OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sanga Choeling Monastery

The Sanga Choeling Monastery, also spelt Sange Choeling Monastery (Sikkimese: གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང, Wylie: gsang sngags chos gling, THL Sangngak Chö Ling), established in the 17th century by Lama Lhatsün Chempo, is one of the oldest monasteries in Pelling, about 10 km from Gyalshing city in the Gyalshing district in Northeast Indian state of Sikkim. The literal meaning of Sanga Choeling is "Island of the Guhyamantra teachings", where gling means a vihara and "secret Mantra teachings" is a synonym for "Vajrayana Buddhism".
The monastery is located on a ridge top above Pelling at a distance of 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Pemayangtse Monastery and is accessed by walking the steep hilly track of 4 kilometres (2.5 mi), which traverses through rich forest cover.
Pilgrimage to Sanga Choeling Monastery is undertaken by many Buddhist devotees as part of a religious and heritage circuit encompassing Pemayangtse Monastery, Rabdentse ruins, Khecheopalri Lake, Norbugang Chorten, Dubdi Monastery, Yuksom and Tashiding Monastery.

## Architecture

Sanga Choeling Monastery, built in 1697, is also known as the place of secret spells. It has clay statues dating back to the 17th century. The monastery was affected by fire several times and was rebuilt. The Monastery's location provides very scenic and panoramic view all round.

## Religiosity

On the tenth day of every month according to the Tibetan calendar, lamas recite hymns at this monastery. Every morning and evening prayers are special here. The monastery is reserved for men only and belongs to the Nyingma sect.

## Gallery

* Entrance to Sanga-Choeling Monastery
* Painting of a saint in Sanga Choeling Monastery
* A mythical painting in Sanga Choeling Monastery
* Painting of a drummer in Sanga Choeling Monastery
* A Wheel of Life painting in Sanga Choeling Monastery
# Tathātā

Tathātā (/ˌtætəˈtɑː/; Sanskrit: तथाता; Pali: tathatā) is a Buddhist term variously translated as "thusness" or "suchness", referring to the nature of reality free from conceptual elaborations and the subject–object distinction. Although it is a significant concept in Mahayana Buddhism, it is also used in the Theravada tradition.

## The Buddha

The Buddha referred to himself as the Tathāgata, which can mean either "One who has thus come" or "One who has thus gone", and can also be interpreted as "One who has arrived at suchness".

## Theravada Buddhism

In Theravada, this term designates the nature of existence (bhāva), the truth which applies to things. According to the Kathavatthu, tathātā is not an unconditioned or un-constructed (asankhata) phenomenon. The only phenomenon which is un-constructed in Theravada is Nibbana.
According to Buddhadasa Bhikkhu, tathātā is merely the way things are, the truth of all things: "When tathātā is seen, the three characteristics of anicca [impermanence], dukkha [suffering], and anatta [not-self] are seen, sunnata [emptiness] is seen, and idappaccayata [specific conditionality] is seen. Tathātā is the summary of them all – merely thus, only thus, not-otherness."

## Mahayana Buddhism

Tathatā in the East Asian Mahayana tradition is seen as representing the base reality and can be used to terminate the use of words. A 5th-century Chinese Mahayana scripture entitled Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana describes the concept more fully:
   In its very origin suchness is of itself endowed with sublime attributes. It manifests the highest wisdom which shines throughout the world, it has true knowledge and a mind resting simply in its own being. It is eternal, blissful, its own self-being and the purest simplicity; it is invigorating, immutable, free... Because it possesses all these attributes and is deprived of nothing, it is designated both as the Womb of Tathagata and the Dharma Body of Tathagata.
R. H. Robinson, echoing D. T. Suzuki, conveys how the Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra perceives dharmata through the portal of śūnyatā: "The Laṅkāvatāra is always careful to balance Śūnyatā with Tathatā, or to insist that when the world is viewed as śūnya, empty, it is grasped in its suchness."

