OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dalmadal Cannon

The Dalmadal Cannon, also known as the Dal Madal Kaman, was built under the orders of Raja Gopal Singha in 1742 at the cost of Rs. 1.25 lakh, an enormous sum for the time. The blacksmith Jagannath Karmakar forged the cannon, which weighs approximately 296 maunds (around 11,840 kg) and has a length of 3.8 meters. The cannon's body was constructed by connecting 63 iron rings together, giving it a rust-proof finish. Its impressive size is marked by a circumference of 6'10" in the middle and front and 8'3.5" at the rear.

## Design and Features

The Dalmadal Cannon is designed with an opening for inserting gunpowder, located on the upper rear section. A small square groove, known as the Ranjakghar, was used to ignite the cannon by filling it with gunpowder. The middle section of the cannon is fitted with two iron sticks, each about 6 feet long and 4 feet in circumference, that were used to connect it to two iron wheels.

## Legend and Myth

A popular local legend surrounds the Dalmadal Cannon, claiming that it was miraculously fired by Lord Madan Mohan, the tutelary deity of the Malla kings, to protect Bishnupur from the Maratha invader Bhaskar Rao. According to the myth, during a Maratha attack, Lord Madan Mohan himself operated the cannon, causing the invaders to retreat. This divine intervention story has become a cherished part of Bishnupur's cultural lore.

## Tourism and Cultural Importance

The Dalmadal Cannon is part of Bishnupur's rich cultural landscape, which includes numerous UNESCO-listed terracotta temples. Over the years, the cannon has become a focal point for tourists interested in the military history of the Malla dynasty. The site can be visited year-round, and entry is free. It forms a central piece in Bishnupur's historical tourism circuit, which includes notable sites like the Rasmancha and Madanmohan Temple.
# Art Moreau

Art Moreau (born 1936) is an American former politician in the state of Washington. He served the 42nd district from 1975 to 1979.
# Przechlewko-Leśniczówka

Przechlewko-Leśniczówka (Polish pronunciation:) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Przechlewo, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
# MBA (disambiguation)

MBA is Master of Business Administration, a master's degree.
MBA or Mba may refer to:

## Organizations

* Maldives Basketball Association
* Manitoba Bar Association
* Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
* Maschienenbau und Bahnbedarf AG, name used by Orenstein & Koppel in Nazi Germany
* Metropolitan Basketball Association, now-defunct basketball league in the Philippines
* Media Bloggers Association, US
* Ministry of Border Affairs (Myanmar)
* Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
* Morbidelli-Benelli Armi, Italian motorcycle factory
* Mortgage Bankers Association, USA
* Mountain Bothies Association, Scottish huts charity
* MBAssociates, manufacturer of Gyrojet rocket guns

## People

* Léon M'ba, first president of Gabon
* Paul Biyoghé Mba
* Nina Mba
* Stéphane N'Zue Mba

## Places

* Moi International Airport, Mombasa, Kenya, IATA code

## Other uses

* International Biennale of Architecture in Kraków (Międzynarodowe Biennale Architektury w Krakowie)
* Mba languages
* Methylenebisacrylamide
* Middle Bronze Age
* ICHD classification and diagnosis of migraine#Migraine with brainstem aura
# Peace treaty between China and Tibet (783)

The Peace treaty between China and Tibet of 783, also called the Sino-Tibetan Peace Treaty of 783 or Treaty of Qingshui (Chinese: 清水之盟) is a peace treaty negotiated in 783 between the Chinese Tang dynasty, ruled by Emperor Dezong and the Tibetan Empire ruled by Trisong Detsen, giving the latter all the land in the Kokonor region which corresponds to present-day Qinghai Lake. The treaty is celebrated in Qingshui, and was the sixth treaty between China and Tibet.

