OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ctenophryne

Ctenophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs. They occur in southern Central America (Costa Rica, Panama) and South America. Their common names are egg frogs and Nelson frogs, the latter applying to species in the formerly recognized Nelsonophryne.

## Taxonomy and systematics

As of 2017, Ctenophryne includes two other genera, Nelsonophryne and Melanophryne, in synonymy. The latter might represent valid genera, but molecular analyses could not resolve their relationships in a robust way. Placing Nelsonophryne and Melanophryne in the synonymy of Ctenophryne is an interim measure that avoids paraphyly, until new data might resolve the relationships. When Ctenophryne is defined this way, it is a monophyletic group that is the sister group to all other gastrophrynines.

## Description

Ctenophryne range from relatively small Ctenophryne barbatula (female size 26–27 mm (1.0–1.1 in) in snout–vent length) to moderately large Ctenophryne aterrima (female size to 67 mm (2.6 in)). The current definition of the genus is essentially based on molecular phylogenetics rather than morphology.

## Species

There are six species:
* Ctenophryne aequatorialis (Peracca, 1904)
* Ctenophryne aterrima (Günther, 1901)
* Ctenophryne barbatula (Lehr and Trueb, 2007)
* Ctenophryne carpish (Lehr, Rodriguez, and Córdova, 2002)
* Ctenophryne geayi Mocquard, 1904
* Ctenophryne minor Zweifel and Myers, 1989
# George Robert Armstrong

George Robert Armstrong (August 1, 1819 – April 20, 1896) was a pioneer mayor of Omaha, Nebraska. He served as the interim Mayor of Omaha from 1858 to 1859 after Andrew Jackson Poppleton resigned, and was elected in 1861, only to resign in 1862.
# Rosane Doré Lefebvre

Rosane Doré Lefebvre (born October 21, 1984) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2011 election. She represented the electoral district of Alfred-Pellan as an MP with the New Democratic Party in the 41st Canadian Parliament.
Prior to being elected, Doré Lefebvre was an environmental activist. She has a degree in political science and geography from the University of Montreal.

## Early life

Doré Lefebvre was born in a predominantly agricultural region of eastern Laval to Sylvie Doré, an upholsterer, and Robert Lefebvre, a general contractor. She attended Horizon Jeunesse High School and CÉGEP de Terrebonne.

## Education and environmental activism

Doré Lefebvre received a Bachelor of Arts from the Université de Montréal in political science and geography in 2010. She was an environmental activist and worked for the Quebec Ministry of Sustainable Development, the Environment, Fauna and Parks prior to her election.

## Political career

In the 2011 Canadian General Election, Doré Lefebvre ran in her home riding of Alfred-Pellan, in eastern Laval, for the New Democratic Party (NDP). She defeated incumbent Bloc Québécois candidate Robert Carrier by over 10,500 votes.
Following her election, Doré Lefebvre's NDP colleagues voted her vice-chair of the federal caucus. She was also selected to chair the legislative committee, where she would be responsible for coordinating the NDP MPs' analysis of proposed laws. In April 2012, Doré Lefebvre was named by NDP leader Thomas Mulcair to the shadow cabinet as Deputy Critic for Public Safety.
In her role as Deputy Critic for Public Safety, Doré Lefebvre has taken on important portfolios related to border security, Canada's network of penitentiaries and the treatment of women in the penal system. She has been sharply critical of the closing of the Leclerc Institution, within her riding, as well as the mistreatment of female prisoners and inadequate border security practices.
Doré Lefebvre's work with citizens in Laval garnered national media attention in early 2013, when she fought the deportation of the Reyes-Mendes family, who resided in her riding.
Doré Lefebvre was defeated in the 2015 election by Liberal candidate Angelo Iacono.
# John H. Hamlin