### Madhyamaka

In the Madhyamaka Mahayana tradition, Tathātā is an uncompounded permanent phenomenon, (as is Nirvana – in Madhyamaka, not being products, all absences are uncompounded and permanent – not everlasting, but not subject to decay and dissolution). Tathātā is the natural absence of intrinsic/inherent existence or nature. It is a natural absence, because intrinsic existence (or the equivalent synonyms) is a fiction, or a non-existent: Intrinsic existence is the faulty object of an ignorant consciousness. All fictions, being fictions, are naturally absent. So, because of this, the fiction of inherent existence is absent from all phenomena, and that absence is Tathātā.
# Mary Wandesford

Mary Wandesford (1655–1726) was a devout religious unmarried woman, who was noted for creating an Anglican vocation for women similar to herself. The vocation still stands today.

## Background

Mary was born as the eldest daughter of five children, of Sir Christopher Wandesford, 1st Baronet Wandesford of Kirklington, and his wife Eleanor Lowther, the daughter of Sir John Lowther of Lowther Hall. They derived most of their wealth from coal mines in their Estate at Castlecomer in Ireland. Mary's brother, George Wandesford, was made Viscount Castlecomer in 1707. She was baptized in the church at Kirklington on 23 June 1655.
To pursue her religion, Mary Wandesford moved from her family's estate in rural Yorkshire to the city of York. There, she rented lodgings in a cathedral close and associated herself with the religious sphere. This included her expenditures in service to the church. One offering still notable today are the black gilded iron gates of the York cathedral.

## Wandesford House

She is known for the Wandesford House, a charity. Wandesford had never married and in her will, dated 4 November, 1725, left funds for the creation of a "religious house of Protestant retirement" in York for ten poor unmarried woman, thereby creating a religious community for single women. It was the norm during the time, though not a law, that siblings inherited. However, as a single woman, Wandesford exercised her freedom in her will. It was also notable because of the lack of religious vocationals available, especially for Anglican women, a circumstance she tried to change by her own means through her will. She bequeathed sizeable properties in Brompton on Swale, with a mortgage worth up to £1,200 and an additional £1,200 in South Sea Company Stocks and annuities, profits of which were not only used for the endowment of the institution, but also to pay for a schoolmaster to teach poor children at Kirklington. It was also her wish that at her funeral, "six of the poorest unmarried women in Kirklington may have white vales from head to foot prepared for them and white gloves, and carry [her] corps into the church...Let the white vales be such cloth as will do them service hereafter."
# 1934 Spanish Grand Prix

The 1934 Spanish Grand Prix (formally the IX Gran Premio de España) was a Grand Prix motor race, which was run on 23 September 1934 in Lasarte, Spain. The race lasted 519.45 km (17.32 km x 30 laps). It was the 9th running of the Spanish Grand Prix.

## Starting grid (3x3)

| Grid | No | Driver | Car | Note |
| 1 | 2 | Rudolf Caracciola | Mercedes-Benz W25 | |
| 2 | 4 | Jean-Pierre Wimille | Bugatti T59 | |
| 3 | 6 | Hans Stuck | Auto Union A | |
| 4 | 8 | Achille Varzi | Alfa Romeo Tipo-B P3 | |
| 5 | 10 | Luigi Soffietti | Alfa Romeo Monza | |
| 6 | 12 | Tazio Nuvolari | Bugatti T59 | |
| 7 | 14 | René Dreyfus | Bugatti T59 | |
| 8 | 16 | Louis Chiron | Alfa Romeo Tipo-B P3 | |
| 9 | 18 | Luigi Fagioli | Mercedes-Benz W25A | |
| 10 | 20 | Marcel Lehoux | Maserati 8CM | |
| 11 | 22 | Hermann zu Leiningen | Auto Union A | |
| 12 | 24 | Robert Brunet | Maserati | |
| 13 | 26 | Benoit Falchetto | Maserati | |
| 14 | 28 | Antonio Brivio | Bugatti T59 | |
| DNS | 22 | Tazio Nuvolari | Auto Union A | Testing |
| DNS | 30 | Eugen Bjørnstad | Alfa Romeo Monza | Car too heavy |
| DNS | | Ernst Henne | Mercedes-Benz W25A | Reserve, practiced |

