OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jon Ludvig Hammer

Jon Ludvig Nilssen Hammer (born 2 June 1990) is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and three-time Norwegian Chess Champion. He was the main second for Magnus Carlsen in the World Chess Championship 2013.

## Chess career

At the 38th Chess Olympiad in Dresden, Hammer represented Norway as the substitute player (number five on the team). He played in all rounds except the first and scored 6/10 (+4−2=4).
In 2007, Hammer completed all requirements for the International Master title. Hammer gained his first GM norm in the Cappelle-la-Grande Open in 2007, the second in Denmark in 2008, and a third in European Chess Club Cup later that year. The short length of those tournaments, however, meant he needed a fourth norm to gain the GM title. This norm was achieved when Hammer won outright a jubilee tournament at Gjøvik arranged at the end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009. In the final round against Mateusz Bartel, Hammer could have secured his Grandmaster title with a draw. In spite of this, he eschewed several opportunities for a perpetual check, and successfully took aim at sole first place. He was awarded the grandmaster title in March 2009.
Hammer scored a 2792 rating performance on Norway's top board during the 2009 European Team Chess Championship in Novi Sad, where his +4−0=5 score made him one of the top individual scorers.
In 2011, Hammer suffered setbacks in the "B" section of the Tata Steel Chess Tournament, and the Aeroflot Open. He rebounded with a good result in the Reykjavik Open, where he finished with 7/9, and in 5th place on tiebreaks. As the best Nordic player, Hammer became Norway's first Nordic Chess Champion since Simen Agdestein in 1992.
Hammer won his first Norwegian Chess Championship in 2013 when he scored 7/9 (+5−0=4). Hammer's best result until then had been the 2008 championship, when he finished equal on points with Frode Elsness, but he lost the September playoff to Elsness after losing the first game, and acquiescing to a draw in a worse position in the second. In 2013/14, Hammer took a clear first place with 7½/9 in the Rilton Cup.
Hammer attended the Norwegian College of Elite Sport and was coached by Agdestein. Hammer has been described as taking chess very seriously, playing very often online, in tournaments, or practicing. In 2009, Hammer announced he would not pursue a professional chess career and would study economics. In 2012, he switched to journalism, writing for Science Nordic as part of his degree studies.
He won the Xtracon Chess Open in 2018.
In 2019, he published the educational video series "1.e4 A Complete White Repertoire".
In 2023, he made his Chessable debut, releasing an opening repertoire for black based on the Nimzo-Indian defence.
# Luitgard of Wittichen

Luitgard of Wittichen (German: Luitgard von Wittichen, 1291–1348) was a German nun, mystic and founder of a convent.

## Life and works

Luitgard (also Lutgard) of Wittichen was born in 1291 in Schenkenzell in the Black Forest and came from a simple, peasant background. At the age of twelve she was admitted to a beguine house in Oberwolfach in the valley of the river Wolf, where she lived for 20 years in voluntary poverty. As the result of a vision of Christ she was called to found a convent. She went on trips to the Tyrol and Switzerland to raise funds for the founding of the convent. She was treated unjustly by the dukes of Teck at the nearby castle of Schiltach, while the lords of Geroldseck at the Schenkenburg were devoted to her.
In 1324 Luitgard moved to the Wittichen valley and founded a hermitage (Klause) for herself and 33 other women, which later became the Franciscan tertiary convent of Wittichen. The number of women was based on the 33-line Canticle of the Sun, a canticle by Saint Francis of Assisi, although the number of women doubled even in Luitgard's lifetime. She was the abbess of the convent until her death.
Luitgard was filled with a deep devotion to the life and Passion of Christ, which she contemplated in a rosary-like manner of prayer. Luitgard cared for victims of the plague, before she herself succumbed to the epidemic. She died on 16 October 1348 at Wittichen Abbey near Schenkenzell.