## Context

During the reign of the Emperor of Tibet, Trisong Detsen (740 - 797), the Tibetans invaded the capital of China Chang'an (nowadays Xian) in 763. The Chinese Emperor Dezong of Tang having fled, the Tibetans appointed a new emperor.
Trisong Detsen then sought to expand westward, reaching the Oxus River and threatening the Arab Caliph, Haroun ar-Rashid. The Caliph was concerned enough to establish an alliance with the Emperor of China. During the remainder of his reign, the king was occupied by wars with the Arabs in the west, and relieved the pressure on his Chinese adversaries in the east and north, until his reign ended in 797.

## Peace Treaty

The Sino-Tibetan peace treaty was signed in 783 in present-day Qingshui depriving China of the territories west of the Dadu River. The treaty did not prevent hostilities between China and the Tibetan Empire from resuming three years later.
# Basavana Bagewadi

Basavana Bagewadi is a municipality and taluka in Bijapur district in the state of Karnataka, India.

## History

Basavana Bagewadi town is claimed to be the birthplace of Basava, the philosopher of the Lingayat sect. The Basaveshwar Temple was constructed in the 11th century during the rule of the Chalukya dynasty.

## Geography

The town of Basavana Bagewadi is in Basavana Bagewadi Taluka. The town of Basavana Bagewadi is situated along Bijapur–Bangalore National Highway No.13 at a distance of 44 kilometres (27 mi) from Bijapur, and 493 kilometres (306 mi) distance from the state capital of Bangalore.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, the town of Basavana Bagevadi had a population of 28,582. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Basavana Bagevadi had an average literacy rate of 53%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 61% of the males and 39% of females literate. 16% of the population was under 6 years of age.
Basavana Bagewadi is a town in Basavana Bagewadi Taluk, Bijapur District District, Karnataka State. Basavana Bagewadi is 44.4 km distance from its District Main City Bijapur . And 433 km distance from its State Main City Bangalore.
The Town Municipal Council (TMC) Basavana Bagewadi was constituted in 1973. It is situated along Bijapur - Bangalore National Highway No.13 at a distance of 42 km from Bijapur. Basavana Bagewadi town is a historic place where Shri Lord of Basavna was born, the birthplace call as "Basava Smarak" now comes under Kudal Sangam Authority department Basavana Bagewadi. It has a population of 28,526 as per census 2001. The TMC has 23 wards and equal number of councilors and 5 Numbers of Nominee Councilors. Basavana Bagewadi TMC stretches to an area of 10.30 km$^2$.

### Religion

According to 2011 census, out of a population of 33,198, Hindus were 82.96% and Muslims were 15.90%.

## Administration

The Town Municipal Council (TMC) Basavana Bagewadi was constituted in 1973. The TMC has 23 wards and equal number of councilors and 5 Numbers of Nominee Councilors. Basavana Bagewadi TMC stretches to an area of 10.30 sq km. Kudagi super national thermal power project 18 kilometres (11 mi), Basavan Bagewadi road Railway Station 19 kilometres (12 mi).
In 1994 the town elected Patil Basanagoda Somanagouda, a representative of the Indian National Congress party.
In 2012 the town's MLA of India S.K. Bellubbi handed over 623 houses to flood victims.

### Divisions

There are 38 panchayat villages in Basavana Bagewadi Taluka:
* Alamatti
* Arashanagi
* Beeraladinni
* Byakod
* Chimmalagi
* Dindawar
* Donur
* Golasangi
* Huvina Hipparagi
* Hanamapur
* Hebbal
* Hunshyal PB
* Ingaleshwar
* Itagi
* Kalgurki
* K.Salawadagi
* Kanakal
* Kolar
* Kudagi
* Malaghan
* Managuli
* Mannur
* Markabbinahalli
* Masabinal
* Masuti
* Mulawad
* Muttagi
* Narasalagi
* Nidagundi
* Ronihal
* Sasanur
* Satihal
* Talewad
* Telagi
* Ukkali
* Vadavadagi
* Wandal
* Yalawar
* Yaranal
# Joseph Paul von Cobres

Joseph Paul Edler von Cobres (January 10, 1746 – December 26, 1823) was a German nobleman, bibliophile, and naturalist. He produced a two volume catalogue of his book collection in 1781-2 called "Deliciae Cobresianae". He also collected natural history objects and supported scientists and naturalist but was eventually forced to sell off his collections after the Napoleonic Wars.

