OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# NGC 7541

NGC 7541 is a barred spiral galaxy located around 104 million light-years away in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered in 1785 by William Herschel, and it is 106,000 light-years across. NGC 7541 is known to have lots of star-forming regions.

## Characteristics

NGC 7541, like other barred spiral galaxies, has a bar in the center of it. The bar cuts through the center of the galaxy, and into the other side. This type of galaxy is known as "grand design". NGC 7541 is actually observed to have a higher-than-usual star formation rate, adding weight to the theory that spiral bars act as stellar nurseries, corralling and funneling inwards the material and fuel needed to create and nurture new baby stars. NGC 7541 also has an active galactic nuclei, as shown in the HST image.
NGC 7541 forms a pair with NGC 7537, a spiral galaxy 127 million light-years away, next to NGC 7541. The two galaxies have shown some signs of interaction, as two tidal tails form out of NGC 7541.

## Supernovae

Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 7541:
* SN 1998dh (type Ia, mag. 16.8) was discovered by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) on 20 July 1998.
* SN 2017jmk (type II, mag. ) was discovered by the Puckett Observatory Supernova Search (POSS) on 31 December 2017.
# Halik Kochanski

Halik Kochanski (born 19 April 1962) is a British historian and writer of Polish origin.

## Life

Kochanski was educated at Downside School and at Balliol College, Oxford, where she was awarded an M.A. in Modern History. She obtained her Ph.D from King's College, London. She has taught history at King's College London and University College, London. She has written a number of historical articles and three books: Sir Garnet Wolseley: Victorian Hero (1999), The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War (2012) and Resistance: The Underground War in Europe, 1939-1945 (2022).
She is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and a member of the Army Records Society, the Society for Army Historical Research, the British Commission for Military History and the Institute for Historical Research. As of 2012, she is a judge for the Templer Medal book prize.
She won the 2023 Wolfson History Prize for her book, Resistance.
# Hong Tal-son

Hong Tal-son (Korean: 홍달손; Hanja: 洪達孫, 1415 – 25 November 1472) was a politician and soldier of the Joseon period of Korea. His courtesy name was Kach'ik (가칙; 可則). He was part of the plots which instated King Sejo on his throne (계유정난). As a result, he was nominated as the #10 in the 1st rank merit subject of 1453 and the #10 in the 2nd rank merit subject of 1455, with the title Prince Namyang (남양군).
In 1459, he was promoted to Internal Prince Namyang 남양부원군 南陽府院君. Under Sejo, Yejong and Seongjong, he occupied many governmental posts, Left State Councilor (좌위정) among them (1467–1472).
Hong came from the Namyang Hong clan of the Dang lineage (남양 홍씨 당홍계).

## Family

* Father - Hong Ch'i (홍치; 洪治; 1395–?)
* Mother - Lady Yi of the Gongju Yi clan (공주 이씨; 1410–?)
Sibling(s)
* Older sister - Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (남양 홍씨; 1417–?)
* Younger sister - Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (남양 홍씨; 1427–?)
* Younger brother - Hong Kwi-son (홍귀손; 洪貴孫; 1430–?)
* Younger sister - Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (남양 홍씨; 1432–?)
* Younger sister - Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (남양 홍씨; 1434–?)
* Younger brother - Hong Sun-son (홍순손; 洪順孫; 1440–?)
* Wife and children
** Lady An (안씨; 安氏; 1422 – 28 March 1477); married in 1444
*** Son - Hong Pyŏn (홍변; 1451–?)
*** Son - Hong Hŭn (홍흔; 洪忻; 1452–?)
*** Daughter - Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (남양 홍씨; 1453–?)
*** Son - Hong Kwan (홍관; 洪慣; 1456–?)
# Sudhir Hazareesingh

Sudhir Hazareesingh, GCSK, FBA (18 October 1961) is a British-Mauritian historian. He has been a fellow and Tutor in Politics at Balliol College, Oxford since 1990. Most of his work relates to modern political history from 1850; including the history of contemporary France as well as Napoleon, the Republic and Charles de Gaulle.

## Biography

Hazareesingh is the son of Kissoonsing Hazareesingh, a Cambridge- and Sorbonne-educated historian in his own right, who was a notable figure in Mauritian public life as a Mauritius Times writer and Principal Private Secretary to Seewoosagur Ramgoolam.
Hazareesingh's Toussaint Louverture biography Black Spartacus: The Epic Life of Toussaint Louverture was published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in September 2020. It was shortlisted for the 2020 Baillie Gifford Prize. Described in The Guardian as "a tour de force: by far the most complete, authoritative and persuasive biography of Toussaint that we are likely to have for a long time", Black Spartacus was BBC Radio 4's "Book of the Week" from 16 November 2020, read by Adrian Lester. It won the 2021 Wolfson History Prize and was shortlisted for the James Tait Black Prize for biography.
He is a member of the international reading committee of the Institut Napoléon, a French learned society founded in 1932, dedicated to Napoleonic studies.
He is on the editorial boards of the international journal Napoleonica La Revue, "an online review which aims to promote research in the history of the First and Second French Empires". Napoleonica La Revue is "published by the Fondation Napoléon, is academic, multidisciplinary, international and peer-reviewed".