## Veneration

She is honored in central Baden as a "people's saint" (Volksheilige) even though she was never canonized. Luitgard is believed to have been familiar with the writings of Meister Eckhart and Heinrich Seuse and is regarded as a mystic in her own right. Her spiritual father, the priest, Berchtold of Bombach, published a biography of Luitgard in around 1350. In 1629, according to tradition, when her coffin was opened, her brain was found to be in completely sound condition, a phenomenon that could not be explained by doctors or chemists at that time and, being seen as a miracle, was the reason for subsequent veneration and pilgrimages.
She is remembered on 16 October, the date she died. On the second Sunday in October, the Luitgard Festival takes place in Wittichen. The St. Luitgard Care Home in Oberwolfach is named after her.
This founder of a convent, who has been described as charismatic, may be seen from today's perspective as an emancipated woman.
# Roger Leloup

Roger Leloup (French:; born 17 November 1933) is a Belgian comic strip artist, novelist, and a former collaborator of Hergé, who would rely upon him to create detailed, realistic drawings and elaborate decoration for The Adventures of Tintin. He is most famous for the Yoko Tsuno comic series.

## Biography

Roger Leloup was born in Verviers, Belgium in 1933. Fascinated by trains and planes since his youth, he studied Decoration and Publicity at the Institut Saint-Luc in Liège. By accident, he came into contact with the Franco-Belgian comics scene when his neighbour, Jacques Martin, told him that he desperately needed a colourist. Leloup got the job and started colouring the Alix album L'ïle maudite in 1950.
Jacques Martin was one of the main artists of the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Tintin, and when Hergé was looking for someone to help him with the drawings of vehicles for a series, Martin brought him in contact with Leloup. From 15 February 1953 on, Leloup worked for several years at Studios Hergé, where he drew detailed backgrounds and vehicles for Hergé's comics series The Adventures of Tintin. His work is seen in a wide variety of drawings, such as the Genève-Cointrin airport in The Calculus Affair and the impressive swing-wing supersonic business jet, the Carreidas 160 in Flight 714 to Sydney.
Leloup worked for both Jacques Martin, with Alix and Lefranc, and for Hergé, but as the production at the Studios Hergé slowed down, and Leloup came into contact with other artists. He worked for a period with Francis, and also collaborated with Peyo on his less well-known series Jacky and Célestin. Here, he created a Japanese female character that would later become the inspiration for his own series.
On 31 December 1969, Leloup left Studios Hergé to work full-time on his own series, Yoko Tsuno, with a focus on technology and science fiction. The character Yoko Tsuno, a Japanese woman living in Brussels, is one of the leading examples of the female-fronted comics that appeared in European juvenile magazines during this period. All Yoko Tsuno stories first appeared in Spirou magazine and later as an album series published by editions Dupuis.
He has an adopted Korean daughter, who inspired him to draw the character Morning Dew, the little Chinese girl from Le Dragon de Hong Kong, who was adopted by Yoko Tsuno.
# Icon: The Best of Erykah Badu

ICON: The Best of Erykah Badu is a compilation album by American R&B artist Erykah Badu, released in August 2010 under Universal Motown. It's the first compilation of Badu's hit songs throughout her music career. The collection consists of 12 hit songs, as "On & On", "Love of My Life", You Got Me with The Roots, "Tyrone" and "Bag Lady".
# 20th Indian Infantry Brigade

The 20th Indian Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the Indian Army during World War II.

## History

The brigade was formed in September 1940, by the conversion of the Khojak Brigade and assigned to the 9th Indian Infantry Division. In April 1941, they were transferred to the 10th Indian Infantry Division and took part in the Anglo-Iraqi War, Syria-Lebanon campaign and the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. Moving to Egypt in June 1942, the brigade was overrun and largely destroyed at Gambut 18 June 1942. The brigade was reformed in the Nile Delta and returned to the 10th Division. The brigade then took part in the Italian Campaign with 10th Division and ended the war in Italy.

