OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ferdinandus Jacobus Potgieter

Ferdinandus Jacobus Potgieter (Ferdinand Jacobus Potgieter; 16 February 1857 – 11 April 1902) was a Boer general in the Second Boer War (1899–1902).

## Family

Potgieter was born the fourth child and fourth son of farmer Petrus Philippus Potgieter (Uitenhage, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 14 December 1820 – British concentration camp Klerksdorp, 20 December 1901) and Wilhelmina Jacoba Pieterse (Cradock, Eastern Cape, 25 August 1826 – Farm Matjiesspruit, Makwassie, now North West province, 18 August 1880), among six sons and three daughters.
Young Potgieter married Jacoba Johanna Magdalena Pieterse (Potchefstroom District, 15 May 1860 Boksburg, 16 November 1926) and had one son and seven daughters by her, born in Makwassie, Potchefstroom and Wolmaransstad. One daughter, Johanna Margaretha Elisabeth (1879 – 24 May 1902), died in British concentration camp Merebank near Durban.

## Second Boer War

In the Second Boer War Potgieter commanded the Wolmaransstad Commando for the South African Republic and fought in many actions such as Battle of Magersfontein (11 December 1899) and the Siege of Kimberley on 11 November 1899, ultimately being promoted to the rank of a fighting general (veggeneraal). With 20 of his men he and general Froneman serving general Piet Cronjé timely escaped the British encirclement at the Battle of Paardeberg (18 – 27 February 1900) and reached the troops of general Christiaan de Wet. Later, after the capture of the Orange Free State capital of Bloemfontein on 13 March 1900) he opposed the march of general French to Pretoria on 3 June 1900.
After the capture of the capital of Pretoria by Lord Roberts on 5 June 1900, Potgieter continued the war under general Koos de la Rey as a 'bittereinder' (Afrikaans for fighter to the bitter end, diehard). While De la Rey was away attending peace ouvertures at Vereeniging, Potgieter and Boer general Jan Kemp performed an audacious but failed charge without cover against a British line to again escape encirclement, this time in the Battle of Rooiwal (11 April 1902) in the Lichtenburg district near Klerksdorp. Historian Thomas Pakenham wrote:
   The Boers, led by Generals Kemp and Potgieter, galloped on towards destruction, as though possessed by the spirit of Lord Lucan and the Light Brigade...The six British guns began to tear holes in the column. Still they came on, gambling everything on the chance that the British would turn and run... [Later:] A mile away, Potgieter lay sprawled thirty yards from the South African Constabulary line, conspicuous with his neatly trimmed beard and blue shirt, and there were three bullets in his head and body. Beside his corpse lay fifty other dead Boers.
This turned out to be the final battle of the war. The peace Treaty of Vereeniging was signed in Pretoria on 31 May 1902.
# First Omar Abdullah ministry

Omar Abdullah was sworn in as Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir on 5 January 2009. The list of ministers:

## Cabinet ministers

| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Chief Minister Other departments not allocated to any Minister | Omar Abdullah | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | JKNC |
| Deputy Chief Minister | Tara Chand | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | INC |
| Minister of Social Welfare , Ari Trainings and Public Grievances | Sakina Itoo | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | JKNC |
| Minister of School Education and Public Enterprises | Peerzada Mohammad Sayeed | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | INC |
| Minister of Forest, Ecology and Environment | Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | JKNC |
| Minister of Public Health Engineering, Irrigation and Flood control | Taj Mohiuddin | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | INC |
| Minister of Urban Development and Urban Local Bodies, Tourism and culture | Nawang Rigzin Jora | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | INC |
| Minister of Industries and Commerce | Surjeet Singh Slathia | 11 July 2009 | 8 January 2015 | JKNC |
| Minister of Health, Horticulture and Floriculture | Sham Lal Sharma | 5 January 2009 | 8 January 2015 | INC |
| Minister of Consumer Affairs, Public Distribution and Transport | Qamar Ali Akhoon | 11 July 2009 | 15 January 2013 | JKNC |
| Minister of Technical Education, Youth Services & Sports and Medical Education | R.S. Chib | 11 July 2009 | 15 January 2013 | INC |
* Sakina Itoo - Minister for Social Welfare and Administrative Reforms, Inspections, Trainings & Public Grievances
* Ali Mohammad Sagar (JKNC) - Minister for Rural Development and Panchayats, Law & Parliamentary Affairs
* Mohammad Akbar Lone (JKNC) - Minister for Higher Education
* Chowdhary Mohammad Ramzan
* Nasir Aslam Wani Minister of State for Tourism & Culture, Housing & Urban Development, PHE, Revenue & Relief
* Mir Saifullah
* Nazir Ahmed Khan Gurezi
* Feroz Ahmed Khan MOS Information and Technology
* Sajjad Ahmed Kichloo
* Ajay Sadhotra
* Ghulam Ahmad Mir (INC)
* Abdul Majid Wani (INC)
* Vikar Rasool Wani (INC)
* Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi - Science and Technology and Animal Husbandry
With One female Cabinet minister (Sakina itoo), the Omar Abdullah ministry was the first government of Jammu and Kashmir to appoint female Cabinet minister.
# Ed Diehl