John H. Hamlin (June 21, 1909 – April 1981) graduated from Stanford University with an A.B. in 1929. He was born in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania.
Hamlin had a multifaceted career. During World War II, Hamlin was an intelligence officer in the Navy and retired as a Lieutenant Commander in 1945. From 1946 to 1951, Hamlin served as Executive Secretary to the Republican State Central Committee of California.
In 1954, Hamlin was appointed the Director for Small Business for the Department of Defense. Two years later in his role as the executive Assistant to the President (under President Dwight D. Eisenhower), Hamlin fulfilled a political function. His duties were to keep various segments of the Executive Branch and the Republican National Committee aware of each other's activities. He compiled background reports on the large agencies, current administration problems, pronouncements and goals. These reports were actually in-depth analyses of what the different agencies were doing and what they were spending. Eventually these background reports became progress reports designed to alert the White House Staff and other members of the Eisenhower "team" to developments in different agencies which might warrant study or action, especially if they had economic implications. These reports could be used by Republican members to analyze what the Administration was doing and to provide speech materials.
In addition to the progress reports, Hamlin also compiled a number of studies on the activities of government agencies and departments for the consideration of the Committee on Government Activities Affecting Prices and Costs. The purpose of the Committee on Government Activities Affecting Prices and Costs created by Executive Order 10802, January 23, 1959, was to provide a central mechanism in the Federal Government to follow the current activities of the Federal agencies to see whether they were being conducted, insofar as possible, in line with the need for reasonable stability of prices and costs, and to ensure that the Federal Government was not contributing to the nation's inflationary problems by the way in which it conducted its business. The Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, Raymond J. Saulnier, was designated as the Chairman of the Committee on Government Activities Affecting Prices and Costs.
# Maud Debien

Maud Debien (born 29 May 1938 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a retired Canadian politician who served as a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 2000. Her career has been in education.
She was elected in the Laval East electoral district under the Bloc Québécois party in the 1993 and 1997 federal elections, thus serving in the 35th and 36th Canadian Parliaments. Debien left Canadian politics in 2000 as she did not seek a third term in that year's federal election.
# Jesse Lowe

Jesse Lowe (March 11, 1814 – April 3, 1868) was the first mayor of Omaha, Nebraska, serving for one year from March 5, 1857 to March 2, 1858. An important real estate agent in the early city, Lowe is credited with naming the city after the Omaha Tribe.

## Biography

Lowe was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, and along with his brother Enos, the family soon afterward moved to the Indiana Territory, settling in Monroe County. Lowe's parents were strict Quakers. Jesse receiving his education at Bloomington College. After studying law and interning with Tilghman Howard in Indiana, Lowe decided not to become a lawyer, instead serving in the commissary of a Missouri volunteer regiment under Sterling Price. He was promoted to Paymaster in the U.S. Army served during the entire Mexican–American War. In 1853 he moved to Council Bluffs, Iowa where his brother was the city's tax collector.
On July 3, 1853, Lowe crossed the Missouri River with his brother Enos into Indian Territory, estimating the land across from Council Bluffs was going to become a great city. Jesse Lowe staked out a quarter-section and later bought three other quarter-sections, totaling 640 acres (2.6 km$^2$). Within a week he established the "Oak Grove Farm."
Lowe was a founding member of the Omaha Claim Club in 1854, and assisted Alfred D. Jones in the first survey of the city. In 1855 he built the first bank building in Omaha at 12th and Farnam Streets in present-day Downtown Omaha. Lowe also invested in the Council Bluffs and Nebraska Ferry Company, which was the foremost ferry company in Omaha for more than 25 years.
Lowe was married to Sophia Hoppin on July 3, 1856, in Burlington, New Jersey. They had four children, including Frederick Brown Lowe, Charlotte Augusta Lowe, Jesse Lowe Jr., and Tilghman Howard Lowe.
Jesse Lowe died in 1868, in Omaha. He is buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Omaha.

## Legacy

Lowe's legacy is readily apparent in the city of Omaha. The Jesse Lowe Conference Room, named in his honor, was located on the third floor of the Civic Center.
# Fidèle Dirokpa

Fidèle Dirokpa Balufuga (died 30 December 2021) was a former Democratic Republic of the Congo Anglican bishop. He was the Anglican Archbishop of the Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo. He was also Bishop of Kinshasa.

## Ecclesiastical career

Dirokpa was elected Bishop of Bukavu when his diocese was still a part of the Anglican Province of Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, in 1982, and would be in office until 2003. During his tenure it was created the new Province of the Anglican Church of Zaire, in 1992, renamed Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo, in 1997, upon the changing of the name of the country. He also would be Dean of the Province. He was elected second Primate and Archbishop of the Congo, with his enthronement taking place on 16 February 2003.
Dirokpa was a member of the Global South (Anglican) Primates. He supported the traditional Anglican stance on homosexuality and criticized the departures taken on the issue by the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada. However, Dirokpa chose not to declare his province in impaired communion with them, unlike other African Anglican provinces, saying he preferred dialogue between both parts in conflict.
He was succeeded by Henri Isingoma, elected on 28 April 2009, and enthroned in August 2009.
# Azam Radzhabov

Azam Talbievich Radzhabov (Belarusian: Азам Раджабаў; Russian: Азам Раджабов; born 21 January 1993) is a Belarusian professional footballer who plays for Lida.