## Publications

* Black Spartacus: The Epic Life of Toussaint Louverture. Allen Lane, 2019.
* How the French Think. Allen Lane, 2015
* In the Shadow of the General: Modern France and the Myth of De Gaulle. New York, Oxford University Press, 2012 (this is an English version of Le Mythe Gaullien, first published in French by Gallimard in 2010)
* Les préfets de Gambetta (with Vincent Wright and Eric Anceau), Paris, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2007
* The Saint-Napoleon. Celebrations of Sovereignty in 19th Century France, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press 2004 (French translation published by Editions Tallandier, 2007)
* The Legend of Napoleon, London, Granta, 2004 (French translation, Editions Tallandier, 2005; published in collection Points-Seuil, 2008)
* The Jacobin Legacy in Modern France. Essays in Honour of Vincent Wright (editor and contributor), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002
* Francs-Maçons sous le Second Empire (with Vincent Wright), Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2001
* Intellectual Founders of the Republic: Five Studies in 19th Century French Political Thought, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001 (revised paperback edition, 2005)

## Awards and decorations

* Mauritius:
** Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean (2020)
# Vita Nova

Vita Nova (meaning New Life in Latin) was a Swiss publishing house at 36 Fluhmattstrasse in Lucerne, Switzerland, that was established in January 1934 and co-founded by Rudolf Roessler along with the Catholic bookseller Josef Stocker and the financier Henriette Racine. It was run by the journalist and theater critic Rudolf Roessler.

## Beginnings

Stocker had been encouraged to help co-found the publishing firm by the Jesuit theologian Otto Karrer.

## Books published

Vita Nova was an anti-Nazi publishing house that primarily published German writers living in exile. It published some fifty brochures and books critical of both Nazism and Stalinism; writers often based their arguments on Christian values. In 1935, the publishing house published Die Gefährdung des Christentums durch Rassenwahn und Judenverfolgung (The Endangerment of Christianity through Racial Theories and the Persecution of the Jews), in which recognized Catholic and Protestant leaders comment on the connections between National Socialist racial doctrine and anti-Semitism. Among the personalities who contributed essays were the Anglican cleric William Ralph Inge (London), the Czech philosopher Emanuel Rádl (Prague), Johann Alois Scheiwiler (Bishop of St. Gallen), and the Norwegian novelist Sigrid Undset. Nicolas Berdyaev published a German translation of The Worth of Christianity and the Unworthiness of Christians with Vita Nova in 1936. The small firm also published books that were critical of Francoist Spain.

## Memorandum

From 1940 to 1941, Roessler wrote a 94-page memorandum under the pseudonym R. A. Hermes that Vita Nova published, Die Kriegsschauplätze und die Bedingungen der Kriegführung (Memorandum on the war situation after the Battle of Britain). Although the German Reich had not yet invaded the Soviet Union, Roessler predicted that it would have a difficult time in the further course of the war. Great Britain and the United States of America, which was not yet at war, controlled the major passages on the world's oceans and the Axis powers Germany and Italy would first have to acquire this position before the war could be won on their side. Territorial gains could contribute to the success of the war, but also to its failure.
The decisive factor was whether the acquirer had to dominate the territory by force and the associated effort, or whether he could retain enough partisans in the occupied country. The German Reich lacked this throughout, especially in relation to Poland and the Soviet Union. From the outset, these campaigns were designed to be a war of annihilation between two races and two world views. Winning over partisans was neither possible nor intended.
# Super-Poulet number