## Classification

| Pos | No | Driver | Car | Laps | Time/Retire |
| 1 | 18 | Luigi Fagioli | Mercedes-Benz W25A | 30 | 3:19:41.6 |
| 2 | 2 | Rudolf Caracciola | Mercedes-Benz W25A | 30 | +43.8 |
| 3 | 12 | Tazio Nuvolari | Bugatti T59 | 30 | +1:07.4 |
| SHR | 22 | Hermann zu Leiningen | Auto Union A | 30 | +1:22.4 |
| SHR | 22 | Hans Stuck | Auto Union A | 30 | +1:22.4 |
| 5 | 8 | Achille Varzi | Alfa Romeo Tipo-B P3 | 30 | +2:08.5 |
| 6 | 4 | Jean-Pierre Wimille | Bugatti T59 | 29 | +1 lap |
| 7 | 14 | René Dreyfus | Bugatti T59 | 29 | +1 lap |
| 8 | 20 | Marcel Lehoux | Maserati 8CM | 29 | +1 lap |
| 9 | 10 | Luigi Soffietti | Alfa Romeo Monza | 29 | +1 lap |
| SHR | 16 | Louis Chiron | Alfa Romeo Tipo-B P3 | 29 | +1 lap |
| SHR | 16 | Gianfranco Comotti | Alfa Romeo Tipo-B P3 | 29 | +1 lap |
| 11 | 28 | Antonio Brivio | Bugatti T59 | 28 | +2 laps |
| Ret | 24 | Robert Brunet | Maserati | 25 | Crash |
| Ret | 26 | Benoit Falchetto | Maserati | 23 | Not classified |
| Ret | 6 | Hans Stuck | Auto Union A | 3 | Oil pipe |
Fastest Lap: Hans Stuck (Auto Union A), 6:20.0
Source:
# Neer impingement test

The Neer impingement test is a test designed to reproduce symptoms of rotator cuff impingement through flexing the shoulder and pressure application. Symptoms should be reproduced if there is a problem with the supraspinatus or biceps brachii. This test is also associated with the Hawkins-Kennedy Test and Jobe's Test.

## Procedure

The patient is asked to sit on the examination table or to stand next to it with arms in internal rotation. Examiner should stand on the side which is being tested. Examiner will place one hand on the patient's scapula, and the other hand on the patient's arm below the elbow. The examiner will passively flex the shoulder forward.

## Mechanism

When performing the Neer impingement test, the elbow should be extended, humerus in internal rotation and the forearm pronated. When the examiner is passively flexing the arm forward, it is causing compression of the structures between the greater tuberosity, inferior acromion process and the acromioclavicular joint.

## Results

A positive test is indicated by pain in the anterior or lateral shoulder when in full flexion. It is indicative of problems involving the supraspinatus and the long head of the biceps brachii tendons. The examiner needs to be aware of a false positive test which is due to the patient having limited forward flexion.

## History

The Neer impingement test was created by orthopedic surgeon Charles S. Neer, II, MD, in 1972, based on what he observed as he performed shoulder operations. He noted that there was a significant degeneration in the supraspinatus tendon. He found that when the arm was in flexion and internal rotation it compressed on the tendons under the acromioclavicular joint. Therefore, he created this test to reproduce the symptoms looking for an impingement in that area.
# Witches of Anaga