## Career

Before joining Gomel, he spent two years playing for reserve and youth teams in Dynamo Kyiv, but didn't have a chance for debut in a senior team.
# Elham railway station

Elham railway station is a disused railway station on the Elham Valley Railway which served the village of Elham in Kent and the surrounding villages. Situated to the east of Elham the clapboard station was opened in 1887 and closed completely in 1947.

## History

The station opened on 4 July 1887 with the opening of the Elham Valley Railway from Cheriton Junction, on the South Eastern Main Line as far as Barham. A public siding was located at Ottinge, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Elham. It was controlled by a ground frame. Initially, there were six passenger trains per day. By 1906 there were nine trains a day, with five on Sunday. Between 1912 and 1916, a summer only railmotor service provided an additional four trains a day between Dover Priory and Elham. The service had been reduced to eight trains a day by 1922 and five trains a day by 1937. In 1931 the line was singled and one platform was closed.
Passenger services between Canterbury West and Lyminge were withdrawn on 1 December 1940 and the line was placed under military control. Two rail-mounted 12-inch howitzers were stationed at Elham during the war. The track had to be strengthened to cope with the recoil when the guns were fired. The station remained open to freight during the war. Military control was relinquished on 19 February 1945. In 1946 the line was reopened for goods traffic but a year later this service ceased and the Elham Valley Railway closed on 1 October 1947. The station building was demolished in 1964. After closure the station building was demolished but one platform still exists forming a retaining wall of a garden for a house now built on the station site.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Barham | Southern Railway Elham Valley Railway | Lyminge |
# Vlad Pop

Vlad Marian Pop (born 31 August 2000) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Liga I side FC U Craiova.

## Club career
### FC U Craiova

He made his league debut on 16 July 2021 in Liga I match against CFR Cluj.

## Honours

FC U Craiova
* Liga II: 2020–21
* Liga III: 2019–20
# Gmelinoides

Gmelinoides is a genus of freshwater amphipod crustaceans of the family Micruropodidae.
The genus is native to Siberia and makes part of the Lake Baikal amphipod radiation, but has also been introduced to Europe.

## Species

Source:
* Gmelinoides fasciatoides (Gurjanova, 1929)
* Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing, 1899)
# Pragian

The Pragian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 410.8 ± 2.8 million years ago to 407.6 ± 2.8 million years ago. It was preceded by the Lochkovian Stage and followed by the Emsian Stage. The most important Lagerstätte of the Pragian is Rhynie chert in Scotland. It is named after the city of Prague. The GSSP is located within the Prague Formation at Velká Chuchle, Prague.
In North America the Pragian Stage is represented by Siegenian or Deerparkian time.

## Pragian life

The first ammonoids (order Agoniatitida) appeared in later parts of this stage (at the lower boundary of the Zlichovian stage as it was known in Siberian representations). They were descended from bactritoid nautiloid ancestors, which also appeared in this stage before experiencing evolutionary radiations in the next stage.
# William L. Webster

William Lawrence Webster (born September 17, 1953) is an American lawyer, former politician and convicted felon from Missouri. He served in the Missouri House of Representatives and later as the 39th Attorney General of Missouri from 1985 to 1993. After failing to win election as governor in 1992, Webster pleaded guilty to felony embezzlement.

## Early life and career

William Lawrence Webster is the son of the late Richard M. Webster, who was a prominent Missouri State Senator, and Janet Webster. Webster was born and raised in Carthage, Missouri and was a graduate of Carthage Senior High School. He attended Missouri Southern State College and the University of Kansas. He received his J.D. degree from the University of Missouri–Kansas City.
After law school, Webster worked as an attorney in private practice in Joplin, Missouri. He married the former Susan Tieman of Kansas City and they have three sons.

