OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zadeh's rule

In mathematical optimization, Zadeh's rule (also known as the least-entered rule) is an algorithmic refinement of the simplex method for linear optimization.
The rule was proposed around 1980 by Norman Zadeh (son of Lotfi A. Zadeh), and has entered the folklore of convex optimization since then.
Zadeh offered a reward of $1,000 to anyone who can show that the rule admits polynomially many iterations or to prove that there is a family of linear programs on which the pivoting rule requires subexponentially many iterations to find the optimum.

## Algorithm

Zadeh's rule belongs to the family of history-based improvement rules which, during a run of the simplex algorithm, retain supplementary data in addition to the current basis of the linear program.
In particular, the rule chooses among all improving variables one which has entered the basis least often, intuitively ensuring that variables that might yield a substantive improvement in the long run but only a small improvement in a single step will be applied after a linear number of steps.
The supplementary data structure in Zadeh's algorithm can therefore be modeled as an occurrence record, mapping all variables to natural numbers, monitoring how often a particular variable has entered the basis. In every iteration, the algorithm then selects an improving variable that is minimal with respect to the retained occurrence record.
Note that the rule does not explicitly specify which particular improving variable should enter the basis in case of a tie.

## Superpolynomial lower bound

Zadeh's rule has been shown to have at least super-polynomial time complexity in the worse-case by constructing a family of Markov decision processes on which the policy iteration algorithm requires a super-polynomial number of steps.
Running the simplex algorithm with Zadeh's rule on the induced linear program then yields a super-polynomial lower bound.
The result was presented at the "Efficiency of the Simplex Method: Quo vadis Hirsch conjecture?" IPAM workshop in 2011 by Oliver Friedmann. Zadeh, although not working in academia anymore at that time, attended the Workshop and honored his original proposal.

## Exponential lower bound

Friedmann's original result has since been strengthened by the construction of an exponential instance for Zadeh's rule.
# Stéphane Bijoux

Stéphane Bijoux (born 8 October 1970) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2019 to 2024.

## Early life and education

Bijoux is a journalist from Réunion. He has been director of television editorials Overseas (La Première, France Ô) and responsible for diversity in the Information at France Télévisions.

## Member of the European Parliament

As Member of the European Parliament, Bijoux served on the Committee on Regional Development. In addition to his committee assignments, he was part of the European Parliament Intergroup on Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas and the MEPs Against Cancer group.
# Anitra Rasmussen

Anitra Kitts Rasmussen (born 1958) is a former member of the Oregon House of Representatives who represented district 11. She served as a Democrat. Rasmussen attended the University of Portland where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in communications. Rasmussen served from 1995 to 2001, and was succeeded by Mary Nolan.

## Political career

Rasmussen defeated incumbent Tom Mason in the Democratic primary in 1995. Rasmussen was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1995. In 1996, Rasmussen ran against Republican candidate Jim Pasero. Pasero received 8,977 votes while the incumbent Rasmussen received 15,713 votes. The next election, Rasmussen ran against Libertarian candidate Joshua R. Poulson and won with 16,064 votes, opposed to Poulson's 2,882 votes. She did not run for re-election in the 2000 Democratic primary. The Willamette Week criticized Rasmussen, writing, "Rasmussen is proof that liberal politics don't automatically translate into a high ranking."
During her tenure, Rasmussen was a member of the State and School Finance Committee, the Human Resources Ways and Means Committee, the Interim Revenue Committee, the Joint Trade and Economic Development Committee, the Joint Legislative Audit Committee, and was the chairperson of the Portland School District Talented and Gifted Advisory Committee. Rasmussen introduced House Bill 3442 in 1999 that would set up a trust fund to provide basic needs for low-income people using finances from the national tobacco settlement. The same year, Rasmussen also promoted a bill that would fine motorists or suspend their drivers licenses when they engaged in harassment or get out of their vehicle to threaten or harass pedestrians or other drivers after an incident.

## Other activities

In 2003, Covenant Network hired Rasmussen as a Director of Communications.
# Toogood Arm

Too Good Arm is an outport located on New World Island in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It neighbours the communities of Green Cove, Pike's Arm and Cobbs Arm and is a terminus of Route 346.