## Order of battle

* 2nd Battalion, 7th Gurkha Rifles September 1940 to July 1941 and September 1941 to April 1942
* 3rd Battalion, 11th Sikh Regiment September 1940 to June 1941
* 2nd Battalion, 8th Gurkha Rifles October 1940 to June 1941, July 1941 to January 1942 and October to November 1944
* 1st Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) June 1941
* 2nd Battalion, 4th Gurkha Rifles June 1941
* 3rd Field Regiment, Royal Artillery June to September 1941
* 5th Battalion, 13th Frontier Force Rifles June to July 1941
* 3rd Battalion, 11th Sikh Regiment August 1941 to March 1942
* 1st Battalion, South Wales Borderers December 1941 to August 1942
* 3rd Battalion, 18th Royal Garhwal Rifles March to July 1942
* 1st Battalion, 6th Rajputana Rifles April to June 1942
* 2nd Battalion, 11th Sikh Regiment August 1942 to October 1943
* 2nd Battalion, 3rd Gurkha Rifles January 1943 to August 1945
* 4th Battalion, 13th Frontier Force Rifles February to June 1943
* Mewar Bhopal Infantry June 1943
* 3rd Battalion, 5th Mahratta Light Infantry June 1943 to August 1945
* 8th Battalion, Manchester Regiment July 1943 to September 1944
* 1st Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers (machine gun) attached 30 October to 19 November 1943 for training on Cyprus
* 1st Battalion, 2nd Punjab Regiment October 1944 to May 1945
* Nabha Akal Infantry October 1944 to August 1945
* 2nd Battalion, Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) May to August 1945

## Officers commanding

The following officers commanded the brigade during the war.
    Brigadier D. Powell (September 1940 to March 1942)
    Brigadier L.E. MacGregor (March 1942 to June 1943)
    Brigadier J.B. MacDonald (June 1943 to end of war)
# Stadl-Paura

Stadl-Paura is a municipality in the Austrian state of Upper Austria located in the district Wels-Land. About half of it lies in the Hausruckviertel, the other half in the Traunviertel. Officially, however, the whole district Wels-Land is considered part of the Hausruckviertel.
# Neotraditionalism (politics)

In politics and sociology, neotraditionalism is an approach using the deliberate application of old practices and institutions, modified to accommodate the modern context (this accommodation contrasts with primordialism).

## Overview and terminology
### Neotradition

Neotraditionalists assert that the interaction between the state and society (governance, application of law, etc.) should take into account the cultural memory of the local population. Neotraditions can be invented outright with the purpose of creation of a new group identity thus being useful in the times of rapid changes in the society. As an example, Eric Hobsbawn offers the new Scottish national identity centered around Ossian, kilts, and bagpipes. This identity replaced in the 18th century the old feudal cohesion that was deteriorating under the pressure of urbanization and changes in the class system. Jonathan Friedman suggests that neotraditionalism is the opposite of modernism, rising up in the moments of crisis of the latter (such crises per Friedman are inevitable due to the need of the constant expansion required by modernism to simply maintain the stability). Traditional identity is something that one can rely on in times of crisis, providing an easily accessible set of rules for living and a medium for connection with others.

### Communist neotraditionalism

Political scientists' use of the term varies. In particular, Communist neotraditionalism is used to describe a mix of modern and traditional elements in the USSR and other Communist countries, where the success of an individual to large extent depended on the archaic patron-client relations (including "blat"). The characterization of USSR as neo-traditionalist was pioneered by Ken Jowitt in 1983. A similar approach towards China was taken by Andrew Walder in his "Communist Neo-Traditionalism" (1988), where the communist neotraditionalism was defined as a "distinctly modern" fusion of communist institutions and personal patron/client ties. Matthew Lenoe and Terry Martin made the deep advances in research of the neotraditionalism in application to the Soviet history.