## Political career

Webster was elected to Missouri House of Representatives in 1980 and re-elected in 1982. He was recognized as the outstanding first term representative by the Missouri Times in 1981 and in 1983 his colleagues recognized him as one of three outstanding members of the House of Representatives.
In 1984, at the age of 31, he was elected as Attorney General of Missouri, succeeding John Ashcroft. Webster was the youngest person to serve in that position since Robert Franklin Walker was elected as attorney general in 1892, also at the age of 31. Webster was re-elected in 1988.
Webster was the defendant of record in the Webster v. Reproductive Health Services case before the United States Supreme Court in 1989. The court ultimately decided in favor of Webster, representing the State of Missouri.
In 1992, Webster was the Republican nominee for Governor of Missouri, after defeating Roy Blunt and Wendell Bailey in the Republican Primary. The campaign for governor was marked by allegations of corruption relating to a state workers compensation fund that Webster managed as attorney general. Amidst the scandal, Webster lost the general election to Democrat Mel Carnahan by a wide margin.

## Scandal

In 1993, Webster pleaded guilty to felony embezzlement charges and was sentenced to two years in prison. Webster's re-election campaign had received unusually large contributions from firms making claims against a little-known $30 million workers' compensation fund, which Webster had defended by appointing private lawyers as special assistant state attorneys general. Lawyers who contributed to Webster obtained substantially larger settlements for their clients than those lawyers who did not contribute. Ultimately, Webster pleaded guilty to two federal felony charges of conspiracy and embezzlement related to abusing his position as Attorney General by using his state staff and office equipment for political purposes.
# Leo O. Meigs

Leonard Othello Meigs (April 28, 1879 – July 30, 1923) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington House of Representatives. From 1909 to 1911, he was the Speaker of that body.
# Making Fiends

Making Fiends is a cartoon by Amy Winfrey which has had two incarnations:
* Making Fiends (web cartoon), an online animated series (2003-2015).
* Making Fiends (TV series), a televised version of the above which premiered in 2008.
# Indrans Jayan

Indrans Jayan is an Indian film costume designer working predominantly in Malayalam films. He won the National Film Award for Best Costume Design in 2009 (Kutty Srank) and 2010 (Namma Gramam). Born in Kumarapuram, Trivandrum, he is the cousin of the Malayalam film actor Indrans. He has worked as costume designer for close to 300 films.

## Awards

National Film Awards
* 2010: Best Costume Design for Gramam Tamil Directed By: Mohan Sharma
* 2009: Best Costume Design for Kutty Srank. Malayalam Directed By: Shaji N. Karun
Kerala State Film Award
* 2011: Veeraputhran- P. T. Kunju Muhammed Malayalam
Other awards
* 2004: Film Critics Award - Kuberan (2002 film) - Sunderdas
* 2011: Surya TV & Film Producers Award - Veeraputhran

## Selected filmography

* Jaadhakam
* Radha Madhavam Directed by: Suresh Unnithan and Written by Lohithadas
* Pakshe Directed by: Mohan (director)
* Spadikam Directed by: Bhadran (director)
* Bhoothakkannadi Directed by: A. K. Lohithadas
* Sukrutham Directed by: Harikumar (director)
* Udhyanapalakan Directed by: Harikumar (director)
* Kuberan (2002 film) Directed by: Sundar Das
* Arayannangalude Veedu Directed by: A. K. Lohithadas
* Oru Cheru Punchiri Directed by: M. T. Vasudevan Nair
* Vadhu Doctoranu Directed by: K. K. Haridas
* Katha Nayakan Directed by: Rajasenan
* Kutty Srank Directed by: Shaji N. Karun
* Raamanam Directed by: M. P. Sukumaran Nair
* Veeraputhran Directed by: P. T. Kunju Muhammed
* Sundara Purushan (2001 film) Directed by: Jose Thomas
* Nakshathra koodaram
* Meleparambil Aanveedu
* Aniyan Bava Chetan Bava
* Dilliwala Rajakumaran
* Nadodimannan
* Swapaanam
* Adyathe kanmani
* Kottaram Veettile Apputtan
* Darling Darling
* Namma Gramam
* Gowrishankaram
* AKG
* out of sillubus
* Kunjananthante Kada
* Athishayan
* Sammanam
* Vasanthathinte kanal vazhikal
* April fool
* Ayaal
* Puthukkottayile Puthumanavalan
* Aalavattom
* Malayali maamanu vanakkom
* Our sankeerthanam pole
* Bharya want Ham suhruthu
* Krithyam
* Sadhananthante samayam
* Ammaku our thaarattu
* Onnam Loka Mahayudham
* Chekavar
* Rudrasimhasanam
# List of Ambassadors of the Maldives

The ambassadors of the Maldives are appointed by the president of the Maldives to maintain relations between countries, and to develop foreign policy toward various organizations and countries. The ambassador is appointed by the President of the Maldives with the approval of the People's Majlis.

