OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ludovic Steege

Ludovic Steege (September 6, 1813–March 28, 1872) was a Moldavian, later Romanian physician, diplomat, judge and politician.
Born in Bucharest, Steege's father was a Transylvanian Saxon pharmacist who settled there. The father was from Kronstadt (Brașov), with family from there and from Mediasch (Mediaș); his mother was born to an Austrian nobleman. Steege studied at Munich and Paris. In 1839, he took an undergraduate law degree and a medical doctorate from the University of Paris. Leaving Western Europe in 1841, he moved to Iași, where he practiced medicine. From 1853 to 1858, he organized the city's medical system. He became a naturalized citizen in 1855.
A liberal supporter of the Union of the Principalities, Steege held a number of offices during the reign of Alexandru Ion Cuza. In early 1859, he was appointed to the Danube Commission. Soon after, he was sent to Berlin in order to obtain approval for the double election of Cuza as prince. In March-April of that year, he was Public Works Minister in the Moldavian government of Ion Ghica. He sat on the Focșani Central Commission, and in 1862 was named to the High Court of Cassation and Justice. From October 1863 to January 1865, he was Finance Minister under Mihail Kogălniceanu.
Following Cuza's overthrow in 1866, he joined two delegations. The first went to Paris to argue in favor of bringing a foreign prince to the throne. The second went to Düsseldorf, where it informed Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen that he had been elected by plebiscite. From August to October 1867, he was again Finance Minister, under Ștefan Golescu. The following April, he was re-appointed to the High Court. Between 1868 and 1871, he served as diplomatic agent at Vienna, Saint Petersburg and Berlin. He died in Iași.
# Richard DeWall

Richard A. DeWall (1926–2016), was an American cardiothoracic surgeon who in 1955 created the first workable, portable bubble oxygenator that removed bubbles, thus avoiding gas embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. Later, he wrote the original plans for what became the Wright State University School of Medicine.

## Early life and education

Richard Alison DeWall was born on 16 December 1926 to Grace Gardner and Herman Harvey DeWall in Appleton, Minnesota. After serving in the U.S. Navy until October 1945, he graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1949 and subsequently gained his MD in 1953.

## Career

John Gibbon had invented the heart-lung bypass machine and performed the first repair of the heart from the inside of the heart, using extracorporal perfusion in 1953. In 1955, John W. Kirklin, who was a surgeon also researching heart-lung machines, was successful in using Gibbon’s modified heart-lung machine via a pump-oxygenator. Soon C. Walton Lillehei, who worked nearby, abandoned his technique of cross-circulation via a parent as a method of diverting blood through an external circuit. Gaining experience of the heart-lung machine while taking care of the procedure during anaesthetists breaks and challenged by Lillehei to find a solution to the undesired bubbles, DeWall became interested in the problems connected with oxygenating blood and in 1955, developed the first bubble oxygenator that removed bubbles, thus avoiding gas embolism. Silicon antifoam and Mayon polyethylene tubing were two important components of this Lillehei-DeWall bubble oxygenator. 350 open-heart operations were performed at the University of Minnesota within the following two years.
DeWall founded the first open heart surgery programme at Kettering Hospital and later became the director of the general surgery residency-training programme there, which he established.

## Death and legacy

DeWall died at his home 15 August 2016.
In 2018 he was posthumously inducted into the Dayton Region's Walk of Fame. A replica of his first oxygenator is on display at the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution.

## Selected publications

* "Cardiovascular Inventiveness Within the University of Minnesota Department of Surgery", The Annals of Thoracic Medicine (June 2005), Vol. 79, Issue 6, pp. 2214–2216, doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.03.030
* "Origins of open heart surgery at the University of Minnesota 1951 to 1956", The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (August 2011), Vol. 142, Issue 2, pp. 267–269, doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.04.021
* "The Evolution of the Helical Reservoir Pump-Oxygenator System at the University of Minnesota", The Annals of Thoracic Medicine. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. (2003). doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.09.007
# Anthony McGuin Rankin

Anthony McGuin Rankin (October 26, 1873 – June 21, 1927) was a farmer, miller, and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Frontenac in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1911 to 1926 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Collins Bay, the son of David J. Rankin and Eliza J. Purdy, and was educated in Kingston. In 1901, Rankin married Jean Euris. He was reeve of Kingston township for four years. He died in 1927.
# Andre Phillips