## Life and work

Cobres was a Catholic merchant and banker from Venice born Giuseppe Paolo Cobres. He settled in Augsburg in 1769. He was a part of a circle of bankers that included Obwexer and Tonella families. He began to collect natural history objects in the 1770s and in 1771 he acquired the collections of Wolfgang Jakob Sulzer and Christoph Heinrich Weng. In 1769 he married Maria Anna, widow of Joseph Maria Tonella of Augsburg who came from another Augsburg banking family of Obwexers. The couple moved to a new house on Maximilianstrasse called Zur Himmelsleiter. Here he began to accumulate more of his natural history specimens and books and became a supporter of scientists and naturalists. Famous visitors to his collections included the Augsburg naturalists Gottlieb Tobias Wilhelm (1758–1811), Jacob Hübner (1761–1826), Heinrich Gottlob Lang (1739–1809) and Carl Christian Wilhelm Juch (1772–1821). The mineralogist Karl Ludwig Giesecke alias Johann Georg Metzler (1761–1833) was also a visitor. He also sold duplicates of specimens to other collectors.He was appointed a royal advisor and elevated to nobility as a Holy Roman Empire knight on April 24, 1780. He became a patron of the Imperial City Art Academy in 1781. On September 27, 1791, he was made a Knight of the Order of Malta by Joseph II (1741–1790). In 1781-82 he published a catalogue of his books in two volumes Deliciae Cobresianae. In 1792 he was inducted to the Imperial Leopoldian-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists (Academie Naturae Curiosorum) under the nickname Plinius VIII. He was also made member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in 1811. In 1793 he moved an estate called Sölde in Göggingen near Augsburg.

### Bankruptcy

He had to sell off some of his assets around 1813 due to rising debts and bankruptcy of his bank following the Napoleonic wars. He offered his collections to the Royal Bavarian Academy for 30,000 guilders with an annual pension of 2000 guilders but the academy refused and took only some materials. Some of the material went to the Augsburg Natural History Society in 1851 and this later went into the Natural Science Museum at Stetten House which was destroyed by bombs in February 1944 in World War II.

### Legacy

The plant genus Kobresia was named after him in 1805 by Karl Ludwig Willdenow (1765–1812). A street in Göggingen was named after him in 1973.
# Patricia H. Thornton

Patricia H. Thornton is an American organizational theorist, and Grand Challenge Initiative Professor of Sociology and Entrepreneurship at Texas A&M University as well as Adjunct Associate Professor of Business Administration at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. She is known for her work on "the sociology of entrepreneurship" and "the Institutional Logics Perspective."

## Life and work

Thornton obtained her PhD in Sociology in 1993 at Stanford University. Her committee was W. Richard Scott, John Meyer, Jeffrey Pfeffer, and Nancy Tuma, and her dissertation was "Acquisition Growth of College Publishing, 1958-1990." One of her first publications to come out of her dissertation research was "The problem of boundaries in contemporary research on organizations," co-authored with Nancy Tuma and which won the best paper award from the Organization and Management Theory Division of the Academy of Management.
After graduation Thornton was visiting scholar in Organizational Behavior at INSEAD, and visiting scholar in Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University. At Duke University Fuqua School of Business she is appointed adjunct professor and is affiliated with its Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation. She was also visiting associate professor at Stanford University's Department of Sociology. In 2015 Thornton became Grand Challenge Initiative Professor of Sociology and Entrepreneurship at Texas A&M University where she currently teaches "The Social Science of Entrepreneurship."
Thornton's research interests are in the fields of "organization theory, innovation and entrepreneurship, and the social and cultural factors promoting entrepreneurship... [specifically] in developing the Action Learning Approach for teaching entrepreneurship using live business plans, entrepreneurs, and investors."

