OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Roan

Roan may refer to:

## Animals

* Roan (color), a type of animal coat color that shows intermixed white and darker-colored hairs
* Roan (horse), a horse coat color pattern
* Varnish roan, a leopard-complex horse coat color that looks similar to roan
* Roan antelope, an African savanna antelope
* Roan Allen (1904–1930), one of the founding sires of the Tennessee Walking Horse

## People

* Roan (name), personal name and surname
* Chappell Roan (born 1998), American singer-songwriter
* Charles H. Roan (1923—1944), United States Marine
* Dan Roan (born 1976), sports editor for BBC News
* John Roan, landowner in Greenwich, London who left his estate for the founding of the John Roan School
* John Roan (bishop) (died 1692), Church of Ireland Bishop of Killaloe
* Michael Roan (born 1972), former professional American football tight end
* Oscar Roan (born 1951), former American football tight end
* Roan Carneiro (born 1978), Brazilian professional mixed martial artist
* Roan Ching-yueh (born 1958), Taiwanese architect, writer, curator and an Associate Professor of Department of Art Creativity

## Places
### Iran

* Roan, Iran, a village in Hamadan Province

### Norway

* Roan Municipality, a municipality in the Fosen district of Trøndelag county
* Roan (village), a village within Roan Municipality in Trøndelag county
* Roan Church, a church in Roan Municipality in Trøndelag county

### United Kingdom

* Old Roan, an area in Aintree village, Merseyside, England
** Old Roan railway station, a railway station in Aintree village, Merseyside, England
** Old Roan Chase, a steeplechase in Aintree village, Merseyside, England
* Roan, County Tyrone, a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland

### United States

* Roan Cliffs, a range of mountains and cliffs in Utah and Colorado
* Roan Creek, a tributary of the Watauga River in Tennessee
* Roan Creek (Colorado), a tributary of the Colorado River in Garfield County, Colorado
* Roan Mountain (Roan Highlands), a mountain on the Tennessee-North Carolina border
* Roan Mountain, Tennessee, a census-designated place (CDP) in Carter County, Tennessee
* Roan Mountain State Park, located in East Tennessee along the Tennessee-North Carolina border
* Roan Plateau, a plateau that overlooks the Colorado River Valley

### Zambia

* Roan (Zambian National Assembly constituency), a parliamentary constituency
* Roan, Luanshya, a suburb of Luanshya in the Roan constituency

## Other

* Battle of Roan's Tan Yard, an action during the American Civil War
* The John Roan School, a comprehensive secondary school in Blackheath, South-East London
* USS Charles H. Roan (DD-853) (1946–1973), a Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy
* Roan United F.C., a Zambian football club based in Luanshya
* The Secret of Roan Inish, 1994 American film
# S.A. Engineering College

The S.A. Engineering College (Tamil: எஸ்.ஏ.பொறியியல் கல்லூரி) is an autonomous engineering college in Veeraraghavapuram near Thiruverkadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The college was awarded ISO 9001:2008 certificate for academic standard by TUV. The college is accredited by NBA and NAAC with 'A' grade.
The Dharma Naidu Educational and Charitable Trust started functioning under the leadership of D. Sudharssanam, a former M.L.A. The S.A. Engineering College was established in the Academic Year 1998–99 with the approval of the AICTE and affiliation with the University of Madras and the general policy of the Government of Tamil Nadu to give high priority to technical education.

## Courses offered
### Undergraduate courses

* B.Tech. - Information Technology
* B.E. - Computer Science and Engineering
* B.E.- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
* B.E. - Electrical and Electronics Engineering
* B.E. - Electronics and Communication Engineering
* B.E. - Mechanical Engineering
* B.E. - Civil Engineering
* Humanities and Science

### Post-graduate courses

* M.E. Computer Science and Engineering
* M.E. Communication System
* M.E. Embedded System Technologies
* M.E. CAD/CAM
* Master of Computer Applications
* Master of Business Administration

## Campus

The campus is located at Poonamallee-avadi road. It is at a distance of 1-kilometre (1 mi) from Chennai-Bangalore Highway. The campus is spread across 17 hectares (42 acres). The campus has facilities such as laboratories, workshops, canteens, conference hall, gymnasium and hostels.