Ed Diehl is an American Republican politician serving the 17th district in the Oregon House of Representatives, which includes East Salem, Turner, Detroit, and Idanha. He won the seat in the 2022 election.

## Electoral history

2022 Oregon State Representative, 17th district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Ed Diehl | 21,741 | 96.7 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 742 | 3.3 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 22,483 | 100% |
2024 Oregon State Representative, 17th district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Ed Diehl | 23,759 | 69.3 |
| | Democratic | David W Beem | 10,486 | 30.6 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 52 | 0.2 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 34,297 | 100% |
# Faradic battery

A Faradic battery (or Faradic stimulator, or galvanic battery) was a device used in 19th and early 20th century medicine. The name of the device is associated both with Michael Faraday and Luigi Galvani. It was designed to create a mild electric shock that was thought to be therapeutic, to assist with ailments around nerve sensitivity within muscles and bones. Many machines were portable for use at a doctor's office or at home. Allegedly of little actual benefit and providing more of a placebo effect.
# Cecil Hargett

Cecil Hargett Jr. is a businessman and politician, a former Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly, representing the state's sixth Senate district, including constituents in Jones and Onslow counties.
He is a real estate investor from Jacksonville, North Carolina, elected to the state senate for the first time in 2002. He served one term in the 2003-2004 session. He was defeated in the 2004 election by the Republican challenger, Harry Brown, in a year when Democrats gained strength in the Senate and regained control of the State House.
# Pantami Stadium

The Pantami Stadium is a 12,000 capacity multi-purpose stadium at the Pantami district of Gombe,
Gombe State, Nigeria. It is used mostly for football matches but also for state and national ceremonial events, such as religious, political and social events. It is the official home stadium of Gombe United F.C. and Doma United F.C. and has been considered one of the most modern sport centres in the country. It was reconstructed in 2010.
The structure boast of three major facilities which accommodate a synthetic football pitch, a tartan track for athletics and a gym built to promote and enhance sports development in the state
Doma United drew an average home attendance of 2,852 in the 2023–24 Nigeria Premier Football League.

## Athletics Program

On July 8, 2023 an inter-primary school athletic program held at the stadium, with participation by 1,000 primary school pupils.
# Jewel's Reward

Jewel's Reward (March 10, 1955 – September 16, 1959) was a Thoroughbred Champion racehorse. He was voted the American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt of 1957 by the Thoroughbred Racing Association and Turf & Sports Digest magazine. The rival Daily Racing Form poll was topped by Nadir. Owned by the Maine Chance Farm of "Cosmetics Queen" Elizabeth Arden, Jewel's Reward was trained by National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame inductee Ivan Parke.
Following his championship year, in which he won more money than any other two-year-old in history, at age three Jewel's Reward was ranked a top contender for the U.S. Triple Crown series after winning the Wood Memorial Stakes at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. However, an injury during a workout hampered the colt and after being sent off as the betting favorite, he ran fourth in the Kentucky Derby and seventh in the Preakness Stakes. Later that year, Jewel's Reward was sent to race in California, where he was trained by Bill Molter.
Returned to the East Coast, in August 1959 the four-year-old Jewel's Reward came down with colic and died on September 16 in his barn at Belmont Park.
# Rina Mitra

Rina Mitra (IAST: Rīnā Mitra) (born 1 September 1959) is a 1983 retired IPS officer of Madhya Pradesh cadre. She is the incumbent Chief Commissioner of the West Bengal Right to Public Service Commission. She served as the Special Secretary (Internal Security) in the Ministry of Home Affairs.