André Lamar Phillips (born September 5, 1959) is a retired American track and field athlete who is best known for winning the 400 metres hurdles gold medal at the 1988 Olympic Games.
Phillips spent most of his career in the shadow of his idol, Edwin Moses, frequently as runner up during Moses' unequaled winning streak. He managed to beat him once, at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul. In 1983, Phillips finished fifth in the 400 m hurdles at the inaugural World Athletics Championships. In 1985, in absence of Moses, Phillips won his only US National Championship title, and also won the IAAF World Cup. In 1988, Phillips lost to Moses at the Olympic trials, but showed a good pace at Olympics, winning his heat and semifinal. In the final, Phillips ran his personal best 47.19 to win a gold medal, beating second-place Amadou Dia Ba from Senegal by 0.04 seconds. At the time he was the second fastest individual over the hurdles. The two times currently still rank them as the #10 and #11 performers of all time. Although Moses ran his fastest Olympic final, he finished only third in a time of 47.56. It was the final race of Moses' career.
In 2009, Phillips was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame.
Phillips attended at University of California, Los Angeles, and won the 400 m hurdles at the NCAA championships in 1981. Prior to that, he attended Silver Creek High School in San Jose, California, where he won the CIF California State Meet in the 330-yard low hurdles in 1977. in 36.43. He continues to hold the 330-yard low hurdle record at Silver Creek at 37.1 sec. He joins 1976 4x100 meter relay Gold medalist, and individual 200 meters Silver medalist Millard Hampton, in one of the rare instances (the school claims only eight exist) of two unrelated Olympic Gold Medalists coming from the same high school. Silver Creek continues to host the "Hampton Phillips Classic" named in their honor.
Phillips is a former teacher at Stagg High School, a former Assistant Principal at Franklin High School, and is now the current Principal at Stagg High School in Stockton, California. Phillips earned his educational doctorate (Ed.D.) at Concordia University Irvine.
# Rodrigo Vázquez

Rodrigo Vázquez was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Auxiliary Bishop of Massa Marittima (1551–1562?).

## Biography

On 18 February 1551, Rodrigo Vázquez was appointed during the papacy of Pope Julius III as Auxiliary Bishop of Massa Marittima and Titular Bishop of Troas. In 1551, he was consecrated bishop by Giovanni Giacomo Barba, Bishop of Teramo. While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Melchor Cano, Bishop of Islas Canarias (1553); and Francisco Delgado López (bishop), Bishop of Lugo (1562).
# Proposition 31

Proposition 31 is a 1968 novel written by Robert Rimmer that tells the story of two middle-class, suburban California couples who adopt a relationship structure of polyfidelity to deal with their multiple infidelities, as a rationalistic alternative to divorce. The novel is presented as a case study by a psychologist supporting a fictional "Proposition 31" that would amend the California Constitution to recognize non-monogamous relationships. In the book, the solution to the couples' problems with adultery and the impregnation of one couple's wife by the other couple's husband is to commit to a group marriage to raise their five children in a home compound in which the husbands rotate among the wives. The book is a plea to pass this proposed proposition to offer a sane alternative to divorce.
# Shira (novel)

Shira (Hebrew: שירה) is a 1971 posthumously-published unfinished Hebrew-language novel by Shmuel Yosef Agnon first serialized in Haaretz between 1948 and 1966, his longest novel at 558 pages and the last one he wrote. It was published by Schocken Books and edited by his daughter Emuna Yaron [he], who also wrote the afterword, and is widely considered one of the greatest Israeli novels.

## Synopsis

Set in Jerusalem in the 1930s and 1940s, the story follows Dr. Manfred Herbst, a middle-aged German-Jewish lecturer of Byzantine history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem who suffers from boredom and spends his days prowling the streets searching for Shira, the beguiling nurse he met when his wife, Henrietta, was giving birth to their third child. Against the background of 1930s Jerusalem and the 1936–1939 Arab riots, Dr. Herbst wages war against the encroachment of age.
# That Uncertain Feeling (novel)

That Uncertain Feeling is a comic novel by Kingsley Amis, first published in 1955.
In 1961, the book was made into a film starring Peter Sellers, with the title changed to Only Two Can Play, to avoid confusion with similar contemporary titles. It was also adapted by the BBC in 1986 as a television series, starring Denis Lawson and Sheila Gish, this time with the original title.

