# Selçuk

Selçuk is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 317 km$^2$, and its population is 38,151 (2022). The town Selçuk is located 2 kilometres (1 mile) northeast of the ancient city of Ephesus, that was once home to the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Selçuk is one of the most visited tourist destinations within Turkey, known for its closeness to the ancient city of Ephesus, House of the Virgin Mary, and Seljuk works of art. The 6th century Basilica of St. John the Apostle, which, some claim, is built on the site of the Apostle's tomb, is also inside the town. Procopius said that the basilica was a most sacred and honoured place in Ephesus. It was severely damaged in the invasion of Selçuk Turks in 1090. The place was excavated in 1927, and Pope Paul VI paid it a visit and prayed there.

## History

Its previous Greek name, Agios Theologos (Άγιος Θεολόγος), referred to John the Theologian, because emperor Justinian I had erected there a basilica in honour of the saint. Ayasoluk is a corrupted form of the original name. In the 14th century, it was the capital of the Beylik of Aydin, and visited by Ibn Battuta. He noted, "The congregational mosque in this city is one of the most magnificent mosques in the world and unequaled in beauty." Under the Ottoman Empire, it was known as Ayasoluk. In 1914, it was renamed Selçuk after the Seljuk Turks who first led incursions into the region in the 12th century.
It was a township in Kuşadası district till 1957, when it became a district itself. Its neighbours are Torbalı from north, Tire from northeast, Germencik from east, Kuşadası from south, Aegean Sea from west and Menderes (formerly Cumaovası) from northwest.
In 1921, after the capture of the village by the Greek forces, the village had a total population of 600, ethnographically consisting of 580 Greeks, 10 Turks and 10 Armenians.
The old quarter of Selçuk retains much traditional Turkish culture. Ayasuluk Hill dominates the surrounding area, with several historical buildings on its slopes, including the İsa Bey Mosque built by the Aydinids in 1375, and the Grand Fortress. The hill itself is part of Ephesus UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ephesus Beach (Turkish: Pamucak) is one of the longest beaches (12 km) in Turkey and hosts five large hotels.

## Composition

There are 14 neighbourhoods in Selçuk District:
* 14 Mayıs
* Acarlar
* Atatürk
* Barutçu
* Belevi
* Çamlık
* Cumhuriyet
* Gökçealan
* Havutçulu
* İsabey
* Şirince
* Sultaniye
* Zafer
* Zeytinköy

## Climate

Selçuk has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), with hot, dry summers, and cool, rainy winters.
Climate data for Selçuk (1991–2020) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 14.9 (58.8) | 17.9 (64.2) | 21.9 (71.4) | 26.8 (80.2) | 31.8 (89.2) | 34.6 (94.3) | 34.6 (94.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 19.8 (67.6) | 14.8 (58.6) | 24.0 (75.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) | 9.3 (48.7) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.4 (59.7) | 19.9 (67.8) | 24.7 (76.5) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.0 (80.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 18.1 (64.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 9.4 (48.9) | 17.3 (63.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) | 4.8 (40.6) | 6.4 (43.5) | 9.4 (48.9) | 13.4 (56.1) | 17.4 (63.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.6 (67.3) | 15.7 (60.3) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.9 (46.2) | 5.4 (41.7) | 11.3 (52.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 124.16 (4.89) | 102.95 (4.05) | 71.82 (2.83) | 46.75 (1.84) | 31.73 (1.25) | 7.46 (0.29) | 0.98 (0.04) | 0.3 (0.01) | 17.25 (0.68) | 43.15 (1.70) | 95.1 (3.74) | 124.96 (4.92) | 666.61 (26.24) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.0 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 6.3 | 9.7 | 59.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 68.6 | 65.9 | 63.0 | 60.7 | 58.3 | 52.3 | 49.8 | 53.1 | 57.4 | 64.5 | 68.1 | 69.8 | 60.9 |
| Source: NOAA ||||||||||||||

## Sport

The youth football teams of the İzmir-based sports club Altınordu S.K. play their home matches in the Altınordu Selçuk-Efes Football Complex, which is located WSW of Selçuk. With five football fields, the venue is the largest in İzmir Province.

## Notable people

* Bülent Cevahir (born 1992), footballer
* Hafsa Hatun (before 1380 – after 1403), wife of Sultan Bayezid I of the Ottoman Empire
* The Seven Sleepers (around 250 AD), a group of youths who hid inside a cave around Ephesus (modern-day Selçuk) to escape Roman persecutions of Christians and emerged 3 centuries later.

## International relations

Selçuk is twinned with:
* Dion, Greece
* Kobuleti, Georgia
* Lienz, Austria
* Ourém, Portugal
* Radoviš, North Macedonia
* Siegburg, Germany