### Radical neotraditionalism

When discussing the politics of religion, radical neotraditionalism is used as a more neutral term to describe the non-Protestant fundamentalism.
# Shahrak-e Safi Khani

Shahrak-e Safi Khani (Persian: شهرك صفي خاني, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Şafī Khānī) is a village in Bakan Rural District, Hasanabad District, Eqlid County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 358, in 78 families.
# Thomas Rice

Thomas or Tom Rice may refer to:
* Thomas Rice (Massachusetts politician, born 1654) (1654–1747), Massachusetts colonial legislator and founder of Westborough, Massachusetts
* Thomas Rice (Massachusetts politician, born 1734) (1734–1812), Massachusetts state legislator and judge
* Thomas Rice (Massachusetts politician, born 1768) (1768–1854), U.S. Representative from Massachusetts, 1815–19
* Thomas D. Rice (1808–1860), American performer in minstrel shows
* W. Thomas Rice (1912–2006), American railroad executive
* Tom Rice (soldier) (1921–2022), American private during World War II
* Thomas Maurice Rice (1939–2024), Irish-American theoretical physicist
* Tom Rice (born 1957), American politician
* Thomas O. Rice (born 1960), United States federal judge
* Tom Rice (film historian) (born 1979), British film scholar
# King Kulture: Stop the Traffic

Rapzilla Presents... King Kulture: Stop the Traffic is a compilation charity album from the Christian hip hop website Rapzilla, released on August 27, 2013. In partnership with Syntax Distribution, Rapzilla donated all proceeds from the album to Inter-Varsity's New York City Urban Project, a non-profit organization dedicated to stopping human trafficking in New York City. The project features contributions from emcee and production artists such as Andy Mineo, MC Jin, FLAME, Sho Baraka, Canton Jones, Wit, Propaganda, KIDD, Rhema Soul, and Gawvi, among others.

## Background

King Kulture: Stop the Traffic marks the second volume in the Rapzilla Presents... King Kulture series. The first, King Kulture, was released on January 31, 2012, to support the elementary school Ecole de la Borne in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Featuring artists such as Lecrae, KJ-52, GRITS, Braille, Sho Baraka, and K-Drama, the project raised over $10,000 USD. Following the success of that release, Rapzilla announced on June 18, 2013 that it was releasing a new compilation, Rapzilla Presents... King Kulture: Stop the Traffic. This time, the proceeds will be directed to the New York City-based New York City Urban Project, which aims to halt human trafficking in the NYC-area.

## Promotion

Following its June announcement of the new compilation album, Rapzilla released the project's lead single, "First World Problems" by KIDD, on July 8, 2013. The next day, Rapzilla released a video in which Jonathan Walton of Inter-Varsity and NYCUP discussed the problem of human trafficking in the New York area. On July 23, 2013, Rapzilla co-owner Chad Horton announced the release of a second single, "Over the Edge" by MC Jin featuring Dawen, on AllHipHop. The third single for the album, "Rejuvenated" by Json featuring Future and Derek Minor, dropped on August 5, 2013. A music video for "Over the Edge" premiered on Hip Hop DX on August 13. The project's fourth single, "Rescue Me" by Butta P. featuring V. Rose, was released on August 17. The same day, Rapzilla released the titular single, "Stop the Traffic" by Andy Mineo featuring Co Campbell, exclusively for the website's app users. Two days later, Rapzilla made "Stop the Traffic" available for streaming by all users on their website.

## Charts

| Chart | Position |
| U.S. Billboard Gospel Albums | 9 |
# The Lost Masters (Kool Keith album)

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| Source | Rating |
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| The New Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
The Lost Masters is the first compilation album by American rapper and producer Kool Keith. It was released on August 26, 2003, via DMAFT Records. A sequel to the album, The Lost Masters, Vol. 2, was released on August 9, 2005.

## Personnel

* Keith Matthew Thornton – main artist
* Jeff May – design & layout
* Carl Caprioglio – photography
# The Mix Tape, Volume 1: 60 Minutes of Funk

The Mix Tape, Volume 1: 60 Minutes of Funk is a mixtape by American DJ Funkmaster Flex, composed of freestyles and previously released songs, all mixed with Funk Flex's production. It was released on November 21, 1995, via Loud/RCA Records. The recording sessions took place at D&D Studios in New York.
The album peaked at No. 108 on the Billboard 200 and No. 15 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. It was followed up by three successful sequels, all of which were certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

## Critical reception

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| Source | Rating |
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| Robert Christgau | |
| Muzik | |
The Village Voice wrote that "the freestyles peek up in between hot new and old school hiphop as, under Comrade Flex's deft hands, one hot beat after another bobs and weaves its way up to the surface, only to be overtaken moments later by another."

