# List of presidents of the Senate of Spain

The president of the Senate is the highest authority of the Senate of Spain, the upper house of the Cortes Generales, the legislative branch of Spain. The President is elected by and among the incumbent senators.
The office was established in 1834 by the Royal Statue which structured the legislature as a bicameral parliament with an upper house called House of Peers, formed by high clerics, grandees, other nobles and relevant members of the civil society. The current name of the upper house is Senate since 1837 and is currently regulated in Part III, Section 69 of the Constitution of 1978 which establishes a chamber with two kind of members: popular-elected senators and senators designated by regional legislatures.
In its almost two centuries of history, the Senate has not been always active. Between August 1836 and November 1837 the upper house was suppressed because of a revolt against the conservative government of the Queen Regent which forced her to reinstate the Constitution of 1812. In late 1837, a new Constitution was passed and the political stability restored. The next suppression happened in 1873, after the abdication of King Amadeo I, and was reestablished in 1877 when the Constitution of 1876 was passed.
Under the protection of this last constitution, there was the longest period of stability that lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera in 1923, which established a unicameral parliament. After the end of the dictatorship and the end of the Reign of Alfonso XIII, the Second Republic did not recover the upper house and maintained the unicameral parliament, thing that also did the dictator Francisco Franco. With the recovery of democracy, in 1977 the bicameral parliament was reestablished.
Since its creation in 1834, 44 people have served as president in 63 presidencies. The first president was the Duke of Bailén who served for 60 days before resigning. The shortest presidency was that of the Marquess of Miraflores which was president briefly between August 3 and August 12, 1836 and the longest was that of Javier Rojo serving 7 years, 8 months and 10 days. Many presidents have served in non-consecutive terms in office; The Marquess of Miraflores and Eugenio Montero Ríos served in five non-consecutive terms. The first woman who have served as president was Esperanza Aguirre, between 1999 and 2002. The current and 63rd President is Pedro Rollán, senator representing Madrid.

## List
### House of Peers

| Presidency | Presidency | Name | Start | End | Party | Election |
| Reign of Isabella II under the Regency of Maria Christina of Bourbon (1833-1840) |||||||||
| | 1st | The Duke of Bailén | 17 July 1834 | 15 September 1834 | Independent | Royal Prerogative (Royal Statue of 1834 § 12) |
| | 2nd | The Duke of Ahumada | 15 September 1834 | 30 May 1835 | Independent | Royal Prerogative (Royal Statue of 1834 § 12) |
| | 3rd | Pedro González Vallejo Archbishop-elect of Toledo | 10 October 1835 | 23 May 1836 | Independent | Royal Prerogative (Royal Statue of 1834 § 12) |
| | 4th | The Marquess of Miraflores | 3 August 1836 | 12 August 1836 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Royal Statue of 1834 § 12) |
| The House of Peers was suppressed during 1836 and 1837 |||||||||