## Education

Mitra has a graduate degree in literature from Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, and a postgraduate degree in literature from Calcutta University. She also has an MPhil degree from the National Defence College, affiliated to Madras University.

## Career

Mitra has served in various key positions for both the Union Government and the Government of Madhya Pradesh (Police), like as Special Director General (SDG) (Police Headquarters), Special Director General (Training), Inspector General (IG) (Personnel and Legal), Inspector General (CID) and as the Commandant of 31st and 23rd Battalions of the Madhya Pradesh State Armed Police in the Madhya Pradesh Government (Police), and as Special Secretary (Internal Security) in the Ministry of Home Affairs, Special Director General in Border Security Force (BSF), Director of National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences (NICFS), Director of Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD), Director (Vigilance) in the Railway Board, and as a Superintendent of Police (SP) in the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in the Union Government.
She also served as the District Superintendent of Police (SP) of Datia, Balaghat and Chhindwara districts.

### Special Secretary (Internal Security)

Mitra was appointed as the Special Secretary (Internal Security) in the Ministry of Home Affairs by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), she assumed office on 1 March 2017 and served their till January 2019.

## Chief Commissioner of West Bengal Right to Public Services Commission

Mitra has been appointed the Chief Commissioner of West Bengal Right to Public Services Commission in May, 2022.

## Decorations

* Police Medal for meritorious service - Received in 1999
* President's Police Medal for distinguished service - Received in 2008
* 50th Independence Anniversary Medal - Received on 15 August 1997
# Portrait of Francis I of Austria

The Portrait of Francis I of Austria is a painting by the British artist Sir Thomas Lawrence depicting the Austrian Emperor Francis I (previously Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire).

## History and description

Commissioned by the Prince Regent of Britain it was initially painted during the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1818 and completed over the following months. Lawrence, Britain's leading portrait painter of the Regency Era, was commissioned by the Regent to depict many European leaders who had participated in the defeat of the French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.
The Prince Regent commissioned the work for five hundred guineas. Francis wears military uniform with a plumed hat on the table beside him. He wears the British Order of the Garter and more prominently the Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece. Lawrence observed difficulties with the Emperor's face which he found long, thin and melancholic. However, when Francis smiled he showed a benevolence which Lawrence depicted in the painting. Unlike the other Allied monarchs Lawrence portrayed Francis in full-length and seated on a throne. The finished portrait was still in Lawrence's studio at his death in 1830. Today the painting is part of the Royal Collection and hangs in the Waterloo Chamber of Windsor Castle along with portraits of other European leaders of the era, many of them painted by Lawrence.
# Awalt, Tennessee

Awalt is a ghost town in Franklin County, Tennessee.

## History

Awalt was likely named for John Awalt, an early settler. A post office was established at Awalt in 1845, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1906. In the 1870s Awalt contained a sawmill and a gristmill.
The settlement of Awalt was almost completely submerged by Tims Ford Lake. Construction of Tims Ford Dam on the Elk River began in 1966 and was completed in 1970. Graves were relocated to the New Awalt Cemetery on the ridge, and all persons living in Awalt were displaced. All structures were removed before the filling of the lake which took nearly two years. Several roads which are now used as boat access ramps were once roads down into the town of Awalt which sat in the bottom of a hollow in one of the lowest points of the current lake. The townspeople were mostly farmers. The population was nominal. Most people living in Awalt moved into Franklin County or Coffee County after the lake came. Much of the former town area is now occupied by Holiday Landing Marina and Resort.
# Otto Harrass

Otto A. Harrass (July 13, 1869 – September 19, 1910) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Harrass was born on July 13, 1869, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he along the way received a religious-based education. During the Spanish–American War, he served in the United States Army. Harrass died in Milwaukee on September 19, 1910. He was buried in Milwaukee.

## Political career

Harrass was elected to the Assembly for Milwaukee County's Second District in 1906 and 1908. He was a Republican.
# Ben Di Rosa

Benjamin Di Rosa (born August 10, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender.

## Early life

Di Rosa played youth soccer with Bethesda SC.