### Library

The library has a total area of 1200 metres. It has more than 50,000 books. International and national level journals are collected here. Newspapers and Magazines in English, Tamil and Telugu are kept. Study materials for students are also kept available.

### Other facilities
#### Sports

There are separate courts for sports such as badminton, football, basketball, cricket, tennis and volleyball.

#### Seminar hall

There are two seminars that have a capacity of up to two hundred

#### Canteen

At the same time, there is a canteen where four hundred people can eat. A small bakery is also attached.

#### Accommodation

There are separate hostels for men and women.

#### Transport

There are 35 college buses to reach various parts of Chennai.
# Zhu Zhiqiang

Zhu Zhiqiang (simplified Chinese: 朱志强; traditional Chinese: 朱志強; pinyin: Zhū Zhìqiáng; born June 8, 1976) is a Chinese graphic designer, animator, writer, producer, and voice actor best known for his Xiao Xiao series of martial art stick figure videos. Zhu lives in Beijing, China, where he is an Internet phenomenon. He makes money from his animations using advertisements for major companies. Each of his designs features the "logo" Xiao Xiao. Zhu began animating stick figure videos in 1989 at the age of thirteen and rapidly gained popularity from 2000 to 2002 for his videos, most notably his Xiao Xiao series which debuted in 2001. In July 2004, Zhiqiang sued Nike, Inc. for unauthorized use of his stickfigure designs in an advertisement; Nike representatives denied the accusations, claiming that the stickman figure lacks originality, and is public domain. Nike lost the initial suit, and was ordered to compensate Zhu with the equivalent of USD$36,000. Nike stated it would appeal the suit in the Beijing High People's Court. Nike won the appeal in 2006, with the judge saying in the paper that the Nike stickman design was different than Zhu's stickman design. After winning the suit, Nike stated "This was never a commercial issue for us. It was a matter of principle."

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 2001 | Xiao Xiao | Xiao Xiao | Internet series (secondary voice actor, director, writer, animator, producer) |
# George M. B. Maughs

George Madison Brown Maughs (1821–1901) was a physician who served a one-year term as mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, in 1860.

## Biography

George M. B. Maughs was born in Flemingsburg, Kentucky, on February 23, 1821. He married Ann M. Anderson on March 12, 1845.
He came to Kansas City around 1855 and opened a medical practice on Main Street between 2nd and 3rd. He and T. S. Case published a short-lived medical journal, The Kansas City Review of Medicine and Surgery.
Favoring the South in the American Civil War he was among the several residents who had to leave the city during General Order No. 11. He did not return.
Maughs's wife died on November 6, 1892. He died in St. Louis on March 23, 1901.
# Synchronous impedance curve

The synchronous impedance curve (also short-circuit characteristic, SCC) of a synchronous generator is a plot of the output short circuit current as a function of the excitation current or field. The curve is typically plotted alongside the open-circuit saturation curve.
The SCC is almost linear, since under the short-circuit conditions the magnetic flux in the generator is below the iron saturation levels and thus the reluctance is almost entirely defined by the fixed one of the air gap. The name "synchronous impedance curve" is due to the fact that in the short-circuit condition all the generated voltage dissipates across the generator internal synchronous impedance $Z_{S}$.
The curve is obtained by rotating the generator at the rated RPM with the output terminals shorted and the output current going to 100% of the rated for the device (higher values are typically not tested to avoid overheating).
# Coptodera championi

Coptodera championi is a beetle in the genus Coptodera native to Mexico.

## Description

It is identified by its green head with over-sized white eyes and white pattern resembling a demon mask.
# Esgeiriau Gwynion

Listed summits of Esgeiriau Gwynion :
| Name | Height | Status |
| Foel Rhudd | 659 metres (2,162 ft) | Nuttall |
| Foel y Geifr | 626 metres (2,054 ft) | Hewitt, Nuttall |
| Moel y Cerrig Duon | 625 metres (2,051 ft) | Hewitt, Nuttall |
| Llechwedd Du | 614 metres (2,014 ft) | Hewitt, Nuttall |
| Foel Goch (Hirnant) | 613 metres (2,011 ft) | Hewitt, Nuttall |
| Cefn Coch | 606 m (1,988 ft) | sub Hewitt |
Esgeiriau Gwynion (Welsh for "white shanks") is a mountain in north Wales. It is the smallest of the three Marilyns that form the Aran range, the others being Aran Fawddwy and Glasgwm.
The peak is situated to the east of Aran Fawddwy, separated by Bwlch Sirddyn, and stretches right the way round Cwn Cynllwyd towards the Berwyn range at Foel y Geifr. The tops are all boggy in character, all rising from a wild, peat bog plateau. A road penetrates the plateau at Bwlch y Groes.
# Extreme points of Asia