## Selected publications

* Thornton, Patricia H., William Ocasio, and Michael Lounsbury. The institutional logics perspective: A new approach to culture, structure, and process. Oxford University Press, 2012.
Articles, a selection:
* Thornton, Patricia H. "The sociology of entrepreneurship." Annual Review of Sociology (1999): 19–46.
* Thornton, Patricia H., and William Ocasio. "Institutional logics and the historical contingency of power in organizations: Executive succession in the higher education publishing industry, 1958-1990 1." American journal of Sociology 105.3 (1999): 801–843.
* Thornton, Patricia H., and William Ocasio. "Institutional logics." The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism 840 (2008): 99-128.
# Edmund Elton (actor)

Edmund Elton (February 5, 1870, Preston, Lancashire – January 4, 1952, Los Angeles, California) was an English actor and singer. After beginning his career in British music halls in the late 19th century, he relocated to the United States where he had a career as a performer in plays and musicals on Broadway, vaudeville, and in both silent film and talking pictures in Hollywood during the first half of the 20th century.

## Career

In America, Edmund Elton first drew attention as an actor portraying Percy Vere in the United States national tour of Charles H. Hoyt's A Black Sheep in 1899-1900. In the 1900-1901 season he toured the United States again as Brother Paul in a production of Hall Caine's The Christian. In 1901 he settled in Philadelphia where he was committed to performing as a resident player with two different theatre companies over the next four years, the Girard Avenue Stock and the Forepaugh Company. He then joined Eugenie Blair's theatre company with whom he starred as Torvald Helmer in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House in 1906 with Blair as Nora. His other roles with Blair's company included Bill Sikes in Oliver Twist and Archibald Carlyle in East Lynne. In the summers of 1906, 1907, and 1908 he toured New England in performances with the Hunter-Bradford Stock Company.
Elton made his Broadway debut as the villain Struve in the 1907 play adaptation of Rex Beach's 1906 novel The Spoilers at the New York Theatre. He created roles in several more original plays on Broadway, including Henry P. Schofield in Edward Everett Rose's Penrod (1918), Bill Avery in Paul Armstrong's Alias Jimmy Valentine (1921), Hendricks in John Willard's The Cat and the Canary (1922), Frederic J. Norton in Pierre Gendron's Kept (1926), J. Cheever West in Willis Maxwell Goodhue's Betty, Be Careful (1931), Barker in Ernst Toller's Bloody Laughter (1931), and Mr. Bullock in Herbert Polesie and John McGowan's Heigh-Ho, Everybody (1932). He also portrayed Rufio in the 1925 Broadway revival of George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra; a production which marked the grand opening of the Guild Theatre. Original Broadway musicals he starred in included the roles of Jim Hayward in Albert Von Tilzer's Honey Girl (1920), General Birabeau in Sigmund Romberg's The Desert Song (1926) and "Pop" O'Keefe in Ray Henderson's Hold Everything!.
In 1916, Elton starred as Capulet in the Metro Pictures silent film Romeo and Juliet. He portrayed Robert Darzac in the Mayflower Photoplay Company's The Mystery of the Yellow Room (1919). His other film roles included The Mayor in How've You Bean (1933), Mr. "Pop" Martin in Stella Dallas (1937), Mr. Rutledge in Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1939), Dr. Turner in Should a Girl Marry? (1939), Judge Bent in Back in the Saddle (1941), and the elderly man in Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941) among others.
Elton died in Los Angeles, California on January 4, 1952.
# Studenten Techniek In Politiek

Studenten Techniek In Politiek (STIP, "Technology Students In Politics") is a local political party in the municipality of Delft in the Netherlands.

## History

STIP was founded in 1993 and is run exclusively by students. The members of STIP rotate their seats after one year in municipal council (instead of the regular term of four years) to combine their elected position with their studies. STIP is a unique democratic example of student involvement in local politics. First elected in 1994, STIP had steadily grown its representation on the municipal council.
After the election victory in 1998 STIP was invited to join the ruling coalition and get a seat on the executive council (College van Burgemeester en Wethouders). Since then they have consistently remained part of the ruling coalition. Currently their representative on the executive council is deputy mayor Bas Vollebregt. STIP is the only student party in the Netherlands with a representation on the local executive council.