## History

Sometimes regarded as part of nearby Herring Neck in early records, Too Good Arm was first occupied by European settlers in the early 1800s; by 1840 the Hurley family were noted as living there. The name Too Good Arm first appears in church records in the 1870s.
According to the 1921 Census, there were 93 people living in Too Good Arm, a mix of Anglican, Methodist, Salvation Army, and Roman Catholics, with prominent names being Miles, Tuffin, Blake, Bath, Burton, Russell, and Hurley (with all of the Hurley family comprising the Roman Catholic population). A small Roman Catholic cemetery in the community contains one headstone with the name Naomi Hurley (buried in 1958) with local oral history holding that Susannah Hurley and Martin Hurley may also be buried there.
The community's first postmistress was Gladys B. Bath.
In 1994, two years after the Government of Canada declared a moratorium on the Atlantic cod fishery, an inshore fisherman from Toogood Arm became the first Newfoundlander in history to be charged for jigging cod to feed his family.

## Alternative Spellings

"Toogood Arm", "Toogood's Arm" and "Too Good Arm" are variants of the community's name. The original is likely a surname that was common in southwest England at the time of settlement. Toogood, however, is neither a prominent nor recognizable surname in Notre Dame Bay. "Too Good Arm" likely evolved as a grammatically correct variant.
When contacted in 2006, former Minister of Transportation and Works (TW) John Hickey asserted that "the spelling of the community as outlined in the Newfoundland Gazette is in fact ‘Toogood Arm’". He then suggested that if the TW department were to receive an official request from the local service district, he would "have the Department change the signage [to Too Good Arm] to reflect the community’s wishes."
As of 2019, the official signage upon entering the community showed "Too Good Arm".

## Services

Supermarkets are located in Virgin Arm and Twillingate, approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) and 22 kilometers (13.5 mi) away by road, respectively. Residents generally travel to Twillingate, Lewisporte or Gander for shopping.
High speed internet (DSL) and landline telephone service are provided by Bell Aliant. One over-the-air channel (NTV) is available.
Direct broadcast satellite signals intended for Shaw Direct and Bell Satellite TV set-top boxes can be received, while cellular phone coverage is provided by Bell Aliant, TELUS and other carriers.
Distance To:
Twillingate: 25 km- 23 mins
Lewisporte: 92 km - 1 hour 17 mins
Gander: 113 km - 1 hour 33 mins
Grand Falls Windsor: 150 km - 1 hour 52 mins
Corner Brook: 412 km - 4 hours 32 mins
St. John's: 444 km 4 hours 48 mins
Port Aux Basque: 626 km - 6 hours 39 mins
St. Anthony: 772 km - 8 hours 37 mins
# Lublewko

Lublewko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Choczewo, within Wejherowo County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Choczewo, 28 km (17 mi) north-west of Wejherowo, and 63 km (39 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Page (South Korean band)

Page (Korean: 페이지) is a Korean pop project group. Maronnier member Kim Seon Min did write lyrics for various Page songs.

## Members

* Oh Hyun Ran (오현란, vocals, 1995)
* An Sang Ye (안상예, vocals, 1997-1999)
* Lee Ga Eun (이가은, vocals, 2002-)

## Discography
### Albums

* 마지막 너를 보내며, 1997
* 2 Page, 1997
* Dear, 1998
* Blue Note, 1999
* Love Is Blue, 2002
* Quella Ragazza e Un Sogno, April 2003
* She Is, November 2004

### Compilations

* Unforgettable, February 2006
# Techno Animal

Techno Animal was an electronic duo formed in 1990 in London, England by British musicians Justin Broadrick (of the band Godflesh) and Kevin Martin (aka the Bug, of the band God). The duo released six LPs beginning with their 1991 debut Ghosts. They blended dub production with dark, beat-oriented ambient music and paranoiac themes.

## History

Kevin Martin had already formed the industrial metal group God in 1987. Justin Broadrick had founded Godflesh in 1988, recorded with Napalm Death and would soon join God alongside Martin. The Techno Animal project came to fruition in 1990, arising from the musicians' shared interest in studio exploration. The intent was to restrict the project to the studio and use sampling to develop the music, with no intent to perform the material live. The name refers to the concept of a technological animal and is not a direct reference to the techno genre.
Techno Animal's debut album Ghosts was released in 1991. In his review of the album, English music critic Simon Reynolds compared the music to that of other sample-based acts such as Einstürzende Neubauten, Die Krupps and 23 Skidoo.
In 2017, Martin and Broadrick reunited after fifteen years and formed the band Zonal. According to Broadrick, this new project is a spiritual continuation of Techno Animal. Regarding Zonal, he said:
   "We felt fresh again about collaboration; we didn’t wish to pursue something with an old name... Although as Zonal we play some old Techno Animal songs, most of our set is new material as Zonal. It pretty much continues where we left off as Techno Animal."