This is a list of the extreme points of Asia, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location on the continent.
Asia
* Northernmost Point — Cape Fligely, Prince Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land, Russia (81°52'N)
** Franz Josef Land is near the ill-defined border between Europe and Asia
** if it is not considered a part of Asia, then the northernmost point is Arctic Cape, Komsomolets Island (81°17'N)
* Southernmost Point — Pamana Island, Indonesia (11°00'S)
** When Cocos (Keeling) Islands included as part of Southeast Asia, then South Island (12°04'S)
* Westernmost Point — Cape Baba, Turkey (26°4'E)²
** if the offshore Greek islands (North Aegean Islands and Dodecanese Islands), then the westernmost point is Skokia Island, Greece, a small island off the coast of Antipsara Island (25°29'E)
* Easternmost Point — Big Diomede, Russia (169°03'W)³
Asia (mainland)
* Northernmost Point — Cape Chelyuskin, Russia (77°43'N)
* Southernmost Point — Tanjung Piai, Malaysia (1°16'N)
* Westernmost Point — Cape Baba, Turkey (26°4'E)
* Easternmost Point
** By longitude: 180th meridian (180°E)
** On a continuous eastbound path: Cape Dezhnev (East Cape), Russia (169°40'W)³
# Geoscientific Model Development

Geoscientific Model Development is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. It covers the description, development, and evaluation of numerical models of the Earth system and its components.
The journal has a two-stage publication process. In the first stage, papers that pass a rapid access peer-review are immediately published on the Geoscientific Model Development Discussions website. They are then subject to interactive public discussion, during which the referees' comments (anonymous or attributed), additional short comments by other members of the scientific community (attributed), and the authors' replies are published. In the second stage, the peer-review process is completed and, if accepted, the final revised papers are published in Geoscientific Model Development.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, Astrophysics Data System, and Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences.
# Carapichea ipecacuanha

Carapichea ipecacuanha is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, and Brazil. Its common name, ipecacuanha (Portuguese pronunciation:), is derived from the Tupi ypekakûãîa (lit. 'duck penis'). The plant has been discussed under a variety of synonyms over the years by various botanists. The roots were used to make syrup of ipecac, a powerful emetic, a longtime over-the-counter medicine no longer approved for medical use in the West for lack of evidence of safety and efficacy. An example of emetic compound from the roots is emetine.

## Description

Ipecacuanha is a slow-growing plant, which reduces its commercial appeal as a crop plant. It is seldom cultivated in South America but it has been cultivated in India and elsewhere.
The root of ipecacuanha has been used in preparation of the medicament, the syrup, is simple or divided into a few branches, flexuous, and composed of rings of various size. It is somewhat fleshy when fresh, and appearing as if closely strung on a central woody cord. The different kinds known in commerce (gray, red, brown) are all produced by the same plant, the differences arising from the age of the plant, the mode of drying, etc. Various other plants can be used as substitutes for it.

## History

Ipecacuanha was known to Europe by the mid 17th century. Nicholas Culpeper, an English botanist, herbalist, and physician, compared Ipecacuanha to the herb Orach in his book, Complete Herbal & English Physician, published in 1653. One of the first recorded shipments of Ipecacuanha to Europe was in 1672, by a traveler named Legros, who imported a quantity of the root to Paris from South America. In 1680, a Parisian merchant named Garnier possessed some 68 kilograms (150 pounds) of the substance and informed the physician Jean Claude Adrien Helvetius (1685–1755, father of Claude-Adrien Helvétius) of its power in the treatment of dysentery. Helvetius was granted sole right to vend the remedy by Louis XIV, but sold the secret to the French government, who made the formula public in 1688.
Ipecacuanha has a long history of use as an emetic, for emptying the stomach in cases of poisoning, a use that has been discontinued in medical settings (see syrup of ipecac). It has also been used as a nauseant, expectorant, and diaphoretic, and was prescribed for conditions such as bronchitis. The most common and familiar preparation is syrup of ipecac, which was commonly recommended as an emergency treatment for accidental poisoning until the final years of the 20th century. Ipecacuanha was also traditionally used to induce sweating. A common preparation for this purpose was Dover's powder.
In the 19th century, women prisoners at the Cascades Female Factory, Tasmania, were routinely given "a grain or so of ipecacuanha" as a precaution, especially "upon ladies with gross health and fiery temperaments."