## Plot

A satire on life and culture in a Welsh seaside town, the story concerns a married librarian who begins an affair with the bored wife of a local bigwig. Amis, an English incomer to Swansea in real life, mocks Wales's devotion to culture and learning as false and pretentious. In The Old Devils, one of the central characters, the writer Alun Weaver, is portrayed as a "stage-Taffy"; Weaver is the memoirist of a fictional Welsh poet based loosely on Dylan Thomas.
# Pedro Ponce de Léon (bishop of Zamora)

Pedro Ponce de Léon, O.P. (born 1561) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Zamora (1610–1615) and Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo (1605–1610).

## Biography

Pedro Ponce de Léon was born in Córdoba, Spain in 1561 and ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 31 August 1605, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo. On 30 October 1605, he was consecrated bishop by Luis Fernández de Córdoba, Bishop of Salamanca, with Fernando Suárez de Figueroa, Bishop of Zamora, and Salvador Ribera Avalos, Bishop of Quito, serving as co-consecrators. On 29 March 1610, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Zamora. He served as Bishop of Zamora until his resignation in 1615.
# Laurie Wayburn

Laurie Andrea Wayburn (born September 27, 1954) is an American author and conservationist. She was born to Peggy Wayburn and Edgar Wayburn on September 28, 1954. Wayburn is a direct descendant of Rabbi Jacob Voorsanger, a prominent early Jewish leader in San Francisco and rabbi of Congregation Emanu-El. She transferred to Harvard University after a year at the University of California, Davis, and later graduated from Harvard University. She was the executive director of Point Reyes Bird Observatory from 1989 to 1991. She is the president and co-founder of Pacific Forest Trust. She received a James Irvine Foundation Leadership Award and a Kingsbury Browne Conservation Leadership Award in 2008.
# Tryin' to Love Two

"Tryin' to Love Two" was a hit song by R&B singer William Bell in 1977. Released from his album, Coming Back for More, it would become his biggest hit, reaching number one on the R&B charts and crossing over to the pop charts, reaching number ten on the Billboard Hot 100. It would eventually sell over a million singles. The single was written and produced by William Bell and Paul Mitchell and was the first song recorded by Bell after a three-year hiatus from recording.
# El Paso Herald-Post

The El Paso Herald-Post was an afternoon daily newspaper in El Paso, Texas, United States. It was the successor to the El Paso Herald, first published in 1881, and the El Paso Post, founded by the E. W. Scripps Company in 1922. The papers merged in 1931 under Scripps ownership.
The Herald-Post was nominated for two Pulitzer Prizes in 1987 for a story about a Mexican drug lord and for its literacy campaign. It later launched the El Paso area's first online news site in 1996. When the Scripps-Howard newspaper chain shut the paper down in 1997, it cited a substantial decline in circulation, similar to that experienced by other afternoon newspapers in the U.S. at the time.
On August 24, 2015, a former local news employee revived the El Paso Herald-Post brand by launching a website with the same name. However, the online-only publication has no affiliation with the former newspaper.
# Mochan (lake)

Mochan (Russian: Мочан) is a salt lake in Bagansky District, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russian Federation.
The lake is located at the southwestern end of the Oblast. The nearest inhabited places are Savkino 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) to the southeast, Stretynka 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) to the northwest and Voskresenka 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) to the southwest. Bagan, the district capital, lies 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) to the northwest of the northern lakeshore.

## Geography

Mochan lies in the Baraba Lowland, West Siberian Plain. It is part of the Bagan river basin. The lake is very shallow and has an angelfish shape, stretching from north to south for over 5 kilometers (3.1 mi). At the northern end there is a 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) long channel connecting the lake with the Bagan to the north. During spring floods Mochan fills with river water, but it is so shallow that it dries out before the summer, becoming a salt marsh.