In number theory, a super-Poulet number is a Poulet number, or pseudoprime to base 2, whose every divisor $d$ divides $2^{d}-2$.
For example, 341 is a super-Poulet number: it has positive divisors (1, 11, 31, 341), and we have:
    (2$^{11}$ - 2) / 11 = 2046 / 11 = 186
    (2$^{31}$ - 2) / 31 = 2147483646 / 31 = 69273666
    (2$^{341}$ - 2) / 341 = 13136332798696798888899954724741608669335164206654835981818117894215788100763407304286671514789484550
When ${\frac {\Phi _{n}(2)}{gcd(n,\Phi _{n}(2))}}$ is not prime, then it and every divisor of it are a pseudoprime to base 2, and a super-Poulet number.
The super-Poulet numbers below 10,000 are (sequence A050217 in the OEIS):
| n | |
| 1 | 341 = 11 × 31 |
| 2 | 1387 = 19 × 73 |
| 3 | 2047 = 23 × 89 |
| 4 | 2701 = 37 × 73 |
| 5 | 3277 = 29 × 113 |
| 6 | 4033 = 37 × 109 |
| 7 | 4369 = 17 × 257 |
| 8 | 4681 = 31 × 151 |
| 9 | 5461 = 43 × 127 |
| 10 | 7957 = 73 × 109 |
| 11 | 8321 = 53 × 157 |

## Super-Poulet numbers with 3 or more distinct prime divisors

It is relatively easy to get super-Poulet numbers with 3 distinct prime divisors. If you find three Poulet numbers with three common prime factors, you get a super-Poulet number, as you built the product of the three prime factors.
Example: 2701 = 37 * 73 is a Poulet number, 4033 = 37 * 109 is a Poulet number, 7957 = 73 * 109 is a Poulet number;
so 294409 = 37 * 73 * 109 is a Poulet number too.
Super-Poulet numbers with up to 7 distinct prime factors you can get with the following numbers:
* { 103, 307, 2143, 2857, 6529, 11119, 131071 }
* { 709, 2833, 3541, 12037, 31153, 174877, 184081 }
* { 1861, 5581, 11161, 26041, 37201, 87421, 102301 }
* { 6421, 12841, 51361, 57781, 115561, 192601, 205441 }
For example, 1118863200025063181061994266818401 = 6421 * 12841 * 51361 * 57781 * 115561 * 192601 * 205441 is a super-Poulet number with 7 distinct prime factors and 120 Poulet numbers.
# Reuben Rickard

Reuben Rickard (August 20, 1841 – February 24, 1896) was a mining engineer He married Mary Elizabeth Humphreys October 3, 1863. They had six children, three of whom died young. who served as President of the Town Board of Trustees in Berkeley, California from 1891 to 1893, and again for about one month during 1895.
Rickard was born on August 20, 1841, in England. Rickard was hired by John Taylor and Sons of London to oversee their mining and metallurgical operations in Pontgibaud, France in the 1860s. In 1875, the Rickard family emigrated to the United States as Reuben had been hired to manage the operations of the Richmond Mining Company in Eureka, Nevada. He worked there six years before taking on another job inspecting mines for English investors throughout the western U.S. and Mexico. The family finally settled in Berkeley, California on July 24, 1882.
Reuben's wife died of tuberculosis on March 28, 1895, in Central City, Colorado.
Reuben Rickard died February 24, 1896, of acute diarrhoea on board the steamer Bothwell Castle which was bound from Geraldton to Fremantle in Western Australia where he was inspecting a mining project.
Reuben was survived by three children, Thomas, Edgar and Leontine. Thomas Rickard also served as President of the Town Board of Trustees from 1903 to 1909. Edgar Rickard was a close lifelong friend of President Herbert Hoover.
Leontine Rickard married William Bowditch Fisher on March 11, 1896, in Berkeley. Reuben had a brother Alfred Rickard who was also a mining engineer based in Denver, Colorado, and a nephew Thomas Arthur Rickard who was a prominent writer on the subject of mining.
# Kanduleh, Sahneh

Kanduleh (Persian: كندوله) is a village in, and the capital of, Kanduleh Rural District of Dinavar District, Sahneh County, Kermanshah province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Language

The local language is Gorani.

### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 879 in 247 households. The following census in 2011 counted 815 people in 221 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 522 people in 161 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
# Siege of Johor (1587)

The siege of Johor of 1587 was a military operation in which Portuguese forces successfully sieged, sacked, and razed Johor, capital of its eponymous sultanate. The city would later be rebuilt at a different location.
In 1586 naval forces of Johor began diverting shipping to the Singapore Strait due to a lack of personnel available in Malacca. Malacca itself was threatened by a large Johor fleet, but it was driven back by the presence of heavily armed Portuguese galleons in its harbour.
# Comedy festival

A comedy festival is a celebration of comedy with many shows, venues, comedy performers (such as stand up comics, sketch troupes, variety performers, etc.) and is held over a specific block of time. Normally, each festival has a diverse range of comedy themes and genres.