## Influence

Notably, Techno Animal's music was an important source of inspiration for electronic music musician Kid606, with their debut album Ghosts being particularly influential to him. "It was one of the first experimental electronic records I had ever heard," he said, "Kevin Martin and Justin Broadrick were humongous influences on me from early on."

## Discography
### Albums

* Ghosts (Pathological, 1991)
* Re-Entry (Virgin, 1995)
* Radio Hades (Position Chrome, 1998)
* Techno Animal Versus Reality (City Slang, 1998)
* Symbiotics (with Porter Ricks) (Force Inc. Music Works, 1999)
* The Brotherhood of the Bomb (Matador, 2001)

### Singles & EPs

* Babylon Seeker (Blue Angel, 1996)
* Unmanned (Position Chrome, 1996)
* Demonoid (City Slang, 1997)
* Phobic (Position Chrome, 1997)
* Cyclops (Position Chrome, 1998)
* Brotherhood of the Bomb/Monolith (Force Inc. Music Works, 1999)
* Megaton/Classical Homicide (with Dälek) (Matador, 2000)
* Dead Man's Curse (Matador, 2001)
* We Can Build You (Matador, 2001)
# Thomas W. Wallace

Thomas W. Wallace (January 24, 1900 – July 17, 1943) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He served as lieutenant governor of New York in 1943, dying less than seven months into his only term.
He was corporation counsel of Schenectady, New York, and District Attorney of Schenectady County. At the 1942 New York state election, he defeated the incumbent Democrat, Lieutenant Governor Charles Poletti.
Wallace took office on January 1, 1943, as Lieutenant Governor of New York. In early July 1943, however, he contracted chicken pox from his two children. Two days later he began to suffer from pneumonia, and was placed in an oxygen tent at Ellis Hospital in Schenectady. His condition rapidly deteriorated, and he died on July 17, 1943. He was buried at the Holy Redeemer Cemetery in Niskayuna, New York.

## Political aftermath

His death raised the question of whether the revised State Constitution, adopted in 1938, required a special election to fill the vacancy. The New York Court of Appeals decided in the affirmative, meeting with harsh criticism from Governor Dewey. An amendment to the State Constitution in 1937 had increased the New York State Assemblymen's term to two years and the State Senators had already been elected to two-year terms in even-numbered years since 1898, so that now in odd-numbered years there were usually only local offices to be filled at the general election in November. Despite Dewey's objections, a statewide special election was held in November 1943. On recommendation of Governor Dewey, the Legislature passed, and the voters approved, a constitutional amendment which prohibited any elections for lieutenant governor in any event except at the time of the election of a governor.
# Doris Jones (politician)

Doris J. Jones is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives.
# 2022 Saint John's Johnnies football team

The 2022 Saint John's Johnnies football team represented Saint John's University as members of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC) during the 2022 NCAA Division III football season. Led by ninth-year head coach Gary Fasching, the Johnnies compiled an overall record of 10–2 with a mark of 7–1 in conference play, winning the MIAC Northwoods Division title. Saint John's defeated Bethel in the MIAC Championship Game to win the conference title and earn an automatic bid to the NCAA Division III Football Championship playoffs. There, the Johnnies defeated the Northwestern (MN) in the first round before losing to the Wartburg in the second round. The team played home games at Clemens Stadium in Collegeville, Minnesota.