## Flora and fauna

By mid summer the surface of the lake bottom hardens and in the southern part there are islets where thickets of halophyte plants grow, some of which display a striking purple coloration.
* Mochan in the late dry season with purple vegetation.
# Valeriana (archaeological site)

Valeriana is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche in the tropical rainforest jungle near its eastern border with the state of Quintana Roo. Its discovery was announced in October 2024, and the site was named after an adjacent lake.

## Description

The city layout pattern and architecture of Valeriana matches that of the Chactún-Tamchen area to the southeast of the site. The city contains multiple plazas, temple pyramids, a ballgame court, and a dammed reservoir. All these elements are indicative of a Mayan political capital. Researchers estimate that the site contains more than 6,500 structures. The site covers approximately 120 square kilometres (47 sq mi).
Particular architectural features known as an "E-Group assemblage" indicate the founding date as being earlier than 150 AD (in the Late Preclassic period), and the city probably flourished during the Classic period of Maya civilization (c. 250 – c. 900 AD). The researchers consider the density of building clusters in Valeriana to be second only to Calakmul. They estimate a human population of between 30,000 and 50,000 during the cultural peak of the city, from 750 to 850 AD. Additionally, researchers believe that Valeriana's social structure and urban density may indicate a highly diverse, organised society in which its residents regularly interacted with their rural neighbours.

## Discovery

Researchers have known since the 1970s that the area around Xpujil was densely populated and engineered during the Classic period of Maya civilization, yet archaeological examinations of the area have been scarce due to the density of the forest.
The discovery of Valeriana was made by researchers from Northern Arizona University, Tulane University, the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping at the University of Houston, and Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH). Lidar data was used because Lidar produces high resolution terrain data through forest cover, and the technology has been used to discover other unknown Maya sites in the past. However, it being expensive, these researchers used preexisting Lidar data from a 2013 forest monitoring project by the Mexican branch of The Nature Conservancy. The researchers plan further fieldwork, describing the ruins as "hidden in plain sight" only a 15-minute walk from Federal Highway 186 near Xpujil and cultivated farmland.
The researchers named the site "Valeriana", after a nearby lake named Laguna la Valeriana.
# Leila Crerar

Leila Crerar is a Welsh actress born in Powys Mid Wales and trained at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama attaining her bachelor's degree.

## Acting career

Crerar played Amanda for 3 years in the BBC Wales Drama Series Belonging, directed by Euros Lyn and Rhys Powys among others. Other television work includes Megan in Doctors. She played the lead role, Gwen, in the feature film Two Way Journey. She appeared in the fourth series of Torchwood aired in 2011 under the title Torchwood: Miracle Day and set both in Wales and the United States. She played Stella in Casualty (TV series) a guest lead opposite Danny Dyer and Abi Titmuss and Hannah in EastEnders alongside Charlie Brooks. Recent TV includes HIM for ITV, and Joyce in the 4th Series of Mr Selfridge for ITV.
Natasha in Three Sisters BBC Radio 3 directed by Alison Hindell
For the stage she has played: Sylvia with Steven Berkoff in the premiere of Berkoff's play Sit and Shiver, Cressida in Terry Hands' production of Troilus and Cressida, at Clwyd Theatr Cymru, Mold, Emma, in Jane Austen's Emma directed by John Adams at the Haymarket Theatre, the northern stage premiere of Tom Stoppard's Rock 'n' Roll at the Library Theatre, Manchester, alongside Hilton McRae and Graham Awly, Emilia in Frantic Assembly's award-winning Othello at the Lyric Theatre Hammersmith, with Jimmy Akingbola as Othello, Christina in Headlong theatre company's much acclaimed autumn production Decade directed by Rupert Goold, at St Katharine Docks. In 2012 she played Portia in Merchant of Venice directed by Natalie Abrahami. In 2013 she was scheduled to play Lady Macbeth at the Tron Theatre Glasgow, and Perth, directed by Rachel O'Riordan. Toured with Frantic Assembly playing Emilia in 2015 restaged Othello and then played the Lyric Theatre Hammersmith. Recently played Nora in A Dolls House directed by Rachel O'Riordan.
Crerar is an active member of The Factory Theatre Company. Other Factory members include Alex Hassell, Catherine Bailey, Alan Morrissey, John Hopkins and Laura Rees. She is also a joint founder of the physical theatre company The Likes Of Us along with Kate Webster and Lyndsey Marshal, performing in productions at the Roundhouse, Chalk Farm, London and the Arcola Theatre, Hackney, London. She is also a member of Baz Productions, whose director is Sarah Bedi. In 2013 she performed in Prophesy, an Arts Council England-funded production devised by the company.
# Wang Dingguo

Wang Dingguo (Chinese: 王定国; 4 February 1912 – 9 June 2020) was a Chinese Red Army veteran and politician. She was the wife of Xie Juezai, president of the Supreme People's Court.