The Witches of Anaga were (according to popular belief) women who were devoted to covens in the mountainous area of Anaga in the northeast of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).
These rituals were held in an area in the mountains of Anaga in the dorsal between San Andrés and Taganana. The area is called "El Bailadero", which refers to the dances performed by witches around a bonfire. It was believed that after the covens, witches came down to the coast to swim naked. With the passage of time, due to the influence of vampire stories in Eastern Europe, this led to the myth that witches incorporated the aspect of drinking blood, thus making them witch-vampires; typically tales were created that these witches sucked the blood of newborns as they slept in their cribs.
There is also a theory that the origin of this legend was from pagan rituals associated with rituals that celebrated guanches rain; these rituals were considered as an act of witchcraft by the Catholic Church.
# Henry Tenison

Henry Tenison (1667–1709) was an Irish M.P.
The eldest son of Richard Tenison of Carrickfergus, Bishop of Meath and his wife Anne, he represented County Monaghan in the Irish House of Commons from 1695 to 1699, and thereafter represented County Louth from 1703 until his death.
He was educated at Trinity College Dublin and the Middle Temple. A man of scholarly tastes, he was a college friend of Jonathan Swift. Later, for a few years, he formed part of the intellectual circle which grew up around Esther Johnson, Swift's beloved Stella.
He was an active and dedicated Parliamentarian, supporting measures on social and moral reform, to strengthen the Church of Ireland, and to suppress the Roman Catholic faith. He worked hard to secure the passage of the Popery Act 1703, which was widely regarded as an attempt to eliminate the Catholic landowning class completely, and was consequently subject to fierce attacks by prominent members of that class like Sir Theobald Butler.
He married Anne Moore (died 1798), daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Moore of Knockballymore, County Fermanagh, a cousin of the Earl of Drogheda, and had four children, including Thomas Tennison, judge of the Court of Common Pleas (Ireland) and Mary, who married Nicholas Coddington of Oldbridge, County Meath, and had with other issue Dixie Coddington MP. After his own and his wife's early deaths, his children were evidently raised by his brother Richard Tennison. He lived at Dillonstown, County Louth.
# 2023 Champion versus Champion

The 2023 Champion versus Champion was the 30th edition of the Champion versus Champion tournament. The tournament consisted of the winner of the 2022 Fiji Premier League and the 2022 Digicel FA Cup Tournament. Suva won the tournament on aggregate 2–1.

## Teams

Two teams participated in the tournament.
| Team | Location |
| Suva | Suva |
| Rewa | Nausori |

## Format

The format was a two-leg aggregate match between the two teams.
# Gardaneh-ye Jenjan

Gardaneh-ye Jenjan (Persian: گردنه جنجان, also Romanized as Gardaneh-ye Jenjān; also known as Jenjān, Jinjūn, and Lenjūn) is a village in Fahlian Rural District, in the Central District of Mamasani County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 39, in 8 families.
# Minister of Foreign Affairs (Guinea-Bissau)

This is a list of foreign ministers of Guinea-Bissau.
* 1973–1982: Victor Saúde Maria
* 1982–1983: Samba Lamine Mané
* 1983–1984: Fidélis Cabral d'Almada
* 1984–1992: Júlio Semedo
* 1992–1995: Bernardino Cardoso
* 1995–1996: Ansumane Mané
* 1996–1999: Fernando Delfim da Silva
* 1999............ Hilia Barber
* 1999–2000: José Pereira Baptista
* 2000–2001: Mamadú Iaia Djaló
* 2001............ Faustino Imbali
* 2001............ Antonieta Rosa Gomes
* 2001............ Malam Mané
* 2001–2002: Filomena Mascarenhas Tipote
* 2002–2003: Joãozinho Vieira Có
* 2003............ Fatumata Djau Baldé
* 2003–2004: João José Monteiro
* 2004–2005: Soares Sambú
* 2005–2007: António Isaac Monteiro
* 2007–2009: Maria da Conceição Nobre Cabral
* 2009............ Adiato Djaló Nandigna
* 2009–2011: Adelino Mano Quetá
* 2011–2012: Mamadu Saliu Djaló Pires
* 2012–2013: Faustino Imbali
* 2013–2014: Fernando Delfim da Silva
* 2014–2015: Mário Lopes da Rosa
* 2015............ Rui Dia de Sousa
* 2015–2016: Artur Silva
* 2016–2016: Soares Sambú
* 2016–2018: Jorge Malú
* 2018–2019: João Ribeiro Butiam Có
* 2019–2020: Suzi Barbosa
* 2019............ Aristides Ocante Da Silva
* 2020............ Ruth Monteiro
* 2020–2023: Suzi Barbosa
* 2023–present: Carlos Pinto Pereira