## Schedule

Saint John's 2022 regular season scheduled consisted of five home and four away games.
| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 3 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 4 Wisconsin–Whitewater* | No. 5 | Clemens StadiumCollegeville, MN | W 24–10 | 12,462 |
| September 10 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 19 Wisconsin–River Falls* | No. 4 | Clemens StadiumCollegeville, MN | W 37–34 | 9,104 |
| September 24 | 1:00 p.m. | at No. 20 Bethel (MN) | No. 2 | Royal StadiumArden Hills, MN | L 24–28 | 7,314 |
| October 1 | 1:00 p.m. | Concordia–Moorhead | No. 6 | Clemens StadiumCollegeville, MN | W 35–28 | 8,277 |
| October 8 | 1:00 p.m. | at Augsburg | No. 6 | Edor Nelson FieldMinneapolis, MN | W 45–0 | 1,400 |
| October 15 | 1:00 p.m. | at St. Olaf | No. 5 | Klein FieldNorthfield, MN | W 49–10 | 1,141 |
| October 22 | 1:00 p.m. | Gustavus Adolphus | No. 5 | Clemens StadiumCollegeville, MN (Family Weekend) | W 41–27 | 13,161 |
| October 29 | 1:00 p.m. | at St. Scholastica | No. 4 | Public Schools StadiumDuluth, MN | W 56–6 | |
| November 5 | 1:00 p.m. | Carleton | No. 4 | Clemens StadiumCollegeville, MN | W 45-16 | 3,622 |
| November 12 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 9 Bethel (MN)* | No. 5 | Clemens StadiumCollegeville, MN (MIAC Championship Game) | W 28–10 | 7,582 |
| November 19 | 12:00 p.m. | Northwestern (MN)* | No. 4 | Clemens StadiumCollegeville, MN (NCAA Division III First Round) | W 49–0 | 1,159 |
| November 26 | 12:00 p.m. | No. 12 Wartburg* | No. 4 | Clemens StadiumCollegeville, MN (NCAA Division III Second Round) | L 20–23 | 2,348 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from D3Football.com Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in central timeSource: |||||||
# Lubocino

Lubocino is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krokowa, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Krokowa, 17 km (11 mi) west of Puck, and 52 km (32 mi) north-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# Gabriella Bascelli

Gabriella Bascelli (born 19 August 1982) is an Italian rower. She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics.
# Hindu personal law

Hindu personal laws are the laws of the Hindus as they applied during the colonial period (British Raj) of India beginning from the Anglo-Hindu Law to the post-independent secular law. The British found neither a uniform canon administering law for the diverse communities of India nor a Pope or a Shankaracharya whose law or writ applied throughout the country. Due to discrepancies in opinions of pandits on the same matter, the East India Company began training pandits for its own legal service leading to the setting up of a Sanskrit College in Banaras and Calcutta, to help them arrive at a definitive idea of the Indian legal system. It is from here that the Hindu Personal Law had its beginning; and more appropriately so in 1772, when Warren Hastings appointed ten Brahmin pandits from Bengal to compile a digest of the Hindu scriptural law in four main civil matters—marriage, divorce, inheritance and succession. The Hindu Personal Laws underwent major reforms over a period of time, and created social and political controversies throughout India.

## Effects

The Hindu Personal Laws beginning with the creation of the Anglo-Hindu Law lead to widespread changes, controversies and civil suits in Hindu society across all strata and in monastic orders. Between 1860 and 1940, the issue of succession in the Anglo-Hindu Law led to legal issues of ownership and distribution of property in ascetic-run institutions. The early twentieth century witnessed ascetic orders seeking to 'purify' their genealogies through the medium of property disputes fought in colonial courts, which also led to the removal of women and children from certain ascetic orders with varying degrees of success.
# Goryōgaidai Shell Mound

The Goryōgaidai Shell Mound (五領ヶ台貝塚, Goryōgaidai kaizuka) is an archaeological site in the Hirokawa neighborhood of the city of Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, in the southern Kantō region of Japan containing a Jōmon period shell midden. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1972.