## Ambassadors to countries

| Host country | List | Ambassador/High Commissioner | Appointment |
| United Arab Emirates | - | Mohamed Hussain Shareef | 7 May 2024 |
| United Kingdom | - | Iruthisham Adam | 7 May 2024 |
| China | List | Fazeel Najeeb | 7 May 2024 |
| Japan | - | Hassan Sobir | 30 May 2022 |
| Germany | - | Aishath Shaan Shakir | 20 July 2022 |
| India | - | Aishath Azeema | 30 October 2024 |
| United States | - | Abdul Ghafoor Mohamed | 15 September 2022 |
| Malaysia | List | Mariyam Shabeena Ahmed | 7 May 2024 |
| Sri Lanka | - | Masood Imad | 7 May 2024 |
| Singapore | - | Mohamed Luveiz | 7 May 2024 |
| Bangladesh | - | Shiuneen Rasheed | 3 July 2024 |
| Turkey | - | Lieutenant General (Rtd) Abdul Raheem Abdul Latheef | 3 July 2024 |
| Pakistan | - | Mohamed Thoha | 3 July 2024 |
| Belgium | - | Geela Ali | 7 May 2024 |
| Saudi Arabia | - | Ahmed Sareer | 30 October 2024 |

## Ambassadors to international organizations

| Host organization | List | Ambassador | Appointment |
| United Nations | List | Ali Naseer Mohamed | 7 May 2024 |
| European Union | - | Geela Ali | 7 May 2024 |
| United Nations Office at Geneva | - | Salma Rasheed | 7 May 2024 |
# Filum terminale

The filum terminale ("terminal thread") is a delicate strand of fibrous tissue, about 20 cm in length, extending inferiorly from the apex of the conus medullaris to attach onto the coccyx. The filum terminale acts to anchor the spinal cord and spinal meninges inferiorly.
The upper portion of the filum terminale is formed by spinal pia mater within a dilated dural sac, while the lower portion is formed by both pia and dura mater (with the outer dural layer closely adhering to the inner pial component).

## Anatomy

The proximal/superior part - the filum terminale internum or pial part of terminal filum - measures 15 cm in length and extends as far as the inferior border of the second sacral vertebra (S2) (the inferior limit sacral canal). It is composed of the vestiges of neural tissue, connective tissue, and neuroglial tissue lined by pia mater. It is contained within a tubular sheath of the dura mater and is surrounded by the nerves of the cauda equina (from which it can be easily recognized by its blueish-white color).
The inferior/distal part - the filum terminale externum, dural part of terminal filum, or coccygeal ligament - is formed as the filum terminale internum reaches the inferior extremity of the dural sac; henceforth, the filum terminale becomes invested by a layer of dura mater.
The filum terminale ultimately terminates inferiorly by attaching to the dorsum of the coccyx at the first coccygeal segment, flaring out to blend with the coccygeal periosteum.

### Relations

The filum terminale is situated centrally amid the spinal nerve roots of the cauda equina (but is not itself a part of the cauda equina).
The inferior-most spinal nerve, the coccygeal nerve, leaves the spinal cord at the level of the conus medullaris via respective vertebrae through their intervertebral foramina, superior to the filum terminale. However, adhering to the outer surface of the filum terminale are a few strands of nerve fibres which probably represent rudimentary second and third coccygeal nerves.
The central canal of the spinal cord extends inferiorly into the superior part of the filum terminale.

### Development

The filum terminale is the vestigial remnant of the caudal portion of the spinal cord which forms a tail-like caudal eminence in the embryo.

## Additional images

* Spinal cord. Spinal membranes and nerve roots. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
* Spinal cord. Spinal membranes and nerve roots. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
* Spinal cord. Spinal membranes and nerve roots. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
* Spinal cord. Spinal membranes and nerve roots. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
* Spinal cord. Spinal membranes and nerve roots. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
* Spinal cord. Spinal membranes and nerve roots. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
* Spinal cord. Spinal membranes and nerve roots. Deep dissection. Posterior view.