medical terminology to explain billions and billions of neurons creating excessive connections, within the brain associated with schizophrenia, or epileptic seizures or DS

## Examples

Some examples to support the existence of this accelerating trend to hyperconnectivity include the following facts and assertions:
* About 2.8 billion mobile phones are already in use with another 1.6 million being added every day (The Economist, April 28, 2007)
* The network will need to accommodate a trillion devices, most of them wireless, in the next 15–20 years' time (David Clark, MIT)
* Sales of wireless modules for devices, sensors and machines are forecast to grow to $400 million by 2011 (Harbor Research)
* Tens of billions of e-mails, mobile text messages and instant messages are being sent through the world's public networks each day (The Economist, April 28, 2007)
# Shamshuzama Kazi

Shamshuzama Kazi (born 10 November 1994) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Maharashtra in the 2014–15 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 11 November 2014. He made his first-class debut for Maharashtra in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy on 17 November 2017.
# Standing Committee of European Doctors

The Standing Committee of European Doctors (French: Comité Permanent des Médecins Européens, CPME) represents national medical associations across Europe.
It promotes the highest standards of medical training and medical practice in order to achieve the highest quality of health care for all patients in Europe. CPME strongly advocates a “health in all policies” approach to encourage cross-sectorial awareness for and action on the social determinants of health, since a healthy economy depends on a healthy population. To achieve its goals, CPME co-operates proactively with the institutions of the European Union.
Policies are set both in response to developments in Europe, as well as by taking the lead in matters regarding the medical profession and patient care. CPME offers broad expertise in matters relating to medicine and the medical profession and is directed by a Board, which is elected by the General Assembly every three years.

## Governance

The bodies of the Standing Committee are:
* the General Assembly
* the Board
* the Executive Committee
* an auditor
The CPME Secretariat is situated in Brussels, Belgium.

### Finance

The Standing Committee of European Doctors (CPME) is an AISBL registered under Belgian law. Its financial income is based on members’ contributions. CPME may be involved in European projects and tenders, resulting in additional funding by EU institutions. CPME does not receive financial support from industry sources.
CPME has been registered in the joint Transparency Register of the European Parliament and of the European Commission since September 2008, with an Identification number of 9276943405–41.

## Policy areas

CPME is active in several policy areas:
* Professional practice and patients' rights
* Public health and disease prevention
* eHealth
* Pharmaceuticals and healthcare products
* EU political outlook

## Members

The Standing Committee of European Doctors (CPME) represents national medical associations from the following countries:

### Members

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

### Associate Members

Turkey, Ukraine

### Associate organisations

EMSA, EUMASS, WMA, MWIA

### Observers

Albania, Georgia, Israel, Kosovo, Serbia
# Svetlana Melnikova

Svetlana Melnikova (Russian: Светлана Мельникова; born 29 January 1951) is a retired female discus thrower and shot putter, who represented the Soviet Union during her career. Melnikova is best known for winning the gold medal in the women's discus throw event at the 1979 Summer Universiade in Mexico City, Mexico.
# Edo Maajka – Sevdah o Rodama

Edo Maajka – Sevdah o Rodama is a 2007 documentary about Bosnian rapper Edo Maajka.

## About

The documentary follows Edo Maajka from his birthplace Brčko to Novi Pazar, where he is having the first hip hop concert ever held there in that region of Sandžak. Along the way Edo talks about his childhood, the war, how he got involved in hip hop and when and how he met his best friends Frenkie and the other Fmjam crew. Edo talks about being part of Defence and later the hip hop crew Disciplinska Komisija.
This was the first Croatian and Bosnian documentary about the hip hop genre. The documentary won DORF by beating 17 other documentaries from: Britain, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia.

## Premier and showings

The documentary premiered in the "Motovun Film Festival" in 2007, and on television, it premiered on the channel HTR 1 on October 28, 2007. It was shown at "ZagrebDoxu" in 2008; at the cinema SC for the yearly "Days of Croatian Movies"; at the Skoplje Film Festival; at the Chicago Festival of Bosnian Films from 25.4 to 28.4 2008, which was organized by Edgewater Film Society with the help of International Film and Media Studies Program at Loyola Univerzitetu Chicago; and at the KIC cinema in Zagreb on 22 February 2008 and 23 February 2008.