## College career

In 2017, Di Rosa attended the University of Maryland, College Park to play college soccer. He made his debut on August 25, 2017, against the Santa Clara Broncos. In 2018, Di Rosa scored his first goal in the national semifinal against Indiana during Maryland's National Championship run. With Maryland, he won the 2018 National Championship and was named to the College Cup All-Tournament Team. He scored his second goal on September 16, 2019, to give Maryland a 1–0 victory over the Villanova Wildcats.

## Club career

On January 21, 2021, Di Rosa was selected 44th overall in the 2021 MLS SuperDraft by New York City FC. Di Rosa travelled with the team during preseason, but was not signed by the club.
On April 16, 2021, Di Rosa signed with USL Championship side Charleston Battery. He made his debut on May 6, 2021, starting against New York Red Bulls II and winning Man of the Match.
In 2022, Di Rosa signed with St. Louis City 2 of MLS Next Pro.

## Personal

Ben's twin brother, Matt, is also a professional soccer player, who played with him at the University of Maryland, and was also draft in 2021, becoming the first set of twins to be drafted in the same MLS SuperDraft.
# Frédéric Airault

Frédéric Airault (French:; born 18 May 1868 in Paris, died 7 October 1944 in Clichy) was a French engineer and airship pilot who was the technical director of a number of automobile and aviation firms before the First World War.

## Biography

Airault enrolled at the École des Arts et Métiers campus in Angers in 1884, gaining his diplôme d'ingénieur in 1887. Airault served with the French Navy for five years before joining the Société française de constructions mécaniques in 1892. In 1897, he designed a V-4 24-horsepower engine with progressive friction transmission, and starting in 1899 he worked at the car and bicycle manufacturer Hurtu as engineer, head of research and then Technical Director. He stayed there for four years, and in 1903 became a co-director of the Buchet factories in Levallois-Perret, a northwestern suburb of Paris. Élie Buchet, founder of Buchet, had died in late 1903.
Airault left Buchet in 1905 to become the managing director of Fabbrica di Automobili Florentia. Airault stayed there for a year before becoming the technical director of the Société française des trains Renard in 1906. The Daimler Company manufactured the Road Train under licence in the UK.
The industrialists Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe and Édouard Surcouf formed Société Astra to make dirigible airships. Airault was the director of the aeronautic park for the Astra III airship Ville-de-Nancy (piloted by Édouard Surcouf and fr:Henry Kapférer) at the Exposition Internationale de l'Est de la France in Nancy in 1909. Airault piloted "Osmanli", the first Turkish airship, at the Parc Saint-Cloud on 18 April 1909.
He became technical director of Compagnie générale transaérienne (CGT, later Air France, founded in October 1909 by Louis Blériot), which was also owned by Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe. He oversaw the installation of hydrogen gas plants at Nancy and then at Beauval for CGT.
While testing the Astra VI l’España on 5 November 1909, the propeller shaft ruptured, breaking the nacelle. Airault avoided a catastrophe, landing safely near Frémainville, Seine-et-Oise (now Val d'Oise), some 50 miles (85 km) from Meaux. Brought back to Beauval, repaired and modified, l’España was delivered to the Spanish military authorities at the start of 1910.
In August 1910, Airault received his pilot-aeronaut certificate for dirigible balloons (along with Robert Balny d'Avricourt.) CGT started operating Astra dirigibles in France and Switzerland. Airault, as the company's chief pilot, directed operations of Surcouf's Astra VII Ville de Lucerne in August 1910 in Lucerne. CGT followed this with a seaplane service on Lake Lucerne and Lake Geneva, then cross-channel flights in 1911. Henri de la Meurthe also bought the Nieuport aircraft firm after Edouard Nieuport died in a flying accident in 1911.
In 1912, Airault lived at 25, Rue de Marignan, Paris.
# Lezant

Lezant (Cornish: Lannsant) is a civil parish and village in east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Lezant village is about five miles (8 kilometres) south of Launceston. The population of the parish in the 2001 census was 751, increasing slightly to 765 in the 2011 census.

## Geography

The parish of Lezant is in the Launceston registration district. The county border with Devon forms the parish's eastern boundary. It is bounded on the north by South Petherwin and Lawhitton.