## Chemical constituents

Ipecacuanha contains the alkaloids emetine (methylcephaeline) and cephaeline. It also contains the pseudo-tannin ipecacuanhic acid or cephaëlic acid.
# Rohani, Iran

Rohani (Persian: رهني, also Romanized as Rohanī) is a village in Aviz Rural District, in the Central District of Farashband County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 132, in 30 families.
# James Leigh Joynes (clergyman)

James Leigh Joynes (27 September 1824 – 29 June 1908) was an English clergyman and schoolmaster. He was ordained deacon in 1848 and priest in 1854. Joynes taught at Eton College from 1849 to 1887.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Joynes was born in Frindsbury, Kent, on 27 September 1824. His father was Richard Symonds Joynes, the Rector of Gravesend. He was educated at Eton College before attending King's School, Rochester. He matriculated at King's College, Cambridge, in Easter 1844, became a scholar, won the Camden Medal in 1845, and graduated with a BA in 1848 and an MA in 1851. He also served as a Fellow of King's College from 1847 to 1850.

### Career

In 1848, Joynes was ordained as a deacon by the Bishop of Lincoln, John Kaye, and as a priest in 1854 by the Bishop of Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce.
Joynes taught at Eton College from 1849 to 1887, becoming Lower Master in 1878. Among his pupils were A. C. Swinburne, Sidney Herbert, Lord Kinnaird, and the Duke of Argyll. His pupils used the nicknames "Jimmy" or "old Jimmy" to affectionately refer to him. He was notorious for his use of flogging and birching to discipline students.
On his retirement in 1887, a caricature of Joynes brandishing a birch, by Leslie Ward, was published in Vanity Fair.

### Personal life and death

Joynes married Elisabeth Johanna, daughter of Christopher Hermann Unger of Neuwied, Germany, on 22 April 1851, at St Peter's, Pimlico. He was the father of James Leigh Joynes Jr. and the father-in-law of Henry Stephens Salt.
Joynes died at Tunbridge Wells, Kent, on 29 June 1908. The funeral took place on 1 July, with his remains interred in the New Cemetery. The Rev. D. J. Stather Hunt officiated at the graveside. Many wreaths were placed on the coffin, including one from Lord Kinnaird.
# Curieuse Island

Curieuse Island is a small granitic island 1.13 sq mi (2.9 km$^2$) in the Seychelles close to the north coast of the island of Praslin. Curieuse is notable for its bare red earth intermingled with the unique coco de mer palms, one of the cultural icons of the Seychelles, only growing on the two neighboring islands.

## History

Originally named "Ile Rouge" due to its red coloured soil. In 1768 the French claimed possession of the island, naming it after the schooner "La Curieuse", a ship that was under the command of explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne. Like a number of islands in the Seychelles, there was a native giant tortoise population that was quickly extirpated.
In 1829, Curieuse was first used as a leper colony, and it functioned in this capacity until 1965. This helped protect the ecosystem from human influence. Today, ruins of the leprosarium remain, as well as the former physician's residence at Anse St. Joseph (now an educational center and museum).

## Conservation

In 1967 a fire destroyed much of the vegetation on the island, including more than 150 coco de mer palms. Following this event, the government took ownership of the island and introduced various restoration and conservation projects.
In 1979, Curieuse and surrounding waters were declared the Curieuse Marine National Park in order to protect the native wildlife. Between 1978 and 1982, a conservation project relocated Aldabra giant tortoise from Aldabra to Curieuse. Today, it is the home of more than 300 Aldabra giant tortoise, some staying around the Ranger's Station and the rest roaming around elsewhere on the island.
On the southern part of the island is a mangrove swamp that is traversed by a walkway for park visitors. The island is also known for coco de mer palms, giant takamaka trees, a large hawksbill turtle rookery and several bird species, such as the rare Seychelles black parrot Coracopis nigra barklyi, a parrot found only here and on Praslin. Though black parrots are found here, no breeding has been recorded. Instead it is recorded in the mature palm forests of Praslin. Among the plant species on the island, several are native and endemic to Curieuse; Porcher (Cordia subcordata), Bois Chandelle (Dracaena), Lalyann dile (Secamone schimperiana, Bwa bannann (Gastonia sechellarum) and Bois Cassant de Bord Mer (Guettarda speciosa)
There is also currently a satellite camp for the Seychelles branch of Global Vision International, a volunteer group that focuses on conservation of the island and surveys local fish, coral, turtle and coco de mer numbers.