## Comedy festivals

A partial list of well-known comedy festivals includes:
* Netflix Is A Joke Festival
* Skankfest
* The Portland Comedy Festival
* Moontower Comedy Festival
* Leicester Comedy Festival (In Leicester, England the UK'S longest running comedy festival and one of top 5 in world)
* Algé'rire, In Algiers, Algeria, the largest comedy festival in the country
* ComediHa! Fest-Québec (In Québec City, Canada, one of the largest international comedy Festival in the world)
* JFL NorthWest
* Big Pine Comedy Festival
* Edinburgh Festival Fringe
* Glasgow International Comedy Festival (Europe's largest comedy festival)
* Melbourne International Comedy Festival
* YYComedy Festival
* RuhrHochDeutsch (Dortmund, Germany) (Germany's largest and longest comedy festival, which lasts almost 100 days)
* Cologne Comedy Festival
* Just for Laughs (Montreal, Canada) (Largest international comedy festival in the world)
* Iowa Comedy Festival
* Birmingham Comedy Festival
* Great Plains Comedy Festival
* Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival
* HK International Comedy Festival
* Motor City Comedy Festival, Detroit, Michigan
* Ha Ha Harvest Comedy Festival - Portland
* Kilkenny Cat Laughs Comedy Festival
* Perth International Comedy Festival
* Sydney Comedy Festival
* World's Funniest Island
* New Zealand International Comedy Festival
* Busan International Comedy Festival
* Lucille Ball Comedy Festival
* Xanthi Comedy Festival - Greece
* Bris Funny Fest
* Stand Up Fest - Indonesia
* Brisbane Comedy Festival
* SF Sketchfest - San Francisco Comedy Festival
* Toronto Sketch Comedy Festival
* Tringe Festival, Tring, England
* Machynlleth Comedy Festival, Machynlleth, Wales
# J. Ellis Rodley

John Ellis Rodley (February 2, 1852 – December 2, 1919) was the fourteenth President of the Chico Board of Trustees, the governing body of Chico, California from 1897 to 1899.
He was born February 2, 1852, in Galashiels, Selkirkshire, Scotland, the son of Edward Rodley and Sarah Ellis. His father Edward was a manufacturer of wool. His mother Sarah died in Scotland. The family emigrated to the United States in about 1868, and settled in Lebanon, Missouri.
Although, he was still very young at the time, John began his study of medicine under Dr. Hugh Falconer in Scotland. He continued his studies in America at Missouri Medical College (also called McDowell Medical College) in St. Louis from where he was graduated in 1881.
He began to practice medicine in Lebanon, where he resided until 1884. He moved to St. Louis, where he continued his practice for four more years, where he was on the Missouri Pacific Hospital, the railroad hospital. He also served as surgeon for the Missouri Pacific Railroad. In 1888, Dr. Rodley left Missouri for California and located in Chico.
In Chico, he practiced medicine, and served on the Chico Board of Trustees, and as its President. He owed four farms, where he raised grains, fruits and nuts.
In 1899, Rodley was sentenced to 12 years in prison after being found guilty of perjury in the witnessing of a forged will offered for probate. He was granted parole in 1906.
# Giovanni Falcone (film)

Giovanni Falcone is a 1993 Italian biographical drama film written and directed by Giuseppe Ferrara. It is based on real life events of the prosecuting magistrate Giovanni Falcone who was killed by mafia in 1992.

## Cast

* Michele Placido as Giovanni Falcone
* Anna Bonaiuto as Francesca Morvillo
* Giancarlo Giannini as Paolo Borsellino
* Massimo Bonetti as Ninni Cassarà
* Nello Riviè as Rocco Chinnici
* Gianni Musy as Tommaso Buscetta
* Marco Leto as Antonino Caponnetto
* Paolo De Giorgio as Calogero Zucchetto
* Antonio Cantafora as Totò Inzerillo
* Pietro Biondi as the "Dottore" (Bruno Contrada)
* Nino D'Agata as Totuccio Contorno
* Fabrizio Gifuni as Roberto Antiochia
* Gianfranco Barra as Vincenzo Geraci
* Roberto Nobile as Judge Di Pisa
* Arnaldo Ninchi as Salvo Lima
* Giampiero Bianchi as Claudio Martelli
* Giovanni Pallavicino as Vito Ciancimino
* Luigi Angelillo as Ignazio Salvo
* Francesco Bellomo as Francesco Marino Mannoia
* Ivana Monti as Marcelle Padovani
* Gaetano Amato as Luciano Liggio
# Toscano Family Ice Forum

The Toscano Family Ice Forum is an ice hockey arena on the main campus of the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut. The arena opened in January 2023 and has a capacity of 2,600 spectators.