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 108 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 15 |
# Modal Soul Classics

Modal Soul Classics is a compilation album from Japanese hip hop producer Nujabes. Though the music on this album is commonly attributed to Nujabes, none of it is composed by him; the songs on this album were only compiled and mastered by him. All of it is by other artists who have inspired Nujabes.

## Track listing

* Scott Matelic - "To Impress the Empress" 4:21
* Sleep Walker - "AI-NO-KAWA" 6:36
* Goldlix - "Atoll Moao" 4:55
* Specifics - "Under the Hood" 3:53
* DSK - "Winter Lane" 4:27
* Blue Asia - "Mourn, Sob & Cry" 4:56
* Haki R. Madhubuti - "Children" 10:36
* Unison - "Sound Network" 4:07
* Takero Ogata - "Omnipresence" 4:31
* Todd Rundgren - "A Dream Goes On Forever" 2:22
* Heprcam - "Dionna" 2:53
* Clammbon - "Folklore" 5:19
* Lava - "Vem Para Ficar" (from Ristorante Mixtape) 6:40
* Omar Sosa - "Iyawo" 6:22
* This 2008 hip hop album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# MTV Party to Go 10

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MTV Party To Go Volume 10 was the tenth album in the MTV Party To Go series. The album was certified gold in January 1997 by the RIAA.

## Track listing

* "This Is Your Night" (Berman House Mix) – Amber
* "Do You Miss Me?" (Dreamhouse Mix) – Jocelyn Enriquez
* "Your Loving Arms" (Soundfactory Vocal Mix) – Billie Ray Martin
* "Be My Lover" (Club Mix) – La Bouche
* "Macarena" (Radio Version) – Los Del Rio
* "It's All the Way Live (Now)" (Timber Mix) – Coolio
* "Tha Crossroads" (DJ U-Neek's Mo Thug Remix) – Bone Thugs-N-Harmony
* "Lady" (Clean Street Version) – D'Angelo featuring AZ
* "Ain't Nobody" (Main Mix) – Monica featuring Treach
* "Tonite's tha Night" (Redman Clean Remix) – Kris Kross
* "California Love" (Long Radio Edit) – 2Pac featuring Dr. Dre
* "You're the One" (LP Version) – SWV
# MTV Party to Go Platinum Mix

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MTV Party to Go Platinum Mix was the twelfth album in the MTV Party to Go series. The majority of songs on this album have appeared on previous volumes of the Party To Go series.

## Track listing

* California Love – 2Pac featuring Dr. Dre
* Woo Hah!! Got You All in Check – Busta Rhymes
* Creep – TLC
* Shoop – Salt-N-Pepa
* Nuthin' but a "G" Thang – Dr. Dre featuring Snoop Doggy Dogg
* Real Love – Mary J. Blige
* Summertime – DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince
* Love Will Never Do (Without You) – Janet Jackson
* This Is How We Do It – Montell Jordan
* Scenario – A Tribe Called Quest
* O.P.P. – Naughty by Nature
* Here Comes the Hotstepper – Ini Kamoze
* Express Yourself – Madonna
* Now That We Found Love – Heavy D & The Boyz
* This article on a 1990s compilation album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 1: 1988–1998

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| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Q | |
The N.W.A Legacy, Volume 1: 1988–1998 is a two-disc compilation by album released on March 23, 1999, through Priority Records. It is composed of 26 songs recorded from 1988 to 1998 by the American hip-hop group N.W.A, including solo material of its members Ice Cube, Eazy-E, Dr. Dre and MC Ren, and their affiliates such as The D.O.C., Above The Law, Da Lench Mob, Snoop Dogg, Penthouse Players Clique, Tha Dogg Pound, Westside Connection and 2Pac. Bryan Turner served as executive producer.
The album peaked at number 77 on the Billboard 200 and number 42 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. It was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on September 30, 2002.
Its sequel, The N.W.A Legacy, Vol. 2, was released in 2002.

## Charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 77 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 42 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 50,000$^^$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000$^*$ |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||