### Senate

| Presidency | Presidency | Name | Start | End | Party | Election | Refs. |
| Reign of Isabella II under the Regency of Maria Christina of Bourbon (1833-1840) |||||||||
| | 5th | The Count of Fontao | 18 November 1837 | 11 October 1840 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1837 § 31) | |
| Reign of Isabella II under the Regency of Baldomero Espartero (1840-1843) |||||||||
| | 6th | The Count of Almodóvar | 5 March 1841 | 31 May 1842 | Progressive | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1837 § 31) | |
| | 7th | Álvaro Gómez Becerra | 22 June 1842 | 19 May 1843 | Progressive | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1837 § 31) | |
| Reign of Isabella II (Queen's coming of age) (1843-1868) |||||||||
| | 8th | Mauricio Carlos de Onís | 14 October 1843 | 4 July 1844 | Progressive | Provisional Government | |
| | 9th | The Count of Fontao | 2 October 1844 | 28 July 1845 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1837 § 31) | |
| | 10th | The Marquess of Miraflores | 5 November 1845 | 30 October 1846 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 11th | The Marquess of Viluma | 29 December 1846 | 5 October 1847 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 12th | The Marquess of Miraflores | 6 November 1847 | 6 April 1851 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 13th | The Marquess of Viluma | 27 May 1851 | 7 January 1852 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 14th | The Marquess of Miraflores | 21 November 1852 | 2 December 1852 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 15th | Joaquín Ezpeleta Enrile | 12 February 1853 | 9 April 1853 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 16th | The Marquess of Viluma | 18 November 1853 | 16 July 1857 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 17th | Francisco Javier de Istúriz | 30 January 1858 | 11 September 1858 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 18th | The Marquess of Duero | 20 November 1858 | 10 October 1865 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 19th | The Duke of la Torre | 12 December 1865 | 30 December 1866 | Liberal Union | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| | 20th | The Marquess of Miraflores | 19 March 1867 | 6 December 1868 | Moderate | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1845 § 30) | |
| Reign of Amadeo I (1871-1873) |||||||||
| | 21st | Francisco Santa Cruz Pacheco | 4 April 1871 | 28 June 1872 | Constitutional | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1869 § 46) | |
| | 22nd | Laureano Figuerola | 18 September 1872 | 11 February 1873 | Constitutional | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1869 § 46) | |
| Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1869 § 46) |||||||||
| Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1869 § 46) |||||||||
| | 23rd | Manuel García Barzanallana | 24 April 1877 | 25 June 1881 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 24th | The Marquess of La Habana | 18 September 1881 | 26 July 1883 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 25th | The Duke of la Torre | 12 December 1883 | 31 March 1884 | Dynastic Left | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 26th | The Count of Puñonrrostro | 16 May 1884 | 11 July 1885 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| Regency of Maria Christina of Austria (1885-1902) |||||||||
| | 27th | Arsenio Martínez Campos | 23 December 1885 | 8 March 1886 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 28th | The Marquess of La Habana | 8 May 1886 | 29 December 1890 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 29th | Arsenio Martínez Campos | 27 February 1891 | 4 February 1893 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 30th | The Marquess of La Habana | 3 April 1893 | 16 October 1894 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 31st | Eugenio Montero Ríos | 10 November 1894 | 28 February 1896 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 32nd | José Elduayen Gorriti | 7 May 1896 | 26 February 1898 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 33rd | Eugenio Montero Ríos | 18 April 1898 | 16 March 1899 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 34th | Arsenio Martínez Campos | 30 May 1899 | 23 September 1900 / 18 October 1900 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 35th | Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero | 18 October 1900 | 8 November 1900 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 36th | The Count of Tejada de Valdosera | 8 November 1900 | 24 April 1901 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 37th | Eugenio Montero Ríos | 8 June 1901 | 26 March 1903 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| Reign of Alfonso XIII (1902-1931) |||||||||
| | 37th | Eugenio Montero Ríos | 8 June 1901 | 26 March 1903 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 38th | Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero | 15 May 1903 | 16 December 1904 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 39th | The Marquess of Pidal | 19 December 1904 | 17 August 1905 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 40th | José López Domínguez | 9 October 1905 | 6 July 1906 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 41st | Eugenio Montero Ríos | 17 September 1906 | 30 March 1907 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 42nd | Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero | 10 May 1907 | 14 April 1910 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 43rd | Eugenio Montero Ríos | 9 June 1910 | 11 June 1913 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 44th | Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero | 8 November 1913 | 30 May 1915 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 45th | Joaquín Sánchez de Toca | 25 June 1915 | 16 March 1916 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 46th | The Marquess of Alhucemas | 6 May 1916 | 19 April 1917 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | [158][159] [160][161] |
| | 47th | Alejandro Groizard | 31 May 1917 | 2 May 1919 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 48th | Manuel Allendesalazar Muñoz | 23 June 1919 | 15 December 1919 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 49th | Joaquín Sánchez de Toca | 15 December 1919 | >6 April 1923 | Conservador | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| | 50th | The Count of Romanones | 26 May 1923 | 13 November 1923 | Liberal | Royal Prerogative (Constitution of 1876 § 36) | |
| The Senate was suppressed during 1923 and 1977 |||||||||
| Presidency | Presidency | Name | Start | End | Party | Election | Votes |
| Reign of Juan Carlos I (1975-2014) |||||||||
| | 51st | Antonio Fontán | 15 June 1977 | 26 March 1979 | UCD | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 132 votes |
| | 52nd | Cecilio Valverde | 27 March 1979 | 17 November 1982 | UCD | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 122 votes |
| | 53rd | José Federico de Carvajal | 18 November 1982 | 20 November 1989 | PSOE | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 158 votes235 votes |
| | 54th | Juan José Laborda | 21 November 1989 | 26 March 1996 | PSOE | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 144 votes137 votes |
| | 55th | Juan Ignacio Barrero | 27 March 1996 | 9 February 1999 | PP | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 238 votes |
| | 56th | Esperanza Aguirre | 9 February 1999 | 17 October 2002 | PP | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 223 votes |
| | 57th | Juan José Lucas | 22 October 2002 | 1 April 2004 | PP | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 155 votes151 votes |
| | 58th | Javier Rojo | 2 April 2004 | 12 December 2011 | PSOE | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 128 votes134 votes |
| | 59th | The Count of Badarán | 13 December 2011 | 20 May 2019 | PP | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 180 votes |
| Reign of Felipe VI (2014-) |||||||||
| | 59th | The Count of Badarán | 13 December 2011 | 20 May 2019 | PP | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 180 votes144 votes151 votes |
| | 60th | Manuel Cruz | 21 May 2019 | 2 December 2019 | PSOE | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 140 votes |
| | 61st | Pilar Llop | 3 December 2019 | 8 July 2021 | PSOE | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 130 votes |
| | - | Cristina Narbona (acting) | 8 July 2021 | 12 July 2021 | PSOE | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | - |
| | 62nd | Ander Gil | 12 July 2021 | 16 August 2023 | PSOE | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 132 votes |
| | 63rd | Pedro Rollán | 17 August 2023 | Incumbent | PP | Chosen by the House (Constitution of 1978 § 72) | 142 votes |