### Greystone Quarry and Bridge

A historically important road crossing of the River Tamar is 2 miles (3.2 km) from the village at Greystone Bridge; the arched stone bridge was built in 1439. Greystone Bridge is the site of a large aggregate quarry operated by Bardon Aggregates. The quarry walls are designated as the Greystone Quarry SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest), for its geological characteristics.

## Notable people

* Peter of Cornwall, a medieval scholar and prior of Holy Trinity, Aldgate, was born near Launceston, Cornwall, the son of Jordan of Trecarrel (died c. 1180).
* Matthew Sutcliffe, Dean of Exeter for over 40 years from 1588 was also Rector of Lezant from 1594.
* John Woolton (1535?-1594) was Bishop of Exeter, and from 1584 held the rectory of Lezant in plurality.
# Peter Sinclair Jr.

Peter Sinclair (13 November 1887 – 8 March 1938) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Summerfield, Prince Edward Island and became a farmer.
The son of Peter Sinclair and Margaret MacMurdo, Sinclair was educated in Springfield and farmed near Charlottetown.
Sinclair was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1927 until his defeat in the 1931 election, at the 1st Queens riding.
He was first elected to Parliament at the Queen's riding in the 1935 general election. Sinclair died on 8 March 1938 before completing his term in the 18th Canadian Parliament.
# Jean-Baptiste Fortin

Jean-Baptiste Fortin (December 29, 1764 – January 6, 1841) was a farmer and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Devon from 1804 to 1814 and from 1820 to 1830 and L'Islet from 1830 to 1838 in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada.
He was born in L'Islet, Quebec, the son of Charles Fortin and Marie-Magdelaine Pin. He was involved in the development and settlement of land in the seigneury of L'Islet and was also a commissioner for the construction of roads in the neighbouring seigneuries. In 1788, he married Geneviève Fortin, a relative. Fortin generally supported the Parti canadien and then the Parti patriote and voted in support of the Ninety-Two Resolutions. He died in office at the age of 76.
His grandson Louis-Napoléon Fortin served in the Quebec legislative assembly.
# Elisabetin Orthodox Church

The Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary (Romanian: Biserica Adormirea Maicii Domnului) is a Romanian Orthodox church in the Elisabetin district of Timișoara, Romania. It is located on Archpriest George Dragomir Street and is opposite the Cross Square (Piața Crucii). Its peculiarity is that, unlike other buildings, it was not shared with the Serbian Orthodox. Although the church has historical value, it is not on the list of monuments of the County Directorate of Culture.

## History

A church had existed on this site since 1784, which in turn was built on the site of a wooden church from 1794 destroyed in a fire. At first there was no tower, only a cross with a globe was placed on the roof above the altar. The tower was added in 1836.
In 1894, according to the plans of architect Ștefan Toth, the construction of the current church began. It is 24.41m long and 7.7m wide. The church tower is in the Baroque style. The wall paintings inside the church were made by Iulian Toader from Arad, and the sculptures and woodwork were made by Traian Novac.
The church was consecrated on 6 November 1927. It is a simple hall building with a recessed facade tower, whose exterior design is reminiscent of the Banat country churches. Only the design of the interior with a barrel vault and an apse that is the same width as the nave is different.
# 2020–21 Afghanistan Premier League

The 2020–21 Afghanistan Premier League was scheduled to be the second edition of the Afghanistan Premier League Twenty20 (T20) franchise cricket tournament. Balkh Legends are the defending champions.
Originally, the tournament was scheduled to take place in October 2019 at the Sharjah Cricket Stadium. However, in September 2019, it was announced that the tournament would be postponed until 2020, due to payment issues and "risks for league's integrity". In October 2020, the Afghanistan Cricket Board announced its plans to re-launch the tournament, with the possibility of it taking place in December 2020 or January 2021.
# Prasmita Mangaraj

Prasmita Mangaraj (born (1977-07-04)4 July 1977) is an Indian former weightlifter from Odisha, who competed in the 58 kg category and represented India at international competitions. She competed at the 2003 World Weightlifting Championships.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total | Rank |
| Year | Venue | Weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total | Rank |
| World Championships |||||||||||||
| 2003 | Vancouver, Canada | 58 kg | 82.5 | 85 | 85 | 18 | 105 | 105 | 105 | 19 | 190 | 18 |