## Biography

Wang was born Wang Yixiang (王乙香) into a family of farming background in Yingshan County, Sichuan, on February 4, 1912. She took part in revolutionary activities in 1926. Sold into bridal slavery at age 15, she ran away at age 20 and joined the Chinese Communist Party. She joined the Chinese Red Army in October 1933 and joined the CCP in December 1933. She completed the Long March in October 1936. She was a member of a theatrical troupe, she did agitprop and makeup, as well as taking up arms during battles.
After the founding of the Communist State, Wang worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs as a secretary. In 1959, she was transferred to the Supreme People's Court. In 1964, she was transferred again to the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, working as secretary to her husband.
Wang died of an illness in Beijing, on June 9, 2020, aged 108.

## Personal life

Wang met Xie Juezai in July 1937 and married him in September 1937. The couple had five sons and two daughters. Her second son, Xie Fei, is a well-known film director.
# Brachygobius xanthomelas

Brachygobius xanthomelas is a species of goby from the subfamily Gobionellinae which occurs in Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and on the island of Borneo. It is a little known species which occurs in the aquarium trade.
# Balantak language

Balantak is an Austronesian language spoken at the head of the eastern peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is classified as a member of the Saluan-Banggai branch of the Celebic subgroup. The Balantak language is the primary language of the Balantak people. Although 90% of the population are also proficient in Indonesian, the vernacular is still vigorously used in everyday contexts, and most children only speak Balantak before entering school.

## Phonology

Balantak has the following phoneme inventory:
Consonants :
| | | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | Nasal | m | n | | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ ⟨c⟩ | k | ʔ ⟨'⟩ |
| Plosive | voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ ⟨j⟩ | g | |
| Fricative | Fricative | | s | | | h |
| Lateral | Lateral | | l | | | |
| Trill | Trill | | r | | | |
| Approximant | Approximant | w | | j ⟨y⟩ | | |
* 1 2 3 Only occur in loanwords
Vowels :
| | Front | Central | Back |
| High | i | | u |
| Mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | | ɔ ⟨o⟩ |
| Low | | a | |
Sequences of like vowels are phonetically realized as long vowels, e.g. toop [tɔ:p] 'cigarette', nuur [nu:r] 'coconut'.
# Rupert Pennefather

Rupert Pennefather (born 7 May 1981) is a former principal dancer of the Royal Ballet Company. He joined the company in 1999 and was promoted to principal status alongside his pas-de-deux partner Lauren Cuthbertson in June 2008, following well-received performances in Romeo and Juliet at the Royal Opera House. He left the company in August 2015.
Pennefather has gained acclaim despite several setbacks, including failing the annual assessment at the company's White Lodge school at 12, and 'being asked to leave' The Arts Educational School, Tring Park at 15. Pennefather continued his training in his home town of Maidenhead under Julie Rose, a former Royal Ballet member, and his tenacity saw him accepted into the Royal Ballet Company in 1999. He sustained a tendon injury as a soloist in 2002, and was out of action for 18 months. Upon full recovery in 2004 he was selected for the principal role of Paris in Romeo and Juliet by prima ballerina Sylvie Guillem, and Aminta in Sylvia by director Dame Monica Mason, which 'proved to be his breakthrough'.
Pennefather's potential to enter the canon of great British ballet dancers alongside such greats as Anthony Dowell, David Wall and Jonathan Cope is closely coupled with the fact that his peer and pas-de-deux partner Lauren Cuthbertson is also British-born, bringing them progressively more attention as the next Anthony Dowell and Antionette Sibley in the British media. According to Jonathan Cope, "they are very much in sync with each other... I'm quite excited about it".