## Image gallery

* Aerial of Curieuse island
* Tortoises on Curieuse island
* Beach on Curieuse island, Seychelles
* Laraie Bay on Curieuse
* Aldabra giant tortoise living in Curieuse Marine National Park
* Map 1
* Map 2
* image
# Death of Hervé Bondembe Mandundu

Hervé Bondembe Mandundu (died November 6, 2016) was a 27-year-old Congolese-born Swiss resident who was shot and killed by Chablais police in Bex, Switzerland. The police allege that Mandundu rushed towards the five officers with a kitchen knife. The officer who killed Mandundu was later tried for murder and acquitted by the Court of First Instance and by the Court of Appeal on the grounds of self-defence.
The killing led to widespread criticism of excessive force from Swiss police. Protests against police brutality occurred in Lausanne at the time, and Mandundu's name has been invoked in later Swiss protests against police brutality and systemic racism.
Mandundu was the only one of his immediate family to not be born in Switzerland and was born in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. While not a Swiss citizen, Mandundu had lived in Switzerland since the age of 5.
# Caroline Forell

Caroline A. Forell is a professor emerita at the University of Oregon School of Law. She retired in December 2019.
Forell grew up in Gold Coast, Queensland and is a dual American-Australian citizen. Initially, she wanted to work as a journalist, but turned to law when her application for a newspaper job was explicitly rejected in favor of a lesser qualified male candidate because they already had a woman reporter. After receiving a full scholarship from the University of Queensland, she attended the University of Iowa College of Law where she was an editor of the Iowa Law Review before joining the University of Oregon School of Law faculty in 1978. Her specialisms include legal issues affecting women, tort; comparative law between the United States, Canada, Australia and England, Australian legal history and provocation doctrine.
In addition, she was helped found the Lane County Domestic Violence Council and led the board of directors for Sexual Assault Support Services (SASS) and Breaking Free.
Forell is the coauthor (with Donna Matthews) of the book A Law of Her Own: The Reasonable Woman as a Measure of Man, published by NYU Press.
# Grynia

Grynia is a monotypic genus of African planthoppers in the subfamily Tropiduchinae and tribe Cyphoceratopini, erected by Carl Stål in 1862.

## Species

Fulgoromorpha Lists on the Web includes the single species: Grynia nigricoxis Stål, 1862.
# Kumtepe

Kumtepe is the oldest permanent settlement in the Troad, the region in northwestern Anatolia, where later Troy was built. Kumtepe has four layers, Kumtepe IA, IB, IC and II. The last two have been largely disturbed in the twentieth century. The remaining and relatively undisturbed IA and IB are of special interest to the archaeologists, because these are older than other settlements in the region.
Around 4800 BC the first settlement in Kumtepe was founded. The inhabitants lived on fishing, and their diet included oysters. The dead were buried, but without grave gifts. Although Kumtepe belongs to Neolithic, the occupants used also copper. Around 4500 BC the settlement was abandoned.
Around 3700 BC new settlers came to Kumtepe. The people of this new culture, Kumtepe B, built relatively large houses with multiple rooms, sometimes a porch. They also practiced animal husbandry and agriculture. The main domestic animals were goats and sheep, bred not only for meat but for milk and wool as well. They knew lead and bronze along with copper. Shortly after 3000 BC Yassıtepe and Hisarlık (Troy) were colonized probably from Kumtepe.

## Literature

* Birgit Brandau. Troia Eine Stadt und ihr Mythos, 1997.
* Jak Yakar. Troy and Anatolian Early Bronze Age chronology // Anatolian Studies, 1979.
# Piégros-la-Clastre

Piégros-la-Clastre (French pronunciation:; Piegròs e la Clastra) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.