## Awards

* 2007 - People's Choice - 5th Liburnia Film Festival
* 2008 - Documentary Festival (DORF) - Best Documentary
# Beurre fondue

Beurre fondue (French pronunciation:) is a food prepared by melting butter in water. The preparation serves to maintain the butter as an emulsified and creamy concoction. Beurre fondue is used by chefs because it has a lesser feel of greasiness on the palate, and the sauce is also easy for chefs to use compared to whole butter. Its uses are myriad, such as for braising and basting meats, poaching seafood such as lobster, cooking vegetables, and adding flavor to various foods and dishes.
# Charles W. Shields

Charles W. Shields is a former Republican member of the Missouri Senate, representing the 34th District from 2002 until 2010. He last served as the President Pro Tem. Previously he was a member of the Missouri House of Representatives from 1991 until 2002.
He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He holds a bachelor's in marketing and an M.B.A. from the University of Missouri. In 1990 he was elected to his first term in the Missouri House of Representatives, where her served continuously through 2002. Beginning in 1996, he also served as the party's House Minority Whip. He was first elected to the Missouri State Senate in 2002, and last served on the following committees:
* Rules, Joint Rules, Resolutions and Ethics (chair)
* Administration (vice chair)
* Gubernatorial Appointments (vice chair)
* Education.
He is currently Chief Executive Officer of the Truman Medical Centers. Shields lives in St. Joseph, Missouri with his wife, Brenda Kay Brandt. He is a member of Brookdale Presbyterian Church, the Eastside Lions (where he had earlier served as president), is assistant Scoutmaster of Troop 216 and a member of the Tribe of Mic-O-Say, the United Way application committee, Northwest Missouri AHEC board. He is also a member of Moila Shrine Temple, the Missouri Cultural Trust Board, the Missouri Commission on the Future of Higher Education, and the Missouri National Guard Association.
# Dheeraj Kumar (Himachal Pradesh cricketer)

Dheeraj Kumar (born 18 August 1994) is an Indian cricketer. He made his List A debut for Himachal Pradesh in the 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 26 February 2017.
# Catherine Chabaud

Catherine Chabaud (born 29 November 1962) is a French navigator, journalist and politician of the Democratic Movement (MoDem) who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2019 to 2024.

## Career in sports

In 1997 Chabaud became the first woman to complete the Vendee Globe yacht race a solo round the World non-stop race finishing 6th in 3rd edition. She is the only female to have skippered the winning entry on corrected time in the Fastnet Race, doing so in 1999.

## Political career

After Chabaud returned from her circumnavigation, she began working as a campaigner and adviser to the French government on oceans and marine protection.
As Member of the European Parliament, Chabaud served on the Committee on Development. In this capacity, she authored a 2021 report on marine plastic.
In addition to her committee assignments, Chabaud was part of the European Parliament Intergroup on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas and the MEPs Against Cancer group.
# Ghetto Twiinz

The Ghetto Twiinz is an American hip hop duo from New Orleans, Louisiana, composed of twin sisters Tonya and Tremethia Jupiter. From 1995 to 2001, the women released four albums, all of which made it to the Billboard Charts.

## Biography

Twin sisters Tonya and Tremethia Jupiter who were born in New Orleans in Louisiana, formed the Ghetto Twiinz in 1991 and were signed to independent record label, Big Boy Records, in 1994. After their debut album Surrounded By Criminals was released in 1996, they would join Rap-a-Lot Records and Noo Trybe Records. They would release three more albums In That Water (1997), No Pain No Gain (1998) and Got It on My Mind (2001) before disappearing from the music scene until releasing an EP Them People Coming in 2011.
On December 16, 2010 the Ghetto Twiinz returned to the stage at the House of Blues New Orleans and opened up for Mystikal, another prodigal performer recently returned to the limelight. Mannie Fresh primed the crowd for what was a spectacular display of showmanship on behalf of the twins.

## Discography
### Studio albums

List of albums, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | US | US R&B | US Heat |
| Surrounded By Criminals | Released: December 5, 1995 Label: Big Boy Format: CD, digital download, LP | – | 37 | 48 |
| In That Water | Released: July 1, 1997 Label: Rap-a-Lot / Noo Trybe Format: CD, digital download, LP | – | 36 | 13 |
| No Pain No Gain | Released: September 22, 1998 Label: Rap-a-Lot / Noo Trybe Format: CD, digital download | 191 | 35 | 15 |
| Got It on My Mind | Released: March 27, 2001 Label: Rap-a-Lot / Noo Trybe Format: CD, digital download | – | 68 | – |