## Ideology and electorate

STIP has no clearly defined political ideology and self-describes itself as pragmatic. However its raison d'être is improving the relationship between students and 'regular' citizens of Delft in general, and specifically improving the relationship between the Delft University of Technology and the City of Delft. Their platform calls for investments in sustainability, local high tech start-ups and cultural activities. STIP is not affiliated with a national political party. In the last years STIP has been part of local majority coalitions together with the PvdA, VVD, GroenLinks and D66.
In many student cities there are conflicts between the 'regular' population of the city and the student population. Often this conflict remains unresolved partly because of under-representation of students within official representative organs such as the municipal council. The concept of a student party as a way to increase student representation in local government was named as one of the best case practices to increase student friendliness of European cities.
Overwhelmingly the electorate of STIP consists of students, concentrated in the old city centre of Delft and the campus of the Delft University of Technology.

## Election results

| Election | Votes | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Government |
| Election | # | % | ± | # | ± | Government |
| 1994 | 2,111 | 4.6% | New | 1 / 37 | New | Opposition |
| 1998 | 2,524 | 5.8% | 1.2% | 2 / 37 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2002 | 3,698 | 8.2% | 2.4% | 3 / 37 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2006 | 3,026 | 7.0% | 1.2% | 2 / 37 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2010 | 3,287 | 8.0% | 1.0% | 3 / 37 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2014 | 5,072 | 11.6% | 3.6% | 4 / 37 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2018 | 6,677 | 14.8% | 3.2% | 6 / 39 | 2 | Coalition |
| 2022 | 6,745 | 15.8% | 1.0% | 6 / 39 | 0 | Coalition |
# Jonas Bruun

Jonas Bruun (3 July 1911 – 25 November 1977) was a Danish supreme court attorney. Bruun was made a partner in his father's law firm in 1940 and continued it alone under his own name from 1944. The law firm Jonas Bruun was based at Bredgade 38 in Copenhagen. It merged with Hjejle Gersted Mogensen under the name Bruun & Hjejle in 2009.

## Early life and education

Bruun was born on 3 July 1911 in Copenhagen, the son of lawyer Hans Henrik Bruun (1884–1954) and Elisabeth Poulsen (1887–1960). He matriculated from Sorø Academy in 1928 and earned his law degree from the University of Copenhagen in 1937.

## Career

Bruun was made a partner in his father's law firm after briefly in 1939–40 serving as a secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was licensed for landsretten in 1942 and ten years later also for the Supreme Court. He assisted the Attorney General for approximately 10 years starting in 1944. On his father's death in 1954, he was left as the sole owner of the law firm. He was maonly active as a prominent legal consultant for a wide range of major Danish companies. He was for many years president or board member of A/S Højgaard & Schultz (from 1958: A/S Contractor), A/S Lemvigh-Müller & Munck and the Royal Porcelain Factory. In his capacity of president of De forenede Vagtselskaber, he played a central role in its merger with Det danske Rengøringsselskab under the name ISS A/S and was also president of this company in the early 1970s.
Bruun was interested in the arts and was for many years involved in the management of C. L. Davids Fond og Samling, Den holbergske stiftelse Tersløsegård, Knud Højgårds Fond and the Danish Museum of Arts & Crafts. He was also active in a number of charities, including Vemmetofte kloster and Foreningen til Fremme af Blindes Selvvirksomhed.

## Personal life and legacy

Bruun was on 14 May 1941 married to lady-in-waiting and later private secretary of Queen Ingrid, Sybille Malvina Lonny, Countess Reventlow (24 August 1912 – 21 August 1998), a daughter of d. af ambassador Eduard Reventlow (1883–1963) and Else Bardenfleth (1884–1964), in Christiansborg Chapel.
Bruun was created a Knight in the Order of the Dannebrog in 1962 and a Commander in the Order of the Fannebrog in 1975. He died on 25 November 1977 and is buried in Tibirke Cemetery at Tisvildeleje.
Bruun's law firm was based at Bredgade 38 in Copenhagen. It merged with Hjejle Gersted Mogensen under the name Bruun & Hjejle in 2009.