## Sources

* Rulers.org – Foreign ministers E–K
# Marie Purvis

Marie Purvis (born 24 September 1961), now known as Marie Morgan, is an English former racing cyclist who represented Great Britain at the 1992 and 1996 Summer Olympics. She won the British National Road Race Championships on five occasions.
Purvis had excelled as a runner in her school years, scoring a top 15 finish in the English Schools National Cross-Country Championship, but gave up the sport after suffering a serious calf injury at the age of 19.
She subsequently married John Purvis, a Manx cyclist who had finished fourth in the road race at the 1978 Commonwealth Games. Marie initially took up cycling at the age of 26 to improve her fitness, but soon progressed into competition, twice breaking the Isle of Man women's 10-mile time trial record in 1988. She was selected to represent the Isle of Man at the 1990 Commonwealth Games, and in the same year won her first British Road Racing title - she dominated the event in the first half of the 1990s, winning five out of six editions of the national championships from 1990 to 1995, taking her final title in 1995 on the Isle of Man. She finished fourth in the road race at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.
She became the first British rider to win a stage of the modern Tour de France Féminin since its establishment in 1984 when she won a stage of the 1993 race, following it up with another stage win in the 1995 edition.
Purvis set a new British hour record at Manchester Velodrome on 10 March 1995, beating Mandy Jones' previous mark set in 1981 by over two kilometres.
She scored her best result at the Olympics in the 1996 Games road race, when she finished 11th. She retired from international competition the same year.
In 2001, she returned to her roots in athletics when she won gold in the half-marathon at the 2001 Island Games.
# Carlos Bernegger

Juan Carlos Bernegger (born 9 March 1969) is an Argentine-Swiss football manager and a former player who played as a midfielder.

## Managerial career

Bernegger had a brief career in football with Belgrano in Argentina and then Winterthur in Switzerland, but had to retire because of ligament injuries in 1993 at the age of 21. Bernegger decided to stay in Switzerland, and made his name as a youth scout and youth coach for Winterthur. Bernegger became long-term youth coach for Grasshopper, and after a couple stints at Basel U21 and Luzern rejoined Grasshopper as the head manager in 2016.
On 4 May 2022, FC Thun announced that Bernegger will leave the club at the end of the 2021–22 season.

## Personal life

Bernegger's grandparents emigrated from St. Gallen, Switzerland to Argentina after World War II.
# The Steel Wheels

The Steel Wheels are an Americana roots and folk-rock band based in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. Their current lineup includes Trent Wagler, Eric Brubaker, Jay Lapp, Kevin Garcia, and Jeremy Darrow. Since 2012, they have hosted the Red Wing Roots Music Festival, held each summer at Natural Chimneys Park and Campground in Mt. Solon, Virginia. The band’s most recent full-length release is their 2024 album Sideways.

## Biography

The band’s origins date back to 2005, when former Eastern Mennonite University students Trent Wagler, Eric Brubaker, Jay Lapp, and Brian Dickel began performing together. Originally a traditional string band showcasing original folk material penned by Wagler, The Steel Wheels have since expanded their sonic palette to include elements of bluegrass, gospel, blues, pop, country, and rock. In 2017, Kevin Garcia joined the band on drums and percussion. Later, Jeremy Darrow replaced bassist Brian Dickel, who departed to become a co-owner of Huss & Dalton Guitars in Staunton, VA.