### Extended plays

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Title | Album details | US | US R&B | US Heat |
| Them People Coming | Released: November 30, 2010 Label: Select-O-Hits Format: CD, digital download | – | - | - |
# Svetlana Semyonova

Svetlana Stepanovna Semyonova (Russian: Светла́на Степа́новна Семёнова; born 11 May 1958) is a Russian former rower who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
# Estilo Hip Hop

Estilo Hip Hop is a 2009 documentary film directed by Loira Limbal and Vee Bravo and distributed by IndiePix Films. It chronicles the lives of three rappers/political activists - Eli Efi of Brazil, Guerrillero Okulto of Chile and Magia of Cuba - and how they attempt to use their music to reach out to the youth of their respective countries. Estilo Hip Hop is currently being aired as part of the PBS series Global Voices, and has had live screenings in select theaters in California and New York. The documentary will be released on DVD on June 22, 2010, and is currently available on both Amazon and iTunes.

## Reception

Reception to Estilo Hip-Hop has been generally positive. XXL Magazine described the film as "an antidote to the get-rich-quick schemes favored by many in modern hip-hop." PopMatters awarded the documentary a 7/10 score and called it "sharp (and) engaging."
# Jeffery Hammond

Jeffery W. Hammond (born January 25, 1959) is a retired United States Army officer who previously served as the commanding general of the 4th Infantry Division and commander of U.S. forces in Baghdad, Iraq.

## Early life

Hammond attended the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, receiving bachelor's and master's degrees in special education. He was a quarterback and captain for the USM football team.

## Military career

Hammond was commissioned as a second lieutenant of field artillery in 1978. He was assigned to the 3rd Infantry Division in Germany, where he advanced to command of a battery. He returned to the U.S. to take the Infantry Officer Advanced Course at Fort Benning, Georgia.
From 1984 to 1987 he returned to the University of Southern Mississippi, where he served as assistant professor of military science. After that, he spent a year in South Korea.
In 1988 he was assigned to the 24th Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia. With the 1st Battalion, 41st Field Artillery of that division, Hammond was deployed to Saudi Arabia as part of Operation Desert Shield in 1990 and participated in Operation Desert Storm, the recapture of Kuwait from Iraq in 1991.
In the mid-1990s Hammond took command of the 4th Battalion, 29th Field Artillery, part of the 1st Armored Division in Germany, leading them during Operation Joint Endeavor in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Staff service in Washington, D.C. and a tour as division artillery commander of the 1st Cavalry Division followed.
Hammond served as G3 for the British-led Allied Rapid Reaction Corps followed by duty as assistant division commander (support) of the 1st Cavalry Division during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 in Iraq. He later served as the Army's Director of Operations, Readiness and Mobilization before taking command of the 4th Infantry Division on 19 January 2007.

## Return to Southern Miss

Hammond currently serves as the Director, Military and Veterans Student Affairs at The University of Southern Mississippi. he is also co-chair of the MS Community Veterans Engagement Board.

## Decorations

* Legion of Merit
* Bronze Star with two oak leaf clusters
* Defense Meritorious Service Medal
* Meritorious Service Medal with one silver oak leaf cluster
* Joint Service Commendation Medal
* Army Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster
# Cordelia E. Cook

Cordelia Elizabeth Cook (March 17, 1919 – June 19, 1996) was an American combat nurse in the United States Army Nurse Corps during World War II. She was the first woman in the U.S. Army to receive both the Bronze Star Medal award and the Purple Heart.

## Early life

Cook went by the name "Betty".

## Military duty

Cook attended the Christ Hospital School of Nursing in Cincinnati, Ohio. She continued her nursing duties in World War II in the Presenzano sector at the Italian front. She received a Bronze Star Medal award for her service, being the first woman to receive the award.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 Frank 2013, p. 161.
* ↑ Loomis 1958, p. 75.
* ↑ "World War II Honoree". National World War II Memorial. American Battle Monuments Commission; National Archives and Records Administration. 2003. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
* ↑ Jackson 2006, p. 58.
# Bo Henrik Gustaf Helin

Bo Henrik Gustaf Helin (1910–1962) was a Swedish editor and advertiser. He was the co-owner of the publication ”Maskulinum”. He was the eighth patriarch of the Helin family.