## Overview

During the early to middle Jōmon period (approximately 4000 to 2500 BC), sea levels were five to six meters higher than at present, and the ambient temperature was also 2 deg C higher. During this period, the Kantō region was inhabited by the Jōmon people, many of whom lived in coastal settlements. The middens associated with such settlements contain bone, botanical material, mollusc shells, sherds, lithics, and other artifacts and ecofacts associated with the now-vanished inhabitants, and these features, provide a useful source into the diets and habits of Jōmon society. Most of these middens are found along the Pacific coast of Japan.
The Goryōgaidai midden is located on a hill overlooking the alluvial plain of the Kaname River, a tributary of the Sagami River with an elevation of approximately 40 meters above the present sea level. While now considerably inland, it was located on the coast when sea levels were higher. The midden has a shell layer consisting almost exclusively of Umbonium giganteum shells, but also includes the bones of sea mammals such as dolphins and whales, fish including sea bream sea bass and sharks, land animals such as deer and wild boar. The midden also included a large number of Jōmon pottery fragments, including a distinctive pattern which has resulted in this midden being labelled as a type site for "Goryōgaidai pottery". The midden is relatively small and is divided into two locations on the eastern and western sides of the hill. The site was first excavated in 1925, and has been excavated repeatedly in the twentieth century. Since its designation as a National Historic Site in 1971 has become a city park. The excavated items are exhibited at the Hiratsuka City Museum.
The site is about three minutes by car from the Hiratsuka Interchange on the Odawara Atsugi Road.
# Lulu Belle and Scotty

Myrtle Eleanor Cooper (December 24, 1913 – February 8, 1999) and Scott Greene Wiseman (November 8, 1909 – January 31, 1981), known professionally as Lulu Belle and Scotty, were one of the major country music acts of the 1930s and 1940s, dubbed The Sweethearts of Country Music.

## Career

Myrtle Eleanor Cooper (Lulu Belle) was born in Boone, North Carolina, United States; Wiseman was from Spruce Pine, North Carolina. Lulu Belle and Scotty enjoyed enormous national popularity thanks to their regular appearances on National Barn Dance on WLS-AM in Chicago, a rival to WSM-AM's Grand Ole Opry. Barn Dance enjoyed a large radio audience in the 1930s and early 1940s with some 20 million Americans regularly tuning in.
The duo married on December 13, 1934, one year after Wiseman became a regular on Barn Dance (Cooper had been a solo performer there since 1932). The duo is best known for their self-penned classic "Have I Told You Lately That I Love You?", which became one of the first country songs to attract major attention in pop circles, and was recorded by many artists in both genres. Cooper was the somewhat dominant half of the duo with a comic persona as a wisecracking country girl. Her most famous novelty number was "Daffy Over Taffy". In 1938, she was named Favorite Female Radio Star by the readers of Radio Guide magazine, an unusual recognition for a country performer.
Lulu Belle and Scotty recorded for record labels including Vocalion Records, Columbia Records, Bluebird Records; and Starday Records, in their final sessions during the 1960s reprising their old hits. They were among the first country music stars to venture into feature motion pictures, appearing in such films as Village Barn Dance (1940), Shine On, Harvest Moon (1938), County Fair (1941) and The National Barn Dance (1944).
The couple retired from show business in 1958, except occasional appearances, going on to new careers in teaching (Wiseman) and politics (Cooper). Cooper served two terms from 1975 to 1978 in the North Carolina House of Representatives as the Democratic representative for three counties. In 1977, she gave a memorable speech in which she revealed that she had been raped on the country music circuit.
Scotty Wiseman was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1971. After his death in 1981 from a heart attack in Gainesville, Florida, Cooper married Ernest Stamey in 1983; and in 1989 recorded her first album in 20 years for a small traditional music label, Mar-lu Records out of Portageville, Missouri.
Myrtle Stamey died in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, aged 85. In 1999, Old Homestead Records released a retrospective album Early & Great.
# Edwin L. Crawford

Edwin L. Crawford (April 10, 1925 – September 27, 1993) was an American politician, most notable for having served as Broome County, New York's first county executive, and was "a leader in efforts to modernize county governments through the United States."

## Biography

Crawford was born in Broome County and served in the 17th Airborne Division in Europe during World War II. After the war, he graduated from Cornell University and Cornell Law School and practiced law from 1950 to 1977.
He was appointed the first county executive of Broome County in 1968 and left office in 1976. After retiring from politics, he served as executive director of the New York State Association of Counties.
Crawford died of prostate cancer in 1993. The Edwin L. Crawford County Office Building in downtown Binghamton is named after him as is a memorial lecture at Albany Law School.
# Seh Chah, Khafr

Seh Chah (Persian: سه چاه, also Romanized as Seh Chāh; also known as Seh Chāh-e Baghal Sīāh) is a village in Rahgan Rural District, Khafr District, Jahrom County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 177, in 42 families.