## Red Wing Roots Music Festival

Since 2012, The Steel Wheels have hosted the Red Wing Roots Music Festival at Natural Chimneys Park in Mt. Solon, Virginia. The festival is well-regarded for its diverse lineup of Americana artists and its family-friendly atmosphere. Notable acts that have performed at Red Wing Roots include Old Crow Medicine Show, Robert Randolph, The Mavericks, Sarah Jarosz, Lucinda Williams, Steve Earle & the Dukes, The Del McCoury Band, Preservation Hall Jazz Band, The Punch Brothers, Lake Street Dive, and Dawes.

## Current Line-up

* Trent Wagler – Lead vocalist, mountain banjo player, guitarist, songwriter
* Jay Lapp – Mandolin, guitar, electric guitar, vocals
* Eric Brubaker – Fiddle, vocals
* Kevin Joaquin Garcia – Drums, hand percussion, keyboards, vocals
* Jeremy Darrow – Bass, vocals

## Discography
### Studio Albums

* Journal of a Barefoot Soldier (2005)
* Blue Heaven (2006)
* Adrienna Valentine (2008)
* Red Wing (2010)
* Uncloudy Day (2010)
* Lay Down, Lay Low (2012)
* No More Rain (2013)
* Leave Some Things Behind (2015)
* Wild as We Came Here (2017)
* Over the Trees (2019)
* Everyone a Song Volume One (2020)
* Everyone a Song Volume Two (2021)
* Sideways (2024)

### Live albums

* The Steel Wheels, Live at Goose Creek (2011)
* The Steel Wheels, Live at The Station Inn Volume I (2018)
* The Steel Wheels, Live at The Jefferson Theater Volume II (2018)
# Jan Machulski

Jan Henryk Machulski (3 July 1928 – 20 November 2008) was a Polish theater director, as well as a film and theatrical actor. He appeared in more than 45 film roles and 70 theater roles throughout his career.

## Personal life

Machulski was born in Łódź, Poland, on 3 July 1928. He was a graduate of the National Film School in Łódź and the Polish National Acting School.
Machulski was married to Polish actress, Halina Machulska. He was the father of Polish film director Juliusz Machulski.

## Career

Machulski pursued a successful dual career in theater directing, as well as acting.
As a theater director, Machulski production credits included the Polish language adaptations of Sen nocy letniej (Midsummer Night's Dream), Antigone (Antygona) and Hamlet. He also produced and directed two of his own original plays, Niebezpieczne zabawy (Dangerous Games) and Lek (Anxiety).
As an actor, Machulski appeared in approximately 70 theatre and 45 film roles over the span of his career. Some of his most noted roles included Rzeczpospolita babska (Womanish Republic), Sublokator (Lodger) and Psy (Dogs), Ostatni dzień lata (The Last Summer's Day), Rękopis znaleziony w Saragossie (A Manuscript Found in Saragossa) and Lalka (Doll).
Machulski appeared in a number of television shows and plays specifically for children. He appeared in the popular children's television series, Przygody Pana Samochodzika (Mr. Car Adventures) and in Podroz za jeden usmiech (A Trip for a Smile). He also played the main character in Wyspa Złoczyncow (Thieves Island).
Machulski and his son, director Juliusz Machulski, collaborated and worked together on several different films. Their first collaboration occurred in 1981 when he appeared in the film, Vabank, which was directed by Juliusz Machulski. Machulski went on to star in several of his son's other films, including Kingsajz (Kingsize), Deja vu, Kiler (Killer) and Vinci.
Machulski served as the dean of the National Film School Acting Faculty for many years. He was a recipient of the Polish Golden Order of Merit.

## Death

Jan Machulski died of a heart attack in Warsaw, Poland, on 20 November 2008, at the age of 80.
# Garmanjan

Garmanjan (Persian: گرمنجان, Romanized as Garmanjān; also known as Garamenjān) is a village in the Dehqanan Rural District, in the Central District of Kharameh County, in Fars province, Iran. For the census of 2006, the population was 379, in 108 families.