## History

Despite being an NCAA Division I school, the UConn Huskies operated their ice hockey program at the Division III level for many years. During this time, the team's home rink was the UConn Ice Arena, an outdoor facility. The team was finally promoted to D-I in 1998 when the Mark Edward Freitas Ice Forum was completed. The Huskies used the Forum as their home for the next 18 years.
In 2014, UConn joined Hockey East despite the Ice Forum not meeting the league's requirements. The Huskies used the larger XL Center in nearby Hartford, Connecticut as a stop-gap measure while they decided on a permanent, on-campus solution.
In 2021, the athletic department settled on building a new rink across from the Ice Forum which was scheduled to be completed in time for the start of the 2022–23 season. The arena hosted its first UConn women's hockey game on January 13, 2023 and its first UConn men's hockey game on January 14, 2023.
# Podole Wielkie

Podole Wielkie (German: Groß Podel) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Główczyce, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Główczyce, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Słupsk, and 78 km (48 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, and in 1648–1945 it belonged to Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Desert Sunrise High School

Desert Sunrise High School is a comprehensive public high school in Maricopa, Arizona, in the United States. The school is in the Maricopa Unified School District, and is located on Murphy Rd and Farrell Rd in Maricopa. Its school mascot is Gary the Golden Hawk, and its colors are blue and gold. Desert Sunrise opened in July 2022 with grades 9 and 10 for the 2022-23 school year. Grade 11 was added for the 2023-24 school year, followed by grade 12 for the 2024-25 school year.

## History

In 2018, about $26 million dollars was approved by the School Facilities Board to construct a second high school in the Maricopa Unified School District. The school district noticed a growing student population and the need for additional classroom space. It was designed by the Orcutt Winslow architectural firm and was built by Chasse Building Team. Ground was broken on May 7, 2021. The school will be built in three phases. The first phase consists of classroom space that can be scaled up as the student population grows. It also includes a gymnasium and cafeteria. A third building houses the administrative offices. A soft opening was held on May 24, 2022. On the same day, ground was broken for phase 2, which includes sporting facilities, a building for a library, counseling offices, and a performance stage. Phase 2 opened at the beginning of the 2023-2024 school year. Future plans include additional classrooms, an arts complex, and a career and technical education building.

### RED Awards

In March 2024, Desert Sunrise received top honors at the 2024 Real Estate Development Awards in the K-12 category.

### AgriScience Greenhouse

In April 2024, it was announced that a greenhouse would be constructed for the school's AgriScience program, and it would be used for various student projects.

### Acid Fume Exposure and Evacuation

On October 24, 2024, students at Desert Sunrise High School were evacuated to the school parking lot sometime around 10:24 a.m. due to exposure to salicylic acid fumes in a science classroom. Students returned to classes around 11:36, after a response to the situation by the Maricopa police and fire departments. Parents were promptly notified about the situation and were asked to monitor their children for "any signs of breathing difficulty over the next 24 hours."
# Rádio Festival

Rádio Festival was a Portuguese radio station, covering the Porto metropolitan area and broadcasting from Porto.
Launched on April 11, 1986, its name was derived from a program that was aired on the now-defunct Emissores do Norte Reunidos in the 1960s and 70s. The station promoted Portuguese music throughout its existence, especially popular music and fado. It was reported in 2006 that Luís Montez, of the Música no Coração group, hadn't paid part of the sale clauses since December 2002, being put on trial on May 23, 2006. Montez was absolved in October.
In March 2024, ERC authorized Medialivre to buy the station in order to grant a frequency for Correio da Manhã Rádio in the Porto area. The station winded down operations in November 11, 2024, becoming a relay of CM Rádio.
# Yorkshire Subterranean Society

The Yorkshire Subterranean Society is a caving club based at Helwith Bridge near Horton in Ribblesdale in the Yorkshire Dales. The Yorkshire Subterranean Society is more commonly known as the YSS. The YSS organises regular Caving and Walking meets to the Yorkshire Dales twice a month and other UK Caving areas through the year. The YSS also organises social events and "Try Caving" or potholing weekends for people wishing to have a go at the sport. The YSS also provides single rope technique (SRT) training to its members.

## History

The club was founded in 1964 and celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2024 at the Flacon Manor, Settle.
The YSS was formed by a group of enthusiasts in October 1964 initially calling themselves "The Undertakers Subterranean Society". After adverse publicity, they changed their name to the Yorkshire Subterranean Society in August 1965.

## Expeditions

* Gouffre Berger 1986
* Gouffre Berger 1988
* Gouffre Berger 1991
* Gouffre Berger 2006
* Pierre Saint Martin 2007
* Cueto Conventosa 2007
* 2008 sees the club plan to visit BU56 otherwise known as Sima de las Puertas de Illamina