## Biography

Helin was the eldest son of Gustaf Helin and Anna Maria Eklund. He was born in “Västra Ryd socken [sv], (Upplands-Bro Kommun) Stockholms län” (English: Västra Ryd Parish (Upplands-Bro municipality) [sv], Stockholm County), a region known for grand estates and hosting military regiments.
His early life was spent at the family's estate in the parish. He later moved to the Kloster Herrgård. The Kloster estate in the early 20th century encompassed the whole urban area of Kloster, Hedemora municipality [sv]. In 1937, he married Inga Karin Emilia Engwall, the daughter of Knut Emil Engwall and granddaughter of Victor Theodor Engwall.
Bo Henrik Gustaf Helin was a close friend of writer Björn von Rosen [sv] and commander Pedro Ahlmark [sv]. The three managed “Maskulinum” a monthly paper on all men related matter. The company published advertisement for wealthy socialites and was made out of silk, letter and had marbled cuts. In 1943, Helin was appointed chief editor and chairman of the publication. Bertil Almqvist, another friend of the three, was responsible for the publication's art and page design.
Helin invited Evert Taube to the publication. Taube agreed and three joint papers were published. Evert Taube and Helin had already prior to the guest articles been acquainted by both being friends of Paul Toll.
Count Folke Bernadotte of Wisborg wrote about the Swedish shooting movement. in one issue of the publication. Other contributors to Masculinum included illustrator Adolf Hallman, songwriter Einar Moberg, and author Harry Martinson.
# Collective

A collective is a group of entities that share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest or work together to achieve a common objective. Collectives can differ from cooperatives in that they are not necessarily focused upon an economic benefit or saving, though they can be.
The term "collective" is sometimes used to describe a species as a whole—for example, the human collective.
For political purposes, a collective is defined by decentralized, or "majority-rules" decision-making styles.

## Types of groups

Collectives are sometimes characterised by attempts to share and exercise political and social power and to make decisions on a consensus-driven and egalitarian basis.
A commune or intentional community, which may also be known as a "collective household", is a group of people who live together in some kind of dwelling or residence, or in some other arrangement (e.g., sharing land). Collective households may be organized for a specific purpose (e.g., relating to business, parenting, or some other shared interest).
Artist collectives, including musical collectives, are typically a collection of individuals with similar interests in producing and documenting art as a group. These groups can range in size from a few people to thousands of members. The style of art produced can have vast differences. Motivations can be for a common cause or individually motivated purposes. Some collectives are simply people who enjoy painting with someone else and have no other goals or motivations for forming their collective.
A worker cooperative is a type of horizontal collective wherein a business functions as a partnership of individual professionals, recognizing them as equals and rewarding them for their expertise. The working collective aims to reduce costs to clients while maintaining healthy rewards for participating partners. This is accomplished by eliminating the operating costs that are needed to support levels of management.
# Tamara Danilova

Tamara Petrovna Danilova (Russian: Тамара Петровна Данилова, born July 30, 1939) is a Russian discus thrower who won the European title in 1969. She placed fifth at the 1971 European Championships and fourth at the 1972 Summer Olympics, both times losing to the world record holder Faina Melnik. In the Olympic final Danilova set a new Olympic record at 62.64 m, surpassing the record of Argentina Menis set in the qualifying round two days earlier. Her record was beaten two throws later by Menis, and then by Melnyk.
Melnyk would later go on to set the masters world record in the W35 division eight years later just after the Moscow Olympics. Danilova had to wait another sixteen years after the fall of the Soviet Union before she set her first masters world record, in the W55 division in 1996. That record of 43.36 m still stands. Later Danilova set the W65 (37.62 m), W70 (33.55 m) and W75 (31.56 m) world records that also still stand.
# Guilty or Innocent of Using the N Word

Guilty or Innocent of Using the N Word is a 2006 British documentary short film directed by British director Bhavna Malkani. The documentary explores questions and issues surrounding the word nigger that many feel constrained to discuss, as it is often categorized as a taboo word. The twenty-eight-minute film investigates the word chronologically, discussing the history of the word from its origins all the way to rap's influence on the acceptance and commercialization of the term.

## Cast

Guest appearances in the documentary include M-1 of Dead Prez, Grouchy Greg, CEO of AllHipHop, Philadelphia rapper The Last Emperor, hip-hop producer/rapper Marchitect and others.

## Filming and reception

The documentary was filmed in London, England; New York, New York; Newark, Delaware; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Guilty or Innocent of Using the N Word won the London Film Convention Award at the Portobello Film Festival in 2006 and Best Short Documentary at New York's 5th Annual H2O Odyssey International Hip-Hop Awards in 2007. The documentary was also short listed to win Best Film at the 5th Buffalo Film Festival in October 2007.